IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


^ 


Si 


1.0 


i.l 


150     "^ 


2.5 
2.2 


I   1^    112.0 


^    II 


18 


1.25  III  1.4      1.6 

■• 6"     

► 

m 


/: 


w. 


y 


/A 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  »72-4503 


'^o 


« 


4^0 


i 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


D 


Colourad  covers/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I   Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagAe 

Covers  restored  end/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  resteurie  et/ou  peliicul^e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


r~^   Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  giographiquas  en  couleur 


□   Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  then  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  eutre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

n~|   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 
D 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  materiel/ 
ReliA  avec  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shsdows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serrie  peut  ceuser  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appeer  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutias 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte. 
mais.  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  peges  n'ont 
pas  At6  filmies. 


L'institut  0  microfilm*  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  e  «tA  poeeible  de  ae  procurer.  Lea  dAtaiia 
da  cat  exemplaire  qui  aont  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dars  la  mAthoda  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


r~~\   Coloured  pagea/ 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endom  magmas 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  rastaurias  et/ou  pelliculAes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxe( 
Pages  dAcolortes,  tachatAes  ou  piqutes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d4tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quelity  of  prir 

Quality  InAgaia  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementery  meterii 
Comprend  du  metAriel  supplAmentaire 

Only  edition  eveilabia/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


|~~|  Pages  damaged/ 

r~~|  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~~|  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

|~n  Pages  detached/ 

fyj  Showthrough/ 

|~1  Quelity  of  print  varies/ 

rn  Includes  supplementery  meteriai/ 

|~n  Only  edition  eveilabia/ 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Lea  peges  totelement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmAes  A  nojveau  de  facon  A 
obtenir  le  meilleure  image  possible. 


'^ 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentairas: 


Pagination  continued  from  Vol.  I. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  da  rMuction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  r>v 


26X 


30X 


7 


The  copy  fi 
to  the  gene 


The  images 
possible  CO 
of  the  origi 
filming  con 


Original  co| 
beginning  v 
the  last  pa( 
sion,  or  the 
other  origin 
first  page  m 
sion,  and  ei 
or  illustrate 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  last  rec 
shall  cental 
TINUED"), 
whichever 

iVIaps,  plate 
different  re« 
entirely  inci 
beginning  ir 
right  and  to 
required.  Jh 
method: 


•mplaire 
r.  Lm  details 
uniques  du 
uvant  modifiar 
nt  axigar  una 
■la  da  filmaga 


Id/ 
ias 

oxad/ 
J  piqutes 


al/ 
lantaira 


irad  by  arrata 
afilmad  to 
/ 

llamant 

ita,  una  palura, 
da  fa^on  k 
libla. 


OX 


7 


Tha  copy  ffilmad  hara  has  baan  raproducad  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  bedt  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Itaeping  with  tha 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  nre  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


32X 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  —^(meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (menning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

iVIaps.  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


1 

2 

3 

L'exemplaira  filmi  fut  reproduit  grAca  A  la 
g6n6rosit6  da: 

La  bibiiothdque  des  Archives 
pubiiques  du  Canada 

Las  images  suivantes  ont  6tA  raproduites  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin,  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaira  fiim6,  at  en 
conformity  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmaga. 

Las  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sont  filmis  en  commen^ant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iilustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iilustration  at  en  terminant  par 
la  darniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboies  suivants  apparaltra  sur  la 
darnlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  la  symbole  -^>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
fiimds  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seui  cliche,  il  est  fiimt  d  partir 
de  i'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  has,  en  prenant  la  nombre 
d'images  ntcessaire.  Les  diagrammas  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithoda. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

SYS 


GE( 


All  till  lito  Iniportaiit  1 


(■  Vbr.-.tol  C'Ol.rMIU 


W 

KMIMRKS,  KINGD 


CO!  NTIUKS, 

cniKs, 

TOWNS, 

EUROPE 

Tngfllicr  Willi  tlifir  irrprc'tuf  Si 

MiiK-.,  Met; 

\\'itli  ;iii  Alt  (111  111  (i(  the  Rtli.'Mu-, 

TIlfM   .Uts,  ! 

Ahd  c.\.ii"t  f)cli  ri|itioii 

Complete  HIS'].\ 

A!ui    111  Accmiiit  ul  thi'  r 

IIP    WHOI  [,  roUMINc 

U  ivui.h  ii  :n/r:<.t.,.     /\   to  ti 


\  coiupktc  (it  iDi;  tc 


► 


I..K.«i|.'     , 


Captain  CO< 


B\  ion,  Cart 


With  .!  |Mrtii.iil,ir 

COLLEC 


^TBy  iIk'   Rtv.  TIK 


%  *''^ 


; 


tiiibcUilhtil  ».■,.  t,...,    K^u  Hi.n.liiMi  e 


ij^f 


NDON:  I'KiNTH)  to 
lA  1 II,  umsrot, 
i-LuuchSi  y 

NLVVI 


^^'^ 


\  NEW  A^Tr)  AUTHENTIC 

SYSTEM  OF  UNIVERSAL 

GEOGRAPHY, 

A  N  r  I  !•:  NT    AND    MOD  E  R  N  : 

1  N  (■  1  f  n  I  N  I. 
All  till  l.ito  liniiortaiU  DmtuviRir-.s  niailc  l\v  tlu-  Enclijii,  aiul  other  i.i.lobr.ucd  Navioator-j  vi 

v;iri()U.s  N.\  1  i(;N  ,  in  the  ciiti'crciit  Hcniiluliercs, 

IRON    1  il  1. 

( ■  'vbrr.tcd  CO  1,1  \i  HI  S,  iIr'  i  i  ;< ,  i   Disiii\  i  h  i:r  mj  Ami;r  ic  \,  tn  tlu-  Wm\\  ri  lur  no  Ids  tcli;brati.il 

(.ouiitrvm.ui  t'Ai' I  mn  COOK,  Jvii. 

CiEM^lNE  HISTORY  AND  bESCRIITlON 

W  H  O  L  E     W  O  R  L  D, 

E.NH'IRES,  KINGDOMS,  STATES,  REPIHUCS,  PRON  INC  F.S,  CONTINENTS. 

ISLANDS,  OCEANS,  \:c. 


i\ 


rOlNTRn-.S,  1  I'ROMON  lORU-lS, 

CIIIKS.  i  lAl'KS, 

TOWNS,  (  r.AVS, 


I'KNINSl'LAS, 
ISIIIMUSSI-.S, 
GLLl'US, 

I  H  K  (1  r  <^  H  <)  r  r 


RIVKRS,  ,  MOl  NTAIXS, 

IIARHOLKS,     \'()l.(ANOS. 
LAKhS,  DKShRl.s,  ;<... 


EUROPE,  ASIA,  AFRICA,  AND  AMERICA: 

Tiijjotlicr  with  tlitir  rrl|)fo"tnf  Sitiiati.in^,  l-.\ti:i',  L.ititiuli-,  Loi:-    Huk-,  liouiuiai  ic,  Climates,  ^ojl,  iiatiir:il  ;iiui   art.iiMil  Curio;it:f>, 

Mine,  Metal,,  Mim-cil-,   Trcfs,  Shriihs,  Flints,  Flowc.s,  Htrlis,  aiul  Venctablo  l'ii)itv.i->ioiis 

XX'iti'i  an  Anniint  of  the  Rtln'inr,  Law   ,(.  iiUmiib,  Manners,  liiiii  in,  Halm^,  Amiilemcnts  amtCtreniuniCj  ot  the  refpcaivc  Inhabitants. 

Then  .\it>.,  Sciences,  Miiuilaitiirci,  Trade,  Cnnmicue,  Mihtaiy  ami  Civil  CiDveinnienti,  A:i.. 

Alli)  rx.u'l  Detuiplion,  iif  tlic  variou  .  Kinds  of  Hearts  liirils,  I  illie,  aiiiphihious  Creatures,  Rcptilc),  Infcfti,  &;c 

CompktcHlSTCRY  of  every  EMPIRE,  KINGDOM,  and  ST  ATE. 

Alli)    111  Atciiiint  ul  the  molt  uin;irk,i'.i!>-  l!\TTi.i  ^,  Sirci,,  Si  >-nr.ini,  anJ  various  Rt von;  i  uins  that  have  taken 

I'hup  in  ditfeifnt  I'arts  ot  the  WoiKI. 

I  111     WH'II  I.  ruHMlNC    AN    M'TIIINTIC   ASP  INTTUT     INIM;   ACfOlNT  OF  lA  I  R  .     rHIN(^   \M)KlliY  01'  NOTtC^ 

THKIM  ciiorr  Tllh    WHOM    1AC1-.  OK  NArl'KF,  BOril  BY   LAND   AND  U  ATI  R 

U  u-'ii^li  il  ;niix!..<-. ./,  n  illufrMe  th,   U'diI,  a  <o'tlt.liahU-  ^■t. />•■..•  of  t''f  nt-i  ru\:ir.iii-  WHOLE  SIlEli  t    M.I  I'll,  /jiriinf 

A   COMPLE^J  E  ATLAS. 

T.   .i'  .  .i(l,!,-,( 

A  coir.plctc  (it  11)11  toGKoi.i'.  M'liv,  AhTRONOMV,  the  Use  of  the  Globes,  Maps,  &:c. 

Ri/r,  I'lrpcfs,  and  ptr lent  Stiitc,  of  Xuvtv^at'inn^  ihioug/ynt!  the  knoii'n  H'oilJ. 

I.i„~»il.'  ...iil.r.M.i.   .        i' .in;»  :mi';,  .ntrK-lt".,;.  31U1  .  ,:     ,i    .    1 1 1  St  I  )\  I  K  V  iIii.hu' I.  .  n  :  1  .•  W  IIOI.I'  .  I 

Captain  COOK's  VOYAGES  Round  the  World. 

Toi^eihu  wi'Ji  iliou  ii:  otlitr   Mopik  ,  Ci  ki  i.  mn  svn,  a  i  ohs,   paititiilarlv  '< 

B\  ion,  Caiti-R't,  W'aUls,  Gierke,  Gore,  King,  Forrell,  ;ind  Wihbn. 

PEl'eXV i'SLAN  DS. 

Latejl  Accoimts  of  the   Enirlijb  Cnlom  of  BOTAKV  BAY: 

With  .'.  iMitieular  Dincuiption   ot  POR'l'   JACKSON,   NORFOLK  ISLAND,  &.. 
Win.Rl.    IHK  CONVICIS"  AKK  NOW  SKriLKD. 

nil    XWI'HI    VD'.MIN'J   A  coMri.rii. 

COLLECTION  of   VOYACiES  and  TRAVELS. 

*By  the   Rev. 'rilONL\S  BANKKS,  Vieiu  of  Dixton,  in  Monmouthshire, 

/■'./     .'./' /    /■:.    Ci:',J>h:,i-,    F.:'-r!y  IhhU. 

I  l>\\  \R1)  W  \KRF:\  Br.AKK,  Lk;. 
AI.KXANDi.K  COOK,   Klu. 
■      Ami  TIJOM  \S   I.I.OVI).' 


I  i:  !!'i 


O     L 


I''  art  ,  \c-  r^ffutcd  in  x  niuL!i  fiipcriui  Sw'x  Ihaii  .my  \\  .<iit  \.\  ific  like  KitTct  that  tus  v\tx  .ippcin-il  m  il.is  Kingdom 


...^ 


;L)0N;  i'KiNii-,1)  ton  (".  COOKK,  No.  17,  I'a  1  kr-nosirr-Row,  and  soid  ky  iiik  nooKstLLr rs  s>f 

r  \  1  11,    IIKISTOL,    BIRMINGHAM,    t  A  Nl  K  K  111' R  V,    lAMBRlUGK,    (OVENrRV,    IHI.ilKR,    I'l.RUV,    tKIln, 

(.LOUlkSlKR,  HI.  Rtl  URII,  IHII.L,   UIV  U  II,   I.  tlMls,   lIVtRI'UUL,   I.Kll  rSTTR,  MANCIll  -  1  I  1  , 

NliWCAIIIl,    NORWICH,    NO  I  riNllHAM,    NOR  1 11  A  M  1' TO  N  ,    O.MOKl),    R  li  A  I  , 

SAMIIUKY,    SHtRRORN,    SHtlhlMK,    SHRI:  VVSIUI  K  V,    WORlt     TtR, 

wiNeiirsi  hR,  YORK:    and  rv    am.  oihsr 

BOOksH.LKRS    IN     tNlilANP, 

SCOTI    VNP,     ANU 

lie  LAND. 


I'l 


UNL 

1 
Including 

i 


'  -H. 


V  /  ■">  u 


IN  treating  of  thri 
h;iM",  with  pcci 
dcfcriptions  ot Our 
America  will  alVurd 
10  rentier  our  ;\cto 
a  defcription  of  ilu 
bii.ig  to  view  new  c 
f)lk-nis.  Hut  [irev 
important  lii(l«.ri(  a 
nude  of  A 11. erica  li 
v\\h  due  propriet 
down,  as  well  as  ti 


FIRST 


As  few  or  nodil 
figaf.'.ti'  and 
n-orc  .m^jOiunt  co 
deem  it  expedient  t 
llaniial  detail  of  th 

This  was  made  i 
clofc  of  which,  Vc 
the  means  of  thei 
the  greatelt  marit 
\oyag''s,  fome  of  > 
veral  i  iprovement 
but  the  knowledge 
hardly  extending  1 
true  lyftem  of  the 
pc  fctt  notions  ent( 
magnitude  of  the  « 
conjc(fturc. 

In  this  ftatc  oft 
live  of  Genoa,  a  m 
ledge  of  the  m.itli 

foraric"!  in  genera 
ndies  by  an  unki 
his  country  a  new  I 
plan  being  prilent 
rcjcdlcii  a-^  v.ii;iie  a 
rated  at  their  iingi 
touiu  of  I  raiirc, 
No.  4?. 


w^ 


'^s* 


A    NEW,    ROYAL    AUTHENTIC, 

And     COMPLETE     SYSTEM     of 

UNIVERSAL   GEOGRAPHY; 


BOOK        IV. 

AMERICA, 

Including  the  New  Difcovcrics  on  the  Continent  and  iHands  off  the  Coaft. 

INTRODUCTION. 

IN  tri'atinp;  of  thofi-  parts  of  tlie  worlil  which  have  alrcaJy  come  under  ronfidcration,  viz.  Ada  and  Africa,  we 
ha\e,  with  peculiar  care,  collected,  and,  in  full  ciilpliy,  prcfentcd,  bo'.h  the  New  Difcovcrics,  and  the  Itriking 
defcriptions  of  our  cclel'rated  countryman  Cnpijiii  Cook,  am),  we  truft,  td  the  fatisfadtion  ot  our  numerous  readers. 
America  will  aft'urd  us  no  Ids  fiope  liir  i;ratifuation,  nor  llial!  we  be  lefs attentive,  or  lefs  remifs  in  our  endeavours, 
to  rentier  our  ;iccouni  of  thi-.  part  of  the  world  as  inlhucti>e  an  I  entertaining  as  either  of  the  former;  to  which 
a  defcription  of  the  dirtlrcnt  countries  therein  explored  by  our  eminent  Navigator  will  much  conduce,  as  it  will 
bii.igto  view  new  countries,  new  men,  and  new  m.inners,  as  well  as  exhibit  novelty  in  the  ariimal  and  vegetable 
f\  lU-ii's.  Hut  previous  to  this  and  in  conformity  to  the  order  of  our  plan,  as  well  as  our  defire  to  prefervc  every 
important  liilurK  al  event,  it  is  expedient  that  we  lliouiu  iniroduce  a  circumftantial  narrative  of  the  lirft  difcovery 
m  idc  of  All. erica  by  the  great  Columbus  together  with  a  general  defcription  of  the  country;  to  which  will  ("ucceed, 
vith  due  proprict),  the  difcovcrics  of  our  no  Id's  celebrated  countryman  explain  Cook',  and  tend  to  hand  him 
down,  as  Well  as  the  former,  to  future  ages,  as  a  character  worthy  of  univerliil  admiration. 


C     H     A     P. 


I. 


FIRST  DISCOVERY  of  AMERICi\  by  COLUMBUS. 


As  few  or  no  difcoveries  havedifplaycd  more  human 
figac.ti'  and  relolution,  or  been  attended  with 
rore  in^oiunt  confequences  than  that  of  America,  we 
deem  it  expedient  to  prefent  our  readers  with  a  circum- 
tlantial  detail  of  that  intcrelling  event. 

This  was  made  in  the  fifteenth  century,  towards  the 
clofc  of  which,  Venice  and  Genoa  were  become,  thro' 
the  means  of  their  commerce  with  the  eallein  worlil, 
the  greatell  maritime  powers  in  Europe.  I'requent 
voyag'"s,  fomeofwhidi  were  of  extent,  intnxJucid  II- 
veral  i  iprovements  in  the  practical  part  of  nivif^r-ujon  j 
but  the  knowledge  of  mankind  was  lUll  very  in  ,)ci  feci, 
hardly  cxtcndmg  beyond  their  lenlible  horizon.  The 
true  lyftcm  of  the  world  was  unknown;  and  the  im- 
pc  fcdt  notions  entertained  with  regard  to  the  ligurc  and 
magnitude  of  the  earth,  had  no  other  foundation  than 
conjciflurc. 

In  this  ftatc  of  things  Chriflophcr  Columbus,  a  na- 
tive of  Genoa,  a  man  ol  afpiring  genius,  whole  know- 
ledge of  the  matheiiKUiC:.  exceeded  that  of  lus  cotem- 
foraries  in  general,  conceived  a  plan  ot  f.iling  to  the 
ndies  by  an  unknown  route,  and  thereby  o|iening  to 
his  country  a  new  fojice  of  opulence  and  pinver.  '1  his 
plan  bcitig  prcfentcd  to  his  louiitiymen,  and  by  them 
rcjeilted  a-^  \.i);ue  and  chiiiurical,  L'olumlHi-,  cxal|'e- 
rated  at  their  ungenerous  treatment,  laid  it  hetore  iiic 
touns  of  I  ian(  e,  England,  and  I'ortu^al,  who  like- 
No.  4:. 

ur\-^V^ 


M  ife  fpurncdat  it  as  imaginary,  and  reprobated  the  prin- 
ciples on  which  it  was  founded  as  abiiird  an  I  illu;ive. 
His  lall  rcfource  was  the  court  of  Spain,  where,  after 
e;ght  years  attendance,  he  furceeded  t'>iough  the  fpe- 
cial  patro:iagc  of  (.Jueen  Ifabclla,  confort  of  King  p"cr- 
dinand.  This  priiv  efs  raifed  money  nccelliirv  tor  the 
detigii  upon  her  own  jewels;  fo  that  lie  fail.d,  to  his 
inexpreinhle  joy,  wuh  three lliips,  in  thc\ear  1492,00 
a  voyage,  in  the  event  of  which  the  nihabitanrs  of  two 
worlds  were  concerned. 

In  this  arduous  attempt  Columbus  had  many  diffi- 
culties to  eiKountcr.  He  had  no  chart  to  dife(5t  him, 
no  lii;his  from  firmer  navigators  ;  to  which  was  added 
the  dcfpon.iency  of  his  faiiors,  who,  on  their  vo\age, 
threateiic  i  to  throw  him  overhoa.-d,  and  inliflcd  on 
their  r. turn.  At  length,  however,  when  his  own  in- 
vention a, id  hopes  were  ncaily  exhaufted,  they  fir" 
nately  dilciueied  lani.,  alter  a  voyage  of  73  da.s,  whiw. 
put  an  er.d  to  the  commotion,  fu  that  h;s  comm..nds 
were  obe\ed  with  alacrity. 

Columbis  firll  landed  on  one  of  the  Uaiiama  Illes. 
The  pco,  !e,  on  the  i  ith  of  October,  1+9:,  difcovered 
a  lig  ii  upon  ihc  llland  Guanahani,  which  theadniiial 
called  St.  Sal \ador,  as  it  delivered  him  and  his  crew 
from  .mpendiir.;  deHru^tion.  Here  he  f  iwled  the  roval 
llandarJ,  and  took  poIfelTion  of  the  illjnd,  by  the  ap- 
pellation of  St.  Salvador,  in  the  name  of  thsir  Catholic 
6  .V  Majefties. 


•^, 


! 
I 

.'V 


'•l.'iul: 


!l' 


I    u 


46i  A  NCW.  ROYAL  and  AUini-NTIC  SVSTI-M  ok  UNIVKKSAL  (il.OC.IiAl'HY. 


Ma  ediff.      llii'  lidiaiis,    ii;n.onint   of  his    iiitciHion,  ^ 
nude  n)  opj-olition,   Ix-mg  aiiiutVil  \*it!i  ihc  -Kni-ky  , 
jn  1  ^  I'.tiT  ifiimrs  toy.  .iiui  tiiiikifs  win.  h  filumlnis 
orJcreJ  to  I'c  diilribut^.i  ;iii.o:i;j;  rh -m.      1  hill-  p.-iplc  ^ 
wxic  rnurilv  niikcil.  ( t  ihc  ini.'Ak  Ihturf.  aiul  an  ol'Vf 
c.>i-.  pli'Mon'.      Ihcir  icitur;.'!  were  rceular,  cxcti.tini;  ' 
thcii   loril-.catls,    which  \ure  rather  out  ot  propuri ion. 
Thfir  hair,   wiich,   as  v.ill  a;  ihcir  lyr.,  \.  isMuk,  , 
vas  innllly  cropj-td  arout  their  c.irs.     home  |\»in"i)  i 
ihcT  uholc  l-(5Jic3,  othcrj  only  their  faces,  with  a  kii.d  i 
ot'f.iin'ilh  n\l.     M'i\y  ol' thi-m  haJ  onvmuiUi  p  n  laii:  i 
f'oni  thf  iv>il-  over  tiic  ii;>|ht  hp.      Tl.cy  t.  I'o.\,J  the 
fl rangers  lo  their  liiips,  foim.- U  imining,  a:ul(:iher'in 
canoes.     'Ihc  arulcs  c(  cxcha:ii;e   thev    hrini,h:   on 
heard  were  parrots  a:id  cctton  yarn.     'I'hr/  e:>preirai 
the  h'ghtft  r,it;sJ"a:tioii  with  the  luropeaiU'iiiiro.lir.es;  | 
but  ).azed  with  peculiar  deiii;ht  at  the;r  f.w  r.:i  and  | 
fliining  arms,  beiiii^  at  that  time  ignorant  n:  the  iiie  of  i 
jion.  ! 

Having  t.ikcn  a  fiirvcv  ofthi-  and  fewri!  I'lher  ill.in.i-.  ^ 
adiarcnt,   and  being  coaviined,   tViiii  the  [iLcity   "I 
the  inhabitants,  thu  thefe  could  not  be  the  Indies  he  | 
vas   111  quell   ct',    Cokin.hus   lleeied  lo  t!'.e  I'lnitlinaid, 
and  diftdvcred  t!;c  ifiin.i  (ailed  by   him   1 1  IpaiiK'la, 
abirnding  in  all  the  nece(r.;rii.J  of  hCe,  inhabited  'n   a 
hiimaiu-  and  hofpitable  [copl.-,  and,  what  \.a^  ol  (lill  , 
greater  confeqiience,  I'lomili:  j?;,  tioni  fomc  lan.phs  he 
had  rrceiv(d,  coiifuicrable  iiuai'tities  ot  i^old  and  pre- 
cious  llnnes.     This  illand,    thereiiire,    he  pro;  Mid  to 
make  the  cent;r  of  his  tuture  d;l',l)vene^ ;  and  havmi;  , 
erected  a  foi:,  and  plai  id  in  i:  a  fimll  irairiiini,  he  faded 
for  S;  am,  to  prociin  r.ecellaiv  reinloieenunr:;  t.  r  ella-  . 
blillun.-  h.>  iiifint  colony, an  ii  miipletinghisdilVdUTies. 
'1  he  .'^p^.nilh  KUirt  «as  then  at  r.aneiona,  w'lM'.li  he 
had  entered  aniidll  tl'.e  ai  ci.imat'ons  ol  the  pco;  le,  at- 
tended by  fomc  of  the  .Xii.eruar.s,  aruned  in  the  Lold, 
the  arms,   an.l  ornaii  ent.--,  of  the  New  Woild  jiill  dil- 
co'.  cred.     He  had  the  h  mom  of  |)rcfentin,n  to  the  king 
and  queen,  in  the  i>ref  nee  ot  the  «h(.lc  court,  u  paiti- 
cidar  aciount  of  his  difeoveries,  and  received  the  uiii- 
verl'.d  ai'plaiile  ol  t!  e  [vdillc. 

hut  re.'ardlefs  ot  liono.  rs,  the  pri  feiirion  of  his 
ma.n  dJign  cn;.',roli'cd  the  attennoa  (,f  Loh.niiiiis;  .niii 
as  his  late  fuccefs  lad  ()b\iaied  toinier  pri  j.dii  u,  a 
fleet  of  17  lail  was  in,med  ately  eq.iipped,  uith  ail  ne- 
cciraiits  for  conqiielt  or  dilcovir. ,  ai.d  isoo  iiv  n  cin- 
baikcd,  amonir  whom  were  fon-.c  of  the  b-lt  families  in 
Spain.  Thus  prepared,  he  lit  fail  a  licon.'  time,  in 
Sept.mher  149  j,  wndi  an  ample  conmiilTii)n,  as  ^;)\cr- 
no;'  ol  all  the  Cl)unt!!e^  he  lI'.oiiLI  dil':o\er. 

On  Ids  arrival  at  f  Iifp  mob,  he  fonnd  th.e  fort  he  h.id 
crc:ttd  dcinililind,  an.l  moft  of  the  Span'ards  mur- 
dered. It  appcarid  u|.on  ec.mimatinn,  tl.ar  thev  had 
vio  a;ed  tne  la.vs  ot  decency  and  j.irtu  c  in  tlxir  beha- 
viour towards  the  natives,  to  whole  tefentmei't  ti.ev  ha.) 
thert'ore  fillen  victmis.  ('(uumbus,  however,  fo.ir.l 
means  to  conciliate  the  mind',  of  the  lndi.in>,  v.hich 
being  ellectcd,  he  chofe  a  m^ire  commodious  Italion  lor 
his  colony,  erected  Ihoni^er  fonilications  th.in  the  for- 
mer, encouraged  aj.'^ricuhiire,  and  e.\cited  every  elfoit 
for  the  ell  ibhihn.ent  of  the  r  lio.ny. 

In  his  firll  voyage  he  h.id  touched  at  t'lilu;  but 
w  i-,cthcr  It  WMs  an  illand,  cr  part  <il  fcmie  extentivc  i  on- 
tinciit,  could  njt  tlien  be  afcertained;  tl'.eveforc,  to 
determine  this  was  now  iiis  grar.d  obje.t.  !n  coaliiny 
along  the  foiithern  Ihore  of  Cuba,  he  found  a  multitude 
of  Imall  illaiuls,  molf  of  tlum  plcalant,  aii.l  will  inha- 
bited. I  his  archipelago  he  (ailed  Jardin  dc  la  Re\  ;ia, 
the  f^icen  s  CJarden,  in  gratitude  to  hi,  henefactiels 
Cjuecn  Kiibella.  In  this  voyage  he  difcovcred  the  lllind 
nf  l.imaica;  and,  aft(  r  a  firiesot  the  greatell  tlaniv  rs 
and  dillrifs,  pnt  into  I  Iifpaniola,  witliout  accomplilh- 
in,;  his  giand  di-li_ii  rifpeeting  Cuba. 

liut  as  there  is  no  dilViculiy  in  finding  fpecious 
grounds  for  aecufation  againll  fuch  as  are  employed  in 
the  execution  of  extenlive  and  co.iiplicaiedi  plans,  thro" 
the  b.ife  inlinuation  ot  his  enemies,  an  ollicer  was  dil*- 
pat^ lied  from  .S;)ain,    whole  pvcl'eiicc  dcm  nilliated  tj 


Colim.biis  the  necellitv  «f  retiirniii;^  to  I'aiiope.  to  <■!)- 
viate  the  lalummes  ol  his  eiuniies. 

Haviii):  furmounied  thife  oillaile-,  lie  fet  out,  in 
i4i(S,  on  a  thud  i.xpedit.on.  Hi  1  11  ore  impciria.it  th.^n 
the  lormer.  In  thi.s  navi;;  itii  11,  a'ter  being  long  bu- 
riid  m  a  thick  lo;;,  and  lulVeri"g  iv.m.brlels  hardlhipi 
fror.i  th.e  c\celii\e  hc.iis  and  rai;;.  i  etweeii  the  trojiiLv, 
heitdc.iuicd  the  ci'n:in(  nt  ot  .\ni(  lU'a.  '!>.c  I'lril  I.iiul 
he  made  w.is  th.e  1(1 '.ml  of  I  linid.iila,  on  the  cmtl  of 
(iuiana.  After  p.ii'ing  this  ill  itvd,  and  two  (ifh.cis  1)  ing 
at  the  II  oiith  ol  the  river  Onion  ?ko,  the  aiimiral  wu 
furpiizcvl  at  lindiiig  his  lliip  agitate.!  by  a  dreadful  con- 
tlut  ot  Mavcs,  o((alioned  betvwen  the  tide  ol  the  fca, 
and  the  tapid  >  tiiient  ot'  that  imii.enl'e  liver.  Intrepid- 
ly piirliiiiig  lii.s  coiiife,  he  loon  pcneived  ll  at  thev 
Were  ;n  lulli  «aier;  and  judging  rig.hilv,  tha'  no  dl  uul 
could  hipl'ly  fo  \all  a  ruer,  he  l)(f.a.i  to  I'lfj.ia  he  luul 
(life ovfnd  tiie  continent ;  but  «h(ii  he  h  It  the  iivcr, 
I'nd  foiinil  rl'.'t  the  land  continued  on  to  the  wcllward 
for  a  great  w.i},  he  was  convin  e.l  ol  it.  Sati>tie.l,  in 
fume  I!  eafure,  vvithtiis  dileovei),  he  \ieldid  to  the 
cries  of  his  liiltrclfed  crew,  and  borcawav  f.ir  Hifna- 
ii!(.la.  In  the  coiT.c  ot  the  p.alia  e  ie  Lmdeil  at  tevei.iL 
pla.  ■  •.,   a'lvl  traded  with  the  inhabitants  tor  gold  ai.u 

prail. 

In  a  fubfcijiient  \.vn;;e,  being  ilie  fourth,  '"olim  l)i' 

dil'(o\(  lid  .11  ll  eco.ill  (  I    I'eria  lirnui  to  the  11(1  nitisot 

Panen,  «l'.ere  he  "nope.!  to  have  found  a  p.illiige  intr 

the  ^'outh  Sea.     In  this  he  was  dil'app.iinnd -.    but  he 

was  not  fo  in  the  otiier  p.ut  of  ius  pioj.cl ;  f.)r  every 

wl  ere,  as  he  ad.an.  ed,  he  1  ecaine  11  ore  Icndlile  ot  the 

value  ot  his  diieoveries  on  ti;e  coiKiiKiit.      lleto;.:id  a 

peo]  le  more  civili/id,   and  more  abouniii.ng  m  g.,1.1, 

I   tuan  tl  e  lllanlers  with  whom  he  had  hci  n  a.  ijuaiiud. 

I       'i  he  liuiels  1)1  Columbus  roul' d  a  ipirit  01  iliin)'. en  ; 

]  and  advinturers  in  divers  parts  ot  hurope,    l!i.,  u.ated 

j  bv  a  thirl!  for  gold,  equipi  id  lli  ps  at  their  own  cx- 

!   pence.     '1  he  moll  remaiLible  ot   thel'e  was  .\menc..s 

j   Vefpiicio,  a  merchant  ol   Morence,    who  tailed  to  the 

'   fouthern  contneiit  ot  .Ammica,  and  benig  a  man  i.f  ad- 

,   drels,  found  means  to  acijiiire  th.e  h.oi-.o.ir  o!  givm.;  lis 

I    11  inu- ro  half  the  globe.      Hut  no  one  is  now  im|.o!ii1o;» 

I   by  the  r.ai.e,  1  r  th.e  g!ory  ol  the  ui!'co\er\  is  a'.-.aucJ 

,    by  the  wltolc  uorld  to  Columbia. 

.■"i.ih,  h.ovvcvcr,  wcrettieii'a  iiimtions  of  ii-al  ce  and 
envy,  a!'..l  lui  h  the  ell'ect  of  thecal  ■mnv  ol  his  t  iv  mie.s 
at  t  i  cwirt  (.f  S[)ain,  in  depriC.atiii ;  the  nuiits  o'  il>.i.s 
gr..'.'  m..:i,  th  it  h.-  was  fent  lor  to  I'.urope  i^^nomin  oullvr 
I  i.ute.l  v.i'.h  teiteis.  The  ((un  ot  S).aiil,  liovuvir,  on 
his  a.iiV.d,  oideied  him  to  be  let  at  hliertv,  and  difa- 
vo'.ed  the  pro.-ee.ling.  Columhiis  re-ired  i;\  dil';ull  to 
\a  lido'id,  vih-rehedied  in  1  coft,  alter  hav  i-v^  render- 
I  ed  fiiJi  imporiant  I'ervices  to  mankind,  as  viill  iranf- 
'■">t  hii  nan.e  wit'i  honour  to  tiie  latcd  |V)lleritv. 

.SiKCceding  adventurers  purl"  ci  no  form  or  plan  in 

their  U!.deitaking«,  gohl  being  their  object,    to  obtain 

wldch  they  followed  loitune  whoriver  the  led  them. 

'lh\v   co;-,trib;ited,    houcver,    to  augment   the  power 

:  and  riches  of  the  Spnnilli  monni(  hv,  tl'oiii'h  at  the  ex- 

'   pence  of  the   blooil  ot  millions.     Thus  the   kini'sof 

Spain,    without  any  exertion  of  policv,    or  the  kalt 

public  cliarge,    were,    by   private   adventurers   aicoiig 

;   their  luhjcct';,  put  in  poU'eiiion  ot  a  greater,  and  more 

I   wealthy  teriitorv,  than  ever  tne  moli  renowned  heroes 

;   h.id  obtained  by  their  valour  or  their  vv  ifelom.     This 

I  conv]ueiV  is  the  more  extr.ioidinary  for  the  lliortnels  of 

'  the  time  in  which  it  wa.s  elleeted  ;  for,  fiom  t'.u-  .lepar- 

lure  ot  (..oinmlnis  in  141^:,   to  the  ei.tiie  reduetioii  ot' 

Chill,    whiih   happened  in    i!;4i,    fi  veial  co.uideial-Ie 

,   kingdoms  were  brought  to  liibmit  to  the  Spani.h  voke. 

,   We  Ih.ill  poiii:  m.t  by  whom,  and  the  ma mer  i  1  uhicli 

thefe  exjiloits  were  pcrlormed,  iin.ler  the  head*  of  eacli 

relpevtive  country,  and  after  havini;  treated  of  \merica 

in  geiier.d,  began  with  the  difcovciies,  dcl'criptions,  (Xe. 

ofourBntilh  Columbus,  (Ji>iMn  Cnk. 


C    II     A     1\ 


"•;■<".•  to  ( i). 

ic  fiT  ();ir,  in 

i;'('i;;;.it  [lun 

KK  il.iiillliipj 
'lit-  iriiji;i.^, 

■|>.i-  lirll  l.iiul 
tfif  I  I'll)   (if 

I'rr.T.it'ulcon- 
'*■-■  nt  th,'  (en, 
Ii;ir4j)ni- 
I  tl  at  tiKV 
a-  i:o  lOartl 
^1,  111  lu-  liail 

It    tllC    IIMT, 

\i;i-l!L'.l,  III 
;i!.l.(J  Id  tl'.c 
av  f..r  Hilpa- 

>in!  .1!  tVMj.iI 

'',  '"hI'.iii  l)r  1 

1  •  lit   nr.iiot' 

pili.'ij;c    iiuc 

Uui;   "LuI    h  = 

i ;  t.ir  ticry 
e:i.;:)Ii.-  el  ciic 

iii:iK  inh-,.l.i. 
n  .!•  ijti.iiii!iiJ. 

I'l  iliko'.  crv; 
•.  If  I..  u..itcd 
hc:r  (ivwi  IX- 

WIS      \llKliC,  S 

lailcj  III  the 
j;aiiia'i..f  ail- 

■  "I  ^;;w;i^'  Im 

'«  lllij.olul  ();| 
r\  li  a  «  a:  Jed 

iirira)  i\-  and 
>l  his  ( rv  niK-s 

MU  Ills  ()'    l|;i,S 

giuiiuiii  oudv' 
iiottixir,  on 
y,  a-u)  (!ii'a- 
'  i.i  (!ii;;ii(l  to 
avin<_f  rcnilcr- 
s  «ill  iraii!- 
h-rin. 

in  or  pi  in  i-i 
'.  fo  oluaiii 
ii."  Inl  ihiiii. 
i  t'.i'  |o\itr 
■h  at  tlu-  ex- 
ilic kiiK.'sof 
or  tiK'  kaft 
iicrs  anontr 
fi  and  iii'irr 
«IK<1  heroes 
III"").  This 
I'liortiicls  of 
II  the  .lepar- 
rtvluvtio.i  (,f 
eoiii.lcial'li" 
pani;h  vokc. 
'lor  i'l  «hic!i 
fail<  (ircacli 
(if  America 
■HJtioiis,  oic. 


1 1     A     1'. 


[    ^"J    ] 


c    II    A    r 


II. 


G  E  N  K  R  A  L     D  E  S  C  R  1  P  T  I  O  N     of     A  AI  i:  R  I  C  A. 


'^r'HiS  vail  iraek,  frequently  ilonoiTiinated  the  New 
A  \Vo:lJ,  eKtiT,i.l<  lioi.i  laiitiulc  7S  de;4i;ei  north, 
to  !aiitale  31)  ile^iees  fouth,  that  i>  ijf  lie  ice^. 
vhich,  taken  in  a  (tiaiL  line,  anwiunts  to  S04O  1111  ■.«  in 
Icnyt).  lis  hicadth  is  various,  l)emL',  in  lonie  I'laees, 
■j6.p  iniles,  and  in  Mihers  not  al-.ovc  ho  or  --o.  It 
io  Ills  a  part  of  ivith  hetnilpiiei'-,  .nit  l)oa!i .  all  ihe 
difi'eient  climates  of  the  catth.  It  is  bounde.l  on  the 
iv)it.:  by  nnknouii  linils.  on  the  fouth  by  the  Southern 
(Xean,  on  the  -all  by  the  Atlin;!i:  Oecan,  an.)  on  the 
well  In  the  liiea  i'.icitii  C)<  can.  IK  means  of  thelc 
fcis  it  1  allies  on  a  il:re:t  coii.nieiec  \wtii  ihc  other  iiu\e 
pan.  of  ilic  worl.!. 

Aiiierii  3,  );e;.era!ly  confidercil,  eonfi'.ls  of  t«o  cxtcn- 
five  tiiiitineiUs,  tOiiKvi  to:.>t'KT  by  a  iiarro.»  I'.e.k  o! 
land,  called  the  lllhiini/ot  Ivarien,  and  dilbii  nnilud 
by  the  appellanoin  of  North  and  .•^t;u;ii.  A  f^ieat  va- 
riety of  iilanJ.  are  fjafcrjd  on  borh  lidrs  of  Aiiicnca. 
Severtl  on  the  i;oith-\*<U  coa;t  \\c\x  d^lcoveivd  by 
('.!p:,vn  C'^'k.  0.1  a  iiri'e  j^iii;>li,  loiincd  by  tlie  eoills 
»)f  ihe  noith  rn  mii  loiitiieni  (Mntments,  an  1  iLole  ot 
the  llh.nius  i)(  l),i:.n,  lie  a  muli.i  ;deol  ill.nds  11, any 
<if  tl.eiii  lar.Lf.',  and  null  of  l':em  fertile.  They  are 
calleJ  the  \Veil  Indies,  an.i  v-i!',  as  well  s.i  .ill  the  lell, 
be  defer. bcil  in  then'  proper  I'idtr. 

■ihiuiiih  .\nu  rica  i-;  not,  in  ^';encral,  a  ni,;i!n:ai  1- 
onse.iuntry,  it  i  as  tlej^reatcll  inountain>in  the  ".uriJ. 
\n  .^:,' ith  .\iiieii  a  tlu  .\i.de,  run  .'nnn  ivitli  :■>  loiiih 
alon";  t  e  eoall  ot  the  IV.ilic  Ocean.  Tl.ey  excnd 
from  the  i,"'iiii.b  I  f  !).ir:en  t.i  the  .Straits  ot  Niaj.  Han, 
t!!'  -fie  the  foiulieMi  pai:s  o.  .\mer.ea,  .uiii  run  a  kiij^tti 
ol  I).  .  •  ;.  and  s(X)o  Knt^iiili  nules.  In  Nouli 
America  aie  fe .  n  dli  .i-ui  .\(nl:\e  chains,  tl.e 
principal  ol  \^ll,^-ll  a.^  ca.Lu  i.ie  Ai^'.enna;,  o:  .'ipai.i- 
cliian  inou.it  i.'.s. 

Ni  rtii  Ainer.e.i  i;  \vi:ercd  by  many  rivc:s,  tl.e  moil 
If  larka'-.le  ot  uiueh  «.li  be  iltlVribed  in  tiuir  relpei  - 
tiv  i'Hnince-i.  Tl.e  iiver  Min.iiipp:,  i.liii<;  fiom  un- 
kncwn  fources,  nn.s  a  pidthg  o...s  court--  t.o.u  n :'rt!i  to 
fouth.  I'lerc  are  live  j'reat  laki...,  win  h,  connnuni- 
catin'/  with  laeh  other,  atfiMd  a  m.ill  id-  ni  a_i:,e;)'.is  in- 
It  for  ciMunuice.  Manv  pait.  .ire,  iniltai,  Io  nucr- 
luted  with  n.ivig.ible  rivets  and  creek-,  th.it  numbers 
of  [it  inters  may  lie  taid  to  ha\e  e.u:h  an  latiumr  at  his 
OM  II  itoor. 

.Siiitii  An. erica  ha<  three  rf  t;-,e  laif.'eH  r  .ers  in  the 
uorid,  ilic  rivir  ot  the  .\ma/.on^,  li.e  river  I'la'a,  and 
the  ii\v  r  Oio.iiioko. 

A  eouiUty  of  lueii  pn.ilijflous  extent  as  America  on 
each  file  ot  the  ei]u  nor,  .mill  n-;ellaril)  iiave  a  v.M.ety 
ol'foil>  as  well  as  i  iim.ite--. 

It  IS  very  renuiikablc  that  che  climates  of  Nortli 
Anicrica  a/e  colder,  by  many  degree-,  ti.aa  any  ol 
the  CD.intric.s  in  the  fame  la  itudc  in  l-.urope,  1  bus 
New  nri:ain,  wlich  is  nearly  in  the  famclatit.idc  with 
Gieat  Britain,  is  alnmtl  mfuiieiably  cold  to  an  huio- 
pean.  The  '!;ie  itJt  part  of  the  tro/.cn  couniry  ot  Neu- 
founvllind,  t'le  Fuy  ot  .St,  Laurence,  and  tape  ISuton, 
lie  oppolite  lo  the  coiil  of  I  ranee.  Nova  .Scwtia  and 
New  hnglanii  are  in  the  lame  latitiule  as  the  Bay  cf 
Bifcav.  New  York  and  IVnnfylvania  lie  oppoii'.e  to 
Spam'  and  Portugal.  I  lenre  the  coldelt  winds  ot  Ni  rth 
America  bhv.v  fioni  the  nortli  and  the  well,  as  they  do 
lleir  from  the  n ordi  and  cad. 

If  we  excejt  the  moll  northern  and  foutlvrn  nans, 
whuh  aie  natural'.v  uildanl  bar;en,  the  relt  pro  luce, 
in  abundince,  molt  of  the  imtals,  minerals,  pl.inis, 
fruits,  ticcs,  and  woods,  to  be  met  with  in  the  other 
f^arts  ot  the  world,  and  fomc  of  them  in  greater  quanti- 
tjcs,   and   higher  jjeifection.     America  alio  products 


diamonds,  pearls,  rnu  raids,  anetliyfls,  and  other 
valuable  llones.  To  ihcle  11  ay  be  avldid  a  gria'.  inmi- 
1  cr  ot  <iihcr  i  '.mniodit  cs.  w  liieii,  tl".uu:;h  o!  let's  ;  1;.  e, 
are  ol  much  j'reat.r  t.fe. 

."^hcep,  goats,  cov.  s,  afles,  and  liorfcs,  were  aot 
t'mir.d  here  upon  ilic  liill  1  1  .ill  .got' the  I'm'  |  c.in.s,  !)ut 
I  aving  l-.een  brougiu  in  [  leniy,  incrc.ded  fo  lail  111  lir- 
tile  patiurcs,  as  10  ail'iT-i  an  ample  fiippl). 

I  fere  is  .1  valt  vaiiet)  ol  birds,  furp.nling  all  that 
.ire  to  be  touii  1  n  any  other  p.if  o;  the  wo;l.l,  lor 
beauty,  fli  ipe,  and  colour,  which  will  be  defcnbed  in 
ihvir  j'lOjier  places. 

The  teas,  I  kr,,  an.lriveis,  abojiul  with  the  greatefl 
pleiit',  aiui  v:irKt.  01  lilh. 

Bifore  the  aruval  of  tl.c  I'uropcnns,  th- natives  of 
.'\nicrica  !iad  ana  of  tiieir  ou  n.  '1  hev  ha.i  tome  notion 
of  pain'.iiv:,  and  alio  formed  (vctur.  .  bv  tlie  b' autiful 
arrange!!  <  Ills  ot  leathers  ol  all  coliurs;  and  in  ti-u-e 
parts  eieUed  llatel>  l-uild.ngs.  Tlioogli  the  ufc  of  iron 
was  unknown,  tl-.ey  polilhcl  precious  Itoncs,  cut  duwn 
trees,  ai'.il  made  not  only  In  ail  ca!".c.es,  l)tit  boats  (if 
conliderable  b  d:..  fhcir  ha:c!ie:s  v.cre  headed  with 
a  llaii  11. nt;  and  <f  linrs  they  in;.de  knuti.  thus 
a:  the  arrival  ol  th:  liuropians,  they  peleiKed  a  lively 
picture  of  the  (late  of  mankind  111  ihe  earli  il:  ages. 

Anil  rica  is  chieHy  diwdeJ  between  tiie  S;.:ui.lh,  Lin:- 
litli,  roitugucle,  anJ,  the  L'ni;ed  Staics.  1  ne  Ircn^h 
and  Uutcli  ha\e,  indeed,  Ictlemins  in  South  .-Xme- 
ri.  a,  called  Ciuiani  aivl  Siir'n.'.m,  but  ti.efe  .n.of  I  :!j 
impoitar.ce.  'llic)  i.ive  .id'o  colonies  in  North  .\ii.er:  a. 
'I  he  liiwians  are  in  quiet  ,>oli'eliion  ot  man}-  lar/e  iid  i:,! 
ir.icks.  Ihc  .S[  ui  aids,  wio  i!ilcn\cred  the  Nc'V 
Vvoild,  Itill  eiiioy  the  l.irg- II  and  richell  poitiv.'n  of  it, 
and  ilicncediaw  imii.enle  wealtli. 

Next  to  ."-pain,  the  moll  conli.lcralile  ];roprieroi-  of 
.-\meriia  was  d'rr.it  Britan,  wliich  iterived  a  cl-iin  to 
Nonh  Amerii.i  from  .he  lint  dilVoviry  o:  that  conti- 
ne.u  by  .s.b.illiai  Cdior,  in  the  n.iii.c  ot  Heriry  VII. 
about  Ik.  \ea:s  i.ter  the  difcovery  of  .South  America  iiy 
Loliiml  us,  in  tl'.e  niioe  of  tl  e  king  of  Spun.  'Ihii 
noiiliern  country  w,i>,  m  i-.neial,  call,  ^1  New  tin', ;d. 
land,  a  name  no.e  appio;  riated  fulely  to  :mi  illand  upon 
lis  (oa'.l.  It  was  a  long  time  before  any  attempt  was 
m 'lie  to  fetrle  a  colony  in  it.  Sir  W.Llrer  Ralei.;h,  of 
iilj-ictable  memory,  full  llicwcd  the  wa),  b\  bxingthc 
I'.n^^hlli  llai'.daul  in  t!  at  put  w|.,eh  he  called  Virginii, 
in  lioioui  (it  his  toyal  mitliets  (^een  l-.ii.^a!  eth. 

'1  lie  Briiilli  nation  had,  at  an  immeiil''  cxpcnce, 
an.l  with  tl;c  lofs  (f  ihoular.ds  of  gall  int  lubjert',  pre- 
t'eived,  lecured,  .iiul  extei.dcd  it.  col  >n  cs  to  far,  as  to 
render  it  ititiicult  to.ilccriain  the  jneL  I'e  bouni's  of  its 
empire  in  North  Amcri  a,  to  the  ii'irthern  and  wcllein 
tides:  Bat,  alas;  thole  Hatrcrin;^  pro!pe;h  have  been 
annihilated  b>  a  moll  unhappy  c<i:-.tell  bct^\een  the 
mother  cour.tiy  and  the  coliiiies,  uhich,  alter  a  con- 
tinuiiv.e  ol  ei;!  t  \ears,  at  |',iiat  evpence  of  blood  and 
tre.irure,  teiminiicvl  m  tlie  ellabiiiiiment  of  a  new  re- 
public, tilled,  "  'I'lie  Ihirteen  Uaue.l  States  of  Ame- 
rica." 

We  [Mopofe  to  divide  the  New  World  into  three 
parts  : 

I.  NORTH  AMI  IlICA,  prelixing  to  orr  account 

finhpiit^,  (oniiiient.d,  inlulir,  i>:c.  a^  lia\e  been  dif- 
covcied,  vifuid,  or  iletcrilcd,  by  <.'it/li::i!  C-.jk. 

II.  Wl'.ST  INDIAN  and  AMERICAN 
ISLANDS. 


Hi 


V 


H 

1- 


lih.'bi 

i  "  '1  1 

M>-   it 

Mii 


HI.     SOUTH    AMERICA. 


C  II  A  P, 


4r,4  A  NFW.  ROYAL,  Axn  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  or  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAPHY. 

CHAP.         HI. 

NORTH        AMERICA. 

Particular  Parts  of  North  America,  continental,  infular,  &c.  &c.  difcovcrcd,   vifitcd 
and  ddtribcd  by  Captain  Cook,  on  his  third  and  laft  Voyage. 


CAPTAIN  COOK,  with  a  pcrrcvcrencc  and  intre- 
pitlitv  pi-culiar  to  himl'cU,  cxpK'rcd  tin'  coatl  ot 
North  America  till  he  rcaUicil  to  the  latitude  ol  -^o  deg. 
44.  min.  when  all  further  attempts  to  proceed  were 
fniftrated  by  a  prodigious  mafs  ot  ice,  which  extended 
I'roni  continent  to  continent. 

'I'he  nioft  extreme  point  he  mentions  is  Cape  Lif- 
biirnc.  It  is  fituatcd  in  the  latitude  of  (yq  deg.  j  min. 
north.  He  fays  it  appeared  to  be  tolerably  high  land, 
even  down  to  the  fea.  In  alnioft  every  other  part,  as 
our  navigators  advanced  to  the  north,  they  had  found  a 
low  coalt,  from  which  the  land  rofc  to  a  moderate 
height.  The  coalt  now  before  them  was  free  from 
fnow,  except  m  one  or  two  places,  and  had  a  grecnilh 
hue,  but  tliey  could  not  difcern  any  wood  upon  it. 

'i'o  the  foiiihward  of  Cape  l.ilhurne  is  a  point,  nam- 
ed by  Cjpuiiii  Cook  Point  Mul^jrave.  It  is  lituatcd  in 
lat  67  det;.  45  min.  north.  The  land  fecmed  to  be  very 
low  near  the  fca,  but  a  little  farther  it  rofc  into  hills  of 
a  niodciate  height :  the  whole  was  free  from  fnow,  and 
apparently  dcltitute  of  wood. 

The  weltern  extreme  of  America,  hitherto  known, 
is  a  point  of  land,  which  (.'.;/>/<;/';  Cook  dilHiitruillied  hy 
the  name  of  Cape  Prince  ot  Wales.  I:  Hands  in  the 
lat.  of  6j  deg.  46  min.  north. 

Sledge  Island  lies  in  lat.  64  deg.  30  min.  north, 
and  is  about  12  miles  in  circumference.  The  furface 
of  the  ground  |)rinripally  conli.  o  of  large  loofe  (tones, 
covered  in  many  pl.ices  with  mo!"s,  and  other  vegetables, 
of  which  20  or  30  different  fpccies  were  oblerved,  ami 
moft  of  them  in  flower.  Hat  nor  a  ticc  or  (lirub  was 
feen,  cither  0.1  the  illand,  or  upon  the  neighb.iuring 
coii;inent.  Near  the  beach  where  our  people  landed 
was  a  coniidcrable  (Quantity  of  w  ild  purflanc,  long-wort, 
peale,  iy;c.  fume  of  which  they  took  on  board  lor  bo  1- 
ing.  They  faw  feveral  plovers,  and  other  fmall  birds, 
alio  a  fox.  They  met  with  (ome  dcciyetl  huts,  built 
partly  under  ground.  It  appeared  forne  people  had  been 
lately  on  the  idand,  and  it  was  more  than  probable  thai 
they  often  came  thither,  there  being  a  beaten  pith  from 
one  end  to  the  other.  At  a  fmnli  diltance  from  that 
part  of  the  (liore  where  our  people  landeil  the\-  found  a 
fledge,  which  induced  C,i/:'i!ii!  Cos/- to  give  the  illand 
the  name  of  .Sledge  Ifland.  It  appc.ircd  to  be  fuch  a 
one  as  is  ufed  by  the  Ruffians  in  Kamtfchatka,  for  the 
purpofe  of  convoying  goods  from  one  place  to  another 
over  the  fnow  and  ice.  Its  conlhuchon  was  admirable, 
and  its  various  parts  were  put  together  with  great  ncat- 
refs,  fome  with  wooden  pins,  but  for  the  moil  part  m  ith 
thongs  or  luhings  of  whalebone  ;  in  confequence  of 
which,  ('itptait!  Co'A  imr.gincd  that  it  was  entirely  the 
workmanfliip  of  the  natives. 

King's  K^and,  fo  called  by  Captain  C'^ok,  is  a  fmall 
inand,  which  was  dcfcricd  at  the  dillance  of  eight  or 
nine  leagues  from  the  former. 

Clerk's  Island,  which  alfo  received  its  appella- 
tion from  Captain  Cook,  lies  in  lat.  0(  deg.  15  mm. 
north.  It  fcimed  to  be  an  ifland  cf  coniidcrable  extent', 
in  which  were  fevcial  hills,  all  conneacd  by  low  ground,' 
fo  that  it  looked  at  a  dilhmre  like  a  group  of  illands! 
Near  its  eadern  part  is  a  little  ill.ind,  which  is  remarka 
ble  for  liaviiig  on  it  three  elevated  rocks.  ISoth  the 
greater  ifland,  and  this  fmaller  one,  were  apparently 
mliabitcd. 


Gore's  Uland  lies  in  ncailv  the  fame  latitude  as  th» 
former.  It  is  about  30  miles  in  extent,  and  p.iit,ciil  iily 
narrov,  at  the  low  necks  of  land,  bv  ^^hlch  the  I. ills  arc 
connected.  Captain  Cook  found  aftemaids  that  it  was 
entirely  unknoAn  to  the  Kullians,  and  tl  e.itorc  con- 
fidcring  it  as  a  difcovery  of  his  own,  named  it  Corel 
Kland.  It  appeared  to  be  barren,  and  delli;ute  of  in- 
habitants, at  leaft  our  navigators  faw  none.  Near 
Gore's  Iflands  a  fnull  ifland,  «hofc  loftv  fummit  termi- 
nates in  Ic-veral  pinnacle  rocks,  for  which  reali'n  r.  ob- 
tained the  name  of  Pinnacle  Island. 

Anderso.s'.s  Island,  fo  called  by  Captain  C.o'fk,  to 
perpetuate  the  memory  of  Mr.  Anderlon,  furgeoii  of 
the  Rcfolution,  who  departed  this  life  juft  belore  the 
diicovery  of  it,  lies  in  lat.  6j  deg.  j4  min.  noith.  This 
is  the  only  circumftancc  worthy  of  mention  concern- 
ing It. 

NORTON'S      SOUND. 

Silnaticn,  Survey  of  the  Country.  Into-iicic  "<iib  the 
Nniives.  ArtuUs  of  Barter.  Diirn  lnriJii;l>.  l\r- 
hii.,  Drrfi,  Habitations,  k'ci^et.iliif  PrJitilion  ,  o'c. 

THIS  inlet,  to  which  C.iplaui  C.k  gave  the  nunc 
of  Norton's  Sound,  in  honour  of  Sir  rietcher 
Norton,  afterwards  Lord  CJrantlei.,  lies  between  the 
latitudes  of  64  and  65  deg.  nortli.  The  bav  wluiein 
the  (hips  lay  at  anchor  is  lituated  on  the  louth-eall  lidc 
of  ir,  and  by  the  natives  denominated  Chack.o.jle.  It 
is  not  a  very  gooil  Itaiion,  nor  is  an  harbour  tj  be  met 
with  in  all  this  found. 

Qipt.nn  Ciok,  at  firft  fight,  imagined  th's  fpot  of 
land  to  be  two  illands,  but  afterwards  f.iun.l  that  it  was 
a  peninfula  connected  with  the  ccnineiit  bv  a  I.jw  llfi- 
nuis,  on  each  litie  of  which  a  hay  is  lomud  by  the  coaU. 

Having  call  anchor  at  about  a  league's  dillance  from 
the  point  of  the  pcninfula,  to  which  fpot  the  appcllaiion 
of  Cape  Denbigh  was  given,  they  obfervel  feveiial  of 
the  natives  on  the  |5eninfula,  and  one  of  them  came  off 
in  a  I'liiall  canoe.  Cjp:.iin  Cock  give  this  nr.n  a  knife 
and  fome  beads,  with  whch  he  appeared  to  be  well 
pleafed.  Our  people  made  li^ns  to  him  to  bring  them 
fome  provifions,  upon  which  he  inllantl;  tiuitted  t'.cm, 
and  paddled  towaius  the  (horc.  Happening  to  meet 
another  man  coming  off,  who  had  two  di led  fdinons, 
he  got  them  fioni  him;  and  when  he  returned  to  the 
fliip,  1  c  retufed  to  give  them  to  any  body  except  Copt, 
Cook.  Some  of  our  pe.>ple  fancied  that  he  alkcd  lor 
him  under  the  name  oi capitatne,  but  in  this  they  were 
perhaps  millakcn.  Othei-s  of  the  inhabitants  came  oft' 
i(X)n  afterwards,  and  gave  them  a  few  dried  (1(1),  in  ex- 
change for  fiich  tritlesas  they  hud  to  bir:cr  wi'.h  them. 
They  Ihcwcd  no  didikc  to  tobacco,  but  were  motl  dc- 
firous  of  knives. 

iVlr.  Goic  wasdifpatchcdrothcpeninfula,  10  procure 
wood  an  J  water,  of  the  lormcr  of  which  ariicle>  the 
people  obfcrved  great  pi  nsy  upon  the  beach.  At  the 
lame  time  a  boat  from  each  of  the  fliips  was  fent  to 
found  round  iiie  bay;  and  at  three  o'clock,  the  wind 
frefliening  at  north-eaft  they  weighed  anchor,  and  en- 
deavoured to  work 'further  in  :  but  that  was  quickly 
found  to  be  impracticable,  by  reaf.m  of  the  flioals, 
which  extended  entirely  round  the  '•■  v,  to  the  dillance 
of  upwards  of  twomiks  from  the  liiurc. 

<li^-  •        -  :'\,'    Captain 


l./A/J, 


\  <•:> 


y  "nil",,,/  Ni<i  liT 

{     I.SH.1V  Yiabii.< 

•  <  .Ifl''^ 


T  f.:  i 


tl,    vifitcd 


itituilc  .IS  tli» 
I  [).iit.i.°iil  Illy 

ihf  Mils  .lie 
U  th.ac  It  was 

Ciitorc  loii- 
icil  It  Corel 
Hiute  of  in- 
lonc.  Near 
immit  tirmi- 
rcal'i'H  r.  ob- 


taiii  C.ci'ik,  to 
I,  furgcoii  of 
lit  biliirc  the 
noith.  This 
ion  conccrn- 


D. 

/>:;'  ?;•,//>  ibe 

ilion  ,  iJc. 

ivc  the  nunc 
Sir  riftilicr 
bctwicn  the 
bay  wluiciu 
)uth-ra!l  lide 
itk.o.)!i-.  It 
ur  tj  be  nice 

th's  fpot  of 
I.I  that  It  «'as 
IV  a  I,)W  ill'i- 
by  thf  c  oull. 
iiOanci-  from 
eappcllaiioii 
I  fLAwal  of 
:in  caiiif  off 
m-.n  a  knife 
1  to  be  well 
I  bring  them 
uittccrt'.cm, 
ing  to  meet 
icj  filinuns, 
urncd  to  tiic 
except  Ct'ft. 
le  alkcd  lor 
lis  they  were 
nts  came  oft' 
fifl),  in  ex- 
wi'.h  ihcin. 
ere  moll  lic- 

,  to  procure 
anicles  the 
:h.  At  the 
I  was  fv-vit  to 
k,  the  wind 
lor,  and  en- 
was  quickly 
the  llioals, 
the  diiUncc 


Captain 


/f',/  /yi'/liy,//   //„//,./,/, 


'/ 


,,«/ 


-  kT,-.-v-       ■^■mmt- -y^.^^-    „,.„^- 


LJSII 


i    .I.SB..v^,al.ii.«  ^,      ^'-     «>  \       \     1 


7"  /'.:  Ji   X     f^  ('  ■^'■-    -'    •^' 


•  ■/ 

("o/t/f/:cf.  M.I r      ' 

trxiTEB   States.  > 
\()RTU ^  /  \n:iu(\i.  ^ 

/m/at^ifit/  '/"  /inli.'/i  ,i"J  S/m/us/i 
'/'irnfi'/iis  itrrr/////t,    fni(/  ,/rrr>i 
|^  ,w'riti//i  f<'l/ii  7'rniti/   f/  17!!  I 

///   'I'ltdHcn    li'r.i,/' 


# 


m 


f  ,fyr,n,y/r/    liWKI'S   s'        )  , ./    .   /y.V, /,/    ,/     //„,,,,..■/     (1|U)(,|{    \  1. 1 


I'n;./^,,-,    «• 


,/, 


III 


/  //„... .../  i,  ,;„,;  I,  A  nrv,  '/;,//,.  y/y:il'/  //,„/,..„ 


464 


Particul/ 


] 


CAPTA' 
pitiity 
North  \m^ 
44.   min.   '. 
fii;aratcd  K 
ironi  tontij 
I'lic  1110; 
biirnc.     It 
north.     Hin 
even  tiownf 
our  navi^jatt 
low  coalt,    ! 
Iieight.     '^ 
fnow,   cxc(J 
hue,  but  till 

'I'o  the  fc 
cii  by  Cipt, 
lat.  67  dot,'.  1 
low  near  thl'" 
a  moderate  fc 
appareutls  a 

The  uelU 
is  a  point  of| 
the  na.iie  off 
lat.  of  63  dei 

Sledof.  Is 
aiid  is  about 
of  the  );roijn«, 
covered  in  n*^ 
of  which  20  ■i| 
mod  01'  thci 
fec;\.  cither  C; 
con;inent.     V 
was  aconlidev 
peafe,  6>;c.  it* 
inp.     They  f: 
alio  a   i'o\. 
partly  under  { 
lately  on  the  ; 
they  often  car 
one  end  to  tl^ 
})art  of  the  flit'*'^ 
fledge,    Mhicrt"' 
the  name  of  ' 
one  as  is  ufcd  fn 
purpofe  of  co.v 
over  the  fnovvfT 
and  its  various' 
nefs,  feme  u  it^ 
thonus  or  LilK" 
which,    dt'.pluh 
uorkmanfhip  ^ 

King's  Isi..^ 

ifland,    which 
nin;-  leagues  ir( 

Qlt.rk's  IsiT 
tioii  irom  Cnp, 
north.  It  feuntr 
in  wiiich  were  (> 
To  that  it  loc.kc' 
Near  i;sea(lern|'j 
ble  for  l.a\mp;' 
greater  illand,  i 

inhabited. 

r 

% 


.-W^^" 

"?^-^ 


» 


'A 

J: 


s| 


^' 


'.^* 


In' 


I  M  u---.\':.  r> 


•  ^ 


•^ 

■^ 

^  ■; 


i 
> 


y-1 

-  p 


A  - 


\ 


V.'.  ui,  ji>  .iiiuii'.! 

(jt  v.ini  li  li.iil  p'.ci 

{:',le    |)iiiit   w.ib    in 

ImixIi,  ;i!^iiTs,  an.; 

vcrv    tniulililoiiic 

1^  tiu'f,  niul    iii.iir 

iiiflirs  il'  iluincti.: 

tlie  l)'Mi  11,  tli.u  V 

tint,"  uiHul  |i  rn  ill 

A  i.uiiily  of  the 

jH'Oj  If  VM'rt  i)CCii| 

t.iii   law  (inly  il'.c 

In-  i  !(.•>  ;i   (mirth 

III]';../  iu-   hail  t 

hiiiul  i  ind  nrirhc 

ill!'  [n-oj'k-  as  iiiai 

t,:is  c  i.iiK     Boch 

tf  : ;  .ukI  tlu'v  wf 

iirciiiblin;^  iliole  ; 

iici.'hlv.iui^.  Ir  in 

I'l.i  tour  knives, 

iroi;  ll'H)p,   thf    C 

p'u.rvis  wciglit  of 

[■iciii.     S  line  of 

w.M  rcfpcr';  K)  li, 

ri.  j,'  .iiiil  a  iiiullft 

thi-  Cilild,   -.vi,.)  w 

iiii.iK.hatriy  Liurl 

liiin  the  crijiple, 

t(j  the  rohcerl,   tl 

not  of  lorg  tlur.ui 

1  .iciiti  nant  K.i 

tl.e  fiiTK  taiiiily. 

the  fwll(nving  pur 

partv,  a  canne,   I 

N\hitl:   an  rlilcrl 

wife  above- nieni 

iiniiti  a  fiiiall  k 

give  luT  a  nun. 

blu"  mailc  (igiis 

jiioi  eiikil  w  ;ih  I 

as  he  was  troli'in 

III'  toot   very  in 

ll'ip,  up'in  V.!.' 

t-ye--,   '.\hiih  ssi  n 

;i!rti  ii.iiu...  !.■  pt  c 

]i    e  1,1111  'it  l!.  • 

a  1 1  iLl  i.'i;  Ik  ;    b 

l.Kuit,     Alter  V 

at  an  o|.cn  fKiu 

tilt.  I    II. I  \  p.ni 

lei  VI'  (or  tiie  li.J 

]'e-i:ii!iiieil  a  rcn 

i  U  s'.as  (all  tli'ii 

on   liic  dillenipi 

them.     The   \\. 

Kini,',  xii!  prill 

them  t!ierc  for 

meianeliiily    l.ill 

pi')iniin{5  to  her 

at  other  tinUo  t' 

Ml.  King  piiri^^l 

filK'.l   of  exeell 

'I'heU  Hfii  were 

ior  them. 

The  wnniaii 
I'li'mp  and  rnun 
Ihiii,  with  a  larj 
''he  was  puh.lii 
binil  was  well  I 
lieii'ht.     Ifis  h, 
little  t)eai'd.      I 
«ai>.     He  ha.l 
h  jwever,  he  in 
them  were  bl.i 
down  level  will 
No.  .1.,. 


K 


1  MiC"u-:;Ri:.s. 


o  r.  T  11     A  :\i  F.  R 


■<  c   — '    ::. 


1-3  \    V 


v. 

>  -  :  t 


y. 

- 

''■  1 

■j 

■y. 

> 

■■'i 

'^ 

-■ 

"'  II 

— 

-  \ 

v^ 

■  - 

z  t 

,,_ 

y- 

-  L' 

(.'•■■;■  lilt  C.oi'k  wfiit  al]  'ire,  and  tnt.k  a  v, alk  inro  tli  ■   ; 
C'lCiiuv,    v'iii'i.,    in    tL.ii'    jurts    wiinr   rii^ri:   w.i.s  i',  >   ' 
v.'.ni,  .u-   iiiuic-.i   with   liciiii,  and  oi.niT  [jl.mt',   li.v';r\'l    j 
(it  v.;,'m1i  li.ni  I'li'iir-'  ol  mirii'.,  ,iil  ri,)c.     Si.nr.;c'  a  lin- 
{;le    |>ii!ir   w.is    in    ll  iwcr.      1';;l-   iiiid'.TWodil,   Idcli   \\, 
l)ir(.li,  iikiiTS,  aii;l   williw,,  nicalioncd  walking  to  Iil-   j 
vcrv   trouUIclomc   iinn'ii";    Ikl-   trees,    w!)ii.:h    \^cre   all 
rpiR-f,  :iik1    m.'i'.r  ot    « huh  cxifdlcd   Itvcn  or  eii.'ht 
iiiclirs  if  duiiu-r(.ri  bur  loiinr  wcie  ol)rfrvt-d  lyini;  uii 
tlif  I)  .11  h,  that  were  above  rwiec  that  fi/.c.     All  the 
»int;  u.Hnl  lien  in  thete  iiortJuMii  [larts  was  tir. 

A  i.imily  of  flie  native:,  tani--  near  the  Ipat  wh'-re  our 
jH'Ojle  \verc  occupied  in  t.i\i:i!.;  oT  wood.  TIk'  I'ap- 
tai  1  law  only  tl.e  h'llhi.-id  and  wife,  and  the'r  cluld, 
liellde^  a  (oiiitii  perfon,  v.\\n  was  the  moil  deiornKii 
eripple  lie  had  ever  leen.  I'he  huflianti  was  nearly 
biiiul  i  and  neither  he  nor  \w  wi.e  were  Inch  well  lii.k- 
iiii'  people  as  many  oi  tiiole  whom  he  had  met  with  on 
tr.is  c  KiiV.  Both  of  them  had  their  lower  lips  perfora- 
te 1  i  and  they  were  in  polleifinn  of  fome  glals  beads, 
rdemlilin;^  tliofe  tliat  had  been  leen  betore  amonii;  tlieir 
neL'hl1our^.  Ir  n  was  tlie  article  that  plealed  tliem  mcylt. 
I'l.r  four  knives,  wliich  iiail  been  formed  out  o(  an  old 
iron  h'lop,  the  Captain  obtained  from  them  iK'ar  400 
piu.rds  weigiit  of  tilli,  that  had  been  lately  cau[;ht  by 
t'lcni.  is  ime  of  thefe  were  trout,  and  others  were, 
w.r:i  rerper"^  10  fizc  and  tafle,  fomcwhat  between  a  her- 
rii  h'  ami  a  aiullet.  The  Captain  gave  a  few  beads  to 
tui- cIi.lJ,  -.vi.)  w.is  at'eniale,  upon  which  the  mother 
im.ni-.liately  buri't  into  tears,  thui  the  father,  next  aker 
iii'.n  the  cn,)ple,  and  at  iall',  to  add  the  Rnilhing  llrokc- 
to  the  concert,  the  child  herki;.  This,  however,  was 
no;  of  loi^s  duration 

l.ictitinant  King  had  before  been  in  company  with 
t!,e  fam(  family.     J  lis  account  of  this  interview   is  to 
the  fi.iimving  purport:   While  he  attended  the  wooding 
partv,  a  anntt,  filled  wl'h  i.atives  approached,  out  ot 
^\lncl:   an  rklerly  man   Oiid  vvoman  (the   hulband  ami 
wife  ubo^enicii'iontd)  can.e  aPiore.     Mr.   King  ( rc- 
linud  a  fmall  knitc  to  the   woman,  and   promikd   to 
give  lit  r  a   much  larger  one  in  exchange  (or  fome  filh. 
M.c  ira  Ir  (igns  to  him  to  follow  her.     After  he  had 
I'Kiieidid  Willi  them  about  a  nnie,  the  man  fell  down 
as  he  was  croliing  a  rtony  Le.ich,  and  happrned  to  cut 
lu^  loot   very  much.      1  his  occafioned   Sir.    Kint;  to 
fi  ip,   U()'in  V.!,!  !i  the  wom:"i  p':i":' .1  '.i  Iht   hulbaurb 
<-vis   '-vhich  uiii  loveo..  vMih  a  tl...  ,v  whiti.h  iilili.   He 
a::citt,uws  !.'  pr  d  li.'  to  hia  wife,  who  took  care  to  ap- 
].i;  e!,im  ol  ilu-  oblla'.les  in  his  way.     The  woman  had 
a  1 1  iLl  01;  h.  :    back,   wrapped   up   in   the   hood  of  her 
iici^ct.     Atur  walking  ab  i:;   two   inilc  >   they  arrived 
at  M\  op.en  ('kIu  bo,ii,  which  was  t'uned  on  one  fide, 
ihc  (    lucK  j\irt  towards   tne  wind,  and  was  made  to 
hu'c  liir  the  li.d)iiation  ol  thi.s  t'atnily.      Mr.  King  now 
]'ci:.i:  Died  a  rcii.aikable  epilation  on  the   inin's  eyes. 
J  U  was  lall  deiiied  to  Iiold  his  breatli,  then  to  breathe 
on   liie  diilempered   eyes,  anil   afterwards    to   fpit   on 
them.     The  wouiin  then  took  b'Uli  ihe  hands  01   Mr. 
King,  aiid  prelllng  them  in  the  man's  lb)iii,:i  ii,  heid 
t'lcm  t!>ere  tor  fime  rime,  wluL-  Ihe  recounted   I'liii'.- 
i;!rlanc!i;dy   laihiry   reljiccting    her   f.iinily,    lom^'tiiius 
pointing  to  her  luilband,  Ibmetimes  to  her  chikl,  .md 
at  other  times  to  the  cri['|ile,  who  was  related  10  her. 
Mr.  King  purcliafcd  all  tlie  liHi  they  had,  which  con- 
filK-.l  of  excellent    lalmun,  falmon-troMt,  and    nu'.ilot. 
'I'helc  Hfii  were  faithfoHy  delivered  to  tl'.e'  pcrl'on  l.e  ili.c 
liT  them. 

'VUc  woman  was  Hiort  aini  iqu.it,  ;ir,d  Iter  vifige  'vas 
pli'ipji  and  rouiul,  She  wore  a  jacACi.  made  of  decr- 
ikin,  with  a  large  hood,  and  had  on  a  pair  of  wide  boots, 
-'d.e  was  pui.clured  from  the  lip  to  the  chin.  Mcr  luif- 
b.iiiil  was  well  made,  .ind  about  five  feet  two  ii,ches  in 
heiplit.  Mis  hair  was  blac  k  and  lliort,  and  he  had  but 
little  beard.  His  complexion  was  of  a  l.giu  copper 
caiK  He  had  two  holes  m  his  lower  lip,  in  wliirh, 
h')wever,  he  had  no  ornaments.  The  teeth  of  both  of' 
them  were  bl.uk,  and  ap|ieared  a.s  il  they  ii.ui  been  liltd 
down  le\cl  with  tlie  gums. 
No.  .1  ,. 


('  A.  465 

;^  wire  f.i!i  entertained  wIietlicT  tiie  cn.ifl 


^;.^vv  were  LJor.ged  to  .;n  illaiid,  or 
of  A'li-ric.'.,   Lieutenant   King   was 
.'..J   Vav'k,    wi-';    f.vn    biavt,     well 
to  make  i'irh  a  lenrch  as  migiit 
'  opin-.on  "n  the  liibjccf. 


..S    ltOI'!.T 

upju  whic!i  t;::.v 
t)    th;;    contineia 
c.ipattlicd    by    CjfH 
i^ianned  and  aimcJ., 
'I  nd  to  remove  all  ililicrence  o: 

I  ie  was  inflrucled  to  proceed  fjwariis  the  nor  h  as  f  r 
.Ts  the  ex'rfn:i'  pi/int  leen  bnurc,  or  a  littlv  furtiier,  if 
he  Ihould  lind  it  neceliary ;  to  ktnd  there,  and  fiuni 
the  heights  endeavour  to  ducov.  r  wlittlier  the  l.nid  he- 
was  then  upon,  imagin-.  i  t  >  be  the  idand  of  A'aichka, 
was  re.illy  an  itlai.d,  or  w.-s  connCcd  to  tli-  Lnd  to 
the  eailw.ird,  fuppoled  to  be  the  Ani'.-ric.in  coir.inent. 
After  the  departure  of  L;e':ttr.aiit  Kinjr,  livcr-l  oi 
the  natives  emu:  off  in  canoc-,  and  ga.  e  the  crtv,  ibme 
diied  falinon  in  exchuige  t  r  triihng  articles.  l'..-.r!y 
lI'.c  .le.'it  morning  nine  men,  each  i:i  a  fepaiatc  canoe, 
paid  tneni  a  vlfit,  wirli  the  lb!-  view  of  g-ati.)  inci;  tiieir 
ciirioiity,  They  aj^proached  the  i'llp  with  cat  ri  .n,  and 
drawing  up  ab:\'ai'  of  Cuch  other,  under  the  (tern,  fa- 
voured them  with  a  long ;  wiiile  ffw.  of  their  min'.'i.T 
made  many  ludicrou;,  motio;;s  with  his  hands  .t.'-.d  body, 
and  another  brat  np(;n  a  lijit  ot  d;um.  Theie  w'as 
nothing  lavage  cither  in  the  iong  or  the  geftiirej  with 
which  It  was  accompanied.  There  fecmed  to  he.  r.o  dif- 
ference either  with  rcl'peci:  to  ii^'c  01  features  between 
thcle  people,  and  thole  on  the  .other  iiorti.eilv  parts  of 
the  coalt.  Their  drels,  wiiich  chicflv  confided  of  the 
(kins  of  deer,  was  made  after  tlie  lame  mode;  and 
they  had  adopted  the  praftice  of  ]ieri'ora:ii:^!  their  lower 
lips,  and  alFixing  ornaments  to  ihcm. 

The    habitations  ot  thcle   Americans  were  HtLared 
dole  to  tlie  beach.     They  confiit  merely  of  a  .Hoping 
roof,  without  any  lide  walls,  tbrmed  of  logs,  and  co- 
vered with  earth  and  gr.il's.     The  lluor  is  likewile  laid 
with  logs.     Th.c  entrance  is  at  one  end,  and  the  lire- 
place  julb  within  it.     A  Imall  luiie  i,->  made  near  tlie 
iloor  of  the  hur,  for  the  purpilc  ol  h  tiing  out  the  ur.oak. 
The  berries  tound  here  by  the  partv  that  went  cii 
flioi  e  tor  brooms  and  Ipruce,  w  ere  htirtie-bcrries,  lieath- 
berries,    partridge-bii  iies,    and    wild    ciirrant-l'erries. 
Captain  Lovk  alio  wen:  aHicie,  .:;id  took  a  walk  over 
pjrt  of  the  pe;iinl'ula.      i  le   n.et  with  very  ^^ood  grafs 
in  teveral  placet,  and  I'carccly  obllrvcd  a  tingle  fpot  on 
which   fome  vegetable   was    nil   growing.      I'he   low 
land,  by  which  th's  iieninfuia  ii  united  to  the  continent, 
abounds  with  narrow  creeks,  and  likewife  with  ponds 
of  water,  feveral  of   which   were   ar  this   time   trozen 
over.     There  were  numbers  of  buiLrds  and  peefe,  but 
they  Were  lb  lliy,  that  it  was  impo:iiMe  to  get  within 
mulket-lhot  ot  them.     Some  Inipes  were  alio  leen  j  and 
on  the  higher  grounds  were  partrii.'^es  of  two  fpecioi:. 
'A  here    there   was    wood,    mufketos    were   numerous. 
Some  ot  the  ollicers,  who  went  liinlur  into  the  country 
til  in  the  Caj'taiii  did,  met  with  tome  ot  the  natives  of 
both  lexes,  who  treated  them   with  civility  an..l   kind- 
nets. 

It  w.is  ilie  ojiinion  of f.r//.;.;/  (.  ''  tliat  this  peninfula 
h.id  bcin  an  illand  i'l  liiue  dill.i;  t  peiK.d;  lor  there 
were  maiks  ol  the  lea  h.iving  I'orincrly  flowed  over  the 
ilihm'.js;  and  even  at  piclcnt  ir  appeared  to  be  kc[M 
oi;t  by  a  bank  of  land,  llones,  and  wood,  which  the 
waMs  h.ui  thrown  up.  It  was  manilell,  from  thi? 
b.uik,  that  the  la<id  here  encroached  .'pon  the  Wi;  and__ 
it  was  not  ilillic'ili  t.i  trace  its  gradual  formation.  *' 

l.ieutenaiir  Kiii;',  recurned  frot.i  iiis  e.tpedirion  about 
four  il.iys  .liter  he  leit  the  l!iip.  The  crews  oi  tiie 
bu.its  rowed  without  intcriiiili'.i  n  t  .'Wards  the  land  toi 
the  l|.iace  of  a  day.  They  then  let  iheir  tails,  and  llood 
ac  ri'ls  the  bay  wiiich  the  coalt  forms  to  the  weihvarJ.  of 
Bald-llead.  They  afterwards  made  tile  ot  tiicir  oars, 
and  had  got  within  two  miles  of  Bald- 1  lead,  under  tli-; 
lee  of  the  liiph  land.  y\t  that  time  ail  the  mm  in  the 
boat  belonging  to  the  R(  lohirion,  except  two,  weie  k.i 
oi)prelled  with  fatigue  and  lieip,  tli.it  Mr.  King's  iit- 
moft  endeavours  to  m.\l:e  them  put  on  wer:  ineticclu.al. 
They  were  at  length  lo  t.ir  exhaulled  as  to  dto[^  their 
oars,  and  fall  allecp  at  the  bottom  of  the  boat.  In 
6  b  coiilequen;e 


W' 


1 
'I-  r:*l 


i.Ul 


.'& 


m 


*  »,<  Tt 


4«6        A  NEW,  ROYAL,  and  AUTHI'N'TIC  SYSTI-.M  o?  UN1\  KU^AI.  GKOuRAl'I  lY. 


confequcncc  of  this  Mr.  Kin;;,  ant!  two  gentlemen  wlm 
were  wich  hi;n,  were  nblignl  to  l.iy  hM  of  the  cu!.  i 
an.l  thiv  Unded,  a  little  iitn-r  three  o'clock,  licf.vccn 
Bald-Hc.ul  and  a  point  that  prnjcds  to  the  e.illward. 

Mr.  King,  upon  his  lar;!ir;';,  alcended  the  hriL^hts, 
from  whiclfhe  could  fee  the  twa  coafh  join,  and  th.u 
the  inlei  terminated  ui  a  tm.dl  creek  or  river,  lx-U;ie 
■which  there  were  banks  of  land  or  mud,  and  in  every 
part  Ihoai  wat^r.  The  l;nd,  for  t'ome  dilbnce  towards 
the  north,  was  low  an.i  Iwampy ;  then  it  role  in  hili-. ; 
and  the  perfeft  iunclion  of  tluile,  on  f.'.ch  (ide  ol  the 
iiilet,  was  traced  without  th;'  leall  ditficnlty. 

From  tho  elevated  lifj.uion  in  which  Nlr.  King  took 
his  llirvey  of  the  Ibiind,  lie  conkl  difcern  mans'  Ipaiio'is 
vallies,  witli  rivers  rtowing  tlirotigh  thein,  well  woocled, 
And  boiiikkd  by  hills  ol  a  moder.ite  height.  Oix  ot 
the  rivers,  towards  the  north-well,  fcemed  to  be  confi- 
derable :  and  he  was  inclined  to  fuppofe,  from  its  di- 
rection, that  it  difchar^^cd  itlclf  into  the  lea  at  the  head 
of  the  Bay.  Some  ot  hi.-,  people,  penetrating  beyond 
this  into  tiie  country,  found  tlic  trees  to  be  of  a  iarj.';er 
fize  the  further  they  proceeiled. 

The  weather  Ixinj^'  tine  afForded  an  opportunity  of 
making  a  ureat  number  of  hmar  obi'crvations,  the  reiuk 
of  which  gave  n^j  de;^.  i -^  min.  ifnCt,  as  the  longitude 
of  the  anchoring  place  on  the  wellern  fide  ot  tl.e  fount) , 
while  its  latitude  was  b.\.  dep;.  -^i  niin.  north.  With 
refpecl  to  the  tide>,  the  nij^ht  flood  ro'.e  two  or  three 
feet,  and  the  day  flood  was  icarcely  perceivable. 

Caft.i:n  C^'rk  was  now  perfcdiy  convinced  that  Mr. 
Stihlin'-s  map  was  extremely  erroneous,  and  that 
the  continent  of  America  was  the  very  fpa<-e  whieii 
that  pentlcnian  had  imagined  to  be  the  liland  ot 
Alafchka. 

Cutir:  Cork  thought  it  now  high  time  to  quit  thclc 
nortticriy  rer,;ons,  and  retire  to  fume  pl.ice  for  the  win- 
ter, wlierehe  mig.it  obtain  provifi'>ns  and  refrelliincnts. 
He  did  not  coalidcr  Petrojiaulowfka,  or  the  harbour 
of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  i.i  Kantl(;hatfka,  as  likely  to 
furniih  a  fufRclci.t  I'jppl) .  Me  had  likewife  other 
reafons  f()r  not  ;^/jir,g  thit'ui-  at  p:clent;  the  principal 
of  wtiicii  was  his  great  iinwillinguefs  to  remain  inactive 
for  fix  <;r  frven  ir.onths,  wh^  h  would  have  been  the 
confequcnce  of  pading  the  winter  in  any  of  thele  nor- 
thern couiiirij:.  Me  at  leng^th  concluded  that  no  fitua- 
tion  was  f')  t  invcnit'iit  as  the  Sandwicli  lilands.  To 
them,  therefore,  he  formed  a  rcfolution  of  repairing. 
But  a  f  ipp'ly  of  water  being  neceffary  before  he  could 
execute  that  dcfign,  he  determined  with  a  view  uf 
procuring  this  anential  article,  to  fearch  the  coall  of 
America  for  a  harbour,  by  proceeding  along  it  to  the 
fouthward.  If  he  fhoul  1  not  meet  with  I'liccefs  in  that 
fearch,  his  intention  was  to  reach  Samgai.hocdha, 
which  was  appointed  fi)r  the  place  of  rendezvous  in  cafe 
tne  fhips  Ihould  happen  to  feparate. 

Stuart's  Island  lies  i:i  tlie  latitude  of  65  deg.  35 
min.  north,  and  is  fix  or  feven  leagues  in  ciicumlc- 
rence.  Tiiough  fome  parts  of  it  arc  ot  a  moderate 
h'.-ighr,  yet,  in  general,  it  is  low,  with  Ibme  rocks  oil" 
the  wellern  part.  Some  drift  wood  was  oblervcd  on 
the  fliore,  but  not  a  fingle  tree  was  f'een. 

The  greateft  part  of  the  coall  of  the  continent  is  low- 
land, but  they  perceived  high  land  uj)  the  country.  It 
forms  a  point  o[)polite  this  illand,  which  was  dillin- 
guilhed  by  the  name  of  Ca[)e  Stephens,  and  i:,  fit. rued 
in  the  latitude  of  ^3  deg.  ;■  min.  north,  and  in  the  hxi- 
gitiidc  of  197  deg.  41  min.  eall. 

Before  tiicy  reached  Stuart's  Ifland  they  pafTed  two 
I;t:le  iflands,  lituate  i)(twcen  them  and  the  main  i.uuli 
and  as  they  ranged  along  the  coall,  fevtral  of  the  natives 
made  their  appearance  upon  the  fliorc,  and,  by  firns, 
ic-med  to  invite  them  to  ajiproach. 

HouNLi  Island,  fo denomin.ited  hv  Ciijiaiii  Cwl  on 
Mi'^nunt  of  its  figure,  lies  in  the  latitude  of  5a  dig.  -y: 
min.  north,  and  is  feven  miles  dillant  from  the  con- 
tinrnl. 


B  vKitf.N  Isi.F';,  to  called  from  the  nakcdnefs  of  their 
appear.mce,  an  fituated  in  latitude  ^<)  deg.  north. 
They  are  a  group  of  high  iilands  and  rocks,  and  un- 
connected with  .iiiy  other  land. 

Near  thete  id.inds  w.is  p,-:ceiveJ  a  very  lofty  promon- 
torv,  whole  clt\a:ed  lumiiii:  •.ippeared  .ibove  the  clouds, 
firiliingtwo  ver\  liigli  itiounrains.  ('■■Ii,!:n  O'o!:  named 
this  promontory  Cape  Douglas,  in  honour  of  DoCUf 
Douglas,  now  bill.op  of  Carlille. 


K    .\    V    1-. 


I 


1.   A    N   D- 


Tills  illatid,  dili-overed  by  (\-pla;'i  C"^,  lies  in 
l.itit'.i  !e  ;y  deg.  .',<j  min.  noith.  It  docs  not  ex- 
ceed 1-2  leagues  HI  lengtli,  nor  in  breadtli  ab  )ve  a  leayie 
.uid  a  h.ali'  in  any  pur  ot  it.  Tiic  loiith-welt  point  i.s  a 
naked  rock,  conli.lerably  elevated  abiwe  the  land  wit.'dn 
it.  Tliere  is  alto  a  liigli  rick  lyi:;g  offit,  whicii,  when 
leen  in  fome  pa.uicular  diri-ctions,  has  the  ai'pcaran:i: 
of  a  rui:ious  cillie.  i'his  i.'ljnd  terminates  tov.  ard-,  t;;i' 
lea  in  b.ire  Ho]  ii;g  ckifs,  widi  a  bea;!i  cnrilling  oi 
'  Uize  p-bl-!es,  intcrniixed  in  limie  pl.ice:.  v.irh  a  cliy^'V 


fu.-:. 


1 


The  clitii  ate  cctupoteil  ot  a  bli:-:ilh  fione 


rock,  nnd.  are,  except  in  a  few  piirts. 


I.  si' 


)lc  or  mc, 


iieting  Ifate.  Some  parts  of  the  lliorc  a;.-  i.-.rerrup.tc.i 
by  Iniall  vallies  and.  gullies,  in  each  cf  v'acU  a  rivukr 
or  torrent  rulhes  down  with  a  c.inllder  ihle  decree  o' 
im;;etuofity,  tiioiigii,  periiaps,  o;.ly  firni'lu-d  fi' -ni  the 

tiil  the  whole  is  dil- 
with  ( inc  tiees ;  and 


r 


the  ul.ird,  which, 


broal 


.1!,. 


fhow,  and  k.ll'ng  no  longer  than 
folved.  Thele  val!i'-s  are  tilled 
tht '.  ailb  abound  in  oth-;r  j'aits 
indeed,  is  covered,  as  it  v.>  r",  with 
wond.  The  trees,  howev;.r,  are  t,.r  from  Liettii;  et  r.ri 
extra  )ri!in.'.ry  growth,  few  of  them  Iceming  to  be  hrger 
than  what  a  perl'jn  miLihr:  gnlp  rou.d  wi'l  Iv.s  aims, 
and  their  general  height  being  4-:!  or  50  feet;  fo  tii.it 
tliey  wiHikl  be  of  no  great  l'.:rvice  for  luippir^g,  except 
as  materials  lor  making  toij-gallaiit-maii-:,  an>!  other 
finali  things.  The  pine  trees  appeared  to  be  ail  01  one 
fpccies ;  and  neither  the  Canadian  pine,  or  cyp:eis,  was 
to  be  leen. 

Among  the  trees  w-as  fome  currant  and  'ii'.Hi.'rry 
bufhes,  a  ycllow-tkiwercd  violet,  and  tlie  Ir^ve^  of  otiier 
plants  not  then  in  flower,  particiihirly  one  which  was 
fiippofed  by  the  naturalifti  to  be  tlic  L-i\:'ieum  of 
Li.".na.nis. 

\  crow  was  feen  flying  about  the  wood :  two  or 

Nootka,   weic 
equally   l.irg'", 


three  white  headed  eagles,  like  thof'e  or 
alio   oblerved  i  befides   another  Ipeci-s 


wlii,.h  ha  !  a  ,vl-.itc  brealt.  ('rrf,:iv  C  ■.  *  jikcwilc  l.i.v, 
in  his  p.alliip,e  from  the  fhip  to  tiie  Ih.orc,  a  number  cf 
fiwlb  lilting  on  the  water,  or  living  about,  the  iirinci|;al 
of  vdiiLh  were  gulls,  Lurres,  lis.igs,  ducks,  or  l.irgc 
petrel',  divers,  i'.nd  quebrar.t  duiefres.  The  divers 
were  I  I  two  lorts  i  om;  very  l.irge,  wiml'e  colour  was 
bljci.,1  with  a  white  belly  and  br-.-all;  the  other  of  a 
f ii,il!-r  fi:?c.  with  a  longer  and  more  [jointed  bdl.  'fl.!; 
ducks  were  alio  ft  two  fpecics  ;  ore  bro-.vni:1i,  with  a 
d.irk  blue  or  blackitli  head  or  neck  ;  ihe  other  fmaller, 
and  ofa  tlirty  black  cvilb'tr.  Th.-  Iha*s  were  Lrgr  ,::i(i 
bla'-k,  having  a  white  tjj  >t  h  hitul  the  wings. "  I'he 
gulls  were  of  the  common  tint,  flying  in  (lock-.  Tiie;-'- 
was  alio  T  linglc  bird  flying  about,  appirentiv  of  t;if 
gull  kind,  whole  colour  was  a  tnj'vv  wnite,  with  I'jin-,' 
lilack  along  part  of  the  upper  fide  of  the  wingi.  At  the 
place  wl;ere   the  partv  landed,  a  f<ix   came  tr</m  th 


tliem  will 
^i-anifellin; 


lliiie  em  iiion, 
of 


verge  of  the  wooil,  and  eyii;: 

walked   jeiiurely  on  without 

i-.ir.     1  !(•  w.is  not  of  a  large  f: 

of  a  reildilh  yellow.     Tv.o 

likcwilf  leen  near  the  Ihoie;  Iiu-  no  traces  were  liil'co- 

vered  of  inhabitants  having  ever  been  in  the  ifland. 

On  a  hn.ill  eminence  ne.ir  the  lli-jre,  C:;A.rn  Cak 
left,  at  the  lo.it  ol  a  tree,  a  bottle,  contair.ing  a  paper, 
on  whidi  the  names  of  the  flnps,  and  tlie  dr.e  of  tlx- 
dilcovery,  were  iiiliribed.  I  le  all.)  end olcd  two  filvcr 
two-penny  i.ieces  of  Mnglilh  cnin,  v.hi.h,  with  many 


.p,  u;iy  l;gns 
and  fiii  colu.ir  '.'«» 
tlirec  fmall  fcals  were 


othe 


nc 


tun!  been  furr.ilhed  will,  by  J'>r.  .-laje, 


cean 
of 


^*^ 


^.l^t 


VIMIV. 

.cJnefb  of  tlicir 
J  dqr-  north, 
ucki,  ar.ii  un- 


'  lotcy  promon- 
(AT  th(  clouds, 
;/;  Ci'ol:  naini-d 
our  ul  Docuf 


■  C"^,  iifs  in 

It  docs  not  cx- 

iib  ivi-  a  lc-.i;!'ie 

-welt  point  lb  a 

the  land  vkithiii 

,  wliicii,  wlien 

:hc  r.ppc.mifK'c 

tt-'s  tov, ;irt!'.  till" 

1  ccnfillirit;  of 

v.irh  a  city-";.' 

iU:oilh  ll-jnc  or 

a  fofc  or  mo'.!- 

arj  i.".r.-rr:ii):c.i 

':ich  a  n/ukr 

ih!c  dcnree  of" 

i'lu-d  tr  Mil  the 

wli')!'-  is  dil- 

inc  ti  •-■trs  i  and 

ul.ird,  which, 

jfoa  1  f'irdi':  ", 


in  bciriij  ul 


;ri 


ng  to  be  hrr,^'r 
\M'!  li.s  ann'^, 
1  fcer  i  To  til. It 
'ippipg,  cvccpt 
iilbj,  ,in.!  udiLT 
to  be  ail  ()[  one 
ur  cy;:i-ls,  was 


If 


■«: 


//.-/,-//•.,  ../TiANKKS's.    '///.  4-. '/'/// y  (iF.nCh'AI'IIV  </'//.-/,,////   ^/y,//    /////v///, 


/■ 


^«^' 

■-■■»#: 


s 


->wif: 


(  /     /,-,//     ,/  •    '////i/  />■///,,/ 1  /I  ,  ///•_    '////,;      /'////>////,>•     '////,/   . 


:!  '  »i 


and  iii\fberry 

'  Ir/ivcj  (if  o'.iicT 
one  whirii  was 
e   h:,\:-Uum   of 


Wood :  two  or 

N'oo:l;a,  wc;c 
equally  larg-. 
;*  likcwitc  la.v, 
:,  a  number  i.f 
ir,  the  iirinci|;al 
lucks,  vr  !.ir"C 
.  Tlic  divJis 
infL*  colour  was 
the  otiier  ot  a 
intrd  b:ll.  11. tr 
■o'.vnilli,  wir!>  a 
c  otiicr  liinllvrr, 
.  wtTC  Ll'i^c  ,::nl 
:  wings.  The 
1  ll'ick-.  Theri" 
)pircntiv  of  the 
.".it'.',  wi:h  I'jin',' 
:  win-ji.  \-i  tliL- 
rame  \r^,\w  the 
'I  l.Luc  einuiori, 
ig  u;iy  r::Tns  of 
hi.  cclij.ir  >.'Hi 
rmall  IcaN  wcie 
CCS  wcrt.-  liiico- 

I  the  iflaiid. 

-,  d/A-rn  C(.ik 
tair.ing  a  p;ipLT, 
the  d.i'.e  ot  t'.L- 
cl  )l>.d  two  liUcr 

II  !i,  with  ii'.any 
l''r.  .\')i:,  dean 

cf 


n 


New   DiscovF.i 


of  Lincoln  i  an  1, 
gcntleiiun,  ililling 
K.ivf'.'.  lll.uui. 

He  alio  callnl 
ililtanr  from   tliis 
in!?  call  ancli'ir  ii 
jutolud  in  a  bm 
m<J,'M  Icrve   for  ( 
about  2  >  of  th'-  n 
upon  wliich  'u'  rr; 
hiiii.     'I'luy    wci 
aloMn-fulc,  Init  ki 
cUfjiini;  .i:nl  cxtt 
thi-Mi  Lie  ./an  a  kini 
Ullh  fiMll\'  IS ;   ail< 
iiicnt,  wliiih  it  w, 
frirnJ'lii)) ;  wliilf 
hour,  11  luJ  tip  li 
ariusfxtenile;!  lik 
were  conrti,i"tv.'il 
people  liad  I'.ithcr 
iltr  latiis,  an.l  tli 
fcals,  or  other  .in 
prop]'*  rctiiriied  ( 
hy  the  iiviit  expn 
come   along-fide, 
them.     Some  ot 
common  words 
parts,  hilt   they 
After  they  fi.id  vi- 
ta  them,  t!uy    r 
bv  I'l^ns,  that    tl 
They  accordin;;!; 
the  liiips  were  ui 
tliey  followed  tht 


■a 


J'  R  I N  c  l: 


S:tu".t:v'..  Ri-apt 


■fi 


T 


HIS  inlet 
f.'.'.-i  under 
ii  in  th'.-  latitude 
gave  the  [ilaci-  ui 
rook  uj)  lacir  IL 
I5:w.     • 

Whrii  our  pei 
natives  lame  oil 
one  111  the  olhei 
could  t  irry.  1 
of  ahout  three  fe 
birds,  lallened  t' 
probably  as  tok 
three  received  in 
in  both  great  ;'.ii 
Hired  on  board  t 
of  our  people  1 
thole  who  eame  > 
was  afterwards  f 
made  of  the  Ikir 
head  a  cap,  emi 
appeared  to  valiii 
beads.  Any  kii 
lii;;h  ellini.ition  , 
in  exch.inge  lor 
fine  lea-ottn  Ikii 

Iron  was  a  gi 
fmall  bits,  and  v 
at  le.ill,  and  of 
They  ebiaincd 
time,  it  wis  bee 
of  tl.<  ir  Ipears  v 
per,  a  i  1  a  few  \ 
of  their  ,irro«s, 


New   Discoveries.]  NORTH 

of  Lincoln  ;  an  I,  in  t^-rtimony  of  liis  tftcfni  for  th.'.r 
prntl(-ni..ii,  ilillini^Millicd  the  ilLinil  by  tlu'  mine  ot 
Kiv.-'.  M.iml. 

Hl- alio  lallnl  a  fparious  inlet,  nhnut  three  Itagiie? 
tliltant  (mm  this  ill.ind,  Cape  I  linthiniiioi<f.  I  I  iv- 
int^  call  anchor  imticr  tliis  tape,  Mr.  Cioic  wa,  dil 
ji.iti'htd  in  a  hont,  in  onler  to  Ihoot  fome  biuls  that 
mic'it  Icrve  for  fooi!.  He  had  liircelv  arrived  when 
about  2  ■■  of  th''  natives  appe.ired  in  two  larf;e  canuc ., 
upon  wliith  he  rrtnrneii  to  the  lhip^,  and  they  followc  1 
fijiii.  '1  hi  y  v,cf  tinwiHinij;  however,  to  ventu;  ■ 
«lori_L;-rule,  but  kept  at  a  ihlLinrr,  lli^utintr  aloud,  ad 
clalj'ini'  and  extending  their  arms  alternately.  They 
thi'n  Of  Mil  a  l\ind  of  lonj^.  Their  he.ids  were  (Irewed 
will)  (eathi  l^  i  anil  one  of  tin  ni  held  on'  a  whire  par 
iiierit,  which  it  w..;.  I  ipj'oled  they  irue.ided  a'  a  tolan  of 
tne.'iJ'l  ip ;  wliile  another,  lor  near  a  lUiarter  ni  ,\,[ 
hour,  (I  lud  tip  in  the  can  )e,  entirely  naked,  witii  liis 
arms  extended  lilv- a  i  rof-.,  and.  nntionleH.  Tl.fiic.;n')es 
were  coiil'n  ,i"ti.d  iipni  a  dilVerent  pl.ui  trom  th  ile  our 
piople  had  f.ithfrto  lecn.  Tne  (raiiie  confided  of  llen- 
dcr  latlis,  and  the  outfide  was  formed  of  tiie  Ikins  of 
feajs,  or  other  aninids  of  a  fimilar  kind.  Tlioii;^!i  our 
pi'opl'-  returned  th'.ir  lii^ns  of  amity,  and  endeavoured, 
(iv  the  moll  expreliive  gelbirei,  to  encuuraw  diem  to 
fonic  al'nu^-fide,  thrv  were  iiii.ilile  to  prevail  [\\y)n 
them.  >'>uie  ot  Our  pe  )ple  .illo  repeated  feveral  of  die 
common  words  that  tliev  hid  hiaul  in  the  adjactnt 
j>arts,  hut  they  did  not  appear  to  iinderltand  t!;em. 
After  they  had  received  ibme  prclents  that  were  thrown 
to  them,  they  rctiied  towards  the  lliore,  intinia'i;i!;, 
bv  li-^ns,  that  tlu-v  would  rerurii  the  next  nionu  i/. 
They  accordingly  i  a:ne  oil"  in  live  or  lix  canoes,  but  .is 
the  Ihips  were  under  (ail,  they  could  not  rcaLli,  thoujii 
tliey  fulluwed  them  tor  lome  time. 


J'KINCF.     WILLIAM'S     S  O  L  N  1). 

3  E  C  T  I  O  N     L 

SitusUon.  Rcci'pi'u  n  fintn  t'if  Nr.iiv"..   Tl.cir  .ippnit.'.'i.c 
iind  Brh.iir'hr. 

THIS  inlet  on  the  coail,  ililliniMiilhrd  by  C'ft.'^n 
(W'tk  under  the  name  of  I'rihce  William's  Sound, 
ii  in  the  latitude  of  5(y  dejj.  3;  iiiin.  norrh.  fie  alio 
gavethe  place  where  the  (hips  Reliilution  and  Odiovery 
rook  lip  taeir  llaiion,  ilie  appellation  ot  -^111153  Corner 
Hav.     • 

When  our  people  tirft  entered  the  Bay,  tliree  of  the 
natives  I  ame  ofl'  in  two  canoes,  two  men  in  one,  and 
one  111  the  other,  being  the  number  that  each  canoe 
could  t  irry.  1  he  men  h.ul  each  a  Hick  of  the  lengtli 
of  aliuut  tl.iee  feet,  with  the  large  leathers,  or  wings  of 
biriK,  laliened  to  it.  Tiiele  they  t'reqiiently  In  Id  up, 
probably  as  tokens  of  pe.icf.  'I'he  treatment  thele 
three  received  induced  many  others  to  vilit  the  lliips, 
in  both  great  .uid  fmall  canoes.  Some  of  them  ven- 
tured on  board  the  Kelolution,  though  not  before  fome 
of  our  people  had  llepped  into  their  boats.  Among 
thole  who  came  on  boaid  was  a  middle-aged  man,  who 
Was  a'ttrwards  found  to  be  the  chief.  His  drels  was 
made  of  the  (kin  of  the  (ea-otrer,  and  he  lud  on  his 
head  a  cap,  embellillu  d  witli  (ky-blue  glal's  beads.  He 
a|ipearcii  to  value  thel'-  much  more  than  our  \\\\\'v  glafs 
beads.  Any  kind  of  beads,  however,  leemed  to  be  in 
high  elHmation  amon:^  ihclL'  people,  who  readily  give 
in  exch.!nge  for  them  whatever  they  had,  even  their 
fine  (ea-otttr  (kins. 

Iron  was  a  great  obiert,  but  they  ablblutely  rejefted 
fmall  lilts,  and  wanted  i^ieces  nine  or  ten  inches  long 
at  lead,  and  of  the  breidih  of  thrice  or  lour  !in|vis. 
They  retained  but  little  of  that  article,  as,  by  this 
time,  it  wis  become  rather  (carce.  The  points  of  liime 
of  their  Ijicars  weie  of  this  metal,  others  were  of  cop- 
per, a  id  a  few  were  of  bone;  of  which  lalt  the  points 
of  their  arrows,  darts,  iXc.  were  formed. 


A  M  E  \<  I  C  A. 


■1'7 


1  he  chief  coul-.l  not  be  prevailed  upon  to  v.-ntiirc 
Ix.Iow  the  upp'er  deck,  nord'dJ!-  a.iil  his  ompaniiiis 
continue  I'k-j;  on  board.  V.'hil.-  they  were  on  tioard  it 
w.u,  iircertiry  to  waah  them  n.nv'wly,  .ns  they  forjpi 
minii'd'd  .in  incl:.'v.iri"ii  (i'r  rhieving.  At  length, 
w!:en  they  li.'.d  been  thne  or  t.nir  hours  along  fide  rhc 
R'l  iliih  in,  they  all  i];itted  her,  and  rep.iire.i  to  the 
Dii'.verv,  whicli  l!iip  none  of  them  ind  'jetiire  been 
on  1)!  ard  cf,  except  one  mi:i.  who  came  from  Ivr  at 
tliis  verv  time,  and  imnau!..^^.,  r'urned  to  lu  r,  in 
com;  a;iv  ivi-'i  the  otl^ers. 

'1  iiC  r.arives,  foon  after  quifing  the  Djcvvery, 
made  tliiir  way  towards  the  boat  th.i  was  cmpl  yed  ia 
louiiding.  The  officer  who  was  in  her  obfervii  .■  r'leir 
approach,  returned  to  the  lliip,  and  all  the  caiv  ei  .'ol- 
l.iwed  !,im.  The  crew  of  tiie  boat  had  no  (ooncr  re- 
paired on  board,  le.iving  in  her,  bv  way  of  guard,  two 
of  their  n'lmb'.T,  tl'.,:n  Icveral  of  the  na'i^es  llcpptd 
into  her,  f^ine  of  wluim  prelcnted  their  Ipcars  betiiit; 
tlie  two  men,  while  others  loled  the  rope  by  which  (he 
was  fattened  to  the  (liip,  and  the  refl  were  fo  daring  as 
to  attempt  to  tow  her  awav.  But  tlie  moment  they 
law  our  people  were  preparing  to  oppofe  them,  they 
let  her  go,  (Irppcd  out  of  her  into  their  own  boat-, 
and  n.aile  ligns  to  j;erlu..de  tliem  to  lay  down  their 
ar!;i^. 

The  man  already  mentioned  as  having  condiiified  his 
countrymen  from  the  Relolution  to  the  Difcoveiy,  had 
liill  been  on  board  of  the  latter,  wliere  looking  down 
all  the  h  tchways,  and  t)bl'erving  no  one  except  the  olli- 
cer  of  the  watch,  and  one  or  two  others,  he  doiibtlcU 
imagined  that  tlie  i;;iglu  be  plundered  with  eat'-,  p.ir- 
cicuiariv  a^  llie  was  liationed  at  tome  dilhir.ce  from  thi 
Rl  folutiini.  It  was  iin.inelo'n.iiily  watli  thii  i!"i!-it  that 
the  natives  went  off  to  lier.  Several  of  tiiem  went  on 
board  without  the  leall  Ciremonv,  and  diMwing  tlieir 
knives,  made  (i;;ns  to  the  olllci-,  and  the  other  ptoplc 
upon  deck,  to  keen  off,  and  beg.-.n  to  li^arch  |i)r  j'lun- 
der.  The  tirll  thing  tiicy  l.ud  hoi,  o,'  was  the  ruiklcr 
of  one  of  the  boats,  wi-.tch  tiiey  .;.. mediately  tiirew 
ovrrl'iMiil  to  tiiutc'  of  tlieir  pariv  who  had  cor,:;iu;ed  in 
the  c.ii'.ois.  But  bjl.ire  thty  ha.l  time  to  tiiid  aii.'ther 
oiiiei.'t  that  (Iruck  their  fancy,  the  lliip's  crew  were 
al.irmed,  and  many  of  them,  armed  with  ciit!.;'li.'<i, 
came  upon  deck.  On  oblerving  this,  the  pKir.derers 
all  liieaked  oft"  into  tlitir  canaes,  with  evident  , narks  of 
indili'erence. 

I'rom  tlie  above  ciiciirnnances  it  m.iy  real'i.'-.ahlv  bs 
infirrn-d,  that  thele  people  were  not  acquainted  widi 
fire-arms;  lor  iiad  they  l;no\vn  any  thing  of  their  i  (Vi  cl, 
they  would  by  no  means  have  ventured  to  attempt 
carrying  olF  a  boat  from  under  a  llii|)'s  guns,  in  the  facii 
of  upwards  of  an  hundred  men  ;  fur  moll  of  the  Ri:U>- 
lution's  people  were  looking  at  them  at  r.'ie  very  inll.inc 
of  their  making  the  attempt.  However,  they  were  left 
as  ignorant,  in  this  particular,  as  they  were  found; 
tor  they  iieitlicr  law  or  heard  a  nrjiket  liicd,  except  at 
birds. 

S  F.  C  T  I  O  N     11. 

Pnfoiii,    D)ef>,     Canoe,     Wer.fcns,     Utcnfi'.i,     l\,\l, 

THF  natives  lecn  by  our  vovagcrs  were,  in  general 
o(  a  middling  liature,  tliough  many  of  them 
were  under  it.  They  were  (ijuare,  or  (Irong-chclled, 
with  ihdit  thick  necks,  and  large  broad  vifages,  whiJi 


e  molt  liitiiro- 


wtre,  ti.r  the  moll  jurt,  rather  llat.  The 
portioned  part  of  their  bodies  ajipeared  to  be  their  head-, 
which  were  ot  great  magnitude.  Th.;;  teeth  were  of 
a  tolerable  whitenels,  broad,  well  let,  and  equal  in 
li/e.  Their  notes  had  full  round  points,  turned  up  v.t 
the  tips;  anil  their  eyes,  though  not  fmall,  were  Icarce- 
ly  [Moportioneil  to  the  largtnels  of  tluir  laces.  They 
lud  black  hair,  which  was  (Irong,  llrait,  and  thick. 
I'heir  lirards  were,  in  general,  thin,  or  deficient;  but 
the   luTs  glowing  about  the   lips  of  tliofe   who  hasl 

flicm. 


I 


I 


f« 


.  n 


A  N-IW,  ROVAT.  .NO  AIITII|-Nn.-  <V,VHM  o;    IMVl  irAI.  •  I  OGB.'.iMIV. 


n. 

I . 


I'f 


if. 


I 


468 

t'lrin,  were  I)ri;Uy  or  llilT,  an  i  oftrn  of  .1  liruwi'ini  en 
lour,  aiul  limit-  of  the  tliKny  men  luil  l.iiii',  iImiL, 
Ur.iic  btan.l>. 

Very  fi-..,  h.)we-. er,  conlJ  In- laid  to  In-  Iiaivirume, 
thotiyli  tUtir  i-ouiiti-naiurs,  in  j;i-iitTal  iiulic.iti-.i 
^ranl•.llr^^,  vivacity,  and  gn'id  n.itiirc;  yrc  Ionic  ol 
tlicin  llicvfi!  ;i  iclcrvc  ai.d  liillinnrli.  m  their  alpcit. 
'i  he  f'.ri-s  cilf'Wi  ot'  the  wointn  \n-re  ai;rerab!i- ;  .iml 
niaiiv  <  t'uieii!,  but  principally  the  vouni;:er  ones,  n.it;ht 
c.i'i  y  be  ili.lini^;uil!',cJ  troin  the  ether  Jtx,  by  liie  Upe- 
ii)r  dilicaty  of  ihtir  features.  'Ihe  compkxi  Jii  ot 
ibmc  of  the  females,  and  of  the  iliildren,  was  iWn'e, 
without  any  niixf.n.'  ol  led.  Miny  of  [he  nien,  v!i"iu 
mir  pet  pie  law  nakid,  had  rattier  a  Iwarthy  eail,  v. hich 
\va^  llaKely  the  tlhrt  of  any  Uain,  as  it  is  not  ti.e.r 
ciilVmi  t'>  paint  their  bodies. 

The  men,  women,  and  children,  of  this  I'ninJ,  are 
nil  ihatlitd  in  t!ie  Urn?  m.mner.      Their  ordinary  diels 
i-   a  fort  of  ilole  Irock,  or  rather  robe,  wliich  foinc- 
times  reaches  only  to  the  k-iees,  but  generally  vioun  to 
the  an.les.     !t  has,  at  lae  upper  part,  a  iiolc    luil  liit- 
ficiently  large  to  athiiit  tl.e  lieail,  uirh  llceves  teaehint; 
to  the  waiil      Thefc  frociis  are  compoied  of  the  Ikiiis  (.( 
Various  animals,  fikh  a^   the  grey  fox,  racoon,  pine- 
martin,  li:a-tjtter,  leal,  &.C.    and   they    are    comnioniy 
wnrn  V, iih  the  luiry  fide  outwards.     Some  ot  the  na- 
tives have  thtir  frocks  made  of  the  fl..ins  ot  lowls,  uitli 
oalv  the  down  left  on  them,  which  they  pluc  upon  other 
li.bilances.     One  or  two  were  leen  with  woollen  g.ir- 
liiuitj.     At  the  learns,  where  the  dilf'crcnt  iTvins  arc 
Jewed  t"g!  thcr,  they  arc  ulually  adorned  with  tringcs 
<T  t. dials  of  narrow  diont^s,  cut  out  of  the  i.me  Ikins. 
'I'liere  is  .(  fjrt  of  Cape  or  collar  to  a  few  of  them,  and 
ibme  liave  a  houd ;  but  the  other  is  the  moll  cutb  mary 
1  rm,  and  appears  to  c^vr'^itite  their  whole  df  .s  in 
f.iii    '.,k,;.iur.      rhry  put  over  this,  when  it  is  rainy, 
another   frork,  uiaui.   with   fbine   defzree  of  ii  gcnuity 
front  the  inui'ines  of  wh.-.le.s  or  of  fome  otlier  Urj;c 
animal,  prep.'.ed  with  llich  Hall,  as  to  refemble,  in  a 
great  mealure,  our  gold-b'-rrers  leaf.     It  is  formed  lo 
as  to  be  drawn  tii^ht  rrmnd  tiie  neck;  and  its  lleeve^ 
t-xrmd  down  to  the  wrill,  round  whicli  they  arc  l.tiKiied 
witr,  :;  iirii;;'.     W'h^n  they  are  in  t.'ieir  canoe.-.,  thi-v 
draw  the  ll<irts  uf  tliis  I'luck  over  the  rim  ol  tiie  hole  in 
whicii  thiV  (it,  fo  that   the   water  is   [jr-r.-ented   iruiu 
entering.     At  the  lame  jnie  it  keeps  the  men  dry  tip- 
ward',  i  fir  n.)  -.v.tter  can.  penetiaie  througli  it.     It  is 
apt  to  i:r:,i  k  or  bi>'.\k,  if  it  is  not  conllaiuiv  kept  iiioisl. 
'i'his  frock,  as  veil  a^  the  common  one  made  of  Ikins, 
is  nc.uly  limilar  to  the  diels  of  the  natives  of  ( ireenl.md. 
Some  of  tiiem  wear  a  kind  of  Ikin  ilockings,  reaciiing 
i-.alt  way  ii|i  tlitir  thighs,     l-'ew  of  them  are  without 
mitten^    lor   tiitir   liands,  formed   from   the    Ikin-j  of 
hears  paws,     '['hole  who  wear  any  thing  on  their  heads 
refembir,   in   this  particular,   the   people   of  Xcjotka, 
having    high    tr'incated,    conical   caps,   rompoled   of 
lir.'.w,  and  ioincfi;i-.es  o:  wocd. 

The  hair  of  the  men  i>  commonly  cropped  round  the 
forehead  an;',  neck,  but  the  females  fulfer  it  to  grt.w 
lai-..I.  The  grcttclt  parr  of  them  tie  a  lock  of  it  on  the 
crouc,  wi-.iic  a  few  club  it  behind,  after  our  method. 
huth  the  men  aaJ  womc.i  [Kiioiate  their  ears  with  I'e- 
vcral  lioles,  ub^iit  the  outer  and  lower  part  of  the  edge, 
wlierein  they  fui'pend  fhiali  bt.nchc;  of  beads.  Tliev 
alio  peif(;ratc  the  /'tfi(7)i  of  the  nofe,  tiiouj^h  which 
they  often  thriiil  the  quill  leathers  of  birds,  or  httle 
bcndin;'_ornaT.e:'ts,  ii-.tdc  of  a  tubuloiis  Ihelly  li.b- 
fliince,  llrun^  0,1  a  llilfojrd,  of  the  ienpth  ot  thn-e  or 
fin:r  in'  hes,  v.h'.cii  give  them  a  ridicukais  and  grc:(-!(]iie 
apj-eaijnce.  i',::t  the  moll  extraordinary  oriuur.ental 
faflioii,  and  which  is  adopted  by  iome  of  the  natives  of 
htith  i'.-xe?,  is  liieir  haviiv;  the  under  lip  cut  quite  thro' 
lengdiways,  lather  below  the  fwelling  part.  ^i::^  inci- 
lion  frequenuy  'Ncreds  t\'.o  inches  in  lengih,  and,  ei- 
ti  <-r  bv  its  M;:tLial  rctrawion  while  the  wound  is  Hill 
frcdi,  or  i>y  t!:e  repetiticii  of  f,me  aitilicial  manage- 
iiien%  a:i  ires  the  apjKarance  and  ll.a|)»-  of  lip-,  and 
bctoiii.^  I.hicieiitly  laig.;  to  adn.it  the  tongue  tlirough. 
4 


This  happened  to  be  th  •  call-  when  a  pcriin,  with  liis 
under  lip  iMU-  Iht,  was  lirll  lecn  by  one  of  oir  l.»ilors, 
uho  iinme-.'iatviy  er.laimed,  that  the  man  luui  two 
nioiid..,  wi.itii,  iii'.'c-.d  is  gnatly  relt-mlikd.  They 
lix  in  this  ai.ituia!  n;oi>ili  a  flat,  narrow  kind  ot  oriia- 
nieni,  m.i  le  pvirHipally  01. t  of  a  f^lid  Ihill  or  lione,  cut 
into  ;iii,;!l  n.iirow  picc«.s,  like  lei. lii,  aimo!U!i.wn  to  tlu; 
b.ii'e,  01  il.itl\  p.tri,  which  ha>,  at  each  end,  a  1  rojiCt- 
i.ng  bit,  that  Icivrs  to  Uippoit  1;  when  |M.t  into  i!ie  di- 
vided l;p,  the  tut  part  ih'.n  appearing  oiituaius.  Some 
of  ihrin  onlv  perlorare  the  lower  lij)  into  fep  ir.^.te  holes  : 
on  wlrcii  occaiion  the  ornament  conlids  uf  the  f.imc 
iiumh  r  of  liiliiiict  llieily  Ihids,  the  pu'ints  of  which  art; 
thrull  tluinigh  ti-.eie  iicles,  ami  tl'.iir  hi  ails  a['pear 
witiiin  the  lip,  not  i.nhkc;  aiiothtr  i.)v<  ot  teeth  utulcr 
ih,ir  natural  ones. 

r.elides  the  nat^-e  ornaments  of  tht  fe  people,  were 
ohfervirit  among  'hem  many  beads  <  I  Luropean  manu- 
laiture,  chielly  of  a  p.ile  blue  colotir,  winch  aie  hung 
in  their  ears,  or  about  their  cajis,  or  are  joiiietl  to  their 
lip  oinamenfs,  whicli  iiisve  a  little  Ifdc  t'lihed  in  each 
of  the  piiints  to  whiJi  they  are  lalUneti,  and  others  tt> 
them,  tiii  they  l<)niei;mes  even  hang  as  i-ng  as  t!ie  p.oint 
of  the  chin.  In  this  lall  cafe,  however,  diey  cannot 
remove  them  with  fuch  facility j  for,  wi:h  rif[cct  to 
tluir  own  lip-orn.imuiis,  they  cm  t.dte  thciii  out  witii 
their  tongue  at  plealu-i-.  liiey  likewile  wear  br.icelets 
ofbcaiis,  made  t'f  a  fnellv  I'.ibu.mce  ;  or  others' of  a  fV- 
lindrical  firm,  compoird  of  a  fibllame  reler'.bling 
a;i.b(.r.  They  are,  in  gcicral,  10  toad  ot" ornaments  of 
Iome  kind  or  other,  that  thty  fit:  ai-.y  tiling  in  their  p-er- 
forated  lip;  (or  one  ot  them  app,eared  with  two  iron 
nails  proicding  like  piongs  Iroin  it*  and  another  one 
attempted  to  put  a  large  brali,  button  into  ir. 

The  men  often  p.iint  their  faces  of  a  biack  c  lour, 
and  of  a  brii'Jii  red,  and  ff.n-.etinies  of  a  blaill)  (jr  K-adeii 
hue,  but  not  in  any.  regi;!,ir  figure.  The  woman 
pu.i'-ture  or  flain  the  chin  with  blatk,  that  comes  to  a 
point  in  each  ol  the  ir  cheeks  -,  a  t  ullom  (imilar  to  which 
is  in  vogKc  among  tile  Greenland  fenriles.  Th.eir  bo- 
liiei  are  not  jiainted,  which  may  prob.ibly  he  ov, ing  t) 
the  Icarcity  of  maiei  ial-.  fiir  that  puriHile ;  all  tiie  colours 
wiiic'i  they  lirought  for  tale  being  in  very  lin.ill  tpian- 
titics.  (.;//,'«  fVr;;  i,l;;Vrvei,  upon  ti,e  whole,  that  ia 
no  couniry  lie  liad  ic.n  l.ivages  wl.o  tike  more  pains 
^haii  thcie  do  to  ornaiiient,  or  rather  to  disfigure,  their 
peiiO'... 

Tiicir  canoes  are  of  two  forts,  the  one-  large  anil 
open,  tlie  other  fmall  anid  covered.  Tlic  larger  re- 
(eniMe,  in  their  conllruction,  the  great  or  woman's 
boat  ol  Greeniaiitl,  with  no  other  liiHerence  than  in  the 
((jtm  ot  the  liead  and  lit  rn,  particularly  of  the  former, 
wiiii  h  is  fomewli..t  like  that  of  the  hc.ivi.  The  framing 
coniills  of  flender  |  ieces  fif  wood  ;  antl  the  oiithde  is 
compoied  of  the  ikins  of  feals,  or  rather  Ii  a  anim.lls, 
liretched  over  tlic  wood.  'I  he  fniaiier  canoes  are 
made  of  the  fame  f;rm  and  mateii.ils  with  thole  of  the 
Klqiiimatix  and  (ireenlandcrs,  antt  curved  on  the  fore 
part  like  the  head  of  a  violin. 

Many  of  their  fpcars  arc  headed  with  iron,  and  their 
arrows  are  generally  pointet!  with  bone.  Tlieir  larger 
darts  are  tiirown  by  means  of  a  piece  of  wood  about  a 
foot  long,  with  a  fmall  groove  in  the  mi.ldle,  wiiKh  re- 
ceives the  dart:  at  tlie  bottom  is  a  hole  for  the  recep- 
tion of  one  linger,  whicli  enables  them  to  gralp  tlic 
piece  of  wood  much  lirmer,  ami  to  throw  witii  greai;r 
(ince.  I'or  defenlive  armour  tliey  have  a  fott  cf  picket, 
or  ccat  of  mail,  f  m,ed  of  laths,  fallened  t<vetlur  with 
finews,  which  renders  it  very  ilexible,  thougii  it  is  in 
dole  as  not  to  admit  a  dart  or  arrow.  It  fervcs  only  to 
cover  the  trunk  of  the  body,  and  may  not  iinpropcily 
be  compared  to  the  llays  of  women. 

Our  vovagers  luul  not  an  opporttinity  of  lieinj?,  any 
of  the  haiiirations  of  tliele  people,  as  none  of  them 
dwelt  in  the  bay  where  our  ihips  anch.oied,  or  where 
.my  of  them  landeil.  With  relptttl  to  their  vkmieflic 
iitenfils,  they  broughr,  in  their  canoes,  foire  rounil  and 
oval  wooden  dilhes,  rather  lliallow  j    and  otiitrs  nf  a 

lyliralricil 


^A 


MIV. 


Th  n,  wiili  Ills 
ot  o'.ir  lAilorsi 
111.111  huJ  twu 
inlilid.  They 
kliiii  <Jt  oriu- 
II  or  liinii',  iiic 
I  !U!..VMi  to  the 
lu),  u  j.r()ji.ct- 
.t  inro  [lie  lii- 
M  aius.  Sonic 
il-p.irnte  holt's : 
I  uf  thf  fame 
's  ol  vJiich  are 
hiai'i-i  appear 
ot  tttth  u.'ulcr 

:  pen;  li-,  uere 
jroptjn  iiianu- 
IikIi  arc  liung 

jo!i)f  J  to  their 
I'llik-Li  in  catii 

aiui  ethers  to 
•iig  as  t!ic  point 
T,  thi  y  cannot 
vi;!i  riljc/t  to 
thciii  mil  witii 

\u-ar  hracfiets 

others'  ot  a  f  v- 
Mie  rciiT'.bling 
i)t  oniaiiiCiits  of 
injj  ill  their  per- 

with  two  iron 
nd  anotJKT  one 
')  if. 
*  black  CI  luLT, 

bl::i!])  or  ii'ajcll 

The  woinaii 
li.u  conits  to  a 
funilar  tt)  wliicli 
fs  'I'I'.cir  bu- 
lly he  ov.  ir.^i  t) 
;  all  tiic  Colours 
.ry  liniU  ijii.iii- 
:'  whole,  that  ia 
ike  more  pains 
(Jibiigiirc,  thtir 

one  large  and 
ri'.c  firjitr  re- 
at  or  xvom.in's 
ciice  than  in  the 
^  of  the  former, 
.  'I'lic  traming 
.1  the  oiitfuie  ts 
her  lia  anim.lL>-, 
iier  canoes  arc 
ith  thofe  ot  tiic 
veil  on  the  fore 

I  iron,  and  their 
.  I'lieir  lart^er 
f  wood  about  a 
i'lille,  wiiith  re- 
.'  (or  the  ntep- 
m  to  gr.iiji  tiie 
ow  witn  gieaivr 
■  a  lii;  t  <''t  jacket, 
id  to^',rthir  \\nl\ 
though  it  h  fcj 
It  Irrves  only  to 
not  iinpropeily 

ty  of  I'c-cin;?;  any 
'  none  of  then* 
loicd,  (I  V  here 
o  their  vioiiieflic 
foii'f  roi'n<l  and 
and  otiicrs  nf  a 
cyliuiiriral 


/    .U.LV  OF 


n 


R/.XCF.    )VlLLfAMS  SOI 


wn 


■* 


r^=- 


r^i\ 


'  '.?Sfc*-i     !i.    -  ■  -..    - 


/ 


■^ 


■IS 


I 


'17;.'!/. /.A'  /-;/-•  Pfii yc /•:  '^'/lijams  s ocy /) 


t'.* 


X 


K'eW   DtSCOVERJE 

cvlimlriral  form,  c 

fiiU'il  III  oiiL-  jncc 

our  clii')   boxr*,  I 

thoiitM  1  tlie  bciiun 

w.mkI.     Others  wi 

vk-^AV.   tif^iirf,  no 

witUoiit  any  liaiuUt 

|H)lkl')fa  pifccof 

were  fomt-tiiiKs  ii 

of  little  r<)ii.irc  bat 

exterior  frocks,  ci 

fcatlitrs  iiitrrwovc 

Ic-vrral  vci  V  tint: 

nuilc  out  «l  tluin, 

'I'luy  iiki\Nifc  bn 

ciivirs,  i!.L\jin-rol 

hold  water,  anil  a 

«;f  the  Itiif'ili  off 

lhi|}eil,  whicli  ^^f 

f  mluUiihed  with  ( 

lie.uls.     Our  peof 

w<  re  inrenilcd  nu- 

ill  vmcr.iui.n,   as 

ami  rtl.itions   ;ini 

pofe.     Tluy  Iwvi 

tJirec  hoo[i^,  or  t 

crolii-bar  fixed  in 

To  thcic  they  li) 

with   thrcatis,  wli 

noif.',  anil  thns  i' 

loniriv.ince   ii   |" 

bird  at  Kinq  Geo 

It  is  uncertain 

fraiiu-i  of  ranoc! 

ferve  i  among  the 

what  rclembling  : 

the  I'aciHc  Occ< 

iron  knives,  fonii 

ftr.iij^ht,  and  liim 

tiles,  with  the  bl 

knives  (>'  anothc 

length,  ihaped,  i 

with  a  ridge  towa 

ihraths  of  iV/mb, 

\mder  their  robe 

them  only  as  wej 

apfilie  i  to  d.ifTere 

Upon  the  v.h, 

the  natives  of  tills 

a  country  almoll 

the   comparative 

work,  with,  it  aj 

and  invention,  i 

lead  eiiual  to  an) 

'I'he  food  tlie> 

animal,  either  n 

of  tlie  former,  t 

of  bear's  flclh. 

root,  eitlier  bale 

Some  of  our  pc 

ftance  which  the 

)pine  bark.     Tli 

for,  in  tlieir  can 

fels,  which  they 

nor  of  eating  is 

took  care  to  rcn 

food  i  and  thou 

fat  of  fome  fea  r 

fully  into  mouth 

ancc,  always  ch 

kept  in  excellen 

With  lefpeft 

this  foui.d,  it  ii 

iinderfloud,  per 

which  tlieir  wor 

lift  the  fame  w( 

it  was  the  opini 

that   if  they   li 

'''^■,-  No. 


Kew  DiscovERrn.] 


NORTH      A  M  r.  U  I  C  A. 


4^? 


cvlindriral  form,  conlilcrably  ilcrpfr.  Tiir  fiJrs  (on- 
fnlcil  111  one  piece,  lu-iit  iduikI,  .ifror  tliL*  iii.iii:  r  dl 
our  chill  bnxrs,  hut  tliick,  anl  rif.ulv  t.ilhuiJ  with 
thoii;;' i  the  iMittotn.  lH:iii[;  lixtcl  in  »i:ii  lin.ill  |)i<!s  (  '" 
Wdoil.  Others  wiTC  fi)in<:wli.it  lin.iller,  aiul  uf  .i  u\nn: 
cltrMfi':  tiKUfi  ""t  iit'liko  a  lir;;i:  oval  l)iitccr  bo.it, 
vnthoiit  aiiy  handle,  but  llulliiwcr.  Thili-  wc;c  com- 
iK)levlofa  |iifcc  of  wood,  or  loinc  horny  I'ubll  incr,  .ind 
were  rometiinrs  neatly  f.uve.l.  'I'hey  hail  a  nuiiib'-r 
o("  little  lijiiare  bu',*,  male  ni'  the  lii  iie  jj'it  wi'h  their 
exterior  (r.)cks,  mrijully  ailonml  with  very  f;n. ill  fil 
feathers  iiitrrw.ivi-n  witii  it,  in  wliiili  weie  containrii 
levrral  vciv  line  llnrwj,  an.l  biimile'.  of  linall  loril, 
nuilc  oMt  of  ilitm,  plaitril  wi;h  extra. irdinarv  in^enuiiy. 
They  liki'Aifc  brou^lit  fome  wooden  models  of  tlieir 
raivirs,  iLeijiirrcil  balketi,  wrought  lb  rlolily  a  to 
hold  wjter,  and  a  ronlulci  ible  number  of  finall  innj^cs, 
ijf  the  Icii'di  of  f  Mir  cr  live  in'  Irs,  eiihir  of  wnod,  or 
lliiD'eil,  which  v.erc  lovrred  wiili  a  piite  of  fur,  and 
cnUulliihed  wiihinull  f».',ithcrb,  v.nh  liiir  fixeil  on  their 
heads.  Our  people  eoiik!  f)t  determine  whether  tli.  k 
were  inrcnilcd  nu-reiy  a.x  chiklrcii's  toys,  or  were  held 
in  vrner.i:i».n,  as  re;  ii fentinjj  their  dcceafed  friends 
and  rtlar.ons  iind  applied  to  fjine  fiipcrlliuoiis  piir- 
pnfe.  Tluy  have  ni.u-.y  iiillriimrnts  f irineil  of  two  or 
llirce  hoop^,  <ir  Lor-.cr'iiuical  pieces  of  W(jovl,  having  a 
crols-bar  fixed  in  tiic  niiilJIe,  by  wlucli  they  are  hel  1. 
Tij  tiiclb  tlu-y  lix  a  nuiulKr  o(  ilriid  barnaclc-lhells, 
with  threads,  wliirli,  v. I, en  i1„d»en,  produce  a  loud 
noife,  ant!  thus  fcrve  the  piiriioll-  of  a  rattle.  This 
ciMUtivance  is  pi-jbably  a  IliblUtute  for  the  rattling 
bird  at  Kin;^  George's  Sound. 

It  is  uncertain  with  what  tools  their  wooden  utcnrds, 
frames  of  canoes,  &.C.  are  made,  thf;  only  one  ob- 
ferve  I  among  them  being  a  l.ind  of  Hone  adze,  fome- 
what  relembli;;g  thole  of  Ori'.hcitt,  and  other  illands  in 
the  I'acitic  Ocean.  They  have  a  great  quantity  of 
iron  knives,  lomc  of  which  arc  rather  i  urved,  others 
ibaight,  and  l()me  very  fmall  ones,  fixed  in  1  ingidi  li.ui- 
tlles,  with  the  blides  bent  upwaids.  'I'hey  have  alfo 
knives  <>'  another  lore,  fometiines  alinolt  two  teet  in 
lei-.gth,  ihaped,  in  a  great  iivaUire,  like  a  <!a^gir, 
vitli  a  rldtr-"  t'i\''.iids  tiie  luidjle.  'I'licy  wear  thilc  in 
Ihraihs  of  i1-/inh,  hung  by  a  tii  jiig  round  liieir  necks, 
iimler  their  robe  or  tnjck.  It  is  probable  that  they  ulc 
them  only  as  weapons,  and  that  tlieir  other  knives  are 
ap|)lied  to  difTerent  purp  -fes. 

Upon  the  uli.'le,  confidering  the  uncivilized  (late  of 
the  natives  of  tl-.l.>  Ibund,  tir-ii  northerly  firuatim  amidit 
a  country  alinoll  continually  covered  with  Inow,  and 
the  comparatively  wretched  material  th^'y  have  to 
■work  wltii,  it  appe."S  t!iar,  with  refpedt  to  tlieir  II. ill 
and  invention,  in  all  manual  operations,  ihcy  are  at 
lead  eqtial  to  any  other  peo[ile. 

The  food  they  were  lien  to  eat  was  the  flelh  of  fome 
anirual,  either  roadcd  or  broiled,  and  dried  Hfli.  Some 
of  the  former,  tiiat  was  piircliafid,  had  the  appearance 
of  bear's  ikih.  Tiiey  lii^ewife  eat  a  larger  l()rt  of  fern- 
root,  either  baked,  or  drelVed  in  fome  other  method. 
Sonic  of  our  people  oblerved  tlicm  eat  freely  of  a  fub- 
ftance  which  they  imagined  was  the  interior  part  of  the 
jiine  bark.  Their  drink,  in  all  probability,  is  water ; 
for,  in  their  canoe?,  they  brought  fnow  ia  wooden  vef- 
fcls,  which  thvy  fwallowed  by  mouthfuls.  Their  m.^n- 
ner  of  eating  is  decent  ami  cleanly,  for  tluy  conllantly 
took  care  to  rcmovt  any  dirt  that  micht  adhere  to  their 
food;  and  though  tliey  woukl  Ibmetimes  eat  tl;e  ra. 
fat  of  fome  fea  animal,  they  did  not  fail  to  cut  it  care- 
fully into  mouthfuls.  Their  pt  rfons  were,  to  appear- 
ance, always  clean,  and  their  utenfils,  in  general,  were 
kept  in  exi-ellent  order,  as  w-ere  alf  >  their  boats. 

\\'ith  lefpefl  to  the  language  of  tlie  inhabitants  of 
this  liiuiid,  it  aj-pearcd  to  our  pet^ple  dilficult  to  be 
imderdood,  perhaps  owing  to  tiic  various  figniiications 
which  their  words  bear;  lor  they  fecmcd  frciiuently  to 
ufc  the  fame  word  on  very  dilTcrent  occafions ;  though 
it  was  the  opinion  of  the  fpeculative  part  of  our  people, 
that  if  they  had  a  longer  intercourfe  with  their 
,^,  No.  43- 


this  miglit  probably  have  provcil  to  be  a  niillake  on 

their  part. 

.s  i:  C  T  I  O  N'    IM. 

Uf.'Jh,  lit.h,  Fijh,  l'rr,f.,M,j,  and  MilnU,  cf  Prlret 
\Vil!ui'ii'i  Sound.  (A'lijdUrts  u/tcuce  the  Aativtt 
piihuri-  Bfi'di  and  Ircn, 

O'  'R  voyagers  rotiKI  derive  no  otiier  knnwl  dgf  rf 
ihe  .iiiimds  of  thi .  part  of  ihr  w  rid,  thaT  what 
t.iry  obciiiitd  froMi  tlit  'L.as  that  were  brought  by  the 
natives  for  lale.  'I'hrle  were  rliiclly  of  bears,  common 
and  pine  mirtins,  fca-eitrers,  I'eals,  ncoi  nr.,  fnall 
ermines,  (()XtN,  an  I  the  whitilli  cat  or  lynx.  Among 
thele  variolic  (kins  the  moll  common  were  tliole  of  ra- 
(■'»  )ns,  martins,  and  fci  o'rer  ,  which  cc^nrtitutrd  the 
ordinary  drcf>  of  thefe  [jcjple.  The  Ik'ns  of  feal.  anil 
bears  were  alfo  prettv  c  unnon  ;  and  the  former  were, 
in  gene,al,  vdii.e,  brs'ititully  I'poitul  with  bhck,  or 
fiiiietimes  (imply  white;  and  many  of  the  bears  hce 
were  of  a  dark  brown  hue. 

Here  is  the  white  bear,  of  whofe  (kins  fhe  na- 
tives brought  feveral  pieces,  an.,  fome  cmi,'!'"'r  Ikins 
of  cubs.  There  is  alio  the  woi>lveriiu',  or  quick havch, 
whofe  fkin  has  very  bright  colours;  an  I  a  larger  freries 
of  ermine  than  the  common  one,  varied  witfi  brown, 
and  having  fcarcelv  an/  black  on  its  tail.  Tnr  fkin  of 
the  head  of  fome  very  large  .inimal  w.ib  lik:*v^ife  brought 
to  out  people,  but  they  could  not  poittiveiv  decide 
what  it  was;  though,  from  the  colour  and  ihaggincfs 
of  the  hail ,  and  its  not  reU-mb'.mg  any  land  a.-.imal, 
t'n  ,  coniecluied  that  it  might  be  that  of  the  male  ur- 
line  feal,  or  fca-bear.  One  of  the  moll  heautili!  fkins 
that  came  under  their  obfervati'ii  was  that  of  a  linall 
aiiim.d,  near  a  foot  in  Kngtli,  of  a  tjrown  dl  i"r  on 
the  l)ack,  with  a  number  ol  oblcnrr  whitilh  fpecks, 
the  fides  hting  of  a  bloiili  aili  colour,  witli  a  few  of 
thele  fpecks.  The  tail  is  r.boiit  a  third  part  of  the 
length  of  the  body,  and  is  covered  with  wliititii  hair. 
Thi-.  aiiiiiial  is  the  fame  with  thir  calle.l  by  Mr.  S'x'h- 
lin,  in  his  account  of  the  N'cw  No'-thern  .'\rchipelago, 
the  fp-ticd  field- moufe.  B'lt  whether  it  was  really  of 
the  in  j'.ife  kin  1,  or  the  fqtiirrel,  could  not  be  deter- 
mined fir  want  of  an  entire  Ikin. 

0(  birds  f>und  here  were  the  halcyon,  or  king's 
fi.lier,  the  fliag,  the  white  headed  cigle,  and  the  hum- 
ming bird,  which  often  Hew  about  the  lliij>s  as  they 
lay  at  anchor.  The  water  fowl  fccn  were  black  'iti- 
pie>,  gcefe,  a  fmall  fort  of  ducks,  liiipc;,  groul'e, 
plovers,  &c.  &c.  There  is  a  fpecies  of  the  diver  pe- 
culiar to  the  place,  and  of  the  fize  of  a  partri.lge. 

The  chief  filli  brought  by  the  natives  for  lale  were 
torik  and  halibut ;  and  our  ]ieople  caught  fxne  fcul- 
pins  about  the  (liip,  with  llar-filli  of  a  piirpli:}i  hue. 
that  had  fixteen  or  eighteen  rays.  I'he  rocks  were  al- 
moft  dellitute  of  lliell  'illi ;  and  the  only  other  animal 
of  this  tribe  obfcrved,  was  a  rcddilli  crab,  covered  with 
very  large  fpincs. 

Kew  vegetables  of  any  kind  were  feen.  The  trees 
that  chiefly  grew  about  this  found  were  the  Canadian 
antl  fpruce  pine,  fome  of  which  were  of  a  conliderable 
fize. 

The  metals  feen  here  were  iron  and  copper,  both  of 
waich,  but  more  particularly  the  former,  were  in  fuch 
abundance,  as  to  form  the  points  of  numbers  of  their 
hiuces  and  arrows.  I'hc  ores  which  they  made  ulc  of 
to  paint  themlelvcs  with,  were  a  brittle,  unifluous,  red 
ochre,  or  iron  ore ;  a  pigment  of  a  bright  blue,  and 
black  le.ul.  I'.ach  of  thele  fcemcd  to  be  very  Icarce 
among  them.  Copper  the!';  people,  perh.ii.is  procure 
by  their  own  means,  or,  at  moll,  it  pall'es  to  them 
through  few  hands;  for  when  our  [^eoplc  oll'ered  anv 
of  it  by  w.iy  of  barter,  they  ufed  to  exprei's  its  being  i.i 
fullicicnc  plenty  among  them  by  pointing  to  their 
weapons,  as  if  they  meant  to  intimate,  .that,  as  they 
had  lb  much  for  th-'r  own,  there  was  no  occafion  for 
incrtafing  theii  ..3ck, 

6  C  JIJ 


H 


-tl 


«• 


•if 


'r' 


A  NKW.  ROYAI.  anh  AUTIIKNTIC  SYSTRM  or  .MVFR-AL  GI-OOR Al'l  IV. 


ir,  liow.-vcr,  the  n:i'.ivts  of  tiiis  iiilfC  arc  furniliie.l 
\vltli  1-iiropcan  CommnJ.itics  hv  im-ins  ot"  tiuiii  tiTHic- 
liiatc  tr.iuk  t.,  th'-  e.i,;-rn  oull,  ii  ii  nitlx  r  rcmark.ihle 
th,it  th.v  iV.o.ild  nsvti,  ill  rfturn,  liiivc  lupplicd  ihc 
iiK'rr  in'Miivl  IikIi.ws  ^^i;h  loiiK  of  tlicir  Ici-otUT  ikub, 
v,\wU  wcuild  Miidoubtaily  have  ai^pc.ired,  at  loiiic  tiiiK- 
ur  dtlier,  in  tlic  cnvinms  of  1  ludlon's  ISav. 

The  natives  of  this  place  iimll  doiihtU-K  have  recciv- 
rl  from  foine  more  eivili/.ed  naiioii  the  beads  and  iron 
found  anions  them.  Our  vov.iacr:.  were  ahiioll  cer- 
tain tint 


they  were  the  firll  iMii.iiKans  with  whom  they 


had 


!ia 


.!  a  direct  coiniininieaiion  ;  and  it  rcmamtd 


iw  he  d.acrnv.r.ed  from  what  tp.iarter  they  had  procured 
t!ude  manufactures  hv  iiuermediate  conveyance.  It  is 
ino.-e  tiian  'irobahie  that  they  iud  obtainetl  thele  arti- 


,-.ro'.:!'h  ti'.e  intervention  o 


if  the  more  idand  tribes, 
either  from  the  fettlcments  ab(juc  I  ludfon's  Bay,  or 
thole  on  t'ue  lakes  of  Can.ida ;  iinlels  the  fuppolition 
can  be  admitted  that  the  llufTians,  h'om  Kamlch.itka, 
have  already  e.^:tendcd  tlieir  trallk  to  this  dilfance  -.  or 
tliat  the  na-ives  of  ti-.eir  moll  eallerly  iilands  carry  on 
an  intercourfe  along  tiie  coail  wi'li  the  inhabitants  of 
riince  William's  bound.  ^ 

•Jhere  arc  twj  pail-.-es  iiiU)  the  inf  t  tliat  leads  to 
Prince  William's  Soun.l,  feparated  from  eaJi  other  bv 
an  ifund  that  extends  i3  Ica-ies  in  the  diredion  of 
fomli-wal  and  r.orth-eaO,  to  whitli  ( ..7 /.■;,■/;  Cvd:  -.ive 
the  apiirllation  of  Montague  Ulai.d. 

Ill  thi:.  channel  aa-  feveral  iliands.  Thole  ritup.tc  in 
the  ei-.tran-e  next  the  ojxn  fea  are  elevated  and  rocky, 
'i'lvle  tl-.at  arc  within  are  low;  and  as  tin  v  were  totally 
fiee  from  \M^--',  "aid  covered  with  wood,  and  verdure, 
thev  were  denominated  Green  Iliands. 

A,  (,■.•■■..•(;;  Cc;,v  was  purfuing  his  voyage,  feeing  the 
ap-.araii'ce  of  a  final,  became  to  .mchor.  Two  ca- 
n.)t:.,  v.i:h  a  man  in  each,  th-n  came  oif  to  the  Ihip. 
It  coll  tlicm  (oiiie  labour  to  paJ.dle  acrol',  the  llrong 
ti.ie;  and  they  hclirated  a  little  before  they  dared  ven- 
ture to  approacli.  One  of  them  wa*  very  loquacious, 
but  to  r.o  1  urpofe,  f^r  the  J-'.uropeans  could  not  under- 
Hand  a  fvilable  he  laid.  While  lie  was  talking,  he 
kept  cjiituiuallv  pointing  to  the  lliore,  which  was  lup- 
pofed  to  be  an  invitatit.n  for  our  peopJe  to  go  thitlier. 
(,.,";,;..'  (.,. /J  madediema  prefent  of  a  lew  trillcb,  u.'iich 
he  conveyed  to  them  from  the  quarter  gallery.  Thele 
■p.eoplelUonglv  re fembkd  thole  leen  in  Prince  William's 
Suuiul,  both  in  dreU  and  perfon.  Their  canoes  were 
alio  cunilrudcd  in  the  fame  manner.  ^  One  uf  thele  vi- 
fuors  kerned  to  liave  no  beard,  and  liiJate  was  paintrd 
uf  a  iet  black:  the  ether,  who  was  older,  was  not 
painted,  but  he  had,  a  large  beard,  and  a  countenance 
like  the  common  fort  of  people  in  the  found.  .Snioak 
was  feen  upon  the  fiat  wellern  Ihore,  whence  it  was  in- 
ferred, that  thofc  lov.er  Ipots  were  the  only  places  in- 
h„bi:ed, 

COOK'S      R  I  \    I .  R. 

r  /'-  .■,■••■*.■  I'f  fiid  Ci'iM.'M-  r:i;i'cc>:t :  -anih  iw.  Acfci'.Kl  rj 


M: 


,  Ciij!',H(',  ].iiii^U('^c,i^'c.  0/  ihe  Sutn.i. 


CAfn'.MN'COOKobfrved,  in  his  progrefson  this 
I  .,al^,  t!iat  the  water,  till  he  arrived  ar  a  certain 
Ipot,  int'-.el.ititude  of  6j  deg.  8  niin.  retained  an  ci|ual 
degree  of  laknefs,  both  at  higli  ami  low  water,  but  here 
the  matks  of  a  liv-er  evidently  appeared.  I  iavi:-.;;  an- 
tiiore'.l  uiider  a  ;  oir.t  of  land,  the  w.iter  wliich  vv.is  taken 
up  w.:s  iii;:./h  more  frclh  than  any  our  peojile  had  tall- 
Cil,  wlie;,.-"  t  u-y  roiuluded  that  they  we;e  in  .1  laige 
rivir,  .uid  I..)!  in  a  Ibait,  whiili  had  a  comnuinication 
w  ii  t!)e  northern  h.v-.  Having  proceeded  tlius  far, 
il.ty  '.vi  re  anxious  t )  ha  .'e  llronger  proois,  and  iii-ri.f  ii<_- 
wei^lied  iwth  the  iiood,  and  drove  up  uidi  the  t.dc, 
havin.g  Init  little  wind. 

1'.  >•  tide  ib  very  conful'-rable  in  this  ;ivi-r,  and 
f^rerdy  adills  to  faLilr.aie  ihe  iiavigati(jn  of  it.  In  the 
llrcuiii  it  is  liii'.h  watei  between  two  and  three  o'clock, 
ijn  the  iM's  oi  the  new  and  full  moon ,  .md  the  tide  riles 


between  three  and  f  ur  fidioii^.  'I'l.c  nr^'ith  ''f  icc 
river  I'cing  m  a  lorner  of  the  coalt,  the  ocian  lorccs 
the  no.;d  into  it  by  both  Ihiires,  whieii  fw. lis  ilic  tuk; 
to  a  greater  height  than  .it  oilier  paits  ot  this  coal!. 

As  t!ie  Ihips  were  iiniler  fail,  they  were  attcnd<  d  by 
m.iny  of  the  n,uive.s  in  one  larqe  canoi-,  and  lev<ial 
fmall  ones.  'I'he  latter  iiatl  only  one  perf.n  on  board 
each  of  them;  and  I'ome  of  the  paddles  had  a  blade  ac 
each  end.  Men,  women,  and  thildren,  v.rre  contain- 
ed in  the  large  canoes.  At  lome  dillance  from  tiie  Ibip 
thev  exhibited,  on  a  long  pole,  a  kind  of  kathern  Irock, 
wluch  our  [leople  interpreted  to  be  align  ol  their  peace- 
.ible  intentions.  They  conveyed  this  Irocl;  i;uo  the  lliip, 
as  an  acknowdedgemeiit  f()r  lo'.ne  trilles  which  ^.,■,.7^^;;'i 
Covk  iiad  given  them. 

The  perfms,  drcfs,  and  rnnics  of  thele  pcojile,  re- 
lembkd  thole  of  Trince  Willi.im's  Sound,  except  th.u 
the  Imall  canoes  were  not  lo  large  as  thoi'.  ol  the  ibund, 
and  carried  only  one  man. 

Our  people  isartered  with  them  for  fome  of  th.eir  fur 
dreli'cs,  m.ide  of  the  Ikins  of  animak,  particula'-lv 
t!v)fe  of  lea-otters,  martins,  and  l-.ares.  Tlu-y  alio 
h.id  a  few  of  their  darts,  and  a  fupply  of  l.ilmon  and 
hali'.iiit,  for  wiiich  they  gave  lome  old  clothes,  be.id;, 
and  pieces  of  iron,  in  excjiange. 

d'hc  natives  were  already  polTcirc!  r,;  l.irge  iron 
knives,  and  gl.ifs  beads  of  a  Iky-blue  olour,  lurli  as 
were  leen  among  the  inhabitants  ot  I'jinee  W  iiiiam's 
Sound.  The  latter,  as  well  as  thole  wh.ieh  t.hey  r;-- 
ceivetl  from  our  people,  thty  fecmed  to  value  highly. 
But  they  were  particularly  earnell:  in  alking  for  large 
pieces  of  iron,  to  wliich  they  gave  the  name  of  ,i;i-.'nf: 
though  with  them,  as  well  as  with  their  neighbours  in 
the  lound,  one  word  feemcd  to  have  many  lignifica- 
tions.  Their  language  is  certain!;'  t!ie  fune.  The 
words  or.iiiiki!,  ko:>i,  antl  Uiiidt:,;,  and  a  lew  others, 
which  we:e  frequently  tiled  in  I'rince  Willi.im's  Sound, 
were  alfo  commonly  tiled  by  this  new  tribe.  After 
palTing  about  two  hours  between  the  two  ll'.ip%  tiiey 
retired  to  the  wellern  llif)rc. 

Our  people  obferved  that,  at  the  I'jwell  ebb,  the 
water  at  and  near  the  furface  of" the  river,  was  perfectly 
frelli  i  thougli  it  retained  a  conliderable  degree  of  falt- 
nefs,  it  taken  tiecper  than  a  fijot  iielow  it.  There  were 
not  only  this,  but  many  other  convincing  proofs  of  its 
being  a  river,  t'ucii  as  thick  iiuidily  water,  low  lliorcs, 
trees  and  rubbilh  of  various  kinils  tloating  backwarils 
and  fjrwards  with  the  tide.  Ccptjui  Cock  finding,  from 
divers  obfervations,  that  all  the  low  land  which  lie  at 
lirll  imagined  to  be  an  idand,  was  one  c,  :itinued  track, 
from  the  great  river  to  the  foot  of  the  mountains,  tcr- 
minaring  at  the  loutli  entrance  of  the  eaflern  branch, 
he  dcnomin.ited  that  branch  the  river  I'urnagain. 

C.ifui'.'i  Cook  obfir\cs,  that  the  time  fpent  in  the 
ilikovery  of  this  great  ri\er  [called  alterwards,  I'v  the 
direiiion  of  Lord  Sandwicli,  Cook''  RiverJ  oughr  not 
to  be  regretted,  il  it  lliould  hereai;er  prove  ulclul  to 
the  prek'nt,  or  any  liitiire  age.  But  the  delay  thus  oc- 
cafioned,  wasanelii-ntial  lol;-.  r  voyagers,  w!;o  liad 

an  uh\ct\  of  gri-.iter  magnitu.  .!i  view.  I'lie  IcalLin 
uas  t.ir  advanced;  and  it  was  now  cvide;it  tint  the 
continent  of  North  .America  extended  much  larther  t<» 
tiie  well  than  they  liatl  re.iloii  to  exp'cft  from  the  molt 
apjiroved  cliarts.  C'/s'.'/t  Ccvk,  however,  li.id  the  f  i  • 
tislacdoii  :o  retk'ifl,  tliat  if  he  had  not  ex.iniii.eil  thi., 
v:-ry  l.irgc  river,  fpeculative  fabiicators  of  geoj'iaphy 
would  h.ave  ventured  to  alkrt,  that  it  I, ad  ,1  communi- 
cation with  the  lea  to  uic  north,  <ir  with  I  lu.llon's  or 
Ballin'.s  Bay  to  the  e.ill  ;  an  I  it  wcnild  piobably  have 
been  marked,  on  future  iiiapa  ot  tlie  world,  with  mucii 
ap-pearaiKC  of  precilion. 

Lieutenant  King  was  f>  r,t  widi  two  .1:11, ed  l>()ars, 
with  orders  from  Ci/'l  I'l  Gok  to  land  0:1  i!ic  I'lutli-eall 
lideol  the  river,  where  he  was  to  dii;  l.iy  die  ll.ig,  and, 
ill  his  Majelly's  n.uiie,  to  rake  polkll'nii  of  the  country 
atid  the  river.  1  le  was  alio  onlere'l  to  bury  a  bottle  in 
the  earili,  containing  fume  I'.nglilii  coin  of  177:,  and 
a  paper,  whereon  vs.,;,  wriucii  tiie  name,  if  ijn.-  iliip^^ 

and 


4- 


I 


Ki.w    Discovi: 

and  the  il ate  of  tl 

peo|iK  l.Kided  was 

Lieutenant  Kin 

on  board,  and  gi 

parti(  uiar  incideiii 

faid,  tlut  on  his  : 

20  of  the  natives 

he  fuppofed.  111!-; 

tion,  and  to  con^' 

Seeing  the  oiiicei 

i:ig  mulT.ets   in 

tequelled  (by  exj 

down.     This  wa: 

t)ur  party  were  j 

lliey  ajipearul  to 

I'he  natives  h 

pieces  oi'fielli  la 

I  lialVd  or.e  of  the 

Imiiie.iiateiy  Ihui 

exceedingly  hir| 

Uk-  in  hicii  con 

ai^jxarcd,   tliat 

other  weapons  ii 

}:rcund,  accordi 

and  tf.e  linl  po 

lome  pi.;t<i,  aid, 

curr.mt  bullies, 

fdar.t  in  fio'^er  t' 

I'he  fail's  ha 

and  there  anciio 

lives,  in  canoe.* 

wiris  patted  w 

turiiing  perlccli) 

a  great  quantity 

loxes,  but  only 

people  alio  [lurc 

They  gave  iron 

tlicm  in  cxchanj 

'I'he  li|)  orna; 

than  ar  I'rince 

through  the  nol 

tonliderably   loi 

broidered  v.ork 

ami  many  other 

Plying  down 

two  miles  belov 

Point,  tiie  ihip' 

tives,  whoatten 

tlieir  comjiany 

with  them  a  i] 

f  iianged  tor  lo: 

it  was  (irocureil 

<A  if  fplit,  and  I 

T;  c  niountai 

riiteied  the  rive 

w.is  perceived,  i 

latitude  is  6oile! 

t..in  n.irth  oi  Si 

Uimnut,  and  on 

It  emits  a  wliit( 

i;:l.lj:CA 

ri\  er   had  a  llri 
to  th.oli;  who  in 

The  points  ( 
iron  ;  lome  ol  I 
Th;:r  fjiears  re 
kr.i.c.s,  t.'rwhi 
ble  length,  b.) 
thing  Ircn  aiuoi 

C  or  ;c-c"tiires 
rive    i,u  :r   lore 
however,   tliat 
for  til'  V  woi  K 
inch  valu.ib!,;  (] 

A  veiy  bcm 
tied  on  with  th 
out  a  northern 
tain  CO  be  b<i 


■  \!'MV. 

II;'-".!!!!   cf  ll'.c 
liCl.lli  t(iri'C;i 

:u  II',  til''  tide 
:  ,i,L-(.:i;!. 
iri.-  .itrcl-.-li  .i  iiv 
li.T,  i'.ikI  Ii'ViimI 
■Clin  on  hv.ii'.l 
s  ii:i'.l  a  l)l.ulf  ac 

,  Were  (I'luain- 

(■  (roni  t'lc  lliip 
>l  leathern  tpKk, 

of  their  prace- 
)!'!;  ir.rotin--  Iliip, 

wl(i(.!i  (\u:/>,'iiui 

hell.'  j-fople,  rc- 
ir.il,  except  ti;ac 
ol  tliL  I'junj, 

uiic  of  tl'.eir  fur 
,    partici/l.vlv 
.     -lliey   ailb 
V  fit  l.ilmnn  aiiJ 
I  lathes,  be.ulv, 

<:    l.ir;.'e   iron 

."linii-,  fii.-li  as 

f'liDte  \\  iiii.ini'-; 

\\f;ieli   t.'iL-y  re. 

to  vnliic  hi;.;ti!y. 

alkin:;  (or  l.'.'";/,c 

name   of  ri   "ir  ; 

ir  n(i:;libours  in 
;   niari;-  fij^nilica- 

the  iiiiiie.  Tlie 
i;l  a  feu-  others, 
^N'illi.ini's  Sonml, 
ew  tribe.  After 
L-  t«u  Ih.ip-!,  tlity 

I'jwcll  ebb,  tiie 
■er,  was  perfectly 
e  d(-Tee  of  lalt- 

it.  'I'liere  were 
i;;;;  prooti  of  its 
■"atcr,  low  lliorc;, 
)atin2  backwartis 
oo/i  Hnding,  (roin 
and  which  he  at 
:  c.:itinueil  track, 
'  mountains,  ter- 

eaflern  branch, 
I'lirnai^ain. 
me  Ij  cnt  in  the 
Iterwanls,  l-y  the 
liiverj  ouj'Jir  not 
•  |)rove  lilciul  t(i 
ie  delay  thus  oc- 
yagers,  w.ho  ha' I 
L-w.     'I'lv;  feal'j.i 

cvi;le,".t  thu  tiu: 
iiiuih  lartlier  t<» 
:V  from  the  molt 
:ver,  ha.l  the  Ci . 
)t  cx»niii;ed  thi', 
rs  of  lieopi.iphy 
■.ad  a  coninuini 
•ith  I  lu.lion'.s  or 
d  piob.ibly  have 
url,!,  uith  iii.Kii 

■•o  atii.ed  boars, 
r.\  t.'ie  I'luth-cail 
;iy  ihe  !la^s  and, 
in  of  the  loiiiitry 
L>ury  a  bottle  in 
II  of  r;;;,  and 
nc  of  the  ihips, 
aiiJ 


Nlw    Dtsciv  i::!II.s.] 


K  O  K  T  II       AM  K  R  I  C  A. 


471 


i 


toMr.  Ki..^  J  acioia.t,  waslwan,]  y, 
and   liii.i.t.     It,  however,  produced 


RV  [Vive  iron  the  preference  to  every  thing  oHercd 


and  the  dare  of  the  ditlov/rv.     'Hi';  point  where  our 
people  landed  was  named  I'oin:  PolfefTi'in. 

I  .Kiitenant  Kin;;;  having  executed  his  orders  rcturneil 
on  b  i.ird,  and  gi-e  intiiiiiation  to  (.'iif'hini  Conk  of  the 
p.irta  ul.'.r  incidents  vdiii  h  had  occurred  on  liiore.  I  le 
laid,  that  on  his  ap'proac  ii  to  the  lliorc,  he  law  iS  or 
20  of  the  natives  wiih  their  arms  extended;  an  attitude, 
lie  fuppofcd,  meant  to  fii^nify  their  |)caccable  dilpoli- 
tion,  and  to  convince  him  ihey  were  without  wea|ions. 
Seeini.^  the  oiiiccr  and  iiis  attemlants  land,  and  oblerv- 
1:11;  niJlT-ets  in  their  hands,  they  were  alarmed,  and 
letjuellcd  (by  ex'preHive  li^^n--)  that  they  woulii  lay  thrin 
i!  )'.vii.  'i'his  was  iiunudiately  comp'Hrd  wuh,  and  iluii 
our  party  were  permitted  to  walk  up  to  them,  whin 
ihey  appeartd  to  be  vi  ry  fociablc  and  chearhil. 

11. e  natives  h;.d  leveral  dojijs  with  them,  and  a  frw 
pieces  orfieHi  lal'iion.  A  gentleman  of  our  partv  pin - 
I  h.:ftd  or.e  of  the  dogs,  and,  takin^^  it  towards  the  tioar, 
iiiiiiie  iiaiely  ihot  it  dead.  At  this  the  natives  I'remed 
c.xcc'^ii.nLdy  lurpr;;:cd  i  ai.d  not  tianking  themli  1m  > 
Uii:  in  flic ii  company,  walked  aw.iy :  btic  it  [nellniiy 
a|>j-ea;cd,  that  they  had  coiaealed  their  Ipears  a:,d 
other  weapons  in  the  bullies  c!  fe  'vliind  them.  1  he 
^rcund,  atconlin;: 
and  the  loil  po.sr 

iuiiic  ].;.;ei,  akLi>,  Lurch,  and  willows;  loiiic  role  and 
currant  bulho,  unci  a  little  grals;  but  there  was  not  a 
plan:  in  Tn.^-er  to  be  leen. 

ill.'  I'.iips  having  weij^^hed,  flooi.1  to  the  wcflw.ird, 
and  ilicre  anchorin:r.  wcie  vifited  by  leveral  of  the  na- 
tives, in  canoes,  wh<i  bartered  tin  ir  Ikins,  and  after- 
w^r^  patted  with  their  garnxnts  many  of  them  re- 
tun. in.;  perfectly  naked.  Am..ug  others  they  brouL'ht 
a  great  ijuantity  ol  the  ll\ins  ot  whi:e  rabbits  and  red 
loxes,  but  only  two  or  three  oi  thole  of  fea-otters.  Our 
jeoplealli)  purchaled  lome  pieces  ol  halibut  and  falmon. 

(li'.ni  in  exchange. 

I'he  li[)  ornaments  were  lets  in  falliion  among  them 
than  ar  I'lince  \\  illiam".  Sound;  but  thofe  which  pal's 
tlirough  the  nole  were  more  fiei|uent,  and,  in  prnrral, 
confiderably  loncer.  They  h.ul,  likewii'e,  more  em- 
b:oidered  k.ork  on  their  garments,  i]uivei'j  knite -cafes, 
aiul  many  other  articles. 

Plying  down  the  river,  and  calling  anchor  about 
two  miles  below  a  Ipot  called  l)y  ('.,tjita:n  d'ck  the  Bluft' 
Point,  li-.e  ihips  were  again  vilitcd  by  many  of  the  na- 
tives, who  attende.i  them  all  the  morning  ;  and,  indeed, 
tiifir  company  w.is  histhly  exceptable,  a;,  they  brou.ght 
with  tliem  a  tjuantity  of  line  f.ilm-in,  which  they  ex- 
rhanged  tor  lome  tnllcs.  ."several  hundred  weight  of 
it  w.;^  procured  f  )r  the  two  Ihips,  and  the  greatell  part 
</l  r  I'plit,  and  ready  lor  drving. 

1 .  c  mountains  now,  for  the  firft  time  after  the  lliijis 
fiiteicd  the  river,  were  tree  iVom  clouds,  and  a  volcano 
was  perceived  in  one  of  thole  on  tlie  wellern  lide.  Its 
l.ititude  is6udeg.  2;  min.  and  it  is  the  lull  high  moun- 
t.iin  north  ol  St.  Augullin.  '''he  volcano  is  ne.ir  tlie 
tuinniit,  and  <in  thu  part  of  the  m(<untain  next  the  river. 
Jt  emits  a  white  fnioke,  l)ut  lu)  lire. 

Ci:H,ui:G\k  remarks,  that  all  the  people  I'cen  in  this 
river  had  a  llriki.-.g  rei'emblanre,  in  every  particular, 
to  thole  who  inhabit  I'lincc  William's  Sound. 

'i'he  points  of  their  Ipears  and  knives  are  made  of 
iron:  loine  of  the  tormvr,  indeed,  are  m.idu  of  copper. 
'I'h;  ;r  fpears  reli  niMe  tlie  iiritilh  Ijinntoons ;  and  their 
kr.^.e^,  forwhiih  they  h.uc  Iheaths,  are  of  a  Ciiiirulera- 
ble  length.  I'Xcepttiiele,  and  a  few  glal'-.  beads,  every 
thing  Iren  atuongll  them  was  oi  their  own  manufacture. 

Coi;rfhiies  have  beenllirmed  (rom  whence  they  ile- 
rivc  tiicir  foreign  aiiicks.  It  c.inn.it  be  fuppoled, 
however,  tiiat  the  Kullians  have  been  amongll  them, 
for  til  \-  woi  Id  not  then  liave  been  fien  cloathetl  in 
inch  v.duabL-  (kins  as  ihol'e  of  the  lia-ottir. 

A  veiy  benclicial  fur  trade  might  cert.iinly  be  ear- 
lied  on  uith  the  natives  of  this  vail  coalt ;  but,  with- 
out a  noiilurn  [lalliige,  it  is  too  remote  fijr  Cjii.it  Hii- 
laiii  to  be  bsiictitted  by  luch  coaimercc.     It  lliould, 


luiwever,  be  o'llcrvcd,  tl;;u  ahr.cf!;  t!;r  only  vah.T.lilc 
Ikins  on  this  well  lide  of  North  .Vmerica,  tve  thofe  of 
the  lea-otter.  'i'!.eir  otiier  (l<ins  wcte  el  a  '  1  eiior 
(jUality ;  and  it  il.ould  be  fi."ther  obkived,  i'-,  •.:  tlii: 
greater  jj.ut  of  the  Ikins  wi.ich  were  pureli.d'.d  ■'  them 
were  made  up  ifuo  garments.  .Some  (,>f  t! 
were  in  pretty  good  conditi^ui ;  others 
and  all  of  them  extremely  loiii'y.  R\i'  .t  (ki  s  are  ifcd 
by  thele  people  only  ('ur  tloadiii'ii;  their.fi  ivc ,  il.iy, 
p.-rh.ips,  are  not  at  the  rroiibie  nf  dr'-lh'';'  m'.pe  ot'them 
tlian  they  require  (i^r  this  piiipolr.  Tliif  is  jTob.iL-lv 
the  chief  ciulc  ot  tlieir  kiinng  the  aniiiu.ls.  lor  they 
|'riiicij)aily  rtceivc  their  f  :;iply  (jf  fi-nd  fr"m  the  leas 
and  riv<r^.  IJi't  if  tlicy  were  once  iiabitu.irf,.  ro  a  con- 
iiant  tr.ide  with  loieigiifrs,  fuch  an  irit'-rcoi.r!.-  v.o'ilJ 
incre.ile  their  wants,  by  acquainting  them  witli  new 
luxiirie.s;  to  be  enabled  to  purchai'c  which,  ti.ey  woi.ld 
become  more  allidu.. lis  in  pn:ci:r;i'g  lu;ns ;  a  plentilul 
lupply  ot  which  iniglit  doubtlefs  tjc  irbtai.ied  in  tliii 
countrv. 


and  ragge,! ; 


I     S     L     A 


I)     S. 


SI".  IIer.M'.ci^nm-.s  lies  in  l.itituile  jS  d-g.  15  niLn. 
north,  and  lo'jgitudc  jc-  deg.  ^4  n;in.  It  ii 
about  fix  leagivs  in  ciicumleicnce,  and  one  of  a  tiullcr 
o(  illands  that  are  barren  and  uianhabited. 

TniNii  V  Ist.AM).  The  grcatefl  extent  of  this  ifiand, 
according  to  Ccip'.ini  Cook'^  account,  is  about  fix  leagues 
in  the  dircftion  of  call  and  well.  It  has  naked,  ele- 
v.ited  land  at  each  end,  and  is  low  towards  the  inkklle. 
Its  latitude  is  :,6  deg.  ;6  min.  north;  longitude  :c5 
deg.  It  is  diftant  about  three  le.igues  from  the  corti- 
nent,  between  which  rocks  and  illands  arc  intc  riperlcd. 
There  Items  nevcrthclel->,  U  be  a  good  pallage,  and 
kite  anchorage. 

l-'ii(;(;\  Isi.  \Ni)  lies  in  latitude  56  deg.  10  min.  and 
longitude  :02  deg.  45  min.  and  is  nine  milea  in  cir- 
cumference. C.apLu.i  Qc.tobl'ervcs  that  it  is  lb  named 
in  the  clurr,  and  thinks  it  reaf;nable  to  fui'pole,  th.it 
it  is  the  illmd  on  which  Beering,  a  l.niK,i;s  Rulii..n  i.a- 
vig-,itor,  h.'.d  bellowed  the  lame  appeliaticn. 

Til-:  SciiuM.v'  ■\s  Isi..\Mjs.  This  clufter  ofillamis 
begji  in  the  longiiiule  of  2co  deg.  15  min.  fall,  and 
extend  about  two  degrees  to  the  wcllward.  They  ere, 
in  general,  high,  bairen,  and  rugged,  exhibiting  very 
romantic  appearances,  and  abounding  with  rock-,  and 
elilTs.  Tl'.ev  ha\e  leveral  liays  and  Cv)Ves  about  tiiem, 
and  lomcfielh  water  llreams  del'cend  from  tlieir  elevated 
parts;  but  the  land  is  not  embellilhed  witli  a  fingle  tree 
or  bulli.  Tl'.elargtil  of  the  group  is  cilled  Rodiak, 
and  lies  in  5  ;  deg.  1  d  min.  north. 

I  lAi.iBri'  Li.AM),  fo  called  from  its  abounilini  witii 
the  ti!h  of  that  name,  is  fevcn  leagues  in  ciixumleience, 
and,  excep,t  the  head,  is  low  and  barren.  Seviial 
Imall  illinJs  are  near  it,  between  which  and  tl'.e  -.iiain 
tlicre  appears  to  be  ;!  jiarfige  of  tlie  breadth  of  two  or 
three  leagues. 

Our  navigators  were  kept  at  luch  a  dillance  from  thu* 
continent  by  the  rocki  and  bre.ikers,  that  they  had  .1 
very  dilliiu  view  of  the  coall  between  Halibut  liland 
and  Rock  I'oint.  Tliev  could,  however,  perceive  the 
111, (ill  land  covered  wiili  Inow,  and  particularly  liim.- 
hills,  whole  ekv.ited  tops  towered  .ibove  the  clouds  to 
a  moll  (tupeiidous  height.  On  the  moll  Ibutli-wellerly 
of  thele  liills  w.is  li.en  a  volcano,  which  perpetually 
threw  up  immenle  coliunns  of  fmoke.  T,;..  volcan.i 
is  at  no  great  dill. nice  from  the  coall,  and  i-.  in  t.'ic  lati- 
tiivleof  .vfd, ;;.  .f\\  min.  north.  Its  figure  is  a  complete 
one,  and  tlie  volcano  is  at  the  luiiiniit  of  it.  Our 
voyagers  oblerved,  that,  lem.ukable  ■l^  it  ni.iy  ap|>tai, 
the  wiml,  at  the  height  to  which  the  Inioke  of  the  vol- 
cano role,  otten  moved  in  an  oppoliie  dirtdiun  to 
what  ir  did  at  fca,  even  in  a  liclli  i^alc. 

Captain 


M 


\\ 


lU 


(:    ' 


11,1 


^ 


■f'- 


^i 


■i 


r  ) 


} 


t.  - 


A  NFAV,  ROYAL  and  AUTHENTIC  SYSTF.M  or  UMVLRSAI.  f.I.OGRAPIIV. 


Cop'a:n  d'ck  t.ikes  orcallon  to  obferve,  tli.it  it  jvas 
tvid'.iit,  t'mm  (iivus  circimid.iiuT!-,  tii.it  tlit-  Ruin.ins 
lud  lomf  cniiimunicitioii  witii  tlic  people  of  tlus  f|)ot, 
and  (),irtiiul.iiiv  iVivti  tlis;  foil..win,^.  W'liiie  our  people 
were  lilliir./,  t!..  y  wire  viritid  by  a  man  in  a  Imail  ta- 
lUiC,  \\!i.)  I'lmeVroin  the  large  illancl.  He  iud  on  a 
pair  oi'  ;'n.tn  cindi  ba-cches,  and  a  jacket  of  black 
cl;.th  under  the  b-oik  cC  his  own  roiintry.  He  had 
with  him  a  -rev  fox  Ikin  and  fome  Hilling  implements ; 
abb  a  b'adcier,  in  wl.ii-;-,  was  rnppofed  to  be  oil,  as  hj 
opened  it,  lir.ink  a  moodiUd,  and  th.cn  deled  it  up. 
His  ie..'.i'ie.'-  icrrmbled  ciiofc  if  tiie  natives  of  Prince 
\Vi!;i,.:r.'s  S:ji;nd,  but  l.e  was  perfedly  free  from  any 
kind  of  pai.-.t.  1  lis  lip  had  been  perforated  in  an  ob- 
hoiie  di'.ccli  11,  though  at  that  time  he  had  not  any  or- 
nami-nt  in  ir.  M.'.iiy  i>f  the  wurd>  frecjuenfly  ufed  by 
ll-.c  pe.iple  cf  the  S(i;i,d  were  rej-eated  to  him,  but  lie 
did  n-ic  appear  to  underlland  any  of  them,  owing,  as 
it  V,  IS  imayacd,  either  t.)  his  iiinorancc  of  the  dialect, 
or  the  err.  n.-oiis.  pn  nunciation  of  (;ur  pe;)j)le. 

Fn.nii  il.fiibut  IHar.d  the  Ihips  p.roceedcd  in  various 
direiflior,',  bur  molllv  to  the  linithward,  till  at  Icnjith 
land  preknred  itfeli  i:i  even-  dirtdion.  I'hat  t;)  the 
ib-utl)  extended  in  a  nd.^e  of  mountain.-,  to  tlie  Ibuth- 
welf,  vdii'.h  our  v(  va^ers  aftcrv.ards  found  to  be  an 
in.::d  cJk'd 

O    O     N     A     I,     A     S     H     K     A. 

S  1-.  C    T  I  O  N     I. 

Ir.ty-iiif'i^-iv  Ri  ":(:>>•■'.  Irtniiao  wlh  the  K,!tirr<. 
Di'fcnfiwn  (7  f';.-;r  Pirjoni,  D:J(C,'?  ,  Dirprjitirni, 
D.-<f>  ar.d  Emfhw.f-L.  ford.  HclulUn'^ns.  M:- 
tlmdiifproiinnv;';  '  :re,  rirnulurt.  L'ti"Ji!>.  Tcolf. 
Ci.'viis.     Im'^lr"' ".is for  1  •Jhm^  and  HiiKifg.     Mn- 

IT  ib  remarked  by  diptain  Cck,  from  obfervations 
he  nude  up'm  his  firfl  arrival  at  the  Illand  of  Oo- 
nalallika,  tiut  iliou[;h  liicli  of  the  natives  as  cine  oil" 
to  the  Ibi, .;,  and  ciiirijed  in  a  little  traffic  with  the 
crews,  Icmied  rem.ukably  ihv,  it  was  evidait  that 
they  were  not  unaojii.iintt  cl  with  velftls  refeir.bling,  in 
lame  <!igrei.,  thofe  in  which  our  voyagers  ikiled.  He 
adds,  th'it  their  behaviour  difcovcrcd  a  pulitencfs  Ije 
never  ubfrrved  bef 're  in  rude  and  uncultivated  nations. 
On  coming  t.>  ar.chor  our  people  vvere  vilited  by  le- 
vcral  of  ti.e  natives  in  ieparate  canoes.  They  bar- 
tered, fome  iiil-.ing  implements  for  tobacco.  A  young 
man  among  tliem  ovcrfet  his  canoe  while  he  was  al org 
fide  of  one  of  our  b  lats.  He  was  caught  hold  of  by 
one  uf  our  people,  but  the  canoe  was  taken  up  by  an- 
other, ..nd  carried  afliore.  In  ccnfccjuence  of  this 
accident  the  youth  was  obligeil  to  come  into  the  fliip, 
vviitre  |-,e  was  invited  ir.ro  tiie  cabin,  and  readily  ac- 
ccp.ted  the  invitation,  without  any  Uipri/.e  or  emliar- 
ralfiient.  He  had  on  an  upper  garment,  rcfembhng 
a  !l.irt,  tnade  of  the  (iut  i,\  a  whale,  ur  fome  other 
laige  li'a  animal.  L  lukr  this  he  had  another  of  tlie 
fame  form,  made  of  the  fkins  of  birds  witii  the  fea- 
tliers  on,  curioully  lewed  together;  the  feathered  fitle 
placed  i.ext  his  fkin.  It  was  patched  with  fcveral 
pieces  of  (ilk  lluff,  and  his  ca[)  was  ornamented  with 
jj,1j1's  bcatls. 

Hi.s  clothes  being  wet  he  was  furniflied  by  our  failors 
with  tome  of  their  o\vn,  which  he  put  on  with  as  much 
readinifs  a-,  thry  could  have  done,  brum  tlie  belia- 
viour  oi'  this  youth,  and  tliat  of  fcveral  others,  it  evi- 
dently a:  pe.red,  tiiat  thefe  peop.lc  were  no  llrangers 
to  I'iutop.  ai)'.,  and  to  many  of  their  cufloms.  Some- 
thing in  the  lliips,  lio\M.-ver,  greatly  excite;!  their  cii- 
riolity;  for,  liicii  a;;  liad  not  canoes  to  brir.g  them  oif 
afTrmbled  on  tiic  iuighbounny  hills  to  have  a  view  of 
tiiem. 

.Soon  after  a  numH"r  of  th.e  n.itivcs  of  both  fcxes 
were  ften  on  the  (lioir,  feated  on  the  gral's,  partaking 
of  a  mtral  of  raw  filb,  whicli  tliry  feemed  highly  to 
rclifli. 


Tlie  Ibips  afterwaids  left  their  frmer  flaticn,  anj 
came  to  anchor  in  the  harbour  called  by  the  n.itivcs 
San::anoodlia.     It  is  f.toattd  (m  the  n(  rth  fide  of  Oo- 


:hka,  the  latitude  being  5 ;, 


1 5  mill,  tlie  lon- 


gitude ii)ji  '.Wf^.  30  mm.  and  in  the  llrait  vlfnh  fepa- 
rates  tiiis  illaiui  from  tiiofe  to  the  north.  It  is  .i!)(>ut  a 
mile  broad  at  the  entrance,  and  runs  in  about  four 
miles  foiitli  by  well.  It  narrows  towards  tiic  h<ad,  the 
iire.idth  there  not  exceeding  a  i;uarter  of  a  mile.  I'lenty 
of  good  water  ir.iy  be  procured  here,  but  nut  a  piece 
(if  wooii  of  any  kind. 

The  natives  \i,heii  tlifv  cnmc  on  board  brought  vvitii 
them  diied  liilmon  and  f)tlier  t;;ii,  wiiich  the  failors  re- 
ceived '.n  exchange  for  tobacco.  Only  a  few  <!  lys  lie- 
li)ie  every  ounce  of  tobacco  tliat  remained  in  tlie  liiip 
had  b'.'en  diftributed  among  them,  an.i  the  t]uantit)r 
was  not  half  tiilficient  to  anluer  tiieir  uemanls.  h'n:- 
withlbindiag  this,  f)  thoiightlefs  and  iiiip'ovitlent  a 
being  is  c.n  Knglilli  failor,  tliat  ihey  were  as  [Toftiic  in 
making  their  barg.ims  as  if  they  hail  arrived  at  a  pore 
in  Virttini.T ;  by  wuirh  means,  in  lels  than  two  dtys, 
the  value  of  this  commodtty  was  railed  on  boarti  above 
a  tlmufrnt!  per  cent. 

The  men  of  Orn.diflik.;  .".re  in  general  of  t!ic  mid- 
dlin.g  Ibuure.  'I'hcir  faces  are  bro.i  I,  their  eys  f'liiall, 
their  nolis  moftlyflir,  tlieir  moutiis  wide,  and  their 
lips  thick;  their  tecih  aic  t^nev -n,  -ii  f  <<ltr'i  tiilco- 
loured.  Their  iiair  is  bi.ick,  and  rather  long  be'iitif', 
hut  cut  before  fo  as  to  rcacli  neaily  to  tiuir  eye  livl-.. 
The  women  are  generally  lliorter  than  the  men,  and 
their  fe.-.tures  more  agreeable.  They  wear  their  iiair 
on  tiieir  firclk.ul.i  in  tlie  f.'.me  manner  as  the  men. 

TiiC  Rudians  th.it  were  here  at  this  time  never  ivul 
any  connexion  with  tiieir  women  '  n  account  of  their 
not  being  ChrilHans.  Our  people,  however,  wer^'  iefs 
fcrupulous ;  and  Ibinc  of  them  had  realim  to  repent 
that  the  women  of  Oonalafhka  encouraged  their  ad- 
drrlfes ;  for  their  health  w.is  injured  bv  a  dilhmper 
that  is  not  wholly  unknown  here.  The  natives  are  alli) 
fubjed  to  the  cancer,  or  a  complaint  of  a  fimilar  na- 
ture, which  thofe  wlio  :;re  attacked  by  it  are  IbiJious  to 
conceal,  'liicy  do  not  appear  to  be  long-lived.  The 
Captain  di.l  not  fee  a  perioii,  man  or  woman,  whom 
he  could  fuppole  to  be  fi.'-tty  years  of  age ;  and  obferved 
verv  few  who  firmed  to  cx';eed  fifty. 

The  nativj  inhabitants  of  this  ifland  are,  to  all  ap- 
pe.irancc,  a  very  peaceable,  inotltnlive  race  of  people: 
tliey  are  exceeding  cheerful  and  friendly  among  each 
other,  antl  always  treated  tlie  Kuropeans  with  great  ci- 
vility. In  point  of  hoiielly  Captain  C:jok  obferved, 
they  might  I'crve  as  a  pattern  to  the  motl  civili/.ed  na- 
tions. IJiit,  fioni  what  he  faw  of  their  neij.'hbours, 
with  whom  the  Ruflians  are  unconnecletl,  lie  hid  liimc 
doubt  whether  this  was  their  original  diljolition  :  antl 
was  rather  inclined  to  be  of  opinion,  il.it  it  is  the  con- 
leijueiice  of  their  [)r(f'-nt  flate  of  fubjeition.  Iniieed, 
if  he  did  not  miliinderflaml  the  Rufnans,  they  h.'.d 
been  under  the  nccelfity  of  making  tome  feverc  ex- 
amples before  tliey  could  bring  the  illanders  into  tole- 
rable order.  If  fevcritics  were  really  infliiiled  at  lirfV, 
the  bell  excufe  fir  them  is,  that  they  have  provhiced 
the  moll  benefu-ial  elfech :  at  prefent  the  grcatell  har- 
H'oiiy  liiblills  between  tl'.e  Kulilans  and  ti:e  native;,. 
I  iie  latter  have  tluir  own  chiefs  in  each  il'.and,  and 
feeni  to  enjoy  liberiv  anil  property  without  inolcltation. 
Whether  they  are  tributancs  10  the  Riil!iaiis  or  not  he 
could  never  learn,  but  had  fome  realign  to  fuppofe 
they  are. 

Tiie  drefs  (/  the  women  is  a  hdck  of  "  ■  fkins  of 
f  ;,ls  (,iiument(d  with  a  kind  (-f  hulk  or.  il  encirc- 
hi;g  the  ujiper  part  of  the  garment,  and  theme  hang- 
ing ilown  to  tlie  waiil.  '1  hey  have  the  liime  ornament 
round  the  Ihouklers.  They  ailorii  their  under  lips  with 
flips  of  narrow  carved  bone,  wear  firings  of  beads  at 
the  nole,  as  Well  as  bunches  of  bead.a'iii  their  ears. 
I  hey  puncture  their  cheeks  liinviimcs  with  one,  antl 
loiiu times  with  two  lines:  ihefc  lints  crteiul  lioni  the 
middle  part  of  the  cheeks  to  the  e.us.  liny  decorate 
1  their 


,N 


■A  S:..-,. 


■S^mm^^ 


:APiiy. 

nuT  (Inri'^n,  aivi 
il  by  ilie  n.itivcs 
(  rth  r.dc  oi'  ()o- 
5  mill,  flic  l()(i- 
Iraic  wliii  'i  ffp.i- 
h.  It  is  .ilxMit  a 
IS  in  aliwit  four 
rds  tlic  hraJ,  the 
c)(  a  mile.   I'lcntv 


but  nut  a 


j:cre 


ard  hrouciit  wiili 
ch  t!ie  Tailors  re- 
ly a  ftw  (!  lys  lif- 
laineci  in  the  ihip 
ar.ti  the  qi;antity 
uemnn.ls.  h'm- 
,1  i!iij"\jvii!eiu  a 
ere  as  prnfliic  in 
irrivej  at  a  port 
s  than  two  diys, 
ri  on  board  above 

.cral  oi'  tlie  mi-.U 
t'leir  ey  s  (null, 
wide,  ,ii;d  ihcir 
•111  xftt-i  difco- 
thcr  lonj:  bf-'iint', 
to  tluir  eye  livl-,. 
an  the  men,  and 
f  wear  their  u.dr 
as  the  men. 
1  time  never  had 
aeioiint  ot  their 
iwever,  were  lets 
realiin  to  repent 
)urage'i  their  ad- 
I  by  a  dillemper 
u-  natives  are  alio 
t  of  a  riir.ilar  na- 
■  it  are  llu.iious  to 
long-lived.  The 
ir  woman,  whom 
[;c ;  and  oblervcd 

i  are,  to  all  ap- 
c  race  of  people : 
iilly  amon^  eaeh 
ms  with  great  ci- 

C'jol:  fiblerved, 
aoll  tivili-,:ed  na- 
their  neij.'hboiirs, 
ted,  he  hid  Ibmc 
I  diljiolition :  and 
Jilt  it  is  the  ron- 
jeftion.  Ind.reJ, 
ullians,  they   ImiI 

ibiiie  fevere  ex- 
anders  into  tole- 
/  inllifted  at  lirff-, 
y  liave  pioduced 
the  [yeatell  liar- 

aiul   tiie   natives. 

each  illand,  and 
tiunit  inoleltation. 
ulli.iiis  or  not  he 
calun   to  liippofc 

I:  of  '  ■  Ikins  o(" 
k  or  ,  il  eiuirc- 
md  theme  h.ing- 
le  lame  (jrnainent 
'ir  inider  lips  witli 
[finals  cf  beads  at 
k'.s  in  tlicir  ears, 
cs  \Kith  one,  and 
extenil  (iom  the 
.  I'luy  decorate 
their 


s?5 


^ 


iii' 


-^ 

h 

n 

■  \ 

^ 

.;       1 

^^'' 

4  •• 

ts 

I'! 

^^ 

»'• 

^W 

^s 

*'(  ■ 

M* 

X 

■■'iJ 

> 

H 

^ 

H 

IM 

"i. 

<— 

< 

■      ■; 

?\ 

m 


*.-.., 


'f 


'1 


^ 


5ll 


II 


;j 


•^11 


>*4 


^ 


■T 


i 


1 

1 

ll 

111 

m 

B? 

m 

1    M.l\    P/-'    noX.lL.lsjJKA 


I  Jll/(<f/' 


'■^ 


m 


.  i 


''  //V/^'/'''"  /' vTiANKKS's-    \'/rf   '//.>/,///,■.  (iK()(;KArilY  ^ff/ff. >//,,/ /y'ni't/t//,    /////trrfit/. 


m 


I  ////I  I  -I 


f///)  1-1  //. 


■.II if  / Y  ///I  ,    \tf/t/i.i  f,    f  I  //ff/if)A/,'/f 


M 


;  I' 


I' 


I 


(  //<i«n'<i 


i. 


Sprcii 


^  /y^f^/'/^V/vHANKKSs.    I'//'  'y.i^i /// I'j 


(;K()i;i{ArHY  ^l//f^i/u,//y'^,y>f/.    /ft//t, 


'/•fH, 


'/• 


% 


■M 


\ 


•■.4i. 


I'! 


^.^i 


Mjf 


ii^ 


1 


H 


\^ 


rli;  ir  chin-,  ii 

tiirinj?  or  t,ut( 

aiT  tint  allowi 

n£?r.       I'hiir  < 

ikin,  fiMthcrs 

wtivfn  with  (i 

I'hc  ilrclb 

Hvins  of  bifil' 

tiMihtr  li  It  in 

:ii).l  hrhiii'.l    j' 

thi-  Ifinis  wlii 

ot  liir.     The 

j;  irmi'nr,  the 

tath  ikIkt. 

w.ittrr,  tl-.cy  \ 

gut,  ^^lli'-h  « 

it  v.hich  i'.  ih 

tif  ii\m1  liv)Ut 

ii.it.s  the  h'M( 

ctlicr  Kilour; 

tlicv  i.y-  the  I 

gUlh  IhmJ.s  , 

imam-  ur  twr 

'111.'  lirtrls, 

fmlii-JiilhiniT 

to  .1  'A.i;^i;oni 

\',iiioiis  ar 

afiiltiny,  111  di 

autumn  for 

balkcts,  nut 

Ltrriifs  ami  r 

AllllAin^ 

arc  tlif   llio 

L:)at  cDvcrcr 

,)vir  v.hiih 

nrits,  aiv.l  h. 

btaiiiitlil. 

\n  moll  ot"  ti 

cicMt  in  ini:( 

they  ule  the 

taickncis  ret 

and  wiili'itit 

a'.'lc   yrtitle 

balkets,  am 

moll  01  thei 

Tlie  iVicn 

drying  lilli, 

vi(ii)n,  niak 

intiuc  matt 

t!ic  tobacco 

'I'hc  nietiioi 

rubbini;  it  ii 

i![ipcr  end  c 

der  it  iicav 

throijf^h  a  Ii 

Their  tou 

antrbL-rries. 

approach  o 

and  pre  pa  If 

tiitir  wi.'itrf 

dried  halibii 

want  i)t  brc 

wliich  tlifv 

whak-.s'  tied 

their  M^, 

broilii;;j;  vvc 

aniony;  chei 

a  riibilitnte 

Captain  < 

cliief  ol  thi 

a  larae  haiii 


vith  no  ot 
After  this  c 
liih  took  it 
and  featcd  1 
jiuiicd  up  l( 
v.a^  '  latct' 


A- 


'M 


NiNV  DiicovcRrfts.] 


N  O  U    r  1 1      A  M  r.  R  I  C  A. 


473 


tli:  ir  tliin-.  ill  tlic  fimc  fi)rni.     The  pLu'^ire  of  piinc- 
tiiiinf?  f)r  t.utowirur  is  tonlimil  to  tiic-  frm.ilc  fcx,  whu 
arc  lint  alli)w<-(l  to  .idoiit  it  till  tlit-y  ;ur,iiii  r.)  ,i  rcrtain 
A  af^f.      riu  ir  cij)'.  .ire  ni  .in  ov.il  form  .mil  tonipolctl  of 

\  lUii),  fiM'hcrs  ami  liair,  inc  wliuic  of  wlntli  are  iiittT- 

wiivi'n  witl>  fiii|',iilir  iii;ni)iiity. 

lilt-  ilrth  ot  tin-  iiK'ii  i^  a  frock   coinporcd  of  the 

*  fsiiis  of  hirJs  ini'rni oiilly   wrooj^ht  topctiicr,  wit!i  tlic 

.  '  ItMihtr  i\  If  inv.,irii',       I  ht-ir  U.-W  ilrcls  is  painted  hcf ir'; 

and  hrhiii'l   j'lll  liriow  tlir  IhoiikkMi  and  bn  all  j  anvl  to 

the  le.iiuii  vvliich  j'o  ovtr  the  llioiildtrs  aie  iailened  rows 

of  liir.      Tliey  alii)  wcir  fur  upon  otlier  parts  of  thr 

j:,irnii'nt,  tlie  rows,  biini.',  alioiit  ciglu  intlus  ililfuit  lioiii 

taeli  odiir.     Over  thcle  frocks,  when  they  yo  on  the 

"■'-.  water,  they  wear  an  additional  covering  compoled  of 

gut,  vsliicli  water  cann  )t  iienetrite.     It  has  a  hood  to 

it  v.hiili  is  drawn  over  the  head,     'i  hey  have  a  kind 

of  oval  fnoiited  cap  mail;-  of  wood,  with  a  riin  that  ad- 

n.it.s  the  head.     'I'liey  il".e  their  caps  v.iih  {^rren  ami 

<,ther  colours,  and  round  tlic  ujiper  pait  ot   the   rim 

',i  ihcv  f.v.  the  long  briliics  of  lomc  lea  animil,  on  wlii.h 

glal's  beadb  are  llrung ;  and  on  die  front  is  a  Imall 

in!:iue  or  two  lornitd  of  bone. 

1  h  ■  lirels,  in.  its  (;tnerai  ajijiearance,  exceptinp;  tfie 
embillilliments  of  the  fur,  bears  a  rrrtat  releniblance 
to  a  '\a  .;t>oner's  iVcjck. 

\'arious  are  the  employments  of  tlie  women,  fuch  as 

afliliini:,  in  dryir/:;  lilli  in   the  fmnmer,  cuttin;;  [kmIs  in 

autumn  for  the  iliiferent  purpofes  of  niakinj.^  thatch, 

balkcts,  mats  and  other  utenfils,  as  well  as  yatherinjj 

.  bt nies  and  roots. 

AUlliVin^  bufiiiefi  is  conllneii  to  the  women.  They 
are    tl'.e    llioe- milkers,    tayk)rs,    and    boat-buildtrs,    or 
i  j;'.t  co\erers ,  tor  the  men  cr)nllrurt  the  wooden  frame 
,.  ,)\;r   v.hich  the  Ikins  are  loved.     '1  iic  y  manuiaciure 

f     ',.  m.its,  .iiid  balkets  of  grafs,  which  are  both  tlroni,',  and 

|-  hcautit'ul.     'ilieieis,  imleed,  a  ntatnefs  and  perlrciiun 

in  moll  of  their  work,  ihu  thews  they  are  neither  defi- 
cient in  inijcnuity  or  ixfrfevcrance.  bulcui  of  thread 
they  ule  the  fibres  of^  finews,  which  they  fplit  to  the 
t'nicknel's  ret]uired.  Their  needles  beinjr,  made  of  bone 
and  wiihout  eyes  render:  the  Kuroi)ean  needles  a  v.ilu- 
a'.'k'  article  of  tralFiC.  'I'liey  inanulatture  mats  and 
balkcts,  and  iadee.i  dil'play  a  neatnt  Is  .\n}  perlectioii  in 
inoll  of  their  works. 

The  ivien  are  employed  in  fummer  in  catching  and 
drying  iilli,  killing  whales  tor  the  winter  flock  ot  |>ro- 
vilion,  making  and  repairing  canoes,  and  alto  in  do- 
iiitlUc  matters.  'I  hey  converted  the  greatell  [lart  of 
tl'.e  tobacco  they  received  by  way  of  barter  into  fnulf. 
The  nictiiod  v\as  to  reduce  the  tobacco  into  powder  by 
rubbing  it  in  a  iin.iU  wooden  bowl  wit!i  a  Itick,  to  the 
i!l-[>cr  end  of  wliii  h  tliev  talaned  kvcral  tioius  to  ren- 
der it  lieavy.  W'lien  lulRciently  pulverized,  it  palfed 
tlKot.if;h  a  line  lieve,  and  thus  eniled  the  procefs. 

Their  food  confilh  of  whales' tkfn,  Hlh,  birds,  roots 
and'b.-rries.  As  the  whales  are  generally  taken  at  the 
app;>  ach  of  fummer,  they  iiave  time  to  dry  the  llelli 
and  prcpaie  the  blubber,  which  are  jirincipal  parts  ol 
their  v  ;;Ti  r  provifion.  With  the  blubber  they  eat  the 
dried  Iiaiibut.  This  feems  in  lome  iiiealiire,  to  fuppiv  the 
want  of  bread.  .Sometimes  they  ilip  it  in  train  oil,  ol 
which  th-v  arc  very  fond.  '1  hey  likewile  eat  the  ilryed 
^vh.lk•s'  lledi  with  oil.  'I'hey  are  nor  nice  in  cleaning 
their  fill),  and  f'lequently  eat  them  raw.  Boiling  and 
bioilii;';  were  the  ciiitf  methods  of  cookery  praitiied 
amon;^  them.  Some  h.ul  linall  bi.ils  kettles,  and  tome 
a  fubilirute  made  of  a  fiat  tlone  with  Hdes  ot  clay. 

Captain  Cook  once  happened  to  be  prefent  when  the 
cliief  ot  this  illand  made  his  dinner  of  the  raw  he.ui  ot 
a  lai;!e  halibut,  jull  cauj^ht.  lietijre  any  part  of  it  wa^ 
j^ivcii  to  tlie  chief,  two  of  his  lervants  ate  the  j^ills, 
with  no  other  drelfng  than  fquee/.ing  out  the  II. me. 
After  this  one  of  them  having  cut  off  the  head  of  the 
filli  took  it  to  tlie  lea  and  walheil  it,  then  came  with  it, 
and  featctl  hinifclf  by  tlie  chief;  but  not  befiire  he  hail 
jiulled  up  loine  jurats,  iipcn  a  part  of  wiiiili  the  liead 
v.a.,  'aated,  and  the  rtit  was  llrewed  befjic  the  chief 
No.  .J J. 


1  le  then  cut  large  pitcfs  ftiF  the  dveks,  and  put  them 
within  the  re.ach  of  the  chief,  who  Iwallowed  them  with 
{^reat  latisfaClion.  When  he  had  linillicd  his  meal  the 
lemainder  of  the  head  bein;;  cut  in  pieces  were  given  to 
the  lervants,  who  tore  oil'  the  meat  with  their  teeth,  and 
gnaweil  the  bones  like  fo  many  dogs. 

They  drel's  whale,'  llelli  in  luch  a  marnier  as  to  make 
it  very  good  eating ;  and  they  liave  a  kind  of  pan- 
liudding  of  talnion  roe,  bciteii  up  line,  and  tried, 
whli  h  is  a  tolerable  I'ubllitiite  lor  Ijiead.  'I'hey  may, 
perhaps  occafionally,  talle  real  brcaii,  or  have  a  dilli 
111  v. iiicli  flour  is  one  of  the  ingredients.  Kxcept  the 
juice  of  berries,  which  they  generallv  li|)  at  their  meak, 
they  drink  no  other  liquor  ih.an  pure  water. 

Berries  compete  a  principal  part  of  their  food.   'I'hey    . 
cat  them  with  train  oil,  which  they  think  adds  inuch  to 
their  Havour.     Of  roots  the  Sannne  is  the  mill  agree- 
able eating ;  when  boilcil  it  becomes   mealy,  and  re.- 
tembles  .i  potatoe. 

'I'he  following  is  their  method  of  buildinr^ :  they 
dig  in  the  ground  an  oblong  pit,  whiJi  rarely  exceeds 
titty  lect  in  length,  and  twenty  in  breai  tli ;  but  the  di- 
meiilions  are  in  general  Imallcr.  Over  this  excavation 
they  form  the  roof  of  wooil,  which  they  cover  lirlt 
wiili  grals,  and  then  with  eartli,  fo  that  the  external 
.i|)pearance  rclLmblcs  a  dung-hiil.  Near  each  end  of 
the  roof  is  left  a  Iquar."  opening,  wliich  admits  the 
liirhti  one  of  thetc  openings  being  intended  only  for 
tills  piir|)ole,  atid  the  other  being  nlti)  ul'ed  to  go  in  and 
out  by,  with  the  aliillancc  of  a  ladder,  or  ratlrer  a  poll, 
in  win  h  Heps  are  cut.  In  lijine  of  the  hoc.l'cs  there  in 
another  entrance  bilow,  but  this  is  rather  uncommon. 
Round  the  tides  anti  ends  of  the  habitations,  tlic  fami- 
lies, level al  of'  which  cbvt.ll  together,  have  their  fc- 
p.irate  apartments,  where  thry  llcep,  and  lit  at  work  j 
not  on  benches,  but  in  a  litrt  of  concave  trench,  iUig; 
entirely  round  the  inlide  of  the  hnule,  and  covcrci,! 
with  mats,  fo  that  this  part  is  kept  [irerty  clean  and  de- 
cent. The  I'ame  cannot  be  laid  of  the  middle  of  the 
lioule.  For,  though  it  is  covered  with  dry  grafs,  it  is 
a  recept.icle  lor  every  kind  of  dirt,  and  the  place  where 
the  mine  trough  Hands,  the  Itench  of  which  is  by  no 
means  improved  by  raw  hides,  or  leather,  being  .omoll 
con  inually  tteepcd  in  it.  Behind,  and  over  the  trench, 
ihey  i)lace  the  tew  ef'ccts  tliey  have  in  their  pofl'v.-riion. 
Inch  as  tlicir  mats,  Ikins,    and  ap[>aiTi. 

No  liie-pfice  was  Icen  in  any  one  of  tluir  habitations  ; 
whicli  aie  lighted,  as  well  as  heateti,  by  lamps.  Botli 
lexes  often  warm  themlelves  over  one  of  thcic  lamps 
by  placing  it  between  tlicir  legs  under  their  garments, 
and  fitting  thus  over  \z  tor  leveral  minutes.  Tliefe 
[)eoplc  produce  tire  bv  collifion  and  attrition ;  the  tirit 
by  flriking  two  tlom  s  igainll  each  otiier,  on  one  of 
wiiich  a  ipiantity  ot  brimlt  )ne  has  been  previoully  rub- 
bed. 'I'he  latter  method  i>  pertormed  Li-'  mc-.ns  of  two 
pieces  of  wood,  one  of  which  is  liar,  .and  the  other  is 
a  Hick  of  the  length  of  about  a  f  «ir  and  a  half  I'hey 
pre  Is  the  pointed  end  of  the  liick  ii[ion  the  other  piece, 
whiiling  it  nimblv  round  as  a  vinll,  an^l  thus  tire  is  pro- 
cured in  a  tew  minutes.  I'his  metliod  is  comiiion  i:i 
many  counrrics.  It  is  notonlv  praetitid  by  thefe  people, 
liiit  alfo  by  the  Kamtlcliad.iks,  the  Greenfuulcrs,  the 
Oiaheiteans,  the  New  1  lollandeis,  anil  the  Br.uiiians, 
and  probably  by  other  n.itions. 

Their  houfehold  tiirniture  confifls  chiefly  of  wooden 
bowls,  troughs  and  platteis,  cans  buckets,  anil,  llnnc- 
limes  a  RuHian  kettle  or  j)ot.  Though  thefe  uti  nlils 
are  made  in  a  neat  manner,  no  other  tools  were  teen 
among  them  than  the  knife  anil  tiie  hatchet,  that  is,  a 
linall  piece  of  fiat  iron  maile  like  an  adze,  by  fixing  it 
into  a  crooked  wooden  handle. 

'I'he  c.inoes  in  ufc  among  the  natives  are  tin. '.Her  L;,;jn 
any  ol'  thofe  feen  upon  the  coail  of  Aimiica,  troiu 
which,  however,  they  differ  but  little  in  their  con- 
tlrui^tion.  The  head  is  forked,  and  the  upper  point  of 
the  ti)rk  proieds  without  the  under  one,  which  is  level 
with  the  lutlace  of  the  water.  It  is  remarkable  that 
they  llioiikl  thus  conllrucl  dicm,  (or  tlw  fork  generally 
6  D  catches 


A  NEW,  ROYAL,  an.,  AUTIILNTIC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVEIiSAI.  GEOCUAI'I  !Y. 


I; 
»  1 


catches  hoki  of  every  thing  that  conies  in  the  w.iv  -,  to 
prevent  whirh,  ihcy  fix  .\  |ii<-(C  of  linall  rtick  fnnn  one 
pow.t  to  the  other.  In  other  rrlj^'iits  laev  buihl  thur 
iMni>(s  after  the  in.u'.ner  of  tholi-  ut  the  1  lqiiini.ui\  aa.l 
Circenlamlers;  the  frame  htini;  of  llenJer  lai'.s,  ami 
the  e  )veriM|;  of  the  Ikin-.  of  fe.ils.  Ihey  are  about  i  a 
feet  in  lenfjjth,  liJ  inches  in  hreulth  in  the  iiiiiiilU-,  a.iil 
12  or  14  inches  in  ilepth.  1  hey  foinetimes  larry  two 
perfons,  one  of  wIidmi  fits  in  the  feat,  ot  roumi  hole, 
which  is  nearly  in  the  iiiiiklle,  ami  the  other  at  al«>iit 
three  feet  ilillance.  KounU  ihele  Imleb  is  a  rim  it  hooji 
of  wood,  about  wiiich  jjiit  Ikin  u  lewevi,  wlmh  can  Lie 
drawn  toi;ether,  or  upencJ  like  a  purle,  with  kathcip 
Itrin^s  littid  to  tlv,-  <nittr  eilge.  The  men  lit  in  thi-i 
place,  chaw  the  Ikin  tiL;ht  about  their  bodies  over  the 
gut-frock,  and  brinp  liie  ends  of  the  ihont's,  or  imili-- 
ilringj,  over  their  Ihotildtn.  The  lleevts  ot  their 
frocks  art- firtencd  tight  round  their  wrilh  *  and  it  being 
clofe  round  their  necks,  and  the  hood  being  drawn  over 
the  head  wliere  the  capconiihej  it,  water  cannot  pene- 
trate, either  int  >  the  canoe,-or  to  tiie  body,  in  their 
finiT*  canoes  they  make  ule  of  a  ■double- bladed  \\\  iille, 
wliicii  ij  lickl  vith  bo:h  liai.ds  in  the  middle,  lliikii.^ 
the  water  full  on  one  fide,  and  then  on  the  otiier,  with 
ai|uick  rejMil.ir  motion.  Ilais  the  canoe  is  impelled  ar 
a  {;reat  rate,  and  in  a  dire^ion  perfectly  ibaight.  In  fail- 
ing fiom  L.^'i'ochlh.ik  to  S.ing.moodha,  thoujzh  thclhip 
went  at  tlie  r.ae  of  feven  miles  an  hour,  two  oi  three 
canoes  kept  pace  with  her. 

Their  iniplemeiii-.  tor  lilliinir  and  huntin;^  arc  well 
contrived  and  cKecutid,  beinL'  (.f  wood  and.  bone,  and, 
in  I'ome  rclpecls,  ret'emblin.'  thole  ufed  by  the  (irceii- 
landers,  'I'he  m.iin  diticreuce  is  in  the  point  ot  the 
mifTile  dart,  of  which  l.in;e  were  I'cen  on  this  illand 
not  above  an  inch  in  length,  whereas  fome  of  thole  of 
the  (jreenlanders  arc  .ilmut  rburteen  inches  Ion;;;.  Their 
tiarts  (which  ;ib  wtil  as  their  otiier  inlfrumcnts,  are 
curious)  are  generally  mnle  of  lir,  and  are  about  tour 
feet  in  lennth.  On.-  end  is  fijrmed  of  bone,  into  wliieh, 
by  means  of  a  locket,  another  liiull  piece  cf  bone, 
which  is  barbed,  is  tixetl,  but  contrived  in  luch  a 
manner,  as  to  put  in  and  take  out  without  troiible. 
This  is  ft;cured  in  the  middle  of  the  flick  by  a  llr.nL', 
tiiough  thin,  piece  of  twine,  compoled  of  linews.  Tlie 
bird,  tilh,  or  other  animal,  is  no  l()oner  llruck,  than 
the  pointed  hi;iie  (lips  out  of  the  luekct,  but  retiiains 
fixed  in  its  bsniy  by  nu.uis  ot'  the  barb.  The  iLirt  then 
lervcs  as  a  lloat  to  trace  the  animal,  and  aifo  contributes 
to  fatigue  it  confiderably,  lo  that  it  is  eafily  taken. 
They  ttirow  thel'c  darts  by  the  alllUance  of  a  thin  piece 
of  wood,  twelve  or  fourteen  inches  long.  The  midiile 
of  this  is  (lightly  hollowed,  f-,r  the  better  reception  of 
the  weapon ;  and  at  the  termination  of  the  hollow, 
which  does  not  e.Htend  to  the  end,  is  tixed  a  fliort  point- 
ed piece  of  bone,  to  prevent  the  dart  from  llij'pin'^. 
The  otiier  extremity  is  fiirnilhed  witii  i  hole  fi^r  tne  re^- 
ception  of  the  fore- finger;  and  the  fides  are  ni.uie  to 
coincide  witii  the  other  fingers  and  thumb,  in  order  to 
t'/afp  with  the  greater  tirmnels.  The  natives  throw 
thel'e  darts  to  the  diffance  of  «  j  or  yo  yards,  with  great 
fjrce  and  dexterity.  They  are  exceedingly  expeit  in 
fluking  tiih,  both  in  the  lea,  and  in  rivers.  Tli,-y  ,,;i,, 
life  hooks  and  lines,  nets  and  wears.  The  lines  are 
formed  off  iiVed  finews  and  the  hooks  of  bone. 

The  only  nuificiil  inllriunent  feen  here  (if  it  deferves 
the  name)  was  a  l;ind  of  drum,  like  that  of  the  Ik  hut- 
fchi.  It  had  only  one  head,  compofed  of  a  part  of  the 
gut  of  a  whale,  drained  very  tight  over  a  frame.  But 
notwithfhndiiig  the  dirtinguilhed  limplicity  of  this  iri- 
ftrument,  they  greatly  admire  it,  and  it  furniflies  them 
not  only  widi  amufement,  when  individuals  invue  e.iih 
other  to  their  iioulirs,  but  it  alio  higlilv  contribures  to 
the  entertainment  of  the  company  at  all  public  aliem- 

blies. 

No  ofFenfive,  or  even  dcfenfive,  wcapn  w.is  feen 
a"--on:4  the  natives,  of  which,  it  was  naturally  fuppoled, 
rlv-y  iiid  been  deprived  by  tl»c  Kullians,  for  their  o.vn 
lately. 


S  1.  C  T  1  C)  N     II. 

n-'^.iif'lit'it  of  ihr  CcuiHn:  ytj^/tiH-^.  (hu-.lntfxiU, 
Binh.  Sf'i .briihil".  I'l/h.  kr/>'>/il"iie^i'fi/.rIJ,,i,l, 
IiiU'tiOin-/i  I'lii'i  I  ill-  HulJiun^.  l„Jji  nutwn  rueivfjjium 
than,     Condiifii'i  lininiiLi, 

''!"'!  lis  ill'.iid  abounds  in  hills,  |o;ne  of  which  arc 
X  very  higli.  I  he  low  liiid,  of  which  there  is  but 
little,  !..  very  m  ir:hy,  owin,^  to  tiie  w.it.  rs  that  a-e  per- 
petually flowing  from  tlir  hills.  The  foil  on  tlx  tops 
of  the  hills  is  .d>out  two  tcti  I'eep,  iimler  which  the.''c 
i-.  I  layer  of  imdl  ifupr's.  1  he  tides  of  tiie  hiiii  are 
ri  'i ;  and  tlie  iiiariliy  lo*  grouml  a  tine,  deep,  black 
iinl. 

As  the  exrurfions  and  oblervations  of  our  voyagers 
were  confined  to  tlie  I'ea-coalt,  tliey  had  not  .\n  oppor- 
t'.nity  of  obtaining  an  extcnfive  or  particular  knowledi^e 
of  tl'.e  ai.inial  or  vegetalile  producuons  of  the  tiuniiy. 
.Aiiim,;  the  plants  foun.l  here  are  the  pliir.iin,  niarlli- 
iiiari;;>)|d,  .iolet,  laxilr.ige,  |:)rrel,  dock,  g-raniiiiii, 
dinlelion,  coil's  foot,  fiiranne,  wild  cellerv,  a  kind  of 
crelles,  and  a  Iptcies  of  iii'iitard,  ill  of  whieh  alfordcd 
our  people  excellent  fallads,  and  were  very  .agreeable 
in  li'ups.  There  are  berries  of  dilRnnt  ijiccies,  as 
cran-berries,  hurtle  berries,  bramble  berries,  heath - 
berries,  i.\.c.  I'lierc  w.is  a  brrry  here  unknown  to  the 
nituralills:  it  hail  li^mcwhat  (/t  the  t.ille  of  alloc,  but 
diiiered  from  it  in  evi  ry  other  relpc.t.  When  eaten  in 
any  coniiderabl-  quantity,  it  proved  very  alli-ingent. 
Br.indy  might  lie  dillilled  from  it.  (\i/'l,iin  Cwk  en- 
deavoured to  pieferve  fotne,  but  they  tcrmentcd,  and 
became  as  flrong  as  if  they  had  been  itee[)ed  in  fpirits. 
rhe  low  land  is  generally  covered  with  a  long  coaric 
gral.. 

The  natives  are  indebted  to  the  lea  for  all  the  wood 
wiiicli  they  ule  for  building  and  other  necellary  pur- 
jiofes;  as  there  is  not  a  tree  to  be  feen  growing  on  tiic 
illan  1,  or  upon  tiie  neighbouring  coall  of  the  continent. 

i'he  I'eeds  01  plac.ts  have  been  conveyed,  by  various 
means,  from  one  part  of  the  world  to  another  ;  even  to 
iil.'.nds  Iving  in  the  midll  of  extenlive  oceans,  and  far 
dillant  from  any  other  lam's.  It  is,  therefore,  re- 
mark.ible,  that  tiiere  are  n  )  trees  ;7row'in^r  on  this  port 
ot  t!ie  .American  contimfnt,  or  ujion  anvof  the  .id|acenc 
ilk-,.  Thev  are  d oubtkjs  .as  well  fituated  for  receiving 
feeds,  by  t.he  various  w  's  of  conveyance,  as  tiiol'c 
coafls  which  have  plenty  i..  wood.  Nature  has,  per- 
haps, ilenietl  to  fomc  foiis  the  jiower  of  raiiiiii'  trees 
without  the  allillance  of  art.  With  refpevt  to  tiic  drift- 
wood upon  ihelb.ores  of  thel'e  ill.inds,  tiirre  is  no  doubt 
ot  its  Coining  from  America,  for  tlion'di  there  may 
be  none  on  the  n'-i^dibouim ;  coail,  a  fuliicient  ijiiantity 
may  grow  t.utlier  up  the  country,  which  may  be  broke 
kiole  Ijy  torrents  in  the  Ipnng,  and  brought  down  to  the 
tea;  and  not  a  little  may  be  conveyed  liom  the  woody 
co.ilis,  though  fitiiatod  at  a  more  confiderable  diflance. 

I'he  quadrupeds  feen  here  were  the  artic  fox,  and  a 
fpecies  of  marmotte  without  ears,  and  having  a  Ihort 
talk  The  natives  call  them  iitv'.ii,j)-i!i,'.  I  Icic  are  i.o 
deer,  or  any  ikmirtlic  animals,  not  even  tlogs. 

\\ater  low  Is  are  neither  found  here  in  tuch  numbers, 
or  in  luch  variety,  as  in  the  northern  parts  of  the  At- 
lantic Ocean.  However,  there  are  lomr  in  thel'e  parts 
that  tl>e  narurahils  did  not  recolleft  to  have  feen  in 
other  countries,  particularly  the, iA/ ?«o«i7,7ir(.a  of  Stdler, 
and  a  l)lirk  and  white  duck,  which  they  j.Higed  to  be 
tlifHrent  from  the  llone-duck  thit  Kialchemnikofr  has 
delciibecl  in  his  1  liftoryof  Kamtf  li..  ka.  All  the  odier 
birds  mentior.ed  liy  tins  auclior  Wi  r  ■  teen,  except  Ibme 
which  were  obferved  near  the  ice  ;  and  the  greatelt  part 
oftheK-,  il  nor  all,  have  been  defcribed  byM.irtui,  in 
Ins  voyage  to  (ireenland.  Cipljin  Cook  obferves,  it  is 
fimewiiat  extraordinary,  that  penguins,  which  arc  (o 
frequently  met  with  in  many  parts  of  the  world,  lliould 
not  be  found  in  this  lea.  Aibatn^ifes  are  extremely 
Icarce  too.      i'he  land  birds  lecn  were  the  bull-tinch, 

the 


■4f 


f' 


New   Dmcove 

the  wootl-pcckcr 
and  wren. 

'la,,,  and  the 
roils  in  this  as  in 
ileed,  to  t)e  (iiun  I 
and  the  lea-otter 
in  thislca.     An  j 
t)le  that  lileiv    aft 
iicad  reieiiiti!ing  i 
ani.iiul,  uiiel  its  v. 
Iperl'e.l.      'I'his   w 
llie  lilh  that 
cod,  tr  >ut,  aiul  I 
tiie  end.  III  D.tol 
pi'tfoiles,  and  gi 

'I'liere  are  few 
and  few  reptiles, 

Native  fulphur 
this  ilkiiid,  but  o 
procured  it.  Tl 
.tfforils  a  purple 
{?oo  I  green.  1 
{^reyilli  green  Inn 
loives  in  oil;  but 
tlier  1  )les  its  (jio 
and  hills  were  in 

The  Oonalalh! 
hills,  and  raile  ov 
the  natives,  w!io 
the  country,  poin 
thedeaik  Tlure 
that  had  a  heaj)  o 
it  added  a  llone  ti 
levcral  fbjne  hillo 
cialiy  railird.  St 
fjreat  anti.pity. 

Our  countrynu 
'ng  either  t.ic  re 
hav!n^;lc(.nii  othii 
eitlier. 

An  txtraortlina 
between  our  offici 
.ladika.  ('.ipnua 
live  a  few  days  af 
ha  Hay,  a  very  fi 
latlier  a  pie  in  th 
falinon,  v.ill  i'v.\{ 
brought  a  fimilar  [ 
for  each  of  the  c.i 
they  did  not  under 
thcfc  two  prefenti 
neiglibourho  )d,  a 
I'.'.me  ineiler.gtr,  i 
ties  of  rum,  win 
would  be  highly 
with  the  native  th( 
gent  man,  for  the 
tion,  with  orders, 
fliould  endeavour 
•llrangers  were  I'.n;. 
nation. 

The  corporal  n 
furrieio,  who,  wit 
Ihac,  where  they 
lioufi-,  and  a  lloo| 
of  thefe  Kuflians 
vcllcl.  They  wci 
men,  and  extrem 
information  they  c 

I'hey  appeared 
tempts  which  dieii 
the  I'ror.en  Ocean 
made  from  Kani 
ami  Spangenberg. 
the  memory  of  an 
to  that  of  Bcering 

'Jhe  trade  in  w 
ugeous,  and  its  b 


i^V, 


I A  I'll  Y. 


(.  Qii,:liti/)n'i, 
cuts  iifilf  J)"i(l. 
iou  Ui  tiieJJiutu 


\e  of  wliith  arr 
liicl)  tliirc  i>  Uiit 
1  rs  that  a-o  (>rr- 
loil  on  tlx  tops 
iltr  which  there 
uf  tiie  htili  are 
ini,  deep,  black 

of  our  voyagers 
il  not  .111  oppor- 
cuhr  knottii-Ji^e 

(U  the  iDiiniiv. 
pliiraiii,  niarlli- 
■jik,  j^rraiiiiim, 
■llcTV,  a  kind  of 
f  whidi  a(}or.ir.l 
r  Very  af'rceabic 
innt   fpetic*,  as 

brrrii'i,     hiath- 

unknown  to  the 

le  ot   a  Hoc,  but 

When  cattn  in 

very   altxinr^ent. 

'ill'lilUl    C.''V/i    CM- 

•  fcrtncnrcil,  and 

Itcprti  in  Ipirits. 
;h  a  \ov,\'  coarle 


NtW     I)Mtnvr,R!ES.3 


NORTH       AM  I,  R  I  C  A. 


475 


for  all  the  wood 
r  nctellary  pur- 
growing  on  tiie 
of  the  continent, 
eyed,  by  various 
xno:her ;  even  tu 
o^eaib,  and  far 
s,  theretijie,  rc- 
'inj5  on  this  port 
ly  of  the  .idjai'enc 
ted  for  rtcci/ing 
[■yant-e,  as  ihofc 

ature  lias,  per- 
of  raifi.'.jj  trees, 
H-vt  to  ihedrift- 
iirre  is  no  doubt 
oii'iji  thrrc  may 
fiiciciit  (juantity 
h  may  be  l>ioke 
t^ht  down  to  the 
rom  the  woody 
iirable  dillance. 
iirtic  f)x,  anil  a 

having  a  Ihort 
1  Icir  arc  l.o 

I)   lld'^S. 

n  Inch  numbers, 

artb  of  the    At- 

nr  in  thile  parts 

:o   have  fren    in 

u/iriKjofStclier, 

L-y  j;;ciacd  to  be 

chrninikofF  has 

All  the  other 

en,  except  Ibme 

the  ^reatclV  part 

.1  by  M.irtii;,  in 

'k  obfervcs,  it  is 

wiiiih   arc  lb 

le  world,  l]iould 

are  extremely 

the  bull -fuich, 

the 


the  wooti- pecker,  the  yellow-finch,  titmoufe,  fwallow, 
and  wren. 

^'i.ii.,  and  the  tril>c  of  dx  animils,  arc  not  fo  ramie- 
roil-,  in  rhis  a'-  m  m.iny  other  U  as.  Sea  horles  are,  in- 
iiceil,  t )  be  fiund  in  proili^iotis  numlicrs  .ibinif  the  ice; 
ai;  1  ill/  lea-oiter  \s  fearce  any  vsneie  to  be  nn  t  with  lint 
in  thi'jjea.  An  a  umal  was  lometuiics  Iten  by  otir  peo- 
thar  blew  alter  the  manner  ot  whale..  It  had  a 
it.ul  re;en.l>liii;^  ihat  of  a  leal.  It  w.is  jarj^er  than  tli.it 
am  lial,  ainl  ics  colour  was  wliiie,  with  dark  (pots  inter- 
Iperi'e.l.     'Ihia  was,  perhaps   the   miiint^,  m  li-aeo.v. 

1  ne  lilli  ili.it  moll  abound  here  are  lahiKjn,  ro(  k- 
co.i,  tr  Mit,  and  hilili'it.  Aiioot  the  mi  lile,  and  to 
tin- end,  olO.lober,  the  inhabitants  latchiod.  Whales, 
|)i'r(.>oiks,  and  ^rampiirr;,  are  likewife  t.iken  here. 

'I'here  are  few  other  infei't.-.  lure  befidc:,  mulketos, 
aid  ti*  reptiles,  except  li7ards. 

N.i'ue  liili'hur  was  obferved  .imnni»  the  peo|)lr  of 
this  ilkuid,  but  our  people  could  nor  learn  wliere  they 
pro.rured  it.  They  .ilto  (onnd  m  hie,  and  a  Hone  that 
afr'ords  a  purple  (oloin;  iwliilc.  another  ih.it  ^>ives  a 
{foiil  ijreen.  'I  his  lalt,  in  its  natural  Hate,  is  of  a 
^reyilli  [treen  hue,  coirle,  anil  lieavy.  It  readily  dif- 
loives  in  oil ;  b'lt  when  ic  is  put  into  water,  it  altoge- 
ther I  lies  its  properties.  The  Hones  about  the  Ihure 
ai.d  hills  Were  in  no  inllance  reiii.irkable. 

Tiie  Oonalalhlvans  inter  their  dead  on  the  tops  of 
liilis,  and  railv.-  over  tiie  I'lave  a  litrle  hillock.  One  of 
the  native.^,  w!io  .ittendtfl  dj/^nii  C/jok  in  a  walk  into 
the  country,  [.nntul  out  Icver.il  of  thele  rejiofitories  o( 
t!'.e  il(  ad.  There  was  one  of  them  by  the  fide  of  a  road, 
th.it  had  a  heap  of  Hones  over  it;  and  all  who  pail  d 
i:  addeil  a  Hone  to  the  heap.  In  the  country  were  ken 
levrial  llone  hillocks,  that  leemed  to  have  been  aniri- 
rialiy  laileil.  Suine  of  them  were  to  ajipearance,  cf 
■jre.if  anti.i'uty. 

Our  ciuiiitrynien  could  derive  no  knowledge  rrlpct- 
•  :y  either  Lie  reli;^ion  or  diverlions  of  thele  [leopie, 
liavinj^leuiii  ithiiij;  that  could  j^ive  them  an  infight  into 
I'iihei. 

An  extraordinary  incident  brnu^'ht  on  an  interrourle 
b/fvveen  our  officers  and  the  RulV.ans  refid-nr  at  Oniu- 
l.i.iika.  Cifi'iiii  Cc^i  received,  by  die  h.iiuK  ot  a  na- 
tive a  few  days  after  he  came  to  anchor  in  San'janood - 
ha  Hay,  a  vuy  riii[;ular  prel'cnr.  It  was  a  rye  loaf,  or 
railier  a  pie  in  the  torin  ol  a  l'>af,  as  it  eru  lofcd  !ome 
lahno",,  v.ill  leal.n'd  with  pepper.  I'his  man  had 
brought  a  limilarpielent  (or  Captain  Gierke,  and  a  no:e 
for  eac!i  of  the  captains,  written  in  a  character  which 
ihey  tiid  not  underlland.  It  was  natural  to  im.igine  that 
thele  two  pretents  were  from  I'ome  Rullians  tluii  in  tl-.e 
nei^liboiirhojd,  and  therefore  the  captains  lent,  by  the 
l.'me  ineller.gcr,  to  thele  unknown  friends,  a  lew  bot- 
tles of  rum,  wine,  ;i;id  porter,  which  they  flippoled 
■would  be  highly  acceptable.  Capluni  Cook  alfo  li.-nc 
with  the  native  the  corporal  of  the  marines,  an  intelli- 
:^ent  man,  for  the  purpole  of  gaiiiin;:;  farther  informa- 
tion, With  orders,  that  if  he  met  with  any  Kuflkini,  he 
lliould  endeavour  to  make  them  underlland,  that  the 
•Hrangers  Were  l'.n<;lilhnien,  the  friends  and  allies  of  their 
riation. 

'I'he  corporal  returned  with  three  Ruffian  feamen,  or 
furrier.,  who,  with  leveral  others,  refid.ed  at  I'.yooch- 
!hac,  where  they  had  lomc  Horc-houles,  a  duelling- 
houle,  and  a  (loop  of  about  thirty  tons  burthen.  One 
ot  thefe  Ruflians  was  either  mailer  or  mate  of  this 
velli.1.  I'hcy  were  all  three  intelligent,  well-behaved 
men,  and  extremely  ready  to  give  our  people  all  the 
information  they  could  delire. 

I'hey  appeared  to  have  a  perfect:  knowledge  of  the  at- 
tempts which  their  countrymen  had  ni.Kle  to  navigate 
the  i'ror.en  Ocean,  and  of  the  dilcoveiies  that  h.id  been 
made  from  Kamtlchatka,  by  Beering,  Tl'cherikoir, 
and  Spangenberg.  Never  was  greater  relpecl  paid  to 
the  memory  of  any  eminent  perlun,  th.m  by  thele  men 
to  that  of  Beering. 

'i'he  tr.ide  in  which  they  are  engaged  is  very  advan- 
ugeoub,  anJ  its  being  undertaken  and  extended  to  the 


eaHward  of  Kamtlchatka  w.is  the  immediate  refult  of 
the  Iccoiul  voyage  ol  that  diHin;viiflied  navijvitor, 
whole  misfortunes  proved  the  (mncc  o('  much  private 
benelit  to  individuals,  and  of  public  utility  to  the  Ruf- 
(ian  empire.  And  yet,  if  his  dillrelles  had  not  acciden- 
tally (ariied  him  to  the  i!l and  which  bears  his  name, 
where  he  eiukd  his  life,  and  (iom  whence  the  remainder 
of  his  Ihip's  crew  brought  back  fpecimens  of  its  valua- 
ble fllr^,  the  Rulikuis  woukl  probably  have  undertaken 
no  liiture  voy.jgcs,  which  could  lead  them  to  make  dil- 
lovi  ries  in  this  (ea,  towards  the  An.er.can  toal}.  In- 
deed .dter  this  time,  their  luiiiiHry  leem  to  have  paid 
Lis  aticiui.in  to  this  objcc"tj  and  for  what  dilcoveiiej 
have  been  fincc  made,  the  world  is  [irincipally  indebted 
to  the  enterprizing  Ipirit  of  private  merchants,  cii- 
courageil,  however,  by  the  luperinttnding  care  of  the 
court  of  l'cterfl)urgli. 

I'he  three  R  iH'.ans  departed  perfciflly  fatisfied  with 
the  reception  they  had  .net  with,  and  proniil'ed  to  re- 
tnin  in  a  few  days,  and  bring  with  them  a  chart  of  lliC 
iilands  lituaie  between  Kamtlchatka  and  Oonalallika. 

While  Ciif'liun  Cook  was  at  a  vill.ige  not  far  (roin 
.Saiipanhoodlia,  a  RuHian  lanileil  there,  who  proved  to 
be  the  [iriiiiip.d  perlon  among  his  countrymen  in  this 
and  the  adiaeent  illes.  Misname  was  l-.rafiin  Grego- 
riolV  Sin  llniylolF.  When  he  came  on  board  the  Relo- 
liition,  C'litMii  (^o^^i  fiiuiul  him  very  well  acquainted 
with  the  ['eography  of  thole  parts,  and  with  all  the  dil- 
cov<rrics  which  had  bee  \  made  in  this  quarter  by  the 
Rullians. 

Not  only  Ifinylofl",  but  alio  the  otiier  RulTians  affirm  • 
ed  that  they  were  totally  unacquainted  with  the  Ameri- 
can continent  to  the  northw.ird,  and  that  no  Ruffian 
lia.i  Iccn  it  of  late  years.  They  called  it  by  the  lame 
name  which  .Mr.  .St.i  liiin  has  erroneouHy  afR.xed  to  his 
large  illand,  that  is,  Alalchka. 

i'he  Kullian-,  as  our  people  were  Informed,  have 
made  fcver.il  aiteiiipts  to  gain  a  footing  upon  that  pare 
(if  tlie  \  irih  .American  continent  that  lies  contiguous 
to  Oonilalhka  and  tiie  adjacent  iflands,  but  have  con- 
Hantly  been  repulled  by  the  inhabitants,  whom  they  re- 
prelen.etl  as  a  very  treacherous  people,  'ihey  made 
mention  of  two  or  three  c.iptaini,  or  chief  men,  wl,o 
had  been  i.r.irdercd  by  them,  and  tome  of  the  RulTianb 
ll.cwed  wounds,  which  they  iltclared  they  had  received 
there.  'Ihey  alio  informed  our  people,  th-t,  in  the 
year  1773,  an  expedition  had  been  unilertaken  into  the 
frozen  Ocean  in  lledges  over  the  ice,  to  duee  large 
iflands,  that  arc  fituaie  oppofite  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Kovyma. 

A  tew  d.iys  after  their  ptomife,  the  three  Radians 
whom  the  corporal  had  brought,  returned  with  the 
ch.irts  belbre- mentioned.  'I'licfe  charts  were  two  in 
number,  were  both  manulcripts,  and  bore  every  mark 
t)t  authenticity.  One  of  them  comprehended  the  Pen- 
lliinlkian  Sea;  the  coalt  of  i'aitary,  as  low  35  the  lati- 
tude of  .\A  deg.  north;  the  Kuri'e  Iflands,  and  the 
pcninfula  of  Kamtlchatka.  i'he  other  chart  compre- 
hended all  the  dilcovcries  that  the  Ruffians  had  made 
to  the  ealhv.ird  of  Ivanitfchatka  towards  America. 

'i'he  l.itiniile  of  the  coaH  dilcoveretl  by  Ikering  and 
I'lcherikoff,  jiarticularly  that  part  of  it  diicovered  by 
the  latter,  differs  confiderably  from  Mr.  MuUcr's 
chart. 

According  to  II'mylolTs  account,  neither  the  num- 
ber or  litiiation  of  tlie  iflands  which  are  difpcrfed  be- 
tween ^2  deg.  and  55  deg.  of  latitude,  in  the  fpace  be- 
tween Kamtlchatka  and  America,  is  properly  afcer- 
taiiied.  1  le  llruck  out  a  third  of  them,  alfuring  d-ijit. 
Cook  that  they  ilid  not  exill;  and  he  confider.ibly  altered 
the  fmiation  of  others,  which,  he  laid,  w.is  nerelfary 
(rom  the  obl'ervations  which  he  himlelf  had  made;  and 
there  was  no  realiin  to  entertain  a  doubt  about  this.  As 
thefe  iilands  are  nearly  under  the  fame  parallel,  ditferent 
navigators,  milled  by  their  different  reckonings,  might 
eafily  miHake  one  illand,  or  cluHer  of  iilands,  for  ano- 
ther, and  imagine  they  had  made  a  new  difcovery, 
when  they  had  only  found  old  ones,  in  a  pofuion  fome- 

wluc 


Hi 

li 


fi'fl 


47' 


A  X 


NTAV,  ROYAL,  anh  AUTIir.NTIC  ?YSTr.M  or  I'MVFRSAI.  cr.OGP APIIY. 


IM 


•I'T 


i'.|; 


1, ' 


iffV 


Nsh,U  diftVrent  from  tliat  uhidi  their  former  vilkors  had 

afl'iiiitil  to  tlu'.'i.  ,.     A 1    , 

tl,e  Uks  of  St.  Tlu-odorc,  St.  Sti-phcn,  St.  Abr.i- 

him.    St.     Macarius,    Saliiclion    Ill.md,    ami    Icycral 

others  which  are   rrprHcntcd  in  Mr.  Mulicr  s  chart, 

wxre  not  to  be  found  in  this  now  pruduccii.     iNay,^  II 

mvlolV,  and  thf  other  Uiiir.atis,  aiVarcd  C.j/'l.m   ^;";f, 

thiit  thcv  h.id  been  frequently  fought  lor  vvrhnut  dlcU. 

Nevi  rthrlcfs,  it  is  diliieult  to  believe  that  Mr.  Muller 

could  place  them  in  his  cii.irt  \vithout  Ionic  authority. 

C  ■■>:'<  O'd,  howevir,  conlidin-;  in  the  telliniony  ot 

tilde  iKoplc,  vUioin  he  thoujht  toiiipetcnt  witntlles, 

omitte'l  th.m  in  his  chart,  and  made  fi    h  correction. 

rcfpefting  the  other  itlaiuls,  as  he  had  aalon  to  think 

were  necelVary.  ,,    ■ 

The  American  continent  is  here  called,  by  the  Isui- 
fians,  as  well  as  by  the  illandcr-,  Alalclil^a;  which  ap- 
pellation, thoucji  it  properly  belongs  only  to  that  part 
which  is  contii^uous  to  an  illmd  c.illed  OoneemaU,  is 
made  ule  of  In-  them  when  ipe.ikiiig  of  thg  Ametican 
continent  in  gciicral. 

'I  his  W.1S  all  the  intelligence  G?/;/,-;:';  Tv!  -f.t  from 
thefe  people  refpecVmg  the  geography  of  this  [  ai  t  ot  t.ie 
globe;  and,  perhaps,  all  the  infoniwtion  they  were  able 
to  gi\-e.  for  thev  repeatedly  allured  him,  that  they 
knew  of  no  other  lilands  befides  thole  which  were  re- 
piefented  upon  this  chart,  and  that  no  RuHian  had  ever 
vilitedany  jiart  of  the  .■Vnicrican  contin-jnt  to  tiie  north- 
w.ird,  except  that  wliioh  is  oppofite  the  country  of  the 
Tichutlki. 

1  Living  contracted  r.n  acquaintance  with  thele  Rul- 
fians,  ourolHcers  vifitcd  their  fettlcmcT.  on  the  illaiid. 
It  confilled  of  a  dwcliing-houfe  and  two  llore  houle-. 
Befides  die  RulTuns,  there  was  a  number  of  the  Kamti 
thadaks,  and  of  the  Oonalaflikans,  as  lervants  to  the 
former.  Some  other  natives  of  tliis  iflaml,  \\ho  a;)- 
peared  to  be  independent  of  the  RuITlaiis,  lived  at  ti.e 
fame  place.  Such  of  them  as  belonged  to  the  RulFians 
were  all  of  the  male  lex;  and  tliey  are  either  taken,  or 
purchalcd,  from  their  parents  when  young.  'I'lierc 
were  at  this  time  about  twenty  of  thefe,  wh  >  could  be 
confidered  in  no  other  light  than  .as  ( hildien.  They 
all  refided  in  the  fame  lioule ;  the  RufHans  at  the  iipi>er 
end,  the  Kamtlchadales  in  the  middle,  and  the  Qona- 
lalhkans  at  the  lower  end. 

Gipliiin  Cook,  at  t.'ie  dole  of  liis  account  of  tliis  iflaml, 
remarks,  that  though  the  relemblance  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  his  nortii-ttcfiern  fide  of  America,  to  thole  of 
the  Efquiiiiaux  and  Greenlan.lcrs,  in  vai;:)us  [larticu- 
lars  of  perfon,  drcis,  weapons,  canoes,  and  the  like, 
could  not  but  attraft  his  attention,  he  was  much  kfs 
ftruckwithd'.is,  than  with  the  allinity  fubfilling  between 
the  diaierls  of  the  Greenlanders  of  l-'.fquimaux,  and 
tlioie  of  Oonalalhka.  I  le  obferves,  that,  with  refpect 
to  the  words  which  were  collecled  by  our  peo[)le  on  t';is 
ilde  of  America,  too  much  llrefs  is  not  to  be  laid  upon 
their  being  accurately  rcprefcnted  ;  fir  after  the  death 
of  Mr.  Andcrfoii,  there  were  few  who  totik  any  great 
degree  of  pains  about  fuch  matters ;  and  they  had  often 
fouud  that  the  fame  word,  written  down  by  two  or  I'lfire 
perfons,  from  the  mouth  of  the  lame  native,  ilitTered 
Lonfulcrably,  on  being  comparetl  together.  Neverthc- 
lefs  he  a.firm.s,  there  is  enough  to  authnii/.e  this  judge- 
ment, that  t'lere  is  great  realon  to  fuppole  that  ail  thele 
nations  ;ue  of  the  fame  cxtraciion;  and  if  that  be  the 
cafe,  there  ii  a  little  doubt  of  there  being  a  northern 
tommuni^.'iion  by  lea,  between  the  \.'-llern  fid<-  of 
America,  and  the  eallern  fide,  through  li.ili'.'i's  Hay; 
which  communication,  however,  i^  perh.ips,  ellectu- 
ally  lliutui)  againll  fliips,  by  ice  and  other  obftuidions  ; 
fuch,  at  leall,  was  dipUin  Cci.k\  opinion. 

1  laving  tlius  defcribcd  every  particular  oblcrvation 
matle  by  Gz/'/i;.::  On^k  relative  to  the  illnnd  of' Oona 
l.ilhka,  together  witii  the  manners,  cufloiiis,  and  lin- 
;';ular  ceremonies  of  the  inhabitant'.,  we  fhall  now  ])ro 
cecd   to   his   account  of    Nooika,   or    King  (.jcorge'j 
Sound,  which   h.e   vifitcd   in   his   lafl:  vojagc,  and  of 
v.hich  lie  gives  the  following  account: 
j 


NOOTKA,  oil  KING  (JEORGE's  SOUND. 
S  !•:  C  T  I  O  N     I. 


O'  y'iov.i 
'J'yvilr 


Cnfmciu,-''  previous  to  thar  foviin^  on  lininl 
(Itvhjhfd.     ArlidrsolTmJf,:.     European  T'u.lfi 
;;,.//<■(/  !')■  the  Xi'.'ii:-'  ,j/i,i\iloy  Joivir. 


c 


.M'l'AlN'  COOK,  in  hi,  hl>  voyage,  being  in 
the  kuitud-; '.f  J3  dcg.  north,  obferves,  that  iho' 
it  was  then  the  winter  feati)n  the  people  on  iio.uil  only 
began  to  feel  a  fenlation  of  cokl  in  the  mornings  .  n  1 
evenings,  and  he  m.ikes  this  remark  as  a  pruof  of  the 
equal  and  dur.ible  influcn'e  of  the  heat  (.f  the  I'un  at 
ah  liiiu-sto  ;o  degnes  on  each  fide  the  ecj'ihio.  iial  line. 

When  they  re.iVlied  the  I'.titii.ie  of  49  de.g.  z<j  mm. 
n  irth,  numbers  of  lofty  moiiniaiiis  pulcnted  then;- 
felves  to  view,  the  liimmits  of  which  wtretovcird  with 
fiiow.  The  vallies  between  them  and  the  land  towards 
the  coafl  were  covered  with  tall  ihaight  trees  that  a[i- 
l)e.ircd  like  a  vail  foretl.  Metueen  two  Points,  ciUcd 
bv  Cai  tain  Cook,  I'oint  Breakeis  and  Woody  i'oint,  a 
large  Hay  is  formed,  wiiich  he  called  Hope  ikiy,  hoping, 
as  "he  laid,  to  find  in  it  a  good  harbour,  and  the  tvcnt 
proved  he  was  not  mifkike.-i. 

As  loon  as  they  api-iroaihed  .an  inlet  to  the  iiorth- 
eafl  corner  of  the  b.iy,  they  perceived  tl.e  co.ill  to  be 
ii.habited;  and  thiee  canoes  came  off  to  the  fliip,  in 
one  o\  which  were  two  men,  in  another  fix,  and  in  the 


Advancing  pretty  near,  a  p'  r; 


n  ll) 


■'I' 


)  Lll.an'l  Ipokc  for  a  cciKfiderable 


othe;  ten. 
in  one  of  the  tv. 

time,  inviting  c\w  people,  as  tiiey  fuppofeiiby  his_  gef- 
ture>,  togoallioiTi  and,  .at  the  lame  tiiiie  continual 
brewing  feathers  towards  tliem.  Some  of  his  compa- 
nions a'lfo  threw  a  red  powder  in  the  fame  manner. 

llie  perfon  who  was  the  orator  on  this  occ.il'.on  w.ii 
cloaihed  with  tlie  Ikin  of  fome  animal,  a'-d  held  Ibmc- 
thing  in  eacli  haml  which  rattkd  as  he  ll.cok  it.  At_ 
ler.gdi,  grown  weary  with  his  repeated  exhortation?,  of 
winch  tliey  could  not  cuinprehend  a  word,  he  became 
i]unt;  and  the  otliers,  in  their  turn,  had  IjiiKtliing  ti> 
lav ;  t)u:  then  I'l  ceches  were  neither  li)  long,  or  lo  ve- 
hement as  tl  .It  of  the  other.  'i"!ie  hair  of  two  or 
three  (.f  thele  jieo[ile  was  flrewcd  over  with  fmall  white 
feathers;  and  that  of  others  with  lar^e  ones,  thick  into 
ditl'erent  parts. 

The  tunv.'kii'ii's  noil"''  havi;-'-i;  ce.iftd,  I'lcy  lay  at  a 
fmall  dilhinre  from  r'le  Oiip,  ciiiverfing  toother  with 
much  eale  arul  <  umpolure,  without  Ihewing  the  le.ift 
dillrtill  or  I'urpri.e.  Some  of  theni  rol't;  occafionally, 
and  laid  liimething  aloud,  ;ifttr  the  inaniur  of  tiieir 
fiifl  harangues;  and  one,  in  p;>rticular,  fling  a  moll 
.igreeable  air,  accom])anied  wirii  a  ()e;:ree  ot  iiiel'idy 
andloftnef.;  the  word  Lul'i  being  frequently  repeatcJ 
as  the  burden  of  the  long. 

\\'hen  the  flips  came  dufer  to  the  lluiie,  the  canoes 
began  to  vilit  tf.em  in  great  numbers,  there  being,  at 
one  time,  no  Icis  tiiaii  ;  i  of  tliem  about  them,  con- 
taining from  three  to  fiven  or  eight  periods  each,  and 
of  botli  lexes.  Several  of  thefe  alii)  flood  i.|)  ami  fpake 
aloud,  uling  the  lame  geflures  as  the  fiill  vilitors.  t)ne 
cannc  p.irticulaily  attr.uHed  obfrrvatioii,  by  a  peculiar 
head,  whi',li  had  a  bird's  eve,  and  an  enoimous  larg  • 
beak,  painted  on  it.  The  perfmi  who  w.is  in  it,  .-iiiJ 
who  apj, eared  to  be  a  rliief,  was  et]ually  reir.ark.ible 
fur  his  hiifMilar  a|)pearance,  having  a  lari^e  i|iMntity  of 
featliers  hanging  from  his  he;u!,  and  being  piinteti  or 
fmeared  in  a  viry  extraordinary  manner.  In  his  hand 
he  Ind  a  carved  bird  of  wood,  of  die  li/e  of  a  pigeon, 
with  which  he  often  rattled,  and  was  (qiially  vocifi*- 
rous  in  his  ii.iraiigue,  which  was  aeccmpanicd  with 
niany  expicllive  gellurcs.  TK'iugh  thele  vifitors  were 
fo  pe:ueable,  tli.it  iheycouM  not  bf  lul|  rc'led  of  ,iny 
hol'iile  intention,  not  any  of  them  could  be  jrevailcd 
upon  tr)  come  on  board.  They  were  ready,  however, 
to  part  with  any  t!un<j  they  had,  and  received  wliatc^cr 

wai 


M' 


3;:' 


N;'.w  Discover 

was  ofTered  them 
after  iron  than  a 
appearing  to  be  1 
me  ll. 

Some  ccremo 
previous  to  tliei 
with  their  utmofl 
fliips;  a  cliicf,  a 
in  his  hand,  and 
(ifrroully.  Th.e 
vercd  with  a  mal 
tenance,  or  that 
a  fpear,  he  had  .1 
made  this  ceremo 
come  along  fide, 
people.  Freque 
tain  them  with 
i:)ined,  and  pr :>d 

When  the  fhif 
by  canoes  tilled  \ 
was  commenced 
in  iny  and  integr 
romnicrce  were 
bears,  lea- otters, 
tins,  and  pole-c 
made  of  fkins ;  ; 
ted  from  the  bark 
Befides  thele  art 
tiHi  hooks,  varii) 
lepreltrnting  hor 
carve  I  work,  be 
ornaments  of  tlii 
{hr^i-,  which  the) 
had  likewife  lev 
fomewl  "  refemb 
l^ilion  ofthell-  m 
infer,  fh  i.  tliey  n 
peopi-  of  fome 
witn  thole  (.in  tlic 
munication  with 

But  the  molt 
fered  to  talc  wei 
of  the   tlefh   rcir 
ledged  they  had 
indeed,  bore  evi 
the  fire.     Fri)m 
parent,  that  the 
mies  is  praiTtiled 
other  Soujji  Sea 
iKim  their  bring 
inier,  that  they 
brutal  cruelty;  y 
ncial  agreement 
tribe  of  uncivili; 
I^art  of  the  globe 
they    received    1 
looking-glalTes,  I 
kind   of  metal. 
gLis  be.ids,  and 

Such  of  the  n 
the  moft  bencficii 
trifles,  they  tmp 
always  pet  took  t 
c'.irrd  fir  ihrm 
nial  (jil,  which 
ck    '    attempted 
oil;  ai...,  v..    ■ 
a    to  till  tl'.cir  I 
hf  trcr  to  wink  .;• 
pi... I  :..e  a  CjUiiiii 
<  1  1.  Ily  c  milled 
ll..  e  a  (.onll 
aicn  like  toys, 
ivit  highly  cllim.i 
1  V  the  liaiives 
iiig  linighc  after 
fliips  left  t!.e  fi) 
in  tliein,  except 
No.   J 


jRAPIIY. 
GE':,  SOl.ND. 

:    1. 

/.'■   N,:tiiCi.     Onion 
i|c  OK  bi'ind.      'J'y'ihir 
Eiiropiisa  I'uhlf  I'.- 
■  /o:{:(i: 

J^  voy:ij»c,  bAtvj,  ill 
,  obllrvcs,  that  th(j' 
rople  on  ho.m.1  only 
ill  tlie  inornin^s  .  ii  I 
k  as  a  piDof  i)(  tlie 
[•  lu'at  (>t'  the  lun  ;u 
,■  the  fci'iiiKii'vinl  line. 
of  49  ilii^.  29  mill, 
ins  j>r>f(.iitcd  ihfii;- 
ch  wuctnveird  «itli 
aiul  the  IjikI  towards 
rai|^;ht  trees  that  ap 
;;i  two  P(iilU';,  called 
and  Woody  Point,  a 
d  1  1o;h-  Day,  hopiiijr, 
boiir,  arid  the  twiu 

1  inlet  to  the  north - 
•ived  tlie  eoall  to  be 
le  olT  to  the  fliip,  in 
notlier  iix,  and  in  the 
ir,  a  prri  n  llo  'd  iij) 
;<c  for  a  coi-.Hderable 
,•  t'uppofciiliy  his  ijef- 
l.mie  time  cuitiauccl 
Some  of  his  coinpa- 
the  fame  niamier. 
r  on  thi>  crcalion  was 
uir.al,  and  htld  Ibiiie- 
1  as  l.e  Ib'tiU  it.  At 
■cnted  exhortation?,  of 


New  Discoverif.s.] 


NORTH      AMERICA. 


477 


a  wori 


',1 


he  becanii; 


urn,  had  l')iiii.thiiig  ta 

her  fo  lorirj,  or  to  ve- 

The  hair  of  two  or 

I  over  with  fmall  wiiitc 
lar;^e  ones,  Ihick  into 

;  ee.did,  t'lcy  lay  at  .i 
ivcrfnv;  tonthcr  with 
louc  (lanviiig  the  ie.ilt 
leni  roft;  oec.'.fioiially, 
the  inanriT  i,t  tiieir 
irticular,  limp  a  ;ii(jlt 
\  a  i!e;:rce  of  r.iel'idy 
in^  frcvii;ently  repeated 

)  tl'.c  lliore,  the  c.inoe.s 
nbtrs,  there  bein:;,  at 
leiii  about  tluiii,  lon- 
"Jit  perloiiS  eicli,  and 
lili)  iiood  l;p  and  fp.iLe 
,  the  lirll  \-ilitcir^.  One 
rvatioii,  by  a  peculiar 
nd  an  enoimoiis  lar;^' 

II  vUio  was  in  it,  and 
as  equally  rcinark.iblc 
ni!;  .1  lan;e  ipi.uitity  ol 

and  bein;.-;  painted  or 
manner.  In  his  hand 
)f  the  i'l/v  of  a  pigron, 
rid  was  Kiually  voeile- 
vas  aii'ciiipauicd  with 
ur'h  thel'e  vilitiirs  were 
lot  bf  lul|  n'ied  of  .uiy 
em  Could  be  jrevailtd 
,'  were  ready,  l-.owever, 

and  rcceiwd  wliatc^er 
va* 


w.is  oflVret!  thfni  in  exolMn,7e,  but  were  more  folicioiis 
ai'rcr  iron  than  all  of  oiir  other  articles  of  commerce, 
appearing  to  be  no  U rangers  to  the  ufe  of  tliat  valuable 
me  d. 

i)onie  ccremonifs  took  pbce  among  thefe  people 
previous  to  their  coming  on  lK)ard.  They  paddled, 
with  their  utniofl  ftrmgth  ami  activity,  round  both  the 
fliipSi  a  chief,  all  this  time,  flanding  up  with  a  fpear 
in  his  hand,  and  fpeaklng,  or  rather  b.iwling,  moft  vo- 
( ifrroully.  The  face  of  this  orator  was  fomctimes  co- 
vered with  a  malk,  reprefcnting  either  a  human  coun- 
tenance, or  that  ot  fome  other  animal;  and,  inrtcad  of 
a  fpear,  he  had  a  kind  (/f  ratde  in  his  hand.  Having 
made  this  ceremonious  circuit  round  the  Ihip,  they  would 
come  along  fide,  and  then  begin  to  traffic  with  our 
[  eople.  Frequently,  indeed,  they  would  firfl:  enter- 
tain thein  with  a  long,  in  which  their  whole  company 
;.iir,e(l,  and  [ir  "diiccd  a  very  agreeable  harmony. 

When  the  Ihips  came  to  anchor  they  were  furrounded 
by  canoes  filled  with  the  inhabitants,  a  reciprocal  trade 
was  commenced,  anci  conduced  with  the  itrideft  har- 
m  my  and  integrity  on  both  fides.  Their  articles  of 
c  )mmcrce  were  the  fl<ins  of  various  animals,  fucli  as 
be.irs,  fea-otters,  wolves,  foxe.s,  deer,  racoons,  mar- 
tins, and  pole-cats.  Ihey  all!)  produced  garments 
made  of  fkins ;  and  another  kind  of  cloathing,  fabrica- 
ted from  the  bark  of  a  tree,  or  a  plant  refcmbling  hemp. 
Befides  thefe  articles,  they  had  bows,  arrows,  fpears, 
fifti  hooks,  varii)us  kinds  of  inftruments,  wooden  vizors 
reprefcnting  horrid  figures,  a  fort  of  woollen  ftiifF, 
carved  work,  beads,  an  I  red  ochre;  alio  fcveral  little 
ornamtnrs  of  tliin  brafs  and  iron,  refcmbling  a  horfe- 
fhne,  which  they  wore  pendant  at  their  nofes.  They 
had  likewife  fcveral  pi;ces  of  iron  fixed  to  handles, 
ioniewl  "  refcmbling  chifTels.  From  their  being  in  pof- 
Lilioii  oi'thei;-  metals,  it  wis  natural  for  our  people  to 
infer,  rh  li  tiicy  muft  either  have  been  vilited  betore  by 
peopi-  of  fome  civilized  nation,  or  had  connexions 
witn  thofe  on  their  own  continent,  who  had  fome  com- 
munication with  them. 

l]i:t  the  molt  extraordinary  ar-'cles  which  they  of- 
fered to  fale  were  human  ikull.  ai!  1  hands,  with  feme 
ol  the  llelVi  reinainiug  on  them,  which  they  acknow- 
ledged they  had  been  feeding  on;  and  fome  of  them, 
indeed,  bore  evident  marks  of  their  having  been  upon 
the  fire.  From  this  ciicumllance  it  wai  but  too  ap- 
p.'.rtnt,  that  the  horrid  cuftom  of  devo  ing  rheir  ene- 
mies is  pradtiled  here  as  much  as  at  New-Zealand,  and 
other  Sou^i  Sea  illands.  There  is  too  nuch  reafon, 
from  thiir  bringing  to  fale  human  (kuUs  and  bones,  to 
inier,  that  they  treat  their  enemies  with  a  degree  of 
brutal  cruelty;  yet  this  circumflance  rather  marks  age- 
ncial  agreement  of  charadcr  with  that  of  almoll  every 
tube  of  uncivili;;ed  men,  in  every  age,  and  in  every 
l^art  of  the  globe.  For  the  various  ar'icle.s  they  brought, 
they  received  in  exchange,  knives,  chiflcls,  n.iils, 
looLing-^JalTcs  buttons,  pieces  Oi  iron  and  tin,  or  any 
kind  of  metal.  They  had  not  much  inclination  tor 
gl..ls  bculs,  and  reierted  every  kind  of  cloth. 

Such  of  the  natives  as  vifited  our  peo[)le  aaily,  were 
tiunioft;  beneficial  to  them;  for,  after  difpofing  of  their 
triHes,  they  tmpl  lyed  themlelvcs  in  filhing,  and  they 
always  peitook  ot  what  they  caught.  They  alio  pro- 
curd  (Lr  them  a  confiderable  quantity  of  good  ani- 
iii.d  oil,  wlai.il  they  brought  in  bladders.  Some,  in- 
tli  '  Httcii'ptcd  to  cheat,  by  mixing  water  with  the 
01';  ai  ..,  ..  -'"iCw,  they  f)  far  imputed  upon  them, 

a  to  rill  th.cir  bl-iddrr'  ■.  i.n  w.iter  only.  Hut  it  was 
f'trcr  to  wink  a"  ,!  ,1  iinjiofitions,  than  luficr  them  to 
I'.,..,  !t.e  a  iju.iiiil,  for  the  European  articles  of  tr.iHic 
1 !  i.  I'y  Ci  iililled  'if  tiillcs,  and  it  was  found  difficult  to 
li.  e  a  (onll.int  lii|  ply  even  of  theli.-.  Beads,  ami 
null  liive  toys,  of  whuh  Ionic  weie  remaining,  were 
ii'it  highly  cllimated.  Metal  was  principally  i  oiiuiiamled 
1  V  the  iiaiives  and  brals  had  now  iii])planted  iron,  be- 
ihi;  liiught  after  with  fiicli  cagernels,  that  before  the 
lliips  left  t!.e  found,  hardly  a  bit  of  it  was  t©  be  found 
in  them,  except  that  conllituted  a  part  of  the  ncccfliiry 
No.   ^4. 


inftruments.  .Suits  of  doatl.s  were  (tripped  of  their 
buttons,  bureaus  of  their  furniture,  kettles,  cannifters, 
and  candlcfticks;  zU  went  to  rack;  fo  that  they  pro- 
cured a  greater  variety  of  things  than  any  oiher  nation 
our  people  had  vifited. 

A  party  of  (trangers,  in  feven  or  eir^ht  canoes,  came 
into  the  cove,  and,  after  looking  at  the  firangcrs  for 
fome  time,  retired.  It  was  apprehended  th.it  their  old 
friends,  who,  at  this  time,  were  more  numerous  about 
the  fliips  than  the  new  vifitors,  would  not  fuffer  them 
to  have  any  dealings  with  our  people.  It  was  evident, 
indeed,  that  the  principal  nadvcj  engiofTcd  them  entire- 
ly to  themfelves;  and  that  they  carried  on  a  traffic  with 
more  diltant  tribes  in  thofe  articles  they  had  received; 
for  they  frequendy  difappeared  for  four  or  fivi-  days  to- 
gether, and  returned  with  frefh  cargoes  of  curiofities 
and  fkins,  which  our  people  were  fo  palfionately  fond 
of,  that  they  always  came  to  a  good  market.  Our 
people  were  convinced  of  this  on  many  other  occafions. 
Nay,  even  among  thofe  who  lived  in  the  found,  the 
weaker  were  often  obliged  to  fubmit  to  the  (tronger 
party,  and  were  plundered  of  .-very  thing,  without  even 
attempting  to  make  any  refilt;Lnce. 

S  E  C  T  1  O  N     11. 

Fifiti  from  ami  to  the  Nitivoi  uf  the  thfferrat  P arts  ^jJ the 
Sound,  and  Iii/Linca  of  thur  Civihl\.     Trentma:,.  re- 
ceived from  an  ivbofpUaLlrCbirf.  Cnoundlefi  Apprehcn- 
fiom  vj  an  Altack.      hrjariori^   Thrfti.     tlaimi  of  the 
Natives  for  the  Product  0/  the  Country. 

THE  natives  were  not  difcouraged,  by  fome  bad 
weather  that  happened,  from  making  our  people 
daily  vifits;  and,  in  their  fituarion,  fuch  vi fits  were  very 
acceptable.  They  frequently  brought  them  a  fupply  of 
fiili,  when  they  were  unable  to  catch  any  with  a  hook 
and  line;  and  they  had  not  a  convenient  place  to  draw 
I  net.  The  fidi  they  brought  were  fmall  cod,  and  a 
fmall  kind  of  bream,  or  fardine. 

The  officers  received  a  vilit,  in  the  evening,  from  a 
tribe  of  natives  not  feen  before,  and  w  ho,  in  gcncr-il, 
made  a  better  appearance  than  their  old  friends.  They 
were  conduced  into  the  cabbin,  but  there  was  not  an 
objeft  that  engaged  their  attention:  all  novelties  were 
looked  on  with  indifference,  except  by  a  very  few,  who 
fhewed  a  certain  degree  of  ciiriofity. 

When  the  moft  important  bufinefs  of  the  fliip  was 
finil'ied,  Captain  Cook  fet  our  to  t'urvey  the  found,  and 
going  firll  to  the  well  point,  he  difcovered  a  large  vil- 
lage, and,  before  it,  a  very  fntig  harbour,  with  from 
nine  to  four  fathom  water.  The  Ir..  Mjitants,  who  were 
numerous,  received  him  with  great  ccurtely,  every  one 
prefTing  him  to  enter  his  apirtment;  for  levcral  fami- 
lies have  habitations  under  the  fame  roof.  Ht  politely 
accepted  the  invitations ;  and  t!;c  hofpitable  friends 
whom  he  vifited  icltitied  every  mark  of  ci'ility  and 
relpcd. 

Captain  Cook,  proceeding  up  the  welt  fide  of  the 
foiintf,  for  near  three  '^mJcs,  law  fcvrral  lilands,  fo  fitua- 
ted  as  to  form  fome  cnnvenu'nt  harbours. 

Proceeding  fome  diltancc  t.irthcr  he  fcjiind  the  ruins  ofa 
village.  The  framings  of  the  houles  rcm.iincdftanding, 
but  the  boards  or  roofs  were  taken  aw.iy.  Behind  this 
delerted  village  was  a  fmall  plain,  covered  with  large 
[line  trees.  This  was,  indeed,  lingular,  as  molt  of 
the  elevated  ground  on  this  fide  of  the  found  appeared 
nitlier  naked. 

Oil  the  eall-fidc  of  the  found  the  Captain  found  what 
he  had  befiiie  imagined,  that  it  was  an  ifiand  ur,  't r 
which  the  llii|)s  lay,  and  that  many  fnialler  ones  L'y 
Icattereil  on  the  well  fide  of  it.  llpon  the  p.uiin  l.uid, 
oppofite  the  north  end  of  the  illaiui,  he  oblerved  a  vil- 
l.ige,  and  l.intled  there;  but  he  was  not  fo  politely  re- 
ceived by  the  inhabitants,  as  by  thole  of  the  other  vil- 
lage he  had  vifited.  This  cold  reception  was  occaQoncd 
by  one  furly  chief,  who  would  not  llifler  the  Capteit)  to 
enter  their  houles,  but  followed  him  wherever  he  went, 


^:| 


ill    11 


6  ^ 


making 


'II 


fl 


it 


!'t*t 


nit 


A  NTAV,  ROYAT,,  anp 


47S 

iiLikii-u  cxnicfl'ivi- fiiiij  th.u  Ik'  w.is  iiiijKiriciU  tor  hiai 
to  bc"j,.);u-.  'Vlw  Ciptaiii  .uttiiiptc.l,  b;it  in  vain,  to 
fjotli  ln;n  \\i:li  pivfuitsi  for  tiiD'igh  In- iIkI  not  ivtiilc 
them,  lie  c  iiitiiuiovl  iiie  lame  kini.1  i^i  l>.li.ivu)vir.  _  Hut 
notttitlirt.iiiJinj^  this  treatnu-nc  from  i!ie  inholpiiable 
chiet,  liir.v'  of  the  youn;;  women  eXjU^'iti'mlly  .ipji.i- 
r.'lled  theiiifelvcs  iiuheir  hell,  allemWeilin  a  body,  and 
gaveiiim  ;i  hearty  wek-oine  to  the  \illaij;e,  bv  joiiiinti;  m 
an  agree.i'ile  fong.  Iv.'eiiinp  ni>w  drauiiifj;  on,  the 
Ca[>tain  priKocded  for  tlie  mips  riv.iii.i  the  noiih  end  ul 
tiie  ni.;n.i.  When  he  rctiirjied  oi\  ih)ard,  he  was  in- 
formed chat,  in  his  ablence,  I'ome  llra:iL;eis,  in  tivo  or 
three  large  eanoes,  had  made  a  vilit  to  the  ll'.ips,  (rom 
wiioni  i^'if  people  underftuod  by  li^ns,  that  they  had 
come  i'luni  the  fouth-eall.  They  brouglit  wi:h  them 
levcral  t:ari;v.ius,  Ikin-,  and  cthn  artieles,  whieli  ti.ev 
b.irttred  t.'r  loiue  of  ours.  But  tiie  moll  ri-marlvable 
circuinilaiue  was,  that  two  filver  table -fp.'ons  were 
purchakd  "t'  tiiem  by  our  people,  whieh  appeared  to 
be  of  Spanilli  manuadure.  I'hcy  win-  worn  r.nind  the 
neck  of  one  ol'tlitfe  vificors  by  way  of  <,rnamei!r. 

The  day  fMl  wing  a  party  of  tiie  native:,  fr  -m  tlie 
f)utliward  advanced  towards  the  fliips,  ail  Handing  up 
in  their  canoes,  aiid  bes^an  to  fing.  Some  o!  tluir  loiu'-. 
were  IIt"'  and  li  leiiui,  ,inA  in  whieh  tluv  «erc  joitud 
by  the  v.lv>le  b>>dy:  others  vsere  in  i]ui.ker  time,  and 
their  nntcs  were  regularly  aeeomijaiied  by  the  iiiotions 
of  their  iiaiids  their  p.Kklles  beati.ig  in  coneert  on  the 
li-les  of  the  eanoes  j  and  they,  at  die  fmie  rime,  e:;!u- 
liitej  the  molt  expreliive  giftures.  fl'.ty  riin.iined 
iiknr,  for  a  lov  f  eor.ds  after  the  eiinil  I'..'.!  ••;  euh 
long,  and  then  be^an  a^^ain,  lrein:ently  pion  .nicini' 
tl'.e  word  Ars,'  Uo  a  kind  of  i-ivjrn.i. 

I  lavin^:;  'i.us  favoijred  our  people  with,  a  ipe  iinen  ot 
their  Inuiie,  widi  v.hi  h  rhey  wcie  higlily  tiuerrained 
fa-  li.''t'  an  luiur,  i!iev  uime  learer  the  diips,  and  bar- 
tcrer  with  tlieui.  T-.y  e,ow  [vieeind  tli.i  fome  of 
their  old  friends  fio;n  li:e  fouad  were  a;n,;iii;  them, 
who  mana|_',e'.i  lor  the  iir.'.i.j.  r^  in  the  tra'lic  eairiid  on 
between  them  and  i)i:r  p-.ople. 

Soon  atter  our  people  haii  oecafiun  f)i-  a  very  lerious 
.liarm.  The  |;ar!y  who  \\ere  eui|)loyed  eai  lliore,  in  cut- 
ting wood  .ind  liihnj.',  water,  obfer\ed  that  the  iy:!:ives, 
i:i  all  quaiter.-,  were  .ir.niiij^  tliemleives  in  me  IjlII  man 
ncr  they  Were  able;  aul  that  thole  who  h.id  not  [  ro- 
j  er  weapons,  were  Ciiiledin!;  Ilieks  and  (tones,  f  learing 
tliis,  they  thought  it  neceljary  to  arm  alii),  but  refdved 
t  1  a:t  upon  the  deieufive  iniv.  Ciiptain  Cvok  ordered 
.dl  the  W()rkmen  to  repair  t  >  the  rock  on  wiiii!,  riieob- 
tervaturies  had  been  pkiccJ,  leavini^  the  Uipjiolct!  ene- 
i.iy  in  polleiFion  of  tiie  [^;Miind  wr.cre  they  had  alT^  ui- 
h'ed,  whieh  wa.-,  wiihin  abn'  '03  yards  of  thi  i^cfdu- 
ti.Mi's  llcrn.  Tiie  danger,  riowever,  was  only  iiiuj^i- 
n...-y;  lor  tiule  liollile  ;  rei..-,;-,;tions  w\re  dirccled  ag.iinil 
.1  bidy  of  their  own  countrymen,  win  were  advancing 
to  iictack  them;-  and  wlitn  t'lev  j  i-rceivetl  the  apprehen- 
lio.is  of  our  people,  thev  e:;eivd  tlieir  bell  endeaviurs 
to  convir.ce  them  that  t:iis  \..■,^  reallv  rhe  cali'.  People 
wer:-  c'bferved  lookiiii'  (Kit  on  both  fides  ol  ti.e  c.ve, 
atid  canoes  were  frc4uentl,-  viifpatehed  between  .them 
■m\  the  m.iin  b;dy.  The  ad^erfe  party,  on  b.i.nd 
a',,).it  A  d,..-.ea  l.;iye  c.moes,  at  lenL'th  drew  up  in  line 
01  battle,  oil' the  fjutii  point  of  the  cove,  a  nei_'oelaiion 
'er  the  relloraii'Mi  of  \\.u\:  having  bem  Luiunieneed. 
Ii' /"iiductin;^  the  treaty,  IocmI'  j^rople  in  c.iii„es 
palled  between  the  two  p.irties,  .i.ul  .Imie  d.ei)  ues  en- 
lui .'.  .'Vt  le;.  ■•  I  the  niauer  in  (liijiULc  aji|icared  to  be 
a  liiifledj  b'li  ;  ,e  r,  111'  MS  Were  u'it  prrnv.lied  to  ap- 
I  r-i.i.li  tfie  1:1  :,,  iji  lo  |),i,-t  ,:.iy  inie.'-eauric  or  de.ihr,",s 
,wi;'i  our  fieo;  ie. 

li.ir   I  cope:    Were,  no    d  lulit,  the   occafion    of  the 
.';:s,  iiiiillmg  on  h.ivin';  ,1 

•t.lges  of  a  trade  wir'i  t  ,e;ii, 
'  0  cni>rufs  i!  en 


ArniF.NVlC  .sYi-TrM  Ok   IjN'lVI.k.v-iI.  r.l  Ot;kA;'i!':'. 


.Le,) 


iiniii.l,   t,ie   Livnjier',  p 
:.'l^'.;  ',i'lh.ien,'  ir,  t!.    .,.ji 
afi  I  il'-ir  uilL  !r!.:nd-  i-  ,  ,:v 
U,  :!.:;. .;lhe.. 

j  '.^:  ■;''"';  "•'  i  I  iskci.Jid  •'..:  '.<M-  pe  ipl  •  meant 
•■  .le  irn.le,  iheH'  .\.u  ^  u  ^re  n  ,.',  r..uio',edi  I  ir  th.y 
''■  'i:  ,  ed  ua  b  ;.,i.i  the  lliipj,  ,uul  luricj  witli  die;n  w/ii 
'  ■■    ■'.»   X  /ued  ,1.1  ,i.,d  1 ;i  ■:!>,-, 


t)'.:r  people  fji.'ii.',  aller  a  llrr:  ii.terc.n.i.e  v.ii!;  :l.i: 
naiues,  that  they  were  as  mueli  addiilUd  to  ihilt  as 
any  they  li.id  met  wit'i  duiini;  the  voyaj.'.e;  a;.>l  having 
liiai-p  iii'liu'iienrs  in  their  iirdtiruin,  tliey  eoultl  ealiiy 
cut  a  liojk  from  a  t..ekle,  or  a  |  ine  ol  iron  from  a  rope. 
Hifides  cih.er  ankle-,  tlicy  kat  le\-<i.d  h -oi.s  in  tl;is 
manner,  one  of  whieli  weiidieii  between  twenty  an.l 
thirty  pound>.  'li-.ey  Ihijiped  the  boats  ot  all  ih.e  iron 
that  was  wnih  takinj;  away,  though  foine  of  the  crew 
Were  alwa)'..  leit  in  llieill  as  a  guard.  'I'hev  were,  in- 
deed, lo  de\troi!b  in  ellecting  th(  ir  pnrpoles,  tliat  one 
feilow  WO!  Id  eoniii\e  to  amnfe  our  [  eople  at  iMie  n.,1 
of'  the  lio..r,  wiiile  another  was  f  Mcii';;  oli'  the  imn-work 
at  the  o;iK  r.  If  anv  article  that  lia  !  been  dole  n  was  iiii- 
medkireiy  mid'ed,  tiie  iluef  was  calily  detei'ted,  as  tiny 
were  fond  of  inipeacliing  each  otiur.  U.tt  the  pri.;e 
w.'s  alw.;ys  reU.eiantly  given  up  by  the  g'liity  perfonj 
and  lome'.uiies  cenipuifive  11U..11S  wee  ul>iig.-d  ro  In: 
exercil'evi  liir  tiiat  p'i:p  f?. 

I'iiefe  vifitors  beiu,;  gone,  the  C".'.pt.-.ins  Cook  and 
Cl(  ik  went  with  two  Ijoats  to  the  villa^je  at  tlie  weit 
pent,  where  Captain  Ccok  had  been  two  day-.  Ix-toif, 
and  had  oblerved  that  plenty  of  (^rafs  was  to  be  liaj 
ne.ir  it;  and  it  was  tieeeliaiy  ro  get  a  li'pply  oi  tlii.^  ti-r 
tl;e  iL-.v  remaining  ;"<.its  and  lir  e|j  w;;ii  ii  a:e  Itill  (,ii 
board.  1  hey  experienced  the  lame  welcome  receprion 
t'^at  liie  Captain  '.ivl  iret  with  b;!<;rei  aiuldiMi  aUu' 
ihey  were  illiore,  C.i'ftiun  Ciik  ordued  ikine  of  hii 
jie  pie  to  b' -in  i  u:t:n;r,  not  imagining  that  the  ii.ilives 
WD'iUi  eiiJ!  ^a.  t)  tl'.eir  turnilliing  ilieinlelv;s  w:t!iw'.:t: 
ceiiii'  n-'i  be  of  anv  ui'e  to  tir.m,  thoi.'gh  e:!'en:r.il,-  ii.- 
celiary  li-.r  the  l-.uropean;.  In  this,  liov.eiej-,  l;e  w.is 
niii'iaken;  fir  as  loi::i  as  the  nun  began  gu::iii^  v.,c 
grals,  lome  of  the  inhabitants  would  not  perinic  them 
to  proceed,  faying,  "  I'.'./kv/i,"  whicii  f;g:ii  ;ed  :ii  it 
thi)  mnll  buy  ir  fnll.  'liie  Captain,  at  tins  time,  was 
in  one  ol  the  houi'es,  but,  hearing  ot  tiii-,  he  repaired 
immediately  to  the  !iel,;,  wicre  he  foui,  I  ab  nit  a  dij/.uj 
claimants  of  uit'ennt  paits  of  the  gials  tli.U  gic.v  on 
tl'.e  rre;ni,e-.  i  le  tie.ued  with  tiiem  ii.r  it,  and  having 
I' inij  i.ed  widi  tiie  terns  ot  his  puiellale,  tlioi.i!;lic  his 
nieii  had  now  mil  liDeriy  to  cut  wliatever  tiiey  pieafed. 
I  Fete  he  was  ag.iin  aiiltakeii;  for  he  had  li)  iiiieraliy  paid 
the  lirll  preten.:ed  proj  .let  ir;,  tliic  frt  lli  demands  were 
made  fibin  oiher.s;  fo  th.it  it  aimofl  appeareil  tiia:  every 
(Irgle  blade  ol  graii  had  a  fejiaraie  owner;  and  lb  many 
of  dicni  were  to  be  faiiifled,  that  his  poLkets  prelend/ 
became  empty.  When  tliey  were,  liowcier,  c;;nvin;  •  1 
tl'.at  lie  had  nothing  n.orc  to  gi.e,  thtv  ce.uij  tc  Ur 
iiii|>ortuiiate,  and  die  men  were  permitted  to'  cut  where 
ti'.ev  plealt-d,  AU'X  as  muci;  as  they  pieafed. 

Ci'pta.n  r>;(i  !ii)lcrv(  J,  that  he  never  met  with  .inv 
uncivnized  n..tl  11,  or  tribe,  who  poireli(.d  ilich  ;!i:,"L 
notions  of  their  having  an  e\  lufive  property  in  the  u,-o- 
duce  cf  their  conntiy,  "■■>  ti.e,  inhabitants  of  this  1  .1,:,  !. 
They  f.eii  wanr.'J  our  [leoplc  to  pay  ikr  the  wood  and 
w.itei   ih.it   wa'.  earned  In  board.     M.rd  the  Captari 


been  pieunc  when  liu  f.  d.nian.is  were 


11a, 


he  Would 


doiibdeli  have  complied  w id)  them;  but  liic  w^-ikiiic:. 
thought  dilTeren'!;. ,  M\\}i  paid  litde  tr  no  ,.tu  ntion  1  t 
hn  h  (laims.      The  iiati\e>,  diinking,  tliey  wrie  lirier- 

to  apply. 


mined  to  pay  noih;i:rr,  at  It  ngtii  eei.led  to  apply.  15u: 
tiiey  liequently  took  oicalion  to  remind  them,  t'li.'.t  diey 
h.id  giseii  the  wood  and  w.n.  \  out  (tirieiidd.ip. 

s  i;  c  f  r  o  N    III. 

c.ihl   ^;. /'■;.■  ..<   Ii:jlit.:tiiii.j   ,.J    (,',,     A..;.?,.      i\r,..,.i 
"/  !':'i<:L,l..i.!s. 

''j^llf.  natives  of  ilik  faml  are  low  in  I' tture,  but 

JL  I'l'lr  pei:  I's  ate  r,o!  I  •  .pciii-inabli'  ll.  ,du ,  be 
ii.,,  ■  :'"l|y  pietiv  1  !•■  up,  1'.  1,  iM  MO!  m-iici.l.u-.  \'h-  '.. 
lol:  t'e.kineis,  Ivueen,  ii.ei,.  never  to  Iwell  into  eet- 
I'l;:.!..-.  1  and  e.i.tnv  .  f  ;:.•  ,.,  •;•  jeo;!e  are  very  lean. 
M'll  ..f  tliciu  h,ive  10:11  I  Uih  Mi'.:  .  c  ,  whuh  are  fotui-- 
times    bioad,  v.i  n    hVji   [rn.  .n.;..i   eju-iks.     ASiac 

Ihel; 


H 


■~^f-jsiy^ 


./ 


-'- 


n 


«r'-' 


.UAi'ii' 


tercoti;  .I-  v.'ita  tl.c 

idlll    to    tlulC    .IS 

)y;ij.'c;  a:. J  having 

,  i!u-y  Cdiiiil  laliiy 

)l  iron  rnuu  a  ronf. 

i.il   li 'oi.h   in  this 

twcen  twenty  aiiil 

lats  ot  all  tiic  iron 

|(".nc  I'l  tlie  crtw 

I'lu'v  wtic,  iii- 

)'ir[)iilt;.s,  tliat  one 

coj'lc  at  iMic  tiiil 

.',  oil  thi-  irnii  woriv 

Ixtn  llol;  II  wasim- 

liiTci'tcvl,  as  tlirv 

r.     lj.;t  i!n-  yy\zc 

tiic  p'liiiy  [irrloiii 

i';c  ij!'!iij-il   to   hi: 

r.iprains  Cook  anil 
•illa^;!.-  at  tlic  \\c;l 
I  t\s;)  ilaVM  Ixloic, 
ili  V..15  t.i  lif  ii.iJ 
I  li'i;  ly  ot  tlii»  lor 
wliiiii  a:c  Itill  (,i\ 
wtlcoine  ivci'prion 
;rf;  am!  li  on  alter 
liicJ  luiiif  of  \:\i 
11/  tli.it  tile  natives 
inlflv.s  «:t:i  w'.  -.c 
jiigh  e!lL-nii,.il.-  n.-- 

ilOV.Ctl,    li'.;    \i4s 

ii.-!;an  g'i:;i.ij  tao 
i  not  pcniiit  ilu-in 
licil  lit^:ii  ;al  rh.lt 
It  tlii5  liiiir,  was 
t  tlii.-,  I'.e  rep.'.irctl 
mt.il  all  nit  a  ^'.o/xn 
r,;ali  tl-..:t  ^'ii-.v  on 
1  ii.r  it,  and  having 
rchali',  thoi.i^iit  his 
it'.-vc r  thiy  piiMlI'il. 
hu-l  lo  iibfraliy  paid 
trt  Ih  licnMniih  wrre 
H'l'iMiccl  t!i.u  every 
wncrj  an.!  lb  many 
>  poJ.cts  prcliiirl;/ 
jv.CMT,  C(::n-inr',l 

li.ty  n .■.lid  til  be 
nitteii  to'  cut  wIktc 
eafeJ. 

vcr  n-iit  with  nnv 
oli'-'.ii-ii  ilith  ilii.'L 
nojitrty inthe  pro- 
tants  oi' this  |..t.;,.l. 
,'  It  the  wood  aii.l 

I  l.ui  ill.'  Captain 
e  in.ul-,  lie  woul.l 
hilt  liie  V. c'lLiiaa 
cr  no  .tiu  ntioii  1  > 
'-,  th.ey  weif  tkur- 
'-•'I  to  ajp!;.'.  Hut 
iiJ  thdii,  t!i.,t  ti'A/ 
/>i'ieiKl;hi[i. 

111. 


A...'    it: 

A;i,,.,-. , 

low  in  1 

it'ire,  [)iit 

inihly  1! 

■     ul>l,     \u- 

iir.iicnl 

ir.      rii- i. 

to  l»\c! 

1  into  L'.r- 

>;!e  are 

vfry  !.  .111. 

,  whii  I 

are  liiiiif- 

dud. 

b,     Al))\e 

t:.ti..- 

(  /y /,//',  ^yr/\y\\KV.s's.    l/r.  ///.>/r/// ,'/  {\v A)  ('AXXVWX'  //'//• /f.'/zo/ />//  ^i\'//rr/.    /////f,'/y/y. 


-    -■? 


/^^/y/////vA/ ///  XooTKASorxi),   \r////-  ///,>■/ ^a  : 


'  ^/u    INSIDlw^   .-'  IlAniTATION   ///  ' 


<  I'/Zi'if '  '(•// f/ii 


New  Discoveries. 


\l 


\ 


m 


\ 


tilde   the  ficc  CnK]V.t 

l)ctw(.\'n  till-  tcni[il''s 

wide  nollrils,  .uiJ  a 

low;    till-    eyes    r.ii 

mouth  round,  the  h| 

wtll  I'cr,  but  iiirt  re  1 1 

Many  ot'  the  mci 

only  . I  tiiuill  thill  one 

does  nut  arile  iVo:!! 

part,  btit  lioin  ilieii 

thofe  who  do  n  it  i: 

beards  on  every  pai 

nuillachias,  running 

jaw  obliquely  dowi 

Icanty  ant!   narrow; 

on  the  head,  wh.iel 

Their  necks  are  lh>i 

fv,  hivmg  nothiiig 

111  ition.    The  lini'.ii, 

li  111  to  the  otlier  | 

ill  tiirmrj,  haviUj] 

which  are  ankward 

to  be  oecafioncd,  ii 

coiuiiuiaily  on  their 

'1  heir    eolour   ij 

bodies  being  encrcl 

when  tiie  paiiii  as 

was   little  inferior 

peans,  but  of  that 

inhabitants  of  our 

v.'lun  young,  ip[K', 

to  the  generality  ot 

iiig  attended  with 

alter  a  certain  aj:;e, 

,1  uTiarkablc  lamer 

dulnefs  and  want  oi 

in  every  vifage.      1 

!a;ne  'i/.e,  colour, 

calV  to  ilillinf,iiilh  t 

niinine  deliiacies. 

found,  even   ani'sn 

who  had  the  ieall 

The  ordinary  dr 

iiiaiule,  ornanuntei 

iriper    edge,  and  fi 

iiiidir  the  left  arn 

leaving  both  arms  | 

i..  la.aned  rouml  tli 

iVv'er  tiiis   is   wiirn 

reathin;^;  to  the  wai 

wc.u'  a  ca[i  like  a  ti 

ot  a  veiy  line  matt 

or  a  bunch  ot  lea 

under  tlie  chin,  to 

1  he  above  dreti 

nun  often  wear,  o 

fonie    animal,  as 

hair  out" aids:  loi 

limes  behind,  like 

about  their  IliouKl 

'  wiHiilen  ^'.irmeiits, 

ii-raily  wear  dieir  1 

who  have  not  a  i 

(  :  iwn  <if  the  head, 

'riu-T   diets    is 

ke;-r  clean,  wouU! 

continuaHy  iubbin| 

mixed  with    oil,  I 

untraft  a  rancid, 

tliefe  people  is  bi,i 

and  garments  I'wai 

every  idea  of  cleai 

them  pick  them  o 

jiofurc. 

I'hcir  bodies,  i 
vercd  with  red  y 
with  a  vaiivty  ot 
a  wliiie  colour, 
hunible  ap;.earanc 


Ntw  Discoveries.] 


NORTH       A  M  F  fl  I  C  A. 


479 


tlicl'e  the  Tice  Tk  q;!i-iiily  appears  rillcii  in  quit'-  acrofs 
bctvvci'ii  till-  tciiipl'-s.  I'lic  iiulf  iLuLins  Jt  ich  b.ili-,  iu.s 
wiilc  nollrils,  atiJ  a  roiwulnl  jjoiiit.  lii-  forclir.id  is 
low;  till-  eyes  f.iiili,  hlaik,  .iiul  i.ui(^  liiliiiui, ;  tin- 
tiioiitli  round,  tlic  lips  iliick,  a.-id  tin*  teeth  rci^ulai'  and 
well  I'tT,  but  nirt  rc-iiiarlvablc  (or  tlirir  whiicnelb. 

Many  of  the  men  have  no  beards  at  all,  and  others 
only  a  laull  thin  one  upm  the  point  of  the  chin.  This 
liots  not  arile  tVoni  .in  original  ilciiciency  nt' hair  nn  that 
part,  but  from  their  plucAint^  it  out  by  ilie  roots;  (iir 
tholV  who  do  n  It  ileilroy  it  have  not  oiily  confivlerabie 
beards  on  every  part  ot  the  chin,  but  alio  whilker-^,  or 
imiltachias,  nuinini^  Ironi  the  upper  lip  to  the  lower 
jaw  obliquely  downwards.  Their  eye-brows  are  alfo 
I'canty  and  narrow;  but  they  liave  abundance  of  hair 
on  the  head,  wh.ich  ii  Itrong,  blaek,  llrait,  and  lank. 
Their  necks  are  Ihirt;  and  dieir  .inns  .ue  rather  cliim- 
fy,  hiving  nothing  ot  beauty  or  elegance  in  their  fijr- 
in.ition.  I'lie  linil).,  in  all  ol  them,  are  I'm  ill  in  j.iop.'jr- 
tion  to  the  oth.er  p.itts;  bi'liiles  tlv-V  are  crooked  ;uh1 
illt"ormrJ,  havuij  proje-'^ting  anrks,  and  large  feet, 
which  are  ankwanlly  lliaped.  'l\v:  latter  defect  feeins 
to  be  occafioned,  in  a  threat  meafure,  by  their  fitting  fo 
continually  on  their  hams  or  knets. 

'1  heir  colour  ( .innot  pr.'.|)erly  be  afccrtained,  their 
boilies  beins^  encr^ilied  with  paint  and  naliinefs;  thoiigii 
when  tile  paint  as  been  carefully  rni)bcd  olT,  the  fkin 
was  little  inferior  in  whitenefs,  to  t!ut  of  the  Kuio- 
pcan.";,  but  of  that  pali:li  call  winch  diltinguilhe.s  the 
inhabitants  of  our  louthern  nations.  Some  of  them, 
v^hen  young,  appear  rather  agreeable,  when  comp.-.red 
to  the  generality  of  the  [leojilc;  that  period  of  life  be- 
ing atteniied  with  a  peculiar  degree  ol  .inimation;  but, 
alter  a  certain  a;^e,  tiie  dilHniftion  is  liaruly  obfervable; 
aiciiarkable  lamenefs  charade rizes  every  countenance, 
dnlnels  and  want  of  e.\[irenion  being  vilibly  pourirayed 
in  every  vifage.  'I'he  women,  in  general,  arc  of  the 
lame  'i/.e,  colour,  and  form,  with  the,  men;  nor  is  it 
caly  to  dillinguilh  tliein,  as  they  polfels  no  natural  fe- 
minine deliiaeies.  Nor  was  there  a  fingle  one  to  be 
found,  even  ani')ng  thole  who  v.ere  in  their  prime, 
wlio  h.ul  the  lealt  preteiiGms  to  beuitv  or  comlineli. 

I'he  ordinary  drcfs  of  both  I'excs  i->  a  liixcn  kind  of 
mantle,  ornair.mtcd  with  a  narrow  Itrqie  of  fur  on  th.e 
upper  edge,  and  frini;es  on  the  lowtr  edge.  I'afling 
under  the  left  arm,  it  is  tied  over  tiic  right  (lioiilder, 
leaving  both  arms  peri'eclly  free.  Sonn  times  the  mantle 
i..  la.uned  round  the  wailt  by  a  girdle  ofcoarfe  ni.itting. 
l)ver  tiiis  is  worn  a  fmall  cloak  of  the  fame  iubflance, 
rcainini_;to  the  wailt,  alfo  fringed  at  the  bottom.  Tluy 
wear  a  c.ip  like  a  truncated  cijiic,  laa  ilovver  (lot,  made 
of  a  veiy  tine  matting,  ornamented  vviih  a  round  knob, 
or  a  bunch  ot  leaihern  talliils,  ii.iving  a  tiring  palFing 
iind',-r  the  chin,  to  pi  event  its  Idowing  ofY. 

ilie  above  ilrels  is  common  to  both  lexes;  and  the 
men  often  wear,  over  the  ir  other  garn'.ents,  the  (kin  of 
(oiiie  animal,  as  a  bear,  wolf",  or  lea-otter,  with  the 
hair  outwards:  lunietimes  tying  it  belore,  and  l()me- 
times  behind,  like  a  doak.  Thev  tiirow  a  coaile  mat 
about  their  Iboulders  in  rainy  vvea  her;  and  they  have 
'  wooiUn  g.irir.ents,  whicli  are  but  little  u!ed.  'I'licyge- 
ii.r.iily  we.ir  their  hair  li.uiging  loolely  down  ;  but  thole 
who  have  not  a  tap  tie  it  in  a  kiml  of  bunch  on  the 
crown  of  the  head. 

Tlu'T  liiels  is  ceit.iialy  convenienr,  and,  were  it 
ke;'f  clean,  would  not  be  inelegant;  but  as  they  are 
((vitinuaHy  nibbing  tluir  bodies  o\'er  with  a  red  paint, 
mixed  with  oil,  ti.eir  garme.'its  Lecome  gre.ily,  ami 
i.jiitrad  a  rancid,  oti'enlive  liiiell.  The  ..|  pearance  of 
tliefe  people  is  bi.th  wreti  hed  and  lihliV,  an.l  their  he.uls 
and  garments  I'warm  with  vermin.  So  loll  .ue  tli' y  to 
every  i.iea  of  cleanlineli,  that  our  people  t're(|uently  law 
them  pick  them  oil" and  eat  them  with  the  greatetlcom- 
polure. 

Their  bodies,  it  has  been  obl'erveil,  arc  always  co- 
vereil  with  red  p.iint,  but  their  frees  arc  ornamriueil 
witli  a  vaiivty  of  c(j1oimh  a  black,  a  biighter  red,  rr 
a  wiiite  colour,  'I'hc  jall  ol  theli'  i^ives  tiicm  a  gliaUly 
horiiblc  appearance. 


Many  of  their  e.is  tro  perrir.ited  in  the  lobe,  wi-.^re 
they  make  a  l.uge  hoie,  and  two  finaller  ones  hi,i;hcr 
up  on  the  oilier  edi|e.  In  thele  holes  are  hung  bits  of 
bone,  quills  tallene.l  i.pon  a  leathern  thong,  thells, 
liunches  of  tifliils,  or  tliiii  pli.-ces  of  copper.  In  fomc 
ihc  J  j'f:vi  of  the  i-.jI'c  is  ull'o  perforated,  and  a  piece  ot 
curd  tlrawii  through  it. 

The  bracelets,  whieii  they  wear  about  tluir  wrills, 
aie  bunches  of  white  fiiigic  l)eatls,  or  iliongs  with  taf- 
l.il>,  or  a  broad  bl.ick  horr.y  Ihining  t'ubllance.  Hound 
their  alleles  tluy  fueiuently  wear  leathern  thongs,  or 
the  fine.vs  of  animal,,  curioiifly  twilled. 

I'hey  have  fome  drclies  that  are  ufed  only  on  cxtra- 
-nlinary  occ,>fi(;ns,  fuch  as  goi,,g  to  war,  and  exhibi- 
ing  themfelves  to  llrangers  i.'i  ceremonial  vifits. 
Aniongrt  tlul'e  a'e  tlie  Ikins  of  wolves  or  bears,  tied 
on  like  other  garments,  but  ed;;e;i  wit!)  broad  borders 
of  lur,  ingenioully  ornainentea  witii  various  iigurcs. 
Thele  are  oec.iionally  worn  I"  iiarately,  or  over  '.heir 
common  cioatl;ir.g.  The  moil  uiu.d  head-dref-,  on  tlicli; 
ocalions,  is  a  (juantiiy  of  witlie,  wrap.ped  about  the 
iiead,  with  large  featlicrs,  purticuUrly  thofe  of  ea-ilcs, 
lluck  in  it;  or  it  is  entirely  coverrd  with  linall  white 
feathers.  At  the  lime  time  the  face  is  varioiil]y  painted; 
the  ujiper  and  l!;W>r  pares  b.ing  of  (;p^iof;ie  colours, 
and  the  ilrokes  havin>^  t!ie  app.earance  i-f  trelli  gafr.es: 
or  it  is  belmeared  widi  a  kind  of  fat  or  tallow,  mixed 
with  paint,  lormcd  into  a  great  variety  of  figures,  lb:ne- 
wiiat  like  carveil  w.  ik. 

Sometimes  tlie  hair  is  feparated  into  fiiiall  parcels', 
antl  tied,  at  intervals,  with  thread;  and  others  tie  i: 
together  behind,  afer  tiie  I'".nj'/ilh  manner,  and  tlick. 
in  it  fime  branelics  of  tlie  a./jxf/ui  thy.-Jes.  Tf.us 
ctjuipptd,  they  h.i\J  a  truly  linage  and  ruiiculous  ap- 
pearance, which  i^  inueli  lieigh:rned  when  they  aiVume 
tneir  moi/ltrous  dei . nations.  1  iiefe  confut  of  great 
variety  of  v.ooden  iiialk'*,  applieil  to  the  face,  fore- 
la  ad,  or  upper  part  of  the  he..d.  Some  (-fth<re  vizors 
relemblc  human  ra^e-.,  having  hair,  beariis,  and  eye- 
brows; others  leprelmt  tiie  heads  of  birds,  and  many 
the  lie.ids  of  aiiiniaib  i  fuehasdeer,  wolves,  porpoifcs, 
and  (jiliers. 

'  Tlicfc  reprefent.uions  generally  exceed  the  natural 
fize,  and  they  are  ire.jueiiiiy  lliewed  with  jiieces  of  the 
Jcluuicui  vucfy,  whieii  makes  tiuin  glitter,  and  aug- 
ments tin  ir  deiormity.  Sometimes  they  tix  large  pieces 
ot  caived  work  upon  the  heati,  p'r;  j.-tting  to  acontide- 
rable  ditlancc,  and  refembling  th.e  prow  of  a  canoe.  So 
nui^h  ^U  they  deligi-.t  in  thele  dil^-.uifes,  that,  for  want 
of  another  mafl^,  one  of  ihcm  wis  I'ecn  to  th.rull  hishead 
iiu )  a  tin-kettle,  wliich  he  had  brought  from  our 
()eo(de. 

\Miether  tl'.e:'e  extravi;:ant  mafqucrade  ornaments  rre 
yiiii>.\  on  any  religious  oceulion,  or  in  any  kiiul  ot  diver- 
lion,  or  whether  they  aie  calculateil  to  intimidate  by 
their  moi.llrous  apj  carancc,  or  as  decoys  when  jiunting 
anini.ds,  is  unceri,)in:  but  if  travellers,  in  an  ignorant 
ami  credulous  age,  w lien  rvre  than  marvellous  things 
were  fiippoleii  to  exiil,  had  f.en  leveial  people  decorated 
in  tliis  iiKinner,  and  had  not  ap[>rc'ae!;ed  lb  n'..'.r  them 
as  to  be  undeceivcil,  they  would  have  believed,  that  a 
race  of  being  exiluii,  partaking  ii  the  nature  o(  iiiati 
and  bealt. 

Among  the  peojile  of  NooiUi,  one  of  the  drefTes 
terms  particularly  adapted  to  war.  It  is  a  thick  tanned 
le.ithern  mantle  iloubled,  and  appears  to  be  the  tkin  ot 
an  elk  or  bulliilo.  'I'his  is  fjllccd  on  in  the  oidinary 
manner,  and  is  to  eontri.  e.t  as  to  cover  ii;c  beall  quite 
up  to  the  throat;  part  of  it,  ;i(  tlie  lame  time,  tailing 
down  to  their  lieelj.  This  garment  is  lomeiiines  very 
curioul'ly  painteil;  and  is  not  only  llrong  enough  to  re- 
lilt  arrows,  but,  as  our  jieojile  underlloetl  tiom  them, 
even  fpears  CTiinot  pierce  it;  lo  that  it  may  be  conddcr- 
ed  as  their  compleatetl  deteiilive  armour.  Sometimes 
they  wear  a  Icit  of  leatliern  cloak,  over  which  are  rows 
of  the  hools  I'f  deer  pl.iceil  hoii/.onr.illy,  and  covered 
with  i]uills,  which,  on  tluir  moviijj,  make  a  loud  rat- 
ling nolle. 

Tiioufli 


fiii 


48o        \  NEW,  ROYAL,  Avn  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  o?  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAPHY. 


fl 


!f 


I.-; 


Though  tlieff  people  cannot  be  vii'weJ  without  a 
kmii  oHiorriir,  when  tlwyare  thus  ftringrly  af  parrllcti, 
yer,  whc-n  liiveO.cd  of  tliefe  cx:rav,i-.int  ilrclirs,  and 
behind' in  their  common  habit,  theyh.\v'e  no  appearance 
oi't-ocity  in  their  countenances,  but  fceni  to  be  of  a 
quiet,   phlegmaiic   ililpofitionj  deticit-nt   in   animation 
u'ld  vivat  u) ,  ..)  r-i:Jcr  thenifi-lvcs  agrtcible  tO'  lotiety. 
I'hcv  arc   rathe;   uierved  tiian  loquacious j  bu'  tiitir 
gravity  lieifls  conuitutional,  and  ivt  to   arile  t'roiii   a 
convi.uon  of  its  propriety,  or  to  be  the  relult  ot  any 
partii-uiar  mode  i;:'<  .iucation;  for,  in  their  hii;helt  pa- 
roxylii^  of  rage,  they  have  not  heat  ot  language,  or 
figniticancy  oi' gcftures,  to  expreis  it  (ulliciendy.     They 
appear    to   be   docile,    courteous,   and   gocKl-naturrd ; 
but  th«y  are  quick  in  retvnting  injuries,  notwithllanding 
tiie   predominancy  of  their    phlegm;  and,  like   other 
patTionate  people,  as  quickly  forgetting  them,      Tiiefc 
tits  of  palFion  never  cxtendeil  farther  than  the  parties 
immediately  concerned ;  the  fpcdtators  never  entering 
into  the  merits  of  the  quarrel,  whether  it  was  with  any 
of  the  l'",uropeans,  or  among  their  own  people,  Ihe^ving 
as  much  indifference  a*  if  they  were  wholly  unacquaiiu- 
ed  with  t!ie  whole  tranladion.     It  was  common  to  fee 
one  of  them  rave  and  fcold,  while  all  his  agitation  did 
not  in  the  leaft  excite  the  attention  of  his  counir>nien, 
and  when  tlie  people  coukl  iM)t  difcover  tlie  objfol  it 
his  difjileafure.     They  never  betray  theleaft  fymptom 
of  timidity  upon  thele  occafions,  but  fcem   refolutely 
d:;terminei!  '■}  punilh  the  inlulter.     With  relpeift  to  our 
people,  iiu-v   wtre  under  no  ^  prehenfions  about  our 
luperioritv;  b-t  it  any  di.Tcreiice  arofe,  were  as  anxious 
to  avenge  the  wrong,  as  if  the  caufe  of  quarrel  ii.iii 
been  among  themlclves. 

Tlieir  other  pafiions  appear  to  lie  dormant,  clpe- 
cially  their  curiufi'y.  I"c\v  exprelfed  any  dcfne  or  in- 
clinatii-n  to  fee  or  examine  things  with  which  they  were 
unacquainted,  and  which,  to  a  curious  obfcrver,  would 
have  a;.,  eared  allonilhing.  If  they  could  procure  the 
articles  ihey  knew  and  wanted,  they  were  p«;rfe(5lly  fa- 
tisfied,  regarding  every  thing  elle  with  great  indilfer- 
ence.  Nor  did  the  perfons,  drefs,  and  behaviour  of 
th.e  l-'.nglilh,  (though  lo  very  different  from  tneir  own,) 
or  even  the  fize  and  conftruction  ot  their  lliips,  ieem  to 
command  admiration  or  attention. 

'1  heir  indolciue  may,  indeed,  be  a  principal  caufe  of 
tliis.  But  it  mull  be  adinittcd  that  tiiey  were  not  wholly 
unful'ceptible  of  the  tender  palTions,  which  is  evitlent 
from  their  being  font!  ot  mulic,  and  that  too  of  the  tru- 
ly pathetic  kind. 

l  heir  eagerncfs  to  pofTefs  iron,  brals,  or  any  kind  of 
metal,  w.is  lo  great,  that,  when  :in  opportunity  pre- 
lented  itlelt,  few  of  tlicm  could  refill  the  temptation  to 
(teal  it.  The  Natives  ot  the  S()uth  Sea  iflands,  as  ap- 
pears in  many  inllancf-,  woulJ  Ileal   any  thing  thev 


L'ld 


without  confiderint'  whether  it  was   uleful 


to  thci'i  or  not.  The  novi-lty  (it' the  objcCl  was  a  luf- 
ticient  inducement  for  them  to  get  iJoflilTion  of  it  by 
any  means.  Tltey  were  r.ither  ai'hiatctl  by  a  cliildilh 
curiofity,  than  by  a  thicv-.lh  dupclition.  '1  he  iiihabi 
tants  of  Nootka,  who  mpile  free  with  the  poperty  til 
our  people,  are  intideJ  to  no  liich  apology.  I'hc  ap- 
pellation of  thief  is  certainly  due  to  them;  iiir  they  knew 
that  wli'.t  they  pilfered  from  t!icni  might  be  converted 
to  t!ie  (,urpo!es  of  ]iri\ate  utility,  and,  according  to 
their  elHma.ion  of  things,  was  .eally  valuable.  Lucki- 
ly they  let  no  value  upon  any  European  articles  except 
the  metals.  Linei-,,  and  many  other  things,  were  fe- 
cure  from  their  deptedations,  and  might  laltly  be  left 
hanging  our  all  night  alhore,  without  being  watched, 
Tlie  principle  wliicli  prompted  tiicfe  people  to  pilfei, 
wotild  probably  operate  iii  their  intercourle  with  each 
mhwr.  There  was,  indci-d,  abundant  rcal'on  to  be 
lieve,  th;u  ilcaling  is  v<-ry  common  atnongll  them,  ami 
frequently  prodn'cd  (vi.uuls  ul  which  oi.i  |ieo|k'  law 
more  inflnnces  than  o\.c. 

The  you.iger  put  ct  liie  men  arc  llithi'ul,  being  gc- 
ner.dly  ilfing  about,  i.i  fiatiercd  (cmpanies,  balking 
liieni'.K'Cs  in  the  luit,  tj    w.illowin;-   ;n  [lie  la.nd  upon 


the  beach  like  fo  many  ho^a,  without  any  kind  of  co- 
vering. ThisdilVegardof  d.eccncy  was,  howrvcr,  con- 
fined Yolely  to  the  men.  The  \.onicn  were  always  de- 
cently cloathed.  and  behaved  with  great  propriety, 
iulHy  meriting  all  cominr ndation  (iir  a  riiodtll  balhful- 
ncis,  lo  becoming  their  tcx. 

Their  language  is  by  n.)  mcins  harfli  or  dilagrecaWe, 
farther  than  proceeds  from  thtir  ufing  tlic  k  ami  A  witiv 
more  force,  or  prrwouncing  thrni  with  lets  toftnefs, 
than  we  do;  and,  upon  the  whole,  it  alxKind^  rather 
with  what  we  rriuv  call  labi,!  .u.d  dental,  tlvui  with  gut- 
tual  fountls.  The  iimple  fi)iiiuls,  which  our  people 
have  not  heard  them  ule,  ami  which  conlcquently  may 
be  reckiMied  r.itc,  or  wanting  in  tluir  langiiagr,  arc 
thole  repn  fcntei!  by  the  letters  a,  d,  f,  g,  i,  and  v. 

Thtif  method  of  fpeaking  is  very  How  .uid  (liltind. 
Thekingiiage  has  tew  prepofttions  and  coniundtions,  and, 
as  fir  as  ( ould  be  ililcoveret',  is  dellitute  ot  even  a  fiii- 
gle  infcrjfdilion,  to  expreis  admiration  o;  lurprizc. 

With  refp'"ct  to  the  relation  or  affinity  the  language 
of  thclc  people  inav  bear  to  tliat  ot  any  others,  C.iptciin 
Cook  oblerves,  that,  from  the  fc»v  Me;;icati  words  lie 
had  been  able  to  procure,  there  was  an  obvious  agree- 
ment in  tiie  very  liequcnt  terminations  of  the  words  in 
I,  d,  and  z,  throughout  the  langu.ige. 

Their  orations,  which  are  made  either  when  en- 
gaged ii,  -nv  altercation  or  dilinite,  or  to  ex;dain  their 
fiiitinients  p.  .'  'v  on  other  ticcalions,  teem  little  more 
th.in  lliort  fente..i.'s,  or  rather  fiiigle  words,  fi)rcib!y 
repeated,  and  conliantly  in  one  tone  and  degree  of 
flrength,  ace  impanied  only  with  a  fingle  gefture;  wliicli 
they  ule  at  every  lentence,  jerking  ^their  whole  body  a 
little  forward,  by  bending  the  knees,  their  arms  hang- 
ing down  by  tiieir  IkIcs  at  the  time. 

With  refpect  to  the  political  and  religious  inflitutions 
of  the  inhabitants,  little  inlorni.'.tion  could  be  obtained. 
It  appeared,  howevir,  that  there  we:e  fuch  men  as 
chiefs,  diflingiiilhi  I  by  the  title  of  Ai-.i^erk,  to  whom 
the  others  are,  in  fnnc  degree,  fubordinate.  Hut  the 
authority  of  each  of  thcfe  greai  men  Icem.^  to  extend  no 
farther  than  to  his  own  family,  who  acknowledge  him 
as  the  ;r  hertd.  x\s  thev  were  not  all  elderly  men,  it  is 
pollible  this  title  miv  be  heredi'arv. 

No  opinion  couki  be  f()rined  of  their  rell;;Lon,  but 
from  what  they  called  A'/(w»>;/7.  'I'hele,  perhaps,  were 
idols :  but  as  the  w  ord  //  :;  ,'f ,'.■  was  frequmtiy  men- 
tioned wlu:i  fhty  Ipoke  ot  them,  we  may  liip[H;ti;  therr» 
to  be  the  imag.s  of  tome  of  tlic-i'  ancelhirs,  thotc  me- 
mories they  vcneiate. 

A  pretty  exael  computation  <^f  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants might  be  ixiade  fro;ii  the  canoes  that  vif'cd  tlie 
fhips  the  tecond  day  after  tluir  arrival.  Thty  confilled 
of  about  100,  whicli,  upon  an  average,  contained  at 
leaft  Hve  perfons  each.  But  as  the-e  wne  very  fcwj 
women,  old  men,  children  or  youths,  then  among 
them,  we  may  reaH)nably  fuppofe,  that  the  number  of 
the  inhabitants  could  not  be  Irfs  than  four  times  tiic 
number  of  the  vilitors,  being  2000  in  the  whole. 

S  ]■    t    r  I  O  N     VL 

Etiiph'ymni/^,  Miivn/iiilurei,  Carving,  A/. ;;//»,;,  Cnn- 
t(»'-  Miijiial  Injtiumruh,  H  tapom,  Canucs,'  hiplr- 
vifiilifoi  tij/uni^  and  Hunting,  Tooh,  (3c. 

Tl  IF  chief  emplovment  of  the  men  was  fifliing  and 
killin;-  auiiii.ds  lor  the  fullenance  of  their  tarnilie., 
few  of  thtrni  being  teen  engaged  in  any  bufiiicf',  in  the 
houles.  The  women  wt-re  emjiloyed  in  manufacturing 
their  garments,  ami  curing  their  lardines,  which  they 
alfo  catry  Irom  the  canoes  to  their  houl(.s.  The  women 
alio  go  in  the  fmall  canoes,  to  gatlier  mufdes  and  other 
Ihell-filh.  They  are  as  dextrous  as  thr  ii.un  in  the  ma- 
n.igement  ot  thek  canoes;  and  when  th-ie  are  tten  in 
the  canoes  with  them,  they  are  p>aid  very  little  attenti.iii 
to  on  acc<junt  ol  tluir  fex,  none  of  tluni  ollcrin.'  to  le- 
heve  them  Irom  the  labour  of  the  |  a.!dk'.  No  do  they 
Ihcw  them  an\  paitiuiku  rclpta  on  oiher  ot  a'lons. 

Womrn 


New  Discovr.Rir, 

Women  were  em 
and  e'.ecute  1  tlxir 
New  Ze.dand.     C) 
dines,  large  ihailsi. 
fured  <:ut  to  feveri 
V'here  t  ley  perforii 
whicii  is  d  me  bv  f:i 
fnvill  r.>  Is  at  Hrlf, 
renii've.l  hii^her  ai. 
When  drie  I,  they  . 
bales  covered  with 
t!iey  are   wanted, 
They  alfo  •■iire  coil 
manner;   but  thefr 
They  difplay  ni 
and  mechanic  arts, 
pIc  fo  line  Itivatei 
engage  their  full 
thole  that  may  bed. 
The  fonuer  are  fal 
tree,  beat  into  a  1 
prepared  in  a  [jto; 
which  is  fallen,  d  t 
The  maiiutacttirci , 
machine,  knots  it 
an  inch  from  cm 
'liiough    it    cinii'i 
c  lie  and  tirm  as 
inv.jcivij.is  to  the 
pliable. 

Tii'-ir  woollen 
in  the  lame  manm 

Eearance  of  a  wove 
eing  wrought  in 
figures  that  arc  u. 
very  improii-ble  tiv 
duceludi  a  compit 
lianils. 

Tiiey  are  of  dilii 

ccarfeil  li>rt  ot  bl, 

to  our  rinell  I  Tt,  a 

The  w.ixil  of  whir 

produceil  bv  diiVert 

brown   Ivnx.      Th.i 

nearly  leU  inbles  01 

hair,  wlii(  h  alf  1  g 

mixed  with  ir,  tht- 

ent  when  wiouirhr. 

The  ornamental 

pnfed  with  great  ta 

colour,  being  ufual 

a   vellow;  the  lati 

brightncN,  the  bcf 

I'heir  foiulm-i^  I 

clcs    ctirrelpoiids 

U()on  th<  ir  g.irmen 

kind  of  fiee.:e  vvor 

upon  it;  but  the  it 

man  lace,  whi-  h  i: 

the   otlier    moultr 

even  upon  their  w< 

ral  detign  of  thcle 

of  the  objerts  they 

T'he  caiving  is 

dextftous  artill  wi 

delign.     The  f.un 

of  the  human  mall 

fdves  to  be  ingei 

the   greateff   exaii 

own  faces,  and  lin 

accuracy  and  neat: 

propenlity  to  woil 

riety  of  p.irticulars 

birds,  bealls,  lilli 

hold  utenfils,  wet 

abiMulance. 

Having  mentio 

arts,  I'uch  as  woi 

No  .14 


il 


Nl.W    DliiCOVFRIKS.] 


NORTH      A  M  F,  R  I  C  A. 


43  r 


locitll  baflif'ul- 


Women  were  iMipInyefl  in  makin,'i  dn  (Tcs  of  bark, 
and  f '.iTutf  I  tlicir  balim.'is  miuli  like  tlie  inhabitants  of 
New  /lilinj.  CJtlicrs  wi-re  eiiijiluvcl  in  opi'ninLi;  far- 
(linf;,  larj^f  iiioilsdf  which  wi-ic  Itcn  ('n  liinre,  ami  nica- 
I'urcd  (iiic  to  fevcral  pfojiir,  wii'i  carrial  tlu  in  home, 
where  tney  iifrfornn-i  the  operation  of  curing  them, 
whicii  is  d  inc  bv  f;ii)ke-dryinif.  Thiy  are  Ining  upon 
fmail  n>ls  at  Hrll,  about  n  foot  over  the  (ire,  and  then 
renii'Vt.l  hi  ;her  and  hij.4\rr,  to  make  room  l<)r  others. 
When  drie  I,  they  are  cloklv  packed  in  bai-s,  and  the 
bales  covered  wiih  mats,  'i'hus  they  ..re  preferved  till 
t!iey  are  wanted;  and  thev  are  not  unjilcdint  food. 
1  hev  alii)  "me  cod,  and  other  l,ir[';e  hlh,  i  1  the  fame 
manner;  b'lt  thcfe  are  f  iinetimes  dried  in  the  open  air. 
Tluy  difplay  more  inwnuity  in  their  mmntactiires 
and  meclianu'  .irrs,  thin  mirrlu  be  expertcvlfrom  .1 1'.-o- 
ple  lo  unc  Ituaieil.  I'hc  tl.ixen  and  woollen  g.nnients 
cnv^.ij^e  their  firfl  rare,  as  being  the  nioff  lu'teri  d  of 
thole  ihat  may  beclalli  d  under  the  head  of  maniiki'  line,. 
'i'lie  former  are  fahucattd  liom  the  bark  of  the  piiie- 
trcc,  beat  into  a  m  ds  reli-mbling  ht  mp.  After  btirio; 
prepared  in  a  pro['Pr  manner,  it  is  fpread  upon  a  Hick, 
which  is  falleiic  d  to  two  others  in  an  creel  pofition. 
The  manulachirer,  who  fits  oii  her  hams  at  this  finiplc 
nwliine,  knots  it  acrols  at  the  dilkince  of  about  li.df 
an  inch  from  e,uh  other,  v. ith  fmail  plaited  thrcaiN. 
'Inough  it  c.innot,  by  thii  mctiiod,  lie  rend<  rtd  to 
(■  lie  and  firm  as  cloth  that  ir.  wove.n,  i;  is  fu'ficitnilv 
imixivij-is  to  the  air,  and  is  iikewile  !i<l:er  a:id  more 
pliable. 

Their  woollen  garments  are  probably  manufactured 
in  the  lame  manner,  th.Righ  thev  have  much  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  ivoven  cloth:  but  the  liippitition  of  tluir 
being  wrought  in  a  loom  is  dellfycd  by  the  vuious 
figures  that  .ue  w. ^enio'ilU  inltrtel  in  them;  it  beiiii; 
very  improii„blc  lii.it  iht  le  pcpk  lliould  be  ai'ieio  pro- 
duce luih  a  complex  work,  except  immediately  l>\  their 
liands. 

Tney  are  ofdilierent  qualities,  llime  relembli.n;  oiir 
coarleil  lorr  of  blanker-,  and  others  not  much  inli'rior 
to  our  tinell  f  rt,  and  (<rtainly  botli  ".inner  ai:d  I"  Iter. 
The  v,i>iA  of  which  tlu  y  are  manulai.''tiired  feems  to  be 
produced  bv  diilerent  .uiinials,  paiticularly  the  (dk  and 
browo  lvii\.  I'h.it  from  the  lynx  is  the  Hnell,  and 
nearly  relembles  our  cjarkr  wools  in  colour;  but  the 
hair,  which  alio  grows  upon  the  animal,  bein;;  inter- 
mixed with  it,  the  appearance  ol  it  is  lonutimts  dilR-r- 
cnt  when  wrouj'hf. 

The  ornamental  figures  in  thele  rrarments  are  dif- 
pofed  with  great  talVe,  and  are  ''^enerally  of  a  liitiirent 
colour,  being  ufually  dved  eitiier  ot  a  tuep  bro\ui  or 
a  yellow;  tlie  latter  ot  which,  when  new,  ecuiiK,  in 
brightnels,  the  bell  in  our  car;;ets. 

Their  tondni-j'.,  lor  carving  on  .dl  their  wo:-;'en  arti- 
cles correlponds  wit!i  their  tatle  in  working  Hgires 
upon  tluir  g,;rments.  Nothing  is  to  be  leen  without  a 
kind  of  frcc.;e  work,  or  a  reprclentation  of  fomc  animal 
upon  it)  but  the  molt  general  figure  is  that  of  the  hii 
man  lace,  wlii  h  is  frequently  cut  out  upon  bir.ls,  and 
the  otIUT  moiillrous  things  alrc.i.iy  tnention-d ;  and 
even  upon  tlie.r  weapons  of  brir:e  and  Hone.  I'he  gene- 
ral deligii  of  tluie  lii'.ures  convey  a  liifficic-nt  knowkdi^e 
of  the  obiet''ts  they  are  intended  to  repielent. 

'I'lie  caivin;',  is  not  executed  wiih  the  nicety  ih.it  a 
dexterous  artill  would  bellow  even  upon  an  iniiilK  rent 
defign.  'i'he  fame,  however,  cannot  be  laid  of  many 
of  tlie  human  nialks  and  heads,  where  they  Ik.ew  them- 
felves  to  bi-  iiigenio'is  fculptors.  They  prelvrve,  with 
the  greatelf  cxadnefs,  tlv  general  ch.iricter  of  their 
own  faces,  and  linilli  the  more  minute  parts  with  great 
accuracy  and  ncataefs,  I'hat  ihc-li*  people  h.tve  a  llron>; 
propenlity  to  works  of  this  foil  is  obfcrvahle  in  a  va- 
riety of  particulars.  Keprekntations  of  human  ligures, 
birds,  bealls,  lilli,  models  of  their  canoes,  and  houfc- 
hold  utenfils,  were  tbund  among  theiii  in  very  great 
abundance. 

Having  mentioned  their  Ikill  in  fonie  of  the  imir.itivc 
arts,  fuch  as  working  ligurcb  in    tiitir   g.uincnt.'-,  .md 
No  .14. 


engraving  or  cirving  tl-.-em  in  wood,  we  may  alfo  add 
their  drawing  them  in  colours.  The  wh')k-  procels  of 
their  whale  hlhery  h  is  been  repri  fer.ted,  in  this  manner, 
on  rl.e  caps  iluy  wear.  'I'his,  indeed,  was  rudely  exe- 
cuted for  leveral,  at  lealt,  ro  fliew,  that,  though  tliey 
have  not  the  knowledge  of  lettt  rs  amongil  them,  they 
have  a  notion  of  rc[)rcfeniing  ac'ti^ins,  in  a  lalling  way, 
exclufive  of  recording  them  in  their  fongs  and  tradi- 
tions. Tliey  have  ail'o  otiier  punted  figures,  which, 
perha[)s,  have  no  <;lla'>lillKd  figiiilications,  and  are  only 
the  cre.irion  of  fancy  or  ca[)iice. 

The  matcii.ils  of  wiiich  tlic/  make  everything  of  the 
rope  kind,  are  1.,'rnied  either  from  th'.iigs  of  Ikins  and 
finews  of  animals,  or  trom  die  Ikixen  lubltancc  of  whicli 
the/  manuf.iclure  their  mantles.  The  finews  were 
fometimes  fo  remarkable  long,  that  it  was  hardie  pofTi- 
bie  they  coukl  have  belonged  to  any  otl.er  animal  than 
the  wh-de. 

Thele  people  ,irc  n'lt  wholly  iinfufceptible  of  the 
tender  p.illioir.,  v.hich  is  evidrnt  fiom  their  being  fond 
ol  mufic,  and  rhat  too  of  the  truely  path.ctic  kind.  'I'hcy 
keep  an  exaft  concert  in  their  I mgs,  which  are  otten 
lung  bv  great  numbers  together;  and  with  their  choruffes 
they  ulird  to  entertain  the  Kur(.|.cans.  Their  longs  are 
gt  ncrally  ilow  and  folenin;  I'lif  their  luufic  is  lefs  con- 
fiii'cl  than  tli.it  which  is  ulii  lly  tinind  in  other  rude  na- 
tions ;  the  variations  being  vt-rv  numerous  and  expref- 
five,  and  ihe  melody  powerl'Uiv  foothiiig.  Befides  their 
concerts,  lonnets  were  frecju:  ntly  lling  by  lingle  per- 
loriiiers,  keeping  time  by  llriking  the  liand  againll  the: 
thigh.  'ThoHj^h  fjlemnity  wis  predominant  in  their 
mufic,  they  foiiieuiiies  entertained  us  in  a  gav  and  live- 
Iv  lirain,  and  even  with  a  degree  of  plcafantry  and 
humour. 

The  oiilv  indiuments  of  mufic  i\-<:n  among  them 
Were  a  rattle  and  fmail  whilUe.  'Tlie  rattle  is  ufcd 
wiu'ii  they  ling;  but  upon  what  occafions  the  whillle  is 
ukd  was  never  known,  unit  Is  it  be  when  they  aliume 
(he  figures  ol  (larticiilar  animals,  and  c.ide.'.vour  to  imi- 
tate their  hoal  or  cry.  (.)ur  peo[)le  once  l;iw  one  of 
tiicm  drelled  in  the  Ikin  of  a  wolf,  uith  the  head  cover- 
ing his  o*n,  llriving  to  imitate  iliat  animal  by  making 
a  fcjucaking  iviife  wiih  a  whilile  he  h.id  in  his  mouth. 
'I'he  rattles  are  generdly  in  tlie  Ihane  of  a  bird,  with 
Imall  pebbles  in  tiie  iielly,  ai;  1  the  tail  is  tlie  han.il'. 
They  have  another  fort,  whicli  rekmbles  a  child's 
ratde. 

'I'lieir  we.ipons  are  b  -ws  aa  1  arrows,  fpear;,  flings, 
Ihort  triiiichcs  made  of  bone,  ?t;d  a  fmail  nick-.'.xe, 
liimewliit  refenibling  the  Ameri'  an  tomahawk.  .Some 
of  ti.e  arrows  arc  p  li'tcd  with  iron,  and  olher^  with  in- 
d'-ined  bone.  The  fpear  was  uUialiya  I'ong  [■oint  made 
of  bo.ie.  'The  tomahawk  is  a  ll'jne  of  the  length  of 
liven  or  eight  inches;  one  e;id  tt rmiiKiting  in  a  |'oinr, 
and  the  otiier  fixed  in  a  wooden  h.uulle.  'Tliis  handle 
is  intended  to  refemide  t.he  head  and  neck  of  a  humais 
figure;  the  (lone  being  fixed  in  the  mouth.  To  .is  to  re- 
prelirnt  a  tongue  of  great  magnitude.  To  heigluei, 
tlie  refemblance,  linm.in  hair  is  a!li)  fixed  to  ir.  Thi*- 
weapon  is  calkd  t'liwc  jk:  and  they  have  another  wea 
poll  nrule  of  done,  wiiicli  they  call /((?«,  about  ten  or 
twelve  inches  long,  h.iving  .1  kjiiare  point. 

iMoni  the  niiuiber  of  their  lloncs  and  other  weapons, 
it  may  be  rralonably  concluded  that  they  frccjuertly 
engage  in  cloli.'  combat ;  and  our  people  had  very  dilii- 
greeable  proofs  of  tlu  ir  wars  being  both  frequent  and 
bloody,  from  the  number  of  human  (kulls  that  were 
olfercil  them  for  f.ile. 

'Though  the  llrik'ture  of  tluir  cmoes  is  fimpJe,  they 
appcir  wi'il  calcul.ued  for  evv'ry  ulelul  purpole.  'The 
l,iiV;eil,  whit  h  cont.iiii  upwards  of  twenty  people,  ,ire 
formed  of  alinile  tree.  I'he  kngth  of  many  of  them  is 
forty  feet,  tht.  breadth  leven,  and  tlie  ikj  tli  tliici.'. 
They  become  gradu.illy  narr  iwer  from  du  mi  die  to- 
wards each  end,  the  llern  ending  perpeiidi.  iil.iily  witji 
a  knob  at  the  top.  'The  (cue  part  ilniclK  s  I' 'rw arils  and 
upwards,  11,,.',  ends  in  a  point  or  prow,  miicli  hij^her 
than  the  fides  of  the  canoe,  vvhiUi  are  nearly  fvrait. 
b  T  'The 


t 


fi 


I'llo 


•  li 


/^i        A  MAV.  ROYAL,  and   M' rilKNTIC  SYSTTM  or  UM\  1  P.SAI.  Cr.OGKAl'l  IV. 


NtW    DiSOlVEaiGS. 


■■■I 


m 


'1 


I 


'I'lie  rrrcucll  p-.irt  of  tlipm  arf  wlrliout  ;'.iiv  orn.imem  : 
C.y.v.t:  luv«  .1  lictlc  c.'.rviiu;,  aii.i  .irc  iluiitlrj  with  Ic.ils 
uvtii  on  tin-  Uii:.i,c.  S'liie  alii)  Imvc  a  kin  !  of  ;uidi- 
iviiul  prow,  iit'ially  luiiiti'ci  wivi  the  ii^;urc  ol  loiiii' 
atiiiiiil.  Tlu  ,  luivc  neithrr  UmIs,  cr  anyorl.tr  luiij-ur- 
tcrs,  on  the  iiiii  !e,  txii'iit  fonie  liii.'.il  ryiin.l  llitks, 
about  the  fiz^"  of  a  walkii:^-ca!ie,  pl.uai  air-lV,  alvnit 
hail  tlK-  liepth  ol'  tJK-  i-a;ii.t.  'l"lii-y  are  very  hght,  ami, 
on  acouint  ol"  tiitir  breaJth  ant!  tl.itini'^,  Iwim  Hrmly, 
^vuhoiit  an  (nit-rii.';.;iT,  of  wiiich  thrv  a;;-  all  ililliti:'!.'; 
a  ifiiiarkahlc  liillinction  between  tlie  navigation  ot  all 
the  A^nniran  natior.i  a;i>i  chat  ol'  the  liimliein  parts  ot 
the  I'-all  I'Hli'-',  and  ti'.e  illiiais  oj'  the  I'a.i'-,c  Otean. 
Their  pnkl(!k>,  which  are  liiuil  ami  light,  lelui/ble  a 
large  leaf  ill  fnape,  iicing  pointal  at  the  bottom,  lnoaii 
in  the  nii.idle,  and  yradtially  brconiins  narrower  in  tlie 
fl-.ar'c,  the  wliole  ler.gth  bcini;  ab.iut  five  feet.  By  con- 
liint  ul'e,  they  have  aciiiiiivd  great  dexterity  i'l  the 
nuiiagemeat  of  ti'.efe  paddiis;  but  tliey  never  nuke 
ule  of  any  tails. 

■The  cani.c..  of  the  lar^ier  iJvt  are  not  only  very  fpa- 
cions,  but  perftcHydri-;  1.)  tliat  ur„ie;  lliekcr  of  a  ikin, 
they  are,  except  in  rainy  weather,  imicli  more  eom- 
fortable  hibitatiopo  than  their  huules. 

Their  implements  for  lilhinp:  and  hunting,  wiiich  are 
ini:;enioul'ly  conniv evl,  and  well  made,  arc  nets,  hooks 
and  line.s  hariioon.s,  gigs,  and  an  inllriiment  like  an 
oar.  I'his  lalt  is  about  io  feet  lonjz:,  tour  or  hve  ii-.chis 
bruatl,  and  about  half  an  incli  thick.  Kaeh  edti;e,  lor 
aboi;t  two  t'  iru.-.  oi'its  length,  (the  other  third  being  its 
handle,)  is  let  with  lliarp  bone  teeth,  about  tv.o  inci.es 
long.  NN'i'.h  this  inllrumenc  they  attack  herrings  and 
fardir.es,  and  hich  other  filh  that  come  in  flioals.  It  is 
ftruck  into  the  flioal,  and  rhe  tilli  are  taken  either  upon 
or  between  the  teeth.  'I'heir  hooks,  which  are  made 
of  bone  ami  wooii,  difplay  no  grrit  ingenuity;  but  the 
harpoon,  wid^li  is  ulhl  in  finking  w:iales,  and  otiier 
fea-aninials,  nianifeft  a  gre.it  extent  ot  lontrivance.  It 
conCilh  of  a  piece  of  bone,  tormcd  into  two  barbs,  in 
which  the  oval  blade  of  a  large  miilcle-lliell,  ami  the 
point  ef  the  infb-iunent,  is  ti.xcii.  Two  or  three  tailionis 
of  rope  is  faRened  to  this  harponn;  and,  in  throwing 
i:,  tliey  nil-  a  Ihal'c  of  about  lilteen  leet  hmg,  to  which 
the  rojie  is  faflcneiU  to  one  end  of  whicli  the  harpoon 
is  !i>>ed,  fo  as  to  leive  the  lliatt  floating,  as  a  buoy 
u|)on  the  water,  wi;fn  the  animal  is  ilruck  with  the 
harpo:>n. 

'Tiuir  manner  of  citching  ami  kiiiinp;  lant!  animals 
cannot  be  al'ienaii.ed:  but  it  ij  probable  that  tiiey 
Ihoot  the  fnudler  forts  with  ilulr  arrows,  and  encounter 
bears,  waives,  and  (oxes,  with  tluir  Ipears.  They  have 
Icveral  lorrs  ot  nets,  which  arc,  petnaps,  appiitd  to 
that  |>urpo!e;  as  it  was  cuilomary  lor  them  to  t.irow 
them  over  their  heads,  to  fignify  their  ufe,  when  they 
otfeied  them  fl.T  laic.  .S;)iiietiiiics  thev  decoy  ani^■l.^^^ 
by  diig'iiiing  thcmfclvcs  v. ith  a  il\in,  and  running  upon 
all  t'our,'.,  in  which  fl.ey  are  remarkabiy  nimble.  The 
malked  or  carved  heaiLs,  as  well  as  the  drir^  iieads  ot' 
different  animals,  are  ulld  ujH)n  thcle  occalions. 

Their  great  dexterity  in  works  ot  wckuI  may,  In  lome 
neafure,  be  afcribed  to  the  allillance  they  receive  frum 
iron  toob;  for,  as  far  as  is  known,  they  ule  no  other; 
at  leaft,  our  people  only  law  ine  chiliel  of  bone:  anct 
though  their  toolb  mull  have  been  originally  made  of 
ditlerenc  materials,  it  is  not  imprubai.le  th.it  many  ol 
their  improvement!  have  been  maile  lince  they  leiiuirci 
a  kiviwledge  of  tiut  metal,  which  now  is  univerlally 
ufeil  in  tlieir  various  wooden  works. 

The  knife  and  chiifd  are  the  jirincipal  I'ijrms  that  iron 
afl'iimes  amorwft  ther.i.  '1  he  chilfel  conlilt's  dt  atl.it 
li.ng  piece,  lailen:.i  ir.to  a  wooelen  handle.  .A  Hone 
is  their  mallet,  .i!:d  a  bit  of  lilhlkm  their  poiiihei. 
.Some  o(  thcl'-  chiiitlj  were  nine  or  ten  inches  inleninh, 
and  thne  or  f'uy  in  liieatlth;  but  they  were,  in  j.cnc 
ral,  cornKierably  Inialler. 

.S(jme  of  their  knives  are  very  fir.re,  and  ilirir  liLidi's 
arc  crookeil;  tiie  educ  being  on  the  back,  or  lonve.K 
paic.     Mvll  '/  theiu  Iccn  were  about  the  brcaJtli  and 


t'lickn-fs  (,f  an  iron  hoop,  and  tiieir  lingnhr  tort'i  mark? 
til  it  iliey  were  p  k  of  Kuropeaii  make.  I'robablv  tliey 
.ur  imiiaiions  of  their  own  original  inlhuiieiits  iiled  tor 
tlie  lime  piiri'ofc-.  Tiny  lliaipen  tlule  iion  tools  ujioii 
a  coarle  lla-e  whctllone,  and  iikewife  keep  the  wliulo 
i.illiuaient  eontlantly  bright. 


S  !•:  C  T  ION     V. 


ILil-tdtlon^ 


Furn:turc.      I'ortI, 


(I II It    nivr.rr 


<^.f 


Till-'  \lllage,  which  is  firyatcd  at  the  entrance  of  the 
liiind,  liands  on  die  fule  ol  a  prct:y  deep  alcent, 
extending  trom  rhe  be.icli  ot  the  wooil.  'I'he  houfes 
c.mfift  of  three  ranges  or  rows,  placed  at  ic|ualihll,inces 
behintl  each  otlv  r,  the  front  r')w  being  the  largell; 
and  there  are  .i  li'w  llrag-'.ling  lioi;les  at  lacli  end. 
Tiiefe  rows  are  inrerl'erte.i  bv  na-row  paths,  or  lan.'S,  at 
irregular  dillanccj,  palhng  tijiward  ;  but  thole  between 
the  lioules  art.'  conii.icrably  broader.  'I'liough  tliis  ge- 
nera! di''}).iiiu:.n  has  fome  appearance  v\'  regularity, 
there  is  none  in  <!ie  lingle  Irnile.', ;  fir  every  diwlioii 
made  by  t'le  pitin  may  eitlier  be  confidered  as  one  or 
more  lioules,  tin  r-  bcuig  no  regular  leparation  to  dif- 
tmgullli  them  by,  either  wiihin  or  wirhout.  Tlieic 
ere'ti  insconfilf  of  vcrvlong  bioael  blanks,  reflingupoii 
the  ciii^cs  of'  .-.'i  h  other,  tied  in  dillVrent  parts,  with 
V.  icilesof  ( ine-b.»:k.  'iliey  h.ive  only  ihiidcr  polls  on 
ihe  until. les,  at  c.;nlidera!)le  ehll  mces  (rom  eaiii  other, 
to  which  tliey  arc  aho  tadenei! ;  but  tlu're  are  fime 
larger  |)iiles  wijii  i,  pUcevI  allaiU.  'I'he  lides  and  ends 
ot  (iiei'e  h.iljit.itioiis  ..re  .ibout  leven  or  eight  feet  in 
height,  but  tiie  b.iik  part  is  fomewhat  higher,  'i'he 
pl.inks  tlicrcf  re,  which  compote  the  ro;if,  llant  lijr- 
waril,  and,  being  loole,  may  be  moved  at  pleafurc, 
ri.ey  miv  eidier  be  put  doU-  to  exclude  the  rain,  or  le- 
pariuvi  to  ad  ui:  the  light  in  line  weather. 

L^(i.,;i  the  whole,  however,  they  are  moR  milcrable 
dwelling,  aiul  dilplay  very  little  attention  or  ingenuity 
in  their  coiillruction  i  for  though  the  fide  planks  are 
pretty  dole  t.)  e.ich  other  in  Ibme  places,  they  arc 
ijuite  open  i.i  i;:liers.  Bcfiiles,  thefe  habitations  have 
no  regular  dvior-,  and  can  only  be  entered  by  a  luile, 
whii  h  the  uiieeiuai  length  of  the  planks  has  acciilencally 
m.ide.  In  the  lides  ol  the  houle  t.hey  have  alf.)  holes  to 
loik  out  at,  lerving  liir  windows;  but  thefe  are  very 
irregularly  diljioi'-d,  without  attending,  in  the  ieatt,  CD 
die  diape  and  i  ze  of  them. 

V,  iihin  the  iubitatinn.i  is  tVequcntly  a  view  from  one 
end  to  the  other  oi  thelc  ranges  of  buiKling;  forthougli 
there  are  fome  appearances  of  fe[)arations  on  each  tide 
i'lr  the  accorr.ir.alatiun  ot  diil'erent  perlon*  or  t'amihes, 
tliey  elo  not  iiuercept  the  fight,  ami  goner.illy  conlilt  of 
pieces  of  plank,  c.x'ending  from  the  fide  to  die  middle 
ol  the  iiouic.  On  tlie  (ides  of  e.ich  of  chefe  p.irts  is  a 
little  henvii,  about  five  or  fix  inches  highei  than  the 
lelt  (li'tiiellooi,  coveted  with  iiLi'v,  whereon  tl'.e  lamiiy 
lit  and  lleep.  The  length  o|  thelc  benches  is  generally 
leven  rr  eig'it  fee:,  and  the  breadth  t()ur  cr  five.  Tin; 
liie  p'ate,  which  I., is  luicher  hearth  or  chinuiey,  is  in 
die  iiiifliiie  of  the  fl  )ir.  One  houle,  in  j;articul,tr,  was 
neady  Icjaia-ed  t'roiii  the  reit  by  a  ckile  partiiiuii;  and 
this  was  the  moll  regular  buiklmg  of  anv  wc  had  teen. 
In  It  chrie  were  lour  ol  thefe  benches,  each  holding  a 
lingle  lamiiy  at  the  corner  i  but  is  haei  not  any  fepura- 
tic.n  by  l^oard. ;  and  the  middle  of  the  houle  fe'emed  to 
be  (ojiimun  to  all  the  iniiabiunts. 

riic  irregulaiity  and  lonfulfm  of  their  li'iules  is, 
ho'.vever,  tar  excweiled  by  their  nailin.f,  and  Ihncli. 
They  w.'  ■■'■iy  dry  their  tilli  wiihin  do'us,  but  tluy  alio 
gut  them  .  ,ere,  which,  toj'ether  with  their  bones  ,ind 
Irag  lien's  ihr.i.vn  ujion  the  ground  at  meals,  occalions 
IcvomI  h-aps  111  Idth,  whuh  are  never  removed  till  ic 
iKC.i.i.cji  tr.KifileJonic,  li..,:li  their  bulk,  to  pals  over 
ihcm.  I'.veiy  thin.',  abr.jt  the  houl'-:  llmks  ot  ciain-uil, 
lilh,  ami  Im  ak  ,  and  cveiy  p.an  •-!  it  is  aa  filthy  as  can 
be  im.igihcd. 

Notwithflandina 


remise:  and  when 


NtW    DiSOlVI.II,-.':.] 


N  O  i:  T  II      AM  r,  R  I  C  A. 


J83 


!it    vu:fr.ei- 


■twlrhrtaiidina 


N)twit!).ai  li  :;  .ill  tliii  fiMi  .in  I  •:in''i)ihn,  miiy  of 
tlu'll- IkhIcs  .410  (liC'jiMce  I  W!ti(  iini.;i.N,  wiiioh  arc  n)- 
thiii^  ni  >r<;  tiuu  I'x.:  trii:i!<H  of  l.ir:!:!:  tn-i-is,  of  tlie  lieij^'it 
of  f)ur  Of  five  fi',:,  pUce.i  at  the  rjipfr  c-;).l  of  tue 
a|)^irm'ir.  wirh  a  hiin.wi  fj'.e  c.irvcJo.i  il\-i  fur.v,  uii  I 
tliu  I)  III  f.  ail  I  ai.n.  ii,>),i  the  fi  L-s.  i'iu-ii.-  ii^uros  arc 
to>  v.ri  Kill/  |)iiii:i.'.l,  aii.l  mike,  u,v)  i  Cm  wli  jI;,  a 
mmihMis  a|)|tt:.(r:ini'i-.  'I'liffe  iim^'s  aro  gJin-rally 
caiif  i  K'nivHi,  line  tlie  lunics  of  nvi>  particular  oiks, 
ft.iii.li.y  ,i-breall  from  cacli  otliir,  at  tlic  tlitlanc-e  of  ab:)iK 
thiLT  <.,'  four  ft-et,  were  Ntiulikivt,  .xni  Milffeti,  The 
b-  f  j.Ilm  ili.ir  (Mil  he  forin>\l  of  tli'.-lL-  Iij;iire4  will  be 
(r  nil  t.'ic  rfprcleiitatioii  of  tlieni  in  the  eiijraviiigs. 
A  (ort  <i(  c,:rMin,  im.ji.'  of  mat,  iifially  IniiLj  before 
them,  wliiih  ilic  natives  were  f jiiietiiius  imwiliiiif^  to 
rcini'Ci  an.l  wIu'.t  tli-y  ilnl  conliiit  to  imv.iil  them, 
they  leemcl  to  exjirets  tlirmiilves  in  a  very  mjjUerioii.', 
nnniur.  It  K-cni'-  i)iob.il)lv  that  they  fomrtiiii;!,  make 
oliliiiiys  to  thcnii  lor  if  their  liyns  were  rightly  int-.-r- 
pretCii,  th-y  reiaciteil  our  pi'oplc  to  give  fomfchinii  t  > 
thele  images,  wj,ien  tliev  drew  the  mats  from  beliire 
tlicm.  I'rom  tlietl:  circuiiillance'.  i:  was  iiamral  liir  tin  in 
to  fuppole  tint  they  were  reprefrntadves  of  their  god^, 
or  loi;ie  lopcrffitioiis  lyiiUKils;  and  yet  they  were  lieKI 
in  no  vny  ex'raorvlmary  tlr^^ree  of  elHmarion ;  for, 
witli  a  Imali  quantity  ot  brafs  or  iron,  any  pcrluii  might 
Iiave  piirchalid  all  of  them  in  the  place. 

An  ingenious  artill,  who  accompanied  Captain  Cook 
on  the  voyage,  in  liiawiiig  a  view  of  tlic  iiilide  of  a 
Nootka  houlc,  wherein  tlulc  figiiies  were  rr[)releiued. 
was  interruptct!  from  procceiling  by  one  of  the  inhabi- 
tants. While  he  was  employed,  a  man  approached 
him  with  a  large  knife  in  his  h.inil,  Iccmingly  ililplcaf- 
cd,  frjiii  oblerving  that  the  eyes  of  the  artill  were  fixed 
on  two  reprclentati'Jiis  of  human  ligures,  which  were 
placed  at  one  end  of  the  apartment,  carved  on  planks, 
of  a  !>igantii  proj'ortion,  and  |)ainted  after  their  (  utlom. 
As  the  .'.mil  took  as  little  notice  of  him  as  jj'ilT.ble, 
and  [iroceedeit,  the  native,  in  ijnii  r  to  previiit  him, 
providii!  himUli  uith  a  mat,  ami  pl.ired  it  in  fiieh  a 
maiii'er  as  to  oiiilrucl  the  view.  Ai  die  objecf  was  too 
intcrrtiiiig  to  be  omitted,  the  arm;  ile:trmined  to  try 
the  ciiect  of  a  bribe.  Accordingly  he  made  an  oiKr 
of  a  button  from  his  coat,  which,  being  mrtal,  he 
thought  woull  have  plealed  him.  This  inlhintly  pro- 
duce,1  the  def.rcd  elfccl ;  tor  the  mat  was  removed,  and 
the  ar;ill  was  at  liberty  to  proceed  as  before.  1  le  had 
Karctiy  made  a  beginning  when  the  n.itive  returned, 
and  renewed  hisfoimer  p'.ii;lice,  continuing  it  till  he 
l'..id  pitted  with  cvcrv  lingle  button;  aiid  when  he 
fotind.  th.it  he  had  completely  llrippcd  him,  he  permit- 
ted him  to  proceed  without  further  obllrudion. 

'I  he  furniture  of  their  houles  confills  particularly  of 
chells  and  boxes  of  various  lues,  piled  upon  each  other, 
at  the  fides  or  ends  of  the  houles ;  in  which  are  ililjxjiit- 
cd  thnr  garments,  Ikins  in.ilk';,  and  other  articles  tliat 
are  deemed  valuable.  M..iiy  of  them  are  double,  or 
the  upper  one  ferves  as  a  lid  to  t'le  other.  Some  have 
a  lid  lafh  ned  ^^ith  tlionjp.  Otliirs,  that  are  very  large, 
have  a  fquare  hole  cut  in  the  upper  part,  lor  the  con- 
venience of  putting  things  in,  or  taking  them  out. 
They  arc  frcquentjv  painted  black,  lluddtd  witii  teeth 
of  iiiiimals,  or  riulely  carved  with  tigures  of  birds,  &c. 
as  decorations.  'I'hey  have  alii)  Iquare  an;l  oblong  [lails ; 
round  wooden  cups  and  bowls;  wo<'dcn  troughs,  of 
about  two  f(.et  in  length,  out  of  which  they  e.it  their 
food;  bags  of  matting,   b.'.ikets  oi  twigs,   &:c. 

Their  imiMcments  for  iilhing,  and  other  things,  are 
hung  up,  or  Icattered  in  dill'trei.'t  parts  of  the  hoiife, 
without  any  kind  of  order,  making,  in  the  whole,  a 
perfect  fccne  of  contufuui ;  except  on  the  llcejing 
benches,  which  have  nothing  on  them  but  the  mats, 
which  arc  of  a  fuptrior  tjualiiy  to  ihote  they  ufually  have 
to  lit  im  ill  thvir  bo.its. 

The  principal  lilli  ve  herrings  and  ftrdinci,  two 
fpecies  of  bream,  ami  li'me  fiiiall  cod.  The  herrings 
and  lardines  not  only  lerve  to  be  eaten  frclh  in  tlnir 
feafon,  but  to  be  diieJ  and  fmoked  as  llores.      The 


herrings  alio  afford  them  anotlier  graiti  rclo'ircc  for 
food,  which  is  a  vail  (ju.mtity  of  rne,  prepared  in  a  very 
extra  iiilinary  manner.  It  is  (bvwid  iii;on  fm.ill 
braiuliea  of  the  Canadi  in  pine.  It  is  alio  prepared 
upon  a  long  lea-graf-,  which  is  fiund  in  great  |')lenty 
upon  the  rocks  under  w  .ter.  It  is  pieliived  ia 
b.ilkcis  or  mat,  and  uliii  occalionallv,  after  bein"- 
dippeti  in  w.-.ter.  It  {la's  no  difagreeablc  talle,  and 
fervCs  thefepco(ileajakiiid  of  wintci  bread.  Theyalfu 
cat  the  roe  of  fijine  other  large  lilli,  that  has  a  very 
rancid  fmclj  and  tafle. 

An.jtlier  allcntial  article  of  their  find  is  the  large 
mtilcle,  vshicli  is  fuind  in  great  al)undance  in  the 
foiiiiil.  After  mailing  them  in  tiicir  IhelK,  tliey  are 
thick  upon  long  wooden  Ikcwers,  and  taken  off  as  they 
ate  v. anted  to  lie  eaten,  as  tliey  require  no  further  pre- 
luration,  though  they  are  lometimes  dip]  ed  in  oil  as  a 
tauce.  The  fmaller  llieil-filh  ci;ntribute  to  cncrenfe 
the  gener.il  flock,  but  cannot  be  confidered  us  a  mate- 
ria! .Mticl'-. 

'I'he  porpnife  is  more  common  amorig  them  as  food 
than  any  of  the  Icm  .inimals,  tlie  tli-lli  and  rin  1  of  which 
they  cut  into  large  [licces,  diyilum  as  they  do  her- 
rings and  eat  them  without  fardier  preparation.  They 
have  alii)  a  very  lingular  manner  of  preparing  a  f)rt  ot 
broth  from  this  animal,  when  in  its  frell;  Hate.  Th.ey 
put  fijme  pieces  of  it  into  a  wooden  veflel  or  pail,  in 
which  there  is  alio  fome  water,  and  throw  heated  tlones 
into  it.  This  operation  is  repeatedly  performed  till  the 
lontents  are  liippoled  to  be  fuffKientiy  tUwcd.  The 
frclh  tlones  :ire  put  in,  and  the  otiieis  taken  out,  with  a 
cleft  fliik,  ftrving  as  a  pair  of  ton!.;s,  the  vclfel  being, 
tor  that  [iiirpoli-,  always  placed  near  the  tire.  'I'his  is 
a  romiiioii  liilli  among  them,  ami  teems  to  be  a  very 
Itrong  nourilliing  food.  I'loin  thcfe,  and  other  lea 
animals,  they  procure  oil  in  great  abundance,  which 
they  ule  iipi  n  many  occafions,  mixed  wi:h  other  food, 
as  lauce,  and  freqi;cnrly  fip  it  alone  with  a  kind  of  flooj) 
made  ul  horn. 

They  probably  fed  upon  odier  fea  animals,  ll:ch  ;u 
whai-.s,  leaks  i"i^l  Ica-t. tiers;  the  l^ins  ot  the  two  lalt 
being  common  amoiigll  them :  and  they  are  furnilhed 
will;  implements  of  all  lorts  tor  the  dellrudtion  of  thefe 
liifVeient  animals,  tliougii,  peih.'.ps,  they  may  not  be 
able,  at  all  leatons,  to  catch  them  in  great  plenty.  No 
great  number  of  Irt  Ih  Iktns  were  to  be  teen  while  the  lliips 
lay  in  tlie  louml.  1  and  ai.imals,  at  the  time,  ajipear- 
ed  to  be  fearer,  as  they  law  no  llelli  belonging  to  any 
of  them;  and  tho'.gli  their  tkins  were  to  be  had  in 
plenty,  they  might,  pcrlLiiis,  heve  b'.-cn  procured  by 
traffic  from  other  ttilies. 

It  plainly  appears,  from  a  variety  of  cimimfTances, 
that  thtte  people  procure  the  greatelt  (vart  of  their  ani- 
mal food  from  the  lea,  excepting  a  few  gulls,  and  ionic 
other  birds,  which  they  thoot  with  their  arrows. 

Tlu ir  only  winter  vegetables  feen.etl  to  be  the  Cana- 
ilian  pine  branches,  and  tta-grals;  but,  as  the  Ipriiig 
advance.',  they  life  others  as  iluy  come  ia  featon.  The 
molt  common  ol  ttule  were  two  forts  of  liliacious  roots, 
of  a  mild  I'wLetilh  talle,  whi>,h  are  mucikiginous,  and 
eaten  raw.  The  next  is  a  root  called  ahalu,  and  lias  a 
tafle  refembling  liquorice.  Another  Imall  fweetith  root, 
about  the  thicknefs  of  farfiparilla,  is  alio  eaten  raw. 
As  the  feaf.n  advances,  they  have,  doiibtlefs,  many 
others  which  were  not  leen.  I'or  though  there  is  not 
the  leatl  appearance  of  cultivation  among  them,  there  are 
plenty  of  aider,  <'ool'eberry,  and  currant  buth.es.  One 
of  the  conditions,  however,  v.l'.ich  they  teem  to  require 
in  all  food,  is,  tliat  it  Ihouid  be  of  the  lets  acrid  kind; 
lor  they  would  not  touch  the  leek  or  garlic,  though  they 
told  our  people  vail  quantities  of  it,  when  they  iinder- 
tlood  they  liktd  it.  They  feemcd,  indeed,  nottorclilh 
any  of  their  tiioti,  and  rejected  their  Ipirituius  liquors, 
as  lometliiiig  dih.ulliiig  and  unnacural. 

Small  m.iiir.e  animals,  in  tlieir  trelli  llate,  are  lome- 
times eaten  raw;  though  it  is  tluir  ordinary  pi.i'flice  to 
roatl  or  broil  tluir  tood ;  tor  they  are  abloh.re  llrangirs 
to  Our  iiiciiiod  of  Ik  iiin^,  as  appears  from  tin  ir  m.'nner 
-V  '  of 


t 

1 

i  '"  t 

1  fH 

A  XtVvV,  UOYAI..  AM.  Al'TIir  sTIC  SVSl  TM  or  TNIVl  U' AI.  CI  iK.UAPi  lY 


Vii.i 


■  'ii 


"If. 


HI. 


n 
^i\i 


4^t 

of  ('iv(uri;ij;  porpil'f  bnitli.  BcfKlt"-,  in  tluy  h.wc 
oniv  W')aJcn  velllls,  it  i>  inijvilubli.-  t,>r  tiicm  to  prr- 
foriM  liK  1  .111  npcrjti'in.  I'luir  iii  innfr  "1  iMilii;,  rnr- 
rri\)iul>  witli  ttie  nallinelV  of  thiir  lioulo  .mil  iitrfoiit.  j 
for  tlir  pl'.ttiTs  ami  trniif^h-i  our  ol'  wliirh  tliov  I'.ir  tncir 
fcvhl  i.riii  r.i*  rr  to  liu-e  lin'ii  w.iiin- 1  fmce  tln-ir  nii- 
giii.ii  i')rin.:ti.>;ii  thf  Jiiry  tfin.iin,  of.i  firimT  mr il  Ik- 
iri;;  only  I'w,  pr  aw.iv  hv  .i  ItiCLcalinjj  one.  Kvrry  (\wv\ 
foiiil  iiml  toiigli  they  tear  ir  t)  piras  wirli  tlii-lr  liaiiiUaiK) 
trcthj  inr  t!ioii{ili  tlii-ir  knives  .irc  emi>l"yc' I  in  ciittinr; 
olV  the  hrgiT  portions,  tlicy  have  lut  yet  en.liavoiiri-d 
to  rt.i'.x-c  tlu-ll-  to  mourhfiils  hy  tlir  fame  iiieaiis,  tlio' 
1()  much  more  clranlv  ami  c■on^■cntenf.  Tliey  ilo  not 
pollels  even  .nii  i'.ka  nt"cleanl:nef>,  and  .onllantlv  eat  the 
mots  which  arc  ilii;vfrom  the  (rroiinil,  without  attt-.Tijit- 
int;  to  ihake  cf  the  toil  which  aJlirrcs  to  fhrin. 

It  is  not  ccrta'.iilv  lcn;)w;i  wiicthrr  they  have  anv  U-: 
time  tor  their  meaK,  a<;  tlu-y  were  Icen  at  all  limirs  to 
ea"  in  thtir  caiiies.  But  a^  (everal  rneiles  of  porpMili- 
broth  were  ft-in  prcp.iriiit,'  a:  tiie  vil!a;^e  about  noon,  it 
i.s  prob..blL-  that  they  make  a  princijiil  meal  about  that 
time. 

,s  1    C  T  I  O  N     VI. 


Dffi  1  !flicn  ofthr  C(n:t:!r\.     C!:malf. 


tiflns.  f^iaihiilirds.  Sf,i   /InirH'ifs.   Bird: 


Verrtnlk  Prcdu. 
Vilh 
Rimr'ki.   Dip'V  i:trc. 


R,p- 


CAI'1.\1\  COOK  g.ive  the  appellation  of  Kin<' 
liefrn;e's  Sound  to  this  inlet  on  his  liiil  arrival; 
but  it  was  called  Nootka  by  the  inhabitants.  The  en- 
trance is  in  the  tall  corner  of  I  lope  lijy.  Its  latit'iJe 
is  49  deg.  :3  min.  n;>rth;  and  its  loniiuulc  23  ;  dci:. 
12  inin.  e..(L  The  call  coall  of  the  B.iy  is  covered  by 
a  cliain  of  fiinken  rock.s;  and  mvir  tlie  limn!  are  liime 
Ifland  and  roc  ks  above  water.  'I'hr  lliips  entrred  tlit- 
found  between  two  rocky  po''  j,  lyins;  eall-fnith-ealf 
and  well-norch-ucrt  from  each  otiier,  diiiant  aboii:  four 
miles.  The  found  widens  within  thcfe  points,  and  ex- 
tends to  the  northward  at  leal!  tiuir  Ica^^ies. 

A  number  of  in.inds,  of  various  li/rs,  apjiear  in  the 
middle  of  die  IoiukI.  The  dcpt.'i  ot  water,  not  onlv  in 
tlie  midtllc  of  tile  found,  but  alio  dole  to  lome  parts  (,f 
its  Ihorc,  is  fr  'ni  fortv-lcven  to  nmetv  fathoms,  or 
more.  V\  ithin  its  circuit  the  harbours  an>l  anchsrinp; 
places  are  numerous. 

The  cove,  where  our  fliips  anchored,  is  on  the  eaft- 
.n.le  of  the  found,  and  alio  on  the  ealb  of  the  laryell 
iflar.d.  It  is,  indeed,  covered  fiom  the  lea,  wiiich  is 
its  prini.i;'.il  reconinicntlatif)n  ;  f'or  it  is  exjiofcd  to  the 
loiith-eal!:  winds,  v.iiich  llinietimis  lilow  with  s^reat  vio- 
lence, and  in.i's^e  threat  devailation,  as  w.ia  bjt  too  ap- 
parent in  manv  places. 

Upon  the  fca-coall  tl.e  land  is  tolerably  hii^h  and 
level  i  but,  within  the  lound,  it  riles  into  iKep  liilis, 
which  have  a  uniform  appearance,  endint;  in  roundilli 
to|M,  Willi  Hiarp  ridges  on  their  fides.  Many  of  thcic 
hilLs  are  high,  and  others  of  a  more  moderare  lici^ht ; 
b'.it  .dl  oi  them  are  covered  to  the  t:>ps  widi  the  ihi.-koll 
woodi.  Some  bare  fpota  are  to  be  Ic-n  on  the  fides  of 
lome  of  the  hills;  bur  they  are  not  nu;iier.)us,  though 
they  iulncie:i:iy  ihew  the  t-jneral  rocky  difpolicion  'of 
thcle  hills.  They  have,  ind;.ed,  nf>  foil  upon  tliem, 
except  what  has  been  produced  from  rotten  moflcs  anil 
trees,  of  the  depth  of  about  two  feet.  Tiieir  f.iimia- 
tions  are,  indeed,  nothin«  more  than  lUipenlHi,  rocks 
which  .irc  of  a  ;jrcy  or  whitilh  caft  wl.L-n'cNpi.ied  to  the 
J^'<^^f''^r,  Jjut,  v./iVT   broken,  are  .if  a  biucnli  ■  rcy  co- 


lour.    The 


ru- 


fiTirei  conliif  tn'. 


■hi 


the  be.uhes  of   tlie  Jirde  coves  111  the  ibun  1  are  com 
pofrd  a;id  trjt'.r.i.rnrcd  of  it. 

at  (|U..ntity  of 


All 


fdlen  w,). 


n'lrll-  cove,,  are  luriiii'hcd  with  ,1  l'|-> 


;  I.. 


I;'..;  in  tliem,  w!,u  li  is  1  .iriicj  in  by  the 
tile;  ac.d  v.im  ,-!!!..,!' lielii  v.ater  luin.ient  for  tiie  iilc 
of_  a  fkij),  v.liich  U-ein  t,)  b,-  hipp.ird  eniirelv  from  the 
rams  and  fo;r,  that  luiver  .•.bur  the  t'ps  <'>f  tlie  hill-. 
T.':;  water  of  thefe  ril;,  1.  (tt-iildly  clear,  and  diiio;>es 
I'iip  v.k!!  "i\a;  ea:c. 


The  I  lint.ite  app-.irs  to  be  inli'ifrly  milder  th.in  thai 
nr\  l!ir  ;Mt  toali  01  .\iiiiiic,i,  under  tiie  i.ime  parallel 
of  larirrde.  Tii.-  ni'rcurv  in  the  theriii'imi  :er  never, 
even  in  the  ni;',ht,  fill  lower  than  4:  (lri;ree>  .  and  very 
often,  in  the  day,  it  role  to  60  (le!;Te<.  No  li./ll  wr.s 
perceive  I  oil  am  of  the  low  jrrntin  i ;  but,  en  the  ton- 
traiy,  vegetation  ppneeded  very  biilkly  ;  lor  prals  vv.n 
ken,  at  tliis  ti.i;e,  upwards  of  a  loot  Ion:'. 

1  lie  trees,  of'vNlich  the  wo.id-  are  parliciihilv  com. 
poled,  are  the  Canadian  pine,  white  c^prcl;,  and  two 
or  three  other  forts  of  pine.  The  two  rirll  r.re  in  the 
gn  '.lell  abiin  iaiice,  and,  at  a  dillance,  niemble  e.ich 
other;  though  they  are  ealily  didim^iiiihfd  on  a  neaur 
view-,  the  cyprcls  Iviajjofa  paler  jtreen  th.in  flieothc. 
In  q  neral,  the  trees  trniw  here  with  f^rerit  \i:;,:iir,  ami 
are  of  .1  large  li/e.  .Ai  this  early  li  iton  (i|  the  vear  was 
Icen  but  liitle  vaiietv  of  other  vendible  piddiii^tiin,, 

.Vbouf  the  riH!>-,  and  Ixir^'er.,  cf  the  wooiis,  were 
found  fonie  lUnwberry  plants,  and  r;li  berry,  currant, 
aiKl  <.'ooh  berry  bullies,  all  in  a  lloiirilliin;»  llate.  '1  here 
Were  alio  a  lew  black  alder  trees,  a  fpccics  ol  low-tliil'le, 
fiime  crow's-t<)ot  with  a  line  ninifon  11  iwer,  and  two 
liirts  of  tiiUhn  ii-nvi.  Some  v.ill  tole  l,-;lies  were  Iten 
jull  budding;  li  nie  young  leeks,  a  liiwll  fort  of  n^'ifs 
and  lome  water  cr<  lies,  befidi  s  a  p/cat  a'niiulaiue  of 
amlii^i-irJ.i.  Within  the  wooi!s  Were  two  Ibrt  of  uiidci- 
woc  I  llirubs,  unluiown  to  our  ii.ittiral'itls. 

.Ml  the  aiiiiu.ils  leen  alive  here  v.ere  two  or  three  ra- 
Ciiin-,  m.irtins,  and  li]uirrtls.  Sotiif  of  our  jienple, 
indeed,  who  landed  on  the  continent  on  the  linith-e.ill 
lide  ot  the  f  iiind,  law  the  prints  of  a  bear's  (eet,  not 
far  from  the  f'c.ore.  The  principal  acvount  given  of 
the  (|uadriipeds  is  taken  from  the  Ikins  whiih  were 
purrhakd  of  the  lni...bitants ;  and  tliet'e  were  totneiime.s 
lo  mutilated  in  tlie  heads,  taib,  and  [niws,  that  it  Cf.iild 
not  he  lii'tingtiiiht-d  to  what  animals  thiy  bilui'-ed; 
tliou^'h  others  were  eitiier  lo  pcrftct,  or  lo  well  known, 
that  tliey  did  not  admit  a  daub:  .;hnut  tlum.  The 
moll  common  aiiv)iii»  them  were  beirs,  deer,  f^Ae?, 
and  wolves.  Hears  Ikins  are  veiy  plcr.tifal,  gcneraJiv 
oi  a  iV.ininj:;  bkn !;  colour,  but  n'.t  very  I.'ij^e.  'I'h-- 
dccr-lkins  wire  Mot  fj  plcnrif;!,  ai.d  aj  pearc.lto  bel;;n^', 
t )  what  the  h:::(ir;an:.  of  C;iroii:ia  call  die  f..lluw  deer'; 
thoiijih  Mr.  Pennant  diliiiinuiihis  it  by  the  n.imc  of 
\  irginian  deer,  and  tlunks  it  (piire  .1  ditt'eren:  f'-ecies 
frcni  ours,  'llieir  fi'xes  arc  numerous,  andoflevcml 
v,iri.rie> ,  the  Ik.ns  (;f  lome  bciiv;  yWlow,  witii  a  black 
tip  at  the  talc;  otiii-rs  of  ,1  revkiilii  vi  ilow,  intermixed 
"idi  black;  and  otJiirs  of  an  alh  colour,  alii)  interim;  ed 
wiiii  black. 

When  the  llsiii.  were  li)  mutilared  as  to  admi*  of'  a 
doubt,  our  peo]de  applied  the  name  ot  fox  i  1  wolf  in- 
tlifcriminately.  .At  Itpijtii  tlicy  met  witli  an  enrint 
wolfs  Ikin,  and  it  was  priy.  Here  is  the  common 
martin,  the  pine-martin,  and  another  of  a  iiphter  brown 
colour,  'liie  ermine  is  alli>  ii)und  in  tiiis  lountrv,  but 
is  Imall,  and  not  very  (cinmon.  Its  hair  is  not  reniuk- 
ably  line,  ihouyh  the  animal  is  entiiciv  white,  except 
about  an  inili  ,it  the  tip  of  the  t.ul.  Tiie  r.icoons  and 
liiuirrels  are  luih  as  arc  common,  but  the  latter  is  not 
lo  large  as  ours,  and  has  .1  ruily  colour  extending  the 
length  ci'  lUr  back. 

C);ir  natiiralilU  uere  fufficiently  clear  rrfuedin'^  the 
anmials  already  mentioned;  bi,c  there  are 'two  orhers 
that  tl-.ry  could  not,  with  any  cert.iir.rv,  didiii:;uilb. 
One  of  them  was  concluded  to  be  the  elk  or  mouli:  ileer ; 
P.r.:\  tl'.e  '!ther  was  loniectiired  to  be  the  wild  car,  or 
hnx.  ll(,g>!,  dop,  and  goats,  have  not  vet  iii.idc 
their  p.ppc;rance  in  this  place.  N  .r  have  the  nativei 
any  knowled;?e  of  our  brown  rats,  tti  whieh  they  appli- 
ed the  name  they  t'ive  to  tiiuirrclt,  when  they  law  lUem 
on  board  the  Ihips. 

The  lea  animals  near  the  coall  are  whales,  porpo'fes 
a;;d  Irals;  the  latter,  lioui  the  iJ.ir..,  Win,  li-er.ied  tc 


to 


oe  oi  a  coii.nujn  l<:rt.     The  pnrpoife   is  the  l>knun.i. 
1  hough  the  lea-otter  is  amphibuus,  it  may  b<' conli- 
■'■■led  as  behmgini^  to  this  clals,  as  \n  ,n-  ptincipally  in 
'-  ^^•'^  doubted,  lor  l«iiie   titiie.  whether 
1 


(ie 

the   '.varer. 


ti.e 


;,\ 


1 1 


IV 


tiil'liT  th:in  fliit 

i.;::if  I'.ir.iili-I 

H'liii  u  r  never, 

■,;rc      .I'lil  viry 

N  I  ii..ll  v.r.s 

lit,    (Ml  tllC  tOII- 

-,  lor  [',rah  vv.n 

i::. 

uiiiMiIjily  corn- 

pnts,  ami  t»i> 

hrll   r.re   i;i  t.'n* 
ri  lcml>l<*  I. I'll 

<M  (in  a  lUMiiT 

rluin  tlic  otlic. 
r:it  vij^.  iir,  ami 

(1  t!ic  vrar  was 

pKiiiiiiitii'iis. 
R"  wcioiN,  wer? 

xrry,  ttiir.iiir, 

1:;  llatc.   '1  liere 

f^  111  low-lliililr, 

«(■-,  an;l  tw.-i 

lii-i  were  Iten 

il  tort  of  i^rafs 

alnimlaiKc  of 

>  liirt  of  uiidi!- 

s. 

wo  or  thrfp  ra- 
ol  (lur  j^cnjle, 
n  t!ic  l();i:li-e.i(l 
orar's  (eer,  not 
.mint  given  of 
IS  wluih  were 
were  fimciime.^ 
I'S  tliai  it  (MilJ 
:lu  y   Iv  l.i:i';ej  ; 

lo  Well  kno>vn, 
It  tlum.  'I'lic 
rs,  (leer,  foxes, 
•.tilul,  generally 
ry  l.iroc.  'I'ii^t 
learc.l  to  bfl;;n:f 
llie  Loiuw  ikcr ; 
ly  the  nanic  of 
liitlerciit  I'-'eifs 
',  and  of  lc.i.rnl 
N,  with  a  blark 
!'!«',  iiufrmixetl 

a!li)intern;i;ei.i 

to  ailmi"  (if  a 

liX    (il     wolf   III- 

wkIi  jh  cnririr 
s  the   toinnioii 

a  iigluer  drown 
lis  toimtry,  hut 

is  not  rejinrlv- 
•  wiiire,  except 
le  racoons  aiul 
le   latter   is  not 

extending  the 

rffpeilinf»  the 
.'.re  two  otiiers 
ry,  diiliiigiiilh. 
ornioiilcdeer  J 
lie  wiKl  I  at,  or 
n(;t  yet  made 
ave  tlie  nativcj 
litli  they  appli- 
1  they  law  tncni 

lies,  porpo'les, 
(I),  'ier.iej  to 

s    til.-    I'iwi.dhl. 

nuy  lie  conli- 

A  piiiifipally  in 

time,  whetlier 

the 


f 


f         ( 


(  /y////v/y^/JJANI\ll.s'.v.     ^'/r.  4/.>//  ///  yiiy.iH<i{\\'l\\  ^li///.i/i,i  f't/  ^h//,i/.    /tu/ir/t///. 


'/''  ^'WYVV.WV^WK,'  ///'I  I  //  ///<  '  ^rt  /;///;,//  ///I   //,) ///i  ///  i  .i //<//////>. u/,  '/.•frl    .•    ////'  /f''' 


'7 


/  '      '       / 


III'       '■       ^    ' 


If   •  .  j; 


■%\ 


.■I 


New  DiicovtRii;"; 

th'*  (kins  wliii  h  il 

•lirk)f\jj;nl  to  ilut  .1 

(Icj'.iitiirr,  a  whole 

li.mi-  (liaiificri,  of 

It  v,a»  voiin;^,  wiij 

j^ldllv  bl.uk  loluiir 

wiili  whitr  }',.ivf  ir 

tliroat,  anil  hrraK, 

»\liitci  ami,  ill  ma 

tlic  whole  Uii[;tli  I 

c-iitt'my  teeth  ;  two 

finall,  iimi  plicrd  i 

inuKlk'.      Ill  thtle 

hv  the  l^iilli.iiis,  ai 

(eit  fV)t  Ix'in^  IkJ! 

api^eareil  a  ^iiMter 

hv  tlioli'  who  ilrlir 

jiroliably  that   fhei 

place  at  the  ilill'ei 

yoiinf^  ones  had  ni 

iltrni-arh  ;  but  tliol 

fcnlH-il  hail  a  ^nrM 

thi-y  have  attamed 

roloiir,  vsluv  h  is  IV 

jierioil  thty  have  a 

ti-w   long   hairs. 

older,  were  ot  a 

of  a  pcrleft  yellow 

tainiv  liner  than  tl 

ronlei]nentlv  the  d 

rita,  where  (o  vali 

prnciired,  oiiplu  c 

ot  lome  conlequen 

Birds  are  far  (W 

that  are  to  be  feen 

to  their    being   c< 

either  to  eat  them, 

to  be  worn  as  orn; 

not  ilirti-rinp  in  thi 

jay  or  ina!.',[)ie  ;  th 

linging  bm'  heari 

eai^le,  witii  a  whi 

hawk,  a  heron,  at 

tilher.  There  arc 

tinned  by  thole  w 

The  two  Mrit  arc 

fomewhat  Imaller 

the  bark,  having 

iierk,  and  breall, 

with    propriety    1: 

pecker.      I'he  oti 

back  is  of  a  dull 

black  :  the  belly  I 

it  has  alli>  a  blue 

part  of  tlie  wing! 

upper  part   blackl 

Jkle,  from  the  an 

neck,     '['he  third 

not  larger  than  a  1 

and  neck,  aii.l  wli 

brown  colour,  wi 

wings,  of  the  fize 

humming   birds, 

the  numeiou.i  fort 

animal. 

The  (jUi-bratlt;: 
ofl' the  coall ,  aiid 
found.  There  ai 
which  was  black, 
and  had  a  red  bill 
the  greater  luviri: 
northern  coiintric 
twice  feen  (lying  i 
found  another  Un 
not  unlike  the  bu 
bling  a  common 
Though  the  va 
are  more  plentiful 
No.  45. 


N'rw  DiicovKi'.!!'.") 


N  O  U    1    II       AM  r.  R  I  C  A. 


48  J 


tif  (kins,  wliiih  ilr  natives  fiiKI  for  otter  (kins,  really 
•brkjfi^nl  to  th.it  .iiiim;.!;  I"it  h  (hurt  time  l)rliire  their 
ilcpmmrrr  a  wliole  one,  jiill  killrJ,  w.is  purduliJ  (n  in 
(i>inc  (hanfirrt,  of  which  tin*  p-iintrr  m.ule  a  lirawirip. 
It  *\as  vmin;^,  wvi|',hiii}; '"■''y ''^''"'V-rive  poiimli ;  ot  a 
y}o\\\  hl.uk  loliiiiri  l)iit  many  of  the  hairs  heiit^;  lipt 
with  white  i;ive  ir,  at  fir(h  a  preyilli  call.  'I'lie  (,ae, 
throat,  ami  lireal!,  were  of  a  ii^^ht  brown,  or  yelk)vvifti 
»YhitCi  ami,  in  iii.iny  ol  the  (kins,  that  idiinir  exteniiei! 
the  whole  iiiigth  of  the  billy.  In  rai  h  jiw  it  hail  (ix 
cutting  teeth;  two  of  the  lower  jaw  being  txceeilin^ 
fmall,  anil  pl.iceil  withonr,  at  the  bale  of  tiie  two  in  the 
miiKlle.  In  thc(e  relprrts  it  liiJers  from  tho(e  ((iiiiiil 
bv  the  Uiilliaiis,  ami  .ill'>  in  the  outer  toes  of  the  liiml 
feet  not  bi'inj^  (kirtiil  witn  a  membrane.  Tlierc  alio 
ai'lieareil  a  f;re.iter  v.iriciyaiiii  colour  than  is  nientioiieil 
hv  thod-  who  ilrl(ril)e  (lie  Uullitn  (iaotters.  It  is  mod 
probably  that  the(e  ehaiit^es  ot  colour  naturally  t.ike 
place  at  the  ililVereiit  f^ra<!ation.s  of  life.  'I'lic  very 
yoiinfi  ones  had  eo.irli-  l-.rown  hair,  with  a  little  tiir  uii- 
tlernearh  ;  but  thole  of  the  fize  of  the  animal  juft  cle- 
fcrilx-il  hail  a  ^'.reater  qnaniity  of  that  fubdance.  After 
they  have  attameil  their  tuli  growth,  they  loli:  the  blaik 
roloiir,  whuh  is  (ucceeclni  by  a  iiee[)  brown.  At  that 
period  they  have  a  f>ieater  i]nantity  ot  fine  fur,  ami  very 
few  long  hairs.  .Some,  which  were  liippofed  to  be 
older,  were  of  a  thcduit  brown  ;  and  lome  (ew  were 
of  a  perlei'l  yellow.  The  (iir  of  thele  creatures  is  ccr- 
tainlv  liner  tiiaii  that  of  any  other  animal  known  ofj 
conleijuentlv  the  ililf  overy  of  tliis  part  of  North  .Ame- 
rica, where  (o  valuable  an  article  of  commerce  is  to  be 
procured,  ought  certainly  to  be  conlidcrcd  ,as  a  matter 
of  (ome  conlequence. 

Birds  are  far  fror.?  beinp  numerous  here,  and  thofe 
that  are  to  be  feen  are  remarkably  Iliy,  owin,;,  pcrhr.ps, 
to  their  being  e^ontinually  harrafled  by  the  natives, 
either  to  eatthem,  or  become  polTelTors  of  theirfeai.icrs, 
to  be  worn  as  ornaments.  Thele  are  crows  and  ravens, 
not  didering  in  the  lead  from  thofe  in  l-'ngland  ;  alfo  a 
jay  or  ma!.',[)ie  i  the  common  wren,  wliich  i>  the  only 
linging  buil  heard  j  the  Canadian  thrull; ;  the  brown 
eagle,  with  a  white  head  and  tail ;  a  finall  (pecies  of 
hawk,  a  heron,  and  the  large-crettcj  American  king- 
(ifher.  There  arc  al(i)  (i)me  that  have  not  yet  been  men- 
tioned by  thole  who  have  treated  on  natural  hidory. 
The  two  drit  arc  a  fpccies  of  wood-peckers.  One  is 
fomewhat  Imalier  than  a  thrudi,  of  a  black  colour  on 
the  back,  having  white  ("pots  on  the  win^^s;  the  he.ad, 
neck,  and  bread,  of  a  irim(()ii  colour ;  whence  it  might 
with  propriety  be  called  the  ycllow-bellu'd  WiioJ- 
peckcr.  The  other  is  larger,  and  more  elegant;  the 
back  is  of  a  du(ky  brown  colour,  richly  waved  with 
black  :  the  belly  has  a  rcddidi  call,  with  black  (pots : 
it  has  alii)  a  black  (pot  on  the  bread ;  and  the  lower 
part  of  tlie  wings  ami  tail  are  of  a  fcarlet  colour ;  the 
upper  part  blackilli.  A  cririilon  dreak  runs  On  each 
fide,  from  the  angle  of  the  mouth,  a  little  down  the 
neck.  'I'he  third  and  fourth  are,  one  oftlie  dnch  kind, 
not  larger  than  a  linnet,  of  a  dulky  colour,  black  he.nl 
and  neck,  an.i  white  bill ;  and  a  land-piper,  o(  a  dulky 
brown  colour,  with  a  broid  white  band  acrofs  the 
wings,  of  the  dze  of  a  dnall  pidgeon.  There  ate  alio 
humming  birds,  which  dilVcr,  in  Come  degree,  from 
the  numerou.s  torts  already  known  of  this  delicate  little 
anim.d. 

The  (jiiibrantahutdbb,  diags,  and  gulls,  were  leen 
od'tlu'  coad  ,  and  the  two  lad  were  alio  frequent  in  the 
found.  There  arc  two  forts  of  wild  ducks ;  one  of 
which  was  black,  with  awhitelicad;  the  other  wiiite, 
and  had  a  red  bill,  but  of  a  larger  (ize.  Here  are  alio 
the  greater  luninu,  or  diver,  which  are  found  in  our 
northern  countries.  Some  (wans,  too,  were  once  or 
twice  feen  dying  in  the  northward.  On  the  Ihores  was 
found  another  liind-piper,  about  the  dze  ot  a  lark,  ami 
not  unlike  tlic  bune ;  alto  a  plover,  very  much  relem- 
bling  a  common  lark. 

Though  the  variety  of  fidiis  not  very  great  here,  they 
are  more  plentiful  in  qiiautity  than  birds.  The  principal 
No.  45. 


lorts  arc  the  coiivTion  Iifrrinp,  wliich  ,irc  very  rume- 
roiis,  though  not  exceeding  leven  indies  in  length  i  a 
Imalier  (iirt,  which,  though  larger  than  t!ic  anchovy, 
or  fardine ,  is  of  the  fame  kind ,  a  filver-colourc J 
bream,  and  another  of  a  gold  brown  colour,  with  nar- 
row blue  diipes.  It  is  mod  probably  that  the  lierrings 
and  l.irdines  come  in  large  llioals  at  dated  fcafiins  a»  is 
ulual  with  thole  kind  of  tiili.  The  two  f  rts  of  breams 
may  be  reckoned  next  to  thrfc  in  cpiantityj  and  thofe 
wliici)  were  full  grown  wcifijlied  about  a  p  jund.  The 
other  rifli  were  iLarce,  a:;.!  coulidcd  of  a  brown  kind  of 
fiulpin,  fell  as  are  t.ikeii  on  the  coall  of  Norway; 
another  ot  a  rcddilli  cad  i  tiodtini;  a  large  one,  withoiit 
leak's,  ri  lirmbling  tiie  bull-headj  anil  a  fm.dl  brownifh 
cod,  with     whiiilh    fpots.     Shirki    alf)    frequent   the 


''"•  natives  had  in 
lie  ot!:er  marine  aniinals  an;  a  finall 


iIm 


blubber,  liar  llih,  fmall   crabs, 


their  i)olie(rion.     Tli 

criiciated    mediil'i,    or 

and  a  large  cuttit  -filli. 

About  the  rocks  there  is  abiindanrc  of  large  mufcles, 
and  al(i)  fea-ear<.  Shells  of  a  pretty  l.-rge  diamu: 
were  tiiund :  alio  (ome  /)oc/i;  of  two  fpecies,  a  curious 
kind  of  iiinrrx,  rugged  wilks,  ir.d  a  Ihail.  Beddes 
thele  three  are  loine  plain  cockles  anil  limpets.  Many 
o(  the  mufcles  are  a  (pan  long;  in  t'oine  of  which  there 
are  l.irge  pearls,  but  they  are  ilifagreeable  both  in  co- 
lour and  (hape.  It  is  probably  that  there  is  red  coral 
either  in  the  tiiuml  or  on  the  coad,  large  bunches  of  it 
having  been  feen  in  the  canoes  of  the  natives. 

The  only  npiiies  oblervcd  here  were  brown  fnakes, 
about  two  feet  in  length,  having  whitilh  drii)es  on  the 
bai  k  and  fides ;  and  brownilh  water  lizards.  The  for- 
mer are  f'o  perfectly  harmlefs,  that  the  natives  were 
ken  to  carry  them  alive  in  their  hands. 

The  infecl  tribe  teem  to  be  ir.ore  numerous:  for  tho' 
the  teafon  of  their  appearance  w.as  only  beginning, 
fcveral  diderent  liirts  of  butterflies  were  feen,  all  of 
which  were  common.  Some  humble  bees  were  found  ; 
all()  fome  goofehcrry  moths,  a  lew  beetles,  two  or  three 
forts  of  dies,  and  llniie  mufkcios. 

Though  our  pe.  iple  (iiund  both  iron  and  copper  here, 
they  did  not  imagine  that  either  of  tin  m  bel(jnged  to 
this  pl.'ce.  They  did  not  even  (ix  the  ores  of  any  me- 
tal, except  a  coarfe  red  ochry  l.jbllance,  ufed  by  the 
natives  in  painting  or  tl.iining  theml'elves.  'I'his  may, 
[jcrliaps,  contiin  a  tln.iil  <]uantity  of  iron;  as  may  alio 
a  black  and  white  j  igmcnt  made  ule  of  for  the  lame 
|nir|iole. 

I'.xclufiv?-  of  the  rock,  wliicli  conditutes  the  fhores 
and  mountains,  were  leen,  among  the  natives,  fome  ar- 
ticles ot  hard  black  granite,  which  was  neither  very 
conip:;Ct,  or  dne  grained ;  alio  a  greyilh  whetdone, 
the  common  oiM^one,  and  a  black  tort,  little  inferior 
to  the  horn- done.  'I'hc  natives  were  leen  to  ule  tran- 
l])arent  leafy  glimmer,  and  a  brown  leaty  or  martial 
lort.  'I'hty  li.ul  alio  jjieces  of  rock  cryllal.  The  two 
lird  articles  were  [irob.ibly  to  be  obt.iincd  near  the  Ipot, 
as  they  had  confiderable  quantities  of  tliem  ;  but  the 
latter,  it  may  be  luppoled,  came  from  a  greater  dit- 
tance,  or  is  extreme!;/ Icarce ;  t()r  the  natives  would 
nut  part  wi'.Ii  it  without  a  very  valuable  confijeration. 

Iron  is  called  by  the  natives  y(i-.(fW(;.'/c,  a  name  which 
they  alto  give  to  tin,  and  other  wh.ite  metals.  It  being 
f )  common  among  them,  our  people  were  anxious  to 
ditcover  how  it  could  be  conveved  to  them.  As  foon 
as  they  arrived  in  the  louiul  .iiey  perceived  that  they  had 
a  knowledge  of  tialtic,  and  an  inclination  to  purlue  it; 
and  were  afterwards  convinced  that  they  h.ad  not  ac- 
quired this  knowledge  t'rom  a  curli)ry  interview  with 
any  drangt  rs,  but  it  (iemed  habitual  to  them,  and  as  a 
[)radice  in  which  they  were  (killed. 

With  whoiTi  they  carried  on  this  traffic  admitted  of 
doubt;  for  thougii  fev«ral  arricles  of  Kuropean  manu- 
fadure  were  ieeii  among  them,  orfuch,  at  lead,  as  hacl 
been  derived  from  Ibmc  civilized  nation,  particularly 
brafs  and  iron,  it  does  not  follow  th.it  they  were  re- 
ceived immediately  from  tlule-  nation^ :  fiir  out  people 
never  could  obtain  the  lead  iniormation  of  their  liaving 
6  G  feen 


4R(5        A  N!  V.',  KC^YAI.,  an, 


AlTlilNTIC  .^YSn-M 


rM\I,U>AL  C;!.0i;MA!'1!Y 


4 


f   ' 


•f' 


I 


)"cen  lliipi  liKc  iln'iis  I'r  ol'  i!;cir  luuin.i'^  hccii  i-nLni[H-il 
i;i  comnicrcc  with  Uich  ];to|ilc.  M.my  cirnin.lt.'.iHts 
concur  t(i  prove  tliU  witlmiit  ;i  d  lubt.  On  the  arrival 
of  the  lla|-s,  they  v.'cre  e.umil  in  their  emuiiiie!.  whe- 
t!ier  our  i  e'^i'lc  iiic.iiU  to  letile  amon^^il  tiieni,  iiilorin- 
iiig  tlieiii  .u  tiie  Unie  time,  tiiat  they  gave  them  woiul 
X)d  water  irom  inoti\e.'>  ot' riienJ.ll-.i[).  I'his  liitlieieniiv 
proves  that  they  eonrKieri\i  iheiiileht's  as  propiietoi^ 
ot  the  place,  aivl  tlreaded  liiptrioritv  :  i'.ir  i:  woiil.l  liave 
been  .la  iinnatiiial  eiuiiiiry  if  anv  lliips  f.a.l  lueii  luie 
before,  and  fiippiied  ihemlelves  with  wood  auvi  water, 
and  then  depar:ed ,  for  thev  niii'lu  then  rcUonably  ex- 
pect that  othtrs  would  do  the  l.nne.  It  iiuill  he  ad- 
mitted, indeed,  that  they  exhibitetl  no  iv.ar'^-.  ot  lur- 
prize  at  liehiildin^  fl-.e  lliips:  hut  this  may,  vvitii  great 


j)ropriety,  be  attiilvitevl   to  tlitir  nati 
temper,  and  ineir  wanting  a  t' 


ural   ind 'lerice   ot 
hirll  of  curiolitv.      I'hev 


Were  never  tlartled  at  tlie  repori  of  a  miill.ct,  till  t;,ey 
one  dav  Ibewed  that  liieir  head-dretlci  were  impenetra- 
ble to  their  fpear:,  and  arrows,  wlien  one  ol  our  people 
fliot  a  :m;il\Ct-ball  through  one  ot'  tiicm  th:rt  had  been 
fix  times  I'oided.  Their  allonilliiiRi;:  at  thi.<  plainly 
indicated  their  ignorance  of  tlic  eli'ect  of  lire-arms. 
[his  was  afterwards  very  freqiuntly  conllrmed  wlu-n 
tliey  law  <uir  people  llioot  birds,  at  which  tliey  a('|)earcd 
grea:iv  con(i)iinded.  Their  explanation  ol  tlie  pi-'ce, 
together  wit!,  the  nature  of  its  ojierarior,  with  the  aid 
of  Ihot  and  ball,  ftriick  them  lo  f()rci')i\ ,  's  to  al'brd 
toni'incinj:  proof  of  their  having  .o  pievious  ideas  of 
this  matter. 

C\;fi,!.i  fu.'i  mentions,  tint  though  tome  account  of 
a  voyage  to  this  coall  by  the  Spaniards  in  1774  u  i~75, 
had  airived  in  l-.ngland  before  lie  tailed,  thele  circuui- 
llaiKcs  li!t?icientlv  prove  that  thele  Ihips  had  never 
touched  at  Nootka.  U  has  lince,  indeeil,  a];j-eared 
that  they  were  not  within  two  tlegrees  of  Nootk.i  -,  and 
probably  the  inhabitants  of  that  pLce  never  lieard  vt 
thole  Spanilh  lliips. 

They  iile  tlieir  t0(jls  with  as  much  dex;eritv  as  the 
longet^  praftice  can  aci]uiie.  The  moll  natural  mn- 
Jcfture,  therefire,  is,  tliat  tlicy  tr.ule  for  tlnir  iron 
with  otlier  Intlian  tribes,  who  may  have  fonie  tommii- 
nication  vvith  !-'.t:ropeaii  lettltnicnts  ii[i-)n  tiiat  continent, 
or  receive  it  through  fcveral  inteniicdiiice  nations.  IJy 
the  lame  means  they  probably  obtain  their  brals  and 
copper. 

Not  only  the  rude  m.itciial.,  but  ;^;,ie  manuta^Vured 
articles  teeni  to  '''nd  their  wav  hitiier.  The  brals  orna- 
ments lor  rmi'  3  ,ire  made  in  lo  mallerly  a  manner,  tli.it 
the  bidians  cannot  be  luppoled  capable  ef  labiicating 
them.  The  material  feem  ro  be  l:airopean,  as  the 
American  trii)es  are  ignoran:  of  the  me:li'>d  of  mailing 
brals  i  though  copper  h.is   been  frei]\iciuiy  met    with, 


ilui'liliry,  might  ealilv  be  I'.ilb.ioned  into 

t  " 


ti 


and,  lioni  its  .       ^ 

anv  ll'.ape,  and  poli'.lu.l  If  fuch  a;i';cles  aie  not  ufed 
by  our  tr.ulers  to  1  liidlim's  15.iy  and  Can.ul.i,  in  rluii 
ir.'.tiic  witli  ti'.e  natives,  they  mutl  hive  1  eeii  introduced 
at  N'ootlv.i  fiiiin  Mexico,  whence  it  is  pii;bablc  f.so 
liiver  table  fp( ions  were  tjriginally  ilerived. 

Ctf  '''i  Ti'.v  remarl;s,  that  as  thele  pe.iple  lo  efl'ei;- 
lallydill'er  troin  the  natives  of  the  illands  i'l  I'le  I'aiillc 
Ocean,  ill  their  perliins,  cultoiiis,  and  langiia;;e,  it 
cannot  be  I'uppolld  that  their  refpeitive  [iroginitors, 
belonged  to  the  lame  tribe,  when  tiiey  enii[:rattd  into 
thole  places  wluie  thiir  deUeivi.in's  were  t.iund. 

Our  people  having  eon, pleated  their  defigiis,  and  put 
tlie  Ihips  into  a  proper  condition  tor  tailing,  they  got 
under  way.  I'iicy  weie  atteiuled  by  the  natives  till 
thev  were  almoll  out  of  ilie  liiund  ;  tome  in  their  canoes, 
I  and  othei  ^  on  board  the  lliips.  One  of  the  chiefs,  wlui 
!  had  [uriicularly  attached  himkll  to  (.,7 ';.';  Ci'i'^,  was 
I  .muing  the  l.ill  who  jarted  from  them.  I  he  Captain, 
a  litdt  time  In.'..,,  he  went,  made  him  a  fmali  prelent, 
lor  wliiih  he  received,  in  return,  a  bta.er-lkin  of  a 
much  luperior  v.ilue.  This  occilloned  him  ti>  make 
tome  .iddition  to  his  preluu,  wliuh  |)leali-d  the  ciiief  lb 
highly,  that  he  pieiii.ud  t )  the  Captain  the  beaver- 
Ikin  c!  i.ik  whkii  he  tlien  wore,  and  (;t  v\hich  he  was 
piarticiil.uly  lo;,.l.  .Sniick  with  this  inllance  of  genero- 
fity,  ..nd  rtilhing  him  not  to  be  a  liiii'erer  '''['  iiis  grati- 
tude, C'/.'J./;  Ci'i'k  inliiled  upon  his  acceptance  of  a 
new  bio.id-tword,  with  a  brals  hilt,  with  which  he  ap- 
peared greatly  delighted.  The  ollicers  were  tarnellly 
i.npo'-tunfd  liy  the  <  fiief,  and  many  of  his  countrymen, 
to  pay  them  another  vilit,  who,  by  way  of  induce- 
ment, promiled  to  procure  .1  large  tloiL  of  Il<ins. 

( tiiiiiiii!  (.■>>!  gives  it  as  his  hrm  opinion,  that  who- 
ever may  come  after  him  to  lies  place  will  liml  the 
nati\'es  prepared  with  no  iiuoniiderable  liip|'ly  of  Ikiib, 
being  an  article  of  trade  which  they  could  ol)lerve  the 
l.urojH-ans  were  <  ager  to  ]iorn  I's,  .wX  which  the  l-uro- 
pean^  found  tould  be  puulialea  to  great  advantage. 


Thui  lull.  ~ii,  a>  prifo/iil,  u''iiuli-il  fuvtii  ithirly  to. 
'niji  j'l.iii  ./  S.'th  Aii.ii Hit,  ioniinn:\il,  mluun,  isi. 
^^.  :,/.,(/(  /',/ec  inii  lii/ioirtnl,  n/.-'rJ,  tiial  dij,nhj, 
I'v  I'lii  ifliitiiicJ  K,!!<i'\iii'i  Ca|)t3in  Cook.  In  our  Jt- 
/.iip::i'ii  ft/  Sci'ili  J  I'll- 'I., I,  liT  /(mil,  :,-ii'i  the  fiiiif  pre- 
i./;'ii,  iitiUi  iif'f i\ti luuLn  ik::  .,,7/ei  iln ividjii'ii Ins 
ait.iici.'r  ■( ,;  a  ii/.ti.l:,-  (hitmiUs  0/  t'li  xfptctne  f:  .ivi  he 
il'.il  li  i-'lh'ii  v[ this  ijunuii  oj  ihf  i^lol'r  riir 
.).//,»;  Ill  I  .  .v  ll.>f  li(ii/jii,','it'iis  of  J  man  xilit 
iui>  i'>  ij/iiiiuii'y  lOiih  Jlilid  to  I  lie  :iillyuJhon  und  inlir- 
iHimail  of  ibr  p'lhhi-,  III  tbt  nicjt  iii.fwiluiit  point>  of 
huiu.::  /jdiiuilioi;, 


vijrid  ill 


C      II      A      P. 


1\'. 


BRITISH         AMERICA. 


.T  !•:  c  r  ION    I. 

Cmoi'nt-i /-,(,;,.■,., J  ,.„.  J/,iii/,i\  l!,n-,  l..:i  luUi  ,■  X,u, 
linlii.ii,  i'i, .  Auount  i.j  then  D,h<juii\,  S.ii;i' r.ii, 
lioi    ihii.,!,  C!imalc,    Ho:!,    R,:ii>,    .immdl^,  //.nt;. 


D.f 


the  flfit: I  ( ,    I'lt'rla'iii  ,,   A 


III' 


of  Trade,   J'l,     P>kiu.:Ii  nuinud  i  I  li  fr  i  viti-  Air.mid 

IV  we  w(-e  to  or.-i.d  the  country  cl.iimrd  by  (Jreat 
Britain,  .is  far  a,  'lei  iiiarimr,  have  difi:()vereil  fo 
;he  northward,  we  1, light  llretch  it  to  81  deg.  ;  ,•  mm. 
north  latitude  i  for  f.  lar  our  countrymen,  Haiiin  and 
lludfon,  liiiled,  and  gave  thiir  ixlpeciive  naiiK^  i<)  ti.e 
h.\).,  called  .liter  them. 


The  knowledge  we  liavr  obtain^'.  ..f  liiele  countries 
is  owing  to  the  rei)eaied  attempts  that  have  bi  en  inide. 
t.>  dikover  a  north-well  pallagc  to  the  b  It  Indies. 
Thi".  palfage  was  attemptid  by  l-'orbiibei  m  the  )ear 
i5"i>.  He  difeovereil  the  llr.iit  that  bears  his  name, 
togeilifr  with  the  m.iin  land  of  New  Hritain,  or  1  .a 
br.idor  i  but  failing  in  the  princi|)al  delign,  it  was  laiil 
aiide  till  the  year  IJH5,  when  it  w.is  reviveti  bv  John 
Davis,  who  fiirvcved  the  eoalis  of  babr.idor,  but  tliil 
not  extend  the  dilcoveries  of  his  predecclliir.  HiHin 
and  I  bidlon,  as  before  mentioned,  pcnetiateii  as  far 
as  81  (leg.  -JO  min.  north  l.ittitude,  tome  ye.irs  after. 
I  he  l.itier  m  thele  wintered  ill  this  region  of  ti-nft  illd 
In  -w,  ail  I  V.I, 111  I  probably  have  effected  the  dilcoveiy, 
h.id  not  hii  men  mutinie  I,  and  committed  him,  with 

leveii 


M 

M 


11 


Krv,-  niscovERit'..' 

f'even  of  his  faithful 
lea  in  an  open   lioat 
attempt  wa^   made 
wintered  here,   but 
fign  was  reviveil  b' 
iLince  of  the   i  huh 
neither  inlet  or  liver 
terclls  of  eo!iimerc( 
com|iany  catiU-d  a 
was   perlormed  bv 
ed  l)y  fome  trolly 
employed   more   th 
he  jiroceeiled   Ui  \x 
ilillance  irom  the  c( 
miles,  .ind  a  vall  ir. 
in  that  direction, 
ferriit  tribes  of  bici 
iiomuuitions,    as 
r>(ir[lierii  Indians. 

Whiill  Ciivi.fn  ( 
a  conliiler.'.ble  obic 
toall   of   \(<i;!i   i\: 
Certain  il,  l)v   nu.u 
jMrts  of  tiiiC  conui 
ilupping,  and  a  < 
perior,  the  armeil  b 
of  1776,  to  l").\is'- 
the  eoalis,   and  "be 
view  to  I  I- operate 
poled,  would,  aboi 
<in  the  oopofite  fide 
ing  mane  to  the  lati 
another  commandi-r 
fame    Ihip,    lor   tlu 
proved  no  more  tati 
The  mot'  nortlr 
perly  be  laid   at  Ik 
the  countries  boriK 
lutwten  50  and  6: 
tween    50  .'.nd   95 
bo'-ided  on  the  not 
■  the  (/ole,  on  the  Ic 
ami  (".inaiii,  01,  tli 
on  the  well  by  unk 
So  intenlely  cold 
wiiitereil  in   only  5 
Itarce  able  to  prelei 
p.trt\ ,  although    rv 
a;;.iinll  tnc  cold,  In 
of  timber,  and  '".u  I 
plaillered  over  wiili 
vember  the   cold   I 
tied  beer  bcc.ime  f 
and  I 'laced  near  a  s; 
portable  abroad,  ui 
w.irmell  fui  s.      No 
fland  the  cold  ,   toi 
fro.x- ,  tlie  latter  o 
men  touched  iron, 
gel';  were  lro,en  fi 
ot  brandy  out  ot  a  \ 
with  their  tongue 
was  let't  on  it. 

The  toil  is  in  g 
hut  in  tome  ol  the 
The  mountains 
are  of  a  tiemendi 
with  liiow',  whuh 
the  climate,  and  il 
I'he  rivers  are 
after  the  names  t 
firll  dileovered. 
aiul  I  kidiiin  ;  m  t! 
lefs  note  ;  .uid  the 
and  belleille. 

The  animals  in 
llags,  be.irs,  tigei 
otters,  lynxes,  cri 


it 


.I'llV. 

,lil:iiiiu\i    into 

ail-  nut  iilid 
i.ul.i,  in  tluir 
fii  introiiucfil 
['lobablc  f.\o 

>[)!c  U)  eDt'i;- 
i'l  till'  I'autic 
l.iiii;iM;\i',  it 
[)ri){;i  iiir<iis, 
mil.  lattJ  into 
touml. 

fii^ns,  aiul  put 
Iihl;,  tliey  jiot 
f  natives  till 
I  tlicir  I  anoc'i', 
If  iliicfs,  wIk) 

.■.'/  (.ci'k,    W.1.S 

riif  Captain, 
liiiall  prtlfiit, 
.  tT-lkin  ol'  a 
liiin  to  make 
.1  tl,c  fhicC  lb 
1  the  hi'aver- 
>\!iifli  he  was 
cc  of  gf  nero- 
Iv-  :iib  grati- 
tptancc  of"  a 
rtliicli  111-  ap- 
a-rc  tatiK'ltly 
.  eoiintiyiuen, 
y  "f  inJucc- 
)'Hkin^. 
m,  iliat  wlio- 
"ill  iiiul  tlir 
I'piy  oflkins, 
ki  olilcrvc  tlic 
ill  tlir  1  iifo- 
dvaiit.i^^'j. 


'•iVtitularly  lo . 
ii/iiun,  is  I. 
Ill, J  itiji  rd'CxI, 
III   our   llr- 

the  film-  pre- 
nirdjwmhn 
line  f^  .1(1  he 
r  i'/u/if  rier 
iif  a  vuiii  uhe 
on  (iitil  m/i  I  - 
I  Jilt  iM.'iti  of 


KcW    DiSCOVERIiy,.] 


N  C)  u    r  n       A  M  I.  U   1  C  A. 


4B7 


lit"  countries 

;  incn  iii.ule. 

1   .It    Imlics. 

in   t!ie   jiar 

irs  iiis  name, 

itain,  or  1  .a 

,  it  was  i.ii;l 

veil  In'  j.ilin 

'I'lr,  hut  dill 

lliir.      H.illiii 

tiateil  as   (,ir 

j»: 

years  after. 

1  of  frn(|  .111,1 

n  ilitcovery, 

il  liim,  wiili 

Jeven 

1    : 

feven  of  his  faithful  ailliercnts,  to  the  nicrey  of  the  icy 
ica  in  an  o[ien  lioat,  where  they  perilheii.  'I'he  next 
atteiniit  was  maile  in  i7i(">,  by  CajKain  J'.llis,  who 
wintered  here,  but  alii)  l.iiled  in  it.  In  i~')i  the  ile- 
liizn  was  revived  by  a  Captain  Chrillopher,  at  the  in- 
llance  of  the  t  Iiulfon's  Hay  C(iin[ianv ;  but  lie  found 
neither  inlet  or  liver  wliiih  eould  contribute  to  the  in 
terells  of  Kimmerce.  In  Deci  iiiber  1770,  the  lame 
tom[)any  cauleil  a  j  urnev  to  he  taken  by  land,  which 
was  performed  by  a  giiitleman  in  their  lervice,  attend- 
ed by  liinie  triilly  northern  Indians.  In  this  he  was 
employed  more  than  eighteen  months,  diirint;;  which 
he  proceeiled  to  latitude  72  tleg.  I  lis  moll  wellern 
dillanee  from  the  coall  of  1  liujun's  Hay  was  I'.ear  6:0 
miles,  and  a  vail,  tr.ick  of  continent  llretched  f.irtiier  on 
in  that  direL'lion.  Thele  ni'i.ins  are  inhaiiited  bv  uif 
ferciit  tribes  of  Indians,  who  alii)  f^o  under  various  dc 
nomiiiatiuiis,  as  l)o[.^-ribbeil,  Copper-coloured,  and 
Northern  Indians. 

Whilll  ('.apLrn  Vrrk  was  employed  i:i  his  lall  voynj.'c, 
a  conlider.'.ble  obiivt  of  which  was  to  explore  the  wellrrn 
coall  oi  North  /\merica  in  hi!.;h  l.'.titudcs,  and  to  al- 
ec rtain  if,  by  iiic.ins  of  any  iarue  riveii,  the  interior 
parts  of  tiut  continent  could  hi  ri'iukied  arcrlliblc  bv 
ilupping,  and  a  (ijinniuniiatrn  opined  witii  Lake  Su- 
perior, the  armed  briu  I  .von  was  lent  out,  in  the  lnmmer 
of  1776,  to  n  ivis's  .Straits  and  Halfin's  Hay,  toex|)lo,'-'- 
tlie  coalls,  .mA  obtain  a  iiad'i/^e  on  that  fide,  wiili  a 
view  to  I  I- operate  «uh  ('.i:pta:u  I  ink,  whu,  it  w.is  lup- 
poieil,  would,  about  th.it  time,  be  trying  lor  a  p.illiij^e 
on  the  onpofite  Ikle  of  Amerii  a.  This  attempt  not  be- 
ing maui-  to  il.e  latisfaclion  of  the  board  of  admit  .l;y, 
another  commander  was  lent  out  the  next  yeai,  in  the 
lame  lhi[  ,  for  the  fame  jnnpole;  but  this  voyatje 
proved  no  more  fatisfaCtorv  than  the  former. 

The  mol^  northern  part  of  .America  which  may  [to- 
perly  be  laid  m  bcloiii^  to  (ircat  Hritain,  particularly 
the  countries  bordering  on  I  ludlon's  H.iv,  are  fuuated 
between  50  and  6:  degrees  of  north  latitude,  and  be- 
tween 50  .'.mi  yr,  (leg.  of  well  longitude.  They  are 
bo''ided  on  the  north  by  unknown  lands  and  leas  about 
.the  i^ole,  on  the  louth  bv  the  ()ul|)h  ol  St.  Lawrence 
and  ("anadi,  oi,  the  call  oy  the  .Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
Ol)  the  well  by  unknown  lanil>. 

So  intenlely  coki  in  the  climate,  that  Mr.  I- His,  who 
wintered  in  only  57  deg  70  min.  north  latitude,  was 
Icarce  able  to  prelei  ve  Ins  own  life,  and  the  lives  ol  his 
partv ,  although  every  piecaution  was  taken  to  fence 
againll  tnc  cold,  by  lonllruCting,  a  houle  of  thick  p.iei  es 
o(  timber,  .uid  e.nh  crevice  dole  llulieil  with  mofs,  and 
plaillered  lAer  with  clay  ;  yet,  at  the  beginning  of  No- 
vember tlie  coKI  became  lo  intcnfe,  that  all  the  bot- 
tled beer  bcc.ime  fioi'.eii,  although  packed  u])  in  tow, 
and  placeil  licar  a  good  lire.  The  cold  became  iiifu|)- 
portable  abroad,  iiiilels  they  were  entirely  covered  in  the 
w.irmell  furs.  No  kind  ot  lu|uid,  indeed,  could  with- 
ll.ind  tlie  coUl ;  lor  brandy,  and  even  l(iiiit.s  ot  wine, 
froze,  tlie  latter  only  to  a  conlilleiue  of  oil.  If  the 
men  toiichcil  iron,  or  any  other  folid  lurlace,  their  lin- 
gers were  Iro/en  fill  to  it:  and  if,  in  drinking  a  dram 
of' brandy  out  of  .1  gjals,  they  chanced  to  touch  the  glal's 
with  their  tongue  or  lips,  in  pulling  u  away  the  Ikiii 
was  left  on  it. 

The  foil  1^,  in  general,  birren  in  the  northern  parts, 
!  ut  in  lome  o!  the  louthem  it  is  tolerabiy  frrtile. 

The  mountains  in  this  country,  to^vauis  the  north, 
are  of  a  iiemeiulous  height,  mu\  perpetually  coveted 
with  Inow,  wimh  is  the  caiife  of  the  extreme  rigour  of 
the  climate,  and  the  b..!rennel"s  of  the  li)il. 

The  rivers  are  numerous,  and  called,  in  general, 
after  the  names  of  the  navigators  by  whom  they  were 
firll  dilcovered.  1  he  principal  bays  are  thole  of  Hallin 
and  I  ludloii  i  in  t!ie  latK-r  ol  which  are  liveral  others  ot 
lefs  note;  .i;id  ihi;  llraits  are  thole  of  I  ludlon,  n.ivis, 
and  BelleiP.e. 

The  inimals  in  the  woods  here  arc  moofe-deer,  elks, 
ilags,  be.irs,  tigers,  hiillalos,  wolves,  foxes,  beavtrs, 
otters,  lynxes,  ermines,  li]uirrcls,  wild  cats,  iiarcs,  &;c. 


Of  the  feathered  kind  are  g''efe,  buflards  ducits,  par- 
tridges; and  many  other.s  both  wild  and  tame. 

The  leas  abound  with-  whales,  feals,  coti,  and  .i 
white  fill)  prifer.iblr  to  herrings;  and  the  rivers  an.l 
Itelli  waters  with  pila',  percli,  carp,  and  tench. 

All  the  animals  of  thefe  countries  are  cloathtd  in 
i\in'er  with  a  dole,  loft,  w.irm  fur.  In  the  f'lmmer, 
v/hich  holds  only  for  three  months,  they  are,  as  in 
other  ])laces,  of  a  variety  of  i  olours ;  but  as  loon  as 
the  winter  appro.iches  they  gradually  change.-,  tlie  brafls, 
and  moll  of  the  birds,  becoming  of  the  colour  of  th'; 
fnow.  Indeed,  every  tiling,  anima'e  or  inanimate,  is 
wiiite.  I'A'en  the  liogs  and  cats  carried  from  I'.ngland 
to  I  ludlon's  B.i.y  :ire  fulijecl:  to  the  fime  alteration,  and 
acquire  a  mu.li  longer,  fofrer,  ,'.nv!  tificlier  fur,  than 
they  h.ive  in  their  own  climate. 

I  iere  it  may  be  projier  to  n  mark,  that  the  animals  of 
America,  in  j'.iner.il,  are  nei;f-r  li)  krge  or  fo  fierce  as 
thole  of  .\lia  and  Afric.i.  Hml  then  it  is  to  beoblirved, 
tliat  if  the  (iiiailru|)eds  of  America  are  fmall,  they  are 
more  numerous  than  thole  of  the  old  world.  The 
goat  exjiiTtid  from  b'urope  will,  in  a  lew  generations, 
become,  indeed,  iniiJi  lefs,  bur  it  will  alfo  become 
more  prolr  . ,  producing,  inllead  of  one  or  two  kids 
at  a  time,   tn  e,  Iin,  and  Uimeti'ties  more. 

.As  r'-e  inhibit. 'US  of  thi>  (n\:::try  are  cloatlied  in  the 
Ikiiis  .'■  i)  i\ir^,  a.i  !  as  tl  •■:r  ;  ri-;  ipal  trade  conlills  in 
ih  !(■  !M.,s  it  V. ill  be  pi' ju  to  give  a  defcriptii'n  of 
th  ■:  :i  rious  animal.  ,\  large  beaver  is  abm.t  twer.ty- 
e;^ht  incii'-s  in  leiiijth,  lV:im  the  hind  part  of  the  head  to 
tlie  root  III'  the  i;r.|,  :\:\.\  '.veii'hs  iixty  or  feventy  pounils ; 
but  their  ci  1  r  r  ;-  di'r'ereiitj  in  li.ine  |.>!.ices  they  are 
black,  ill  otheis  wl.'u-,  . ni  in  others  almoll  of  the  co- 
lour of  tl'i  ilnr.  It  is  an  amphibious  animal.  The 
be.iver,  '1  it.  is  !il 

a  gieat  .\.,  lii 
young  ones  .r  i  one.  I'l.-ir  i  lus  are  f'urniflud  with 
''  ••  •  the  upper  cutter  is  two 
■'1,  .Ki'd  the  lower  f  unethiiig 
I  I  vets  over  the  lower  one. 
It  (if  a  rat,  and  the  t.iil  like 
It   ii  ;iboi:;  llii.iteen  iiKiies  in 


'•I  \\ilr  called,  the  callor,  lives  to 
r,a:,'-   t'c  ner.iliv  bring  forth  four 


inches  and   a   h.:U   111   1 
longer.      The  upper  |,- 
The  head  is  iliapul  li 
the  blaile  of  a  pu.  :■ 
length,  and  about  .iii 


.11  tr.K; 


It  is  covered  with  a 


fcaly  fkin  ,  the  kales  Ihm'lT  a  tju.ir;er  of  an  inch  long, 
and  fivlding  over  r.ich  otiier  !;':e  thole  of  a  rilli. 

The  indtiilry,  f.irc'.iglit,  ind  goo'.l  management  of 
thele  aniiii.ils,  are  extremely  fiirpriling,  and  Icarce  cre- 
dible to  thofe  who  never  faw  them.  When  thev  want 
to  form  a  lettlenv.-nt,  three  or  four,  or  m'>re  of  them, 
alfenible  together,  and  rirll  pitch  upon  a  place  where 
they  may  have  iinivifioiis,  inch  as  the  b.ul;  of  trees, 
roots,  or  grafs,  with  everv  tiling  iiecell'aiy  lor  erecting 
their  ediii;''-'',  wi'ich  mull  be  lurrounded  by  water: 
an  1  if  there  be  neither  a  convenient  lake  or  [)')iul,  they 
m  ike  one,  by  ll'>ppiiig  the  coiirle  of  foinc  brook  or 
ri"er.  I''or  this  purool'e  they  cut  down  tree;-,  above 
the  place  w  here  they  they  was  reliilved  to  buiid,  and  t.ike 
their  mealures  fo  well,  as  always  10  make  the  tree  fill 
towards  the  water,  that  they  may  h.we  the  Id's  diil.iiice 
to  roll  it  when  they  h.ive  cut  oil' t!ie  br. niche;.  This 
done,  thev  lloat  it  to  tlie  p.lace  ,i|i|)ointed,  aiul  thele 
pieces  they  cut  bigi'er  or  lel>,  to  fuit  their  convenience. 
Sometimes  they  i.le  the  trunks  of  large  trees,  which 
they  lav  H.it  in  the  water.  Atot!:ers  they  fillen  Hake.,  in 
the  bottom  of  the  channel,  and  then  interweaving  Imal! 
Iiraiiches,  liil  up  the  vacincies  with  day,  mud,  and 
iii'ils,  i'  I'ucli  .1  manner,  a.s  renders  the  dam  very  tigh": 
an  ';  .ecure.  In  thele  works  iheir  tails  lirve  them  fiir 
carts  and  tiMv.ck,  and  their  teeth  fiir  fiws  and  axes. 

I  heir  p;iws  ilipply  the  |>liKe  of  haiuls,  and  their  leet 
I'erve  inlte.ul  of  oars. 

The  conlliiii  lion  of  tlieir  ho;i'i;s  is  no  lels  admirable  ; 
th.cy  are  geiier. lily  built  irion  piles,  at  lome  dilLince  from 
.he  lliore,   l)Ut  loiiieiimesclofe  to  the  banks  ol  tlie  ri'^ers. 

I'liey  lirll   make  holes  at  the  bott'nn  of  the  \'.itcr  for 
planting  fix  polls,  upon  wliicli  e.'ch  ol  their  eilii  'es  is 

built  in  a  moll  cniious  m.uiner      Their  form  is  round, 

with  a  llac    louf.     'I'he  walls  are  two  leet  tliick,  and 

loine:Lme9 


! 


r 
fti! 


i 


i 


1  „■' 


4S3 


A  \F.\V,  ROYAL,  and 


Till  NTIC  SYSTF.M  or  UNIVF.RSAI.  (Jl'.OGRAPIiY. 


rometimesiiiore:  tlu-y  are  formal  of  the  l.une  niateiiils 
as  the  iLiiiis  juft  imMuionid  ;  iiiiJ  cvfiy  jurt  i.s  ll)  will 
iiniilu-tl  that  no  air  can  p'liiibiv  I'liter.  About  two 
t|-,'ri.!>  of  the  i.iiiki.-  ib  rail.  J  above  iho  watc-r :  in  :his 
thiv  lodgf,  and  arc  careful  to  keep  it  eleaii.  They 
have  "Ciit-raily  t!ucc  or  f'ur  ilifiere'it  aveimes  to  each 
lioufe,  which  they  enter  uiuicr  water.  I'o  proviJe 
jirovifions  a^,.iinll  the  winter,  tiiey  draw  the  liick,',  they 
cut  from  the  trees,  and  thriilling  one  end  into  the  mud, 
let  them  he  under  the  watei  to  prelcrve  the  bark  ^»reen 
anil  tender  for  their  winter  provi'.ionv.  Tht  re  are 
f()mctimes  found  cif^ht  or  ten  beavers  in  one  lirnile,  at 
others  not  more  than  three  or  four;  and  let  them  be  as 
numerou.'.  as  they  «ill,  tiiey  all  lodij;e  Mivm  one  lloor. 

The  I  -avers  are  excellent  food  ;  l-.ut  the  toi\aiie  and 
tail  are  the  iiioH  diclii-ioib  parts.  i'he  Indians  loiue- 
tiiiies  roall  tlielc  animals  in  the  I'.uDc  m  inner  as  we  do 
pigs,   fiill  burning  ort"t!:eir  lur. 

Befides  the  fur,  t'le  beaver  [)rixluces  the  true  callo- 
rcum,  which  is  contained  in  bags  in  the  loucr  |)art  ol  tiie 
bellv,  dilferent  from  the  tellicles.  Tiie  vulue  of  this 
drug  is  well  known. 

'I'he  lands  near  tlic  up.per  p.nts  of  ll.idlonV  ';!.iy 
produce  laige  timber,  an^l  plenty  of  herl)a{;e,  and,  it 
properlv  cultivated,  miglit  yield  corn.  '1  holi*  parts 
which  are  low  aiul  mailliy  pr.Hluce  juniper,  .urch, 
poplar,  and  a  fmall  tree  of  the  fprucc  or  fur  kinii  i  but 
ti'.ere  is  little  other  herbage  belides  t!ie  mols. 

In  the  vear  1670  a  charter  was  granted  to  a  com- 
pany condlling  of  about  nine  or  tm  perfons,  known  tiy 
the  appiilaiion  of  t!;e  Ib.kllbn's  Hiy  Company,  ti  r  an 
exclufive  tra.le  to  that  bay,  which  tliey  have  carried  on 
ever  fince  with  L'leat  benef.t  to  themfelves,  though 
comparatively  with  little  advantage  to  tiieat  Britain. 
The  chief  commotiities  are  liir  and  hides  I'his  com- 
pany generally  cinfiloy  four  lliips.  J  iu-y  have  four 
forts,  viz.  Churchill,  Nclfon,  New  .Severn,  and  .Vl- 
banv,  which  Hand  on  tlic  well  fide  of  tlie  bay.  The 
commodities  with  which  the  company  furnilli  tiic  na- 
tives are  guns,  powder,  Ihot.  knives,  hatchets,  bo.uls, 
cloa:hs  both  tor  nun  and  women,  tobacco,  powder 
horns,  combs,  kettles,  lookint.'-gfilles,  and  various 
other  articles,  the  principal  p.nt  uf  wluch  arc  the  ma- 
nufactures of  Cireat  Britain,  ami  in  then'.erc:intile]'.hrafe 
deemed  drugs.  Their  exports  and  imjiorts  arc  not  f) 
confiderablc  a.s  tiie\  were  bciore  the  coi.qucll  of 
Can.ida, 

The  I'uropea:'^,  who  relldc  in  tl-.e  fac'tories  here, 
have  a  pecufur  method  in  prefervmg  tiicir  animal  f  )ot!, 
whether  tlelli  cr  :;;h,  fix  or  leveii  moiithi,  tree  from 
putrcf.icuon.  Tiie  :'.;h  are  caught  in  tlie  winter  bv 
cutting  holes  in  the  ice,  to  which  tlwy  come  lor  air. 
As  loon  as  taken  out  of  tlie  water,  they  arc  immctiiate- 
ly  frozen  and  ilili',  but  may  be  th.'wcd  again  by  bciti'^ 
immcrfcil  in  cold  w.uer.  In  this  manner  th:-  lalt  |)ro- 
vifions  are  thawed  and  tidliencd  here.  Tiic  meat  is 
let  down  through  a  hole  in  tlie  ice  i;ito  the  water,  and, 
in  a  Ihort  time,  becomes  tiift,  pli.ible,  and  eats  tteij; 
whereas  if  roalled  or  boiled  in  ii>  frozen  llatc,  it  W'uld 
tat  as  it  rotten,  and  be  nanfeous  to  the  pii.ite.  1  iuis 
they  are  w;  11  luppliid  with  iklh,  tilli,  and  tnul  all  the 
Near  round. 


iVr/cii>,   /X>/,  n.:ht.:f 


•■r,.,  Cj. 


tov:^,  e..  ,/  '„.  /,./,,/,ij,.   ■:,  (.//hi;  l{.,.'IJ;r.n-r.: 

Till-,  na'ivcs  finiatiil  on  the  ■•vulti.i  lOiid  of  iluJ- 
lijn's  Bav,  in:uprc'"  n  1,1.;'  tlie  \r.-.  \'i>rth  aiid 
.South  \\  .lies,  are  ol'  tlu.  nii.liiji-  Ii.  1  ,  ,1  .,|  ,,{  :\  fipper 
loloiii.  'i'ii-.-y  I'.av,!  bill '.  I  vi-,,  an  1  f .;:  ■,  1.;,...,  b  .1,  k 
li.iiri  Init  _th.-ir  '•  -r  .;,  ■,  v.,'v  ...  m  f-.uK.pe.  1  li.  y  ;,re 
of  a  cheerl'ul  dilj)..i,;;.,ii,  1:1,1. inatuied,  a:;'.:bl:,  fiiend- 
ly,  .mti  li(jne!t  in  ti.i.;!  i.ealini^j. 

In  fumnicr  the  men  .i;e  cl,..i',hi.i  m  ailole  c-j.itmide 
of  a  blanket,  wliiin  thry  ijuy  of  the  Imv'JiIIi  I'rttl.  i'  in 
tluir  neii^hbourhorul.  l'!;i;y  have  a  pan-  of  iejther 
(T)ckings,  v.ii.ch  reach  Ui  iiigli  ,1,  to  lerve  aiio  tor 
L;  teches ;  and  th'jir  lliuc^  :;:\:  m.i.le  of'  il\-  lame  materials. 

i 


J'iie  clratiis  of  the  women  diller  from  thf>lc  of  thf 
men  only  by  their  genci.illy  wearing  a  pettico.it,  that  in 
winter  comes  a  little  lower  than  iheir  knees.  '1  heir  or- 
dinary a]iparel  is  m.ide  ol  the  Ikins  ol  a  lieer,  otters,  or 
bciver,  wi'h  the  hair  on  the  fur  of  them.  The  llecves 
ofii'.eir  upper  habit  are  gener.'.ily  tied  on  with  liringsat 
tlie  Ih.oukkrs,  fo  that  their  .irm-pits,  even  in  the  dc[)tli 
of  u inter,  are  rxpofe^i  to  the  dll,  whiclt  they  iinagin-' 
C'liitributes  to  tlieir  health,  'iluir  ililealt,,  indeed, 
are  but  few,  and  thole  g.cneraljv  arite  from  colds  catit;ht 
after  drinking  tj  irituous  liqu.ir.',  which  they  boy  of  the 
I'.iigli.li :  and  it  is  melancholy  truth,  that  tlule  w!io 
live  i;ear  the  fettlements  of  the  I  hidfon's  Bay  Com|-anv, 
are,  by  tlrunkenne's,  become  meagre,  fmall,  inJoicnr, 
ar  I  harJK-  able  to  encounter  the  liardlhips  (.f  the  coun- 
try; whiiv-  thot'e  who  li\e  .'.t  a  dilLince  a.-e  hardiv,  vi 
gorous,  and  active. 

They  d«xl'  in  tents  covered  with,  mcoli-  ai',,1  lieer- 
IInIiis  li:we,!  tojalur.  I'Lcle  are  ot  a  ( iru;fir  fiirm, 
jirobai'lv  on  account  ot  its  bei:  g  moll  capacious  and 
convenient  titr  their  lilting  round  the  tire,  which  is  in  the 
midd!  .  riuy  are  formed  ol  [loles,  whicli  are  extended 
at  the  bottom,  and  at  tiic  ';op  jean  to  the  center,  where 
a:i  opciiing  is  Ktt  to  admit  the  light,  and  let  out  the 
fnvi.ik,  1  hey  Itrew  t'le  tl.ior  with  t:ie  tops  of'  pi.ie- 
trees  and  lie  with  their  teet  to  the  tire,  and  their  heads 
to  the  li.les  of  the  tint.  The  entrance  is  grner.illy  on 
tile  loiiih  welt  fide,  and  ihey  g  '  in  by  lilting  w^^  one  of 
tile  ikins,  to  whii'li  is  lailened  a  [liece  of  Itick  1  >  make 
it  flap  cfife. 

Tiicyhive  no  depiiidence  f  jr  fubfillence  nn  th-  fruits 
oi  tlie  lanh,  but  live  entirely  on  tiie  .iniiii.i!'-  tliev  take 
in  hiiiuiiiL',  or  catch  in  traps.  '1  luy  every  le.'.lon  in.ikc 
a  prodiguni,  llaughter  among  the  d.eer,  from  the  ahfurd 
opinion,  that  the  more  they  drllioy  the  greater  plenty 
will  fucceed  ;  hence  they  fomctimes  leave  thrir  or  four 
hundred  de.ul  on  the  plans,  taking  out  only  their 
tongues,  ar.d  l.'\v/ig  tiieir  carcalles  either  to  rot,  01  be 
devoured  by  t!ic  wikl  bealls.  At  oth'-r  times  tliev  at- 
tacic  them  in  the  water,  and  bring  great  numbers  on 
lloats  to  tlie  l.id'iiies.  I'luv  alio  live  upon  bird^,  and 
ever,  feed  on  eagles,  hawks,  crows,  and  owls,  ,is  well 
as  on  partridges,  wild-ceele,  and  ducks.  1  l;ev  gene^ 
ra':;y  b nl  tliejr  tkih,  and  eat  it  by  iti'elt',  drinking  the 
w.i:er  it  is  boiled  in,  wliidi  tfi<  y  elieetii  verv  whole - 
louii- :  and  in  'lie  fime  manner  ;i;i  v  drels  their  liih, 

I  hcle  ignorant  people  lia\e  m.inv  amiable  (loilities. 
Tin  le  are  intl'i.-nced  in  their  beiiaviour  by  narur.il  love 
oj  rectitude,  that  rellrains  them  iiom  .lii  acts(;l  vi;)lcnce 
and  in|ullice,  as  ttle.'tualiy  as  the  moll  rig  irous  laws. 
The  chiefs  ol  every  family  "r  ttilie,  who  are  pencrallv 
tiiofen  firjin  among  the   moll 


iilu.illy  for  their  lioll   in   lui:. 


ancient  ot  the  t>cop-l<-, 
i'-U  t!;cir  experience  in 
trade,  and  their  valour  in  war,  in  which  they  lie(|iiint!v 
eng.ige,  direct  th' le  wlio  nlide  with  th.em  in  tiieirditr.r- 
ent  emplovnunts;  bi.t  their  advice  is  r.irhcr  followed 
thoogli  deleiencc  and  rclj'ect,  than  Irom  any  compul- 
live  ot.iligation. 

Ti'.ey  h.ivi',  however,  foinr  cnlhims  whiih  imiil  ap- 
pear very  whimlical,  and  ct.'i'  i-  iii.it  ar  ■  extremely  criiek 
It  Is  elteenud  .1  great  o/ience  f,r  a  woman  to  Ihidenver 
the  Ii-f,'s  ol  a  iii.in  when  he  fus  <  n  thegroun  ! ;  ami  they 
even  mink  it  beii'atii  th.-m  to  dtiiik  out  of  tiie  liime  vef- 
fel  witli  their  wives.  Iluy  luive  another  uilbjii)  tliat 
mull  appear  lliocking  to  every  humane  min.l,  and  in 
vvhiili  they  are,  in  loiiu;  mealure,  imit.ited  by  the  Hot- 
tentots. The  hitter  expole  tlieir  p.irents,  when  labour- 
ing un  ler  the  inllrmiii,  s  of  old  age,  to  |)erilli  with  hun- 
!.".r,  or  I)  be  dcvMii(  d  bv  wdd  be-dts  j  and  thele 
wretches  llrangle  th':rs:  lor  when  tlieir  jiarcnts  grow 
I)  oil  .IS  to  be  un.'i'e  to  lii|->p.irt  ihemulvis  by  their 
ownlabjur,  they  re.'uire  their  liiiklren  to  lli.uigle  them, 
and  their  pi,  nmi.ig  it  is  elleemnl  .in  ai't  of  duty. 
This  is  dour  in  tlieljllowing  niant.er:  '1  he  ol.l  pcrli.n's 
grave  bei:  ■>  d  ' ;,  he  fo-'s  into  ii,  a:;.],  after  liavini; 
converfed  ;md  Ini'j.iked  hi.  pij-e,  or  perhaps  drank  ] 
dia.i.  or  t.v.)  witii  iiis  cl-.ilviien,  he  in.i.rms  them  th.nt  he 
IS  rea.ly;  upon  wiiich  two  of  them  pur  a  th(jn>j  about 

hiii 


KtW    DlSCOVtHlLS.] 


PHY. 

tliolc  of  tlir 
ito.ir,  tint  in 

i.      I'lii'iroi- 

■r,  otters,  or 

riic  (Iccvcs 

ivitii  liiiDgs  :it 
in  tlif  ck-[)tl) 
till  y  ininr^ii!" 

iMlc:.,  inikri), 
\)li.is  c.ii|i;lit 

I'v  Imv  ()(  the 

;t  tilth-  \v!i() 
ly  Comcaiu', 

i.ill,   iivioitiir, 

til-  (  O'.U)- 

:c  h.i;,:lv,  VI 

lii-  ar.J  liccr- 

iiiul.ir  (brm, 

|'.n.ioiis  .iiiil 

IihIi  is  ill  the 

;iri-  ( xteiulcil 

I'lUfc,  where 

111  lit  out  the 

nfxs  of"  pi.ie- 

iii  tin  ir  liciuis 

pciK-rally  on 

I'r?  ti;>  one  of 

ilk   ( )  make 

n  r!:-  friiiis 
i.i!'-  rlicy  take 
'Ic.ilon  make 
m  the  abluni 
rc.iter  plenty 
three  or  four 
it  only  their 
to  ror,  or  be 
inub  they  at- 
t  nuniheri  on 
'im  bu\h,  and 
owls,  as  well 

1  hev  f^ene 
drink ini;  the 

verv  whole- 
their  (1)1). 
b'e  <)iMlities. 

nanir.il  love 
ts  ot  violence 
ig'iroi!'.  laws. 
are  peneraliy 

the   pe:)l'l<', 

xi'tin-ni,'  in 
c  y  /ie(|ti(  iitly 
ii'.hiin.'itiir- 
•  ''.r  (billowed 
inv  coiiipul- 

ili  inn,;  ap- 
'■nicly  (  nirl. 

0  Itrilje  o\rr 

' ;  aiii!  they 
he  fame  vel- 
iiilloin  tliat 
ind,  and  in 
by  the  I  lor- 
heii  laboiir- 
lli  ttith  lii.'ii- 

1  and  tliele 
ireiits  );rn\v 
V'  s  b)  ihiir 
angle  them, 
it  of  duty, 
"klperli.n's 
fter  luvinf» 
ps  drr.i.k  .1 
hem  that  Ik 
iion^j  about 

h;. 


New  Discoveries.] 


NORTH      A  M  ERIC  A. 


489 


Iiis  n-ck,  onf  ftandinL'  nn  one  fide,  and  the  other  op- 
politc  to  him,   w.hiili  thi.y  pu!!  violently  till  he  expire;.: 
they  then  lovcr  him  wi;h  earrh,  a:id  over  that  e'ect  a 
kind  ot  rouiili  iiimnnuat  oMlones.     Such  old  people 
a.-i  have  no  chil.lrtn  reijuire  tlu;,  oliice  of  their  friends ; 
but  in  this  ull-  it  is  n'>t  alwi.s  complied  with. 

'I'hev  luve  alio    a    very  I'.iange    maxim    of   policy, 
which   is  obligiii ;    their    v.  nne  1    to    procur..-   freipient 
abortions,  liy  the   oie  of    a  certain  herb,  comuion  to 
that  country,  ii  order  to  eak-  theinlelvcs  ot  the  l)iiidcn 
oi'a  hclj.'lcl's  ia;:iiiy. 

The  native-,  d.vt'.iin;^  on  the   eallern   coait  of  F  Iiid- 
fm's   I5av,  ar-  tliwle  called  1  .uiuinu'ix,  whiih  nauie  is 
derived  fro, il  tlie  Indian  W(;rd  that  lignines  iiUtr\  of  )\nu 
Jif/''  i  lor  ..iur  tl.oioiitjiily  drying  t;.e  llelh  ol  the  bealls 
they   kill,  they  cat  it   vsith'iut   any  oiiier    ptrpiration. 
They  are  it"  a  uii.ldle   l]ze,   robulV,  ae.d   inclmable  to 
be  tar.      Tlicn   ;.'.-adi  arc  iarge.  Mid  thtir  I'a-es  t'loiid 
and  fvanhvi  th.ir  eyes  are  black.,  Im.dl  .m.l  Ijarkling; 
their  n:ilc5  lla;,  their  lips   diii  k,  .mi   their    hair    l.wik 
-nd  biaek  i  they  li.r,  e  broad  ili>Hiklcr-,  rfikl  their  limbs 
are  propoiiini.ible  ,   bit  tiieir  irec  are  \ciy  Imall. 

The   beh..vi,,i.r  ot    the    l',Up-iii)uu.>!   relidinji;  on   the 
eali:  liiie  u(  1  li,,il',n'-.  Bay  i:>  clicarfiil  and  r[v,i^ih:;y  -,   but 
lome  are  fubde,  ciniiiiiu^  and  dttciitu),  !J,i''''C  Hartercrs, 
and  mmh  a.idi'ted  to  i>iller  f.'.nn  llrang'-rs;  eafily  ren- 
dcrcil  l)old  bv  er.coiirai^cmeiit  i   bu:  as  e.iliiy  fri.;iit(ned  ; 
and  fo  attached  to  their  own  couatiy,  that  foiiie,   who 
have  bien  taken  priToners  by  tlie  fjutiicrn  Indians  wlicti 
they   were    boys,  and    brought   to   the  tiifl  iries,  have, 
for  I'evera!    years,  regretted   their   ablcnee  from    their 
native  country,  and  the  enjoyment  of  wli.i;.  they  loved 
when  they  were  t!iere  ;   tlrib  one  ol   them,  after  liaviiii^ 
been  led  upon  [''.nglilli  d:t",  l)ting  [<rcl"etit  ulien  an  Ir.ng- 
li'.lini.'.n  was  cuttiiifi  up  a   feai,  hom   w,hich  the  train- 
oil  r.m  v.-.-v  [il";'.:i...,;y,  ri<..,jjed  iij)  what  lie  cou!  i  I'ave 
with   l.i-,  !i,»ad,s,  and  fwalU^vinj^  it  crvcd,  "   All  I  coii;- 
m--  I   •v    to    my  dear    c  uncry,  where    I    cotdd,    yet 
my  i.<,. J  ......  ' 

The  n'.iiH  cloatiis  a;c  •■-.a.ie  of  lial  Ikiiis,  and  lomc- 
tlnies  (d  tlie  Ikins  ol'  i.i.i.i  and  lea  lo^O  lewed  toi^e- 
thu  :  their  coats  hive  a  h  10. 1  like  acapuJiin,  areclofe 
from  the  bicill  before,  an  I  r;aJ)  no  I'l^er  than  the 
midvlle  of  die  thigh:  the  bic'.chis  arr  cltifc  bet'  le  and 
behind,  {ratlured  like  a  purle,  witli  a  Uring,  and  tied 
about  their  waills:  tluy  hive  fevcral  p.iirs  of  bootj 
and  forks,  which  they  uear  i.'ne  over  another,  to  keep 
them  warm  and  dry.  I'he  ddlerence  between  theilrels 
<.'i  the  men  and  that  of  the  women  is,  th.it  the  latter 
have  a  i;.:;r)W  H.p  lie'dnd  tluir  lackct  that  reaches 
to  tluii  li(cl..  '1  Ikir  liood'i  are  hkewilc  larL!;er  and 
wi.ler  .u  the  ihouldcrs,  tor  the  lake  of  i.irrying  tluir 
ci.ildren  in  tl.cm  at  tluir  backs;  and  their  lioots,  which 
aie  a  gieat  deal  wider,  are  commonly  lluck  out  with 
\vhal  bone,  becaiile  when  they  want  to  put  a  child  out 
of  their  aims  tluy  lap  it  into  one  ol  their  boots  till 
they  can  take  it  up  ag..in.  A  tew  of  them  wear  lliitts 
ol  le.il  bladders  Tewed  tog'-ther.  'I'lieir  rloaths  are, 
i.'i  general,  Icwed  very  iv.'atly  :  :liis  is  perlnrnieil  with 
an  ivoiy  needle,  and  the  finews  ol  a  deer  l|dit  tine  and 
iifcd  for  thread.  They  d.ili.over  a  i'ood  deal  ol  talte  in 
adorning  them  with  Ihipes  of  ililVerent  coloured  Ikins 
fewcd  ill  the  manner  oi  bonlirs,  cull"-.,  and  robings  for 
their  cloaths,  wliicli  altogether  appear  handlomc  as  well 
as  ciinvenient. 

Due  linjvlar  part  ot  their  diets  is  tin  ir  I'now  eyes, 
!is  they  p.o|  eilv  i.ili  iIkmii.  Tiicle  are  bits  of  wood, 
o'.-  ivory,  firmed  to  cover  tlie  org.ins  ot  fight,  and 
lid  at  the  tiack  of  the  head  :  in  eaili  |)iece  are  tv/o  Hits 
of  tlie  r.;ine  length  with  the  -^yes,  but  narrower,  thio' 
whiih  they  fee  dillinctly.  'I'his  invention  preW'iits 
liiow  blindu'.'l',,  a  very  painful  difirder  occafioned  by 
the  iirightnels  of  the  liglit  retlcLliiig  from  the  fnow,  el- 
pecially  in  the  leal'on  they  c.iU  Ipring.  I'heir  ut'e 
llieiigthen;j  the  light,  and  becomes  to  h.ibitu.il  to  thcMi), 
that  when  they  woiiKI  oblcrve  .111  objei't  at  a  great  ili- 
Itaiiee,  they  commonly  look  thiou^'h  them  as  wc  do 
through  a  perl()ediyc  t,lils.  , 

No.  45 


Their  innruments  tor  fifbing  std  fowling  difcover  a 
genius  lor  invention.  Their  darts  and  ha-poons  are 
well  m,ide,  .is  .ire  alfo  their  bov\s  .TntJ  arrov.s.  Th.cir 
bo  Its  are  eaty  of  carriage  and  quii  k  in  motion.  The 
frames  are  made  of  wood  or  whale  l)one.  l"hey  rcb- 
ihe  I'eatn  with  a  kind  of  fize  m.iie  i_ri"e.i:'.  hi.itjber. 
In  thele  boats  tliey  rarry  their  little  convciiieiucs  and 
tlitir  inlfriiment-,  fjr  killing  whales  and  otiier  lia  ani- 
mals. Whin  thiy  iiave  killed  a  wh.tle  they  tow  it  to 
Ih'ire  with  their  eaiioe>,  ai,d  I'rif)  it  '  i  the  tat,  v, hich 
n  .t  only  li-rves  them  tor  (ood,  but  to  burn  in  their 
l.imps  diirinir  wirrer. 

Un  their  gonig  t)  C^.i  in  order  to  catth  full  tiirry  ge- 
nerdlytake  in  tlieir  b  >ats  a  bhdder  hlled  witli  tr.iin 
i:il,  as  our  people  iio  1  ilram  bottle,  .uul  iLem  to  ilrink 
die  Contents  wuh  the  l.irne  relim  ,  an  :  >vi,i.n  tli(.irltoclc 
is  out  they  h.ive  been  feci;  to  draw  the  tii.idder  tin  'U'di 
their  teeth  in  order  to  extract  liie  very  l.ill  drop  nf  tiiis 
(irecious  liquid.  They  a;e  pr.;b  .bly  cnvinced  by  ex- 
perience of'  the  fauitary  elTciih  of  liith  coarle  kind  of 
oil  in  their  ri;^orous  cliiintc,  whi.rh  occafions  their 
fjndnefs  fiir  it. 

It  is  obl'erved  by  voyager?,  th;.t  in  filling  to  the 
northward  in  tlicl'e  r-giius  eve:y  thing  dwiii'.iles  ;  the 
men  beio-.nc  lower  in  llature,  and  the  yery  trees  fink 
into  brulhwood. 


S  I:  C  T  I  O  N     II. 


A       N       A       D 


S:::i(U:i':;.  Bciir.da:  ^: 
I  V^;f^(i.'£'  I'rcduPui 
P:.!C-^.      1,1V. 


C'r.v.rtc.     Soil.     An'ancl  and 
River'..     Lakci.     Pr.ni.pdl 


C.'VN'AD.V  is  fittiated  between  45  and  50  degrees 
of  north  latitude,  .uid  between  (0  and  90  deg. 
!•!  eid:  longitude.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  New 
IMraiii,  on  the  eaft  by  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  fnith  by 
the  Apalachian  mountains,  and  on  the  well  by  un- 
known lards. 

The  climate  and  f.'il  vary  greatly  in  this  cxtenfivc 
track.  Along  the  banks  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence  ic 
is  exccfiive  cold  in  winter,  ani.1  as  intenrively  hot  in 
turn  ner.  The  rell  of  tlie  country  is  interl'ecled  with 
large  woods,  lakes  and  rivers,  which  render  it  Illll 
colder.  Ihe  loil,  however,  in  ma:iy  places  is  fertile, 
producing  whales  and  vegetables  in  abundance. 

C.uiadi  abounds  in  llags  elks,  deer,  be.irs  foxes, 
wikl  cati,  ferrets,  weal'ds,  kpiirrels  of  dilTeient  kinds, 
lures,  rabbits,  N:e.  In  the  louthern  parts  are  wild 
bulls,  divers  forts  of  roebucks,  goats,  &:c.  The 
marllies,  lakes,  and  pools,  bvarin  with  beavers,  of 
which  we  have  alie.idy  given  a  del'cription. 

'i'he  Canadians  have  different  ways  of  taking  bea- 
vers. They  tbiiietimes  Ihoot  tiiem,  and  at  other  times 
catch  them  in  traps,  which  latl  method  they  prefer,  be- 
caul'e  it  does  not  damage  the  tkin.  In  winter  they 
break  the  ice  at  lome  ditlance  from  the  huts,  and 
pkicing  ttakes  in  the  watc'-  tiiey  fallen  nets  to  them. 
The  beavers  being  diilurbed  in  their  huts,  by  a  dog 
lent  in  for  that  ptirpole,  immediately  take  to  the  water, 
when  they  are  toon  entangled  in  the  net. 

There  is  a  diminutive  Ipecies  of  beaver  called  the 
Mulk  Rai,  the  tail  of  which  produces  a  very  Ifrong 
I'cent. 

There  arc  two  lorrs  of  beats  in  this  country,  one  of 
a  reddith,  and  the  other  of  a  blackilh  cok)Ur. 

The  Iiulians  I'carce  undertake  any  thing  wii!i  greater 
folemnity  than  hunting  the  bear;  and  an  aliiaii  e  with 
a  noted  bear  hunter,  who  h.is  killed  federal  in  one  day, 
is  I'lore  eagerly  lought  after  th.in  that  of  one  who  has 
rendered  himlelt  famous  m  war;  this  clu.e  l:i,'idying 
them  both  with  food  and  r.ument.  The  bears  lodge, 
during  the  winter  either  in  hollow  trees  or  cues;  and, 
as  they  lay  up  no  provifijiis,  have  no  food  diiri  'g  that 
leafon. 

b  II  The 


Ir 


iL  II' 


I'-ii 


.■  I 


I  ;•'  ( 


'i!: 


i':(l 

win 


I'll 


..  ;i 


ii 

(I'll 

i 

k 


4; 


490        A  NEW,  ROYAI.,  and 

The  bear  is  nor  r.-nir.illy  liercc,  cxrfpt  ^^Iu■ll  wound 
e\  or  pincht-1.1  with  h\iii„'iT.  Tlicv  run  tlunii<-Wi-s  vriy 
poor  in  the  m:;n:h  ot'  July ;  .in.l  i:  is  limu-vvh.it  d.;nt.;r- 
rons  to  men  th.-tn  till  their  lnin;:(  r  u  Utiblicd,  ami  th-.v 
recover  their  flelli,  wiiii  h  tliey  tin  vci  y  liulJcnly.  'lluy 
arc  t'onJ  ot'  i;r.i|)es,  and  moll  kinds  ot  Iriii:.  When 
privilions  are  l^-aree  in  tiie  vkhkU  tiuy  venture  <inr 
arnoii^  the  rcttlciiienrN  .I'vl  iii.ike  Ljre.'t  h.ivoek  ol  the 
Indian  corn,  ami  loiiK-tiiiies  kill  the  t'wiiv.  Idv  ir 
ehiet'  wc-.!|u),i>.  are  thur  lore  ['.iv  s,  « it!i  \\i. it'll  ;l"-')' 
will  iiug  anv  .inlind  tht  v  I'ei'e  iniinedi.icely  t')  cie.idi. 

'riiAvilKd')  ot  C,ii;.id.i  i-.  Iai|ri.r  than  th.it  '•!  F.u- 
r.ii"-.  i'l.i-  b'ldy  i..  I  V.-.  vcd  witli  a  very  vakialile  bluk 
\so'  1,  and  tin-  liide  is  reunrkablv  Ibl't  in.l  pliant. 

WolvLs  are  llarre  in  Canada,  btit  tliev  alT'iid  the 
t'lKil  lurs  in  all  the  country:  their  ll.ili  is  w!i;:e,  an; 
pood  to  (.u,  and  tliev  innfue  their  prey  t;i  the  t^ip;  o! 
the  tailell  tief-.  The  bl.iek  foxes  ;.ie  tzrearly  ellcem 
cd,  and  vcrylcane;  hu:  thole  ot'  ither  colour,  are 
more  common  i  a.-.d  lonie  on  the  LIpper  Millillippi  .uc 
ot'  a  I'dvi-r  colniir,  and  very  beantifiil.  'I'iiry  Ire  "i; 
w.iter  l''v,Is,  whlcli  tiiey  tlecoy  vsitiiin  ti'.rir  tl'iichrs  bv 
a  tlioiir.i:id  .iiitic  trlck^,  ,ind  tiieii  i'prinj,  up.m  thein  anil 
devour  tin  ;',i. 

The  Can.idian  p.-ijl-cu  h.is  r.  m-il  bea-titi'l  "hire 
fur,  e:;cip,:  ;lie  tip  o\  tl^e  t.iil,  which  i-  av  black  as  jet. 
Uiiui  piMi'iel,  he  lct>  ■^v  his  uri '.f,  wl.ioh,  U  i-  l.i'  ■, 
inf-as  the  air  f"'r  a  c,,,..it'-r  of  a  un!e  r-und,  lor  «  !■  :i 
rear;;n  he  i.-.  called  by  Liie  inhabitants  the  devil's  on:, 
or  r!ie  (llnkard. 

The  ca  .1  l'a:i  ra"  is  of  a  beiiHll'i  I  lilver  r(  lo  ir,  vi:'; 
a  buii.y  t:d,  and  as  bij^  apiin  as  thr  1- 'ir()['e.ui.  I  :.:■ 
I'c-male  carries  lUiiicr  hrr  btdlv  a  b.::.  "hichti.e  (pins 
aiki  lluits  at  pleai'ure  i  ^lui  in  th.it  I..1  [daces  lu  r  youiii: 
wl.i-n  purine  1. 

Tlic.e  .IK-  -iirer  ;i>r-^  (  f  l':l.;^r^!^  :   tii.it  railed  the  llv 
in^;  fquirrel  will  lea])  toi:y  I'eci  an  .  nv  le  •rjtni  one  iicr 
to  another,     d'his  l;ttle  animal  i.i  vi  ;-v  !'■.  tiv  .i:il  f,:(iiv 
t.;:;ifd,  and   I.e  puts  up   wiicrevcr  Ik-  can  find  a  pia  '  , 


\UTIIF.MTIC  SVSTl'.M  of  1:M\  1  U.S.\L  (ll'OGK.M'HY 


NlW    Dl'^'OVf  RIl.S.] 


in  !:-.e  ileeve,   pocket,  <'r  m\:\T:   lie  firit   [ 


_  W  lies  '.;i   hi% 
miller,  wlioiu  ise  'wil  i.iil'in;^uilh  amoiip,  r.uiuy  pcilon,. 
I'he  Cinadi.in   pircopine  is    lels    than    a    ii^'  Idrn  ; 
ilog :   when   roalled,  !k    eat:,  lull  ;:s   well   aa   a  luckiu;;; 

I"'t'-  .       .         .        , 

'1  he  haret  and  iv.hbirs  ditfer  lirtle  from  tliole  ol   F.u- 

loj'!-,  riilv  ti  ev  tiiin  ;"'.'V  in  wint(r. 

S,  ii:e  ol'  die  ri\  f'  b'ci-d  crocodiL-b,  whicli  dit''i.r  but 
little  from  th.oll  i  t'tlie  's'il  ■. 

AiTion;_i  the  other  anini.ils  (jf  tliis  country  wliith  n;.  {\ 
del'erve  the  auen:i:>!i  '•■:"  tlie  natura.iil  i,  the  elK,  wi;:i.h 
is  ab  ut  the  lixe  cf  a  l.ori'e  or  mule.  Many  extr.iordi- 
nary.,M|th-i:-il  q'l.di'-.rs,  piriii.'uluiy  I'T  curni^  iiit- 
i'''^cij;^kii^l  ,  are  ai'.  iibeO  to  the  hoof  ot  the  Ic't  foi.t 
<  .  ;'  ■  ;'  ir.al.  T!u\  l.ve  in  cold  countries,  ,uul  v.  hen 
t  ■   ■  all'jrd.-.  tlicm  no  grals  they  i-i.a.v  the  barks 

ot  .      -. 

Or  ilie  featiiirtd  creation  here  are  e.igles,  ..d'ons, 
partri '^  ■.■;■,  r;d,  :.rey  and  black,  witii  Inntj  taib,  whi.  h 
they  J. read  out  ii!;e  a  tin,  aiid  make  a  line  n|^;  ■  ;r- 
ame.  I  K  reare  ai;;)  liii:\  s,  ducks,  geele,  turki-",  i\c. 
Of  linking  birdi  til' re  aie  dirullie.'.  .uid  j;oidtiiii 'u\  rc- 
linii  ii- .!  '.\v)W  of  L'.un)t)e  i  but  tlie  ciiitt' fuK'ni:;  1;  id 
ol  C,;i.  .1...  1 ,  the  whiti;  biid,  .ilpciics  01  ortoi.m  v.rv 
Huw,-  ai.,1  rc.i.aikable  for  procl.iiiiiinfj;  t!ie  un.m  of 
IjM-ii;;. 

Tlie  lak'-s  .ir^;  lart'e  and  numerous;  the  chuf  a'e 
Take  Supi-ri-r,  whi.  Ii  is  10  K-.iguos  in  lcn;i;li,  70 
broad,  and  contnii.s  k-vcral  illir.ds  j  the  lakes  ,\liclii- 
j'an,  Illinois,  i  liirons  Om.irio,  b'ronteiiac,  Cham- 
plain,  \c.  Ol  the  river:-,  which  are  in/iiimer.ib!.  ,  tl'e 
principal  are,  tl;e(ireat  Kiver  .St.  Lawrence,  .St.  John, 
I'rois  Rivieic,  Ccc.  I  he  liiv  of  St.  Lawreme  i,  en- 
ter-d  between  C.ijie  Itetz  in  Niwfounddami  .uul  Cipe 
Bn-tonj  ami  after  doublin::-  Capr  Kole,  you  llerr  info 
the  river  ot'  t!i"  lame  name.  I'owanls  the  foiith  lie 
the  Hay  and  Point  of  (ial'pevi  below  this  Hay  is  a 
Sree|),  called  the  I'ierced  lil.ind,  I'r.im  an  apirtuiein 
its  jnidJie,  tlirou|,d>  whi(.h  a  il  Kjp  mi^ht  pals  Nsiih  her 


1:11, 


iaih  up.  ;\t  a  leai;iie  dill  nice  Iroin  the  HmlvI  Ifland 
lies  the  i'kind  Ii  ai.ivfiifuir ;  and  at  a  leatnie  diliancc 
liom  that  the  ill.ind  Milcon,  which  his  an  excellent 
harbour,  and  is  ei^lic  le.itjucs  in  tir(umlerence.  A 
f|.rin[;  ol  (lelli  w.itcr  fpout:,  up  to  a  ctnlidciable  lie!p,lic 
111  the  ofiing,  not  far  fn  m  tid:-  illaiid.  Tlie  next  ob- 
-vi\  that  preltnts  itfef  in  tl.i-  river  St.  I.awrrnce  is  the 
illami  Anticoiti  i  and  lie  turunt  Ittiing  ftrongly  in 
epon  it  renders  the  nas  i.'jatirn  lure  very  darperoiis,  in 
c.'.W  of  a  calm,  tfprci.diN  as  the  if'and  is  I'red  with 
biiakirs.  I  his  illar.d  IS  narrow  ;  butliis  in  die  niid- 
le  of  th.e  river,  and  extends  about  lorty  leagues  trom 
north-ealt  to  fouth  well. 

After  pairin;4  this  illand  il:e  navi^adnn  becomes 
more  tolerable;  but  liill  yre.it  jMceaution  mull  be 
lied.  The  moiiits  Norre  Duiue  and  l.ewii  lie  on 
he  larboard  tide:  near  the  Ia''er  are  liime  |  lantario.ns. 
i'lic  next  point  is  Tri'ii'v  I'l.in',  which  niuit  be  avoided 
■'viihi'rcat  tare.  .A  litile  hiphcr  .ire  the  I'lps  ot  Mon- 
10  1.  dh-.l  f  >  in  tlie  appeirante  ol  the  mountain, 
I',  i  .d'-,  r  !W)  le.iiiurs  liom  t!ie  Piore.  The  land 
r  nei.  'd' )iiii.'-'d  is  not  onlv  inprohtalde,  but  ap- 
s  !.i.:-i'ul,  bcng  covereil  with  rocks,  lands,  and 
:ij:r.dile  thickets;  it  conrii.is,  Iriw.  x  r,  jdenry  of 
C),i  the  other  file  the  river,  a:ul  adv.uKin'" 
"•■  •  into  i'.  bed,  lie-  :  ■..•  in  i.il  of  M  inicoiMgu, 
^  1  ■•-•  iiii'l'.  din<_'ei.ins  in  the  river:  i:  \a  n  imcd 
'i'.  r.  !  rlv.r  tii.i:  Ian' ti  im  t!:r  muunruiis  of  Labra- 
•■!  .1,  .:  l.i  i.lii.:Aile  t.dled  liie  rver  ot  St.  Birnabas, 
1.1  li.-  lil..N  Kiver.  JToin  ti  is  to  Cjieen  Idand  the 
i:i\  -rio'i  Ii  il  i-.v  and  i:"i'eitaiii,  and  tlie  ih'ire.s  un- 
:■  )'.i;i-)rr.ible  and  iininh.ibi'ed.  S'^mewhat  hie;her  lies 
the  liver  Siguenay,  which  carries  Ibips  ^-J  It  .ii;ue'i 
aliove  its  moudi,  where  is  an  exVellen'.  h.irbour  ciikd 
l'ad''Uh'ac;  in  failinir  hom  «hieli  {jreat  cue  mull  be 
tdsrn  to  avoiil  tlie  l\eil  llLi'id  cr  Cape  lion;;",  wliidi 
is  I  elanL'erous  rak  (t  t' at  c.  lour,  wh'le  Ivrface  is 
ev;iia!  to  the  u.irer,  and  (lien  [  roves  fatal  to  (hipping. 
.Ma"y  v.'v.;"rs  :irL-  ui  opii  io'',  if  the  Cana:'i.in 
ri:iu-rv  w,;^  iiiipriAed  it  vouid  lie  more  I  i-iie'ici.il  thaii 
die  fur  tra  ,'e.  Ht  I'.des  a  jL'irat  v.iriety  ol  e.ther  lilli  in 
1'  t  lakes  an.l  rivers,  partieiilaily  that  of  .St.  I.av.reme, 
are  k,i-w  Ives,  fea-cows,  porpoifes  the  kncornet,  the 
:Vb  r.ii'e,  tl'.e  ha  ;  laile,  lal  tiou  tiouts  turtles,  ioh- 
.  -rs,  -['.c  cli'oi.i..;  .11,  lliirpeon.  the  achyau,  and  the 
;'lriic.i.l.  Tr.e  .h-a-woif,  lo  i-alli'il  from  i:s  howlinn;, 
IS  a:i  amjdiibi.iii,  .  rcatiire.  1  b-,  iicud  rr'e.nbles  that  of 
_; :  lie  hi^  ioiir  vetv  Hiort 
r.avo   x\u.-:  but  the   hii  d 


■;ipr 


■■'■  llvi 


a  (1. 
orT^ 
'1  a- 


ej's,  of  w!di.li  the  fore 
ones  teiminire  in  tins. 


lui;  i.  \  ri:;,!i  2-0  poun  Is,  and  are  of  tiijl'erent 
c<  !■•:'-,.  'i  ii'ir  I'e'li  is  pood  eatin;^;  bi.t  the  protit  of 
It  li.;.  Ill  i-s  ,  :',  "iihli  is  propr,-  tor  burni-i;.',  and  ciir- 
f.in^'  of  le.Vher.  Tlieir  ikins  ln.d^e  ex.  eil;  nt  cover- 
iiiirs  |..r  rninks;  an  I  tl.nu.di  not  hi  hne  as  .M  ir  eco 
le.iur,  till  y  prefeivc  ilieir  lieil:nels  better,  and  are 
f  I-  iiihle  to  ei.i,  ks.  Tlic  Ihoes  .hkI  (>  lots  m.i  le  of 
tJMl.-  Ikiii'-  l-"'  in  no  w.iter,  an:!,  when  |  1  ■;  eilv  tanned, 
m.ike  excedr!:-  ..;i|  lallinL'  cinrrs  toi  J'l-.its.  1  he  Ca- 
niii.m  lea  c-i'.'.  is  l.iiyer  til. in  i.i-  lr,-wolf,  but  re- 
Iriiiiiies  It  ill  '  ■Jie.  Ic  his  tuo  teeth  (.f  the  thitknefs 
and  \r\\>rh  ,-\  .1  ii,.\'i\  a'Ui,  ih.it,  uhui  sjionn,  look 
Id.e  lioiiis  ind  is  ,1  very  liiie  1.  ly  .is  \\eli  ,,s  its  other 
teeih.  1  he  l'.uri;rnii  is  from  t  i  dr  to  c»(lve  leet  lone 
ai,d  propnif!..;-..ii,iy  thiik,  but  there  is  a  imall  fpecies, 
lie  llelli  ot  wiiuh  IS  very  delicate. 

In  Cilia,!  I  .ire  miny  tepiiies,  am-'ng  which  the 
rar'ii-.lnake  is  the  iiioH  iem..ik..ble  for  Wv.v  and  venom. 
I  lie  bite  ol  this  hi  ike  is  mort.il,  if  ihe  root  of  .1  cer- 
tain plant  is  liot  iiiimedi.ii.lv  applied  to  the  wound. 

'I'he  ciiliivited  p.:uts  u\  this  louiitry  yield  larjjr  crops 
of  Indian  cmii,  bailrv,  lye  and  other  |j,rain.  IVI<  1  ms 
and  grapes  aic  j  roducfd  here,  as  alio'  the  hop  plant. 
I  he  meadow  grounds  that  are  wdl  watered  yiekt  cx- 
o  Hint  pral's,  and  te.d  iiumbi  ts  of  cattle,  Tidiacco, 
in  |)articiilar,  thrives  well,  and  is  mm  h  euliivated. 

The  iiruultiv.i-rd  parts  of  Cmada  cont.iin  the  great- 
eft  firelts  ill  the  wotld.  I  hev  (orm  one  continiieil 
N  cud  unpi..;i;ed  by  ihe  hands  of  nun,  .md  to  all  ap- 
pearance 


to  the  river  St.  I ., 
It-veral  nations  of  Ii 
inhabit  iius  in  variou 


Nlw  Diii  ovfRihs.] 


N  ()  R  T  n       AM  I-:  RICA. 


49' 


pcarnnrc  as  olil  .is  the  creation.  Nothing  ran  be  more 
inannitueiit  to  tiie  view,  l  lie  trees  lole  [lienjklves  in 
the  ilmiils:  ami  Iik  ii  is  the  pr(niiL;imis  variety  of  Ijt 
cies,  th.ir  even  ,nn:)np;ll  tlicle  |h  rions  who  liave  taken 
iivill  p.iins,  to  know  them,  there  is  not  one,  perhaps, 
that  is  .iccpMinteil  with  half  the  number. 

This  I'rovincc  proil'iees  two  llirts  of'  pine,  tlie  white 
nn'.i  the  red  ,  four  lorts  ot  tursj  tlree  liirts  ofceilar  ami 
oak,  the  white  aiKJ  the  reil ;  three  li)rts  of  walniittrres, 
the  haul,  the  I'll',  .ii;J  tlie  IliVL/th  ;  the  male  and  le- 
niale  maj'le,  white  and  red  ehiT^,  and  poplars.  About 
November  tiie  be.irs  .md  wii.l  e.its  take  op  their  habi- 
rafi  MIS  in  the  hollo'v  elm- ,  .in  1  rem.iin  their  t.li  April. 
IKie  are  alto  chei  ry  trees,  plntiib  trees,  and  <.[|ier 
tiniLtiee-,  I'mil.ir  to  t'l^li'  in  ]•  mope.  Ni.irQ^i(iirc 
is  a  line  le.-.J  nvne,  a:;il  the  whole  country  abciiiKls  m 
eoan. 

I  he  principal  towns  in  Can.id.i  nrc  (j_i^i(  bee,  Trci^  i 
Kivieies,  or  llie  i  hree  Kivei^,  :!nd  Nh  i:;real.  Nia 
gara,  though  not  cxienlUe,  is  iliiliii^niillied  bval'air.o'.'s 
fatarit't,  between  7  and  8co  leet  liiL'h,  li.ilt'  a  le^jUi.- 
broad,  the  waier  of  w!,:i.li  runs  to  \i  licr.dv,  t.'iat  all 
bealls  ;'.rte!n|"!i:i!;  to  eri.ls  it  a  ipi.'.iter  01  a  lea,.'  le  ab  ivi 
are  I'w.iHowed  ii|i.  It  UiMibles  oil"  llie  jTreipiee  v.ith 
I'lirh  I'lTV,  tliat  if  makes  an  ar.h  iiiuier  v, hiiii  tliui  mui 
mav  p.. Is  .1  bn  ill  with:  IK   I.iiver. 

Here  it  i-.  neeili.iiy  [n  o'i-.l.r\e,  ihat  ll;  ■  Frt  neh 
(■■I'liptei.ai 'ed,  uii  ler  !!:>■  n.rne  nt  t'aii.i.l.i,  ..  u-i\  iaru,e 
firritoiv,  ti'^:;.;'  i:i:o  ilv-u  il.iim.  [  :!rt  it'  N'ovia  Sc.  [i.i. 
New  l'n;danil,  ar.d  New  Yoris,  on  the  eall ;  and,  to 
the  well,  est;  ndinij,  it  .1-.  It  as  the  I'acilic  Ote:in 
That  put,  however,  whi,  !i  they  were  able  to  ciilri>ate, 
lay  ihieiiy  on  the  banks  ot  thr  river  .St.  l.awrtnce,  and 
the  numerous  I'maller  rivers  whieh  it  rf-eeives.  Tlas 
beii)::  re.'ueed  by  'he  Hiitilh  arn.-.  in  tlie  gi 'lious  year 
1-50,  Ills  bten  iinre  flmiided  in:o  a  Hruilli  province, 
callfd  the  provin,  (.-  i)r(^iebcc,  of  v.iiiclithe  c,i|>ital  i> 
a  citv  t)t  the  lame  name,  htuateil  at  ilu  tonllueme  ot 
the  rivers  .St.  Lawrence  and  St.  Chaile.^-,  .ibimt  140 
lea!;ues  I'lom  C'ai'e  Rorv.e  or  Horn-is.  It  i^  liuiit  on  a 
rock  and  divided  into  .in  upper  .uul  lowi  r  town.  The 
!ia\cn  i~  l^ite  an.!  commo.ii.ius.  '1  he  h'lUles  in  bmh 
to«ns  .ire  of"  llone,  an.l  built  in  a  tler.ble  ni.  nner. 
Before  the  city  was  i.ikeii  by  the  l-.nghili  i:  iii.ule  a  \cry 
faie  aiipe.irance, 


Anvn^r  the  priiicij 


e.li'"--s  were  the  e[  ii'dpal  pa- 
lace; tlie  t'lit  o:  liialil,  ti  e  it  .'idencc  ol' the  f.'ovt-rn.ir- 
t;eiiii.ili  the  houle  ai'.d  ikiirih  of"  the  Uec.'licCts  ;  the 
thun  ll  I'l'  the  I'rl'iline  nuns,  in  whic  h  is  the  tomb  of 
ivl.  ,\|niii  iliii,  uh'i  c  )iiiuiani.!ei.l  liie  i'lc-nch,  ,i,'d  s\,is 
livirt.ilh'  wouiuiul,  .It  tlie  batde  id'C^^elicc,  (in  which, 
alio,  fell  the  gall.uit  Wo  lie,  who  comman.ie.I  the  1mi;^ 
iilh  0  the  I'uinptiioiis  colle;_;e  lA  the  Jetiiits,  tlic  inten- 
tiant's  h'lul'e,  the  rov.d  m.iir:v.:incs,  i\C.  &c. 

'i'he  f  iiri'icitioiis  ot  (jnebcc,  at  the  time  it  was 
taken  by  the  liiitilh  aims,  were  as  cum[)lete  as  it  was 
ji.p[''ble  10  rei'.iltr  them. 

In  fiiiiii!.;  up  the  river  .St  Lawrence  fiom  (j^iebec  to 
M  iiitrcal,  which  is  170  miles  the  evr  is  i:eli.;lued 
'vi:!i  bi'.iutilul  l.indt'i'aics,  the  banks,  in  m.iiiy  pLicc. 
b:ing  very  lleeji,  and  lli.uied  with  lofty  trees.  The 
'arms  lie  pretty  chile  all  the  way;  I'everal  pentlcmeiis 
houl'es,  luMtly  b:iilt,  lliew  theml'elves  at  interv.iisj  .ml 
there  is  .ill  the  ap|)eMrances  of  a  llouiitlnnt!;  colony,  t'lo' 
but  few  towns  or  vill.ij;i,s.  M.my  tine  i.lind>  are  in- 
tcrfpcrl'el  in  the  river,  .iiid  ati'ord  a  induiKiue  view. 
After  (i.illing  the  Kiihheu  ill, mils,  the  air  bi  cop.ies  li) 
mild  and  tempeiate,  thr  ilie  vovaj^er  thinks  himte-lf 
tnnl'pl.in'ed  to  aiiott:er  chinate ;  but  this  is  only  to  be 
linderllood  ot  tiie  tummer  months. 

Ihe  town  called  'I'rois  Rivieres  is  about  li.ilf  w,iy  be 
tween  l.)uebec  and   Mwiitieal,  and  his  its  n.ime  t'roiii 
three  rivvTs,  whiih  ioin  their  currents  here,  and  f'all  in 
to  ilie  river  St.  Lawrence.     It  is  tmicli  rel'iite.l  to  bv 
feveral  nations  of  Iiidi.ins,  who  come  to  trade  uith  the 
inhabit  iius  in  varioui  kiii.is  of  tiir.s  anvl  Ikins. 

Montreal  is  (kiiared  on  the  illand  formed  by  the  river 
St.  La'.Mence,  which  is  ten  leagues  in  len;i!i,  ,nid  1  mr 
in  bread;!).   While  the  ImciiJi  haJ  poU'clliou  of  Canada, 


both  the  ( itv  and  illand  of  Montreal  were  private  pro- 
perty, ani.1  li)  utll  improved,  th.it  the  whole  ifland  was 
a  moll  delightlul  tpot,  ami  produced  every  thing  that 
could  adininiller  to  the  conveniencies  of  life.  When 
it  was  reduceil  by  (iencral  .Vmherll,  it  was  po])ulous. 
i'he  houl'es  were  built  in  an  handfime  maunir,  and 
isciy  houl'e  mi;;ht  be  feen  at  one  view  from  tin;  hirbour. 
1  his  [>lace  is  furroundeil  by  a  w.iil  and  dry  ilitch,  and 
its  fortifications  have  been  im[)r<)vcd  by  the  Liii'lilh. 
It  is  nearly  ak  lar<;e  as  (^ic  bee  ;  b'.'t  fi.i'''*  its  cor..;'.icll 
by  the  Britilh  arms  it  has  fulKred  much  by  tire. 

Hef  ire  the  eoiKjutlt  of  the  [irovince  of  Canada,  the 
dift'ereiir  tribes  of  Indians  iiiha[)iting  it  were  almoll  in- 
numer.ible.  But  thele  p'eop'le  aie  oiilcrved  to  decieale 
in  p  'puLti.'il  where  the  Lviropeans  arc  moll  numerous, 
owin^  chictlv  tf)  the  immod.  rate  ule  ot  fpiiiiious  li- 
(]'Mrs,   of  ulii,  ll  i!iry  are  exceiiiv<  Iv  tond. 

In  the  \rar  i7;.}  an  ait  v\as  paljrd  by  the  I'.irliamenc 
ofGiiit  I'll,  ,111,  allowing  the  inhabitants  of  il.e  pro- 
vin.e  of  l^i' Dec,  profeliiiig  tl.e  Roman  Cativ  li<  reli- 
i."on,  the  Irn  excicifeof  the  lame,  liiiijecl  to  the  Ring's 
f  ipreui.icy.  IJy  ihe  fame  act  their  cli  rgy  mav  enjoy 
tlieu  accullome  i  dues  and  rights,  but  with  rclpecl  on- 
ly t>  perf'ns  of  their  own  rcli  Jon  i  for  a  ri,  'it  is  re- 
fervcl  to  his  M.iieiiv  to  make  a  luit.ibie  provifion  lor 
tile  I'roted  lit  <  ieigy.  In  matters  of  piopertv,  refe- 
rence is  to  be  Iiad  lo  the  laws  ot  C.mada ;  but  criiiiiial 
c.iles  are  to  he  determined  by  the  laws  of  L'.ngland. 

\\  hile  the  I'rench  were  in  poirelllun  of  this  country 
the  liiviians  fun|)iitd  them  v\ith  pcitrv  ;  and  tlie  I  rencli 
had  tr.i.lers  who,  in  tlie  manner  of  the  (nigiiial  inhabi- 
tan^^,  trav- rfcd  the  vail  lakes  an  I  rivers  in  canoes,  with 
incredible  iidullry  aikl  patience,  c;'.rr\iiig  their  g  hkIs 
into  die  mo'l  remote  parts  of  Ameri.M,  .imongii  people 
unknown  to  any  other  iMimpeans.  Tli'.is  they  iiabirua- 
ttil  du'  liv.h.ins  to  ci'inmcrce,  and  tlicy  vifued  the 
l-'ien  h  in  rlieir  lenlcu.rntb.  I'or  this  ])urpolc  people 
I'lom  all  p.'.r's,  even  Irom  the  diilance  ot  lOCO  miles, 
raiiii  to  the  French  fair  at  .Mcntrc.il,  which  began  in 
]i'<'.w,  ;i.'id  f 'Uieiiiiics  killed  three  months.  M.ir.v  lo- 
leiimities  \\(ie  rbl'erved  on  tlu'le  oCLafionsi  guards 
W(  re  placed,  .md,  the  governor  alHlled,  to  piciervc  or- 
der in  fieh  .1  comourle,  conipofcd  oi  f  t  ic.it  a  variety 
01  la.-.i'.;e  ui  i  s.  l!i.'.  fi:r.eiiines  ;_;rr.it  tuuuihs  h.ip- 
j  eiicJ  ;  and  1  ■■  Ic.ii.ins  beir.tr  lifiiiui  ot  bran.Iy,  fre- 
i^uti.riv  g.ivc  1  1  li.  i;-  iVjerch,ciui.;e  icr  a  imail  qu..:.ci;y 
01  i.'iac  Ij  iriiu  'IS  lu-.i'.r. 

It  is  very  riniuk.dile,  that  many  of  thefe  Indians 
aduaily  [ulled  I  v  our  fetdemenr  ot  .\lbany,  in  New 
Vork,  and  ti.ivi-i'.-- I  upuards  o!  :rc  miles  tartr.jr  to 
Montreal,  thouuli  tiicv  iMi»ht  have  puicliaie.l  the  loiii- 
moiliiies  cluapcr  at  liie  innner  pl.ice.  .So  g^e.it  ,;n  af- 
lendaiicy  h.iJ  'lie  iMcnth  g.iined,  bv  tlieii  inlinuatiiig 
aiidirls,  o\ei  ihe  minds  nl  thefe  p,eo|.le. 

Sill' c  the  I'.ngI  111  became  pollelled  of  C.iiiad.i,  their 
ex|)Oits  to  (ji'cac  Britain,  in  tkins,  tins,  ginl'cnL;,  fnake- 
loot,  capillaiie,  and  wheaf,  have  greatly  iiii  realed,  as 
uell  as  the  imports  tfoin  Cjreat  Brit  lin.  Hence  the 
value  and  imponame  of  tiiis  tra.lc  m'..ll  be  evident.  Ic 
wouKI  toon  be  incieal'e.l  to  a  grt  at  d.egree,  were  the 
rivrr  St.  Lawrence  always  opui.  Hut  the  cxcelllve 
cold,  which  continues  there  from  December  to  April, 
renders  all  navigation  impractical>le.  An  ither  incon- 
venience ariles  friin  the  I'alls  ot'  the  river  St  La\srence, 
below  Montreal,  which  |MLvent  large  lliips  tfom  coin- 
ing to  that  emporium  of  inland  commerce. 

S  I'.  C  T  I  O  N     II. 

NOVA  SCOTLX,  or  NKW  SCOTLAND. 

.N'm'wc,    SiIii.i/io<i,    Kxtuil,    Bcu'iddrics,    C!:tiLilr,    ."?',7, 
PiiuLiic,    Riiv!iil:ijih,    Diii/i\iiS,    Ci'iuJ    l\'iu':s,  isc. 

Tills  country  obtained  the  name  of  Nova  Scotia 
from  Sir  William  .•Mexiniler,  fccretary  to  King 
J. lines  I.  that  monarcii  iuving  made  him  the  iirll  gran: 
of  lands  in  it. 

Novi 


ill 


-i 


5 


-i\V 


if 


40  i 


A  MAV,  ROYAI.,  anp  AU  rUr.N'TIC^  SV^TIM  or  rXIvn^SAL  GKOGRAl'HY. 


I  hi;. 


^ 


^Vt 


NovM  Scori.i  is  liniatfJ  bfH\i-eii  tlie  4,>i  ami  .lytli 
lil'Jr^■fs  of  north  l.uitui'.i-.  h  is  abonc  J50  miles  m 
lenl'tli,  ami  250  in  bn.'ailtli,  an.i  lr>!in.U\l  on  the  ii>ith 
by  "the  liver  St.  l.-mrence,  on  tlic  eill  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  on  the  l'oi;:h  by  the  liiir.e,  an-l  on  the  wcit  by 
Canada  am.!  Kcw  l''.ns'lan(J.  _  _ 

A  !;,rrat  part  of  the  country  conliils  oi'  thf  pcninluli 
that  iV  foiax-a  bv  the  Bav  of  1-uikIv,  Chcnigto,  and 
Green  Hay,  all  the  i<.:iroi'  wl.i.li,  fi 0111  Cape  Sable 
on  the  welt,  to  Cape  Caiifo  on  the  e.il!,  is  lined  uith 
Ihoatb  or  lands.  Beliues  the  Bays  above-mentioned, 
there  is  a  great  niitnbcr  of  others  all  ;don<;  tlie  coalK 
parrieularlv'G.ifpf,  Chaleers,  and  Chediui.clo,  on  tlie 
north-e-ur;  the  iJay  ..<f  Hlar.J:,  Chebii'^o,  and  l.a 
\  lere,  m  the  fiuth ;  and  the  H.,y  of  Annapolis  on  tlie 
liuith  iide  of  the  Bay  of  1-iindy.  In  tiiefe  bavs,  and 
other  p.rts  o(  the  (.o.ill,  are  many  fmc  roads  and  li.ivens. 
'rheehici  capes  are  dvneot  Rofieres  and  Ciaipe,  on  the 
iiorth-e.ilt  i  Capes  l'crt.i!;e,  Keounien  ic,  roiirnieniin, 
Port,  l''pi.-,  I'oL-er. ,  an.t  Canio,  on  the  eail ;  Cajes 
Blanci>,  \ert,  i  eo.i...'-e,  Dore,  l.a  Meve,  andX  egro, 
on  the  louth  ;  C;  e  .-s-iiik,  and  C.ipe  l''ourehe,  on  the 
foiuli-wtll.  The  rivers  and  lakes  aie  very  numerous. 
Of  the  firmer  the  molt  material  are  thufe  ot  St.  John, 
Faii,imj;^nai.ii,  IViMblcot,  and  M.  Croix,  which  run 
from  north  ^nd  f  ".ith,  and  tall  iiro  the  K.iy  of  l''iindv  ; 
.wA  thole  of  Ri!goi;ehe  and  Xipiliguir,  which  run  from 
well  to  call,  and  fall  iiuo  the  (iiilph  of  St.  l.awrence; 
and  that  of  Clicbucto,  that  f.iils  into  the  Atlantic.  Of 
the  hitter,  thole  called  Kefeben  and  l-'reiunile  are  very 
large;  but  tiiere  are  :n.iny  tlut  have  not  yet  received 
anv  i  irt'-iiVir  naiVi^s. 

The  chma-.e  of  this  country,  tliroiigh  the  Hidden 
traniition  from  nca:  to  cold,  has  been  faiiid  unfavour- 
able to  i-.'.Te.peaa  onllif.itions.  A  feve,'-i  months  in- 
tcnfe  Cold  is  genrrailv  fucceeded  by  a  heat  as  intenle, 
without  the  inter- ening  and  refrelhin;;  ll-ifons  ot  fpriiig 
and  autumn  ;  added  to  \^hlch,  the  criiintry  is  invcloptd 
in  the  {il.'om  of  a  fiu;  a  great  part  of  the  year. 

Ill  10  an  i.nfavoiirable  climate  little  produce  can  be 
expefied  fr'Mn  the  foil,  \vhith  being  tiiin  and  barren, 
the  c:)rri  ij  ot  a  IhrivVlled  kind  like  rvc,  atid  the  grafs 
intermixed  widi  a  cold  lj)ongy  mofs.  There  arc  tracks 
howtV'T.  f  t:-.e  fouthwaid,  v.hieli  are  lertile ;  and,  in 
fieni.  r.il.  r!,:-  '..-.i  is  a.ij;:;ed  to  die  [irodiice  ol  hemp  and 
rlax.  'i  l;e  timber  is,  in  general,  very  proper  lur  lliip 
buiAling. 

There  aie  the  f.,me  animal  here  ai  in  the  neighbotir- 
insi  provinces,  as  acer,  l)eavirs,  otters,  wild  low],  ami 
a\\  fpcci'-s  o{  game.  Many  kinds  of  LAimpean  qua- 
(.Iriioeds  rnd  ton  Is  have  bien  lent  here  from  time  to 
ti;;r',  and  t:;ri\c  well.  1  he  lilh  begin  to  'p-ivvn  at  the 
clofe  if  March,  whtn  they  enter  the  riv-rrs  in  vail 
Ih-ials.  I  ;(^-ri.■•.gs  come  u[)  in  April,  and  falmon  in 
•Mav.  IJnt  the  nnll  v.ihuble  appendage  to  Nova 
Sjoiia  is  Cape  Sable  coall,  al.  ng  which  is  one  continued 


range  of  cud  lilliing  b.ink>,  and  excellent  l.ir;;e  Iiar- 
bjiirs. 

This  coiintiv  has  often  reverted  tioni  one  private 
proprietor  to  another,  .in  I  from  tin:  brcnch  to  the  I'.ng- 
lilh  iiition.  It  was  ceiicd  to  the  iMcnih  liy  tlie  treaty 
of  liuda  in  iM'i  1  but  being  afierwaids  taken  l>y  the 
I'nglilh,  it  «as,  liy  the  tie.ity  of  Utnilit,  \iikled  up 
to  ilieni. 

hroin  divers  j^oliticat  motives,  a  rcfoiution  was  taken 
in  the  year  i74'(i  to  tbrm  a  fettlement  in  this  province 
at  the  expence  of  govcrnmint.  I'uiluant  to  the  l.mie, 
30.0  Biitilli  families  wire  tranlported  hither,  and  a 
town  was  errcitd  on  ine  Bav  ol  Chtbuilo,  and  called 
Ilaliilax,  in  honour  of  the  iarl  ol  1  lallila.x,  to  whole 
Wikluiu  .md  care  we  owe  this  l(  ttlemeiit. 

■[  he  town  of  I  Liliifax  is  very  loinmodioully  fituatetl 
for  the  till-.erv,  a. id  has  a  communication  with  inolb 
parts  of  the  province,  either  by  land  carriage,  the  lea, 
or  navii'able  rivers,  with  an  excellent  harbour  lor  ihip- 
ping.  It  has  .1!!  intreiKl'.mcnr,  Ihcni-.thined  with  torts 
of  timber.  The  tr.idc  of  the  inli.ibitants  is  in  tub, 
furs,  aiul  inval  llores. 

1  he  ()tlier  towns  of  l.-l>  note  are  Annapolis  Royal, 
wiiich,  though  but  fiiiall,  was  once  tlie  capi;al  ol  the 
province.  It  has  one  of  the  tinell  haiboiiis  111  America, 
capable  of  cT.tair.ing  1000  veffeib  to  aiuhor,  in  the 
utmolt  feciirity. 

.St.  John's  is  a  new  fetilenicnt  at  tl'.e  mouth  of  the 
rivrr  01  that  name. 

Bifire  Canaelawas  ceded  to  the  I'ligiiili,  that  colony 
liiti'ercd  greatly  from  the  liicurlions  ot  tl.e  Ind.i.uis,  in- 
loiiuich  th.it  the  people  could  hardly  extend  tlu  mfelvcs 
beyond  tiie  reach  of  the  cannon  ol  the  fort,  <  r  atteml 
their  works,  even  in  tiiat  coniincd  circle,  vithjut  tl'.c 
gie.itcll  danger. 

In  the  year  17S4  this  province  w.is  ifuided  info  two 
giA'erniTients,  vi;-..  New  Scotland  and  New  Hriiiifwick. 
The  latter  is  bounded  on  the  welUvard  of  t!ie  river  St. 
Croix  by  the  laid  liver  to  its  lource,  ami  by  a  line  drawn 
due  north  fioin  thence  to  the  iouthern  boundary  of 
tjui'bcc  ;  to  tlie  northward  of  the  lame  boundary  as  far 
as  tlie  \\tllcrn  extremityjot  the  B.iy  of  Chaleurs;  to  the 
eallward  bv  the  laid  b.iy  to  the  tiiilph  ot  St.  l,a\^•rence. 
to  the  lay  called  Bay  Vdte;  to  the  lijuth  liy  a  line  in 
the  center  ot  the  Bay  of  l-'un.ly,  from  the  center  of  St. 
Croix  af.irelaid  to  tiie  nu/Uth  of  the  Mulvpi.ir  river;  by 
the  laid  livcr  to  its  lource,  and  from  thence  by  a  due 
eail  line  acrofs  the  ifllimiis  into  the  Bay  \'erte,  to  join 
the  callern  lot  above  defcrilied,  including  a.li  illanus 
w'itliin  fix  leagues  of  tlie  coall. 

Since  the  conclcifion  of  the  American  war,  the  emi- 
grai.  :n  of  loyalills  to  this  province  from  the  United 
States  has  lieen  very  great.  By  them  new  towns  have 
been  railed,  [larticularly  Slielburne,  whicli  extends  two 
miles  on  the  water-fide,  contains  a  great  number  of 
lioulcb,  and  many  tli;uiland  inhabitants. 


C     II     .\     V 


y. 


UNITED     STATES    or     AMERICA. 


I   N    T   R   O   D  V  C  T  ION. 

Wiill(->i  1  entering  on  the  particulars  relative 
to  tiie  w.ir  bitweeii  (ireat  ISritain  aiul  lier.'\me- 
ritan  Colonies,  which  terminated  the  ellablilhment 
fif  the  I'nited  Staiei  of  America,  tis  tliele  are  ui.iver- 
fUly  know'n,  it  may  luihce,  by  way  of  inirodii.  don  to 
thi'j  part  <jf  our  work,  to  remark,  tiiat  on  the  4th  of 
July,  ijyf'i  the  congrtf.  [)iil)li!f,eil  a  Uilcmii  ileclara- 
ti  in,  feuing  I'vrth  tiie  c.iuie?.  of  their  withdrawing  their 
alle^ia:  ve  li^oni  tlic  crown  of  Great  Brit.iin. 

'1  hey  iKated,  in  the  name,  I'nd  by  the  authority,  of 
fhe  united  colonies  of  New  Hampd^irc,  Mallathulctt's 


Bav,  Rhode  illand  and  Providence  Plantations,  Con- 
necticut, New  York,  New  Jerley,  Pennlslvania,  De- 
laware, Maryland,  N'irginia,  North  C.irolina,  South 
Carolina,  and  Georgia,  that  they  then  were,  and,  o( 
riglit,  ought,  to  be  I'ree  and  Iniiependent  States,  and 
that,  as  Inch,  they  had  lull  power  to  levy  war,  ton- 
clmle  pe.ue,  contract  alli.uucs,  ellablilh  commerce, 
ami  perlorm  all  other  aiits  and  tlung>,  which  iiidejjen 
dent  ll,ue>  may  of  ri.;ht  tio.  They  alio  pi.lililhetl  arti- 
cles of  contederatioii  and  perpetual  union  between  the 
united  colonies,  in  which  thev  aHlinied  the  title  of 
"  'i'he  Uiulnl  S!.Ui>  of  /l)iHi!u:." 

For 


MIY. 

t  l.u,';e  ii.ir- 

onc  |iriv:ue 
ItOtlK"  I'.iig- 
by  ihr  treaty 
t.ikfn  liy  the 

\(in  was  takca 
this  province 
to  the  lanle, 
litlicr,  and  i 
(),  aiui  callfii 
ax,  to  wholij 

ioullv  ("itiintctl 
ill  v^nh  molt 
i.ii;e,  tlie  fca, 
joiir  lor  ihip- 
icil  with  torts 
its  is    in  rilli, 

lapclis  Knya!, 
LMj.iial  ol  the 
i  111  Aiiurica, 
nchor,  in  tlic 

mouth  of  the 

ii,  that  colony 
c  Invli.iiis,  in- 
lui  th<  mk'lvcs 
i'ort,  (  r  attend 
c,  V  Itiuuc  tl'.e 

,  iilc'l  into  two 
fw  Hniiitwick. 
>r  tin-  river  St. 
by  a  line  drawn 
1  bounJaiy  of 
boundary  as  far 
ii.ikurs ;  to  the 

St.  Lawrence, 
di  by  a  hue  in 
a-  center  of  St. 
I.jii.it  river;  by 
I, dice  by  a  due 

\'crte,  to  |()in 
liing  D.li  I  lianas 

1  war,  the  emi- 
1111  the  United 
cvv  towns  have 
ch  extends  two 
eat  number  of 


^. 


lantations,  Con- 
nuts  Ivania,  De- 
J.irolina,  South 
1  were,  and,  of 
.lent  States  und 

levy  war,  con- 
)lilh   comnirree, 

which  iniiepen- 
lo  pi.billlifd  arti- 
nion  between  ilie 
K-d    the    title    of 


1-ur 


P. 

JO 

er 

he 


Ird 
h- 

iie 
i:e 


%. 


ns, 
es, 
jr- 
-.nd 
in- 
)pe 
.rd- 
lold 

'HS, 

lire 

iJats 
Iher 
;  of 
this 

0'.  i- 
ikins 
Mghc 
10  b- 

jwcd 
id  is 

;hnd 

■nent 

,d  all 

pwn. 

ids  of 

'ticcs, 

-.S  en- 

1    tjie 

gative 

ilimit- 

lat  he 

^   Au- 

Dlonv, 

JEng- 

1f  this 

j-  they 

crown 

Afma- 

i-e  N-a- 


jh.ing- 

. 'which 

[•  2s:h 

«cil  ac 

fs,  ab- 
*  to  tlic^.  1 
'indent,    W- 


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I 


AMERICA.] 

F.ir  tlie  more  conv-'im 
interclh  dI  thi'll*  ttatrs, 
g.i"i*s  Itidulil  l)r  anmi.illv 
till'  Ift^ill.uure  ot'  c.irli  it 
I'ori'^ril .  1)11  tilt;  lirll  Mi 
yt-.ir,  with  :i  powtT  n-lc 
I'di-f^itcs,  (ir  .my  of  ilien 
or  to  Icn.l  others  in  thrir 
year.  In  d'Tirniinuij;  ( 
in  congrels  alfemblcil,  c; 
J-vrry  Hate  is  to  abitic 
Unital  Srati's  in  ron;;it 
fiihinittrd  to  tlii-in  l)V  th^ 
ot'  the  colli'  .lcr.iti>n  aie 
every  Hate,  ami  the  iinior 
alteration,  at  ,inv  time  hi 
ihi'iTi,  iiiilcrs  I'kh  alteiMti 
of  the  I  'iiiteil  States,  ar 
by  the  lej»illatiire  of  ever 

On  the  j.th  of  J  ini 
rondiuleil  a  treaty  <>f  a 
'liiirteen  United  Coloiiit 
Hates.  1  lolland  aekn(i« 
1782  :  and  on  the  v-'h  1 
articles  were  ligned  at  1'. 
can  coininiirioners,  in  v. 
knowiedsJi-d  the  thirteen 
and  inde|.eni.len'  da  i.-.s  1 
wards  ratiiii'd  hv  a  derini 
kdged  tiiein  as  Uit'i  Kelii 
of  Kchru.iry,  i7Jj ;  S| 
July,   17HJ. 


S  E  C  1 

N  I'.  W      1 

Situation.  Extrut.  Rmcuit 
Produce.  Artuifiof  f. 
litnii  Trn.lc.  Rdiginn 
payt'.c.diir  Q'lontfs  ant 

Nl'.W  Knghind  is  fiti 
degrees  of  nortii 
t'/ees  of  well  lon{:ittide 
tile  nortU-v  eft  ;  l^y  No 
north  eall ;  liy  the  At 
foiitli  i  and  by  tlie  provi 
beinj;  55c  miles  long, 
vi,;.  New  1  Iani|!lliirc, 
illand  and  I'roviiienre  I 

The  I'limmers  in  New 
tion,  I'or  the  I'pate  ol 
clear,  wliitli  renders  the 
faid  to  ai^ree  better  witii 
other  of  tin-  Aineriean  p 
lon;^  ami  levere,  the  wii 
cxtieiiiely  (li.irp,  but  n 
cribe  tlie  eail,'  .ipproaeh 
the  winters,  to  the  lariu 
north-well  ot'  New  ]■ 
frozen  over  frorii  the  b;-; 
or  July,  otcafiKi  thole 
fatal  to  maiiners  on  th 
land  is  gLiieraiiv  low,  a 
tlie  country  it  riles  into 
comes  altogether  rockv 

The  foilaliout  the  M 
grafs  rank,  but  the  upi 
Old  England  came  to 
country  in  general  proJi 
Imlian  corn,  and  all  kin 
are  inferior  to  thole  ofC 
a  prodigious  bulk  j  ami 
trees,  pitch,  tar,  rolin, 
the  foil  all,)  [-loducing 
built,  and  rigged  out,  \ 
No.  4;. 


AMERICA.] 


NORTH       A  M  F  R  I  C  A. 


4$.? 


For  the  more  convt-nie  u  ni.iii.\g('mf  nt  ot  the  gciicr.il 
inferclls  ol  tlu  I'e  Ihitrs,  it  vva>  lii-UTiniard,  iluit  iltie- 
g.i'ps  IhduM  Uf  .inrm.illy  .ifipoliitfil  in  Inch  inannrr  as 
the  Iff^illittire  of  i.itli  Ihn-  liioiiK!  iliii-d,  to  meet  in 
loni^rtl .  on  tliK  I'irll  Mond.iv  in  Novi-inbrr  of  cvt-ry 
year,  witi)  ;l  jiowtr  ivlrrvcil  in  <i(li  Ihlf  to  rrf.ill  irs 
I'c-k'^irts,  or  aiiv  ot  ilic;n,  at  any  timi'  within  ilic  year, 
or  to  k-n,l  others  in  their  lU-.ul,  for  th.-  rcm.iiniliT  of  tin 
year.  In  (i>-tirminin^  i]Mi-llioii.  in  the  I 'iMtcil  .St,ttrs, 
in  congrels  aire!nl)lttl,  each  llate  is  to  li  ivr  one  vote. 
J'.vtry  llate  is  to  abiilc  hy  the  itrterinination  of  the 
United  States  in  conyrels  aireinhieil,  on  all  (]iielH')n. 
iiibinittrd  to  them  1)V  the  eontederation.  The  artic  Ics 
f)l'  the  rout'  .Icratiin  are  to  he  inviolalilv  oblerved  hy 
every  llate,  anil  the  union  is  to  be  perpetual ;  nor  is  any 
alteration,  at  anv  time  iiereatter,  to  he  made  in  any  of 
liiein,  iinlel'^  fu  h  alteration  he  a;;rced  to  in  a  congrels 
of  the  United  States,  and  to  he  afterwards  conlirmed 
by  the  lei;illatiirc  of  everv  llate. 

On  the  .-J  ith  of  Jiniiarv,  177*^.  the  French  Kin,^ 
concluded  a  treaty  of  amity  and  commerce  with  the 
Tliirtecn  Uriited  Colonies  ot  America,  as  independent 
Hates.  Holland  .ncknowled^eil  them  as  liii  h  .\piil  ic), 
\-j'ii  :  ami  on  the  v'tli  of  November  17S:,  provifioiial 
articles  were  ligiied  at  I'aris  bv  the  Kritilh  ami  Ameri- 
can coinmiirioners,  in  which  his  lirir  mnic  Maielly  ac- 
knowleds^ed  the  thiriecn  colonies  to  he  free,  lijvereign, 
and  independent  flaes;  and  thrfe  articles  vvere  after- 
wards ratified  hv  a  definitive  treaty.  Sweden  acknow- 
ledged tnem  as  Uich  February  5,  17R;  ;  Denmark  2;fli 
of  February,  ivjjj  Spain  in  March,  and  Rullia  m 
July,   17SJ. 


S  K  C  T  I  O  N       I. 

N  I-.  W      i:  N  G  I,  A  N   D. 

SitiMlinn.  Exienl.  Bowhltirin.  D:i'/iiiti<..  Clnnitif.  Sivl. 
Prcihice.  Ayttdf<of  F.xpott.itu^n  iiiui  ImpoytaOcn.  Ir.- 
laiid  TrnJf.  Religion.  Goveniincnt.  Drjii ipllon  0/ 
pivticular  Ci'lioiif^  an  I  Tou:n\. 


NF.W  l'".nf;lanii  is  fltiiatcd  between  the  41  (1  and  4sth 
degrees  of  north  latitude,  and  ti7th  and  ~  \.\  de- 
t',rees  of  well  lonj.'itude.  It  is  bounded  hy  Canada  on 
the  ncrtbvcfl;  hy  Nova  Scotia,  or  Arcadia,  on  the 
nnrtli  call  i  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean  on  the  call  and 
fouth  i  and  hy  t'le  province  of  New  York  on  the  wi'il; 
being  55c  miles  long.  It  comprehends  fuir  culnnies, 
vii;.  New  1  lamplhire,  Maliachuletts  Bay,  Rliode 
illand  and  I'rovidence  i'lantation,  and  Conne>.1icut. 

I'hc  t'ummers  in  New  Farmland  are  but  of  Ihort  dura- 
tion. F'(jr  the  fpace  of  two  months  the  Iky  is  iK'rfeC'lly 
clear,  wliicli  renders  the  country  fo  healthy,  that  it  is 
fiid  to  agree  better  with  Btitilli  conllitutions  than  any 
oilier  of  the  American  province'-.  The  winters  ari  here 
long  ami  leverc-,  the  vvind  often  hoillerotis,  and  tlie  air 
extremely  lliarp,  but  not  intolerable.  NaturalilF  af- 
cribe  the  eail.  appro.ach,  and  the  length  and  feverity  of 
the  winters,  to  the  large  frelli  water-iakes  lying  to  the 
north-well  01  New  Fngland,  which  being  conllantly 
frozen  over  from  the  beginning  of  Novcml)er  to  June 
or  July,  occaiion  ihol'e  piercing  winds,  wlii,-|i  prove  lo 
fatal  to  mariners  on  this  coalt.  Toward:,  the  lea  the 
land  is  gLnerallv  low,  and  frequently  marlhy  ;  but  in 
the  country  it  riles  into  hills,  and  on  the  north-call  be- 
comes altogether  rocky  and  mountainous. 

The  foil  about  tiie  M  ilficliuletts  Bay  is  black,  anil  the 
prafs  rank,  hut  the  uplands  are  Iruitfiil.  The  fruits  of 
Old  F.ngland  come  to  great  perlection  here ;  and  the 
country  in  gener.il  produces  corn,  pulle,  efculent  jilants, 
Indian  corn,  and  all  kinds  of  timber.  'i"hc  oaks  here 
are  inferior  to  thole  of  Old  F.ngland  ;  but  the  firs  are  of 
a  prodigious  bulk  i  ami  they  ilraw  from  thcfe  and  otlier 
trees,  pitch,  tar,  rolln,  turpeiiiine,  gums,  and  balm  : 
the  loil  alio  [noducing  hemp  and  fiax,  a  llii()  may  be 
built,  and  rigged  out,  with  tli«  produce  thereof. 
No.    I  ;. 


There  is  here  {^rcat  abundance  .^nd  v.iriety  of  fowl,  as 
neele,  ilucks,  turkics,  hens,  partridges,  widgrons, 
fwans,  herons,  heathcocks,  pigeons,  iVc.  nor  is  the 
leathered  kind  in  greater  pFiity  than  the  i|uadrupeds, 
more  immxliatelv  neteiriiv  t o  lurman  fubfil'.ence  and 
i<invenien>.e.  All  kinds  of  F.tiropian  cattle  thrive  a.ul 
multiply  exceedingly.  1  he  hirl.  s  of  the  prf)vince  are 
h.irdy,  metilelome,  and  lervici  able,  hut  f mil.  Here 
are  alio  dkj,  deer,  hares,  rabbits,  fcpfnrrls,  beavers, 
otteis,  nvnkie  ,  racoons,  fables,  b-ars,  wolves,  foxes, 
together  with  a  v.iritty  of  other  tame  and  wild  quadru- 
peils :  but  the  moll  extr.iordinaiy  of  tlicic  animals  is  the 
mole,  or  moofe  deerj  the  bl.^l;  I'pecies  of  whicii  is 
about  I  :  Icet  high,  with  four  Imrns,  and  broad  palins, 
lome  dillant  ne.r  12  feet  liom  the  tip  of  one  horn  to 
the  other.  I  lis  l)ody  is  ahi)Ut  tliC  li/.e  of  a  bull;  his 
neck  relciTibIc-.  a  lla;;'s  i  his  tel  i>  I  inK'\\h.lt  longer, 
and  liis  llefl)  extremely  grateful.  I'he  liglit-colourej 
moofe,  calleil  11:  .m'lMn  by  the  Indians,  is  of  a  fmaller 
llatiire,  and  much  more  coinm'in  tJKm  the  black.  The 
rattle- liiake  is  an  itlier  natural  curijfiiy  of  New  Film- 
land, thougii  not  j-.ec'iliar  to  it. 

'I'he  fnrrounding  leas,  and  interfe(5ling  li.'ers,  afford 
abiindince  of  lilh  ;  conic  |'i!  nrly  theie  are  many  filh- 
eries,  particularly  (or  cod  and  mackard. 

Sugar-baking,  dillilling,  p.ip'.  rniaking,  and  tiie 
fait  works,  arc  improveable  ;  an^l  the  iron-mines  are 
confulerable. 

The  p'-oj)le  export  bilciiit,  iTical,  lalt  provilions, 
fometimes  c.iole  and  horfes,  pian'-.s,  ho.ips,  (liingles, 
pipieilaves,  butter,  cheefe,  grain,  oil,  t.dlow,  tur- 
pentine, b.irk,  call  Ikins,  toliacco,  a[>plcs,  cyder,  and 
onions.  1  iiey  import,  in  return,  lugar,  cotton,  gin- 
ger, and  vaiioiis  other  commodities.  I'rom  F'.urope 
they  import  wine,  lilks,  woilhn  cloths,  toys,  hard- 
ware, linen,  ribb  ins,  llufis,  l.ices,  paper,  houlrhoki 
furniture,  husbandry  t  lols  of  all  kinds,  cord.age,  hats, 
llockings,  lli()es,  an  1  India  go;)ds.  They  manufadure 
coarfe  linen  and  .vo  illen  <  loth  for  their  own  ufe.  Hats 
are  alio  made  here,  and  iind  a  good  tale  in  the  other 
colonies,  'i'he  bull  'cfs  ot  lh.ip-b;:;'ding  was  one  of 
the  greatcll  and  molt  protltahle  employments  of  tk.ia 
country. 

'i'he  inland  trade,  belldes  mills,  vards  ^ntl  prnvi- 
fions  of  all  l.inJs,  confills  chietly  of  furs,  and  tlie  fkins 
of  be.ivers  and  tnartins.  The  fns  and  fkins  are  brought 
in  hy  the  Imli.iii.s  eljiecially  tliofe  on  the  rivers  Fenob- 
fcot  and  St.  J<-hn. 

In  New  I'ligland  every  feifl  of  ChrilVnns  is  allowed 
the  free  exercife  of  tiicir  own  mode  of  religion,  and  is 
eqii.illy  under  the  protection  of  law. 

\\  ith  rcfpccl  to  the  government  of  New  England 
jirevious  tf)  the  revolt  of  the  culonies,  tiie  appointment 
of  a  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  fecretary,  and  all 
tlie  oflicers  of  the  admiralty,  was  veflcd  in  the  crown, 
d  he  power  of  the  militia  was  wh'Oly  in  the  hands  of 
the  g'lvenvir  as  capt.iin-j'eneral.  .AH  judges,  juftices, 
and  IlierilTs,  to  wliom  the  execution  ot  the  law  was  en-  . 
trulled,  were  nominated  by  the  governor,  with  tjie 
aitvice  of  the  council.  I'he  governor  had  a  negative 
on  the  choice  of  ccmnfellors,  prcreinptory  and  unlimit- 
ed. Fie  was  not  obliged  to  giv  •  a  reafon  loi  what  lie 
ilid  in  this  p.irticulir,  or  lellrained  to  anv  nunilier.  Au- 
thentic copies  ol  tlie  fever.  I  a^'ts  palled  by  this  colony, 
as  well  as  others,  were  tranlmitted  to  the  court  of  Eng- 
land for  the  rriyal  approbation:  l^ut  it  the  lav/s  of  this 
colony  were  not  repealed  within  three  years  after  thev 
were  prei'entcd,  tiny  were  ivit  repe.dab!e  hy  the  cro.vn 
alter  rh.it  time.  No  laws,  ordinances,  e'e'iions  of  ma- 
gillrates,  or  arts  of  government  wiiatfuv.. .,-,  were  va- 
lid without  the  govern;)r's  content  in  writing. 

But  this  mole  ol  government  has  been  :  itally  cli.ing- 
cd  with  the  rcvnlution  that  flnce  to.iiv  place,  hf  which 
we  have  already  given  an  account.  I:  w.i,.  on  the  25th 
of  July,  1776,  that,  by  an  order  from  the  council  ac 
Bollon,  the  declaration  of  the  Americ.in  congrefs,  ab- 


\ 


alligiance  to  tlie^.^ 
Cntilh  crown,  and  declarini;  tliem  free  and  independent,  -jP  ■ 


insj  the  united  colonies  from  their 

IWIl, 

I  h 


t| 


i 


ii 


H     •'  • 


';    I    I 


■ji ; 


t^    h^t 


494        A  NESV,  KOVAI.,  and  AUTIirNTIC  SYSIKM  or  UNIVl.KSAI.  GI.OGRAl'I  lY. 


I  r 


i 


was  piil-lulv  pn)cl.iimc.l  irom  tlic  baKouy  of  the   ftatc   | 

llOUlC  ill  tll.lt  tllWIl.  j 

A  LDiilhtutioii,  i)r  ('urm  of  govemnv  nr,  for  ilie  com-   ^ 
mon  wcalili  ot  M.illu  luilctt's,   incKnlinj;  .i  ik-clarati'in  j 
«)f  rights,  wai;  agreed  to,  aiui  took  jilaii-,  in  0>.'tol)iT, 
1780.      riiis  goviriiment  w.ii  lornial  aluoliitclv  mion 
republican   priiuipli's,    botli   in   a   civil   aiul   rdij^ioii* 
fcnff. 

riic  Mailacliuktts  colony  rrccivnl  its  name  from  the 
Indians  who  inhabitnl  fhclV  parts  wjicn  the  l-'n^lilh 
lirll  ciinc  liuluT.  h  i^  liiUliu-lcd  into  the  provinces 
of  i'lyiiuHitli,  Mad'achiiletts  Projur,  and  Mawie. 

I'lvniouth  provincr  i>  divided  into  the  counties  ot 
Hriih)!.  I'lvmouth,  and  Barnllipl--.  llrillol,  the  (hid 
town  ol  tiie  county  ol  that  name,  is  large  and  populous, 
has  a  comuwdious  harbour,  and  is  well  fituatcd  for 
traile. 

In  the  province  of  MairacluHetts  I'npcr  are  the 
counties  ot'  Siiliolk,  Mivldiclex,  anvl  I'llix.  I'heir 
chief  t.iwns  arc  Bodon,  (Jamhiivige,  and  Salem. 

Bodon  is  not  only  tiie  ihief  town  i.t'  MallacluMVtts 
I'ropcr,  hut  of  all  New  l-,n>;l.ind.  It  llands  on  a  penin- 
fula  at  the  bottom  of  Malfachuletts  Bay,  about  ei^ht 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  is  v\cll  t'irtiiied.  The  ap- 
proach to  the  harbour  by  fliippin;,;  is  narrow,  but  within 
it  theie  i^  roiMn  enough  for  501  lad  to  lie  at  anchor,  in 
a  gootl  dej'rh  (if  water.  t.)noneofthe  illinds  of  the 
bay  ftandi  fort  \\'illiam,  the  moll  reuijlar  fortrels  be 
longing  to  the  United  States.  N'o  tlnp  can  approach 
the  town  without  pafTing  directly  under  the  guns  ol  the 
fort.  About  two  Ir.igucs  liom  the  city  is  a  hghthoule, 
eudcd  on  a  rock.  At  the  bottom  of  the  bay,  which 
is  very  fp.icioi!.,,  is  a  pier,  near  :;oo  feet  in  length,  v  rh 
a  row  ot  merchanis  warehoufes  on  the  north  tide.  i  ne 
city  lie-,  in  the  iliape  n(  a  lialf  moon  round  the  harbour, 
bein;^  m  len^;th  about  two  miles  and  in  tome  places  near 
three  (|uarters  of  a  mile  broad.  The  principal  llrect 
runs  from  the  pier  up  to  the  town-houle,  wliii.h  is  a 
handfonie  building,  wi;h  walks  tor  the  merchant',. 
This  edince  contains  the  courts  of  |uilice,  the  cnuncil- 
chainber,  and  the  houl'e  of  reprct'cntatives.  There  are 
l.jme  places  of  public  worlhip,  and  other  llruiftures, 
both  I'paciojs  an.l  elegant. 

Cambridge  Town,  commonly  called  Newton,  is 
fituaicJ  un  the  nort.'icrn  branch  of  Charles's  river,  about 
three  miles  from  Bollu/i,  in  whiLli  are  leveral  good 
llreets :  but  it  is  moll  confiderable  tor  its  univcrli'v, 
conl"ill;r.;  of  two  colleges,  c.iii.'d  by  the  names  ot  I  la 
vertord  C'lllege  and  Stoughton-1  lall.  The  univrifity 
is  governed  by  a  [irciident,  tive  fellows,  and  the  treafii- 
rcr,  who  have  each  of  them  a  competent  revenue  lettlrd 
on  them. 

At  Lexington,  in  the  county  ■>(  Middlel'ex,  the  tirll 
blood  was  filed  in  the  unliappy  contrll  between  tireat 
Britain  and  the  colonies.  Charles  Town,  o|. polite  to 
Bollon,  was  let  on  lire  in  tlie  attack  of  Bunker's  I  liil. 

Salem  is  fituatcd  on  a  plain  between  two  rivers,  on 
each  t)(  wliich  it  h.is  a  haruour  about  18  miles  nortli  of 
Bolton.  Its  [)rincijiai  bufiiiets  is  fliip-biiilding,  particu- 
larly tlie  onlirutiion  of  lilliiiig  linacks. 

The  province  ot'  .\I.iine  contains  the  two  counties  of 
York  and  Cornwall,  oi  \\Wi\.h  the  chief  towns  are  Scar- 
borough and  I'almouth. 

The  chief  towns  of  the  province  of  New  I  lainplliire 
are  1  lanijiton,  Portfrnouth,  and  I'.xeter,  all  of  which 
lie  near  t'le  mouth  of  the  river  I'iicataiiua. 

'1  he  colony  ot  Connecticut  is  about  ico  miles  in 
length,  and  70  in  breadth.  ConnciUcut  River,  which 
is  one  ol  the  l.ir  .cil  in  New  England,  runs  through  the 
Jieart  of  the  provi.ice,  and  is  navigable  .ibout  ,(.u  miles 
for  large  veii'els,  and  much  liirther  for  Imall  ones. 
This  Colony  abuundi  in  metals  and  naval  llores,  el'pe 
tially  li'ub.r,  and  has  many  good  ports.  The  colony 
is  divided  into  fo'.T  counties,  aivl  its  chief  towns  arc 
Kcwhavcn,   1  ientord,  and  New  l/)ndon. 

Kev.'aven  Hands  upon  the  coalf,  and  has  a  collei^e 
for  academical  learning,  i  ailed  Yale- Hall,  pretty  well 
enJj'.ved,  and  fuiniihcd  witli  a  good  library. 


I  lertforil  i*  a  liandlonie,  populous  town,  fjtuated  on 
the  bai.ks  of  Connei'ticut  Kiver. 

New  l.otidoii  i>  ,1  town  ot  go'hl  trade,  liriiatrd  on  the 
well  tide,  and  MS.  the  muuth  ol  the  river,  called 
III  inus. 

Coimrcliiut  i'l  ileemed,  in  pio^)ortion  to  iti  extent, 
to  exceed  every  ocl;-r  colon),  of  .\nienia,  .is  well  in 
the  abundaiue  ot  people,  .is  euliivarion  ot  foil.  1  he 
men,  in  general,  are  robiitl,  lloiit,  and  tall.  The 
greatell  care  is  taken  of  the  limbs  and  bixlies  cit  infants, 
whiih  .ue  kept  llr.'it  by  means  of  a  biiard  i  a  prarticc 
learned  ol  the  In  li  m  women  ;  il)  that  detortnity  is  here 
a  r.uity.  'lUc  women  .ire  handlome  and  genteel  in 
their  perl'on>,  and  mmlelt  and  relcrved  in  their  beha- 
\ioiir.  1  hey  do  not  loll  iw  idle  aniulement';,  but  em- 
ploy their  time  in  luch  puiluits  as  tend  to  the  imorovc- 
ment  ot'the  mind.  '1  he  people  here  a:e  very  hufpita- 
ble  to  II  rangers. 

In  n  I  part  of  the  world  :'re  the  people  in  general  I'o 
independent,  or  polU'ls  more  ol  the  convciiiencies  of 
life,  than  in  New  I'ngland.  They  are  uled,  from 
their  infant  v,  to  the  exeriite  of  arms:  and  before  the 
contell  with  the  niotlier  country,  the\  ii.ul  a  militia 
whidi  was  hv  no  means  contemptible:  but  their  mili- 
tary llrength  is  now  much  more  conliderable. 

riie  coloi.y  of  Rhode  Illand  comprehends  a  dilhicl 
on  the  continriit,  called  Providence  I'lantaiion.  The 
itl.ind.  which  is  about  1  ,  01  i(3  miles  long,  and  about 
lour  or  live  broad,  is  called  the  I'ar.uiifc  of  New  J'.ng- 
laiid,  from  the  liuittulnels  of  the  toil,  and  the  tempe- 
rateaels  of  the  (Innate. 

Providence  Plantation,  which  lies  oppofite  to  Rhode 
Illand,  is  about  :o  miles  Iquare,  and  has  two  large 
towns,  one  of  which  is  calleil  Providence,  and  the 
otiier  Warwick. 

The  lovers  of  literature  cannot  but  feel  a  I'atisfaifllon 
when  they  are  reminded  that,  notwithflanding  the  cala- 
mities of  a  war,  ( .irried  on  with  the  utmolf  animolity 
liy  the  parties  eii;',.iged  on  e.uh  fide,  the  council  and 
houle  (it  repreleiitaiives  of  Mallachuielts  I')ay,  palled 
an  ac't  in  May  780,  for  incorporating  and  ellablilhing 
a  fncirty  for  the  cultivation  and  promotion  of  the  arts 
.ind  Iciences,  intitled  "  I'hc  .'Vmerican  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences." 


S  1'.  C    1    1  O   N       11. 


N     !■.     U 


Y     O     R     K. 


Tl  IL.  colony  of  New  York  is  lituated  between  40 
and  .>')  degrees  of  north  latitude.  Its  length  is 
about  jco  miles,  and  its  breadth  about  150.  This 
]'roviiice,  inclikiing  the  Ifland  ol  '  I'ew  York,  Long 
Uland,  and  Statcn  Illand,  is  divided  nto  the  ten  fol- 
lowing cniiiuies,  New  '^'ork,  Alb.iny,  Ulller,  Ouchefs, 
C)ran:^e,  Welt  Cheller,  Ki.ig'i,  Qi^iecn's,  SuHblk,  and 
Richmond.  I'hc  chicl  towns  arc  New  '^'ork,  Albany, 
and  Schncitady. 

The  principal  rivers  are  I  ludfons,  the  Mohawk,  and 
the  Delaware.  I  he  tiirmer  abounds  with  excellent 
harbours  and  a  great  vaiiety  of  filh.  On  the  Mohawk 
is  a  large  cataract,  called  the  Cohocs,  or  g'-  t  Water- 
fall. 1  his  liirpriling  cataratft  is  a  ([uartc.  of  a  mile 
bro.id,  and  70  leet  deep.  The  water  precipitating  it- 
lelf  from  fi:veral  rocks  which  project  fiom  the  relt,  falls 
down  on  every  fide  in  torrents,  and  being  broken  near 
the  bottom  by  many  fe|)aratc  cr.ags,  riles  in  a  white 
froth.  From  the  v.liole  ariles  a  inilty  cloud,  that  de- 
fcends  like  fmall  rain,  and  exhibits,  when  the  fun  fhincs, 
a  beautiful  rainbow.  1  he  chief  lakes  are  George, 
Cham|)lain,  and  Ont.uia. 

As  Ncv/  York  lies  to  the  loiirhwaid  of  New  I'ngland, 
it  enjoys  a  nn.re  li.ippy  temj)eratiire  v(  climate.  'I  he 
air  (jf  this  priivince  is  very  ialiitary.  The  face  of  the 
country,  rd'cmbling  that  of  the  neighbouring  cokjnies, 
is  low,  flat,  and  mariliy,  towards  the  tea.  As  you  re- 
cede from  the  coalt,  the  eye  is  entertained  with   the 

gradual 


Ili^N 


AMERICA.] 

gradual  Iwclling  of  hilU,  v/WuU  tvrr,mc  l,irf»e  in  pro- 
portion a-i  y'>u  .Klvanic  info  tin*  roui.  rv. 

'I'hr  loll  IS  vi-ry  tiitilf  in  tiiDil  paits  of  ili  •  provinrr, 
producing  whcai,  ryt-,  liidi.in  corn,  harlty,  llux,  and 
iruits,  in  great  abiiiuLuuc  and  pttfrfMdii.  Ilic  tinihrr 
is  nearly  the  laiut-  vMtli  th.it  of  New  Kn^land.  A  great 
deal  (il  iiiin,  and  of  excellent  iiualifv,  is  found  here. 

The  aiiuiials  in  gctuial,  of  this  province,  are  the 
filiiic  with  tliole  of  N'W  I'.ngland. 

The  citv  of  New  York  (fands  on  ilic  fDUili  wcfl  end 
of  York  llland,  whirh  is  about  twrKe  miles  lonj-,  an<l 
three  bni.iil,  and  extremi  Iv  well  fituated  tor  trade,  at 
the  mouth  of  I  Iiidfon's  Kiver,  being  a  nol)le  ronvev- 
anre  fron»  Albanv,  and  many  other  towns  towards  Ca- 
nada and  the  Ukrs.  'I'his  city  is  about  a  mile  in  length, 
anti  halt  a  mile  in  brea.lth.  TSe  city  and  harbour  are 
defi  ndi-d  liv  a  fort  and  ()attiTV.  In  the  fort  is  a  Ijiacious 
nunlion  houle  fir  the  iile  of  the  goveinor.  .Some  of 
the  houles  aie  elegant  i  and  the  city,  thiugh  irregul.irly 
built,  alFords  a  tine  proljiect.  A  founh  pait  of  tlicciry 
w.is  burnt  down  by  lomc  inrrndiaties  in  1776,  on  tiie 
King's  troops  t.ikmg  it.  A  great  part  of  theinhabi  .1  its 
are  clefcended  from  the  Dutch  families  who  remained 
Jieie  after  the  liirrender  of  the  New  Netherlands  to  the 
Tnalilh. 

No  part  of  America  is  better  rujiplied  with  markets, 
abounding  with  great  plenty  and  variety  of  provifions. 
It  is  at  once  the  metropolij  and  grand  mart  of  the  [iro- 
vincc,  and,  by  its  coinmodious  fitiiation,  commands 
alio  the  tr.iJe  of  the  wctlern  part  of  Connecficut,  and 
that  of  I'.afl  Jerley,  No  Icafon  prevents  Ihips  from 
putting  to  lea  ;  anil  during  the  tevcrell  part  of  the  win- 
ter, an  equ.il  adivity  ruiii  through  all  ranks,  orders, 
and  employ  I  ;ients. 

riie  town  of  New  Albany  is  fltuated  on  the  wellern 
banks  of  Ihidlon's  Kiver,  about  150  miles  from  New 
Y(irk.  The  houles  are  built  with  brick  in  the  Dutch 
talle.  The  public  buildings  are  two  churches,  the  tort, 
and  town  hall. 

Saratoga,  a  linali  fort  ro  the  northward  of  Albany, 
was  the  place  where  a  combined  army  of  Hiitilli  and 
Hefl'ians,  fiirrepdeicd  prilimcrs  of  war  to  the  Ameri- 
cans, in  ().tol)er  1777. 

About  iti  miles  north-welt  of  Albany  lies  Schenec- 
tady, fituatc  on  the  banks  of  the  Mohawk  Kiver.  It  is 
compact  and  regularly  built.  It  has  a  large  I)uti.li 
church;  and  the  windings  of  the  river  through  the 
place  and  the  adjacent  tiiKJs,  which  are  o\ertlowed  in 
thel'pring,  form  a  moll  beautiiul  prolpeift  about  h.irvell 
time.     The  lan.is  are  remarkably  fertile. 

Kiiigilon  has  a  number  of'  mliabltants,  and  is  a  well- 
built  town. 

\\  ith  refpec^  to  religion,  it  is  oiilained  by  the  late 
conftitution  of  New  York,  that  the  hec  exercite  of 
profefTion  and  worlliip,  without  dillrimination  orp.e- 
fercnce,  Ihall  be  allowed  by  that  llatc  to  all  mankind. 
About  t!\e  year  1755  acollege  was  erected  by  the  allem- 
bly  i  but  the  members  being  at  that  time  divided  into 
parties,  it  was  formcvl  on  a  coirracted  plan,  ami  tor 
that  rcaliin  never  tiK-t  with  the  encouragement  which 
might  naturally  have  l-een  expcifVed  of  a  public  lemi- 
nary  in  lb  populous  a  city. 

The  commerce  (>f  New  York  does  not  ellentially 
differ  from  that  of  New  I'.ngland.  The  chief  commo- 
dities of  trade  are  whe.it,  flour,  barley,  oats,  beef, 
and  other  kind':  -f  f  ■  nal  food.  They  have  a  Ihare  in 
the  log-wood  trai  . ,  .:.n'  ttiat  which  i;  carried  on  with 
the  SpaniOi  and  hrench  plantations.  Their  I'.urojiean 
trade  is  the  fame  with  that  of  New  I'ligland,  and  they 
iiiiport  the  lame  fpecies  of  coininodities. 

The  Dutch,  and  Swedes  were  the  Hrll  I',tiro|)eans  who 
formed  fettlements  on  this  part  of  the  American  coatl. 
They  called  it  the  New  Netherlands,  and  continued  in 
poffctTion  of  it  till  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  when  it 
was  taken  by  the  Knglilh  in  1664.  The  Dutch,  to 
balance  this  conqueft,  made  ihcmfelves  matters  of  Su- 
rinam, then  belonging  to  the  I'.ngiiili.  At  tiie  tieary 
ol  Breda  in  1C67  the  New  Netherlands  were  ceded  to 


N  O  R  T  11       A  M  V.  K  I  C  A. 


495 


rlir  Knglill),  and  Surinam  to  the  ntitch.     The  New 

Vetlierlands  had  not  been  long  in  our  potreflion  before 
they  were  divided  into  provinces,  and  Ni-w  York  took 
Its  name  from  the  king's  brothi-r  janics  duke  of  York, 
to  whom  Ills  niaiclly  granted  it,  with  full  powers  of  go- 
vernment by  letters  patent.  On  the  accelTion  of  king 
J.imc's  to  the  throne  this  province  became  a  royal  go- 
veriuncnt.  The  king  ajipointed  the  governor  and 
council,  and  the  people,  once  in  I'even  years,  eledtcd 
their  reprelintatives  to  lerve  in  gfneral  airemblies. 
Tliefi-  three  braiulus  of  the  legiflacure  had  power  to 
make  any  laws  not  repugnant  to  thole  of  I'.ngland,  but 
ill  order  to  their  being  valid,  the  royal  aflent  was  tirll 
to  be  obtained. 

In  1777  the  fu[)reme  legitlative  power  was  vetted  in 
two  leparatc  and  dillinc^  bodies  ot  inen ;  the  one  to  be 
c.illed  "  I  he  .ilTcmbly  of  the  State  of  New  York,'' 
to  conlill  of  levcnty  members  annually  chcl'en  by  bal- 
lot j  and  the  other,  "  The  Senate  of  the  State  of  New 
York,"  to  confilt  of  twenty-four  f()r  four  years,  who 
to';etlier  were  to  tbrin  the  legiflature,  and  to  meet  once 
at  Icatl  in  every  year  f(jr  the  ditpatch  of  bullnels.  The 
flipreme  executive  power  was  to  be  Vftlcd  in  a  gover- 
nor, who  was  to  continue  in  office  three  years,  atfilted 
by  tour  counlellors  chofen  by  and  from  the  lenate. 
I'.very  male  inhabitant  of  full  age  wlio  fliouki  potVefs  a 
frtfehold  of  the  v.iliie  of  twenty  poi.iids,  or  have  rent- 
ed a  tenement  of  the  yearly  value  of  forty  Ihillings, 
.md  b'-en  rated  and  have  paid  taxes  to  tlie  Itate  f  )r  fix 
months  preceding  the  eleiJtion,  was  entitled  to  vote  fiir 
members  of  the  allembly ,  but  thole  who  voted  for  the 
governor  ami  members  of  the  lenate  were  to  be  pof- 
Itll'cd  ot  freehokis  of  the  value  of  one  hundred  pounds. 
The  delegates  to  the  congrel's,  the  judges,  &c.  were 
to  be  cholen  hv  ballot  of  the  fenare  and  aflembly. 

Before  we  dole  our  account  of  this  |)rovince,  it  will 
be  necelVary  to  oblirve,  that  the  north-weft  parts  of  it 
.ire  inhabiteil  by  five  Indian  nations  called  Iroc)uois. 
Thefe  people,  by  their  unanimity,  tirmnefs,  military 
Ikill  ami  policy,  railed  themtelves  to  the  greatelt  and 
mult  torrnidable  power  in  America. 

As  their  manner  of  carrying  on  war  is  implacable 
.ind  barbarous,  they  riign  tiie  lords  of  a  proiiigioiis 
delert  inlia'.iitcd  only  by  a  lew  fiattcred  infigiiihcant 
tribes,  whom  they  ha\e  permiited  to  live  out  of  a  con- 
tempt of  their  power,  and  who  are  in  the  low'cll  Hate 
of  lubjcction. 

l-.very  nation  of  the  Iroquois  is  a  diflindt  republic, 
governed  by  their  I'achcms,  or  civil  m.igiftrates,  in  time.s 
of  peace,  and  by  their  warriors  or  captains  in  tlieir 
wars  :  but  their  cliiefs  never  rclidve  on,  or  execute, 
any  thing  of  importance  without  conlulting  the  hea.b 
of  their  tribes. 

I'hey  are  very  ftrift  in  oblerving  the  oaths  thcv 
Iwear  to  each  other,  el"(>eci.illy  thole  which  their  war- 
riors make  of  Itanding  by  one  another  to  the  Lift.  Thefe 
they  keep  to  luch  a  degree  as  to  hazard  their  lives  to 
relcue  the  bare  carcafes  of  their  fallen  brethren. 

They  commonly  make  a  kind  of  frail  over  the  grave, 
and  put  into  it  wiieat,  toljacco,  and  every  thing  they 
think  the  deceafed  may  want  in  the  other  world. 

The  wonien  arc  vciy  [  rolilic,  yet  they  do  moft  o! 
the  drudgery,  I'uch  as  grinding  the  wheat,  fetching  of 
W(M)d,  water,  and  the  like.  The  ciivldren  arc  often  fo 
Ihibborn,  that  if  they  are  found  fault  with,  the  girls 
will  dilpatch  themtelves  with  lomc  poilbnous  weed,  and 
the  boys  with  a  gun.  The  bufinels  of  the  men  is  hunt- 
ing, going  to  war,  building  their  huts,  felling  timber, 
tilling  the  grouml,  and  the  like. 

S  K  C  T  I  O  N     III. 

N     I.     \V       J     I.     R    S     E     Y. 


T 


I  IIS    province  is  fituarcd  between  ^ij  anu  45  deg. 
of  north  latitude.     It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
New  York,  on  the  Ibuth  by  Delaware  Bay,  ontheealt 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  (in_  the  welt  by  I'ennfylva- 

nia. 


i  ;  ,S'  ii 


'^.;.  11 


I:  ..It    I*. 


1    li'fll 


■«  1; 


'^•"i 


496        A  NEW,  ROYAL,  and  AimilNTIC  SYSTEM  of  UN'IVF.USAT.  GI'.OGRAIMIY, 


II 


4 
?- 


ri 


nia.     It  is  about  i6:^  miles  in  length,  anJ  niMc  6-1  in 
br^Milth. 

New  jcrlt-y  coniprill-s  twa  ilivili  nis,  e.ill  .\r\.\  wrll. 
The  t-att  divilion  contains  the  cnmcies  ot  MiviJlclcx, 
Monmouth,  I'-liis,  Somrrlet  ami  Bergen.  Tiif  well 
thofe  of  Innlington,  Gioiicellei',  Salcin,  CiiniberLuu), 
Cape  May,   1  icntincdon,   Moiri'iand  Sulic-x. 

'i'ne  princijvil  rivers  are  the  iJilaw.ire,  Karitin  a;id 
PalTLi.ck.  On  the  latter  is  a  ll;ii|ienvl(>ns  cataraft.  Tlie 
iieijilu  of  tiie  nicii  from  which  the  u.iter  f.ilU  is  ahout 
70  feet  per['eni.iicii!ar,  a;iil  tlic  breatith  of  the  ;ivcr  at 
the  fall  8o  yards. 

The  air  of  New  Jerfey  is  fahibrio\i';,  anl  the  climate 
nearly  the  iwi:  with  that  of  iNew  York;  l)iit  the  llim- 
"lers  are  fomeih.inj^  ionj^er,  and  the  cold  in  winter  lei-. 
jevere.  The  loil  is  vanouh ;  one  ftnirth  ot  the  ['ro- 
vince  is  barren,  fandy  land  i  the  other  ;.-.  go  yA,  and  lonie 
ot  it  Very  tertile. 

1  he  animal  .ind  vegetable  prodiirtions  here  arc,  in 
general,  the  lame  with  tlioll-  in  New  Eni^land.  1  iie 
liindy  parts  of  tiie  couiitry  produce  pines  and  cedars, 
and  the  arable  land->  good  cro])s  of  exceileni  wheat, 
barley,  rve,  Indian  corn,  ixc.  totrether  with  a  gre.it 
variety  of  delicio'is  fii.it>. 

In  the  count-y  of  Bergen  there  is  a  very  valuable 
copper  mine,  whicii  is  worked,  to  '^reat  advant.ige  ;  ex- 
cellent iron  01c  ij  alto  lound  in  le\  eral  parts  o!  the  pro- 
vince. 

The  foreign  trade  of  'his  p.rovince  's  nfit  extenfive, 
owing  principally  to  its  viuiiity  to  lie  luge  tr.iding 
towns  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia.  Tlie  prini  ipai 
exports  are,  v,  hi..it,  I'our,  copper  oie,  pig  and  bar  iron, 
and  bla-k  cattle,  wl'.ich  they  ilrive  In  great  numbers  to 
I'hiladelpiiia,  on  t!ie  rich  pallures  of  wliich  they  aie  ted 
for  Ibme  time  bcfo:e  tliey  are  lent  to  maiket  and 
killed. 

Tlie  ciacf  towns  in  New  Jerfey  are,  I'erth-Amboy 
and  Burlington.  They  were  once  teats  ot  go\L-v;i- 
inent,  but  the  governors  generally  relided  at  :lie  Lu:er. 
T'erth-.^niboy  is  commodiotMly  liiuavd  at  tie  ir,  )i  di 
of  t'-'-  river  Raritan.  The  town  '"■,  lot  very  iaii;e,  but 
t!ie  houiirs  are  neat,  and  linnefd  the .11  clejj.uit.  It  i.\s 
a  good  port,  and  the  harbour  is  fale  and  e.ip;;cioi:s  to 
contain  many  l.irgc  llii;  >. 

Buriuigton  is  plcaia;itly  fi.uated  in  a  fmail  illand 
formed  by  the  river  Delaware,  about  twenty  miles  from 
Phila<leipiiia.  It  flands  commodioLlly  t:r  tratie,  i^  well 
buiit,  h.o  a  large  town-houle,  and  two  liri.!ges  (called 
London  and  York  bridges)  over  the  briii'.i  h  o!  the  De- 
law  an     which  leparates  i'  from  the  m.un  land. 

New  Jerfey  waa  jnrtof  the  New  NetherLiids,  which, 
as  befoie  oLlervcil,  wa-  t/iven  by  tihirles  II.  to  iii..  Iiro 
thcr  James  ih.  ke     ■.    "^'ork.      lie  loM  it  'o  lord  heik 
ley  ami  Sir  George  Carteret,  aiiil  is  the  la'\r  wa.-,  lie 
fore  poiii.|](.-d  of  ellatis  in  tiie  iiI.ukI   if  Jeiiey,  the  liune 
n-ime  was  t;,ivcn  to  this  piovi'.ee.      1:  was  fold  liv  iheli.' 
{.ri.jiiet'irs  CO  others,  v.lio,  in  ihe   uir  17c:,    liirren 
iLred  I..I  ,:    cliarter  to  <^ieen  Aiuir,  .■..'•  er  which  ic  lie- 
caine  a  i<  \ai  gi\eir.mcnt.     I- rum  tli.it  time  to  the  r;-- 
^•ok  of  till'  (olonies  its  gjvernn.eiit  was  irucli  the  tame 
;•>  that  of    the  colonies  in  |?,"eral.     But  by  ilie  new 
charter  of  light.',  ei'abliO;ed  m  i"7'i,   u  is  veiled  in  a 
go\ern:ir,    iegiilativc  couiuil,    and    gei;eral   alieinblv. 
The  ir.emb  is  tjf  ;l,c  leg!ti„iive  uiuiu  il  are  to  be  li;e- 
holders,  ai.ii  wi;uli  .u  lealL  loocl.   re.il   perfjiial  clt.iLc, 
:'r.d  tf.c  nil i;.b. is  of  the  "cnual  alieinbiv   to  be  v.erth 


All  ii,: 


;r;h 


5:1.  are  er.ii'.eJ  to  vo!e  lor 
rei;reltr,t>iive.  i'l  c.rj;,M|  and  aliembi',  ai.d  i  r  all 
otiicr  pi.tiiii  i.-'ikc  :.i.  Ihe  {MiVernor  and  ii<  luenaut- 
g',veri,(/r  to  be  rli  /'en  i/ijt  i.f,  .ind  liy,  the  allcu.biv  and 
co'.;iicii.  Tlie  ]>!  ^  ^  of  the  I'lprtuu- court  aie  ehcirn 
for  It'ven  ye.;is,  i.u-  .)!}icer,  ul  thi'  cj.ecMtive  pn'.i  r  tiir 
'.,\c  V' .u' ,  .uid  liie  pia\inu.d  Ire  .inner  fur  onlv  i-iy 
yi  ar. 

A'i  K-'i;  i.i'.s  le;i'i  are  to!era^ed  here,  and  erj'.y  t'  rir 
rtl|eJi\e  tenets  and  mod-js  of  WMlhij)  wr.i.L-ut  u.o- 
lcit«;;.  n. 


In  the  u-ar  1746,  governor  Heldrier  founded  a  col- 
lege at  I'rince-'l'own,  and  [iruiuied  it  the  privilege  of 
conferring  ilegrees  in  the  f.ime  inanner  as  at  C'J.'cford  or 
Cambridge.  Bctiirc  the  late  unha()py  dilFentions  llu- 
dents  c.iiiie  here  from  all  parts  of  the  continent. 

S  !•,  c    i-  I  el  N      IV. 

r  1     N  N  S  \   \.  \   A  IV   I   A. 

TI  IIS  provin.e  is  lituated  between  ;^  and  44  dc. 
_^  ot  north  latitude,  and  72  and  78  ileg.  ot  well 
long'tiide.  It  is  abnit  pD  mil'-'  in  length  and  240  \n 
breadth.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  c  )iintrv  of 
the  Inx^uois,  on  the  liiuth  by  Maryland,  on  tlie  eall 
bv  the  liver  Delaware,  and  on  the  well  by  ihe  river 
Ohio. 

Pennl^ba.iia  is  divided  into  leven  counties.  The 
upper  are  thufe  of  Buckingham,  rhil.ulelphia,  Cheller 
and  Lancaiter:  the  three  lower  counties  are,  Newcaflle, 
Kent  and  Siiiiex.  riiefe,  thoueh  originally  ajiperfain- 
ing  t  >  Pennfvlvania,  have  .1  feparare  government  of 
their  own,  and  as  fiirh  were  dilltn!',uil1ied  at  the  ellab- 
lilhment  of  the  L'nited  States  of  /Vmerica,  being  fpe- 
ci:ied  in  the  liil  of  thole  Hates  under  the  appellation  of 
"  The  State  of  Delawa'e,"  as  they  are  firuated  on  the 
river  of  that  name. 

The  chill  ivers  are  the  Delaware,  which  is  navi'^-i. 
ble  more  -.li.in  .oo  miles  above  l^hiladtlphia.  The 
SuKiuehani  and  Scluiylkill,  which  are  alio  navigable  a 
conliderable  way  up  the  country.  Thetc  rivers,  with 
the  n'Mi'.er  ins  creeks  and  harbours  in  Deliwire  Bay, 
are  adinirablv  l.iittd  to  the  trade  ot  the  province. 

Tlie  air  ct'  this  country  is  tweet,  li.Tene,  and  clear. 
.Vutumn  lets  in  ab  mt  the  iotli  of  Oftiber;  winter  the 
beginning  of  December,  and  C'Uitinues  till  March, 
ikiring  which  tiic  weather  is  extremely  cold,  the  frolls 
being  verv  intenle.  Sj;ring  begins  in  March,  and  con- 
tinues till  June.  The  tuiumrr  I'eatijn  ii.cludes  the 
months  of  July,  .\iiguli,  and  September,  when  the 
heat  wo::ll  be  intolerable,  weie  it  nor  nii^ Micd  bv 
tiequcnt  cool  iir(e'.-.es. 

'1  I'.e  1  ,il  i',  ferule,  pruduci:ig  a  vaiiefy  of  trees,  fruits, 
and  M  ;;etab!es  in  general.  I'he  .mimal  psoducii'Mii 
are  n;uih  the  lame  with  thole  of  New  bngbiid. 

It  .-ii.iv  he  lemarked  in  gener.ii,  that  in  all  the  j'lan- 
;./:  '^s  from  New  Voik  10  ilic  liuiihern  iNtremitv,  the 
v.!  ■■  .lie  till'  (,(  vires  of  divi  rs  fpccies,  ap.d  .ill  diller- 
e;;t  Inni  ihole  we  li.ive  in  b.urojie.  But  wlieihir  from 
li-me  liii.  et  11;  their  nature,  (.rwaiit  of  (kill  in  the  plan- 
ters, liny  have  not  been  known  to  preduce  anv  wine 
tl-.at  de)er\es  to  be  meniioiied  ;  tlu.iigii  the  indians 
from  ihem  make  a  kind  of  wine  with  wliieh  they  ng.ile 
then,  ives.  It  may  fiirtlier  be  obfervcd,  that  the  tim- 
ber <:  die  foutlicrn  colcnies  is  not  fo  good  for  fliipping 
as  that  of  the  northern,  becaufe  it  is  lefs  compact,  and 
fplits  more  ealilv  ;  properties  which,  though  Ids  ler- 
Mceable  in  lhii>-bir.Kiing,  lendir  it  more-  ulelul  lor 
l!a\es  and  wainlccttir.g. 

'1  lie  I  rovince  of  I'ennlylvaiiia  contains  many  confi- 
derable  lities  and  towns,  as  German  Town,  Clutter, 
Qxtoid,  R.idnor,  eV;.  But  the  city  of  l'liil.idel|  hia 
ll.uu!s  unriv.dled  in  America,  nnd  thcrtlore  delerves 
piinupa!  attention.  It  was  built  after  the  (Ian  of  tl-.e 
Uiimus  I\-iin,  the  founder  and  legillacor  ol  tliis  colony, 
and  lies  between  two  navi..Ml,]t.' ii\er;,  the  Delaw.ue, 
which  terMiin,u<s  it  on  the  north,  and  the  Skoolkill  oil 
the  louih.  It  terms  an  oblong  of  near  t\M)  miles  m 
lei-..",ni.  1  he  liuets  are  wide  and  Ip.icious,  and  exactly 
llrair  and  pn.dlel  to  each  other.  The  hcules  are,  in 
general,  will  bin!',  and  inaktt  a  handfome  aiipeanuice, 
Several  i|  the  |.'ul. lie  buildings  being  elig.mt.  !•  verv 
owner  of  1  -C  ..icies  has  liis  houfe  in  one  (,i  the  two  front* 
ta.-ingth'-  river,  or  in  the  hieji  Ihevt,  riiiining  Iroin  the 
middle  of  the  one  front  to  the  middle  of  the  other.  In 
the  center  ottlie  cny  is  a  fquaie  if  ten  acre.s,  enrom- 
piJK'dbyihe  town  houfe  and  other  jaibllc  buildirirs. 
i  here  aic  noble  b.irrack.>,  and  a  f.  ici.yiis  iiuav,  wirh 

wet 


AMERICA.] 

M  el  .iiid  dry  docks  for  l.> 
belid'-s  ina'^azine,-,  w.iieh 
nleiiees  lor  e.xportiiu',  ai 
Tiie  ■_;<'>,  erimr's  leit  1..  .1 
III  .1  \\  niil,  nothiiii/  I  .'.;i  \ 
than  llll^  city  aud  the  ,ii 
I'dine  niilc-,  may  be  coiui 
ill ;  i;  ird(  II. 

The  other  ti)\v  le.  in  I'm 
Oxlord,  R.idiior,  C  ;u  llcr, 
(Icrnian  Town  is  a  tin  iviii 
iiiolUv  by  C.eimair..      ,\i 
port-,  luliu  ieiit  In  re(ei\  e 
from  llornis.      Xewcalll'' 
trade,  and  ha;  an  iron  mi 
This   coiiiitrv,  (onuiti:: 
the  New   \i  tlicrl.inds,  w:, 
Diilcli   and   Swedes.       \t 
» i)li|uneiioii  with  (  nloii; 
hcliire  lakcii  the  Illand  o 
vitb  Charles  the  Second, 
country  from  that  iiuiii.n 
I'poii   his   death   his    I 
cl. limed  the  royal  proinil 
lolicitalioii,  obtained   llii 
ifiyg,  and  called  11  I'emil 
Tl'.e  litu.uion  of  the  time 
luihiw  him  into  his  new  i 
leciilions  to  whicli  the  ((U 
expoled.    But  it  was  to 
ihrii  they  were  indebted 
viucli  pl.ued  this  coloiiv 
Tliat  (.(re.it  m^n  laid  do\v' 
as  the  i  hief  fouiulalioii 
);eneri;lilv  e.xtendi'd  to  llii 
<it  l.iiuiii^  immedi.ile  adv, 
rh.iled  of  ihcin  the  hinds 
judgiiu;  that  the  orii^iu  d 
weie  veiled  in  them.      B 
bei.Mnnini;,  lie  rendered 
liiole  people  fiieeelsful. 
.-iMc  opinion  o!  bun  <is  to 
irom  amio\ini\   the   lellle 
;iive  them  aliill.oue  w  hen 
.Mr.  remi,  b\'  purfuiu"',  a 
1illi''d  (Ills  colons',  whu  ii 
to   1  de;iee  ol  luotrioiit) 
Till  le   were   in   I'le  ei 
miMib.'i  ol  we.i'lhv  iiv  rr  1) 
'aIicii  wc  eoiilidei'  llie  i',r< 
with  di\  el  s  n.ii  ions  in  dil 
The  iiiipiirls  and  e\pi  ; ; 
\  ei  v  couliihi  ...Mc. 

The  '.;eiu'i'.il  eoie^rels  a 
*!elpliia  III  I  77.(,  ,ind  1 1)11 
v.i'S  taken  b\  the  I'li  ililh  . 
ill'.;  iimimer  the  Briiifh  11 
and  the  ci)iii;rels  iiii  t  .it 
By  ilie  coiilliiiiiion  ell 
tlon  ,it  I'hilad'.  Iplii  1,  in  Si 
lei;i!l.ilive  power  of  I'enn 
hh  ol  repreleiitativc',  eh 
the  e\eeiili\e  power  in 
t«eive,  eliolen  bv  the  Ire 
are  cliolen  by  b  ilbu,  oiil 
The  le;;ill,iiine  of  the 
eonveniion  in  the  fame  \ 
(ompoled  of  two  tlillinrt 
bl\',(  holen  annually  b\  il 
of  Xewcallle,  Kent,  and 
nine  members,  eholeii  in 
[lower  is  .1  pielideut,  chu 
hly  In'  joint  b.dlo',  .uid  ; 
le  ;ill.iiive  council,  and  i 
Delejy.ites  to  coiij'r.  Is  ,11 
and  out  of,  the  i^enei.il  d 
olheeri  of  Itate,  civil  a 
prelident  ami  general  ad 
No.  40. 


Ir:    f 


V  confi- 
.'liditT, 
ilrll  Ilia 
iilirvts 
of  the 
lolony, 

Ljlkill  on 
lilies  in 
fxarily 
iuc,  in 
■ar.'iiLT, 
!■  viTV 

>  llnllt* 
(Mil  tin: 
..1.       In 

fiKoni- 
ii'lirijs. 


AMF.RICA.] 


O  R  T  II      A   M   !'.  R    I   (•  .\. 


4o; 


li 


•1(1  ri'Iiatllll 


Hi 


■ 


i/.iii'.v,  ^.m-lioiili's,  ami  nil  oil 


K  I"  COIlVf- 


IIU'IH  t  s 


.•xporii 


(1 


iiiiKirnnit  iiu.Tili.iiu!i/c 


■j'iic  uKM'i'iior's  Icit  i..  a  iii(i|l  ni,Hinilii-t'iii  Iniildiii!; 
In  .1  \\  lUil,  iiotliinn  I.  \\:\  will  ,u)(i-.'.r  iitnrc  licuiii'u 


luiii 


ihi> 


I.UV  and  llu-  adjiic 


Ionic  mil 
ill.;  garden 


iiiav  be  toi 


l.).^ 


niiau'd  lo  - 


inc  uikI  (hmiilli- 


'riiL'  oliuT  tow  ns  in  I'cniirvh  ania  lur  Crniir; 
Oviorcl,  Railnor,  i  .\^  IKr,  (  liirlii  !l,  r,  ami  N'l 
(ii!  man  Town  is  a  tin  iviii'^,  |i())Milons  plai  c,  inlial 


A 
At  Cliillcr  and  Ciii  IhIIit  arc 
[lor'.s  iiiiiu  ii'iit  lo  ricoi\e  and  IVciivc  tlic  lari;(;l>  llrd. 


>lll 


V  nv  <>'■!  mail'. 


ilOMI 


iiiiir;. 


X 


i-wcaf 


i.inics   on   a   i(>nliil 


ih\c 


tiailf,  iini 


an  iron  niiiu-  in  ii ;  nri 


rldioui  Ik 


'1 


us   lounlrv 


I. 


V 


It  of  whit 


(1 


tin'  N'l'w  \'(  llurland-i,  was  ()rii;inallv  ji'illi'Hcd  liy  tlic 
])nl<'li   and   Swedes.      Afi  r   Adniual    !\tin,  wlio,  in 


Rt- 

molt 


til!'  li!ii 

Ac  ball 


riy 


l.d 


tl 


iiaiiif. 
lal  ivic 


111  I'ennlvlvani.i  on  tli"- 


dth 


iioir.inaiions,  and  they  live  loj^tihcr  in  tin-  iiiino 


in-C 

111. 


iiillians  ol  ali  (. 


J.:- 


)(l 


In  ll 


Dimk,. 

rK 


linall  town  ol'  l'',iiliiat 


a,  m  llu-  ( (jiinly  of 
vc  is  an  (•xlraor<iinarv  u-li^ioiis  IVd  i-ajjcd 


a  vir' 


ll, 


and  iiioHrnlivc  I 


tt  ol 


I-pl, 


A  Crniiaii  licrmil,  v.lio  (rtilcd  on  llic   I'pot  wlirn; 

indiroliliis  led.  'I'lif 


rata  i-.  now  luinl,  was  llu- 

.n 


uiu'  of  his  I'oliiiidc  inlpiicd  I'onisj  of  his  r()uiur\- 


with  riino 


(it\ 


id  till'  iaii])i:ni\'  oi  Ins  in 


rii 


men 

Willi  ill.' 


|iiti\'  of  his  ton\  irlaiiiin,  indncn!  ilain  lo  join  and 

u  Ir  native  conniry 


iniiiati  linn. 


iconic  w 


lioK 


ll 


to  I'll j OS"  lilici  IV  ol  iDiiU  u-iu'f  can  hi  ar 


fill 


mointication-. 


lOlil 


Tl 


( 


I'lin.iiis   o 


ll    I 


)IC('UL-|U 


»  oiijiuution  w'll 


h  ( 


d- 


!,■ 


laktn  the  Itlaii 


,f  \. 


had  Ionic  years 
!)tin"  in  lavonr 


villi  Charles  the  Si  coinl, 


olii aiiud  a  pronnic  o 


counirv  Iroiii 


I 


ion   his   ( 


that  r 
l.alh 


claimed  ilie  nival  [ 

lit.i 


lis    Ion,  tl 
lomil.  ,  and 


iiraled   e'laker, 


ioiicilalion,  olit.iiiiei 


d  tl 
id  called  ii  Peni 


ar 


,  al;ci-  a  In 
I  of  ll 
1 


.  court 
prov  iiu  e  in 


nlvlvania,  or  I'cnn  s  t.oiiiitrw 


ifiyij, 

'I  111   l:tu  uion  ol  the  tinie>  indiKcd  "real  nninlHrs  to 


ullow  linn  into  his  new  leltltincnl,  to  a.oii 


1  ll' 


lecnnons  to  which  ihe  iinakers  wci 


'  then  )i  iriuularlv 


cd  the  Inrmit,  loon 
ll. 


c.\cs,   who 
h 


1  acciiltonied  themleUes  to  his 
wa\'  of  thinking,  and  confcqueniK'  to  his  manner  of 


Iruhilhv  hccanie  part  ol  then 


dill 


eir  time  w  i 


ih  d 


evotion. 


•diit\ 


and  divid- 


eir  nains  uie  ihrowii 


lion  lloek,  wliiili  fniiplie.s  all   ilicir  exi- 


inio  one  conn 


KciKcs,  private  as  well  as  piililic 


Tl 


clniltered  ii])  liv  tlunililves  in  a 

tow 

them  from  the  north  wind.   It  is  i 


fc 


cir  lainilies  are 
f  the 


larale  pan  o 


n,  the  fiiiiaiion  of  \\hicli  is  delii^litfiil,  and  IcTceii'; 

i  fenced 
chcrrv 


n.iir'iilar.aii 


d  w iili  thick  re 


Irccs, 
luiiifc 
hi-h; 


■lidcs  1 


f  apple,  hei'th, 


laviii'i  an  orchard  in  ilie  middle. 


e  ot  wood,  arc  mollU'  iiiree 


ftc 


■fl 


e'ccry  perfon  has  a  fcparate  apartment,  that 


L'd.    lint  it 


to  I 


IIS  own  wihiom 


and   ahilil 


thai  lh( 


V  were  indebted  for  tliat  charter  of  p 


iicn  plarei 


1  th 


Is  colony  on  fo 


'Ihat 


iicat  in^'.i  laid  do\i'ii  cu  i 


the  chief  foniulalion  of  all   h 


(;e!K';(.'lil\  extended  to  the  I 


ut  I. 


diau 


vefpctt  lUlc  a  looliii':,. 

1  and  veli'.;ioiis  liberty 

idiiniions.     His 

iftcad 

idvaniavie  of  h.is  patent,  lie  mir- 


ndian  nations 


chafed  of  ihciTi  the  lands  he  had  obtaiiii 


In-  i^raiit  ; 


jiul'Tint;  that  ibcorii^inil   jiropcitv,  and  c'deft   ri':;ht, 


.'lied 
bi'idnnini;,  he 
li.ole  people 


tliem.      r>y  this  a 
rendered  all    Ids   fnti 
liiecelslnl.     I'rcpodelled  \.  iih  a  \.\^^ 


c\  of  jnltice  in  the 
dealiii'^s  with 


he  Miav  ii'^t 
never  fi  c  the  men 


diltiirbed  in  his  devotions.  Tl 


ic  \i  omen 


but 


jinhlic  worlhip, or  \\lien  u  is 
f      " 


necellarv  to  eoiiliut  upon  mailers  ot  pulilic  tteoiioinv 
Their  ';ar;i  i  .  the  mod  (imple  that  can  well  be  iiiia';iii 
ed,  beiii;5  ,1  loiijr  \sh'.ie  woollen  gown  in  winter,  an 


linen   in  the  fnmnu'r,  with  a  cape,  which  k 


i; 


hat,  like  tiiat  of  a  c; 


pu 


:Ii!n  b 


am 


th^ 
1  faUened 


loiiiid  the  wailt  with  a  belt,  f'liiler  the  Li;own  thcv  wc.r 
a  wailico.'.l  of  tl'.e  fame  iii.'.terial.s.a  to.  'fe  Ihiil,  tro'.e- 
fers,  and  (lines.    The  drcfs  of  the  women  is  the  lame. 


oiiK',  inllc.id  of  tiowl 


f  opinion  o!  him  as  to  Ins  deli.'ns. 


1): 
rom  annovimT   tiie   leiilers,  tha 


fofa 


t   th 


vy  \\  -le   n 


i^ive  inem  aim 
,Ir.   rem 


me 


\>  lieiii  \ 


■r  It  was  w  lined 


piirlnii 


an  einiiL 


Tlilied  this  coloiiv,  whieh  iiKe 


to   I  de'iee  ol 


f  I 


nnerioiits'  over  l 


III   tl 


>le  plan,  Inon  eiliD- 
.id  to  he.ve  attained 
c  re  11. 


ciiv  of  Philadelplii.i  a  ;;;• 


vh. 


the 


f 


I)i 


irp  tiieiv  taces  in  their  tapnclnii 


th 


ey  wear  petticoats;  aiii 


(f' 


inkards  eon 


i  no  priiKi; 


dills 
th  th 


chiellv 


llv  of 


veuet 


iblc 


it  is)  i! 
The  diet  of 
cs  :  but  it  ii 


em  to  ahltain  Iriini  anini  il  too 


oi;l\   I 


IllCil 


llinci 


nee  Is  molt  ajireeanlt 


I  to  .1  (  hi  III;. Ill  lil 


bodi 


nd,  as  the  men 


tempera.nce  emaciates  their 


full 


er  their  lieards  to  .'row  lo 


ill  I 


eii'ih,  uivcs  them  a 


h- 


Their  beds  arc  no  better  than  be 


low  eiiallly  appe, 
iicb.es ;  a  li; 


iiiniiliei  (ll  wcilihe  iiiereii.iiits,  v,  hich  is  iioi  Inipnhii'i 


'\  r.en  w  e  i oiile. 


;e  I'.itat 


d( 


den  bhiek  ferves  them  lor  a  p/dK 
rll 


a  IK 


,  illi  (]\\  ci  s  n.ii  loiis  in  diliereiil  tpiarler  •  el  ilic  (j,lobe. 
I'he  iiiiporis  and  e\pi 


liieie'ore,  mull,  h.as  e  been 


\  et  V  coilhdei.i 


naie  piil-iie   worlliip   tune  e,i'r\   (la\,  and  as  ottcii 


ey  ci 


1, 
)ftc 


J'.iit  tl 


.■h  I 


lie  I!  modes  ol 


d  and 


inipr.K  ileal) 


Onnk, 


pe 


,ir 


nl.  aie  l.ir  troiii 


.Ipl 


he  '.general  conn 
iia  ill  177.1,  '"'d  ' ' 


irefs  all'ein'.ded  .it  ll 


dll 


leir  iiieelin',s 


v,as  taken 
iiii;  fnmmcr 


bv  the  liiil  dll  arms  in 


the  Hr 


1  III  II 


'/  /  /• 


till  It 
But  the  i.  iil'n- 


to  \'t 


\oik. 


jiid  the  coiii^rels  met  at  I'lid.idelphia  as  belmc. 


I'.y  lb 
lion  .It 


illiiiiiion  t  llablillied  bv  s>ener.il  Ciiiivcti 


iilna,  in  September,  177(1,  the  fui 


lci;illaiive  power  of  I'eiinh  Ivania  is  \ellc 


I  in  an  allein- 


lle 


bl\  of  reprelelitati.  i',  ehofeii  annually  b\'  ballot ;  am 


th. 


•\eeiiiive  | 


Hiwcr   ill   a  iirehdent   atn 


twelve,  cholen  bv  il 


are  cholen 


lllol. 


eeineii.    Debei^ate 
ut  of,  and  In',  iIk 


lie  li'iiillaliive  ol    Ihe 


il  of 

to  (.  iiii'^refs 

.iHeiliblv. 
re  is,  li\   the 
f(  ■ 


heiii';  c\ira\ . 

ilie\-  lia\e,  iiiioii  a  fine  ll 


;anl.   Their  iliapel  is  \ci\-  decent:  and 


ream,  a   iriill-mil 


ill. 


ni 


dl, 


'lie 


a  mil 


or 


rl 


l)ailc\ ,  al 


.f 


thcr.i    moll    m.-'iiiouhv    conllruclcd    hy   tlieinielv  es. 


T 


uv 


ia\  c  I  \  e;i  a  i)rii;liii..;-()iiici 


Ti 


illy  I'lc  nuns   i  \tremel\  iii.'enioiis  m  workiii'.;,  and  in 


enihellilliinenis  o 


f  all 


nts 


Tl 


icii.'h  llie  l\\  o  lexes  liv 


fi'p.irate  from  i  acli  oiher  in  their  low  n,  llie  Diiiika 
are  l.tr  from  beiiuf  averfe  to  in.ariiiuun'.  In  iliis  c 
the  parties  mull,  indeed,  li 
lil]iplic(l  out  of  the  ptii)li( 


ds 


■a\e  the  lou  11 


fund 


aiv  lor  then   le 


lei  1 1 


in 


conveniion  in  tlie  lame  \ c  ir  and  tnoiiih  as  the  tormer, 
c.iiiipoled  of  two  diliinrl  bodies;  the  lioiife  of  aliem- 
bU  ,  (  holen  .inmiallv  b\  ilie  Ireelio'tlers  of  1  le  counties 


tlieinfcKes,  k 
.illedi 
indnlhv  alf 


now  noiliin'i  i' 
eve!\'  one  elli   11  !i 


\U 


II;  bu;  tlu')-  arc 

w  111!  uhalever  is  ne- 

This  I'etl,  amoiii; 

1    ll'.Utll  ll 

talk  of 


il   liarmonv  ant 


.  I  fori 


the 


l'_;lied  hli.i  ;  ant,  Ir.t  11  liolj 


ilalitv  to  ilran- 


wcni,  and    siilli  \;  an 


d  tl 


IC  COUIKI 


1  of 


of  Xewcall 

nine  tneiiibers,  cholen  in  like  manner.  Tlie  cxi'cuiivf' 


power  is  a  preli(lent,i 


■n  ..ni  o 


fth. 


blv  1 


•neia 


1  all 


Clll- 


y  joint  balloi,  and  a  priw  council  of  two  of  the 


le'illativc  eoiliu 


Old  tu  o  ol  llie  hoiile  o' 


fall; 


Di 


i^^ates   lo  eoii'M-, 


lally  lo  be  eletted 


')'■ 


and  out  of,  the  I'c 


d  all. 


)v  liallot 


,dtl 


olhcers  of  Hate,  iImI  and    military,  chofiiii  by  the 
prclidcnt  and  yeiieial  allcniblv. 
No.  4G. 


Hers  Is  unhoiindet 


to  receive 


du 


1;   bill  ll 
.illelt 


piiiicijdcs  forbid  them 


reeoinpeiicc, 


Amoii;.j  the  feveral   dilfeiciu   feels  in  rliil.ulelpbi.! 
that  of  tlie  Mora\i:!iis   is  none  of  the  le. ill   coiilidei 


able.    The  wild 

well  kno\en  ,ill 

a  kind  of  chapel  lure, 

a  place  c.illed   .P.elhlcle 

city  of  I'liil  ideiphia. 


G  K 


and  e\tr,i\  ;i;;ance  (d'  this  lei. 


lI  .iI(^ 


.111  ope 


but  t! 


loih'h  tlie\ 


ir  pnnciiia 


I  fe-itl 


'ineiit 


at 


near  lixiv  miles  from  du; 


si:  (.11  ON' 


w.m 


t'  ' 


.".  -      i     61  »i't!ti  I 


Mttii 


493 


A  S-i:\V  AND  ALl'IlEXTIC  SYSTEM  or  UXIVKRS.M.  CI  OCR Al'HV. 


'  '( 


SKCTIOX    V. 
M  A  R  V  1.  A  N  D. 

THIS  proviiuc  is  ntuatcd  between  38  anil  40  de- 
grees of  iiorlh  liiliuule,  and  Iictwu'ii  71  and  80 
di-i^rci-s  \\i-{\  l(in;^itud('.  It  is  aiioiit  140  nnks  in 
length,  and  135  in  breadth;  antl  i.v  bounded  Iiy  I'enn- 
lylvania  on  tiic  north,  by  ^'il;;inia  on  the  liuiih,  by 
the  Aihintic  Oeean  on  liie  eaii,  and  b\  the  Apala- 
thian  mountains  on  iIk'  veil. 

Marvhitid  is  di\idi.il  into  i.\n  pans  by  ilie  Hay  of 
Chclapeak,  \i/..  I'le  t  'lU  1  n  and  velKin  di\  ifions. 
The  caftern  (ii\  ilion  contains  the  counties  ol  W'oi- 
relh-r,  Someilet,  DoilVi, Talbot,  Cecil,  Onetn  Anne's, 
and  Kent.  'Ibe  \\eliern  coniaiiis  St.  M;'.ry's,  (luiiles, 
I'rinrc  ("eor^^e,  Cilxeit,  Arundel,  .oid  Baliuiuux-. 

The  air  -s  ixccflive  hot  in  the  linniner,  ami  innchiiii; 
cold  in  the  winter;  but  thclatieris  not  of  above  'Incc 
months  duration.  The  parts  next  the  lea  are  vi  \-  low, 
but  the  interior  diflricls  arc  hill)'.  It  is  watcrnl  l'\  iii- 
initnerablc  fpriiij^s,  I'orniin;;  a  jiicat  main'  fin.  ri\er>, 
ol  which  the  chief  arc  Patowniaik,  Poconioae,  ''atux- 
bent,  Severn,  f'hcptouk,  S.iflafras,  W'iconioca  .nd  St. 
Geor,c;e.  Theie  and  other  livers  eap.ihle  o  receiv- 
ing large  fliips,  with  the  niiineroiis  ba\s  and  creek? 
that  indent  th"  land  on  every  fide, give  the  feainen  an 
ppportunitv  of  bringing  their  vcilels  up  to  the  pbuiiers 
(hior*.  The  chief  bay ;  are  thofe  of  ChefaiH-ak  and 
Delaware;  and  the  moil  noteil  cape  that  of  Ilenelopeii, 
M  the  entrance  of  Delaware  liay.  'I'he  foil  is  I'ruitful, 
and,  as  th.e  rivers  and  brooks  difTufe  fertility,  pro- 
duces trees  pl.ints,  and  gr.sin  in  abundiiue. 

The  chief  ecinmoLiiiv  of  M,u  viand  is  tobacco,  of 
which  vail  cargoes,  conlilling  of  maiiv  thoiif.md  hogf- 
hcad-.,  are  animallv  e\poi  led.  Tliis  eoniniodity  iiirnis 
the  medium  of  curreiicv  ol  Mai  v  land,  being  received 
in  debts  and  taxes ;  and  th.e  inipedor's  notes  for  tobac- 
co, de'iv  cred  to  liini,  ai-  transferable.  ;\n  indiillric.is 
man  can  manage  6coo  plants  c.f  tojiai  eo,  and  four 
acres  of  Indian  corn.  Tbc  tobacco  of  this  pn/vince, 
called  Oroonoko,  is  tliflercnt  from  that  of  Virginia; 
and  though  not  nnuli  liked  or  iifed  in  England,  \  et,  in 
the  calleni  and  noithern  ji.nts  ol'  Europe,  it  is  priler- 
red  before  the  Iw  eet-lceiitt  il  tobacco  of  janieri  and 
'icnk  River.s,  in  X'lrginia.  .\noiher  confiderable  com- 
moditv  of  .Mirvl.md  is  pork,  i!ie  woods  containing 
\aR  droves  of  wild  Iwine,  wliich  are  geiieralh  ot  a 
Imall  li/e.  ('.Odd  land  in  .Marvlaml  yields  about  15 
luifliehs  oi  wheat  an  ac  1 . ,  or  3c  budiels  of  Indi.m  corn ; 
bu'  the  grain  i<  fnbjefi  to  the  w  cev  li.  (ire.it  (pianiities 
both  of  hemp  and  flax  are  railed  in  this  pioviiue; 
and  the  moiinlains  vield  abundaiu  e  of  iron  ore,  which 
ji  run  into  pig*-,  'Wd  n  lined  into  iron.  M,u  viand  oak 
is  I. It  greativ  illeenied  for  building  large  Ihips,  but 
is  \  ery  proper  for  (laves  and  bnall  craft. 

Their  imports  conlilt  chit  (I\  of  wine  from  Madeira, 
Fyal,  and  I'rance  ;  ruin  froin  IVirb.uloes,  Haves  from 
Alria,  and  malt,  beer,  liiiciis,  vmioIU  iiv,  uteiifih  ol' 
I  VI  IV  kind,  and,  in  lliori,  moll  of  the  ih  games,  as 
\,  (il  as  conveniences  oflife,  from  Eiighind. 

The  capital  ol  this  pro\ince  is  Annapolis;  init  llio" 
tV.e  governor  ';eiicrally  relidi's  l!;e:e,  it  is  Imall  ,ind 
iiK  oiidiierable.  l'i,iliiiuore  contains  I'oine  battered 
buildings,  iiiul  I'larcflv  nieiiis  the  name  I'l  a  town. 

Maryland  was  difioverid  in  the  ye.r  160^;,  vslun 
A'irginia  v.;:s  full  iilanied,  and,  for  fome  time,  was 
tlb'emed  a  p.iri  uf  N'iigmia,  till  King  Charles  1.  in 
if  3J,  gran'  d  a.!  il.  -.t  pait  olA'iiginia,  v^hich  lay  north 
of  Patowmafi;  Kivcr,  to  ilu'  Lord  Ualtiinore,  of  the 
kini»doni  of  Irel.'nil,  aivi  I,,,  heirs.  The  Jkilihnore 
i.iniily  were  depi  :•,  ed  1.!  il  ■■  iiovermneni  of  this  pro- 
vince durin.T  thecivil  ..-ars  in  !■  iieland,  but  recovered 
it  .'gain  at  the  1 .  Ilor.'.iion  ;  an;  Cev  lldl  remain  pro- 
pri' tofi.  The  ellale  Mi]iiyed  liv  ihem  her,:  1 .  the  nioll 
lonfiderablc  lA  any  fubp'Ct  of  (,rea!  r'rit.iiii  ahro.id  1 
l,;,  belidej  their  pl'iiv..iiiuii-,  il.ey  lnv  cer:a:n  rc- 


\  eiiucs  granted  to  iliein  bv  lever.il  albiiibiies,  .u  .1 
duty  on  each  hogihe.id  ol  lob.icco,  and  oiher  in- 
c<imes,  which,  with  the  i.ile  ol'  lands,  uneiiliivaiel 
ami  iiiipurehaied,  mull  amount,  .it  pieleiit,  to  a  veiv 
conlidei.ible  lum  \'eailv. 

The  firll  adventurers  having  been  Roman  Catholics, 
followed  by  many  l.iinilirs  ofth.it  perlii.ilion,  who  came 
over  Irom  Engl.md  10  .ivnid  the  penal  laws,  many  ot 
lhe])l,iiiteis  prolels  that  religion.  However, the  church 
of  England  w.is  .illerwaiil.s  cllablillied  heie;  aiu) 
ehun  lies  have  not  onlv  been  built,  but  p.uilhes  allot- 
ted to  tl'.eni,  v\  itli  annual  llipeiids  to  the  iniiiillrrs. 

'I'lic  .Ameiicans  have  large  plantations,  w  liith  pre- 
vent the  iiicrcale  ol  towns.  Iniieed,  each  ])l.iniatioii 
i.s  aliltletown  ol  lib  II,  .md  can  fiiblill  iifelf  with  pio- 
vilioiis  .iiul  neci  ll.iries  ;  iveiy  conlldrrahle  planter'^ 
warehoule  being  like  a  llioji.w  here  he  lupplus  inferior 
phinters,  lervants,  ,ind  labouri  rs,  and  has  cominodi- 
lies  to  barter  lor  tobat  co,  iV^-c.  here  being  little  nionev, 
and  little  occalion  Im  it,  tobacco  anivvering  all  the 
ules  of  goKl  and  liUer  in  trade.  'I'here  is,  indeed, 
both  Spainlh  aiul  Engl ilh  money,  Init  ilu  n  it  lervci 
but  for  pocket  expences,  itc.  Here  are  but  lev.' 
fliopkeeper.s  that  can  be  properly  fo  called,  or  wha 
mav  be  l.ud  to  live  by  then   trades. 

.Sloll  of  the  lew  Indi.ins  live  on  the  call  fhore,  whcro 
they  h.ive  two  or  three  litile  towns.  They  arc  einplos - 
(  d  111  hunting  for  deer  by  the  ,\inericaiis.  'I'lie  caulc  of 
their  diininilhing  proceeded  from  tlicir  own  perpetual 
dilcords  and  wars  amongll  ihcmlclvcs.  'Tis  obferva- 
b!e,  tliat  though  they  are  verv  timorous,  and  cow.irdly 
in  I'.ghi,  \et,  when  taken  priloncrs,  and  ccMidemned, 
they  die  like  heroes,  brav  ing  the  mod  c.xqiiilite  ttn- 
tures,  and  linging  all  tlie  tune  they  are  on  the  rack. 

The  govtrmneiit  of  .Maryland,  as  fettled  in  1776, 
is  now  veiled  in  a  t^overnor  and  five  council, a  Icnate  of 
fifteen,  and  a  houle  of  delegates.  .All  freemen,  abnvir 
2  1  years  ot  age,  having  a  freehold  of /jo  acres,  or  pro- 
perty to  the  value  of  30I.  Inni'  a  right  of  l'ufrr.i'.;e  in 
th.e  election  ol  delegates.  .Ml  perioiis  appointed  to 
any  ofhcc  of  profit  or  trull,  are  to  tubfcribe  a  decla- 
ration of  their  belief  in  tin-  t'hriilian  reli,:;i(m. 

In  178J  a  coUegi'  was  founded  at  (  heller  town  in 
this  province,  under  the  name  of  Walhiiigton  CoU 
lege,  in  honour  of  (ieneral  Walhiiigton. 

SECTION'    ^  I. 


\  I 'AC,  I  X  I  .\. 


Sil;/nliiw.  F.xlint.  Rcuncancy.  Dii'fur.--.  R'lm. 
C.hmatr.  Soil.  Produtiions.  Chi(/  l\Tni\.  Di/jj.-- 
Juiov.',  Mtinnni,  C:ijh'iiii,  (3c.  cj  ti.e  I'lr^uvnin,  nt 
Il  Specimen  of  the  Pn pie  ij  the  Prcv:ncei  in  General. 
Dijtiiplion  i]j  thf  Per/um,  Manner;.,  Cufl.m\(ii. 
c/  the  Indian),  cii^inal  Inhalttanti  ij  Amnua. 

THE  province  of  \'irginia  is  lltuatcd  between  36 
and  .\c,  degrees  of  north  hit.  and  74  and  80  de- 
giec.s  well  longitude,  bciiig  abnui  ~r^o  miles  in  length, 
and  2  |C  in  brcadih.  It  i^  houiHledon  the  1101  tf,  bv  ihc 
river  Po-  .  nac,  on  the  louili  by  Carolina,  on  the  ealt 
by  the  Ba\  of  Chelapeak,  and  on  the  well  by  the  Ap.i- 
lacliian  mountains,  h  1,  p.ioperly  divided  into  four 
l>.iris,  viz.  the  northeiii,  the  middle,  the  loutliern, 
.iiid  ilie  ealleiii  divilions.  Each  of  thefe  contains  ,t 
iiuinher  o!  lounties,  town.;,  ..^^c.  of  which  we  (ball 
mention  liuh  as  are  moll  worthy  of  notice. 

The  entiance  to  \'irgini.i  tor  (hipping  is  by  Chela- 
peak  i5.i)',  wliith  luiu  up  '2.X)  miles  into  the  land. 
'Chrougli  this  bay,  alio,  all  vellels  mull  jials  that  arc 
bound  to  Mar)  land. 

I  he  b 111 r  prim  i[iul  rivers  in  thiscouiuiv  ,11c  janie» 
Rivir,  York  Rivei,  R,i]ih.innock,  and  Potomac. 
Thele  are  nut  only  nav  iL^able  for  large  (hips  inio  the 
be.irl  ul  the  I  oiiiiti),  but  have  to  many  creeks,  and 
receive  (in  h  a  number  ol  fmaller  navigable  rivers,  that 
\'irgiiiii  is,  of  all  Lr'.niiic,,  the  mull  tonvetueiit  for 

navigation. 


AME.RICA.] 

na\  igation.  Il  h.is  been 
j:,.T,'.tioii,  lb. It  ev  ery  pl.iii 
The  clim.ite  is  ileemec 
liitio.'s,  having  a  clear  I 
fi(  lis  in  winter  an-  very 
;ii  I  e.  The  heals  ol  liiim 
I'  Iv,  and  .Augult,  but  ; 
r;  ins;  an''  ;iie  Irelh  bree: 
gicii.i  c-..iitrihule  to  reiid( 
comers,  and  hardly  ieidih 
of  thunder  .iiid  lightning 
(el. Inn  attended  with  ;iir 
The  l<iil,  ill  i;ener.il,  is 
der  It  a  loam,  of  which  1 
(lie  ()ll.ilitv  \  aries  as  it  i- 
giiilhed  into  three  forts, 
all  which,  having  land  m 
land  warmer  ih.iii  that  of 
l.iir.ls  are  mollly  I  iiidv, 
h,.i\o.  'Ilie  low  l.un''.  J 
pool.  Ipiiii  the  wliolc, 
w  .1:1  every  thing  neceil.i 
ol  liie  inhiibitanls. 

I'lie  animals  peculi  ir  ' 
o\-   r-,  foxes,  wild  cats, 
ti  e  licni  waters,  wbeie  1 
r:iiel'ing   thein    lor   the   I 
lio.  ked  with  deer;   and 
b(  ,1'  s.  w  olves,  and  Englil 
and  •  i.iDits  are  plentifiii, 
bill  i     iielides  which  the\ 
w'l  ■    '»  ke  ll-e  badger,  the 
an       e  miill.icu.s,.!  lort  ot 
Iv  ds  tlu'y  have  gr 
f       "'iig.        I'he   X'irgiii 
i;   ,,  'lingitilhing  epithet 
rd  \>  iib  a   pbmiage  ol    bi 
(i   gs   moll    delightfully. 
m.K  king  bird  is  very  me 
1:1;;,.  10  th.it    if  the  linet, 
\-  ,dl'o  the  biiimniii",  bin! 
<-,l  I  re,ition,,nid  liy  fart!-, 
ed  I'l  Icailel,  '.'.reeli,  .iiul 
ill   liowt'rs.xvhieb  is  il^ 
di  "i-  ite  to  be  brought  ai 
all.i  h.ivvks  and  i-.igles,  w 
of  llu'  iiltial  Iptcies. 

A  I  oiintry  lo  interb  • 
fiinpoled  to  abound  w  1: 
ltiin;con  and  cod  ;  and  1 
of  hill  that  .irc  f<iiind  in 
'Ilu;  tt)rells  yiebl  o,il, 
and  lirs ;  ami  the  whole 
v.nieiy  of  jlinibs,  pi. 1111 
fi  uts  not  onlv  (lei  uli.ir  1 
ed  Irom  Engl.md,  as  wi 
abundance. 

T.ibacco  is  ihc   ll.ipb 
and  broughi  to  Uu  h  per 
trallie,   iiol  only  to    t.ii 
world.        I'hi-  iratlie  h. 
Pi  lides  the  ailv  .int.iges 
(roin  the  evporiatioii  o 
cd  the  prodigious  nuin 
iii.itnif.iHiire.    C.reiii  tpi 
wei  e  exporieil  from  (iri 
mciebanisaiul  planters ' 
with  tobacco,  culie,  ai 
in  ''veh.inge,  niol.dles, 
\  II  gini.i  is  .idorned 
buddings;   but  the  on'' 
Willi, initburg  and  jaim 
the  capital  of  the  pro^ 
and  lome  I'pat  ions  echi 
Iroin    ll'e   niotilli   id"    1 
|,niies  'I'own,  wiiich  w 
chu'liv  coiii.iini  luul 

i..nng  pevplc. 


AMI'.RICA.] 


f:  O  R  T  n       A   M   ERIC  A, 


n:i\  i'4.iiioM. 


It  li.is  hccn  uhfcr 


V0(!,  .ltl( 


I  will 


iilitj'.it  (  x;i"- 


'.IIOII, 


ih.il 


i'\  frv  1)1.1  iiU  I 


a  ii\  I  r  at  his  (loni 


rimi.ilc  IS  ili'i-iiu'd  licailli 


l( 


M"lllll  LOII 


lli- 


lllllll. 

hv'.U 


hiiviiii;  a  dear  Ikv,  ami  a  '  itullv  loil.  'I'lic 
I  winter  are  viiv  Iivlti-,  l>iit  (jfllioii  loiitinii- 
ai  (  c.  I'Ik'  Ileal-  ol  liiiuiiitr  arc  ntoil  viokiit  in  June, 
I'  Iv,  and  Aiii;nH,  but  aie  much  mitigiicd  by  the 
r;iii.s;  at''' :rie  lieih  bi  eezes  lliat  arc  CDiumun  l  \'ii- 
jiiiiia  -j-.iilrihute  to  rciRler  the  heal  tolerable  to  new 
comers  and  iiariilv  leiifible  to  ilu'  inhabitants.  Sioiins 
nriluinder  and  Iis;litnini4  are  vcr\  (rciiueiit  here,  but 
lelilom  alirniied  with  anv  iiiil'i  hief. 

riie  Toil,  ill  ti,eneral,  is  a  i  ich  deep  mould,  and  iin- 
<lci  It  a  lo.ini,  of  whieli  tl-.c\'  make  hnc:briik.;  iinl 
llie  i|uiliiv  varies  as  it  is  nioiH  or  dry.  It  is  didin- 
jiiiiihed  1I1IO  liirec  lorts,  \  i/..  Iiij'.ii,  low,  and  inarliiy, 
idl  whieh,  having  (and  mixed  with  tbcin,  make-  their 
bind  wanner  than  that  ol  (ircat  I'rit.iin.  Tlicir  liij^h 
lair.ls  are  molUy  I  tnilv,  luii  bear  lar>;e  crops  ol'  lo- 
hacio.  'I'lu'  h)w  lain'.  :ne  riib.but  the  marlli  hinds 
poor.  I'pon  the  wliole,  iionever,  \'ii  .;inia  abounds 
Wiih  evcrv  thint;  iieeelLnv  lor  the  plealure  or  prolit 
oj  the  iiili;>l)ildnls. 

The  animals  ]>(Culi  ir  "o  this  cnmnrv  arc  beavers, 
ot'.ers,  foxes,  wild  cats,  rie^oiw,  -.iK-rtins,  minks,  in 
the  fredl  waters,  wheie  the  Indians  are  dcMcroiis  in 
«:iu!'iii'4  them   for  the  liir  trade.       'I'lie  woods  arc 


,\i    Wi 
William  III.  c. 


ilhiirt 


;  is  a  rol 
William  , 


foiuulod 


NT.i 


(oik 

d 


4')9 


Tho 


royal  donor  gave  ioool.  towards  it,  and  •^o,'X)0  aeres 
of  laiul,  with  [)ower  lo  piir(  hale  and  hold  lands  to  the 


Itoi  ked  with  deer;  and  thcv  have  al 


(1  .e 


ks,  buHalos, 


b(.i's,  wolves,  and  iMiyJidi  ealtle  oi  all  loils.  Marts 
and  •  i,il)i(s  are  j)leiitifui,aiid  as  qood.is  thoieiii  I'.ng- 
laii  i ,  in'iides  which  ihev  have  the  .irronghena,  loine- 
v'l  ■  rketi-e  b.idger,  the  living  Lpiirrel,  the  opoirmn, 
an  '  ir.iill.ti  ii.>,  a  Ion  of'water  iai,wiiha  miilkv  leeni. 
i"  ds  ilu\  have  great  variety,  both  lor  leather 
n  "'iig.  1  he  N'irginian  iiiglitlii'j,ale,  which  takes 
i;  ,,  'liiigiiilhing  epithet  Ironi  lliis  pioviiue,  is  adorn- 
ed '.'iih  a  plumage  ol  blight  '  riinlon  and  bine,  and 
ii  .gs  moll  delightt'iilK'.  The  natural  note  ot  the 
mocking  bird  IS  \erv  melodious;  belidcs  w  liich.  it  at- 
Ii;;,-  loth. it  lithe  linet,  l.irk,  nigliling.de, >Ve.  '1  here 
i<  dfo  the  hiiimning  bird,  the  Imailell  ol  all  the  wing- 
fil  1  reatioii,  and  In  tar  the  moll  beautiUil,  being  at  ia\- 
fd  111  I'cailet,  green,  and  gold"  It  tips  ilic  diw  I'loiu 
il'i  llowers,  \>liieh  is  it-,  cliiel  iiouridimeiit,  and  is  too 
di  ''c  ite  lo  be  brought  alive  to  Ijigland.  Tliev  luive 
alio  h.iwks  and  lagles,  with  great  variety  ol  wildlowl 
ol  till'  ulual  Ipeciis. 

A  (ouiiirv  lo  iiiterlcAed  with  large  rivers  may  be 
fiippoli  (1  to  .iboiiiui  with  lilh.  On  the  ka  co.ifls  are 
(lui  '^eoii  and  cod  ;  and  iii  the  rivers  almoll  c\  l  i a  kind 
ol  iilli  that  are  loiind  m  other  parts  of  the  woild. 

'I'l-.e  torells  vield  o.iks,  elms,  popl.u,  pines,  cedars, 
andlirs;  and  the  wliole  counirv  i-.  interlpei  I'cil  with 
variety  ol  Ihnilx,  pi, mis,  ,uid  llowcrs.  The)  have 
fruils  not  oiilv  iiei  uli.ir  lo  the  loil,  hut  ibol'e  ii.lroduc- 
od  Irom  r.ngland,  as  well  as  g.irdcii  herbs  in  gre.it 
ahundance. 

'r.ib.ici  I)  is  the  llaple  ( (imiiiodiiv  of  ihe  coiinirVi 
and  broiighl  to  Inch  peri'ection  as  to  eomiiKiiid  .i  large 
Irallie,  not  oiilv  to  iMigland,  but  t(»  .ill  p.irts  of  the 
world.  Till-  irdlic  Ims  emploved  .'OO  lad  of  (hips. 
lielides  the  ,iiK  antages  acciu'.in',  to  the  naiional  Hock 
from  the  evportation  of  lobicio,  are  to  be  conlider- 
cd  the  prodigious  miinher  ol  li.inds  it  employs  in  the 
iiiimit'.ifliire.  (iieat  (pi  uitiiies  ol' divers  commodities 
wei  e  exported  I  roinCJroat  Biil.iin  to  this  eoloiiv,  whole 
HUM  ch,i  III  sand  [ilanters  liipplied  tlie  Well  liidi.i  ill.nid. 
with  tobacco,  ci.iie,  ami  provilioiis,  bringing  back, 
in  exihange,  mol.dles,  I'lir.ir,  .iiid  rum. 

N'liginia  is  adorned  bv  kvei.d  m.ignilicent  public 
buildings;  but  the  oti'v  towns,  worthy  of  noiice,  arc 
Willi. mifbnrg  and  |.iines  Tiux  ii.  Williamduirg,  now 
th.e  capital  iif  the  pri>\  nice,  has  a  luimber  ol  lioul-  ;, 
and  loine  fpatioiis  ed'lices.  It  is  about  foriv  miles 
from  ihe  mouth  of  [imes  River,  and  fi'vcii  Iroiii 
j.iines  Town,  wide  h  wis  kirm.-rlv  tin:  cipital,  but  now 
chiellv  (OiK.iins  luul  s  |oi  the  iiueitaintnciil  of  Icd- 
L.tin;;  iHA.plc. 


d  a  (1 


tiiy  ot  oik:  peiinv  per 


value  ot  yt;ool.  .a  v  i  .u 

poundon  .ill  tob.icco  I  .xporu  ilto  the  otherplinit.ilyin  ■. 
The  Honourable  .Mr.  llov  ic  made  a  very  huge  dona- 
tion I  o  the  (ol  lege  lor  !  lie  education  ol  I  iidi. in  children. 
\  irginia  was  the  bill  eo'.oiiv  pl.intcd  In  the  f'.iiglilli 
ill  America:  lor  though  lb  :  continent  ul  North  Aine- 
iici  was  dilcovered  by  Scl'altiaii  Cajjot,  in  1.197,  no 
.■.tiem])ts  were  m  ide  lor  (ettkng  a  colony  on  it  till  the 
reign  of  Ouceii  I-.li/.abeth,  v\Ik-ii  Sir  Walter  Kaleigh, 
the  moll  cnter|)riziiig  genius  of  that  age,  obtained  let- 
ter. p;itetit  for  the  purpofe.  .\  lipiadron  of  (hips  was 
accordingly  luted  out,  aii.l  a  iminber  of  adv.'ntuvers 
eiiib. irked.  I'pon  their  ;'.rriv.d  Sir  W.ilter  erected  the 
Knglilli  llandard,  totjk  rjoileliion  of  the  coimiry  in  tl..-; 
n.iiueol  Queen  Kii/.al-elb,  a  id,  in  lumoiir  of  bis  royal 
millrels,  called,  it  X'i.ginia.  Unfoi  tun.itelv,  however, 
this  great  ni;!ii  (ailed  in  h.is  expedition,  and  lii.s  grand 
dehgiis  were  conlecpieiitl     rendered  abortiv. 

The  badlilccef^  altt'iiihi  g  the  full  attempts  fecmed 
to  give  little  hopes  of  tlieir  being  ever  completed;  for 
near  one  half  of  the  lirlt  colony  was  dcltroyed  by  the 
Indians;  .inrl  tin- tell,  w<prii  out  by  fatigue  and  famine, 
returned  to  iheir  native  countrv .  The  fecond  colony 
was  cut  oti"  by  the  Indi.iiis.  Tiu'  third  (bared  the  f.imc 
(ate.  'I'lic  fourth  h.id  dwindled  to  a  poor  remainder, 
and  were  reiu  riling  in  a  I  ami  filed  condition  toKngkind, 
when,  jull  in  ihe  mouth  of  Cbelapeak  I>,iy,  tluy  were 
met  by  Lord  nel.iwarc,  wiili  a  ftpiadroii  loaded  with 
provilioiis,  and  cv  cry  thing  nece(la.ry  for  their  relief 
and  defence.  At  his  pcrliialion  they  returned.  I'y  hi< 
advice,  prudence,  and  winning  behaviour,  the  govern- 
ment ol  the  coIon\  was  letiled  u  illiiii  illell,  and  put  011 
a  relpeclabic  looting  w  illi  regard  loils  enemies.  Tlii> 
nobleman,  who  had  accepted  the  government  of  \'ir- 
giiii.i  Irom  the  moll  laud.ible  motiv  es,  w.is  compelled, 
l)V  the  dec.iv  cd  dale  o!  bis  be.iiib,  lo  n  liirn  to  f'.ngl.ind, 
but  left  beliind  him  a  ileputy  and  couiu  il,  comjioled  ul 
lilieral  and  intelligeu!  men.  Nor  ilid  the  noble  gover- 
nor, on  his  reiuiii  to  f'.nglalid,  forget  the  colonv'.  I'or 
eight  years  togetlier  be  uas  indelatigabic  in  I'lirfiiiiig 
every  plan  that  could  tend  to  the  iieopling,  luppoit, 
and  government  of  ;h.is  teitlemeut.  He  (lied  in  piii- 
i  liiit  ol  ibe  lame  ol'jcCl  in  hisp.dl.ige  to  N'iigiiiia,  hav- 
I  ing  luted  out  tome  vede's  l.ideliwilh  tloies  lor  the 
ule  (d  the  colonv.  1  he  killers,  howevi  r,  were  lo 
tirinly  cllablilhed,  that  they  etlcciii.dly  fruttr.iicd  the 
.ilicmiils  of  the  Indi.ins  to  .ippole  them,  and  eieclnl 
|,iiiies  'I'own,  liie  full  jiLu  e  built  bv'  the  I'.uglilh  in 
this  part  of  the  world.  The  colonv  now  c«)niinued 
to  llourilli,  and  ihe  true  louice  ol  Us  wealoi  lu'g.in  to 
be  dilcovered  and  improv  ed. 

liiis  leitlcmcnt  w.is,  at  lirll,  greatly  didrelkdfor 
w  ives,  lew  females  caring  lo  go  ov  er ;  and  i lie  pi.intv  r-, 
leemedtothink  it  aw  ickedthingiom.iicb  with  I'.igan;. 
liut  as  loon  as  the  colonv  w.is  (eilled,  and  the  plante  s 
HI  good  cii  cuudlances,  a  great  many  girls  went  (U  1  >• 
thither  from  I'.iigl.ind,  in  expe(lati.>n  of  m, iking  iluii 
lortunes,  carrv  ingcei  tiiic.iie.s  with  lii-iu  oi'i|-.eirc!ia*t'' 
beh.iviour  on  ibis  Ink-  liic  w.iur  ;  for,  without  liicii 
cettilic, lies, the  cautious  planters,  ihoughev  er  foiimcll 
ihllieded  for  wives,  would  not  .idiiiit  lhe;n  to  llie;r 
beds.  If  thcv  were  but  moderately  tpialil'.ed  m  other 
refpecls  Ml  tliofe  d.iys,  ihev  might  depep  I  upon  bi'ili'.; 
well  mai  1  led.  '1  be  pl.inui  s  weie  lo  lai  IVom  expecting 
money  v'iih  a  woman,  iImi  11  w.is.i  common  tf.iiig  tj 
buy  a  delervlng  w  ik',  w  ho  c.iine  ov  ti  thither  a  kuv  .mi, 
al  the  price  of  lOol.  ll  Hie  i.iiried  g.Kid  telliinoni.ds 
with  her.  But  ,ilicrward<, ''vlieii  the  ft  uilfulneis  <  f 
\'iiginia  vcas  b.:tier  kiiu.vn,  .iiid  the  daiigi-rs  incident 
to  an  inf.iiit  leitlemeiu  w  're  ov  er,  peoiile  in  good  cir- 
ciliullances  \\c]\[  ovi  r  ihi.her  with  then  f.imiles,  eitli.;r 
to  improve  then  cllaie:.,oi  ,iv  oid  peilecutioii  al  home-, 
and  pariiciilai'v.at  ilic  lime  of  the  gr.iiul  rebellion,  fe- 
veial  rood  cavalier  fainiUts  letiiL'J  ibulier,  a;,  ihule  on 

It.-. 


*        '  IS 


A' 


f;} 


I.  (' 


I'Mlll'^t 


* 


\-)0 


A  SV.W 


ArTiir.x lie SYSTr.M  or  rxnT.R«; \i. r.r.ocR apiiv. 


the  oilier  nde  did, upon  tin-  ifl'.or.ition  (iFKini; 


the-  Sci 
dill 


.k1: 
iniiii 


It  \ 


ii'iiitn.' 


Ch.irlc 
h.id  IVw  of  tlu-  UmiT,  hav- 


n. 

to  i!ic  r()\'.i 


find  hfiltir  liy  lu'V  hnaltv, 


idhcii 


1  t. 


il'u-r  all   oilui-  jH-oiiU-  had  Cidi- 


iniiu-fl 


1  t)  llu"  ur'.i.riialion. 


Iliol^ 


l)i 


inrt,  thcri 


oil',  W'V 


111-  1(1U1\C1-|U' 

rit  to  \fw  Kn.;'a! 


ids,  I' 


n  ilu- 


iinii"  ihf  tvoiiliU's  in  Ilu-  vcitrn  (i 


of  ihc  1 


(nan 


f  (.  h.ulcs  I.  inanv 
ils  lU'd  to  \'irni'iia,  and,  isndi'V  the  com- 
tnand  of  Sir  William  I5erkiky,  held  out  for  the  crown, 
till  liic  p:\vlian-ient  found  means  to  reduce  them 


Th 


re  is  iiothin-  ver\-  mterellui"  in  the 


iillor\  ol  1 


leal'ure  unimproved,  IVequeiilty  appears  tii  very  for- 


eihie  inllain  e' 

The  lliird,  vi  lower   eial 


th 


rovitue  after  the  ri 


■lloration.    A  kind  of  rehel- 


lion,  indeed,  broke  out  on  account  of  iome  relhie- 
tions  haviin;  been  laid  1 
the  death  oi  the  leader 


)v  I'overnincnl  on  trade. 


•ui 


ot   llie  in 


ura'cnts  rellorcd  the 


jjcare    ot    tlie   coloin-,   anil 
C(Uife(iuenccs  of  a  ci\  il  war 


M  I.  \  elite 


d  tl 


he   dread! ul 


A\'hile\'ir"inia  coniinued  niuh  r  the  lUitidi  ^overn- 


»-,"nt,  t 


.11  ad 


he   f;overnor  was  veiled  will)   plenary  pi 


s  ot  adinini 


[Irati 


iiu!  hi.^  11 


fual  lahuA   wi 


roni  :  to  3000I.   a  year,  ihrlndiii!^  peripiilit 


tonncil  was 

il 


the  upper  hciile  in  the 


ipp: 


ilaur.ed  a  negative  voice  in 


-11 


all 
■1  he 


einlilv. 


Tl 


ihl\ 


men  were   two  lor  cadi   count\',  tliolen   l)v 


hold 


ers  1 


Hit  their  ads  were  to  he  approve 


tin-  liee- 
d   bv  the 


As  in  the  <nher  pr 


there  is  up.iver 


lal 


coiiipolc  the  hu 


aiu 


of  the  people  (who  ever 

Ik  of  mankind)  an-  niollly  liofpitablo 

Tliev  aie  iiiikU 


'1 
1  "eneroiis,  tlioui;li  iioiU  and  iiii 


iddicled  to  iiunru  l\  ,aiu 


1  averl:'  to  labour. 


The  ■general  liolpiialiiy  that  pvev.uls  ihrounliout  all 


the  louiliern  provinces  w  ill  evicu  nlly  apj'eai  ir 


1  the 


)w  ini;  ))eeuliar  euUom.s 


that  are  uiuverlal 


A  traveller,  even  of  the  lowcll  ran 


k,  obf 


ervinq  an 


(ucliard  lull  of  line  fruit,  either  apples  or  peaches,  in 
or  near  his  wav,  enters  w  ithout  ecremoiiy,  aiul  fills  his 


In  'and  e\  in  .1  h.u'  il  he  has  o 


)ne) 


W  IlllDUl  .llkllVJ 


perinillion,  or  bein-^  lialile 


This  11 


to  eenluie. 
II 


not  appear  lo  lliaiv.;e  vlien  it  is 
h. 


conlideied  ihat  luv  kind  of  liiiii  lure  is  lalealile,  ,uid 
that  il  is  in  lucli  plenty  that  the  inhabilunls  daily  feed 
their  lums  with  the  liiicfl  (ort  duiiiii;  the  I'caion. 

Traveilers  ill  <Ih'  iNtler  lealoii,  aii:  jjener.iliy  of- 
fered on  the  lo.iii  as  111  uch  as  llii\  k.u\  liriiik.  ,iiid  iie- 
tpieiillv  rrquelted  to  llay  all  nii^ill,  and  be  lioipiiably 
enieriained. 


W 


!en  a  jiei'lon  ol  appaient  ran 


k  cal 


IS  at  an  unlinarv 


)f  their  in;...)  lor  lelrelhinent  and  loih^inu; 


for  a  nitjhl,  as  lotui  as  anv  neiiileiu.m  o 


f  fort 


une  III  the 


neil'ldio 


irtii 


a  h 


toh,'iation  here  111  niatlers  ol  relu;ioii. 


liinielt,  or  lends  I 


rs  ot  11,  h 
1:1  a  polite 


'11 


le  trovernment  o 


fil 


nro\  nice,  as 


fettl 


VI  iiiioii,  in  |iil\-  1776,  is  velhii  in  a  governor,  I 


:d  III  coii- 


eliate 


all  ot  wlioin  are  cholen 


,  and  .1  lioule  of  deliiiau 
llv.   But  the  priv\-euiiiu  il,  or  council  o 


coiihllinci  of 


V 
'lu 


meniliers,   is  a 


llo  I 


0  !)(•  Clio 


tl 


le  |o 


ni  ballot  of  the  feiiate  aiid  hoii 


o 


I    del 


I  llati 

ten  b' 
e''ate,> 


to  allill  in  llie  adii 


i  I!  rati 


ion  ot  "overniueiit. 


As  the 


irovince  01 


\'iriiinia  is  deemei 


1  th 


coniiderabie  of  the  I'niied  Slates  of  .\inerica,  am 
there  is  a  finiilarity  of  diipotition,  tnaniiers,  cuiloms 
iS;c.  between  llie  people  of  the  provinces  in  general 


wc  luall  treat  ol 


th 


ole  naiiiculars 


under  this  head. 


Ip 


len  of  the  wh 


fen  led  ; 


talile,  and  poll 

aiiiiear:-  to  be  but   three  ileiir 


il  .ire  reju'elen 
iiiv'  \  erv  liberal 


IS  ;:enrro'is 


lent 


imelils. 


hofpi 
Thei 


ol   r.iiiK  ainoM'j 


10  I, IS  liouli 


,  w  Here  he  iseniei  taiiieu  much  mure  a^iee- 


lor  him 


prilling  iii\  u.itiuii 


either  conies 


and 


u-efi 


aiilv  than  he  could  be  at  llic  inn.  He  is  treated  in 
the  moll  liolpiiablc  m.iniier,  and  his  lervants  and 
liorfes  l.ire  piciiteoully  during  the  time  of  his  (lay. 
This  i.s  done  with  a  );ood  ftrace,  nor  is  the  lead  hint 
dropped  of  a  curious  deiirc  lo  know  the  buliiiefs  or 
even  n.iiiie  of  the  ltraii£;er. 

\'iri;iiiia,  at  the  coiimienccnient  of  ihc  late  unhappy 


coniiiioiions   wa 


s  l.iid  lo  contain  fir.o.OOO  ilihabi 


units 


of  w  liicli  IK  arly  two  thirds  w  ere  blacks.     Bui  that  ac- 
count, hv  moll  calciilHior>,  has  been  deemed  e.xag^e- 
may  be  laid  to  be  (ixcd  at. 


ated,  and  the 


meuiuin 


:^00,0O0 

As  th 


in  ihc  sliole. 
lit 


ere  IS  a  dillereiice  in  rank  ainim'^  the  inhabi- 
tants, not  oiiiv  ol'  \  ir:;iiiia,  but  the  colonies  in  K<'iie- 
ral,  Co  alio  is  ihere  in  iheir  manner  of  liviiu'.of  w  Inch 


tile  inhabitants,  excluiive  ol  the  iie;'roes. 

T!:e  (iril  rank  conhits  of  iionilenien  oi  [he  beif  ( 


the  ioIIowiul: 


milies  and  furtui'.es  in  the  coloiiv. 


TheR 


had 


iiera 


1  ed 


iication,  ])o 


I'd 


III  (;eller.il, 
s  much  difcern- 


it,  and  Inch  a  comiwtent  kiiowleds'e  of  ilie  world, 


as  prfrducc  an  vale  and  freidimi  ol  iiiaiincrs  ai 


d 


d 


.falls 


iiiav  ferve  as  a  ipeiimen. 
if  loriiincuiiially  riles  about  nineociock, 
s  between  nine  and  ten.      I  lis  bieakfall 


;;eiier.iliy  conlids  of  tea  or  coffee,  liread  and  biiiler, 
iiid  vcrv  thin  llices  of  venilon,  ham,  or  liiin^  heel. 
Mi;  then  n  pofes  (if  in  the  hot  wealhei  J  on  a  p.illel,  011 


verlaliOii  tiat   caniiD 
or  fitua'.ion. 


t   be  atl'ecled  b\    eiiciiiiillaiues  'l  the  lioor,  111  the  coolcit  room  in  tii 


I  his  II 


ml 


I  and  trow  fers  oni\ ,  w  iih 


a   uecjro  at  his  bead  and 


Th' 


arc  deemed,  upon  the  whole,  moH  ai;veea!)lo      otliei  at  liisle 


oinp.'inioMs, 
jiait  ii\e  111  el 


;hb 
d 


T 


eel,  lo  Ian  hiin  am 


le   "rcaler  il  twccn  twelve  and  nnc 


laki 


1  keep  off  the  fl 
(1 


les 


He 


id  liilendour,  and  inaintain  the  1 


;ra'K  e  ol  ^iraiideiir  hi 


)tb  at  home  and 


il. 


Th. 


and  conli 


of  th 
fl  of  I 


e  lecoii 


d  (le 


irec  are  vcrv   nuineroii . 


uch  a  v.irii'tv 


fil 


i',!ulariiv  and  mixture 


•rs,  that  the  leadnm  feature  tan  fca 


alcenainei 


Il  f 


I.      Ti 
itabli 


pp: 


IR'V  are,  however,  "cncrous,  iiiei 


Iv  be 
:dlv 


nil  ihele  "ood  iiiialilles  are  mi.xid  1 


icarance  ol  bluiunels,  wiiieli  teems  t''  re 


roil)  tlieir  "i-norat  miercoinie  with  flaves,  over 


\.  hoiii  ihev  are  aecullomed  tu  excrcife  an  bar 
iibfohite  eomiiuind. 

Some  of  llie  lecoiul  r.ir 

to  m  !ii\    of  i!'f  fill 


and 


It   the 


joflei's  fortunes 
f 


ancient  oi-  r.linc^M'-,  a  circumllaiic 


eir   lainilles   are  not   lo 


c  io  WIUCIl  lllllCll 


«i 


ifjiiiiv  IS  hcri 


d. 


J"hey  are  luUlicl'-d  10  tverv  kind  of  fpor:,  '^amiiiE; 


and  difiipitioii,  p.inicuiaiiy  horle-r.ui 


11"   and  I  01 


ll'Tlltl 


Taken  ahoe.eiher.thev  form  a  ftrai'ue  com 


Mii.ition  ot  priiici|-.|(. 


pradicesdirecllv  op])olite; 


oiiie  beihij  ,is   laudable  and   worthy  of   iiiiitalioii,  as 
n  are  contenipnbb;  and  obnoxious. 


.V'ltwiihltandim;  ll 


IS  appareni  iiiconliflencs  of  ch 


r.Kirr,  principle  and  coiidiK.I,  nuinbers  ol  ihein  arc 
truly  \,iluable  members  of  fociet\-,  and  few  or  mmih, 
tleficient  in  natural  j;rniu:,  v  liich,  lliuiii^h  in  a  grcal 


es  a  (trauj^lil  v\  l)oinlio  or 
todd\,  a  li'iiior  con.; oled  of   water,  lii''ar,  rum  and 


■I 
luitiiu''',  which  is  made  weak  and  kept  cool 


bet 


weeiv  two  and  Miree 


am 


lal 


c\  I  rv 


tab 


>l.     He  (lilies 
le,  w  halt  \er 


elle  ihere  iliav  be,  .1  ham  and  i;reiii .  lorm  j>eiieralU  a 
flaiidiiu;  dilli.  At  liinner  he  drinks  lyder,  loddy, 
punch,  port,  i  larel,  or  .Madeira,  which  is,  in  ^jeneial, 


exceiicn;  lien 


AI: 


er  dinner  lie  returns 


toll 


)is  liallel 


u  ill)  his  two  blacks  10  fan  hiiii,  and  lontimics  to  drink 


toddv 


Iv  or  fa 


iiieeall  II 


.iliiriioiiii;  hedocsnoi  .ilwax  < 


(irini;  tea.  Between  nine  and  in  in  the  eveiiiii'.;  lu: 
eats  a  light  fiippcr  ol  milk  and  fiuil,  or  wine,  linear, 
fruit,  &c.  and  ihiioll  iininediau  Iv  reliii  ^  lo  bed  lor  the 
nii;ii:,  in  which,  if  lie  be  not  fui  milled  with  mul;|uei(.> 
curtains,  he  is  ;'( iiiiallv  fo  molelted  with  the  beat,  and 


died  i 


loiinentid  wiihinlecls,  iliat  he  receive 


\  CIS  Iillle  reircihmcit  from  llcep.     'I'his  is  the  nciici.d 
mode  of  iiviiui.  of  a  man  of  loriiiiie  in  hi>  faiiiilv  w  lieii 


n  lias  no  conipanv, 


II 


)t  iiieniioiicd  a>  without 


exception,  Lui  asa  mode  that  more  lolluw  tli  indo  not. 
Ihc  mode  of  liviiic,  of  mam-  of  the  middlmui  and 


all  llie  lower  claffcs  of  whites,  is  verv 

m 

a  lul.iti  mau 


different.      A 
an  in  tills  line  riles  about  fix  o'l  lock.   He  then  di  ink'* 


jul.ii 
After  ihii  h 


ol  1  mil,  water  and  liiRar,  but  vcrv  llroii;^. 


c  walks  or  lldes  rouiiit  hi.^  pl.ililatioti,  t.ikeii 


,  t.lkc 


liirves  of  111)  Hock,  and  all  hi. 


crop,  ail 


db 


{calslal 


tbuut 


i 

Ta\K  ■    ' ' 

i 

m 

m 

AMf.RirA.] 


)il)()iii  ii'M  on  i"'i!  till' 


I 


( 


'/' 


l»ANKKS's,    \.ii-  ^i/.>f< /// <'/  KWxWiWXlXS '^/M.i/h ,  ///  ^ht/.//.   // 


7 


N/lli 


'////. 


/.    //,n 


iiitnt 


'/ 


V.  r 

h,ui),  HH'.kI  .111(1  l>ill!(  I, tiM,  I 
lall.liowiviT,  is  rrldoMll.iltc 
nil   of   llic  iliy  lu'   Ipiiids  1 
Ij^I'Dn-iU'li  riliiil.is  :i  iiMii  i> 
liipplics  iIk'  i)l;iii'  111    \Miic 
tiM)])!  r:  iluy  lt.l(l()in  tlimk 
Ul'ilom  iliinls  KM  ill  'In'  -il'i 
I'lu-  liii  (if  lla-  ]H)oi-  iiigr 
i,  ,,llc)nilliiMn  to  cdiici'ivi:  v 
[luoi  wrcirliis  uii(kr;;o,  .m 
IS  cilkil  i'l>  iiiilic  iiioinini;. 
alldVNcd  lime  ciioU';!!    i"   l\ 
h'tiniuniy,  or  lioi-  i.ikc,  Imi 
loilicliild  lohmd  i,ih«>ur, ;i 
«iiii  iiitiriiiinioii  till  noon, 
tin  iimll.iiuT, that  the  n(i;n 
of  hri'  with  iliciii,  ant!  Utic 
let  till-  wcatlur  bci'Vir  lo  I 
is  ilie  tiitic  he  f.its  Ins  dun 
luinv  and  fall,  and  if  nisin, 
lu-   lias  a  liitlc   I'al,  Ikiniim 
tall  luiiin'^,  lo  iililli  lii>  lio 
allow  iluMi-  iiavis  iwuu  a  \ 
lurd  l.ilioiii,  wliiili  roiilitii 
die  cvciiiii!;,  \>hcn  liu",   ro 
^^llerc  iMcli  lias  liistalk  in 
nni)l<)ss  tiiin  lor  Ionic   lui 
iMorninn  lliat  he  has  ne>;lt 
roiiiud  his  talk,  he  is  IK(] 
ol  lalhis  on  his  bare  bad 
the  (hli  ration  of  the  over 
fxcri  lie   u\  iiiiliiTiiiid  don 
ll  IS  la.e  It  m^lu  before  h( 
meal,  .'"d  e\  en  ihe  tune 
upon  his  lioiiis  ol'  llee]),  \\ 
ceed  ei;;ht  in  ininiber  ior 
liui  v>li't  is  ainaziim,  cii 
tmdeinoiie,  whuh  innll  n, 
he  luiiiii-nlly  leis  out   ti 
ll  veil  miles  in  the  iiii;!ii, ' 
lo   a   iiei;ii)  danee,   in  v. I 
nllonilliini;  ability  and  il 
kepiii^' lime  and  cadeiiei 
Ol   a  banjor    (a   lari^c  ho 
liiiliiiO  and  a  iiviacjua  {h 
until  111-  t  shaulls   lumK  1: 
liriii!;ih  lo  ri  tin  n  lioiiu 
ralli'ci  I'nrlh  to  tod  the  lu 
lie  lh(  ps   on  a  beiuli, 
old  Uaniy  liiiv^le   blanket 
to  lerve   lioth   lor  bed  a 
eonlills  of  a  (lurt  and  iro\ 
(lull   ill  ihe   liiminer,  wul 
jacket,  brecihcs,  and  lln 
III  the   (anie  inannei  tl 
with  relpecl  to  fare,  lain 
they  breed, they  Icldoin  1 
(itlu  r  in  the  delivery  or 
'I'hile  wretched  bein. 
pallive,   r  )r   dare  rellll, 
«i;iinlt  ji  )■  iiijiir)  Irom 
a  negro's  arm  lo  be  l!i 
■i.  white  perlon,  on  any  j 
I'ormiiatcly  for  them, 
an  apathy,  or  latislied  di ' 
ill,;  their  de'^^raded  liiiiii 
whi(  h  their  raee  i^  iuhje 
jovial,  eonteiited  and  h 
(leiuliar  blelling  ol    I'l' 
iipial  to  the  weinht,  mu 
tin  h  eomplicated  milei  ■ 
lla\  mu  had  freqiien: 
dt'leripiion  of  the  modi 
rneniioti  honmiiny,  hoe 
I'arv  to  explain  thole  te 
Iloiimiiiiy  IS  an  Ann  i 
I'leed  Irom  the  hulk-;, 
No.  .16. 


AMF.RICA.] 


NORTH      A  M  F,  R  I  C  A. 


501 


V///. 


jiliDiii  li-ii  on  roll!  tuii.'-y,  rf>i(l  mfni,  lo.id  ,uul  f\(k'r, 
h.ini,  Inc. Ill  .111(1  l)iil!rr,  tiM,  roll. a-  or  cIhic  dI.iIi-,  whii  li 
i.ill,  iiowiviT,  is  ii  li'.oin  l.illid  liul  jiv  llii'  wojiifii.  Tlic 
nil  of  ilic  (I  IV  111'  l[n.inls  riuK!)  Ill  ilu:  l.iiiii;  in. inner 
Ik  1 1  in-  (K'li  rilx  (1  .IS  .1  Ml.:  II  (iC  I  ho  lirll  r.i'ik,()niy  cyder 
|iil)|)li(s  till'  piiuf  oi  wiiic  iit  diiinir,  ii..(i  he  eats  luj 
lii'>|)rr:  iluy  Icldoin  iliiiik  of  it.  Tiie  women  very 
UIiIdhi  dunk  ic.i  in  ilie  ■ilicriionn j  ilie  iiicii  never. 

rlu-  liil  III  liie  piior  iiijiro  I1.IV(.•^  is  liard  indeed.  It 
i..  .iliiiiiidiiiii;  to  eoiKi'iv;;  what  .mi.i/.iiin  r,ilii;iie  liiele 
|Hior  wretrlics  uiKkr!;o,  .iiid  cm  luppoii.  'I'lic  ir^ki 
).;  railed  v\i  in  the  nuirningai  break  olikiN ,  .iiul  Icldoin 
allowed  time  eiioii;^li  to  Iwallow  three  inoulhriils  ol 
h'liniiiiiiy,  or  hoe  e.ikc,  Imt  is  driven  out  iiiiiiicdiaii  ly 
to  ilic  Ik  Id  to  hard  l.diour,  at  whii  h  he  toiiliiiiies  with- 
iiiii  inuTiiiiliiiiii  nil  noon.  It  i.s  oblcrved  as  a  liiii>iilar 
I  III  11  mil. uuc, that  the  IK  '^lots  always  t  J rrv  out  a  piece 
ol'hii'  Willi  tliciM,  and  kindle  one  jnll  by  their  work, 
let  the  weather  be  evir  lo  hot  and  lultry.  About  noon 
Is  the  lime  he  eats  Ins  dinner,  which  condlls  of  hoin- 
iiiinv  .iiid  r.di,  and  if  ins  in.dler  be  a  in.in  of  huniaiiiiy, 
lu-  lias  a  liitle  I'.ii,  (kinuiicd  milk,  ridty  b.udii,  or  a 
l.di  hfiiiim,  10  ri  lilli  liis  lioiiiininv,  whicli  kindin.ifters 
.'.How  iIku-  ll.ivcs  iwue  a  week.  Tluy  then  reann  to 
lianl  l.iboiii,  which  coiiiintics  in  the  I'cld  until  du(k  in 
the  cviiiiiii;,  when  tlie\  repair  to  the  tobacco  houles, 
when'  iMcli  h.is  his  t.dk  in  llrippint;  allotted  him  ;  that 
(•iiipli)\s  Inin  r.ir  Icmie  hours.  1(  it  be  lotind  next 
11:01  iiiiis;  til. 11  lie  has  ne(;lfClcd,  {li(;hted,  or  not  per- 
Inrnicd  his  t.ilk,  he  is  tied  up  and  lenivesa  number 
ol  l..(hes  on  his  b  iie  back,  moll  leverely  inflided  at 
the  (Ilic  rei ion  ol  the  (nerleers,  who  are  permitted  to 
rxenile  in  iinlimiied  dominion  over  ihcl'e  wretches. 
It  IS  l,i;e  It  night  before  he  returns  to  his  other  Icanty 
iiie.il,  .nil!  even  the  time  taken  up  at  it  encroaches 
upon  Ins  hours  of  (leej),  which  aliooeiher  do  not  ex- 
ceed ei;;lit  111  number  lor  e.itiim  and  flrepin!;. 

])Ui  wh.'t  IS  amazint;,  coiilidrriii'4  the  lalijiiiche  has 
luidei'^one,  wliuh  mult  naiur.ilU  dilpofe  bim  to  relt, 
he  fiei|ueiiily  leis  out  from  home  and  walks  lix  or 
le\  en  miles  ill  the  iii'.;!it,  be  the  weither  ever  io  lultr\', 
10  .1  iiei;ii)  d.iiue,  111  whuli  he  beats  his  part  with 
nitonilhiiit;  ai;ility  and  the  moll  vigorous  exertions, 
k'  tjiin;.',  lime  .iiid  c.ideiice  moll  cx.ictly  with  the  mulic 
<ii  a  h.in|()r  (a  laic^e  hollow  inlliuiiuiu  with  three 
lliint;s)  and  a  (ju.kiu.i  (lomewhat  releinlilin.;  a  diuiii) 
iiiilil  he  t  \li. lulls  lumhir,  and  le.irielv  has  time  or 
lireii'.;ili  to  retuiii  home  much  beioic  the  hour  he  is 
railed  Inrlli  to  lod  ihe  ne\t  d.is . 

lletleips  una  luiicli,  or  on  ihe  ground,  with  an 
old  Ic.iuiv  (ingle  blanket,  and  not  alw.us  even  ih.il, 
10  ler\e  both  lot  bt:d  and  eo\erin';.  Ills  clotliiiii^ 
cniiliils  of  a  Hurt  .lud  trow  lets  made  ol  cou  Ic  hemuen 
(lull  in  the  (ummcr,  with  the  addition  of  .1  woollen 
j.uket,  breeches,  and  (hoes  in  the  winter. 

Ill  the  Came  manner  the  feiii.de  (hues  arc  tre.Tted, 
with  refpecl  to  fare,  labour  and  repole.  Kven  when 
they  breed,  the\  Icld.im  loiC  more  than  a  week's  work 
eiili(  r  in  the  delivery  or  lucklin.^  the  child. 

'I'lule  wretched  beings  are  oldiged  to  be  entirely 
pdli\e,  r  ir  dare  relill,  or  even  defetnl  themlelves 
•  giiiilt  di  )■  injury  from  the  whites,  for  the  law-  directs 
a  negro's  arm  lo  be  llruck  oH',  who  railes  it.  agiinil 
a  white  per(on,  oil  anv  pretence  whatever 

Fonuiiately  for  them,  they  (eemto  be  endowed  with 
an  apatln-,  or  latislied  dilpolition,  which,  nolw  ithdand- 
ing  their  degraded  Iniiatioii,  and  the  rigid  leverity  to 
winch  their  race  i-.  lubjetled,  renders  them  apparenily 
joual,  conteiued  and  happy.  Were  it  not  for  this 
peculiar  blelling  of  IVov  idence,  human  niiure,  un- 
i-(|ual  to  the  weight,  mull  link  under  the  prclfurc  of 
liu  h  complicated  iiiilei) . 

Having  h.id  frequcni  occ.id.in,  in  the  couii'e  of  our 
delcri|)tion  of  the  mode  of  liie  thele  jicople  le.id,  to 
mention  honniunv,  hoe  cake,  &c.  we  deem  it  necel- 
fary  to  expl.iin  tliofe  terms. 

Hoiiiminy  is  an  .Vmeric.in  difli  made  of  Indian  corn 
freed  from  the  hulk-;,  boiled  along  with  a  fiiiall  pro- 
No.  .jG. 


]inition  of  a  large  kind  of  French  be.ms,  until  it  be- 
comes almoll  a  pulp.  It  is  in  general  ut'e,  and,  to 
molt  [i.il.ites,  agreeable.  Hoe-cake  is  Indi.in  corn 
ground  into  meal,  kneaded  into  dough, and  baked  on 
a  hoi,  broad,  iron  hoe.  This  is  in  common  ufe,  but 
not  Co  pal  liable  as  the  former. 

We  fliall  now  give  a  defcription  of  the  pcrfons, 
ddpoliiions,  characler,  ciiltoms,  <fec.  of  the  Indians, 
or  original  iiihabiiants  of  yVinerica. 

Thele  people  go  under  divers  denominations,  as 
Lake  Indians,  Attalvavas,  Dulls,  Dclawarcs,  Shaw- 
nees,  Mowhawks,  Cherokees,  Chickefaw.s,  Creeks, 
&c.  &c. 

The  Indians  of  America  arc  tali,  (Iraight,  and  well 
proportioi'.cd  in  their  limbs.  Their  bodies  arc  flrong, 
hut  their  (Ireiigih  is  of  a  fpecies  adapted  to  (upport 
hardlhip  rather  than  perform  labour.  Their  features 
are  regular,  their  complexion  fomewhat  of  a  copper 
colour,  their  hair  long,  black  and  (Irong,  as  that  of  a 
horfe. 

They  generally  wear  only  a  blanket  wrapped  about 
them,  or  a  (hirt,  both  which  they  purchafe  o(  the  Eu- 
ropean fettlers.  Thole  who  fird  vKiied  thcfe  parts 
found  Ibme  nations  entirely  naked,  and  others  with  a 
coirle  cotton  cloth,  wove  by  thcmfelvcs,  round  their 
waid  ;  but  in  the  northern  parts  their  whole  bodies 
are  in  winter  covered  with  fkins. 

The  Indians  are  not  dchcieiit  in  natural  underftand- 
ing  or  ingenuity,  many  of  them  (hewing  a  capacity 
for  (ome  art  or  Icience. 

One  of  their  leading  charafteriftics  is  revenge,  to 
gratify  which  an  Indian  will  travel  on  foot  fi  veral 
hundred  miles  through  woods  in  night  and  darknefs, 
fecreting  himlelf  during  the  d.iy  to  avoid  lulpirion. 
Notwithitanding  this  revengeful  dilpofition,  laudable 
qualities  are  attributed  to  them,  and  many  are  repre- 
fentcd  by  writers  as  entertaining  noble,  fpirited  and 
|i  juft  ideas.  Cienerally  (peaking,  they  have  no  g'cat 
I  command  over  their  lenlu.il  appetites,  and  are  parti- 
cularly addicted  to  inebriation. 

Another  leading  trail  of  the  charafler  of  thefe  Indi- 
ans is  duplicity, in  the  artof  which, notwithftanding  the 
unculiivated  Hate  of  their  minds,  they  excel  the  moft 
fubtle  of  the  whites.  But  the  true  caufe  of  this  com- 
plete diirimnl.ition  feems  tohave  an  fen  from  the  trea- 
cherous and  barbarous  ufage  they  fird  received  (rom 
the  whites,  ihe  remembrance  of  which  leads  them  to 
caution  .igainll  future  liiares  and  treacherous  defigns. 
riieirdilpo(ition,however,wheiherho(lile  or  amicable, 
is  01'  little  avail  at  prefent,  as  they  are  not  fulBcienily 
powerful  cither  to  contend  againll  the  whites  in  arms, 
oriodoihein  any  material  injury.  It  mud, however, 
be  granted,  that  though  implacable  enemies,  they  arc 
zealous,  deady  friends,  and  that  thofe  whites  who  be- 
have tothem  withuprightnefsand  affability  are  greatly 
rc(pctl.;d  by  ihem.and  gain  an  afcendancy  over  them. 

The  Indians  are  much  lefs  averfe  to  Europeans  than 
to  the  whites  born  in  America.  The  white  Americans 
alio  have  the  mod  rancorous  antipathy  to  the  whole 
race  of  Indians,  who,  in  general,  do  not  appear  to  en- 
tertain any  didikc  to  luch  of  the  Briiifh  or  French 
that  are  natives  of  Europe  ;  nor  have  the  real  Britifii 
or  French  any  particular  averfion  to  them  as  the  na- 
tive .\mericans  ha\  e. 

Tolygamy  is  praclifed  in  fonie  nations  ;  but  it  is  not 
general.  Though  incontinent  before  wedlock,  the 
ehadity  of  their  women  alter  marriage  is  remarkable. 
The  UK  thers  are  very  fond  of  iheir  children,  and  often 
thereby  induced  to  (hew  them  too  much  indulgence. 

The  men  arc  remarkable  for  their  indolence,  on 
which  they  leem  even  to  value  themlelves,  hiying, 
tint  labour  would  degrade  theui,  and  belongs  lolely 
to  the  women. 

The  Iiidi.iiis,  in  general,  polTefs  great  pp.ticnceand 
eqiK.minity,  with  the  command  of  mod  palfions  except 
that  of  revenge.  They  are  graveon  feriou.>  occaiions, 
obl'ervaiit  of  what  pades  m  converfation,  and  cool 
and  deliberate  in  ofleriit"  opinion. 

0  L  Th. 


M 


im 


11 1',  I'll 


.4   [' 


;(<.i 


lililfu! 


r.^i 


A  NT.W  A  ;;.  Al' 11  ll.X  1  IC  SVvrrM  >.}  i:\I\F.R-^AI.  (irOGRAPIlV. 


Tli;  I'.nlin'^  p.i|V|,.ti  of  llu'l','  Iiuli,\n- is '.'.lu'iu  in  its 
rulli-ll  iMiiU  ;  tiilliisilicv  r.uTilliiH'M  r\'  niiiliilnMl  loii. 
'IT.oi;^!!  loin.,-  tiiliis  ;'ri.'  found  ainoni;!!  ilu-ni  wiili  .1 
iicMd,  whom  tiny  call  kiit;,l'i>  |)0\\iri  r.iiluT  pi-rliia- 
r.vi'  lliai>  cooi'fiv  !■ ;  anil  Iv  !■•  n-vcriil  as  a  lalluT,  inon- 
t'li.ia  Uai(  d  a>a  nioii.ui-h.  11.'  lias  no  guards,  no  pii- 
{iins,  no  oHiiri-s  of  ]iillii  0.  The  miat  coiiiuil  is  i-oni- 
jioli-d  ol'  lu-ad'.  ol  iriln's  and  laniilics,  wiih  incli  •.•■luifV 
<  aiKUilv  liaMaiii'dtlu'iii  totlu'  laiiu'  di'^rcc  ol  (.-onfidc- 
raiion.  In  \\:ci'c  i<>iiiuil>,  which  ai\'  i)ul)lir,  ihi\-  pvo- 
pofc  all  ni.UU'i's  thai  (nmc  rn  thr  ilatc.  rpoii  u  ■  \c 
fnfilioiK  ihcv  c'litnill  tluir  lintinu'iit-;  with  a  perloii 
vlio  is  lal'cd  their  fpcaki-r  or  orator, tluTi'  btiiv^oiu'ot' 
ihispiol'idion  in  i'vir\  tribe  or  town;  andiluir  nianiicr 
ori'iH- ikin;;,  in  ^ciK-ral,  is  iiatnr,d,cary,aiuliK-rl'iia!ivc. 
The  intirnal  peace,  and  order  cf  thr  itaie,  come  under 
the  ( ogni/.aiK'e  ol'  tlie  lame  council.  'I'heir  Iniis  are 
lew,  and  loon  decided,  (runinal  matter-,  il  llagiant, 
arc  broiii;in  before  the  fame  jtinldution  ;  l)iit  in  ordi- 
narv  cafes,  the  crime  is  either  reveni;ed  or  < ompio- 
iiiiled  In  il-  laviics  (■■•ncerned.  C.overnc  ,1,  :■-  thc\ 
are,  !'V  ma.  .Ki  s,  IK'  i'\  l.'w  s,  c  \ 'npi.  .iiu!  .-  •'.  w,- 
iiifpire  them  with  a  facred  reL;ard  tor  theii  i  .'!;;.. 
tion,  and  the  culhims  of  their  a.ncellors. 

'I'liev  entertain  the  moll  exaltedientmientsof  ft.  d- 
fllip,  ilie  I).ind  of  which  coiinects  the  whole  fociei\  ; 
and  the  lolsoi  anv  of  their  people,  whetiier  by  war  01 
a  nainral  death,  is  lamented  In'  the  whole  town  to 
wl-.icii  h.e  beloiiL;-.  No  Imfuie!-,  however  important, 
is  taken  in  Land,  no  rejou  in'^  's  iieard,  till  all  the  cere- 
ir.onii's  due  to  the  decealed  are  performed,  and  thele 
arc  alw.ivs  tNeciiled  with  the '^realelt  l(^leninitv.  1  he 
<lea<l  hodv  is  walhcd,  anointed,  and  painiid,  and  thin 
interred  in  the  molt  pomp.oii  •  oniaments  of  the  deceal- 
id  After  lome  time,  I'i'.e  relations  revilit  the  i;ra\e, 
iloilu'  the  re  mains  ot  ti.e  hodv  in  new  ornaments,  and 
repe.:t  the  folemnitics  of  tin'  lirlf  '>aterment. 

Iiii;  the  moll  llrikmn  inllance  of  their  Iricndlliip, 
nni;,  at  th.e  lame  time,  th'  p,reatcll  inftaiue  of  their 
teu;ard, to  their  decealed  brethren, is  what  they  call  th.e 
'eail  "f  the  dead,  or  the  leal!  of  loul.i,  which  is  cile- 
bratcd  evl.r^■  eight  or  ten  vears.  Tlie  da\'  for  thi-  crre- 
moriv  is  appointed  in  the  eouneiU  of  tlieir  chief,-,  wh.o 
,i;ive  ordi  rs  for  every  tiling  neci  l'ar\  for  celeuratiiif;  il 
'■■itii  pomp  and  iila'^iiiiiceiKC.  The  riches  of  the  na- 
tmnarei  xhaulh  d  on  llli^  occanon,aiK!  .11  theingenui- 
1;  of  i!;e  Indians  dilphived.  The  neiihhoiirint;  jjcopie 
;iie  iii\  il. '1  !()  partake  oi  the  ftad,  and  be  wiinedes  of 
lia  lolti'initv  .  .Ml  thole  who  had  died  (ince  the  lall 
Il  all  tif  loiils  .\vc  now  taken  0111  ol  their  ;,;r,ive*,  Thnjc 
wild  I;.i\  e  ill  en  I  lit  I  iredal  th.-^reatclt  diltaiu  e  from  the 
\  illaL;e;  ai  e  ililij^elillv  loii',;'nt  b'l ,  and  I'.eli  all  the  ho- 
<iits  they  canpoHihIy  cuUeh,  are  l)ro,..;ht  to  the  great 
rende/.\()iis  of  morialii\ ,  ih.\- are  drefkd  111  tlie  liiiell 
fkiiis  they  ran  procure.  A  fcall  is  liild  cm  ihis  foh'inn 
♦  "■c.ilion,  when  then  great  actions  are  ceUhrated,  and 
.ill  thi  under  intereoiu  Ic  that  io(iki)lace  between  the  11 
are  ri  i  oiinted.  A  lar.^e  pi;  is  duj,!  in  the  ground,  and 
ihe  bodies  re-interred  with  pomp,  with  niouriiing,  and 
'..iih  l.'.me'itatioii.  Though  amongthele  fa\age  nations 
this  ciilh nil  is  iniprededw  itli  (1  ion g  marks  of  the  fcio- 
.  in  nf  tlu  ir  nature,  it  argues  a  rel])ctt  for  the  iiiemor\' 
ol  i!'e  (h  .id,  and  a  teiifler  feeling  of  their  abieiice. 

Th'  I  hiel  oc  I  iipatioiis  ol  thele  I  ndiaiis  are  hiiiuing 
•ind  w.ii.  N'onian  is  conhdcred  as  iirave  ,;nd  uleliil 
.1111011.;  hi  -  11  he,  till  he  lias  ilK  r.ab  i!  ll-.i.'  ftieligih  of  his 
loiiiitry  w  hli  ,1  I  ,ipii\  e,  iir  adorn. il  his  hiitwitlithe 
fcalp  ol  an  (  I'.eiie, .  When  lluirihiifs  relolve  upon  ,1 
war,  the  pniicip,'.!  olhiei  lummons  the  yoiiih  of  the 
tow  11  to  whii  h  he  iicloni;. ;  ihe  war-kettle  i*  let  on  ilie 
lire;  the  w-.r  long^  ,iiid  diiues  comm.'ncc;  ,ind  the 
moll  hi di  oils  hov,  l.iig  .,  w;iliiiiil  interinilli.in,  an  li'-.ii  d 
(r.ei  the  v.  hole  1 1,11  k  ol  iininirv.  .Ml  thi-  u.irii.irs 
\..:vl  their  laces  hiackriicd  with  (.h.in.o.d,  intermixed 
widi  d.ilhes  aiitnire.iks  ol  virniilion,  which  give  them 
.'1  I'mII  horrid  ,iji|)earaiii  r. 

'11  ey  iievi  1  figlil  mlh'-  (.pen  field,  hut  on  vrr'.'  e.\- 
;i  .■^:  diii.ii ',  oecalioiM.    Sc  rei  \' i-,  ihi  lo.il  ol  all  ihcir 


atlion-,  .iiid  on  this  ihe  Iik'icCs  of  ihe  expedition  <mi-- 

tirelv  depends.      Dining  their  marches  they  light  no 

lire  lowarin  themlelves,  or  drefs  their  lood.       Tliev  lie 

dole  to  the  ground  in  the  d,i\  -lime,  amlman  h  onU  ill 

the  niglil-tiiiie.and  even  then  w  illi  the  gre.itell  |)rei  ,111- 

tmn.   When  lliev  difcover  ,111  aimy  of  tlieenenn  ,thev 

throw  themlelves  ll.it  on  I  heir  laces  among  the  withereil 

le.iM  s.ilie  colon  ro!  which  their  bodies  are  painted  ex- 

aelK  to  refemhie.      They  geiierallv  let  a  |)art  pals  un- 

I  molelted,  and  tlieii  1 1  ling  .1  little,  and  felting  11  ji  a  tre- 

incndous  Ihout,  which    llie\   c.iU   the   w.ir-lioop,  lluv 

I  pour  a  lliowcr  olimilket  halls  upon  the  enei  '.\ .      I'he 

I  party  attacked  returns  the   f.itve  cry,  and  ev.  rv  man 

■  llielieri  hiinlelf  behind  a  tree,  .ind  returns  ilie  lire  of 
I  the  adviile  parts  the  iiiomenl  ibev  raifc  thenifelvcs 
j  from  :lie  gioiind  to  gi\  e  the  lecond  fire,   .\fter  light in({ 

(or  fome  time  in  tins  manner,  they  Icive  their  covert, 
and  mlh  upon  t  ai  h  other  w  iih  liiiall  axes,  which  ihey 
I  tile  w  illi  g;  e.il  de\tirit\ .  The  conteU  is  loon  dei  ided, 
I  .ltd  .!u"  coiupierors  fa.liate  their  lavage  fiii",  with  >)"• 
.iio!(  i'lrrid  infulls  .ind  barb.irilics.oii  ilii  de.id  bodies 
>  ;  n  iieiny,  w  Ihkli  the\- Ic,  p  and  treat  inainanner 
'!')•.  kii  ;  to  huiiianii\ . 

.'ait  the  fate  of  pnloneis  is  ilill  more  deplorable, 

■  wi.  n  '''eyarc  lo  unhappy  as  to  lie  feiitcnced  todealh, 
I  v  h    h    1  'lends  on  tiie  i.iprice  o(  the  victors.    In  this 

c  ill    liey    ill  llrip  the  wreti  bed  victim, and  fixing  two 
polls   int.)   the  ground,  fallen   to   them  two  pieces  of 
h  wood, from  one  to  llie  other ;  one  about  two  feet  from 
!   the  ground,  the  other  about  live  or  (ix  feet   higher; 
'   then  obliging  him  to  mount   upon   the  lower  rrols 
j    piece,  they  lie  his  legs  to  it  a  little  afundcr  ;  and  his 
J:  hands  are  extended,  and  tied  to  the  angles  formed  by 
'   the  other  piece.   In  this  pollure  they  hum  him  all 
o\  cr  the  body,  fometimcs  daubing  him  full  with  ])itch. 
:'  The  whole  village,  men,  women,  and  children,  alfem- 
,  ble  riniiid  him, every  one  torturing  him  in  what  man- 
ner they  plcale,  c.ich  ilriving  to  exceed  the  oihei  in 
:  crueli\',as  loi.g  as  lie  has  life.    This  is  the  moll  ufual 
method  of  murdering  their  prilotiers;  but  lometimes 
thc\   lallm  ihcii!  to  a  fingle  flake,  and  build  a  fire 
round   them.      .At  other  times   they  cruellv  niangli" 
their  limbs,  <  lU  olF  iheir  Hngers  and  toes,  joint  by 
1  join!,  and  fomctmies  Ica'.d  them  to  death. 
I      Their  iTiilitar\'  appearance  is  very  odd  and  terrible. 
j  Tiiey  cm  oil  ,ill  liieirhair,  except  a  (pol  on  the  crown  of 
'  their  bead,  and  pluck  olf'thiir  eve-hrows.   The  lock 
left  upon   the   beail   i«   di'  ided   into   I'everal   ]),;rcel.<, 
each  of  whiili  is  llifiened  and  intermixed  witli  bead's 
•ind  fe.ithcis  ul  \arious  (liapes  and  colours,  the  whole 
twilled  and   coiiiiecied  tugelhcr.      The)  paint   them- 
lelves Willi   iJiLiiiu'iit   down   lo  the   eye-lnows,  wliicll 
iIkv  fprinkle  over  with  wliiie  dnwii.    The  gnllles  of 
tlie.r  ears  ire  Hit  alnioll  round,  and  hung  with  orna- 
ineiits.    Their  nofes  ;ire  iiorid,  .ind  hung  with  beads; 

■  and  iheir  faces  painted  w  iih  various  colours.  On  their 
lire. ill.  are  medals  of  various  meiaLs;  and,  by  a  Itriiig 
round  their   necks,  is  lulpended  lh.it   horrid  weapon 

I  called  the  fcalping-kiidc. 

'I'he  wc.ipons  liled  li\'  thole  who  trade  with  the  f'.iiro- 
peans  are  commonlv  a  hrelock,  hatcher,  and  I'c.iiping- 
kiiife;  hut  the  other ;  ule  bow  s,  toniahaw  ks,  and  ))ikes. 
The  head  of  the  tomah.'wk  is  a  roiiiul  knob  id  folid 
Wood,  c.ilcul.iied  to  knock  a  111.111  down.  Il  bason  ihe 
otiier  lide  a  ]ioin!,  bending  a  little  towards  the  iianilh' ; 
and  iic.ir  ihe  eenier,  w  liei  e  the  handle  pierces  ilie  liead, 
aiio;her  point  projects  forward,  of  a  coiiliderabif 
length,  whicli  ler\es  to  thriilt  with  like  a  Ipear.  The 
toiiiah.iwk  is  oriiaincnted  with  jiaiiitings  and  leather>, 
difpofed  and  variegated  in  many  hgmficani  loniis, 
aci  ordiiig  10  the  occalioil  and  end  for  which  ii  is  iifed. 
When  the.  Inlieil  .111  oHenhve  or  defenfi'. c  ali;.Mi<  e 
with  a  wliiile  n.iliiui,  the\  fend  .111  einhaUv  wiiIi  a 
\>  hole  belt  of  wampuin,  and  a  bloods-  h.lt^  he!,  invuing 
them  to  come  and  diiiik  the  blood  of  then  eneinie,. 
The  waiii|!iiin-bclt  coiilills  of  a  kind  of  (vlindiieai 
heads,  made  of  white  and  bhick  (hells,  whuh  are  tl- 
le.med  iiiiuiig  them  as  lilvei  and  guld  aii;  aiiioii'i,  u- . 

'I'iiey 


AMnRI^.^.^ 

Tliev  d'.'    the  wampum  f 

and,  as  thee  are  m  nie,  I 

ihevlileaffi     I'v  thch-  th 

thoughts  (  omiTiiiiiicaied 

writing.       Thus  th,   beh 

liolher,  in   alt    iin;iorla 

piclerved   111   il"-   cabin 

both  .IS  .1  lecoid  or  lull 

Th'  r.iiumei,  or  pipe 

Mnce,  nor  !•>  it  IcU  reve 

of  thi    pipe  is  made  of  , 

wro  1   '•'<    and  hollowed 

a  kr       .1  light  wood,  p  i 

adoi;.  .'  will"  the  lu.id, 

Ir.MUtilal  hi.d;.     The  i 

eithi  (  tobacco  or  Ion. 

in'.o  .  n  alli.i'.     ,or  any 

inr,  e      enicd  tie  moll  h 

Th.  li/.e  and  decor. itio 

icinly  iiroportioiiidlo 

til  the  ipi.iliiv  .il  tlu  p.-i 

td,  and  to  the  elle.  11  .1 

Religion  is  litile  km 

the   .\mi'ric,m   Indians, 

iiiiong   them  wliii  li  lee 

fun  and  moon  ;   and  as 

the  exi'lence  of  invilih 

their  affairs,   thev   ollei 

fpirits,  pariii  iilarly  oik 

the  god  of  w.ir,  whom  ll 

niareli  agai'ill  .in  eiieiii 

gioii,  they  abound  in  In 

ol  omens  and    Ire.uns, 

Rre.itell  eagernels.      1 1 

diviners,  auguts,and  m 

tions  they  greatly  i.'.y, 

tainting,  or  war. 

I'hele  Indians  form 

where  tliev  were  very  n 

<d  into  the  internal  p;i 

of  them  are  found  will 

dred  miles  of  the  fe.i. 

eels  of  land  .dlotted  ll 

where  thev  ha\  e  been 

has   iieen  loiiiid,  that, 

their  aiuirnt  cultoiiis, 

life,  thev  dwindle  aw. 

prejiidici.il  lo  their  coi 

ilien    gre.iter    oprio 

liipiors,  ol    which   lio! 

Thus  wiiere,  a  few  ve, 

fetilemeiits  of  th.ein,  th 

who  llill  remain,  li,i\  e, 

(elves   to  oilnr  naiio 

country,  on  the  h.iiik- 

W'e  ii.ive  be<  n  la\  1 

pondeiii,  long  relidei 

anecdoie>,whicli  ililp 

the  Indians,  and  the  1 

the  cillloiiis  of  ihe  w  1 

When  am  of  the  I 

longing  lo  the  whites, 

10  crowd  .iio'iiid, 

'*-herc  they  delire  1. 1 

this  eiillom  \  ei  v  1  mi. 

Iity.        They  h.ive  rei 

tiiough    thev  h.ivi-    a 

when  ihey  come  iiiti.  1 

behind  bullies,  uheri 

iriide  themlelves  into 

The.  obl.rve  p  irn 


thers  vir  igi's. 
notiK  il  g,i-|'|.i-;i 
very  uncivil. 
W'lihiii  he  ir'.i .-, 
till  invited  lo  .  1 
and  condiui  ;' 
Vai.>.iit  luhit 


T.i  I 

eh, I 


AMHRirA.] 


N'  O  ft  T  II      A  M   f    \i   I  C  A. 


803 


:(llll()n   Cll- 
U'V  lli;lil   H(» 
I  111  y  In- 
l,ll(  lll>t)lv  III 

mil  ])ici  ,111- 
i-|Riiiy,tlicv 
ilic  wiiluTi'd 
]);iiiii((lo.\- 
.iit  ]nU  mi- 
11^  iiji  a  irc- 

-ll'"ip,  iluv 

111  '.\.     The 

I'v.  i\  niaii 

s  I  he  fill-  oF 

■  ilu'mrcl'is 

lii'i  rii;luin(^ 

lu  ir  ( Dvt-rt, 

,  uliii  h  ihcv 

)<>n  (let  idi'j, 

II y,  will)  t|'.- 

iliMil  hodk's 

ma  in.iniHT 

(Iciilciiablf, 
I'd  todiMtli, 
ors.  In  iliii 
d  lixiii^  two 
ii>  |)U(is  (it 
Ml  Icit  IVoiu 
icl  lli);licr; 
li>\nr  rrols 
1 1  ;  and  his 
■■  loriiK'd  !)y 
mi  liim  all 

I  \\  iih  ])it(h. 
dicn,  allfin- 

II  w  hat  inan- 
ihc  othi'i  in 
f  111!  ill  11  Ilia  I 
It  loiiicflilics 
l)iiild  a  (irc 
icily  nianj;lo 
>c.s,  joint  by 

and  terrible. 
lIucrovMi  of 
s.  The  lork 
■ral  p.iric'ls, 

I  with  beads 
■«,  the  whole 
l)aiiit  iIkiii- 
rows,  M  nil  1) 
c  t;rillK-s  of 
;  \\  llh  orna- 
with  beads ; 
's.  On  their 
,  by  a  Itrinn 

i'.d  weapon 

ill  the  I'.iiro- 
id  IriliMii;^- 
:,  and  ))ike;. 
lol)  id  loiid 
t  has  on  'he 
the  handle ; 
es  ihe  'lead, 
iinlideialiif 
!li..-ar.  'iUr 
ml  leather,', 
eaiil  lori)i>, 
:li  i:  IS  uled. 
i'.  e  all  :.'IH  e 
'a(lv  w  iili  a 
ut,  inviting 

II  eil'llliei, 

f  vlinili  ii  al 

lu  li  aie  ef- 

aii)oii'>  n- . 


wro  I'  'it.  and  liollowi  d  nut. 
a  kr  '  't  li^bt  wood,  ji  liiiii  i 
adoi;. 


They  d}-  tin- wampum  of  v.irioiis  rnloiii<  and  (hades, 
and,  a"  lln'v  ■•K"  hi  ide,  lijniheaii'  of  alnioll  aii\  li'iii;; 
ihevpleale.  Bv  thel',-  llieir  rt'ei)rd:<  are  kepi,. Tiid  tin  ir 
ihimnhis  ( (inuTiiiiiirjicd  to  iiiie  another  as  our.s  are  bv 
vriliii.;.  I  iiM>  t!v.  bcl'«  that  pals  Irmn  oiie  naiinn  lo 
nollur.  111  alt  mriorlalil  tr.inl  iclioiis,  .dc  cardiilly 
|iii;lerveil  in  ih''  eabiiis  ol'  ibeir  ehiel's,  and  Icrvc 
lioth  as  a  rcrnid  or  lullor'/,  or  as  a  pidilie  tro  iliiie. 

Tl."  raltiuiel,  or  pipe  oi  peai  e,  is  ol  tio  lc^^  im|  ur- 
l.incf,  nor  is  it  Ids  revered  a'lioie;  tlu-in.  The  bow! 
ol  ihi    pipe  is  nnde  of  .i  kind  of  loli  red  (lone,  c.dily 

The  lleui  |.  ofe.!!:'',  or 
(  (l.tb  r>  n:  ^  oloiii  s,  and 
lol.  •'  will' the  head,  lads,  a'ld  K  ailiers,  ol  the  nioll 
1  miiIiMI  b.,(ls.  'I'he  ii(e  ol  ilie  i-.iluniel  is  to  linoke 
eiilM  I  tohareo  or  Ion  oih^  r  herli,  when  ihfv  enter 
iti'o  .  n  alli.i'.  ■■,  or  ati\' loleiiMi  en>;  lenient ;  ihis  be- 
iiir  !  etlK-d  II  e  moll  lole'.nii  o.itli  that  ean  he  t  ikeii. 
'l"lu  (i/e  and  deeora'.miiv  ol  il.eii  lalunn  is  ,ire  roai- 
iiioiily  iiroportioiied  to  lu  m  rtaiu  e  ol  the  oecilion, 
to  ihe  (jil.ililv  ol  the  |K'i  lotls  lo  uhoni  ihey  ,iie  preU'iit- 
ed,  and  to  the  elle'   n  and  rej^ird  iliev  hive  for  ilieni. 

Reli<;ioii  is  litile  known,  and  aN  little  piiftiled,  h\' 
the  .\in!Tic.in  Iiidi.uis.  There  ,irc,  indeed,  iiaiions 
iiiioiii;  them  wliiili  leein  to  pu  loire  bonia'»e  lo  ll'.e 
Inn  and  moon;  and  as  moll  ol  tiiem  ha\e  a  notion  ol 
the  exi'lence  of  ituilihle  l)eiii:;s,  who  intermeddle  in 
iheir  alf.iirs,  ilu  v  odeii  mention  den, oils  and  other 
fpirils,  partieiilarly  one  whom  ihe\-  e,dl  ,'/)'/l,'!(;,  or 
the  nod  ol  war,  whom  lliev  alw.ivs  iinokc  helore  they 
niareli  .ii;a;!i(l  ,ui  enemv.  rhoii'.^h  delliiutc  of  reli- 
gion, thev  ah()imd  in  hiperdition^,  are  :^reat  i  hler\  ers 
ol  omens  .itid  Iroains,  and  pvv  into  lui  iniv  wiih  the 
greatell  eaoeriRls.  Hctiee  li  cir  t  onnt!  v  ahoiina.  in 
diviners,  aiit;iii  s,  and  inagiei.in  ; ;  ,ind  on  their  prcdu 
■ions  they  t;reatlv  u  !y,  in  all  ,dlaii  ^  rel.itivc  to  beakh, 
tuiiitui!;,  or  war. 

Thele  Indians  fornievh'  inhaiiiicd  the  fc.i  ro.ill-, 
where  thev  were  veiv  numerous,  hut  h.i\i'  (ime  re!:r- 
<-d  into  ilie  iiilcrual  parts  of  the  coiiiurv;  lo  that  few 
oi  ihem  are  found  within  lels  than  two  or  ;!ue.  luiii- 
dred  miles  of  the  lea.  .Some  nl  ihem  h.ae  h.ul  piv- 
<  els  of  land  .dlotied  them  in  K  ver.d  of  the  enlonie-^, 
where  thev  h.ive  been  loiiiod  into  loi  ieiies;  \ei  it 
has  been  loiind,  th.it,  in  projioition  as  thev  l.iv  h\ 
their  aiuient  i  ullouis,  and  eoiiloi  ni  to  our  in  inner  o( 
li(e,  thev  dwindle  aw.iv ,  either  luv-.iule  ihe  cliaii;;e  is 
prejudici.il  to  their  conlliiuiion.,  or  beeaule  tlu  )  l'.,ive 
dun  nre.aer  oj'normniti;  s  ot  proeurin'.;  Ipiriliious 
liquors,  of  \\hieli  boih  le\es  are  inordmalv'K'  fond. 
Thus  where,  a  few  years  at;o,  there  were  eonliderable 
fctileiTienrs  o(  tl;ern,  their  n.imi  is  foiiiotleii ;  and  ihole 
who  Hill  rcm.iin,  h.i\  e,  lor  the  molt  ]).iri,  joined  theiii- 
(<  Ives  !o  oiiii  r  naiions  in  the  muiior  p.irts  ol  the 
toiimrv,  on  the  li.iiiks  ol  I. ike.  and   n\eis. 

We  h  ive  been  fu\oured  bv  an  inteliieent  eoirel- 
pondeni,  loni;  reliileiit  in  N'oiib  Aineriia,  with  lome 
aneedoies,  whirh  dilpLiv  the  bofpit.il'le  difp.dilioii  of 
the  Indians,  and  the  opinion  they  entertain  of  lome  of 
the  eullonis  o\  the  whiles  wiih  wiumi  thev  tr.dhe. 

\Vhen  .iiu  ol  the  Indi.iiis  (onu'  into  tlu*  towns  be- 
long ins;  to  I  lie  whites,  the  laiter  :\w  '^-neridU  oblerveo 
i'>  erowd  .Mcriiul,  i',.i/.e  .,:,  .ind  iiuommcxle  ihem, 
where  they  delire  to  he  private.  'I  he  liulians  deem 
this  eiillom  verv  iiide,  ,ind  the  hi^hell  bre.ieli  ofeivi- 
lif\'.  'I'he\'  have  reiiiiiked,  iipnii  ih.e  oee.ilion,  that, 
lhoui;h  thev  h.ive  .^^  iiiiu  h  nirioliiv  ,is  the  whites, 
when  thev  eonie  into  iheir  lowiis,  t!u\-  hide  themlelves 
behind  bullies,  where  ili,\  .ue  to  ji.il-,  .mil  iie>er  in- 
trude ihemlelves  into  iheir  eom]ia:r. . 

'l'he>  oblerve  p  iriu  ni.n  |onu>  in  inleriii(»  one  ano- 


the 


'I'o  eir.ei    A   vili.r^e  ah'iiptU  ,  Wllhoill 


notily  II  !;a;MM;i  nil,  is  leekoiud.in  ir  'Aelilii'.^  Ilr.ilii;ers, 
verv  uueivil.       i    •;   .h'^  e.  uie,  ..^  loon  .is  thev  arri\e 
!'o:)  ..i  d  I',  iloo,  rem  liiuii',;  iheii: 
I  .. o  old  'neii  ulu..l' V  eiene  on;. 


viihiii  lieir'e.',  tli 
till  invited  lo  ei;; 
and  I'ondiKi  ihi  \< 
Vdi.„nt  babit;'.'.   '1 


I  i 


('.' 


A  erv   viil,i!;e,  .i 
-  !u,nle.      Here 


liny  are  pl.ued,  while  tli.'  old  men  ^o  round  frori  hut 
to  hut,  1)  .Kijii.iini  the  inhiliitaiiis  of  the  a.nivulof 
llraii:^,  1-,  v.Iii)  iiuy  l)i.'  luin^ry  and  weary,  .Miu!  every 
OIK'  liiuis  them  what  he  i  an  Iji.ire,  of  food  to  tat,  and 
Ikiiis  to  repole  on.  When  the  llr.in'.;ers  .up  rcii  tilled, 
jiipes  atidtdbat  toare  brou;^lit,  anil  then,  and  not  he  • 
iorr,  bei;ins  coiiverlation,  which  uliialb'  enrls  witii 
offers  of  (i-rvicc,  if  the  llrang -rs  have  oet  ilion  Ibr 
i;uidis,  or  any  thins;  neielluy  (or  the  inolei  uticn  ol 
their  |ourney.  Nothini;  i>  esatted  for  the  eiiternir:- 
nuti!. 

The  follow  inn  is  a  llrikiiu.;  proof  of  thcholpitaliiN'  ol 
a  pnv.iie  perlon.  An  Indi.iii  Iiiferpieter,  in  goin;^ 
il'riv.i!;h  the  roiiiur\ ,  lo  earry  a  nicHa!»f  from  a  i;o\  er 
nor  ol  one  of  the  Itatc  i,  e  UK  vl  at  the:  h.ibitation  o(  an 
old  Iiidim  Irieiid,  w  iio  embraced  liua,  (nie.d  furs  for 
him  to  (it  on,  placed  belore  him  lome  boiied  licaii.  and 
venil'in,  ,iiid  niiM  (1  lonii'  nitii  .'.nd  wat-.-r  lor  bis  drink. 
When  he  u.ts  Will  relrelhed,  a, id  had  taken  his  pi|K', 
his  hod  entered  into  converliinui  with  him  concernm;f 
jiartii  ulars.  The  interpreter  l.itislied  him;  and  when 
the  dil'eouite  lH",an  to  tIaiJ,  his  Indian  friend  tbiisad- 
dr(  lied  him  :  "  You  have,  my  old  acijn  lintarice, 
lived  loiu'  luiioni;  the  white  people,  inil  know  foinc- 
ihiiii;  (>(  iluii  c:;lloiiis.  I  liave  been  foMetiinc;  at  .Al- 
bany, afid  have'  ohferved,  that,  riiucin  It  ven  d.iys,  ih  'v 
(hut  up  their  (hop.?,  anfl  .(leinhic  all  iiiti.i  -reat  houft. 
■|V1I  ine,  what  is  It  for?  ^V■h.lt  (h  i  .ere?"  "They 

meet  there  (replied  tiic  interpi  :  ,  ••  '  ir  and  learn 
<^ooil  t!iiiii;s."  "  I  do  not  doul  1  ' ,  vi  i  ■•  Indian)  that 
thev  tell  you  (o;   tl'.ey  have  •      1  nu  lunt:;   but  1 

doiir,t  the  truth  of  wh.it  tlu  .  !,•  i.d  .  u  tell  you  my 
reafoiis.  I  went  lately  to  ••  My  •  ell  my  (kins,  and 
buy  idankets,  knives,  po.vf.ei  •  ii.  (fee.  'When  }. 
c.illcd  upon  themeich..'.  win;  ho;  ;  .'  illu  illy  deal, 
and  aOscd  him  what  lie  v  Id  ^.vc  for  beaver,  he  re- 
jdied,  he  could  no;  iii-  ,...r  iiati  foiir  (hillings  a 
pound;  but  (K  (ired  to  wv\  i  .di  biiliticl'  then,  li  it  wa'j 
the  d.iv  ihe'r  |)eople  met  to;.',ethcr  to  h' irn  good  things, 
addint;,  that  he  was  cjoinj;  to  the  meeting;.  Findini;  I 
(.  ouldiiottr.mfacl  rii)  bull iicis  with  hini that  day,  I  went 
with  him.  There  Hood  tii)  a  man  in  black,  and  bc^an 
to  talk  to  the  people  ver'.  aiu;rily.  I  did  not  under- 
IKiiidwh.it  he  laid;  but  oblervmg  that  he  loo'ed  much 
al  me,  .iiid  at  mv  men  h.nit,  iina'.;;iied  he  w.i^  aiii^ry  al 
feeiiu;  me  there,  therefore  I  withdrew,  and  waited  near 
the  houle  till  the  iiieetim;  lliould  break  up.  I  thenac-: 
colled  the  merchani.iniiiii.iting,  th.it  I  hoped  he  would 
(;i\  e  more  than  four  Ihilliiit^s  a  pound  for  beaver.  lie 
replied  he  could  no;  ;;ive  more  th. in  three  Ibillinns  and 
(i\peiice.  I  ilu'ii  .ipplied  lo  lev  eral  oilier  (LMler..,  but 
iheir  •^ener.d  tone  was  three  and  lixpencc,  three  and 
(ixpence.  This  confirmed  inv  lulpuion,  that,  iiol- 
wiihd.ind'iu.;  llu  ir  preience  ol  meetiiii;  to  learn  good 
thills,  the  real  luirpole  was  to  eonluh  how  to  cheat 
Indians  in  tiie  price  ol  be  i\  er.  (onlider  but  a  little, 
mv  old  friend,  and  voii  mull  be  of  inv  opinion.  Ii 
they  met  fo  often  to  learn  good  things,  tlie\  would 
certaiiih-  h,i\e  le.irned  fome  before  this  time.  But 
thev  are  llill  ii^norant.  \'ou  know  our  practice.  If 
a  white  man  is  tra\ellinc;  through  our  counirv,  and 
enters  one  of  our  cabins,  we  all  treat  him  as  I  treat 
yon.  Wedi\  him,  if  he  is  v.ct -,  w '■  w  arm  him,  if  he 
IS  I  old ;  md  give  him  me.it  and  drink,  if  he  is  hiingry 
,inil  thirllv;  and  we  Ipread  furs  for  hmi  ii>  repole  on, 
demanding  iiothin.;  in  return.  If  I  go  into  a  whii;* 
III. ill's  houle  at  Alb, inv,  and  alk  lor  viduals  and  drink, 
the\'  lav,  \\'here  is  \  our  mom  v?  And  if  I  have  none, 
thev  l,i\ ,  Cet  out,  vow  Iiidi.'.n  dog!  You  fee  they 
have  not  yet  learned  thole  little  good  things  that  •..  : 
need  no  meetings  to  be  inltruitcd  in,  becaufe  our 
mothers  taught  them  to  its  when  we  wfre  children; 
aii.l  therefote  it  is  impollihle  their  meetings  ihculJ 
be,  as  they  lav,  loi"  an\-  luch  piirpole,  or  have  any 
Inch  effetl.  Ihrv  arc  only  to  continue  tl.c  ch*;.unig 
of  Indians  in  the  price  of  beaver." 


SECTION 


»  i' 


-    i  ism 
'I 

1 1 


i..(i, 


I'M; 


1  "f 'i5 


^  m^ 


m'& 


m- 


fioi 


A  Niw  ASP  M-rnrvTicsvsrFM  nr  r\ivi,i<SAi,(;KO(.K  \niv. 


if 


1'. 


sr.niON  ^■II. 

CAROI.IN'A,  NORTH  Asr.  SOf  1  H. 


Mlh,  provirnc>ol  NorihaiidSDUili  Carol  I'M.roin- 

■  nh 


T...., - 
prelurndin;;  two  ol  the  United  Slates  of  Noiih 
Anurica,  arc  (itiiated  biiwein  30  .snd  37  dinnes  ot 
norili  latiiiule  ;  and  brtweeii  76  and  yi  (ii-t;rics  ol  wed 
lon[',iHide;  bcini;  aliniit  700  miles  in  Itn^ili,  and  380 
in  breadth.  Tin'  boiiiid.ines  .ue  \n'.;;ni,i  on  liie  noiili, 
tiic  Ailnniic  dean  on  ilie  e.ift,  C.eorfiia  on  ti>e  louih, 
and  the  Apalacbian  niouniains  on  ihe  will. 

In  the  two  provinces  of  North  .md  Souili  Carolina 
are  the  foilowiii^  rivers,  viz.  Roanoke  or  .Albemarle, 
Pamtuiie,  and  New  Clarendon,  in  North  Carolina  ; 
IVdee  and  .Saniee,  in  South  Carolina.  'I'hefe  rivers  are 
all  navi;;able,and  contain  fi(!i  in  abundance,  hut  have 
troubleloine  cataracts  \ihiili  ohllriicl  navii;ation.  'I'hc 
capes  o(  this  coiinir\'  are  Flatteras,  I.onk-oiii,  anti 
tear.  The  harbours  are  Rrianoke  anfl  ranuicoe,  in 
North  Carolina;  Geor;4e-Town,  Charles-'l'own,  and 
For. -Royal,  in  South  Carolina.  Their  relpedive 
^iver^  rile  in  the  Apal.uhiaii  moiiniains,  .;iul  Idll  into 
the  .Atlantic  Ocean. 

The  climate  of  Carolina,  like  that  of  America  in 
jjeiural,  i<  fubjett  to  ludiien  iranlitioii\  Irom  h'at  to 
cold,  and  from  cold  to  heat,  but  not  to  fiirh  violent  ex- 
tremes as  \'ir^inia.  Tiie  winters  here  aienoi  fo  levere 
as  in  that  province.  The  frolls  never  have  liiBicient 
l\rcn;;th  to  reliU  the  nnon-day  fun  ;  ibthatmanv  tender 
plants,  v.'hich  do  not  Itaiid  the  vinter  ot A'irRima,  flou- 
riih  in  Carolina.  'I'his  i'-  the  principal  province  on  the 
continent  of  .North  Aim  rica  lub|etl  to  hurricanes. 

The  loll  here  is  various.  The  coiint:\  rear  the  lea 
is  little  better  than  an  unhealthv  fa-It  niardi,  and,  lot 
eighty  miles  didant  from  it,  is  an  even  plain,  not  a  hill, 
a  rock,  or  fcareely  a  pebble,  beinj^  10  be  met  with. 
Bevond  ihis  it  Rraduallv  iinpro\e>;  and  at  about  one 
hundred  inilis  (iidaiue  from  ('harles  Tow  11,  where  11 
begins  to  ^row  hill),  llie  l:)il  is  \eiy  (eriilc,  adapted 
to  lupplv  the  rRceflaries  of  life,  and  ixlubitiiiii  a  plea- 
linf5  prolpLCt  to  the  view.  The  word  ol  ilic  land, 
however,  m  the  eouiitr)',  produces  that  valuable  arti- 
cle oi   lis  commerce,  indigo. 

There  in  no  kind  of  ve-ietable  but,  with  proper  cul- 
I'.vaiion,  would  (lourilh  here.  The  Icnl,  even  when  Kli 
to  itfeli,  vields  (lowers  and  flowerinir  Ihrubs;  and  all 
the  Kuropeaii  plants  are  in  a  greater  degree  of  per- 
fection here  th.an  ihey  attain  to  111  ihcir  native  foil. 

The  produdions  of  ihefe  provinces  arc  vine>,  Ibmc 
nheai,  Indian  corn,  bailev,  oats,  beans,  pea>,  hemp, 
flax,  cotton,  farlaparilla,  tobacco,  andindit;o.  There 
are  the  olive,  orange,  lemon,  citron,  c\prefs,  oak, 
and  walnut-trees;  belides  the  pine  trees,  whieii  a  (lord 
turpentine,  tar,  and  pitch,  in  abundance.  There  are 
ieveral  trees  that  \ield  i;uiiis.  Of  al'  thefe  the  three 
great  (laple  commoditie'.  arv  iii(iit;o,  rii  >■,  and  the  pro- 
iluce  ol  the  pine.  The  two  latter  are  eonlined  to  South 
Carolina.  Rice  is  cultivated  with  peculiar  itteniion 
there,  iiiid  eoiidilules  the  created  part  of  the  food  of 
the  people  in  lomiiion.  The  ground  is  not  fav()iira()le 
for  thee  II  III  vat  ion  of  wl-.eal,with  uhichthe  inhabitants 
arcliipphcd  lioni  .New  Vork  and  l'eiinl\  Iv.ini.i,  ine\- 
ehansie  toi  rite.  1  he  tree,  here,  as  in  e\  er\  part  of 
America,  j;row  to  an  aina/.inj;  li/e,  their  trunks  beii '4 
often  from  50  to  70  feet  hi^h,  without  a  br.iiii  h  or 
limb,  and  lome  upwardN  of  ^j6  feet  in  c  iiciiinfcn  ne( . 
The  people  oi  Ch.ii  les-'l  ov.  n,  ,is  well  a^  the  Indian-, 
fiollow  thele  into  canoes,  which  lervetotrantpori  j^ood-. 
from  place  to  ].lace  ;  and  lonie  (.1  them,  ciMiiilliii^  i>[ 
one  entire  piece  ol  timber,  are  lari;e  enoiiuli  to  tarry 
thirty  or  forty  bairels  of  pitch.  'I'lure  1,  a  tier  in  tin- 
e(niiitr)  uhith  didils  anoil,vei\  <  Ificaciou- 111  ilie  i  un- 
ol  wounds;  and  anotiier  wl.ii  h  ■,  lelds  a  vet\  i.ilui.i.'V 
bilni.  'I  liele  priniri.es  pimluie  l,ii  tc  (|ii,iuiities  ol 
iMclleni  )ioiie\-,  ol  ■vliieh  lb  made  a  line  ipi;  it,  and 
mead  eipial  to  .\lalii  ;.i  lack. 


The  oiiiiinal  .ininials  of  ihi-  (oiinn-  a-e  the  fame  at 
ihofeol  \  ii^-inl.i.  KiiiO|)eaiiaiiiiii.dsal)oiiiiil  1hi<-:  iI 
[s  not  uneoininon  !or  ■in  indi\idual  it>  pullels  three 
huiidie  I  heail  of  cattle;  fbine  are  faid  lo  have  more 
than  a  lliouland.  'i'he\  are  miiieil  out  in  the  tnoi  iiiii';, 
and  rani;e  the  forills  for  food  ;  bin  tin  ir  <  ul\  i  •>  beiii'^ 
kept  in  fetu  ed  iiadures,  lhe\  return  to  ihem  tii  iln- 
evening;.  I  he  hoi  I'es  ,ind  hoj;s  are  e(|n,dly  nuinerous. 
I'he  l)ea\  er>  .iri' dedroved  lien-,  av  in  oilur  placcv, 
bv  the  encoiu.i'.;i'inenl  the  Iiidi.ins  recen  e  lo  kill  them 
for  the  profit  ai  ilim;  from  '.lie  l.de  of  their  Ikins. 

The  C.iiolinians  <  ultiv  aleii  loire  tobacco  ;  but  tlieii 
chief  tr.ide  la\  in  pro\ifions;  lor  ibev  liipplied  |.i- 
iiiaici,  IJ.iib.idoe  ,  and  the  I.ee\*ard  lllaiid-.,  w  itii  beef, 
pork,  sraiti,  pea>,  biilter,  luet,  law  hide-,  and  lealhei. 
They  likewile  fent  to  the  lame  iflandsiai,  tiirpeniine, 
limber,  inalUand  furs;  but  the  lad  were  ol  an  inferior 


ind. 


Mai/.e,  or  Indian  tmn,  tliri\es  here  e.xceed- 


lii'lv;  but,  in  lome  other  relpefis,  the  pi  mlud  has  not 
bee'i  aniwerable  to  the  e.\pedation  lioiii  llie  loll  and 
cli'nate. 

Thoiii^h  ni.iiu'  pans  of  Carolina,  elpicially  tm  the 
fea-eoad,  abound  wall  vines,  yet  no  pro!;reli  worth 
meniioiiiiV4  has  been  made  in  piodiicin;;  \Miie.  'llie 
inanulaclnres  of  filk,  iiotwiihdandinn  the  nre.it  tpi  n- 
lilies  of  nuilbcrr\ -trees  ihev  ha\e,.ire  not  very  1  o'di- 
deiable.  Though  cochineal  u  found  heir,  the  inhabi- 
tants leein  to  neoled  the  prolils  arlini;  Irom  ih.il  111- 
fec' ;  .Hid,  lor  lome  vears,  their  attention  liaj  been 
chieliy  turned  towards  niakiii;;  indif^o. 

The  Carolinians  import  all  kinds  of  woollen  and 
linen  drapery,  hardware,  droii',;  Iner,  cyder,  raifins, 
potters-earili,  tobacco  pipes,  paper,  coverlets,  mal- 
iralle.s,  hats,  liockin^s,  (ilove-^,  iin-ware,  jiowder  .ind 
fhot,  nun  flints,  cordage,  lookint'-[;lalles  and  i;laln 
ware,  thread,  hai>erdafhery  and  linall  w;  res.  Irom 
Jamaica,  Barhadoes,  and  the  l.cev.ard  lilands  thev 
had  lu(;ar,  rum,  nunaires,  cotton,  chocolate,  ncfjroes, 
and  liKer.  from  New  Knj;land,  New  York,  and 
l'ennl\lvania,  wheat  llour.wheat  heint;  vorv  backward 
in  the  Carolmas;  and  hard  wares  and  wine  lioni  .Ma- 
deira, and  the  other  idands  111  the  wellcrn  oiean. 

Before  the  late  dillurbances  the  met  hod  of  fe'.tlin,",  in 
this  plealant  country  wa.'.to  pitch  upon  a  void  pieceol 
ground,  and  either  topurchale  it  at  the  rate  of  20I.  lor 
1000  acres,  and  is.  quit-rent  (or  everv  100  acres,  or 
elle  pay  a  penny  an  acre  (  uit-rent  \  eaiU'  lo  the  pro- 
])rietors,  "A  iilunit  purehale  nioiu'v  :  'he  lornier  nethod 
w.is  iiie  molt  cominon,  and  the  teniiri-  a  Ire  hold. 
The  land  lieinn  laid  out,  ilie  purchaler  buill  upon  it, 
railed  dock,  planted  ouhards,  and  made  Inch  com- 
modities as  wiun  (old  procured  him  (laves,  hcnilhold 
(•oods,  and  oilur  conveniences:  after  this  he  vearlv 
increaled  his  t  ap.tal,  and,  by  mdudrv,  became  1  ich. 

ISoth  North  ^iiul  South  Carolina  are  dividi  1  intodil- 
tiids,  Tl'.e  former  eonlaiiis  thole  of  W'llmiiifjlon, 
.Newhern,  I'.denton,  Halifax,  1  lil(b(jrou',;h  and  Sa- 
Idbury.  Tlie'e  dillrids  have  their  refpediv  e  counties, 
bill  iliey  eoiitaiii  nothiii;;  worthy  of  deleription. 

In  the  latter  ate  included  the  diftricli  of  Charles- 
Town,  Heaulori,  Oiani;ebur™h,  (ieoii;e-'Tow  n,  C.im- 
den  and  (heraws.  I  |,c'  chief  lowii.^  aie,  C  h.iiles- 
'Town  and  Port  Ro\  ,:\. 

C!harles-'Tow  n  is  fituaii  dm  71)  dei;.  well  lon-itude, 
and  in  32  de^.  north  latitude;  011a  peiiinlula  lornied 
by  .Mhley  and  Cowper  river.s;  the  lormerof  wbuh  i> 
navigable  fur  (hip>  jo miles  above  the  tin\  n,  and  in  11 
is  a  moll  I  ecu  re  and  commodious  hai  bom  ;  but  theie  is 
a  bar  which  pre\ent$  vedelsof  more  tli.ili  200  tons 
Irom  entcriii'.;  it.  'The  town  is  well  buili,  .iiid  preiiv 
(Iroii'jly  lortilied  both  bv  nature  and  .iil.  The  dree:  . 
are  wide  and  draii,  inieiledmn  each  other  at  rit;ht 
angles;  liiole  rniining  call  and  well  extend  about  a 
mile  Irom  one  1 1\  er  to  the  other.  (  hai  les-'Town  con- 
tains about  1000  hollies,  (ome  o(  brick  and  othi  i-  ol 
wood,  but  ill  'general  handlbme,  ele'.jant,  and  \etv 
liinh  rented.  The  chinch  i>,i  Ipacious  building, _aiul 
executed  \u  cle^aiu   lade,  and   there  are  alio  ieveial 

ineellli;!- 


AMIRICA.] 


iiieiiinn-bonli'''  l>clon!;ii 
leiiiers,  fbiiie  of  wliiih  al 
the  (eat  of  the  ^;overnor, 
T  iiililv  met.  Its  \iciniiy 
lion.  Sevei.il  li.indloin 
'1  he  plaiiiers  and  mere' 
bud,  and  before  llie  wa 
llie  (  oloiiies,  will'  both 
di.  I  md  manlier  of  li\  it 
to  ihe  honour  of  the  pi 
ill  eoimni>n  with  l!ie  oil 
;i<4  unit  the  life  of  len.ii 
l.nus  ol  life,  thole  aim  I 
eiiliii;!'  ihe  undeidand 
wi  I .  cxi  epli  d  ;  liie  iiiij 
milled  .1-  uiU'il. 

■fill  le    .lie    11:01. •    will 
S.eilh  Cnolin.i,  tli.iiljh 
a>  the  laltei. 

Ill  till-  \c.ir  1780,  (  li.i 
llij  kind's   troops,  lurie 
(O03  n.eii  in  arms  priloi 
tiiuied  li  \  en  wiel-s.      It 
rcdored  to  me  Ameiic.ii 
I'oit  Roval,  or  Beaiif 
iil.ind  of  Tori  Ro\ai,  in 
louih  of  (harles    1  ow  n, 
<,ip,il)leofrecei\  iii)' the 
loiild  i;et  over  the  bar: 
then  in.iv  enter,  there  be 
icr.       {.eor^;e    'Town   i 
Charles  I  own. 

,\ll  .atempis  to  form. 

cd  abortive  till  llie  year 

II.      At  th.it  lime  Icver.i 

perlons  ol    dilliiidioii, 

crown,  invedins;  iliein  w 

juiild.clion  of  this  couii 

l.iiids  to  Inch  as  were  \v 

Icillemelil,  and  to  fubm 

ted  by  the  celebraied  I 

'They  l)e,i;.in  ibeir  firl 

ne.r  ibe  loiiibei  n  lima 

n.i\  i>;;ible  rivers,  when 

cii\ ,  I. died  (harles  T' 

'This  low  II  w.is  deli>;iu 

])it.d  of  the  pro\  ince. 

the  other  i  olonies  del 

(or  refu'j,e',  s,  they  leh 

follial  thev  extended  1 

led  tolei.:t;on  to  peopi 

K(  li.^ioiis  dilputes 

prodnied  d;lleiai(ms,  1 

coUmy  W.IS  rent ;  and 

ainoiii;    llie    proprieti 

'The  h  i;!lhaure  now  i' 

an  ad  oi  parli.imeiii  w 

ol  whu  h  ihis  colony  w, 

tvClion  of  tl.e  crown. 

I  om|)cliCe  ol  about  2.\ 

liaildauoii;  but    e.iil 

whiih  continued  in  il 

tl;e  more  (  onveiiKIU 

lin.i  was  divided  into 

iiieiiis,  Xortli  and  So 

1  7-'8,  .ind  liom  ih.it  t 

Cherokees  .md  other 

to  lloui  ;lli,  and  we. ill 

ceeleil  lo  po\  eiiy  .11: 

When  the  jiropi  n 

hi .  l.ile  niajelh',  onU  ■ 

line,  e.ich   of  wl.ieli 

ai  les  of  land  li|ii.ue, 

ai  res  lor  e.icli  in.ai, 

which  w.i .  to  be  aii",i 

in  a  condaum  to   i 

tow  11  was  ,dlo  to  lie 

whereof  w.is  to  be  .ili 

No.  .[■). 


ill 


Is  llm-i: 
|.l\  (•  iiinti- 

tiioi  Minn, 
J\  IS  brum 

III    lit  lllc 


-llllllCMI 


i>ui  ilirir 


il  li'.iilii'i. 

|ii  |ii'iiiiii<', 

n  iiiici  lor 


not 


i'lil 


\\  tin  till. 


J  lit    (|U    II- 


AMIRICA.] 


NORTH      AM   r.  RICA, 


Hire 


lin^-hoiilc'i  l)cli)n!;inrt  in  dillircnt  litis  «if  dil- 


li  Mil  i>,  loim'  <<r  wliuli  .III-  vii\  mat.  'I'lii'.  tu'Mi  Wiis 
till-  If, 11  t>r  ilic  j;i>vcrii<»r,  and  ilii;  pl.ici-  wIktc  tlic  al- 
ii niiilv  imt.  Ii^  \  irinity  is  IkmuiiIiiI  In  yoiiti  di'l't  i  ip- 
iniii.  SiMi.il  ii.iniiriiiiu-  l■l|llil)l^^^  .lie  kij)!  iii'ii' 
'1  Ik-   iil.iiilils    ;ind   nil  II  liaiil> 


an- 


(i|iiilriii   and  wi 


iiiil  III  lor; 

NVl 


llH-  WW 


lull: 


cillll" 

1 1  iii.inti 
iuiiiour 


r  lii'iu  tin  (ill  at  I'liiiain  and 
1 1-  lidili  lliiw  \  ,jiid  I  \|)i  iili\  I'  ill  liifir 
r  nl   ll\  1 
il   till'  ]'i 


It 


•il;;lil  1(1  l)i'  oDkTMd, 
(>r  (.  iiulina,  tliat  win  n 


III  iDiinnoii  Willi    llu'   nliii  I     (  ul()lili-i    lluv 


III 


iiU  nil 

l.ilU 


II  ll 


iil\  I  il 
nil-  III  I  ci  lam  Ui\iiiii>,  anil  <vi-n  lu'i  1 1- 


il  liii',  liuil'f  aiiii  l^•^  w 
■    till'    uiidi-i  llaiuhii' 


liii  11  iiii|iiiivi'  till'   iiiniil 


.1 


(t    ll 


11'    i.i 


A'lylid;    lllC    niijH.i  union    ol    bdiiKs   w.i.s    p 


n.iiiii 


IIIU  ll. 

,111'     Illi'U'     wllili 


pin,, 


n   N'oTlli  tli.iii  ill 


So'iili  CiKiliii.i,  111. null  llu-  luiiiKi'   IN  mil   lo  wiallliv 


:i>  ilu'  laiu  I . 


1 11  tlir  \  I  .II' 


i-Ro.di, 


111. 


■Town  lioiin; 
(1 


1)1  li 


ili> 


ririidi'ii'd  on   i  apKiil  iimn  \»iih 


(ooo  ii'.i  n  in  anus  priluiur.,  .iIiit  llu'  lu'H 


liad 


lllllllMl  ll  \  I'll  W  I'l'ks. 


Il 


iltciwaiils  cvatualtil  and 


rd 


III  d  tn  iiic  .Viiiri  il  ,ins. 


I'oii  Ri)\.il,  III  iic.uiruii  Town,  i 


(it 


iiaU'd  on 


ill.ind  (i!  I'nri  Rn\,ii,in  :ji  di '.;.  iinili  l,ii.  i  JO  inilfs 
ioiiili  of  (  liaric-  Town,  h.iviiii!;  a  i  aim  ioun  liaihoiir, 
<  iji.ililc  olrti'i'iN  inn  liii-  i'<i\  .ll  n.iv\  nl  I^.n^Lind,  il  ilu'v 
miild  m'l  oviT  till'  liar:  Ikiwi'Mi,  lliip.  ul  ^ood  liill- 
llu  11  ni.iv  iniiT,  iluTi'  liiinj;  i8  It'ii  (Upih  ai  low  \va- 
lor.  (.rurnc  T  )w  11  is  ahuiu  50  miles  iinrili  ol 
1  li.iili'N  Tow  II. 

.\ll  .illi'iiipi-.  Ill  rniiii  a  rrillcniiMit  in  Ciioliiia  prov- 
ed .ilioi'ii\  (•  till  the  \e.ir  idd  i,  in  I  lie  11  rj,n  ol  C  ha  lies 
II.  At  ih.il  lime  le\  eral  lunhlh  liobleiiun.aiid  other 
licilon^  ol  ililliiKlioii,  obtaiiKd  a  thaitii  lioin  the 
erown,  iiuellini;  ihein  with  the  jnopeiiy  and  ahlohiti; 
jurildidion  oliliis  emintr\.  They  parcelled  out  th-. 
lands  lo  Inch  as  were  willing  to  emliark  fur  the  new 
It  iiienient,  and  to  luhniil  to  a  lyllein  ul  laws  tompu- 
liil  hv  the  eelehraled  l.oeke. 

Thev  lie,i;aii  iheir  lit  il  letlleinent  at  a  point  of  land 
ne.'.r  tlie  loiithern  liiniiv  of  their  ililliirl,  Ixtweeii  two 
n.iv  i>;;d)le  rivets,  w  here  lhe\'  laid  the  Ion  iid.it ion  ol  the 
ciiv,  i.illed  C  harles  Idwii,  in  honour  ofkini;  Charles, 
This  lown  was  deli.nr.ed  to  he,  whalil  now  i-,  the  ca- 
irn.il  of  ihe  pi  u\  i:ue.  Ohfcrviiig  what  advantages 
the  other  lolonies  derived  from  <<petiini;  an  liarhuiir  j 
l.n  refii'^e-  >,  they  relolved  lo  heiuiit  hy  the  example, 
I'othat  thev  extended  lite  fi  henu'.and  ;;,ive  an  iinliinil- 
le.l  lolei.;t;on  |.)  peoi)li'  ol  all  ulinious  perliiafioiis. 

K(  li'.;ioiis  dilpule.-,  l,owi\ei,  in  proeels  oi  lime, 
pn.diKiil  liiUeiition'.,  tiinnilts  and  riots,  whereby  llie 
eoioiiy  w,is  letil;  .itul  thele.with  Ionic  difanreeniciils 
aiiMHi.n  the  propiietor.>,  ihreatencd  its  diitriielion. 
The  h  h'II-H'T'^'  "<>\^'  ihoiii;lit  il  time  to  iiiierpol'e,  aiid 
an  ael  i.i  parli.inient  was  aeeordmnly  path  d,  hy  \  nine 
of  win  I  h  lhl^  r(i!oii\-  was  put  iiiuli  r  liieinniiediaie  pril- 
ls dioii  111  ll  e  (TOW  II.  The  proprietor  aeeepted  a  re- 
iom))eiKi  111  .duuil  j.i.oool.  hotii  lor  the  piuperty  and 
lii!ilili(lioii;  hilt  e.iii  (iianvillc  retained  his  111. ire, 
wlnili  tontinned  in  the  pollenion  of  his  fimily.  lor 
thr  more  lonveiiuiit  ,ulminiltr.il;oii  ol  all.iirs,  Ciro- 
liiM  was  divided  i.ilo  Iwo  dilhiCts  and  two  nuverii- 
ineiits,  .Vortli  and  Sonili.  'ibis  happened  iiulicyear 
1  7.'8,  and  liom  lb. it  time,  piaie  beiin;  made  wiih  the 
(  lurolM'i'N  and  other  Iiidi.iii  liibes,  the  colony  be^aii 
111  nuiiiilh,  and  wulili  ^'.lul  inierii.il  tr.iii(|uilliiy  kie- 
(ic  !ii|  to  poveiiv  ami  enmmuiioiis. 

When  the  iiKipirlN  ol Cinilina  m.is  purrhifed  hy 
Ills  bill,  iiiajeily,  oidi'is  were  illued  lor  buildiin^  towns 
llCie,  iMcli  of  W'liiili  was  to  b,i\  e  .1  diliriii  r\'  20,000 
ai  H  s  (.1  bind  li|ii.ire,  lo  he  di\  ideil  into  Hi. ires  ol  li\'e 


aires  lor  e.ieli  m.m,  w  0111. '.11,  or 


ild  of 


ihui 


1  w  .1 ,  lo  he  ail"  me  I 


nted,  .IS  the  planters  Ih.oii! 


tmiiv, 
(1  he 


in  a  I  iiiiililioii   to   I  nil  i\ . 


fiiw  11  was  ,il  lo  10 


1 

Lii'ier  ini.iniitv;  e,uh 


be  I. 


iriiH  (1  into  .1  J 


lai  It 


the 


extent 


Mlu'icul  w.is  to  be  about  li\  miles  roun 
No.  .[). 


d;  and,  as  luoii 


605 


the  paiilli  com  lined  100  mafic 


iff 


crs  ol  I  imiliPi,  II  wa-s 


ipialilied  to  lend  two  members  lu  i)ic  aliniibly  of  ill 

'••'"•i  piivilege  of  any  ol" 


province,  and  to  enjoy 
lie  oilii  r  provinces. 


the  r 


'I'he  i;oM  rnmeiiiof  N'orili  ( 
1  (governor,  feiiale,  and  lioule  of  n  prefeiiUlives,  all 


'iia  IS  now  Ve 


ftc-d 


in 


I  le< 


led 


.iniiii.illy. 
dl 


li 


le  e.vei  llliM 


power  Is  111  a  ^(j- 


veriior  and  leveii  eoiinlellors.  Siniih  ('.iiolin.j  is  un- 
der a  miv  i  inoi,  leiMleol  ij,  and  a  hoale  ol  reprclcli- 
laiives  ol  2Qi  inembei.-. 


S  I'-.  C   T  ION'    \III. 


c,  1,0  Rf;  I  A. 


T 


HISp 


rovince  is  htii,ilei 


bel 


we(  n  JOaiK 


'  ,33  '1 


fff. 


nil  hit  il  tide,  .111(1  helween  80  and  813  dei;.  well 
loin-i.iide.  Il  is  about  700  miles  in  lennih  and  120  in 
bre.idth.  Il  is  bounded  by  C.irolina  on  the  north,  hy 
Hoi  ida  on  th"  louth,  by  ihe  Ailantic  Oceanonihe  e.ift, 
and  by  the  .\p.ilachi.in  mountains  on  ihe  well.  Tin: 
rivers  in  (ieoi  'ia  .ire  the  .M.ita 


im,ili,i,tlu'S,i\  ,innali  ane 


St. 


Ill's,  the  mouths  ol  ihe  two  lirll  for 


in  exec 


llelil 


To  the  fouth  of  the  river  Savannah  is  ;i  capacious 
road  e.dled  Tek\ -Sound,  where  .1  l.irs^e  fleet  may  an- 
chor ill  between  lOand  1,}  lalhoin.^  water,  biini;  laiid- 
loeked,  and  ii.ivinn  a  lair  en;r.iiiei'  over  the  h.ir. 

The  climite  ol  mis  province  is  niiich  the  fiiiie  ai 
lh.it  of  '.'arolin.i.  The  foil  is  in  lome  ])aris  Ids  pro- 
per lor  eulii\atiun  iliaii  in  others,  but  il  is  feriile  in 
niiier.il. 

(.eoi^i,!  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oals  and  bar- 
lex .  Ueie  arc  alio  pouitoes,  pumpkins,  water  and 
miilk  melinis,  cm  umbers,  Kiiiililh  and  Italian  ]ieas,fal- 
1.1(1  infill  general  the)  ear  round, lo^et her  with,i  11  kinds 
ol  Iwiel  herbs  .Mid  pot  herbs.  Nectarines,  peaehe* 
and  plumbs  are  as  pUniifiil  as  apples  in  Kni;laiid.  The 
fniii  of  the  mulberry  trees  are  not  comp.ir.ible  in  tla- 
voiir  to  thole  <)l  Knnland,  but  the  leaves  are  txcclleiil 
food  lor  filk  .vorms.  Olives  aboundhere  inperleclioii, 
and  the  orani;cs  exceed  tbofe  of  the  provinees  in  gene- 
ral. The  trees  of  C.eornia  are  pine.,  oaks,  hiccory, 
hl.ick  walnut,  cedar,  black  and  white  cvprefs,  white 
and  red  laurels,  bays,  ni)  riles,  of  the  berries  of  which 
they  make  candles;  faflafras,  an  infufion  of  which 
makes  (Tood  drink,  beech  trees,  .iiid  many  others. 

In  the  winter  fealon,  from  Xovemberto  March,  the 
country  abounds  with  .t;,mic,  fuch  as  w ild  (reefe,  ducks, 
teals,  widgeons,  woodeocks,  and  p.inridges,  but  they 
are  fmaller  thanthole  in  Kngl.'.nd.  Thereisa  creature 
between  a  r.dibit  and  a  hare,  which  is  ^ood  e.itiiif;,  and 
in  \  cry  cold  weather  there  are  vail  llights  of  w  ild  pi- 
j^eons,  which  arc  ealily  lliot.  The  liimmer  jraniearc 
deer  and  ducks,  liie  flefh  of  the  bears  cubs  nearly 
refembles  in  talle  that  of  young  I'igs. 

'Ihojgh  the  woods  abound  with  fnnkes,  none  are 
venemous  but  the  rattle-fnake.  The  rivers  abound 
with  Ibarks  and  alligators.  C)sflersare  inminicrablc, 
but  not  lo  well  ll.ivoured  as  the  l''.ni;lilli.  There  arc 
alio  crabs,  mulcles,  and  l.irge  jir.iw  lis. 

The  inhabitants  export  foiue  corn  to  ihe  Weft  Indies, 
raife  fomc  rice,  iiiid  have  made  fome  progrefs  in  the 
cultivation  of  indigo. 

Of  all  the  inamilactures  none  feenis  fo  praflieahle 
lure,  nor  iiune  hem  fu  i.il,  ihan  the  railing  of  filk.thc 
fod  being  well  ad.i])ted  to  the  culture  of  mulberrv- 
trei's,  and  the  climate  higliK'  benign  to  (ilk  worms. 

from  ihe  tjiiay  m.iy  be  leen  the  w  hole  coiirfc  of  ilie 
river  towards  the  le.i  one  w.iv,  and,  on  the  other,  for 
about  fi.xiy  miles  up  the  country.  This  river  is  na\  i- 
gable  for  large  boats  from  Savannah  to  Align Ihi,  wliii  h 
are  200  miles  dill, ml  (rom  each  other.  Aiigiilla  is 
lituatecl  in  one  of  the  moll  feriile  parts  ol  ibe  pii)\  ince, 


ind 
Fred 


carries  on  a  eonlider 


ibl 


e  trade  w  it 


lb  the  Indians 


erica  is  ,1  regular  lortre 


ited 


w  III!  lever, 


d 


pieces  ol  cannon. 
\\  bitlield  founded; 


.At  S.iv.innah  the  Kev.  Mr.  t; 


xrd 


n  orph.in-lunilt',  w 


hicl 


corge 
1  was  aftcr- 


s  coiu'erteu  into  a  college  lor  tlie  reccp 
0  M 


lion  of  111 


Jem; 


v.! 


]'■  him 
^    V  m 


Ksn 


:m.  !'iJ 


\ 


KOG 


A  NIAV  AND  ArTflF.N'TIC  SY.STF.M  o»  VNIVF.RS  \I.  (U.or.RAPHV, 


In  p 


rci'c 


Is  of 


,w  (■ 


iiiiii  Vkcrr  i.iifi'tl,  nti'l  n." 


«loMis  in  i!:viiiit\.      S.iv.'.iinali  w.i'.  in  podidioti  of  the 

Hniilli  irooiis  III  Odolur  1770.  ^^ll<•■"  Ininn  liidcm'il  .   inli.iliii.iiiis  f<ni  i>\<r;  In  ili;ii  l)cli)ii-  ilic  yi.ir  1; 


l>v  till'  AiiKTiiiUi'i  anil  Frtm 


I),  ilu 


I'V  iipiilli'tl  ilnni 


tin-  (iiilcTs  ill  ilic  i.i()\imi'  wcri-  cvrrv  wlic 


II'  nniiu  - 


lithgriMt  (lauRliiir.     It  was, however,  tv.n.u.in.d  and     rou*.     Diiriiiimn^  iit  lrin;ili  l|)i.iii;;  up,  \s in  11  ucmm. 
liloiHil  to  ilu'  AnuriiMni.  |;  incnt  inicrpolcil.anilpKuMl  (iiouti.i  on  the  I.iiikIiii.u 


In  17  (i, 


a  iMiinlu  I  0 


I"  ;;(iiticinin  forinrd  a  di-fit;n  ol      in,>  <\iili  ('ariilin.i.      .Since  llie  lesoli  i>l  ilie  nilniiii 


nuikiii'Ailiatir.ukori.i 

till  lutwefli  llie  rivers  Sav. 


vicealiie  to  ('.real  llrilam,  l>\  eriMlm;;  11  mto  a  I'.iti 
Inilwark,  for  liie  I'ouiluin  Britilh  colonies  a:;aiii 


alled(/eori;i.i,wliuhi>  Inn 
lah  and  Alatainalia,  li 

,1 

II  ih. 


the  novernineni  of  (■.eori'ia  li.is  licii  veiled  in  n  I'.u- 
veriior,  ixeiiilive  ((Hiiicd  ol  ij.aiid  lionfe  ol  allem- 


il  of  '   l.lv  of -2 


Spaniards;  lor  prcxhicinn  i;i  eai  bcnelit>  to  the  iitoilu  r 
jcninirv!  but,  above  all,  of  (>ivin;;  employment  to 
vail  nil  niber  s  of  people  vlio  were  bur  the  tiloine. 11  home 
to  tlicir  li  lends  and  panlhes;  and  petitioned  the  km;.; 


It. 


repicjcnlative' 


ctnircii,  a  coiiil. 


>reli(iiilc,  a   uoal 


It  hn 

a  wliaif,  a  <',n  ird-hoiile, 
<itid  otlivr  public  biiildiih;s,  Tlu  re  is  alio. 1  lonlt.int 
watch,  'rhehonlfs  are  rei^nl.uh  I  iiilt  at  fome  dillance 


Iroiii  each  other,  for  the  lake  of  I 


teiiii',  more  am,  an 


kt 


i< 


or  a  charter,  whu  h   was  accordiii'^lv  ;;ranie(l  iliein. 


11 


ter,  which  was  dated  that  year,  lonllimtcd 


ns  cl  ar 
liein  a  corp<iralion 


Mill 


linn  a  c 


.1. 


bv  the  name  ol  tiiiltees  lor  ella- 
n  C.coi  jri, 1,1  lie liidinn all  that  coiiiiiry 
Iltnated  inSonth  Carolina,  which   lies  from  the  moll 
northern  II  ream  of  I  he  Saxaiinah  River.alimnthecoalf, 


iiy  1 


orm  leviral  Ipatiuus  fipiares  and  llree;s. 


'I'liL  IsyiptNUisi  SI  A  I'll 


\l. 


!(>NI', 


to  the  molt  font  hern  ilrcam  of  ihe    Alatamaha,  and  || 'T'lll".  independent  llaie  of  X'tinion;  r^ 
well  from  the  heads  of  ihe  laid  rivers,  in  a  duett  line,  j     X     tenlivc  track  ofdumirv,  litiiated  t- 


to  the  Soiii 


hSe 


■fh 


iriioration  was  veiled  w  it  h. ill 


>nt.iin>,  an  e\. 
w  ,ir(: 


th 


e  nccel 


llarv  i)owers,for  the  term  of  zi  vearslroiii 


ithc 


ilarl 


V  10  ei 


llett 


lenelaftions 


litiMte.l  to  ll'(  callw.ird 
>l  \ew  llanii)(liire  and  Vlall.K  huh  Its  li,\,  audio  llif; 


nonh  o 


f  (• 


(ticiit, 


lietween  the  i  iver  <•!  iliat  name, 


2  th 


em  til 


!iid  Iliidfiii's  River.      It  was  formed  bv  mnt-raiion* 


rom 


.New  Hatnplhireand  \ew-\  1 


I 


leiimnranis 


having  lettled  on  lands  10  the  \\ellw.ir<l,  neither  c  laiin- 

ed  or  cultivated  liy  the  pcoidi-  of  the  provinces  bc- 

1,    loon    urew    niimeroiis,   and    Ipiead 

full  i.ilile 


ore-nutitUMiec 


uate  (it  Ihe  charter,  ])artKii 
for  liitini;  out  the  einij;rants,  and  hipportii 
their  hoiifes  could  be  built,  and  their  lands  cleared. 
C.eneral  C)<;lethorpe,  cnie  of  the  tnillees,  a  gentleman 
of  unhoiinded  benevolence  .md  public  fpiri:,  eoni- 
nianded  ihe  lirll  einb.o  katuni  to  <'.eori;ia,  to  whom  the 
Lieek  nation  viiluni.inly  1  cliiu|uillie<l  then  nnht  to 
all  the  lands  lyini;  between  the  above  inentumed  ri- 
vers, which  they   did  not  ule  theinlelves.      I'pim  this 
Mr.  0>;lethorpe  laid  out  tlie  town  ot  Savannah,  and 
ereHed  leveral  forts  to  cover  the  colony  .ngainll  any 
liollile  attempts  of  tlu-  Spini.irds  or  Indians.      In  the 
^^ar  1  ;■  ^  J  a  confulrrable  number  of  I'loteltant  S.dt/- 
lniij;hers  went  over,  who,  with  olliers  of  their  coiin- 
ir\ineii,  who  followed,  were  leiiled  in  a  town  on  the 
Savannali,  which  ihev  called  Kbenezer,  and,  bv  tluir 
habits  of  in(hillr\' and  fobrieiy,  they  Uion  became  a 
eonlideiahle  leitlement.      In  1734  another  embarka- 
tion, conlilliii^  of  ^ooinen,  1 10  women,  102  bo\s,and 
83  i;irl.s,  arri\ed  lioin  I''n;;land,  moll  of  ihcin  at  the 
public  e.\|>ence.      In  1735  about  160  Scotch   llij;h- 
l.iJider.s  went  over,  and  lelt!ed  iliemleUes  iipcui  Al.u 
t  iniaha  rncrs,  ifi  miles  !)y  waier  from  the  Illand  of 
St.   Simon.     Tliev   t;'ve   the   name   of  Darieii   to  a 
final!  fort  i!ie\-  btiiit  there;  and  that  of  .N'ew    Iiner- 
iiels  10  a  lin.iH  town  they  .ifterwards  added  to  it.    In 
Fehniarv,    1736,   Mr.    Oj^lethorpe,    with  ahoui    300 
jialfeiii^ers  on  board  iv.o  lliips,  ancliored  in  the   load 
•  il  Sa\annah,  ,111(1  foon  after  laid  the    lound.itions  ol 
the  town  and  fort  of  f'rederica.      lielides  the  private  j 
benefactions  received  bv  the  triiflees  diiiini;  tlie  term  , 
ol  tluir  iliarler,  l.ui',e  lupplies  wen-  ;;raiued  bv  par-  j 
li.iiiii'nt.      In  1  y  51}  a  Ipecimeii  of  {■,eori;iaii  raw  lilk  j 
was  (Nhibitcd  in  London,  which  the  meri. hauls,  who  | 
(halt  in  lh.it   commodit\,  declared  to  be  as  ^ood  as  ■ 
.in\  r.iw  lii.k  that  eani'   Innn  Italy,  and  worth  at  halt  I 
'..Ids.  per  pound.      In  i  7.J  J,  about  5  or  6000  Spaniards  ' 
and  Indians  invaded  (.ieor^ia,  in  about  r,o  \  elleK  of  ; 
.ill  kinds,  but  were  lepulled  by  General  O^lelhorpe,  | 
i'.t  ihe  lie. id  111  ihe  I''.n:;lilh  lorces,  and  a  finall   bodv  1 

ol  IiKii.iir,.  1  rem  that  time  It  remained  undilliirbed,  I  (,reen  Mouniaiii,  uhich  inade  N'eid  .\Ionl,  and,  bv 
f.iii  not  out  i.r  dani;cr  Irom  the  Spani.irds,  till  the  le-  ,|  cornipiion,  X'ciiiiont.  Hence  the  i in '^ in  ut  the  name 
liui.lioii  of  St,  .\uf  .:t!ne  by  the  ilii'ililli. 


theinlelves  to  ,1  coiiIkU  i.ihle  extent. 

The  iiihabit.mi":  of  thole  provinces  bid  loiii;  benj 
jealous  ol  the  rilint;  nreainels  of  the  colony  of  \'er- 
inoiit,  and  delirous  of  criilliin^  it,  but  never  (oiild  cf_ 
fett  their  dehgn,  while  the  cohniies  were  iinih  r  the 
pirildiHion  of  the  mother  counirv.  When  the  l.tte 
dilfeiuions  be.;. in,  tl.ev  nprelenttd  the  \'criii(mtef<? 
to  Conprels  as  ,1  dil.ilKMed  .md  em  roachini;  people. 
The  X'ermonule,  on  their  part,  prolellcd  their  ^itt.ich- 
meiit  to  the  ^eneial  ,\meric.iii  caiile,  and  re.jiielled 
repreleniaiion  in  eoiiRrels.in  common  with  the-  other 
Hates.  C'onjrrefs.far  from  i  omplyinnvvith  therecpieft 
of  the  \'ermontefe,  decided  in  favour  of  the  colonics 
of  .N'ew  llamplhire  and  N'ew  York,  and  eoniraded 
the  bound.iries  of  that  of  Wrmoiii.  In  pnuif<  of 
time,  howt  vei,  ( (mt^refs  rehixed  in  tin  ii  fi  verity,  and 
tranlmitied  a  fivour.ible  projiolal  to  the  X'ermuriieCc, 
which  beiin;  ai  ceded  to,  III  ■tiers  were  ad;iilh  d  in 
.April,  178.'.  With  refpitt  lo  perfon,  ni.iniK  rs,  ( ii(- 
toins,  cVi.  11  is  re.ilonihle  to  i  oiu  hide,  that  the  peo- 
ple ol  this  pKiviiKc  be  II  •  efembl.ince,  in  fui  h  pirli- 
culars.to  thole  ol  the  proviiu  ■  s  irom  wiiu  h  thev  emi- 
grated. 'I'l-.i 
the  faille 


le   (lim.iie,  loil,  and  produce,  are  nuu  li 

as  thole  of  New   I  laniplliire  .md  New  \'ork. 

I'ro])eilv  fpe.ikiiiM,  there  i^  no  cll.ihlilhed  Imni  nt 

!^i)verninent.      Kili.m  .\l|en,  linious  lorilir  eNpedilinn 

he  underiiiok  a'.;ainll  Tn  cimli  1  ,i''(i,  in  1 -- -,  w  idioiil 

any  other  aid  ili.in  that  ol  a  bofiv  ol   voiiiniei  rs  who 

followed  his  fortunes,  m.ide  himlelf  cinel  ol  this  i  oun- 

Iry.      This  entcrpri/iin;  i;eiiius  loiined  ihere  .inallem- 

blv  of  reprelenlativev.     'Ibis  .ilh  ini)lv  ej.ints  l.mds, 

.md  ihe  country  is  luhjecl  to  il>  own  laws  .done.      The 

inh.iliilanls  were  knovMi,  lor  .1  confidcr.ible  time,  by 

tl'.i'  name  ol  "  (iieen  .Motini.iin  15o\^;"  but  ihinkinij 

;iri   ij^iionunious    ap|Hll.ilion,   ihev    f  re,,;  fulied 


ih.il 


II  of  this  Hale, 


W'      ^^ 


^ 


'^■y' 


CHAP. 


SPAXn 

SK(   1 
FI.OR  I  n.\.  K. 


THIS  country  w.isdilV 
loine  years  before  it 
'I  li.it  nation,  111  I  r,  I .!,  i;.iv 
lieiidiiu;,  under  the  n.iiiie 
(lom  ihe  J.,ih  to  ilu-  ji^ili  < 
wh.it  1^  now  |)ropi  riy  cille 
liiu.ited  biiween  2-,  .mil  '] 
and  in  about  H.',  d'  '.;ri  es  ol 
«'d  on  the  north  by  (leori-i 
ol.Mevii  o,  (Ml  the  e.ill  ii\  1 
.\il,miic  Ol  e.in,  and  on  th 
pi.    Il  Is  about  .-,00  miles  11 

01  the  miinni.iiiis  llie  nn 
l.u  hi. in,  which  div  ide  (', 
American  St.iles,  from  Kb 
ble  rivers  pals  ihioiinh  thi 
n'e  in  the  .\pal  ichi.in  n 
<  .iilph  of  Me\ico,  or  the 
a-e  the  Milhlhpi,  the  ( 
Mo'iile,  and  the  river  5 
vv '  ;ch  the  French  call  St. 
t  ,e  linell  Mv  ei  in  the  worh 
free  from  Ihoals  ,ind  cat.ir 
f.T  le  inues  of  Us  loiiicc 
It, ire  ol  hlh. 

florid  I,  by  the  tre.ily  1 
bv  Spain  to  <  lieat  I'rii.iin, 
Ionics,  Fait  and  Well  flo 
III  II  con'ider  it,  liaviii!; 

I  -jH-},  it  vc.is  tak'-n  bv 
tlu m  bv  (ircai  Hrit.iin  I 

KASr  FLORIDA  c 
lions  of  acri  s,  which  is 
I'llhee.dtei  n  ,ind  luiillier 
fornu  il  b\  n.irrovv  Itr.ut 
liie  well,  .indjoin  others 
(il  the  |Miiicipal  of  the  1 
iitu  Santo,  which  exien 
■J7  K  amies,  and  is  near  8 
conimunications  w  iih  tl 
]ieninlula,  ,is  well  .is  vvii 
the  louth-ealt  of  this  p.i 
ill. mils  .md  rocks,  called 
Is'  \s  ol  the  .M.irtvrs,  wh 
.1:  ihe  dillancc  of  thirici 
to  the  molt  lonthern  poi 

II  iiiis,  on  their  returnthr 
Old  Sp.iin,  ran  loiil  of  1 
j.iiu  e  or  inattention  ol  1 

III  llie  captaiiisdiloluyii 
j;ei,  .md  laved  his  lliip 
entirely  loll,  with  i;reai 

I  he  foil,  except  in  t 
Ihoies  are  landv  or  mai 
find. 

The  coiiniiy  abound 
Iriiit  trees,  elpeeiallv 
eyprefs,  and  cliefniit  n> 
dm.uy  leni^ih  and  li/e, , 
rilhineiii  to  I'wine.  I'u 
gre.itell  jileiuv ,  is  the  I 
<)ii.intities  aie  exported 
allonriiwiure  innre.ital 
(oris,  .md  cotton  trees, 
herlis.  The  root  calleil 
fava  llntir  and  bread  at 
the  Iruits  tlieie  li  one 


r   :°7   J 

C  II  A  p.      \I. 

SPANISH   DOMINION'S   IN   NORTH   AMKRICA. 


I 


SK(  riox  I. 

i  l,{)I<  I  DA,   I. AS  r    \-. 


w  Ks  r 


T 


HIS  coiintrv  w.i'.  (liliovcrcil  hv  Sil),illi,m  ('  il)i)i, 


Icitni'  y  I'  irs  hclort'  ii  w.it  ktiDWiito  ilie  Sp.iiii.i 


(1» 


I  li  ii  ii.iiKiii,  III  I  ';t  2,  ^.i\ <'  II  .1 


villi 


I'Mrill.  I  iiiiiiiri'- 


wii'iu  luiiic,  wiu'n  111) 


11. Il,  ilMIOIIil 


tlic   I 


l)V  til 


uropciiiM,  It 


inc  ol  the  I  iirili;il  |ul<  |) 


'i'lurf  •lit'  woods  wliiih  Icivi'  lor  ilyiiii;,  as  iu'tu 


)r.i/ili-iiu,  lo^wooi 


(1,  <'v:i 


'I'licrc  .ire  llirii 


IS,   V  llllll 


iii.iy  he  of  (jriMi   ronliqiicnii-  in  ir.iilc,  In,  Ii  ;is  tlin 
Ml)  rili-\»ax  III  I  III),  wlm  il  v;ro\Ks  iiu'm  r\  riiil,tlico|iuii- 


III,  IIU'   llllll, I   llll  II 


1),  c";- 


o  Uili  lil.i\ 


;t(iil 'li,  thai 


litiiiiiii'.',  iiiiiUr  till-   II. line-  III  llorid.i,  ;ill  ilu'  ioiiiitr\   j'  I..1II  I'loiiil.i  li.u  the  i;riMt((l  p.iit  tililic  I'luii  tni- ol' 
Iroiii  liic  2.-,th  tollii- 3()lli  ilf,;irc  ol'iioiili  Liimidf.  Hiil  |   ilic  N'lu   World.      Kilt  iloridi  liis  alio  ininii  of  lii 


uli.il  IS  now  iirojiirU  i  .ilK  d  ilu:  I'l'iiiiiliii.i  ol  I'lorida, 
litii.iti-d  liciwfi'ii  2f,  and  31  dc'^rci.'*  of  north  laritiidr 


d  in  .ill 


out  8.',  d(i;n  is  ol  \\  ill  loiii;itii( 


II-.  It 


(l- 


|)l.iiu  I  allid  h.irilla,or  kali,  w  itii  v.  Im  li  pcarl-allics  .irc 


Ilk-,  and  (li  which  conlidt'rabli-  i|iiantitii.'s  arc 


iin- 


id  on  ihi-  norili  liv  (Icori-ia,  on  tlu-  ioiiili  In  tlu'  (iiilph 
ol  .\l(\ii  o,  on  lilt'  llll  li\  the  llr.iils  ol  H.ih.nii.i  .iiid  the 
AiI.iiiikOi  I'aii,  and  on  ilu'  will  hv  ilu' river  MiliiHi|)-  j  onllv  111 
Ml.    Il  Is  ahoiit  .-,00  nil  Us  in  Iimi.;iIi,  ,iiid  |.]0  in  In  i-.iiilli 


poriid  inio  luiropi-  ior  divi-is  iiridiil  |nirj)or<vs.  Himc 
is  a  iori  oi'  (>r.iin  iiki"  our  oats,  and  ,\  licii  rii^!  My  prc*- 
pind  ixiicd-  our  lull  o.iImhmI.      It  i^rciws  Ipontaili; 


P 


a(«vs,  and  liy  thi'  I 


olrivirs,  like 


Tlu-  Indi.ins,  when  it  is  ripe,  t.ikc  handliilh 


01  till'  moil ni<i Ills  till'  nioll  ronln 


kral) 


lulu. Ill,   which  dividf  C.iiolin.i,  and  tlu-  ull  ol  the 


Am   ricali  St.iti's,  Iroin 


I-l. 


.\v 


ill 


niiinlii'i  III  110- 


iihI  111  iki'  thcni 


the 


CM   canoes,  and  wli.it   clc.ipcs 


llll-  rivers  prils  iliioiii;li  iIiin  i  ounir\ ,  the  nii 
r.''-  Ill  the  .\p.il  'clii.in  nioiiiiMiiis,  .iiid  l.i 
(.iiliih  ol  Mivieo,  orlhr  Ail.iiilii  Oce.iii. 


iiilo  llie 


'II 


the    Milhlli 


ill 


11 


pi,    the 


Oh 
Si. 


11-    river   M.    |olin. 
iicli  rill  Si.  I ouis,  IS, 


|oh 


ilie  Co/.a,  Coiill 
The    MilhH: 


I,  or 


le  clue 


iliippi 
retpecis 


thetii,i.iiliiii;  intoihr  water, produces,  without  I'unlicr 


troiili 


Ic.i 


le  next  Near  ,s  croi: 


IJiit  the  moll  rnii;iil,ir  prodiulion  intlie\egetaMcfy- 
lleni,  ill  this  or  in  .my  other  coiiniry,  is  the  e.ihbas^e- 
tree,  e.illcd  hv   loiiie   iMliiialills  the  p.ilinello  royal. 


The  tiiiii 


little  Ilea 


r  the 


Mn'iiie,   .111(1 

V    :ili  the  I  r 

t   eliiiell  rivei  ill  the  world.  It  runs  a  very  loin;  coiirl'e,  j 

Iree  iroin  Ihoals  ,ind  caur.icl.s,  and  i.s  iiavii^.ible  within 

f-i  le  niies   ol    lis   Inline.      In   tliefe   riwrs   is  j^ood 

IK.re  ol  Mil. 

lloridi,l'\'  the  hi.ily  ol  jieare  in  176^,  was  ceded 
1)V  Spain  to  ( lieat  I'l  il.iiii,  who  dnided  11  into  two  co- 
lollies,  Kali  and  Well  llorida,  aci  ordiiij^  to  which  we 
111  II  con'ider  it,  liavini;  iirciiiiled,  that,  in  (he  year 
i;S3,  II  w.is  lak'-n  by  the  Spani.irds,  and  ceded  to 
tlu  111  hv  (ireai  Hrii.iin  by  the  ireity  of  tyS]. 

I,  A. SI"  I'l.ORIDA  <  oinpreheiids  about  iwelve  mil- 
lions oi  a  I  ri  s  which  i~  .iboui  the  (piaiiiiiy  ol  Irel.'.nd. 
I'l  ilue.illei  ii.indroutheriiii.iiis.ue.iiuiinberol  ill.inds, 


the  b- 


ilaluhllj 


UrouiKl,  will 


ch 


[;ives  It  the  liecominn  .ip]H'ar.ince  ol  .1  lulillaiuial  lialii 
to  liipjxirt  its  lowerini;  weii^hi.  It  is  lirait  as  an  ar- 
row, riles  above  an  hiiiidred  leet  in  hei^^hl,  and  the 
trunk  near  the  earth  i.s  about  liv  or  leven  leet  in  cir- 
ciimrereiu  e,  the  whole  body  >;rowiii.;  taperiii;;  to  the 
top.  'i'hc  iiilide  text  III  eoi  the  li-.ives  a])]u-ar  as  thread- 
like iilainents,  wliiih  beiiii;  Ipiiii,  are  iiled  in  ni.ikiiuj 
cordage  ol  every  kind  .is  well  as  lilliin^-nets.  W'h.it 
is  called  the  cabba);e  lies  in  many  .liiii,  while,  brittle 
ilakes.wdiich,  wlun  raw,  have  i'oineihiin;  ol  the  talie  of 
almonds,  and  when  boiled,  lomcthiin;  oi'  that  oi  cab- 
ba;;e,  but  iweeter  and  more  aoieeable. 

Here  is  good  beel,  veal  and  tmiiton,  with  plcnt\ of 
ho'^s,  eljieeially  on  the  le.i  conll,  ,iiid  .ill'o  not  only  e.it- 
tie  ioi  draunht  of  the  i'artar  breed,  but  liorles  lor  the 


foriiuil  by  narrow  liraiis  and  ba\s,  which  run  in  iVoiii  ji  I'.iddle,  that  m.iy  be  purehaled  lor  any  tulle  of  I'.uro 
the  well,  andjoiii  others  iroin  the  loiilh  andeall.   One  :'  pe.iii  coiiimodily 
ol  li.e  priiu  ip.il  ol'ihe  bays  is  c.dled  I.a;;iina  del  Klpi 
ritii  Santo,  which  cxtrtiils,  from  north  to  louili,  about 


■^7  Kmuiics,  and  is  near  8  leai^iies  w  ide.  It  li.is  lever. il 
cominiiiiicatioiis  wiih  the  ba\  011  the  well  lide  oi' the 
peiiinlul.i,  as  well  as  with  ihi'  (iiilph  ol  I'loiid.i.  'I  o 
the  loulh-eall  ol'this  part  ol  the  i  (Miiiir\  is  a  eliaiii  oi' 
illaiuis  .Hid  rocks,  called  C"ay os  de  los  Mai  i\  rN,  or  ili'' 
Ixevs  ol  ihc  Martvrs,  which  extend,  in  a  circular  lorin, 
.1;  the  diilanre  orihirieeii  le  I'^iies  i'roni  I'linta  Florid, i 
10  the  moll  loiilliirii  point.  In  1  773  a  lleer  of  i.j  j^.il- 
h  ,Ml^,  on  their  retiinithroiii^i,    lie  (iiilpli  ol  I'loridi  lor 


nidSp, 


lUl 


ran  loul  of  the 


e  1 1 


throiii'li  the  I'rno- 


l,ouc  or  inane  111  ion  ol  the  i  ominandcr  in  (  hi 


One 


ol  llic  captains  I 


pt.i 


ililoli 


•\iiii;  the  lti;i 


,  avoidedthe  dan- 


ger, and  laved  his  Ihip;   but  the  other  lliirteen  were 
entirelv  loll,  with  ,i;reat  part  of  their  treafiire. 


Ilie  foil,  except  in  the  niidi: 


die 


IS  \  erv  low. 


Ihoie 

land. 

I'h 


aiiuv  or  marlliv  to  .1  ''le 


'I'he 
at  ilillauce  within 


e  coiintrv  aboiiiu 


lis  with  .ill  kinds  ortiiiiluT  and 


nut  trc! 


Ipeeiallv 


I' 


cvprels,  and  clicfnut  ti  ec 
d 


.,   laurels,   palms,  cedars, 
iliicli  iMow  to  an  e.xtraor- 


iii,irv  leimili  and  li/.e,  anil,  w  nil  the  oaks,  a 


ill'ord 


nou- 


filhmeiil  to  Iwine.     But  the  wood  moll  prized,  and 
gre.itill  pleiuv,  is  the  lallafras,  of  which  rein,irk,d>le 
<ju,inlilics  are  exported 
alloj;rowhereiiii;re,it  a 


The  wild  beads  of  this  coiintrv  are  jianthers,  bcarj, 
cat,iniountains,  biifl'aloes,  deer,  li.ires,  !;oats,  rabbits, 
be.ivers,  otters,  foxes,  llyin;;  Iqiiimls,  &c. 

The  le.ithered  creation  is  luimeroiis,  as  cranes,  wild 
i;eefe  and  ducks,  turtle  doves,  partridj;es,  ihriidu-i, 
ja\s,  hawks  and  crows.  The  macco,i,  the  hiimminii- 
binl,  .mil  a  ureal  number  of  others,  ibiiie  oiwhieh 
are  of  beautiful  pliiiiia;;e. 

.-Ml  the  low  lands  on  the  coafl,  as  f.ir  as  they  can  bo: 
appro.iehed,  are  bordered  with  inaii'^rove  trees,  to 
wliii  h  adhere  an  incredible  number  of  luiill  (i\  Hers, of 


del 


piilite  llavoiir 
icioiis,  are  loiiiu 


Othc 


:li  1 


iisiei,  and  not  lil 


1  in  the  lea,  and  iIkii  in  Inch  niim- 
hat  thev  iorm  Ihelves  therein,  which,  at  hrfl 


view,  leem  like  rott 


L'l  with 


the  liirlace  i: 


fth 


The  other  producis  of  F.all  Florid. 1  ar- 


cocliine.ii,  iiKlino,  am 

ametln  lis,  tiircjiioiles,  lapis-lazuli 

Hones ;  likewile  copper,  (iiiickfiU 


1  lilk-t^rals.      It   q||o  produces 

iii.d  other  precious 

1. 


(1  a   kind  of  Hone  tiileh,   calh'^ 


ver,  tii'-co.il,  iron  ore 


<pe»,  whi'di  il. 


'Si 


i.miarus  tile  as 


tar  f 


or  their 


Ihi 


IT' 


The  principal  town  in  Fall  Flori  !.i  is  St,  ,\i;,;iilliiie, 


nand 


111":  oil  the  eallern  co 


illofil 


'  pemiilula,  a!  out  7.1 


Fxcel 


eiu  limes  and  pi  iiiie 


;iies  from  ihc  (liilph  of  Florid.iaii.K'haiinel    IB.i- 


lorts 


s,  and  cotton  trees,  hem 


Iniiul.iiu  e,\vith  vines  ol  varioii 
hi 


301 
II 


nth 
il 


ot  I  lie  river 


Al 


iialiam.i  oi 


Al 


•i.x,  ])iille,  roots,  aiK 
IS.    The  root  called  mendihoca,  of  which  the  eaf- 
llour  and  bread  are  made 


17  liom  ihe  lown  and  ri\er  ol  Si\aiuiah. 


iniiii.u'iM, 
It    Iv 


IS  very  common. 


Of 


the  liuits  there  is  one  called  tuna,  lu  cxquilitc  and 


i 


lim.ited  in  l.iiitude  30  detjrees  north,  a 
the  lliorc,  or  the  bottom  of  a  hill,  in  the 


11(1  lies  alou" 


if 


r.illelogi.im,  ilir  llreets  cutting  each  other  at  rinht  aii- 
ules.     The  port  is  formed  by  anillandandalang  point 


IS  toriucu  iiy  aniliau' 


ui 


,♦      I 


:  1  i;| 


i 


'  r 


.'Ki 


..i  M  'h 


:,o8 


A  \E\V  ANP  AUTlirXTIC  SY.'VIF.M  oi  ryi\-KRSAI.  GKOCRAnn-, 


fc 


of  land,  .•ilniofl  rli\u!i'<l  from  tlic  rontinrni  hv  ;i  nvcr,  | 
wh'uli  fails  iiuo  I'u-  li'ii  iwo  miles  loutli  cC  ll-.i-  liiv.ti. 
Ahoiii  .\  mile  id  iIk-  rorih-.vaid  oC  ilu-  tDwn  It.iiuis  tlu'  | 
callK-,  lalU-.l  Si.    loluiS  I-ort,  (K  U-ihIciI  liv  lour  IkiU  j 
lions,  iuul  prcliv  llioii'.;.     'I'iu-  i  iiiianci'  'iilo  il'.i'  I'orl  i 
lu-s  bi'lwLi-ii  the  idaiKl  and  ihc  point  ol  l.iml,  ami  is  ' 
ahoiit  onr  mile  .iiu!  a  (|iiaru-r  ovtT,  at  iv,  iiulnil,  moli 
p.irt  ol'llu'  coall  of  Morula.     Down  liv  lIu-  ii.li-,  alioiil 
tlin  I'  (lu.iitirs  ol  .1  niilc  lonih  ct  lIu-  town,  ll.uuls  the 
cliiuili  ami  inoiuillL'iv  ol  St.  Anu,ii(hni'.     'I'lu-  lull 
built  part  ol  tlic  town  is  on  the  north  luli-,  Kailiiv;  to 
the  lalllc.      On  '.ht  noith  aiul  louili  arc  tun  Iiidiau 
towns,  without  the  liiy  walls. 

■\\'l'II  Morula  is  a  loii';  track  of  land  of  niorc 
than  Solca'^uts.i  \h  luiin^  from  call  to  will,  aloiv  the 
toall  ofthi-  Hay  of  .\k'\uo.  'Ihc  {liinati.'  i<  hoi,  ..iin]), 
and  uiiluMlthv,  partii  iihirK'  lUMr  tin"  lea.  'I  he- 1  vand 
I.ikfs  11])  a  ,i;riat  (k'plh.aiid  is  lonipolcdol  wliKi  and 
<lr\  faiui.  On  juKaiuinn  into  the  i  ountr\ ,  whu  h  is 
prrtty  even,  tlu"  ilnnaU-  i>  found  to  he  more  healthy, 
iini'.  the  lands  more  iiuilful.  They  l'.i\  e  annually  two 
liarvells  of  inai/.e.  They  have  alio  ^ood  palhirauc, 
Jil'd  ]>k'nt^  ■■i  cattle.  'I  he  Iri.-e>  ,iiid  plants  are  nuich 
tlie  l.;:ne  as  in  Kail  Morida  ;  hut  the  \\  ell  .dlords  foine 
articK's  \\hii.h  are  warned  there.  Tile  inlaiul  parti  air 
ilifo  Miiich  helte.'. 

Tciils  arc  fuiiiid  licre  in  ';rcat  aiiund.inee  ;   iiut  ihe 
Indians  prize  the  l-.UMi|)eaii  heads  more.      I  ])on  tlit 
V  hole  coall,  for  200  le.i!^Ui>,  aie  I'-'cr.d  vail  in  d-  (il 
Dvlhrs,  and  in  the  lielh  water  'akc  s  and  ii\  ers  is  a  hirt  ; 
of  Ihcll  hih,  hetwem  a  nuilili  aiulan  oylh-r,  in  whu''.  ' 
is    fouiu'   abunflaiue   '.;'   j.earls,  many    ol   wldeh   jve  I 
larger  than  (irdinai  . .  ' 

The  French  inli.diitants,  wlioareniiiiicrons  here,  are 
cliielly  eiiiplov'd  in  the  hiiildini;  lliijA,  and  ci:!ti\  ami';  | 
rice,  lotion,  and  iudif^o.     'I'luir  cotton  i.^  \ery  hue,  ^ 
of  a  dear  white,  and  tlieir  indi'M)  is  as  g(;otl  as  that  | 
from  St.  DoiniiiL;o.  | 

On  the  hank >oi  the  MiffilTippi  are  fcver.d  Ijirin^sand  ! 
lakes,  which  produce  e\ci  Hem  lalt.    '1  lie  plant^  jiro-  | 
cluciii;^  hemp  and  ll.ix  abound  here,  as  well  as  that  iort  j 
of  (ilk-^^rafs  ofwiiiih  are  madeliu  h  Huffs  as  come  from 
ihc  Kail  Indies,  called  herb  (lulls.     \'a(l  llights  of  wild  ' 
j)iL;coiis  come  I'.eieat  lome  lealoiis  ()ftheyear,an(lro(>ll 
on  the  trees  in  ;;reai  mimhers.      In  many  places  are 
mines  of  pit-coal  ;  and  iioii  ore  is  oiieii  found  near  the 
lurface  of  the  earth,  whence  a  meial  is  extracted  little 
iufenor  to  Heel.     Here  are  alio  I'oinc  mineji  olqiiick- 
IiU(r,  or  rather  tin-  iiu  ial  from  which  il  is  extracted. 
It  1^  onlv  ul'ed  b\  the  ori'j,inal  naiives  to  paint  their 
laces  and  bodies  111  lime  of  war,  or  at  high  lellivaU. 

The  inhabitant ~  of  Well  Morid.i  arc  more  iiiimi'- 
rous  than  thole  ol  l'.,dl  Morida,  it  i)cin<;  ir.on.  healilu' 
jiid  invitin;;,  efpeci.illy  in  the  wcllern  l)art.^,  near  the 
banks  of  the  .Millillijipi. 

'I'hechief  low-i  ol W  e(l  Florida  i^  renf,i(i(;la.  Tlie 
laii(!int;-jdaceis  within  the  hay,  the  town  beiii;i  lituatcd 
on  a  lands' fhor<',  perleilly  white,  tli.it  can  only  he  ap- 
proached by  liliall  velk  b.  'I'lie  road,  however,  is  one 
iii  the  belt  iii  all  the  r.ul|)ii  ol  .Mvxico,  as  \  ejlels  may 
lie  theie  ill  lafety  a'^ainll  \  iry  kind  of  wind.  The 
bottom  a liords  excellent  .inchorafte;  andih^  fea,wliK  h 
Is  II  idoui  .li'.iiated,  (HI  .u  count  o(  beiii.;  Iiirrounded  b)' 
till  l.iiid  on  evi.  ry  'Ide,  ]-,  capable  ol  com  iimiii»  a  gre.it 
niuiili,  r  ol  (hips.  On  the  well  (ide  of  the  harbour 
Hand-  the  'uw  II,  defended  hv  .1  I  mall  toil.  A  \  er\  line 
river  (alls  ihtii  ihi  IVnol  .\le\u  oon  the  "all  lideol  the 
harbour,  att.-r  iiim<;i:'.' above  lOO  miles  tliroii'jji  the 
country.  'I  lit  land  here  produci  ,  plenty  ol  the  tree 
fit  (or  malls  ol  (1  'p  ,  and  act  ordiii^lv  nialiv  ol  them 
arcciudowiia'idi  aiiicdioWi.iL'ni/  i'orthat  purpole. 
As  there  aie  111, my  p.irluulars  ielpe(:tiiii;  iierliiii, 
drel  -,  111,'.  Ill  It  1  .,  ai;il  i  ulluins,  which  are  pt  ciih.ii  lo  the 
ori:;iiial  IndiaiiMjIMuiida.wediall  prcleiu  ilieiii  loilie 
le.ider.  The  boiiii-  of  lliele  pt:oplc  are  lobiill,  and 
V.  1  II  pioportiotied.  lSollile.\esgoiiaked,e\ct  pi  ha\  iii'; 
J   d'ct   (I. .11   roiiiiil   the  w.illl.       1  hev  ll.iiii  tin. 11    Ikiii 


whii  li  tlu\  h.ii'c  .1  me:  hod  iil'!willii!i;ahd  ijiniiin^iii'on 
the  head,  lo  as  to  render  11  ratlin  becoming.  'Ihc 
women,  who,  in  nenei.il  ii  ive  i:ootl  features,  ;ind  an: 
will  in.ide,  art-  lo  active  tli'U  lle-v  will  climb  with 
.un.i/iim  Iw  iltiiel>  to  the  tops  oi  the  hight  II  tret  s,  .mil 
I  I 'A  ill!  ,ici  ■!!.-  hi  oat  I  I  i\  ei  -  w  i;h  tht  ir  i  in  I  dun  uii  tin  ir 
I  b.icks.  Tlie  men  ii'  ille  oi  bnw.s  and  airow>  wiili 
gre.it  ileMiriiv.  I  i:e  lliiil);-.  uf  iheir  li.iw  ,  .iieinadt- 
iif  the  iiiiew-  of  ll.igs;  ,inil  tiu'V  point  the  eiui,  of 
iheir  ..1 '  ow  s  w  itii  Ihaip  Hones,  tir  ih.e  teeth  (jf  lilhes. 
Willi  relptil  10  r.li';uiii,  the\   tiie  iiKil.iteis. 

'I  I'.eirtevniioiin  111  the  inanageiiu'iil  ,ind  diltribiiticii 
of  their  I  01  n,  wiiii.  h  is  .11  coiiiiied  ihe  comiiioii  Ibii  k  i>l 
the  public,  i .  \i  1 11  win  ll'.N  ol  iiolu  e.  The  (  rop,  v.  f-u  li 
i.^c.dcul.in  tltnii  I  .  enii's  hall  llie  \  ear,  1st  olli  i.tLcl  ii.to 
i;r.maries  .ipiii>iiiud  loi  that  piiipole,  and  alterw.iids 
iei;iilarlv  deiivered  out  to  e\t  ly  laiiiii)',  in  propurti'  i|i 
10  the  ihiiiilier  ol  pei  ioiis  it  contain:.,  'i  lie  loll,  is  ;ii- 
tieed,  c.ip.dde  ol  .iHordiiu;  nuuhnioie  corn  tliaii  tin  \ 
are  ;;  j'e  to  i  onluiiie  ;  hut  lhe\  i  liuole  to  low  110  in.  ii  e 
than  \  ill  lei  \  e  tiieiu  lor  th.il  tiiiii,  iciimii;>,,  lor  1!  .; 
remail  tier  t'\  llie  ve.ir,  into  the  1 1  1 1  lit  .s  ol  I  iie  Itirell  s 
where  tlit\  liuilil  h'.its  uf  p.din  tiees,  .iiiil  live  upon 
rotii-,  Willi  fowl,  and  (iHi.  Thev  are  very  (mid  of  the 
III  ill  of  .illi^.itois,  whith  h.is  a  ItroiiiJ  r.iiilky  lii'tii. 
1  1..  ir  meat  i^  drellcd  in  the  lino.ik,  upon  a  jiruhioii 
in.ideol  llii  k-,aiid  w.iter  ler\  e^ior  their  common  drink. 
Ihe  pc'iple  .ire,  in  iiener.il,  hililied  with  one  wife, 
!.;r.  till-  ihieb  .ire  imliilgeil  wiih  niuie,  lhoii:;h  ti:,- 
cl.iltl.eu  ol  oiiiv  one  til  them  Iiu  i  eeil  10  the  lathei ' i 
tliioiilv. 

ihe  government  of  tlie  ini;;inal  Moridas  is  in  the 
li.imls  ol  many  i  liiels,  who  are  called  c.uii]Ues.  '(hev 
are  (rtt|ueiilU  at  w  ar  w  iih  each  other.  In  their  w  .11  like 
expedilions  ihev  carry  w  ith  ihemhonex  .indm.u/e,  .ind 
lomctimes  lilh  dried  in  the  lu.i.  The  chiel  marches  .it 
the  hc.id,  cai  nes  a  bow  in  one  hand,  and  a  bow  .iiul  .ir- 
ro'.\s  in  the  .iiher;  his  t|iii\cr  haiii^s  at  hi  ■  b.ick  ;  and 
the  relt  loUow  tunmlliioully  with  the  lame  arms. 

In  their  \v.\riike  deliheraiions,  if  ihe  m.itter  be  of 
great  moment,  their  prielU,  who  arc  alio  a  kind  of 
plnlicians,  are  called  in,  and  their  opinions  paiiu  u- 
larly  alkeil.  'i  hen  the  cariipie  carries  roimil  a  kiiui  of 
lit|iior,  liki:  our  tea, nude  by  the  intiilion-  t>l  the  Icavt  i 
(A  A  certain  tree. 

Tiie  luneral  ol  ii  clef  eafedt.ic i que  l^ celebrated  with 
gre.it  loleiiiiiil\ .  They  phu  e  upon  Ins  lt>inb  the  bowl 
out  I'l  which  he  vas  acculloined  to  drink,  .iiul  iluk 
great  mimiitis  of  arrows  in  the  e.ii  th  arouml  him,  be- 
wailing his  tleath  lor  three  liav-wilh  tallinj^  anil  loud 
l.imeiiialions.  The  gi  iier.diiy  of  them  cut  oil  their 
h.iir  as  a  hnguhir  tellimonv  ol  tin  ir  loirow.  Their 
i  hieli.iins  alio  let  hie  lo,  and  conlunie,  all  the  hoiile- 
liold  fiiruitiire,  together  with  the  f.iit  ih.it  Inlongtd 
to  the  (It  cealtd,  alter  which  lome  ohl  women  are  tle- 
piited,  who  evil  y  d.iy,  during  the  Ip.iie  of  li.ilf  a  vc-.o, 
ut  morning,  iiuoii,  and  evening,  bewail  him  witn 
dreadful  how  lings,  according  to  tht-  |>ra(;lice  of  lome 
more  civili/td  nations,  and  I'articularly  the  aiicitni 
Romans  who  lutjueniU  hiudwoinen  at  the  luneialj 
ol  their  iclatioiis  and  liicnd.'. 


,1  tl 


juiu;   ol  plaiil.,   u 


lid  I 


lavc  lonjj  Ida 


k 


SKCiTOX'   II. 
I.  O  r  I  S  I  A  N  A. 

Lore-.  I  W.A,  a  (  oil  lit  rv  of  confidi  ralile  rvicrit,  i' 
bounded  on  the  north  In  the  lerriloiies  ol  llu' 
wild  Indians,  on  the  foiith  b\  the  Oiilph  of  .Mexico, 
on  the  c.iH  by  Moriila,  and  on  the  well  by  N\ '.i' 
Mcxui).  It  extends  ft  out  laiittuk  z6  to  lat.  .\o  deg. 
iiorili. 

.Votwithlh.nding  the  levcral  .itieinpts  o|  the  Spa- 
in.litis  and  l-'ri  lull  tt>  make  Ictth  ineiiis  in  thi.s  couiiirv, 
which  genei.illv  milcarried,  il  .i[ipe:ir.s  that  the  l.itt'.  r 
h  itl  haidl\  .iin  leitleineiits  in  it  till  47  JO,  except  that 
ol  Hli;  D.iiiiiliiiH.',  oil  the  biinl>s  ol'tht:  .M.ibile,  uboiic 


ij  lea  Mie 


C4ll  ol  the  mot 'h  of  tlie  »\lillilhi, 


;pl. 


Ti. 


AMF.RICA.i 

This  country  niiy 
under  the  ^ovt:  nnic 
{art,  10  the  I-nt^lul 
them,  tof^ethcr  with 
.iccoidinnio  tlietrc.ii 
exce'.\!r,it;ly  plcal.mt 
levcral  rivers  at  ccrt.i 
ll^iitful,  and  well  a 
parts  the  {ground  yie 
winter  there  are  only 
tVoll.".  All  the  tree; 
loir.jjicr  with  a  jyeat 
lueh  as  the  tall  cedar, 
and  the  cotton  iree, 
'I  he  loil,  to  '.he  fi»it 
tuni  ot  iiulij;o  and  nc 
of  wheat.  1  he  u  irib. 
f^anit,  (owl,  and  lat! 

'1  he  rivers  oi  L.o.n 
St.  Francis,  the  Hl.u 
\vate:s  a  very  line  i.-." 
mr),,tli  a  ri'.ilde  b  iv. 

lathe  !:l'jof(..)iica 
pi.  Is  the  town  of  N< 
l:a;ia  ;  liulli  ot  '.vine 
Fic'.ci'.  New  Orica 
nor,  grand  rrainci), 
the  cnipoiiuin  of  l.n 

The  orif;,inaI  inha 
^rnera!,  truin  ihofe 
and  active,  and  Icfs 
knew  i.othinp,  of  an 
ftcel,  miich  !eh  of  fi 
French,  all  their  tut 
made  of  llurp  (lints, 
'1  hrirpriiicipalorna.i 
coll.-irs;  fonicofwlii 
ot  iciiowiiir  in  what  : 

S  E  ( 
KEW  MKXI 

Nl-.VVMexiio,  il 
lon^,  aiui  I'v 
c.ul  by  I  .ouilian.i, 
\k'Xicu  Proper,  on 
ni.i,  and  on  the  nor 
ateti  between  2  5  and 
\)elween  94  and  1  26 
count 'y  is  watered 
<  ipal  rivci!'  are  thole 
iJcl  Norte.    I  here  a' 
tu  th.e  (jiilph  ol  M 
cKi  ks  oailiat  CO. ill . 
li.u  hours,  were  the  ' 
ot  that  active  (pirit 
powers  ot  Iruropc.  ! 
f.',H)illiil'  and   tcitlle 
ot  whii  h  .Uf  hi  111 
ovis   (uits  ot'  fruit' 
tame  cattle,  with  \ 
lloieil  with  the  •,  he 

Santa  I'e,  the  caj 
Ir.i'.uits  fVoni  the  le 
del  Ntirte.  It  is  ai 
tlic  fee  ot  a  hilliop, 
teat  of  the  j;oveini 
nati:  to  tin:  viceroy 

New  Mexico  is  11 
ent  nations,  'ntirt 
but  the  print  ip.il 
whom  are  dill  injMii' 
I'liey  arc  .aretidutt 

trie  to  tyi 

count  of'^i 
bows  and  arrows, 
the  country,  they  (o 
No.  47. 


avcr(e  to  ryraiiny 
account  of'^ihe  tlex 


;.      -Ihc 
and  .■,n- 
null   villi 
r( ;  <,  ,l!;il 

I  oil  tilt  II' 
(l\\ A    U  ll'll 

.11 1'  in.ii'u- 
■  1  iiii .  ol 
ori-,l!u-<. 

llril'iiiicii 

II  II, H  k  1)1 
0|l,  V.  !':v  il 

I  (.tell  :i.u> 
lin  w.ii  il-i 

loll,  i>  ;n- 

ll.aii  ill'.  V 

K  iiu  iimi  (• 

.„  Inr  tl  o 

iir  tdH'li-, 

lui'  ll]>l>il 

Hiii  i>l  llic 

ilky  iircll. 

li  uridiioii 

ni'iiilriiitv. 

1  one  w  itc, 

h(iii:;li  li;.' 

liL'  latliLi'i 

IS  i,s  ill  the 
U'S.      'lIlc'V 

t  ir  w'.ii  Ilk,' 
111,11/1',  .mil 
iii.iriius  .11 

)(.1W  .liul  .11- 

b.ick  ;  and 
ari.i.-;. 
ciucr  In-  ot 
>  a  kind  ol 
iin  p.inu  u- 
m!  ,i  kind  ol 
>l  ilic  kuvt  > 

iirati'd  \\  iih 
i1j  ttic  bowl 
k,  .md  ilii  k 
ml  him,  lii-- 
1^  and  loud 
III  oli  iIk'ii' 
i)\y.  'I'luir 
I  iIr'  lioiili - 
ill  In  l()iii;i  d 
lu'ii  arc  di- 
li.iil  a  \iMr, 
I  him  will) 
lux-  (/f  loiiio 
till'  aiK  it  III 
the  iaiieiab 


If  rMciit,  :• 

ioi  iis  ol    ill, 

I  ol  Mcxn  <', 
I'll  by  NVw 
1.11.  .|0  dig, 

ol  the  Sp.i- 
;hi.s  tmiiiiiy, 
al  the  laii'.r 
,  c.xci.-pt  iliJt 
obiii^,  uboiic 
lijppi. 

Ti.'.i 


f 


AMF-RICA.l 


N  O  R  T  II    A  M  E  P.  I  C  A 


f^'i) 


This  country  may  be  roafulcrcd  :'s  cinipiciiciidcil 
under  the  govt: nnirnt  ot  I 'lorul.i.  li  \'.  is  ceded,  in 
{>ait,  to  the  I'nu,l)ih  by  'lie  neitv  ot  i -^6^,  and  by 
them,  logethcr  wiili  i.'"loiid.i,  ceded  to  tliC  S|i,iniards. 
.ici-oiilinp,  to  the  tre.nv  ot"  i  v<''.v  1  .o'liliaiia  is  rendered 
exi.eeJ.r.iii,ly  plc:ilant  :u)  1  feitile  bv  the  i)verli,)'vini^  ol 
ieveral  iivcrs  at  ecn.iiii  ic.lons.  The  riieiulowsarede- 
lipjiitki!,  and  well  a  lajited  to  ai'.rienlaii'e.  In  iome 
jiuii!.  ilie  ground  yields  two  or  three  crops;  t'orinthe 
winter  there  are  onlv  Ik  iv  i  .lin'-,  w'tliovii  .'.ny  nippiiip; 
trnll.^i  All  the  trees  kin.vii  in  b'.utopc  flourifli  here, 
log. ihcr  with  a  j>'c'at  vaiuf,  ot  others  iiiiknownto  us; 
Inch  as  the  tall  cedar,  wliiih  dil'ti!',  anodoiiferou;  ;.;iiin; 
.ind  the  cotton  iree,  which  is  ot  a  prodif!;ioiis  heiijlit. 
'I  lie  loil,  to  '.he  I'mithwa!,!,  is  adapted  lo  ilic  cultiva- 
tion ot  indi^^o  and  nee;  and,  '.o  the  noriliu  a;d,  lo  that 
oFwheat.  i  he  u  iiile  country  ahoiind>  with  variety  ot 
ganit,  t'owl,  and  ia;tle,  at.  1  all  the  iieceiliries  ot  lite. 

'1  he  rivers  ot  L.iMilian.-i,  helide^  'lie  .Mililllippi,  .ire 
v'-'t.  i-'ivuich,  thcHkiik  K-iver,  Mtd  the  Moliilc,  which 
wateis  a  very  line  t.act  ot  country,  and  torins  at  its 
mowth  a  ii'.'ljle  bav. 

In  the  hbjoi'tJiie.i;:-,,  .at  tl;?  iv.oiit!-.  ot"t!ie  MirifTip- 
pi,  i.s  the  town  oi  New  Oilcans,  tiie  capii  il  ot  l.joui- 
r.ari.i ;  both  ol"  '.vhirli  derivcii  their  n.ir.ies  troni  the 
Fro'.c!'.  New  Orleans  is  the  rcfidence  (  t  '.he  ;j,ovcr- 
rior,  grand  rounci],  and  c-'U.Ij  ot  nilU^c,  a.  N\e!l  as 
the  enipoiiiim  ot  l.nuiliani. 

The  orif.inal  inlial)iiants  of  this  country  ditl"er,  in 
p!;rnera!,  t'rom  thnCe  ofCan.uli,  lieino,  more  fprightly 
and  actr.'c,  and  lefs  th  )\if!;hitiil  and  morofe.  Ibev 
knew  nothinp,  of  any  inltnimcnis  mide  of  iron  ar.d 
fteel,  inuch  lefs  of  fire  arms,  till  tliC  coininc;  of  the 
iTcntli,  all  their  cut tin^j,  tools  bemj,'  \etv  iiiL^cnioufly 
made  of  lliarp  (lints,  a:,'  uled  with  ;',rc.u  'iexteritv. 
'I  heirpriiicipalornu.'iiei.ts  are  iiracelci  ,  pend.inis,  and 
cjl!;ir.s ;  fomc  of  which  arc  peail,  but  Ipoilcd  tor  want 
ot  kiiowiiir  in  what  iiianner  to  bore  them. 


N 


SECTION     lit. 
NEW  MEXICO  AND  C.XLIICRNIA. 

r.W  Mexico,  including  California,  is  2oco  miles 
lull;;,  and  I'loo  l)ro;ul.  It  is  boundetl  on  the 
c.ul  by  l.ouiliana,  on  the  Ibiith  by  Ncr  Spain,  or 
Mexico  I'loper,  on  tb.c  well  by  the  Giilj>h  ot  Calitor- 
ni.i,  and  on  the  north  by  hit;h  mountains.  It  is  litii- 
ated  between  25  and  ■^7  dcg'-'jcs  ot  north  latitude,  and 
between  94  anti  126  tlegrees  of  well  longitude.  1  he 
counry  is  watered  by  iivcrs  ami  rivulets.  The  priii- 
.  ipai  rivers  are  thole  callctl  theRioSolado.  and  liic  Rio 
del  None.  I  here  iiie  levcial  Imaller  ones  that  t.dl  1.1- 
to  tb.c  tjulph  ot  .Mexico;  and  l.mic  bavs,  ports,  and 
Lictkboillliat  co.ilijlliai  mi.-'Jit  be  c  inverted  into  g^ioil 
haibotirs,  were  the  Spaniards  poiletied,  in  anv  degree, 
of  thai  active  ("jnrit  whicli  ammares  the  other  maiitimc 
powers  ot  Europe.  The  lands  .ire  int;  Mecied  with  riling 
groiiiuls  and  teitile  pi  li-o,  covered  with  trees,  fomc 
of  which  .ire  (ii  \oy  timber,  and  other;  prodiii''  vari- 
ous loits  ot  fruits.  Here  arc  all  kinds  of  wild  and 
tame  cattle,  with  variety  offovil;  and  ilic  rivers  arc 
llored  will)  the  ■.  liouell  (iib. 

Santa  I'c,  ihe  cajiit  il  ot  Ne-.v  Mcx.co,  is  lituated  i  yj 
leiiuues  from  the  lea,  near  the  lource  of  the  river  Rio 
del  Norte.  It  is  .in  oj  uieiit  -.'M',  regulariv  built,  and 
tlie  lee  ot  a  billiop,  l"uirra';,an  .it  Moico,  as  well  ?.sth? 
feat  of  I  be  governor  of  the  comitiy,  who  is  lubortli- 
iiate  to  ihc  viceroy  ot  Mevico. 

NevvMexic'i  is  inhabited  by  a  gre;it  varic.  v  of  difl'er- 
ent  iiatiori,,j  -ntirely  uiiconnei^ied  wiib  each  other  ; 
but  ihe  priiu  ijial  ..re  the  Ai.iiehc!;,  the  Icveral  tribes  ot 
whom  arediilinguilhetl  by  their  town;,  andfettlemeius. 
Tlicy  are  arefohite  and warlikepeoiile,  fond  ofiiberty, 
averle  to  ryranny  anil  oiiprcfTion,  and  formitlable  on 
account  of  ilu  dexitriiy  wiih  whub  they  handle  ihcir 
bows  and  arrciws.  Whrn  tiie  Spamaitis  firlt  entered 
the  country,  they  found  ihcnii'ivespreiiy  wcllcluaihed, 
No.  47. 


their  lands  ■Cultivated,  their  villages  ne.tt,  ard  ilieir 
towns  built  of  llone,  in  which  they  dil'covered  lomc 
knowledge  Ot  architeclure,  no*^  drawn  from  the  rules 
ot  art,  but  the  ronvenience  dictated  bv  nature.  'I  hey 
v.ere  great  lovers  ol  mules  llclli,  and,  upon  that  ac- 
couiu,  trequent'.v  lei/.ed  the  mu'esbl  Spanilh  travel- 
leis,  leaving  tlicir  chi-ib  ofiilverupon  tb.e  road,  be- 
caul'e  they  let  no  Value  upon  tliat  metal.  Their  princes 
were  little  more  than  leaders  of  their  armies,  elected  at 
the  pleafuie  of  the  people  tor  their  wifdnm  or  valoiit. 
Thel'e  people  iiViy  now  be  laid  to  be  lather  the  allies, 
than  the  lubjects,  of  tlit:  Spaniards.  Tjie  Spaiii.irih 
have  been  rather  fiiaiing  in  iheir  accounts  of  this 
country,  which  nuil'.  b'j  imputed  either  to  their  itj- 
norance  Or  caution. 

California,  the  moll  noriherii  of  all  the  Spmifli  cio- 
minions  on  the  continent  ot  America,  tosvards  tb.c  I'a- 
citic  Ocean,  was  for  a  long  time  luppofed  to  be  an 
idand,  luit  at  lall  was  touiul  to  be  <jnly  a  peiiinfula, 
iliuing  from  the  noith  co.ills  ot  America,  and  extend- 
ing into  the  I'licitic  Ocean  "Soo  miles  from  Cape  '-e 
baiiian,  in  .].;  dc;.';.  ;o  min.  north  li'.'itude;  towardsthe 
Ibiith-eali,  as  lar  as  Ca(ie  ?i.  L.ocar,  in  2.1  deg.  30 
min.  north  latifide.  The  eallcrn  coail.  lies  nearly 
jiarallel  with  that  of  Mexico,  oppofite  to  it  ;  and  the 
lea  between  is  called  theGiilph  or  Lake  of  California) 
or  ihe  \'ermilion  I'lirpic  or  Ked  Sea. 

The  breadth  ol  the  peniniiila  is  very  unerjual.  To- 
\\  arils  tb.e  tuHth  ,t  is  near  200  miles  broad,  biit  at  the 
loutiiern  extremity  it  tapers  away,  and  is  fcarcely  ^u 
miles  over. 

Calilornia  was  firlT  dilcovercd  tobe  a  pcninfuLiby  a 
German  jeluit,  w  ho  landed  in  it  from  ihc  Illand  of  .Su- 
matra, and  palled  into  New  Mexico,  without  ciofilng 
any  other  water  than  Rio  Azul,  or  the  Blue  Rive.-, 
'the  more  fouihcin  part  v/as  known  to  the  Sjiimard': 
loon  at!er  the  dilcovery  of  Mc.xico,  torCortez  difco- 
vereil  it  m  15  ;i  :  but  they  did  not  jier.'jtrate  fir  into 
it  till  Iome  time  alter,  contenting  tbemfelves  with  ih,; 
pearl  lilhery  on  the  coai't. 

It  was  vitited  by  our  cotmtryman  Sir  Francis  Drake 
in  1 1578,  who  called  it  New  .Mbion,  and  took  poflelFioii 
of  it  in  the  naiiicoft'^icen  Eli/.tbcth,  fincewhich  fme, 
however,  the  Engliih  have  nuide  no  prctenlions  to  it. 

In  lummer  the  heats  .ire  violent  .ilong  the  coails, 
but  '.ip  the  country  tlicair  is  more  temperate,  and,  in 
winter,  lometimei  cold.  Mowever,  in  lb  extenfive  a 
country,  there  mull  be  great  variations  both  of  foil 
and  climate  1  and  though  upcin  a  general  view,  Ca- 
litorma  appe.us  lather  roiigb,  cr.igjv,  and  luipro- 
miling,  with  due  culture  it  would  bnnilli  mcfl  of  the 
nc-cllaiics  ot  lite. 

1  he  country  pi odiices  timber  fit  foi-  Ih:p-bui!di:i2, 
and  has  mull  ot  the  iiuits  to  be  loiind  ir.  other  part.of 
Amcriia.  Here  is  alpecies  of  i.iaatui,  fuppofed  to  fail 
with  the  ill  ,v,  and  to  liecome  inlpiliated  on  the  leave: 
ot  tlie  trees.  Hoianitls  are  agreed  that  this  manna  ija 
juice  oo/.iiig  from  the  tree;  though  the  natives  think 
that  it  ihops  from  heaven. 

With  rel[>e'i  to  animals  here  ,irc  deer,  of  which 
two  kinds  are  pciibai'  to  tlie  country;  a  particular 
Ipecic^  ot  ibecp,  ivitl'aloes,  beavers,  or  animals  much 
iclembling  ibein.a  peculiar  fj^e^ies  of  wild  dogs,  lions, 
wild  cats,  and  many  other  wild  bealts.  The  horles, 
mules,  alfcs,  oKcn,  tin  Cji,  hogs,  goats,  and  other 
i|uadriipcd,.  ih.it  h.ive  l.icen  imported  hither  tioin 
Spain  and  Me.^ico,  multiply  cxcef.dingly.  Of  the  two 
fpecies  ofileci  pc!  uli.irtoCabtornia,  tluit  called  by  fhe 
natives  taye  is  greatly  eileemed,  and  eat  with  the  tame 
relilb   IS  \emlon  by  many  I'.urope.ins. 

Of  the  teathei'.'d  kind  l;ere  isgreat  variety  1  m  p'afri- 
tiilar,  the  coall  is  plentitully  tlocked  with  peacocks, 
bullards,  gccl'e,  cranes,  vultiire.s,  giill.<  which  arc 
larger  than  gcefe,  cormorants,  mews,  ipiails,  linnets, 
larks,  nli'.htiiigales,  and  many  oiher  (pecics. 

The   liiultiiude  and  varied'  ol  tilli  with  wdiich  the 

Gulph  ol  Calitornia,  the  J'acilic  Ocean,  and  the  riven 

arc  fuj'plietl,  is  almoll  iiK".'edib!e.    .SaJiucn,  tmbor, 

6  N  birbel, 


if.    ■:'    Uff 


'.,         i. 


|ii!:i:||'||l^l 


■I 


n 


1  '  ,i'd  '11 


n 


5 


:a 


A  Ni  W,  ROVAl.  A- 


AITHIINTIC  ?YSTi:lVt  ok  lKi\  1.!'-  ■  M  ,  i  ,1/;C;^APIIY 


Inrbc',  Ikatc,  m.irk\icl,  p 


ilch.irds.  tl 


.ks.r. 


l>oiict.i';,  :iiul  minv  oilier  1 
vcrv  little  troiilMi- ;  r  v.> 


Jth 


pi'cifs,  arc  cm 


iiion  civlhrs,  ciav  filh,  lohllcrs. 


er  Willi  pearl  oyltcr,,  co:n 


;ht  h 
Ik 


C  C  WItll 


tl. 


aiut 


a  vaiictt'  I) 


ic  ihcl!  fiHi.     l-lo\wvcr,  ot"ilieiiil:u  ciiu.oi 


lllil    lllKMVClC 

in  the  \  CM  I  •; 


.\ 


li  it  v.eli-(,iunv 


n  f;i  lat  cailcit  t'jl  ac . 


t  cx- 
llu-U 


kiiiii,  the  ;noit  rv*i:virkalilc  ,iiul  abiiiiil.ip.t  i-.  th'.tonuiic, 
cwi'ju  ill  tiie  litnuirt  pKniv  \ip,in  the  co.itU.  On  the 
I'oiit'h  co.i'1  -.'Mo  is  a  lliell  liili  the  mci\\  licaiitihil  that 
can  he  i;-;i.i-;iiu'.|,  hAivx,  ot  an  tlci'i'i;  viviil  blue  I'l- 
loiir,  like  il'.c  lapis  la/aili. 

Calit'orriia  at1oi<i>  one  of  th.e  irhtd  pear!  fidicrie';  in 
the  wri  LI,  and  is  liktwife  thoiit'ht  to  have  niiiie'. 

InlCi"!--  t'v.rni  here,  a?  in  molt  warm  countries;  y:'t 
tlicy  arc  ■'.ct'^e;  f-.i  numerous  ortroiibldonie  as  iw  loine, 
oii.ic.  V,:-  !  Mt  t'le  (Irvncl'-ol'the  Toil  and  climate. 

'i'licic  r(  t  vo  Lfnilficralile  rivers  inCilitbrnia,  vi/.. 
UioC'->l'  ■  -•..•>.  ar.d  Ri  )dii  C.irmel ,  with  feveral  liiial'ei 
0:ea'ii;.,  ..  j  tine  ;'')>•  ,  t  .u  -,  creeks,  and  ruadi,  liotli 
un  tiie  ■  i\  '■■!.■''  <i''- 

In  !/  i.  ;  '  'T  t!-.'  ^.luntrv  there  arc  plains  ot  lalt, 
qu!tc  firm,  i..  .  , 'eir  a»  - 'vihil,  w.uch.  contidcruu;  tlic 
v.i;t  quantity.-  it'n'.V.  •>:  .\''  '.ovts  toiimi  iicrc,  might  be 
of  crcat  acivaiitare  U   ai.>  civilized  nition. 

'I'hc  original  I::i'.ians  uh  i  i;ihabit  C.diiornia  are,  in 
<:eneral,  well  formed  ,iiid  robiiil,  of  a  healthy  counte 
nance,  bu:  lv...rfhy  ciimpltxion.  Their  habitations  arc 
wretchcil  lnus  built  near  the  few  dreams,  wells,  and 
ponds  found  i".  the  c^iiinriv.  As  they  are  tnuler  i!ie 
nccciiitv  uf  t'req\ient  mi\;iaiioi>  'ii  fearch  ot  tood,  they 
cafdv  fliift  their  reiidcnce,  it  rc.;'i;;-int;  onlv  the  labour 
ot  a  lev;  h.MMs  to  in.:'., I  a  little  lialiitation  lilted  tor  all 
tlieir  piirt.  lies  ;  aiul  u  is  ulnal  with  them,  in  the  levc- 
rit\  of  wintir,  !  i  '.;v;  in  I'uH.tt-.ianeoi's caverns.  Their 
furniture  a;-.d  jv,v,--iiv  c.>nlid-  of  implements  for  filli- 
ini;,  hf.iuinj,  ana  wa.,  i;i  ••.■.itch  mol>  of  thcirtinic  is 
fpent.  1  heir  boats  i.c  ■y.\\ .  -af'.s ;  and  their  arms  are 
bows,  air;)w%  and  iiia|.'''l  idubs. 

Thedicfsofthe  men  i.  !.  -.icm  ^rethan  apirdlcroimd 
the  wiilt,  with  a  few  ornain.-nt'  mout  their  hair,  'I  lie 
\-  -jmcr.  ^vcar  t'r.cir  h.air  l.i-fe.  Thcv  have  alio  a  kind 
of  cloak  atid  pct'icoat,  made  of  palm  leaves  ;  fime 
wear  fillets  of  r.car  net-work.  Their  arms  arc  likcwilc 
frequently  adorned  viih  net  work,  or  llrings  of  pcarh 
in  the  form  ot  bracelets.  The  love  of  ornament  pre- 
vails amorg  'he  'v.^nen  more  than  amon^  the  men. 

Their  pu  atc.l  in(:rnuu\  iippearsin  their  tilliinf;nets, 
v/iiich  arc  macivi  ■•vith  admi  able  fkill,  olvaiious  co- 
lours, and  llicii  .lixcruy  ot  texture  and  wotkmanllrip, 
as  cannot  be  lU'.i  i  I'v.d, 

Thev  have  a  W\-i:\  l."Uval  at  the  gathering,  in  of  the 
fruits  oj' tilt  e:uth,  \>.;ien  they  uidtilLie-  thcmlclves  in 
fcalliii<T,  d.;ncini^,  an'.',  mirili. 


S  i:  C  T  1  ()  N     IV. 

Old)  MEXICO,  on   NFAV  SPAIN. 

■■,■.,■,•..'..,  l'.\u-':f,  lit'U'r.Lirii-i,  l't:,r::oUs,  /Inimals,, 
y^■  ■  •..■,  /■-//',  Aiiidcs  ut  -iiii.if.  Mints,  Divifuim, 
■■  ■■■''  C.itf:  .;■/./  Tl'  I'l-,  li;!:..rtunis,  I'crjo-u,  Dij'po- 
_/■>,!... ..,   .W;  ,.7iTj-,  Cnf  •',■,  i-\, 

OI  .1'  M'M.  ■,!,  or  New  Spiin,  the  full  valuable  ac- 
i.|i,.'  -I'lii  of  the  Sp.uuaids  cm  the  lontinetu  ot 
America,  lie  b't'.'.'ci. n  7  dc-  y^  mm.  and  ;o  ilei^.  40 
rwin.  noitii  l.ttiiMd',  is  2nr,c  miles  long,  600  broad, 
vLcre  uidc;;,  .md  has  the  llihmus  ot  i)arien  on  the 
l'outli,,Ne.v  M(.  xIk)  0:1  the  north,  the(ju!pli  ot  Mexico 
on  tilt  call,  :uid  rill-  Oct  an  on  the  well. 

TIkic  aie  tome  mountains  on  the  wcflein  coaf\  ot 
Ne'A  .Spain,  ne.ir  the  iVniiu:  Ocean,  molt  ot  which  arc 
I. lid.  to  be  \  ilcanoi.  Seveial  iivtrs  rile  111  thclc  inoiiii- 
tiiiis,  .lid  t.dl  foiiic  i:ito  th.e  (mlph  of  Mexico,  anti 
I  iiu-  into  the  South  Sea,  on  buili  ofwhicli  there  are 
levei.il  capes  atui  b.iys.  Amotut,  the  ii,i\  ■. on  the  gulph 
arr  thoIc  ofCatnpeaihy  and  Hoiuli.r.us,  In  the  Jiic.itan, 
..  Inrt^ftpcninfulaii'.  tlu;('ulph  ot  Mexico^  thei^paniards 


Ite  .ur<.t  iliiN  covtiirv  !•-  tem.icr.uc,  coillideiin'j;  i! 


iitiiaiiiiii  111 
the  latter  eiu 


tiie  I' 
i  of  At 


)l  lUl    /oi 


1  he  railiv  le.il.)ii  bciiin 


continues  lit 


."ptc 


beiiiL;  prcteded  hy  terriide  duims  which  are  to  vaiie 
tvited,  that  the  «  Hid  bl.).vstiom  alinoll  everv  point  of 
ilic  heawins,  intiealini'their  torv  ilailv  till  ilie  month 
or  June,  at  which,  time  the  vaui  tall-;  a^  U  aU-ioiid  iL- 
Iii;i,e  wetc  to  enlue. 

No  contui  V  iinvkr  heaven  aliouiids  more  v.-::li  i.»r:;in, 
delicious  fruits,  roots,  and  vei',eiables,  minv  of  wlurli 
are  peculiar  to  it,  or  at  leail  to  Ameiica.  Oitliefethe 
moll  icinaikabL-  .11  c  bambjo'-,  mangroves,  and  log- 
wood, .\liuli  v;row  on  tlieioalls  ;  red  and.  white  cotton 
trees,  iCvlns  blood-wood,  and  maho,  oi  wliich  tlic 
n:iti\  cs  make  rojiv'-,  ind  tables ;  light  wo  jJ,  of  wIulIi 
thev  make  lloali,  bei;U!,  .is  liilht  a^  toik  ;  wiiitc  wood, 
the  cabbaij.c  tree,  the  c.iliballi,  cocoa,  and  vanilla^ 
whicti  the  Spaiii.irds  lall  bexaco,  orbainilla;  plan- 
tains, ban.uias,  pine  apji'cs,  lai:adilli),  avogato  p4ar, 
mammee,;r.ainmee-l:'-'.;oia,  g,iape,  jiiickle,  bibby,  and 
other  curiotis  tiuit-trees;  helideswhii.li,  the  Spaniards 
have  intioducett  moll  ot  tiic  Luropean  fruit.;.  Me.^cico 
alio  prodiicesthe  poilonoiis  inanclunecl  apple,  goiirtls 
ot  a  piodit!,iiai5  li/.c,  melons,  fiik-urals,  tamarinds,  and 
locuil  treci  ;  the  little  black,  white,  and  boracliKj 
l.tjiota  tree- ,  tiie  lall  ot  wliicli  t  ikes  it'-  name  from  the 
inebiiatinp,  ipialitv  ot  the  tiuit.  To  thele  we  may  adil 
die  lireiiaiUllode  China,  i  ice;iinH;-[;lant,  and  the  iiiay- 
hev,  uliich  turnilhc-.  the  native-,  v.irh  thicad  tor  linen 
and  cor.iane,  and  alto  a  bilfarn  md  liquor,  which, 
when  Kinicntcd,  in  as  ple;il.iiit  a:;d.  llroiig  as  wine. 
I'roni  iliiv,  too,  is  dillilleil  a  llojiij;  Ipiiii,  whicli  i, 
not  unliki  'iir.ndy. 

Other  vaii.al  le  producti.Jiis  ot  Ncv  Sp.iin  arc  copal, 
aninie,  tac.imahaca,  earanu  a.  liquid  amber,  anil  oil 
ot  amber.  Hallam  ot  Peru  is  alto  tountl  in  iMexicc, 
guaiacuin,  Chm.i-toot,  laiiaparilla,  and  the  rjot  me- 
choiM  m,  v.hji.li  .lie  well  known,  to  diugeiils  and  apo-- 
tliecaties,  and  of  excellent  ufc  in  a  variety  ol  diliem- 
pei-.  Hefides  tiic  mai^e,  or  native  p;rain  of  Mexico, 
iheSpatiiard5ha\eintrotkii.ed  the  ute  of  bailey,  wheat, 
peas  tirans,  and  other  grain. 

I  lie  luimbers  ot  homed  cattle  here  are  immenle, 
many  of  themiunning  wild.  Theirllelli  turns  to  little 
account  by  realon  of  the  extreme  he.it;  but  their  hides 
and  t,illo>v  are  pro.luCtiveot  gie, it  advantages.  Swine 
are  \ery  luinieroiis,  and  their  lard  ismucii  in  reipiell, 
and  tiled  inllcad  of  butter  throue,liout  the  country. 
Sheep  are  likcwilc  numerous,  but  their  wool  is  ot  iiu 
crcat  contideration,  being  liaiiy  and  llioii,  Tliereaie 
Icveral  torts  ot  reil  and  fallow  deer,  liaies,  i.ibbii>, 
Iquiiicis,  toxe«,  lackalls,  monkiC',  and  div\r-.  other 
aninials. 

VN  nil  relpect  to  the  fe.itlicrcd  race,  there  are,  in 
Mexico,  tame  poultry,  tiirkies,  pnlgeons,  parrots,  pa- 
roquets,  macaws,  huinming  buds,  eaj'les,  vulture*, 
pelicans,  corinoi.iin-,  bats,  and  atnultuu.lc  ot  other 
Ipctics. 

On  the  coalU.ind  b.mksof  rivers  arc  cau^dit  aliiga- 
tors,  turtle,  I'.iiaciad,  gar  lilli,  mullets,  and  ii.a^ka- 
rel,  whicU  releinble  thole  ot  Kurope,  liut  arcot  a  veiy 
large  li/.e.  1  i.eie  ar.-  oylleis  and  muH'cls  of  a  [nodi- 
giou'    li/e,  alio  gieat  plenty  ot   loblleis,  crabs,  and 

llulll'.p'  , 

'1  he  jiiiiuipal  trading  commixlities  of  New  Spain 
arc  wool,  ..otton,  liigar,  lilk,  cochineal,  clvicol.ite, 
featheis,  honey,  billims,  drugs,  dycnn',  woods,  lalt, 
tallo^N,  hides,  tibacLo,  gingei,  amber,  peat  I.,  pre- 
cious lloiies,  jalpei,  pj.pliyty,  exqui"te  iiiaible,  and 
gold  a  id  liKer, 

The  go!  i  .and  lihi.r  mints  arc  four>d  in  ttie  rocky 
barren  parts  ot  the  country.  Thta-c  art  leveial,  it  I'j 
I'.tid,  ot  the  toriiier,  and  no  fewer  tti:in  lO'jo  of  the 
latter.  Gold  isallotound  in  grains, or  dull,  in  the  lands 
of  rivers  and  torrents.  Whoevei  dilluvers  a  mine  of 
gold  or  lilver  is  u  liberty  to  wo'k  ic,  paying  ilic  kin^j 


A'wF.lllCA.] 

a  teiit!i  of  the  producl, 
yaids  round  the  place  i 
filver  and  gold,  cither 
tcred  in  the  royal  excli 
11  itv\ithll.iivrmg  great  c 
no  [-.{:<  than  1,000,00  > 
ounces  each,  arc  entc 
torn  700,000  in.irks, 
pieces,  rials,  an<l  halt  [ 
iieiii";  about  tlirce-peni 

The  whole  of  the  tin 
Sp  miili  American  dor 
c.iilcit  the  II  na,  wdiicl 
fine  1  to  I  a  \'ira  Cm/., 
lire.ik  bulk,  on  any  ai 
W  hen  all  the  griods  ar 
\ci  1 1  ruz,  the  fleet  tak 
cochineal,  indigo,  coi 
■.'.  iiich  ,ire  the  rtturtis  I 
thf-y  fill  to  the  \  lav  in 
lfnd"'Vous,  where  th? 
.;io:hir  fleet,  which 
♦' . .111.1,  liy  Cartliagen.i 
!'..;(  i-l-ello;  in  tiie  Ian 
K,-  V  Spun.  \V'l;c.;i  the 
.,;id  K)i:'.s  the  galiconsai 
H'  I  lie  fame  jiort  trom  a 
iiid  bed  I'.uling  \rne! 
w  iiii  auvice  ol  tlic  cot 
VI  .11  as  with  treafiire  ai 
loiit  :u.u  |U(K;e  whut  u 
a;id  V.  h.  it  coiuov  1 ,  nci 

Ke  -iit'.r  ihip.-  iire  I 
.ii'.ISeviUe,  KWi  n  they 
'  d  .It  .'.in  p.uccui.ir  pk, 
c  n   IS  tc)  petition  the  c 
'  c  iviid  I  iliqi  ot  <oo  t 
I     t.      T;iey  pav  45  >: 
li.'e..  pielcius  to  tiie  cli 
iiiv  iiu  e  n''i  cll'aiy  t)  tli 
i.aiv  c,i\\\  to  300  toii- 
K  l.fim  Ids  than  60a. 
r.l  U  the  pietcndcd  b 
a  >  e;nlic.itc  lie  b.oi"-'' 
put  to  which  llie  1 
l!u-  li/e  .11  which  Ilic 
(.  c.c'.le.      Idiefe  are 
111'  tlicfe  the  trade  of 
on  foi  tome  years  p 

Old  Mexioisdiv 
jncnls,  lallcd  audi 
v,  lucii,  though  und 
cide  all  civi!  and  cri 
p  .int  of  trull  and  j)c 
nilli  monarch  his  h 
).'  lied  government  e 
if.n  iieiiiier  the  vii  t 
1  1  hold  111'.  ;i')lt  Ion 
.  i!f,  the  mile,.ibie 

l.ilMclty     clt   'W  cr  \ 

t  •■lad  il.i\at  I,  M-..>.i< 
>  K  II  ilieir  r,'l;;ei'iis 
'  >ii,l,i.;l  1  \.\\:\  vv  Ci 
I  '\.iia  l'ic;pi-r,  ani 
M.-  iicMcaii,  .\lc-\ 
J  .:.t:U!.'  I  h.  le  ot 
I'l'  per,  (londicra- 
c'iMi  i  I-  h.ive  their 
t.he  I  a;;i'.il  wt  the  p: 
I  cpulous  ai.d  neat 
li'vcr.d  chuii  he-,  ,1 
\e:ii'.  tor  b  .th  lexe 
.Nf Mc  c),theKa[)ii 
i;i  tl.c'  iii'ddle  ot  a  v 
tilde  ic|  deg.  -i-o 
i.iulph  of  All  X  ICO. 
inj'.l  citivs  III  the  u; 
i;;d  e:w.iiliy  dtlp^'U 


Its 

)ci',iir. 
iiibc;  , 
v.u  ic 
iim  ot 
lujiuh 
I.M.- 

wll!(  !l 

l02- 
.'ottou 
.h  the 

•.void, 

i^lan- 

liard^ 

1  ex  ICO 


^pim 


;\nU 


A'mF.kICA.] 


NORTH     AMERICA. 


nr!i  f^f  the  p 


V.lKl 


111' 111, I  tt 


filvLT  ai\i 


Vuliici,  a 
'  plai  c  lip 
t idler  '.'. 


A  i; 


umiii''  ii.iiiic 


Ifwiih 


II  wliu  h  he  lias  iixed.  All  the 


u  red  ill  the  royal  exclit'tj 
thiLuvli 


ir  loiiiul  ill  {grains,  is  en- 
lUi  ;  a:ul  it  i'  reported,  that, 
II  it-A  I  till  taivhii;:;  threat  quant  iiiesareniii  and  concealed, 
ii:)  IcI'm  than  i,ooo,oo  3  otiilver  'iiarks,  weigliinp;  eitz,lu 
I'linces  each,  arc  emcret!  ye  uiy,  out  ot  winch  they 
(oin  7:10,000  marks,  into  pieces  ot  eight,  cpiarkr 
{■icvc<,  rial-.,  and  halt  pieces  ;  the  value  ut  the  latter 
iieiii',';  about  three-pence  (U'ilinj^. 

riie  whole  of'ihe  iiac  c  liciwecn  Old  Spain  and  the 
Spuiiih  American  doini.iions,  is  by  means  ot  a  fleet 
caiicil  the  Una,  which  i- tittcd  out  at  Cadiz,  aiiddcl- 
nie  1  to  I  a  \'i  la  Ciu/..  Tiiclhipsare  not  permitted  to 
lirc.ik  bulk,  on  any  arcounr,  till  they  arrive  there. 
W  hen  all  the  p.'iods  are  landed  and  dilpofcd  of  at  La 
Veia  Cruz,  the  fleet  takes  in  the  plate,  precious  Ihnies, 
c'ichiiieal,  iiidig'.),  cocoa,  loiiKco,  lugar,  and  hides, 
•..hich  are  the  returns  tor  Old  Sp.i.in.  I'Vom  Vera  Cruz 
ilify  (ail  to  i!ie  I  liv  iiinah,  w  liich  is  the  phice  ot  iheir 
ifiid'-'voiK,  wlicre  thrv  ui'  ct  tlu- ;'-ineons,  Thelearc 
;ic>;hcr  fleet,  which  cariv  on  all  the  trade  of  Terra 
J'.,(iii,  bvCanha'.'ena ;  and  of  I'eni,  by  I'anama  and 
fi-.-ri-I'-ello;  in  tlie  lame  manner  as  the  tloM  I'crves  tor 
N.-vS[>Ain.  W'licn  the  flota  arii\ci  at  the  Havannali, 
Mii.l  i.iiiis  the  jMlieonsaiul  rci;iilerlhios,\\  Inch  allemble 
H'  ilie  laini' port  trom  all  (piartcis,  ionie  ot  tliecleanell 
,iiid  be<t  ('■.ilinu;  \.-flVls  ire  dilparclied  to  Old  Spain, 
^>ith  auviee  ol  ilu-  content'^  ot  thcle  Itveial  fleets,  as 
M  .11  a-i  v.ii!!  tvea'.jre  and  ;;■>  ids  ot  their  own,  that  the 
lo'ui  may  |iid;^e  w  h.t  diitv  --prcpcrto  litlaitl  on  them, 
u;iil  whit  ciMUOv  1,  iiectlia:-\  for  their  lati'ty. 

Re  riitcrlhip.-  are  lent  out  by  merchants  at  Cadiz 
.indSc'ville,  w;ii  n  they  |!:d'.-'' that  ir,oods  nuill  be  waiu- 
'  A  at  :'.ii\  piit.chl.u- i  .11'. s  1.:  i!'e  Well  Iiuiics.  Their 
.<  ^\  IS  to  p;t;uoii  tlie  c.nin.  il  ol  tlic  Indies  for  a  licenle 
'  •  f.-iid  1  :lup  ot  rJOf.'iis  Inirthen,  or  under,  to  that 
I  i.  'l':iev  pav  40  or  :^o  dollars  tor  this  licenfe,  bc- 
tiJe.,  prcleiits  to  the  (>tficers,  in  proponuin  to  the  con- 
iiiv  nice  neiellaiy  ritlu-  deliwn;  tor  tlu)iii;h  the  licenle 
i.;iis  oalv  to  30.S  toiii.,  at  moil,  tiic  vellel  .itted  out  is 
!^  Idoiii  leli;  than  600.  The  lliip  and  car^!,o  arc  legitlcr- 
fA  u  the  pretcndcil  burthen.  It  is  recjuircd,  too,  that 
it  I  e.iilicate  lie  brought  from  the  king's  otlicerat  that 
put  to  which  the  is  bjunil,  that  Ihf  does  not  exceed 
the  iize  ai  which  llie  is  re^iileied.  Ail  this  palles  of 
I. .Mile.  Iditl'e  are  wlia;  tiiey  call  ret^ilter  iliijis,  and 
bv  ihel'e  the  trade  of  Spanilh  Ameri'.a  has  been  tamed 
0:1  foi  loine  years  path 

Old  Mexico  is  diviiled  into  three  dill:  i.'li  or  govern- 
ment', i.illcii  audiences,  as  having  lovercigu  courts, 
v.  liicii,  tl'.ouf^h  under  theinlpeOtion  of  the  viceroy,  de- 
ci.le  all  civi!  and  criminal  caies.  His  employment,  in 
p  .:;it  ot  trull  and  jiouer,  is  one  of  the  grewtell  tlieSpa- 
iiilli  iiioiiarih  I'.i--  111  his  nitt  ;  and  it  is,  perhip«,  the 
I ,'  hell  ui)vcrnment  cntiuliedto  anv  fubici't  iiitlie  wcirld. 
|{ui  neiiiier  the  vii  ci.iy  or  any  other  odicer  i'  luti'ered 
1  1  luilil  l;r  poll  longer  than  three  years.  'I'his  bein^;  the 
'  '.le,  the  milciable  inhabitants  become  a  prey  to  the 
iipaciiy   ot''\riv   ne»v  povcrivjr.      The  dillricts  are 

*  •ua.' ilaxas  1,  Mexico,  an  It  i.'.aumala.co'iiprclieiulin;:; 
'  u  11  ilitir  rci;'.ci'iiM- provinces  as   follow.      Thole  ot 

•  lua.i.d  I  s.ua  I'e  Cii  iloa,  Culiacan,  Xildc  >,  t^Juada- 
|.\.iia  I'lopc'i,  and  Ne-v  tTil'cav.  Thi'.e  of  Mexico  arc 
M  .■  iio  icaii,  .\lc.x!'  o  I'r.jper,  'Tlal'c;ila,  Guaxaca,  and 
j  ,  :.r;i!i.  I  1).  le  ot  i.';  .ttiiiiala  arc  Ciiiapa,  (juatimala 
I'r  per,  (londtiras  Co,;  I  Ricca,  and  V'ei.it^ua.  i'hete 
i!i.oil-  li,ive  their  iclpcitive  capitals.  Cjuadalaxara  is 
iiK  1  .i;;i'al  ,)f  iho  [>riui;.ceot  th,it  n.ime,  And  ir  a  \m'^<-, 
I  .|iulou<,  ai.d  neat  li'.e,  coiitainiiit!;  Ipatioiis  llrctis, 
Irvci.d  cluuche-,  a  Itaiely  cathedral,  and  lomc  con- 
venis  tor  l,i  .th  lexcj. 

.NT  xico,  the  capital  of  the  cHJicnccof  Mexico,  Hinds 
111  tl.f  ui'd  lie  ot  a  great  lake  ot  its  own  name,  in  iti- 
tiide  in  lU'g.  .\.n  min.  about  170  mihs  well  of  the 
i.iu'ph  <j'i  Mexico.  In  pwiiu  o\  rc^^ulaiity,  it  exceeds 
mj,t  cliles  ill  the  uaivcric;  thellrects  bcin-j,  I'l  llrait;'it, 
i:;J  eiiactiy  dilpokd,  ihat  I'toai  any  pari  ol  the  town 


the  whole  is  vili 


aitilleiy,  togi 


■ih 


Tlie  v/ant  of  u, 'tis,  walls,  ant' 
ththe  lisc  great  cauieway-deadin 


to  the  citv,  rcndeia  Mexico  exticinely  remarkable.  All 
the  liuildinpjs  arc  convenient;  but  the  public  edifices, 
efpecially  the  cluiiclies  and  convents,  are  magnificent. 
Here  are  i-<)  cathedi,ils  and  churches,  and  22  m  jnalle- 
iiesaiul  nunneiies.  Bclldes  there  arefeveral  hofpitals, 
which  are  richly  endowed,  and  amongll  the  reltisone 
lor  youii^;  iiwids  who  are  let't  oijilians.  'The  lcver,il 
trades  hai'c  their  iel"pec'^ive!l;ee:s :  a  very  Ipaciousoiie, 
that  r  1111  the  li:piare,  belongs  to  tlie  goldtiniths. 

'I'lie  Ih  e  tiirnilhed  v.'itli  Inch  a  variety  of  brilliant 

arncle..,  as  to  exhibit  a  Uiflre  no';  to  be  paralleled  in 
any  part  of  the  known  world.  'The  citv  is  lupplied 
with  freili  water  from  a  hill  at  ihrce  miles  diftance,  to 
which  an  aqueduct,  lupported  on  ilroiig  arclics,  ex- 
tends from  the  city. 

Another  p'uicc  worthy  of  notice  i.n  this  diflrici  i5 
Acapulco,  which  Hand-  in  1  7  dci^.  north  latitude,  on  i 
Lay  of  the  South  Sea,  about  210  miles  fijudi-eatt  froin 
Mexico.  The  haven  is  large  and  commodious,  and 
theentianre  lecured  by  a  tl.u  ifland  running  acrof^  at. 
t.icli  end  ot  which  is  a  deep  channel,  lufficiently  broad 
tor  tjie  gicuelt:  vctiels.  'The  only  inconvenience  is, 
that  lliips  mull:  enter  by  the  lea  wind,  and  go  out  by  the 
land  breeze,  which  tekiom  fail  to  lucceeil  each  other 
akeinatcly  ;  lo  that  they  are  trequcntlv  blown  oti" to 
tea  alter  repeated  aitempis  tuiiiakethe  harbour.  'The 
town  is  large,  but  ill  built;  and  a  part  of  it  conli^t-  -^f 
warehoules.  The  climate  heie  it  unliealthy,  and  earth- 
quakes very  c.immon.  During  the  f.ui,  after  the  ar- 
rival of  the  Lima  and  M.milla  Ihips,  the  town  is  fo  cx- 
ccliively  crowded,  th.'.t  gieat  iiutiibeis  aie  obliged  to 
j'lich  tents  in  the  neiu,libourhooil  tor  their  accommo- 
dation. It  Is  I'lppoled  that  the  Manill.i  galleon  cariics 
otT  t'rom  Acapulco  .it  leait  10,000,000  of  dollars,  in 
return  for  the  ^ootls  Hie  bring5thither,and  for  tin;  pay- 
ment of  the  Spanilh  garrilons  in  the  Philippine  lilts. 
In  the  province  of  Tl.ilc.-''.i,  in  this  dillnd,  is  the 
city  of  LaVera  Cruz,  or  L'lva,  fituated  on  the  Gulpli 
ot  .Mexico,  al.iout  70  leagues  from  the  capital.  It  is 
very  lliong,  both  by  art  and  nature,  being  the  great 
mart  of  all  the  Spanilh  trade  in  the  North  Sea,  and  has 
a  late  commodious  harbour.  The  air,  however,  is  lb 
unhealthy,  that  few  Spaniards  of  dillinction  make 
their  common  relidence  in  It. 

Ciiiatimala,  the  capital  of  the  audience  :'nd  province 
ol  that  name,  is  titu.ited  on  a  beautitul  plain,  and  is 
well  built  and  inhabited.  1  he  cathedr.il  and  paiilh 
(lunches  nre  elegant  and  I'umptuous;  and  here  are  two 
tine  monaileiies,  a  nunnerv,  and  an  hofpital. 

In  the  provinceof  Jucatan  is  ttietown  ot  Campeachy. 
It  has  a  hnc  appearance,  being  bi.ilt  of  llone,  and  cn- 
compatled  with  a  good  wall,  and  has  a  ihong  citailel. 

The  prelent  inhabitants  of  Mexico  are  a  mixed  peo- 
ple, compoled  ot  the  iwtive  Indians  and  the  Negroes; 
and  thcdtjlccn.lantscif  thelearedividcd.inddiftinguilh- 
eil  by  various  names,  as  Creoles,  Mellizes,  Meilichcs, 
Terctroons,  and  (^ii  utcroons.  Ihe  jliueof  an  I'luio- 
pean  and  Negro  is  called  a  Mulatto  :  betides  which 
there  is  a  mixed  breed  of  Negroes  and  Indians,  which 
is  generally  deemed  the  lowell  r.iiik  of  the  people. 

With  rel'pcct  to  the  perlons,  dilpoiitions,  cultomo, 
and,  indeed,  gencial  character  ot  the  .Mexicans,  or 
I'lee  Indians,  we  are  enabled,  throu;!,h  t.vvoiir  of  a  cor- 
relpondeat,  to  prelent  our  readers  with  the  following 
mod  genuine,  as  well  as  modem,  account  that  can 
pollibly  be  given. 

'I'he  Mexicans  are,  in  common,  of  good  ftaturc,  and 
wcU-propoitioncd  form.  'Their  complexion  is  a  deep 
olive.  'I  hey  have  narrow  foreheads;  black  eyes;  lirm, 
legulav,  black  teeth;  bl.ick,  coart«,  gloll'v  h,iir;  thin 
beards;  and  gencially  iiohair  on  tiuir  legs.tlifghs,  and 
arms,  Some  tribes  look  upoi;  flat  mles  as  a  gteat 
beamy.  Alrnoll  all  the  Mexicans  paint  tiieir  bodies 
I  with  tliv:  figures  of  various  birds  and  L.'alls,  and  anoint 
them  with  oil  or  fat.  .Scir.e  tribes  are  tloathed;  but 
the  men  of  other;,  go  almoit  quite  naked.  TlicMcxi- 

canj, 


m 


■|IH 


I  1 


n 


i 


P 


4f.. 


1- 


VI 3 


i^ 


\t< 


A  NEW,  RO\AL  anp  AUTHl^NTlC  SYSTKM  of  I'Mv  Kk^Al.  C.V.O  -.RAPir 


cans,  in  {rt-'icral,  have  tlicir  notes,  lirs,  cars,  nccki 


and 


IS,  ailoriicil  \\n\ 


]iea 


ris  and  other  ieuelh,  or 


ic  jikice  inr  die  pe 


itoi  ri:\iu"e 


1i 


tnhee  \\m',  tr 
the  alia 


I', 
whuiii,  on 


1 


/  le:ii|ile,  mtl'. 
he  luiiiiilers  \, 


trinkcis  made  ot  gold,  filver,  or  foine  oiliei  metal.  i 
There  arc  very  few  deformed  perlons  in  Mexico, 
wliere  it  would  be  more  ditrirult  lo  tind  a  hiinle  hump- 
backed, lame  oi  I'quiiu-cved  man  amiinf!,  a  thouland 
of  the  nativen,  than  amixii!;  an  hundred  ot  any  other 
nation.  When  their  peifonal  defects aiul  excellencies 
are  polled  impartially,  they  can  neither  he  called  very 
beautiful,  or  thectintrarv,  hut  teem  r()hiiUl  amiddle 
place  between  the  i-xtrenus.  I'heir  ap|iea:ance  mi. 
ther  eng.iges  or  dil'i^'iils.  Ami)ng  the  yoi.;,^  uoiiuii 
there  are  many  hii;lilv  attractinu;,  tmni  the  niuun  ol 
accompliflimeir.s  perf'inal  and  mental.  Tiuii  Unit's  in 
general  are  acute,  l)i;t  particularly  lo  that  iil  ii;;ht, 
which  they  enjoy  to  a  great  age  iiniiuji.iiied.  '1  lieir 
conilitucions  are  tol.ulf.  Thev  are  tree  from  i"  my  d.il- 
order.s  conmoii  to  the  Spaniards;  but  to  the  epidemi- 
cal difeafes  to  which  their  country  is  occallon.dlv  lub- 
lea,  they  fill  the  principal  victims:  uith  them  thele 
difeafcs  begin,  and  with  tlicm  thev  end.  Thev  are 
rarely  atfected  with  that  nauieoulnelb  of  breath  vvhicit 
is  occa'iloncil  in  otlier  people  bv  t'le  corru]nion  o|  the 
humours  or  indigellion.  They  become  grey-iieaded 
and  bald  earlier  than  the  Spaniards,  and  although  moii 
of  them  die  of  acute  dil'eal'es,  yet  they  li dietimes  at- 
tain to  the  age  ot  one  luiiul  ed  year-. 

They  are  moderate  in  e.uing,  bur  the:r  pafiion  lor 
(Irong  liquors  is  eariieil  to  the  grcatel'l  exeefs,  uliiih 
expoies  them  to  all  the  ban:t'ul  impreliions  ofiiil'eale, 
and  is.  undoubtedly,  the  principal  caufe  of  the  havock 
made  among  th(.:n  by  epidemical  difoiileis.  Their 
minds,  like  the  children  of  Adam  in  general,  arc  liil- 
ceptide  ot  cultivation,  and  experience  has  actually 
fliewn,  that  their  laculiie.s  aie  adapted  to  every  kind 
ot  fcaiice. 

I'hc  Mexicans  are  not  violently  tramportcd  byilieir  i 
paluons.:  thev  are  (low  in  their  motions,  and  tlilcover  i 
awonde:  tultenaciiy  and  lleadinel's  in  thole  workswhiih   j 

require  lung-eontiiuied  attention.  Thev  arc  ivuient  of  |]   pieies,  which  they  fo 
injury  and  haidlhip,  and  grutetul  tor  kindnel^llieA  n 
where  they  tulpcct  no  evil  intention.     Hy  nature  taci- 
turn, ferious  and  aiiltcre,  they  Ihew  moie  an.-ciety  to 
punifli  crimes  tlian  to  reward  virtues. 

The  principal  cluracterillics  of  the  Mexicans  arc 
generofitv  and  ihlinrereilednefs ;  hence  gold  with  them 
lole?  its  \alue,  aiul  ihey  ieem  to  give,  without  leluc- 
tance,  v.hat.  lias  colt:  them  the  uimoil  laboui  to  ac- 
quire. 

The  lefpcc'^  paitl  by  parents  to  their  chiklrcn,  and 
by  the  young  to  the  old,  teems  to  ante  trom  ci.ngeni  il 
principles.  I'arents  arc  fond  of  their  children,  but  the 
aflection  which  hufljands  bear  to  their  wives  isceriaiidy 
lets  than  that  home  i)y  wives  to  their  hufhinds;  and  it 
is  too  common  f;ir  the  men  to  love  their  neiglibotirs 
wives  better  than  their  oun. 

Their  miad.s  aielo  ;dtenuuel\-  atl'ec'tcd  by  refolution 
and  fear,  that  it  isolten  diriicuk  to  determine  which  ..'t' 
them  bears  the  fway.     Dangers  which  proceed  ti\im 
natural  cauCes  they  encounter  with  intrepidity,  but  the  ; 
freedom  of  a  Span'  -rd  thrills  them  with  hoimr.  i 

To  turn  iij)  ■,  ;  vholc,  the  character  of  the  Mexi-  1 
c.ins,  like  that  ot  e  c  '>r';i.-;  p.... pie  in  the  world,  is  i 
a  mixiuie  of  good  and  bi  t,  but  tlu  i).  d  qualities  may  ] 
be  correc'tcd  l)v  a  prope;  ■,,  'nation,  as  hath  been  de-  ' 
nwnllratcd  by  freqi  ent  crpc-'.-r  "c.  I 

As  it  is  out  ,'i>  I'i  .  b'.  "';  .lie>i-.s  '.c  r  ;,':'.  any  f /ije.'l  ' 
that  can  cond-'r^  i  ■  th;  '■  ■■rt  .•in,'  iii  o'cv  r'readei  ,  , 
•.ve  Ihall  prefent  til.  ti    \  r.il<rrM}n  ofthela^ii-  j 

ii((s  of  the  peopr     .    tli.c  p,.i.  ui  il'e  world  previoi  ■,   | 
to  tluir  being  (.onc|iiei';i.  '.y  '!.'■  Sjr  niards-  j 

'J'lie  facrilicescf  tliea..'  ,t.\>  M;  ^  c  iis  w-  ;■  vaiiotis,  i 
andlioirid  beyond  exr  tlViof       !■  ,,encral  i:ie  vi-tims  I 


ujipcr  area  ot  w  hull  Itc 


lb 


•ll 


le 


M  U 


III  cell 


A 


\  occatioii-,  was  t  I'Mlhed  in  a  n.\ 


fringed  with  mtlon.     t)i.  Lis  l:ca.l  he  woie  :;  cmu.  i,  .,l 
green  and  yellow  feaihes.  Thee.';.;  minilKis,  v.l:i.,!i 
were  tiye  in  numbci ,  weie  di  eli'i.d  Ui  li.iliils  (I  the  t.mie 
make,  but  en.bioidered  \.ii'i  bl.'.ck,  ;'.i.d  their  lioilie- 
,  were  lived  ail  over  wiih  tlic  I  :me  cidour.      I  hde  bo- 
!  bari'us  u'.imtleis  carried  the  '■  i  !  ini  n  liscd  to  the  upp.\ 
are.i  ot  ihe  temple,  and  having  pcunted  i.nit  t  >  tl.e  I  s  c- 
liandersihe  idolto  whom  the  lai.:ili.c  v,.is  ir..uie,   c<- 
;  teiuleil  him  upon  the  ahar.    !""iiur  pi  :c;l?  held  his  l.^;- 
and  arms,  and. mot  her  k'-pt  liishcad  tii  m  with  a  v.  o  i.'.(  :i 
inllrument  made  m  the  i.)rm  ui  a  vo.icd  lerpeiii,  ,u.d 
put  about  'li-  neik.    'l"he  b.idy  ol  i!i .  \utiinl!\  ,.!  eli- 
cit,   tlie  l->'-(  ilt  and  bell)   being  r.iu.ii   up  .md  l"t.il;y 
I  prevenieil  troiii   monng.      I'he  iii'vi.n.ui  cliii.!  ;  i  .i.  i! 
then  .-.pproaeiicil,  and  v  ith  av.iuni  Liule  i:.,id(.  ■■: 
llint  ilrxteroullv  openeil  i''v   i'Ci!;,    oui  t'Jie  out   the 
heait,  widih  while  \et  p.dj'ii  ituig,  he  olieud  to  the 
ftin,  andi  aitcr-.v.irvl-  liiuw  u  at   the  leet  ot  tlie  idol: 
he  then  fotik  ii  iijip.nd  iiv.'-nt  it,  and  the  aihe-  weie  pr?- 
ler\ed  as  a  preeiou)  relie.    It  tiie  uhd  v.isot  la;  gj  l./e 
and   hollow  torin,  it  wa,  cullomaiv  t'l  intr.iduce  ihe 
heart  ot  the  \  i.'i  iiii  into  i;s  ni  >i,th  w  i;l:  a  golden  l['o.)::. 
,  It  w.is  i!i'o.u  ;ilii>  1,1  .itiiiiiii  tl;;  liji,  ,,i  ilio  iilol,  and  tile 
;   C'irnu  es    it  ih^- d"o;' ot  ili.-  ii.  in|>l'. ,   ■\  n  h  the  b;  nui  ,.i 
'    lIil  \  K'li'ii,      ll  t':;c  VI  "Mill  u.is  ;i  p:;:,:  .  ,  ,,;  ■.;,.,,  il|.  v 
levered  tiie  liead  II'MU  tlio  li.iiv,  lu  pi^leive  i;i-,  i!:i.l!. 
The  body  was  .  ;irried  bv  the  olhc(  i ,    "i    lol  Ir.i,   ;  > 
I  «  horn  tlie  priloner  li;iil  bt  longed,  to  his  hoiife,  toi'e 
boiled  ap.d  d'clieii  lor  the  tnui '.,u:;ii;e:,t  ■  if  liis  trici,;  . 
It  he  w.i'  iiMt  a  priloner  m  \\.\\,  but  ;i  iLive  p;n\;haie  i 
tor  taci'iliie,   the  proprictm  '  .i.iicd  iili  '.;ie  bnlv   tiom 
thealt;ir  tor  the  I'.uiie  puipcU  .     d'h;  \  ;■.;:  I'ldv  tiie  leg  ., 
thighs  a;id  ai.iis,  Ixiinmg  liic  red.,  or  p!el.:\ing  it  ti'r 
tood   tor  wild   be.ills  ami   buds  i/l;i-'i\.     .Some  tec  is 
an-ioriii  them  h,i\;;rj  tlain  the  y!i.i;:ii.  lore  the  body  in 

!ii;;:l.ci.  Othe's  f.icriliced 
men  to  then  gou  ,  uijinen  to  tliecr  ijnd  letic-,  .imlcliil- 
dren  to  the  inferior  deitie^.  This  \s;is  tiie  mi;!  c.>ni- 
mon  mode  lit  l.uuiice:  thei\  \i.eie  oiliei  >  lei-.  I'c- 
quent  ;  Inch  .is  jiutting  the  \rlims  '..  deadi  I-:  li:c, 
ilrownmg  child.en  oi  both  ll\;  -  i:i  the  Like,  llii.ttmg 
thun  up  in  ;ii.avcin,  and  l..ileruig  'iu-m  lo  jiiiilji 
v.ith  te;ir  and  huncei. 

The  |iiiiii.ip;il  laciilii  e;imoii  '  the  ;incient  .Mexicans 
M.-.s  that  ealieit  li\'  the  >j'ani.iids  the  Glsduiioriin. '1  his 
uas  ,!i>  h'lnouiablc  ileath,  ;m  1  only  piilonci!  ditlin- 
g'i!lh;d  i,vi!ieii  v.doiii  \\e'e  jiei  milted  todie  in' u. The; 

t' 


piitoner  V, 
the  siiv, 


!    tiei 


l)V 


irnied  ' 
ine  tiHit. 


1  nil  ;l  ll'iiir  in  ;l  conij)icv.  ■  .s  [i.u ; 
;;h  a  Ihieiil  .uid  a  ihoii  I'word,  ;i;.,l 
A  Mexi'.anoiiii  er,  urioldier,  better 


j'  armed,  tn  junted  ttieltone  to  coin!).ir  wiiii  hiin.    It  the 

priloiie;   .'.  as  vaiup.iillu'il,  ir;  w.is  can  led  iiy  a  pricii, 

de:id  i::   .ili-,  e,  to  llie  ;i!tar  ot  the  common  tiicniices, 

)r(';i';  w.i;,  iiiiened,  .uul  ins  heart  t.iken  rot, 

lor    w;is   ajipi.iuded    .liui    rew;ii'ded    v.jlh 

li  ilic  jiriluner  conqueie  1  (ix 

y  e,ii'.,  ,i'/.  d  him. 

.    ::h1    slioiiille>i 


v^hc'ii. 

uhilt  lie  \ ; 

Kiiiie  nuii;  ir\   honour. 

dilieieni  I' imb.ii;iiiis,   who  fuc  iiiu  el 

he    uas  gi.mied    his    lite,   hi-.  liliei:\ 

With  ho.ii.ur  to  his  native  i/ouin.'^, 


flift'eted  death  by  haviin.;  ■'  ..r  '  r  >d.s  opened  ;  tome- 
times  they  were  drowned  u,  .-.  :.^e;  fometimes  they 
died  'vith  Ininger  Unit  up  in  cavrrn.';  of  the  iiio,,nt;iin; ; 
sntJ  lometimcs  they  fell  iinvhai:  was  call'.d  iliu  giadia- 
t(>i\tu  (a  orifice. 


IIls;(i:;Y    r7/M.'   CoMiJ  Usl 

1M  II-".  gre;it  and  c^iemiw,   . 
uiiiUr  tiie  lole  governn 
till   tlie  Sp.ini:iid-.,  uiuL;r  iIk. 
Coite/,   ih\,ided  and  conq     ■ 
was  undeii;iken  with  m\\\   •  ,; 


M 


'I' 


ilK 

nt  o!  li 
•  I'linn 
;.;  ;i, 
I"   I, 


it 


.  1  ;:  O, 

Mcxiii,i  V. ;-. : 
"'.  n  ;iiijnau.h- , 
01.1  ol  hem  uiii'. 

1  IW'i  fXpe<lnii;ll 

1  0  ii<>. iper- ,  and 
on 


Iq8  le.imen.  (.'oite/  \  ilh  hi  l'.^ii.i.s  LmUed  on  flic 
coall  ut  the  R.iy  ufCampeaih),  and  havmg  ditperhci 
the  n'ltive'^  with  his  aitillciy,  man  Led  lo  liic  ciiy  i.'t 
■J'abali-o,  ■i\hiclihelei/ed  upon,  llie  nexKi.iy  the'ln- 
dians  ;it]eiiii)U:d  au  aimy  ot  i|0, '.;.."..  men,  wnh  uimh 
they  attacked  tlu:  Spaniards;  InilCorte/,  ,u  the  head 
of  ilichorlc,  ati.n;koi'j,  ihcm  in  diediuk,  '.iicn  .eiind, 

'i'Ui 


.^M'.MU'A.] 

d'He  d,  iv  aficr  i!';>  I^t'.tle 
,1  fid'-mn   e:nli.'.!!v   to  C'( 
•  ";vied  with  a  prclent  ol 
Lise.iuni;  y  ;iti'')i ded,  toge 
v:\\\'.i  d   cotton  lux'ii,  :i;i 
,u  cc,  l.il.L'  t.i  llie  I  'iiKiui 
p:iiaihrd  Curti'/.  i-^  ilr  y 
g.iMe:i  p.lds  1.    ,'cl;lei  ;, 
V'-iins,  uul  oiL.ei  iru'-  iiL' : 
i;i  I'crliin,   an.'  m  ide  l;is 
b.  lUld'.d  in.'!.;:!  vilgins, 
Ui"   i>t.     0:k'  <-t  ll'.eti;, 
Ciulcd  to  lu'  bipli/ed  b'' 
Ir:  \  I'd  Ini'!,  do:  i;;g  :!,;■  v 
1  .;  '-a;  .1  ii\  .i! Ciiu  ubim 
.1  n  .;;'.e  ot    \U"\i.  .i,    i 
iU  i:t,.  .1  iL;'  '  'iiiivrs  1  I'l 
|.:  ;l'i.;!v  '.i  .li;  /.nd  li..:c> 
S  ani.ii'  '-    .11,  ;  i'  e   t''    1  i 
ii..  ..t;;ie.      \*  Ir  'i    i  '-    > 
n;ikc'    i.i,    l;b:i;!:;:     '.   ( 
I  ..re  ;..!:.!  .:  yn.'.c:  ii.l  i  . 
\  H  vv    v.  i.s  to   ii.i.ke   \..e:' 
tLr  n.-M.   I..    i;,'l.i';      :!.. 


..,.! 


I  ,     Ml.       I 


'•"■■  '■'• 

till,  ilie  ti  i"iv  ,d  1 .1'  I  :  r 
P"..;.ie   <■..     ■:.:  ihmk   '1; 
k:;;;;,  v.  it  ne  |    ''.'  I'l  .!   ■'.  " 
\ .!  ,;  1!';'  M;  I'l-    y;.!-  I 

!    ,  .1    III    l)-,..;;.    . 

I  '.,'.. It  .'ii. 

(•■••   /..  ]■  ;,•:.:'      ■: 

i-:'.;.";L,-M    .,     .  - 

II  I  iL  i(  1     n.'..t  i'  '     ' 
1    ,      -i-!  ;,  t.:,;n;  .  >. 

;  1  [  .1  iv',  t'l'  l.'iv  !•  ■ .;; 
h''  Ih  .  e.c;;:'  I  ;  ■;•...:■  >. 
w'.;i;  Lee.'  .r.  .-.  t  L' 
i-^:.':.  .  .;.;  !  .;\  !,:■  ',  . 
li.-.:,'.-,  ^  ,'\1  ,:■':. ..1 
i  Iil  i'   >.<  •  .       •    I. 

t.,e  ;:■    i',;-     :!;.   ;.   . 
I  ,  It  f      ';    !  1  t'.'.i-  .1  I  .: 
( .id,   t'   ■!  ,'     I,  ;-ii.'L-,-e 
I'l.;  ;■  ■  I    M    s'.  1    •,-)  , 
1.)  ■     .  I   -.i.,;.;-,  i  I  'c  1 
■...,.  ..;|..;  ,.e.!i,M|   M 

I...  iii'i  f.. :i'  I ) ;.  . .. 

V  r'lii-'  I';-,  .      ,:.;   \ , .. 
|.  .;     V".  :    ,       .111;'.  -, 

Mil'     -   1 1  .'':  • 

^,  a-:.;i  ;    1. 
1,   ■>..,!■    I.-:;;.   .1  1'.  •■ 
C  .1.1'. /t  !     1  .'.'.   1.1  ; 
t  :■  ;•';  v.'lH    Lis  .l/pi'i 
•■       ;  ■;  ,,\\  ;:i  .;;ii  lin.  !r 

I  1,    I  .   Mi'.V,    !1  ,'11. 

I'll  I    11     ill..'  I'  .■  .. 


I 


f 

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K  d  R  T  n     A  M  I'.  U  I  C  A. 


Thi.'  iliv  afirr  ilic  hitilc  tlic  rac  ii]\ic,  or  prince,  km 


)l'-m 


n    i':iili.;!:v   to  ( 


)m-/,   ID  liii;  Idic  nt  ;ui:,   .it- 


'••:i'1f(!  w'itl)  ;i  pK  lent  nl  I'lili  tV.'iisa-:!  pri)viiit'ii.,  as 
l.i^c.iimii  V  atK>i>!(.\l,  iufcM'uvr  uiili  ii'u'ci.v,  pluu^.s,  ami 
p.iii'.V'l  loiion  li;u'ii,  aiij  vvli.'.it'.iT  Ik- i!ii)iii:ii:  inn'l 
.inLpial.k'  l.i  i!u-  I  oiupuMii  s.  '1  Ik-  a'lilvul  icldi  s  a;  • 
j.iiiai  hrtl  Cinl'-v.  ,i«  i!i  yiiliil  !■>  >l()  llicir  ;';o,is,  uitli 
^•■iM<-:i  pads  I.  ,\i',lf!-.  in  w  lin  li  thc\  Imr.il  aronialic 
•."aiis,  mil  oil;.'!  iiuT:i(^- :  il  '■  (  \(  iipic  altLT .vanls  came 
i::  P'.al'in,  nn.l  ni  I'lc  his  iiilviiill'ir,.  l-ii:i.Mn(.^  liini  ii 
lu  iiiiitiil  in^'ian  viiL'n;;,  v.  Iiii  h  Ijc  made  t.''.:  i,/.  a  pic- 
)c!'i  "t.  ():ic  ct  il'.clr,  v.'i'i.ii  ilic  ".'  ;ci  d  all  el-Ward's 
f  ai.lcd  111  Ik-  l>\j-ti/cd  !'>■  '  ■■'■  ri  iinv  ut  I )'  ;nna  Maiina, 
I'c;  v  '-d  liii'!,  d'!!  :;vj:  '!,•.■  u  il  lie  1  \;'.  I'.ii  p:t .  m  'li.  dmi- 
1  ic  'i;  u  it',  .ii  c.i;u  iiliiiif  Mid  i  i'..  ■.w  ic'  ;  t„i  |ii,  u  ii 
a  n.;;vc  iit  \U\i.'i,  .i  l.ii.d.  ■■*  i  idv  '.'.ii,  and  ci- 
duit.'  d  i!ie  !  iiil.iii.s  I  I  d;e  i  oi:;a:  ■,  an  1  li'.e  hii_"iaTe 
p  1  l'x;l\'  '.i  .  li :  ,'.iid  lii.ic.  !;./;.'  v  ;;im  iland  :iddrel'-  I  lie 
S  imai- V,  alij'c  t!-'  1  m  .  i  I-  !■'.  lli  ir  arii.s  iii  a  ;;ica[ 
ill  ..|i;ic.  V\  ||.  :i  i!u  (:.,'p:-  "I  r..'):;'i  o  fame  1) 
M^il^e  i.i,  P:!vi.i:;"  ',  (  -.i./.  Ill  .1  l;:i,,,v,  tli.-l  lie 
I  '..iH-  ;,.i:n  .i  "h.'. c:  [i,l  i  .u:. 


.c::i 


■  d  !• 


\  't  A'     M  IS    M    II    ik 

t::r  ii' N!.  !•<    t;:,d-.i-.  :!..  ,n  ;    .  -r         .;  liir  I  line  Imm 

K'.  n,      -id  •■  M  i\,  'Ml'  ■■  t'.\   111  ■  1  I  !■"  iiM.  I'.  1-    I  .n.    'l' 

Ir.i--  liie   !i  iv.i'.d  la.  [  ;  !••    ii.l  ., 

p'--;'ie   '■;  ■  ;'.l  iliink  ■'.:  ■:.  u  !v . 

k'.;i  ^,  V.  il  i!c  p  '■■i-i'  a  .!  ■•!     :'  •■.'  I- 

^ :.  :;  n'e  !r.  I'l'    v;.!'  ■  ;      •     ' 

!    ,  .1    I  :    I    li^i'.n.   .  ;.    . 

i.        ,,'.v  It'll. 


;;i  I  .; .  v. '.rlil  an 


'lia'    !ie    i"i!   Ill- 

1,1   ■i')e>  I.".',   a 

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:    I    ;'.   as   I  I   tlir 

' ...  >  u!  d;eir 


...  .1.  .  \; 


1;  :■ 

>  ■  I  i  ill  l(  1     l..'..i  i'    •     ''        , 
:  1  .,■  -'i.!  :.  '..-.  ;;i  ;    .  i,  .  '.    i   ; 
•'  I  1  '1  ;v,  t'li   d.w  !■  ■  .■.  .  ' 

il"  il.  ,  c.iai:'  I  ;  .li..:'  i  .  '  ■ 
■■■'..:(  I:cc.'  ir.-.l  !r  , 
i'v:;'.  ,  .:,,!  1  ::■;  !.:■  -,  ,  i;' 
rl,''.d.  •.',  ',  .'M  :  „d;-:.,i  •;  .; 
i  .  ill  1'  f.l  ',.,.  :  ill  ■  :  ,  ::: 
l.i-  ■.!■•  iv;'  I'x  1  .  .-  '  '  e  j:i. 
1  .  i!  1  ■  T  !  i  •'.:'.■  .1  I  :i'  .!  •  f ,  • 
(.Mi,   1' 


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n         !;■;•.     -^Aff  '>  Vily 

'II     '1.1'    I. •,!>■*'  '/  ('■■,■ 

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•  VVC  1  :.M  ....  ac."  I  iiH  /  I  .iP,  ••  .  , 
i''.--  p  VI  .'i  ■•■.  I  '■■>  ■'.  '■  iwi.  ■■■.  'c  'i.  1  i-'ded,  .::;  ' 
1''       V  '..i..;.:!  I  I  'i- ;  .i.  ;,,: .    •■;'.':.  \\  her.  r-  v'lei  al 

■ ;l'i  .eh, ',11  '.!  nr.e/.i  il .,    ;.    ■  ^I'/ei.ir.it  \K  \i- 

1 .1.  I'.i'i  I'.  ;i'  1)1...  I.,  i'  •■  I  .i!  '  ''1  ',  *p  u:i  .  ,  JD- 
vrdii"  :.;.  .•■;  \,.._  :.:  ••■■e  !.;  ,  <  -.  sllv.  |.-i;  tli'l 
p:.'      V'    '  >;tl;.',     .;      >  .11  ■•  t   i    :';.,,,:  we  >  iiil'.l;-. 

M  I  I  ■■'.  ',11  •'•'.  '  I  I  I  h  I  ■■-,  I  •  111  jV(.vellt  ''  ■ 
;-;  .r':.',i  I    li  •,    ■,_■  ;  >  m:  ■:-  >,  .:,,>!  v.';;ie/.  a^  i  . 

1,..\.  ,i-    1  .■•;;;.   .1  !■.  'ti  •  i';:t  ,.r. 

C  .1  1'. /.  t  1.  l.v.i..;  (.."MiM,  M'  w  >  '-lii'Ivdiic 
r  ;";v.'in  !.is  .ipiMsi;  lill'',  ,^l  .m  "  i  ,'  i  iK  ■  ,  lie 
"  .  ;  ■:..■,!  ;d  j'.ii  lill^  ii'i'v  i\  a  .  i  i  .  '  ,  pn,.,  /'  •>( 
I  •>  I  Mi'.v,  :ii'li,-  /.eiii[i",ii  I,  \w,u  '.:.d  'i.i  enrcr 
I'll  III  h  I..'  e  '..,[  .1, '.11  ;.'■';.'  .i.,.!  Me;;!  VI  una,  wlioiu 
I,,'  .    ;      .  :  ■ .  i  .:■    .    .  a  !  iv;,:;  ;   ;:',i  .'ppr'  lim. 

I  '.  .'■:,,■  i  .;  ,1  ,.:';'..  \.  :;.i  .,  >  in-.'ii  in  c.irr\- 
:  :-  .        ■  '  '^  .  a':  .  "i  ;   i  •  i  i'  '  .i.f\'  I'.   .:  i  .i  erv.  liiei  c  11  )t 

i  ' ■  .     ,.  '   :-i  ■  '.:'■•  \    A  i     '.:.    ■.    '.iw-v  li:  to  dr.iw 

>  :' .  .  ;  '.  ;  e>  I.,:, I  <•:  i  ..-  i.ii.,!  -.n  ,is  ilniie  liy 
!,.e  :■  '     I  "'    I".  .  '. 

1  '.;  •  ,,  ■■  A  .  ,.',-,  ■  :;■  ■  l.i.'-  ;■,!;  i.v  lii.  lea-coal! 
I  •  \  e  ,;  V  . .  ,'.  V.  .',,;.  ;  :  I'.  ,  i  ■  ;|' '  i',t  ;--i  c;;ci«pies 
l'.  ■;;  i;.  ■  i.  .e.  e,,-,  v  "  i  ■  :'  i  •.' ed  Im-  llnnps  w  iili 
1  ..  ;"-.'i.  -.r  !  !  I  ;  '  ,11'  ol  I  i'.;i)pe.i;is  lu'.ii  iii''; 
111,.'  ,;  .    t  s    ).   /   ..;,.  .    1;:,  ;,;  il\'  li-ilir.vcd  hiin 

I'  ,1  ...III  ■  ...ii^.l  1;:,- ;  '.Il  ;  i.  Ii.'ia  upon  lie  |)e>  .11110 
;  '  I  ,;.',.:  :  .  I  '  ,  ..  ..Ill  lie  I.  ;ini  all  ids  lllli>i;, 
;i:  ]:...:  i  ii,.  '.  .■!  i  ■!,'.,  in  •-»  iiii  ■!  lie  lelr  :;  lir'.d 
:  '. '         .1,       '   '.   •  1'^     ....  .   ..;,;.    :  I',-  in!-  die  t  iiv  ,,1 

■:■'.     .<      ■,       '.  ..  ;.'        ■'.     ..    i  ',    ■  1  .     ;  ..'   o\    d  l,iK-d;l,    ;l 

I '..  .  e  ■■;  "  .1  .  ■  1  ■;ii,  ■,•,!■  i  nil  ,  i.  :  {■\  lje<.'".;!e  llili- 
;■  ■  ,.■  ';  .•  ,  '  J'.  ■•  '  I''.  .;  ••  i' ',  il  ■'' I'ii'.ii  .'.u  lei  wa.; 
I.i'..  .;.  •  ..:  '.  '.'II.. .  .,i  ;'i  j  1.  i'  ,.■,., ;liilii. ds  ;, II  nn- 
iiin,  ;.:■.    ■  ,   .!.'ii.L:.-  .  ,.,  1..J  ow:   ;'.ia   .,1   liis  ICVelule.s  ; 


1  otiji.ile  ihe  p^e.T'.ial  s 
n  i:   iiivil;'.i.,>n  r  >  Ins 


.Hid  wlien  Ik-  (oiiful  it  in  vain  t 
inarili,   lie  tliiiii"lit  !if  •.')  pjve  1; 

l.l|  it,d  :    il'.lt  C'(;l!e/.,  V,l;.,j  w^v,  d<.;i'i;.;n(  -l   l.'  hw    ll;'.- 

lihinder  cl  iiiee;i;  ii  iK  ii  y,  pr; !  l  nded '.I  aMh.  \|i  .v leans 
wcic  not  liiuei'.'  Ill  ihcir  invii,.;i  m,  hm  |j..,|  c;,te).cl 
inioa  cunlpiraty  to  Inrp.ri/e  ilie  Sp,i;iaul'j,  v.  Ikii  tiiey 
had  drav.nilieniiniii:iii.iiHiiiiU;ide,ar.i'  in.  li'.n  re ;  hem; 
and,  ilieietnve,  iiiimed:.ue!v  l)e:.'.iii  Ifiidiiie  ,  ;indc'.it 
to  |ii'.ces  lomc  llii)i;l.,;id.s  n!  Md;,!;  :-.';;;i.'i's  idijeas. 

.'\t!!i  lln-.,  ilie  "^p;!  ■,i;ird-,  ioiiii:e:.n  ■:  tli..ir  iViarch, 
were  atiendiid  liy  1l\\  ril  (,'ihe:  c!cii;i,r,  and  Idrdb -,t" 
the  coiiniry.v.lio  coiiip!,;;!ie<t  .  t  die  ■:;!'ii-j!al)le  iipp!e(- 
U-.f.v.  td  Moiile/'iiiii  ;  teiliie.r  C'oru  ■/  i!);;t  th.cy  li^k.  cl 
;ipi.ii  Imn  as  then  delive;er,  lent  hn'-i  hea\'  n  to  le- 
iliMin  and  piiMlli  ilie  ii;jadice  ;i:iil  crnelty  ot' tyiai.t . ; 
In  v.'lioiii  he  pioiniri.d  111',  piote.tion;  ..n.l  drav.inu  near 
to  .McaIco,  111  oilier  to  link e  the  ,i',ii-'aiv  i  le;  lor  into  tlie 
n.itivcs,  heoideied  liis  .iitillery  aii'l  lai.dl-annb  i  >  'uc 
diklKue/d;  and  cauled  li.\ei:d  Iniian;  ;■)  be  du.t,  i!;ac 
anpio,.i  he!  :.i  I  nearlii-  .pi  I'ters,  ■  iiil-h-  1 1\  e:Ka;r.p- 
ed.it  .-X  i'eiii   i.i,  on  liie  (.   rd.   ^nf^;.e.'.i    .'.ie.ii;  lake. 

I  !e;cpri:u  ,  C,;'.ii  ;  at/;i,,i;ic:v. ;  lie->  •/!  .M  v,te/i|iiia, 
all.  !i.;.<l  1,\  i!;e  Me\i>  a;;  noi>ii;tv.ca!:,  I'jtlr-  :.  neial, 
ai.,M)idhiin  ueloiue;  .Uliiii.i^lain  !  r..;-  lie..  '  d  i  :ii  et 
',;di;i  verv  k.ii.l  a!id  h  .v.'!. ,d .'e  ;  i  ;::«:!  ti  .  ::  d,^ 
liipeior;  Lc  ;:!!;::i  i^,;,  i;;.;it!ie;e  liivi:.  ■  !„..  ,,  lately 
.1  ;i!'eii  te.ieity  i  .|  p'  >.  dnoiis  iiii'i^  ii:y '_.iM.  xicj, 
oeeai.  iiieil  liv  i;;.'  .;■■'.  li.ie  v.  eiti.'.r,  '.■;ev  c /.ihi  not 
.lecwiiKiio-laie  them  ;■  iIkv  (h.  1.;  e.i  ;  a,.d.'  iiierefoie, 
'  ntriatot  iie  wo'dd  d.efer  iiis  ent'i'aec  in;  i  ihat  e.',!)i- 
t  I,  jldic  iIkIu'i;  thuik  )•  .nriu'v  ;  .i  di  J;"e  :■■!':!];  :!ii- 


llscf.     Hut  Cone/    '.pi-. 


leeiile.t  i  •  a.  y\    .•d 
'Pti  jn  Cl!  ['w 


pp.1  i  !!i",   'et..;;:i.ne.l  U) 


■."liUV, 


t;;;';  p:ep  it .'Jions 


:•!  .r.l  ,  u  e:  e  cc'iiin 


the  y 

io..-tl» 

ionrv,  j^^m  ari;.e-:  ,'  '/   '-hiva'a,  a  c;iy  l:tu:i;eil 

"u  .ifl.  I'flitf,/,       ,!ie;.'u   '.   ...>•    .  .i-.e  oi  nx  leii^.ues  tdjm 

wexiee^v  Ii.kJ  ;'...,ri"  .i,)piti,>'':H'' .  ,-i ,  th.it  the  iVJt.xieaii'; 

\v,o.,i!l.<l  [i':<i\r.  d</'.'.}i'  ide  ■         '.en,    :i!i..!  remove  the 

: .-■■>it:.;f_  0,1    ,,  J  yf,^.,,;,  v.o'iK;  -e, a-v  imieli  hive  cmlvar- 

-.*^'  '!  il'ii-H.  tHej!Jl<t!",c  eo,:|.l  cddier  h.'.\e  ■;  '.vaiKCel  or 

'  Kf d  Kvri..4({  calf,  (•(pceiillv     111!  hi-.  I'orcainl  anil- 

,■■  -y     tf'.if  'th'*  rari  ji.-    ot  (J^'itkiV'.e;!,  wlio  :ippeare(l 

f,>  ^,#.i  >'rifnt1-)<'tlie*j,,t/,  arils,  very  ir.ueh  cncoiiiai^cd 

»^«.'-i:/"iI,  i:'h.'.,;j,  lii.r;,  he  h:id  notliin;',  t.Ue;ir  ;  that 

ji>f<;(,;.;>;'^  j;l  {(K-litaviir.   .     .c  .uil'-.u'i  s  oi  the  uiiules, 

.and'      ).     •  I -f  the  \'j<:if  .1       'iis  .ind  !uipri..'i;ip  arni.s 

dilpiiUed  their  enipe- 
[  lo  \i  lialevcr  the  <veiie- 


MexicM,  :'.t  tlic  head  of 
1  ;!.^  ;  \.  lien  they  v.ero 
v.lid  \\  -..  iiice!  ill  in  :i 
';.!.ier;,  ;i  his  t.ivouriie 


.    Iipi'! 

I'.;;idd 

.'e  I  ; ;: 


ot  tliL  /^  .:.    ,.    ■ ,  i;id  pel!' 
ror,  a:u!  ci;;;   '',    '.  ',<>  u  ii»  I 
ral  l1v.)iild  i.i,,'  ''■:    "I  Jii.n. 
Soon   aticr  C'.  '-•./,  cni'ii 

.\^o  Spaniiirds,  r,,-'.    ■        i  I 
liiet   l»y   Montt/'iiua 
cli.iir  ot  l.e;iteil  'r','dd,   ' 
V  lurtiers. 

I  diet  ont'creni  I  '■.,  i     ee    , 
was  J  >!•,  ilieir  Ip-.'.    iio  ■ 
and  livt  «.-npcrt/f  i     n  i... 
l-i'io;!,  to  .  iiuji'-'  :,!e  s'l  :,v   al  to  lie  , 
I.       e  hdeiu  e,  .'.      ili  .i  ii   d,  ;, 

II  ^^;ls  about  iiooii         :  i!;e  Sp  ;; 
to  the  lov.'.l  honle  iipi      ..:    .  lor  il, 
w.is  1.)  ip.u  ions,  av  I'll      '.iin  :i, 
their  aiix:iiaries:  it  icidi::  i  k  lioi 
t'.iv.ers  ithe  root  otihe  \k,.     e  uasli,;:, 
li.atleincius  and  l)re;nt  -^W'.  k;  ini.iii:i..ji  ili  a  ..,,cii  ihe 
!!,eiu'i.il  had  pl.intedhis  :uiiilei't',.-in'i  jiLiccdhi'-  ;^i'..irds, 
It  hail  veiv  iilr.ch  t'.ie  .ipi'e.i!.i:u  e  oi  .i  h^liil';. 

1  1 11  her  :\lonle.''iiir,ai  ,.:ne  liie  lame  evenini;,  and.  .vis 
lecencd  b.v  t'.irle/.  ;.  •  p;ii;iipai  lip.'.ire  of  d:e  '..i- 
laee;  andili.it  nn'ii.iiii  i-.miij;,  entered  ili.  u  ,"ii  oF 
Ibile,  aiiil  h.aed  Iiiidtli,  o.deied  a  ih;-,ir  I'o,- i.  .h'.,'/., 
;in'  ,1  ii'.:;;ii;d  w;i,..  r.,:.  ie  t  n  his  i  oind  -rs  lo  le'.ii  e  i>  ;  ho 
v..dl  ;  v.'heKi,p.,ii  [',.,■  ^p.inilh  oliiee.^  iliI  li  I.:  iic  ) 
and  C.'oile.-'  li.iii  :.  ■.:':■  ".-.:  lo  iie,.dii  hi  \]  ee  ';  ,".'  Ins  in- 
terpreters, i\loiiie;-.i'..i,i  pievenied  liim,  bv  (;,K.aki;igas 
iollou;.  : 

"  llhilli'io'js  ana  ■  .•'.ii,!t'.t  liiie'/ei  1  lkd..';c'  you  dif" 
clofc  llii.-  imiiortatit  a.ciUii.fe  Uit.' great  moiiareh  vou 


':e;;e!!ci.il 

:':  e  o.i alien, 

eS,  Ids  IX- 

.•>■  'iiied  ibr 

p.iiec. 

-  -   111  ought 

,  i-i;!,  'i\liich 

I  r   .   ari<  and 

,  III  '.:  .1  v.'iih 

'vdliy 


.1  ,! 


1  "' 


I   '  li'iiiii^ 


ti« 


Ft 


■■ 


! 


fti 


■i' 


^.. 


5M        A  NEW,  ROV.U.  AMI  AlTllF.NTIC  SY^Tl.M  o;.-  I'NU  1  K.^AL  d  O  ■.R.W'lVi 


iMn\c  tioni  li  I 


sCTistii  voii  in  coniiTi.mil,  it- r.  lU'c-'U'irv 


lollll.' 


,!l!'. 


iiuuK-  tor  wli.u  tunc  ii.is  icjiortc 


.tof 


.)■•  ii 


ii:iu-,  vi.M  ii:ih;,,itc  v.  iiil 


loIlK-  .'.ll'.l>".ini  C  DC  IIUUK 

us  >•..!  (.■itIuT  I'kIc.  You  ni.iv  h.ivc  hciii  liitonin.\l  Uv 
Ibiiii-,  ili.'.t  I  ai'i  en.- of  iho  iinuvji-c.il  '^ovl-. ;  iliai  :nv 
WLalih  1-  iiiriu-iui.  :v  {.i<:M,  .\nA  my  pal  i.  c"- I'ovfitvl 
i\it!i  L,'-.'M  :  .itvl  iMi  tlic  <p;lici-  '.iiii.l,  v.ni  iii.iv  liuc  | 
luMi-l  til. 11  I  .-Ml  lyr.iium-.il.  pioud  ,in.l  cnn-l  15  ii  | 
iH''.i>.  ll:v  o:)i;  .ii'.'.l  tiiL'Oilui-  li-ivc  cil'.i.llly  iiiiiiolca  ujior. 
\.)  1 :  \(.'\i  ill-  I  111  a  mori.il  ot  liic  i.imc  Ipccn-s  uith 
oi:)Ci-  va::\  ;  a;ul  d'..)iigl»  I'.iy  ritlifs  arc  conliilfriblo, 
niv  v.illaii  make  ihcin  imiili  nio.c  ihaii  iIil-\  aie  ;  aiul 
V'>u  !i;i,l  iliat  ilic  w.ilK  ot"  my  palaci  ■■  an-  nothing  iii<i'  e 
tli.ui  nl.Liii  li  lie  atiit  llonv.  la  like  manui-.,  iiodoiilu. 
\:.\^  ;1k-  r^Ac  I'.-.  (_)f  inv  govtniniciu  Ix-i'ii  ina.,iutic\l  : 
l.'it  lulpciul  voiir  iiid^iiUMU  ot  ihc  s\'.',..ik\  nil  uni  iii\( 
..:i  opp":i'.inu\  oi'  iht.irmiiiii  vourlcll  C'.'iicc,  iiuji  ii  ; 
.uid  vou  A  i!i  liml  (h  It  u  :vu  :iiy  rcSi'llioiis  lulijcCU  c  ill 
opprc/iioii,  is  iUnlii:ig  niort  ihaa  the  lunlliiA  txi^i.;- 
lion  ot  'vuiuc. 

"  Ahcr  tilt.'  larno  maiinc;  have  your  a:lio:is  !":-.-ii  ic- 
prd'cp.U'.l  M  lis:  I'.tnK-  Ijv.ikot  you  .is  go^'^;  aihr:uiin', 
th.ui'ic  V.  il.i  h.  ,;:U  olicy  vo.i  ;  iliat  you  ;:.  Up  ll'!.-  lima- 
iler  in  \ovir  luimU,  antl  coniniaad  tlic  ileiT.cni- :  wlalc 
o'.luT'!  .•I'mrc  liic,  ^o',l  arc  wickc-i!,  n viuti'jlal,  proui!, 
aad  trail '.'pout  1  wiih  aa  iiilatiablL  tluii;  a!i.i.r  liic  j^olJ 
our  co.aui V  ]'>ro.iuci>. 

'*  1  ^'.:;i  n.i'.v  I'l.  aiiljio  yc  af  of  the  laau- coaipolition 
a-iil  I'jii:-.  as  ^.tlitr  aica,  aaJ  iliiliniiM)'lu\l  trora  v.-.  only 
i"L'  ■  liifil-  'A  hicli  llu  ilillcrciufol ..  oiauiusi.^v  '.i.;ini. 

'•  I  iii;'.c 'J.a  ::>  ,  h  ■Mf  '.lui  obcv  y.ta  a,\,pio!r.\t)lv, 
a  1  i;  ;>■  f,)....i.j  of  .ifi.':,  l!'.  u  \..li  haw  t.'.r.u-.l  a:i'.l  bi'.J 
up  la  l' ;::;  i  apcMvCC  kii  ja  le  ii,!.'  ar.  aiay  be-  ..ttai  •■.'.  o\ 
ur.an.ils  :  yo.ii  ar.v.s  \it  aiaJf  ot  a  metal  '.loen.!,  ua- 
k'lOA'i  t  J  ub,  and  the  tiic  \  on  ilil'Jiar.4c  truai  lht.-!i], 
with  ;i:'.''i  aa  aivjaiihiii'.;  Ijua^l,  aiav  be  i'xnv  lecitt 
tua ',in  Ia  )  ;u;  raaa,u  i.ur.  As  i o  your  actwas,  ui\ 
ailll)  ilia-loia  ari.l  Icivaais  laf  aai  iiij,  that  y^jj  arc  pi- 
ou.;,  couiti.-ou'.,  aa  1  i^ov^:  ac-1  !>>■  realoa  •  youliear 

liiiidlhii"-  vvi;ii  paiicnct  v.-.C  (.iiLMrtuIavl-.,  and  arc  ra- 
th'.a  liii.-r.l  il'.an  ,.oVi;;.jus  ;  I  )  iliiU  we  inuit,  on  both 
Ik!  ■  ■,  liv,.''.l-  )ur  preii. lues  ami  prc'poireilioas,  ami 
r'  U'  o:dv  ,  a  ■'■]>  n  o.ii'  c\  e^  and  exiieneiKe  teacli  u',." 

To  rini  til'.- ^^'.MU  ral  aii'-vercil.  ''  I 'i  a  ii  wistiue, 
Ta'i  i\i,  w. "_■  liu- repoi t .  tiie-,'  liul  li-.aul  :  lo-a.;  eadea- 
■. ouTi  d  CO  (,;.  i.i  u,'  aa.l  ...perlc  lu.u,  w iaic  otlic; '  a  ioieil 
ill  "..  I'j'it  ii;^  S]'  ianid  ,,  who  ,vcre  endowcil  u  iili  a  jic- 
:.l;t.'  la  '.  ;.  a'!;,  t  '.lir.  I  ov  rhrois-.h  :!■  dili^-ieiH  i  olouis 
i-t  cv  orU.  :.:v;  t..e  '...leil  ol  tia  heail;  I'a.iC  liicy 
!;'..■!'  •  i'.i\':  ■-;■  J.  :  '■■<  '•■I-  ict)elli./-.'  lii'vecis,  oi  iliolc 
til..:  .  ii'.i.-ic^l  ia:n  ;  uai  eatac  in  his  pulciiee,  ullired 
tl;.i'  .'  -■  '.  .i-  a  '.■■!■  ;  jn  a'.^e,  .u.d  ;'.  IrLad  lo  leafoa  ;  but 
ve:'  \.'.  li  i.'.'.isa'.'.l,  liuv.cve:,  that  he  v  .is  a  inoital,  as 
li.e  ■  ;h,:a!i.lv:  ,  \'.e:i-  :  tlia!  ilu;  be.a.  ■  u  1ik  li  olieyed 
'..',  .  V  •  ,  :■  1-.  1  devi,  ii'it  hv'V!'  aad  luiieoi:  lauiiuli, 
l:..-]i-.-:^  1  v.ar,  aad  leea.i.  1  lo  .dpiic  all',:' the  I'laie 
■.•.!  .V  .'  'i'-i  111,'!  ;■  ;  ih.tl  ihcii  lui'  ,li  ais '..■eic,  in- 
iie.'i,  :'■  ■-■  '  !.  ■  .  ■''■  a'aa  ill  md'jdi  \  ,  uido^ed  aoiiuiia 
.•1  ■  i' ■■..!',  1-;  li.e  Hi  _i!.;aa,  s.a^^vaits  u  eie  .lOuaa- 
1-. ;!■■■;  '  '■  ;'i'.-  ■■  i'  ua.i;  S.'' 

lliv.i.-    di'.;    j.ivea   fo'iif  aa['..cr  to  liie  ciTii'   ■    • 
I'i n  -  .,   •■,,..;'/.  I  .'.'... e'.rd  to  ial  r  111  tii.a,   "    t  li.U      • 
V,..-.  .1.-,  '. '.U'  ..'  'i  t:    ai  die  ai'iiL  p'.'ier.r  ai  ■..,  if.'.:  . 
ih'.  1  ,.!■■!  I,:'..'  ii     ii  leiidd.  p  and  lU.  lav  >     d.ii  :i'«.  iv 
:■.;,    ■.,:  ;v.  a  i'o  ;;:a..a'ia,io"   and   la^.:  ."n.  l-.    ('.luien 
f".  r    i' '^  ■_:',',  L    '.'.'a.:  1  .   aad  i  .    'i     t  l;  e..    ■,,   'lie 

V.i.  ::  I.;','  ::     :  .:  !ia>         .   opjiuu  ..ai:\    .!  <:o-  ...,vu;e. 
■;,'.;.,  .rif.'...  ■_. ,    '    ,   ..ii'l.  in.U  •!  •'     'v-k    ■  '      jo.I 
•■  i.li-v    .■•;■:'..     .  a:.    '•  i.indv      f,.;n.i."I      ea.  '      ..       Mp 
.ii.    ..','  ;■;  ;a    i  ..  •  it  j   .  .n    '     'W  j:    ■!  '.  lOu- 

•.(•:.  ;        t  1....       ;3  '\  .J  '  e.-  !  ad  l      .      ,  .      ■   the 

ki.  .'  ;■  ■  .:....i.'a  (.oP.i.oA- 

!■'•■  ;  ';,.       --icaa,  o:  .-i' .  .        .|._  -■  ..■•    ,  .. 

I  r ...     ...       :  i   1..  ■■.  i.\>.:  I    .  ...,'..     ,   l.;vir  .to 


it 


I       CiMfiv  contiaU'. 

I  Moiiii  .aiiiiii,  oiien  \a.iia.',  lai    .M'.'xu.in  t')uit;  aiu 

that  nionauh  tieq  lea'.iv  e.iai:  i..  ;ae  Sj.iriilh  ij'.unlei';, 

I  niikiii;;  pii-l'eiiis  i'>  tli'   .'.eiu  '.d,  ain!  lo  li;  oiiitcts  and 

I   lohlie  ■.,  L  >.i'iia;iii;',  ll;o  .  •  .:,.  i  e.i'.ei't  uai)'  ii"  lor  their 

I   di\iii.oa.      '1  lie  Mi.\i.,ia-   .'.;!  treate.l  ;ii.-  ."spiaiarill 

I   u  ill  ,1  relpeii  thai  i  lunae.l  >'t  iwv  .1  hu  .iiliU  a'ul  co'i- 

]  dcfienioa.      M.'.ir,e,.aia  1  Ip  'kf  oi  th'^r  k;  i."  vi'ti  the 

i;ie.uat  \eaeraii    a.    I  lis  in.f'i.-.tv  paid,  .i  jn    i-.a;!  :e- 

lpc:t  to  llie  Sp  iiaih  nan  (is,  ,in.l  ilic  [v.-'ple  '  o.vi.vl  tiiO 

kiici  10  the  lac.-.ae't -Sj  .laah  I    l.ii-.  r.     liat  a  i  aeiade  .r 

happened   \\iiuh\ei\  iiuu  li  l.iie!:til   l'.;e   el'.'.ea.,   or 

I    i.'.'iier  die.i'.l,  the  Mi.  \k.ii.s  .i'.  liiil  eatet.aia.e.l  ol  tliele 

j    toier.  I'.ei  s. 

i  t;.,t  .  t  ii:e  en'.periii'  '}  ■•:  i!- .  Ie'.-v'i'_;  tl.e  .uiaa  1 
'  t.'.\  la.j.vv'd  '^a  t'li'  v;:  i,  ,,'ii;e  ■  la  laai  j.iut  ul  li  :, 
1  I"  ai\  "..iiih  In  l.-!'.  .:e  .11.  i.'ii  ■>■..'. lO'i.l  v!  li-.e  .S;).;n-.!ii 
I  ;'  •..f.iii  t  \  e:  ;  C;a/. .]).'; -  ....eitp.e.i  ..iio'.i  id  'iiio-^  n 
oullie.;  f.'..e.-d  ..,;..t  n' M,-\;.:aa  eaipdc.  .lad  erirerCil 
I  i-ii'i  .la  ai,ia:-ee  .w;;.  die  op.iiiM'-.l-.  .lopav  '  •.aevnfclvji, 
;o  I.,!'i  de  i..  .d  .a:.-.  :'  •  ■■:.<.:.:  ..*  \(  aa  ■  'r...:,  t  t  pro- 
le  iKii.;  «  !'o  t'. :.■;.■  :p.jii  .'inreat  1  out  ol  tiur  lortrct,, 
V.  iih  .;o  Spi..Mr':  .  11.  '  _;;  •;■  .i.,;o  i  o.ited.  .-ae  Indian  , 
I  I'.iaa  ah.  .aae:  .i:;.; '.ao' r.;':  v -•  laii.' th.e  L:;a''d  f  .Mtur.c 
I  ti  d..ie.-.i  i'le  .M.  \  e.'.a  p.eneiai,  vc:  oae  i  the  S;  a- 
I  a. .I'll,  ■,  ■-  i.i.iv.i,  .  ■:■'.  \-r.  'i-ail  .Vi:t  l.p  t.  liie  eou: ;  ; 
1  and.  dep  :-.'  . ;,  v.  r  a  live  o- fx  more  of  ia^  t'lrt  if..M, 
1  vtre  ,,iai:.i.i\  v.o-n 'ed..    d'hi'i  in  v.- ,  beia;;  I  rov.iht ;  j 


L.'iie '.  ;;  .'.;•  i.  a  ti  i.a:  anr.alae 

e  a.  1  a- 
lae  M 


an;;  tin-  ai . 


.-.  .Manr.-d.  tv  tlie  e'j;.!L.ie;atei.-;di  .:.■  .tf.a- 


!  th,  ,r  f-'.r  II'.',  V.  i  ;..  h  l!-.'.  V  d.,  1  n  >;  ip-prehca  !  i.  .-iu 
j  laij  rr'.iea',  !e  lia.e  tlr.-  tap,'.;j'-a-.eai  near  Vei.:  C'aa.. 
;  I  lie  >p.ia,:ii  i/,enei  .1  llioef  ae,  fiadiat.',  il  iiii|ioilil'.,- 
I  to  mm.. .da  his  j..jdio  i^ya  i:oi;p.!lie  lad.i.ins  anv  loia'er 
I  '..  iih-.  ;:  i-.'.M.i-'  '111  !  )'iic  a^;  1  )a  di.i;  im  'in  i',!\o  iheai 
1  tr,  111  e.i.ae  .'  .aa/ai'.iav.eal,an  I  lecove:  tk.a  iejiu'.ati;ai 
they  lerra'.'d  .')  have  1  il'.  b\  ih  u  uafoiuiiiite  ateideat, 
!e'.i)i\e'.l  to  lei/.e  (lie  j.rl'.n  ot  .M  "nte/'im.i,  aad  Uriiii', 
hiai  piuoaei  to  hi'-.  iii;..i;e's  ;  aai!  aeiouiiaiily,  at  aa 
hour  \\h.ea  the '^p.iui. lid,-  \ie:e  iiledio  |>.i\  then  court  li; 
1 1  tli.lt  p'liaie,   C'"rli-/,,  li.i\ia<.:  i',i\  en  ord.ers  for  his  laea 


.11..  IS  a 


,.'.!,  :>i-.-j.      4.  "  he  I'.,  .--(''.ed  the  ;d.    .aee 

;:)  ;   1.'   '   i    t  j  the   >'>i.,  ,'.;:'.- 

^ .  -i     -  ;  ■  Jiaily  o.   ..  i>:..l  10  i.  ;"  -aad 

\>  .S4.k   y*^     ^:V:iii,  ii.-.'Ji;:'.-'J  to  Ids  pidai;t. 


I  i.aa.t'iea.'.fuves  ^uh''il  ii-ife,  :iiul  poli'els  tlicmfelves 
I  "t  all  i!ie  iv.  a;,e-  l.'i.iir.j;  to  die  paku  e  in  liaall  y  aties, 
l!uu  no  noli,  1-  aa.^li;  be  lakea  "i  ii,  -..eat  to  ilie  Me.M- 
1  in  toiat  ata.-inled  \  v  i"\ei,ii  ol  la-  ii.'f'.  eas,  aad  .'-■ 
a-.iati  ,  V.  Ill  a-  :.  i  'i'.,i,  .a  he  .  o.ikl  ifiy  ,.n,  ;uid  1m.  a i;', 
I'''. a;  a.  I  in  die  i  -li'i  loi  k-  [Ma  leai.e.  lie  (  om  plained  i.'l 
li;e  VH'l.il!  ,'11  OI  t;>.''  I'eae  bet'.Meii  iiiein,bv  one  ot  thi. 
Ml  ;\u  .III  eenei  ds  a.liav.^  upon  las  eonfedei;Uis,aad  al- 
teitt.iia,k:!ii,i-'  ;:•,  .ai.iul  he  !i  id  taken  in  e(ddl.h>od. 
1  ')  V.  huh.  :\!  '.a/.a:  I  aameic'l,  "  '1  h.it  it  .mv  lliinp, 
oi  ik.it  a  '.-la.  i'..  !  i  ^-.'ii  d  a;'.-,  a  w.a.  v.  it  hoi. t  i.i-  ordi.:  .; 
aial  l.L  ..„  K  V  a)  aaike  !a!;  1  .  Il  ill  t  'r  .'i..!  iii'oi  y 
dia:  I'ji'.'iii  h.n  _     ,  ii,   f.'u  .' utid.ea  Miedl ',  ctiie'  to  ilic 

Il  -"^paai.i         or  I  .  a     ,\\i  -.."     But  C.'atev.   i;ave  hiai   i. 

'     '     »  >  'h  '.'        \  .1  ,p^  '.'  Miild  l.iti'd'.     Iii'in   bat  lis 

'    ' '  ■  1        i  ^   il  ..    II, I  I  i..:ir  I   Old  .,   -.x'  i\  i  '!.,|ii! 

i   ^  '■  ■  *  ''.   i  .d.i'..(.  ..a.;.',a  'I  ,  .  U:t  -sp  a      .  H  loi 

"ls,.i.i         I  i"l'  (Vv'<  '  .i'l.»a    ii"'       ■',    ,       ii  a  ' 

'  •'  ' t.  -1  '.■■  le  •  ■    ,sil  loi  t     '  '■     .  .1'.    I,     '  >      |.    , 

'  e.iWii'      a,)a,        a.ipii      ,  I.    .    ,!,  ti;.i»  |,..   >        'i  ,■.: 
■ik  ,- .       a   ,    1              ,      ■        \  lekl  ,'>>  1  1'     w        a  '  I  , 

',     il-,;,   ,     ;.   ,.-    ,i,,  ,,v      ,,,  ,  .   .   ,,    ....    ,.      ,        ^    ,    ,^      ,;  .,      .^ 

.i..  ..r  K  mu  I  1:,  il. p.',)^  I  1  i        \^'      I .' aaf.veie  i,  •■  I. 
'■-■  '^"  ••  '",,  -id\  ih    ■,  \    ..    .,     ■ ,.    ,   tin  .      _'|-. 

"■'•  "  ^  '.  '-'1  ■...     ",'P  '.',..'  s  ,!      ,,•!  :..,,,.-  . 

•'  •■  '       '''•■'■  '      .  -.  la  :■    '  o'l   I'l  •:        .     ..  ,)  d,.'      I  ii... 

'  '111  iro,'.i  ,,iii,' ,     (  t    I  V  ;         :,;    .n..!.. ,  ,-,e  , 

-.•..  .iii.i     )  i..'ii,..i,.L  ■:    'al'l,  '  ,      -   i.i.  .. 

'  '     I.:. ,,    u  ..'iillv,    k'.     I!  I:  ■  ..a    r  .    ,     n-,      i 

-  ■      .  .i.laie  .laio:  .  ,!  niein."      N.  '    .jia,  .  .|l  u-h; 

iO|  at  h-nil  .:  i'lioihtii  h.i.  >'.-,  ^'  I       . .  a  lo  '-  lui  -i 
]   1   iiid,    iii„,'  i'  I,;    ..i'.dd  no',   lli;.'    a.     .',  Lii'i;.   1     -.  ■•:i 
.,   by  lo'ec,  >.i  o  ,     ■' r  laa-  il  thf  V  w.-i.    ip;    ',..!;    \\\:-:v- 
:'  iio'ii,  !jc  I  ,'   .:    If.,!  (J  til,  -..liat  1\ .  I  laii 


lu  av.'.i.!..'  stf-:  gave  .-I'tJciiiJiJii'  ;>i,.v      i->p!( 


1 


AMi'UlCk\.] 

ioi  lli,  reivi.i .'  '.1  lo  ii 
V,  oiit  m  the  ula.il  date 
aree,  e.veept  '.hit  hi 
Spinni'ds,  who  laii  ■ 
iM-iiUe/.  ;a,.'.  as  a. 
d.a..l  veiv  na.  r.d  !.' 
v'li'.s.  laaent.i...',  th( 
t'.iea'f.'lve'.  at  his  k'  t, 
V  e:  III  ot  aa  I'.t'e,  > 
Il  •'  his  id,'  .aaa.  .  a 
i,ar  I      "ii  i  ,  \i.l,  i.i; 

I,,  -''.-      1    r     aliC    ,  .111.! 

pre!.,  lif'i'v.  !  '.  I'  dal, 
I '  all  /  Il  , .  .la-  I,  a  ! 
l--a'  \  :  e  il  ,;  -'  I.  1 
i:  ',:  at'  •  u  1  t  .  I  ■  1 
:-'  ;.  '1  .:■  ,.pai  . 
t  '  ..  •  li  ;  .a;  ;,  I  1, 
':.•  (  ,  aa.!  I  "  k  i.'. 
\,  ill'  k  !.ri'"i  ;  d.i  ea,;| 
n  I  s-ik.'.l  I  mil  ...'Me 
f.  e  ;  --.  ikai  (-.'a'.' 
t  .  i-  I  .il  a.'.  11, d  da.; 
I  Ilk  ■  spa,  aal  ;  l  1 
n  I  ai,.  ;-'  ua  ,  a' 
\-  ■'  id  I  . '  . '  hn'.i  I"  ' 
\      "  -  : '   .'  u  i    n  '  s  J 


;,a.-.M..,'.,a.aiU.. 
!..'  1  -i-.s  I  1  e  ini''.,;; 
1  -:  a.  ui.  la,  '.!;,.:.  ; 
la  deV.id  i:  •  .  I  (  ae  i 
I  .  '.'.la  c  .'aaiii.iia:,   . 


i 


\', 


I, -.'a', 


II  iin  la  a  .,  'v  -i'''ia,:i 
i.odi'.Hik',  1  il  d.i-,'  la! 
flea  i.'ia,!    f  Sa 


t;..'  I.  I, 


1 '' ' 


laa  1  111..;  -a  1  ■    :  . 
I   \   ,   la  ■   '.!,   ,t 
r  .:  OK      :.^'..\  '.- : 
»  aa.').,'.  .1  '--'  'ai  k 
C-i";-;'      .,i,' 
tke:,'    ...    ;  >.-i'  I    ':. 
p  ;i .  1','  !■'  '  a  II,    '. 
v.li.)  hi.I  i'ia.  I 
tlait  (.kj.te/.  '.  . 

■aid  his  piia--  ..'.:\ 
.Me.xK.ii;  n  -bill  '' , 
ti  Miiia-.t-  '  "'  '  !  '.I' 
1     \  III',  a.:  ; 
i'..bleiha    M      a 
ti  a    I  iian  !ii  ■  a.i- 
oai  Tve  lo'ii  ke.i' 
v'  .■:'  -.  .ill,!   la    ^ 
''  ,',, ,.  1  ,r|.  I'l  l'i.  k  . 
'',  .a  i.\    Ilk',.".  II. 
li'. .',   I'a'i'  ..la  I  .\.. 
■     la-   "i     la-  ■-..'.   ; 
! ',1.^0:1    1  .  1  ■  V, 
i;,'  le  ■   ■     a.  ii 
ki  .a    a    ,     ,a-  1  e 
1    ,   '.     .,'ia  ',   I  1 . 
a,  1  ,  !  -I     n  ''■   ■;    : 
t .  1  I  .  -  !  ■  •  a  ■ '  '     '  ', 
1-1..  ,■  ;-  a^.i  .,,il 
^,1  iliii.-,a.'.e'"a 
e.uii  e'',  '    '..ea  :■) 
ia--',  I  '    .1     >  I'  >    ; 
:ep'  .  '.',  '.-..  \.  1  I'  ik. 
*'!    ik    le  VI  lie'.'-,  ; 
i^noi'.^ii'.  ol  t'ie.i..!s 


i..,1tC  v.  Mil 
)iii  t  ;  rtiiil 
•.  I]  i.irn.-i', 
iiu  CIS  .iiul 

I'll' ilii-ir 

•  V,  II  ti  iIk- 
[■<'.. i\:\  I,.- 

'j.vi.J  [!,u- 
1  a.culL-  .r 


t.l  ol  '.hclc 


■  f  .iirv.i  ;1 
t..'.lt  ul  lI  :^ 

.S;i.:n.!!i 
11'^  :;i:o.i  r. 


'.  t  Tp;-.;- 

ir  uirtrct ,, 

l;i<ii.in  . 

ti;c  S;  .1- 
1  :ic  Litii; ;  ; 


s , 


.tha- 


111   .1   O.ll  ol 

!k'i  !  tii.j 
l^'ei..  Cri... 
i  iiiipi.iilili.- 
aiiv  lor.iHT 

ifpuiati;:;! 
[c  accidcnr, 
I,  aikl  In  111;:, 
;iill\ ,  al  a:i 
K-li  (unit  [u 
I'lr  his  !;k:i 
^  tlicinlclvcs 
ii;all  ;;.l^tic■^, 
II  llir  McM- 
c'!s,  aiul  .■■> 


mpIaiiKil  iM 
IV  iiii'j  lit  tl:;- 
an.',ainl  al- 
lolcll.lou.l. 
it  a!i\-  liiiiir. 
.t  1.1-  oiik:  ,; 


i.f!i','  III  lilt, 


■m   I.  ,1  li 


:i  ;t 


.i.lC   1, 

I'l.  ■ 


lA, 


1^: 


.llivli. 


.!;    W 


.AMFiilC'A. 


1'.  I,     Ili   ,    IOIVmI. 


V,  Cill   1!'.  '.111.'  I.l'l  U  ll.UC, 


N  O  P,  T  IT     A  ^T  F.  R  I  C 


til* 


llic    Spaiiifli  qnni 


t:  I  -,  uli'.ilu-r  Ik: 


ml  Vi)lu:iMiily,  iii:ill  :\\>]k  u- 
•.v\\-,  i\\;i\  pt  til  !i  iiL  \..i^  a;;iiul(  il  liy  :i  cunipaiiy   ol 


■  ini  Ill's,  v  r.vi  '.nil  I'liii 


led 


iM-iiiti.'/.  .;r. 


VU '.     ill 


II  i).-  r,:|il\    li; 


Mill, 


.-.■1 


1,    l,V    ll 


V   llii;  lluliiiMiiv 


was  I',  n- 

aml  Ills  Ici- 

laul    late,  iliii-w 

t'.ifirl.lvfs  at  111-.  I'l'  1 ,  '.'vVavnin  mi  .;  to  c-a!''-  liiiii  ol  ihi- 

I 


I  •iiiicntiir,',   Hull'   (iiipLr')i 


1:1' 


ll  1   tllOl'^ll,  U  iK'll  111' I'C'l'uVCIl'd    j 

It,  Ir.'   hi  •'  iti  to  <.-\ri'.-is   lii'iic  ' 


liiir 


\'rc...  I. 


\U,    r,i::i.\'li 


ta  I'  !l!'.i. 


;i  I.;..  It, 


111'  ai  irlll 


III 


1  it. I  cv  ■;:'.,  I',  V.  tt  uiiMir  :ip- 
a.If!ii-"i  a.-,iiii!'.  Ills  lilc:  '•  \l 
,1,1  !■,  I  Ml'     til,    liV  V, iiii  Ii  iir- 


'  1,  '    I' 


1  :•    W!  V'll    11!'    I 


M. 


:t'  ■  V,  ,    I 


■..  Ill'   I  lav.  i\  :  il.i  c; 
i;    1  \\''.:l  1     r.lli  .:.-i 


It:  i; 


■J   V.  1U(  I  ■  !"(. 


•I,   111  I'ltiii  nul  in 


ill 


nil  liK  !(.■';(  ■ 


IlK 


\\  ■  I. 


.1  iu     i 


i:    "l!    u  i;  li  111    <i\v;i  liaiii 


Don  Dicpo  \  eiiifquc?,  t^ovcinorof  Cii'ia,  heme,  in- 
f  'niict!iluitL'orti-/.hailii)t  ■.v:tiii,;rcut  fiic<  ci'sin  McxitJ, 
:iiul  «asfnde;ivouriiigtoreniltrliiir,rclf iii.li. pel  liciuiit 
liiiii.tlcilai'al  liiin  ;;  iditl,  ami  liiii  I'ainihiuo  t!c  Nar- 
Ml'-.:,  uitli  Sc-  111'.-:  ,  1(1  i-cdiicc  liiiM,  iiiui  take  upt;:. 


ilif  in-ii'iiuul  ul'  tli'j  SianiOi  Ivixcs  in  M 


C'llCU. 


Wlicaciipdn  L'oric/  leaving',  a  p,:ii''!l":i  in  lit-  tiiy  f)f 
Mcxi;(),  aiul  coiiliniii!',  Mtjntiva.ir.a  :lij;c,  ir.a';:i-Lj  to 
meet  Narvatv.  Ills  rival,  liirprilul  iii'nin  thciiii^iif  ti'in.', 
maik-  Iiiiii  pi  iloiier,  .im!  lo  n-iiiiptisl  the  olikcf  oltlic 

N'aivai.-/.,  hy  the  rii  h  p 

recti  to  io'ii  C'oiitv.. 
ic'.il,  lie  retuiiu'M  to  t!i';  city  v(  Mexico 


fioup;  that  laine  o\ei-  with  Aaivae/.,  hy  the  rii  h  pro 

leiiis  he  iivtde  iheni,  th..i  tli^'\ 

Th 

:i";  .III  ;  :'.!l.l  II',  .1'  riiaiiiiuiif'  hiii-.!:;! 


.inf'( 


.  erl\:l  '. 


Ii;lnliic  til. 'I  ciiijiir  ■  '■,'  f'i)i\e,  v.'i:!,',!]!  L'liirtiuij;  iM 
/.umaoi  hi-  l"i;i>iici'-,!ieiriaicdilrii  iiioiiurch  v.  lui  mear. 


ghto 

olUc- 


i  •.mciniit.    !.  .'.  lame  ol  t 


ipaiiilli  hiilorians  oblcive 


'I'  enii' 


iv  I  lie  e; 


until 


'!■.,;  h 


hil   ■.111 


h.   k; 


I     :;i 


!■  '  '■  t 


■  ,;  li!ai 

:.i  :,  ::;,\  r 

'  .l\e  t'l  u  I  ■  !';1 
;  out  ol'i,  ;'  ;isi 
Vil  V  A'..  11  ihil 
.-,  hr.  1  ;l!-..l, 
I  llv  li.  ;  1  re- 
.  .   the  ^  '.iiiilli 


li  .'  \  illiu.iiiu;".^  a. 
.  !    i'.-,.il  t..M.,:-i.. 


,  I  lllel.i 


Ml    ll, 


n'-,  i!i.i; 


I     T.-  I  1 1'  int! 


iIll  C  i-i.illi. 


"1   11 


I  Mk  u  la; 


l:-v,  1 1 


,1.1  C' I  to  pi:!  'r::i 
.'.-.  iii'liueil  ii;i  '.1 


ll 


ive 


(1  t'.ie^ii  I  ...  1  ip.i.ti'tvr- 


I'vi.i;:!  hii;'.i,\'i  l.ii. 


ll  r.i.'.  ml' 


;i  1 


.ill  I  '.liir.l, vi 


!■!  :  V, c  iii.il,..'  I 
li::!  he  111-', ill   I 


■r  ;  i  ,''  :'r.\   i 
,ii4-  .inei.i,.; 


'Ii.it  111  till.  11'.  committeil  a  \e;y  irrear  error  :  lor  hai.) 
I'le  '.'eiKi'il,  o:i  his  rei'.ii  .;i:i-'  i:i  niumph  wirli  furh  an 


:ul.li;iiill  ot   f, 
leior  .iiicl  hi^ 


:is,  eiuerc.l  inr  >  aireiiry  v.ith  r;;a:em- 
■i)i!itv,  tliiv  'A.  "..Id  Invcvieklcii  to  al- 


'ui  lie  nii'.ou  '.avf 


■d  thi"  . 


)f  ."^.ruin,  1 


lii'iii  ll  ill. It  ciiipir''  I  '!■  th.'.'  '.: 

■.\  iih'iiu  :!ii\    lii.D.llli.d.     i!i:t  h, ■'.•.. It  too  nnii  a  clued 


us  ma.lcr. 


.  I'Ji  liKiel-  lo  thii,'<  ,11 


.  iiie  r.v.  ati: 


i):\ 


,.'.'« Ill  U)  l:i\  o 
.,  and  IV;  11  ri  ■ 


M'- 


ic.iiis  all  iiianner  ol 
iiiii  di.'l;v'!'f--.  iliat 


I  ..iliii;!'  to  ilelh'A  til.  Ill, 


heiii'.  1'  i,ir:,K  or  t:' 


,1 

1  Ji'  foiiiid 


..  i/.e  a 


11 


LM.llI  111.';!  C'.;  ''^;i:U'il.llds  :il,k 


r- 


tlvj 


Mill  lie  lint  ;i.  •;  i!  ,i: 


'.'  foK 
he  i  r.v  iiimfc 


If 


at  tir.  luad  '>t  i  i  co  ^i^^; 


,.t  e,  11 


ni.i'au'  liiili 
"e  the  Mexi 


•  .liul  t.jni ,  wish  a  mul- 
le  Ikoiii.i  b''  a.l'le,  by 
.:;-.d    n-.,".ke    flai'os   of 


tilt-::;,      li 
t'.ii,  iii'il 


icar  p.i'v  lii'i  \  (TV  ile.U' 


1 

ll  ildilii'  ij.ir  ,1  I 


r.y.-  h 


I'tael! 


ni  Ol   /'-.c  hpa- 


teiaie  .niians  ni  leareh  o' 


wiio  'vvi.  ;e  I'l ; 
V. ..'!  e  'iinoiii. 


till'  t.iithel 


.1 


par'  uf  the  ci; 
.iV  1 


I  tie 


)' 


111  ilanLVei  Lit  liaviiur  then  rLtrcac 


it  off 


tor  tl 


.\1.. 


.  .   •   !i.it,  uitli  the  led  of  llii  troops, 
o.'.  ly  ek.ijed  beinj;,  ihiived  or  cue  in  pieces; 


deieii   l: 
.lid  lo  a'.iai  k  L.it.'.:  in 


jy  ihcir  (I'jipair, 


,  I'.lim 
I    rv  ;  aiii 


a  n','r:ic;  .n;5  I'.;;  riU.n,  and  a  riam  •:[  n'tule 


till/ 
lle- 


1  \:!; 


Mill.'.,  I  I   iiitrc.Ki  ..ici.i.i  III 


f.iC: 


::  .  I  llieir  ip:  iiii!  ■>, 

.  '.w.i.ld  h.n  V  ".-  all'; 

;  i"i!   t  I  the   .''"ivi'ii.u 


'.I'Mtie-  ii'on  Inn. 


ikit  t'li.t'./. 
ad  ;.,.a'.  ol 


i:     'Ml 


111 


ill. I'  miiuli' 
!i:;Ml'  .1  of 


.u\. 


.M 


•Ml  .ii:  n  .nui 


■I- v!V.vi! 


!  ^i.  ',  .i 


I'  ,1    I'.lU 


n  1.1  111  ■,  ll   111 


lie  III  1 


M 


1,  ".1    ili.iii  hi-.  .i:l.    '  1  M-  l-r  ilie  .S;   11.1  li- 


lt any  linio,  1;.;  made  a  iaiiy,  I'.ctound 

.'i  broken 


die   11 


ml-,   i'lKl  the  bi  K 


ir.iii,  \  hull  len'ieri  :i  111-  civaliy,  in  a  iTianriCr,  ule- 


.1  ,). 


;ia 


ic  otf  victori 


orio:; 


to 


d,  h 


1   .ininuu  .1  a 


I  V  (ireac  ei  ror  m  l:iLi:ir'i,: 


liiiiillli  UP  ,11  Ml 


Hillmli   lo    r.rU.e 


:xii,.',  ll  j.ii  x.iieiiceif.  v.as  alni 
it'i.-'.'  :,  aiul  where  he  i 


iiiipi.iiiii  .1  Ul  n 


i'.-.  I'll   111  1   .  ^iV.hl.'ls 


iiLiik,  ;■,  ol  ;ril  i!ie  I  11 


,  th.;:  i-.a'l  t  i 


the  v-nelti' 
I 


wiL  ;ni- 

ji  :id  ii: 
y  Lein- 


.11  ihe  ln,.i:>  'iiioii  ihi-  hike  ;  !.>  'i..!' 


.i'C 


::il,    u  ill    .ll!  t:,el 
'I'l-  'iii-.h'.  I:.i\  e  c' 


11'  "■  deliiovi'd  1>\  ill',-  e.  P. 


li  ail. 


:t  till. 


mil  e.-M.'.iidv,   in  al.iJil   tir.ie,   i;c   rrd'.i<:'..d    b 


I: 


tins  (111 
ili 


Irefs  (.' 
M 


irte?.  tiu;  ;t' 


i(    to  'JIK 


vcuv  ll  re- 


(.    :it  ili.iiion  V.  nil  I\loiue.'.:;i.:i,  r.ii'.i  ir.  iivt  uie  ot  the;iii- 


ih.iiiiv  he    liiil    lel.iiiie 


iV.i  11; 


.V  ilo    11  i!-,  n  .iiii; 


his   1 

d 


u', 


llU't  tl 


jeCls  10  imliiLi; 


'ania.'-i. 


I.'  ni:lli  11  I  III  Ol 


r.k 


ll  ,i;i.  I'l  I'll  h  .1  ; 


ii  ll,  it  V.  n,  iirel'iinicd,  tl.:jv 


I  i!ii\ 


il'.h 


i;  1,  oiic/ 


11. 


I  I  |. 


i.'i'na'ii: '    ! 


.I'r    i;i:'!i. 


.i, 1.1115,    and    .1111- 
,  ll  ,v.  I.)  ill.'  Chill' 


ll  ..l    hi.M 


iliii 


M.' 


'.    U  .       ll     '\ 


111.-'.  t 


M. 


t 


V\    1  '.   .If  VI  ll, 

i^noi'..ui.  i.'i  t l:e,t,lc 


11  .the  i.n;!'j' 
.:  ti'iic  !i  '  nil 


In   i.in  1   V.  ,:■{:, ".u   t'l's  Luii!. 

uit:   '.,l..l  nii.ileii. 


uoiild  rea.'ilv  liavi  loiiie  ini  .-,  tiial  tl.ev  iiin'lit  >':•;  'id 


ot   it  peo 


'1.    lo   im.ih   dieii.kd. 


A. 
im,  M 


I  as  hati-l,  by 

prop>)!'ed   and 

inti  ?.unia  ai^pi.iied  on  the  butlenient-..  of 


iilinj'lv,  a  i''arie\'    liei. 


a;_'ie.i 

the  p.ikice,   ami 

I  i:u;  t)  Iveir  wli  u  oveiiuie^    lie    v.,nilc!    make   them 


lO.ii;-  ot  i' 


h 


iicaii  noliiliiv  .uK'an- 

ild 


!,,-  <, 


the 


:i,i  i: 


lell  Ub,  '.111  ir  eiinpcoi  ir.ade  a  lp,.'.eli  to 
I  herein  liC  s',ie.ii!y  repnpn.uded  tiiem  tor 


his  liil'ie- 1  -,  w  he 

l.lk  11  '  i.p  r  ,,  :  V 
ir.ti'  I'lo'i  I'.i  ol  .1.  1 
ilnit  l-.e  \:.,  ,  i.iiidiiy,  iiiidei  iv.i  iiianr.er  ot   reilrain 


.1  h.i-.  k  avc,  thousih  i'.  w..s  >vi,|i  aa 
lilieity  ol  tiu'ii  piiKee,  d.ii  iariiig 


ie  n  ii,i'.  .1   with  ilie  .Spaniai( 


dsl: 


'in  elii'iee 


that 


ll  '  tlv-ii;',.! 


I  hiiulelt  oblh'^ed  to  liiev.'  tlie  bpaiiiard'i  this 
tav.iii:  '  .1  .iieuiiiu  of  the  relpiei!  they  had  al\vay'>  paid 
him.,  iind  O'.if  of  duiv  to  th..  iniiiee  that  had  lent  them  : 
tli.ii  their  fi'abally  bciin^  diipatchcd,  he  was  about  to 


M 


f'l. 


H 


;i'j 


A  :\ 


F.V\',  ROVAI.    Nvn  AU  I  1  H'.'i  llC  SV-n",M  ot-  VNU  1  iCS.Vf.  GKuC.K  M  If 


('.il-r.is  t; 


or.'i  Tficri  tri.1  ii  h;s  Civ.r.t.  ;i.i. 


(i!i 


iM  l.i. 


^■"iV,!  tti.;ir  .V  tv.,  .1:1 


,1  p  n  ii'.tfiT'.jit 


mri-.i,  :in 


.1  li.'  ih  1  il  1  !i'.  l.lv  p.'.r^t  ).i  I'lCirh  ;vi:i.; 


•.!>..  oc  1.5  •.'lU 


■iiva. 


Mc 


ri:;i  1   litil'.'   rcj;i;.l  :.>  tlii"  Cprci  Ii. 


\V 


I   r    vi  1  I  ii.-i! 


p  :t  rit.i  !ii>  :!i 


ii'i  I1V  th'.'  S|vini:u\l'i, 


!  >  •.(.•  ;\f 


nri 


,1  •.-uU' 


■.vIiijIc  pi  I- 
iit'il  .1  i'lt 


.r 


r\iu1  tlu-v  v.-crc  UT.liMi-,  il  iiuy  i  'I  i!u-:ul\ 


t  ■.  !->ih(.v  h,;d,  t.iov  :iv:.i  ncv  .c- 


\iio:l  U'.  1 .1:1  'tlKi' 


Tl 


'ivl   tort',:''!.', 


It    I'-f  n 


ii,n 


i!i  I  I'J  Mc.\:..ins  cxp'^-'itv 


M. 


.1.11.1,  aru 


jr.i 


f.M  1:1.;  t 
t'  til'-  I  ■■• 


I  i\-  f-.ur.d   lliimluf'.i'.l  am  n;.'  t'.if  "^  .i..!. 


.a  !!  t 
.11  the  u  1 ,  lu 


ih.iiM 


<1'1-" 


riR  M 


.11  1  II. 


il  «.'.■.  .i 


t     ;■  ■,!    ' 


i.>;;i  i.:'ii  .1: 


hi- 1; 


I     -V  ;'U:iiil  il'ay 


11. n  i.u  1 '   till 


11  '.lii.'  ^I'.ll'.'i 


!.:;::  1 


p   iin  li'v  ot  cctiiiy;  il 


.1    .A    llulL-  ID 


1  h.'v  h  \  1  tl'cn  n  " '■  co.ipc.l  r.p  i;i  :li:-  t- 


It  Id  ,   \\  ;'.il 


V.  i%  Il  .• 
!'r'>kt  il 


•0  lir,i:"j;'. 
hl';t:-i'ilu; 


U.-U,   ..11  ;  t     '  11  v.li';;ir  .1 


i\\  !i  llic  n.  I 


:l  •.  ■■)  ri". 'M'. .  I 
iilii^ilV.'.  r. 


('.■...  M, 


..iiii,    V.  f;  I'  .ivi  ^;  ■• 

lili  il  '.v.i  ,(iark,  .ill. 


t'.:::;l 


M.'l.  (    .  i.l 


II. L'  i.lKl', 


(1  ii'ailf  I'.u.h  !i    Ii'.-' :inil  n-'iii'ics  n  tu    :;;i'> 


t'K 


mill!' 


:nlc'lvc5  l'..l  I  I  I'liMi' 


r  tiu.r  ciiciiiU--  ',  "  ''^''--'i' 


■l.'.kL' 


iiii  ;lit  r.  It  i)a.\'  re  Tivcj 
:i;,{l  th.ir  i:'..!..;n  .iilics 


f'-'jili  ;cinto;i.:i:i'ni  .  ti    'ii  ^,  ii;i 


j;n'\t  (111  I 

thiii^  t^i  "ppi-ic  iiui 

f:i!is  rt'l' 

<.f  irni-. 


11.;  i.ic  111  \')c,\  open 


I  I 


h  vL-  in.i 


t!,t.';'L'l'.);c,   ;i'.it  t.)  i 


lll"L- 


■t-.!ihc 


jri'..it;  V. .t:i 


.'0  tlvi:  n^oy 


;.il  c; 


;iv,  Il  :\i:':\  1.  > 
-•;     Tlu-M.  ii- 

i.;  '  ■  ,1 1-'.  lI'.'.i.M 
iliiin,  al'  1:;;.. 
aiiL'>  ail  uriii>.Mr,i- 


li  1.-    :... 
.  IK  11  y\i 

.■.!-    l.f. 


t  .1-  '.;!■. 


•.I,  !  Ilk  I' I. 


.M 


.1  II. 


11. 1  ■''.  . ;;.'  ''I  !^  i  -I    '    t 
HI.  .'I'll  i    lii  i.K  ,t  ;   tl) 


ir«i  .1  1:.    Il    I.; 


I    Ml-   -.1. 


t  1  y.l 


I  iil>  .1,1 


,i:li 


111. 


I  tlr:;r  li  m  .-.  an-1  luiilJi'^ii.; 
r'i"'  i'lii  ot  ill.  I;  C'j'Lir.tiy  ;  .iii.; 
:l!  I'.v.-  a\cH'':'L',  ih.il  tSicV  l!i.  't  .!! 


It   10  tli.,.i.  a: 


I 


III- 


,li. 


traiii'.il  K'ily  i- 
iiitv  i.'t  c'L.ii.:.''e.  ./ 
ilii.iM'flv.'-  t  >  ti. -'  1 
il'.iv  w'.-ii.'  I")  civ.ij: 
ii..-,r  I.'  ill  s'.riir  t  '.■ 

W'l  fu'i  .1    lli'll. 

(.■'.!"..',  ,i.-.ill:v-',  the  M.\ici".i  ".'•'•  n::  t  '.:t'a  ir..('.' 1 
v.'i;h  ■;,,;. .11  .IS  pi.,,-.,,;'.l-.,  ti  iin  wh.it  I,  n.!  [  r^vr.  ill  -v 
KMA-:.  :'  '  l.i-.  I  I  .V!.i.>'i; '.itrt- :'hv.i  1:  Ipc.i' ,  a:itltliil 
it  ^>  'iii.i  ".■•■:;;"  .1  '.  .r  ■!.  to  '^lal.-  ''i  i'. '  r.'  i;  I  1  thv  Jay- 
ti  ,.    'wJto    ;;.'::i.  ;  i;  .:i  I  ;.  .!    ;;;::!. V.t.     Ilr.'llh-; 

ill,,  ,,  ,'.  lrc:\U\  ,  tli.'ii't."  ■.-,  .1'.:  ):i..  1  liis  :r. -.1,  w  i:li 
v.'lii.ii  tiu'.-  '.■••C'.L  '1  '•  .'  ■'.  -ii  !  11.! I'll,  f  1;  r  :'.::•■  j.;!ri.  1  I.) 
..    .  !   .  .;   it  ii.i  q.i...  tl'.-'.  .It  iiii.i- 


.  I .  . ' \  111 


.\I 


l,.:i 


■I   ,1  I. 


.n:. 


iiiv.'!-.  .;.  1 
ii.:-  ti..'  \I 
I 


I    , 


ti   .1'.    I 


1...-.  '  ,1  j ;  ,.     ,  I  .p'l  I'  1  tir    1; 
.  .  t'l  -'       ,i.'i  ,    I '1 

.  .,C  .;;   .'.  1,  '  ■  ■'. 


I  .'.i.'l.'ill'.il 'K :  ■-■  i  irv.,i;i;  .ii  p,  ..ri     ,  .  .,  k   .    ,   i      1 

1    .1  ■    ;•:  .'t  :•.;..'..;.  ''it,  V,  nil  i;i  .■.;;  1    'I   .-,  i  i  .1  .p.        1 .        , 

I  1;  .;  tlv.  li.i.:     !  til.,'  (. ....'iny  1  >  ii  ,  tir.'.  '.:.■  ili  1  ..  '     .\w 
rt.i.  1)1' 1  l:..'  ri.i.i  1!  ;;iljrru.)iii  , !)  lucliicvi  i  .1.'.  ii  i-.-c 


vttr.'it'.iU'    t.-r.rciii 


an  i:n:;i:  .  -  .uii, 
r.i:',Iit,  ;•■..  ■..".'. t'ur  !< 
v.'li'-it'-.-.'  1.;-.  iii.iJi'ii  '•'■,  t  ..  ;  '  i.c  ii:iK'  I  i:k\- ilci!  ,  Ir.il 
lie  liaJ  :)  '.  '.  h  '.,1  t  J  .tn;:!.'  tipjii  ilu  r.  ii.viy,  iv'  tc 
lie  foiin  1  liiuilcil  .itt..ik.'.l  111  cvi-iv  liil.' 'ly  •ill-  Mi-\i- 
c.tns,  l>.-.t'i  I  y  I  Hi  1  aiiu'.vati-!-,  tlic'i.ik.  ^^vin-i;  li'.li'.!  v.  1  'a 
tlicir  cia  i.-j  or  !•  ),;ts  ;  .1:1  1  ;is  th-,',  i.l  lii' ikc  ilouii 
t!it  liritl  'Ci.  aiui  -Jiit  tli;  cunlv.  i',  .i  ;;  ;  n.ili  i:i  kvcnl 
pluci.  (''.'.'  .'^p  "lii'ili  'Aiii;  111  '^r^.u  >,  ;iL;^r  lit  kv'::'.;^ 
fr-iiiic'!'.'  (■'.:  1!'.  Ck'itc.'.,  i:..!c'c.l,  ka  i  iortici':!  tlkri, 
at'.il  pr.,.vi. '•-"',  a  I'lrrablc  !i;:.!cc  ti  p  I'k  I'l.'  k.r'.-.i..  h.'.s  111 
t!!cca'i!'."o.-.i'>  -,  wliick  w.o  ut  ii'.'i'at  i.l'c  to  hini  ir.  Iivoral 
places  ;  k..*.  tiic  In.'.lia:.*  i  niiv,!  ir.'-Mtii  to  iU:h..>y  tliis 
k.!'u|./c  kvt"  uc  tiu-y  '.-.  c  \:  all  p.i'.i'cl  o-.jr,  an.i  tiitir  rca;  - 
>".!ari!,  I'l.:  filini^  ul  I  ov  v"  ^  ■Sp..iiii,ii.,ls,  mul  loco  con  ■ 
tVdtiatc  I.idians,  -vcrc  c  t  sa  pici  ■.■■,.  I'lu'v  all)  ki.l 
their  .:;t;;:.ry.  p.;f in;  S  k;at;^j;;".  aa.i  trcal'ao.  uitli 
4'S  h.'-ll"..  C  :'.i'/.,  il  ..uvci.  .'.;:hthc  kcit  pait  i''his 
fjrci',  kr.jk'--  lhr..',:L;h  thi-  ladi;  is  and  ■dcap-.i'  to  llic 
iithcr  li.lc  .if  rill- lake.  S.jim.'  i.apiitc  thk'-  '.il-i  t.)  tin- 
;iv  irii'j  '  t  hi-  I'lldiii'^,  \.ho  '.vcr.'  lo  lotiicd  '.vith  txokl 
nnd  lilvjr,  tk.at  tli".  (.o',il.,l  lca'-..c  make  iil'c  of  ilicir 
.ii'-iis  :  ria  i  p.;  !,'..;.  lai-;.'  i'.'.  ly  b'.  liviic  trr.tli  in  it  ;  lv,;t 
■>■.■;■  ;'.-'ii'.'. '-  i'.\;''  .)  .c  u  1  .>  1  oiili  Ici-.  his  cii'v'ii.ri.hiaci'i, 
•.ii'i  i  in:  it  o;  ::;;  ):i,  th.it  !■(.■  '...^  Vi'iv  iTt'iaatc  iii  ci- 
cini',.!^  1.1  ..Lik  1 1 1.1  tli  ■  '.iv.r..'.  jii.ivid'.'ii  a  liody  'it 
fnrf'js  t..  .'.p.ii!'  k.iii  '•  !  :  i  i.-  |iinhi'i  li  Ir  ot  llic  1.1  kc,  lit; 
nv.id  iii'.",;'.i'.'i'.  h  'VL'  p.  .  alii'd  ;  li'it  thL'\'  di  J  not  c'<pc.;t 
his  liili..-  >  .:  1  .  .'.'J:.:r  :ly,  '.-Ijicciaily  in  that  tcilipel- 
tuni-.  k  .1.  )..,  .1.  .1  .«Lix  ..  .: ,  t;.::r'jf.>ic',  provided  to  at- 
tack hi  .1 

Dc^  .i".  t'l:  '■■.  '.  .'i."i,  (.'iiicavours  \n  c^ivc  iii.ipar- 
ticMl'ir  :ii  :;.:/.  ot  :ii.-  .■;.'.,  .1  hai  ('■.  the  val'i'ir  and 
C'-iaihrt  ...t  C.'...,;i./,  ...;i  '■..  utii  1,  .  ,ia.!  mloni; .  v.  i..jw 
f,'cr','  oac  k  .1:  I'Miilic.  .11  all  !i'  la  liii .  aicnioMb!;.-  le- 
i.i-.'.it.  ;  :■:  p.- ;•,'.■.  ds  to  '.  ii..,..i  1.  ,  ihat  ihcy  ,irriv.:(i 
iu  ^  In  il  V.  .,  i'.av-l;.iht  oa  lirai  ',1  111,  aa'l  tho'i'^hi  i!i-,  ii- 
i'iv:  ,'.'C!;,  i:  i;.,-.yiii.'.f  ;k  ■  -  .',,.11  1,  n;,  loopp.  iliiiticiu 
(i,..-..-,  aa  i  ;...:.  :k'..'.  -v.:  :  ■..  I'll  1  ,'  ■  .  '.):■  ,  nil  ikjv 
{>■■:,!  li   -.v-  '..J  ii;':u.uid  fccjvci  Uic.i.lch'ci  Jioiu  ilicir 


'.jViit.in'-a  I 


.1,  t.i  .:i-.  ^ri-a'  i  I'p;:.'.-,   I.  ai^   ar 


!,..  1, 


1.'.  c',1  I  a  til.'  t  >p  .1  I'l  .'rvlii.di  u  i  I   ;  .i  1,  Uv  !:1  .ovi-  .'.l 
'  ih'j  V,  ii.ili- 1  i.i:.  a  la  lir.Mc.Mi.i.i-,  I  .1.1'  'iii|...i  -•    ::,.;oj 


i  ar-a,    I'l.i.ia  irp  la  lutt.il;,i  la  lirj  via.',   ■.  I    O.i.ii!),, 

I  tliro.i.i'i  uhii'.i  II  .\..s  a.-cciliiy  t.i  ;  .ii  .   .a  in.  "  ly  '  ' 

'    I'll!.  4.1:  v.k.cii  ;, -'11  Coi'i,.'.'.    inadi"   .i.ilv   t.i.>iiiiit 

;  '-V   il  t')  ];:    .ili'ic...^,   *'  W'c  r.'.iiib  !.i;''r:r  dr.-   .ir    cni- 

"  .1.1'-!  ;i  iviia  ■  .laaacoi'ii!  Jil  iid.i.a  i;i  !ii    ;  ikk.  is 


'r 


o  cap  1  ;.-•,  Iic  liii  a.-.iiaicly  led  tneai  oa 


11.  a. -lit 


'.'.a-,  f...  10  i.c  tia.j,  ii|.  10, ly  .la. 


,1,-ii 


i.-ii 
!(oi- 
t-.'/,  a;  :  .k;'.i,lia.i  h:s  iiici  -v.  ..Id  I'.c  ,.  .;  — '  .'i:  !'.• 
t!i.:  i..-ia.ia  .  .1  li.p|.lii;.  .1,'  iii'.ii  :.|  ■,-,  'hiv.i  lli.'  la- 
ili  la;  :  ".  aid  la  up.ia  !ii  .1,  ;:;  iv:  i  ;  a  ;  :  :■;;;.  11  a  t'  llic 
biitl.,  I  V  ,i;:a.k;a^  t!.:.  iiapcii  :1  a  ...d.u.!,  i-irii..!  1./ 
the  M.-\a.ai  ■;■  ae;  li,  wia)  ■,.  is  :'.:r.o.;..  l:d  i.',  i!i-  u..- 
hihty  ;  1  ,r  11 1\  la;.;  i".  tcl  thca,  kill,  i  lia:  i.-'aei  d,  .la-.I 
t  .kea  ti.i  It  la.l  I .!,  i'\"  n'l  ..I  taca-  t;.)  ,p.  I'ir.;,.  Itae;;- 
ba.,.k'  I'.illl-  l,.i  1  1 '.'.■. :.'p'a-!',';.i  ''t'lai'  •  '...ie  li  ua''i- 
tcr  !'V  lie  Sp  ui  1.1 1.1  s  .i-.-i  tki.:  !i:d;  in  ..'ii.- ,  v,  a.i  an  ic 
taen.  .1.  .  .an;  ;,-  la.i  Tal-,  .v  a'l  rii.  Ip.,1.  iiili.  eiica.v, 
t'.ii'  the  t,c.;lu;e  lii.-y  1  '.'t  0.1  I'.urii..^  !..-■.!!  tac  ii:y  ul 
Me\i.  (>. 

Lo::-./.  11  )'i'  f.'i-ia.l  r,  ae.  id.ay  t  >  ^..'.'.ivatc   a   p  '..'..l 

undc:.  a.i'li    _',    '.'.  .tii    i!ie    c  ti  "•.c^  aa.i  1  'aa  .--i  ot   llie 

ci.'iaiiv,  :   1  I  I  1  I  ik,  .lie  :  <.  i.ip-,  into  111    i.i'viic,   aail 

iL.ide  lii.ai .  ll  :a  .'Icr  '  't  : .  I  !i  P■l:t^  a-  laiahi  be  0:'  mall. 

.11.  iiit.i;'/  I  1  a.,.i  la  I  .■.!u.,'a':  ;iii  lilv  vl  'M.-m.  .1  ;  .aid 

!',  la;  i.o..,|,l  a  .:  .li  pi-j-ich  il  I'','  kia.'!   U.:!  oa  ih'.  1   ili'.i- 

.'.:,'.  ,,  lij  i  ",i'',  i  I  ;.  .1' latiii.  s  .iiid  llojp  .    '..  li.iib',   il..: 

I  Ci.aiic  HI  ii' er  ot  the  aa'.  i.j.iti.ii;  ot  ikciake.ar.d  ;i..'u 

a'licke.l  tile  t   '■va  by  '.'.aieras  .^  ell  a.  -a  the  1  in!  Ii.k-, 

h.ivin^';  alviai  ic.  .S_...iniard    in  ha.  amr, ,  aa.i  .' .  >/  o  i 

Indian  aliicj.     » le  t-iok  th,  lUy  by  ll..j:ai  ...a  il..j  1  ah 

ol'  Aii.',iii':.  I  -,.    . 

'!       Oiiehuadr,  irl.  .  arindM-xican-- pctifh- '  ind.  kai.  c 

!  of  t:ht:c!t  I   ;i  1    .:o;;'.;ac:t.  w...  ataa;  h  d  \v  .h  di',- 

i  1  a  .n.illioii     .     .  J  '.  -.1  ih-' iica'ji  .)oui  ill",  pi;.-'\.iaa.    .v.iiu 

I  Lonlcnted  co    ;; -k.u.'.  le-i./j  lae.n!'- li.^''.  a...     '  .  . ..  iko 

I  I  kin;;  ot  'jp.iin       ii.,  then  cin;-.".i'.jr  Can:,    'i  .a 

I         ■]  il,;  i.iiy  .jr  ?\i'. .iicy  bein  ;  lii  u  :  .I'ai  j.l.  i  i  .!'.': ,'.  J;:' 

I     nii.n-ie.l  iLi.:  .il'jliJer  aniuii  '  i.a.  !■.•'.'..  a  a  i\  ic'-.,.  .  n.  '  ..a'v 

j;  a  iitui,   ".'.'•.•.*  cii;  ui'jil  .v-tini  .iv!v  «M«ii/l>«.^    «■  .     •  <? 

it  i>'»if 


k 


iiil  'Wf 

1 

••  ■  WW: 

1 

■  '.'■«■'' 

« 

'■  31 

>i 

■V     '     lli'i 

fl 

fsiN 


!  II 


Mil 


i'fl     '      I'll 
t'    > 

f 


!.i4    ! 


-*t^ 


■  1     i  r. 

'     1     ! 

1 
1    ■■ 

i  ) 

'?!' 

I'llli 


i 


:i' 


m 


I 


■  :.,  t 


•^x 


'i 


4 


m 


. ,    .  \..:w'\  lie  I  I't  >? 

-  .    a  it;  •■■(■  t'-  :  I-  111  try 
,  u  .i!i  ilu-  'i.iii'.-  ol  .lit- 

i.lV.      'if   i,  Ul   II    i      \    I  > 

j.M\      'o'l   /.  ImiI  io  iIk 
I  tin,      nu   .il.l,  ol    I  1'' 
|.  il  n  .    .1  in.iri'i  Ii.iu     :ii 
^  >K1  .m  '  lilvfi  vclli-.    : 
1  ivi-r,  \     .  Iicilis,  1)1. il 

ll.i      •i-i''      il''.'>i  p'.'iiil.ui 

lit'  I'l  i;<'  Il      iLAVtls  ;   111 
tiK  a;    '  I  ihi  if  piiii  •, 

1. 1,  I. lis. 


r.RlTISlI  ISL 


( i,  V  1 1!  A  I.  IV.  SI  !<  I  ;■  1  1 


N  ilu'  ■■y.i'iiiis  f  '.;iiip 

A'!l    ,i.    ;    lie  a    jTi.:! 

{■■■     .-,.    IV  .    ll    ,.|'-l-!l.ltM. 

il'.i.    -  ;iilu'(i  l'>  Icaiuc 

V,  1     I    l;i.i:.il:>,    lllClcly  V 

l!\.-;  I  Kliccullm-  w.lK 

t!i  'u  by  tlic  name";  of  ( 

oilr.rs  La!l  tlu-a  r!,c  C 

t,.  ,1- .     TliC    lie  ill  .1 1": 

iiic  cu.'i  ■  ''  Kl  >ricl.i  ti 

A  -.v.-ri'.-i,  n:-:ir  I'v  liv 

Tii'j  cliiiuio  ot  .ill  1 

til'    tunc,  .i'lo'.si:u;   fi 

n''iKh  thj  fi-\i-ral  lluia 

t';u-iv.t'i.Ivcs  prodvicc. 

ti.^y  arc  coniinuailv  I 

xiliicli  would  I)E  ii.ioU 

{Ti.u'.uaily  a-,  tlit.-  Ii.ii  ^' 

I  |),):i  tliciii  Iro'Ti  tlie  1 

rii  iiiiHi  as  t'leiia'.  !.■ : 

( ':(■ ':':  ins  even  •.\n\. 

l;..:i.l,    A',  till   ni:;lu     I 

pr;  ■.  ■.  iVf.l,   \\  :iu  It  111' 

V  .ic  t'.o!!i  I'--  ceaifi, 

tiic  C  i;:i;i.itV  .^t  'Hh  <■ 

('.  .11.  -■  111  lliJ  Uil;>"l: 

f:.'i  1-.  1.^  mule  a  l;i' 

C.:i    .;■,    a.ul  bci-onu 

a';.!  Iiiiii   liK  ll  a   v.; 

fi  nil  liis  iliie  I  '•■-.■  iiiv 

ti.j  air,   .i.i'l  i\  li^ili 

il:'  lU  ;ii; ,  ■.vliu  li  ■.'.'tu-! 

ol  .1  i.;uai\  till  l!ie  l.i 

r  iiiie;   ll  njiis  "t  vva'.ii 

i:irii.;  .•ilii  v  :    tlie  1 1\ 

n,.  1  1  ike',  ire  tmnie. 

c  r.i  /.I  \'  i-  iin.lc;  w 

V.  'r,.li  iiave  I'l.  ir  i' 

nv,   ll  i.v  iheii   ban't 

\  i'l.  :.\  '\  eii-  ;  lieaiii.. 

ti.  .i  ll'..v  iinai.iiu-i! 

a  >■  .1.  iiiii,.'  anl  tei 

;;.iiiilMD!ial)le  ;  win 

rivei>  ill  the  world 

;iii  '  ilie  iiiml'-ure  ib 

v\   die  elimiite  iii  I. 

I  :  ,  ...Illy  didiiu- 

;li  li.  ■'  luiiii  die  ram 

y  ,-.,!  n'uiid.      I  lu\ 

8;«.l  I'l  M.1IU  any  liaii 

{>(.ii,  tl.ev  are  Veiy 

tl**ii;i^  1  ir;'(  a'ld  I 


N  o  R  r  n    A  M  i:  r  i  c  a. 


5'V 


i  ^  I 


i,i5'<| 


11 


1 1,  .in 

;,  u 

i.lV'.- 

I  lin 
I'll  n 

|,l,r 
I'ti.l 
m<  a: 
I 


.  '....ii'i  lie  (   It  t  >  S|-)nin  hv  l")  IK- lit'  Ins  |-iriiuip:il 

,1  •  \-  t'.'T   .■iiii  .111  ,ii  I  Kuiii  ot  lii'.  (  Miii|iieli ,  and 

I  ii;  ■.•!   t':.  .  I'  Ml   tiy,  ililiiiii';  Ins    M.iirlty   WDiilii 

111  il.i.'  iia   i!.i.iris  Ik-  li.i'l  .i|  puiiiu-il  in  l'/ivit'i 

t!i  ill/  "MiF'.'  ot ,  lie  I  >ii'ii*  ic'l  i.ui'l'',  ami  lii'iian 

'iL'  i.  1.1  n   .     •,  ;  )  III .  tol  licis.      AiUdiiL;  llic  ritli 

'I'l   /.  I'.;,;  U)  til  i-upriDr,  ii  is  laiil,  tlieri'was 

Mil  all!,  lit    I  I' 1  i.mI  il  t'')iin,  a<  I  ii-t'' as  the 

1    a  mati'i  Iiaii    ai  tin- l>iir",fll  mil  ;  a  iiohlc  li't  ot 


;i ' 


lilvi-i  vclli'.    :  Icvi-i.ii  iliino<i  calHu  i!,i)M  anil 

.  lif.Uis,  1)1.1/.,  liilu's,  tiiiiH,  aii.l  (lo'vcrs  ; 

iii|',s,  iii.-iiil.uu  ^,  iMil  otlKi  Diii.iincntil  pieces 

IcvvcK;  lu:ieol  I'l.'ir  iilnls,  untoi)  vcll- 

ihcr  prKj.>,  tiirs,  a.ii.1  tc.itlicrb  ol  vaii'iub 


K'  ',v'"<"''*l  rcqufllcd  liis  Imperial  Majcfty  to  fnid 
pciibns  ipulilicil  10  I'lnvcv  ilic  country,  that  it 
be  improvcil  to  flic  litil  ailvauagi-,  xvitii 
inilli'MiiriesfDr  rliei.onvtifinn  of  the  people  ; 


1 

o\  1 1 
iniv.ht 

pi  lell'^ati _ _ .,, ^.. , 

as  alio  tattle,  with  I'ceiW  ami  pUnis  to  improve  the 
lanil- :  init  it  is  (aid,  he  provided  particularly  againll 
the  lending  over  iihyticiui";  or  lawyers.  What  covild 
h:ivc  l)fen  his  reafon  a<?,am't  fending  phylirians  is  not 
eilV  to  he  conceived  ;  Imt  he  had  i  ertairdy  all  the  rea- 
fon in  the  world  to  dcfne  that  neither  laws  or  lawyers 
Ihoiild  be  adinittcil  there,  having  determined  to  treat 
the  natives  asllavf.,  and  fei/.e  both  tlicir  perfonsand 
P'liicllions,  and,  iiidccd,  to  ulnrp  an  ai  binary  duiii- 
nioii  over  IwUi  Spaniards  and  Indians  iii  the  New 
World, 


C     H     A     P. 


VII. 


IMUTISII  ISLANDS  IN  THi:  W1^ST  INDIES  and  AMERICA. 


( ;    V  r  n  .\  I, 


I): 


SI  !<  I 


111-     1. 


c  WF..ST. INDIES. 


3    A... 


V.    i 

t'u 


iiiiv  f  iMilpii  binsvi'cn  the  t  •.  ■/  c.intinent's  of 

Ilea   ;•'(.. ir  nil  iiliLi"  I'l   idinds,  cillcd!<y 

.-,.  :n  .11  ,.,'"c!l.iti -..I  (it  tlicWi!-  buiifs.  They  are 

.•  iiihai  b)  It.imcii  into  tin-  \\  iiidwud  and  Lee- 

I  Ifi.i.ds,   iiieicly  u  i.li  re  gar  1  m  t'lcii  iin;.ition  ci- 

1  >  die  eall  iir  well.     .Sonu-  ;^i'oj;r.i[ihersdiiHniniilh 

11  bvthe  name";  of  Great  and 


I.irtlc  Antilles,  while 
lirll  inhibi- 

t..  .1- .  Thi  III'  in  .:  f'.-nii  iivnlar  f.irni,  llrctchiriL:;  from 
iMc  ci.i.t  '  '  Kl  irid.i  to  ;iie  m.in  contiucni  of  b'.iuirh 
A  '.'vri  Ml  n.  ir  i'''-  river  Oioonoko. 

Til"  cliiiuie  ol  .ill  liic  Wefl-India  Iilands  is  neirlv 
i!v  iiine,  a'lo'.sir.g  for  ihofe  .in.iden;al  ..iitrerences 
'v'lich  thj  fe\i.Tal  li^uation^.  a. id  qoalities  of  the  l.uids 
t'li'iv.felvcs  produce.  As  thev  lie  v.ithin  thetn;iii.s, 
ti.cy  are  cnniiniialb;  fiibieft  to  an  exiiciue  of  heat, 
xiiiich  would  be  ii.tiilerable,  it  the  rrade  wind,  riling 
fLubially  a-,  the  I'l.n  gathers  IfrcntMli,  i\:i.\  n.it  blow  in 
I  j),i;i  ilicni  Iro'Ti  the  l..i,  ami  refrrlii  ilie  air  in  liicli  a 
ni  iniur  as  loena!  !.-ti'.r,ii  ;  1 1  illcv.v  rli-'i.'  nerellaiy  oc- 
elli ;  ins  even  .in. 1^1  ihc  •iif-ri.liin  I'm.  On  the  other 
li..:i.!,  as  iIk  ni;;lit  advaiicis,  .i  bi\-t/.c  lHt;ins  lo  be 
[■■■:'  iVc.i,  Willi  h  blows  Ihiarilv  tmin  i!ie  l.iad,  as  it 
u.ic  b'>i!i  I"--  ceatcT,  tnwa;\|s  the  lei,  to  all  iiomts  of 
the  CK'.ip.ifs  ..t  oiin.'.  l\\  t!ir  f.iMie  I'cinaikabK-  pinvi- 
d  jiK/ ill  iIk' dil;i'>ii:i.>.  i>t  thin!;,  it  is,  th'.U  when  the 
f'.i'i  his  iiiub..'  a  [\\>.-.n  pi  'i.;..ls  tow.ii.ls  iheti'ipii-  of 
(.".■.:i,  ■.  ;■,  .i.'.d  besiiincs  1.1  a  manner  vertical,  lu-,.liaws 
nh.i  In. 11  liuh  .1  v.i'l  bo.ly  if  clouds,  as  fllield  them 
fi  nil  iiisdiic  I  i-eiins,  and,  dill'olving  into  r.iin,  cmil 
li.e  air,  an.l  rcii^ih  ilie  couiiny,  thir'ty  with  the  Ion;; 
d:"  111  'iit,  '.vliii  h  .'  iierallv  continue,  lri)inthebeiiinnin'z 
o!  J  i.iuaiN  till  the  Liiier  end  of  May.  'I'hefe  r.iins  are 
r  r.  iie:  !l  hj.  is  iit  'vaur  p.iiind  Iroiu  the  clouds  with  v.iH 
iniiH ;  ..ilii  V  :  the  livir-  rile  in  a  moment  ;  new  rivers 
a..'t  " 

C'Ti 

ov. 

Ilk 

ti.  .; 
a  .■  . 


I  ;ke^  ,re  liiiiu.i  ;  .iiul,  in  a  Ihort  tin;e,  all  the  low 
/.M-  I-  iin.le;  w.iiijr.  Hence  it  is,  that  the  rivers 
ii  have  lUiir  in  ircesuiiliin  the  tropic:;,  lv,cll  and 

II  i.v  tlieir  bank-  at  a  certain  feafon.  But  lo  iiiil- 
.1  'A  ere  ihcancieiu  ■.  in  their  idea  ol  the  toi  rid  .'..nic, 
tl:.V  ini.i'.iiusi  11  to  bedi  led  .ind  Uorchcd,  up  widi 
.  inu..'  ard  lei  a  ./lU  heat,  and  to  he,  fur  that  re.ii'in, 

■>i.iiiih  iDilable  ;  when,  in  reality,  fonie  of  the  Iar{;ell 
riveis  in  the  world  have  their  cotirfe  within  iislimiis; 
Ah  '  ilie  in.iill.uie  ib  oneol  the  grcatcfl;  inconveiiieiice.s 
ol   the  elim.ite  in  leveral  pi. ices. 

I  !  ;.  •iiily  dilliniHioii  "t  feafons  in  the  We, I  Iiulies 
aiii.-  Imi:!  tiic  rams.-  'I'lie  trees  arc  green  the  whole 
\  ■■•'.  reunti.  1  hev  have  no  cidd,  no  troll,  no  liiow, 
?..f  111  M.M'.iany  hail;  but  when  llorins  of  that  kindhap- 
{■i.n,  iKev  are  vciy  violent,  ant]  the  hail-lloacs  are  ex- 
lkt.«.iia^  Iii;k  aiid  heavy. 


h  ij  in  t!ic  r.iiny  teaion  that  t'aey  are  aflaiiited  by 
hunicanes,  the  molt  terrilile  c.ilauiity  to  which  the  in- 
habit mts  of  thel'e  iflaiid-.  aie  fiibject.  One  of  thefe 
liuri  icancs  deilroys,  at  one  llrokc,  the  labour?  of  many 
years,  and  bailies  all  th-- enileavours  ol  the  planter.  It 
is  a  ludden  and  violeni  llorm  ol  wind,  lain,  thunder, 
and  lightning,  atteiuled  v.  ith  a  furiouj  f.velling  of  the 
kd,  and  fom^timcs  with  an  earthquake;  in  (hort, 
witii  every  circumllan.  c  wiiiilithe  elements  can  al- 
I'einble,  that  is  terrible  and  dclh  active.  Firft,tliey  fee 
1  as  the  prelude  to  the  eniuing  havock,  whole  titlds  of 
I  Ibg.ir-canes  .vl-.iiled  inti'  tlieair,  and  fcatrered  ovc:  t!ie 
f.iceof  the  country.  1  he  ilrongeli;  trees  are  torn  up 
bv  the  loiit-,  and  driven  about  like  llublslc.  Their 
windmills  aie  iwept  away  in  a  moment.  Their  uten- 
lib,  the  fixtures,  the  ponderous  copper  boilers,  and 
llills  of  fcvcral  hundied  weight,  are  wicnched  from 
the  ground,  and  battered  to  pieces.  Their  houfes  arc 
no  proieciioa,  the  roots  being  toin  oft"  at  one  blafl  ,• 
wliilll  the  rain,  which  riles  live  te':t  in  an  hour,  rulhes 
in  upon  them  with  iiiefiuible  violence. 

I  he  hurricane  comes  on  cither  in  the  quartern,  or 
at  the  lull  ch.inge  of  the  moon.  Ii  it  comes  on  a:  the 
full  moon,  the  tollowing  ligns  piecedc  it.  Th.it  day 
you  will  fee  the  iky  very  turbulent;  you  will  obferve 
tlic  fun  more  red  than  at  other  times ;  you  will  perceive 
a  dead  calm,  and  the  hills  clear  of  all  thole  clouds  and 
mif;s  which  ufually  li.>ver  about  them.  In  the  clefts  of 
the  earth,  and  in  the  wells,  you  JKMr  a  hollow  rumbling 
found,  like  the  lulhing  ol  a  great  wind.  At  nigiu  th-,'; 
liars  teem  much  larger  than  ufual,  aid  lurrounded 
with  a  fort  oi  burs  ;  the  north-well  (Icy  has  a  black  and 
nu'naciiu',  look  ;  the  fe,',  emus  ii  ilrong  fniell,  ami  riles 
into  vaii  waves,  ot'tcn  without  any  wiiul ,  the  wind  it- 
fell  now  forfakcs  its  ufual  lle.ady  eailerly  ftreani,  and 
Ihitts  about  to  the  well,  from  whence  it  Ibiiu'.imes 
blows,  with  intcniiillions,  violently  and  irregularly, 
for  about  two  hours  at  a  time.  The  moon  herfelf  is 
lurrounded  w  ith  a  great  bur,  and  fomeiimes  the  fun  has 
the  fame  appe.ir.inee.  I'hefe  are  figns  which  the 
Indians  of  ih.le  iilands  ■  uiglit  our  i)lanters,  by  which 
ihey  can  prognollicate  the  approach  of  an  hurricane. 
Sugar,  the  grand  lla|)lc  commodity  of  the  \V ell- 
ladies,  was  not  known  to  the  (ireeks  and  Romans; 
though  it  was  made  in  China  in  very  early  times,  from 
whence  we  had  the  (irll  know  ledge  of  it  :  but  the  Por- 
luguefe  were  the  liill  who  cultivated  it  in  America,  and 
bi ought  it  into  life  as  a  luxury  in  Europe.  It  is  not 
fettled  wlictlier  the  cane  from  which  tins  tubftancc  is 
cxtraded,  be  a  native  of  Amciica,  or  brought  hither 
by  the  Portuguefc  from  India  and  thecoafl  ol  Africa  : 
but  however  that  may  be,  in  the  beginning  they  made 
tl.e  moll,  as  they  ilill  do  the  bell,  fugar  which  coines 
to  BiatUetin  tjii*  pattof  Uifi  Mrisrld,    Tine  juice  within 


'      i; 


i:  'n\ 


^^ ,  ii; 


''  %m 


3  ikPr 


Ii 


...:<*' 


■:    ',' 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


l^|28     |2.5 

■50   ■^™     H^H 

■^  1^    12.2 

!!:  1^   illlM 


1.8 


1.25    |U    |,.6 

M 6"     

► 

/I 


7 


y 


-«^ 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  873-4503 


7/? 


f/. 


t/u 


:/, 


J 


'<*. 


5t8 


A  NEW,  KOYAL  asp  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  or  UNIVKK^AL  Gi.OC.R  AIM  lY, 


i 


UJi 


I 


■t 


.r-' 


the  l\i£;ir  cane  is  tlic  moil  lively,  elegant,  ami  Icitl 
cloviivj;  fwccl  III  iiaiiiic  ;  ."■ul  wliich,  Uukeil  r.iw,  has 
poved  veiy  iHiuuiVf  ainl  w  luilvloiiie,  Fniin  tlu'  nu>- 
lallcsrvini  is  diiliik-il,  anii  tVoni  tiie  Iciiiiiininfis  oftlio 
j"iiij,di',  a  liicancr  Ipii  it  is  procmcil.  Uniii  liiuls  its  ;iuu- 
kfC  in  Noitii  AiiHTica,  wliere  ii  HC()nUriu\l  by  itio  in- 
habitants, or  cui[)loyc\t  in  the  I  liaii  trailc,  oidilhi- 
biitfd  tiom  thence  to  the  filhery  tt  Ncwtoundland  aiul 
othi-T  parts,  bclidcs  what  ciimes  to  Great  Hiitun  and 
Ireland.  The  tops  ot  theeane,  anil  the  le.'.ves  whicii 
gro-v  upon  tliejkiints,  make  verv  gotKl  pmveiuler  tor 
ea;ile,  and  the  leluie  ot  the  cane,  after  p,iiiuiini^,  lerve^^ 
f  >r  lire;  To  that  no  part  ot  this  cxeclleiu  [l.iiu  iswith- 
Ol.t  it5  Vile. 

NVhei!  iiungs  arc  well  managed,  the  rvi  n  and  ino- 
iallcs  are  computed  to  pay  the  charges  ot  the  planta- 
tion, and  the  lupars  are  clear  gam.  HoAcver,  thi. 
expencesot'a  plantation  in  the  Well  Indies  are, dou'.it- 
leis  veiy  {;veat,  and  the  proiits,  at  the  tint  view,  pre- 
carious :  tor  tiie  chargeable  aiticlcs  ot  the  wiiut  uiU, 
t!ie  b.iiling,  coolini);,  an  1  diit'.llinc;  ho'iles,  anil  die 
b.iyiiig  and  fnbiiilmg  a  I'uitablc  nunil)er  nt'  llaves  and 
cat'.le,  will  not  liilFer  any  man  to  begin  a  lugar  planta- 
tion ot  any  coiifequence,  not  01  mention  the  piirchil'e 
of  the  land,  whiciiis  veryhij!;li.  under  a  capital  ut  at 
lealt  jJcqI.  Nor  is  the  lite  ot  a  planter,  it"  he  means 
to  acquire  .1  firt'.ine,  a  life  of  idlenefs  and  kixiiiy  ;  at 
all  r::ncs  lie  :rni!t  keep  a  wa'.chtiil  eve  on  hisoverl'eers, 
and  i.vcn  oveilVe  himl'elf  occalion.iUy.  B:it  a:  t!ie  boil- 
inr.  I'-'nl  III,  if  he  is  pi'Micrly  attentive  to  his  atl'airs,  no 
w  ay  nf  life  can  be  more  laborious,  and  more  ilange:oiis 
to  the  hcjlth  ;  from  a  conllanr  attendance  day  and 
night,  in  the  extreme  united  heats  of  the  climtte,  and 
!"o  m  inv  fierce  furnaces  :  add  to  iliis  the  lolles  by  hur- 
r'—.-'Cs,  c.uthqiMke',  and  liad  leaf  ms  ;  and  tlieii  coii- 
fider,  wlien  the  lugaisare  in  the  calks,  that  he  quits  the 
hazard  of  a  planter,  to  engage  in  the  ha/.aids  of  a 
irerch.uit,  and  ih'ps  his  produce  at  his  ov.n  rilk.  Not- 
«  'thllanding  thele  cnniidcrations,  there  are  no  parts  in 
th^j  world  in  which  great  fortunes  are  got  in  lo  llio:  t  a 
'!•!"-•,  fro  ;i  the  produce  of  the  earth,  as  in  the  Well 
Iul:i-'.  1  he  prodirtsofa  few  good  feal'ons  generally 
pr  vide  agvinll  tiic  lil  ef?e-h  of  the  woilf,  as  tlie  pi  int- 
er i- llirc  of  a  Ipeeily  and  protitiblc  marker  for  his 
p'-'d'.ur,  V. hit. !i  !i  \s  a  readier  (ale  than  perhaps  any 
orh'.T  cniiimi.Mty  in  tlic  woih!. 

I  he  ia'j^ei  [  lant 'lions  are  generally  under  the  care 
'f  1  ma  la/cr,  orihief  ovcrlecr,  who  has  a  good  la- 
1 1^  V.  «  i(h  ovc  Iters  under  him  in  proportion  to  the  t  x- 
i'.-:!t  oi  tlu  pliiit.uion  :  foaic  plantations  have  a  fur- 
t:eon,  at  a  fixed  falary,  enployrd  to  tak-  care  of  the 
iir^r.ies  wl'iih  belong  to  it.  Hut  the  coiirfe  which  is 
t'^e  \<v\  tiouble(o;-..e  to  the  owner  of  the  elhite  is,  to 
U".  r'f-  ii-v.h  ,  with  all  the  «oiks,  anil  the  Ihn  k  of  cattle 
.i:i;l  ilavos,  to  a  tenant,  who  gives  lemnty  for  the  pay- 
rv'-iit  of  the  lint,  and  kcc]  i.ig  up  repairs  and  lloik. 
■|  he  e'Vi;-;  is  generally  ellimated  to  llich  a  tenant  at 
liait  tne  ret  produce  i^f  the  bell  years  ;  fuch  tenants, 
if  indulliiousand  lineal  men,  loon  make  good  cllates 
It  tlitmlelves. 

rile  iifL^o.',  in  the  plintations  are  f;!bllfled  at  a  very 
•e-l\  I  1^0.  Ti.i' is  generally  by  allotting  10  eicli  ta- 
miiy  "t  them  a  liivill  portion  of  land,  and  allov;in-' 
li  em  t'vo  lays  in  the  '.Neck  (Satuidiy  and  Sunday)  to 
ffltivaii  it  :  I" .trie  a.e  lubiilled  in  this  manner,  but 
others  tin.:  h-.ir  ntgr  ks  with  a  certain  portion  of 
</•  1  I.',  lai.d  liiliin  C'  r;.,andti;  Ibme  a  lalt  herring,  or 
.;  :  -•■■l  tcir:i  .11  <•! ',  ,1011  or  fait  poik  per  day.  AlTihe 
•m:  ■)!  the  cliii-e  onlifts  in  a  cap,  a  Ihirt,  a  pair  of 
l,ieeche«,  ind  i  I  l.mket,  the  wh  le  not  exceeding  40s. 
a  Var,  an.^  tiieiioli'  olilv.ir  hi  oui  yields  10  or  12!. 
I  liL*  jiiice  ut  ii.en  negroes,  on  their  firll  aiiival,  is 
f''oi\i  -^^  n  V  !.  Women  and  grown  b,)ys  about  ;os. 
'■•  :•  ,  but  111'  h  r:-gro  fanilies  as  are  acquainted  with 
t'  -■  tii'li.irts  ofrh.-  Iihiids  generally  bring  aho'.it  4c!.  on 
<'i  "veiagcone  v.nh  another,  and  there  arc  mftan'  e,  <A 
H-n'!'.' r.e?'o  ni.tn,  cvprrr  m  buhnel-,,  hiinging  ;  ;o 
'^'•incn  ;  a  i''  th-  wciltii  of  .1  pl.inter  r,  io  neially  i.j;ii- 
i-i'cd  Inim  •'  :  ni;,Tiber  of  (laves  lie  pfjijetlo. 


Tiailers  here  miki'a  verv  large  piolii  upon  all  they 
fell  ;  but  li.iin  the  nunieiius  llii|ip!ng  conltanily  ariiv- 
iiig  ti  >:n  F.uroj>e,  and  a  coiumu.ii  limelfion  of  m  w 
,idve:iiurers,  each  i^'  whom  carries  t)ui  iiiiire  or  lefs 
as  venluie,  the  Welt  India  niaiket  is  tiequentiv  ove;- 
llocked  ;  nio!ie>'  mull  be  railed.,  and  goods  a  e  litnc- 
tiiiu'-  fold  a;  prime  coll,  or  uivie:.  Thole  who  c.;ii 
atlord  to  llore  their  goods,  and  wail  lor  a  better  iinr 
ket,  acipiire  tortunes  equal  lo  any  ot  the  pi  iiiteis.  All 
kinds  of  h  induraUlmen,  elpecialb'  taipciiteib,  !)rick- 
lavtr-,  bia/.iers,  and  coo[:crs,  gii  veiy  great  eiieoiN 
rapeiiient. 

i'levious  to  oui  del'ciiption  ol  ilu  I'.ritilh  Illaiid':  in 
Anieiica,  we  lliall  p;elentour  le.idcis  uiih  the  lull.iw- 
ing  Table  <t  the 


W'   1,  >    1  - 

I  n" 

T)  f 

A     ISLAND  S. 

UI.IM     ». 

i)T~ 

L.  irf  Towiis. 

liildiifiini;  10 

laiiMicu 

140 

60 

\i  igiion 

ureal  iiniuin 

iijlll.lJ.HM 

.:! 

'1 

B-iii?,(.-town 

Ditto 

St.  Ciiiii;(i;>luT 

20 

7 

r...Hl-!c-iTf 

Onto 

Aiuiru  1 

2.1 

;o 

bt.  John'i 

iJmo 

Nivi.i  :ii\.l              { 
.M,j;:;i.-r:-.,t             (, 

Hjchul  t!i!U- 
i-   iH  mi  c 
;:.   ^'c.ii.l 

Cinries-Town 

iMyiiio.r.h 

Dit'o 
Ditto 

l!;irl.uJ,i 

to 

1  : 

Ditto 

.•V..5;u,ila 

s- 

iS 

Ditto 

l)()lil:;-.ic;l 

2^ 

1  ; 

i.)itti) 

^:.  V  ircent 

■=!- 

15 

Kiiit'_(l.^ii 

Ditto 

tiri-ii.ui.i 

!0 

'5 

5t.  tiorye's 

Di.to 

T.h.,sa 

5^ 

Q 

fuiicc 

Cu'm 

700 

'/  > 

H.ivani..ili 

tp  an 

Hilpaniol.i 

■t->3 

1   /- 

t.  l')v  ir.mgo 

Do.  &  Fran. 

I'orto  Rico 

uo 

10 

Porto  KivO 

^p.iln 

1  niuu..*i 

<;0 

to 

liitto 

.\l.;rgur;tt.i 

40 

H 

Ditto 

M.irtinko 

(,0 

3"^ 

St.  Pctcr'j 

trance 

(;u.-.,!.,!.ii.pi; 

4i 

3' 

Ii.i:re-.i-rre 

Ditto 

St.  l.UCl.l 

2  ) 

12 

Ditto 

-St.  Uarilu)lon'.L>\v,  ^ 

-■.11    0 

them 

Ditto 

Ucl'c.id.i,  ar..l        > 

1  lie 

uiiler 

Ditto 

M.irii;;'.l.nitc          \ 

,»l.Ic 

Ditto 

-St.  i'.ulhiiu 

i'J 

circ 

1  he  n.iy 

Holland 

Cur.ii!iio 

.1'-^ 

!•- 

Ditto 

St.  I'homas 

I? 

circ 

Dcnm-irk 

bt.  Croix 

1 .1 

l!.iru--Ki,a 

Ditto 

A  M  1.  K 

1  c 

A  N 

I     1  S  L  A  N 

D  S. 

Ncwfi);miil..iiJ          , 

.!S° 

200 

Placeiitia 

tirta.  liriijin 

Cl|H-  UrctDll 

100 

(lO 

1  ouillviurg 

Dito 

S;.  Jiilm's 

00 

io 

Cli.irliitJe  I'l.wn 

Ditto 

1  he  Hfrmudas 

JO.OdO 

aircj 

.St.  (it-orge 

Ditto 

1 ,11  Ikh.imas            ; 

•iTy    1 

umcr. 

N.Uiiiu 

i.'itto 

F.ilkUnJs 

Juan  reinarultvs 

i|    1 

() 

t'r.iiil...biit:,l 

|-ue:,i                          1 

Dili,. 

Ciiil.X!                         ' 

.12    1 

21 

C,,,!r.> 

J     A     M     A     I     C     A. 


JAMAICA,  whiJi  is  the  largcfl  of  the  Hiiiilh  Well 
Indian  idiiids,  was  firll  dii'covei'-il  by  the  great 
Columbus  in  th-  vcar  i6'i4,  but  at  thai  li  ,ie  he  did 
iMt  .ittcaipt  to  make  any  fettle. .leiu  theie  .^oiiie  years 
after,  in  his  f  luitli  expedition,  Ik  was  ea.''  allioic  iiere 
by  a  itorm  ;  the  lols  ol  his  lliips  putting  it  out  of  his 
power  to  get  away,  he  iniploud  the  hu  nanny  of  the 
lavages,  and  received  tiom  them  all  the  help  of  ana- 
tural  companion  :  but  thefe  peojile,  who  pl.mted  only 
tor  their  own  necellities,  wcieti;ed  with  n, aim  lining 
itrangers  who  put  them  in  danger  if  llaiving  by  a  f.i- 
m.ne,  and  therefore  removed  theiiil'elves  infenldily 
t'-om  the  neighbourhood.  The  Spai.iaids  no  longer 
kept  any  mcaiure  with  the  Iiuliiiis,  and  loon  grew  lo 
rfiutinou',  us  to  take  up  ainisagainll  their  comiii.mder. 
Columbus,  forced  to  yield  to  their  threats  to  get  out  of 
a  defpcraic  iitiation,  took  the  advantage  of  one  of 
thole  app'iianccs  of  nature  wliere  a  man  ul"  genitis 
fomctimes  finds  a  rcfouicc,  paidMinMe  thro'i;.^h  ne- 
celTity.  Hr,  al'tonooiical  knowlel^^e  iiifoimeVl  him 
ihat  there  would  loon  bt  an  ccliple  oi  the  moon  ;  and 


AMERICA.] 

hcdef.red  alhhecaciqu 

fr ni  hi  11  lone  things 

When  he  was  in  the  111 

pio'ulii-d  rhem  for  then 

td  lil'O  :"id  his  compiii 

for  it,''  taid  lie  wi;h  an 

tioil  whom  I  adore  is 

liis  moll  terrible  ftrokes 

moon  redden,  grow  d.i 

onlv  the  prelude  of  yon 

refulmg  to  give  me  pro 

lyn.are'lfpc'.:-.uig,  wilt 

cd  :  the  tiight  was  gei 

thought  themfclves  go 

mercv,  and  promited  i 

to  them,  iliat  I  leaven, 

li.id  appe.'.fed  its  w  rarh 

relume  its  co  i.  i'e.     .W 

rived  from  all  parts, 

lie  c  Hild  wiili  to'-  til! ! 

'I'lic  co'.iit  I'f  Spain 

muca  to  Columbus,  w 

ntl.er  puts  on  a^  coui 

litu.ilion  :   he  called  it 

Diego  his  Ion  v..-i-,  the  f 

nf  ihike  de  li  Vega,  t 

Ve'^,a,  founded  I  v  hin 

Don  I'lego  h.id  cait--' 

frn:;i  St.  Donuiigo,   w. 

quimi  I ;  othei  s  li>oii  to 

after  tli-y  all  deferte  i 

'J  he  Spaniuds  had 

bill  all  their  llttlet-.u-n 

fif  the  Imliin';,  fell  k 

tion  iiu  relied;  aiul   .1 

the  illand  pro  luced  v. 

to  tint  ,^fSl.  Jigode  1 

I  100  houlif,   tour  cV.i 

habitants  ol   this  c  11  \ 

which   foll:iws  tyranii 

themfclves  to  live  on  li 

they  fold  to  the  (hips 

whole  people  of  ihe  il 

ritory  whiili  nouiilhv 

was  coiilim  J  to  1  -;.^,7 

rants ;  wiieit  the  i  :i 

ca;Mia!,  made  ilicm:( 

tlu  re  in  i'\vv 

At  tiill  tlieir  new  c 
pait  of  that  fanatical 
umphed  under  the    1 
TI  ey  were  loon  i'.)ine 
went  t.)  .•\mcrlc.i  to 
their  defcu,  and  t-' 
fpirit  ot  divillnn  wh.i 
tiie  two  larties  m  V.<: 
feas ;  theie  was  enoi" 
fccnes  ot  horror  .uid  1 
Old_     Hut  a.lmiial  I' 
conquer, ng  lam.iic.i, 
the  \*  iiel;  and  br.ive 
Ccnivir  ofiier :  it  w.i 
Croiiiwell  tN\  iic  lul 
plaie,  ami  Ixth  ti.ii' 
the  hi  id  of  aflaiis. 
inilit.irv  :  h,"  '1  id  to  ' 
icilonv  ''ntii'  ly   f"'i 
or  11  pel  ill'.'  invaiioi 
to  utovei'  v.'h.it  tlu  > 
tlir  ^('ci'.id  >i,is  lelV 
inelit  w.ts  Cilabiilhii' 
iheoihei  illands,  -W 
try;  but  the  tirll  atit 
without  any  nu-thod 
the  police,  |iiilict ,  ;i 
thai  il'f  liodv  ot  the 
ill  in  I  is  ;it  pref'  nt  ;' 
Ihit  cwlony  was  I 


L  -' 


AMF.RICA.j 


K'  O  R  T  H    AMERICA. 


5'9 


1)  S. 


hci!c-l;r(\l  ill  the  caciques  to  airemblctoj^^rtlier  to  he.ir 
fr  ni  111  II  I')  nt;  tbinj^s  very  inport.iat  to  their  fafety. 
When  he  was  in  the  ini>llt  of  the:n,  after  haviir^  ic- 
pioichcd  them  for  tiicir  eiik  Itv  with  whii  h  thev  luHcr- 
til  hi'ii  ;mi(1  liis  coinpinions  to  [urilli,  "  lo  punilli  voii 
for  it,''  (aul  he  with  an  air  ot  i;reat  iin[iortance,  "  the 
(ioil  whom  I  adore  is  'JiOiii;^  to  iiifli.t  on  yon  one  nl 
Ills  iiiDil  terrible  droke'  :  this  evenin..!;  vou  will  fee  the 
moon  rethlcii,  grow  dark.,  and  retuf;  you  ligiit  :  this  is 
onlv  the  prelude  of  your  mistortiines,  if  you  perfilt  in 
refv:lin;^  to  give  me  provilMins."  Coluiiilnis  hail  hard- 
ly (  c  ale  lf|>e!k  in;:;,  when  III'.  i>ifdidioi)  w.isaccoinplilli- 
cd  :  the  Irivd't  was  general  amona,  the  lavages  :  they 
vhoiiLjht  theinfclvcs  j;oii!'.!,  to  he  deftroved,  lieu:;reil  tor 
nicrcv ,  aiul  iiroqiifed  ev.ry  tliiiis:;.  }{,•  tl.en  (ki.lared 
to  iheni,  ihat  1  leaven,  touclul  \vitli  their  repentance, 
li.id  appc.ited  its  wrath,  and  that  Nat'. le  was  going  to 
re!u:ne  its  eo  i.,''e.  ,'\fter  this  monicnt  provilions  ar- 
rived from  all  parts,  ,iiid  Cohimlnis  had  eve."  tliin;^ 
he  r.nild  wilh  for  til!  his  depanure. 

Thetoiiit  '.f  Spam  had  gr.inted  the  property  of  Ja- 
maica to  (-'olnniiiiis,  w!iorp,ive  i'  the  preference  to  all 
ntl-.ei'  parts,  on  acco'.un  of  its  populo'.il'nels  aivl  happy 
fitu.ition  :  he  c.illed  it  the  "-icilv  of  the  Indies.  Don 
Die;.^o  hisfiin  was  the  full  jiovciiior  ot  it,  with  the  title 
of  litike  de  l.i  Vega,  fr-mi  the  i  ity  ot  St.  J.v^o  de  la 
Ve"^.!,  fivinded  l:v  him,  and  uliic'i  liet.ime  its  capital. 
Pon  I'lv'^'i  h.id  iai(-'.i  nliioi  I'O  Indi.uis  t.)  f^o  over 
tVn::i  St.  noMiinr;",  under  the  i.  ii  hi  ^  ot  Juin  d'tl- 
qtiinv.  1 ;  oiheis  io.in  toil ow  e'l  t'le  ii,  but  in  a  tew  years 
after  th'-y  all  deferte  1  th.e  iliand. 

'1  he  S'panruds  had  built  fev  ral  other  cities  here, 
but  .il!  their  l'ittle:-,ients,  ere:V-d  '>ii  the  dead  rc:iui:i^ 
of  the  liidiiiis,  tell  to  (.lec.iy  as  fall  as  the  depopula- 
tion iiiueiled;  and  .is  the  r.ivij,ers  were  cinvinced 
the  idand  pro  luced  iio  ;;(;1'-1,  they  w'ere  loon  leduced 
toihit  :'fSt.  jattode  la  Vega,  which  then  co'uilled  of 
iinohouils,  tour  cl'.urches,  and  an  abbey.  I'hc  in- 
habitants of  tins  tiiv,  pluivAC'l  ii'.to  that  indolence 
which  follnvs  tyrannv  .itter  devailation,  c  oiuenied 
themlelvcs  to  live  on  loine  pi  mt  itions,  whole  overpl'.is 
they  told  to  thclliips  '.vliii  h  pui'c.l  by  their  c;;  ilN.  The 
whole  people  of  the  ill  uid,  collened  iiiti)  aloidl  ter- 
ritory wdiich  iiouriiliv  I  tiiis  ulelels  race  of  ileili')vers, 
wa.s  coaiiiu J  to  i  y->o  ll.ivcs  lO'iiimmleil  by  tlieif  tv- 
rants ;  when  the  I  .n  didi  '  oniinp,  at  la:!  to  .itt  ick  tlvir 
cf'ital,  made  thenilclves  in.ilfti-j  ot  it,  and  lettLd 
tlurc-  in  i^'i^. 

At  liill  tiieir  new  rr-!  •nv  had  only  ^c-o  iiiha!iita;its, 
pait  of  that  fanatical  niiluia  v.-hich  ha,' touv^ht  and  tri- 
umphed inider  the  ^.bclli•Ml^  iLindard  ol  C'ronuvcll. 
They  were  loon  iomed  by  .i  niniber  of  royalilf^,  wlio 
went  t.)  .AsT'.crica  to  nicer  with  loine  alleviation  f.ir 
their  ilitVit,  a:ul  to  eiii'iy  i!ie  c.ilii  ot  pe.ice.  The 
fpiiit  ot  divilinn  wluc'n  had  |o  Ioiht  and  to  ciiiellv  re  ir 
tiieiwo  ]  aities  m  I'.urope,  tolhiaed  iheiu  b'vnnd  tiir 
feas  i  theie  was  en'iu;.',li  to  renew  in  the  New  \\  oihl  the 
fcenes  ot  horror  .md  blo.idlheil  foolten  rejieated  in  the 
Old  B'.a  .idiuiral  I'eiin  and  (..ilonel  \'eii;\iilcs,  alter 
toiii'pier.iijj;  Jamiici,  had  left  the  comm md  to  one  of 
the  \Miel'.  and  bravell  men,  who  by  giioil  luck  was.  the 
CcniMr  o|i'.(_er ;  it  w.is  I)'()\  icy,  a  frieiul  to  the  Stuait?. 
Cromwe'l  t\<iie  tublli.uted  fiimi-  "f  hii  parry  ia  his 
plaic,  aiiil  li.iih  ii.iKs  ilieiiileatiis  ledoied  I/Oylevtn 
the  In  id  i«f  afluiis.  His  manner  ot' nilinj;  wa-.  quite 
indit.try  :  he  hid  to  keep  in  order  a-.id  Ro\  erti  an  inlani 
I'olofiv  .'ntir' Iv  C'lmpofed  ot  loidiers,  and  to  pieviiu 
or  II  pel  ih''  mvaiions  of  the  Spaniards,  who  iniphttrv 
to  let  over  vdiat  thiy  had  jull  loll.  Hut  when  Charles 
the  ^('co,nl  ^vrts  lelloie  1  to  I'.ie  throne,  .1  civil  i'.>\fm- 
inetit  vv.is  elii'iiillied  at  J.'.maic.t,  firmcii.  like  thole  i.i 
tlicoihei  itland'-,  alitr  i!\'j  model  ol  the  mother cni.n. 
Cry;  but  the  liill  attempts  were  conlined  locompilin',';, 
witlunit  aay  itiethod,  tome  pryvilional  rei:;ulati.)ns  tor 
the  police,  |uilice,  nnd  tinar.  e'-'.  It  was  not  till  I'iSi 
that  tl'e  body  ot  the  laws  w:is  formed  by  wdiieh  the 
ill  in  I  is  I'.t  prefent  iMiverned. 

Ihis  cgloiiy  was  foiiuieifed  alter  the  Reform  uion, 


that  it  C(?ntained  tS.ooo  pcrfons,  wiio  had  almofl  no 
other  trade  bur  their  depredations  on  the  Spaniards. 
Sir  i'honias  Moditbrti,  .i  rich  planter  ot'U.irbad-.jes, 
was  then  governor,  who  came  to  Jaiiaica  to  increafc 
his  polledions ;  he  introduced  into  this  illaiid  the  art 
ot  inakini;  fiii;ar,  and  of  plantinj^  cocoa  trees  ;  and 
erected  l.ilt  works.  1  lis  attention  to  eiicoura;j,r  culture 
and  induiliy  could  not  make  the  people  of  Jamaica 
ji,ive  up  their  maritime  expeditions  ;  adventurers  ol  all 
kiiiils  increafed  the  croud  of  theie  romantic  pirates, 
who  olreii  delervcd  the  appellation  of  heroes,  known 
by  thenimeot  |- lec  hooters  and  Buecat'.ecrs :  thev  in- 
felled  the  wli.de  Welt  liidiin  Sea,  and  laid  walle  all 
the  coalK  uf  the  New  World.  The  plunder  of  Mexi- 
( ()  and  Feru  was  al'.vays  earried  to  J.i'iviici,  both  by 
the  nativc'i  and  llianc'er?  :  they  found  in  this  illand  a 
'greater  telicitv,  leeeived  more  protection  and  liberty 
than  elfewheie,  both  to  diletubark  and  to  f[iend,  at 
their  own  plcafure,  the  booty  they  had  acquired  in 
their  coiirfes.  Thcie  the  e.\travag:'.nce  ot  their  debau- 
cheries loon  pluivj'ed  ihe.-.i  into  dillreli.  lliis  only 
Iting  of  their  eruel  and  bliodv  indullry  made  thcin  liy 
to  new  combats  and  to  n-w  prcv.  Thus  t;ie  coljny 
proiiied  by  tiieri  ontmual  ch  ui  ;es  of  for:u!ie,and  en- 
riched itlelt  bv  the  vii'es  which  were  the  origin  and 
ruin  ot  their  trealmes :  and  when  this  lawlcls  race  uas 
dellruyed  bv  its  own  aclivitv,  theie  fame  trealures  be- 
came the  bale  ot  a  ncv  opulence,  by  the  help  tlity  of- 
tcicd  I  -)  uiereat'e  the  pLmtations  an,l  prod'.i  lions,  orto 
ojien  a  contialiand  trad'.-  with  the  Spaniards.  On  the 
whole,  in  whatever  point  if  vic'.v  any  one  conliders 
Jaii.uca,  it  will  be  found  th.it  f.ngland  owes  the  pol- 
lelfion  ot  ir,  as  welt  as  the  means  which  determined 
the  gratv.leur  of  us  lettlcnient,  to  the  B'accaneers. 

This  illand  e\'tcn  Is  from  7;  de^.  ;;  min.  to  78tlcg. 
;7  min.  we.t  lu.i^iiu'.le,  ami  from  17  deg.  48  min.  to 
iS  dcg.  i;o  min.  north  latituile.  It  is  about  140  miles 
in  lens!;th,  and  '"'oin  bre  tilth,  where  broadelt ;  hut  be- 
in;!;  ot  an  oval  forai,  it  ^rows  nirrower  at  each  end. 
It  IS  neat*  about  30  lea;.^iies  to  Cuba,  and  59  kv.gues 
to  the  well  of  St.  Domini^o  :  theie  two  large  itl.inds 
defend  it  fi'jm  tlie  '.viiids  wdiicli  delblate  the  Atl.intic, 
whilil  the  tuim^ci  an.l  difpoikion  of  its  harbours  [nit 
it  ill  a  con.lition  to  cury  on  a  'j,'eat  tr.ide  with  either 
thefe  and  the  other  ill  iiuls  of  the  Well  Indian  Set,  or 
widi  the  continent.  Tliere  are  .ibout  16  princip  il  liar- 
Ivjurs,  belides  30  li.iys,  roads,  or  tyi  id  anchoring 
jdaces.  1  hou!>,h  this  tituati  m  may  cxpofe  it  to  the 
inltilti  of  its  too  powerful  nei;dibours,  it  at  the  faiic 
tune  facilitates  the  entrance  of  the  fuccours  the  mo- 
ther-country ha«  at  all  timev  laviihcd  on  it. 

Theie  is  no  country  between  the  tiopics  wlv^rc  t'.ie 
licit  is  more  moderate,  bciiip;  conilantly  ci)ilevl  with 
leliediing  brcezi's,  tietpicnt  rains,  and  ni^dit  dews  ; 
h')'.'.'ever,  it  is  uirivholclome,  efpcciilly  on  the  lea- 
coall,  and  excellively  hot  in  the  morniiii^s  all  the  year 
round,  till  about  eu'ht  o'clock,  when  the  lea  brec/e 
begins,  increalini:;  uiadually  till  ab.iut  twelve,  u  hen  it 
1 3  commonlv  llroni^ell,  and  lalls  till  two  or  three,  when 
It  bet;ins  to  die  away,  and  to  continues  till  about  live 
v\  lock,  when  it  is  qtiite  t'pent,  and  returns  no  more 
till  next  meitninj!,.  Aliout  eii^ht  in  the  eveninjj  begins 
a  l.iiid  biee/c,  which  blows  lour  lca;^ucs  into  the  tea, 
.indc'.intiiuic-iincreaiinu  till  twelve  .u  ni[',ht,  after  w  hich 
It  decre.ilijs  till  fouiin  the  morning,  when  it  ceales,  and 
returns  aoaiii  at  night.  The  lea  hieeze  is  ftron^er  at 
tome  times  thin  at  others,  aiul  mote  to  near  the  coall 
than  within  I  md;  whereas  it  isjufl  the  icv.rfe  witli  the 
l.ind  bret/c.  S.imcti  i:cs  the  tea  bieeze  blows  da\  an.l 
iii;j,ht  tor  a  week  or  two.  In  December,  Jaiuiai^ ,  .i:id 
febiuarv,  the  north  wind  blows  lurioufly,  checking 
the  growth  of  the  canes,  and  all  i)ther  ve^'.ct.dilcj,  on 
the  north  tide  of  the  ifland;  but  the  fciih  lidei-whel- 
tered  iVi'iii  them  by  the  mountains. 

The  dews  here  are  lb  groat  within  land,  that  the 
water  drops  from  the  leaves  of  t!ie  trees  in  the  morning 
as  it  it  had  laineil;  but  there  are  leldom  any  fogs,  at 
leall  ill  the  pl.ain,  or  lankly  places  near  the  ica. 

There 


.,11 


P   ■ 


''Ft 

im 

■■"■■  jil'l'ii 


;';  m 


f 

m 


510         A  MiW,  ROYAL  and  AUTHENTIC  SYSTI-.M  or  UN!V)' RSAl .  GF.DCiRAI'HY. 


If 


■M 


iiji. 


i  'i'; 


IK?'. 

I- 


1  lu-ic  !■■  ■uidji.cot' lulls  caUciI  the  Blue  Mounr.uns, 
ilhii  run  iluoujili  the  ill.uid  iimii  e.iil  to  well  ;  the  tops 
;iie  Ci)\e!cil  u  iili  ilitie;  till  kiiuib  ot  trees,  juit'.ciii.uiy 
cedar,  l;giu;mvii;v,  ar.d  m;ilioj!;;iiiy,  uhuii  leiuler 
tlicm  ee[ually  pleahiiu  .ukI  pioiit.iljle  tiithe  ii.lialjitaius. 
Seveial  (iue  iivei>,  well  lluied  with  filh,  ami  navigable 
by  canoe'.,  take  ilicir  rite  tVom  theic  moiintaiiis.  A 
hnver  rulgc"  uins  paiallcl  to  ih.e  greater;  and  the  vailies, 
or  lavannahs,  aw  exceeding  IcvlI,  wiilujut  llones.  (it 
tor  p.Ui'.iie,  arid  t:ui!tul,  when  cleared  of  wood,  c1|H'- 
cially  on  the  lunth  lide  of  the  Klaiul.  Alie;  ilx  i.iins, 
or  lealon?,  as  they  arc  ealle.l,  the  favaniiahs  are  v-.tv 
plealaiu,  and  i)ioduce  l.ich  q\iantities  ot  gralb,  tii.u  tiie 
iiihahitaiMf  arcfoiueiiniC'- torced  to  burn  it;  but,  after 
long  droughts,  tin  v  ai  e  ijuite  parched  and  burnt  up. 

Though  this  ifl.md  abounds  with  rivers  and  lakes, 
watei  i<  very  leaiCe  in  fiiiie  [ilaces,  and  in  others  lo 
mixcil  with  land  and  ledmicnt,  that  it  is  not  tit  torule 
till  it  is  puiitied  ;.)r  i'ome  da;, «  in  tartheti  jirs;  and,  in 
funic  years,  inar.y  cattle  pejilli  fir  want  ot  water.  I;i 
the  illand  aie  leveral  lait  (pangs,  which  toiin  a  talt 
river,  and  leveral  lakes.  Near  the  tea,  as  well  as  at 
Port- Royal,  the  well  water  is  brackilh  and  unwhole- 
I'onie. 

In  the  mouniaim,  not  far  from  Spanilh  Town,  is  a 
liji  batli,  ui  gie.ii  mcilicin..!  \irtut.  It  aftVrds  iclitt 
intl;edry  ivUy-r.ch,  wluili,  cxtcpiuig  the  bill. his  and 
yellow  tcvcr,  ^  one  of  the  motl  teiriblc  dutcmpers  of 
Jam.uca. 

TliDugh  the  'oil  ofjamaica,  in  general,  i^  ex.c.diug 
fjrtile,  yci  it  is  thought  not  one  tounh  of  the  lugar 
giound  upon  the  ifl.md  is  cultivated.  Even  the  grounds 
i\ing  near  the  rivers  anil  the  lea  are,  in  many  jjlaccs, 
ovcr-iun  withwood,  iniomuch  ihata  plai.tei  who  has 
plaiit'.d  ;  or  40-oacrei,  has  ftldom  above  joo  well 
cultivated. 

The  ;iioll  valuable  produdion  cf  this  itland  is  (iigar. 
The  cane  t.om  whence  ;t  is  extraited,  is  a  kind  of 
reed,  whith  riles  commonly  about  eight  or  nine  feer, 
taking  in  the  leaves  growing  out  of  the  top;  and  the 
aioll  common  thickneis  is  from  two  to  f  lur  mclu-s.  It 
leqiiircs  a  light,  poro'.;s,  and  deep  lod,  and  is  ul'uaily 
<i  t  at  the  eridot  eighteen  m.iruhs.  Wnhiii  24  liours 
.liter  the  Lanes  are  culdo^sn,  they  bre.ik  tiiem  between 
t  .vo  roller-  vit  i. on  or  c.ipper,  which  ,i;e  |)ut  in  iiioiir.in 
py  A  hoti/.ont  d  wlieel,  turned  by  oxen  or  horfes.  I  he 
juice,  with  wIulIi  the  iiuicr  part  of  the  cane  is  lllied,  i^ 
received  in  a  rct'ervoir,  Iroiii  whence  it  is  lucceirively 
cuiicd  to  fcvtral  boilcii,,  to  reduce  it  into  cryllals. 
T'his  liquor  is  lalled  ireaclo,  or  inolades.  .Vtter  the 
liraining,  they  have  n;u(i-.'\,id  i,  or  nuigh  lugar,  wliicli 
isgieiilv ,  brown,  ar.it  lot';.  T'his  fug.u- does  not  tie- 
come  whi",-,  fliining,  aikl  I'.aid,  till  it  isrerined,  «hich 
i-  geixralK  don;- in  f.iDrpe  ;  tho'igh  there  are  two  re- 
linin':,.|i.)iil'c:  at  Ki.igfto:].  The  iiiiilities  are  ul'uaily 
the  twL-iuh  pa.  t  ofthe  val'ie  of  the  t'ug.ir.  A  gie.i:  deal 
of  th;-  .'.:;:.!e  i-  crntuiiitd  in  ir.e  Northof  Europe,  and 
in  .\o,.l.  Aiicrica,  wliere  they  I'upply  the  jilaceot  but- 
ler a.i  ',  lugar  to  ttie  common  people.  1  he  ;\;.iericans 
'.-I'e  ihviii  I"  produce  a  teiaient.-ition  ;  .-ind  they  give  an 
..;.r;cL  ■.l,>le  t.ttte  to  .1  drink  calleit  Fiiil's,  which  is  nuihing 
ill. 'I.  than  the  i:if;i;ion  ot  the  bark  of  a  tree.  Tliele 
I'.jl.ii'.e^  are  like  .lie  pro.'.igiuullvufet'al,  llncethffeiret 
li.j  'i  .eii  viiico^eitd  to  convert  them,  by  diUiUation, 
i.,;.i  ,1 1;  irituoii',  hquor,  known  by  the  name  ot  lum. 
'1  lie  opciation  1=  perforincJ  b\  mixing  one  thud  of 
iviupwith  ivo  thuds  o,  ivater.  When  tliel'e  two  liib- 
l.a:ices  havciutheientb  fermented,  at  the  cndof  twelve 
01  litt'.eii  day,  they  are  put  uuoallill,  where  iliediltil- 
i.i.ioi)  IS  c.i:nc.1  on  >viili  great  tacihty.  The  annual 
txpoft^  ot  Jamaica  m  thcle  leveral  ai tides,  the  pro- 
duce lA  lugir  cine\  cyinc  to  upwards  of  100,000 
h-glheodso't  lugar,  bet.veen  .0  and  40,000  puncheons 
cil  luni,  and  30-,Oi3  gallons  ofm'jiali'es. 

Alie;  lugar,  thcmai;  co.Midcrable  piod,.ctioa  of  this 
iflmdi: Pimento,  great  qua.-,:i:iesufw  huh  are  annuallv 
(•\;).)rted.  There  are  I'evs'^al  kinds,  nw  e  or  lels  ilrong, 
•iiiu  mwie  Of  Lfs  ac,  j  J.     The  tree  whi.-h  praJuCci  that 


I 


kind  of  pn.eiito  known  In  the  iiaineof  Jamaicareppcr, 
was  not  cultiv.ued  in  regular  plaiuaiic.ns  till  the  year 
I'.iiS.  It  commonly  glows  on  tile  mountains,  ;ind  iiles 
;ibove  jn  (eel  hi;;h.  It  is  very  Itiaiglu,  anil  toveieil  >'.  iili 
a  giey,  dole,  Ihining  baik.  T  iie  le.;vcs  arc,  in  all 
relpecs,  like  the  1  uirel ;  and  .it  the  end  ot  the  braiu  h.es 
grow  the  flowers,  tonhich  lucceed  benies.i  htile  laigci 
than  I'iniper.  'Tliev  arc  gathered  green,  and  laul  to 
dry  in  the  Inn,  when  tiiey  grow  brown,  and  get  th.i; 
(picv  liuell  which  has  given  to  pimento  the  ninie  of 
All-.Spice.  Its  ule  is  e.xielleiit  1:1  ilrcngthemng  the 
cold  lioniadi  (ubiert  to  truduies. 

To  the  culture  i.f  pinieiuo  the  |)eoplc  u;\  this  illanJ 
ioin  that  ot  ginger.  This  is  liie  root  ot  a  tmall  plant 
;iboiii  iS  ui'  20  inches  high.  It  was  greatly  in  vogue 
;iboiJi  the  itmldle  of  the-  iall  century  ;  but,  (ince  that 
time,  It  has  b\  degrees  grown  out  of  falhion,  and  is 
now  uiilv  X  (ci.i)i]dary  amclc  of  tiadc. 

T'll^  iil.iiicl  .dlo  produces  ;i  juitnber  of  trees,  fhrubs, 
and  uielul  i>l\nts,  (ome  ol  them  natives  of  the  (oil,  and 
otluTi  brought  from  the  o;lier  lilands  of  the  continent. 
Anu.ng  tJKlc  are  the  fjilowing  :  the  mahogany,  the 
iilk  loiron  tree,  the  dog-wood,  the  bitter  wood,  the 
ballaul  ma.iHiiia,  or  \\  ocd  ot  .-t  Maiy,  and  tiie  lig- 
nuiii-v;ix.  The  trees  arc  the  oil-nut  tree,  the  cocoa- 
tree,  the  tamariiid-tree,  and  others  which  have  their 
relpective  ules  both  for  wood,  convenience,  and  profit. 

ilere  are  likew  lie  various  tbrtsofdying  woods.gums, 
and  medicinal  drugs.  Among  the  latter  arc  guaincum, 
clunarooi,  taifipariUa,  ta.iia.  vanillas,  aloes,  and  the 
wild  cinnamon-tree,  which  is  cftecmed  a  lovereign  re- 
medv  for  difpellmg  wind  and  aiiilting  digellion. 

The  iiuits  ot  Jamaica  are  oranges,  lemons,  citrons, 
palms,  pomegranates,  thaudo  ks,  momies,  four  ("ops, 
papai,  pine-apples,  culla.'d  ditto,  liar  tlitto,  prickly 
pears,  Alicada  ditto,  nx!  );-.s,  p.aniaiiis,  tair.aiiiiUs, 
and  guavas,  belides  berir.s  of  feveial  kinds. 

1  his  ifland  alio  produces  (ome  toliacco,  b,ut  of  a 
coarle  kiml,  an'.l  cultivated  only  tor  the  take  ot  the 
negroes,  who  are  fond  of  u  ;  Indian  and  (Guinea  corn, 
with  pea-- of  various  kinds,  but  none  relemblmg  iliofe 
of  cireat  B.itam,  except  Inch  as  are  reared  >vitli  gie.ii 
care  aiul  tcndeinefs  in  ga;dcns,  together  with  cab- 
bages and  a  \aneiv  ot  roots,  p.iitiudaily  c.itiava,  uf 
which  they  make  bread,  yams  and  put;itoes. 

The  cattle  of  this  Illand  aie  but  few:  what  tliev  have 
are  very  iinall,  and  the  llelli  tough  and  lean.  'Their 
Iheep,  however,  are  tolerable,  and  their  llelii  very 
good;  but  the  wool,  which  is  long  and  full  of  hairs,  is 
ot  little  ule.  They  have  great  plenty  ut  hogs,  anil 
their  llefli  is  tweet  and  delicivte.  llorles,  alles,  and 
mules  are  very  pkniitul:  the  former  are  lindl,  met- 
tielomeand  h.irtly,  and,  when  well  iiKule,  (etch  a  good 
price. 

Here  are  various  forts  of  fowl,  both  wild  and  tame, 
and  in  paiticiil  ir  mure  parrots  than  in  any  of  the  other 
illaiids ;  bel'cie'  p;irroiiiiets,p;  licans,  Impcs,  teal,  Gui- 
nea hens,  geele,  <hicks  and  tuikies  ;  the  humming- 
bud,  aiidagre.it  \,ti  ietv  ol dtliers. 

Ill  the  b.iys  and  rivers  is  plenty  of  cxcelkni  tilh  ;  bui 
the  toiioile,  or  turtle,  is  by  much  the  iiiofi  valuable, 
both  loi  lis  llidl  and  lilli,  the  latter  being  iccountcd 
the  moll  deluious,  and  at  the  Came  time  the  molf 
wholelonic  111  all  the  Indies.  The  man;Uee,  or  ica- 
cow,  wliK  h  is  often  taken  in  calm  bays,  is  reckoned 
by  the  Indians  very  goud  eating. 

In  the  mountains  are  iiuinberlefs  adders,  and  other 
nuxiuusanimals,  and  in  the  tens  and  marlhes  the  gu.i- 
na  and  gallewaip,  but  tliefe  Iall  are  not  venomous. 

The  inleCls  called  the  ciior,  or  chegoc,  eat  into  the 
nervous  and  membranous  parts  of  the  flclli  of  the  ne- 
groes ;  and  the  white  people  are  foiietimes  plagued 
with  them,  i  belt  intccts  g  t  into  any  put  ot  the 
body,  but  chiefly  the  legs  and  teet,  wiieicihty  breed  in 
great  numbers,  and  Ihut  themfelves  up  in  a  bag.  As 
loon  as  the  perfun  feels  them,  whidi  is  not,  pcihaps, 
till  a  svcek  after  they  have  been  in  the  body,  they  pi^k 
ihem  out  with  a  needle,  or  the  point  of  a  pen-km(e, 

takii.g 


AMKRICA.] 

taking  care  tovkllrov  the 
tirced,  .hioh  are  like  nil 
ii.llcr .  li.nKtiiiKs  get  iiit 
the  b,)ii:. 

'Tne  inhabitants  of  J; 
thole  of  i'^iiidilh  extr.tctK 
Ncgroe',  'Mulatto?,  or  i 
fori  ot  ilie  hnglilli,  on 
appe.ir  \iy  gay.  At  ui 
t!;iead  lloi. kings,  linen  c 
and  a  hai  upon  it.  M 
tr<H-k,  with  buitons  at  th 
cif  ill;.  I'm; ■■,  and  a  cliei 
(hole  wlio  ;ire  immedi;i 
vii.es,  go  n.ike.l.  The 
a  loole  night-gown,  ca 
Hiloit  dinner  tney  \  ut 
Willi  a  v^ot.i\  g-icc,  m  al 
becoming  <liils.  Tlicii. 
where  luMiry  i.  carried 
illand  I!  juii'.u'o--,  clot 
the  ni-w't.^  ot   t!ie  greatef 

The  (.omm  n\  ill  ink 
(lances  1.  M  ideiia  wine 
we.ik  puinh.     y\le  and 
and  Luip'oii  lor'er  tells 
But   the  gi  r.vr.'.l  drink, 
ri.ir  r.iiik,  is  rum  punili, 
caule,  berig  trei|Uontly 
blo.(d,  and  flings  on  tev 
them  to  :!.'  ir  ^'.ive  ,  el; 
to  li'.e  i!l.i  ;  i,  .Uiich  i.  II 
loon  .it'ier  tlii:r  .,;iival. 

T'h.e  cu;r^  \i'  loin  ol  t 
li.udl'  anv  I'l.i'  .  where 
a  i^ui'J.cr  Liriulaiio'i.  1 
in  g, iicr.ii,  toLrably  re; 
time  decently  for  lets  t 
common  raie  ut  boardiiv 

1  .earning  is  here  at  a 
t!..'ed,  (ome  p.olitlemei)  w. 
lend  their  liiildren  to  ( 
the  :id\antage  ol'  a  po'' 
tlu"  bulk  of  the  people 
iiiiii.l-.,  being  ^•.■ner.ill 
dijrip.it  ion. 

The  elbblilli.d   reli, 
Bntilli   illand-,  i^  thai 
tin  re  are  no  !.;;'i-  j^--. 
miliar)  is  the  |  rino;,  al 

The  adminilhi'.iii.n 
by  a  governor,  a  ho   n 
I  2,  and  4J  n.j.'r,.telit:il; 
ment,  ne\t  to  that  ol 

!  he  milery  and  I..1. 
iireguat ;  and  though 
iIkiii  [<lo])ag,ile,  the  iil 
ms  tlioir  li\es,  that,  i 
of  n;ilurc,   main   tir ' 
liippi)  I  lie  pL.ce  it   1: 
Ihips  llio"   iecei\o.      Al 
i.'ito  the  iiaiids  it  fun 
ealy  and  lomfort.ible 
in    North    Ameiiia, 
wretches  iin  better  uk 
they  live  longer,  am 

I  Vi  tluir  lirll  ,irm,. 
r.re  ixpollj  naked 
fiit:ple  and  iinocont  ; 
tioin  ix.iinple.  Tlii\ 
li;.'  r.ativo  louiiiry  .u 
tl.iir  ij  iiii-,  and  reini. 
Would  uilierwilc  be  ii 
as  a  bkning;  and  ii 
r.i;?e  antl  intrepidity  1' 
tr.iiil'porled  to  think  il 
th^;.  ihall  iwllil  tluir 
^u.  4!i. 


AMKRICA.] 


NORTH     A  M  r,  R  I  C  A. 


S2I 


ihc  yi-.ir 

^li.\l  >■.  nil 
111  all 

lll.llll   I'.Cb 

lU  1,11 1;..! 

Ill    l.ll.l    ID 

ii  imc  ot 
.•iiinsi  ilie 


tiikini;  can-  toJvllrov  ilu-  hag  i-nt inly,  tii.it  iioiu' df  tlu-  .Inoiuls  ami  acciuainiaiicc      \\'\n:n  a  negro  Ii  aij.uil  to 


tt  l)>.tiiml.     I'iiv'i 


and  i.al  i\x  (kill  it 


■brttd.  .liii.h  arc  lik<  iii!-,  iiiay  lu; 
iiillot.  LiiiKiiiiK^  ;^ct  into  thi.-  toe- 
tin.'  l).)n.. 

Tiic  i'.i'iabitants  ot"  Jamaica  CKiifill  <i  K!^;;l:i1i,  or 
thol'.  I't  i',iii  lilli  f:;trai"ti')ii,  Ihhii  mi  tlic  itlaud,  Imiiaiv;, 
Nv'^iot:,  MulaU'i*,  ur  tlicir  iiLkf;i'.!a:'.t;.  1  ln_  b^Uur 
ioii   I't   ihc  L:ij;,lilli,  un   SliikIivs,   or  partiLular  tli\-. 


aM]xar  \iy  t;ay 

(1 


At  ullicr  ti;iK.   tin.')   j.',!.- IK  rail 


wear 
t!;ivau '.Mi.kiiii^'',  liiK-n  drawers,  a  veil,  alloli.'.iJ  i:r,), 
ami  a  ii.u  iipuii  it.  Men  tervaiils  wear  a  toarle  1>  Xi-.-^ 
tr.H-k,  vMtli  Iniitoiis  at  tlie  iictk  and  hands,  lon^  tiowleiN 
ot  I'le  I'm:  ■,  and  a  tiietk  lliirt.  The  negrot;,-<,  cxcii'l 
llu'le  v\!u)  are  iniincdiately  employed  in  iloniellic  ler- 
vitCb,  j;o  naked.  The  morning  habit  ot  the  huiie;.  is 
a  loolo  nijj,'..l-go\vn,  tarelelbly  wraj-.ped  about  them. 
Hi'oie  dinner  iliey  j  ut  oil"  their  tliliiabille,  and  ai'iea;- 
will-,  aivv.d  v.-Ke,  in  all  the  aiivanlai;es  ot  a  rieii  r.iul 
bccoiiiir.;.;  thils.  I  here  is  no  country  in  t!ie  w.  rid 
where  Iumha  i-  carried  to  a  lui^hcr  pitch  tlian  in  ilis 
illand  lliuij'.ii-V.'-,  clothes,  tiirniture,  tabic,  ull  b-ar 
tlu'  lllart.^  ot  liie  ;;reatell  aliiuenee  ;'.iid  [iroiiiii'n. 

The  comiivm  drink  ot  |;er;ons  in  ailUieiit  urcum- 
il.uKi's  is  M  ideiia  uine  mixed  with  water,  llivibet,  or 
we.vk  puiieh.  Ale  and  claret  aij  extravagantly  liear; 
aiul  Iaui'ioii  por'er  lelk  tor  more  than  is.  per  bottle. 
But  ilie  ^er.er.'.l  drink,  eijm  iaily  am.mg  thole  ol  inte- 
rior rank,  is  rum  iRinih,  which  they  call  kil'.-dtvi!^  be- 
caule,  beri^',  tiVt,u>ntly  drank  to  excels,  it  luats  the 
blvvnl,  and  l'iiny,s  on  teV'  rs,  which,  in  a  lho"r  time,  lend 
them  to  !!.'-ir  j,'Mve  ,  elpeeially  thole  who  .arc  Jul';  come 
to  tiie  ilia;  i,  .Wiich  i^  tiic  realoii  that  lo  many  die  here 
llion  .itier  their  ..nival. 

Ti;e  cuHMit  Coin  ot  the  ifland  is  Spanilli.  T!ie;c  is 
li.iid.l'  any  pn'  .  where  liber  is  more  plentitul,  or  has 
a  CjUieker  circulaliiii.  Notwithllaniling  iirovilions  are, 
in  general,  tokrahlv  realonable,  yet  a  perton  caiinot 
time  decently  i">ir  le!^  than  a  piece  of  eight  ;  and  the 
common  rate  ot  boarding  is  three  pounds  per  week. 

Learning  is  here  at  a  very  low  ebb.  Thea- aie,  in- 
deed, lome  p,eiu'emeii  Will  verted  in  liter.ature,  aikl  w!io 
tend  their  ihildren  totireat  Biliiin,  where  they  have 
the  ad\antage  ot"  a  polite  aiul  liberal  education.  Mia 
tlij  bulk  of  the  peoj.le  take  little  care  to  imjirove  their 
mill.!.,  being  ^.  .-nerany  eiigigxl  in  trade,  <-r  rl.'ioiis 
dillipaiion. 

■|  he  illablilli.d  reliL;'on  lioiv,  as  well  a'-  in  all  the 
D.Uilli  illaiiil-,  ii  that  of  ihe  church  of  haigland  ;  but 
there  are  no  !..:'■■  p-.  The  bi(lio()  ot  I.oiviou's  eom- 
mill'ii)  is  the  I  i';;n  1,  al  eni^liallic  in  there  illm  is 

Tlk  admiailbi'.ii>.n  of  |  ul  lie  alVairs  in  tlii^  illand  is 
V\  a  governor,  who  repreier.is  Jlie  king,  a  couneil  ol 
I  :,  ami  4J  rep.rel'entaiives  ot'  the  people.  The  goverii- 
ment,  ne\t  to  that  of  Irelmd,  is  the  b-ll  in  il'.e  Jsing"s 

The  niifery  and  hardlhips  i.t  the  negroes  in  general 
ii'egUMt;  and  though  ll;.  ulmoll  care  is  taken  tuiiake 
tliem  propag.ite,  the  ill  treaiment  they  receive  lo  Ihoit- 
iii^  iheir  lives,  that,  i;.lle.id  of  inu  ;.'.ling  by  the  courle 
of  nature,  man\  tli'.n'.rant!'.  ar.-  .'.nnuilly  imported,  to 
liijipl)  ib.e  [ikice  el  ti;  .;e  \'.iiv)  pine  and  ilie  by  the  hard- 
Ihip.s  ihe\  receive.  Al.iiiy  of  them,  however,  who  tall 
into  the  iiands  .  !  luniane  ir.alUrs,  (ind  llieir  liluatioiis 
eafy  and  mniliirt.iblc  :  and  it  has  been  obleived,  that 
in  N'.irlh  Ameriea,  wi.ere,  in  gener.il,  thele  jioor 
wreiilKs  ar^  better  iifeil,  there  is  a  leh  watle  of  negroes, 
they  live  longer,  and  proj  .'.gate  b.iler. 

On  their  lirli  arrival  I;  .;,i  the  loall  of  Guiiua,  thev 
r.re  ixjiokd  naked  lof.L,  .ikI  are  then  gepevaliy  very 
lin:|ile  and  innocent  j  but  the\  loon  become  rogu;lh 
from  example.  They  believe  every  negroe  reliims  to 
\\\i-  native  couniry  aii.r  ileath.  This  thought  iheers 
tl-.iir  ij  irit'.,  and  renders  ll:--  i-urth.-:i  of  life  t.ily,  whieh 
Would  otlienvik-  be  intolerable.  1  hey  lo<ik  on  de.i;h 
as  a  blefling  ;  and  it  is  furpriling  lo  fee  with  what  cou- 
r.ige  and  intreiiKlity  lima  •■<(  them  meet  il.  Tiiey  are 
traiifporled  to  think  iheir  flavuy  is  near  at  an  cml,  that 
they  ll.all  revilit  their  tialive  llioics,  iind  I'x"  their  ohl 
No.  48. 


ex|iiie.  111.  kil.nv  ll.'.ves  embr.ice  lii,H,  wnh  hiin  a  g.j  .d 
journey,  and  fend  iheir  hearty  g-Kjd  willies  to  tluir  rc- 
laiions  in  Guinea.  'I'iiey  make  no  lament .'.li.-n:,  vsSea 
he  is  deal,  but,  with  great  joy,  inter  his  bo'y,  be- 
lieving he  is  gone  home,  and  luipjiy. 

jamaiia  is  elivided  into  three  counli.-  ,  Surr.-,  Mi.l- 
dlelex,  aiul  Cornwall.  Thele  cont 'in  19  pariines,  over 
each  of  which  pivlides  a  magil!r..te  i.ah>d  aCnifis. 
Tlu  re  aie  but  few  town;  in  the  i.'lind,  a, id  the  reaiim 
i.,  that  the  greater  part  of  tlie  inha'Mta:;is  are  dili^erled 
on  their  pl.iiitation.<,  which  form  fo  m.;n\  vill.ige,  ur 
h.imlets.      The  lijllijwiiig  are  the  chivf ; 

■'''•  .I'KV'."-'-'  I'l  ^'c'i;'.,  commo.-.ly  c.  lid  S;  anilh-Tosn, 
in  Middielex,  is  a  Iniall  city,  jileaf.  ntiy  liiii.ited.  it  is 
the  reli  knee  ot  the  governor,  of  tic  cuuitsof  jiillice, 
and  tlie  pia:e  where  lire  ali'emiily  i^  h.UI.  Tlu  greater 
part  ol  I  he  inli.'.bit.r'.ti  are  perlons  ef  k)rtune  or  rank, 
which  gives  it  an  air  of  Ijilendor  anil  magnilicence. 
Tile  princi:.:ii  buildi:ig  is  the  g-)V.-.-.i>jr's  h-iile,  which 
is  one  of  the  moll  haiullbme  in  .\n;er:.a.  1  lere  are  Liiiij 
a  liandii)me  church,  a  cha'pcl,  anil  a  j-willi  \\  i.agogu^. 

I    Kingfion,  IS  I'v.rt- 


Between   tins   town  and  that 
I'allage,  a  village  of  but  few  liouli.-,  and  i^  calletl,  be- 
caule  I'lole  who  go  trom  one  town  lo  the  other,  lar.d  or  • 
embark  there. 

Kingllon,  in  the  county  of  .Suriy,  is  liie  moll  con- 
liderable  ia  the  whole  illaiul,  ami  a!  preknt  the  capital, 
being  the  reliden.  e  of  the  merciiants,  and  the  chief" 
place  for  tr.ide.  il  i>  .ibout  a  mile  and  a  half  long,  and 
lialf  a  mile  broad.  Ail  the  llreets,  v  hich  are  Y-roail 
and  regular,  crofs  eavh  other  at  right  angle-.  The 
houl'es  are  much  more  elegant  than  thole  ot  S,.  Jag.)  i\>i 
la  N'ega,  but  the  air  is  far  trom  being  li)  healiliv.  The 
Jews,  who  are  very  numerous  here,  l.ave  a  r.ne  fv  na- 
gogue.  This  to-.vn  received  confiderabk-  ilaiiiaj^e  iiy  a 
ilrea'itiil  hurricane,  which  happened  in  the  n:.jiit!\  ef 
Augul!,  '781.  Many  houles  were  bl',r.vn  d.nvn,  and 
number.  A  velkls  tli.it  l.iy  in  the  h.-^rh-.-u:,  ,i,>  well  .is  at 
Port  Royal,  were  driven  adiore,  fjine  of  whicii  were 
luiik,  and  many  others  greatly  ilamaged. 

kingllon  barijour  is  one  i.t  the  noil  comniodi.'U-  ia 
America,  and  i'o  cap.icious,  that  iczo  lail  ol  Ihips  may- 
ride  in  lately.     It   i.  ilu-  llati.)n  of  i!,e  1-itiiii  lieet. 

The  Imall  town  of  I'on-Roy.il  was  the  nioil  co,iii- 
derable  and  richell  on  the  illmd  at  the  time. .f  the  Ikic- 
caneers,  wliole  rav.ige.i  it  eneoura^ed.  It  e.i.uained  at 
that  time  :oco  houks,  ot  which  lOoo  were  Iwaiiowed  up, 
or  overiunied,  by  a  terrible  earlluiuake,  tb.ut  h.appened 
in  161^2.  They  hatl  rebuilt  a  great  j  art  ot  them, 
when  they  '.verc  confumeil  by  a  lire  in  17CJ.  The  ex- 
cellence c)t  the  liiuation  engaged  the  people  to  rebuild 
them  a  lecond  lime,  when  .1  iiurricane,  ia  1722,  made 
them  an  heap  ot  ruins.  Thele  were  again  railed,  but 
again  dellroyeil,  in  1744,  by  another  iiurricane,  but 
never  rebuilt.  In  0:tober,  17S0,  was  a  dreadful 
hurricane,  which  ahnoil  overwhelmed  the  little  lea-port 
town  ot  Savannah-la-M.ir,  and  [.art  e't  tlie  adjaeent 
country. 

The  conmicrce  of  this  illand  is  very  conliderable. 
The  artitles  of  1  xportation  are  lug.ir,  rum,  mo!alli;»^ 
cotton,  coti'ee,  piment  >,  ginger,  meilicinal  ilrugs, 
mahogati) ,  and  manchlneel  ph'.nk-.  Tliok'  of  imp.or- 
tation  are  linen,  lilk  and  wo'.llen  efialhing  of  all  kiiuls, 
wrought  iron,  br.'.ls  :\\\\.\  copper,  .ill  lo;t..  ot  hardware, 
toys,  houlehold  lurnituie,  and  great  quantities  of  liou'". 
To  the  north-well  ot  Jamaica  are  three  fmall  illaiids 
depii'.dent  on  ihi'-,  and  known  b)  tiie  name  of  the  Cay- 
mans. The  moll  louiheily  is  tlilliviguillied  by  the  name 
ol  Cireat  Caymin  :  the  other  two,  which  are  dillanr 
Irom  it  about  20  K agues,  are  called  little  Cayman  .li.d 
Cayman-Biaik.  (beat  Caym.ia  is  the  only  one  that  is 
conlbmlly  inhabit  -.1  :  it  is  very  low-,  and  covered  with 
high  tree?.  Il  has  not  any  harboutio^bipsi  f  biirth.n, 
only  a  tolerable  anchoring  place  on  the  louth.-weli.  The 
inhabitants,  who  amount  t.>  abeiut  20c,  are  defiendeJ 
trom  the  old  Ikiccaneers.  Thcv  have  given  themfeives 
a  let  of  laws,  and  (.hoole  a  chiet  to  lee  themexceutcil, 
6  Q^  111 


l\  i 


I' 


ill 


»'tT 


»  h 


A  NFAV  ANi.  Ar  lllKNTIC  SYSI  F.M  of  INIVFRSAI,  C;i:0(;ll  AI'MY 


W 


m 


^11 


»!■    i. 


521 

in  coniiinelion  witli  tlic  iulliios  ot'  \k'Xc  :ii>puiiilol  I'v 
ioniin'illi"ii  i:om  the  j!,i!Vcrnor  of  J.im.iK;i.  A->  tlu} 
li:ivc  no  i.Ki|M  man  ;imong  thiiii,  thtv  t'o  '"  .Fi:"-"'-'  '>' 
Ix-  ni.irrii'd.  l"ni>  u'lonv  is  iimioulilally  tin-  molt  luiji- 
y\  in  iliiWi'll  Indies;  tlic  tlimii^' .m.i  ilukliul  ot  tooJ, 
whith  ;r\'  ot  a  lingular  laluhrir  .  rcndcrmt;  ili^  \ko\^.- 
lu-altliy  ami  viinirous,  and  makmi;,  iIaUi  livi-  loavir\ 
advanced  age'  rhcir  little  ill.uul  piddiices  plenty  ot 
lurn  and  \\!;ciablcs  iiogs  ami  n>ultn,  miuh  beyond 
wli.it  is  ivi;uind  t'T  their  o\>,!i  iMimmiiituin.  Tlux 
luve,  iHliJ.i-,  111  ar  eanes,  anil  loiiie  ij'nngs  ot  \r^\\\ 
good  wal.T.  K-AV^  (joiie  hardened  to  the  lea,  the)  are 
e\eelieiit  pilots  ior'tlie  iiei;:^libominp,  eoalli  ;  and  their 
iilind,  as  well  as  their  a..'tivity  and  iainnu.it- ,  liave  been 
n-ian\  times  a  ivlietio  Ihijs  which  wer.-  dillritieil  in  tl.i- 
pan  ot  the  lla.  Their  principal  employment  is  lill'.in;A 
for  luitle.  IniruiCt  every  year  leads  a  pr.Hlioioiis  num- 
ber of  lurlles  to  tliele  iilands,  fo  la\  their  eej;-,  tin 
greater  part  of  which  come  trom  the  15.iy  ot  I  ioiulura  . 
The  low  anil  ia:vly  Ihores  of  th.'.e  illand--,  |  artieiilarK 
of  ihe  (iieat,  are  I'erfectlv  eonurodiou-  to  iviiive  and 
cover  tlieir  eiju-.  A  female  la\s  I'ome  hundreds. 
When  tliey  have  done  laying,  the  turtles  retire  toAard.> 
the  Ille  ot'  L'v.Ku  and  the  other  large  illand-,  where 
ihev  recover  tliemfelvcs  in  the  llibmarine  pailure;,  and, 
in  about  a  month's  lime,  acquire  that  tatnels  v.i-.ich 
makes  them  li)  much  elleemed  on  the  tables  ot  the 
great.  The  inhabitants  of  (ireat  C"a\man  Unit  them 
up,  as  f  Hill  as  tiiev  are  caught,  in  cnilollires,  which 
they  call  ,.riills,  nude  with  llakes,  in  a  tinomh  water, 
between  the  Ihore  and  a  reef  ot  i\>cks  on  the  north-e:'.ii 
coal'..  Thele  turtles  lerve  for  all  t';:e  tralFic  which  thiv 
carry  on  with  I'ori-Royal.  it  is  aa  artiile  <  f  food  whiih 
is  verv  w holcfome  ;  and  the  iV.ell  of  the  hawk's-biil 
kind  i'^  a  comiiKxhiy  which  has  a  place  among  ihe  ex- 
portal  ion^  ti)  (ireat  Britain. 

B  A  R  U  A  D  O  ]•:  S. 

Wl  ll'.N  the  F.ngiilh  lirll  laniicd  here  in  1625.  h..v- 
ing  obtained' a  grant  tiirough  the  interdl  ot  the 
l'.arl  of  Carlille,  they  fnind  the  ifland  uucuhivated, 
and  uninhabitxi.  At  lirll  they  applied  tlKmlelves  to 
the  planting  ot  tobacco,  which  not  thriving  as  tliey  ex- 
pected, tlu-\  ]ilanted  C(4ton  and  indigo,  which  uinkd 
to  a  tolerable  good  account.  Little  lugar,  h.nvevvr, 
was  made  till  1647,  when  other  adventurers,  H\ii,;r 
uneafv  in  Kngland  under  the  uliirpatioii  't  Crimu\iil, 
lonveried  their  eflates  into  money,  and  tranlporied 
themlelvo  to  Barbailoes,  where  they  eiwtetl  lUi'.u- 
works  and  acC|Uired  very  great  pt)lleflionv.  In  the 
\ear  1650,  the  wliiie  inhabitants  ol  the  illand  v.\ie  in- 
creafed  tou])wardsot  .•^,o,oco,  with  twice  tliat  luiniber 
of  negroes.  King  Charles  11.  purclufed  the  piopenv 
of  the  illand  in  1661,  e\er  liiice  whiJi  time  it  haslneii 
a  ro'al  j:overnmcnt ;  and  the  colony  granted  a  dut\ 
on  tlieir  iugars  for  maintaining  the  torccj  an  1  I'ltiiica- 
tions  ol  the  illand. 

Harl-adoe-,  the  moll  confiderable  ni  .I'.l  tiie  Britllli 
lugar  idands  next  to  Jamaica,  lies  in  Ixiumi  39  di.g. 
50  mill,  and  60  deg  2  iiiin.  well  hmgliude  i  anil  be- 
tween 12  (leg.  j6  min.  and  1.3  deg.  16  mm.  north  Lit. 
extending  21  miles  from  nortli  to  liiuih,  and  14  fr(>m 
call  t'l  well. 

'I'he  climate  is  hot,  elj  eii.illy  toi'  eight  months  in 
the  ve.ir,  but  11"!  unwholiliitiK-  ;  tor  though  there  are 
no  laml  bree/.e  ,  there  are  other-,  ariling  Irom  the  iLa, 
whiih  iiuieales  a^  the  liin  advance,  to,  .uid  decriafe  as 
he  decline^  Irom  the  nKiidian.  .A  temperate  regimen 
renileis  it  a-i  fat  iri  \i\v  In  a^  aii)  climate  in  Furope, 
fijutli  of  (ireat  Briiii.i.  The  day- a;v  Virv  near  equal, 
the  fun  tiling  and  letting  about  tix  o'doe  k  all  the  )r.ir 
rouiid. 

Barbadoe.  i-,  in  gi.neral,  a  ]iliin  level  I'ountry,  with 
iijine  Imall  hills.  J'he  woods  have  been  all  (utdo'.,ii 
fo  make  room  f  ,-  the  pl.itit.iiions  of  lug.ir-L.aties,  wliii  h 
now  take  up  the  maior  |iait  ot  the  illand,  and  render 
it  the  moll  v.iluable  pi antatioii  to  < ir^-al  IJiitaiii,  ol  it, 


li/,e,  that  it  ever  poirelild.  The  foil  is  \arini|-<,  being 
in  tome  p.l.uei  landv  and  ligiit,  in  others  rieii,  and  in 
others  Ipongv  :  lull  all  of  them  are  cultivated  accord- 
ing to  their  leveral  i,.itures.  The  moll  valuabi.-  iirexliic- 
lions  of  this  illand  are  fugir,  rum,  molalies,  cotton, 
indigo,  and  i',inger.  The  rum  which  it  produces  i^  next 
in  elliem  to  that  of  J.im.iiea. 

I'he  Iruits  heie  are  x.irious  and  vety  p.kntiuil  ;  p,;r- 
ticularly  pine-apples,  gu:-.vas,  plaintams,  orangey  le- 
mons, litrons  limes,  lamarinib,  tii.ingro.'c-,  cedir% 
prickled  ajiple  ,  pomegranates,  papays,  tullard  apjiles, 
ligs,  bullies,  cocoa,  and  coioa-niits.  Indian  corn 
can  be  imiwrled  from  North  America  cheij;er  than  11 
can  be  li'ld  for  when  growing  ujjon  the  illand. 

I  lere  are  griat  i;ii:'.ntitie^  ot  liog^  ;  alto  oxen,  cows, 
horles,  alies,  goat-^,  iiionkie^  .md  racoons,  with  a 
tew  llue])  and  rabbit'  ;  but  the  mutton  is  greatly  infe- 
rior to  that  ot  Kngland. 

The  \u!il  fowl  are  teals,  curlews,  plovers,  liiii)e', 
v\ild-|  igeons,  wiklduik  ,  a!i  1  a  kind  ot  bird  called  a 
man-ot-war.  The  t.ui'.e  pigeons,  pullet-,  dueks,  ar.d 
poultry  of  all  kinds,  tint  are  bred  in  B.uli.uloes,  have  a 
line  llavour,  and  are  accounted  more  iklieious  tl-.an 
thole  of  l-'.urope. 

Inlecls  are  verv  f.umerou';  here,  but  they  are  not  vc- 
neniian  ;  nor  do  either  their  fn.ikes  or  Icorpions  ever 

Ihe  lurrounding  lea  abounds  with  tilli,  lome  ot 
uhieli  are  almoll  |)eculiar  to  itfelf,  as  parroi-lilli, 
ln;ii.i)er-,  grey  tavellos,  t.irbutns,  and  cone^  !ilh. 
Their  iiiulleis,  lobllers,  .and  crabs,  are  excellent  ;  an  1 
the  green  turtle  are  taught  here  in  vail  eiuantities. 

This  illand  has  two  rtreams  that  are  called  rivers  on 
caeli  liele,  with  welli  ot  good  water  all  over  it,  and 
larg.  pond.s  or  reli.rvoirs  (or  rain  water.  In  its  center  it 
is  laiel  to  have  a  bituminous  tjiring,  which  leiiiL  forth 
a  liquor  like  tar,  and  lerves  for  the  liimc  ufes  as  [)itcl» 
or  lamji-oil. 

The  inhabitants  of  rjadiadoc:,  like  thofe  of  the  other 
iilands,  may  be  di\ieled  inl  1  three  dalles,  viz.  the 
mailers,  the  white  lervants,  and  the  black  fervants. 
The  tormer  ot  tliele  are  either  l'".nglilh,  Scotch,  or 
Irilh,  with  lome  [)utch,  I'Vench,  I'oriuguefe,  ami 
Jew-.  The  white  lervants  lead  more  ealy  lives  than 
tile  common  day-labourers  in  I'aiglamI  ;  and  when  they 
Clime  to  be  overleers,  their  w.iges,  anil  other  allow aiK'cs, 
are  confiderable.  As  to  ihe  blai  k  lervants  it  Is  the 
int'-rell  of  every  planter  t-)  b-j  more  caa-ful  of  thcni 
th.m  even  of  the  white  ;  the  former,  uBlels  t!,ev  llioukl 
h.qipen  to  be  made  tree,  being  his  jxrpelual  pro|)ertv. 
Moll  ot  the  negHK's  are  em]iloveel  la  the  lield  ;  but 
li'itie  ol  them  '.'.ork  in  tlie  lu.'ar-mills  and  llorehoules  j 
while  thofe  ol  !>oth  lexes,  who  are  molt  hki-K,  arc  cm- 
))lo\ed  as  houlein.uds  and  menial  le'rv.ints.  Kvery  nc- 
groe  l.imily  has  a  cabbin,  and  a  fmall  piece  ot  ground 
ridioming  to  it,  by  way  ol  g.irden,  in  which  the  more 
indiillrioiis  fort  pl.int  potatoes,  yams,  and  other  roots, 
and  rear  live  lloik,  which  they  are  at  liberty  to  eat,  or 
convert  into  money  tor  lluir  own  ule.  They  are  tonj 
lit  rum  ami  tob.iceo. 

The  govv  rnor  of  Barbadoes  has  a  conliderable  liilarv. 
The  council  conlills  ot  twelve  members,  and  theaflem- 
bly  ot  22,  tholeii  yearly,  out  of  the  leveral  |)arilhcs, 
\'\/..  two  for  each,  by  a  majoritv  of  votes.  Moll  of 
the  civil  ollicers  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  who 
alii)  collates  terturs  to  tiie  parilhes  e)f  the  ilhind.  Their 
perquiiites  are  very  conliderable.  The  dninh  affairs 
ot  Barbadoes  are  governed  by  a  lurrogate  of  the  billiop's 
.i;-p"intment.  Tlicfe  are  upon  the  ill.ind  f)mc  |ei.vu 
:;;nl  iiu.ikers,    but  very  lew  other  dilleiltera. 

Tiic  inhabitants  ot  this  illand  tii[i]X)rt  their  own  mi- 
litaiT  ellablilhment,  which  is  iefpedal)'e,  with  great 
iredil. 

'Ihe  ifland  is  divided  into  live  dillricV  .  In  each  of 
the  dillriets  i,  a  judge  and  live  alfillanis,  who  liolil  a 
(ourt  ot  cvJUKiXHi  pleas  everv  monili,  fro:ii  January  to 
Septemlier,  and  if  any  dillieuli  mailer  ariles,  ilii  i.- 
leiTcel  to  the  .irbitr.ition  ot  the  governor. 

Hriili'e- 


AMIRK  A-l 

Bridge-Town,  the  capi 
Bav,  in  the  liniih-well  pari 
hiil,  or  r.ithcr  liie  onlv  liai 
the  linell  anil  latgdl  town 
not  in  all  the  Hriiilli  \\  1 
Town  lakes  its  name  from 
eredcd  over  the  w.ateis  tha 
in  ',  marlhes  ;  but  a  dread! 
\e,iis  ago,  ilellroyed  aj',!e.i 
et  the  governor,  council, 
tlie  court  ot  chaniery.  '1 
u  mile  out  ot  the  town, 
I,  I'ihv,  on  account  (pt 
Tluie  are  leveial  torts  .mtl 

I'.V. 

There  is  a  college  in  th 
:i:k1  liberally  ei-.do'v.-d  b; 
v\      a  n.ilive  of  tin.  illand 

W  nil  tefi>c-d  to  the  e 
IHineipal  articles  ot  e\p  iri 
o,r,  lugar,  rum,  and  moi 
:ire  timber  ^'i  v  iri  -lis  kini 
iiee,  tobacco,  lome  l.iii 
and  other  provilions,  triMi 
1,  i-.n  the  coall  ot  .Africa ; 
ami  I'lal,  .as  alio  lome  b 
belmd  ;  flit  Irom  I'uralii 
tfitii,  kerleys,  lilks  ami 
and  lll.n's  o!  all  torts,  gk: 
and  perriwips,  laces,  pe.l 
1  ,ile  ale,  pukles,  c.iiidi 
ware  tor  tlu-ir  lugar  won 
Ihot,  iirals  and  copixr  w;i 

'I'his  illand,  as  well  as 
calamities  bv  the  dreadlu 
tie  month  of  Oe-lobcr,    i 
nioli   all  dellroyexl  ;    and 
a  mere  liL-sp  ot  ruins,  fca 
Handing.      No   lets  than 
chapels,  were  levelled  w  1 
was  ihe  line  church  ol  S 
tovered  with  t!ie  iiiins  ot 
lulled  that    no  Ids  than 
Ihijis  in  Carlille  Bay  wer 
ol   them  call  aihore  nn^l 
inenli.'  tliroughout   tlie  1 
ami   the   whole   loinied 
iliplorai)le  tlian  it  is  poll 


''rill 

-1-     St 


ST.  fin 

Ifland  of  Si.  ( 
St.   Kitt's,  1.  Iitu., 
about  14  k.igucs  trom 
li'iig,  and  7  bro.iil.      Ii 
in  ills  lirll  vovage  to  Ai 
lilh  arrived  here  thi  lai 
illantl  between  them, 
the  Spaniarils  drove  tlv 
•jnd  continued  to  live  1 
being  coinmenceel  betw 
pher  brcanie,  at  dill'ere 
b'  (xl-lheel  for  haif   a 
Wi..e  enlirelv  e\i  elled. 
filmed  this  illaml  to  ti 
It  was  taken  I  y  the  l-'ri 
Britain  bv  the  late  treat 

■li,e  .itR-n,bh;;e  ci  a 
ren  uiountains  make 
aiiproach  it  by  lea,  h 
with  wood  ;  hut  they  t 
the  coall  grows  'fiote  i; 
iiiountains,  which,  rii 
vated  as  high  as  polhbl 

The  climate  of  St.  C 
Ihe  height  of  the  loun 
iK.e'-led.  The  air  is  pu 
IS   fubjee^   to  lrc(|uent 


AMIRKA.l 

BiiiU^-'rown,    llie   ca|.It.il.    i'.  tuu.iliil  i.ii  C'.irlifli- 

B:\v,  ill  till- liniili-will  |ari  i.t  tl-.c  ill.iiul,    :ukI  \m\  ilii. 

hiil,  iir  r.illitr  till- up.tv  li:iil)mir  in  ii.      It    l^  rukDiiol 

l!ii'  liiKll  :vtii!  I;i:'.'/ll  t'mii  in  all  ilu  (.a:i,  1m  c  lll.u.il--,  it' 

iHii   111  all   llu'   Hiiiilli   U\i!  lii'li.i:)   lolonii*.     UriJ^;  - 

Tinvn  laki  -  il^  iiaiiu-  Ip)iii  a  luiih^'  in  ilici-all  \:\\t  (it  il, 

invtiil  oMT  ii:c  watLis  iliat  (HI1K  tVtviu  tin-  nui'lihour- 

in.;  maiilu'>- ;  Init  ;v  ilrt.iUtiil  tin.',  vsiiuli  LipiKiicJ  loiiK 

u'ars  a;^»,  tldlroyal  ;i  p\al  part  ot    it.     It  is  liic   Hat 

lit   tii;-  govirnur,    couiuil,    ami  atlli'ilily,   and  alfb  of 

tlici.>'Uit  lit  ihaiKory.     Ilu-  j; 'w:ii  u's  lioiilc  i.>  almut 

;i  mill"  out  111    till'  town,    wliitli  is  not   rctkonal  vcn 

jh  ililiy,    o»    aci'ouiil    ol'    till'   ml  ■MiKunn^,^   '^'arlln.'-. 

'Ihtti-  ar^:  Uviial  tort:-  and  bat  ti.i  its  about  tin.  toAn  and 

bay. 

There  is  a  colk.-.c  in  ihi.'  town,    wlilih  was  foiindod 
i'       .,....„.  . 


N'  ()  R  T  H     A   M  r.  R  I  C  A. 


5^- J 


a:ul   hlu-rally  i-r.di'V'd    by   Coioncl   Codrin^ion,    wiso 
v\      a  nalivc  of  thi .  illand. 

luuinicrcc  of  Barbabo^s    tiic 


to  (I 


,.i  artliks  ot  ■.\p  iriaf.on  aiv  alot.,    cotton,    [;ia- 

i,i; 


\\  all  ivi'iH. 
pniuiii 
i-.r,  lugar,  riini,  and  iiiulalU-.     'I'iiolc  of   ........ 

arL- timluT  of  v:'.ri.iiis  kimis,  bread,  llour,  Indian  vorii, 
rico,  tobacii),  Ionic  tall  Ixtf  aiui  jiork,  lilh,  ]  ulll., 
and  otliLT  provitioMs,  Ironi  the  norllit-rn  colonii  ;  llavcs 
\:  r.u  the  coall  of  Africa;  wine  ironi  Madeir:'.,  Ti-rt.'ra, 
and  lull,  as  alto  tonic  brandy;  lu\f  and  pork  from 
bfiand  ;  lait  troiii  I'uratlao  ;  liruii  of  all  tort'-,  brtjad 
tloiii,  kerteys,  tllks  and  tluH^,  reil  caps,  lluekinj^,^, 
and  (hoes  o I  all  torts,  |.'lu\cs  and  iiais,  iiiilUnery  uare 
and  |)erriwlps,  laees,  pels,  bean-,  oais,  thong  beer, 
pale  ale,  pkki.-,  eaiulies,  butter  and  elicele,  iron 
ware  tor  their  lii^ar  worlds,  Uaileii  ware,  powJer  anil 
Ib'.'t,  i'lals  and  copivr  wares,  hi:. 

'i'hi^  illand,  :v  uell  as  janiaiea,  luHlred  the  grcatill 
r.ilaniiiies  b\  ilic  ilreadliil  luirriiaiie  wl.ieh  liaiijienctl  la 
tin  luonili  ol"  Oil  liber,  lySo.  The  pl.uitLuions  were  al- 
nioll  nil  ddlpned  ;  mv\  l»rK'f;c-'l'own  was  redueeil  to 
a  mere  heap  ot  ruins,  ic  iree  a  building  in  it  being  kti 
'.landing.  No  lets  than  ii  parilb  churches,  ami  ; 
ehiipcis,  were  levelled  with  the  ground,  aniDng  wliicii 
was  the  line  church  of  Si.  Michael.  'I'hc  lireets  were 
tovered  with  the  niins  ot  the  lioutes  ;  and  it  was  lup- 
poVd  that  no  lets  than  3000  jierlons  [K'rillud.  The 
ihips  in  C'lrlitle  May  were  diiven  out  to  lea,  and  tewial 
ol  them  call  allioic  and  loth  The  dam.ige  was  to  iai- 
nienlc  lliroiighout  the  ilkitid  as  not  to  be  clUiiiaied  ; 
and  the  whole  fomicd  a  )i.eiie  more  melancholy  ami 
ikjiloraiile  tliiin  it  is  iiotlible  for  words  to  detcribe. 

.s  r.  c  II  R  i  sTorncR. 

''[''UK  Iflanl  -it  Si.  Chri'.lipher,  called  by  mariners 
•*■  St.  Kilt's,  1-  tiiuaud  in  17  ileg.  north  latiuide 
ahnul  14  leagues  I'roiu  Antigua,  and  is  about  Co  miles 
long,  anil  7  bro.id.  it  h.i  I  its  iiaiue  from  Columbus, 
in  his  firil  \o\age  to  AiiKiiui  'i'lic  I'lvnch  aivl  ling- 
lilh  arrived  here  ilu  lame  day  in  1625,  and  dividcii  tlic 
illand  betwien  them.  Three  years  atier  iheir  letiliiig, 
the  Spanlarils  drove  them  out  nt  li.  1  hcv  linin  rcturiietl, 
^lul  continued  to  liNc  in  haimoLV  lill  1666,  when  w.ir 
being  commenced  iHtween  the  two  nations,  St.  Chrillo- 
pher  became,  at  diliercnt  i\'ri(KN,  the  tcenc  I't  war  and 
li'  od-llictl  for  hail  a  centurx.  in  1702  the  I'reiiih 
wc.e  eiitiielv  c\i  elled,  .uvl  the  peace  ot  L'fecht  con- 
firmed this  illand  to  the  I'li'dilli.  In  February,  17S;, 
It  was  taken  I  v  the  I'rcncl',  but  nllorcil  again  to  (Ileal 
Ihita'n  In  ihc  late  tieat\  ot  peace. 

The  alRiv.bla'^e  of  a  great  number  of  high  and  bar- 
ren imnintains  make  ^t.  Kill's  a])pear,  to  thole  who 
ajproacli  it  bv  li.a,  like  one  liuge  mountain  covered 
with  wood;  but  tl'.ev  lind,  as  they  come  nearer,  ihat 
the  coall  grows  mure  eal\,  as  well  as  l!ie  aleent  ol  the 
iiiouiilaiii^,  whiih,  litia/,  one  above  anotlier,  are  culti- 
vated a^  high  as  pothble. 

The  climate  of  St.  C'hrilhiphcr  is  hot,  though,  iVom 
(he  height  of  the  lountiy,  much  le!'.  than  might  i.e  e\- 
[ne^leil.  Tlie  air  is  jmrc  and  healthy  ;  but  the  illand 
is   fubjeel   to  lfe<iueiit   llorms,    luir:icaiie%  and   carth- 


([uake"-.     The  I. .il  i .,  in  gen.r.il,  lig';i  and  i'.nhW,  but 
vei}    tiuilful,    and    wdl    watireil    by    leveial    lisuiei-. 


wimh  lun  down  both  tides  ol    the  iiKaintain- 


Thi 


animal',  vegetal  !e-,  fn:.  arc  the  lame  v.lih  ihotc  of 
i'.ubadoiS.  The  whole  iflaad  is  coverul  with  plapla- 
lions,  whole  owners  (noted  for  llv  tliftnets  of  iluir 
m.anner^)  live  in  agreeable,  clean,  and  convenient  li.'- 
biiation.,  adoniLiI  with  fountains  and  groves.  Molt 
of  their  lioulis  are  built  of  cedar,  and  llie  'ands  h(.d;^.d 
with  orange  ami  lemon  trees. 

The  moll  c ontidt  rable  town  upon  the  ifiand  is 
IJalle-terrc,  fornieih  the  capital  of  ihe  ireaili  paii: 
the  oilier  is  called  S.iiid\ -I'oint,  and  alwavs  lielonged 
to  the  l.nglilli.  'I  here  i^  no  haiboiir  :  on  theconli.irv, 
the  luif  is  coiitinuaily  bulling  on  the-  fandy  Ihore  at  ll  c 
lew  placer  til  to  laatl,  which  not  only  prevents  the 
luiilding  any  i,uay  ir  wliait',  lul  renders  the  landing 
or  Ihipping  of  go.)ils  alwa\s  inconvenient,  and  very  it- 
ten  dangerous.  'I'hey  have  been,  tiierefore,  obrip,ed 
to  adojH  a  partiiular  method  to  ciiihark,  or  i)ut  the 
liea\y  goods,  hicli  a>  hogiheads  ot  U;gar  or  rum,  on 
be.aid.  I'or  this  purpofe  ihey  ule  a  laiall  boat  of  a  pe- 
cuh.ir  conil ruction,  called  a  iiio/es :  this  boat  lets  otT 
Iroai  the  lliij)  \\lih  tlime  vcr\  active  and  e-.pert  rowers : 
when  they  lee  what  tliey  uili  a  /////,  ihat  is  an  abate- 
llKat  1.1  ll'.e  violeike  of  tlie  llirge,  lluy  ]'ulli  to  land, 
aii.l  l.vy  the  tides  of  ihe  iiiofrs  on  llv  llrand  ;  the  liogl- 
hcad  is  rolled  into  ii,  and  the  time  piecauiioiis  are 
uled  to  carry  it  to  the  thij).  Il  is  in  this  inconvenient 
and  very  lia/.aixlous  iminner,  that  the  lugars  are  con- 
veyeil  on  board  In  tingle  luiglliead;.  Rum,  cotton, 
and  other  gooils  th.il  will  bear  the  water,  are  generally 
lloated  to  il'c  lliip  both  m  going  aiul  coming. 

The  public  atllursat  Si.  C'liriltopher's  are  .ulminilleretl 
by  a  govcrno.'-,  a  council,  anil  an  allLmMy  cholen  tioni 
tl'.e  nnie  parilbes  into  whiih  the  ill.ind  is  divided,  anil 
which  have  e.ich  a  large  liandlotue  chiiuh. 

Th.e  illand  of  St.  Clirilloplier  llillaiiied  great  damagu 
by  a  violent  liurricane,  which  Iiappened  in  the  monili 
of  October,  17S0.  All  the  gooiN  la  ilie  warehoules 
and  Cellars  near  the  beach  were  totally  dellroyed,  and 
upward-;  of  100  vellels  were  driven  out  to  lea,  many 
of  wl'.ich  were  lull,  and  the  crows  perillied. 

A  N  tk;  L' a. 

ANTKil'A  u:;s  liiicover^d  bv  ChiiHopber  Colum- 
iii  ,  bui  iioi  leilled  upon  till  ilie\ear  i6j2,  when 
tl-.e  I'.nglilh  look  puiiellion  of  it.  It  is  liiu.ited  in  17 
deg.  111. nil  latitude,  and  is  of  a  circular  form,  about  20 
miles  each  wa\,  and  luar  60  in  tircumtereace.  It  is 
more  noted  tor  good  harbours  than  all  the  f'.nghlli  iflands 
in  ihefe  feas,  \el  lo  eiicompaiied  with  rocks,  ;hat  it  is 
of  dangerous  accels  in  main  parts,  elpecially  to  thofe 
that  are  not  well  acquainted  with  the  coal!. 

The  climate  is  hotter  than  Barbailoes,  and  very  tlib- 
ject  ID  hurricanes.  The  foil  i.-.  lamb ,  ami  iiiui  li  of  it 
overgrown  with  wood.  'Idiere  are  but  lew  Iprings,  ami 
not  lo  mufli  .IS  a  brook  in  the  whole  ill.uul  ;  lo  dial  the 
piiaci|ial  ilei'endaiice  of  the  inhabll.i.a-  antes  from  the 
w.iter  f'upplicd  by  calual  r.iiiis,  i^hiJi  they  lave  in 
cillerns. 

The  capital  of  Antigua  is  St.  j>  hii,  a  regular  built 
town  on  the  wtllern  llnre,  with  a  good  liarbour  ot  the 
lame  name,  whole  ml  ranee  is  tleleii.ied  by  1-ort  James. 
Il  is  the  retiikiii  e  of  the  governor-general  of  the  Ca- 
ribbee  l.eew aril  111  iiids,  the  pl.ice  where  the  aireinhly 
lor  this  id.ind  is  lulcj,  and  the  port  where  the  greatelt 
trade  is  carried  oa.  It  was  a  very  llourilliing  town  be- 
fore the  lire  la  17^19.  The  bell  [lort  in  the  illand  is 
I'lngli'li  Harbour,  on  the  ibudi-lidc.  At  much  trouble 
and  e.xpeiice,  il  has  been  made  lit  lo  receive  I  he  great  ell 
Ihips  of  war.  Tin  re  are  alio  a  ilock-jaril  wall  lloivs, 
and  all  the  iii.iterials  and  convenieiicies  neiellary  to 
repair  and  careen.  iMiglilli  1  larbour  is  at  a  liiiall  dil- 
l,i!ice  from  the  town  and  harbour  ol  I'.ilmoiith.  There 
;iie,  betides,  Willoughby  Uay,  to  the  windwanl  of 
iMiglilli    Harbour;    .Ncnluch    llarb^ar,    on    the   call 

point  ; 


'i 


h:\ 


riJ*!,' 


N!*V  ANi; 


l.iin     .,n     till- 

irccki  and  liivilkr 


t«:l 

f 


M 


41 


5^4 

point  ;  .■'.'1, 

iioiili  liiii;  i  -i!i"  .1  givu  ini.iil>i.r  ot 

bays;  Init,  in  iv-ii.i-.il,  t\w  lluiiV  Ivin;;  iDvky,   wIilTi- 

fvcr  tlio  ki.idi'^j;  vvouUl  b^-  pr.i.  licalMc,    it  ii  lictciulcJ 

bv  t'ori-i  aiul  !•  itli-rii.". ;  ;uv.i  tlK'a- i-.  toiiiiu.inly  oik-   r>,-- 

giiiKnt  ot    rv ;Vi!;ir  trixips  iiu.ir;...'il  iln-iv  t  <r  ilic  di.- 

tiiiiL-  I'l  I  111-  i(!,i:ul. 

Tlic  <j,i)wrii 'r-u,."i.'ral,  uhcii  lie  t!>inlv.  pr<i]vr,  calh 
:i  f^iiKi.ii  allL.ul'l)  ol  the  rcpidliU.Uiw:.  t)t  tlic  utluT 
ill.uid'..  Ai\ti;Mia  lias  btlid.-.,  a  lii.utciuiit-};uvi.-nii>r, 
a  coiiall',  .lul  Is  iiwii  .'.lloiiiiily,  cuni|!ulLi,l  ol  24 
nvMilvr-^.  I;  :  •  ilivivl^il  iiiu>  6  p.uilli  s  aiivl  .  1  ditlri.ns 
ot'wluih  r.'^  lend  each  two  ivinc!'>.iiUtivcs  '-^'■'■^^  '''••'  ^'  ^^■ 
J<>h!i  ioir.'. 

\  I".  V  I  S. 

^T^'.VIS,  \\!i:.;li  1.  no  tuoro  tlian  a  val\  mounta'Mi  ri- 
**  I'lr.fi,  I"  a  very  lonliderablo  heti^lit,  is  limited  about 
four  mile"  to  ilie  ilnilli  ot  St.  Cluiitoj)lurV.  1  lie  toil  ' 
is  tVuiikil,  and  the  ll.iple  loniniodity  lu;;ir,  whidi  I 
lerv^.^:lll  th'' purpot'es  ot'  nionc), .  Here  are  loineiiuies  | 
violent  rain  a.id  luirricme-,  a  111  tlie  other  ili;ind-,  and  1 
tl'.e  .'.ir  is  IV,  :\  l\oiti.i-  than  that  oi'  Bailv.iioev.  ' 

Oil  this  illaiul  are  ni.iny  reni.:rkal)le  inlects  and  re[)- 
tiles,  particularly  the  llyin|;-tyge:,  the  huni-lh,  and  a 
kind  of  fnail  calKd  the  ioidier.  The  lea  abound-,  vuih 
a  variety  ot  excellent  fitli,  as  proopers,  rotk  hlh,  old 
wives  tavallies,  welth-nieii,  iiuid-tilb,  wilks,  eoekks 
iobtlers,  &e.  Land-tnibs  are  very  eoiiinioii  here  ; 
they  are  tiiiailer  ih.an  fea-erabs,  and  r-ike  little  bur- 
rows, like  rabbiis  in  the  wiiod-,  towards  tlie  top^  ul 
the  inouin.iin' .  Ilie  only  venoawu^  treaiure^  are  li-or- 
[lions  and  ei  'i:  j-'ik^. 

Tiny  i;ave  plenty  <'f  ;.rpa:agus  here  ;  and  there  is  a 
tree  called  diddle-doo,  which  bcar^  a  lovely  blolfotn 
of  the  tineil  vellow  and  Icarkt  colours  and  ii  elleeined 
a  Itjveretgn  leiiudy  in  kiiT.e  ihforders.  Tl'.e  litiuorice 
bulli  runs  wikl  alonp;  ilie  llone  walh  ot  common  field-, 
like  the  vine.  The  butter  here  is  not  ;;ood,  and  liieir 
new  ciicet'e  tar  wofle.  The  llieep  liave  neither  horn>  or 
wool,  but  arc  cloaihetl  with  llnootli  hair,  and  i;enerally 
full  ot  tiiial!  red  or  black  I'pois,  relembling  thole  ot  a 
tine  I'jKiniel.  1  hey  breed  twice  a  year,  if  not  otuiier, 
a,.d  gen'-rallv  briny,  two,  linv.,  or  toiu'  l.in.!->  at  a  time, 
;vid,  what  i.i  more  extraordniar,,  I'uckle  them  ;'.il.  Ti;e 
rams  are  of  a  p.ile  red  cokiur,  .litli  a  thick  row  ot  lon^;, 
lb-ait,  red  r.air  hanging  I'.own  from  the  lowei  jaw  to  the 
Invad,  as  far  as  iije  tore  leg-.  Tlie  h'VS  b.ing  led 
V. ;t;i  Indian  cor^i,  Spanilh  potati.'.-s,  and  I'ugar-cane 
iiiu.e,  are  exceeding  fw.'et  fojd,  white,  .md  I'at  ;  a  are 
the  tow  is  and  'urkies,  which  are  fed  with  the  lame  if.t. 
The  ground  iloves  lv,-re  are  about  the  li/.e  ot  a  lark,  ot 
a  ..hocolate  colour,  ijxuted  with  adark  iihie,  their  h.  .ids 
like  that  of  a  robin-red-breall,  and  their  eus  aiid  cg^ 
01  a  nv'>''  ['ure  red.  Tiiey  h.ive  e.xcellvnt  gai''.  ciKks 
and  fierce  bull  tloT-j  beii'Jes  laigc  tur-dn'  ,  but  p.o 
hou-.-.ds  or  f>  iiiiels. 

N'e\i-  wa-  f'lrmerh'  nu;ch  more  flourilhing  than  at 
preieni,  a".!,  bel  're  the  revolutiun,  contained  j^cxio 
inhaiiita!;!-.  Tlie  mvalio:!  ot  the  i  reach  about  that 
time,  and  f'me  epidemical  difor.Iers,  have  Ibangely 
di.iiii.illieJ  tl'.e  number  to  what  i!'ey  ih'.-ii  were. 

rkre  are  three  toKrabIc  ro.id'.  or  bays  "n  which 
are  a-- mair^  little  towns,  \1/,  N'eAcaflle,  Liilleborough 
on  .M  )rvt'i;i-Ii,iy,  .md  Ciuui. s-Town  t!ie  lapital,  witli 
a  lort  c;.iled  fJre.it  I-'orl,  th-it  defends  ih.e  atichoriiig- 
I'laee,  wii.r  the  <';)\  er:;  ;',  ccnnnil  and  allembly  meet: 
the  iall  i- <  i>mpoii.d  of  live  members  tor  each  of  the 
three  pariilies  into  w'lieh  thi-  illind  is  divided. 

Here,  .u  in  linn.'  ot  the  other  C'lribbi-es,  it  a  wiiile 
ni  :n  kills  a  bfe.  k,   he  cannot  be  tried  f  r  his  hi  ■  1  ir  the 


U  IIU.NT1C  SYSTl'.M  or  UNIVKRS.M,  ClXKiRAITIY. 


murder;   :'.':d  all  t!;:'.t 


lurte 


r^  i>   a   li' 


..it 


If  a 


leiicy  t>  the  mailer  lor  tlie  lots  of  iiis  (l.ise. 
Urikcs  a  while  man  he  is  punilhed  wuh  the  lols  ul 
hand  ;  and  if  he  Ihiuld  draw  blood,    with  death. 
Hcyjro  cannot  be  e".  idenee  againtt  a  white  man. 
i'he  iiih.abitaiiti  li..'. 0  three  ['ul)lie  animal  f.ul., 


FiiH. 


imjilore  the  Uisir.e  rrotec^ioii  ag.iinll  hurricanes;  an.) 
it'  none  hap]ien  in  .|ul\,  Aii;;ull  or  September,  they  ap- 
point a  pui>]ii.  th.inklgumg  m  October. 

The  trade  of  Ne\is  coiilitU  in  inol.ili'e'.,  rum,  and  a 
prodigious  ijuaiitity  ol  luiions. 

1 1,1-  ill.md,  as  well  as  the  following;,  was  taken  by 
the  I'rcnch  in  the  year  178^,  but  relloied  al  the  [le.wc 
111  lybj. 

M  O  N  1  S  1:  R  R  AT. 

MONT.'^F.RR.AT  w.is  dillovercd  by  Columbus  in 
149^.  It  lies  in  16  deg.  J7  mill,  north  latitude, 
and  62  deg.  IJ  min.  well  longitude,  li  is  25  miles 
alnioll  tourh  t'Hiih-e.ill  from  Nevis;  :o  well  louth- 
welltnm  .Antigu.i;  40  north  wetl-trom  (iuadaloiiiu;; 
and  243  from  Harliadoes.  It  is  ot  an  ov.il  tigme  ; 
about  three  le.igues  in  length  ;  the  liime  in  bre.idth  ; 
and  iS  in  comjiab.  The  Spaniards  gave  it  the  name 
(f  Montlerrat  from  a  t'ancieil  relemlilance  it  bore  to 
a  mountain  ot  that  name  near  Barcel  ma  in  old  Spain. 
It  W.I--  lettled  in  1632  by  Sir  Thomas  \\  arner,  and 
tak.  n  in  the  beginning  ol  the  reign  ot  t'h.ul.i  II.  by 
the  Ireikh,  who  relloied  it  to  Ijiglanil  at  tlie  |)eace  of 
Hied.!.  The  full  letikrs  were  Irillimen,  anil  die  jiiv- 
letit  in)lahitant^  are  jiriiicip.illy  coiiipuled  either  of  their 
delientLinis  or  natives  ot   behind. 

Tlie  ilimate,  toil,  and  produce  of  Montfcrnt  arii 
miu  h  the  lame  as  thofc  ot  the  other  Kngiilh  Caribbec 
lllaiid  .  The  mountains  yiekl  cedars  l'"-"  t)prels-tiee, 
the  i:jn  tree,  with  other  woods,  anil  tome  cnlonterous 
tiirul)..  It  is  well  watcrctl  and  truitlul  ;  and  the  j.Lir.t- 
ers  tormerly  railed  a  great  deal  ol  indigo.  The  fur- 
n'uiuhiig  leas  ])roduce  luii'e  hideous  iiionllers,  parii- 
cul.'.rly  two,  which,  Irom  their  remarkable  uglinefs,  a'i 
ivell  ,u  the  poilonous  i[u.uiiy  of  their  llelli,  are  called 
lea  devils  The  lamanture,  by  tome  called  the  tea- 
CO.'.,  is  tound  in  this  iltand,  and  geiierall)  al  ihe  en- 
trance ot  tielh  w.iier  rivers.  According  to  the  ac- 
count- we  have  ul  it,  it  i^  an  amphibious  anmi.il  ;  and 
lives  muilly  on  heriiage.  Its  tielh  i-  reckoiud  \ciy 
w  hole  li);  lie  IoikI,  when  lalted  ;  and  they  are  to  largo 
that  t.\o  or  three  ot  them  load  a  canoe. 

I'he  government  of  Montlerrat  is  com|)olcd  of  a 
lieutenant-governor,  a  cnuncil,  and  an  allemhh  of 
eight  reprelentaiives  two  tor  each  ol  the  lour  Uilbicti 
which  divide  the  illand. 

Nionlerrat  has  imi  any  harbour,  only  three  roads, 
namely,  at  I'bmoudi  (which  ij  the  chiel  town  in  tin: 
illand)  0!^l  1  larlKiur,  and  Kcr's  I?a\-,  wiicre  the  lliij)- 
ping  and  l.iiiding  ot  go^nls  is  atl.iided  with  the  lame 
inconveniences  as  in  the  illand  of  St.  Chrillopher, 

nARlU'D.X. 

"11  \RRri)A  i.  a  fir. ad  illuid  in  iS  deg.  noitli  fit. 
-*■-'  :'.ii'.i  61  deg.  J  J  mm.  well  long.  I J  miles  nortli-eatl 
i>l  .Montlerrat  i  its  length  being  about  20  miles,  and 
its  breadth  12.  It  is  the  projierty  of  the  Codringloii 
famih,  wh  J  have  the  appoinliiient  of  the  governor. 
I'aii  ot  the  ellate  ariliiig  trom  it,  amounting,  a-,  is  laid,  to 
2COol.  a  ye.ir,  with  two  plantations  in  15.irbaik)es,  weie 
bei^u.'athed,  in  1710,  by  Cliriilopher  CiMliiiigton  I'J.]. 
governor  and  captain-geiieial  (/t  Barbadocs,  to  the  lb- 
I  ieiy  tor  ]jre)j.agatiiig  the  golj'cl,  tiAvanis  the  mib-uciioii 
ot  the  negroes,  in  the  Caribbee  lllaiuls,  iii  the  Cliii- 
llian  religion,  and  the  creclion  of  a  coilcgc  at  U.irba- 
d-'cs  kir  teacliing  the  liberal  arts. 

■|  he  Luil  of  tlll.^  illand  lies  low,  liut  ii  fertile:  th- 
inh.ibit.ints  apply  themrelves  chietly  to  the  lueeding  ol 
c.tid'-,  and  tailing  provilidiis  with  which  lh<'y  liijiply 
the  aei.ihbuuri.ig  itla.nds  M.uiy  ui  the  commodities, 
however,  vduch  are  railed  in  thu  other  Well  Inihi 
ifl.inds,  may  be  alto  raili.1l  here,  fuch  as  citrons,  pome- 
gianaies,  orange.,  raifnis,  Indian  tigs,  mai/,e,  cocoa- 
liuis,  cinnamon,  pine-apples,  and  the  f  nfiive  )'l.int, 
with  vaiiouj  kind,  of  wocjds  and  drugs,  lueli  a.  iir.ilil, 
ebeny,  pepper,  iiidij^o  and  the   like.     There  are  tome 

Iar'i,e 


amkrica] 

l.irge  t'er|K'nts  on  the  ilia 
JKiir  poilonous  or  no\.h 
i.ud's'  and  lri.j;s;  though 
,„ort.ll.  unkis  .Ul  aiitidot. 
well  fide  ol  the  ill.uid  is 
ilear  from  rocks  and  land' 

A  N  c; 

Is  htuateii  in  itj  deg.  n 
w.-ll  longitude,  ahou 
Chviliophii-"'-.  It  is  ver\ 
diued  the  Spaniards  to  j. 
or  "  Kel."  1'  i''  I*'  ''"^  •' 
were  there  lirll,  did  not 
even  keeping.  The  I'.ng 
when  ihey  t^«'k  potlelh 
a  long  lime  in  their  ha 
cnnirarv.  Within  a  tew 
t.Uigabie  labours  oi  the  | 
vimvd  them  that  their  it 
nccel'aries  of  life,  but,  1 
lluv  tell  to  their  neighboi 
The  climate  is  very  hea'i 
and  vigorous.  Their  ex 
cotton. 

To  the  north  of  B.ul 
hitcd  illands.  The  moll 
Icigues  dillaiice,  and  is 
fills  i.f  an  eminence,  in 
tiiiding  K>me  reteiiiblaiict 
of  Sombrero,  which  it  h 
To  the  well  of  Barbii 
(rolled  a  ch.uiii'l  ot  ei 
lllaiids.  Tlieic  take  up 
about  24  leagues  long, 
I'orto  Rico,  with  a  bre.11 
are  comiioled  ot  a  great 
rent  throughout  and  Ipi 
tiangerous  to  navigator 
ami  pariicularly  ot  lev 
traile  ami  navigation  ol 
in  the  middle  vit  them 
le.igiies  broad,  and  lix 
be  imagined, and  in  win 
and  Ibeltered  from  all  \ 
The  \  irgiiis"  (iangw.iv 
of  Sir  I  laiu  i-.  Dr.ike, 
when  he  made  his  exp. 

One  <f  tliele  illand 
the   allonilliiiig  iiu.int! 
there.      Tliele  i'inls  ar 
rovii'.d   ai-.d  plump  hki 
e.lt.      Their   plum.ige 
three  leathers  in  each 
Their    beaks  are   llior 
They  have   a  long  teal 
iiuhes  long,  whicli  coi 
the   tail   ihey  h.ive. 
not  having  been  e\er 
The  Virgin  Ulaiid- 
greatell  pan  uniiihabn 

I)  O 

THIS  illaiid  was  (1 
It  Dominica,  bee 
It   i-   litiiatid  m  16  I 
well  longitu  le  ;  lies 
loujie  and  Martinico 
and  1.1  in  breailth. 
to  the  rearing  ol  colle 
hills  bear  th.e  linell  1 
whole  illand  is  well  h 
Here,  as  in  liime  01 
mountain,  and  hot  \\ 
of  Bath,  in  I'.ngland 
No.  4iS. 


amkrica.] 


N"  O  1<  T  II     A  M  I',  RICA. 


SH 


mm,    ami  a 


l.irgi-  liTiK'nis  oil  the  ifl.vnil,  luit  they  arc  fo  f.ir  Iruin 
Ikiii;^  |miiIi)Ii<iu-.  or  noMuuv,  iliat  ihiy  ilcllroy  rats, 
Ki.i'N  and  Iroj^s;  thovi^li  tlic  llinj;  or  hitc  ol  tiiiicis  i> 
mortal,  unLls  an  aiUKiuto  is  miii  kly  apjihed.  On  the 
well  liili'  oi  the  illaiid  is  a  ^ood  wch-(hLllLri.\l  road, 
ilcar  trum  rotks  aiitl  lands. 

A  N  (;   L    II,  I.  A 

IS  fitiiatcd  in  19  i.\vg.  north  lat.  anil  (>  1  di};.  57  niin. 
'.v.'ll  lonL!,itudi,  ahoiit  75  niilis  nortli-wid  of  St. 
C'liiilloplKi'^.  It  IS  vi-rv  loni;  and  narrow,  which  i.i- 
<linid  iIk-  Spaniards  to  ^\\c  it  the  name  ol  AnL^iiil!  i, 
or  "  Kel."  It  is  lo  low  and  lilt,  that  the  IreiuS,  ul.o 
were  there  lirll,  did  not  think  it  worth  cultivating,  or 
f\en  keeling.  The  I'.n^lilli  adopted  the  laiiu-  opiiMo;i 
wlun  they  look  polhllioii  ot  it,  and  llu  illand  wa-. 
a  lon|.\  lime  in  their  h.iiuls  hetoie  ihey  perceived  liii 
fotitr.irv .  Within  a  few  vears,  inciudr),  and  the  ind  - 
tit igahle  labours  Ol  the  planters  ot  An^uilla,  h.ive  eon- 
vineed  them  that  their  ill.uul  ]iriKlin.es  not  onK  all  the 
nceel'aries  ol  lite,  hut,  oelides,  manv  provihons  wiiiih 
they  lell  to  their  neiy,hbours,  as  well  a-  lu^ar  ;'nd  totton. 
The  elimate  is  very  he.ilthy,  and  the  inhabilants  llronf; 
and  vigorous.  Their  cxjiortations  are  lugar,  rum,  aii'l 
cotton. 

To  the  north  of  Barluida  are  levjral  Imall  uniiiha- 
hilcd  111  uids.  The  moll  remarkable  o{'  them  lies  at  lix 
le.igues  (.iiilanee,  and  is  about  a  league  loni^.  It  (ori- 
fills  i.t  an  emiiKiite,  in  whieh  the  .Spanilli  diko\.iei-, 
linding,  |i)nie  relemblance  to  a  h.\t,  tiny  gave  it  the  name 
of  Sombrero,  wIikIi  it  has  alwa)  s  ])reterveii. 

To  the  Well  ot  B.u'buda  and  Sombrero,  after  having 
(rolled  a  ihann'. I  of  eight  leagues,  begin  the  Virgin 
Klaiids.  'I'lieic  take  up  a  fjucc,  from  call  to  well,  of 
about  24  leagues  long,  quite  to  tiie  eariern  toafl  of 
I'orto  Rict),  with  a  breadth  of  about  16  leagues  They 
are  eonipoled  ot  a  great  number  of  illcf,  whole  toallh, 
rent  throughout  ami  Iprinkkd  with  rocks,  every  wheiv 
tiangerous  to  navigators,  are  famous  for  lllipw|■ee^^, 
.ind  pariieularU  ot  leveral  galleons.  I  lapiMl)  tor  the 
trade  anil  navigation  of  thele  illands,  nature  has  placed 
in  the  midille  ot  them  a  large  balon  ot  three  yr  four 
leagues  broad,  and  lix  or  feven  long,  the  linell  that  lan 
be  imagiiieil,.md  in  which  lliips  may  anchor  laiid-loi  keil, 
and  llieltered  from  all  winds.  The  Bueeaneers  called  it 
The  \  irgins"  (iangw.i)  ;  but  its  true  name  is  T 'le  I5av 
of  Sir  liaiui.  Di.ike,  who  lirll  entcnil  it  ir  15S0, 
when  he  made  his  e.xp.dilion  againll  St.  Dcmiii::,". 

One  it  thele  illands  is  called  The  Tiopic  K.eys,  trom 
the  allonilliing  ijuaiitity  of  tropic  birils  whieii  breed 
there.  Thele  birds  are  about  the  lize  of  a  pigeon,  but 
round  anil  pluiu|i  like  a  jartridge,  anti  very  good  to 
eat.  1  heir  plum.ige  is  ijUite  while,  e\ce[)t  two  ur 
three  te.it hers  in  eai  h  wing,  which  arc  ot  a  dear  grey. 
Then  beaks  are  lliort,  thitk,  and  of  a  pale  )ellow. 
They  have  a  long  leather,  or  gather  quill,  about  feveii 
iikIics  long,  whicli  comes  out  of  their  rump,  and  is  all 
the  tail  lliey  have.  They  obtained  their  name  liuni 
nut   having  been  e\er  Icen  but  lielwecii  the  tropie- 

The  Virgin  Illands  are  all  of  them  imall,  and  the 
greutJl  I'aii  uiiiuhabited. 

I)  O  MINI  C  A. 

TPH  IS  iflaiu!  was  diieovered  by  Columbie  ,  who  c'.lled 
-*■  It  Dominka,  beinuie  he  tiill  law  it  on  a  Suiulav. 
It  is  lituated  in  16  de ;',.  north  latitude,  and  62  deg. 
well  longitude;  lies  al>i>ut  half  way  between  (Jii.ida- 
loupc  and  Martinico  ;  and  is  about  28  miles  in  kngih, 
and  1,3  in  bre.idth.  'I'hc  li)il  is  thin,  and  betieradapted 
to  the  rearing  ot  coflee  than  liigar  :  but  the  fuks  ot  the 
hills  bear  tl;e  linell  trees  in  the  Welt  Indies;  and  the 
whole  idand  IS  well  lupplied  with  rivulets  ol  liire  w.iter. 
Here,  as  in  li)me  other  of  the  C'aribbees,  is  a  lulphur 
mountain,  and  hot  fpring,  eiiu.il,  in  talubritv,  toilinie 
of  Bath,  in  I'.nglaiul ;  and  the  line  fruits,  p;irticularly 
No.  4S. 


the  pine-apples,  arc  fiiiKrior  lo  .my  that  gr<)w  on  the 
Irencli  itlaiuls.  At  the  norih-well  end  of  the  inaiid  is 
a  ileep,  fp;lcious,  laiidy  ba),  called  rrince  kii;'erf's, 
Willi  h  I-  well  leiuicd  hoiu  the  winds  by  inour.tanis  011 
all  IkIc". 

The  moll  dilliiifuillied  pl.iee  in  thi,  ifland  is  the  Iowa 
of  Koleau,  lituated  011  a  Ipacious  harbour.  The  houfes 
are  low  and  irregularly  phiced  j  and  the  town  is  lliel- 
teied  by  the  circumjaicnt  mountains,  lome  of  which 
rile  to  a  lonlidirable  hcigl'.t.  The  Mioll  .iihaniageous 
\iew  of  the  town  i;  from  the  b:iy  or  harbour,  where 
lliips  ot  confide i.ible  li/,e  ri.le  at  am  hor  with  ihegreatclt 
laKu. 

'J  lie  f-"rencli  have  ever  exerted  their  iflorts  to  prc- 
V.  nt  the  l''.n<^lilh  trom  killing  on  this  illand,  as  it  mull 
cut  otl' their  lominuiiii  at  ion,  in  tunc  of  war,  bet\ve-a 
M.irlinico  and  (iuadaloupe.  By  the  treaty  hoNce'.cr, 
in  I7(>J,  it  \v;is  ceded  to  the  I'.ng'ini  ;  afterwu'ds  taken 
by  tlic  I'lench,  in  1778,  and  rjllored  to  Cjieat  Biiiai.i 
in  178J. 

S  T.    \   1  N  {.   1:  \  T. 

CT.  Mncent,  lituated  in  ijdeg.  north  latitude,  anil 
^^  61  ikg.  well  ion:;ilu  le,  is  about  24  iiiiles  in  length, 
.111,1  iS  in  bieadih,  lying  ;ibout  50  miles  norih.-welt  of 
li.nl  idocs.  Out  ot  the  ridge  of  mountains,  which 
crolles  it  from  li,uth  to  north,  rife  a  great  number  of 
ii\ers,  which  are  well  llored  with  filli.  Thele  moun- 
t  lins  are,  in  general,  of  an  eafy  alccnt  ;  anil  the  vallies 
and  plains,  fome  of  them  of  a  large  extent,  are  exceed- 
ing tertile,  ])roducii-.g  molt-  of  tlie  necelliiries  of  life, 
liaitii.  iilarly  luL,:'.r,  collee,  cocoa,  mu\  anatta. 

\\  \\i.n  ihi.  illand  w.is  ceded  tofircat  Britain,  by  the 
treaty  of  \erfailles  in  176,;?,  there  was  a  great  number 
of  a  mixed  breed  of  the  ancient  C'aribbees,  and  of  llii|i- 
w  recked  or  runaway  negroes ;  but  thcfe  have  been  all 
long  lince  exterminated. 

I'lie  moll  remarkable  )ilacc  in  St.  Vincent's  is  Kingf- 
town,  lituated  on  a  bay  ot  the  lame  name  it  the  frnth- 
well  end  of  the  illand.  It  is  the  relidence(,f  t.ie  gover- 
nor, and  the  place  ul-.ere  the  alkniblv  meet.  About 
three  miles  (rom  Kingllown,  towards  the  fouth-cafl,  is 
the  town  of  Calliagua,  whole  harbour  is  the  mofl:  conli- 
ckrable  i::  the  whole  illand. 


CiRI'.NADA,  ANi;  THE  CREN'ADINi:  >. 

GRIiNVn  \  i-  lituiled  in  i2deg.  r.onh  latitude,  and 
62  deg.  well  longitude,  abom  jo  leagues  louth-wcll 
ot  Barbadoes,  and  almoil  the  liime  diltanee  north  of 
New  Andalulia,  or  the  S|)anilh  Main.  This  illand  is 
abou'  30  miles  long,  and  15  broad.  The  climate  is 
good,  and  the  toil  rich  and  fertile,  and  particularly 
adapted  for  producing  lugar,  coffee,  toli.uco,  and  in- 
diiV'.  A  lake  on  the  to()  of  a  hill  in  the  mitldk-  of  an 
illand,  lup])lies  it  plentifully  with  tine  rivers,  which 
r.diin  and  feriili/e  it.  Several  b.ivs  and  harbours  lie- 
round  the  ifland.  Sime  ol  thele  m.iv  I  e  kirtiiicd  with 
great  advantage,  which  render-i  it  verv  convenient  for 
Ihipping;  anil  it  has  the  happinels  of  not  being  lubjeit 
to  hurricanes.  St.  (iiorge's  bav  has  a  land)  bottom, 
and  is  extrcmelv  capaci.iu--,  but  o|)en.  In  its  harbour, 
or  I  .iieening-plaic,  loo  large  veliils  ma\'  be  moored 
with  perfeiii  l.ilelv. 

Near  Cirenad.i  is  a  i  killer  of  Imall  illands,  called  the; 
(Jrenidines.  Thele  illand-.  proiluce  verv  hue  timber, 
lugar,  indigo,  tobacio,  peale,  millet  ,  but  the  cocoa- 
tree  does  noi  thrive  lo  well  in  them  as  in  the  other 
itlaiuk.  Thele  illands  were  ;ill  dil(:ovci\il  bj  Colum- 
bus, but  never  killed  by  the  S|  aniards.  The  Freneli 
lirll  ellablilli-il  a  co|on\  here,  I  ut  were  liiliurhed  by 
the  natives,  who  carried  on  a  long  and  blood\  war  with 
their  invaders.  y\t  length,  however,  thev  were  com- 
pelled to  fubmit  to  fiperior  force,  and  ilxn  the  lettlc- 
meiits  of  the  Fnnch  rapidly  increaled. 


|f:  T' 


3;'! 


6  R 


In 


■I'i 


A  NEW  AND   AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVERSAL  CEOCJRAIM  tY. 


5:6 

111  tltclifl  war  but  unc,  wlicnGnnaila  v^^'^  attackiil  In 
llio  Eiiglilli.  tl.c  Krciuli  iiiluhitaiiis  wlin  wlic  not  \\r\ 
nuiiKnai-,  were  io  ;im.i/iil  al  tlif  ruluction  ot  (imula- 
Kuipc  aiul  Martiniio,  lliat  '.•  loft  all  lj)irit,  ami  liir- 
K'luUriil  witliinit  makiiin  t.A  ..lil  (ipiuiliiioii;  ami  tin- 
I'lill  i-ropirty  ot'  tl'.!^  lll.iiul,  t^.jv  iIkt  witli  llic  (in-na- 
liiiK"-,  Win-  i"ntiniKil  to  tlu'  cu'aii  ..t  (irc.it  Bnl.iiii  liv 
llic  treaty  ot  [K-acc  in  1763.     lUu  injui\,  177^,  tli'' 


French  maiic  themdlve^  luallcrs  ot"  11  ;  tiiougii  il  vv.k 
ridiiivil  by  till-  tri-..ty  ot    17S0. 

'1  lie  Itlanil  ot  Ciiviiaila,  with  all  tliolc  atljtiininp,  to  It, 
liilhun^il  tonliilcr.ihle  il  luiai'i-  hv  a  ilaMiitul  luirnciiii; 
that  lia|iiK'ncil  in  the  monih  ot  tKlol)>.r,  1780.  Many 
ot  the  hollies  were  levelUil  with  the  groutul,  the  plan* 
t.itioiis  iJi.'llro)til,  anil  I'tver.i!  llii)is  isliicli  lay  in  tlio 
h.irboiir  totaliv  loll. 


C  H  A  P.     VIII. 

BRITISH    AMERICAN    ISLANDS. 


I 


iti^ 


]k 


HWINd  ik-tcnbetl  the  Britiih  Iflands  in  theWed- 
Indii's  Hx  lliall  next  Uirvev  the  ul her  American 
llUnd'-  belonging  ti)  lJ^,  wliiili  are  lituateil  111  ilifiireiit 
parts  of  the  iKean  ;  anil  as  we  ihall  beyjn  ai  the  northern 
extrcniiiv,  Newtountlland  will  tirtl  eiij,ai;e  our  aitentian. 

N  K  W  I-  O  U  N  D  I.  A  N  D. 

! 

THIS   idaiul,  which  was  (lillovcred   bv  ScbaHian  ! 
C'.ibMt,  ill  1507,  u  liluaied  i<itlic  eall  >it  ilieduli)!!  1 
v.jt  St.  LawreiKC,  between  46  and  szdeg.  north  latitude,  | 
and  between  53  and   59  de;^.   well  longitude.      It    is 
about  350  nlile^  in  knj^ili,  and  :oo  111  breadth;  and  is 
bounded  on  the  north  by  BiUedle  Strait,  on  the  I'outli 
and  e.;l\  bv  the  .\tlanlic  IXe.iii,  and  on  the  well  by  the 
Ciul'i'li  ul'  St.  Lawruui-.    It  has  many  (.xecllcnl  hadiuurs. 

The  tluiuie  ot  \e\slou  lid  land  i-.  intoler.iblv  hot  in 
lummer,  and  iiiteniely  cold  in  wintir.  I'or  tour  or  live 
months  in  the  winter  the  ground  is  covered  with  li'iw, 
frozen  as  hard  as  crylial.  The  t'juthern  and  e.  I'.ern 
coaHs  I'eldom  enioy  a  very  lerene  iky,  trom  their  neii;h- 
bourlioiK.)  to  the  Great  Hank,  which  is  almoll  conllant- 
ly  cuverul  with  a  thi'''  fog;  but  in  the  norllierii  and 
welKni  jiarts  the  fky  o  very  char,  both  in  lunimer  and 
winter.  The  toil  is,  in  geperal,  barren.  Mod  of  the 
meadows  and  vale^  produce  notjiint^  but  a  kind  ot  mols. 
Many  Ipecies  of  timber,  however,  grow  Ik  re  in  the 
utmoll  ]ierfa'tion;  and  tl.c  firs  are  .is  fit  for  malls  as 
thole  ot'  Norway.  There  arc  lonie  tniitf'ul  ijiots,  and  a 
kind  of  ne  which  grows  naturally  without  culture,  and 
is  \ii\  ii.iurilhiiiL',  with  wild  ilr.iwberries  and  rafp- 
bcrric;.  The  iiland  abounds  with  wild  towl,  deer, 
hares,  ral-.bif;,  foses,  l'i.|uirrels,  bear-,  beavers,  wolves, 
otters,  und  other  quadrui>eds ;  and  the  Tea  is  pleiuitully 
Hocked  with  dilleieiit  kinds  of  ilelicious  lilli,  betides 
cod,  the  llaple  coiiiiniHlily.  It  is  certain,  however, 
that  the  inhabitants  would  be  in  the  utinolt  diltrcls  fur 
bread,  and  many  other  neceflaries,  but  from  the  ex- 
port ■  thither  from  the  mother  countrN,  or  the  coiitinciii 
of  America,  I'roin  which  tiie\- li.ue  ahiioll  ever)  thing, 
exceiit  tiih,  veniliin,  and  wild  fowl. 

Tlie  value  of  Newfmiiulland  c(/nlills  in  the  tr.idc  lor 
fifh,  of  which  there  is  Inch  plent\  on  the  coai'ts  (jf  tlu- 
ifland,  that  the  whole  world  ah;  oil  might  be  t'ui)|)licd 
from  it,  all  foils  being  taken  in  imniaile  iiuantitie. : 
but  the  princijial  lilhery  is  of  cixl,  wherewith  a  great 
number  r.f  lhij;s  are  Uden  eveiy  year,  for  Englantl, 
I'lanci,  Si)ain,  romig^al,  Italv,  and  other  jarts.  The 
ii..;i.i  liihery  is  e.;,  the  I'ireat  Bank,  and  the  other  banks 
about  this  itl.uid,  as  allii  along  ihe  coal'l.  The  (jreat 
Bank  i.  a  \all  mountain  und.er  water,  extending,  in 
length,  according  to  the  motf  accurate  tea-charts,  tiom 
the-fill  (leg.  ot  north  l.uitude,  lo49dcg.  25  min.  and, 
ill  bie.idti;,  from  4:  lU-!',.  30  min.  to  51  deg.  jo  min.  of 
well  longiiude.  Its  <i,;|,!li  of  w.iiu'  is  from  5  to  60 
fathoms.  '1  his  Iwnk  is  covered  with  a  \alf  i,uaiitit\  it 
Ihells,  and  lever.il  kinds  n|'  tilliol  ;ill  li/.es,  moll  of  which 
lerve  tor  fond  to  the  iod-ti(h,  wliulc  number  is  iin- 
menfe.  (ireat  numbers  ot  vell'el .  have  loaded  here  an- 
nually for  two  centuries,  yet  tlii^  v.dl  eont'umiilion  has 
produced  no  very  a|  parent  diminutuii  'A  tlieir  i. umbers. 


The  c;i;.en  Bank  is  about  120  mile's  long,  and  about 
50  over  where  broadeft.  It  lies  ofl"  the  fouth  loall  of 
.^  twloundl.ind.  There  are  fever.1l  other  banks,  but 
I  lie)  are  not  conlidcrablc  enough  to  dclerve  particular 
iiutice. 

The  Great  Strand,  or  drying-place  for  filh,  which  is 
about  a  Ic.gue  in  extent,  lies  between  two  deep  hills, 
one  of  wlikh  is  teparatcd  from  the  Strand  by  a  fmall 
rivulet,  which  forms  a  kind  of  lake,  cailed  the  Little 
Bay,  auoundmr,  with  falmon.  The  Great  Strand  may 
contain  .it  once  wherewithal  to  load  60  Ihips.  There 
is  another  lelier  Strand  for  the  ule  of  the  inhabitants 
who  filh  all  along  the  coall.  The  fiihing  fealbn  is  fnjiu 
Sjiring  to  Septtmbir.  All  the  train  oil  that  comes 
from  Newfoumiland  is  drawn  chiefly  from  the  livers  of 
the  cixl.  1  he  principal  towns  arc  Placentia,  Bonavifta, 
and  St.  John. 

The  Indians,  or  natives,  of  this  ifland,  arc  ftid  to  be 
a  gentle,  milil,  tradable  peojile,  calily  gained  by  civi- 
lity and  good  ufagc.  Thev  ]):iint  their  bodies,  and, 
in  winter,  are  clad  in  fkins  and  furs. 

The  following  is  the  ])roccfs  in  catching  the  fill), 
preparing  them,  &c.  The  cixl  is  caught  with  a  liar- 
]ioon,  the  bell  bait  lieing  a  little  HIli,  called  capel.iu  , 
l>ut,  for  want  of  this,  they  fiimctimes  make  ule  oi  the 
inteltines  of  the  cod  itielf.  As  foon  as  the  tilli-.rmnn 
has  caught  a  filh  with  his  line,  he  pulls  out  its  tongue, 
and  gives  the  filh  to  another  man,  whom  they  call  the 
behcader.  This  man,  with  a  two-edged  knife,  hkc  a 
lancet,  fliis  the  filh  from  the  vent  to  the  throat,  which 
he  cuts  acrofs  to  the  bones  of  the  neck  :  he  then  lays 
doun  liis  knife,  and  pulls  out  the  liver,  which  he  dro]ii 
into  a  kind  of  tray,  through  a  little  hole  made  on  ]nir- 
pole  in  the  fcaftbld  he  works  upon  ,  he  then  guts  it, 
and  cuts  ofl'  the  lie.ad.  This  done,  he  delivers  tlie  lilh 
to  the  next  man,  who  Hands  over  .igainll  him.  This 
man,  who  is  called  the  flirer,  t.ikes  hold  of  it  by  the 
left  gill,  and  rells  its  back  againll  a  board,  a  fiKit  long, 
and  two  inches  high  :  he  pricks  it  with  the  llicing  knife 
on  the  left  lidc  of  the  vent,  wliich  makes  it  turn  out 
till  I'.ft  gill  :  then  he  cuts  flie  rib-;,  or  great  bones  all 
along  the  vertebne,  .about  halfway  down  from  the  neck 
to  the  vent  ,  he  likewile  does  the  fame  on  the  right  tide, 
then  cuts  aflant  three  joints  of  t!ie  vertebra;  through  to 
the  fpinal  marrow ;  ladly,  he  cuts  all  along  the  vcrte- 
br.e  and  Ipinal  marrow,  dividing  them  into  two,  and 
thus  ends  Ins  operation.  A  third  hcl[)er  then  lakes  this 
tilli,  and,  with  a  kind  of  wooden  Ijxitula,  flrapes  all  the 
blood  that  has  remained  along  the  verteinu'  that  were 
not  cut.  When  the  cod  is  thus  thoroughly  cle.mfed 
(lometimes  walhed)  he  drojis  it  into  the  hold,  through 
a  hole  made  tor  that  ]/urpofe,  and  the  liiltcr  Is  ihe:c 
ready  to  receive  it.  Tliis  aflitlant  cr.ams  as  miicli  fail 
as  he  can  into  the  inner  part  of  tlie  filh,  lays  It  down, 
the  tail  end  lowed,  rubs  the  Ikin  all  over  with  tak,  and 
even  covers  it  wiili  more  fait  ;  then  goe's  through  the 
lame  piucels  with  the  rell  ot  the  coil,  which  he  heaps 
up  one  upon  another  till  the  whole  is  laid  up.  Th.e  lilh, 
thus  lalted  and  piled  uj)  in  the  hold,  is  never  meddled 
with  any  more  till  it  is  brought  home  und  unloaded  for 
tale. 

Tii? 


AMI.RlCA.l 


NORTH     AMERICA. 


S«7 


The  nxl  iiittnil.-J  fordniiif^  ii  c:m|;Iii  uivl  IkIu'SiIv-iI 
iti  tlu-  limn  tn.iniKT  ;  l)iit  tlic  u|(ir.ili<iii  ot  laltiii^  \aiii. 
in  li>ittt  ti'.v  |>ajlii.ular>. 

Tins  ill.i;\i!,  atiiT  v.iiious  (lllj.iitc,  Wiis  tfiKil  to 
Knglaiid  111  171.1 1  liiit  ilii  KrikIi  wire  Kh  at  liberty 
to  dry  il.iir  nit^  on  tin-  iniritarn  lljor^s.  Ky  the  treaty 
of  176J,  they  were  |)eriuiiieii  to  'i  in  the  (jiiljih  ot 
St.  l.awretK'-,  on  eoiuhiiou  that  thcv  did  nor  apnioaeli 
\uihin  tlini' leai^ie.  o|  ,111  v  ot  ilie  eo.ills  hi.'loin;iii;.'  to 
l.nat  Unt.iin.  I  lie  liniili  ill.md^  ol'  St  I'iure  and  \li- 
(jueloii,  to  the  loiilli  lit  .NCuloumlLiiul,  wjre  i.eded  to 
thol-'reiuh  l>\  the  (aiue  tuatv,  tor  uiririj;  their  tilh  ; 
but  they  eii;^i^'d  not  to  creek  any  toriilicatioiis,  ami  to 
keep  C'liy  50  1  ildicp*  to  enforce  the  ])oliec.  R\  the  !a(l 
maty  ot  iKace,  the  1 'rem  h  are  to  enjov  tlie  tilhciicb  on 
the  iiorili  aiui  well  tuaili  ot  Newtoum'.land. 


CAPK    n  RF.TON'. 


''PHIS  ifland  i'  fitu.itetl  in  thefiulph  of  St.  I^iwrence, 

A    between  45  anil  57  tkj;.    north  latitude,    and  be- 

I  veen  6t  and  ft:  dci;.  well  longiiiidi,  JKino  aliont  100 

ir.iles  loni;,    a'ld   So  broad.      It   l:i's  ;iboiit    :o  le.'.^ies 


limth-well  troin  Newtouicdland, 


leiiaritid  by  ihc 


Siriit  ol  Cuilo  troin  N'.iva  Seoti.i.  The  nortii  to.ill  11 
high,  .ind  ahiiiiit  in:ui\  lliblo  ;  but  tlie  loiith  coall  con- 
t.iin>  liveial  cxcclUiU  harboiirb,  more  particularly  that 
of  l.ouiflnirgli,  i>iie  of  t!ie  tinell  in  America.  The  cli- 
jiute  here  is  much  tlie  lame  with  tiiat  of  Quebec,  only 
more  lubieft  to  toe'-.  'I'iie  air,  however,  teems  to  be 
j'i'etty  whoieloiiie. 

'I'lie  illand  abouiub  with  likes  and  rivers,  cial".,  and 
linie-llone ;  and  thou^di  tl;ere  are  many  barren  ijioti  in 
it,  aijjjlei,  jiulle,  whwii,  ami  other  corn,  flax  and 
hemp,  are,  or  may  be  railed  in  it.  The  mofl  lommon 
tree;i  are  u;iks  ol  a  priAh;.;i(./us  li/e,  pines  lit  tor  malls, 
alh,  maple, -plane,  and  alj  m  trees.  There  is  no  oc- 
tai'ion  for  diggiiiiJ  deep,  m  diaiiiinu,  the  waters,  to  come 
at  the  io.iK  here,  a;-,  in  oilier  louiitrie^. 

Ot  aiiiinals  there  aie  horll"-,  hogs,  oxen,  niee|i, 
goats,  and  |)oiiltr),  on  the  illind,  but  j;ame  is  liarce. 
'liie  paiiriilges  are  aliuoll  as  bij^  as  iihealaiits,  and  not 
unlike  them  in  tl;e  colour  of  their  feathers.  The  quan- 
tities of  cod  and  other  lilh  on  the  coall  is  almoll  iniie- 
•  hlile ;  and  there  are  iiuinbers  of  whales,  lea-wolves, 
porpoiles,  and  leals. 

The  brench  Ix.-^an  a  feulement  on  thi,^  ifl.md  in  17  14, 
which  they  continued  to  iiicreak,  anil  tuitilied  it  in 
1720.  They  were  dillielied  by  tlie  fjiglilli  in  1745; 
but  reinflated  by  the  treaty  of  Aix-la-L'liapille,  in  1748. 
It  was  afterwards  leilucetl  in  17555,  by  iheBritilh  troops 
and  fciuuen,  under  (ieneral  Amherll  and  Admiral  Biil- 
luwcn.  It  was  ceded  to  the  crown  of  (ireat  Britain  by 
the  treaty  of  176^,  liiice  which  the  fonihcations  ot 
Louilburiiii  h.ive  been  demolillied. 

There  are  Icveial  linall  illands  lying  round  ("ajie  Bre- 
ton, particuhuly  thole  of  St.  Feter  and  iMadame,  or 
.Maurepas. 

ST.    JOHN. 

THE  Illand  of  St.  John  is  alio  lituated  in  thcGulph 
of  St.  [.awrence,  about  40  miles  north-well  ot 
Cape  Breton,  in  between  45  and  47  deg.  of  north  lat. 
being  about  60  miles  in  leii<^ih,  and  upwanls  of  -;o  in 
breadth.  The  air  is  dc.n  and  healthy,  and  the  toil  in 
moll  places  rich,  pioduciii^^  Indian  corn,  and  a  great 
variety  of  garclen  plants,  (ireat  part  of  the  country 
was  cleared,  and  Ii)  well  improved,  by  the  I'rench, 
that  it  wao  called  the  (iraiiar)  of  t!aiiad:i,  from  its  fup- 
plying  that  colony  with  corn.  I'lie  animals  arc  tlie 
lame  as  ia  Cape  Breton.  It  abounds  in  excellent 
tiir.bcr. 

This  idand  was  ceded  to  the  crown  of  Great  Britain 
by  the  treaty  of  176 j. 


Ihe  BI.RMUnAS,  OR  the  SUMMER  ISLANDS. 

'X'HFSK  arc  a  duller  of  very  fm.ill  iflands,  and  we'c 
■■•  <!ilcovered  by  John  Bcrmtide/.,  a  Spaniard,  foin 
vvhom  they  received  tiuir  lirlt  name,  as  they  d.d  their 
lecond  from  Sir  (ieorge  SumiiKr,  wh,)  was  call  a'.\ay 
upon  them  in  |6of).  lime  which  the)  li.ive  iK-loiig.-.l  to 
<  ireat  Britain.  They  are  lituated  in  the  Athniic 
(V^.m,  in  3:  de;;.  iiorfh  latitude.  They  have  a  cle.ar 
teminnite  air,  with  plenty  of  (K  Ih.  filh,  poultrv,  fruits, 
herbs,  nxits,  &c.  The  tjimate,  howiver,  of  late  jears, 
is  altercil  for  the  worle.  C'edai-s  grow  here,  amlierrris 
is  foi.iul  on  the  Diores,  and  whales  ami  lunLi'are 
caught  on  the  coall.  Here  is  a  breed  of  bluk  ho<>i 
whidi  are  miiiii  \alu(d.  White  clialk-!lones  and  to- 
baic)  are  ex|><>ited.  ()ran>n-s  and  pahiutios  abound; 
and  many  things  are  found  in  g.i.ii  plent\-,  water  cx- 
cejit  ■ ;  for  the  inhabitants  have  n;>ne  but  what  falls 
from  the  cloiuls. 

The  chief  ifl.md  is  St.  r.eorf;c,  which  takes  its  name 
from  (;eor;j,e -Town,  and  is  a  il.anint  place,  16  miles 
in  kngiii,  ariil  three  in  bre.idih,  and  contains  l.andliimo 
biiildiiijv.  'File  ilref  emi'Ioyment  of  the  inhabitants 
is  building  fmall  vetUls. 

I'liete  illands  are  thu'-  delcribel  by  Waller,  the  cele- 
brated iR>et,  who  relided  here  duriiij^  the  civil  wars  of 
I'ingland. 

Bermudas  wall'd  with  rcKks;  who  diK-s  not  know 
'1  h.a  happy  i!land,  wiiere  hu;4e  kniiii^  grow, 
.And  orange  trees,  which  goLL'n  fruit  do  bear; 
Tir  I  Ffperian  gardens  boail  of  none  to  fair  ; 
W  here  ihiniii!^  pea  '.,  coral,  and  many  a  [lound, 
On  the  rich  Ihore,  ol  ambergris  i-,  found. 
Flic  kitty  cedar,  which  to  hiav'ii  alpires, 
'Fhe  prince  of  trees,  is  tew.l  lor  their  fires ; 
The  fnioak  by  which  their  loaikd  Ipits  do  turn. 
For  incenle  might  on  lacred  altar-,  burn  ; 
Their  ]irivate  root^  on  inlorous  timber  borne. 
Such  as  might  palaces  for  kin,',5  adorn. 
'Flieir  Iweet  palmettos  a  new  B.iccluis  \  ield, 
\Vith  leave-,  .vs  amjile  as  the  bro.ulell  ihield  ; 
I'ndei   the  Ih.ulow  ot   whole  tiiendly  bough^, 
They  lit  carouliiig  wIktc  their  liquor  grows. 
I'igs  there  unplaiiled  tliro'  the  tiekl  do  grow, 
Such  as  tierce  Cato  did  the  Romans  lliew. 
With  the  rare  fruit  inviting  them  to  liwil 
(^irthage,  the  millrels  of  lb  rare  a  li)il. 
The  nakeil  rocks  are  not  unfruitful  here, 
Bu',  at  lome  conllant  kaliins  ev'ry  \ear, 
Tliei.'  barren  tops  with  lullious  food  abound. 
And  with  the  eggs  of  various  fowl  are  crown'il. 
Tobacco  is  their  worll  of  things,  which  they 
To  F.nglilh  landlords  as  their  tribute  p.iv. 
Such  is  the  moukl  that  the  blell  tenant  teeds 
On  precious  fruits,  .and  pays  his  rent  in  wceils. 
With  canilicil  |ilaiitaiiis  and  the  juicy  pine,  -^ 

On  choiced  mekms  and  fwect  grapes  the)  dine,        I 
And  with  potatoes  fat  their  waiitun  Iwine.  J 

Nature  thel'e  cates  with  fuch  a  laviih  hand 
Fours  out  among  them,  that  our  coarfer  land 
Talles  of  that  bounty,  and  doth  cloih  return. 
Which  not  for  warmth,  but  ornam.nt,  is  worn  : 
For  the  kind  fpring,  which  but  lalutes  us  here, 
Inhabits  there,  and  ourts  them  all  the  year. 
Ripe  fruits  and  blolloms  on  the  lame  trees  live; 
At  once  they  promile  what  at  once  they  give. 
So  fweet  the  air,  fo  moderate  the  clniie. 
None  lick!)  lives,  or  dies  before  his  time. 


TtiE  BAHAMAS,  or  LL'CAYA  ISLANDS. 


T 


1  H-'SE  illands  are  fiiuated  in  the  Atlantic Oican,  to 
the  north  of  the  illand  of  Cuba,  and  not  lar  from 
the  coafl  of  F'Uirida,  flretching  from  the  north-wei'   to 
the  fouth-eall:,  bi.'tween  21  and  27  der.  north  latitude, 
and  between  73  and  81  deg.  \\\i\  longitude.     They  are- 
very 


\ 


(Ul! 


fili 


5-« 


A  M.W  AND  ATTUFNTIC  SYSTF.M  or  LN'IVI.RSAL  GF.OC.RAI'HY. 


t  - 


P^^^ 


';}w 


rl^^ 


i»«,i 


t '•:>. 


very  niim.'row,  ;iiul  twelve  o(  tlictn  pntiy  lar^^-. 
Bilwiin.1,  wliii li  is  thi-  largoll,  hcim;  about  50  m\\:\  m 
length,  tli<iii^it  vif)  n.iiTiivv,  aiiil  gives  n.tiiK-  t.ithL-  r;'lt  . 
livs  ;5  U'.i.'.uv  Iroin  the  iniiiiiHiit  nt  Kl'-ruLi.  It  cnMys 
i«  liniu'  tiiiij  cr.itc  ;iir,  wiili  a  liuittul  loil,  will  w.iuiiil 
ivir\  ikIhTv  \miIi  li)riii^>  .ind  nsulit> 

'I'lioiioii  \\,i.w  \wTv.-  the  liill  l.iiuJN  (lilii)vcral  in  Aiin.- 
lica  by  Coluinbus,  the  Siiani-inli  lU'Vir  ilmugiit  ot  lei- 
tliiii;  in  ihciii.  The  l.iii^lilh  knew  nothing  of  them  till 
1667,  when  Captain  William  Se\le,  being  houiu!  U> 
Cari'lina,  w.^  loieeil  among  tliiiii  bv  a  ilorm,  whiih 
gave  hiiu  an  i>i>i>t)rtiinii\  ot  i\ainininu,  tluiii  earetull\, 
I'arlaMlarK  ihat  whiih  at  iPicluit  is  known  by  the  name 
»)t  I'loviilenee.  At  his  leturn  he  reported  the  beialit 
lhe\  mij-lit  be  mail  Mil  to  the  (late  ;  upon  wine  h  jii  ants  ot 
thtiu  were  made  out  to  iiroprietor.-,  ealled  the  Haliama 
C'ompan\  ;  but  the  government  was  reierveil  in  the 
\,.Uh\'-  ot  the  I  rowii. 

The  Stiaits  of  Bahama,  whiih  the  Hriiilh  fliei  lo 
l.aiipilv  lieaieil  in  the  lall  eNpedition  a^ainll  the  I  la- 
vannah,  are  well  known  to  navigators,  t.ir  the  ilaiigt  r 
anil  ditiiiulti'  s  that  attend  the  palllni!,  tlii'ii. 

Tliele  illands  lie  near  to  I  lilpaniola,  and  to  the  11  >led 
jxMt  ot  the  Havannah,  in  the  Iflanil  ot  Cuba,  uliere 
<hc  Spanilh  galleons  and  (I'lla  always  rendezvous  bet"re 
t!ic)  return  to  Kuro])e,  having  (he  (iiilpli  ot  M<inda  to 
the  well,  and  the  Windward  I'allage  to  I'neeall  I't  ihem. 
In  tiiiu^  ct  jK'aiethe)  are  eapable  ot' great  iniproveiiunt 
in  point  i>t  trade,  atul  havealwavs  lieen  a  good  retreat 
li)rdilabled  ihips,  blown  troni  ditierent  parts  ot  the  mn- 
tineiit  ot'  America.  In  times  ot  war,  the  IJntiih  enii/ers 
and  iirivateerf,  Aationed  at  the  Bahama  Itlands  are 
more  eapable  to  ubrtruC'  and  annoy  the  Spainlli  trade, 
homeward  bound,  than  \ny  that  arc  (lationed  at  tiierell 
ut  the  Bntilli  colonies  in  Ameriea. 

TIk  Baham  is  were  captured  bv  the  Spaniards  during 
the  lall  war,  but  they  wiie  retaken  by  the  Bntilli  arii)> 
1:1  xiij. 


I  Al  KI.AM)    ISLANDS. 

'rill'-SK  iflamls  weie  tiill  ililcoveied  by  Sir  Riihaid 
*•  I  I.,  kin-  in  1594,  thepiiiuipal  ot  which  he  named 
i  I  I'A  kins  i\I.iidenlaiid,  in  lnMiour  ot  (^leen  l-.li/.ubcth. 
The  prelent  I'.ngliih  name  ot  l-alklaiid  was  probably 
gi\in  them  b\  laptain  Strong,  in  I')J9,  and  being 
adoplid  b)  Halle\,  it  has  iioni  that  tiiue  been  received 
in  our  maps. 

Ill  the  u.ir  1764  the  admiralty  revi\id  the  ichcnie 
ut  a  leitlement  in  the  South  Seas,  ami  C'onuuodore  B\- 
nin,  who  w.is  lent  to  take  pollellion  ot  I'alkland  Ill.uul-, 
1.1  tiie  n.ime  ot  his  Biiiann.ii  M  i|clly,  in  Ins  lournal  u- 
pie!'  lit-,  them  a-  a  valuable  aciiuilition.  On  the  otiur 
hind,  tlu'v  are  reprelented  by  Cajjiain  Maebnde  (who 
in  1766  Iticieeded  that  gentUman)  as  the  ouicalis  ot 
n.ilure.  "  We  found  (lays  he)  ,1  mal^  of'  illands  and 
broken  lands,  of  which  the  loil  was  nothing  but  a  bog, 
with  no  Itetter  prolJKCl  than  that  ot  barren  m  untanv, 
beaten  I>v  lloinis  almoll  perjielual.  Yet  this  is  I'ummer ; 
and  it  the  winds  ot  winter  hold  their  natural  propor- 
tion, thole  who  lie  but  two  cables  length  Irom  the  lliore, 
mull  pals  weeks  wiiho  I  having  any  tommunicatton 
with  It."  Ihe  pl.mts  and  vegetables  which  were 
(iluitedbv  Mr.  Buon's  people,  and  the  fir-tree,  a  na- 
tive of  ruggeil  ami  ii>ld  climates,  had  withered  awav. 
But  the  goats,  llieep,  and  hogs,  that  were  carried  thi- 
ther, were  lound  to  thrive  and  increalc  as  in  othir 
]ilaie..  (ieele,  ot  a  tilhy  t.ille,  Iiiiiks,  foxes,  li;.i. 
iioib,  penguins,  plenty  of  goinl  water,  and,  in  the 
lummer  monilis,  wild  celery  and  I'orrel,  are  the  natu- 
ral pi.Kluetions  ot  thele  parts. 

lalkland  Illands  can  hardly  be  deemed  Briiiili,  as 
the)  leer.i  to  have  beer,  rather  abandoned  by  the  Lng- 
lilli,  in  order  to  avoid  givinjj  umbrage  to  the  court  ut' 
Spam. 


C  II  A  P.     IX. 


The     fox     ISLANDS. 


UN  I  l|\R  flic  general  denomination  of  the  Fox 
Illands  (which  were  dil'covered  by  a  RufiTian  na- 
vigator are  compriled  the  Ifles  ot  Ooneemak,  Oip- 
nanlka,  Amoghta,  S.iivoogham,  Arnluk,  /Xiooian, 
Ooneila,  Ataka,  Kannaton,  ami  Oiiool.illik  i.  Ot  the 
latter  we  h.ave  given  a  particular  deliripiioii  from  tin- 
account  of  our  niuih-elleeiiied  countrMiian  Ca]itain 
Cook. 

Tliii  gi'oup  of  iflands  (calitd  by  the  RuiTuuis  l.\(Tie 
Al!io\a,  or  l-'ox  Iflaiul-,  from  their  abounding  in  loxes 
of  divers  colours')  lies  m  a'.iout  4:  deg,  north  latitude, 
and  I  <;o  deg.  well  longitude.  The  wintcr>  are  milder 
here  than  in  the  more  latlern  ilime^,  anil  continue,  in 
general,  only  from  the  beginning  of  November  to  the 
end  ot  March.  The  produce  is,  underwoinl,  and  linall 
llirubs  and  pl.uit--,  for  the  moll  part  ilr.iilar  to  thole 
lound  in  Kamtlihatka.  Warm  Iprings  and  native  lul- 
(iliur  are  to  be  found  in  lonie  parts. 

CiTiat  numbers  of  li.i  animal,  as  lea  lions,  fea 
bears,  and  tli  otier-^,  relort  to  the  IlK/rc:.  The  foxes, 
tluring  the  il.iy,  lie  in  i.iies  and  iliti'i  of  rocks.  To- 
wards the  evening  they  loine  to  the  lliore  in  fearcli  of 
food.  They  have  long  ago  extiri)ated  the  brood  ot 
mite,  and  otiier  ImkiII  animals.  '1  hey  are  nut  in  the 
lead  afraid  of  the  natives,  but  diflinguilh  the  Ruffians 
b\  lieiit,   liaviii'.;  lound  tiie  elfei^l ^  of   llr  ir  file  arm"^. 

The  Fox  Illands  are,  in  general,  |)o],ulous.  The 
natives  live  in  fe|iarate  cummunitie-,  rom]ioled  of  fiftv, 
:  n  I  lometinies  ot  two  and  even  three  hundred  jierliins. 
Tneir  habitations  are  in  large  caves  from  40  to  80  yards 
long,  from  6  to  8  broad,  and  from  4  t(>  5   high.      I'iic 


r  .of  of  thefe  caves  is  a  kind  of  woixlen  gr.ite,  which  h 
lirll  fpread  over  with  earth.  In  the  lop  are  feveral 
openings  through  which  the  inhabitants  go  u])  and 
down  bv  means  ot  ladders.  In  e.ach  cave  is  a  numbir 
ot  partitions,  appropriated  to  the  leveral  families,  and 
thele  jartitions  are  markeil  by  means  of  (lakes  driven 
into  the  earth.  'I'lie  men  and  women  nt  on  the  ground, 
and  the  children  lie  down,  having  their  legs  bound  to- 
gether uiuler  them,  in  onler  ti>  make  them  learn  to  lit 
iijMin  their  hams. 

'J'liile  caves  arc  generally  fo  warm,  that  both  fexe^ 
often  lit  nakcil.  'I  he  natives  obev  the  calls  of  naiui-e 
opeiib,  without  deeming  it  indecent.  They  walh 
ihemlelves  lirll  with  their  own  urine,  and  afterwards 
with  water.  In  winter,  and  when  they  want  to  vva'M 
tliemlelves,  elj)eciallv  before  they  go  to  fleep,  they  let 
lire  to  dr\  grals,  and  walk  over  it. 

Till  ir  haliitations  being  alir.o'l  dark,  they   ufe,    par 
ticularly  in  winter,  a  Ion  of  large  lamps  made  by  hol- 
lowing out  a  llone,  into  wliiih  they  [  ul  a  rulh   wi^k, 
and  burn  train  oil. 

With  relpeCt  to  their  pcrfons,  the  natives  have  bl.uk 
hair,  Hat  fices,  and  are  of  go.id  flature.  The  men 
Ihave,  with  a  Iharp  llone  or  knife,  the  circumterein  0 
and  top  ot  the  he.id,  and  let  the  f.air  which  remains 
hang  from  the  irown.  The  woiiKii  iiit  their  hair  in 
a  lliait  line  over  ilie  foreheail.  Ikhini  they  let  it  grow 
to  a  conliderable  length,  and  tie  it  in  a  bunch.  Some 
of  the  men  Wear  their  beards,  others  lliave  or  pull  them 
out  by  the  roots.  They  mark  and  colour  their  faces 
with  dilllrent  figures.     They  make  three  incilions  in 

the 


AMFRICA] 

the  under  lip.  Theyplw 
or  A  linali  loloured  ftoi 
tliey  fix  a  long,  pointed  ] 
ner  as  t  "•  keep  the  iiolln 
holes  in  ihiir  ears,  and  \ 
incr.ts  tliev  can  proiuie. 
'i  he  men  w\ar  .;  kii  .1 
rormoraiiis  Ica-diver  , 
keep  out  the  ram,  inc) 
l'.!a<l  iers  and  intellines  c 
liiem  wear  common  caps 
uiHin  wiiich  they  \i.a\.  \ 
tiic  f>rc  part  ol  their  1 
pl:.ee  a  fnull  board  liise  1 
lM.n<?>  of  lea  i.iars,  and 
whieh  they  reieive  in  t 
t'liir  felhvals  .ind  duiu 
more  lh.)wy  fort  of  caps. 

'I'he  wDinens  drtis  is  r 
and  lea  bears.  Thele  Ik 
cutji,  and  neatly  teied 
w.th  various  llnpesot  lea 
T:.ey  I1.1VC  alio  upper  ga 
ol  tile  lirgell  lea  calves 

Their  l'>Jil  chiefly  coi 
inals,  an.l  they  generally 
their  food  they  ule.  a  hoi 
filh  or  flelh  therein,  1 1 
cii.le  the  think  with  li 
ujion  two  llones,  and  li, 

Vllion  wlliih  is  llilcllded 

air,  without  tail.  Tin 
lilies  and  other  roots,  t' 
berries,  lliey  cat  at  ai 
linclion  ;  but,  in  calls  i 
iiig  leveral  Oays  log>t''ei 

'I'li'-V  do  not  uiuieri'ui 
or  any  ilror.g  iiiju.irs ;  b 
Iniill.  >v,.ich  the  Ruilian 

I'hey    feed    I'nen    i  hi 
the  coanell  iLlli,  and  t 
fatit  cries,  the  mother  1 
fide,    and,  whether  fun 
in  the  water  untill  it 
from  doing  th^  childie 
againd  tne  cold  ;  and 
tiirough   the   winter,    ^ 
They  are  alto  trained 
and    It    is    an   opinioi 
illandors,  that  by  lui! 
and  l)ccomc  furtuiiaie 

No  traces  are  found 
them.     Several  perfon 
are  held    in  hiuh  e;. 
emolument.      I- ma 
are  not  held  in  ellima 
not,  however,  dehcien 
are  of  lively  aii^l  cheai 
jietuous,  and   prone   i 
favagencis  they  are  ver 
the  Rulllans  kceji  as  lu 
of  their  language. 

Marriage  cereinon. 
Each  man  takes  as  iu. 
the  number  lelduiii  i  \ 
occafiunaliy  allowed  t 
tliev  and  their  childre 
exchange  for  ^iher  con 


lu 


No.  49. 


AMl'.RICA] 


NORTH     A  M  i:  RICA. 


519 


t;ie  under  lip.  Tlieypl.ui-  111  tli-  .iMlon.-  :i  Hat  bone, 
or  a  liii.ili  io|..iiral  (iotu- :  in  call  ol  ilu-  ItJc  o;n'> 
t!n.-v  tl\  :i  loiij;,  I'oinliil  pi.-ii-  nt  lioiu,  m  luili  ;i  iiuii- 
n.T  ai  t  >  l.rtji  i;i'.'  lu'llrih  i.vui.d.d.  'I'li  a  ;iii;)  picuv. 
I'liUs  in  l!i<  ir  raiv,  ami  wt.ii  m  lliciii  wiiai  litilt  un-a- 

llKT.l^    tiK-  1.111   jirOlliif. 

'j  In-  mill  vvwir  .1  kin. I  ot  llii;t.  iii.ul..  oi  the  fkins  ot' 
fiinnoranis,  Ita-diviT-,  iiul  guiU ,  ami,  in  urdiT  (ti 
keep  out  tlic  rain,  ifiey  lia\e  upper  tr*niK'nt%  of  the 
Mad  ^c^^  .iiid  intellines  ot  divers  le.i-.nnmai*.  Some  ol 
tiuiii  vu-ar  common  caps,  ot  a  parlN-eolouied  bird  ikip, 
U|H)n  vviiieii  tlKV  li..i\  |4it  ot  the  \\uv^\>  and  tail.  On 
tiic  t'lrc  part  ot  tiieii  liiiiiiiii;;  aii'l  tiiliii'.;;  e  ips  ih\ 
j.iiix  a  fnull  buarti  lii-.e  a  ltree:i,  adorn^'d  wiiii  the  le.v- 
iiones  ot  t.a  t.iars,  and  or;umeiited  with  t^;l.U-.  Ik.id'^, 
whuh  they  receive  in  b.irier  from  the  Kuiiian  .  Ai 
their  tellivab  and  (iaiuiii);  parties  they  wear  a  iiuii.h 
mor'.'  ih  Avy  fort  ot  cap-. 

'I'lie  vvoinens  drtis  i-i  ma  li-  ot'  tlic  Ikiii.-.  ot'  lea  oitcr  . 
and  I'.-J  bears.  Tliele  ikiii^  aie  d^e^.l  \Mlh  a  li>it  ot  red 
cartji,  and  neatly  teAcii  with  liiK\<'',  aiv.l  oin.'i'ieiUnJ 
With  \irMus  lln;)eMit  Ka  otier  Kills  .i;;,i  Latiieiiu  ini;i.!.. 
'ri,t\  li.ive  alio  Ujiper  i;ainiiiit ',  niadi  {.f  lliv  i..!v;iiiKb 
ol  I  he  lir(',ell  lea  talvts  and  I.  a  lions 

'I'licir  fo-Jil  eliielly  t:i infills  ol  till),  and  Mer  Ua  ani- 
mals, and  ihcy  gcner;;llv  cMt  11  ri'.v.  When  tii.y  dixi- 
tlieir  livid  they  ule.  a  I;o';1oa  ihim.  1  lav.ii;j,  plaied  tin. 
tilh  or  ll'dh  tiierein,  iheyiover  ii  ^Mih  .iiiuthu',  and 
dole  the  liiink  wuli  lime  or  clay.  'Ihe)  then  i.iy  it 
upon  tAo  ihinc-;,  and  li.;Lt  a  lire  under  it.  i'iie  pro- 
vifion  wliieli  is  liiKiided  liir  keepiii}.!,  is  ilrkd  in  tlieo,.en 
air,  with'Uit  fait.  Tluir  j^reat'  it  delie.uies  aie  wikl 
lili.'H  and  other  rooli,  t'j^.iher  wiih  diiieieiit  kind'-  ot 
i)errie"!.  1  hey  cat  at  an\  iime  ot  the  ilay  without  dil- 
tiiiclioii ;  but,  in  cafes  of  iieceili!;',  arc  capu.ilc  of  lal'- 
ln(j  leveral  (Jays  k)tj,'t''er. 

lii'-v  do  not  uiuleriland  tin"  a't  "f  liilliirin;',  brand;. , 
or  any  ihor.f;  iiiU-T-: ;  Init  are  ve;y  Io:ui  >)t  i.j'l  a^c.i  auil 
thutf,  vv.iich  the  Riuli.ins  have  uiirodu' ed  .imong  thei.i. 

'Ihey  teed  liaii  thildren,  wneii  very  )ou!i;4,  with 
the  coar.cll  il.ili,  anil  tor  the  m'tll  part  raw.  It  an  in- 
fant cries,  the  mother  immcdiaieiy  carriis  it  to  tl-.e  tc.i 
fide,  aiid,  wlicther  liiinnur  or  v\iiiicr,  holds  it  naked 
111  the  water  uiiiill  it  is  i]uiet.  This  culf.mi  is  in  far 
from  doing  ihj  childicn  any  harm,  liiat  it  hardens  ihem 
af^aind  tnc  colli  ;  anil  thev  ai"Coi"din_:;ly  |.,.)  liare-looted 
tiirough  the  winter,  wahou'  the  kait  inconsenieiice. 
They  aiv  ai'.j  trained  to  ba'.he  trei]ueiilly  in  the  lea; 
and  It  is  an  o[)iiiion  geneially  i\ceived  among  the 
illandors,  that  by  luili  means  they  are  lendcud  bold, 
and  t)ecome  toruinaie  in  liihinir. 

No  traces  are  found  ot  aiiv  relij^i^ms  worlhip  .uiv.>;i;ill 
them.  Several  perlons,  imle'-il,  ['als  lor  loreeurs,  and 
are  held  in  lii^h  eineni,  fut  v.iihout  rei..;vsni;  a;iv 
cmolumcni.  I-ihal  diiiv  and  ref|K'."t  ttuv.ud.-.  the  agetl 
are  not  held  in  ellimation  by  thele  petjjile.  They  are 
i.ot,  however,  delieient  in  fidelity  to  eaih  other;  j.::d 
are  of  lively  and  clieadul  tem]K.is,  tiiough  rather  im- 
j.)etuous,  and  prone  to  anger.  Noli\irnllani:ing  their 
favigenels  they  are  very  docile  ;  and  the  bo\s,  who, 11 
the  Kiiliians  kceji  as  hol'uyes,  loon  .iciimie  a  knowledge 
ot  their  languaL^e. 

Marriage  ceremonials  are  unknown  anvin^  tiicm. 
Lach  man  takes  as  many  wives  as  lie  can  iiuinlam,  but 
the  number  leldom  exceeds  four.  Thele  woiiuii  are 
occafionally  allowed  to  cohabit  with  other  men;  and 
they  and  their  children  are  not  untie. iuently  bartered  in 
exchange  tof  i^ilier  commodiliLs. 


I'ealls  are  very  CDrnmon  among  tliefc  idinders,  inJ 
p.nic  ularly  when  the  inlubii.iniji.t  one  iflar.d  :;r;-  vinied 
h\  ihol  ol  another.  The  men  of  ili',- villa^'.e  loett  tlicir 
i'lKlls  beating  diuiiis,  an.i  pre. filed  iiy  ihe  women, 
.vho  ling  and  dan>e.  'I'liis  iloiu,  the  guells  ft  ciowu 
to  pirt.ke  .  ihe  liic  p'A'i'l'.d  lorihem;  atiir  which 
il  e  di\erlions  are  iiiiiodu.e.i  by  tlie  children,  r\:.o  dajcc 
iiid  ca|  -r  at  the  lam,'  time,  niakir.;;  a  luile  with  tlicir 
Imall  drum.-.,  while  die  owners  ol  il  c  hul,  of  hoili  lexis. 
In:'.'..  Ne.>.t  fellow  the  men  almoil  naked,  Inpliinj; 
iiivr  one  aiioiiicr,  and  beating  drums  of  a  larg'.-r  lize. 
riiele  ar;'  reluved  Ly  women,  who  d.mte  in  their 
il'iaili--,  while  tl.e  iivn  ling  and  beal  fheir  drum;. 
Thole  of  t  e  mal.!  natives  who  liive  leveral  >vi.ej,  do 
not  wiihoid  thtiii  from  llieir  ^ujII.  ;  but  where  ihe  holt 
ha:  no  more  than  oil'.'  v.ile,  he  make.-,  tl.e  i-llLr  i.l  a  te- 
m:i!e  liTvant. 

The  iiioi.th  of  N'  iv.iuber  is  thivfly  employed  by 
ili'le  lll^nd..r^  in  huiiiiiig,  by  wlii^h  they  ubi.iin  thu 
Aiiis  ot  lea  bears  t')r  lieir  cloaihing.  la  li.e  fprin^ 
lie"'  kill  old  f.a  bears,  fa  !ion«,  .iivl  whales.  Iij 
lai.ii  weather,  botii  in  fumr.iei  and  winter,  they  row 
.lut  to  lea,  and  cateii  1  oi|  and  oiiier  fill).  I'h-i''  hooks 
are  made  of  bono,  and  their  lines  ..f  long  tenacious  tea- 
wcLd,  wliicii,  in  tl.ofe  lias,  ;irc  lometiiiici  found  n.-ar 
160  yards  in  length. 

Tiiey  have  I'vvo  fort >  of  vili.;ls:  the  larger  are  lea- 
l!iwi!  boai--,  or  b'udais,  whicli  have  oars  on  lioth  lujes 
of  l:iem,  ;'.!ul  will  h'lld.  ^^o  or  40  ]xople  :  the  liruUer 
are  ro','.i.d  with  a  ifmbic  |  Uvidle,  and  will  cont.iin  but 
two  at  moil.  In  thele,  however,  they  pals  from  one 
ilLnd  t  I  aiv'lher;  ..I'l  lomeiimes  do  ii<t  Icrupio  to 
Venture  out  to  lea  in  tliem  f'  a  viry  eoaliderablc 
dillanie. 

.St ran,;. r-  are  not  permiited  to  hunt  or  tifli  near  a 
villag.',  or  t'j  carry  ml'  an}  thing  thit  is  tit  t.>r  tu'jj  : 
tlicriiore,  when  their  [-loMiions  are  ijUite  i.\luu!led  on 
ajou'.niy,  ti'.iy  are  loinp.'i.d  to  bi--  from  village 
to  MKa;-.';.,  and  call  up.-n  tli^ir  triend;.  and  relatijns  lur 
audi  mee. 

Tiie  natives  of  thele  illands  are  very  leldom  engaged 
in  .\ar,  either  among  theiufclves  or  with  thvir  neigh- 
l/wULs.  When  it  lo  tails  out,  and  they  iiai)jx;n  to  ijef, 
woun.!ed,  th.i)  appi)  a  kiiui  ot  )ell')'V  vKjt  t'J  the  we'Uiid, 
anil  tall  fir  loiiie  time.  I-cir  leUef  in  the  l-.^;.d-ach 
they  open  a  ve  n  in  ih.il  p..ut,  with  a  laniet  mido  of 
fio.'ie. 

Tiieir  we.-.pons  are  bo.vs,  arrov.s,  ..nd  darts.  TI.c 
latter  they  throw  with  giv  it  deMeriiy,  and  a  very  con- 
fiderabie  dillan>'e.  For  defence  of  their  perfons  they 
ule  wooden  fnieids,  wlmli  they  call  kuijukin.  When 
thev  wa.it  t.)  glue  the  jHiinis  of  their  arro'>vs  to  the  lli.ifr, 
tliey  llrike  tiieir  nules  pretiy  hard  till  they  bleed,  and 
ule  ti'.e  bi.)od  a^  giue. 

iAs  thele  ill.iiuleis  have  neither  la'.v  or  judrrc,  the 
molt  atrocious  crimes,  and  even  murders,  are  lullered 
to  pa'.s  unpunillied. 

Till  ir  luucral  ceremonies,  wliuh  are  very  lingular, 
are  as  follow.  When  a  poor  perlon  dies,  the  body  ii 
wrapped  either  in  their  own  cloaths  or  mats,  then  laid 
ill  a  gr.ive,  and  covereil  over  wilh  ea  ili.  Ihe  boilic* 
of  tl.e  iii.h  are  bound  n  iinil  wilh  tlu.ng-,  and  alterwards 
put  in  a  kind  of  wo'.ni-.-n  era' lie,  lupi  i.Ti-'d  bv  pole', 
winch  are  jdaced  crot'-vvays,  and  are  exi'oled  to  the  ail 
until  they  rot.  'Ihe  furviviiur  relations  and  friend.  e\- 
|>refs  their  grief,  upon  thefc  occalions,  by  bitter  la- 
iiieiitatioii:'.. 


Ii- 


niil 


.if  11- 


"T^if'^OT 


No.  49. 


6  S 


PH  AP. 


^ 


SP 


A  M:\V  anu  AL'THI-NTIC  SYSTF.M  ov  IJXIVERSAI,  Gl'XXiRAI'llY. 


C  II  A  P.     X. 
SPANISH  WEST-INDIA   and  AMERICAN   ISLANDS. 


e'  r  li  A. 

■"piM-.  illuul  w.i^  ilikowrci!  h\  Colunibii.  in  1492. 
J-  1  k-  luul  Init  .1  lli!;lit  vww  ct  it,  \c{  it  prowd  tual 
to  tl'.j  ivitivc^ ;  tor  i!n.-\  li.iving  pivtctuat  liim  with 
g.iM,  I'ouK'  !  i.xcs  ot'  uI.kIi  hi-  c;irnal  into  Spain,  it 
octaliuiiol  .w  iiiiiiKili.Ui.'  rcl'olmion  to  icitlc  in  it,  which 
was  ill  lord inj;l)  itlLckd  in  151 1. 

The    lllm  I   of  CuKi  cxicnd>    in    latitudo  tVom   :o 
di'.;.    20  '.111;;,  to  ilic  iroj-i.-  i-t  Ciiucr ;  and  troiu   74 


d.'.  to 


S5  d.-g.    15  mill.   \\i:\\   lont;i;vuk-.      ll   is 


al'oul 


700  mili-.'iii  IiMii^ih"  tPMH  c.ill  to  w.li.  bill  \cn  narrow 
m  ]iroiK)rtion,  not  lu-i:;,:  ;ib(<vi.'  -O  in  hiv;ul'h.  It  lu'^ 
60  miles  to  the  welt  ot  HiliuiiioUi,  25  l..i|2,iie-  to  the 
nortl-  ot"  Jamaica,  100  miles  to  the  eall  ot  jueatan.  and 
a-  inanvto  il;.-  louth  ot  C:iiv  I'lorida.  ll  eomm.ind-- 
ihe  eruiante  ot'  both  the  (iiili'hs  ot'Me.vieo  ami  Morida, 
and  he  \Vi;;.!ward  Tallage;  la  that  the  Spaniards  who 
.ne  the  o.i!\  j'.akili)rs  it  it,  m.iy,  wiili  a  toler:ible 
r.eet,  not  o:il\  (eeure  tlu ir  own  trade,  but  annov  their 
.'leit:,!;!!' ii:- . 

in  Cii!i.i  theR  are  no  uir.ters  ;  but  ;n  the  mentlis  ot 
July  and  .\u_;uil,  when  the  tun  i>  vertical,  the  rain- 
and  liorm-  are  great,  oiherwil'e  the  iliinate  '.vould  be 
into';-.riM\  i-.ot.  The  fairell  re;i!on  i-  when  iIk  lun  is 
f'.vrtlklt  cti',  :iiul  li.en  it  is  h.oiull  111  il;e  ir.onung;  tor 
tiiwards  1100:1  :i  bree/.e  i|rinL;'  up,  whkii  b!ii-.\s  pretiy 
brilk  till  the  cvenini;.  The  tr.ide  winds  in  iheie  kas 
Mow  ti( m  the  norih-ealk  At  tiie  lull  and  change  ot 
ll;e  moil),  I'rom  Octt  ber  t  i  April,  there  are  brilk  winds 
«t  r.onh  aiv.l  ii'irtli-w\  ll,  wliicli,  in  Decem'oir  and 
Jat.a.uA ,  oden  turn  to  lh)rins ;  though  thii  is  called 
the  t.iir  I'vaK-n. 

The  camlrv  is  well  watered,  ar.d  agree.abiv  di\erli- 
fied  \eii'i  wo  ids,  lawn^,  and  vallics.  Tlio  toil  is  i  apable 
of  producing,  m  the  givatetl  plenty,  everv  thing  that 
grows  in  i!ie  other  Ank-rican  illands ;  but  tlie  Cuba 
commonly  ca'l-d  llie  1  l.ivannah  ;  t'jbaceo  is  thought 
to  excel  that  ot  all  the  world  :  and  their  I'ugar  would 
•■>,ua'i  their  t'.b.i.co  in  pi.-odnels,  li.id  lli -X  haikls  to  cul- 
vaie  tlk  ca:v.'.  The  other  products  are  ginger,  long 
pejijie;-,  .in-  other  1;  ice^ ;  caiha,  niati';i,  aloe.-,  large 
rulii-,  and  I  'nr  odoriterou.  tree- ;  (i...k-,  piia-s,  j  alm- 
I!.:-,  plenty  Kt  large  viik's,  tlr.e  colt.  n-trec,  phui- 
l..i;i  ,  banan.is.  a:i;iiia-,  guava-,  leino;i-,  cocoa-,  :\;v\ 
\'.\o  Torts  (,t  tiuit,  lulled  camij.ir  and  gumavana  ;  the 
liill  like  a  china  or.uige,  and  the  other  ihapid  like  a 
in  ait,  \Mth  ;i  iuicc  between  tweet  and  acid. 

'i'l,  S..,uiilii  1  lantatioii'.  are  iiirniilv.'l  \"  l/.e  mines 
ri''(.iu..'  with  a  lulii^iii.c}' ot'  iiut.il  lor  ail  t!;eir  brats 
giiiv.  f Jold  (ki'l  is  tound  in  the  land- ot  the  rivers; 
bait  it  is  uncertain  '.^hetlier  there  are  a^y  gold  or  lilver 
mine  ,  ihe  liopes  ot  which  ocialioned,  tik'  butchery  ot 
all  the  aiuient  inhahilaiit-,  who  were  eitlkT  unable  or 
u;i.\iiiing  to  liil'cover  tlk-ni.  ll  thtie  are  any,  they  are 
not  woils^d.  A  iliaini.t  hills  runs  through  the  i.iulclle 
ot  t!ie  ifl.^nd  ;  but  ihj  iand  near  th;  loait  is  generallv  a 
le\ei  1. ;  .-.mpaig!!  country.  The  inteiior  ]  an  .  lie  i;uiie 
Uiii  uirc.ted,  .ind  uninhabited. 

T  1'.-  pvMi,  .I'.d  harlviurs  liere  are  ot'  gre.U  advantag'.- 
t.i  llii;.  to- ]..;ihng  the  guiph  in  l.iiay  ;  iv.;r  11. ere  are 
tiarce  .i;.v  n..vig.;i.lj  river-,  ii.th  t!.r  (.oails  and  ri\ers 
abound  wit'.i  liii'.  :md  aiiovdth  allgitor..  Tnere  are 
greu  con\  .'niuicie-.  lor  MMki'ig  I. lit,  !>ut  the  inIi,T;;itants 
,,\,iii  (hvCi..  .'.K^  \eiv  iiUiv  ol  tiKTk  'I;.  L.itlL- iiroiiglu 
d>  lia\e  lUiilripil'd  e\i.i.ei.hilgiv, 
ru.iiii..;'  V. ;1.|  111  llic  Ao.id  ,  ot' 
I  ...iel':.  ;.i  lli.i;-  h;J  ..  a;i  1  til- 
:l.        1  ill  ir    IkIIi    alT),    Ih-|:i;i 

m  the  Iw,  !  .■   s  to  victual 
aic   ol'iea    li)   u;,    Uiat   they  die 


ihrough  tlie  burthen  ot'  tier  grciile.  Ikre  are  likc- 
wile  abuiulance  ot  mules,  liort's,  iheop,  wiki  b.o.,i'^, 
and  hogs,  logeiher  \^ith  wild  anil  laiiic  fowl,  parrot;, 
partridges,  blue  heaU,  l.u'go  U)rtoiles,  cju.irries  ot  liint, 
and  kveral  tountaiiis  ot  bitumen,  which  is  uled  iiiUead 
i-'i  I'itcli,  as  well  as  tor  medicinal  jnirpoK  . 

I'lie  lllaiul  ot  Cuba  \-  plealant,  and  lis  preleiit  Ihue 
I'.ourilhmg,  the  Spiini.irds  iMVing  every  year,  tor  a 
lOiiiiJ.r.ible  time  p;ill,  ;idded  lom;  miiig  to  its  iiiipnn-c- 
iiuiit.  I'ormeriv  iis  cxp.o;iaiions  never  equalled  iliole 
01  ihe  linill  Hrililh  lll.uid  ot  Anligua.  Tlk-  rialon  ot 
tins,  ikxi  to  ih.-  iiul'ileiice  ot  the  Spaniards,  wa-,  liic 
gruu  t.kintv  witliuhich  the  inhabitants  got  ll  eirmomy, 
hy  means  ot  the  g.ill.ons  anl  the  lloia,  and  the  veiv 
great  coiuiabaml  tiaile  carried  on  1  eve,  in  ileliance  ot 
ileir  laws,  and  even  with  the  coniuvaiiLC  ul  the  ;.;o- 
\ernme:u  ot   the  illar.d. 

Thi-  eivil  governnkT.t  otC'uba  is  deix'iulent  on  that 
o4  Si.  Douui  go,  or  1  111;  aniola.  lis  hilho]-,  wh.ole  lee 
IS  .11  St.  j;igo,  tikiugh  he  commonly  relides  at  tl.e  1  la- 
vaniuh,  1.  !utl'r;igan  to  the  archbilhop  ot  St.  Domingo. 
The  call  part  ot  the  itland  is  under  ti;c  governor  ot  ^I. 
Jago,  ;ind  the  Will  under  the  governor  ot  ilic  llavan- 
nah.  There  are  ttveral  I'.rge  towas  in  ihe  illaiul  ,  l;ut 
the  moll  lonliilir.ible  are  thi  f.so  abtwe-iiieiitionctl. 

The  I  lavannali,  the  c;ipil;il,  is  litu;it  'd  on  the  north- 
weli  coall  ol  the  illaiul,  50  k  agues  from  Cajic  .Viitonio, 
its  weliermoll  point  ;  4.90  miles  well  trom  St.  J.ij;o, 
41  leagues  t'outli  ot  the  Cape  ot  Morida,  the  gu.pli  ot 
which  It  comm.inds,  bv  being  lituated  at  its  mouth  , 
and  iwo  davs  lid  trom  the  Smuts  ot  lialiania.  The 
town  iilelt,  dilli.icl  Irom  the  toriiticaiions,  is  alx)Ut 
two  milcb  in  circuit.  The  port  1.  one  ot  the  fnell  and 
mod  lecure  in  ihe  woild,  yet  the  narrownctsot  its  pal- 
tage  his  rendered  it  to  ditlicult  of  .needs,  that  the  gal- 
leon- hive  otten  been  mlulted  aiiil  taken  within  light  ot 
II.  wilhcut  receiving  any  aliilbmce  Irom  the  tortitlca- 
tiuiis.  The  ihurihis  hue  ;uc  iiicoucciv.iblv  niagmh- 
c.r.l,  wnl  rich  in  plale  anil  ornamenls;  the  llreets  clean 
and  llr.iit,  bul  1, arrow  ;  and  the  houles,  which  meet 
ihnie,  make  a  good  .ippearame,  hut  are  ill  turnillic>l. 
I'h.e  inhabitants,  m  gerieial,  arc  laid  to  Ixr  n  Jie  lociable 
.ind  iciuerl-ible  tb.an  thole  of  the  other  Spaiiilh  domi- 
nion- in  .\nierii.'.  'I'lie  cilv,  which  is  one  ot  the  moll 
ri' h  ni  .Anieiiia,  elpecially  when  the  galleons  are  here, 
IhiLoN  ill  the  nu/ll  tiuittul  part  ot  tlk-  illar.d,  on  t!ie 
will  lide,  ;iloiig  the  Ihoie,  whiili  I'l  uiiils  to  much,  that 
:ibove  half  ot  11  is  v^alhed  by  the  ka,  and  the  lell  by 
river   l.iigida.-   There   is   a   tin.; 


two   hnuiilus  it    ll; 


gii.il  !ii.;uo.r.  i;>.-.\ 
V,  l..v.'i  :ii.i:i\  a;e  kii! 
1  i\.,  thai   ;u-e   ieni    1 


tut  into  1  ecc) 


•  Spai 
lui  drkd 


!■ 


■| 


1. 


caul 


li|U.i:e,   wilii    ii.'iilorm    buildings    in    the    middle  ot    U. 

Thi-.  city  is  ot'  greater  iinpoiiance  to  the  Sp.iiiiardb  than 

.iny  oilier  in   Ameru.i,  bung  the  )il.ace  of  leiulezvou. 

lor  all   tlkir  lleeis,  in  leluin  from  ihit  c«iarier  ot  the 

world   to  Okl  Spain,   and  Ivmg  .it   the   iiioutli  ol   ilie 

(luipli  ct  Morida,  ihrc.ugh  whuli   they  are  all  obliged 

I  to  ].;i|s.      Thev  lullly  give  it   the  app.ellalion  of  the  Key 

I  ot  all  the  \\  ell-lndie-,  to  lo^  k  or  open  the  doir  or  cii- 

1  trance  thereto;  ,n.i,i,  ind.\d,  no  Ihip  can  pais  thai  way 

I  without    li.i\e  Ir.'ii  ihi.  poll.      Mere  is  akvay.-.  a  Iqua- 

!  droll  ot  Spanilli  men  (jI  war;  .iiid  here,  in  Se|iti  nibei, 

[  iv.eet   the  g.dlewii-,   llota,  and  other  lliips  tioin  leur.il 

I  poris,  both  I'l   ihe  lontineiil  and  ill.mds,  tvi  the  iiumb>.r 

,  ot,  p^rhap  ,  50  or  60  l.hl,  to  i;ike   in  provilioiis  and 

j  water,  wiii;  s.:\.ai  pan  of  iheir  lading,  and  lor  the  con- 

\eiiience  ol  lUuriiing  to(U  1  Spain  in  a  body.     A  con- 

I  linu.il  l.iir  i-  kej  t  till  thtir  de)  arUm.,  whah  is  gciier;illy 

JIkIoiv  the  I  nd  ot  the  iiionih,  when  a  |iioilamalioii  is 

,  m.ide,  fiibiddili",  .uiy  that  biloiu;  to  the  lieet  to  l!.i\  ill 

[  the  town,  on  pain  ot  death  ;  aliil,  upon  liriiig  a  w;irning 

I  gun,  they  all  go  on  board.     'I  he  v.ihio  ot  llic  citgo  li 

kldom  le!=  ih.ui  700,0001.  llcihng:  t'o  that  il  iii;iv  be 

'  'well 


AMFRlCA.l 

well  imagined,  lh.4<  ; 
ill  a  coiiiluion  bol'h  1 
Hups  that  trcquent  11. 
This  city,  alter  a 
iurrendeied,  witli  all 
JJ.itaiinie  M.-jith's  ai 
of  Augud,  1762,  bii 
following  year. 

The  Spaniard'   h.w 
which  the  foriiticaii. 
r.nglilh,  and  iulded  i 
pm.iution'  to  kciire 
uf  an  enemv. 

Sr.  jago  llaiid.  at 
two  leagues  trom  th. 
ilUiui.  It  is  diliinr 
the  addition  ot  Di  >- 
Chili.  SiiKC  the  i. 
kngiilh,  uuder  Adi 
worth,  the  furiiiii.i! 
town  has  refovcied 
carr\ir.g  on  ,1  gooel  1 
above  all  with  theC; 
The  other  tiAvns 
a  tolerable  h.iibour, 
the  1  lavaiinah  ;  k'c 
coail,  about  jo:>  iv 
and  Bar;icoa,  hiuate 
a  fmall  harbour. 

iii.-.FA;\'in 

THIS  iikuKi,  r 
lioiii  laiiliide 
niiies  in  Icigili,  a 
ai)out  IJ5  kague,  1 
tailed  the  Windwan 

I'll. aigh   the  ciin 
unwhoieioiiie,  beiin. 
is  both  truittul  and 
and   vallies,  woods 
nanas,  grapes,  o:.v.^ 
dale.-,   ami  apric 
tabb.ige  trees,    i 
trees,  large   and 
lligar,    lides,    iiii 
tobacco,  I'alt,  wax 
ef  drugs  and  d\  1 
iiit'cl'   lis  coall  - 
lame  lime  wnh  1 

'M'ls  ilia  id  Is 

and  French.     C- 

c.dkd  it  Si'anilh  1 

pielerved    under 

)h;it  ot  St.  Doin 

whom  it  w.i.s  dedi 

mines  osceedip.gh 

t.t  Spain  in  crow. 

iliuis  periihcil   n 

i-.i.'.ies  by  tiie  e\. 

juai/e  t^.r  the  u. 

niallacivd,  1  iihei 

for  I'o  they  c;ilkil 

I.iaiils,  covered 

ji.a.le   to  a  luull. 

naki.ll,  and   lb  in 

e\leriiiiiiaiion  ol 

ililiituhy  of  woil 

the  lonijUvrors  , 

M-.ico,  loon  a; 

tliir  all  the  inv, 

tapiial  by  l.)rak'. 

bring  on  i!;e  dec 

il-  ell.ibhiiillk  in 

lame  itland,  havi 

cuieers    tioiii    t 

tr.enmlses  iheri  , 

have  occupied  i 


AM  F.RICA.] 


N  O  11  T  II     A  M  i:  R  t  C  A. 


5J' 


NDS. 


|kri-  ;nv   likc- 
uilil    I'.O.il'-, 

|t,)ul,  [larroi-, 
turn-,  ot  liiai, 
Is  ulid  iuu^aii 

!■<  prcll-iit  (Iul- 

\L':ir,    lor  .1 

lt>  lt^  lllij  rovu- 

I'qii.illal  iliule 

1  Ik-  rialoii  ut 

jiaiiis,  \va.s  liiv.- 

()i  1 1  cirinoiu  y, 

.iiiil  t\.\:  vcrv 

III  licliain  r  ut' 

n-c  ut  tl.c  ;:o- 

mknt  on  ll  :'.t 

U']   ,     ul-.otl-'    llL 

k^  a(  the  I  la- 
st. D'lmip.go. 
puviTiicr  ot  .'^t. 
ut  tiie  Havaii- 
Ik-  itlaiul ,  Lut. 

IlitlUlijIlttl. 

I  on  thf  iiortli- 
Cajic  .Viitonio, 

lloni   Si.  _\.\\[0  ; 

;i,  ilic  guijili  ot 

ai    lib  moutli  , 

lial'.ama.     The 

iioiii,    IS  alxiut 

1  tlie  fncll  ainl 

Mu-1>  ot  us  pal- 

!■.,  that  thi.-  gal- 

1  wiiliin  hj^hi  (it 

in  the  toiulic:;- 

Liv.ihly  niagnih- 

tlic  llR(.ts  clean 

:'s,  which  arc  ct 

re  ill  tumillicil. 

k;  n  Jic  luciabic 

r  Si.aiiilli  ilomi- 

iiic  ot  the  molt 

ikons  arc  here, 

illami,  on  t!ic 

^  lo  inuth,   that 

ii'.d  tiic  rtlt  by 

lierc   is   a    tin.; 

iiiiildk  ot   li 

Spaiuanls  ilian 

ot    iLluk-ZVOU. 

eiiarier  ot  tlic 
mouth  ot'  the 
are  all  obliged 
ion  ot  the  J,..y 
he  li.j.r  or  ei.- 
;i  llal^  tli.u  way 
aKvay..  a  kjua- 
in  Seiitenibci, 
IS,  tioin  Icvcr.il 
to  the  number 
jirovilions  anil 
111  lor  the  fon- 
loily.  A  coii- 
:ih  is  ^'uierally 

>loelaill.llioll  IS 
lleet  to  Ikn  in 
irin;;  a  warning 
it  tlic  Ciirgo  li 
h.it  it  m.iv  be 
'well 


Will  ima^iiu'il,  th..'  a  ].l.;ce  ol' lo  mi;.  Ii  imr.oi-laiue  \~^ 
ill  a  loiuliiion  bolii  lo  ilelenil  iikil,  aiul  to  j't'ouet.  the 
llii])^  th..t  treqiKnt  ii. 

This  eiiv,  alter  a  lonj^;  anil  oblliiufe   ilct'ciRe,   was  j 
liirrcikli  ivil,  with  .ill   its  i"rls  ami  ileiieniloiuic-,  to  In-,  j 
IJ.itannie  M,-,iiii\'s  arm.,  bv  lai  •n'.hiiioii,  on  the  i.:ili 
ot  Au;j,ull,   I7fi;,  l"it  wa.i  lelloKvl  by  the  piaee  ul  liie 
loiloMiii^',  year. 

The  Sj'aiiiarih  have  taken  car  ■  lo  repair  the  ilamajjcs 
which  the  tort llical ions  reuiveit  I'.u::!!^;  the  l:eL;e  b)  Cue 
iMi^'.lilh,  ami  aildeil  tw.K  on.>,  belides  iilin.,  e\ir\  oihcr 
jiro  aiition"  to  lecijie  u,  in-  tin  luiuie,  Irom  all  aiienipii 
ut  .ill  enemv. 

Sr.  ja^n  Itand:.  at  the  b  Mt.im  of  a  laiy,e  bay,  aluuii 
tuo  leagues  Iroiii  the  lea,  on  tlie  li.ulh-eail  tide  ■  t  the 
illaiul.  It  is  dil'tiiu'uiliHd  lioin  Si.  jai;o  in  ("I'.iii,  b\ 
tlu  addition  ot  i)l  L  .il-.i,  .is  liie  other  ^  by  th.a  ot' lii 
I'hili.  SiiKe  the  ualn.celsrill  atleiniil  made  by  the 
lai^;,iilli,  u;.der  .Adiuiral  \'eriioii  and  Cieiinal  -Went- 
wortli,  the  t'urliliiaiioiis  l;a\e  neiii  repaired,  and  the 
town  has  lerovered  fomc  dii;rie  ot  ils  tinner  Ipkiidor, 
carrxir.gon  a  L;oud  iradc  wiin  did  .uid  Ni'.i  S;  .i::i,  ai.d 
above  all  with  ilieC'aiune  . 

The  oth.ei  tiAvii.  ol'  mxe  are  S.int.i  Cm/.,  wliiili  ii  ..^ 
a  toiei,ible  h.iibour,  and  llaii'.ls  about  i6j  mlk-h  cali  ot 
the  1  lavaiiiiali ;  I'orto  del  I'nntipe,  lituaied  on  ike 
coall,  aliout  joo  miks  touih-eall  ol  the  1  l,o.,ii;i.i!-.  ; 
and  Baraciu,  I'Uiated  on  the  noi'li-iai'  pait,  \vliii;i  lia-> 
a  tinall  harbour. 

Ili.-.PA;\'Kn.A,  o.i  ST.  l)0MI.\'(.O. 

THIS  illand,  lliled  iiy  the  luiiv.s  Aiiji,  extends 
liom  lamude  17  to  20  liig.  north,  is  aboui  450 
miks  in  kngih,  and  about  150  in  breadth.  Ii  is 
ai)oui  13  kague,  dilkmt  t'.'nn  Cuba,  uliieh  Unit  is 
tailed  the  Wiiutward  I'ali'.ige. 

rh"uj;!i  the  ilimalc  ot  thi-.  ilk'.iul  i.  hot,  it  is  not 
unwlioieiome,  \)c\\\i\  rcl'relhed  bv  bui/ei  aihl  ram-.,  ll 
i,  boih  huitUil  and  pkalanl,  Ivini;  diveiilhed  with  hills 
and  vallie?,  woods  aiul  rivers,  jiroducn-.y  an.mas,  ba- 
nanas, grapes,  or.ingis,  lemons,  citrons  t<,rwn!as,  iimes, 
datci,  and  ajiricots  ;  togither  with  ^\liole  toivlK  ot 
cibUige  trees,  elm-,  oa!.^  ]  ■ne-.,  ai..|ou,  a;:d  oi'.ie'- 
trees,  large  and  i-'.;. .  'I  he  oik'-'r  coawui'dities  aie 
liigar,  lilies,  iiidi;,.',  coiion,  eoeoa,  coiiee,  gii^ger, 
toluico,  laii,  w:i.x,"h<)tuy,  ambcii;ris,  and  variou..  kinds 
ft'  d.'u;i,s  and  d\in,;  wood  .  Croiodiles  and  alli;^',,'"''!''' 
inki'  iTs  coatU'.u.'d  liveisi  but  they  abound  at  the 
kinic  lime  with,  torloiii^  I't  turtles. 

Tins  illa:id  is  p<:!l'..lkd  in  co;nmi.:i  by  the  Spaniards 
anil  Freiuh.  C.-hn.ibus  ililcovcred  11  111  I  (.92,  ;uid 
cdlcd  it  Spaiiilh  lllaud  i  ;'v  denominauou  isl.i-Ji  it  has 
pielerved  iii-.d.er  i'h  ii.uik'  il  i  li!'i;ai;;o'..i,  alon^.;  uilli 
Jhat  ot  St.  Doinlnj'),  derned  Iroin  Si  Oominiiiue,  to 
whom  it  was  (ledieiued.  Thiy  t';)uni  tiuie  loihe  i^old 
mines  exceedingly  rich,  whkh  bruughl  ;'.ll  the  lokoers 
ot'.Sj.ain  in  cio\sds.  The  greater  part  ol  the  male  In- 
tlians  perillied  in  iliele  mi:;es;  and  almoll  all  the  k- 
males  bv  t'.ic  e\e.ii,\e  labour  ot'  cultivaiii.g  ihc  liikls<;t 
juai/.e  tor  the  u.e  I't  t'.ie  lO.iquuois:  ih.e  otheis  were 
niatlacivd,  liiher  in  cool  blood,  or  in  rar.ged  baiiles  ; 
tor  lo  the\  calkd  thole  kinds  ot  ciuees  winch  the  Si.a- 
niards,  ci)Vered  Ai-.h  iron,  and  tollo-,.eil  b\  biiU-dogs, 
n.ade  to  a  luuIliUi.!  ■  ..1   I'e.el'e  i'nhapi>v  wielclies,  quae 


naked,  and   IImii!;  v\i;h  .i,l   th.lr  nn; 


,,1. 


I'l 


..iii'.k 


exlerniiiianon  01  the  natives,  and  coiileiiuenil\  the 
tliliiciiliv  ot'  woik'ii,',  ihe  mini"  ;  the  bioodv  ijuarivls  ol 
the  loniiiKiors  a.ivi",  '>\i:  another ;  the  diliovery  ot 
M.-r;ico,  loon  al't.r  ih^.i  ot  St.  iXnnjngo,  diauii';',  ihi- 
thirall  the  invado-- ;  .md.  lalilv,  liie  piii.u'.ing  ol'  i!,- 
capital  by  Drake  in  iji.O;  all  link  events  coiilpircdl.y 
bring  on  the  ilecav  ot  tlie  new  colony  a  tew  uars  alter 
its  efiabhriiment/  'Jhe  Si  anlard  ,  Icailered  about  this 
larite  illand,  having  l)ceoiiie  unai'le  to  hinder  the  buc- 
caneers t'foiU  ki/ing  ih.-  WeliiMi  I  .Ills,  illid  KllUnj', 
Ihemklves  there,  rel'ire.l  10  tiie  eali^.n  lule,  v.lii.h  Ihey 
have  ocelli 'ied  lince  tim  time.     'J  i.ur  p.ivl.   botli  te.r 


iiiltureand  con-.merce,  is  ir.uch  the  bill,  it  lias  lai-^-* 
;.uii!ui  plains,  and  the  liiuation  ot  ii.s  coull  is  intinitciy 
iiioie  tavoiii.ible  to  n.'.vigalion  than  that  ui'  iheFfench 

J  he  Sjiani.inh:,  ihr"ii;',li  their  naiural  indokaee,  j^laiit 
very  liiili  :  1!  ur  p:i..cip.il  cmployiiient  is  10  bri.e\l 
cattle,  or  to  I. Milt  ilioie  uhich  lia\  ii'.uliij;l:,\;  in  lii-i 
isooik.  'll.i;..  g.  1  Ironi  i';eir  n;ighLuar.s  liuckings, 
hat'.,  linen,  gm  s,  iron  viare,  and  tiime  tl.).;ths;  lur 
Ahull  they  ^;\e  in  iviurn,  liorks,  honied  CHttk,  liiu.aki-d 
beet,  hogs,  and  hiiles. 

The  pnniija!  I'iaces  in  liie  illand,  belonging;  tu  tii'^i 
S|  anianis,  ,iie  '.he  I'oliu-.iing  ; 

Si.  |).)i;ii:>ji.,  |l>e  c.ipilal,  i^  a  large  well  built  city, 
liiuaied  on  a  ij-aiioiis  iiaib.^ur  on  ilie  I.huIi  tide  of  ihe 
ill.uid,  and  uii.nJ-id  by  a  callie  and  other  works, 
ll  h.i.  a  uni\^.!(i\  and  a  college,  a  i^um  Ichuul,  fiveraJ 
conveiiis,  a  iii.igniliieiu  cathedral,  an  hotpital,  and  a 
line  maikci  plaee  i.n  the  tcnier  ol  the  city.  Si.  Do- 
mingo is  aho  the  rilid>iue  of  ihe  governur-genc.ai  ul 
the.Spanilli  kidni^,  ot  an  ari  liLilho;',  and  touri  or  io;,al 
audiiiiC. .  'ihe  HiclikMihoji's  liitiiagans  al'e  the  billiops 
i.t  Concept I'.'ii  ill  this  iiland,  Si.  John's  in  I'orto  Ricu, 
Si.  Jai;.)  in  c  -iM,  Ven/.iieia  in  .Nnv  (  alUle,  and  of  tiie 
city  ot  llonuui.i-.  'ih.  j.niid'etion  i;t'  tho  court  ot 
royal  auilieiiic  iMmls  10  .;;1  til.' Spanilh  Well-li  ili.;n 
lll.inds.  A  line  n.r.  ig.uhe  riser  tails  luPj  the  lea  ,1  iillk- 
lo  the  u>  ll  ol    1;. 

I'l'iiiej  lion  IS  a  conliiierable  to.'n,  and  the  lee  ot  a 
biihoj',  20  k.i",u->  iiorih  ot  St.  Doming.),  St.  Jagu 
lie  Ids  Cavaiieios  he.  \j  leagues  riurth-.\eii  uf  Conccp- 
lion,  ivn.l  eiii<.;.  s  a  liii'.'  ail.  I'oito  la  Ihata,  or  t!ic 
I  ki\en  I'l  Snit  r,  I'ands  on  a;i  ari'.i  ol  li  _  lea,  35  leagues 
north  ot  St.  Doiningj  and  Monio  Chrillo,  ,u  the  month 
ol  tile  rl\er  '\'.'.gu.\,  to  miles  uul'i  ot  I'orlo  di  ia  I'iala, 
anil  40  nurth-'.sell  Irom  St.  Duraiiigo. 

The  towns  belonging  to  th.e  tremh  i.i  ihis  iilarj  .:;e 
till  loiiowing  : 

Cajc  St.  I''ri:ni,"oi .,  hru:Ue  on  the  no'ih  tide  ol  tlie 
ill.ind,  is  in  a  very  llourilhing  a. id  opulent  condiiion, 
having  a  line  haiboin',  a  br:;k  inule,  and  a  great  num- 
ber ol   inliabitar.is. 

Si,  l.,..i.i-,  <).  I'ori  l_<i\iis,  ll.'.nds  on  a  lir.all  ifland  on 
th.  1jui;i-a^iL  loail  ot  tiie  illand,  .ind  jiollJli's  a  gooil 
harl'our,  unii  .1  lori,  but  lai»jurs  iimler  a  k;n\.iiy  ot 
iieih  \.. ;.  I. 

I '01  l'..,\  Is  ,1  pl.ic-'  oi  ciiinider.ilik-  iLrenglh,  I}ing 
oj)polite  the  liLnui  ol  'lottuga,  on  liie  r.on!;-we;'.  coait 
ot  tiie  Illand. 

IVtit  Cuave.,  and  I  .eoaane,  lumd  on  Dunna  e.ki'.i.i 
Ba\',  iv.ar  Cape  St.  Nicholas,  at  the  v.^il  en.!  ot  tlie 
ill.m.l.  Tile  toimer  is  tiie  oldell  French  lettlcniint  in 
the  ill.ini!,  !ind  a  place  of  coiMidnable  trade;  and  the 
iaiier  is  tiie  r.iAknce  ot  the  French  governor-ger.iral, 
and  ot  the  101  al  iiidicatuie,  with  thai  ot  iliC  lupieiue 
council,  whole  i'.n'i'.iliciion  exleiids  tioni  Cape  Mougon 
to  li'.e  river  Artiboniie. 

'^'Iiire  are  two  other  lliiali  pi-.ice'.  bdonging  t..)  the 
French,  calleil  La  I\-tit  Riviere,  and  L'Jjlerre,  tl.e 
iati   r  of  v.l-.iTi  t'laiuls  a  little  wiiiiin  land. 

ihe  llhu.d  ol  ■leiiUL'.v  h.'.d  u>  hnnie  lrc;n  the  turtles 
wiih  \i.ni'  il  it  lo:ni.:l}  .ih.  ;;n.:,\l.  It  i-  about  6  leagues 
long  from  c.iii  to  ueil,  and  j  uheie  bro.ideil.  'fr..; 
Ireiich  have  a  j-opuious  and  llourilhing  fettlement, 
lalkd  Ca\i.ina,  with  a  lunboiir  in  the  luuih  pan  of  liie 
illan  1.  ll  \  lel.Is  all  the  commodiiies  found  in  the  other 
\'\  eli-illllia  ill.lMiS,  logelher  with  Wild  boai;. ;  but  lia. 
lit  lie  or  no  li  .ih  waier. 

Of  the  oiii.T  illanils  on  liiis  coiil  the  chief  are  S  r,  una 
and  Mon.i,  L'.i'iiging  to  i.ie  ."Spaniards. 

r  o  R 10  R  I  c  o. 

'"Pill"')  illiiid  IS  liiuated  between  64  and  (r;  d.-giecs 
-*■  well  longitude,  and  in  la  degrees  north  latitude. 
Kill.;  between  Hifpaiuola  and  Si.  Chrillopher's.  It  is 
about  100  miles  iu  length,  and  40  m  breadth.  The 
chiel'  p.'.it  of    the  leuutry   L  di.eililied  wiih   '.vookl', 


'I 


M\ 


11^ 


532 


A  N!:\V  AN11 


AUTHF.N'TIC  SYSTEM  of  L'NUT.R:SAL  GCOJRAPHV. 


vallies,  an.l  plains,  aiul  it  is  cxtrLiiulv  tjrtil^-,  im-.>- 
«kiciiv£  iIk-  lame  fruits  ui  the  ot'iL-r  llLinJ-.  It  :•■  \u-il 
watered  wiih  []miv^^  aiul  rivers ;  but  tiu-  nir  is  txccllive 
hot,  an,!,  t:i:;inL;  I'le  rainy  leaioii,  very  unwliole 

The  not  ,  part  oi  tlv'illanJ,  wiiii!)  is  the  moll 
ren,  cuntair.s  I'everal   mines 


I'lme  i;t 


ime. 

bar- 
tormerlv 


produced  izreat  quant ilies  ot  lilver  ai 


wliieh 
id  gold..      It  was 
on  atcuni  of  the  latter  that  t lie  Spaniards  killed  here; 
but  tiitrc  i>  no  ioniser  any  eonliderable  ouar.iiiy  t.amd 

In  the  woods  are  parrots,  wild  pi:^eons,  a;ul  i-ther 
fowl.  I,uroi>ean  poultry  is  found  here  in  pler.iv,  and 
the  coa;t  abounds  uiih  'tilli.  A  breed  of  dogs,  wlueh 
tlie  S|ar,iards  brousj;!u  over  to  hunt  and  tear  in  pieces 
tiicdefeneeieb  u.uives  are  tiud  I  '  run  wild  in  tlie  ■aooiI-, 
anvl  I'ubhii  up.on  land-Clab^  that  burrow  in  thetire.und. 

The  principal  commodities  here  arc  l'u_::ar,  gin';.r, 
hides,  cotton,  threa.!,  callia,  mailic,  &c.  'I'iieir  jork 
h  excellent,  as  is  likcwile  the  Helh  of  their  kids,  l;ut 
their  mutton  is  very  inilirtercnt.  They  have  gocnl  lliip- 
limber  an(i  fruit-trees,  witli  rice  and  Indian  cor:;. 

Thi^  illand  was  taken  from  the  Sjianiards  by  Sir 
Framis  Drake.  ti  was  .ifter.vard^  comnKred  by  the 
l':arl  <:^i  Cumberland,  in  the  n  ij^n  of  C^ieeii  Kii/.ai.'eth  ; 
but  he  wus  obliged  to  abandon  it,  bavmg  loll  luo'.i  ut 
his  men  bv  lickncfs  in  the  latter  end  of  the  lummer, 
when  this  and  all  other  pl.ues  in  thele  laiuuue-  .ue 
verv  unhealthy. 

tlie  Spanilii  government  have  taken  p,reat  pains  to 
prevent  an  illiu't  trade  being  carried  on  at  this  place  ; 
but  fuch  is  the  convenience  of  its  lituation  tor  that 
traliii,  th.it  all  the  fevere  edicts  illued  againll  it  luve 
been  iiuillrtual. 

Porto  llico,  the  cajiital  town,  is  lltuated  on  a  Imail 
ifland  on  t!ie  north  coall.  This  iilai-.d  forms  a  vliv 
coiiveniciU  h.arboiir,  and  is  loined  to  th.c  chiet  ifland 
i-,y  a  caulewav.  Ir  is  defended  by  foris  and  batterie^:, 
whicii  ren-.ier  the  p.lace  almoll  inaccefiible.  Tlie  town 
i^  well  buili,  and  jjopulous,  and  the  teat  ot  a  governor, 
as  well  as  a  bilho-p's  fee. 


The  only  places  wortliy  ot  !v>tice  in 


th 


illand,  ex- 
clulivc  of  the  capita),  are  Port  del  Aj;;nada,  where  tlie 
liota  provide  themklves  with  water,  and  other  ii'.iella- 
iHs  ill  their  vova^e  to  Old  .Spain;  and  Boraba  de 
InUrnes,  whicli  is  remarkaiile  tor  having  an  t.xcellent 
turtle  I'ahery. 

On  the  coafl  of  Porto  Ri'.o  is  a  fmall  jlue,  called 
Crabs  Ifland,  firm  the  great  number  ut  crabs  that  are 


foUild 


It. 


T  R  I  N'  I  n  A  D. 

'""l^iUS  ifland  lies  between  t'le  Illand  of  Tohasv'  and 
A  the  S'.ianilh  .Main,  tiMm  wiief.ce  it  is  lep'arated  by  the 
Straits  c't  I'aria.  It  is  about  90  miles  long,  antl  60 
broad;  ar.d  i^  an  unliealtlv.  climate,  though  a  t.uillul 
fiil.  It  was  taken  by  SirW.ilter  R;\leigh  in  1595,  and 
liV  the  French  in  1676,  who  plunilered  it,  a;;d  exiorted 
nioncy  from  the  ial-  .bitants. 

The  piiiiupal  prodiK'tions  of  thi^  iflan^l  aiv  fugir, 
fine  tobacco,  i:vh-o,  piin',ei,  v.irieiy  of  iruit,  lome 
cotton  trees,  a',;d  Indian  cum. 


L 


1 1-'.  S  lO'.i  nil!-. '■ 
111  len-;ih.  a;;i 
rd.;nt.  a'loid'  ;.  r 


M  A  R  (i  A  R  I  I  A 

■  wift  of  Tiinidad,  is  about  40  mile; 


in  breadth,   and,  bemi!;  alwuNS 

i.oil  arreeable  p-rofpeCt.     It  abounds 

u,v,  tiuil^,  .iiid  Indian  (oin  ;  but  there  V  a  f^rcat 

lr.vri.ir\  ot  .vo.kI  unci  water.     On  Ihe  coall  o'   'Ins  illand 


111  pall 


^^.^^ 


r!'.    .])e'ri  tillieiy.   i;;it   it    ha.  been  1 


ir  main 


1  N  the  S.vitli  S■.a^  I'lt  Spani.irih,  cia'.:;i  ilie 
Cliii'.ie,  St.  i\hr\,  Q^iiruiuiria,  Moia  o,  Mo 
I'Viuand'./.,  i'ler.a,  I'uer.a,  a-  I  levcral  riiier  ; 
iMTua.Kie/.  l-ue',!,  ,uul  Chilo.  onl/cielLivc 


lll.l'ld'  of 
nha,  lua;; 
;  b;a  Juan 
ieuiiplioii 


.^I'JNISH  ISL.lisDS  IN  THE  SOUTH  SEAS. 
JUAN    I'  1.  R  N  A  N  D  i:  Z. 

JU  \N'  Fernandez,  and  Fuera,  or  Mafa-Fuero,  are 
dillant  liiM.i  c.i(.h  other  about  31  leagues.  They 
were  tiill  dilceiveiol  b\  Juan  h'ein.uulw-,  a  Sp.aniard, 
from  wliom  they  take  their  name,  in  157^-  Phe  Spa- 
iii.ird- diilineuiih  thciu  by  the  (Ireater  and  Lui'rjuan 
I'criuiule/ i' but  the  Imaller  illand  is  more  generally 
known  bv  the  name  of  Malii-Fuero.  The  tjreater  Juan 
l-eriuuule/.  lies  to  ih.e  ealUsanl,  in  latitude  Jj  deg.  40 
iv.in.  fnith.  and  longitude  78  deg.  30  min.  welt.  It 
was  formerly  a  place  of  refort  for  the  buccaneers,  who 
.mnoyed  the  wcllern  coall  of  the  Sj  anilh  continent. 
'Phe','  were  led  to  nfort  hitb.er  by  the  ii;uititude  ot  goats 
whieh  it  iieurillied;  to  ile[.rive  their  encmie.  ot  wiiicii 
adeantage,  iheSi  anlards  iraiilj orled  a  lonlidciable  num- 
ber oi  dogs  here,  which,  incre.Uiiig  greatly,  have  almoll 
e.xtirpateil  the  goats,  who  now  only  lind  leeurity  ame^ig 
the  lieep  luoui. tains  in  the  northern  j^arf.,  winch  arc 
inacieiiiole  to  their  (  urfuer^. 

I'heie  are  inllances  ot  two  men  living,  at  diHlrent 
times  alone  on  tins  lHanil  tor  many  years;  the  one  a 
Mufijuito  Inilian ;  the  other  Alexander  Selkirk,  a 
Scotihman,  who  was  after  Ire  years,  taken  on  board 
an  I'nghlh  Ihip,  the  Duki-  privateer,  troiu  Brillc!, 
which  touched  here  in  abcjut  1710,  and  brought  iiack. 
to  Furop.e.  Prom  the  hillory  cf  this  reciule,  Daniel 
Pletce  i^  laid  to  have  conceivcel  the  idea  ot  writing  liie 
.Adventures  of  P^obinlon  Crulbe.  Selkirk  was  a  native 
of  l^rgo,  in  the  cou;;ty  ot  I-'ite,  and  was  bred  a  lailor 
1  from  his  youth.  The  realon  ot  his  being  lett  o-i  the 
illantl  was  a  diHerencc  between  him  and  his  captain. 
Pie  had  liis  cloaths  and  bedding  with  him  ;  alio  a  fire- 
lock, a  little  powder,  fomc  bullets  and  tobacco,  a 
hatchet,  a  kettle,  a  knife,  a  bible,  lome  books  of 
practical  divinity,  a'ld  his  mathematical  lnilrumeni>  and 
books.  He  built  liimlelf  two  huts;  one  ttirthc]  urpoic 
ef  reading,  fleeping,  and  amulemeiit  ;  the  other  tor 
drelPing  his  victuals.  He  procured  lire  by  rubbilig 
tv.o  links  lA  pinuno  wooil  uixm  his  knee.  He  tound 
here  a  fort  of  cray-ulh,  cf  e\i;uilitc  llavour,  and  us 
large  as  a  middling  lized  lobfter.  Thcfe  he  both  Lroilcd 
aiid  boiled,  as  lie  did  the  goals  flclh,  and  made  very 
go'.xl  broth  of  it.  There  was  abundance  ot  good  luniips 
and  c.ibbages  here.  When  h:s  dolhcs  were  woru 
out,  he  made  hunklf  a  coat  and  cap  ot  goats  tkin 
I  iaving  lome  linen  cloth  by  him,  he  cut  out  loma 
Ihirts,  which  he  lewed  with  the  worlled  of  his  eld 
llockings,  pulled  out  on  puriwle,  uling  an  old  nail  to 
m;ike  holes  inllcad  ot.a  needle  j  and  he  had  his  lull  Ihlrt 
on  when  he  was  tound. 

He  had  lo  far  te^rgct  his  native  tongue,  for  want  of 
ule,  that,  on  his  lint  going  <.iii  board,  lie  could  not 
Ipeak  plainly.  A  dram  was  oflered  him,  but  he  would 
Hot  talte  it,  having  drank  nothing  but  water  (or  lo  long 
a  time.  P^e  was  left  here  byCajt.  Straddlinfr,  com- 
maniler  ot  a  vcliil  called  the  CiiK;ue  Ports,  and  taken 
away  by  Cajit.  Wood  Rogers,  who  landed  at  this  illand 
to  jirocure  water. 

'Phis  illand  was  very  prc»i>itious  to  the  remains  of 
Commodore  Anion's  li^ua'dion  in  1741,  alter  having 
been  bulleted  with  teinpells,  and  ikbilitated  by  an  in- 
veterate fcur\A',  during  a  three  nuinths  pallage  round 
CajK  Piorn.  They  cor.tinued  here  three  months,  during 
which  time  the  dying  crews,  who,  on  their  arrival,  could 
fcarcelv,  wiili  one  united  eti'ort,  heave  the  anclior, 
were  relloied  to  pel (■  Cl  health. 

Capt.  Larteret,  in  the  Sicallow,  in  1767,  having  met 
with  manydiliicultiei  and  impediments  in  liu  pallage  into 
the  South  S.a,  by  the  Snails  tit  Magellan,  aiteiuptid 
t  1  mike  this  illand,  in  order  to  nciuit  the  health  of 
lii'-  men  ;  but  lie  tound  it  tortilied  by  the  Spaniards  a'ld 
therctore  chole  rather  to  proceed  to  ll.e  Illand  ct  Maia- 
I'ueio.  But  NP  de  Bourgaiiiville,  tha.  lame  y<ar,  is 
laid  to  have  touched  here  tor  rtirelhments     ^t'.iougl., 

in 


AMERICA.] 

ill  the  narrative  of  llie  vo 
lupprelPed. 

'Phis  illand  is  not  cpiite 
bro. !.  It  iiai  only  one  hi 
nj.-iii  iivle.  It  is  liud  to  h: 
aii.l  to  abound  with  a  gre;i 
hies  hig.i'.v  antili-orbutic: 
Anlo.i  lov.e.l  a  ^.uieiy  ol  t 
lionet  of  plumbs,  apricots 
many  years  afterwards  in 
and  now,  doubtlel's  turiii 
the  n:Uural  plddlletlon^  ot 
Vail  drills  of  iilh,  of 
ro.i!l,  |);ulicu!arly  i:^*.\  ol 
laid,  I'l  not  1.  f-  abuiidanc 
P,u..  iiand.  Ihere  are  bi 
aiv  ot  li^cies  well  kno.sn 


c 


I  L!  1 ',  R  A,  o  \K  1 

^OM?.!ni)ORi:  bVK 

in  1705,  an  i  lei.i    'u 

wood  and  water;  but  a-  t 

broke  with  great  violence 

to;)utoncorL  j'.ckets,  by 

otr  a  conhdenble  011  mtil 

plenty  of  goats,  wlm  .1  pi 

vcaiion  in  PlngPnd.      in 

and  a  feainan  who  couM  1 

the  waierer-,    ard,    wl.ei 

the  violcii.   of  the  iJ-l, 

made  them  alraid  lo  veat' 

the.-. '  Tj,  I  ft  behind  on 

te.i   ■i.nl     .   f  iit  out  a  W 

gu.ui  a'  kvv...in  iiir»jU(.Mi  im 

iiic  ll  i.aan  lu-1  lo  i.iorou 

in  tile  .'.item, It  to  rea.li  t 

focial  intercour.e,   he  eh 

all  events.     1 1  iving  P>rii 

.atlectionate  lea\e    ot   the 

Ihii'inan,  however,   juil 

witli.ut   him,  ta'.i:.^  01 

jumped  into  the  lea,  an 

beaeli,  where  the  poor 

nating  on  l.is  litu.uio.i. 

to  him  on  ilu  aluufviitv 

and  h.iviiig  m.ide  .1  rum 

threw  it  over  the  lailor, 

the  people  in  the  boat 

liirf,  ai;d  thus  brought 

lowed  lb  great  a  quant  1 

he  was  to  all  ajiiiearatici 

uled,   he   loon   recoveiv 

dantlv  thanklul  for  the 

hi.u  fr  nil  the  dreary  loi 

courted. 


WEST-IN 

s  1:  ( 

FRliNCPl  V\ 

MA 

TUP,  Ill.md   of  \ 
i4tli  and   15th  1 
deg.  of  well  longitud 
welt  of  Biibadoe-,  at 
JO  in  breadth. 
No.  4y. 


AMERICA.] 


K  O  R  T  H     AMERICA, 


533 


^E,{S. 


-TO,  are 

SiMtiiard, 

ii'r  Juaii 
gi-rifially 
iUcr  Juan 

Wilt.       It 

:.'ir~,  who 
ouiiiicnt. 
■  <it  ^o.ii  s 
ut  uiiicli 

tic  I'.Ulll- 

aliiioit 
!y  airu.ng 
\1i;lIi  arc 


in  the  narrative  of  the  voyage,  t!ie  t.u'.  ij  tauiioufly 
iupprvlll'd. 

'I'liis  ill.i.iil  is  not  qiiiti.'  15  iiiilis  loiv',  a'ul  about  6 
broa  !.  It  iiai  only  one  late  lia.houi,  \siikIi  is  011  tlu- 
noi'lli  hdc.  It  is  laid  to  liave  jiLiiiy  ol  c-\'ill(.nt  wai  r, 
aiul  to  abound  uitii  a  great  variety  ot  elcuient  vtgciu- 
hU--,  liig.ilv  autikorbutie  :  beticL-^  wliieli,  Coinmolun 
A;ilba  (owed  a  variety  ot  garck-ii  iLeds,  mu\  plaiiie  1  il-.u 
lKiiK',1  of  |)lunibs,  aprin't',  and  peatliv^,  wliiili  lie  uas 
many  ^ears  afterwards  iiilornied  had  iluivcii  {.>jvatly, 
and  now,  doubtlel-,  turiiilh  a  very  valuable-  addiiion  to 
tlie  iiiUiiial  jiroiliKtions  ot  liiis  i|!)i. 

Vali  llvals  t)t  iilh,  ot  various  i-.ind  ,  bevjucnt  this 
roati,  pariieularly  cod  of  a  pr  )di<^ious  iv.v,  aiul,  it  is 
faid,  II)  not  I.  f~  abundance  tlian  on  ih.-  bankb  ot  New- 
f  lU.i  liaiul.  'I'lierv  are  but  tew  birdi  lierc,  and  thok' 
aic  ol  Ipecies  \sell  known  autl  coainiun. 

1  LI  i:  R  A,  OK  MASA-FU  K  R  O. 


t^v)M?.!r)l)OUI',  IJVRON  anchorrd  oii  tiiis  ifland 
^  1:1  I  7:)5,  an  1  I'eut  i>ui  Ins  boats  to  endca\ our  to  get 
wood  an  !  vvater;  but  a-  the  Ihure  wa.roLi^y,  and  a  lurt 
br >ke  uitli  great  violence  upon  it,  he  ordered  the  men 
to;iu!  on  iori.  j  '.'.'kets,  liy  tlie  help  of  which  tlieybrou^-;';it 
oil'  a  conriderablv  i|Uiiitity  i.t  ijoih.  1 1  ere  liu)  louiul 
plenlv  ot  f.v);U<,  wliu.i  j/rcneJ  to  l)e  a.  goixl  t  kkI  a;, 
vcnilon  in  lyigbnd.  in  iln^  expcditicn  the  ^:,unner, 
and  a  leaiuan  \vlit.>  couM  not  Iwini,  w.nt  on  liiore  with 
the  waierers,  and,  wl.--n  the  buliiicls  was  coir.i-ltted, 
the  viokia.'  of  the  Ij't,  .\;iich  beat  ug.iinil;  the  Ihore, 
jiiade  tiieni  alraid  to  ve.iiM'e  off  to  die  boat  :  tiiev  were, 
tla.'.  'it  J,  I  ft  liiliind  on  tlx  lilaivl.  The  next  day  the 
tea  Mil;.  .  f  .it  out  a  boat  to  bring  theu!  liack.  ll-; 
gu.Hi.r  ivv.an  iiir>-Ui.'li  liie  liirt,  and  gjt  v.'.  Ixurd  ;  bm 
tlic  k  ;.aai;  lu.i  to  i.iorii.;,u  ,1  prci.ige  oi  Kn.-i;  dro»Mn.d 
in  tilt  .'.Ileal, II  to  rea.h  l;ie  lioat,  that,  preteirin:;  lite  10 
locial  iuterC'U.e,  lie  elioli-  to  remain  on  tiie  illaiul  ..1 
all  events.  1 1  uii'.g  f  irnied  this  re.olution,  he  took  an 
atiLtionate  k;i\e  ol  the  jieoi  k  in  the  boat.  A  inid- 
lhl|'man,  however,  jull  as  tlie\  were  about  to  retvn'n 
will,  .ut  him,  tnkiiifi  one  end  of  a  rojic  in  iiis  iiand, 
jur.iiicel  into  the  lea,  and  lAam  tlirou.;h  the  lurt  totiie 
beaeh,  where  the  ))oor  inlulaied  deipondent  lai  runfi- 
nating  on  Lis  liiuaiio.i.  The  \  ouiig  man  remonllrated 
to  him  on  i1k  ablurviit\  of  the  reloluiion  lie  had  tormed, 
and  luiviiif;  made  a  running  nooie  in  the  rope,  luilekniy 
threw  it  over  the  laiK-r,  and  tiNir.g  it  roun.l  his  b(Kb, 
the  peojile  in  the  bivt  began  loiliag  him  throu;i!i  ti;e 
liirf,  ; '.  t  t'lu.s  biouglit  i'.ini  on  board  ;  but  heluul  Iwal- 
lowed  li)  great  a  i|uaa!;iv  ot  water  on  his  patlage,  that 
lie  was  to  all  ajipearance  dead  ;  \ei  pi-oj:er  means  being 
uled,  lie  loon  recovered,  and  was,  no  iKubl,  abun- 
dantly thanktul  for  the  fiienelly  violence  that  had  torced 
iiiin  fr  )iu  the  elreary  Iblitude  which  his  tears  had  before 
courted. 


Cajit.  Carteret  defcribes  this  ifland  to  lie  in  33  deg. 
.(.5  nun.  touth  longilu  le,  bo  deg.  46  min.  well,  from 
(.ireenwich.  It  is  very  high  and  mountaiiiDUs,  aiul  at  a 
il, 'lance,  apjxars  ;is  one  hill  or  rock.  It  is  of  a  tri- 
angular form,  and  leven  or  eight  k.igue,  in  tirtum- 
leleiue. 

Here  i^  iuth  ])lent\'  of  tilb,  that  a  boat  with  a  few 
hooks  and  line^,  mav  preienriy  cait  h  as  much  as  will 
krve  100  peopk.  Here  are  coal-liih,  ca',  illiers,  cod, 
lullibui,  and  ci.iy-iilh.  Capt.  Cancel's  crjw  c.uight 
1  kiiig-lillier  thai  \vi  :ghed  87  pound,,  and  was  five  tect 
antl  a  halt  lo.ig.  'I'iie  (harks  he-re  were  fo  ravenous, 
thai  m  taking  loundings,  one  of  ihem  ivvJlowed  the 
katl,  Lv  whicli  iluy  hauled  liim  abo\u  water;  but  he 
reg.iined  his  lilxTt;  b)  di!^',orging  his  prey.  Seals  arc 
lo  rumerous  here,  that  Capt.  Carter'  i  (iiys,  if  many 
t'.  .uliinds  were  killed  in  a  night,  ihcy  would  not  be 
iliill.d  the  next  moiiiiilg.  Tliek-  animals  \iekl  excel- 
!e:.t  iiain  oil ;  and  their  le.irts  and  ]  lucks  are  \ery  good 
UkhI,  having  a  t.ille  fometiiin^  like  thotc  of  a  hog. 
riieir  Ikins  are  covered  with  very  tine  fur.  There  are 
many  biiils  lure,  and  lome  very  large  hawks.  Of  the 
j  I'li.ulo  bird  ihe  cn.w  of  the  fwallo.v  caught  700  in  one 


II 


.t. 


c  H  I  1,  o  ]•:. 

^"'IIILOF.,  a  confivlerai^k  ifland,  on  ihe  coaR  of  Chili, 
^-^  lies  in  touii;  latitude  deg.  .tnil  i";  above  1 1  ?.  miles 
i  )iig,  and  21  Dioad.  I'ne  linitii  pa/t  of  it  is  divi  ied. 
imni  the  continent  b)  a  narrow  ("ea,  and  the  continent 
rheve  ir.akes  a  hay.  This  ee)all  is  fubjeit  totnni.eiluous 
Aeaiher,  eljieciall''  in  Much,  wiien  winri  r  bcijins. 
The  Spanvuvls  have  Ijut  .;!>■:  little  t^rt  1,!  tln^  ilTimd, 
■  alkd  Cli.icao,  alw.-.\s  if,  proviik  I  w'.tn  warlike  iloree. 

j  Bating  wi:i;,  tliis  illaiul  |  ;.!uuce:i  all  p.tcel'.'.iry  refrelh- 
ui'iusand  pnriiions ;  and  ii  ;.,iv:.r  deal  ot  ainbeigris  is 

'  t'lUiul  I'.ere.     iVfout  ti'.is  iilaii  :  are  40  inor-,  all  taking 

I  name  kom  it. 

A  late  navigator  tells  U-,  th-te  iflai-.ils  .f  Ciiiloe  are 

I  reputed  barien  ;  1  ut  tlieir  ii)il  is  10;  r.alh'  lo,  oniv  ilie 
cxieffnc  rains  dioa-  the  leed,  and  let  no  corn  thrive, 
1.1  tiiat  tfey  are  without  wl;eat,  we.ie,  or  oil,  and  other 
plants  which  need  mucii  fun. 

The  nature  of  tlie  climate  of  tlii;.  chiller  of  idaniis  is 
Inch,  that  it  rains  ahnoli  all  the  \ear;  lii  tiiat  only 
mai/.e,  or  other  liicli  grain,  can  ripen,  that  want  not  fo 
n.ueh  lun.  The  diet  ef  the  natives  is  niollly  of  a  rovit 
called  1  aj  ai'.s,  which  grows  bigger  here  tlian  in  anv 
oil'.er  place.  The  manufactures  are  clothing  tor  the 
Inihaiis,  who  have  a  kind  of  veil,  wlich  tliev  call 
maeuii,  without  lleeves,  over  which  is  a  kiial  ot  cloak. 
'I'liey  have  vail  wood.-,  ot  cedar  trees  of  a  prodigious 
li/.e,  lo  as  hardly  to  be  eneonipalied  b\  a  rope  li.e  )'ards 
long.     The  principal  town  is  called  Caliro. 


C  II  A  P.     XI. 


WEST-INDIA    1SL.\XI)S    bclonaincr    to    the    FRENCH, 

DUTCH,  and    DANES. 


s  i:  C  T  I  o  N' 


I. 


FRENCH  WF.ST-1N1)1A  iSl.WDS, 

M  A  R  T  I  N  1  C  O. 

'HI',  Idand   of  Martinico  is   lituated   between   i!<e 

14th  and   i5lh  deg.  of  north  lat.  and  in   the  6 ill 

deg.  of  well:  longitude.     It  lies  about  40  lea|',ues  iiotli- 

tved  of  Uiibadoes,  and  is  about  60  miles  in  length,  ami 

30  in  breadth. 

Ny.  4y. 


T 


The  climate  of  Martinico  is  not  eftccmed  unwhole- 
lonie  ;  though  there  is  a  dampnefs  in  the  air  wlnih,  at: 
times,  mull  be  diliigreeable.  The  inland  pails  are 
mountainous,  and  from  thence  arife  nuiiv  nvui.ts, 
whieli,  ill  their  cotirfe  towards  the  lea,  at  once  adorn 
.uid  feitili/.e  the  country. 

'JT.e  proeliK'lions  of  this  ifland  ronlil'  of  fugar,  to- 
ll uco,  eotlon,  ginger,  indigo,  aloe  ,  jiir.mto,  cocoas, 
plantains,  and  other  tropicil  Iruii--.  The  eoails  abound 
with  tiirties  ;  but  the  French  are  not  lo  expert  in  lithing 
teir  tiuni  as  the  I'.nglilli. 

('   r  In 


lii 


•  I)'"f    I*'  'i* 


SJ4 


A  NEW  AND  AUTHCN'TIC  SYSTKM  cf  UNIVF.RSAI,  GT:()(;RArHY. 


*»• 


..-.  V 


II 


111  the  vc:ir  1700  tlic  i'Vcnch  k-ttL-tl  ii|  uii  tliir  ifl:iml 
ot  iVLutinico  wi'ic  idiniiuU'l  to  lie  150J,  Iviuks  ilii' 
iKHrcKs  uiiom  i\w\  fniiiioycil,  anil  |^iom  iiuiiihcrs  ut 
L'anbl>c.i;is,  wii..  were  K-admittwl  into  tlic  illaiul,  Init 
were  obliged  10  v\ork  .i!'  (laves,  anil  to  li\e  among  ti.e 
Freiitli,  tli.it  t'iv\  ;, light  iiave  no  oj)|Hinui.iiy  to  lonii 
conli)iraeie>- ur  jiloi'  with  their  coiiiiirv  iii^ii,  or  to  ,i(lo- 
ciate  together,  li.toiv  it  was  lulKliieJ  iiv  tiie  I'.nghili 
in  1759,  it  contained  10,000  while  iuhalMiaats  In  to 
cany  arm>,  and  above  40,000  neij,roe^  or  llaves.  Be- 
luk's  this  toive,  lome  coiiiiianies  ot  regulars  were  alwavi 
(,u.irtered  in  the  iilar.d  ;  \o  that  nothui;.!,  Init  the  nmll 
notorious  iiiilioiKluct  toulil  i'.ave  lendercd  the  Britilli 
tn  oj  s.  nialteis  ot  it  with  lo  little  lolk  as  they  lUtlered 
en  that  oeiuiion. 

Martiuiio  i^  iici  only  the  relidenee  ot  the  goverr.or- 
general  and  iiuendant,  hut  likewil'e  of  a  liivereign 
t'ouncil,  wliieh  lu;)ericitends  all  their  other  illiivK,  and 
even  ihe  Icitl^nunis  ^  t  St.  Domingo  and  Turiiig.i. 

The  illand  owes  it.  llourilhmg  Hate  to  the  iMeiidi  go- 
vernment having  t"anl|iorted  tl.ither,  by  way  ot  1  iinilli- 
nient,  gr.at  numiieis  ot  its  I'roulhint  rubj.'Cts  lome 
ot  whom  voluntaril','  t'etlkd  there. 

The  two  prir.eipal  inwns  in  this  illand  are  I-'ort 
Ro\ai  and  Si.  I'ierre,  or  St.  IVter's.  Tlie  tirtl  is  the 
!•  at  ot  government  :  its  llrects  are  regular,  the  houles 
agreeable,  anil  tiie  inhaliitants  very  much  given  to  ail 
kinds  ot  lu\ur\  :  tl:ev  are  the  I'arilians  ot  the  Weli- 
Inuies.  I'l)  ihe  eai't  ot  the  town,  on  a  neck  ot  lind,  is 
an  irregular  tort,  baniv  built,  and  woilc  ikligned, 
whith  gives  name  10  the  town  it  jHiorlv  lielends.  F^rt 
Royal,  as  well  as  the  tell  of  tiie  itlanii,  tell  under  t  .■ 
power  ot  the  Knglilh  in  the  vear  1756,  hut  the\  reiuucd 
it  at  tile  jieace  ot  1 '6j.  The  French  have  lince  built 
a  citadel  upon  Morne  Carnier,  an  eminence  higher  than 
the  moil  elevated  points  of  Mornes  Faiate,  Tartanlon, 
and  Cartouche,  wl.ich  all  command  Forte  Royal. 

The  harbour  ot  Fort  Ro\ai,  where  tlie  men  of  war 
anciior  in  winter,  is  one  ot  the  bell  ot  the  W  inilward 
Itlands,  and  lis  I'ecuruv  ;igainll  the  hurricanes  generalh 
acknuwleilged.  It  is  iuppoleil  that  the  inner  jart  has 
been  fiwiied  bv  linking  the  hulks  ot  leveral  ihips  to 
make  a  fence  againft  tiie  Fnglilh  in  the  war  of  1759. 

The  Fort  ot  St.  I'ierrc,  is  five  leagues  to  the  leeward 
oi  Fort  Roxal,  in  a  roun>l  bav  ot  the  welfeni  coa.t. 
'l"hc  town,  the  tirll  built  in  the  illand,  is  the  place  of 
communication  between  the  colon\'  anil  mother  country. 
It  is  the  refideiice  of  merchants,  and  the  ce.'iter  ol  biili- 
iitl'.  Ihat  part  lituated  along  the  lea-lide,  on  the 
itrand  itleif,  called  Fe  Mouillage,  (the  anchoring- 
place,)  is  very  unhealthy.  The  other  port,  leparated 
trom  this  by  a  river,  is  built  upon  a  low  hill ;  and  the\' 
I  all  It  the  1-ort  from  a  fmall  tortrel's  which  defends  the 
road.  'Fliis  road  is  verv  convenient  tor  loading  ana 
unloading  the  ihips,  and  the  taciliiy  ot  coming  m  or 
going  out  ;  bui  they  are  obiiu'd  in  winter  tinii,  to  take 
llielter  at  Fort  Roval. 

Tiie  town  ot  St.  I'ierre  lullered  great  damage  by  a 
iheadtal  hurricane  which  hap;  eneil  in  the  nioiuh  of  Oc- 
tobe!'  1780,  in  which  200  hi/Uics  were  blown  into  the 
lea,  and  great  dam.i^e  was  lioue  among  the  ihip[,iiig 
that  lay  in  the  h.arboui. 

The  cliict  ex)  ort  ot  \L:tinico  is  liu'ar,  of  which  vail 
quantities  are  annually  ihijiped  tor  I'rance. 

G  L'ADAI.O  I"  I'K. 

'  I  ""llli  Illand  is  f;;uated  about  30  leagues  north-well 
■'■  ot  Martinico,  in  16  deg.  north  btiuklc  It  is 
about  45  mile->  in  lengili,  and  j!i  in  breadth,  and  is  di- 
vided b)  a  ileei)  gulpli  or  b.iy,  ami  a  chaniiil  called  the 
Salt  River. 

Ti'.e  air  '){  Guadalou]ie  is  preferable  fo  lliat  ot  Mar- 
tinico, being  iiioiv  lalu'inous,  and  lef.  lultrv.  Tne 
ibil  IS  ve!)'  fertile.  Its  products  are  fugir,  collie,  cot- 
ton, b  ill  ird  cinnani.in,  iiuligo,  ginger,  an.l  manv 
"thi-r  \' ■•'j,.:tabk's,  parluularly  the  lapui-iie,',  li  im 
viiKh  !■  uxtraited  a  moll  e.xcelleiit  balm;   ihe  mih,- 


llirub,  lo  called  from  its  yielding  a  fubll.ince  like  milk, 
'..lien  ])relied,  which  tails  little  lliort  of  the  lapua  bal- 
l.iiii  i  Uie  moubane-tree,  whicii  bears  a  yellow  plumb, 
with  which  tiie  natives  taiicn  llieir  hogs;  and  the  cor- 
o.rv-iree,  the  gum  of  which,  wlvn  li.irdened  in  the  tun, 
iKcoiiiv-.  lo  tranllucent,  tliat  the  Caiibbeans  wear  11 
lormed  into  beads  and  hr.iiekts. 

M.iny  ol  tlic  mi.uiilaiiis  with  which  (iuadaloujie 
ali'iuiids,  are  tovereil  with  w(XhI  i  and  nothing  can  he 
more  venlaiu,  or  iiKire  beaulifully  variegated,  than  the 
large  plains  whicli  lie  beneath  them.  One  of  themoun- 
t.iiiis  emus  a  continual  Imoak,  and  communicates  a  ful- 
[ihu.ous  t.ille  to  the  neighb mrinv;  llreaiiis. 

The  moll  remark.ible  bird  on  ihisifland  is  that  called 
the  Devil's  Hiid,  whkh  is  peculiar  to  tlii',  ill.md  an  I 
Doiinnii.i ,  It  IS  a  bird  of  paliage,  of  the  li/.e  ot  a  pul- 
let, and  ail  its  plunuge  coal  hl.ick  :  it  lives  on  lith, 
'.sliich  it  caiches  m  the  lea  at  night,  lieiii;-!;  unable  lo 
I  e.ir  the  light  in  the  oXv-tinie  when  Hying;  lo  that  iIkv 
oiie.i  lun  againll  iiueriioling  objects,  and  fall  down. 
.\Uer  their  nih-huiiiing  in  the  night,  they  re|>air  to  a 
HKiuniain  called  the  Devil's  Mountair,  where  they  Kxlge 
hv  i>airs  in  hoks  like  rabl)its.  Their  Iklh  is  g,i,'),| 
nourillii;  g  fvvul,  ihcjugh  of  a  tilhy  talle. 

Tf.e  Illand  is  pcllered  with  an  inlecl  called  a  ravet, 
iliipiil  like  a  cock-charter,  ot  a  llinking  Imell,  which 
deltroy  both  biK>ks  and  fiirnilurc  ;  and  whatever  tiiev 
do  not  gnaw  is  dilcolour..d  by  thiir  ordure  :  but  great 
numbeis  ot  t'nm  are  dellroyed  by  a  kind  of  t'pideis 
tound  on  till  illand,  lome  ot' which  are  as  big  as  a  man's 
nil.  I'l.e  bees  ot  (luidaloupe  are  exceeding  different 
ironi  ihole  of  I'.uroi.e,  being  black,  finaller,  ^and  with- 
out ihngs.  Thele  Dees,  inltead  of  making  c  'inbs,  lay 
liieir  honey  in  bladders  of  wax,  about  the  torm  and  (i/'e 
"'  .''  1"S''^'."'=>  I'g^-  The  only  ule  made  of  their  wax, 
vv:.kh  is  ot  a  dark  iiuqile  colour,  is  10  fecure  the  corks 
ot  bottles.  Tne  hoiiey  is  never  of  a  tliicker  conlillencc 
than  that  ut'  uiivc  oil. 

1  iie  Cul  de  S.IC3,  a-  the  I'"rencii  call  them,  orgulphs 
.ibout  this  itland,  ahwund  wiin  turtle,  lliarks,  land 
crabs,  and  various  oil.er  tilhes. 

One  ot  the  twodiviiion.  ot  this  illand  is  called  Grar.dc- 
I'erre  ;  and  the  other  is  divided  into  Cajxs  Terre,  or 
Cables  Terre,  and  HalKe-'lVrre,  which  lalt  is  alio  the 
name  ot  the  capital,  a  \ery  cciilliler.ible  town,  lituatal 
on  both  tides  of  liaiiilf  River,  and  well  forlilied. 

■|■hi^  illand,  as  well  a^  M.ulinico,  was  reduced  by  tlie 
Ilriiuh  aiDis  in  the  year  1739,  '''"  rellored  by  the  deli- 
iiitive  treaty  of  peace  in  176J.  The  French  tirll  began 
to  knd  coioniei  to  it  about  the  \ear  i6j2. 


ST.     FLCIA. 

Tills  illand,  which  is  lituated  in  I4ileg.  north  la- 
titude, was  liifl  il  tiled  on  bvtlie  JMigliih  tn  1637, 
'•••  ho  wei\  much  aniioved  by  the  natives  and  the  French. 
At  lengtii  u  w,is  agreed  between  the  latter  and  the  Fiig- 
Ijlb,  that  St.  I.uca,  with  Dominiia  .uid  St.  Vincent, 
Ihould  reiiiain  neutral.  By  the  definitive  treaty  of 
176J,  It  w,^  ceded  to  h'rance.  St.  Lucia  lies  two  miles 
louih.it  .Mariinii.i,  .md  i^  about  2.3  miles  in  kngtli, 
and  1  iin  breadth,  h  is  one  of  the  finell  and  moll  con- 
-nient  ol  any  of  the  C.iribbee  lllands,  being  diverfiticf! 
vMih  hill,  and  v.illiej,  well  watered,  and  furnilhed  wilh 
cxcelUnt  harbours.  The  land  is  rich,  but  a  great  part 
of  :t  ,.  cohered  with  woods,  whiih  abound  in  wikl  fowl, 
and  \itld  great  iiuantilies  of  excellent  timber.  The 
iieighhoiiiing  |i;i  ^  ^u'll  liored  with  lilb. 

St.  Laicia  luil.iiiied  uniiderable  damage  by  a  dread - 
111!  hurikane  wIik  h  happened  m  the  m  in'ih  of  Ortober, 


^o.     (iiiat  i;u, libels  of  houies  were  levelled  with  the 


g'ou'id  ;  and  the  lhi| 
to  !^a,  many  were  loll. 

'|■.^^  Illand  was  taken  bv  tl  _  ....^ 

hill    ivlhind  to  the  Frencli  b,  thc^  treaty  of  K-ace'iiI 
I7«-;.  '  '        ' 


IS  III  the  liailiiair  being  driven  out 


i'.nglilh  forces  in  177S', 


AMKRICA.] 


MARAC 

THIS  illand,  whith  i 
(iu.ld.if  U[)e,  i:  aboil 
hrcadtli.  It  was  (lil'e<)ver 
named  by  hinn  Marni;alan 
the  name  ol  liis  Hup.  It 
nion-tiees,  and  other  pnxl 
and  contains  a  great  m; 
are  found  ;  as  alio  lever 
watv  r.  Along  the  eallen 
riKk^  \Nhicli  give  Hielte 
bird.^,  as  they  are  lull  of 

TO 

THK  Illand  of  Tobaj 
from   liarb.idoes,    .1 
Vincent,  40  call  iromGr 
from  the  Spanilli  Main. 
9  in  breadth,  and  70  in 
rather  larger  than   Barb; 
Leeward   I  fluids  ;    and  t 
lies  a  tiiiall  iHand  called 
miles  in  length,  and  otie 
The  climate  is  tar  mir 
peded  in  an  illand  that   1 
from  the  eiiuitor  ,  tor  tl 
cd  hv  the  lea  hree/.es. 
whkh  it  abo-.inds.  coniri 
his  anotlier  favourable  c 
n.imelv,  its  lying  out  ot 
that  often  prove  to  latal  ' 
'Ihe  nonh-wett  ext remit 
ot  the  ifland  agreeably  tl 
uigs.     'Ihe  loil,    in  ger 
proper  for  jiroducing,  m 
js  railed  in  othe;'  parts  c 
many   fprings,    togeth'-: 
creeks.     But   the    valua 
perhaps,  its  greatiil   rii 
kinds  ot  wood  that   are 
lllands,  it  is  (aid,  thai 
cinnamon  tree,  witli  th.i 
copal,  are  found  on  liii- 
l>a',u  are   reckoned  e>]u. 
gi|.     Indian   and  (iu; 
kinds  of  pe.is,  the  colli 
drink,  and  ;  lekls  an 
apple,    banana,    pome 
biltcr  orange,  k'MM-. 
tarlajia'illa,    temper    ' 
gu.ivi's,    plaint,!  lis,    t.c 
loin -apple,  pa^.a.v-app 
clierries  ;  tlie  cocoa-trc, 
and  clothing  ;  ii'Ulk, 
t.iiis,  gi  u.\l-,  poi,'.,oe 
iiijiv,    o.iioii',     c. Iliad, t- 
wuh  li\i'   ilnleii  M  Icrt 
the  ivTi,   r.'e  piinu!,  an 
on  tl,i .  ill.ii..'. 

I  lere  are  wiUl  hog 
hog  ;  anna  liiioes  ;  gu 
kiiiif  ;  Indian  coai.s, 
fheep,  d  cr,  g;oiis 
World,  wt  ..:e  told,  c;,i 
both  Ihell  :,::d  ollxr, 
ot  a  m,)li  deiicKus  [\;] 
is  alii)  a  grc.it  variety. 
iflauij  ate  toiind  pieell 
ous  lli'.ik,  ;,,iiii-  ,  11:,.. 
Tile  vaiui;  and  inijo 
till!  t.V(K:.i!ive  and 
been  lint  I  hither  by  In 
dilVen-iit  cl.iini.-.  li 
the  Di'aii,  who  dii.ii. 
JLni^luiia  a, id    l-raace 


M.VRAGALANTK 


AMERICA.] 


NORTH     AMERICA. 


535 


ICC  like  milk, 
ic  t.ipua  hal- 

'L'llow  plum!), 
and  liie  cor- 
al in  tlu'liiii, 
Kaiis  wiMr  11 

( Ju.ii.iaiou)n- 
>lliing  tan  ho 
led,  than  liie 

it  iheinoiiii- 
mitatcs  a  ful- 

i^  that  call  d 
li^  id.iiid  an  ! 

ll/."  ot  a  ]nil- 

livcs  un  lilli, 

n-j^   un.ihlv-  I.) 

til  that  likv 

it  tall  ilonii. 
•y  repair  to  a 

re  tiicy  lodge 
lledi    is    g(X)d 

ailed  a  ravct, 
tniell,  whitli 
ivlialevcr  they 
re  :  but  great 
ind  of  tpiiiers 
big  as  a  man's 
(ling  diffep.'iu 
cr,  aM<l  wiih- 
v^  e  'Mihs,  lay 
form  and  li/.c 
ot  their  wax, 
.lire  the  corks 
;cr  conlillenec 

em,  orguljlis 
lliarks,   land 

:alL-J  Grar.dc- 
ijies  Tcrre,  or 
alt  is  alii)  the 
lown,  liiuatul 
iriilied. 

ediited  by  t!ie 
d  by  the  deli- 
k1i  tirll  began 


deg.  north  la- 
i;;liili  in  1637, 
d  the  I'Veneh. 

ami  the  l';:i^- 
I  St.  Vineent, 
tivf  treaty  of 

lies  two  milei 
les  in  length, 
and  inolV  con- 
ing divert]  tied 
urnillK'd  with 
It  a  great  jiart 
1  ni  udd  fowl, 
limber.     The 

;e  by  a  drcad- 
hofCMober, 
elled  with  the 
:ig  driven  out 

Tees  in  177S', 
y  ot  [K-ace  III 


CiAlwX.NlK. 


MARAGALANTE.. 

THIS  itland,  which  is  tituated  to  the  tout li -cad  of 
Cii.id.il  U[)e,  i  ai)out  15  mdes  in  le:igi;i,  imd  1  2  in 
breadth.  It  was  (lil<.'')vered  by  Coluinlui.i  in  1491,  and 
named  by  him  Marnr^lante,  or  the  Cjalluiit  Marx ,  after 
the  name  ot  liis  llnp.  It  ahouiuK  witli  tuhaeeo,  einna- 
mon-tiees,  and  other  pnxhiiitiemsot  iheCaulibee  )!laiuK  , 
and  I  onlains  a  gre.it  manv  groiio^,  wlieie  laige  t  r.ib^ 
are  found  ;  as  alio  teveral  iiwin,  aiivl  pond-,  of  liVih 
w,il>r.  Along  the  e.illerii  lliore  luii  liigM  periieiu'.uui.ir 
riKKS  \^hicll  give  llielter  to  v.ill  iiu;ul)eis  ot  tropical 
bird.-,  as  they  are  lull  ot  holes  like  a  pulgeon-houte. 

TO  B  A  (;  o. 

TllV.  llland  of  Tobago  lies  40  leagiks  I'outhby  w\il 
fioni  Hai'o.idoes,  about  •^j  li)u;:i-eait  from  .Sr. 
Vwueut,  40  eull  troiii  tiivnad.i,  and  between  30  ;'iul  40 
from  the  Spanilh  Main.  It  is  32  miles  in  l.-ngih,  about 
q  in  breadth,  and  70  in  eiieu.nterencc  ;  to  ihat  it  is 
rather  larger  than  Barbadoes,  or,  indeeil,  any  ot  oiii 
Leeward  Itlands  ;  and  near  the  north-well  extremuy 
lies  a  tiii.dl  itland  called  Liitle  Tobago,  wiiich  is  two 
miles  in  lengih,  and  one  in  breailih. 

I'he  clinute  is  tar  mire  leiupeiate  ilian  could  be  ex- 
peded  in  an  illaad  that  is  but  11  deg.  10  min.  north 
from  the  etiuiior  ,  for  the  force  of  the  lun  is  drniiiilii- 
cd  bv  the  lea  biv^/.es.  Tlie  fpice  and  gum  trees,  wiin 
whkh  it  abounds,  contnbui-^  to  its  la!ulirity.  '1  ob.igj 
has  aiiotlicr  favourable  circunil Lance  to  recommend  a, 
n.imelv,  iii  lying  out  ot  tl-e  liaekot  tliole  iiuni.ai.es 
that  often  prove  tl)  l.aal  to  lue  oilier  \Veii  India  lllandb. 
'Ihe  norih-welt  extremity  is  mountainuu  ,  but  the  red 
of  the  itland  agreeably  thverliried  with  nlings  and  tall- 
uigs.  'I'he  toil,  in  gener.il,  is  a  ricli  biack  moulJ, 
proper  for  |irodueing,  m  the  greatelt  pieuiv,  whatevei 
js  railed  in  other  parts  of  the  Well  Indies.  Tiiere  are 
many  fprings,  tog.-the:  with  comiiuxlious  bays  and 
creeks.  But  the  "valu.i'nle  trees  whicli  grow  here,  are, 
perhaps,  its  greatell  riclie-  ;  for,  belules  me  dilieieiii 
kimls  of  wood  that  arc  found  lu  llie  other  W  eil  India 
lllandb,  it  is  (aid,  that  the  tiu.-  nutmeg-tree,  and  tiie 
linnamon  tree,  with  thatwliuii  p-'nluces  the  roai  gum- 
copal,  are  touiul  on  this  itluid.  i'-y  !ig-trees  ot  fo- 
ba'nj  are  reckoned  equal  to  liioie  of  Spam  and  Fo.iu- 
g<i.  Indian  and  <  luinea  corn,  I'reiich  beans,  vario^is 
kinds  of  jxas.  the  coihou-appie,  thai  is  both  meiU  an.l 
drink,  and  xieUls  an  cxceli.-u  lam|i-oil  ,  tlie  i-;ickle- 
ajiple,  banana,  pome!;ra!i.Ue,  11.11  -...pie,  tweet  and 
biitcr  orange,  lemons,  fugar,  toUacco,  indigo,  gingei, 
larlaiia'illa,  temper  vivuiii,  ciiror.%  va'.eli  ;s,  limes, 
j!U.iv:>s,  iil.iii.t..  ;is,  tamarinds,  graj.es,  cullaid-apiile, 
ibiM-apple,  pai,a.v-apple,  nKi.v.iuea-.ipple,  yellow  jniim, 
cherries;  the  eocoa-tree,  th.it  yields  both  meat,  drink, 
and  clothing  ;  iMilk,  cueuiiibers,  water-meloiis,  j  um- 
t.ins,  giu.-d.~,  po:;-..oeL-,    ^ams,    cirots,    turnips,    pan 

iilps,     o.iioii',     e.ul.nl.t-i'ool. 


naiur.i;  I5a!i.im,  lilk-gra'.s, 
ihe 
iiid  the  jaiTiai.aare  alto  produced 


iMih  ti\e  iliirerinl  lort^  ot    pepjier,  ll»e    long,   Ihe  cod, 

I 


the  I'.ii,   !  ,'e  I'oun 
on  tin.  illall.^ 

Here  aiv  wild  hogs,  piekarees,  whic'.i  relemble  a 
hog;  anu.i  hiioes;  gmnoe-,  which  .ire  ot  ihe  alligator 
kind;  liulian  comes,  badg.rs,  horlef,  cow-,  altes, 
Ih.ep,  d  er,  go.a,,  and  r.ibl.it.-.  No  illir.d  in  the 
ivoru!,  ue  ..:e  toUl,  c:.n  lu  nil  inch  a  v.iriety  ot  tithes, 
both  Ihell  and  oil-.e:^,  p..rucu.arlv  turtle  and  mullets 
cf  a  molt  deiicK.us  i,,;!.;.  Of  the  leathered  tpccies  there 
is  alio  a  gre.it  vanet\.  l«uUy,  in  di ill  rent  jiartsot  the 
illanU  aie  toiind  gueii  tar,  loap  e.irtli,  unh  many  ei.n- 
ou<  Iheils,  ;.,me',  m,.;\.iline  ,  and  mmei.ils. 

Tiie  vaiu.;  and  inipoiiance  ot  I'lis  itland  ajiirars  trom 
the  t.xjic.iiive  an<i  io-nv,d..il)Ie  oi'iameuis  ;\iiicli  ii.ive 
been  lent  ihilh  Thy  l.uropean  powers  in  lui'pori  ot  ilieir 
dilVerriit  el.iiiii^.  li  w.is  heielof  ne  chietiy  potlelled  by 
the  Ditch,  who  defended  tiieir  preientions  againtl  boiii 
JL:ii;Una  a. id    Itance  with  the  moli  obliinaie  peileve- 


rancc.  By  the  treaty  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  in  1748,  it 
was  iledared  neutral  ;  but  by  the  treaty  of  peace  in 
1673,  it  \va- yielded  up  to  Great  Britain.  In  June, 
1781,  it  was  taken  by  in  French,  and  ceded  to  them 
by  the  treaty  of  1783. 

ST.    MARTIN',     ST.    BARTHOLOMEW,     and 

OKSKADA    ISLANDS. 

'"T'HKSK  are  three  of  the  incontiderable  iflands 
-'■  the  French  ])oiiels  in  thote  psirts.  St.  Martin's  is 
of  no  conleijiience  whatever.  St.  BailhoKnncw  produces 
tome  tobacco,  alto  excellent  woods  and  lime-lLones. 
Defeada,  which  is  a  corruption  ot  the  word  Defiderada, 
or  I  lie  Deliiable  Itland,  was  to  cr.lled  by  Columbus, 
being  the  rirll  laiul  he  liiCovcred  in  his  li;cond  voyage 
to  Am.rica.     It  produ^^es  very  good  cotton. 


SECTION.    II. 

DUTCH  WEST-INDIA  ISLANDS. 

ST.  EU  STAT  I  A. 

""PI Hi  Itland  of  St.  Eullatia  is  nuiate  1  about  three 
■^  lea;j,u.s  north-.\ell  of  St.  Chriiiopiiu.'s,  isabout  29 
miles  in  einumk-rcnce,  luul  well  eultivated.  Betides 
tobacco,  th'j  in'.a'.iitaiUs  have  of  lite  years  raiie-d  and 
exported  great  liuantities  of  fiig.-ir.  They  alio  breed 
hogs,  rabbits,  goats,  and  molt  torts  of  poultry.  Th.e 
air  is  wlioieiome,  but  it  is  iubj'  el  to  ternlile  thunder- 
claps, eartln  uakes,  and  hurricanes  :  and  there  is  a 
'la'ciivuf  Irelii  vs.'.ter.  Before  a  hiirr  cane,  it  is  laid, 
the  Ijirds  lay  them. elves  fiat  on  tie  ground  ;  and  the 
rain  tliat  'precedes  it  is  always  tall  and  bitter. 

St.  Kuitatia  is  reckoned  the  iirongeil  of  all  the  d- 
rihboe  itlands,  there  'oeiiig  but  one  landing-place,  which 
is  commaiuied  by  a  fort,  and  any  be  e.ilily  defended  by 
a  few  men.  The  Dutcn  look  poliLlTioa  or  it  in  163c  ; 
and,  time  liie  treaty  of  k^iv.icl  ,  pieierveii  it  till  Feb- 
ruary, 1781,  when  it  was  talsCa  irc;ii  ihem  by  llie  Bri- 
tith  forces,  under  Admiral  Rodney  and  General 
Vaughan  ;  but  in  November  following  it  was  retaken 
by  the  I'"rench. 

This  idand  lullainei'  confidcruble  damage  by  a  dread- 
ful hurricane  which  happened  in  the  month  ot  Oflober, 
1780.  (jreat  numbers  ot  warehoules  «ere  b.ov.-n  down, 
and  moll  of  the  goods  ilellroved,  the  whole  iofs  of 
which  w.is  ellimated  at  150,0001. 

CURASSAO,    OR    CURACOA, 

IS  fituated  about  10  leagues  from  the  coafl  of  Terra- 
Firma,  in  12  deg.  14  min.  north  latitude,  h  is 
about  30  miles  in  lenglh,  and  10  in  brea uiii.  Tii';  cli- 
mate is  neitiier  uholelome  or  agreeable,  nor  the  foil 
fuitful  ;  yet  the  itland  is  populous,  aiikl  i!n  ...  'allr\  of 
the  inlial-.itaiits  .uch,  that  it  produces  a  g'vat  do.'i  of 
fugar  and  tobacco.  It  is  well  liip|-iied  with  prjvi- 
lioiis,  and  all  other  commodities  trom  llu  •  vie,  ani  the 
other  Dutch  tettlcments,  in  which  it  cirri  •  on  a  very 
lucrative  and  extenlive  contraband  trii.1  .viiu  the  .Spa- 
niards in  Terra-Fiiina.  Let  the  Sp.inilli  g.)k.  -nors 
prohibit  this  trade  ever  lo  leveivly,  the  S;'ania:i.>  lland 
lo  much  in  need  ot  Euioper.n  comnuvlitie-,  t'.iat  tliey 
will  run  all  ha/.ards  to  obtain  them.  Tl.e  c.ucf  town 
and  harbour  is  abour  three  leagues  tVom  tlie  ibuth-eall 
end  of  the  itland.  The  lown,  for  its  li/.,  is  one  of  the 
fiirell  and  liaell  in  .\in.rRa,  a.i.l  Cd..iainb  every  thing 
neceliiiry  to  render  u  o.iiaiodious  a.\d  agreeable,  as 
t.ir  as  the  climate  and  toil  will  ivriuii. 

Here  are  three  other  hualier  illaiuh  belongi.-.g  to  t!ie 
Diitih,  namely,  S.iba,  Bonaire,  aiul  Aruba. 

Saba  is  a  very  pi  "ilaiii  illand,  titu.ued  about  13  mil;:s 
north-well  of  LuK.uia.  The  ;:a  is  lo  Ihailow  about 
it,  that  none  but  Hoops  can  coino  near  it ;  nor  even 
thotc-,  but  at  a  I'lnall  creek,  on  the  ibulh  fidt  of  the 

ifland. 


:•      ' 


LmmW 


1 


ii.  I'J, 


.  I'i 


536 


A  Ni:\V   AN!.  ArriUXTIC  SYSTTM  o;.   I'MVIiRSAL  (W.OC.RAI'IIV 


AMIRICA.] 


m 


Hi 


r.|. 


illand  M(<;'i  ot  iho  inliablt.uUs  au  l.ul  tn  1  c  llmc- 
inakcr-,  or  doaitrs  in  lliots,  'i'lmv  i-  :i  il. !,;.'. lUill 
vailcv  ill  ilu-  illaiul,  wiiicli  priKluccs  iKM.ti.iiiL5  t.n-  tin.' 

illliUiMl.V.ilS,    Uiill  lullK   lIKJlgK  iuul  U'Uun. 

SuIm,  ;iik1  .ill  iiliiiul  c;vllai  St.  M.irtin's,  were  liotli 
(.-.iptiircJ  in  ,\Ja-.ii-al  RoJiu'V  ;iiul  (u-;',ir,ii  V.iiigli.;!i  .ii 
tiic  time  ot  tlic  liirrcivlcr  ot  St.  l-.u(t..tiai  but  ucrc 
atiL'vwaiils  rc-iaki.!!  !•;   ii.i.'  iTcncli. 

1>  );).iirc  iinil  .Aiul';;  .;iv  I'litlls  i  .■iirnlcial/l.-  \\iiiv!i  i.~ 
alii)  tlic  tall  willi  Ciii.uiiuij  li)|- ll;(.\r  liUi.Uioti  lua.'  llu- 
coaiV  1)1  '1  iiia-1-iiiiui,  wiiiili  y^iw^  I'l  miiai>iiaiii>  an 
<);ii..'.;u;ni\  ul  <a:.M.u;  on  a  ilaiuldliiiL'  iraiit  \\n\i 
Uw  S\maA\  llit.i.'UK-iits  1. 1  'IVrra-l  nir.a. 

On  tlic  Kuih  li.ic  ol  Bonaiiv  i->  a  jv"''!  lali-ponil, 
v.iiui.cr  tiu- 1  Ju;iii  ll(Hi;  :.  con;c  lur  lait,  ui.icli  ^  bc- 
coiuo  a  coulidtiabii.'  lo.iiiiiuiiiiy. 

Si,  CllON      111. 

1)  \M-il  W  r.-l-INiM  \   I^I.AMaS. 


T 


Si.    1  11()M.\S. 

1 11'.  iilan.l  ot"  St.  'rhornab  is  liiuati-xl  to  tin'  call  ot 
Port)- Rico,  air.i  I-  li;c  cliici  I't  ll'.olo  i.vilcl  1  .ic 
\  iruin  lilini!  .  it  i  a  '  )Ut  15  miles  in  cu\  iiiiituvine, 
.•ukl  lias  a  I'lic  aiul  c  laiinoilioLi--  harbour,  wImcIi  b>  bc- 
iiiL;  o|;cn  to  traders  oi  all  nations,  cnnclics  the  ini.a- 
bua:ii.^.  Its  I'oii  i-,  in  general,  very  t.mdy,  notvv;ili- 
tland.iip;  wliiih  it  1  rodiicos  moll  ot  tiie  \\  cil-lniiian 
commodities;  but  it  i  j;re.'.ti\  iiifeiied  with  inulijiui'^. 

I'he  jiruKiiial  adva.ii.iJc  ot  this  illand  Lo.iliil>  111  a 
very  •;^ootl  lurb'Hir  0:1  iiie  loutii  tide,  where  50  ihip^ 
niav  lie  ill  r.i!et\-.  It  i->  is  (ict'eiuled  liy  a  tort,  whole  bat- 
teries at  the  lame  tinv.-  [  lot^et  the  liiiaU  town  bimi 
round  the  liuav.  'I'lns  '  amour  is  iiuicii  trei;iiented  i  'v 
incieha.U  tliij.s  :  when  i^.ev  are  chaied,  in  tinieot  war, 
t!!i.\  line!  herealate  piutejiion  ;  and,  ni  timeot  j.eace, 
a  V-.  r.t  tor  tiieir  ^,001!^,  by  the  claiidclbne  trade  wliich 
the  l)oats  ol'  Si.  ^llOlUa^  eontiiiually  carry  on  with  the 
Spaaiih  cuaii^. 

'1  uo  le.igujs  to  ih.e  Ic.uih  ot  St.  'J'homas  i>  r.noiher 
lilind,  ab.out  the  Taiiie  li/e,  called  St.  John^.  It  i= 
the  bell  watered  among  the  \ii);iiis,  and  its  harbour 
iiaa  not  onl\  the  reputation  of  being  better  than  that  ot 
S:.  'ri)oma.s  Init  jialles  alio  iur  the  bell  lo  the  leeward 
(.1  Anligua.  The  JMiglilh  give  it  the  name  ol  "C'lavO 
B.iv."  IJa!  n  )twillil..'.iidin?,  iheli.-  advant.igcs,  ll?e;e  is 
Ul  iiitle  good  land  in  the  illand,  iliat  it>  iil.iiiting  and 
fXj   '.i.uioiis  toini  oiii)  a  \.ry  trilling  objec:. 

Si.  tRCUX,  or  SANTA  CRL/.. 


i.-s  ilie  I'lioi   toii'idei.iMe  of    the    \\  ell-liidia   'll.iiuls  1 
bel  'n;ir.g  to    lJc.iir..ii '^      it    i->   liluated  oiu    i)l   the' 
gleuj)  ot   the  V  ngiiis,   l.ve    le.'.gUjs    to    lli-  louili  ot   St.' 
Joliii's,   being  ahout    Jo   mile:i   in    lenglli,  :ind    ten    in  • 
"br. adili.      li  is  t^der.:lj:\  fertile,  producing  iii'ilt  ot  the  I 
lieceliaries  ot  hte,   togellier  v, ith  oranges,  citrons,  gni- 
nate^,  leii'.on^,  the  manioc  root,  and   the   |)aj  an   tree, 
tl'.e  truii  ol  wi.uh  makes  a  moit  ixieHe.it  Iweel-iiv.at. 
l-kre  i'.  ailo  a  \ariety  ot  d\iiig  and  oijier  woods  j.ioier 
tor  'ii.,ulc  .i.id  lh:;)-l'.oii.iHig. 

The  dr'.aie,'.  p.i/r  ot  t.ie  in'ubiia.its  ot'  S.inti  Cru/ 
conr.it-s  it  I  ::'.'lilh  and  l:;lh  catiioiu-.,  and  (jerman 
.Muravi.'i.i;  ;   tiure  1 .  .1  Imali  aumiier  ot  Daiiei. 


PORriMT-l,  l-l  A.M.^S  in  AM!  RIC'.\. 

0\    I  lie  colli  ot'  IV.  i/.ii  irr  three  ill.ind--  belon-ing  to 
the    Pi'iiugjele,  vi.'.    !  er.iaiido  de   Noro..i,  St. 
Barbara,  atid  St' Catli.-.n:,.'' . 

hi  rn.iivJo  dr  ,\:iroiia  li.-  ::\  j  deg.  50  niln.  llmth  la- 
titU'!,\  It  i<  but  Ima  I,  ..:v\  111  a  tew  plates  only  iiil- 
Ct'])liblc  ot  till.ige,  oa  n^  tj  a  want  ot  m.iilbiiv,  lor 
tlirov'L''i  learcit}  01  water,  the  ilhuiel  is,  in  general,  bar- 


ren. There  arc  only  three  liiuill  brooks  in  tlio  inland 
;  arts,  liinaniiode  Noiona  has  two  liajboiirs  laiable 
I  ri.iei\ing  lhi[)s  ot  biiilheii.  1  1^  re  are  two  lorl> 
iiu;h  ol  ll  )ne,  ij  Ueiuus,  aiul  well  provided  with  arlil- 
lei ;. . 

1  he  inlubitants  conlilt  |)rincij  ail\  ot  the  troops 
iroiu  iJr../.il  lent  thither  l>)  w.i)  ot  delcnce,  a  tew  poor 
r.-.m;l:i  ,  and  lome  liuli.iio.  iiicre  are  loiiic  cattle  on 
the  ll!  I.  dreai  ;)kr.ty(l  lilh  are  taken  i:i  llit-  har- 
bours, and  turtles  ai)ou!.u  in  the  leahiii,  wIikIi  i,-,  l.i  ui 
Dectml'er  to  ;\pril.  Tiie  Fieiuli  iiiav  e  a  ieltlcment 
on  tills  lilaiid  in  ly.^S,  but  were  toixed  10  retire  b)  the 
I'oruiguele,  who  then  unt  a  colony  over,  and  elected 
the  loru  already  mentioned. 

St.  IJaib.ra  is  lituateil  in  lis  dig.  6  niin.  louth  lati- 
t'.i.:,.  ll  :s  im.di,  leriile,  but  thinly  inhaliited,  and 
haxi.ig  iM  cij^acious  harbour,  is   very  little  Ireijuented. 

1  he  illand  ot  St.  Catiiaiinc  lie.^  111  laiituile  27  tleg. 
45  inn;,  truth.  The  loil  is  tortile,  ireduiing  ihveis 
kii.w.i  it  Iruiis  Ijiontaneeully  I'he  woi.ds  arc  vtry 
tnigraiit  tioiii  the  aiOii.iiiC  trees  and  lliiiibs  with  which 
the)  abound,  lleie  is  a  Ipccies  ot  b..ick  tattle  relcmb' 
ling  luiiiidiK'b  ;  alio  luoiikics,  parrots,  and  iilu.iiains. 
The  I'.;'.:  hours  and  b,i\-  are  llored  with  lilli.  1  he  water 
is  giMid,  anil  t.iund  in  \.iiious  part.i  1  t  tiie  illanil ;  but 
ih.c  r.i.-  is  i  ir  iioiii  being  l.siuuri,  us  the  country  is 
ovcnjiread  with  a  v.;pour  all  the  night,  and  a  great 
I  art  ol  the  nioining,  which  coiitiniji.s  till  the  lun  gains 
Itreiigih  to  diilipate  11,  or  it  is  dilj.eneJ  by  a  briik  lea- 
bree/.e. 


A'  /.  //  ■    D  I ."  C  O  r  E  R  I  E  S. 

Tl.RRA   1)1.1.  FLLCiO. 

JrriVii!.  h'iij't  int.'ijie'.u  viib  the  nn'ives.  Their  maa- 
i:cr  of  !-(btiV!  iir.  IiuHcnh  en  tij'it>!ii-nj^  n  tiicnatiiin 
in  fiitji  if  pliui/s.  Si\(;ui  inlfriuiv  ictU'  tti:  natives, 
D  nrip:::.)!  of  ihcir  fiTjons,  tiiy/i,  exlruciiiinary  de- 
cH)  iitniiS,  Jciii,  bal ilr.!:t>ii,  funiiiure,  iveapons,  ca- 
iir.ci,  iir.mtcii,  i/iydi,  fijh,  ivjcfls,  jLiiili,  govern- 
weiil,  in:  ion,  (jc.  Dt/iiipli(,ii  of  j'omir  p.irts  of 
Tt-'ii!  li  i  iiicgo  '-.•ijitcd  iy  Lajitain  Cook  en  his /C' 
coi.d  vcyagc, 

Ij'OR  '.he  moll  icciir.atc  defcription  of  the  illand  of 
*-  'i^Tiaikl  l-uego,  or  the  l..iiul  of  l-'ires,  ^lo  called 
trom  a  \okano  which  emits  I'.imes  vilible  at  a  great 
ililiancei  we  have  recurred  to  the  account  ot  our  cele- 
brated nav'galor  Captam  Couk,  as  moll  particular,  au- 
theniic  and  uitertainnu;. 

WWw  Captain  Ccoii,  upon  his  lirfl  voyage,  fell  in 
with  'I'eiia  dil  huego,  abi.iit  ;i  leagtics  to  the  wefl- 
waid  ot  ihe  Strait  ot  I.eMaire,  trees  were  pUinly  to 
be  tiiilinguillKil  by  the  ainilance  of  the  glalies.  As 
our  people  came  nearer  the  land,  tluy  ihlcovered,  in 
lome  l|.of.,  jiauiie.s  ot  Ir.o'^  on  the  lide  of  the  hills, 
and  the  lea  ^o.ill^  ap])eared  to  be  covered  with  a  beau- 
tiful verdure.  J'lic  hills  are  lofty,  .ind  the  fumniits  of 
tlicni  i|ui'e  naked.  The  li)il  in  the  vallies  is  rich,  and 
ot'  a  cor.lideia'ile  dej'ih.  :\\  the  font  ot'  ever\  hill  is  .1 
brook,  the  water  ot  i^imli  has  a  redihlh  hue,  but  is  by 
no  means  ill  tailed.  (Mpt.iiii  Cock  fi\',  that  it  iiroved, 
upon  the  whole,  the  bell  that  was  l.iken  in  during  the 
voyage. 

They  ranged  the-  coaft  lo  the  Strait,  and  had  foun  I- 
illg^  all  the  w,.\  Irom  40  to  10  lathoms,  upon  a  r,ra- 
vclly  and  tiiiidv  botloni. 

The  moll  remarkable  lands  en  Ti  rra  del  I'uego  are, 
an  hill  ill  the  lorm  of  a  liigar  loat,  which  llands  on  the 
well  fide  not  tar  trom  the  lea,  and  the  three  hills  called 
llu-  Tiiiee  Brothers,  ah.oui  nine  milis  to  ilic  wellward 
ol  Cape  Si.  Die -o,  the  low  poini  il.ai  loriiis  the  north 
entraiueof  llie  Sirait  ol   I  ..i  Miire. 

The  ill.iii.l  ot  '1  err.i  del  1  uego  lit',  between  5.3  and 
55  degi\es  ioiitl,  latitude. 

2  When 


When  tlie  lliip  was  br 
(ioi'.l  Suciels,  C'i'ptiliii  C 
i.ied  liy  .Mr.  J.iuxs  ami 
Vvateriii^  pi.uc,  and  coi.t 
whom  h.id  cuiuo  i'l  Ug 
hoard  lide  ot  ,:h:  b.u , 
lino  )th  w.'.ter  and  j^,  lod 
1.1  li.'.a  >  loo.i  mule  tliii 
l..,i,l'.'  I).  ..V  ll,  on  tiie  oih 
th'-  iiuiirK  |-  ol  oui  ]..o] 
tlleV  reireaie  1.  Mr.  bai 
vaneel  :iiioiit  ico  \ard: 
tao  ol  ihe  liuh.in-,  1  -i 
loille  pa^e^  tow.irds  ihci 
came  uo,  liie  lndi.;;is  ro 
.1  fmail  llivk  ia  !.i^  ban 
boia  trom  ihemlelves  am 
lideretl  as  the  renun^  iai 
peace.  They  tlien  walk 
pauioiis,  who  li.ui  li.i.t, 
them,  ,i:id  bjckoned  tlr 
tiivV  t.\\A.  They  were  lei 
ot  Irieiivilliip,  r.ii.l  in  r 
the. 11  f)  ne  iie.'.d  and  i.b 
oa  ihore  lor  t:;.U  pu:j  ■ 
greatly  d-iightedi. 

A  mulll.il   coiihdeiK'e 
fected,  the  jariics  joai.d, 
w.is,   became  ge.ieral,  .ii 
oar  peo, ';.    b.u  k   lo  tiie 
l)o.u\l,    o.ie   ..1     tlii.m   ('. 
tornied  ii.ucli   tiie  laaie  c 
Mo  if.  !'  'll.  ,iii-.\iiL-,    w!i 
reii  ',1  lu  .    I.  a  lire.       W  lie 
i.i!  )  .1  IK  .V  p.,ri  ot  tiie  II 
11  a   1^,  a    li.t  11  •  ca'.i.;iit 
a'l    his   io;i  e   lor    [••  .le    i 
v.jiee  eiti;-;'  to  oar  ]  10. 
eat  foiue  biv.vd  .lad  beet, 
plealirv,  though  lueh 
they  did  not  e,i;,   they 
would   not   fwM.l.o.\    ,1 
Ihey  ])Ut  t'.ie  glaS  to  li 
liquor,  they  reiu.n.d   it 
diigufl. 

'I'hey  .appeared   to   h 
curiolity,  as  thev  we::l 
another,  ,ind  looked  .u 
that  every  moment   pre! 
c\preliioa  ot  uoi-,i.ler  or 
of  ihe  fuppoled  priell  I 

Th,-  natives,  .ifter  h 
c.xiiieliLil  a  delire  to 
pained   them,  landed   i 
them  to  their  ci  ni!<,ai.i 
the  f.inie  V. leant  iiidili' 
on  bo:ir  I  ;  I  )r  as  on  o 
n^  Is  ill  relaie,   ii)  on    ti 
a:rioili\  to  heai,  how 
they   had    leen.      Whe 
oii'er  g  iitlemcn,  willi 
out    t:oni  llie   li  'o,  wi 
ir.ite  .u  lar  as  11..  \ 
at   ni.'ht,  the    hi!l>,  w; 
to  be  ])aiily  a  wood 
a  1  ire  roik.     Mr.   I 
wool,    a:id    ni.uj.j    no 
llii'uid,   in   ,1  coinilrv 
Milled,  liiid  plain-,  will 
hi-  lib.iii;-, 

'l'lu\    erUrel    the 
liltle   lo  the  welli\.iiil 
tiiiued  to  afceiid  the  li 
lor  leveial   houri,  hit 
places  tliev  iiiiend.''.i  1 
wluit  Ihey  had  la'.xen 
<lifa|ipointmeiit  tluv   I 
low  bullies  of  bin!), 
No.  4(ji. 


#■ 


AMI  RICA.] 


N'  O  R  T  II     A  M  E  R  I  C  A. 


537 


11   till-  Inland 

lours  lapahk- 

111'    twii  lorti 

J  witli  artil- 

llic    tnxjjis 

.'  ti'A  j  i.uir 

iiul  laiui  (111 

i:i    I  lie  l\ai- 

ilkll    is    f.VIll 

a  lftlli.iiiii:i 
IllllV  1>)   il.c 

and  iivcud 

liiutli  lati- 

liaiiiud,  and 

ic  (rcqlK'iltcil. 

itiidi'  27  deg. 

II.  iiii;  ilivii's 

■^i^  arc  wry 

15  Willi  u  lin.li 

atlL'  Rkmli- 

.d   |/lK.iJai:is. 

I  he  watiT 

illand  ;   but 

ic  t\.u;ury  is 

and    a  great 

the  lun  gains 

)}  a  biilk  ica- 


fiS. 
). 

'lli.'r  aidii- 
■iii;  a  mcuHtain 
:b  tL'i:  natives, 
ruorilinary  de- 

■ZCl'dpOlS,    Cll- 

Liiilj,  govern- 
jlmf  p.irts  of 
jt-'k  en  his  /e- 

i  the  ifland  of 
res,  (lo  tailed 
hie  at  a  great 
n\  (it  (iiir  eele- 
partitular,  au- 

(lyage,  fell  in 
.•s  to  the  wefl- 
ere  plainly  to 
le  glalli."-.  As 
ihteiiviTeii,  in 
Je  iif  the  hills, 
I  with  a  beau- 
he  luinmits  (it 
les  is  ri(  h,  and 
ever)  hill  is  a 
hue,  but  is  by 
hat  it  proved, 
111  during  the 


rul  hail  loun  I- 
,  upcin  a  j',ra- 

(kl  bu^'go  are, 
1  llands  on  the 
iree  hills  (ailed 
I  the  well  ward 
nils  the   iioiih 

leiueeii  5,]  and 

When 


\Vlie;i  the  ihip  was  broui;!it  to  anchor  in  thi:  Bay  of 
(IikkI  Siiceels,  Ci /•/<;///  Colk  v.ent  un  ihore,  accoiiipa- 
i.ied  liy  Mr.  ii.iu;v:i  ami  i)r.  Silaadcr,  to  loi,k  tor  .1 
ViAleriii^  piaie,  and  tohler  with  tlic  Indians,  leveral  oi 
ivhoiii  11. id  eoiiio  i'l  li.;hi.  Hie)  landed  mi  die  llar- 
hiiaid  tide  ot  i;ie  l>ay,  iie.ir  Lmie  101.I. -,  v, ni(.ii  made 
lull  nil  w.Uer  and  t,  xjd  landing;  ihm)  or  turi)  cjI  t!ie 
1.1  li.'.ii'.  I'Hi.i  \\\\\\i^  linir  apptaia:.ie  ai  the  end  ot  a 
1,1, 1. IV  I).  ..V 11,  I'll  liie  oilier  lide  id  ilie  b.i; ,  Iv.ii  te.  in^ 
til-  iiuiiiKii/l  mil  |,i.ii|'le,  whieli  was  tea  iir  tutlve, 
tiKV  leireaie  1.  Mr.  Ijaiiks  and  Dr.  S  .iAMiier  then  ad- 
vaneel  aiiniu  ii^o  \ards  beloiv  lue  red,  upon  whieli 
two  ol  ill'.'  Indians  1 -iurn-a,  aiiil  having  advanced 
lu.iie  p.Ke-.  losvaals  ihein,  lal  liowii  :  as  loon  as  tiiee 
tame  11. i,  liie  l:idi.'..'is  roie  ;  .  lul  e.ie;i  ot  them  liavii.o 
a  liii.iil  Ibek  in  hi-.  Ii:'..id,  i!irei\  it  a.\.i_>  in  a  direciion 
b;)ia  t  0111  liieiulelves  and  ihe  llra:!gers,  v\hieii  was  eoi.- 
lidcred  as  the  renuii.  iiiiioii  ot  weapon.,  in  token  of 
peace.  Tiiey  then  walked  briikh  lonai'tls  their  eom- 
p.t!iioiis,  who  li.id  ha,l.i.l  at  about  litiv  \arc!s  behind 
them,  a.'id  b:ekoned  i!ie  gjiuiemen  t  <  l.iho.v,  whieh 
tluy  dl.l.  They  weie  uceue  I  wiih  inanv  uiieiuth  llj;n-, 
ot  IrieiiJlliip,  and  in  reiurn  ihey  difin-mted  among 
the.n  I'lne  iie.id  -  .uid  llbilOl.^,  wi-.i.h  iuai  be^ii  bruuMii 
on  lliore  tor  t;;,u  purp-jle,  and  VMiii  v..,;i.h  tile',  were 
greatly  ileiighieil. 

A  mutual  eonfulence  and  good-will  bein;',  thus  ci- 
iVeu'd,  the  j.aiiies  jo.ii.d.aiid  the  i.ori\ei!au.,>!i,  :iiCii  a-  ir 


thai  it  was  neeellary  to  lift  the  leg  over  thcni,  which  at 
every  Hep  u.i.  buiuU  ar.ilc  tkep  in  the  toil.  To  ag- 
gravate the  lain  and  diltieull)  ot  lueli  iiavelling,  ilic 
we.iiher,  wlikli  hilherio  hud  been  veiy  line,  muei!  like 
one  oi  our  bright  (i.i\s  in  Mm ,  t,ei.anie  giooiiiv  ami 
cold,  with  iudtUii  bialt.  ot  a  mutt  j-urejig  wii.d,  ac- 
oiupaiiied  Willi  Inow.  '1  Im  j,uihed  lorwaul,  however, 
ing.jod  Ijiiriis,  notwiihnanding  I'leir  Jaiigue  ;  Init  v\hcn 
t.'ny  h.id  got  aboui  t.>o  tiii.ii,  over  thi-.  woody  t'wanip, 
Mr.  Muchan,  one  ot  I'.ir.  l-ianks's  diau.  lit  linen,  was  un- 
haj.p-ily  iei/.ed  Willi  .1  in.  'Hi.  lu.uie  it  lieieiliirv  tor 
the  whole  eoiupaiu  to  l;alt,  ;'.:id,  a  il  wa--  imjiollibie  he 
iliuuld  go  an\  tanner,  a  li'-e  was  ki-idled,  and  thole 
wiio  were  mod  l.itiuu.a  were  lett  l\!:inil  to  take  care  of 
hmi.  Mr.  Banks  and  the  i/il  er  giniiuueii  went  on, 
and  in  a  llK/rt  time  reaelied  the  lumiiiit.  As  boiaiiills, 
they  were  abundantly  gi.;tiliid  b\  linding  a  variety  of 
plants,  which,  with  relpect  to  the  Aljiine  plants  in  \.\x- 
rope,  are  c.\ae'dy  wiiai  iliote  plants  are,  with  relpeC-l  to 
ILK  11  as  grow  ia  the  ]ilai;i. 

Tiie  coid  na.  iiww  bvi'ome  more  fevere,  and  tiieliiov/ 
blalLs  more  iie(|uent  ;  the  il.iy  alio  v.a-.  lo  far  Ipeiu, 
thai  it  was  touiid   imiHi'l'.ble   to  'jei    b.'i  k   to  ihe  iini) 


•.V)i 


iin2,. 
1." 


To 


fi- 


ne ii.g.ii  on  Ilk  11  a 
a  e!:iliate,   \.,'.'    1!  .1   oii'i\  coiiil.  .1  iL-jk, 
coukl  not,   l.o.\e...i,  be  avci>ied,  a.iii 


was,  became  ge.ieral,  aikl  tnive  ot  Hum  ace'-mpaaied 
our  peopl.  b.u  k  lo  tiie  iiiip.  W'iien  they  camo  on 
board,  o.ie  ..1  lli..m  ilu;  /oled  to  be  a  jiriell)  pe;- 
lormed  n.uch  tiie  :a:ne  i  .'remonies  as  are  deicribed  by 
Mm!.  !'. 'ii.  .lirAiiL',  w.ii'Ji  iie  is  ot  opinion  were  of  a 
reir',1  ili  L.ture.  W'luii  ti.is  p.eiloii  was  iniioiiuced 
i.itj  a  ik'.v  1  .ai  ot  iiie  iliip,  orv.iien  any  thing  he  li.iii 
11  ii  !e.  11  b.t  1!  ■  ea'.iyil  l:i>  aileiuion,  Ik  lii.iut.d  wii.i 
a'l  Ins  iiKee  lor  l.'.ie  minutes,  wil..,iut  directing  tils 
v.jice  either  10  o:i:-  ;  1..1,  le  or  hi^  companions.  Tiie) 
ear  t'ume  brci-l  .lad  beet.  Inn  iv.it  apparently  with  much 
pleaiu'e,  lliou^'i  lueh  jMri  ot  what  was  given  them  a,. 
tliev  did  no!  eu,  th.-  i.iok  av  .i)  witii  them,  but  tliey 
would  not  fw',il:>..\  .1  drop  i.f  either  wine  or  fpirits  : 
they  jait  t'le  ghi's  lo  llieir  lip-,,  but  iiaving  tailed  the 
lii|uor,  they  retu.'ii.-d  it  with  very  ilroiig  expreliioas  ot 
diiguft. 

Iht-y  ajipeared   to   have  veiv  little  of  the  palkon  of 
curiotity,  as  thev  we;:t    from   one    jart  it   the   llii])  lo  j 
another,  .ind  looked  at  the  great  variety  i.t  new  objee 


)elo'-e  the  next  1 
I  nuiuniaiii,  in  !!.:■ 

but  dreidt'ul  :    It 

I  they  Were  to  pro\ii!e  fjr  n  a-  Weil  .1    oi,,.i'.,i,.. 

\\  liile  thi-y  were  g.n.n  i,  v,  the   ii!,..ii>    two  of   ihc 

I  co.n:  any  went  b.ui.  10  ihe  i!..ar ,  i;tii'.:.:i  anil  tiie  peo;ne 

I  ih.ii  were  witn  fim,  wiiii  ii.Ti.',..iiis   10  luring  tnein  to 

i  an  kill,  uhicli  it  was   t'..Ai';!'i  ia\  ;a  .1  lea.r  r,;ui  tor 

I  reluriiMig   to   ihe   wo.'ii.   a...!   wh-.ii  '.-.as  iherei  .M'e  ap- 

i  ])oiiitLd  as  a  geti'jial  r.i.  i./.vo'a  . 

!       Ti.ei.'ahole  eom.iam  .'iki.  .■..k\  at   tl, 
I       .      .  •     I     .     '  .     .  1 

and,  iiiiUL^ii  jiiiiche.i  \,n..  nu  i_.'..k  w,'. 

fpirit.H.     The  drauglitl:...:  >   ..1:1,    ,1    ;.;■■! 

I  lirenglh   in  a   mui..!   ,.,.eaer  li,.^.    ii..i 

I  been  expeciei.!.     Ti.ou-'i.  ii-.).-.-  u. ;.      1    :,t 


ren 


moii-.ing,  It  was  ibll  da\-:i,',i:i. 


and   i.i.v   I'l 
lor  the  iicaiVil  valley,  .M..  l5a;ik-.  hii'ikU   un  ! 
to  bring  up  the  rear,  :i:;l  ke  tl-al  no  Ii!.ii2;e: 
behind;  a  caution  ih.il   lu  m  Uj  pe.i.r..a  i  )  be  ul 
mi.ii  importance. 

i)r.  .Solander,  who  liavi  more  tl.ai  once  cvi 
mouiiiains  which  divide  .S,\^,u.i  ui  a  \.;:  ,; 
knew  that  extreme  cold  p.-.du'es  a  iVs-^iiuJ, 
idinoll  irretillilile,  and  therelo.e  c  -ajmeo  llie  1 


ii  .v.-Mi:, 
ik.,  ..nJ 
a  his 
.1  i.a.- 
.  in  tiij 
tui-w.--d 
!  'riaki.ig 
■va.  leic 

liiC    Ul- 


;"ed   the- 
>,    well 

t:  at  is 

i.i; 


I  1 


ji  iiK)\  iii;.r,  however  |  aii.lu'   it   nv; 


be. 


any 
lbs 


that  every  monieiu   |)relented  tiiemUlve-,  without  an'/  |j  w.irds  were,  "  Whoever  lit 
cxpretlioa  01  woi-.vler  or  |)lealurc 


s  ll'.i.'.  11   V  I 


II    tl 


r 


M   W 


l.)r  the  vociteratiohs 
of  the  luppoted  priell  teemed  I'l  be  neither. 

The  natives,  .ifter  having  been  on  b.'.ird  two  hours, 
ex])i\lied  a  delire  to  <go  on  ihore.      Mr.  H.iaks  a..e.)m- 
paiiied    them,   laiuled    them   in    lafct; ,    ami  conducted 
them  to  iheir  ci  mp.inltjns,  among  whom  lie  remirked 
tile  laiik  v.icaiit   inditleivnce  as  in  thole  who  h.ui  been 
on  birvl  ;   I  ;r  .Is  on  one  tide  ti'cre  ap.'.i.-.ired  no  ea;i.r-  ! 
IV  b  .0  relaie,   i  >  on    ihe  ollur   there  leeiiied  to  be  no  i 
u.ri'iiii',  to  lie.u,  how  ilkv  hail  been  revcived,  or  what  ; 
they  h.ui   feea.     W  hen  Mr.  Hanks,  Dw  Sol.iialer,  and  I 
oilier  g:nlleiiieii,  with  their  attendant-,  and  lervaiits,  let  \ 
out   honi  llie   Ibp,   wltli   a  te.v  ol  the  men,  lo   pi. lie- j 
li.iic  .IS  tar  a-i  11..  \  (..luid  into  the  couairv,  .lad  ivtu'ii  j 
at   iii.'ht,   the    hiii-,  when  viewed  at  a  d'ikiike,  Kenied 


ever  lleeps  will  wake  no  more."  Tin  ugh  tiii;.  ..dmi'- 
nilb.ed,  tlie  cold  became  luddenlv  'o  li  te.l,-  .■  lo  p;.i- 
duce  the  efllcts  moll  (headed.  Dr.  .>-  land.r  himielf 
w.is  the  tirit  who  touiul  th.-  iacimaiii  'kaj,.'.: 
Ii.id  warned  others  a^  irrelillible,  aii<!  i  ,lilL. 
luliered  to  lie  down.  Mr.  Banks  in  v.iin  r^.i,  .nil Mieo  ; 
he  la\  down  upon  the  ;:riHind,  t!;oi;^Ji  ii  v.  '  .  c-vered 
wall  lianv,  aiki  it  was  wiili  preat  di.ii.in.     l.i^  hn.!iil 


u 


r 

wi.icl;  he 

01  being 


keei)  him   trom  lleoping.     Ricliiaoi. 


■lis 


i-ine 


ot  tiie  black  fervants,  bi.g.'.a  t.i  linger,  laiv  i'lg  iLitilred 
Iroiii  tiie  coid  in  tiie  lame  manner.  Mi'.  Biiilo,  pieie- 
l.ire,  lent  live  of  the  c.iiiipanv,  aiin-ne  ;i  ^.m  w.is  ^k'•. 
Kiieiian,  torwar  !  to  pnpare  a  lire  al  11. e  liii  ci'.v  i.r  nt 
pl.ae;  while  liimlelt',  vmiIi  l.riir  otlier-,  reii'..:i'..'o  .  iih 
the  Docior  and  Rieliii, 'iv',  wliom  j'..ril\  by  i^riualioii 
and  entreat),  a:.d  pari:\    V;    I'on^,  tliev  bri.'u;;!i£  on. 


to  l\-  panlv  a  wiukI,  ]'iiily  a  |ilam,  and  above  liu  ni  j: 

a  1  ire  rock.  .Mr.  b.inks  hoped  to  g.i  ilirough  tiie  ij  but  wh.eii  they  had  got  ti,iuue,ii  the  greatell  pan  of 
wool,  aa.l  m.ule  lU)  doubt  but  la.ii  b.-^oiRl  11  he  |;  ti.e  bii\!i  and  I'w.uiip,  the.  boih  (kclared  tiay  coliKI 
lliii'alil,  in  a  count  rv  wlikh   no  bota.ilit,  ii.ul  ever  yet  ij  go  no  farther.     .Mr.  B.mi-.s  agai 


n  I  :are;'ti.',!  and  e\; 


vilited,  liiid  phiiUi  wliieli  would  abuiidaiilly  coiiijielilate 
111-  1  iliour, 

Tlu)  eri^rel  ihe  woo.!  at  a  fiuaU  f.iivlv  beach,  a 
little  to  ihe  welliwird  o|  ihe  wauri.ig  pl.ke,  and  con- 
tinued to  alceiid  the  hill  liiroiigh  the  (athlels  wiliiernel's 
ior  kveial  hour-.,  betore  the)  h.kl  a  iie.ir  vi.vvol  ihe 
places  thev  iniendjd  to  villi.  S.ion  alter  they  reai  iied 
wli.it  (lay  had  taken  I'cr  a  plain;  but  to  ilieir  great 
dilappoiniment  ihey  found  it  a  twami)  covered  \\'\{\\ 
I'JW  bullies  of  bin  !i,  and  lb  iiiienvoveii  and  llubboni, 
No.  4y. 


i.e.ed,  but  wiilkuit  eilecl.  Wlien  Riciimmid  v.as  told, 
tliat  it  he  did  iioi  g'j  on  he  wi..uld  le  t.o-.vi.  t  1  dcili 
111  a  r.kirt  time,  iie  aiilweied,  iliat  lie  ■..elir.d  no.hiiig 
Imt  to  lie  down  .ind  die.  Doctor  Solan. ier  did  an  t.j 
explicillv  renoiiike  his  lite:  he  t.dd  lie  v.as  wl.ii.gto 
go  Oil,  but  th.lt  he  naill  tirll  lake  l'.':'',e  Ik -.  p,  li.ic.ith- 
Ikinding  his  loriiicr  deelaraiioa  that  whoever  )k-,  t  v..  ukl 
wake  no  more. 

As  il   W.IS  impollible  to  carry  tlicm,  and   liiere  was 

no  remed) ,  they  were  both  luliered  to  fit  dawn  on  the 

6  U  ground, 


IM' 


f*  : 


F 


|it.!;iiiJ*?l 


p. 


!<"''  » 


^^ 


^n  'i 


m' 


AW\ 


;\  M.W    ,-,N..    \r'llir.N  ilC    SYS  1  KM  o^ 

u\  ;i   U',v   niiiuiti.-',   liuv   III!   i;Ui)  a 


ino- 


539 

prouivl. 

S<K,n  alter  Ionic  .-I  ilmk-  xs'.io  !i;ul  bcm  kat  ti.iu.u-.  | 
rdiirnal  '.v!',;.  ihi'  '.vdo.in:  n.'.vs  tluit  :i  tuv  u  i-  Uvv.M  • 
about  .1  i;u.i;icr  .^i'  .i  iml-'  l.irtlunMi.      M".  Kn..^^  t.a:i  j 

l)l-.  S.p'.aiuil-T.    Wll.l.    llr.lll!',ll     IK'    h.i'l  I 

i„i>l  aim  'i!   lo!l   tin.   ii''.;  ft  lit'-  I 

111-,  lliois 

|.,v.\.i!'l  nii'i 


rMvrK''\i.  (H'.'M'.  \niv. 


AMIKI''^- 


nm   iKl't  li\i-  iii::'.'.;t 

linihs;  iiiul  till-  n,ii:iii's  \\cri-  io  liiiui-.k,  tii.u 

kll  troin  lii^  ItU.     II-'  <')iiUii!>'il  I  ' 

ru!.;i  :illiil;UHt'  as  onild  hi'  I'.iv,.-!!  hiiu  :   i>iu  ••':^'^'''";'''''i'''' 

I'l'iVaiii,   ;i!nl  .1  ti-a:i'.ui 

i  tKli.l  tlw  U'M,    I'li'.'uk 

|i).-.;i  .^  I>V'>  others  llu  ulil 


to  icU.v 

tlu'ivtim-,  k-li  liis  "ilu;i-  1'.'.  Is 
wi-.o  l-'Ciiv.".!  to  i-.:ivL-  liuil'iL-.i  iv.i 
:ittor  l'.i;ii,  i'ru;niiiiiii  th.;t  ,■       .       \, 

lie  llii!kisT,ilv  warmcl.  llii>  lli'-ukl  be  ivlie\c.l.  .N.i- 
U:iiil-s  witli  t;iv.u  ililikuliv ,  -n  i'ik-  1  hv.n  to  the  i;rc  ; 
ami  Kr.Ki  ati.r  k-ni  tuo  o\  the  I'eoi.k-  who  l,ad  ban  le- 

thc  alliihuu-.-  ot   tli'i'x  •.\!u) 


lis  Ills,  troiii  irilli  I'.iii^ue'.  aher  to  imromi.MljMi  .i 
It.  J  Ik'V  wi-r.-  ;i  loi.j,  liax's  iuiirii<.-y  thlbtit  iiom 
ihi]),  t!iroi.,;li  jiathk:  v\o.>;i',  lawhi.li  tlio\  ini{;l.i 
li.Ail.lci'ol  till  o\'.r:.;k»'ii  by  thi-  iiiliiing  night  ;  ami 
aut  h.iu.itj  pivpari'it  for  a  iminv.y  ot  ini-iv  ifi.iii  eiyji; 
oi  It'll  iioui-,  tluiruhok'  ilock.  c,t' riiiviiniii!;  proviiiio 
,\a-  a  Mi'iure,  v»!iiv.h  li.e'.  iuij.ii.'iial  lo  Hiuot  v.hrii  ihev 

it    e'slililv    liiviJcil,     Wuul-1    U'H 


n.\,    ai. 


u,.i.  li, 


rJ 


aiioi';'  laUi 


ti.ciii  h.:il  a  lu.al;  ami  llu-y  kiu'.v  lu'i 
li  iiMic  th.i'V  liii_  M  liiit'.r  Imiii  tlic  i-olJ,  ;i\ 
I'iiii  (.onlimie.i  to  I  ill  I  a  ilreaihii!  proot  ol  tin- 


I'.flluil,  hoj.iii'J 
h.ul    bt.ii    ktt 


that,  \Mtli   tl 
bchiilil,    lhc\ 


.'.hk-  to  b;-ir,^ 
a,\vake 


11 )  \wii.e 
rj  iri/c 
1,  ih.e 
10  be  ill 
rupjiok-d 
:  bv 
luiv- 
ra:n- 


R;v!,;noiul,  tiioiis;h  it  ini^ht  I'lll!  be  inipo.hbk'  t'. 

'  in  about  lialt'  a:i  hour  thev  liul   the  iivntiiieaii  'n  to 
Ux-  tiie  two  men  return  aloue.     'I'iiey  n.ioniKil  ii.em, 
that,  alter  tlic  inotl  minute  leurch,  tlie;  enuio   p.'.ib.er 
li!i..l  Rielri-a.-nd,  or   thole  wlio  had  been  !elt  'Aitii  iiuu  ; 
and  liiat  tlioui^ii  ih.e\  had  rej-.'^aleilly  llioute 
had  replied.     As  Mr.  Banks  was  e\j  leilmi;  h:s  lu'i'ii/e 
at   this  circumllance,  lie  miU'.l  a  bottle  d  ru'.ii.  If.e 
eonipaiiv'?  whole  lb)ek,  wlTuh  they  euntludee 
tlie  kiujiarkot  <!:u'  of  the  abreiue;.s.      It  w.v 
that  by  nie.ui.  ot  thi-,  Riehiivad  h.ul  been  rouk" 
the  t..i)  men  th.'.it  h.ad  K'.ii  iett  with  them,  and  that 
in"  drank  too  ireeivct   it  ihemkives,  they 
bled  troiii  the  pl.ue  wher.  they  had  been  kit,  ui^  le.Uvh 
ot  liic  lire,  inllead.'f  vv.'.iiini;  for  guid.es  ■'.ud  all.llaiii-. 

Ar.otiur  tall  ot  !'"i'v  t-ime  on,  and  (..>n;inu.d  iniel- 
lantl'x  Ur.-  I'vs.^  lu.iirs;  lo  that  all  h.-.pe  >.t  leeing  them 
af'a  '  at  kail  ahve,  wasjiiven  ud:  biii  ;n  loiiie  r.me, 
lo  l!  i;;e!ieral  \o\  ot  the  n.mpany  ;il  the  tire,  a  Ihouting 
wj,  lieAr.l  at  a  diliaiue.  Mr.  Hanks,  wul,  umr  otliers. 
imr.udutely  wnt  ouU  and  lound  i!ie  leainan  with  ii.li 
Oreni'th  eiioii'di  lelt  to  lhi-i>er  al mE,  and  eall  lor 
alliii.mee.  Mr.  Bank.  l..i\iii-  lent  Iniii  immediately  to 
the  lire,  proceeded,  b^  his  directions,  in  k-arth  ot  tlu' 
other  two,  v\ho.'n  he  loon  :itier  fouiui.  Riehnioiui  \sas 
upon  his  ie'is,  'Mil  not  able  to  jiii  uneloot  lxl"re  t;ie  j 
other.  Mis  coinpanii.n  w.'.s  lymu  ujion  the  jvouiid,  ' 
as  knlelefs  ^s  ;i  !;.,iie. 

Tl'.e  v,ii'>ie  tomj':.i)>.  wie-  now  e.illed   Imm  tiie  tire, 
ai-.d  an   u.'.ite'l  ait.mjt   was  made   to  earr\  thein  to  it, 
lull   witl'.'.ut   i.lti  i 
ti'  -•   fii'i'.v   vei\  de 
make  uav  tl.i-u;^!.'  ihe  1  uiIks  and  boj^s  ihemleive 


'11. e   niL;lit   was  e\irinKi\  dark,  i 
y  ;  1(1  i!;ai  timiing  it  very  ihii.euit  to  I 
ihe 


all 


ii    t 


o:il\  aiieniative 
that  h-M 


^.Itinj^  maiiv  lalU   in  the  attun 

v.a^  V>  make  a  i;r.    <"i  the  Ip'ot  ,   I. lit  the  k.i.'.v 

falkn.  aid  wa>  dlii  lali'iiz,   l)elules  what  a.i-   iiviment.i 

II.'   lli.lki 


wa>  dlii  lali'll^ 

.!!  in  .'lakes  tioni  the  trees,  reiider.d  it  i.',uah\ 

i.iu  .  .,;ie.;!  a  lo  kii'^ille  (;i.e  th.eiw  or  to  bim-^  an\  part 

uhith  li.id   been  kindleil  in   the  wj'.d  thither. 

.  ■.,  rtdeued  to  t!x'  mLlaner..dy  neCi.llity  ot  Ir.iving 

.<    \    \.i\tehes  |..  tlkir  I. to-,   h;'.vi:i^^  preM'.uih 

I  I'.ed  I'l   1"  i!.:i.s  !:■  ;n  the  tree  ,  and  I;  n  .id 

lar.K  l.iiid  >>\er  thein  In  .i  eonlid.  r..ble 


el  mat 
'Ih.y  .'.. 
I'.ii.  i.nl 
■:...  !e  tl 
a  I  A.i: 
h.i.'lit. 

.\f!er 
HM  I'ou,- 
leeii;.,,  ; 
w.e:  io  I 
aid 


i.'t  I! 

ull'i;  1'.'  t 
■  ,1  a  h;;,;, 


;e  li.;.  iirol  the  told  aiv.l  lliow  near 
f  .,i,e  ol  the  nil   Ixmn  M  lole  their 


ii.i  It.iie'H,  a;i,,iher<'f  Mr.  Bai-.k-V.  lervanls, 
t'.-i   it  was 
1'.  I    to   tl 


I.IL 


reliuided  he  liiull  die  belore 
he  i.iL.  i  1  iwever,  :il  leiii>,lh  th.y 
re.i.ihed  the  In.',  aeM  j.,  lied  the  mi'ht  i:i  a  lit'iatioii 
ilre.idt'ul  in  iil'-il.  a;rl  rendered  more  to  \.\  the  reimni- 
braiiee  ol  pal:  leve.iiii.  ,  ;i:al  liie  uneeri.u.ii)  ol  what 
was  to  eome. 

'i"lie\  '.vere  i.'.elv,'  in  n'-iml'-'-r  whe>  ha  1  kl  out  in 
health  and  Ipiriis  *>t  ihele  iwo  weic  luj.pokd  to  be 
ahta.lv  d..ad;  a  il;ird  wa,  (■>  b.id,  th.-it  it  ,\a^  .loubilul 
wliether  he '.vo'.ild  be  able  to  proeeeii  in  the  mor:p.'iii ; 
;uid  a  fourth  >  .Mr.  IJU'  ha.,    wai  in  danger  ol  the  leunn 


I'.O'.V   Illl 

l!ie  Inoi 

li'^our  vi  tile  e.imaie,  as  it  w.:s  now  the  iiiuli)  ol   luii:- 

nier  in  iii:s  pan  ot  the  worlil  ;  and  e\erv  thi;:^  iniplit 

lie  dre.u'.d  tioiii  .1  plucnoiiienon,  whieh,  tii  tiie  lorit.'- 

pondiii^  leai'on,  is  uuknowii  even  in  Nor-.vav  and  Laj^ 

Ian.!. 

Tile"  oiilv  obii'.t  \iiilili'  at  tjav-l-reak  was  I'no-.i', 
uhi(h  lei  med  to  Ik  as  iliiik  upon  the  tree.s  as  iijiiii  t!;e 
;.',nHi;i'.l ;  ar.^l  iiie  blalU  returned  1  )  treqiiently,  and  with 
tueli  violence,  that  tlie\  tound  it  impoliibie  (or  tluiii  to 
lit  lilt.  'I'lieN  knew  not  lunv  loiii;  thi'>  mifjil  l.ill,  ,ii-.d 
ii.l.l  but  loo  jiuali  ivatiin  to  aiiinvhend,  th.il  it  won:.} 
loniiiie  thetu  in  liiat  iklolale  tori.ll  till  tlu-y  i<'rilheil 
with  hur.aer  :ind  lold. 

A  d.'.u.'iit  liope  lucceeded  thel'c  ti  rrHle  apprclitn- 
ilons  ;  to",  :;';  iJUt  li\  o'clock  in  the  moi  ninii,  thev  dil- 
CDvered  ihe  pUie  ot  the  lun,  throuj;h  the  clouds,  uhiili 
we:e  liecoine  th.inner,  and  be^aii  to  Ir.ak  way.  Their 
tifil  lapj  V  ;'.s  to  know  whether  the  p^oor  wretches  iluv 
h.ad  been  oli!ij;ed  to  leave  anionji,  the  bullies  were  yet 
livin:;  :  tor  ll.ii  piirpoic  the',  ililpaK  lied  three  of  th'.- 
coi.ipanv,  who  toon  .liter  retmned  wiih  tiie  iiieiancliuly 
11'. '^s  ot  ilieir  death. 

i'.-.vour.iliie  its  appe.aranas  ha.!  lu'en,  the  I'miw  ir;n- 
lituied  to  tall  I'  tiiick,  as  to  prevent  lluir  leltino,  out 
ior  liie  liiip.  15i;t  abi.>ut  eigiii  o'cloik  a  liiiall  regu'ir 
bree/.e  l|a-aiV4  Ujs  which,  with  tlie  prev.-iilin;;  intlu.'nie 
of  tlie  tun,  at  knuih  cleared  liie  air,  and,  to  their  p^n-at 
jo\ ,  the\  toon  alter  liiw  th.e  liio.v  fall  in  1  ir!;e  (lakes  Irom 
tiie  treis;  a  certain  lign  ot  an  ai^pro-ieldng  th.avs'. 

It  was  now  deemed  e>.|>e:lieni  lo  e'^amme  more  ini- 
nuiely  into  llie  ll.ite  ot  iluir  iiivjlid-.  Hritcoc,  thoup^li 
he  remained  very  l^ad,  laid  he  lhoiiii,hl  himlelt  able  in 
walk;  and  .Mr.  Hue  hail  was  nun  li  belter  than  theie 
w.is  realon  to  e\pt\"l.  Tliev  were  now,  however,  jirelled 
bv  tie  calls  i.t  hunger,  to  whiili  every  other  conli- 
i  dvanon  mult  give  w.iv.  The}'  therelort-  coiiic  to  an 
unar.uiiou.s  leloiuiiou,  betore  they  lei  torvvard,  to  cat 
tliiir  vulture,  wiiieli  vva..  acconlingly  Ikiiinid;  and  it 
b.  ing  thoutrlit  bell  to  divide  it  liclore  itw-,  tit  to  l>e 
(..iteii,  it  was  cut  into  ten  portions,  and  evei-y  nun 
cooke',1  h.isown  as  he  thought  pri)pi.r. 

Alter  this  tkiider  nieal,  whuh  turnillieil  about  three 
moutltuls  eaii;,  they  prepareil  lo  let  out  ;  liut  ti  wa-- 
till  o'clock  biloie  liic  liiow  w.is  lo  t.ir  di lib! veil  as  to 
lender  their  I  lojjrel-.  praciiialile.  llaviiii;  ].rocc-cded 
about  ihrie  houri,  they  ivere  moll  agreeal;!',  liirpri/.id 
to  tiiid  theiiilelves  upoii  the  be.ieh,  and  much  jiearcr 
tlie  ihip  than  tiie\  had  realoii  to  e.xpect.  l.'pon  review- 
ing tiieir  track  tioni  the  veliel,  the\  |)t'rceived  that, 
inlhad  i!  aliiiid^ng  llie  hill  in  a  line,  lo  as  to  iieiictru.' 
ii.io  '.he  loui.t:''. ,  thc\  had  iiiace  ahriolt  a  cinle  round 
It.  On  their  aniv:il  on  board,  they  congratulated  each 
other,  and  weie  congiaiiilated  by  tlie  crew  in  getitral, 
wiiii  :in  e.',taly  ot  joy  that  can  only  be  conciived  b\  tiu  'i 
a.  h.ive  b'.eii  c.\j:oleil  to  cijual  il.mger ;  and  Citplii''. 
Cuk,  t'l  tlie  honour  ot  his  humanily,  obferves,  ili.il, 
as  he  lutl'ei'ed  lliegreatell  an.\ieiy  trom  their  iioi  reiuin- 
ir.y,  in  the  eveiiiiigof  the  day  on  whuh  they  let  out,  !■: 
1  .uiKipaied  ill  ii'.i  liiiall  tleorcc  ot  the  general  jov. 

liie  iK-a  time  iluu  Mr.  Bank',  and  Dr.  SolanJei 
\x^{\i  on  Ih'ire,  tln\  landed  in  the  bott'.iin  of  the  bay; 
aiul  while  the  teuiuen  were  em|ilo\i.d  in  cutting  brooms, 
they  |iuil'u'.d  their  I'/eal  ob|ee'l,  the  improVi.iTient  of 
natural  kiiowleili;e,  and  had  great  I'uccels  in  thecvllcc- 
lioiiot  Ihells  ami  pl.ints  hitherto  unknown.  They  .itter- 
wards  Mined  an  Indian  town.  When  thev  got  within 
a  lUKill  iJUlance,  I'vvo  ol  liie  people  came  out  to  ncct 

Uiem, 


tl'.em,  ■.'■••lii  li'''i  'bite  ; 
ti.em,  thiv  betian  t'>  h 
lliip,  \«iiboul  ai'.iiieitin 
J-  r.  i.r  ti.vir  lompai.i. 
li:a;i  ;i  sotiteraiiou  lor 
111.'  t  ..Ml,  v.'liicli  w.v-  ti 
1  i,e  natives  were, 
thirved,  Ixardlet's  r.ue 
(,i  the  rail  i»t  iron,  nv 
li.i  k  hair.  'Ihe  men  a 
'I  hell  llalliie  Is  tro'll  I: 
The  wi'inen  ar.'  .o.M 
in  geiv't'.l,  lionii  ai 
j^-uij-'y  |s,  ill  giieid,  ! 
^f  t!-!eir  '.v'lrds  liy  a  ton 
w.  it,.iise  lo  li.  ir  the  t 
oliilriii't  ii.  'I  '"■■'i'  '1 
<»u':ii.o'.-,  or  I'  .11,  llin 
la  the  ta.iie  iLite  in  wl 
|.Kie  of  the  tame  Ik  in 
tliTC'l  about  llie  ankk 
)1;;,;.  le'.ved  tot-etli.r, 
r  ii  hes  to  titer  ktiees 


one  (kin,   haidh 


ir.ve 


lie  lower   parts 
a  liinii  ll.ro,    ^i- 


and 
liave 

I'hcir  ilrels,  in  nootlu 
men.     Th'.  children  j 
inured  in  the!.'  iiit.inv;, 
l!i,'iu:;h  llu'\   aie  i  onte 
bilious  to  lie  lint  .     'I 
form^  ;  me  ivvi,ion  ot 
and  the  re.l  of  the  ttii 
(.f  red  at  id  b'.i'.k  ;  \<- 
alike.     Ti  i.ii.col'.lll> 
iliborate    upon    part 
iiiUi'.  e-  who  Inti-'Hluci. 
i     )    the    town,    weri 
bl.vik,  in  all  direction 
appeaiaiice.      Both  I 
.-Is  tiiey  can  make  the 
The  women  have  tlu 
.'li-,  ;  the  men  ui)on 
flic  tor  the  want  ot  1 
,1  kind  of   (illet   of    I 
'I'hev  Kt  :\  particular 
aiid  piiier  be.uls  eve; 
'1  heir  chiet  food  : 
are  coUc'led  bvth.e'.' 
at   low  water,  witli  ; 
cd  iind  bad'cd  in  d' 
They  h)of.-n  the  liii' 
to  the  roiks,  with   i 
batket,  which,  wh^ 
The  miifck's  a'c  "1 
c.uiiiol    proiiire   a 
other  Ibell-iilli,  nt'' 
i..urn's  ;    but  a-,   1 
h.ive  fo  f.'.v  implenie 
id  tor  the  purpoil- 
ili.'V  iue  freqiKi  lb 
'1  heir  habitat i":'. 
llrueliire.  conlil'in- 
fet  up  to  a.^  to  inn: 
the  top,  foriuiii;.',  a 
of  o'lr  beediives. 
with  a  few  boii;'hs, 
tide,  about  one  eigl 
for  a  door  and  a  h 
in  a  cotitiguous  pi 
of  wliiih  lite  eir.lKi 
The  t'.iraiturc  k 
little  grals,  which  ! 
for  ihiiir  and  bed  , 
incnts,  whicli  neci  I 
to  produce  anion.' 
only  I'eeti  a  batket  i 
at  the  back,  ami  tl 


AM!  RI>'\. 


A    M   !,  R    I  (■  A. 


5:9 


llllblll     llO.l! 

II  t\w)  ilU{;l'l 

-Il   l.'i.ui  i.'i;'ji; 
iiitii;  piDviho.T 

)'.|  vvliiwi  llu'l 
,  V^iiljl.l  II.  i| 
I'      klK'.V    111 'I 

li'.L"  I'olil,  n\ 

]/r'ii)t  <<l  lln- 

iir  hi   ot    kiii:- 

\'  I  hi!'.-^  (iiiplit 

III  liii-  <-.jn(.'- 
.v.\}-  and  Lji>- 

VV.U      I'lV-v, 

.1^  llpMl  tl   • 

■ntiy,  a;iil  w.tu 

lie  iij.'  tliiin  tl) 

iiif.lil  l.ifi,  .11:1! 

tli.'.l  it  «i!ii:,j 

i1a-\  i^tIiIkiI 

riCk-  apprcliin- 

II!!;:,     lil^-V  <iil- 

•  (.IdiuK,  wliii  11 
Iv  way.     Tl'i-ir 

WIVUllVS    till  V 

uIIk-;  u^Ti;  yd 

I   [Ur^\^  ot"  tliT 

tiif  iii'.'lar.L!;uly 

tlic  liKnv  iin- 
u  II'  Ic'itiii!^  (nil 
a  Iniall  a-jiuiar 
ailin<;  inlliK'iKi: 
I,  to  thiir  ^rcat 
ri^L*  /lakes  I  join 
Ing  tl'.aw. 
miiiK-  more  in;- 
Urikijc,  tliou;:;li 
liiiiiliit  abli-  ID 
Iter  than  then- 
iinvi-viT,  ])riirid 
ry  oilier  tonl;- 
la-  came  to  an 
torvvarJ,  lo  c.ii 
kiniiLil ;  ai.il  It 
it  u.;,  lit  tl)  Ik; 
aiiJ  evciy  niaa 

lu'i]  about  three 
ul  ;    hut  It  was 

(i:il'>lvi:ci  as  to 
viii;^  jnui-cdal 
.■i'al>l\  liirpri/vil 
:d  iiuitli  martr 
I  '|)on  rcvii-w- 
l>t.-i(iivi.'d  that, 

ai  ID  ])cncir:it^- 
I  a  ciuli-  round 
igratuLilL'd  caili 

rcAv  111  gcmra', 

lIKliwd  l)\   IIk  ■! 

' ;  and  Capla-.i, 
olilLrvi-s,  thai, 
licir  111)1  rt'iuni- 
tht-y  Wt  ciul,  !•: 
■iK-ral  JDV. 
d  Dr.  SolaivJii 
nil  ot  the-  ha\  ; 
Liittinu,  br.'o.'i.^, 
ii)|Mir,i.imiit  ot 
Is  ill  I  lie  culicc- 
.'II.  'I'hcy  atior- 
dicA-  (;ot  IS  il  hill 
K  out  to  -^iL't't 
tlicui. 


tl.vMii,  •.'.'•th  liii'i  1^  't'-'  i*'  ''i"y  i'"'i'il  :iiTi;iiu'.  On  joiiiiii;?; 
Hum,  tl'^v  iKt'aii  i>  hollow  as  liu'v  cli  I  on  l»..aid  ihc 
lli!'>,  vviib'ui  ai'.ilu-ilini!;  thi'ii.ti.'!v.-  riilurlo  tin.-  Ilrai;- 
.■  |.,  (^,-  11,  ir  I  (iii;|ai.ii)ns  i  and  haMi-;^  contiiincd  tl;;-. 
i;,.i:i;i.  xoiiii-ranoii  I'lr  It  i!K'  linv.',  ii>ndii>itd  tlitin  tn 
llv  I  i.\\\,  vvliiili  w.i    l'iiii!>.!  mi  a  tin.ill  liiil. 

I  i,v-  nalrn  •  \mu,  in  a|-i  laianci,  an  ludv,  !;;;!l 
lliiM'd,  Ik  .1  I'll  111-  lavr,  'lian-  mlour  U'ii'iiilikd  ll.  it 
(.1  iIk'  rvui  ut  troll,  ni'x^d  v.iih  o  1.  'riky  lia'.i.'  ioiw 
I)  .1  k  lian-.  'lln.-  iiKii  .MX- diiiiri.|.")riii'iii-d  in  lhi.:r  lonu. 
'i  htii  llaiuic  Is  tro'n  r.\i.  te.i  ciiht,  to  liv.-  ti\t  ten. 
The  wi'MH'ii  ar>-  lo.ilidi  talily  K'l-.  15 'tli  li-\r.  have, 
in  o.''vi- 1,  lionil  •ml  ''  v^i.d  alj.i'.-t  ,  'I  lu-ir  I..11- 
•'Ui'i' I-.  in  ;;.iici.il,  luiUurai,  ;iiid  lln;.  iNpreN  lo'i- 
[ I  thiir  -.vrds  Iv,-  a  lound  (.xaci'y  rvk-nilning  ih.u  \v!;i(  ii 
w.  n.akc  10  1 1.  ir  ilu-  tliroat,  when  an;  liiini;  liapiien-.  t.. 
(iliihau't  il.  Their  il.iilliiiif;  coiili',' .  ot  ilielkin-ot  1'  ■ 
<;u.'.:ii.-oe,  or  li  al,  tiiiovii  i>vcr  their  llviuldev,  e\u-'.!y 
la  the  '.a.iii-  Hate  in  whieli  it  i-;>i'ies  f'i"in  flu-  anim..!.  .\ 
IK!  e  it  li.e  lame  Ikm  is  drawn  over  I'uir  f>il,  .■..  1  { /.- 
ill -ud  a'lovil  llu- ankle- like  a  pnde  ;   and  P.-o  or  t'lic- 


e.'i- 


!:,;,;,  I'ewed  !ive;!'.r,  I'l  a.i  ii  inaL-  a  i! 
t  li  hes  to  then- k;ue^  :  l>ui  llie  ili '.1  ir  \u\l  li.iv^  o:;l. 
line  (kin,  haidh'  'ar^e  en')iri,Ii  '"  i"  )>e:  lie  '  ■  llioiiulers ; 
and  t!;e  lower  parts  m:  ijuiie  trike  !.  j  iie  women 
|,,ue  a  rnnll  Hap,  as  a  \\v:c:  laneii!;i  tor  a  fi.'d.vi. 
riuirilret's,  in  noothener|e.t,  diif.-r.  tVoiu  tli.u  oi  t  le 
men.  The  chiiilren  j^o  e:uireiy  naked,  and  are  tlKl^ 
inured  in  their  inlaney  to  cold  and  luirdlliip:..  I'-al  ai- 
tli.ni'ii  I'lev  aie  lontenr  tohe  naked,  tlie\  ar^-  very  am 
Im!!"U'  to  lie  li'i' .  'I'iieir  taces  :ire  painted  in  vativa 
t'nniis;  tiie  iVi:,ion  ot  the  eye  v.as,  in  general,  wi/iie; 
and  the  re.l  ot  the  tuc  adirned  vvith  hori/.jntal  ;'.ie,;ks 
(li  red  aiid  b'ack  ;  5  el  Uarcely  any  two  were  e';ai'iiy 
alike.  T:  I.  li.coraiioii  feeiiis  10  he  more  prot'ule  aii.l 
iiiliorate  upon  pavtieu'.ir  oeealions ;  I,;-  ilu  1.... 
iiati'. e- will)  intnHlueed  M;'.  Kanks  and  Dr.  Solan';. r 
i  )  the  town,  were  .iluoll  eovered  with  ibeak  >  't 
lil.uk,  in  all  iliiections  li)  .as  to  make  a  very  lltiki,i;\ 
npieaumce.  Hoili  lexes  wear  bracelets  of  lueh  bead^ 
a^  iiiev  can  make  ihe'.nt'elves  ot  linall  llv.l!--  or  bones. 
The  women  have  them  both  upon  their  wiiil ,  and  an- 
.■les  ;  the  men  upon  their  wrilis  onlv  ;  but  to  eompen- 
laie  tor  the  want  ot  braeelet^  upon  their  leg-,  ih.ev  u.ar 
.1  kliul  ot'  llllet  of  browa  worlleil  about  their  he.ul>. 
Thev  Kt  a  jiariitular  \.ilue  ujion  any  thing  thai  i^  red, 
and  pnler  beads  even  lo  a  knife  or  hateliet. 

'Iheirchiet  tood  is  liiell-tilli  and  leah,  The  tornur 
are  eolle.-o.d  bv  il'.e  women,  wivn'e  liulineK  it  i-  to  alt.  nd 
at  low  waier,  wall  a  balket  in  one  hand,  a  lliek  point- 
ed and  bari'ed  m  ihe  oilier,  and  alauh.rl  ai  their  bael.'. 
'I'l-.ey  lool'.ai  ihe  limpet-,  and  oilier  r.ili,  that  ad,i,i.;v 
toiheroik-,  with  die  Itiek,  ai-,.i  pit  tiam  into  ilie 
balket,  whith,  whinnnl,  they  empi\  ii.ln  ihi  raielul. 
The  mull  les  are  '  if  a  \erv  line  llav>-iir.  W  h.-n  th.\ 
e.innot  i.roiure  a  I'utrKienl  liipp.ly  ot  lliele,  and  ilie 
other  Ihell-iilh,  nceelhiv  uigi  ^  them  to  leek  oiher  iv- 
fuiri'^  ;  but  a-,  from  their  want  it  itav.  ;mi:\-,  liay 
luvelot.A  implemer.is,  an-l  tliole  (i)  ba  lb  conlliiu-i- 
id  tor  the  [airpoie-  ..I  catching  a:id  delivn  ■■-j,  .'"imai  , 
ihey  are  treciiiei'lU  reiluced  to  llie  ut;-.i  ili  liit.re!-. 

'i  heir  habitaiii'n-.  arc  of  the  moll  rude  and  .iriitieial 
nnielure,  conlil'ing  if  nothi"g  ir.ore  tl;an  a  tew  j:i.-, 
fet  uploaitoir.cnnetinvardsca.il  other,  aiul  meet  at 
the  top,  formiii;',  a  kind  of  cone,  which  relemldes  liuiie 
of  our  becdiives.  On  the  weather  tide  ihey  are  covered 
with  a  few  bou'dis,    and  a  little  'jrals ;  at-.d   on  the  lee 

nd 


tir,  whlcli  the  natives  diink  ihroii^li  a  hole  that  i^  m.uic 
11 -.M-  the  I  ip  tor  that  piirpole. 

Their  we.ipoiii  iMiiiill  ot  a  bow  and  arrow.  Theit 
bows  are  indilli  rciifly  toriiuil,  but  the  arrows  are  e\- 
tnniely  neil,  bung  mule  it  wood,  ami  jm  jilhed  to  fhe 
highell  (ligi\e.  Ihe  point,  vshicli  is  of  glal»  or  lliiit, 
a:ii|  barbell,  i'-  foimed  .ual  lilted  with  woiideriul  i!e\ti;- 
nu.  Some  jaec.s  ot  j'JilV  >ii(i  tliiit,  unnrought,  were 
ieen  among  them  ;  b. li  !es  ring-,  but!  ins,  cloth,  and 
i.'.nva',  with  other  I'.uropean  commo.lities.  it  w.i- 
then,  e  iiilerred,  tl.a:  the;,  mull  lotm-'im-.'s  travel  to  the 
fordiw.trd,  a  ii  v\a.  many  ;ea!s  linci  an)  Ihip  had  been 
t.i  :  .X  t.u'l,  a  ihi.  [.art  ol  Tcira  del  I'uego.  Our  peo- 
pi  o')!.  r\..I  ilait  ih.ev  Ihe.ved  no  furiri/.e  at  their  tire- 
ar.l,.,  'Ailh  tie  u'.'.- ot'  which  tl.ev  ai.peareu  lo  be  veil 
;'Aeuaii!ted  ;  toi  tlu}  tn.ule  lign-.  to  Mr.  lianks  to  l!;(K)t 
a  leal,  which  t'ilov\ed  the  boat  as  the)  were  going  on 
lliore  iroiii  the  lh!|<.  'jhe)  have  likewile  dart-,  oV  i.i- 
thir  harpoons,  n-a!.-  of  bone,  and  (itted  to  a  llatF,  with 
whiih  liiey  kill  le.ih,  v.h.iks,  and  other  liili. 


Their  I  an  ).■ 


liia'lc    of  !■;; 


nd  in  each  was  a 


about  0:1  eighth  of  the  circle  i-  le'i  o;.en,  both 
t...r  a  door  and  a  nie-i'lace.  Ol  thi^  kind  \\eie  hu'  .  hei! 
in  a  cotitiguous  pl.ice  called  St.  Viiueni's  IJ.iv.  in  one 
of  whiihl'he  etr.iiers  of  a  lire  were  liill  remainiu;'. 

The  birniture  hen  was,  if  it  m:p  Iv  f)  calld,  a 
little  gral's,  which  l.iy  withindide  ol  a  hov  I,  and.  ler\ed 
lor  chair  and  bed^.And  of  all  the  utenlils  aial  impL- 
tncnts,  which  uecilhl} ,  or  ing^nuii.,  h.ive  coiuuiivd 
to  produce  amongll  oiher  lasage  nations,  lien,  were 
onlv  Ieen  a  balket  to  carry  in  the  hand,  a  faielul  lohang 
at  the  back,  and  the  bladder  of  liime  1)  all  lo  hold  wa- 


(he,  over  which  the  \'\x  iiT/..n  creatures  huddled 
theiiilelves  logethir.  C.p.'iliil  ('cck,  (;l)lerves  that  he 
couKl  not  fuppoie  the)  c.irried  a  lire  in  their  canoes  loi 
th.is  purpofe  o.ih,  bui  rather  that  it  may  l)e  alwav  -. 
read)  loremo'e  on  lliore  wlkreva  r  tlie\  land;  as,  let 
lliiii-  in.'tln)  1  ct  obtair.iiig  a  lire  lie  what  it  lu.iv,  tliey 
ci'.'ld  not  alwa\s  be  lure  .-f  lii.ding  fuel  tliat  would  kiii- 
di.  irom  a  fpark.  They  likci\ili-  carried  in  their  canoes 
l.u-.'.e  fctil  hide-.,  whieli  C^ntdhi  (. 6 'y/t  judged  was  to  lliel- 
le'-  themv, h.  n  at  li'a,  !■•  lerve  a^  coverings  to  their  huts 
on  llioie,  and  to  be  u;e.  1  oecaiioinll)  .as  tail  , 

.N'o  qua. Impede  were  hen  in  this  conntr'',  but  fca- 
lions  leal-,  ami  dogs.  It  was  deemed  remarkable  that 
liieledogs  barkcti,  wliicli  thole  that  are  origiiiahy  breil 
ill  ;\meriea  do  not.  Tliis  i->  aikluced  as  a  further  proof 
th.u  the  peoj^le  Ieen  lieie  by  our  vo)agerf,  cither  im- 
mediatel),  or  remote!),  communicateil  with  the  l^u- 
rojtean..  \\  hen  Mr.  Ikinks  afcciided  the  liighell  hill, 
in  hi:,  e.\pedii!oii  through  tiie  wooib,  he  law  the  toot- 
ileps  ot  a  large  l.vall  imprinteil  ujion  the  fiirtiice  of  a 
bog,  though  he  coukl  not,  with  an\  probalnlity  g'.iefi 
ot  what  knul  ii  might  be. 

Tl'.e  wild  foe  1  are  lea-jiie:-,  lliags,  hawks,  vulture?, 
duck-,  geele,  and  a  laige  bird  c.illeil  the  I'ort  l:;gmont 
hen.  'I  here  Were  ikicks  tailed  by  our  peoj-'le  r.ace- 
I'.oile- ,  on  ,u.\ou.u  of  the  great  bvitinefs  with  which  they 
run  on  the  water ;  lor  they  cannot  iiv,  the  wings  being 
li'o  Ihort  to  Uipp.ort  the  boily  in  the  air.  Tie  geele 
here  are  much  linaller  than  thole  of  Kngland,  but  i:i 
tfuou.  e^jua!!'-  .tgree.'.ble.  They  have  Ihort  black  bilh, 
.UK  1  yellow  leei .  The  g.uider  ii  quite  white ;  the  feniali; 
is  1|. oiled  black  a;id  white,  or  grey,  with  a  large  fpot  on 
e;ahuMii.\.  1  lere  are  k\.ial  other  aquatic  birds,  and 
I'liie  land  ones  but  not  many  of  the  latter. 

Seaii  e  any  lilh  were  Ieen,  nor  could  our  people  catch 
atr  with  their  hooks  that  were  tit  to  eat.  The  Ihell-lilh 
weie  limpets,  ckims,  and  mulcles,  and  were  fouml  in 
alii!tid;itn.e. 

.Xmong  tl'.e  inleet--,  which  were  nut  numerous,  there 
Were  neither  gnat  or  mulketo,  nor  any  other  Ijiecies  that 
u.is  either  huriinl  or  troubleioiiie,  which  in  an  uncleared 
country,  was  deemed  extrakirdin.irv.  During  the  fiiow 
bi.ill..  i  which  haj  [Ktied  ever)'  da\  while  our  peo])le  were 
here)  the;,  hide  ihetiilelve  ;  and  the  moment  it  is  fair 
wetitlier  apjiear  again,  a-  niitible  .md  vigorous  as  the 
warmell  weather  could  make  them. 

The  labour  o'  the  botanillswiis  timply  rewariled  ;  for 
the)  U)und  avail  variety  of  plants,  the  far  greater  par: 
ol  which  were  wholly  ditteient  Iroin  any  thev  hail  Ieen  or 
heard  of  Ivtore,  but  cannot  be  enumerated  here.  0:':e 
was  le'und  pariieularl)  beneficial:  this  was  ihe  uild  co- 
leiy,  as  it  conttuned  antilcorbutic  i|ualities,  which  may 
be  ot  great  beiielit  to  the  crews  of  liich  ihij*  as  may 
hereafter  vilit  this  place.  Capt,iin  Cosk  ordered  largo 
quantities  ot  this  [ilant  to  be  put  into  the  leamens  foup, 
\sliicli,  thii>  meilicated,  produced  the  liime  llilutiiry  ef- 
tecb.    whii.h  llainen   gcaeralU    derive   from  vegetable 

diet, 


h 

i  • 

1 1 

II 

rM»bl 


"i    il 


It 


i 


mi 


540 


:i.\\ 


ASM) 


ALTIUNTIC  SYSTF.M  ot  IMM.RSXF,  {.HOCiRAl'F  lY. 


diet,  aitcr  Iliviuj?,  U\  u  K.ir,  k.oi»i'awJ 


1  t.)  t:x  u'x  ot  l.k'.i 


prov 


ili'in';. 


TIk-  ti 


CC  WIlH 


!i  IT  k!u,js  the  '.viiitcrs  b.;rls.  i-  knimii 


by  II-*  liriu-l  U-:it',  lliiiv.l  lii.j  Uk-  Uu:d,  dIa  l:j^lit  t',K;'ii 


col  'III'    wi 


tiu)iii,    ami    iiicHiiln''  ti>  IV.u 


ith 


Tl 


bark 


IS  i-aliiy  tui;'i 

I'l  knu.. 


..I 


tii.'s  arc  \M- 


Witii  :■ 


ii\c  or  iti 


ami  ii^  Mi"- 


])Olc 


T 


a-  a  i)iii'c 


:■.•  i   .i;l  la  >K\K's  o'.  '.nail  uvi-,  tlic  IknU':  \v..ii:i 


uli..!  I.'f  mil  I. A.;   I  ui- 


lU 


poiv  I  01  lick)  iiioir.iiaiii- witliMiit  till  I.ull  ipfiiaraiii  r 
ilMj;,' i'"'^'"'  ll'^lt'  lUi  uiii.iiiH  itrminaii  lu  Iturrul 
liriMj-ii-''.  v\h>li.  » r.i.ri;\  luiimiii>  limo  up  lo  a  \.ill 
liwi_,lit,  lo  liiat  hardly  ,i.iy  t!.'."^  in  iiaiuri;  laii  aiipcir 
i\it.i  a  nine  l)arri!i  a;i<l  i:i\\vi,c  aljiict  lliaii  tins  |  art  ol 


i'.".i!itr\. 


li 


I*    iiiaiul    inuuiilaiiii    wcri-    totirid 


wn  1 


lao.v,  but  titoic  oil  ti.t  lea  coail  w 


not. 


|\»  .1  I'.tiv  i  loiiiotiiorv  whicli  teru.i.j.iUil  111  i«r,  hji'li 


is  tr  iin  ;!0  to  40  ;.:.t  lii;^-,!).  a:U  tV  n.i  two  lo  tUric  Ua 


m  li'.-.i'iui 


.T  i  Kdliai  III  c.i.'v.  "t  iit.ciliiv  llw^  .voii'' 


1  lu] 


\>\\  a  lliic  '.v^ili  tojinul'.--.     I'iioy  aiv  a  li 
bear  a  I'liiaii  Icat,  a;i-l  clique  \\y\  i\..\'\. 

Crar.h.rrii's  grow  liiTe  o 
bitterilh  t.i'io,  rai;i.r  iiul;.i 


,:ov  are  a  li.'.lit  Aiuie  woj*. 


I  a  l^u'.'.i.  piant,  a;;il  i  .i\e  a 


1  Ul     111. 


IK-  eai.  11   eiliiir 


ra'v  or  in  i.irt' 
n:itiv.-. 


1: 


lu.nei  uii.'-i  e 


.Itw.l    l-\    V-- 


iK-.'.ive-^  t!  J  not  a|'i  ■  ar  to  li.i\e 


Uil 


to,u-r-, 
t  al,    t. 


>  utiKli   vvaii  a  liiil  lha|<<.U    liKe  a  l(i;>ii- 
Cc!.K    j;.'.i-c  the   lU.iie   ot    \uk   Mi.-.lie 


I.,  ivi...;  I  ■■-  IJH't  tlu)  aiTiviil  ia  L'li  iliiuas  S.iuiii|,  ami 
t.iiii-.  1.1  .1  1-..  o;  11  :iii  li.iil)..iirililliii;,iiilin..i  hv  tiieiiame 
ot  ii'.e  l>.\ii  .  Ilaio.i.     ll    i->  a  very  Uiure  i.laee,   but 


■.j;liu!^  n'ulil  be  more  .jlo«,iiiy;  l.ir  tlic  v.Ul  iitij^lit  ot' 


the    roi.-^ 
il.t.  l.ari'.-ai! 


-.i-i- 


I  cin-onii  ah    II  ill  j  rue  ^f'-''   I'-'''   ■'' 


ot  t^e  iii.cuiia:i  lun. 


gip\ornuK  -.t  or  lui)uri.ii;5at;'.'ii  ;   ,10  on-.-  u  iii.-ie  u-ie^ 
than  a;i->il  cr,  \\i  ilicy  leoiii  i)  liv.-  toj;wt'.ii.r  in  lUe  u;- 
nioil  hariMon;-  ami  jjOt' !  L\\o\  il.i|  .     iNo  .'j  i)caia:,ee 
reliiiion  is  (iilesn  ere.l  aa. 


lli'.i.i,  e.\(.e,  I  l..e  li'<i. 


have  Ix'eii  mcnh'V 


a. 


:m:i  are  in, 


d   I. 


it 

.  liiat 

be  a 


I'll 


criuiiou- e/raiMii>',  iiu-r.n  00 


au!e  ll  i.innoi  I'.'  re- 


ferred to  anv  ilun^  elle.    Lii-)ii  ihe  wiioii,  lliele   i-e  |.le 


api 


liar  t.)  I. 


i!ie  .noil  ilt-lliluie 


iM.>ii>,  a.i  v\v.ii  a^ 

a  I!. 


the  moll  iKipiil,  ot  all  ,  u.iian  Ix.i.gs;  ti.e  very  oute 
ot'iiaiure,  who  fpiiKJ  their  llve^  in  uaiul  riiij,  alxnit  tl.e 
drear)  \\ailes  wiKrc  two  ot  our  pe  j-^ile  peiilheii  Aitli  colil 
in    the   midll   of  lum,;i.i,    with   iw  dwellin;^-,   i  ui    a 


Da  the  liU'i-e  lo  ilie  weiiward  wire  fill!-.  1  oilier  liar- 
boiir  ,  ill  an  01  whicii  were  Irelli  uatir  ami  v*ood  t  -r 


ill. 


but    turn  the  liUle  lulls  of    b 


t!ie    whwle 


ir.try  a;!  i.ire  1  a-,  a  b.irreii  ro^k,  i1ih)iiu,1  by  iiaiiirc 


anil  ram  ,  alnull  nakc 


le  tuat  1-  tiirriiili 


b 


wretehed  liovel  of  tbeks  m;A  urals,  whi^h  wi'.i  not  c.ily 

admit  the  -.vind,  but  the  I: 

and  I'.eib'.ute  ot  every  c.ihv 

the  ru  leil  art,  h.ainj,  no  uie.itil 

I'oikI  ;    yet   they  aa-  eoiUiuUd. 

no  w 


even    lo  ilreli   l..u. 
'1  liev   Kern  lo  U.,\\ 


i!ii  for  ai'.v  ti.in|j  more   ihaii    li.iv    jotiii-. 


nor 


did  any  ti-ing  ofi'e.c.i  ti.i:n  b;.  i,ur  vu\.'gL,..  aj  [  ear  a. 


liU.iii  .r  01 
•atur  >.ar 


:i.i\. 

an. 


'1  lu-   lei 


eoalt   IS  lompoled  ot  a 


fhill  iilan.!'-.  On  one  ol  the 
in  an  exiK-iMioii  up  the  eountr\, 
l.aind  iLvi'.il  I.UI-.  wl.iiii  h.u!  lately  b-en  inhabited: 
ik;u  li.em  j^,iew  a  good  ilea!  .1  celleiy,  whiiii  was  gii- 
li-.ered  am.  laki-.i  111  iioa.il  tie  ihip.  '1  hey  met  wall 
liui.- 
iliat 


.uiie,  o.K-  uu. 


■k,  t 


iree  or  lour  I'la." 


lid  about 


llOl;    lluiU. 


umber  ot  ra.ls,  or  lea  pus  bemii  a:i  tliey  gut. 
.-  ;.!a-.id  uiider  wi.itii  the  iiii|>  was  l)r(iuglit  to  an- 
C. ;-.'.-/«  Ccik  cailid  Shr.^  iiland,    from  i>bl'erva- 
ng  n  g;eat   numiicrs  in 


I.  e  iliaj's  breed 


cllli's  I't   the  ;  V  k..     Our  people  lliot    loi'-.e   of    tie  old 

wliK'h  are 
ot  wliith 


ut  e;iu.d  not  co.ue  at  i.ie  vii.n^  )i  e- 


by  Lir  tlie 


t  lUli; 


■Jlie 


V  i.'..\  Unue 


the,  k.iiu  tl'.ice,  v.'..tn  ]  ruved  iii^hly  a>.iv;. table. 


(,)...  >t  tl.e  I'.^utearnt-.  k  .1   •.»)  i\;ii.-e  tie  e 


ail  (!< 


ce'itab 


It  b 


.u  a:-,  on-.anui.'ia.  .u.-iiiUia i 


life 


Captain  Cock  expr.U'es  hii  iiirpri/.e  tliat  tl-.ell-  peo; 


lIo  not  clot  lie 


the 


bet 


u-r,  lui. 


tainh 


irovHleu  iiuiieiiah. 


Tl.^ 


natuie 
hne 


bas 


tb 


ter- 
f.-al 


S  aouaiie  l.iirds 


tkin  eloak^  with  the  ikins  anil  leati.ni  o! 
they  mi^ht  make  their  cloak.;  larger,  and  lUi;  loy   t 
lame  ikins  tor  oth.er  part-,  ot  ilo.ituaig;  lor  ii  eanuol 
fuppofed    the)    are    Icane    with    ll.em.        1  .ie\ 


re.uly  enou 


pie 


^h  to  pa.t  Willi  tiiofe  they  ha.l  i 


o  I  .ir 


ell  ti 


nev  wouiil 


I  l.aruiy  have  iIoik-  li.id   i..e\  in-l 


il'.iomeM  i'l  live  m  oi'e  i 


>re    to   i;it    mor 


Tiiet'e 


,-e.iple 


ilu- 


.vor 


wniioi'i  liaviii' 


,.f  thi.  m..!i  iiiliol'i  it-ible  cli: 


t.i-j,.iciiv  enouiji,n  to  prov.-J.e 


tliv-ailtivis  wan  li.i.i  c'.:.\e;ai'..CvS  a.^  m.-.y  rei.i.er 
in  li.'iie  mea'iir.-,  u-.i.iv  i.4;.i.;;i.il)le  ;  and,  Ib.inj^ 
.'.ppear.  Captain  (./.ok  remaik^,  th.it  ii.e  li 


It  n 


ing  tliey  wi;re,  wi.e 
liaii 


he  '.as  hi 


the  liimmei',  w; 


luliiciellt    to   irn.l.t    l.ie'.r   l.enlll 


Willi 


everi 
from  tl 


n    tliat    fealoa.       \'\  in',    tlieii,     ir.-ull    ta. 

Ihe 


Ivll 


e.\l 


.-me  ri'.'our  i-t  i!ii.ir  came  m  llie  wiai-.,! 


n  a  w'"i\', 


tli'->'  are,  williout    eN'.el 


tl: 


.-ted. 


IV. 


.e,  and  u; 


tiir  earth 


.juli.  l^^."^^   oa   llie  hu. 


e  iii"U  Cl- 


ot 


It   i^  noriiiy  of  cbfer- aiion,    that  ahr 


wao   have  mei.i 


t: 


ill.a-.d  i.t  'll 


deltribe    it   as  dLilili.e   ol    wooil 


flio 


bi  ti 


.  int-er  it  m  ; 


that   lin-.>n  ni.jiht,   ]•.  r 


It  be 

,,   l-.e 


ail  writer; 

del    la  L-i 
Vi  r.  (      Lv  .1 1 


lliolL-  wl.i.  '.i-.v  il 


\   (1 


lOLl! 


o,  l.av. 


ml. 


Captain   C^ok  that    the 


,u-  t: 


e  i;-.ot  wii.ii  i.ie  ihip 


■ationeil  was 


.i:.irt   the  ill.iml  la 


a  iM\v 


111 


t. 


C  ! 


i)  ini".  ijiif"  1  anr  j  wmt  tla- 


:n  u..k  s 


ihi 


pauy 


tv   wen 


r  In    tl 


j^.a   u'.iler  lie  1 


iland 


'.-, ;  ;Jl  ol,l,.i.iia  1;  e  r.anie  ot  Ci'ivk  llia.d,  they  fcuial 
pkiitv  i-i  ll-.i^-.-  I'llfeiLlV,  and  i,>ti  till  lout li  lide  many 
u-.-ii'..  It  i.;.,  ,  ..'....  lo  Ik  m..u!'.iinj,  linK-,  and  moii  of 
i.:vm  viiL  1 .1  ih.uj  lor  t!..i(  pu'|  oii-,  and  could  not  fly. 
av:.7^\eat  luil,  iiie  [ariiis  Ivund  much 
aji,,  and  \eiy   bail  tiimbing  over  the 

)f  the 
.-rs  up 
It   62, 


row 


,  lai,. 
the 


*\iie  raiK.eil 


lo  that  hm, drills  i 


.1,  i.iai  III  il.ita,  '.wiae  ii.io  tl.e  I'ea,    aa-l  otln 


tlie 


1I..1IX 


b\  1 


ome  means  or  other 


Ihev 


» 


wall  wl.'.Lh 


a    1: 


li.ev  reti.rnal  on  bcaid,   all  liia.-tily  tind  : 
:.,i:;;lMon   overbalancid    every   other   conli- 


n,  a. 1.1  i.,:v  Ml  (luwii  with  a 


good 


api  elite   to 


'I 


.e:  1  .1  1  an  ol  i^li;.t  tne  p'recLeuii.g  day  had  produced. 


.i\  had  bilore  br. 


uglit  on  i'oa 


14  g- 


L-le 


10  t    ,u  ll  e  La;  lain  ua-  able,  tl.c  iie.-*;!   day,   to  make  a 
I  dii'i-ii'ufk  :i  to  tlie  whole  cfiw,  which  was  the  more  ac- 
ccj.taiile  on  aceuual  ot    the  ap.pio;ic!iing  fellnal,    this 


ijip. 


>jd.      !.. 


iiU"  an    opinion  tl  .U    11    w; 


.1 

III.. 


Aal. 


a    Unr. 


i-ai    is    I : 


fiicurnl 


C';.,  tain  C: 
lirll  ti 
uice  uiat  r; 


till 


.villi. 


h  a 


n    tl.e    bij;!: 
i.giani:-.::.  i.i 
ilwer-.  1.1   ou 


■y  11- 
ol 


.av, 


acLuunt  tor  l' 


din: 


r^ii',  e  Ol   In;. 


defc 


rii.tion  fiom  that  ol  CaL'inia  Ci 


Cdpld'n 

New   Zeala; 


C''ok, 


^coni.   vo\ai.. 


lail.-d 


•l'.,ia   d..l   1 


iives  the 


folii 


<i'.-lerj;.t;'jn  "f  I-: 


-al 


iouth-welt  colli:,  wliic.i 
had  viliie- 


i.i.aer:  .hy  <..a.r  ;.' 
•  >b!jr\e-.,  thai   I'.b 


lx:n 


;_,  ihe  24.111  ol  lAcimber 


had  not   I'rovideiK 


thus  lin;-,u.ariy  jroviile.!  lor  our  vo)  a^ers,  theChrilimas 
la-e  niuil  have  been  lall  provilion. 

iiiL;1he  alileiiie  1.1  the  Cai  tain,   a  niimbir  of  ih.e 


i;ui 
nalives  h.id  L- 
1  iiey  leimed 
amoniill  ilnin  fn 


■en  along-llc'e  the  Ihip,  and  lome  on  board. 

will  .aci.[U.iiitid  with  l-.ur(;peaiis,  and  hail 

On  another  \ilit, 

ot    tie  lame 


lie  ot  ihiir  , 


tiie  25111,  Ccipt.nn  Cuk  .ound  ihtm  ti 


his  f.,rr 


111  lore  leen  in  Sun  el-,   li.i 


..y.ige 


■Ihiv 


blervi 


to 


toiid  of  train  oil,  .is  liny,    ard  ev^ry  ihing  they  hai 


■y 


.11  ol  It  nu-a  iiitoierahly.  Captaia  Cook  1  idered  them 


bileuit,  bat  tl-i. 


il  a.  he  h.  (i 


y  ill. I  not  api 


b;e.i  told.     Tl 


:.ir  to  be  It)  f. 


he  gi.ve  tmm  ioaic  niei 
ol  l.a.-d\'.arc. 


lu! 


11  y  v.cre  mueli  pleale 


klllV 


'I  lie  n.uives  all  retired  before  d 


lel^latc  CO. 


-alt  tl 


t'le     111; 


e  ever  la.'. 


il   leeau- 


eaiaeiv  wJ.ii- 


leil 


;aHl  oilier    iiiiclis 


inner,    am'   did   not 


'.vait  to  jiar 


take  ot    the  Chiilimas  f 


iiV. 


iiideeil,     ih. 


Cait.iin  W.IS  ot  ojji.iion,  thai,  they    received   no  i.ivita- 


tloli. 


npptnnm  (■ 
ii\   liiirriil 

III    .1    N.Ul 

i\iii  ;i()|n.Mi' 
I  111'.  I  MM  ol 
i.(m.Utl 
lit. 

.1    Ul<',M- 

K  Mi:'.Ui.-r. 
MUiiil,  anil 
)\  tiiv.'  ii.tniL' 
lJ;kc,   l>ut 

I    luiL-Ilt  lit' 

at   |a.t   ot 

oilier  liar- 
I  wiH)d  t  ir 
I  lie   wliulc 

I  l<y  iiaiiirc 
i;«)lcii  ot  a 

II  ic  ot  tlic 
If  (.oiintry, 

i:iluil)itc(l  : 
ill  w.is  ^a- 

nu'l  uitli 
and  ahijiit 
icy  Pui. 
;^lii  ID  an- 
im  olilciAa- 
iiuiniKTS  in 
ot  tic  old 
,  winch  arc 
•,  ot  winch 
tal<lc. 

c  call  falc 
k  tiiat  the 
Atiiilicil  vvas 

a  co\c   ill 

s  went  tlii- 

^cnt  i)j    tlic 

r  ii:e  iiland 

they  ti.uud 

III  tiilc  many 
aiiil  nioli  ot 
ould  not  lly. 
iiiiul  much 
ig  over  the 
lads  lit  tin: 
■1  otiicrs  lip 
uy  got  62, 
artiiy  tiiid  : 
other   tonti- 

apietitc  to 
,ul  jiiuduccil. 
id  14  t;i-cte  ; 
,  to  iiKikc  a 
tr.e  mure  ac- 
leUival,    this 

l'lo\  idelac 
lie  Chrilimas 

amber  of  t!-.c 
nc  on  board. 
ins,  and  IkuI 
iHother  vitit, 
ot  tl.e  lame 
els  Hay,  oii 
to  be  very 
i|;  they  hail, 
idered  I  la  111 
e  io  t.iiii!  ol 
|ileakd  '.■  ..en 
iliier   .ulicks 


54t 

idc,  isfitiiatcd  in  lati- 
lon^iti'dcvv  dey-  '^ 
Ilik-fonlo  Iflc  \^hich, 
iriL^  the  found,  York, 
will  hardly  be  known 
ion  that  can  be  given 
ance  according  to  the 
t  is  viewed.  Bdidcsi 
tic  end  of  Shag  llland, 
between  this  and  the 
jpious  del'cription  of 
cry  few  would  derive 


t  dejcription  cf  all  the 
,  with  every  curious  in- 
'at(-ft  and  moft  authentic 
rated  (OUHlryman  Capt. 
ive  a  dejcrittion  of  the 
■ich,  as  well  as  in  other 
every  new  difcovcry- j 
;d  ccmtryman  Captain 


jgal.  There  arc  only 
1  to  the  crown.  Thele 
d  profit,  and  therefore 
irft  grandees  of  Portu- 
ates^  prcl'cnted  to  the 
1  prodiidiveof  good  or 
iter  and  difpofition  of 
-red. 

•nt  of  South  America 
Dutch,  are  very  incon- 
h  the  optilf  nt  and  ex- 
iards  and  I'ortiiguefe. 
iption  of  South  Ame- 
ions  to  which  the  vari- 

with  every  particular 
irevious  to  this,  it  may 
bllowing  Table,  Ihew- 

c  parts  into  which  the 


OK  .Soerii 

America. 

efC.t.ci;. 

lirU'n|;itig  tj- 

13 

.Spain 

■s  Ayres 

jpriiiUrds  and 
Jcfuits 

g"                  j 

Spain 

Its  NmlvcJ 

bartijn 

Portug.ll 

ItsN-itivo 

inam 

Ouich 

FtcT.'jh 

aiul   dill   r.ol 

liideei!,     tl'.c 

d   lio   i.ivita- 

twii, 


i 


I" 


^l^, 


Mi 


\H» 


'T'^  i 


liiii-i 


540 


A  '.MA 


iU"t,  aticr  liivinjj,  lu-.  •» 
jirovii'iDns. 

'I'lK'   (ICC  \\l'.il!l   I'V  n 

by  i'«  Uriuul  kit,  llnin 
ciil  'tir  vviiiunii,    .1 1'l 
bark  is  caiily  liiii  1     I  \ 
Ui.'s  arc  vM'li  ki.u..ii, 
jhMc'  u-  .1  iiMi\-. 

T  >.■•.•  i    i.l  i:»  '■•.>!» 
U  fr  >iu  JO  ID  40  ;..t 
in  I'MtKuT  .  1.1  ili.ii  ir 

t)!y  :'.  tliij^  '.'.ill  toj  si'.ip 
X-;»r  :l  i.uMl  !c;lt,  ill>  1 

Cr.'r.!'.ril''s  ^vow  '.,t 
biiNnlh  \  Ac,  IV.,.;  •  i 
r:.  V  or  HI  I  .iL  .  i  .1 
n:'l.v  ■. 

Tiiv  n:'.iivi'«  i'  I  !-.iit 
g'lvcrnnu  .t   .r  1.1  '■  •.li 
lIuM  .i:v  r    r,  \a   l  icj 
moU  'i.'.riM'Mi'  .;:ui  j,c.ic 
rcli:;i>in  i<  liiA.n^rcJ  :u 
h\\\  1\'<  II  niciit' •  ..  ', 
I'li^  i-riluiuii-  I.- -Mil  i:iy 
t'cnul  10  .i'\v   iliip.i;  illl 
appi.ir  to  1  w  1:,^   .r.i'il 
(lie  111. ill  Uujiiil,  01  .ill 
dt'  ii.uurc,  \\Ia)  I'lit-iul  I 
i'rc;iry  w.iil.'s  wiui'c  twi 
in   the   iukHI   m'  Uiii 
\s  re  tilled  liuvil  ot  I'lcl 
admit  ilie  •.Mild,  I'ui  t 
and  I'.eir.'.utc  ot  i.\i.t\ 
t!v.-  ruL.t  a-t,  li.\.-,j, 

food  ;     yit    tlv.y   :i'C    C 

no  V. i::i  tur  ■.'.:•.)   linng 
ill  1  ,i:  »  ti  int;  I'ti'c.c  : 

Cc;  !.lr..,    (.■■.tij't    bl.iwS 

life. 

Captain  Cock  (.xpr.!] 
do  not  cIoiIk  ilaiiiicU 
f:iini\  ])iM\'!i-led  iv.aicilt 
(kill  tiiAik-  wiiii  liic  ''kVl 
tlicy  niij^lit  nuiivc  il.cir. 
lame  fkiir;  tor  ol'ier  pat 
lui.jW.cd    they  m^    !e: 
fell  I)  enciuj;li  10  pa.  I  a 
pie,  wi'.ieh  liivy  w-uiii 
knov,;i    ;•.'.., re    to    i;  l 
d  v'liK  i  ;■!  Iivi.  1.1 11  J  c 
in  ill.-  '.\;i:vl,  w^'.iioui  lu 
iIk ;iilli%v.'   V  iiii  1i;i!i  1 
in  I'.iiie  iiH.i'ii,  ■.  I.  ..ic 
It  v.)  ■•  .:]",  ear,  y'.ap;,::n 
ir.i;  !:.e\  '."..■e,  u.  .;.  lu 
l(.aiv>  \\  ii.i.in.itiit   to  I  r 
i;\e:i     :i    that    leal.'.-i. 
tr«',n  ii.e  exir-ine  rijoO 
lu  a  \\''h',  i''i'>  ai'.,  x'A 
j..-:j,i,  ;n:;;n;.;.-,  a:iJ 
ti"   eaiili. 

it    i'    ".•"■l!:V  ot'  cMe'l 


wlr)  !.  i\e  li.eiii  :.);■:-  ! 
tl^iel.i'e  It  ;;s  d.iiH. 
Iho.v.  ill  ti..-  v. inter 
tiiat  ki.in  iii.ij't,  ; 
ar.'.:!' 


-i-. ■■■    '""■  -:i    "P 

\\..jj.      l.jrJ.   A:.l.  .1   A 
Mur^li,  C...  taia   C  '■■••.'<:. 
(thai   1^   li  ;   tiul   tiiii  ) 
circiimfb.'.nte  i  lal  1  ..  ■  a 
defcri].tion  i;om  t!;at  'ji' 
CdJ't-.lhl    Cook,    111    his 
New  Zealand,    liil.-d  a; 
gives  me   Ijlluwiiii;  ii'.'li.-r 
ioiith-vvelt  co-ill,  wl..  ■  1 
hal  v-iliiel  h-f'jr-.-.     1!  •■ 
•ler^late  coait  tie  evi  r  fi 


,/, 


^ 


AMI-KlCA.l 

tion,  and  for  a  very 
pt-rlon-.,  and  their  n.iu 
Ipoii  the  .ippititt-  ot  a 
have   bitn  a  moll   m 

Iieoplc  not  hivin^liad 
loall  and  lioiled  [J;ri-t 
tittle  known  to  tli«-m 
loiiv  M.idiiia  wine  le 
of  provilion  tlint  was  I 
obtetved  af  the  ilole  < 
Injdand  diii  not,  perl 
tht-arfolly  than  tht  y 
woriil. 

l  iu-  dav  lollownif 
anotiit-r  vifit ;  and  il 
when  l.e  law  thrle 
naked  oa  the  drik,  ( 
vas  to  I  over  theinlelv 
A  pariv  went  out  a 
b«  in!"  h-n-  and  pleatan 
foutli-hde  of  (loofc  I 
Vroin  thf  felHval 
Cook  t;,ave  it  the  naiiK 


I  N  1    U 

THIS  immenfe  t 
of   Darien  to  I 
lirrivi-d  the  (general 
Spaniard'. ;    thon^li 
Portugiii-le,  polVef'. 
fide  the  Spanilli  u-r 
tht  North  Se.i  to 
ajrain  at  Km  de  la  1 
ot  Kra-^il  oceiipyins. 
River  of   Plate  qui 
bpaniai-d'.  rather  i  I 
Such  a  profufion 
Spaniards  and  Port 
torirs  in  this  part  o 
no   farther   induei-i 
auelh  or  diftov-  lii 
♦•'xpanle  of  interioi 
miles  from  eall  to 
to  foiilh,   ren.aias 
polTcHionof  the  na 
thofe  p.nts  which 
reafon   to  fuppole, 
and   valuable  coit 
drugs,  fruu;,  cattl 
The  Spaniili  do 
dcr  two  governors 
rals,fubordinate  to 
of  Panama,  Terra 
Los  CJh.ireas,  and 
and  a  certain  num 
iting,  with  the  int 
Brazil,  the  mol 
dominions  in  lout 
only  two  or  three 
tion  of  (^overnnii 
called  Capitaneas 
ing  a  principality 


No.  50, 


AMI  RICA.] 


S  O  I'  T  H      A  M  F  K  I  C  A. 


J4l 


tioii,  AJul  (or  ,1  very  (iliviom  nwfiin,  as  the  ir  liltliy 
prion-.,  .iiul  tliiii  n.Miffmi*  llriah,  vm-io  tnmigli  to 
Ipoil  the  .ippttiii'  otaiiy  lMiro|i(.in  ,  .iihI  tli.it  would 
h.ivf   bun  a  moll   mortif'yini';  ililipi'diiuimiit,  our 

1L-n\i\r  not  Ii.ivinK  h.ul  I'll'  h  a  ('ooil  hti  for  I'onu-  liim-. 
<o.ill  .itul  tioili'd  [^r<li-,  JMi<.l(  i.if,  &c.  w.n  aticnt 
little  known  til  them,  anj  the  (.il>i;i  f^iicll'.  li;ul  yet 
Ionic  M.ulura  wine  led,  whiih  was  ih'-  only  artiile 
ofprovilion  fli.'l  w.is  better  for  kee;  ini;.  (.'iipt.  f.'icli 
obt'erveil  af  the  dole  of  the  ilav,  thai  lii-  ;r  frienvli  in 
l.n^^lanil  diii  not,  |ierli.ip^,  lelelirate  ClirtUnia->  more 
the.lrfiilly  than  they  iliil  in  this  remote  j'.irt  of  the 
woritt. 

l  he  tlay  following  the  native*  paiJ  our  pfoi)!c 
another  vilit  ,  and  ilie  Captain  liuinaii'lv  feejni'j, 
when  he  law  tliile  poui  wretilies  tri'niblinj;  afiil 
nakei!  <m  the  iletk,  gave  tluin  lome  b.ii.'.c  and  can- 
vas to  (.over  theinlelvts. 

A  party  went  out  again  to  Ihoot  [leelV,  r!ie  weather 
beini;  (i'le  and  pleafant.  'I'luv  proceeded  round  by  the 
fouth-lide  of  (loofe  Kland,  and  pii  ked  up  in  all  ji. 

from  the  felHval  teltbratid  .i'  this  place,  Qiptiim 
Ci('k  tjiivi  It  the  name  of  ChrilUn.vs  Sound.      The  en- 


tranee,  wliiili  \%  three  lea(;iie?wlde,  is  ritti.netl  in  laii- 
tiiile  55  de;'.  27  nun.  louth,  ;ind  longiti'dc  7t  tlcj;.  16 
nun.  well,  loleai'iies  from  St.  Ildefonlo  illc  which, 
are  tin- belMand  mark  for  hndmi^  the  found.  York 
MinlU-r,  Cuptani  (.'oak  obferve^,  will  iiardly  be  known 
by  a  llranger,  from  any  delcription  that  i^.m  be  f;iven 
of  it,  bei  aule  it  alieis  iii  ap[)earance  according;  to  the 
tlitVritnt  li'uaii'ills  (torn  whidilt  is  v;ewed.  UelideK 
tiie  Black  Uik!.,  which  lies  oft'the  end  of  .ShsL";  Ifland, 
there  i>  another  ab(nit  inidway,  between  this  .ind  the 
ea(t  Ihore.  1  le  adils,  that  a  copious  delcription  of 
thi^i  found  i'.  unnecellary,  as  very  few  would  derive 
entertainment  or  benefit  from  it, 

/f.il'JXG  thii.f  f^ivfii  an  nmpli-  di-fiript'in  cf  a!!  ihc 
ytmericMi  an.! U\Ji  liiJiun  Ijluiuli,  vjith  (vny  cuncus  in- 
iuh'iit  -we  I'Aild pycdire  f)om  the  lanft  a)ul mcfl  authentii 
navitiUors  (partictil,irly  6ur  ctlitrattd  (outitryman  Capt. 
Cook)  tv'i'  lh>ill  iii/tj  proteed  to  give  a  dejcnption  of  the 
continent  of  SciUth  /tmcricci,  in  '.vhicb,  as  urli  r:  in  other 
parti  of  the  vorlif,  ict  fiMill  inj'frl  every  new  difcovcn,'; 
iinludiH"  al!  theft  of  (iir  tcUlrdtcd  a-iiittyman  Caotiiii 
Coo!;.  " 


fj 


h 


C     II     A     P. 


XII. 


SOUTH      AMERICA. 


I  N  1    u  o  n  IJ  C  T  I  O  N. 

THIS  iinmenfe  track,  extending  from  the  Iftiimns 
of  Darien  to  Cape  Horn,  in  form  of  a  triantrle, 
derived  the  (.general  aiipellaMnn  ot'  I'eiuvi  iiia  from  tlie 
Spuiiards ;  thoui.^h  other  n.irinns,  particularly  the 
Portuguele,  poliefs  a  (  onfideralile  pnrt  of  it.  On  one 
fide  the  Spanilh  territories  rearh  nof.irther  than  from 
the  North  ."se.i  to  the  Lcpiinoxial,  and  cominencc 
ajrain  at  Rio  de  la  Plata  on  the  otlier,  the  fine  country 
ot  Brazil  01  cup\  ing  the  niiiUlle  Ipace  i  :uul  from  the 
River  of  Pl.ite  (]uitc  to  the  Sti.ilts  of  .Vl.igellaii,  the 
Spaniard',  rather  claim  than  pofii-t'^  .i  n'.d  dominion. 

Such  a  profiifion  of  wealth  has  acdiieil  botii  to  the 
Spaniards  and  PcjrtUfruefe  from  ihrir  lefpei^tiv  e  terri- 
tories in  this  part  of  t!ie  glt-be,  that  iliey  I'eem  to  have 
no  farther  inducement  to  extend  either  their  con- 
Quells  or  difcovrries.  l-'rom  this  caufe  a  prodigious 
exjjanl'e  of  interior  jiarts,  comprf  Ik  tiding  iir.ir  2000 
miles  from  eall  to  well,  ,ind  about  icoo  from  north 
to  foutli,  reii.ains  uiiexploretl,  .uul  conl'e(iucritly  in 
poirclfK^n  of  the  natives  ;  thougii  t:um  the  produce  of 
thofe  parts  wliich  are  known,  there  is  the  gieatelt 
reafon  to  Uippole,  they  abound  in  the  moll  cluMce 
and  valuable  commodities,  as  gold,  filvei,  gems, 
drugs,  fruiti,  cattle,  corn,  and  various  other  articles. 

The  .Spaniili  dominions  in  .South  America  arc  un- 
der two  governors,  ftiled  viceroys  and  c:ijn;'.in-grne- 
ralsjfubordinate  to  whom  are  feveral  audic'nces  ti'^  thofe 
of  Panama,  Tcrra-Firma,  Chuquil'aca,  Qi_iit(),  Lima, 
Los  Ch.ircas,  andCiuli,  conliflingeach  of  a  prefident 
and  a  certain  number  of  counl'ellors,  appointed  by  the 
Jking,  with  the  inleri  jr  officers  dependent  01   them. 

Brazil,  the  moll  important  part  of  the  Portuguefe 
dominions  in  fouth  America  (as  they  poliefs  befides 
only  two  or  three  fingle  iflands)  for  the  better  regula- 
tion of  government,  is  divided  into  15  provinces, 
called  Capitaneas,  or  Capitainries,  the  whole  form- 
ing a  principality,  which  gives  title  to  the  prcfump- 


tive  heir  of  the  crown  of  Portugal.  There  are  only 
fix  of  tiiefe  capitainries  annexed  to  the  crown.  Thefe 
are  offices  of  great  honour  and  profit,  and  therifbie 
objei'ls  of  juirfnit  among  the  tiift  i.'randees  of  Portu- 
gal. Thev  ai-e,  as  in  other  Hates,  prelentcd  to  the 
f.iviuirit<'s  of  the  monarch,  and  jModuc'tiveof  goodor 
ill,  in  pfoj'ortion  to  the  char.icter  and  difpolition  of 
thofe  on  whom  they  are  conferred. 

'I'hofe  parts  of  the  i  ontinent  of  South  .Vmerica 
belonging  to  the  Trench  and  Dutch,  are  very  incon- 
liderable,  when  compared  with  the  opul'-nt  and  ex- 
tenlive  dominions  of  tiic  .Spaniards  and  I'ortuguef'.'. 

As  we  procud  in  our  defciiption  (if  South  .\me 
rica,  we  fliall  point  out  the  nations  to  which  the  vari- 
ous p.irt2  refpedively  belong,  with  every  particular 
worthy  of  (.lefcription.  Hot  previous  to  this,  it  may 
not  be  improper  to  inl'ert  the  following  Table,  Ihew- 
ing,  at  one  view,  the  rcfpeftivc  parts  into  which  the 
whole  is  divided. 


TAnLt  OF  THf  Co.NTivENr  OK  Sol  Til   Americ,\.j 

Cijuntrir.. 

1.0  n.;. 

BlL'.l. 

Clueie.t.ci;. 

Ilri  .i:.:ir;i;  t>.  ■ 

Teira-l-'irma 

1400 

-co 

l'.inam.i 

>  Spain 

i'eru 

1  ;oc 

50c'Liin.i 

1 

I'jiajjuay 

1  ;oo  1000  Bucr.o.  .lyres 
i         1 

op.iui.irils  .inj 

Chili 

1200I  ;oo  St.  J.ig.) 

Spain 

Terr.i    MajjcII.i-  1 
nic.i,  or  I'au- 
gonu                 3 

-00   300 

■■ 
Its  Natives 

Rra7.ii 

2qoo    700  'Jt.  Scballiun 

I'ortug.il 

.•\ma7onia 

1200    ')6o 
780,  \io 

Its  ^'ativl.■^ 

Guiana 

re     • 

j  bunnam 

[  Cayenne 

Duttli 

Frr'.':'! 

'■^               » 

'  ' 


\'        A\ 


Mk''  tri't 


No.  50, 


6X 


C  II  A  i'. 


u 


]';  H| 

\>,w 

% 

11 

'M 


'>^  >^  vrKii'^^K.v.i"-  iii'NTTF--^'i:':,,,,,,,M 


>_  C  ■'■>'». ,„.,,    V *..,  ,.■••' A. /."'•'' , 


/-'<'••./  u.M»"'''         i(,i<*./,»«J  (  Lot,.  „    •/,/,*  o'   ,;'  vr^-^       V      ^^  ^ 


l'>"'\,»v"'-"' 


(Iai.i.ai'aoos  .;  "■'".■'"'•  ^ 


1'""  /  //7w,., ,  / 


C  .)'/..  vi// 


rMi/i,. 


A        V        .1        F        il 


0     (^      \\      A      ;\ 


•   •I.     1<H^  ^^  - '.-v 

^(  ,,    ,^\  \'"" ■  ^       >      * 


A 


.i//.'/,.'  A^l  fl.DT 


/', 


o 


Till 


?<    ./A/r,i     ,r 


f)   1-i 


.,-//,/! 


.>  AV/.i- 


At-,/,,//..'/,   / 


y;./u.j/' 


I     ri 


\i 


\V\ 


A 


'r 


/  I'l'jii-  iX'i' ■^      .>/„„/,//„/,/,.,/„     •      •     -f'/.'f.'/./.'r 

/'y""l    •''■'/"•''■  '-■^'  ^        *-     ^" 


//./.  .I.v//./ ./,«.'./ '     J 


.s 


o 


T' 


1  1 


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i'  ///  ///  ■■///  //// 


Iioid   llic  |,clt  Modci'ii 

Maps    vm,  Cuaui's  . 


l/.,Ai.,i    Y^l    ■'!  I'l.tl.. 

(■.,t,..i,u..|-.'""Vf^"\    ,,    --       '■"■•/'''■"7~>.  .n//v,./,i 


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li.il.liM.if,  /  J  !- 

/;,,„./,  II,,,., \  i  /-/,;,;.:',;;;;,; 


'y //,/,. /,,/■..//.,• 


/X 


r/.'„.„.,„yr,As.u,-.'''!;""iM  /:, ■.„„;/ 
/.i//,,./,„/..,f^,,,^-,/(./.i     ^■;,,^,  ^ 

"'„//,/■„,,. _f^  I, r/'     ,-.'"'''  I /,/,■/.,.,■//,-,. ^  , ',  ^ 

(  «    .,/,/.<    V         ■  i.  •  I  "...  i/  'llio.f,,;,,:,  / 

ii/"'/*../"''', '>^v  <,-.".""""",, 


,-/•       .;//■ 


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/.; 


,  l.utli'  AuliUfs 


r  ( I  1  .1 II  .t'ia 


ijii       -^■'■='y.     '  .  "ll't.\  iii\  tun  /.I/.A  I  \  ,_,  ,, 

.iiM.i.\i|y'-V'i*;T^'vV^'-.u.,j.,,i  _         j^_ 

1 .1,  .1  ,/-,i...       ,  ,.  ' '■■"'■'•''f.-'Z^' „„/„■ 


N       T         I        C 


/,/        /„//,n/  /,  ir .■  '     r,  ///  /,'/„//,/,// 

\  ' 

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54'2        A  J.T.V;,  ROYAL  .v;:t  AUTill-NTlC  ijVyTEM  oi  L'NI".  EK.-AL  oLOGtL\PHl['. 

C    H    A    P.      XIII. 

SPANISE-I  DOMINIONS  in  SOUTH  AMERICA.  * 


I'  >i 


\4   'I 


I ; 


1 


s  v.  c  r  ION    I. 

lERRA-VIRMA.  or  CA3I  ILE  DEL  ORO.      I 

THIS  jTovince  :s  fini.itcd  between  t!ie  eqmtor  .in.l 
12  lii';;.  north  l.uitvkie,  .irul  between  60  .uul  S: 
dcix.  welt  loiij^iniile,  bc'inii  about  !4co  miles  ii\  l^ni^th, 
ami  -ro  in  bre.idth.  It  i:,  boumlai  on  tl'.e  north,  by 
part  olthe  Atlmtic  Ocean,  on  the  e-.ill  by  Ciuian.i ;  on 
the  well  bv  New  Spain  and  the  Tacilie  Ocean ;  and  uii 
the  fourh,  by  Peru,  and  the  ronntry  of  tlie  An-..i;'.ons. 
It  derived  the  name  of  C^allile  del  Oro,  or  the  liold'-ti 
Co3(\,  fro;ii  the  great  q-.;a:it;ty  of  gold  it  containeii. 

The  lili-.n-.us  of  D.rien,  t>r  Terra- Firnii  Proper, 
ioins  North  and  Somh  America.  Tiie  lii.iiate  of 
Terra-Eirma,  tfpecially  in  the  nort!ifrn  divilions,  is 
ver'- fultr\' d'.uinij;  the  whole  year.  [■''.■.>:n  the  montli 
of  MiV  to  the  end  of  November,  tlu-re  is  an  almolt 
tcntiiunl  fucce.T.on  of  th'.inder,  riin,  and  tempelh 
rhc  cxrcfnve  hears  raife  the  vapour  of  tlu-  lea,  whiih 
is  prcipitnted  in  I'lcli  rains  a';  frein  to  tlweaten  a  de- 
l\ii,e.  I'rom  the  midd.le  of  Occeniber  to  the  middle 
of  April,  the  rains  reaie,  and  t'le  weatlier  becomes 
jTiorc  a-;rceablc. 

'I'lie  foil  of  this  covintrv  i:,  very  different,  the  in!  md 


parts  bcinj  rich  and  fen.le,  and  the  coalh  (r. 


iW 


and 


fll'i' iibiily   kpowi\   fiFi   :i'    ount   ot    it',   dnir,   1  lUeil 
I.ibellidp  C'lith.-U'en.i,  in    the  bean  ot'  C.irtln;;-n:i. 
This  bean  ennr  lir-  1  hen,''!  relemblinr  an  .d:;;  uii!' 


but  lefs  wliif 


ry  b!;t( 


■i'h 


l.s 


■■vM-\   i.~  an 


rvi'ellent  remedy  ti'i  tlu-  bitis  ufviperj  nr.l  lerpents, 
whieh    -in-  VJ-ry   rommon   •hrnnp;hoiit  thi^  country. 

t.ik 
iir  to  tlieir 


.1  litfj'"  of  (hi:.  kTnri  t'allin;',    I'ld  tlien  rej', 
wiirk,  witiionl  any  apprehcnlioii  of  danjier. 

'Ihert-  wee  nine  ,!  riTP.bcr  of  j'nlil   mine;   in  rlii 
c:  -i.'itty,  I  Kt  ihi  y  lie  no\\  in  ■  '^iuM  meafuu-cx!a'.I''.d 


li 


barren.  1  he  prodiiLtions  arc  Indian  com,  b.ihtis, 
eua-.s  and  diru^s,  feveral  fortsot  tiiilr,  Aigar,  tobacco, 
various  kmilsofdy;:;^  woods,  precious  llones,  [vifticu- 
larly  en.cr.ddr,  and  f.ippliires,  ve;i:(^.'n,  and  f;,'.,iie. 
Great  numbers  of  cov.  :>  .md  hoas  are  i'i;d  in  the  mca- 
dow3.  'I'lie  ir.ountaiiii  abound  uith  tifHTs,  and  num- 
bers of  other  wild  bc.ill  .  In  the  forells  and  woods 
arc  monkies  of  various  co'ovjrs  and  (i/es.  Ihe  f'.clli 
of  them,  in  !U'neral,  but  that  of  t!;e  roi  in  partu  -.l.w, 
is  highly  valued  by  the  Ne^iroet ,  and  '.t  i.,  laid  that, 
in manv places,  not  onlv  tlie  Xeiuoe?,  but  ih.e  C'leoKb, 
make  no  fcruple  of  eating  tliem. 

M.Tnybiriis  arc  found  in  this  country,  wh.ofe  pl\i- 
niaj;e  is  particularly  be.iutiful  and  biilh.mr.  Hut  the 
moil  re;-.Titk  iMe  is  the  toiK.;;:,  or  puvi.  her.  Tlie  hill 
of  this  bird  i.,  vane:';  ued  w;:!i  .ill  tholi-  bri;',ht  colours 
whi;  h  adorn  ih"-  pluma;.'e  of  other  bird? .  It  is  called 
the  prearh^'r  from  its  cilWim  of  perc  hinj;  ni\  tlie  top  of 
a  tiee,  an;!  making  a  noife  refemblinf;  ill  aiLruiarcd 
founds.  The  livers,  fea,  and.  lakes,  aboi;nd  with  a 
variervoffi.Oi. 

Thelllhmus  of  D.uien  fwnrm". v.itli  rcjiillcsand  in- 
fe^it:  of  i!;\  ers  fpe.  i'-.  Manv  of  them  are  baneful  to 
the  inhabit  ints,  and.  othei;  oIm'  as  of  curiou.,  a.",d  j  hi- 
lof  jphical  fpe>  ulation. 

'I  he  trees  molt:  remarkable  f  )r  their  diiri'nHon';  nie 
tlie  caobe,  tiie  ceder,  and  the  mania.  The  man/anillo 
Tre?  is  particularly  remarkable  :  it  bears  a  truit  refem- 
blinjr  an  apple,  but  w^hich,  under  thi*.  fpecious  .ippear- 
aiue,  c'^llt,nns  a  moll  fubiiie  poifon,  a^ai.nll  \shich 
'onimon  oi!  is  t'ound  to  be  the  bell  ;intidole.  .'<u,  h  ;., 
t!ie  maligi.itvof  tliis  tiee,  tliat  if  aperfon  lleeps  ;::-;'er 
It,  his  biidv  fvvcll'.,  and  he  is  tarked  wit!i  the  le\ereit 
fortui'-';.  T!ie  beall.s,  lloin  inllilict,  ;dw.!\-,.  avoid  it. 
In  'lie  w.).')d.-  aluiut  C  .u  tliapena  is  .1  fpe,  ie,  of  v.  dlow. 


"l"err.i-E:inMij  ivery  mountainou:. cotintr:.  Tei;a- 
hirnu  Pro(Hr,  i.i  particular,  conlilts  of  prodigiou.i 
hip;ii  mouiu.dns  and  dee])  \  allies,  flooiled  more  tliin 
halt  the  year.  Tin-  motuiiains  in  the  province  of  C.i;  ■ 
tlupena  and  St.  Martha,  aic(;rdin:;  to  Da  iipier,  are 
the  hi^helt  in  tl;.-  world,  beinji,letn  at  fea  ■:o.)mile5ort. 
I'r.-im  thefe  run  a  i  ham  of  hills,  of  almoH  e(i;i.i!  heij^hr, 
quite  tludu.jh  South  Ameiiia,  .is  far  .is  the  ."^traits  ot' 
Magellan,  (  ailed  the  Cordilleros  des  /)indcn.  The 
[■riy,  inceof  \'eneiLiielh,  and  tlie  dillriLt  of  tJic  Carac- 
cas,  are  likewife  very  mountainous.  Some  oi  the 
Dioutitams  in  the  province  of  Pojiayan  cont.iiii  vol- 
canosj  but  toward.s  the  ll'.oreof  the  Paiihi  Oce.inihe 
country  is  low  and.  mariliy.  The  whole  is  w.irercd  by 
.1  l-Teat  number  ot  rivers,  th.e  p,rinci];.il  oi  which  is  that 
ot  (.')roonokji  ami  here  are  ma.iy  j^ulp.'is,  b.us,  ^:c. 
'1  he  provinces  of' this  country  are  thus  divided  : 

'I'err.i-I'irma  Proper,  wliich  lies  in  the  ('(;rin  of  .t 
creli-ent  .tbout  tlie  11. ly  of  Panair.  \,  Lcm;.^  tlic  iilhmui 
w-hich  loins  Soutli  and  North  Americi,  is  >-:o  miles  i;i 
lenp^th,  but  only  bo  in  breadth,  v.'here  the  iilhmus  is 
narr./wed.  It  is  tolcr.iblv  fruitful,  and  abounds  m 
f^old  and  p^-arls.     Thepri:-..:i\d  [ikues  are, 

Panama,  whicli,  m  i  ;'_;■■,  was  entirely  confumed  by 
're,  bur  has  finer  been  icbu;!!  m  a  neat,  though  not 
maj;n:!ic''nt,  :r..'.nner.  It  is  llro!i;-;ly  fonitiedand  gar- 
rifoni-i',  and  the  w.uls  mounted  with  larw  cannon. 
1  leic  is  ilie  retider.ce  of  the  <;overnor  of  the  province, 
ind  t!ir  lear  of  a  royal  aud.iente,  with  a  Cvin\enient 
harbour,  well  I'e,  ured  .iga;  i  ftornu  liy  a  .'-.u.-riber  of 
IturouhilinL;  ill.u.ds.  At  the  bottom  of  tiic  lea  arc 
found  nuiiibers  of  pearls,  and  theoyilersareexceedi.".<r 
dehcioiis  in  which  thev  are  fouid.  This  kird  of 
filliery  is  very  beneficial  to  the  iniubitants  of  all  the 
..lands  in  the  bar  ;  .md  there  ;ire  few  perlbns  of  fub- 
!■;  i...-e  about  Panama,  who  do  not  eaiphjv  a  par;  of 
ihi.i  )!  IMS  in  it  ;tt  leuK  T!ie  flaves  tJius  emjdoycd 
mull  be  expert  hvimmers,  and  capable  of  holding 
tlieir  bieaih  a  long  time.  Duiin;.;  ilie  fafon,  ei;;!)!, 
ten,  01  twenty  of  them  let  out,  under  tlie  comr.iand  of 
an  ofl-ccr,  in  a  boar,  from  t!ie  illaads,  wliere  they  have 
huts  built  for  their  lcd;';in[';s  to  fuch  fi.irtsof  the  b  ly 
^^  .ire  known  to  produce  jiearls,  and  where  tJie  depth 
of  tlie  water  is  not  above  10,  ! :,  or  1  j  fatlioms.  1 1're 
they  come  to  an  anciior,  and  tlie  ties;roe.';,  havin,*;  a 
riijie  falfened  round  their  !;o,|;e<;,  and  th.';  orlier  end  to 
the  lideofthe  boar,  take  \v  ith  them  a  fm.all  weiglit,  to 
acceler.ite  tlieir  linkin;.^,  ami  plunj_;i'  uuo  the  water. 
Onreaehinpthe  bottom,  they  takeup  .in  oyilcr,  wiiicli 
they  jwt  under  the  left  arm;  the  fecond  tiiey  liold  in 
their  left  hand,  and  the  diiiil  in  t!ieir  right.  With 
tlirje  rhree  oyllcrs,  and  fometimes  anotliei  ;n  tlieir 
mouth,  t!iey  riiV  to  brf..ihe,  anil  put  them  in  a  ba^;. 
When  they  have  n-lb-d  tliemfclves  awhile,  they  dive 
a  lecond  time;  and  thus  continue  till  tlsey  have  eitlRT 
completed  the  talk,  or  their  ll/enj^ta  tails  them. 
I'veiy  one  of  ilu  fe  negio-di  ivers  is  obliged  daily  to 
deliver  to  his  m.iller  aceit.iiii  number  of  [learls ,  fo 
that  when  they  h.ivegot  a  fuflicient  number  of  oytleii 
in  their  bag,  they  be^dn  to  ojH-n  them,  an..i  deliver 
the  pearls  to  the  olfn  er,  till  they  have  mad(-  up  the 
number  due  to  their  mailer;  and  if  the  peail  be  but 
tiirmed,  it  is  futlii  ient,  without  rei;.ird  to  its  being 
fmall  or  faupy.  Tlie  remainder,  hov,e\cr  laif^e  oi 
be.uitil"ul,  are  the  negro's  own  property;  nor  h.is  the 
mailer  the  leall  claim  to  tiiem,  the  flaves  beinf^  al- 
lowed ro  f-U  them  to  wliom  they  plenfe;  thoui^h  the 
mailer  generally  jmichales  tlieiii  lumfelf  at  a  vciy 
fiiiall  price. 

Helides  the  toil  of  this  fiiheiy,  from  the  o'/fl'T-;  ad- 
herinf'llroiiifly  to  t!ie  rocks,  the  ne[;roes  are  innofir::i;l 
dan;T-r  froin  fome  kind:  of  li!i:,  which  cither  fci/C 

thiai. 


thev  thoui'ht,   bv  I 


Carthapena,  tli- 


ben  filled  up  bv  ar 
tlie  attack  made 
Admiral  Vernon  an 
w'.ird  the  town  ha; 
v.-ooden  bridpe,  wii 
built  on  another  i 
nent  bv  .abridge  of 
tiuas,  boili  of  the 


,)  an  oyiirr,  vvliicli 


AMI'.RICA.] 

'then),  orrunngiinft  them  loviolcntlvi  as  either  to  kill, 
or  cmlli  tiicm  uf»,.iiiill  the  bottom.  Every  !iq;ro,  to 
defend  himfelt"  agaiuil  thclc  animals,  canivs  witii 
i!i:n  a  Ih.up  knife,  with  which  tiic  filh  being  Ihiuk, 
liTinediitely  flics  oih  'riir  officel.^  keep  .1  watrhful 
tyc  (Ml  thcfc  voracious  creatures,  and,  on  diicovrrinf^ 
thc;n,  (hake  the  ropes  failened  to  the  biulies  of  the 
negroes,  that  tlu'v  may  be  upon  their  puard.  Many,  on 
the  diver's  be;n^  in  d.infTcr,  have  thrown  themlVh  es 
into  tiie  v.-ater,  with  the  like  weapon,  to  afiilt  in  his 
dofVncc  :  but  all  their  dexterity  anil  precaiirion  h  l^'e 
frequenily  not  been  fntficient  to  protei^t  the  diver 
from  being  devoured  by  thefc  filh.  Or  loling  a  leg  or 
an  .'irm  by  their  bite. 

I'orto-LellO  i.s  fitiiated  rlofe  tu  the  lea,  on  the  dei  li- 
V'ty  of  a  mountain,  whii  h  U:irountl<i  the  haiboui'. 
'I'his  liarbo'.ir  is  I'o  larn;i',  decpmJ,  fate,  tliat  t'dhim- 
bii3  gave  it  the  name  of  Porto-  Bello,  or  linf  Hiirlionr. 
'I'he  (Governor  is  always  a  military  oltici  r,  fubor.lin  in- 
to the  preiident  of  Panama,  '["he  town  is  but  1 1, inly 
inhabited,  owing  to  its  noxious  air,  and  (ontaiits  not 
more  than  200  wooden  houfes,  whieh  moll  of  tlie  in- 
habitants let  when  the  galleons  are  here,  and  make 
any  teminiiMiy  ll^,;ft  for  iheiiifelv< .  At  the  ealt  end 
of  the  town  there  is  a  (piaiter  (ailed  (iuinea,  where 
.tII  the  nej^roes,  and  ir.any  of  the  mul.ittoes  relide. 
During  the  fair,  while  the  fleet  is  lure,  the  place  be- 
comes extremely  populous,  and  baii.uks  are  erected 
for  the  Ihips  crews,  but  taken  ilown  airer  the  depar- 
ture of  the  fMlleons.  Fi)rm(  rty  the  fair  was  not  li- 
n-.;'ed  to  any  partietilar  time  ;  but  as  a  lontj  Hay  tiere 
was  found  to  be  very  preiuditial  to  the  liealth  of  die 
traders,  an  order  was  made  by  the  ki:i;;  of  Spain,  tliat 
It  Ihouki  not  continue  above  40  days.  Once  the  b  n- 
glilh  were  allowed  to  fend  a  lliip  hith.er  annually, 
which  t'lrned  to  very  ^ood  aci  ount ;  but  tliey  h.ivc 
fince  been  abridged  of  chat  p;ivile^;e. 

In  the  var  17 19,  the  r*-d!ant  Admiril  \'iTiion, 
with  fix  ihips  only,  toi;k  this  p\.ur,  demolilhi'd  the 
forts,  and  difm.'.ntled  the  forii'icaiimii. 

Thefurrourdmg  country  is  lull  of  forells  and  n-.oun- 
taiiis.  One  ot  the  latter,  named  Capua,  wliith  is  ex- 
tremely h!^:;h,  ferVes  as  a  barometer  to  the  [X'ople  ,  for 
by  the  ap]jearancc  of  the  clouds  on  us  fiimmit,  they 
can  t)rO("'nollie,ite  what  weather  wi'l  ••idne,  the  ch  inues 
which  are  very  fudden,  ami  t'r''iiucni.     'llie  hear 


sour  H     A  M  E  R  I  C  A. 


54J 


ot  wliich  are  very  ludden,  ami  tr''ipieni. 
here  is  excellive,  the  torri'ius  nf  r.i:;i  imp'-tuous,  ar^l 
the  llorms  of  thunder  and  li;;htiiini^  dieadlu!.  So  that 
not  only  the  people  die  M-ry  fill,  bur  the  lattle 
brought  from  diltant  [;laees  loon  lole  their  tielh,  and 
become  fcarce  eatable. 

In  1695,  ^  ■'^eotch  company  havini;  obt,iined,from 
the  Enfjilh  government,  permillion  to  tradf  to  Africa 
a.ij  the  I'.all  arid  Well  Indies,  planfd  a  i  olony  on  the 
Iftlimus  i>f  IXiiicn,  near  the  noiili  well  point  of  the 
gulph.  Mere  a  fortrels  was  erected, .  ailed  Nt-w-b.din- 
burph,  and  tlie  ciicumiaeeiu  dillri(H  wis  termed  t'ale- 
donii.  'I'he  Indian  princes  were  pleali  I  at  this,  as 
they  thought,  by  the  hel()  of  the  Scotch,  to  ex|)el  the 
.Spaniards.  For  fome time  the  color.,  fioiiilhed,  but 
.It  laflthe  company  was  ruined,  by  tl-.e  .i\u\i'\  ofthe 
I'.nglilh  Fall  India  Company,  Mn\  the  leuKJiah.uices 
of  the  court  of  Madrid. 

C.'artha:.;ena  produrps  fonie  val;:ahle  KUins,  balms, 
and  drugs,  bur  no  muier.  of  ;.;old  or  lilver,  nor  any 
fireat  quantity  of  corn  or  cattle. 

Cartha,q;ena,  tlie  metropolis  (/ tlie  pr,j\  ince,  is  not 
only  a  tine  opulent  city,  but  a  llron;.';  iortrefs.  fuuated 
on  a  fmdv  illatid.  '1  he  harbour  lie^  letween  ih.e  illaiid 
and  the  inain,  and  the  entrance  is  .:t  the  louth-weil 
end  i  the  other  palkiRe,  e.iUed  Huicha-i  hica,  having 
hfii  filled  up  by  an  Older  from  the  Louri  of  Spain  (Ini-e 
tlie  attack  made  upon  the  town  in  the  year  17.1.1,  by 
Admiral  VeinoiiandCieiier.il  Wcntworth.  To  the  call - 
ward  the  town  has  a  communication,  by  means  of  a 
wooden  bridpc,  with  a  large  fubiirb,  called  Xesemani, 
built  on  another  inaiul,  which  is  ioined  to  the  conti- 
nent by  a  bridpe  of  the  fame  materials.  The  fortilica- 
tiuiis,  bo'.ii  of  'd'.i;  city  and  faburbs,  aiccondu;wtt.u  in 


theniodern  faflrion,  and  built  with  fiee-flonc;  and,  in 
time  o!'  peace,  the  g.irrifon  confilh  of,  10  companies, 
belides  rlie  militia,  'rh.c  city  and  fuburhs  arc  well  laid 
out,  and  the  llreetslhaigl.r.bro.id,  uniform,  and  well 
paved.  The  houl'es  arc  built  of  ibjiic  or  brick,  with 
balcoiies  and  lattices  of  wood,  whi;  h  is  inore  durable 
intLiscliiraiethan  iron,  the  latcerbeingfooner  corrod- 
ed by  the  .icnmonious  qu.iliry  of  the  nitrou.s  atmo- 
Iphere.  The  city  is  populous,  though  molt  ofthe  in- 
habitants are  •leli  endaius  of  the  Indian  tribes  ;  but  it 
is  by  ;'.o  means  opiilent,  compared  with  many  other 
ci'ies  in  Soirh  A.nerica,  the  country  produ-ing  no 
ihines. 

At  a  fmall  diitanee  from  the  fuburb  of  Xexemani, 
on  a  hill.  Is  .1  i>Mt  called  Fa/.iro,  commanding  both 
the  city  iii.l  luhuibs,  and  ali'ording  a  very  cxierdive 
and  a;^K'-  ible  profpeCl  over  the  lea  .indland. 

'I  iC  ^^jvernment  of  Cartliagena  was  independent  of 
any  other  till  the  year  17J9,  wlien  the  viceroy  of  New 
(iranada  wwa  appointetl.  It  extends  about  ^'^  leagues 
from  well  to  e.ii!,  and  Sj  from  fouth  to  north,  coiu.iin- 
ing  feveral  fruiti'ul  v.dlies,  c.iUcdby  the  natives  f.ivan- 
n.ih.-,.  Ill  which  aie  many  fettlements  of  Europeans, 
SpanilhCr'-oles,  and  Indi.ins.  'I'lie  Bayof  C':irthageii,i 
isthefirllpl.h  ein.'Xmerica  at  which  the  galleons  touch. 
The  clim.ite  is  iiot  ,uid  iinhe.ilthy;  and,  among  other 
difeafes,  the  bhiLk  vomit  and  leprcfy  are  particularly 
lat:dto  Iv.iropeans.  The  Ciuine.i  wormis  very  trouble- 
Ibine,  as  it  (jccalions  painful  tumours  in  tlie  iTiu!i.lej  of 


the  legs  and  thighs  ;  and  .mother  inle.'t,  peculiar  to 
this  country  uid  Peru,  isllill  inoredreadful ;  itiscnlled 
pigie,  a;-.;l,  bein:,  extremely  fmall,  is  fcarce  vifible 
to  the  naked  eve.  It  breeds  in  the  dull,  and  infinu.uea 
itlelt  into  tie  folcs  ofthe  feet,  giving  exquilitc  pain, 
and  frequenily  attended  with  ::Timinent  danger. 

The  province  of  .Sanr.i  Marth.i  is  :co  miles  Ion",  an  J 

140  broad,   very  mount.iinous,    but  jModiices    i^old, 

'   jewels,    iii.uble,   falr,C-c.  The  c.ipir.-il  of  the'lkmci 

name,  on  a  branch  ofthe  Rio  tirande,  is  the  fee  of  .1 

'    bilhop,  and  relidence  of  a  governor. 

Kio  de  la  I  lacha  is  a  i^cdanr  and  fertile  province. 
It  h.is  ,1  ])earl  filhery,  and  mines  of  j.i.rj)cr  and  clialci- 
■    doiiy.    The  cajiital,    which  gives   name  to  the  pro- 
vince, contains  nothing  remark.ible. 
':        V'ene.'.uel.i,  which  nuludes  the  dillrkn  of  Caraccr.s, 
lies  on  fl;e  North  Sea.     It  is  po])ulous  and  fertile,  but 
,    rath(  r  l.d^ours  un. ler  a  fe  ir,  ity  of  water.     The  ■  aiji- 
t.d  of  ilie  fam.*  n  uiic  is  the   fee  of  a  bilbop,  and  the 
■[    reliden'.f  of  .1  governor  ;   and    Caraceas  is  a  lar-^e, 
,i    popiili'us  inl.md  town. 

I  New  Aiuialufia,  inclmling  thedilliL^s  of  Commo- 
['  ;m  .uid  I'aria,  is  fertile,  and  ik!i  in  grims,  drugs,  me- 
'1  d'cinal  plants,  fugar,  tobac  o,  and  lever.il  fo;  ts^of  va- 
.  luable  tim!'er.  Coman.i,  or  New  Cordulia,  is  the 
c.ipit.il,  hut  il.e  town  of  St.  Thoims  is  fujicrior  to  ir, 
N'-w  Ciraiiada,  fomcLimrs  called  .''vinr.!  Fe,  and  Caf- 
,  'de  del  Oro,  is  An  inland  piroyin..e,  of  great  extent, 
I  iteauiifullydiveriified  with  mo'inr  linsand  vallics.  The 
\  mountains  contain  gold,  filvei,  and  emeralds;  and  thir 
v.dlies  produce  corn,  cattle,  loots,  and  fruits,  with 
I  great  quanivies  ofguari'  m;.>,  lialini,  i;i!ir.:,  dnigs  of 
I  V  irious  kinds,  widi  otlier  r:'  h  irtidev  of  commerce. 
j  I'.eit.i  Fe  de  Bagota,  tli'-  c  ipital  not  oidy  of  this  pro- 
I  vih.e,  biitof  all  Tcrri  hua..i,  mdt'ie  featofthe  vice- 
I  roy,  of  tlie  royal  audience,  Tind  an  arehbirtiop,  is  ,1 
1  l.iig.e,  populous, OjHile'it,  and  vvcU  built  city,  lituated 
,  on  the  banks  of  a  l.il.e,  wiili  alt-.rs  at  (hired  dii- 
I  tances,  highei  than  hou'.es,  and  richly  adorned. 
j  Ciuiaquil  ib  a  conliderable  eommcreial  town,  0:1a 
I  liver  ofthe  fame  n.iine  .  and  Paita,  a  lea-i)nrt  tovvn, 
i  was  lacked  by  the  latc'  Lord  Anfon  in  i':'4i. 
I  The  origin.il  1.  itives  of  Terr.i  1-  irma  are  boUl  and 
I  wailike;  and  rs they h.ivealmoll  iiTipre,Tnab!e  and  in- 
'!  aicellible  fallnelles,  and  beat  an  invet  'late  hatred  to 
'  the 'Spaniards,  they  luvcr  have  been,  and  it  is  probable 
!  m  ver  will  be,  cntuely  fubducd.  1  hey  have  lank, 
.  LO.irfe,  longbl.ickl'.air.  Theirnattiral  complexion  is 
j  ,!coi)percaloui.Thtin!iabitant-, aredifTercntlydrcded 
I    a>.coid.n^'  t.'  the  .Spaniih  fdlhion.     The  men  wear  a 

cafl'oclt 


1       w  .ua 


»       If  ; 


t,\\        A  NFAV,  ROYAL  and   \0tMF.N"1  IC  SY.-/n"M  of  UNIVl-k^Al.  CF.OGHAPHY. 


■A 


U\ 


mii 


I  Iff  ■     i 


)     i 


'I 


I     ' 


1 


-■tiU.->  ix'oplc  uiulrill.iiul  th.it 


inaiiiu-d  witli  acVivi-  ,uul  luild  IjUci.s 
co.ill  of'Tci ra  Finn.i,  lit 

Ms  lir(ldcriirn\'..i..iij,iiinll;  Porto  Bcllo  :  loimcif  rlicni 
obJcttinL'  iIkU  Iui,  Uin  '.■  wai  too  Ini;'.!!  to  rctliuf  lb  iin- 
p()rtain''a  luitriK,  lu  biiKlly  ic-plk-d,  "Ifour  niini- 
hers  nif  tin  dl  oiii  lu-.ntsaii'j'riMri.uul  ilif  tVwcr  \vc  iiv 
'he  giT.itu  v,i!l  he  utir  Ih.irt.'  of  tlu'  j-lwndiT."  I  k- 
h)')ii  made  Iji.nlilf  ni.illc;  of  a  e.illl'-  whi*  l\  dcfeiulid 
t!if  hiirlxuir,  and  ihi>  ciptiirc  was  Inci  tcdcd  by  tlie 
runcndiroftlu-  city  j  but  the  governor,  .mdir.any  of 
fluj^iiirn-ip.dpeople.hiviiii;  irtiitd  into  ^mother  calHc 
wuhihtMtie.Hui'-.er.ccb,  the  thuahi)late,  &c,  kept 


falVoek  without  folds,  defcendiiig  fc)  tb;'  kr.f.T,  i 
laij;t'  i-aji',  andlleevesojivn  at  both  lidt-.  Ir  h.i*  iv;t- 
ton  holes,  and  two  lov.'.  of  button-.  The  habifs  of 
the  bvtter  t'off  are  mr.d:  o*'eiiib'-oidered  (hill's.  Tlic 
h.indierafts  wear  a  Mvie  Ihif!',  of  tlv:  ininuf.;.'  ui-  of  ] 
th.e  eountrv,  but  in  nir.ke  itdi  .er';  th  fr«i>i  Uif  other.  |: 
Thr  Indiaiis  of  dillinction  are  l!'->>;'il,\r  in  wearing  a  I 
kind  of  rrowfvrs  of  white  cotton,  whi-.  lu'.efcend  (Votn 
the  w.-.i'l  to  the  middle  of  fl'i-  Fj;.  l"he  barbers  here  il 
.'.re  dilKu-.iniiiF.ed  by  the  Hlie'-efs  (jf  their  linen,  and  li 
cle:*,'.iuv  of  their  drefs  in  ;;eneral.  'I'hty  have  Ihirts  ^1 
wit'lunit  Heeves,  abiitit  the  neck  they  have  a  kind  of  ' 
blatktoUar.wldi  alaee  of  four  tiiij^er;,  bre.idth,  whieh  !] 
forms  a  f'jrt  i>f  frin^.e  that  falls  on  the  lloiiiach  and  !| 
iF.oulders.  They  wear  iV.oes  with  tj-.jld  or  fd\er  j 
buckles,  but  no  lhK--kinjr>;. 

The  women  wear  the  Faldelin,  a  fpeeie'^  of  Hays 
or  rather  iumps.  A  lliik  wiiicii  defeends  only  to  tiie 
wailh     A  bav  ;nan;le  whicli  inclofe.s  the  upper  p.trt    ] 
of  the  boiiv,confii1in^-ofan  elland  ahalfofthar  lliiti", 
and  their  uho'.e  drefb  is  ornamented  with  riih  lares. 
The  drefs  of  th.e  laboiirin;^^:  women  is  nor  dillinguilh- 
able  from  that  of  the  ladies,  but    by    its   inferiority, 
the  fafliiun  being  the  fame.      A  Mongrel,  or  Creole,    „ 
is  known  by  the  fuperiority  of  his  habit  and   hi.i  in-    ;| 
gonuity.     Tl-.e  Indian  pe.ifant  wears   a  bay  mantle  ;    • 
and  the  coinmon  native  Indian  a  piece  of  f.itkcloth    ^ 
f.illenedover  the  nioulders  bv  two  pins. 

There  is  anotlier  fpcciesof  Imlianiin  this  country, 
of  ratheraf.ilr  complexion,  delic.ue  habir,  arul  fm.illcr  ' 
ftatuiethan  tlie  ordinary  Indians.  They  are  panicu-  ; 
larly  dillinn;tiiiF.ed  by  their  larr;c,  weak,  blue  eyes,  ; 
•whi'th,  unable  to  Ix'ar'the  light  of  the  fun,  fee  beft  by  |i 
moon-light,  from  wliich  they   are  c.dlcd  moon-eyed    |; 

Iiuiians.  .  j 

The  Rovcriiir.cnt  of  Tu-ra  Firir.a  i;.  on  t!ie    t.tme    :' 

f'-otlni;  with  that  of  Mexico.  i 

The  cruelties  and  ravages  co.nmltted  byPedrorias  ' 

and  others,  who  firft  leduced  thefc  Provinces  under  the  j 

crown  of  Siwin,  alii'oll  exceed  belief.   Pedrorias  and  | 

111.-,  luccelVors  did  not  .Ullroy  lefs  in  Terra  Firma  (inly  , 
tiian   Soo.ccc  peo]de  ,  and  plundered  the  country  erf 

prodiaious  quantitiesofgold.     The  [^ovenu/r  and  his  , 

otficcrs,  tvtrv  dav,  invented  new  torments  to  make  j 

the   Indians  difcoVer  their  gold  :    fomc  they  racked,  ! 

others  t!>ev  burnt  by  inche'-,  till  they  expired  in  tor-  i 
ments.   M'anv  thoufands  wciv  dellroyed  on  the  coaft 

ofNew-.-Viuialufia,  bv  being  obligeil  todive  for  pearls  j 

bevond  tl;eir  ftrengvh.  Thevkept  p.uks  of  great  ma-  j 

ilitfs  on  jM'rpole  to  hunt  and  tear  in  pieces  the  Indians;  j 

and  v.-ould  often  kill  vjne  vuihout  any  otVenre   i;iveii.  \ 

The  greateft  praice  of  tiie  country,  named  H.ig.ota,  ■ 

from  whom  the  capital  city  was  ai'tcrw  ards  (  ailed  Santa  • 

FedeBag,ota,  atkr  he  had  broug,lu  in  a  prodigious  , 

quantity   of  S:,old,  by  difpatching  exprelles  to  every  , 

))art  of  his  dominions,  w,is  fo  tortured  to  make  him  ' 

produce  more,  that  he  expired  under  the  hands  of  lus  | 
niercilefs  perfecutors. 

We  fliall,  for  the  entertainment  of  our  rcidi-rs  con-  • 

elude  ourdel'criiJtion  of  Terra  Mrma  with  an  account  ! 

of  the  faiiious  expedition  to    i'anama,   nude  by  the  | 

celebrated  Buccaneer  captain  (afterwards  Sir  IlenryJ  i 

Monran.  ' 

'1  his  enterprifing;  genius,  wli)  was  a  gentleman  of 
a  ^!ood  familv  in  Wales,  lit  fail  from  Jamaica,  on  this 
fxpeditio]!,  with  nine   lailofflups    and    Hoops,    well 

.Arriving  on  the 


up  a  biilk  tire  on  the  Buccaneers.  This  orcafioneJ 
Mr.-jian  to  hit  upon  the  following  llraiagciii  ;  He 
lei/.-d  all  the  friars  and  nuns  in  tlie  town,  and  com- 
pelling tlunt  to  m.nch  belbreJiim  iij>  to  the  wry 
w.ilk,  he  obliged  tiuin  to  tix  the  fcalitig  bidders,  in 
iloing  which  m.my  v\ere  killed  by  the  lire  of  their 
frien.'s,  as  well  as  enemies,  crying  for  mercy  in  vain: 
ar  length  the  Biicranecr ,  Ic.ded  the  w.dh;,  took  the 
pl.ice  by  rtorm,  aiul  afterward.s  employed  15  days  in 
lemoviniT  the  immenfe  treafiires  on  lioard  his  Hiip. 
He  then  obliged  the  governor  to  procure  loo.oco 
pieces  of  eight,  which  had  been  carried  ofr",  in  order 
toi.infoiu  the  townfiom  being  burnt. 

i  laving  intelligence  ih.it  the  governor  of  Panair.a 
was  in  full  march  ag^iinlt  him,  he  ])oirell'ed  himfelf  of 
a  difficult  pall'age,  and  there  totally  deleated  him. 

Morg.in  now  difmantled  the  forts,  took  fome  of  the 
bell  artillery  on  board  his  ihips,  and  returned  to  Ja- 
m.iica,  it  being  computed  that  the  Buccaneers  brought 
back  with  them  z^n,o;::>  pieces  of  eigh.t,  beliiies  a 
great  deal  of  other  rich  ell'ects  ;  but  the  feamen  loon 
confumcd  everv  Ihilling  that  came  to  their  ih.are,  and 
made  money  more  plentiful  in  t.hat  illand  tiian  ever  it 
havl  been  before. 

Thccajitain,  having  gained  great  reputation  bytlie 
Porto-Bello  expeilition,  the  feamen  i  rowtled  to  be  ad- 
mitted to  lerve  uiuler  him:  having  aflembied  500  of 
them,  therefore,  he  lailed  to  Tortugua,  a  little  itlanii 
near  the  northern  coall  of  Cuba,  where  he  was  joinetl 
by  a  great  many  fe.imen  more,  to  the  number  of  :ooo, 
whom  he  emphiyed  in  iumting  and  falling  uj)  beef,  in 
the  illand  of  Hil'paniola,  to  vicrua)  hi.s  fleet;  and  beinr 
now  ready  to  fall,  he  divided  his  ficct,  confiiling  of 
!"  fliips,  into  two  Iquadrons,  conlfituting  admir.ils  and 
otlii  r  oilicers,  to  whom  he  gave  commiflions  to  com- 
mit holillities  ;igainlt-  the  .Spaniards,  decl.iring  them 
enemies  to  the  crown  ol"  iMigland,  and  caufed  articles 
to  be  iigned  by  hisothcer;,  wherein  every  man's  Iharc 
ol  fhe  prizes  which  iF.ould  be  taken  was  fpcciiied.  re- 
lerving  an  hundredth  ]iart  of  them  only  U)  himfelf. 

rheir  tirlt  enterprize  was  againlf  the  illantl  of  Pro- 
vidence, which  >!iey  retook  from  the  .Spaniards  again; 
and  while  the  fleet  lay  here  he  lent  Brodley,  his  vi;e- 
admiral,  with  four  iliip,  and  400  men,  to  take  the 
c.illle  of  Chagre,  at  tiie  mouth  of  the  river  of  that 
name,  uhich  they  forrunatvly  reduced,  though  it  w.is 
very obllinaiely  defended.  Morgan  receiving  .idvirc 
of  the  fuccefs  of  his  lqu,idron  at  Chagre,  followed 
them  with  the  rell  of  his  fleet,  .ind  leaving  a  garrilbn 
111  the  caltle,  fcieded  1  :oo  men,  with  whom  he  marcli- 
eil  over  the  illhmns  towards  Panama,  and  the  country 
beingdellroyed  before  him,  hismen  underwent  incre- 
dible hardlhips,  as  well  for  w.int  (jf  proviiions,  as  from 
the  badnels  of  thero.u!  ,  which  l.iy  overpjcks,  itiout- 
tains  and  morafles,  .ilmolt  im[>alV.il>le,  and  ;;:  leiigtli 
was  obliged  to  Hght  his  way  tlirouirh  ati  army,  which 
the  governor  of  I'a.iama,  h.id  allembled  to  oppi>le  him. 
.'\fcending  amount.iin  on  the  ninth  day,  they  ubi.iined 
a  view  of  the  South  Sea,  and  the  b.iv  of  P.ina:na,  at 
which  thiv  were  fooveriosed,  that  they  fee;iied  to  de- 
fpife  all  danger,  threw  u])  their  caps,  founded  their 
drums  and  trumpets,  and  fliouted  as  it  they  h.id  been 
already  mailers  of  the  cit  ■,  and  encamijed,  or  rather 
lodged,  for  they  h.id  no  tents  with  them,  in  view  of 
the  town,  deiigning,  to  attack  the  place  the  next;norn- 
iiur,  but  w<ri'  [)revented  by  the  I'overnor's  marchin:; 
out  ag.iinfl  '.hem  .it  the  he.id  of  fou:  regiments  of  foot 
and  two  Iquadroiis  of  horfe,  with  whoai  Morgan  en- 
g.iged,  and  Within  two  hours  tleieattd,  when  they  lied, 
le;iving6no  of  their  men  dead  upon  the  held  of  battle, 
and  the  lofs  on  the  fule  of  the  Bucc;u»ceis  was  very 
conliderable  :  however,  following  the  enemy  clofc  at 
the  heels,  they  fcaled  the  wall,  without  making  any 
breach  in  them,  for  indeed  they  had  110  artillery,  and 
became  inaftcrs  of  the  place  that  day.  Morg.in  apprc- 
heiuhng  that  his  men  would  be  fo  elated  witli  fiicccis, 
that  they  would  get  drunk  now  they  were  come  into 
plentiful  ijtiiirters,  g.ue  out  that  all  the  wine  wai  poi- 

funed. 


APIIY. 

I'liis  orralionfj 

lli.uagcin:     He 

rowii,  ;iik1  com- 

11  j)    to   the  very 

ili.'!,';   I.iikicis,  ill 

the  iiiT  of  thiir 

ir  mercy  in  vain: 

w.'.iN,  took   the 

inetl  15  (lays  in 

li  i.ml   his   iliip. 

luicun;  100,000 

;il  lift',   in  oriiiT 

t, 

i-iiK^r  of  Panair.a 

llclicd  himfclfo!" 

dt-'tcar.'d  lii;ii. 

took  ibmc  of  the 

t  ritiirncd  to  Ja- 

t cancers  ln-owght 

eii'iu,   beliiies  ;i 

the  kameii  foon 

i>  their  ihaie,  and 

ilantl  tlian  ever  it 

reputation  bvthe 
rowded  to  lie  ad - 
anVirdiled  500  of 
;na,  u  little  illand 
ere  h<:  was  joined 
■  number  of  2000, 
faking  up  beef,  in 
fleet  1  ami  bein;- 
:ct,  confiding  of 
tinp  admirals  and 
imiHions  to  com- 
S  deci.irinf^  them 
nd  cauled  articles 
every  man's  Iharc 
was  fpecificd.  rc^ 
Inly  t.)  hinildf. 
the  illand  of  Pro- 

•  Spaniards  a,:s'>iiii; 
Brodley,  his  vicc- 
nen,   to    take  the 
■"  the  river  of  that 
:ed,  though  it  was 
I  receiviiij;  advice 
Charre,  folloi\rd 
lca\inL,  a  garrifon 
whom  he  niarcli- 
'.,  and  the  country 
undiTwent  inere- 
roviiions,  as  from 
ivern)cks,  moin- 
le,  and  :;r  lengtli 
1  an  army,  which 
■d  to  oppiile  him. 
ay,  they  obiaiiied 
X  of  Panama,  at 
ey  feemcd  to  de- 
is,    founded  their 
i  it  they  had  been 
iiiipi:ti,  or  rath'T 
hem,  :n    view  of 
ce  the  iipxtmorn- 
ernor's  marching 
ii'gimcnts  ut  foot 
ho;n  Morgan  en- 
1,  when  ihey  l1ed, 
he  lield  ol  battle; 
aiieeis   was  verv 
le  t  nemt  clofc  at 
:Hit   makini;   any 
no  artillery,  and 

Morgin  appre- 
ated  witli  fiicccfs, 

were  conic  into 

he  wine  wa<  poj. 

iwied. 


AMI'.RICA.] 


sour  II    A  M  V.  RICA. 


S^S 


foiu\.,  and  proceeiledtopiarrpii.iids  atall  tlic  avenues 
to  tile  city  to  licuie  his  conqtieli,  when  on  afnd.icn  t!iC 
wl-.ole  city  appeared  in  llames,  hivin:'  been  fet  on  lire 
in  leveral  plaees  at  tl'.e  f.ime  iiillant  ;  wiiich  thoU'di 
fonie  of  Morgan's  enmics  cliarje  on  him,  it  is  cer- 
tain he  j^ive  orders  forexiinpuilhingit ;  oth.eisfuggelt 
that  t.he  Spaniards  lired  it  themfelves,  to  prevent  the 
tie  .dure;,  laid  up  tiiere  fiiliiig  into  the  l',,inds  of  t!-.c 
liurcaneei  s ;  lu.r cm  it  be  liippou  d  that  Morgan  fliould 
burn  t!ie  town  before  iie  !'.ad  pofielfed  lii;iifelf  of  th'.- 
pii;nder,  and  deltroy  the  lirii  prize  he  hud  obtained 
with  fo  much  hazard  ar.tl  diffKulty.  Hut,  however 
iliat  v.as  it  is  generally  aj/retd  that  tlie  city  continued 
Inirnin:',  fiveral  days,  and  very  few  hotifes  were  le!t 
ifandiii;!;.  They  related  that  ;ocoof  the  lioufes  inhi- 
bited by  t!ie  julncip.d  people  were  built  with  ceilar, 
P.M.]  that  tc  re  were  5VOO  iivire  of  tiie  inferior  tradef- 
Men,  wirli  vi'tal  beautiful  eluirches  and  monalleries  in 
;iu'  place,  I-ffire  this  accident,  it  being  the  mi;',axine 
o*  all  the  ':ealiurs  of  Chili  antl  Peru,  whicli  were  an- 
nually laiil  up  here,  in  order  to  be  tianljjcjrted  to  va- 
rious parts  of  I'urope. 

i  lie  foiiiii.rs  afterwards  fountl  rreat  quantities  of 
jiate  and  nnniey  nielteil  down  amonff  the  ruins,  and 
more  hid  in  wells,  i>r  buried,  ai'.d  took  zoo,o'^o  pieces 
i-:'(i  'ht  out  of  a  ihip  that  lav  at  anchor  in  the  har- 
lo'i". 

Morgan  h.aving remained  nearn  month  at  Panr.m.i, 
and  C(.l!.".  u  the  ranfom  his  prifoiiers  had  a:'ieed  to 
p:n  ,  load.ed  :oo  bealis  with  the  triafurc  he  had  y.otten, 
ai...  li  lui'  \1  to  Ventide  Ciu/,  where  lie  pui  it  into 
boars,  an.  '.<  nt  it  down  tiie  river  Cliarre  t.i  the  callle 
o.  tint  !>  line  ;  but  the  ]'.  i'(  a.'c-rs  of  the  Trench  anvl 
Jlu'  h  ria'.iiiii..  murmured,  that  tliere  did  not  n-oic 
til. Ill  zoo  puces  of  ci",ht  fjll  to  the  fhan'  of  each  pri- 
vaLe  i,.pr,  and  ctiirged  their  iK'n.ir.'l  with  concealing 
the  iiTdt  valuable  part  of  tlic  prizes  ;  vliereupcn  the 
1'  reii'uers  let't  him,  r.nd  faileil  to  the  illands  of 'I'oi- 
tuga  and  I  lilpaniola  to  join  th.eir  coun:r\!;ien  ;  and 
MoriMii,  aftei-  lie  liad  lilev.n  uj)  the  e.dile  of  C'haiie, 
;uid  the  foi' ilications  about  it,  retiiined  to  Jamaica 
with  the  le.l  of  his  lleet. 

s  1-.  c  T  I  o  r:  II. 

V  1.  R  U. 


'~|~'iIIS  i.ountr.'  w,! ;  liiiVov'rei!  vr..\  conquered  by 
X  the  Spani'ids.  1:  does  not  feeii  to  have  bten 
know)  b)-  an\  '•' neral  name  when  tluy  aniveil  here; 
but  It  isfaid  'hat  the  diicnvererv,  meeting  witli  one  of 
the  natives  oil  tli'-  coaft,  and  di-mand.ing  what  coun- 
frv  it  was,  the  Indiaii  an!"wi  rett  Peru,  or  Bern,  ihat  is, 
What  do  you  lav  ?  '1  he  Spaniaid  ,  ajiprehendiii";  he 
iiul'-rdood   tiiem  right,  cniuluded  the  n.iire  ot  tlic 


,1   are  the  Cordilleros  Acs,  AnJes,  the  rippprp.irtsofwliicli 

I'    are  continually  covered  with  fnow,  and  the  air  is  Co 

I'ubtile  as  to  be  unfit  for  refi>iration.     It  never  rains 

I    ill  thofe  paits  oi  tiiis  country  \vhich  lie  contiguous  to 

I    the  fe.i  Colli,  '.'xccpt  near  the  equator.     TIk  whole  is 

Well  watered,  the  low  grounds  are  fertile,  and  this  is  the 

I    only  country  between  t.'ie  tropics  that  produces  wine. 

I         In  one  put  of  Peru  are  mountains  o*'  a  llupeniloui 

heiiiht  awl  magnitude,  having  their  fummits  continti- 

I     ally  Covered  v.ith  fnow.     In  the  inlaid  parts,  and  b^ 

:    t!ie  banks  of  rivers,  the  foil  is  in  general  fertile;  but 

along  the  Tea  coafl  it  is  a  barren  fand. 

I'lie  moft  remark;ible  animals  of  this  country  arc, 
the  Peruvian  llieeji,  called  paces  or  luiancui.  'I'hey  arc 
of  the  bignefs  of  a  (lag,  and  refemble  a  camel.     The 
body  is  cov(  red  with  a  courfc  kind  of  wool :  they  are 
veiy  tr.iilahlej  and  were  formerly  the  only  bealls  of 
burilun  among  the  Indians.     Their  flefli  is  very  good 
meat,  and  elleemed  as  innocent  as  a  chicken.     It  is 
as  white  as  veal,  pleafant  to  the  palate,  and  cafy  of 
dige(tl<jii.     Their  height  is  from  four  feet  to  four  and  :i 
lialf.     They  generally  carry  an  hundred  weight ;  and 
Walk,  holding  their  iieads  up,  with  wontlerful  gravity 
and  majellv,  and   fo  regular  a  pace,  that  no  beatint^ 
W'ill  niak-  theiii  alter  it.    At  night  ir  is  imjiofTible  to 
make  them  move  with  their  buithen;  they  lie  liown 
till  ir  is  taken  ofi',  and  then  go  to  graze.     Their  com- 
Ufm  foo'i  is  a  f  irt  of  gral's,  fom.ewhat  lik?n  iinall  ruih, 
v/ith  which  all  the  mountains    are   covered.     Thefc 
fheep  eat  li'tle,  ind  never  drink  ;  fo  that  they  are  very 
cifily  kejvf.     Tlie  Spaniards  ufe  them  in  the  mines  to 
carry  the  ore  to  the  mills.     Tlie  vicunas  (anotlierfpe- 
cies  (jf  lhc''p)  are  fliaped  like  a  pacos,  only  they  af, 
fmaller  and  !;;'lu:r.     The  Spaniards  call   them  In 
dian  goats,  becaufe  they  refciiible  that  animal.  Their 
wool  is  ver,'  'ine,  and  muc'i  valued  :  befiiles,  the  be- 
iar  llone,  which  is  f.iid  to  expel  ;-oilon,  and  toj'erforin 
many  gieat  cures,  is  found  in  them.     Their  deer  arc 
much  lefs  I  hen  ours.     Tliey  have  not  many  wild  be. ifti; 
and  (uch  .is  they  have  are  not  fierce  or  dange.'^ous. 
The  cattle  imported  from  luiropc  are  much  iiKieafed  ; 
and  moil  of  them  run  v.'ild,  and  are  hunted  like  other 
game.     'I'he   Peruvians  have  no  tame  fowl  b.i:  thii 
niiana,  v.-|;;c!i  fomcwhat  refcmLl^s  tlic  duck,  but  is 
much   1, tiger. 

A  verv  v.ihiable  article  of  their  produce  and  com- 
merce istlie  quin()ui!ia,  or  Jefiuts  F.;irk,  whicii  grows 
in  tlie  mountains  of  Potofi,  and  alii)  in   the  jM-ov'ncc: 


thi; 


I  'Ullltl  v  w.is  Peiu,   I 


rhir 


y  v!  ich  it  has  been  called  from 
t;iat  time  to  the  p.;-'  :  nr.  It  was  governed  by  a  vice- 
ii>y,  whole  imifuiclion  likew :le  extetids  o\er  Chili, 
Jucaran  and  Paraguay. 

Peru  is  fituated  between  the  equator  and  25  iW-^r. 
of  fouth  latitude,  a.-.d  extends  fiom  60  to  ■'5  deg,.  of 
wed  longitude,  being  about  i  500  miles  in  length  and 
coo  in  breadth.  It  is  boiiiuied  by  Terra  I'irma  on 
the  nortli  ,  on  tin'  e.dl  by  the  mountains  called  Cor- 
delleros  ties  Andes;  on  the  fouth  by  Chili,  ami  on 
the  well  by  the  P.uir:c  Ocean. 

M.itiy  river;  rife  in  the  Ande.;,  tind  lun  through 
f!iis  country,  among  which  are  the  Grande,  Oroonoko 
ind  the  .'\m:i2one.s,  fuppofed  to  be  the  largell  river 
ui  the  World,  either  v.ith  regard  to  the  length  of  its 
t  )'.iric  or  the  depth  of  its  water. 

There  are  fome  waters  in  Peru,  whidi,  in  their 
eoiitfe,  tvn  into  flotie;  and  here  are  alfo  fountains  of 
'i-jiiid  tn.irter  called  Coppev,  refembling  pitch  ami 
t.-ir,  .iiid  ufcd  by  fe.imen  for  the  fame  purpofes. 

'I  owards  the  Pacific  Ocean  the  mail  is  high.  Tliirty 
rr.tltsfrom  tlience  within  l.uid  a  chain  of  mountains  ex- 
tends ii  conlide.abJe  way,  and  ,ibou:  80  m:!':s  f.irtlier 
No  50 


of  Quito.  It  is  about  the  fr/.c  of  a  cherry-tree, 
leaves  round  antl  iiuk-nted,  and  it  bears  along  reddilh 
flower.  The  moil  ufeful  tree  here  is  called  maguey, 
which  at  once  fuj)pl:es  a  delicious  drink,  hon(;v,  vine- 
gir,  timb(  r,  lump  and  tlircail,  d.e  two  lall  being  niado 
from  the  leaves,  (Idks,  isrc.  Needles  ;iie  made  of  the 
j'lickles,  aiul  tlie  fruit  converted  info  a  kind  f)f  ioap. 
Rhubarb,  tamaiiiuh,  farfaparilla,  d.ra_7'"s  blood,  llo- 
r.ix,  guai.icum,  bananas,  melons,  \c.  are  other  vege- 
table produc'.ioiis  of  Peru.  I  lere  are  l-',tnop^-an  corn 
and  truits  in  plenty,  but  the  principal  part  of  the  bread 
is  made  of  callav.i  root;  but  moll  of  that  balfam  which 
beirs  the  name  of  Peru  lomes  in  lad  from  Mexico. 

That  valuable  artic  le  of  the  commerce  of  this  coun- 
try, cochineal,  was  formerlvfuppofed  to  be  the  fruitor 
I'eed  of  fome  parti'  il.u'  pl.int,  but  now  is  afcertained 
to  be  an  infecl.  It  is  bred  on  a  pl.int  calh-d  Opi:ntin, 
or  Pricklv  Pear,  whicii  confilts  wliolly  of  ihi^k  I'uccvi 
lent  oval  leaves  joined  end  to  end,  and  fpreading  otit 
on  the  fides  in  various  ramifications.  1  he  (lower  is 
l.irgf,  and  the  fruit  refembles  a  fig;  this  is  full  of.i 
cnmfon  juice,  and  to  this  juice  the  cochineal  owes  its 
colour.  When  the  rainy  leafons  come  on,  thofe  who 
ciiltisale  tl'.is  jilant  cut  off  the  heads,  whi"h  .iboiind 
moil  with  liich  infeiMs  as  are  not  aniveil  at  t!-,c:r  lull 
growth,  and  prei'erve  tiiem  very  carefollv  from  tlie  wea- 
ther and  all  oth.er  injuries.  Thefe  l)r.inches,  though 
lejiarated  fioin  their  p.Tent  flock,  jireferve  their  juices 
for  a  long  time,  and  this  enables  the  'initt  not  only 
to  live  rill  the  rains  are  over,  buttog.o'v  toi'sfiiU  lire, 
6  Y  ft'd 


T!    1 1 


■>u 


Jy 


\  NTAV,  rA")YAT.    \vn  AU'lUrNlIC  5,VS'l  I-?vl  o.    IM'^  I  K-M,  (,!-(V  ,K  \PHV 


( 


yf 


■\r\C\  ;ie  ir.  r'-.'..lincr.; ...  .-.rinc^  foitli  its  young  ;is  foon  ns 
the  iiKK'iniMcyof  tho1t-:ilun  is  p;ift.     Whta  tliistimc 
loiiii- .  on,  '.lu'v  iirt-  Imnu-ju  otir,  .inJ  jilufd  ii)Hiii  il.c 
^  rt)[  ii  pi.u.ts,   I'.ifpoli-il  in  'i'.tU-  nclts  ot'  l^mic  mvily 
UiLli.iiu:c.     By  thf  ciilivcniii^;  inrtiifiiio  of  thr  lirlii 
:!:i,  they  biiiig  toiih  in  thici-  or  tonr  il.iys  .u  t.frthfli-, 
^^ilc•n  t.'K-  voung,  fc.vae  l/iuger  tlmn  .*  iiiiti.',  nm  .ibunt 
witli  w.indfrtiil  ctficriry,  .uid  the  whole  jil.int.uion  is 
im-nrili.it-ly  pcopi"ci.     Wh.u  i<  fiiiwnl.ir,  this  aniin.il, 
lol'vely  Hi  Kb  intancy,  quickly  lofts  uli  irs  .ictivity,  aiiJ, 
.UMfhiiif^  itl'elf  toilie  lealt  expofed.um!  moll  fuLeiileii: 
\>.%n  of  theleaf,  clir.!.;s  theie  v. ithor.t  ixe:  ir.o.iiiir.     It 
.:v  ix-ni.iik.ible,  th.ir  it  Joes  nor,  .u  le.ul  in  ..ny  vifible 
ir.anner,  iiiiiriC  the  jiUiiit,  but  cxtia.r>  its  nuuriihmeat 
bv   means   of  its  jirobnkls,  throj^rh  the  hue  tegii- 
i..ents  of  the  le.ivcs.     The  males  uf  ihi-.  fpecies  ol  in- 
fed,  ilit]\|- greatly  from  the  fem.'.les,  than  vihiJi  they 
•.ire  fnnlkr.      Tlie  male.';,  in  fac:.  ;;!-e  of  no  v.ilue,  i!:e 
females  or.lv  bein;^  gatheinl  for  i;fe.    The  v.xlue  ot  the 
.!ru;^  chii.it  ,•  coiiiilU  in  tlie  met'md  ot  killing  and  dry- 
iDu  the  infect.   Tiie  firit  is  by  dippiiii;  the  bafi^et,  into 
v/hicl;  they  are  <i.itliered,  inm  boiiinsi  water,  and  alter-    1; 
wardi  drving  tltem  in  the  fun  ;  tlit  leconii  by  drying   >.'■ 
ihejn  in  ovens  ;  an.i  'he  third  by  dryinj'  theni  on  c.ike.s   |j 
of  iTiaizc,  which  are  baked  .ipoii  Hat  lloncs.     'riie  lall    \\ 
ia  the  woi  \\  kind.     One  admirable  quality  of  tliis  drug    [ 
J:,,  that,  though  it  iielor.gs  to  the  aniai.d  cre:ition,  it 
l.evcr  decays.     Without  any  otlicr  care  than  having    ' 
been  put  into  a  bo-;,  lomc  have  been  known  to  kcep_  j 
60,  and  even  an   ico  year?,  .and  retain  their  (inality.    ' 
It  is  ufed  in  dying  all  the  kveial  kinds  of  the  Imelt   j| 
fcailct,  criiiifon,  and  purple,     (iold  is  found  in  every   || 
province  of  Peru  ;  and  there  arc  abnndAnce  of  lilver    1] 
mines, of  which  the  moil  rich  arc  thole  oi  Potofi,  dii-    ■, 
Covered  in  i  <;45.     The  cuickfilvc- mines,  near  Lima,    ij 
were  difcovcred  in  i^>>~ -,  and  in  15-1  the  Spaniards   ,1 
Krit  began  10  refine  tiieir  lilver  with  mcicury.  !' 

The  natives  of  ihi*  empire,  in  general,  acknowicd!.;?  ,1 
tlie  dominion  of  .Spain,  and  appear  (at  kail  outwardly)  j{ 
to  profefs  the  Roman  Catholic  pet fu.Uion.  They  are,  \\ 
however,  very  much  oppielfed  by  the  Spani.irds  in  'I 
ger.cral.  || 

The  native  Peruvian';  arfofa  middl!i\:!;i*atnre,  have  '' 
olive  (.omplexions,  and  bl.n.k  hair.  When  they  were  •: 
tii'l  conquered,  tiieir  manuladuicswere  woollen  and 
co-.ton  rlofiis,  which  were  wove  and  dyed  with  all  man-  , 
ni T  of  colours  ;  but  none  were  permitted  to  wear  a  va-  i 
1  legated  garment,  cxccp:  thole  of  the  blcjod  royal.  ' 
Their  carpcti  weic  made  of  tlic  \vor,l  ot  their  fltcep  or  , 
line  goat.,  h.iii-  i  and  their  ha.nmocks  (jf  cotton  or  net-  I, 
nork.  Their  carpenter:.  tooL  were  principally  hatchets,  ] 
made  of  copper  or  fiiats.  Tiifir  f:o;e -cutters  tooi;,  | 
were  Iharp  flints  or  pebbles.  Puilies,  and  other  liinges, 
were  entirely  unknown  to  tliein  :  yet  under  ail  thefe 
dil'advantages,  theyraifed  fbrong  and  ir.agniticcnt  edi-  / 
ficcs.  Their  needles  were  thorns  or  tine  bones,  and  '' 
tlieir  threads  the  liti.'w;  of  animals,  or  the  fibres  of  ' 
plants,  or  of  the  bark  of  a  certain  tree.  Scillars  they  . 
i'.ad  none;  and  their  kniv.'s  v.ere  tlint  or  copper. 
Their  combi  were  made  of  long  thorns,  let  on  each  | 
lidc  of  apiece  of  cane,  wliirh  ferved  for  the  back  of  'i 
the  comb  :  and  the  razors  tliey  lliaved  their  heads  with  ' 
were  no  better  than  lliar])  fiintsj  in  which  operation  the  ij 
j-eifon  fullered  lb  mucii,  th.U  tliere  w.i:,  noilung  tht  ' 
.'"-paniardscarried  over  more  acceptable  to  them  than  the  r 
razor  and  frilTars.  Tiiey  had  n'>  looking-glafies,  but  1; 
mftead  of  them,  the  Pcruvi.in  .adics  m.ade  ufe  of  a  J 
lound  plate  of  p(tlill\((l  brali,  or  copper,  and  in  this  the  '' 
natives  of  the  Kail  Indies  agree  with  thcin,  havingoio  'I 
other  mirrors  at  this  day  than  what  theygetof  thcEu-  ll 
ropeans.  The  feveral  nati.ins  v.-erc  diflinguiOied  by  || 
their  head-drelles ;  fume  weaiing  a  kind  of  turban  of  "\ 
rotton  rioth,  otiurs  a  fiii!',)-  piece,  others  a  kind  of  ji 
hats, and  others  caps  in  the  form  of  a  fugar-loaf,  &c,  I; 
Theblacknefbof  the  nrgr.j  flaves  that  the  .Spaniards  I! 
broughtwiththem,  ftruck  them  greatly.  They  could  j! 
not  believe  it  to  be  natural,  having  never  fecn  a  black  .' 
in  .America.     They  defirrrl  the  Spaniards,  therefore,    I 


to  let  them  make  rxpi'iimcnt,  and  riv  if  tluy  could  not 
walhofVthe  bl.ick  p. lint,  aatiiv)-  took  it  to  be. 

_The  Peru\ians|!o!'Vl".a:]uicknif.  -if wit  andllren!"-:h 
of  judgement.  .^U(  hoftlieuia.  h.ive  h.id  tiiead\anf!'gf 
oi  uu'.llers,  lini-e  rh''  arriv.il  4  the  .Siianiards,  iiavr-  w- 
nei.illy  m.ule  .ui  extr.'^oioin.iiy  proucirnry.  Whc-ii  the 
.Sp.iniards  tiril  .ippeired  .unong  them,  tliev  acknow- 
ledged one  Almij'lity  i'eing,  maker  ol  he.iven  and 
earth,  whom  thc\  called  l\:J\:-Camac,  i.  c.  'J  he  .Soul 
ot  the  L'niverle.  1  he  next  objed  of  adorntion  was  the 
Sun  ;  the  priells  of  which,  who  itfTiciated  at  L'ufco,  were 


lilood  I 


I5c 


.  their  fellivals  celebrated everv 


nioiuli,  they  h;'.l  four  otiier  grand  ones,  the-  pnnc;p,il 
ot  which  was  celcbrared  in  June,  in  liouour  ot'then 
firll  Inca,  Manca  Capac. 

The  meanell  of  the  luroieans  aHlimc'  rtate  as  loon 
as  they  find  themfelvestr.ml'ported  amoiigthe  Indi.uis, 
blacks,  mulattoc-j  mellizors,  ^,c.     Any  good  or  ge 
nerou.s   ai-'lions  performed  by  them  are  the  effect:;  of 
their  v.mity  and  imaginarv  nobiiitv. 

TheCreolian,  bear  a  great  anti])athy  to  the  native 
.Spaniards,  of  which  one  le.ifoii  is  iii|)polld  to  be,  be- 
caufe  they  fee  thole  (Ir.mgers  in  polleflion  of  prime 
places  erf  the  Ihite.  In  their  outward  behaviour  thev 
all'ect^reat  gravity,  like  the  l-.uro[)ean  Spaniards,  to 
whom  thev  are  not  infeiior  in  wit  ami  genius,  .icutencfi 
.iiid  undeifl.indirig,  hut  kli,aclivi-and  iiard)'. 

I'.lieminac'-  and  Iknh  teem  tjbe  peculiar  to  the  in- 
habitants of  this  couiiiiy;  for  it  is  obferved,  thatthok: 
who  luive  been  bred  co  labour  in  Spain,  grow  idle  lierc 
in  A  fhort  time,  like  the  Creolians.  They  are  fober  a.' 
to  wine,  but  eat  a  great  dc-al,  .md  after  an  indecent 
manner,  fomctitnes  all  oat  of  the  lame  difli,  and  with- 
out folks. 

The  Creoli.ins  freely  f.icnticc  to  the  palTion  of  love. 
Ballards  arc  is  much  regarded  here  as  the  lawfuUv  be 
gotten  children,  provided  t hey  are  owned  by  1  he  f.vher, 
and  there  is  no  dilgrace  intivrent  to  that  birth. 

'i'he  Creolian  v.oinen,  though  not  u:idertli'-  rellric- 
tion'..  of  the  Sp.milli  women,  lr:ldom  go  ab!o;id  in  t!-,c 
day-time;  butat  ni;:!it  theypurfue  their  pleafure  witii 
great  freedom.and.utfondof  intriguing,  though  thev 
ulitally  conduct  their  gallant.'-icii  under  tilt;  Ihade  of  their 
ceils. 

SoiiM-oftlio  P'r'ivian  barks,  or  reflMs  are  made, 
like  double  canoe^  joined  together,  wit!i  [loles  whicii 
pat's  crolVways  and  being  covered  with  a  ikin,  fervc 
t!ie  boatmen  to  lit  ujion.  Oihers  .\y<-  cunllnicteil  :n 
iiietbiiiiofrafts,withalargefailmadeof  matting,  and  a 
ludilcr  at  one  end,  near  wliieh  there  is  the  tire-place  or 
Ivartli,  and  a  tire  .iluiys  alight.  IJetwcen  thetwo  mills 
tliere  i;,  a  kind  of  cabin  on  the  deck  ;  an'd  the  mails 
tl'.emfe''. es  ioiii  to  the  tc^,,  and  fupport  not  only  the 
tail,  but  the  little  [lendant. 

They  liipply  the  place  of  bridges,  in  many  partsof 
Peru,  by  C(jn:rivances,  w  hich  they  call  tarabites,  I'hefe 
are  ropes  and  thongsofle.ither, extended,  fromonefide. 
of  the  n\er  to  tlie  other,  and  tiillened  to  pilesof  wood 
fixed  in  the  earth.  Ah.tmmock,  with  two  loops,  Jiangs 
to  thefe,  in  which  a  man  mav  lie  at  his  eafe.  Tholo 
v.ho  :ittend  on  the  fide  from  whence  it  lets  oft",  givr. 
him  a  pulh,  which  larriet  him  on  to  the  middle  with 
great  velocity  :  from  the  middle,  tholeonthe  oppolite 
l.depiill  the  hammock  by  ropes  falleneil  to  it,  and  the 
perlon  ihusg,etsoveriiiat'cwinllants.  I'Or  thepalFagc 
ot  lioiles  andiTiules,  tliere  are  two  ropes  atafmall  dil- 
taiicefrom  each  other.  The  animal  being  gilded  tight 
i:.  fulpeiidcd  ujon  a  Hat  piece  of  voodi,  between  the 
two  ropes,  to  which  he  is  fattened  by  grooves,  iv  drawn 
over  byiopcs.  Somebeallswillgcjover  very  quietly, 
but  others  are  forced  to  have  tiuii  legs  tied.  In  ma- 
ny places  the  tarabites  aremadeof  Ikinsipreadall  the 
way  overthc  river,  for  pe(i])le  to  walk  upon,  who  hold  by 
»  rope  on  each  fide,whicli  letures  them  in  the  manner 
of  railing,  and  enables  them  to  jjaiis  the  unflcady  bridges 
without  any  d.anger. 

Peru  contains  two  audiences,  thofc  of  Lima  and  Lus 
Chircvs,  or  La  Plata. 

Lima, 


ithy  to  the  native 
lipolcLl  to  be,  bc- 
jlll'Hion  of  prime 
li  birhavitmr  thcv 
■:'.n  Spaniards,  to 
t^cnius,  ,ii:ut',-ncls 
iliani)-. 

X'cnli.ir  to  the  in- 
•ll'rvfd,  that  tholi: 
in,  t>ro\v  uik  Iwrc 
They  arc  lubur  a? 
after  an  iniietcni: 
ne  ui/li.and  with- 


po  abioad  in  li-e 
leir  pleafure  with 
iinp,  thoni;'!  liiev 
rtiiclhadeot'tlicir 

Vrf\'-]y,  are  inadr. 
with  {)r)h-s  whieii 
ivith  .1  Iki.i,  fervc 
I''  runllni.'ted  :" 
ofiiiatting.anda 
i  the  lire-plaee  or 
een  the  two  nulls 
:  i  and  the  malls 
lort  not  or.ly  the 


?e>>  atafnudl  dil'- 
;in!^  gilded  light 
Oil,  between  the 
roovcb,  iv  drawn 
^cr  very  quietly, 
gs  tied.  In  ma- 
ins fpread  all  tlic 
;>on,\vIioholdby 
n  in  the  ir.anner 
undtady  bridges 


1   • 

m 

'a 

1 

m 

tfl 

i 


I: 


i'« 


3f  Lima  anU  Los 


!',  ' 


|4Mf|» 


■rf 


AMI-.iilLA.l 

L'.in.  thecal 
ot'.iU  l^-ivi,  ir,  1: 
the  lititud"-  of  1 
mine  v.alh'-..  ti' 
rtone  briclr".". 
q'lrike  alnrt'l  ci 
three  miivjtcL,  1 
who  cnric  iM)iir'i 
bits,  hid  not  I 
and  fqiiare,.. 
to  a  very  coiiP 
violence,  Mn;  V,, 
all  the  nfi(:;I-:h()i 
men,  woni'ii,  ai 
torrent.  Niiict 
the  fripiterallrc 
ofthe'  ivr?,  to 
the  fj'i'c  ot"  fill 
v.ith  (h<  itirte; 
.IS  the  lirlli  I'oth 
lowing  yiar,  nc 
andforrt-ofthiir 

I  2,OCO  pCOJili'  ])i 

and  proptity. 
vrred,  ;i!-d  is  Iti 
I'erii,  aiid  tho  ic 
ment  is  nicnni.i 
term,  the  fovcrc 
enjoys  ail  tlic  pr 
officers  are  appc 
For  the  fecurity 
guard :^,  or.e  oi"  1 
The  hnn'c  puard 
s.  captsiiiiinc  liet 
liceuwitl;  illvcr. 
clad  ir.  rri.T'.fnn 
g;old^  ind  do  d'.:t 
ence  chntribc;-. 
within  the  priLu-< 
from  the  gairifo 
iWy  empbv.-d 
and  eniorcinj'  t! 
have  received  the 
of  the  viceroy  is( 
courts  ofiiifliro 
all  degree:,  or  per 
calk.  '.  audienrn, 
conri(T5.  ofei^rlu 
Here  isalfuathj 
a  coiirt  for  thr 
withom  lawful  ht 
biinal  of  the  inq 
hofpital: .  V.  iih  ai 
thefevcral  fcienc 

The  iiihabitar 
Spaniili  .A.nicric, 
Mulattoc;.,  Iiuiia 
lies  were  very  n 
third  or  fourth  | 
lity  of  J'cni,  v.; 

If  L.iiranas  n 
cncot  rht  mod  d 
but,  unh-^ppilv  I 
length  fu.Tificntt 

Calla",  rhc  jv 
of  that  f  .-y.  It  i 
iirecnefl  finm  tlv 
Two  fiotas  aniui 
near  Po'oli,  ,:o(r 
ing  rer lived  tl'.c 
of  Marcii  -,  thco' 
May,  with  all  th( 
Chili,  ar.d  Peru. 
Valparaifo  V.wt. 
annually  for  Ac.i 
and  the  commod 
.nagazint's  here, 
\inccs  of  ■^n■,^.'ri. 


* 


AMKillLA.] 


S  O  i;    r  II      A  M  I    R  i  i    A 


J47 


Li\i",i,  tlKTipn.il  of  ilif  .I'Lii'-'iicofrh-if  ivmr-,  iinii 
of.iU  l*<-;i!,  i.'.  li'ai.iii'il  in.i  liiu-  v.illcy  r.cit  ilir  tl-.i.in 
the  litit'i;!'-  of  i  :  ilcj',.  :  luin.S,  A  river  oK  tlii  r;iiiif 
nunc  v.'allv..  ihf  v.ill,'.,  owv  \\hich  wn:,  :i  li  in.i!!'Jii;C 
rtone  bii;!;".'.  In  i"'4')  a  iln.nUu)  O.t)  !,  of  an  i-;rth- 
q'lake  ;ilfni>'l  'jntin'lyili'llrovi'ii'h'.i  ritv  iiitliiMpaiX-oI 
three  miivjtcL,  Iniryinp;  in  rhcniiir.  tliok  nili.iliiiiinis, 
who  rnric  i\()uring  to  f.ivc  tliciniioU  [Mt-iioiis  inovt;!- 
bles,  hid  not  nvidc  fufliricnt  h.ille  ir.f'i  the  Ih-cifs 
and  fqiiare^>.  At  tli''  I'jnic  time  liiu  k-.\,  rerediru); 
to  a  very  conT'di-rablc  liiilaiKt-,  rt'tiiriu-d  with  lui-h 
violenrr,  tin:  (."all.io,  wl-::  a  w,i,thr  pur:  of  I  Jm.i,  .iiid 
4)1  the  ncijijl'bouiiiij;' o'.iitr-, ,  were  laid  uiul^-r  v/aifrj 
men,  v.'oni;"n,  and  Iionf-. ,  hcin,^  fwejit  a\vay  v. ith  tiic 
torrent.  Nincfi-n  wliV' .,  n..,i  of  2 ;,  wt-rc  Uink  j  and 
the  fripitccalli'd  St.  Firmln.w:!'.  carried,  liy  tlie  Ion  e 
ofthr'-Mve?,  to  a  qrcir  diltaiuc  up  tin-  (o  intry.  i-'or 
the  fparc  of"  pnir  montl:;,  the  conninio;!-  rriiuimu-d, 
v.ith  (he;  r  irltr:  U.'-,  and  many  of  tlirni  WiTc  as  vi<)k::t 
.IS  the  lirll  i  fo  tha'  ln-lbrc  liic  cjth  of  M  uv  h  i'l  the  lol- 
lowing  yi-ar,  no  lefs  fhiii  .yy  llun'ka  Iiid  bicn  I'ch, 
andforrrijfthiinnolrfs  dreadful  liian  the  lirll.  Above 
i2,ocopco]di' ju-rillicd  in  liv  ruin*,  (jf  iheirown  c(T(.<'ls 
and  property.  Jt  iias  now,  in  fome  ire.ifiirc,  reco- 
vered, ui'd  is  iHll  ilie  rapit.d  ,'.,id  iiiru  I'lnporiuai  of 
Peril,  a;)d  tlie  icfideru  e  of  tl;e  \i,eri')-,  v. !io|i'  grnern- 
ment  is  triennial  ;  ihoir.'^'i,  at  tf.e  e:-:pi;atioii  of  th.'.r 
term,  the  foverei;.'n  may  renew  lu:;  con-.iiiiirion,  He 
enjoys  .ill  the  pornpand  prerot^.itive.s  of  royaltv.  Ail 
officers  are  appoinred,  and  places  fdled  up,  by  liim. 
For  the  fecurity  ot  hii  p.-r<(i!-,  !.  ■  !••:■,  two  corps  of 
guarch,  or.e  of  ho.'fe,  and  t!:e  oth'/r  of  halberdiers. 
The  hnrfc  ~uard:ci^nuilofi6o,  nr.derih.e  coiniuandof 
0.  capt-iinandiieurensnt ;  aridfluirunifoins  are  blue, 
laced  with,  illvcr.  The  halberdiers,  in  nu:.;ber  cc,  are 
clad  in  cri.ilfoii  velvet  wa.i^.  or.i.-,  deepl;,  l.:ced  with 
gold,  and  do  d',:ty  in  rooiiir,  le.u!:;-!;;  to  tl-.e  .^nai  audi- 
ence chainber.  Befides  thcfe,  there  i 
within  the  prdare,  of  ir>-)  men,  bei-. 


from  the  gair;f(;:i  of  Callao.  All  oir; 


.'.  di Mel;,; lent 
.  a;e  01  v'afion- 
i.\\y  empbv,-d  in  e:;L-ciiri.-i|;  tiie  orders  of  the  v;eeror, 
and  eniorcinj'  the  derreej,  of  tjje  t'ibdr.al.s  after  tluv 
hav;  received  the  inyalaiTent;  fir  !'',:rhtlie(iii!Ciir:e.'-.ee 
of  the  vice  roy  is  cfteemed,  v/ho,  b;Tidi's  alliiliiuj;  at  the 
courts  of  inf!;re  ,ind  cotir-,i:Ils,  gives  daily  audi<'nce  to 
all  degree:,  of  pcrfons.  Tlie  fupremc  tribunal  of  Lima, 
cillf.  '.  audienra,  is  held  in  the  viceroy's  palace,  and 
cnnfif^s  ofeicjit  auditors,  and  afifcal,  for  civil  artairs. 
Here  :s  alfo  a  clumber  of  act  ounts,  a  board  of  ti  eafury, 
a  court  for  the  efFcds  of  perfoi;s  dyinj^  inteflate  a.'id 
without  lawful  heirs,  a  eouncilof  commerce,  and  atri- 
bunal  of  the  inqrdlition;  m;'.ny  convents,  chapels  and 
hofpital: ,  v.ith  an  ur.ivcrfiiy,  in  which  aie  j)roteilorsof 
the  fevci-al  fciencts,  and  tliree  llihorilin.ue  colle<.';es. 

The  inhabitant?  of  tirs  city,  as  of  .ill  the  other.;  ui 
Spanifh  .America,  confills  of  Spani.utb,  .MelTi/oi's, 
Mulattoe;-.,  Indians,  and  Ncgroei.  'J'he  .'^jianilh  fimi- 
lies  were  very  ninneroua  before  tlie  <  aitliquake.  A 
third  orfourth  pr.r;  ol  diem  confined  of  the  chief  nobi- 
lity of  J'iTU,  v.holivr-d  in  the  !.\reaLefl  fplenJour, 

If  L.ima  was  nof  liibject  to  eaithqu.d;e: ,  it  wouki  be 
cneot  th*;  mof!  drf'rable  places  of  aboele  in  the  world  ; 
but,  iinh  -ppiiy  the  interval  between  ihefe  is  never  ot 
Irnf^thfu.Ticicnt  to  obi  iterate  the  remembr, nice  of  them. 

Calli'i,  the  port  of  L.ima,  is  litu.ited  fix  miles  welt 
of  that  f  i"y.  It  is  tlie  beil  harbour  in  the  fmuh,  bein;^ 
icrecned  from  the  winds  bvthe  llhuidof  ,St,  Laurence. 
Two  floras  annu.dly  I. id  tVom  hence  ;  one  for  .Africa, 
near  Poruii,  ,:hout  the  end  of  bebruary,  which  ha\'- 
;ng  received  tlie  filveron  boaid,  returns  in  the  month 
of  March  ;  the  other  for  Panama,  in  tiie  be_uinning  of 
May,  with  all  the  trealhrcsand.  merchaiuli/eof  Potofi, 
Chili,  and  Peru,  Thofe  of  Chili  were  broupht  by  the 
Valparaifo  fleet.  Refides  thefe  fleets,  two  fliips  fail 
annually  for  Acapulco,  freifihed  with  eold  or  lilvcr  ; 
and  the  commodities  thev  brin;;  back  are  lod,!;ed  in 
magazines  here,  and  rctailctl  to  all  the  louthirii  piu- 
\inccs  of  .'Vmeric.i. 


.III'IV' 


Cliff  o,  the  capi.-'i  ^fii,  rii.idrc  of  Per':,  tcfor'?  th': 
.-  I'ivd  ofihe  ,Spania,Lls,  a!>',i  the  feat  uf  the  f.".':as  or 
ki.'i  •,:.,'liinds  about -iP.'.i  milesfiom  Lima,  towards  the 
eail.  li  w,is  r'leti  verv  larr^e,  i;.a|.-n;fi<:ent,  and  jwpu- 
lou.s.  I  Kre  l^jod  the  f.unous  Temple  of  the  Sun, 
wh'ch  i:.  tail.'d  Cinia.  hiirchi,  and  contained  immenfc 
riches.  T'lf  li.cao  refified  in  a  part  of  the  citadel, 
the  V,  .ills  (jf  which  were  encr;ilked  with  gold  and  fil- 
ver,  and  the  whole  tbrtreis  wis  built  of  Hones,  fo 
Ion  I  tii:'.t  feveral  oxen  could  h.irdly  draw  otie  of  them. 
It  is  lUll  a  coni'derable  tow;;,  containins:  great  nun. - 
(lers  o;  Spani.irds,  Ct'-oliins  aiv.l  Intiinr.s.  The  r.ir 
ii  very  pure  aiul  wholeiumc,  iukI  the  neighbouring 
toumry  veiy  pleafaiit  and.  fruitful.  Here  are  fomc 
r.ianiiiii.  u;ri.  1  of  bays  aial  cutton  cloth,  and  alfo  of 
leatiier  ;  a;Hl  in  the  aii';!cent  countrie';  are  gold  and 
lilver  iliiiv.i. 

Arcquiba  iVands  in  'lie  valley  c-r  Quik)?.,  on  a  fine 
river,  bv  vvliich  It  has  .'.  communication  with  the  1(.m, 
dilfant  abtiut  :o  ieas'ue; .  It  is  o.oeof  the  moll  bcaU- 
tiUd  and  [ileai.int  towns  in  .sllPeiu. 

Giiamaiu';.',  iSo  miles  e.iil  cf  Lima,  is  the  fee  of  a 
biiliop,  and   contains  an  nnivcnlty. 

Truxilk),  .50  milfs  ri'iirii-v.eiL  ot  Lima,  contain i 
only  low  hoffcr,  en  aeci^vifit  of  the  t.cqucnt  eauh- 
qiLikes.  (iuaiiicliiCo  is  it:;  port;  and  the  inhabitants 
cany  on  a  ;rieat  trade  in  wiijc,  brandy,  fiax.  rr.arma- 
iade,  and,  al>ove  all,  fiujar,  as  thev  cultivate  plenty 
01"  fu^;ar-canes  in  the  nei:.;hbouriiood. 

The  audience  of  Lo,,Chircos,  or  Ln  Plata,  is  bo'jn- 
iled  on  the  north  by  tint  of  Limn,  bci.-g  f  70  ~iic« 
in  a  IfraiLdit  line,  and  aco  wide  ••There  broadeft. 
The  cliiiKite  is  various,  the  foil  is  in  "general  fertile,  and 
the  principal  ommodiiies  fib-er,  gold,  and  pimento. 
'1  he  chief  places  are, 

La  Plata,  tiie  cnjjital,  wldch  is  the  feat  of  the  gover- 
nor of  the  province,  o'  tl;e  .aichbifkop,  an  uniyerfity, 
a:'.d  court  or'  ii-.cjuilition,  v.Tiicl!  1:  fi.bordinate  to  that 
of  Li IV, a. 

Po'oii.fo'aiu.u;  on  acToiih.'of  the  rich  filver  mines 
in  its  neigidiourhood)  Itaiuls  ;'.boui  60  miles  from  La 
Plata  to  the  fouth-eall.  Tlie  Spaniards  and  Creoliani 
IicrtaiV  pofiefledot  imirenle  riches.  .-Vll  their  clothes 
of  ."okl  and  lilver  itulV-,  ,ind  tlieir  kitchen  f'lirni- 
■  and  plates  of  filver,  v/liich  is  not  to  be  wondered 
■1  a  cou;i:ry  wliere  that  metal  is  as  common  as  cop- 
perand.  no.i  a;e e!lev>l;ere.  'J  i.ey  !..ive  great  frolls  and 
fi.ouE  here  iu  Mav,  Jvir,-,  .''n.i  July ;  and  the  nei;rh» 
i)oi;ri;i:i;  co.mtry  is  barren  and  uncouth,  cfpcciaLlv  tht 
!iiount.;in  that  conr.iins  t!ie  mine:;.  Tlie  tov.-n  is  ne.~ir 
tv.-o  leagues  in  comp;it';,  ainl  eonfequently  the  largeJl 
in  Peril.  Ti.ere  are  lour  principal  mines  of  filver,  be- 
li.les  otiic;  fmalleroiies,  NotwitlillandinT;  the  barren- 
r.e!..  oft!;e  couiniv,  tiie  town  is  well  jrovided  with 
ever\  necefrurv,  lo.iie  pnA  inces  lending  the  bell  of 
t.'ieir  rnaiii  and  Iruit,  otir'rs  tlieir  cartlc,  a.nd  others 
tiieir  m.inufacUire';,  '!  iiole  who  trade  in  European 
(oir.;iiodiiies  relurt  to  Potoi"!  as  to  a  market,  where 
ti.ev  a.e  fureof  iMinertingtheir  ;r,erchandizc  into  lil- 
ver, .Another  Ipecies  of  co:nmerce,  carried  on  by  a 
let  of  people  called  Aviadorc;,  confiH-' in  exchanging 
coins  tov.-ards  p-iyiiri  t'le  neccfinry  cvpcnccs  of  the 
workmen,  lor  ingots  and  pin.ios.  As  for  tix-  article  of 
quickfllver,  it  is  v.luilly  ingrofled  by  the  crown. 

An  opinion  prevails,  that  the  difcovcry  of  the  filver 
mines  v.-a-;  owing  to  thii  accident;  An  Indian,  Hual- 
pa,  [iiirUiing  tome  wild  goats,  came  to  a  fteep  place, 
and  lei.'.iiij';  a  ihrub  to  aid  h.s  airent,  ir  g.ave  wav, 
when  he  behclu  a  mais  o;  nlver  beneath  the  roots, 
lie  hallened  home  with  the  fir'.t  fruits  of  his  difcovcry, 
wallied  tlie  fih'cr,  ar.d  made  ufeof  i: ;  repairing,  when 
his  lloik  was  cxhaulled,  to  the  rnounrains  for  a  new 
fupplv.  In  tlie  courfe  ot  titni',  an  intimate  friend  of 
his  (jf.fervinn  tiieextraordin.i!^"  chan;:e  in  his  clrcum- 
Ihinces,  was  deiirous  of  krowinr;  the  c  lufe,  and  urging 
hi'v.  clofely  on  this  head,  obtained  an  ainpk  difcovery 
of  tilt;  wliok"  ii.cret.  For  K^me  time  they  mair»- 
tained  a  kind  of  part.'^erfhip  ,    but  JHu.alpa  rCiuung 

to 


tin 
ar 


')•.! 


m 


■rio 


1! 


li;.;! 


'1: 1 


m- 


1 1 


J43 


A  NFAV,  ROYAL  and  AUTUFNTIC  SYSTFM  or  l'NIM-.U.>AL  illOGR Al'IIY 


to  difdofc  his  mi'thod  of  jMirlfvinp  tlu"  nvt.ii,  f>)  nf- 
tciuifdhii  comrade,  iii.it  Vx  iniiniiti.it(lv  icvimIciI  ilic    , 
wholi;  to  his  maltcr  \'il!arc;il,  a  Sii.ini.ini,  wixj  lived 
at  I'orco. 

Ei-lidis  the  filvir  mitus  wwr  I'otofi  tluTc  nrcminy 
othtTi  in  thi-  autlicr.ci',  il'ixci.illy  towards  Chili. 
TIktc  .ire  Mo  fo.ne  of  j^old. 

At  a  linall  dilUncc  fto,n  this  phcc  are  hot  nu-di-  ; 
ciii.il  batlis,  to  wl)ich,  ,is  in  other  lountries,  foii;,-  re-  , 
fort  for  health,  and  otlurs  f.)r  divcrfmn. 

L.i  i'di  is  :i  conii'.l'  i.iblc  tDwn  fitinted  near  the 
fpring-lu.ui  of  .1  r.ver,  about  120  niil-sfroiii  La  Plata    j 
to  tiu"  norn-wert.     The  inmintaiiis  of  the  adjaceiu    | 
count;     abound  in  [V'ld,  and  the  j>hin  and  va'lies 
in  p. ..in,  fruit  trees,   and  liilds  of  ni.i:/e.     .'Xbout    j 
thiKV  miles  to  tlie  north-we'.l   of  this  t.rvn  lies  tlie    j 
like  of  TituMOa,  which  is  So  inlles  in  circnniferenr  •, 
and  has  a  comaiunication  with  tiie  lake  of  Faria. 

Arica  Ibnds  on  the  fea-coall,  and  has  a  got)d  h  ir- 
bour,  but  contains  only  about  150  t'amilies.  I'or- 
merl  .noil  of  the  lilvcr  of  I'otoli  w.i.s  lli!;);--.!  here 
for  Lima,  but  now  it  is  ehielly  lint  b>-  lan.i. 

.Sj..:.i  Cru'.;  lie  la  .Sierra,  or  'he  1  loly  Crofs  of  the 
Moun-ain,  is  the  capital  of  a  little  pri)vi:-.:e  nortii- 
calt  o:  Plata. 

Althuu.;,!  the  Spaniards  pnlTifs  only  a  f<-w  cities  in 
the  c.\ttnfi\'e  provim  e  of  I'ucunian,  tii'  y  have  never- 
tlielefs  the  dominion  of  the  whole. 

Tl.'-  citi'.'i  p  )ircired  by  the  Spaniards  are,  St.  Ja;;o 
de  Ellcio,  fo  called  from  a  rivc-r  on  wtiich  it  is  litu- 
ated,  whole  mundatioiii  j-ieatly  contribute  to  ferii- 
liae  t:ie  adiacent   land,  St.  Mi<;uil   del  'riicuni.ui, 
NeuAra  Sennora  dc  'r.d.ivaia,  Cordov  1  de  la  Nueva, 
Andalufia,  Rioja,  and  tlie  la.-ge  vdla;_^e  of  San  S  d\  .1- 
dor.      I  he  two  iirll  of  thdV  are  the  moll  coiifKli-r- 
able  i  the  two  la!t  .are  l',-,iall,  and  built  withotit  order 
or  fymmetiy.     The  chief  I'.ctij^ii  of  the  court  of  M,i- 
drid  in  ma;ntainini:  Icttlrnv.'nts  here  is,  to  lecure  a 
com  ,  •imcatinn  btrv.ixn  the  colonii's  (in  tlie  South 
and  North  Seas ;  for  the  comiuodities  of  tiic  country 
of  themfelve.'-.  would  hardlv  rf'i;nbur*."_- tlie  cxpeiueof 
keeping  ginifoi.:, :  tliey  v   niia  cliicrly  i:i  honey,  wax, 
fu;.;ar,  wine,  cot  m,  woi  lien  \[<.\\]>,  m.'.r.ufachircd  by 
the    native.-)  i    ;■:  d   :"       ,  ir.;;.-:i  adir.ired  for  tlicir 
llren^ih  and  1,  ilir, ,  i-ii  whuh  accotiiu  j'rear  ntimbers 
of  ti;ei:i   arc  cxpoifd  to  otiur  jrovi.ues  ot   South 
Am  -I  ica. 


h.ifon  an<l  otlier  utenfils  \\iili  him.  A  inec!ianlc  is 
lirtlled  nun  h  in  the  lame  ii'.iiutcr,  v.  ith  tins  difilr- 
enee,  tliar  he  walks  about  with  all  hii  tools  p.icktit 
up  in  a  bundle  behind  iiim,  which  has  fomewlia;  t.he 
rel(  niblance  of  a  portei's  knot.  '1  he  ptafants  ate 
mat,  but  ornament  thcmfelves  v.'tli  beads  or  llulh, 
and  a  common  Indian  only  wears  .1  plain  looic  gar- 
ment, which  the  women  fo  contrive  .is  to  v'.ury  ti.tif 
child: en  on  tlieir  b.icks. 

(^lito,  tlie  c.ipit.ii  of  the  province,  is  fe.tted  iii  .1 
pKatant  valley,  ivtween  two  cliains  of  liis^li  nio'in* 
t.inis.  It  is  aiiout  a  mile  in  len^;th  and  tliree  vpi.u'- 
ters  of  a  mile  in  breadth,  and  is  a  bifliop's  ice. 
There  are  fever.d  religious  commur.i'ies,  and  two 
Ci)llej;;es,  which  .ire  a  fort  of  univerfitiei,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Jefuits  and  Dominicans.  It  con 
tains  arout  ;5,o;o  iidiabit.mts,  of  v,  liich  one  liiirJ 
an:  ori^iinal  Spani.trds.  All  li)rts  of  ir.euhaiidizi ', 
and  commodities  arc  csucdin;;  dear,  chiefly  on  ac- 
count of  the  tlitT'culty  of  brimming  then  hiilii'i.  Jt 
is  t;ie  f-at  rf  the  treafn.T  of  the  kir.g.ium,  as  \.i;!l 
as  of  ;':•  other  ofl'v  :  . 


II  1  S  T  O  li  Y 


PER  V. 


K 


mile 


Tlie  province  of  Quito  is  elVu.-.ated  at  niiout  400    i     1 


fO  defign  was  entertained  of  conqv.ciint^  Peru, 
wlucli  was  dil'coveri'd  by  a  Sj-Miiiaid  cilJtJ 
\.iho  Nuaii  /  de  B.ilhua,  till  tin-  concliiliun  01  the 
war  in  Mexico,  when  the  cKj-edition  wai  uiidcxtaken 
by  tiirer  private  pedijiis,  vi.:.  Pi/.airo,  Ahnagio,  and 
lie  I  Moui- i  the  two  fiill  btin^  clhcers,  and  the  laih 
nn  ecclelialiic.  It  was  lhi)ula;ed,  liiat  Pizario  fh.ould 
commanil  the  embark, luon  j  tiiat  Almagio  fliould 
fr.nn  time  to  time  railc  and  fend  him  recruits:  and, 
th.it  De  I  .uquc  Ihould  re;nain  at  Pinama,  anu  lay  in  am- 
intM)iti(jn  and  provilions  lor  tlie  fii|)port  of  the  entci  - 
piK'e  ;  ami  they  apiud  to  lli.iie  the  proiits  anting  bv 
thecxj  edition  equally,  .iltir  the  cmj^eror';,  tiliii  Ihould 
be  i!ei'.Ui"ted. 

The  diliicultie.s  Pi.'irro  met  within  thcnrft  attempt 
from  the  crofs  winds  and  currents,  and  the  iiicellaat 
lain.s  tliat  fell  near  the  liivi.itor  were  fucii,  that  ail  l;is 
men  foilcok  him,  and  returned  to  Panama,  except  14 ; 
but  AlmaL;ro joining  him  with  fomc  recruiis,  theitf.vo 
i'.eroes  demanded  tocoiuinue  tluircourfe  totlie  fuuih- 
w.ird,  and  h.iviny  cionid  the  bay  -..f  Panama,  went  on 
Ihoie,  <x;  eitiiij;  to  iiav,'  found  a  p.ni'.ige  to  Peru  by 


es  in  len;j,tn,  and  is  iituate 


d  b 


etv.-een   two  cliains 


of  the  high  inoiuitains  called  Cordilld^..^  di  .^  .Andes. 
The  lands   are  generally  well  cultivated,    and  tl'.ere 


d  by 


It  the  Cou:itry  being  ove.lloweel,  or  e".ci::iitier 
,■  rocks,  wood;,  and  mountains,  thcv  weic  ubji 


ged  to 


!  foi 


return  on  board  a^rain,  ;uid  fettinti  fail  to  the 


iiward,  niadcfo  little  v. 


thattl 


are  a  great  num 


ber  of  towns  and  v:!la::e'i 


file 


Sp, 


iards  or  native  A;n'rii 


ins 


I 


■vbited 
verv  \il- 


in  advancing  to  the  bay  of  (iuiaquil 


icy  wc.c  two  ycais 


r 


rrt  Ci 


oniK 


ial)le  town 


latji 
th'. 


V  VI 


lage  IS   ornamentca 

church  (lands  on  one  fide  ot 


Willi   a   lar-e   Iquare,   a:ul  t:ie 


lie  roatls  ;.ie 


V 
Ml  t 


fitedt' 
fP 


iciewasr.K 


ci'vof  I'umbez, to; 

of  I'.is  officers  to  let  him  know  tlicv  c.ime  as  fiicr.ds 


lec.u  nniev.nereot  l'i/.aiio!eiitone 


laid  out  in  a  line,  c  vlhr.g  eacli  other,  fo   that   tr.e     '     ae.ii  tlie  cacujue  theieupon  Icr.t  tin  m  all  miiinerofic- 


afpeit  of  the  countiy  has  tlie  ajj 


carilen. 


It  might  be  imagined  tit.it  this 


'.ce  ot   a  larj'e 


( ountry  is 


verv  liot,  but  it  lies  fo  high,  and  fo  ne.ir  the  ir.oun- 


ta:t!s  covered  with  Inow,   tl-.at    tl 

per.\te.     ThtT  m.igiit  have  pier, 

Lima  iud  not  an  exclulive  privilege  of 

thcrr'.felves.     Thev    have  no  vicunas  or   guanacoe 


freniiiunts.    Not  having  a  fulli'-itnt  body  of  troops  to 
undertake  fo  iirp<irtant  an  expedition,  lie  returned  tn 
nts,  i.'kinfjwith  hm)^>ineoi" 


'aiiama  tor  re-ini'iixemr 


a;r  is  vi-iy  tun- 

i,f  v.ine  here,  if 

n-.:i!;inir  it 


the  in 


habita 

th' 


ants,  anunils,  uiul  T-.Kures  ol  I'erii, 


{? 


II- 


xarni  then  went  to  Sjiain,  procured  rlieempcror  s  com- 


ir.illi' 


returned  .-.iil  ti.'ok  with  liim  three  ofhisb»<»- 


ther?.,  and  fet  fail  fir  Par 


hut 


they  have  an   ani.n 


al  of  the  fame  ki 


na  iip<  n  anoti.er  exjx-th 
V.  itfi  liim  125  fol 


A.  D.   i^rr      lie  had  :vav 

and   :"  hc^r!;  ■ ,  v.  ;;li  v  aicli  heiandcd  .'iiul  beg.m 


railed  bv  the  natives  lamas,  which  i.s  like   a  f  nail 

.1    c:.n  carry  fifty   pouniis  weight.     Tliey    jj    his  dej'redatioii;.      J  l.c  Indians  fled  before  him,  b-at 


came 


an 


have  all  fort;  nt'  materials  p:oper  for  dying;  and     ,    many  of  hi:i[)eople  d.ying,  he  ient  liis  fnip.s  b:i..k  laikn 
feveral  forts  of  fruits  ami  plants  v.hicli  have  been    (i    with  plunder,  to  bring  moie  recruits.    Almigrojoj 


brought  fro.n  Spain,  belides  tliofe  that  naturally  grow 


;liimwifli  re-infiTceip.ents,  tiiey  .ulv.;nccd  togtther. 


here.   They  h^.ve  alii)  imported  beeves  ami  flie.'p.   In     li    d'i'e.'fed  ;i  lar;u'  b<jtiv  of  Pt  r'.ivians,  took  the  town  ef 
the  northern  p.irt'.  they  iiave  g,re 


The 


diabit 


ants  o 


f  (.i^ii 


It  op.iantiries  o!  goU!. 
■  fond  of  drefs.     Per- 


oiiiba/,  with  i:r.i.ie->fe  trealiip  ' 


hicn  w(  re  lieapt  u 


u()  in  the  fniple  of  the  Sun  and  iIk  Inca's  paliciJ 


fons  of  diflinction  of  both  lexes  wear  I'ln.i?  garments,    i|    Tlvynov.  erec'ed  a  forri.-fs  near 


ind  a  kind  of 


r.aiitle  over  th' 


ir  flioulde 


•Phe 


drel's  of  the  Spaniards  is  [ilainer  than  that  of  the  In- 
dians, the  latter  being  ufually  of  flowered  cott 


on ; 


both  aie  fond  of  we.iring  ear-rings,  and  rows  of  beads 
lound  their  necks,  and  the   Indians  will  fometimes 


hr  fe 
tiled  the  Inca,  or  em;  '  lor  Atahihpa. 


d  then  j.ur- 


•Icts 


An  Ir 


Piz.irro,  finding  tliat  the  Ptnivi.iii-,  were  engaged  in 
a  civil  w.ir  among  thenil'tlves  tool;  j;ains  to  fo.-ijeut 
their  intellmedivilioris,  in  or.ier  to  pKvent  thcT  unil- 
II  him.    The  cafe  wa.s,   that   Atabihpa,  a 


iiiL'  ai.'ain 


ornament:  i:vi-n  tlieir  ancles  with  Inari 

diaii  b.'.tber  li.ii  i  long  lo).*<'  g.inn'-nr,  and  carrie 


his     I 


P' 


.•emi  erorlbiulcar. 


•gitlm;ire  b'r'h,  liaddrpoliU  and  . citined 


>1)1  relied  t 


:en. 


T 
l.-iiter 


AMr.T^If  ^  1 

hrter  ap.'i'    '  t" 
ulurper.      ■   "    ' 
a;v.)l;M:ion  t  .  Ox 
c  lUiitiMi an  ■  ■. 

Atibili.iA  a.1-1  1 
vicv;,  the  .'  in.  iri 
duii:vT  cho  •  r-.;v'ii 
made  tlie  '■■■■•'    ■  1 '■ 

A  marr:    hav.i 
C's  't  Pan    11.1,  ar 
ater  tlie  llau, filter  I 
of  their  civineror  .' 
Ain  !!'•    .  ■  "mrra; 
all    .e  .-.i'  i-is.of  a; 
otli  ■•^  t"  . livid: 
tier    -he-,  -.o-ie,  a; 
de  au  h.j..,  an  '.  1 
p^oi.i   iiui  'liver  at 
ii;.  i.  imo'iiiii.  1  I 
er:.  ..'ill?  poll.  ,\'-i 
ail  ..inner  ot  cs 
very  'creat  raie,  ii 
nM!,eti':e.,  or  f  !■ 
proj-ertini'to  Icn 
ti.e  emperor,  IS  li 
thi  r  perdin.indo 
ni.iirs  ar.  iiiivht  ' 
arv!sinPerii,Rn<l  t 
b..esl'-na'dltd!l 

Alm.\p.r  1  alio  en' 
c.icrt  of  Sj.'.in,  V. 
hid  lent  and  c.ir: 
general  wnn  am 
time,  toeiidde  in 
f.ie  that  all  tlvai 
th.-  fo'uhward  of 
be  put  iii.v ier  h: 
ii"t  bv  tie-  gener 
r.dven".'r  rs,  to  t 
ohr.uir  d.ir'i'^oo  I 
reciiv(  ihan  -.ol  t 
It,  and  choir  to  c 
oftheirlives  mtl 
n-.  ire   ha;tards   ai 
tunes. 

Ata!filipa,rhe  i 

api  iiiigious  irea 

{Treat  part  of  it,  > 

f  -li uo^m'vhat  v. 

was  molf^  iiniulP.\ 

titis  iinloHnn-ife 

vengr  Vrp  iyed  1 

killc'l  li'  OP    'nti 

ha-'  dr;'"."  ';■    ■• 

a;it:'ivT  t'  •     ••"ci" 

':••-   •■■;)  ;i.M,i;'.r\i' 

(t.  r.,1  ;  but  liu-li 

liie  cru'  •  ..vn'ui 

ri  -/lae     ■■>ite  .' 1 

.  :,-        -ii-he^ 

:' r       •l.-renou 

•:•       :.a  re'  gn  t' 

:   ,  when  Piz.'.rr' 

I  t  ("ulco,  where 

ic  '2,t!ie  pcopli 

i\\  oTgreatell 

I     :  !',  toun'.  Ill 

;i.   ,    .-d  at  the  I; 

ther.  :    but  the 

nhr):r  to  ail'em! 

t'le'.'.-  i;v.  aders, 

Inca.uul  his  Pc 

n  r  t.i  leturn  to 

Th;  i'emcr.fures 

iity  ot  taking  a 

ali  the  fouthern 

tn;  :ii,   miiier  t 

k^;raiv.nsvi  Q. 

No. 


Al'IIY. 

A  infctunic  is 
V'itli  tliis  ilifRr- 
I'ii  tooli  jMcLa 
.i'>  lomcuh.i:  t.'i'.' 
lii"  |H;if.ui!s  a:c 

I'l.iin  louil"  t;ar- 
•li  to  iMiry  fi.cif 

^  i^  fr  \tctl  ill   1 

'>*'    hi^Il   IllOMJl- 

•inii  three  ijii.i,-. 
a  bi/liop'.,  lie. 
r.i'ii's,  an  J  two 
Ifici,  um!ci   till 

•f.lilS.       It    (•(,!) . 

>•  I'.itlioiie  liiirJ 
ire;.  Ii.mai7.« ', 
"•'liftly  (III  ,1^;. 
■M!i:i;uN.     Jt 


01 


K  R  L'. 

oiiqiirring  Toru, 

■S];.iiii.iid  ciljij 

oiuluiiun  ot   tlif 

\sui  uiKlutalvL-.i 

o,  Al.ii.-igio,  dnJ 

tis,  and  the  hih 

c  Piz.uio  fhouhl 

Min.ij/io  /liould 

11  rcciuits:  and, 

in^;  I.iyi(i3;n- 

Mi  t  ol'  the  tiittr- 

1  loiils  .uii:t;g  by 

i-Tul ':,  'il'tii  Ihoulj 

n  the  Hril  attempt 
anj  tlu-  iin.<(r.uu 
luch,  that  ail  (;is 

n.Ull.l.CXlipt  Lj.; 

iciuiis,  th'.lttwu 
'ii:fc  tothc  luiiih- 
PaiLKiKi,  went  Oil 
li.if^i  to  IVni  by 
:'il,  ortT'.ci::i.ber- 
.  they  wcic  objj- 
i'tiii!L;  f.iil  to  the 
^y  wc.ctwoyeais 

"iie.lt!ieic-\va5;'.c 
t  lM/.aiio1'<iuonL- 
(^■mu:  ai  fi  it'll Js, 
.ill  m:iMncro('(t- 
JiHJy  o^  Hoops  to 
1,  he  nrurncii  to 
\itii  hmXwineoi' 
[■-•- tjf  i\  1 II.  i'i- 
'f.Tjpi Tur's  i:r)m- 
'-'iric  uf  hi i  but- 
anotl-.er  rxjHTii- 
ith  him  1:5  fol- 
niicd  :iiu\  bfj.'.in 
iK-fori  him,  l)'jt 
';.ip.s  !\uk  laiien 
A]mii.;rojoin- 
.  ..need  togtihtr, 
o'.i.  the  toxvn  1^1" 
ich  wire  iit-aptd 
•  liiea's  pahiee. 
.1,  ;i:id  then  J. nr- 

ucie  enj^.ipcuin 
p  lini  to  lo.jjcut 
vent  their  uiiii- 
K  Atahilipi,  a 
id  and  ce'ihncd 
r:;in>.';.  'Jh«  le 
i.-itter 


Ja-ter  ap,'i  '  tn  Pir.irrofor  airti1:,ince  trletirnpc  t!»e 
Ul'iiper.  '  '  ;hc  eu.i'iarv,  .Vc'i 'lij'.uii  i.e  a  liiiiilar 
a;pl..  I  ion  i  .  t:'x  Spanim-,.)!  ror  then  b  •;nJin  j)  uiiil 
t  iu:.:en.in  ■  ■. 

Ai.ihilijU  and  Pi/arro,  >;iviiig  appointed  nn  inter- 
view, fhf  ;>  uiiirii'i  traK  !•  Kill,  itiiu  u  1  tae  Indians 
diuinr  ciio  jnr'ennoe.aiida.ivin:;  iUui;ii:LTed  many, 
liuute  t!ic  Ir!;-.-  .ii.on«i. 

A  i.iurr;  .  hav.n  raited  1  eonlidcrable  bxly  offor- 
C".  't  I'an  !ia,  aiTi. I'l  ai  t!ic  •  imp  o(  Pua: to  loon 
at  ertliell.ui.;litcr'>i  .he  lu.liaus,  in  1  theinipiiron'iieni 
of  their  cmiieror  Atibdip  i.  l';;::u  r.)  Went  out  to  Titrct 
Aiii  11"  .  •  I'liirratuhued  in-,  .in  v.;;,  lecciveu  him  wiih 
all  .e  .n  1  v;s  ot' alTVctioii  aiul  eiiecm  i.nat^iiiaoli-,  and 
ofn  •vt  t'.  .I;vid'- tiie  I'poi'.-i  NVi  n  lii.ii,  t;ii)i:^ii  K  IS  cvi- 
iler  :hv'.  ..i-re,  at  that  tiiiv,  meditaim^^M  ,ieii  oihers 
de  irii  h.j..,  .111 '.  ir  is  laid,  I'u  irro  di.ti  it)iK«d  a-  iniic:i 
f.ohi  >iui  'liver  at  tins  tim-  inioiV!;  the  Spairm  luidi- 
<!•.  \.  uno'iiiii-J  tu  ij,jcj,jool.  iteriinij;.  laetold; 
e!s  .".n^pur..  A'-d  ot  tnis  ';roJ.i^;i';-ii.s  weafth,  fell  men 
ali  .iinnerot  iv<  edib,  iMuiiig  ilie  pnei  o.  t  ,in.  .  to  a 
VTiy  <reat  rate,  b'-  otleriti.;  anv  I'lims  lo^raiiiy  tiurir 
nppetiTe.,  or  f  iiui>'...  Aiv.  n.r.v  I'iziir.)  ilu-.r^lit  it  a 
])fo;)er  lime  to  liMilover  ihel  itu  parr  01  the  ue.iiiM'e  10 
tiie  ciiipcror,  10  he  h.ul  i.ipuKt:;-cl,  and  witii  it  liis  bro- 
thi  r  i'erdin.indo  I'i/aiio,  t"  loiicit  t'orati  h  nini'orcc- 
ni.iirs  :\-.  iiii.ht  eltaoliili  tic  noi.iitiion  oi  tiie  ."ipani- 
:ir>!s:n  IVrn.and  topetinon  ih  11  l,!s^overnii.eniir.i,.ht 
b.:  (  Aiend'd  liili  farther  ro  t;;etoiithwaid ;  themarthal 
AlmapD  alio  en',  oved  ids  a  -ent  to  rcpri-init  10  t!:j 
C)nrt  ot  Sp  injWiih  wh.it  e '.penc.- and  applieation  he 
hul  |.  Pt  and  c.irr.e.i  r;-  i  irortv-:n'-n.  ,  mo  tu  .  A\<  d  t:  e 
I'jneril  wiiii  niivniuiitiini  and  .T'v.  inns trom  iimero 
inr,',  toeii  d)!e  liim  to  1"  ik'e  ui.'seompieil  ,  and  "o  dc- 
1  ;!■  th.ar  all  that  |).!n  ot"  .So  >th  Aiiu'rica>vii.<  li  I  >v  ro 
th-j  iuiuir.vard  of't.;e  lands  i^ranted  :•>  P'.zairo,  i.ii^ni 
be  put  iir.vierhi:.  e;ovtrniiuni :  and  v.ith  thel'e  a-snts, 
t'  "t  bv  t!i  •  freneri!  and  the  ni.ird^d,  return,  d  I  v.ral 
■.:dvin".'r  rs,  to  the  ininiber  i-f  .^o  or  ho,  who  liivmij 
oii.Miir  .1  v"^i'^so  Dr^o.cco  dii,-  its  a-pii^c  ■t.)rtrie;rr(T- 
jv->.i!velh.)ri  >ot  th'.lpoiis,  were  perfectly  l'i:!>^'iei;  wi  Ji 
1:,  and  chiilr  to  eniovwii  it  tin  yh.ad  got  tlu  remainder 
Ol  thfir  live',  in  their  owniDimtry,  ra:'.errl'.  m  muiergo 
n:  re  h.i:'..nds  an.l  d;(l'eult:es  to  incre.ife  tlieir  t'or- 
f,;;Hs. 

A'.i!iilipa,rhe  rnval  ;  riinnrr.hnvin'.,  oilVred  L-'i,;:irro 
a  pi  ill  i}i  ions  tr^al^re  l.ir  hi.s  l:;)i  rty,  an,!  .1  .tuaily  paid 
^u\n  partof'it,  \  as  (iill  dtrnineii,and3tienirthb.-iti;;; 
I  tiiipan  v.'ha:  v.^recaMed  Articles  of  impreathmenr, 
ix.is  moll'  tiniiillle  |.iir  todearh  Acaueiii,  :l;e  br.it. ler  of' 
thii  iinlortnmte  prinee,  l-.avmg  ih-ter  idned  (.n  iv- 
ven2;r  "it;^  iytd  l(!e^■pania^d.'.  on  their  march  to  (.'iifco,  ; 
I  illc'l  ib  HP  .nil  tvjok  oihers,  Sancho  de  Cellar,  who  1 
ha''  (ii-;'"."  •)■  '  t'  procef!  ;i:;a:nll  the  late  Inca,  being 
p:,v..niit''  ."IT.  \\  ill  ihefe  thev  retired  lha'i:;lm;r 
,i:'.r\iiv  place  wlieretlie  i'm[)eror  was  piir  to 


.«;  O  II  T  ri     A  M  F  R  I  C  A. 


5 '9 


" 1 —        .  I  I 

;   Intt  loch  ot  tlie  .Spaniirvis,  as  had  been  againll 

.1  •al'iire,  thev  relhired  to  liberty.   'I'l'ie  Fe- 

■uri:  .'ill  inriiiuii  to  treat  upon  reafon.ibie 

i'"i!e  i  dir.t  thev  Ihouid  im- 


1;li'  cm 
n  viae 

•  ;m-  lit  •;.(■ '"p.iiiMril 
!'  r  ■],-  renooiue  the  I  ielii',i.in,  f^ive  uj)  tiieir  eoim- 
■r  ;.a  If' !.',n  t'-.eir  friedom.  This  broke  olV  thr  trea- 
:  ■,  wiieii  I'lz.irri.  r  rehed  lor.vard  to  the  capital  city 
I  t  (."oko,  where  !.e  itrived  in  the  nioiith  ut  t)dober, 
ic  ':,t!ie  people  h  iMngabaniioned  thecitv,and  carri- 
I  .i  oTr.ieateO  rr  of  tluir  rr^Mlur.';  but  ftill  tao  .Spa- 
1  .;  !i/toun'.  iii  miieli  Kir  beliind,  that  they  were 
a.  ,  i-d  at  the  he.i;s  01  p(jid  and  filver  they  met  with 
thei\  -.  but  the  rei.ninf;  inca,  Manco  Capac,  bein<i; 
nbo'.r  to  ailemblc  tlu-  whole  Peruvian  n.ition  a^iinlt 
f'v'.e  in',  aders,  Pi'/.trro  tiictipht  tit  to  treat  wiili  the 
Ir.ca.iiul  hi;;  Peruvians.  ]h  even  invited  the  empe- 
n  r  t  I  ufurn  to  his  capital,  and  proclaimed  him  Inca. 
't  h'.ienicariiresPir.nrrotoiuKl  himlelf  under  thenecel- 
hty  of  takino;  at  this  time,  not  only  becaufe  he  faw 
•lii  the  lo'.idiern  provinces  of  Pern  anembrmfi;  ag.iinft 
t;L;m,  under  the  Inca,  Manco  Capac,  but  beciufe 
kj.-f.uriisvi  i^iiiiq-aiz,  an4  Other  i'cnivian  ^cnwals, 
No.   sC 


/i.Ui  auemolitu  i  verypre.if  nriny  in  the  northern  pru- 
viiietj,  .Hid  polliled  ti.eni  lyi-,  t.f  1.^1,1.  ,  \;,.i^li  ob- 
liged iiiiii  to  fvnA  a  coiiiKleraMe  de'..it'.irii  .i.oi  hij 
loiccs  under  ihc  coinmand  of  SeDalu m  Biialcazir  to 
rc-iniorcethenewcolony  CD.St.Mieliaera.anuio  make 
head  iigaiiill  the  Peruvian  gencraL  in  ^^iito. 

h<i,alo.i/ar,  ther'-'jpin,  s  iare!uii,»  iiitu  vjj^iito,  m.ide 
liimieh  mader  o(  tiiat  capital  city,  and  wa,  in  a  I'air 
V,  ly  ot  rediicin;;  f!u-  reil,  wiieu  advice  was  brought 
:  tiiat  I  on  Pedro  de  Aiv;ra:!o  was  upon  tiie  coall  of 
Peru  with  a  eonlidcrable  tl.  et,  andl.uided  ;oo  or  boo 
men,  iiirendint;  to  take  tlie  i^overniuentof  Peru  upon 
him,  andtxpcl  Pi/arro  nm\  Alm,ifi,ro  fr.iai  thence  ;  at 
wnichiiew>.,thefecwo  advent uter^Nv ere  ihi;iuli'rllr..ck, 
appreheiKiinj;they  ihi.uldbedi.poir.ir.ddi  allihefpoih 
they  hid  la  .en,  and  peri  ip»  lent  prdoiicrsto  Spa:!i,to 
give  an  account  of  theii-  iiuiniermjthe  late  Inca  Ata- 
biupa.injni.iiiacrin'.;hispeopl.-i  tiiey  con tiniieiit lure- 
l<<rc  rv>ci!ii..vateai!;ood  undeirLiindinurwith  the  Indians 
o.  iiie  Kjuinern  provuices,  .ind  treated  tiie  Inc.i  and  hi^i 
luojeCta  as  their  fneiid.i  and  allies,  promilinf.;  to  per- 
toi.iipunchialiywliateveriluy  h.ul  agreed  on,  knowing 
liow^re.i:  an  advania-e  itinuit  be  ro  h.ive  the  country 
III  iiijit  ..•■.:cre:l,  if  tlu  y  were  ublii^ej  to  contend  with 
A.varudo  tor  liic  poileinon  or  it.  Ihe,',  however,  at 
l-.i£;;at>»iinJ  uie  v.istobnoe  Alvar.id'.  from  the  country 
.iiiii  .0  porlu.idc  m.jit  of  Ills  foil.jwers  to  enter  into  cl.  jir 
iervice.  I'lielc  .idditional  forces  reiulered  the  adven- 
t.iiers  very  I'ormi.i.'Oie,  when  .\lm;i'";ro  m.iiched  to 
Cuico;  and  Pizarro  tounded  the  city  of  L.iitia,  and 
other  plajc-.on  t.ie  coalu  Pizarro  now,  according  to 
t.ic  gKiiu  ot' the  emj'cror,  renained  in  pulleTion  of 
Peru,  and  Aiiia;romule  m  exped..ion  into  Chili. 

Aliii.i;j,ro  .id\  .mccklas  far  as  the  province  of  Charcas, 
200  it aj:;ues  to  the  lout hward  of Cufco,  without  meeting 
with  .my  ciiinfi  ''^  obltruc^  his  defiy;ns,  that  country 
beiiitiiall  under  tned'iminion  of  theliica,  andfupplying 
hi.a  wiiap.ovilions  as  he  went  ;  but  tindiivij  Cli  ircaj 
a  wretched  barren  couiitrv,  and  beiiij^  iytioraiit  of  the 
ricii  mines  it  onc.ii.ied.  he  rcfolvcJ  uj  proceed  far:!ier 
to  uie  K.iiu;doiii  of  Ciiili ;  tiidugh,  had  he  known  the 
uivaiirioie  mines  of  Potofi  were  lituatcd  in  this  barieii 
country,  lie  would  cert.iinly  have  fer  up  his  rell  here, 
l.jr  III  diis  mountain  was  afterwards  found  more  filvcr 
ciun  any,  irpernaps  ill  the  coutitries  in  the  Old  V\'orl4 
pioducetl  .11  thai  time. 

1  he  Indians  inloi.ued  ,\l;nagro,  that  there  w  ere  two 
way:;  to  ;ipproaciuhe  kini^dom  of  Chili,  both  extreme- 
ly liiilicult  .md  iKizardou-;.  1  lie  titll:  was  over  a  branch 
ot'  til!- mouiuainsot  tiie  Andes,  orCordeleros,  whichat 
this  time  (being  winter)  were  covered  deep  in  (naw, 
.md  fo  cold  that  no  Indian  could  live  on  the  tops  of 
them  (though  this  w.is  much  the  Ihortelt  pair2;j:e,if  it 
could  be  performed  ;)  the  other  was  over  a  fa.".dy  da- 
laiL  'jy  thefea-fidc,  in  wliieli  tiicy  would  be  in  danr^er 
ot  peiilhing  by  exc(lii\e  heat,  and  ihefcarcitv  ot  wa- 
ter;  intim;iting  that  they  were  averll  to  tiie  journey 
eitlier  way,  but  molt  dreadful  that  over  the  mount.iins 
of  the  Andes  :  however,  Atm.igro  refolving  to  re.uovc 
forward,  took  the  way  of  the  mountains,  .is  being  tlie 
lliorteli,  andmore  agreeable  to  iheconllitu.ions  of  his 
I'uropeans,  than  the  I'corcliin;;  lands;  and  iiaving  f^- 
thereU  what  proviiions  the  country  allordtd,  andhiid  it 
on  the  llioulders  of  the  Indian  ]ii;rt(rs,  he  began  to 
afcend  the  hills  ;  but  had  not  .idvaiced  fitr  before  he 
found  the  fnow  (o  dei  p,  th.ir  they  were  forced  to  dig 
their  w.iv  through  it,  the  Intiians  d\ing  by  hi.ndreds 
with  tlu  intenfe  Cold  :  the  .'Spaniards,  alio,  were  al- 
moil:  ll.irved,  and  main  of  tliem  perllluu  with  their 
horfes  on  thole  mountains,  either  by  cjK!  or  want; 
and  tome  of  the  men  loit  liieir  (ingeis  ,;nd  toes,  wlio 
rii'tpcLl  with  theirliscb.  However,  Alm.'...ro  f;  iiiilf, 
wuh  between  -^co  or  400  Spaniards,  the  Inca  Pualla, 
the  f.igh-priell,  and  about  5.000  Indians, reached  the 
other  tiilc  (jf  the  mountains,  and  came  to  aT.ne  tem- 
perate, and  pleatant  countrv.  The  people  of  Chili 
piefeiued  the  Spaniards  witli  many  prefents  ;  and  Al- 
m;ijiru  penc;  rated  into  tlie  coiiiitry  a  cunfidcrabie  way  j 
6  Z  but 


^1 


K1 


1 1  h' « 


55-5        A  NTW,  ROYAL  and  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  or  UN'IVI  R^\I.  GIOGRAPHY. 


but  brinp  informed,  by  rlu-  :iniv»l  f)f  fomc  Spaninnls 
fiDin  I'liiDpe,  tlvir  a  part  allnttal  to  liiin  l)v  the  riii- 
pcror,  iiu  I'liled  C"ufi:o,  he  retiirniril   to  Pt-ni.     Hav- 
ing fiiHcTid  \o  much  in  their  march  over  th*-  minin- 
taiii.i,  the  Spanlinls  ;uid  PtTiivians  rctiirnnl  by  the 
way  of  The  drfirr,  where  the  hardfhips  thev  umlrrwrnt 
w«  le  hut  little  inlcri'T  to  t!ie  lomu'r.     In  thf  nie.in 
till!'-  'he  Inia  Mancd  iS.iyv  nbkiMUg  that  I'lz.irr) 
«uU  jiave  him  the  title  of  Iiica,  and  th.»t  ui  nalitv  K^' 
had  very  little  command  even  m  the  iMpirnl  i.-:ry  of 
C'lifcn,  where  he  refided,  put  him  in  mind  of  his  ()rn- 
niift-  of  reftorini;  him  to  his  empire,  and  pcrfornunt; 
tly  capitti!  ition*  that  hail  b-i  n  a.-reed  on  beiween 
themi  but  Pi/arri)  pnthiu  otV  tr.im  ti^ne  ft  time,  fi  I- 
lin^  him  he  mull  wr.t  with  pan.  in  .■  rill  he  heari!  that 
til  .le  capitulations  were  ratified  bv  his  li)VerLij;ii  the.- 
fniperor,  which  he  expecteii  to  renive  everv  d  iv  by 
his  brotli'T  I'erdinando,  and  was  ^v)inj{  lo  Lima  in 
hopes  of  meerint;;  him  there;  definnfr  that  the  Inei, 
diiriu!:;  his  ablence,  would  relide  in  tlie  eallle,  and  not 
fVir  from  theme.     The  Inca  tiiuiin;'  thev  would  make 
him  priinner  bv  force,  if  he  did  not  volunranlv  fubmit 
to  this  eon'inemrnr,  difjtuiled  lii»  lekntner.t  and  iin- 
me;liati  Iv  W'-nt  to  the  calUe. 

-  But  the  Indians  were  fir  from  f.l.ipi;  thivimprifon- 
mentofiheiremperori)atienity;  tluy  only  w.iited  lor  a 
favourable(oniun:"turetoobiainhis  liberty ;  forTerdi 
nando  Pizaim  returning  from  Spam  with  his  brother  s 
n-'W  foinmiirion,  and  tlie  pa''  lit  forthe  title  of  marquis 
brnu^h;  f  mie  orders  with  him  tl.ar  were  not  ai'.eptabk- 
to  the  m  inpiis  or  his  people  ;  pifti(  ularlv  he  informed 
fhcm,  that  tlie  empepT  ex(>iH-ted  ti'ey  llifjuld  be  ae- 
ff)unt;iMe  to  him  for  all  the  trearuie  thev  h.ul  receivi'd 
as  rlie  ranfom  of  Atabilipa,  hi:,  imperi  d  Majelly  alone 
beini:;  entitled  to  it,  or  at  leall  that  thi-y  ll;(ui!d  r.ufe 
him  a  good  round  fum,  and  lend  over  ti>  Spain  in  lieu 
of  it;  but  the  maiv,u;s  and  !iis  o.'fuers  replied,  this 
was  neither  reafonahli  nor  ()oir;iile ;  :ib  they  h.ul  hazard- 
ed their  lives,  and  m.ide  a  conijueft  ot  tiie  country  ;i: 
fheirown  espence,  without  anv  cliaiu-e  to  his  imperial 
majeftv,  thev  ousiht  to  rrap  t!ie  ^r':lt^  of  tiie.r  labour  j 
an;l  bcfuies,  that  moncv  had  b<en  lon;^  fmce  fpent  in 
fi'pporting '.he  conqueft,buildinp;  towns,  and  plantir.t; 
colonies,  to  preferve  what  they  had  trained,  which 
woT.'ld  all  redound  to  the  honour  and  proJir  of  his  ma- 
jeOv,  who  by  that  means  was  eonfirmed  ^i.il  ellabliflied 
in  the  fovereignty  of  that  rich  counirv.  Wliereupon 
Icrdinandodefiredhisbrother  would  confer  on  him  the 
government  of  the  capital  citv  of  Cilro,  ami  he  did 
not  doiibt  b\it  he  fliould  foon  have  it  in  his  power  to 
raife  a  fum  of  money  to  ^r.uil'y  the  court  of  Spain  j 
which  the  m?.rq"is  confentinp  to,  his  brother  Ferdi- 
nando  immediately  repaired  to  hissTovernment  ofCuf- 
1:0,  where  obfervinii  that  leviralolheer'  had  beer.  r,riT,i- 
?y  enriched  bv  prcVents  Manco  tnra  had  made  tliem, 
in  order  to  be  kuidly  ufcd,  he  ippl-.ed  himfelf  alfo 
to  the  Inca.piving  him  to  underi'i  u'ld,  that  he  would 
be  reflored  to  his  dominions,  and  all  his  demands 
granted,  if  he  could  procure  a  eonfidrrabje  fum 
for  the  court  of  Spain  ;  ;md  fnli'creii  the  Lica  to 
come  out  of  the  caftle  to  hin  palace  in  tlif  <  ii;,  .i;'nin, 
and  to  be  treated  with  the  honours  of  a  fu\ei'.'ign 
priiue.  Whereupon  the  Inea  lent  exjiiTires  to  \\  vend 
parts  of  !iis  dominions,  dir<ctin^'  thein  to  brui;^  their 
ufual  tribute  of  gohl  and  filver  plate,  as  the  moiT 
probable  means  of  delivering  him  ff(j;vi  ti.c  li.iiidi  of 
the  Sp.uii.irds. 

The  treafures  were  brouulir,  bur  t!'.-  Sp;iniiirds  ftill 
deceived  him,  when  he  delivered  hiiiilelf  by  thi>  llr.i- 
tagcm.  He  pretended,  tliat  in  the  valley  of  \':irito, 
great  riches  were  hid,  particularly  a  Itatiie  of  lulid 
gold  as  big  as  life,  but  that  none  bur  himlelf  irould 
find  out  the  place,  b'erdinando  Pi/ano  wnsdeluiled 
by  this  pretence,  and  futfered  the  Inca  to  go  to  the 
\-aIlev  with  only  a  guard  of  Spiniards,  from  whom  (as 
thev  did  not  liifpeft  liii  defiLjn)  lie  m;'.d,e  his  cfcape. 
Being  at  libertv,  he  railed  three  t'owerHl  nrmics,  one 
being  defigned  againft  Liira,  the  fecond  to  attack 


i: 


Ciifco,  antl  the  third  to  rut  olf  Almai'jro.  The  priiw 
cipal  ar.ny,  under  the  Inca  himlelt',  atticked  CulC) 
with  great  fury,  but  were  rejjuljcj  \vith  terribk 
llaughter. 

.'\fter  cutting  off  ftvcra!  iler.tchmcnts  of  Sp.iniard<, 
the  fecond  Peruvian  armv  invclled  Lima,  which  not 
beingable  to  t«ke,  thev  I'lilv  blockaded  ;  buttfetli  rd 
army  did  not  att.ie!.  Ahiiajirc,  who  arilving  bcfjre  t.u- 
walls  of  C'lilco,  I'Miimoiied  l-erdinando  Piv^arro  to  im  - 
render,  wiio  lel'ufed  i  but  the  pl.ice  was  be'r.avcd  10 
Almauro  by  l"iiie  of  'he  ;Mrrilon,  when  the  govtrnci 
ami  another  of  the  maripiis  of  Pi/ario'i  brutii'.rs  wue 
made  prilouers. 

In  the  nu-an  time  the  marcjuis  of  I'i;-.;rro,  not  In  ,:r 
inglror.i  his  brothers,  feiit  ;i  (Iron;;  I'oue  to  Ciili.o, 
under  the  coir.mand  of  Don  yVloii/o  dc  .Mv.ir.ulc. 
Peter  de  I  crii  a  w;is  ordered  alfj  to  maiLii  with  this 
detachiiicnt  .\--  a  private  captain  of  a  trjop  of  iiorle, 
though  he  was  an  older  otbcer  that  Alvarado,  zrA 
h.ul  done  preat  lervicc  in  thole  wars,  which  fi  dil- 
L;ulled  de  L.ermi,  that  he,  from  this  time,  meiiitateil 
the  ruin  of  tlie  enttrprize,  .i .  u  fuppolcdny  the  Sjianim 
writers. 

.MoiKM  de  Alv.irado  cciuinulnghi!;  tn.iich  wirli  the 
urmoft  diligenee,  molt  ot  the  Indians  that  v.ereprelii-.l 
to  carry  h;i  Saggaj»e,  nmotuiting  to  wpw.irdi  of  yc;  ■■, 
perilhed  in  the  tirit  part  of  the  journey,  eitlur  by  the 
intolerable  f.itigue,  being  kiadcd  and  diiven  beyond 
their  llrrrrgtli,  or  darveil  for  want  of  food. 

Almagro  receiving  iiuelligence  that  .'vh^.nzo  was  aJ- 
vancinp  to  the  r itv,  lent  fome  Spaniard  .  of  cjuality  to 
him,  to  reprefer.t  thi't  C'ulio  brlongrd  to  iiis  g..>vtrn 
menf,  .iccording  to  the  ilivuion  the  emperor  made  oi* 
Peru,  between  liim  and  the  manpiis  ile  Pi/.arro,  and 
therefore  adviied  him  ro  retire  to  Luna  again,  till  he 
and  the  marquis  (liould  adjuil  the  limits  of  their  re- 
I'pcClive  eovernir.ents :  bur  Alvar.'.do  was  fo  far  from 
tntertainin:!  anv  pariric  t!ioii;;hts,  that  he  made  ;'.li  the 
i;riitlemen  iirifoni  rs  tliat  were  lent  to  treat  v.itli  iiiiii. 
\S  hereupon  Alm..i.ro  fok  the  field,  eonllir.itin:'  l)on 
Orgonne?  his  heutenaiu-g'.neral  1  and  having  made  a 
p;ir;y  of  Alvaro's  horfeptiionrrs,  undclfoad  by  them, 
that  great  part  of  his  tro(;ps  weie  better  *f?cCK\l  to 
him,  than  they  were  to  tlie  i'izarro'i;  ;>art icul.it ly,  h-- 
uiuii-rP.ojd  that  Peter  de  Lerma,  witli  a  great  many 
of  his  friends,  would  dcfert  Alvar  ido  the  firft  c; 
port  unite. 

He  ailvanred.  '■■••■efore  as  fir  as  thi'liridge  of  .Mian- 
cay,on  t!ie  othfi  lulc  whereof  Alv.u:ulo  lay  encamped, 
fo  ttKit  there  w  as  nothing  but  a  linall  rivi  r  tiiat  parted 
their  forces  ;  thev  remained  cjuiet,  h<)wcv;i ,  without 
attempting  to  attack  each  other  all  <!iy;  bu'  ii  th- 
night  time  Oip.onne/ fording  the  rivt,-,  a:  the  head 
of  Almagro's  horfe,  put  Alvaratlo's  force:)  into  great 
conluliuii;  and  giving  Peter  de  Ltrma,  and  tin-  reli 
of  their  friends,  by  this  means,  an  oppc)rtiinity  t" 
join  tliem,  Ahnagro  gained  an  eafy  vicforv,  with  verv 
little  blocAllhed,  making  I  )on  Alonv.o  de  Alvarad'.> 
liis  prifoner;  with  whom  he  returned  in  triumph  tn 
CidVo. 

.■v!:;i.'.a;ro,  aftcrtlie  l),ittle,inaiTlied  with  50oSpanilli 
iioili  and  foot,  anil  fume  thouland  Indi.tiis,  towards 
the  v.iKevof  Ciiinca  on  the  lea-c:a'>,  taking  with  hiin 
his  prifoner  Fer.iin.iiido  Pi/arr(>,  but  he  left  Alf'n/o 
I'i?a,io  and  Alon/.o  de  Alv.uado  priioncri  ii"  'd.e  city 
of  C'uk  o. 

In  the  me.in  time,  the  marquis  de  Pi7arro  hearing 
no  news  from  .'Monzo,  and  imagining  the  Indians 
ini;',li!  iiave  jiollVU'ed  themlilves  of  the  pafTes  in  the 
mount.uns,  anil  ilienby  tiitoff  hiscommuni.  .aion\\itIi 
that  I'eneral,  m.irehed  in  p.erfi>n  ;it  the 
4Q0  Spaniards,  r>Aards  the 

ligenee  ;  and  after  onie  days  march,  received  advice, 
that  tlie  Indians  had  raifed  the  fiege  in  Cufco:  i:.?.' 
AliTiagio  was  returned  from  Chili,  had  pofl'eired  hi:;i- 
felt  ol  tiiat  c.ip'ital,  and  mac.c  his  Ijrotliers  Ferdinando 
and  Aloir.'o  pinfoni':"-  ;  and,  ti.ar  ii.s  other  brother 
John  Pizario  was  kiiUd  Q':i...,x  tnei-j'-c  ofCifco; 


head  of  ;oc-  or 
mountains  to  get  intel- 


ra  f 


iAPIIV. 

'I'n.  't  he  jriu. 
t,  atMckcii  CiiiO) 
'-■J   \>iti»   taribk 

;ntj  of  Sp.iniarJs, 
Lini.i,  which  no: 
k^■,  buttl'fthrJ 
rilvingbc!.jri-t;iL- 
i!'j  Pi/arro  tti  lui- 
was  be'ravfti  u. 
Iici  the  ;iovcrnur 
o's  brothers  wiro 

'i;-.;rri),  net  !ic,:r 

1.'"  ill-'  Alv.ir.ulc. 

n.ULii  with  tins 

.1  troop  of  iiorlc, 

Alv.iracl'i,  2r.ll 

wh:ch  lo  ilu- 

t<iiH-,  mcihtatfi: 

L-il  t)y  thi-Spaniiii 

^  tn.uch  ■nirli  tlvj 
srhitv.erfprcli'cl 
U))w.irtN  »>f  5'cc3, 
■ncv,  cither  by  tht- 
nl  liiivcn  biyond 
f  loo  J. 

r.u  .'vl'^nzo  war,  aJ- 

iarJ,  of  quality  to 

;ril  to  his  ^..-vtrn- 

fii^pt-rdr  uuiilc  of 

is  lie  Fizarro,  an:i 

•ma  aoain,  till  he 

limits  of"  rhi'ir  re- 

.!o  was  fo  far  from 

hat  hcin.ido  all  rlii- 

t')  tri-at  with  iiiit!. 

,  ii)n(!it..tli::'  Don 

nd  havifig  made  :i 

idolfood  bv  them, 

better  Sf^ecKd  to 

I'J;  ;>artic-.i}.iiiy,  he 

.viti.  a  ^rrcat  matiy 

irido  the  tirft  op 

iel)rid(>pof  Aba;i- 
:ii!o  lay  encamped, 
11  rivir  t.':at  parted 
houtvei,  without 
»!iy  ;  bif  i"»  thr 
iver,  a:  the  head 
s  furie;;  into  oreat 
L.-ma,  and  tin-  rell 
:n  "jiportiinity  t" 
Victory,  with  very 
:)nv;()  ile  Alvarad" 
led  in  triumph  to 

i  with  5ooSpanini 
Indians,  towards 
,  takmij  with  hmi 
It  he  left  Alnnzo 
u'oncfs  ir.  the  eity 

e  Pizarro  hcarin^r 
iniiii!;  the  Indians 
the  iiafTfs  in  the 
iinninlc.uionwith 
le  head  of  ;jcor 
ains  to  p-et  ir.tel- 
,  leeeived  adviee, 
.•  in  Ccfeo :  ti.i! 
ad  poflelfed  hini- 
itli'T'.  Feniiiiaiido 
i.s  other  brother 
:  fic{;c  of  C':fco  ; 


AMI  RICA. 


S  O  i;  T  1 1     A  M  r  K  I  C    A. 


5J« 


anil  a  dav  or  fvo  jfti-r  fir  hail  news  broMjrht  him  of 
the  ikii  at  ol  Dun  /\lon/o  ile  Alvarail'i,     W  h'leiipon 
he  thoui.'1-.t  tit  to  utile  to  lama,  and  fortity  himlelf 
rli'Ti ,  (ill  he  IfwniM  n-.  eive  a  re  iiifonemein  of  troops, 
whiih  hi' cypefh'd  evi-r\  dav  ,  aiidtodiviri  Almagrij 
liii'i  r  il-  iiip;  the  ailvaiua^'e  »\  hiipieknt  wcakne  fs,  ami 
p^.fl;^.":hi^l»rothel  todrath,  he  (iilpatefiMl  leveralSpa- 
niirilii  of  (jiialifv  to  attend  him,  and  ofier  him  any 
terms  he  (hoiilil  infill  upon,  to  proeire  I'.i-.  biother'.s 
Jiiirrtv  :    Mmaiir.'.  -.  i-   villin|-  to  treat,  ami  an  infer- 
\\c\.  with  onlv  I :  l.orlemen  of  ifulewas  ajTced,  hut 
with  lo  ii.'ii  h  fiiu  liM  /  on  i'izano's  lide,  tjiat  Alma- 
}*ro,  wifh  j^reat  dithi  nky  i-fi-aprd  an  ambuleade  laid 
|..r  lull.     At  lenc'h  Pi/airo,  by  vari"''-*  ariitices,  ob- 
tained (he  liberty  of  his  lirothers,  and  tiieii  demanded 
not  onl/  C'lliVo,  Init  all  the  eonquells  in  I'eni.     y\i- 
ma'-ioverv  nafirally  reiefteilthisiniTeatimable  reipii- 
(it.i)ii,  when  a  war  immediately  coniireneed  between 
til"''  iivaUi  when  Mniajrro  was  lietiMied  and  taken 
'iii'in-r,  and  at  t!u;  faree  time  the  c/ :  of  I  iiAo  was 
lo't.    '1  heiinfort'inat''.Mmac>rowa.sat'irwariiseriiellv 
put  to  ileath  bv  Ir.s  rival  Pi/.ano,  bat  the  latter  did 
not  lonj;  fiirvi\e  hirp.bi  inj; aflafTiiiattdin  hispalaee  at 
I.Ktn  by  a  natural  for\  of  Almip;ro.     'I'luis  untimely 
fell  the  two  roni^neiers  i>f  Pen:,  bv  miaiis  ot  their 
own  rerif  roe  il  enmity,  of  v.liom  it  is  only  necelfary  to 
i.iy,  tiiaf  b'th  were  equalK-  polltHid  of  courage,  forti- 
tude, am!  temper  .nee;  bur  both  were  equally  ami)iti-    ! 
o'ls  .uid  ra[\iei(>us.      Almapro  w.isthe  iiiol)  ;'ei>eroii^,    I 
Pi.-.trrothe  iiioi\  polirie  ;  the  former  polieili-d  the  niolf 
iM'Me  fentiment.s  but  the  lattcrhadtliegreateil  pene- 


P  .\  K 


^  V  C  T  I  O  X     III. 
A  (;  IJ  A  V,   OR    LA  V  L..  T  A. 


T 


•\Ii!  ;  e.)'inr'-y  lies  Ivtwc-n  i^   and   i-  deirree.'; 

Imiih  I  iti;ude,and  i-  ihotit  \  :oo  niile-.  in  length 

a'l.'  Ill  too  in  breadth  h  i.s  booniie'd  bv  I'lHi  on  the 
nortli;  bv  Hrazil  o"  the  eatf,  by  Paragor.ia  on  the 
fourh,  anH  b'-  (.'hili  on  t!ie  ^'clf. 

Iiuhj  ( .ul'-nt  of  liorfe';,  ivmles,  (h-ep,  troats,  hop', 
jioultn  ,  <■,,.  ne,  •  •  <\,  I'i'.iir,  &'e.  ir  produces  an  .id- 
rnii  aliie  ilr'.ij  ear»'il  iiy  the  name  of  tiie  rouiui\',  I'.i- 
ra7'i::v.  This  i,'?  rtn  I'X'riient  enntic,  and  of  itftif 
fiiij.ht  form  a  eonfiileralile  article  ol  eoinmerce.  i  ,'v 
forrlh,  a!;.)und  with  wild,  hearts,  and  the  rivers  at-.d 
lake";,  bilides  vaiioiih  kind.s  of  lilh,  witii  crocodiles, 
a'.lii;  1, ..•-'»,  i\'<-.  The  mines  >  :>n:a;:i  rvld,  lilver,  cop- 
jHT,  iroii,  r.nr-thvils,  &r.  To  the  v. vlt  of  the  great 
river  I'.irai^'ia;.'.  the  ■  (•iintiv  i*!  ban  eh,  but  to  the  cart 
i'  isf  I':'''.  'IJ'i-  next  foiifuk-iiiMe  tivrr  ii  tluir  uf 
I'iat'  "I-  1 .1  i'l.it.;,  \vhi(  h  rifi"!  in  Peru,  an*!  falls  into 
the  .XrhiniieOci  an.  The  ;  lima:-  of  Fara.:;i:a;.-  differs 
but  litt'c  from  tint  of  .Spain;  and  tli:  dil!uKt:oas  be- 
tween the  feafon.',  .\:r  miuh  the  l.une.  In  winter  in 
tl'ed,  violent  tempel's  of  wiinl  .md  .-tin  are  verv  fre- 
qi.enc,  aeeompani'i!  \sith  :.ich  dreadfn!  ei  ipsof  thun- 
li.Tai.d  liszhtnin^r,  a<  iill  tliC  i,iliai)it.uits,  thou;;h  ufed 
totlitm,  '.virh  terror  and  conllernation.  In  lumiiier 
tiie  txielTive  hea".  are  mitiirared  by  gentle  breezes, 
which  oiwil.intb  liitrin  .ateii>ht  or  nine  in  the  morn- 
in.".  In  Ihorr,  for  th'- e:.;  )yment  ol  life,  efpecially 
v.iiii  rcjraid  to  ;lv.-  falub:  it_,  of  tlic  air,  a  rtiier  country 
C.iiinoi  {«■  imar.incd. 

Ti,r  toiellsof  th.s  Cf.u:u;y  abouiidMith  bees,  wliiih 
rnrike  their  hives  :n  the  iiollow  trees.  'I'lieie  are  ten 
tlirt'ennt  Ip-eies  e.f  tliCl'e  iileful  infects.  That  molt 
fif'-'-iiird  tortile  whiter.efs  of  it;  wis,  and  the  delicacy 
ofitshonev.iscalic'l  opc.ne.s.butis veiy  icarce.  'I'lie 
<ot:.)n  trf<'  is  i  n.iriveoitiiis  counr;-\ .  1  he  Spaniariis  ^ 
fow  and   ;ife  h-mp  in  pretf  l.irye  quantities. 

Veiumtous  l.c,-bs,  with  w.'iich  ibme  Indians  poifon 
their  airo-.vs  alv.e.nd  here  ;  but  the  antidotes  are  no 
i:-:';  coin;tion  ;  and,  amon;.^  Others,  the  herb  called 
Spai.-owj  1  Icib,  which  form;  pretty  large  bulhes,  and 
was  c'ldlovcrtd,  anUg^;4;nevl  Hi  name,  in  the  follow- 
ing tnir.r.cr, 


Thtre  is  a  vi-rv  pietty  kiiul  of  rpnrrow  ctihJ  Ma- 
cauu  I.     '1  his  little  kind  of  Iparruw  iicaiiiie  ij  y.-ry 
fonil  ofiheiUlh  ol  v  ij  ers,  ai^.uidl  whom,  for  tlii.sUM- 
loti,  hi  M.i:',es  lunni'i' il  war.     As  toon,  ihertfon',  a.s 
he  fpics  one  ol   ihcle  leprih's,  he  |  ut,  hii  h<M4  under 
his  wing,  and  gathtis  hiiiif  If  oji  into  a  rouiicl  bill, 
withcuL  the  le  ill  .ippearance  of  life  or  motion:  he  fjoe.i 
not,  however,  cover  his  evcb  lo  entirely,  but  that  he 
m.iy  peep  through  the  featherb  of  hii   wing,  ami  ob- 
lerwe  the  moiiun.s  ol  hi.s  (^aiiic,  which  lie  liifl'i  ib  to  ap- 
proaeli  without  llirnii;',  mini  jittiiuis  it  mar  enoiigji 
to  receive  a  llioke  ot  Ips  bill,  whii  h  lie  then  luddenly 
diliharges  at  tr.     Thi  vipci  nnmediitely  retorts  with 
another  of  hi.s  tongue,  butihci.iinuti  tin  Iparrow  finds 
himfell  wouiiiled,  he  llies  to  his  herb,  eats  fome  of  ir, 
and  is  inllanily  luml.    ile  thenretiirns to  thechar'-'e, 
and  hasreeouife  to  his  herb  every  time  the  viper  llings 
him.     TliiSionfliU  lads  till  the  vipc,  Uellituicofthe 
Umv  refoUKc,  ha^  lol!  all  his  blood  :  as  f<!.i,i  as  the 
reptile  is  dtjil,  the  Ip.irrov,  eats  the  carcaft,  and  then 
has  recouili  again  to  us  .uitulote. 

I  lere  are  v.dl  numbers  of  .ill  kinds  of  (lr|)ent.s,  and 
the  I  attle-fnake  in  paj  ficular  is  a  very  formid.ible  crea- 
ture. 'I'his  repfile  futrera  greatly  wi,en  its  gums  are 
f.oi)  muchdiltendeil  wi:!i  venom,  togct  rid  of'  wl  m  h  ir 
fills  upon  every  thing  in  itu  way,  with  tv.o  crooked 
fangs  teriiuiiatmg  in  a  point  ;  and  b\  means  of  .i  hal- 
low in  rlvulaii!':',  pours  i.'ito  tin-  woiiiid  if  iiiakcs  all  tlie 
vciio  rolls  i>!atfc;- whiciitormented  it.  The  etfectsof 
the  lute  are  fudden,  and  the  confequences  dreadful, 
unlifs  antidotes  nre  Ipiedily  ajiplied.  T  he  elii'-f  anti- 
■  lote  is  alUmr,  to  which  they  ha\e  given  thi-  name  of 
.St.  P.iul  Bezo.ud,  and  a  poultice  of  cheweil  garluk. 
The  veiy  heail  o!  the  aiiim.d,  and  its  liver,  which  is 
likrwife  r.iVii  to  p'lriiv  the  blood,  ure  etpialiy  etfxa- 
eiiius  as  aiiiidotis.  Tlie  fuieit  method,  however,  is 
to  begin  be  making  an  inciliondirtctiv  in  the  part  that 
h.i.s  beii!  luiiig,  md  tiien  appiv  brimllone  to  it  j  nav, 
this  driij;  aior.e  h  is  been  tiiqueiitly  found  to  make  a, 
perfect    eii.e. 

Heie  are  Itkev.itc  ibttie  hunting  iVrpents,  wiiich 
cii.nb  up  til.-  frets  to  difcovcr  their  prey,  and  fVoin 
thi  lice  dart  upon  ii  v.v.en  wit!iin  reich,  fquec  .e  it  I'o 
ti;',.'it  ihat  it  cannot  [fir,  and  then  devoui  it  at  their 
ieilure. 

The  mini  )Pari<-s  greatly  contributed  to  die  fubicc- 
tlon  and  i;ivili/ation  of  the  inh.ibitants  of  this  country. 
They  inflitittid  parochitd  .'nd  provincial  jurifdiclioiis 
for  the  piiri'oles  ol  order  ,ind  good  government,  and 
mav  be  I'aiil  to  have  act|uired  and  maitnaitied  that  l"u- 
periority  which  the  1  ,iiiu}Tans  now  hold  over  it. 

The  natives  of  P.iraguay  ;ue  in  general  of  a  mode- 
rate (fature,  and  well  mtide.  They  have  fiat  loiind 
f.ices,  olive  compli-Mons,  and  loii^  black  liair.  Their 
garments  were  toniierly  the  llsiiis  of  be.ilh,  but  now 
in  moft  thiiiL's  tliey  conform  in  drefj  to  the  Spanilh 
falhi'Mis.  Previous  to  theirembracing  (.'hrilfianit\  they 
woilhipped  the  fun,  muoii,  liars,  tl-.Mc.der,  lightning, 
gro\-'-s,  riveif,  animals,  &c.  The  women  are  allowed 
to  propoie  matclies  as  well  as  the  men.  Wlien  tin  In- 
dian woman  likes  a  man,  Ihe  ticipi.iints  one  of  themif- 
lionaries  with  ir,  wiio  immediately  fends  for  the  young 
fellow.  If  hedoes  not  likehei',  tlieprielt  ijerfiuulesthe 
Woman  to  overcome  her  palTion  ;  but  on  the  contrary, 
if  the  man  is  inclimd  to  return  her  affection  the  j)rielt 
immediately  mairi'  s,  and  gives  his  blefilng.  Tlie 
wives  of  the  petty  princes  or  lords  wear  a  kind  of  tri- 
ple crown  made  oflbaw,  aneit'ieir  lords  hang  doe-lkins 
over  their  Ihoulders.  Thebo\s  ami  girls  goqiiite  na- 
ked. Th  y  wrap  up  their  inf.;nts  as  loon  as  born  in  a 
tygersfliin,  ami  givi-  them  the  breall  fora  little  while, 
and  then  a  piece  of  hait"-raw  meat  to  fuck.  Their 
beds  are  the  hides  of  oxen,  or  tygers,  fpreail  on  the 
ground  :  but  the peopleof  rank  uiehammocksof  net- 
work. 

The  rude  and  uncultivated  inhabitants  of  Paraguay, 
efpeci.illy  liie  Chaconefe,  and  the  (iutuanis,  are  of  an 
extr.iortlinary  llature;  and  there  luvc  been  found  men 

among 


»' 
1'  •!« 


^1'  A 


)i  i- 


iiH 


iirrii  14-':; 


m 


552        A  NF.W,  ROY.M.  anp  AUTUFNTIC  rVf.TFM  or  T'\'I\rRS\L  ClOGRArilY 


among  ilu-m  aljove  iVvcn  feet  lii^^h.  'Iht-ir  fVatures 
diPci  grc.itly  from  ours ;  and  tht;  colours  witli  wliicli 
I'r.vv  jM.Mt  t'lemft'lvcs  jiivc  tiiem  Aich  an  afjie.'l,  tliat 
lh:'.n^(.rs  iiiinof,  a.  Ii;il  ltr;!u,  licli)  htin;^  trnificil  .i 
little.  Accordingly,  bv  this  nioiib  fiu-y  prcrvnd  to 
Arikc  a  ttrror  into  tlu-ir  cnemi^'s.  Mcll  of  thr  men  pi-> 
qtiiic  I-  'kril,  all  to  a  p.ircel  of  fi-.itlicrs,  ofdirt'creiu  co- 
lours, I'.;ini;inii;  ro  a  (Iriiip-  ai!>)i:t  the  waill.  Ikit  at 
th-  ir  public  folc  nniiics  thcv  wear  cajis  made  of  the 
fa  lie  fc.i'hf  rs.  In  vtrv  cold  weather  they  wrap  tlscm- 
felvcs  up  in  .i  kiiiil  of  can  and  clo.ik,  made  of  Ikins 
pretrywell  dredld.  and  adorned  with  jininted  tiguics. 
A:iv>n;,'  for.ic  tribes  the  women  arc  not  better  covereil 
th:v.i  tlie  men.  I'he  bad  qualities  common  to  all  rhrfe 
people  are  ferocitv,  iii'onll.incv,  perfidy,  niiddnuiken- 
nels.  They  are  all  I'priL'ihtK-,  tlioufji  very  dull  of  ap- 
prelienfifin  in  every  tivi'T  that  doe<;  not  immediatelv 
fail  uniler  the  t'enli  •-.  1  lure  i^;,  properly  fpeakinir. 
ti'i  fonri  of  iiovcrnii'.enr  amoni;  th.em.  I'.very  to^fn,  in- 
deeii,  h.is  its  c,ic:.]ue-,  but  rhefe  ehirt's  have  no  aurh.o- 
ri'v,  b'.it  in  ,(ri'porrion  to  (he  elleem  they  have  ac- 
quired. Seveial  do  nothinr;  but  rove  frotn  place  to 
1)lace  with  their  furniture,  wliii  h  conlills  of  nothing 
)ur  a  mat,  a  hammock,  and  a  cilabalh.  'I'he  cabins 
ofthofe  wiiolivein  towns  are  no  better  than  wretched 
l;ovels,  iradf  v.ith  branch.es  of' trees,  and  covereil  with 
flraw,  or  rather  rraf*.  'I'hofe  v.  ho  ii\e  ne.uc!'  to  'I'u- 
cUinan  are  better  lod;red  and  clothed. 

Their  fivo-Kiic  llipior  is  chica.  'I'i'cv  allemble  to 
drink  it,  and  to  d  inte  and  fin':: ;  ^''^^'^  in  tlicle  exer- 
cifes  they  perliil  till  t!iev  are  all  dnnik.  1  hey  then 
quarrel,  a'ul,  fro. ii  words,  fn-n  proieecJ  to  bhTws;  fo 
thar  tliei:    merr-.-makintjs  feldom  terminate  without 


lome  ahfurd  and  ri-iicul(>t;s,  and  others  horridly  b.irba- 
rous.  The  i  ereinonies  theyobferved  in  I'.ivin.'^  n.imt  s 
ro  their  new-liorn  ilukhrn,  will  bell  hrvi  to  jrive  a  put' 
idea  of  tiie  favai'enef^  of  this  nation.  'l"hinkini;  it  tin  - 
lawful  to  perform  the  ci'emonv  without  the  ileath  of  a 
priloncr  of  war,  they  d.'d  ired  it  till  tliey  <-f)uld  m.ik:^ 
one.  After  enterr.iiuin;;  him  (dentiiuUy  (or  fever.il 
ilaws,  thi-v  cut  his  throat  on  the  dav  appointed  fi;r  tiiat 
purpofe  V,  ith  [^rear  cereiiKmy.  As  fooii  as  he  wai'.  dead, 
everv  one  touched  his  b<idv,  or  llnick  it,  with  a  Hick  ; 
and  dtniii'r  this  operation  they  f-'.'.ve  naines  to  all  the 
(  hildrcn  that  h.id  not  as  ver  received  any.  liiis  d(,n<-, 
the  budv  was  cut  up,  and  cvety  tamiiy  look  Ikmiic  a 
piece  of  it  to  make  into  broth,  of  which  evi  ly  one 
took  ;'.  mouthful,  not  exceptini;;  ciiildren  t  tnc  Lreail, 
whom  their  mothens  teok  caie  to  nuke  [Mrt-ikers  of 
this  r.-palt. 

Tlifii'  manner  of  re(  *.  vinir  perions  icMirned  fiom  a 
lonsj  ioiiinev  had  fhmetiiini:  very  f'nf.iii  "•  in  ir.  'Ihe 
rivvilirr,  on  enterinsr  i.i-i  tabin,  in'n^Cviiatelv  I'eaicd 
himfcit',  wifiio'.it  itT'crins':  a  finf:!.'  lyllable  j  at;d  the 
next  moinetu  tiie  women  be.eai  to  walk  i'.''.itKt  and 
round  iii;n,  obfervinp;  tr.e  lame  lilnccaii  tl;e  time,  till 
at  iaft  fhev  liiddeiity  burll  out  into  excl.itnations,  which 
v.'cre  followed  bv  a  lonp  rela.ien  of  all  the  i'iiii"reca- 
b!e  events  that  had  hapi.-ened  ir»  his  family  dtitii,;';  his 
abfence.  'Ihe  men,  co\erin^  their  faces,  rep-.ated 
the  liure  thinf?s;vith  a  low  toitr  of  voice.  '1  i,i-  cere- 
monv  killed  a  longer  or  l:ior:>'r  :;  iie,  in  proporauii  ro 
the<'rtecm  thrv  i.id  for  the  trarelli  r.  At  kill  they  u.i 
conrratulatcd  hitn  on  his  hajipy  arrival  and  tniert.iiii 
ed  liim  in  the  Iv.lT  maiuuT  tl:f  y  \vere  able. 

I'ri-vions  to  ;r  jrr:.;i,'e,ti'.e  intervird  bride  w.f-,  pkiccd 


bloodflied,  if  not  in  tlie  ilear'v;  of  tome  of  the  r^ueli.i.    '    under  the  care  ofa  tvoiian,  appoir.ted  for  that  piirpot'e, 


Several  tnisc  advanta'';?  of  the  conf.ifion  to  b'-  revenjjed 
of  their  enemies.  '1  h'-fe  exercifes  arc  ainioit:  peculiar 
to  the  !nen.  1  he  v.Oi.ien  penerally  wit'idraw  t!ie  mo- 
ment thev  perceive  the  liquor  befrins  to  iret  the  better 
of  the  men,  and  carr--  off' with  theiri  all  the  arms  thcv 


can  1  iv  tl 


A 


'  liter  is  futl'i  lent  tu 


breed  .i  v.ar  b(  twten  th'Mi  ;  but  tlieir  vinconquerabK- 
inveteracy  acf.iinil  th.c  .Spaniards  eafily  unites  then> 
ayai.n  on  tr,e  frit  alarm  from  tliat  quarter. 

Their  arms  are  bows,  arrow-,  anil  kmics,  which 
rhev  Hie  v.-i:h  ;^re  i:  d' A'erity  and  llren^^th.  Tlievl'ailcn 
a  rope  to  the  latter,  !■.■  wiiich  ttiev  can,  as  the  end  is 
barbed,  draw  the  wounded  jierlon  to  tl-riri.      Befuies 


fiir  thr  fp.'.cc  of  eiplf  d;!ys.  Ir  v  .!s  tr.e  biilinef:  of  tl 
latter,  during  thewhole  time,  toinake  tl-.c  formerwoi.'. 
hard,  to  tei.T  and  rhw.'M  her,  an.:,  in  fine,  not  to  pti  - 
mit  her  ro  have  any  p'-are,  rell,  or  eaie.  It'lhewenr 
patiently  thro\i;di  tiiis  fcvere  viid,  h.er  hair  was  cu: 
off,  and  file  was  drcb.rvd  inariia;;eable. 

Phvficians  and  lorttuie-tellers  were  formerly  in  prcat 
repute  here.  Thcv  were,  how (  ver,  only  it'g<.;lers, 
pretending:  to  prophecv  fV'-'iv,  the  li.n^^inff  of  birds,  a:-.d 
to  cure  difeafes  bv  luckin';  the  pars  affected. 

Para<jii.iv  is  liivided  into  leveral  province^,  whic!j 
rake  tluir  names  from  t lie  rivers  that  |).'.Isilirou:.yhthem. 
i'he  principal  are  Parat^uav  and  L.a  I'lara,  i)ri>[)erly  In 


fiwinr:  th.e  neks  of  their  p-'foners  with  the  i,;w-bone   .|    called.     The  chief  jilace  in  l'ir.:/uay  In  called,  is  thr 

town  of  Airi.''vr'o:,,  whicli  is  licuated  at  the  conflux 
of  the  rivi-rs  I'.t.  .:.i  and  l'ar:if:;\iay,  r.nil  is  a  Iar<;e,  well 
built,  and  populous  city.  It  was  erected  by  tiie  Spa- 
niards in  I  5 '51,  in  the  miailot'  a  very  rich  and  liiiiti'ul 
terrif^irv. 

'I  h.e  jToviiire  of  I  ,t  I'l.ita  t.ikcs  its  donoi'Unation 
from  the  river  of  the  lame  name.  It  is  a  line,  it  i  tile, 
plentii'd  p'Mvincc,  and  abotiiuls  with  piovifions  of  all 
kinds,  tlie  principal  wants  bciiuj;  tholt-of  fait  and  fuel. 

The  mrat  river  of  I'late,  or  L.a  Plata,  rifes  in  Ftrii, 
and,  amon;;o;!(er  rivers,  receives  the  I'araini.iy  in  us 
colli  fe.  I  I, e  water  is  clear,  abounds  in  hlh,  is  lull  oi" 
del  fnitfid  il!  uids,  and  m.iv  be  invi  .Mteil  tor  th'-  great- 
eft  parrof  ii.i  coui  le.   Aloni^  it;,  banks  an-  (een  the  mol': 


people  upa'.lly  bur,-  tin  n- dead  on  the  fpor 


of  a  filh,  th'-y  fc.'d(>  them,  mm^  p.el'ervc  their  fcalps  as 
tokens  of  vi.lory.  They  are  ad,ri:.-;d)le  horiemen,  and 
ta-ii'.'  and  manir^e  the  wild  horfes  with  i.';reat  addrefs, 
v/hich  his  midc  the  Spmiards  repent  ever  havini^ 
llocked  the  coc:i*ry  v.'itii  tliole  iifeful  animals. 

Tlie  I'haconefe  \vov.en  have  a  Millom  of  i^rickin!^ 
their  fac-.-s,  bre alls,  and  irms,  in  order  to  mat  k  them. 
Thev  ai"  I'lonp,  robuil,  have  calV  labours,  atid  baihe 
th'T.ifelves  and  children  hiimedia'-elv  after  dc!i\ery. 
Thev  are  vi  i  v  ieaious  of  tlu  i,'  luilbands,  yet  cntcrt.iin 
very  litr'e  atfeffivMi  (or  their  oiiMiriii!?; 

Thefe  people  uPa'.P"  i---' '!'••'■ -' 
wherfth'-vt-xp-re;  pla,-,r  a  j.ivelin,  and  the  Ikull  of  ,in 
i-nemy  ''if  they  can  f;;et  one)  <  ver  the  gi-ave;  and  tin  n 
revfive  f)  a  d.illanc-  from  tiie  place. 

\V;:-n  the  ."^piiniards  firfl-  arrived  in  ihi^  country,  the 
pei  j.'c  lived  in  po|,Milo'js  towns,  and  v.ere  f^ovcr.ied 
hy  cai  'PC-,  who  were  lifiTditarv,  and  independent  of 
ear;i  other.  H  :•  if  I'-e  fucefTion  (ailed,  il^eelerfion 
ol'a  newt.K  'que  uruilly  Til  upon  one  fnmcd  eitlii  r  (or 
val'iur  or  c|  iipienr'-.  At  the  ilia'li  of  a  cacique,  it 
vai  lawfl  (irir  't-  if  I  i .  brothers  to  marrythe  v.  i.low  j 
but  this  f'ldoT  'I't  pencil.  In  pencral,  theli-  Indians 
did  n  i'  ai  pri>ve  el  i  "  h  loarrii:  cs  between  near  '.ela- 
tion-; ari!  il,i- H  ■  1  .iiion.' tl-iCi-i;,  wlco  liave  t  iiihrared 
the  Chrii'iin  rell"  on  ii'-vc  r  i'o  I'rv  anv  ofiheiriela- 
r!'i:i'.,wv.n  v.  i:!-.i:i  I'l'.^  d  jue-.-,  \sit!i  wh.ii  h  the  church 
readily  ilii'penfes. 

1  !;ev  ubferved  ?,   r.t'i'bfr  of  forms  aiid  ct.dums, 


beautiful  bir.is  of  all  ki 


but  it  (ometimes  over- 


Hows  the  iuliai  ent  country  to  a  fireat  extent,  and  is  in- 
felted  by  ferpents of  a  ])rodii>ioiis  I'viC.  Bctoie  it  falls 
in'  ■  the  l'iua"uay,  it  's  called  I'anaiua. 

Buenos-. 'Xyrc',,  the  ca;  ii.il  of  the  province,  takinn;irs 
na:Tie  from  the  plcafantnefi  of  tlu- 1  Innate, wav  found- 
ed in  IC'J,  under  the  (lirei;"'ion  of'Pidi'o  dc  Mendo.-.i, 
at  that  tune  f^overnor.  It  flaiid;  on  a  point,  calkd 
C'iipe  likuuo,  on  the  font!)  fid(-  of  the  Plata,  fronting 
a  fmall  ri^er,  in  -^.^  def.',  ■^.\.  min.  I'outli  latitude,  in  a 
f.m-  plain,  riliiuf  by  a  gentle  afcciu  from  the  livcr. 
Nothiiu?  can  cm  ced  the  tcmp'-i.uureul  the  air,  the  fer- 
tility of  tlu-  liiil,  or  the  bi  .luiitul  VcTduie  \\hicliover- 
fpreads  the  wliuli.-  fiu  e  ()f'  iim'  country  abwut  tin  ,  ci.y, 
of  wliicli  the  inliabiuuits  have  aa  unjjittiru^tcJ  pro- 
.    ,  Ipcdl 


t!i  iatiiiidc,  id  a 


AMI'.UICA.]  SO!'  T   II 

('p!'d  .IS  t!ir  -.v.  t!i!!  eye  r^vrinirlt.  B'iciids  Ayi\'s  !i.is 
lir.iis  lira.',  llrM":.,  .111.!  is  of  a  C'liifikli-M'ili.-  txtinr, 
t'Mitaiiiliig  im li-f>  tli.in  iH-twicn  ;  arvl  40:0 hoiifL-'i,  nii.'l- 
]v  lr,;ilt  of  tlulk  or  brick.  I  l<'rf  is  a  vi-ry  li;'.;i.!lcjme 
i']n.iie,  with  a  ni.!,-^'.i(iccni:  c.ithcilral,  ami  a  t.ililv,  in 
wlii^li  tiu*  j!;")veriv)r  holds  Ins  rrurr,  aiil  lias  a  l.ir^^c 
[MiriloM.  'I'lu*  .Spani'.r.Ls  briii^;  hither  jwrc  of  the  tred- 
I'lrcs  ot  I'eni  .lowii  the  livtr,  anil  !lii|)  th'in  for  Spain, 
with  vad  qii.unitif-  "f  hi.les,  an  1  ntj-cr  coiiniiodlties 
01  this  co'.ijitry.  1  iie  ri\er  is  h.-'re  Icvcii  irai^ues  in 
iire.Ki:!i,  a:Kl  ii.ivi;t.il'ile  fir  any  liiips  ^i-j  Icii'Mts  alnive 
the  t'\.ii,  but  no  t.inher,  by  re.l.  n  of  a  ca'.arav't. 

The  rraile  of  this  coiiiitry  ccMilills  in  eaitl<-,  f"iiit.', 
an  !  the  li'/r!i  r.MM ''Mv,  alre.i.iy  nie'iti'irunl.  Cutt.in  is 
ahi)  a  con!;J(  rable  anielc  of  eomnierte.  'I'hcir  return'-, 
by  import, iti  )n,  .ire  j^;  iIJ,  liivcr,  fu^'ir,  aiilhuU.. 


S   l'.  C  T   I  O  N       I\'. 


C     il     1     1,     I. 

Tin.S  cotin'-",  th  yjh  en'.npuhentk.l  in  the  vire- 
royalty  of  I'eiii,  is  very  cxtenlive,  reaclupg  from 
tiie  frontirrs  ot  IVru  to  the  Str.lits  (jt  Mai'^eiian.  It  ir. 
fitiiated  l)et'.veen  '-5  ixnd  45  lii^^ees  of  loiith  litituiL-, 
bein^!;  about  i;jj  niiles  in  lenj,th,  .latl  500  in  breadth. 
It  i';  hjirulrd  on  t'lc  n  Tth  by  I'erii,  on  the  eall  by  I'.i- 
r.',["i.:y  or  l.i  PIim,  on  the  I'oiith  by  I'ata^oiii.i,  aii.l 
on  the  svilf  by  ilie  I'.ieilic  Oeean. 

Ciiili  iyiti^;  f  iiuh  of  the  equator,  the  Ical'ons  are  al - 
inoif  oj'pcfiic  ro  tfiile  i.i  the  northern  hcniil'plierr ; 
bi..  i:;-;  I...;;-  of  the  eoimtry,  ex.  cpt  nii  the  lea  e.iail, 
i  lK\ejtifiil,  ami  tiie  eliin.ite  v^hol.loine.  On  the  e.ill 
liie  counirv  is  lerrenrd  by  the  Andes,  while,  Irom  the 
well,  tiie  air  is  eo<'liii  by  the  ni  ill  rrfrelliinj^  breezes. 
Aloii;:;  t!v  eo.iil  oi'  the  I'.i'  i(ie  C)eean  they  enjoy  not 
only  a  line  tniijiuate  air,  Irit  a  ele.ir  lerene  Iky,  niolV 
ji;:rt  of  the  \e,ir.  .'^ometinie^,  in  ieed,  the  winds,  tliat 
blow  fioni  the  nioimt.iins,  are  exceeding  Oiarp  in  win- 
ter; but,  in  ;;eneral,  this  is  one  of  the  moll  e.itnlorta- 
ble  cliin.ues  in  the  world,  beiny;  a  nicditim  between  the 
intenle  lieats  of  the  toriid  kiur.e,  and  the  pieiriiir^  win-.is 
of  tin-  liiLii.l. 

'I'lie  Andes,  being  eoveied  with  fnow  j;reac  i\'irc  of 
the  year,  fu|)idy  tli':  eoiinirv  w^ti,  innunieialile  nvuk-ts, 
which  ;n-e.itly  cniitribiite  10  ..s  extraordinary  fertility. 
There  .ire  many  volcanos  among  thele  mountains  j  and 
the  air  is  io  Iharp  and  fubtle,  and  they  cannot  be  p.alli'd 
without  great  danger.  Thi.s  country  abounds  in  gold, 
filver,  copper,  tin,  (puitklil.cr,  iron,  icav!,  iVc.  IT.e 
foil  produces  Indi.in  and  biiropean  corn,  hen)[),  and 
fruits  in  gieat  variety  and  abundance.  Among  !( v(ial 
remarkabk-  hubs  produced  in  this  country,  lonu-  of 
which  are  m'\li  ui.il,  and  others  applied  to  v.irio'.:., 
ufes,  is  rl'.c  pae.qua,  whi..  i.  of  \o  iniinite  lervic  in  t.i:i- 
niiig  Icathi  r. 

Of  anim.ih  tli'-re  aie  liorles,  mules,  or.eii,  g'vits, 
and  llii-ep,  .ill  t\  (.Iknt  in  their  kind.  Hird'.,  lame 
and  v.if.l,  ,::••  fo'ii"  1  in  i^'ie/iufii  n  i  the  coalls  .I'vuiiul 
W'ith  moll  fjii-.  of  u.I'..  'I'l.e  country  is  not  infelled 
wirli  veno:v,oi.'s  iiileets. 

I'hc  i.itivc.  .  f  Chili  aie  of  a  niid,!le  flature,  llr  <in\ 


'.I    r 


RICA. 


5;13 


built,  ol   a  t\\: 


conipi 


.v.ion,  and   have    1 


black 


hair  on  t'seir  hc.i.i  ,  bu:  pluck  off  th.it  on  iheir  rhins, 
and  oiiicr  p.'.rts  oi  tlieir  belies.  'Ihey  arc  till,  rolnill, 
Biflive,  an  I  >,oiira-;^rous,  enduring  fatio'ie,  heat,  and 
cold,  to  a Jinir.i'ion. 

The  (>:\iiiiary  dri:!;;  ol'  tlii-  men  is  a  kind  of  Ion;* 
frock,  wlfich  reaches  I; lif  way  down  t!ie  leg's,  l''riMn 
the  iK\k  is  lulpeiided  .i  .Ii.iin  of  ;^old  o-  copper  ling  . 
Women  o!  the  coin n.i.i  d.ifs  h.n'e  iV.  ut  c.ivcriii;', 
hardly  readfri;'  down  to  t!;e  knee;  but  the  tlrel's  oi"  tlie 
better  (iirt  I1  lon^,  and  tluy  wear  a  petticoat  \\:\h:v  the 
outer  garment.  'I'lieir  he.itU  arc  i  mamented  widi 
rings. 

'I'he  com-ivin  jieop'.L"  ulually  larry  clubs  and  llavcs. 
Their  arnis.uc  pikes,  bows,  arrows,  and  Isvurdsj  and 
No.  51. 


their  difcip.line  much  m'^re  regular  tiian  tliat  of  the  other 
J.'ulrins.  Th'ir  manners  are  very  limple.  They  havi; 
no  gold  or  filver,  tirnigh  tb.efe  mrt.iis  nre  'o  rommnn 
ill  riieir  cour.'Ty.  All  their  beikiing  is  I'liu-  n<ins  laid 
on  the  grouml ;  and  ti.ey  e;t  on  tiie  ground,  or  die  nn 
a  li'.tle  bench,  and  v.ij;e  their  hnnds  on  a  bro-)iri,  in- 
t'.e.ul  of  a  napkin.    Th;ir  fi-.d  is  of  e.i.ii/e,  frr.it,  herbs, 

by  I'.unfin^  and  Ki.'i.ing.  Their 
of  m.'!;"*   toalled,  f.eepcd.,  snd 

I  iieir  furniture  cor.f  lis  of  tour  or 


and  wli.'.t  tliey  e.ucii 
drink,   alio,   is    made 
l)oikil,  or  of  (ruits. 


five  diflics,  '.inA  loir,e  v.-  .(,i|.?n  Iponns  or  flidls,  a  c.iki- 
lialli  cr  gourd  to  drink  01::  o'',  and  a  le.^.f  of  a  tree  or 
m.ii-/e  f  >r  a  falt-fdler.  Wiirn  they  make  bread,  rhcy 
let  i:re:'t  c.ihtn  1 '.itters,  full  of  fa-d,  iiron  the  ilre, 
and,  whin  iu.t  entM)/Ii,  take  tnirtn  oi",  put  tlie  grains 
of  mai7,e  in'o  tlie  hot  i  iiid,  ftir  them  .iboui  till  liiey  be 
toalled  enouL'h  iiir  the  ]-'r-p'!f,  and  then  grind  them 
between  two  li ones.     T'-ey  let  biooii  vi  ';  a  lhar[i  l1inr, 


fixed  in  .1  littlt 


>ii-cc  oi  weed,  and  i'..:l  i  >ng  enough  to 
'hough  thcv  CM)  nei-'K"-  rca  1  nor  'vrite, 
yet  they  lia\e  a  |  eeuher  v  ay  (,f  regillering  event?,  and 
kee|Mng  accoonis  of  t!  ing,  commi'.ted  to  their  charge, 
by  firings  of  difk-renr  Ik'cs,  in  wl.idi  they  make  knots 
of  le^'cial  clours,  c.ilicd  ipfpo  .  A  brench  writer 
td!s  us,  that  the  kno>vlidge  of  tiiefe  knots  is  a  fecrec 
Icimce,  v  liich  fathers  ilo  not  reveal  to  tlicir  children, 
till  they  find  their  tleatli  dr.iw  near. 

As  we  .:re  treating  of  the  natives  nf  (Ciiili,  itifncccf- 
firy  to  oblirve,  th.it  tiicle  Iinli.ms  mav  be  confidered 
under  two  dilSind  claHes,  the  fulijCL  t.cd  .uid  the  ""tee.  The 
firfl  of  thefe  live  among  tlie  Spmiird,-.  in  a  (l.ite  of  fcr- 
vitutle.  The  latter,  wliich  are  very  numerous,  are  in- 
dependent, .111.1  h.'.ve  |-,i::;:-rto  eluded  the  attempts 
m.ide  for  reducing  thcni  to  the  fi'.bjeffion  of  the  Spa- 
niariis. 

It  is  reinarkdiie  tli;!  tlitfe  Indi.ins  '11  their  cnntefla 
wit'i  the  Spani.iixLs,  !i  ive  geiv  r.diy  f[-:.red  the  white 
women,  carryin.-  thci.i  0  tlieirhu's,  ;-.n;l  intermr.rry^ig 
with  them,  which  i,  tlu'  rcaf.  n  tlio:  many  Indians  ot 
thele  parts  have  the  com;  IiaI.jv,  of  Spani.'.rdi  born  in 
that  country. 

I'hc  audience  of  Cl-.ili  i-.  di\  idc.!  inf) 'Jirec province^, 
St.  .[ago,  Conception,  and  Chi.'.;;"o. 

^t.  Jagj  certains  St.  J. 'go,  the  c..p;:.d  of  Chili, 
foii.ideil  in  the  ycir  1511,  l)v  \'aldivi.:.  It  is  fituated 
on  the  river  Mapoeho,  wliicii  gives  n..;iie  to  a  valley  of 
great  extent,  and  i:i[)p!ies  the  citv  wirli  v..\u-:.  In  tliC 
center  ll.inJs  the  grand  pii7/,i,  \vi-,ieh  i..  kjuare,  w'itli  a 
beautiful  fountain  in  the  middle.  I  !e:e  are  the  apart- 
ments of  tlie  governor  or  prelident,  the  palace  of  the 
royal  audience,  tl-.i:  town  houfe,  the  public  prilon,  tlie 
cathedral,  and  ma'iy  otiur  handlimie  public  and  pri- 
vate buildings.  '1  he  Spani.trds  in  St.  j.igo,  and  ths 
fuburb  of  C'limba,  on  the  other  Ode  of  the  rivr,  arc 
reckoned  to.ini)uiit  ti  Sio.o,  and  the  oLiier  inhabitant} 
to  aiioiic  v-'^.-OO,  'I  hole  who  havi'  acc,i;ired  fortunes 
at  \'.ild,i\  la,  \'.iIparaifo,  and  Conctp.iion,  repair  hither 
to  Ipeiul  their  I'.iys  in  eafe  and.  eii|oymcnr.  In  the 
neiglibourliood  are  the  gokl  mines  of  I'iltil,  and  the 
I.avad.eiMS)  ov  ti.eir  concerns  in  which  manv  of  the  ci- 
tizens amaii  vail  lortuius.  Tlie  royal  auilience,  refi- 
ding  in  St.  Ja/,o,  liiice  its  removal  from  Concejition, 
is  compofed  of  a  pndidenr,  lour  auditors,  and  a  rif'cal, 
togetlu  r  will:  a:i  (illicer  who  bears  the  title  of  protestor 
oftlie  Indians.  '1  hough  t'ubordinate,  in  fome  rcfpecfs, 
to  the  viceroy  of  I'liii,  the  determination;  of  the  court 
are  without  appial,  except  to  the  council  of  the  Indie;. 
I'he  prdivlent  is  alio  governor  and  e.iptain-gencial  of 
rlie  whole  kingdom  of  Chili,  in  which  (pi.iliry  he  re- 


lidts 


one  li..lfof  till-  year  in  the  capital. 


the  otii. 


.It  Conception.  Theieisa  tribunal  of  tii.  ini.]ififitioii 
in  this  city,  and  die  fi.e  of  a  bilhop,  lubordinate  to  th.e 
archbilhop  of  Lima.  Ivutluiuakes  have  often  done 
gicat  d.imap,e  here.  That  of  i'«47  ^^''^  f'  violent,  that 
ir  aliiioll  oeeitunud  the  whole  town,  anil  left  (iidi  un- 
wlioleleme  \apours  in  the  air,  that  all  li^''  iidiabii.inti 
ilied,  e;;cept  .iboiit  3  or  40,  Ai.othtr  duadful  fliock, 
in  i7_;o,  l.iid  the  city  in  ruins. 

7   .'V  Valparaifo, 


■  ^  M 


r    h\ 


<^H 


■  Y  :■ 


I 


'V 


^1) 


II   I  S  T  O  K  Y 


cr 


CHILI. 


IT  has  bL'cii  .ilready  Cibl'Tvi'i!,  in  the  hiflory  of  Peru, 
that  Al'iia^jro,  who  fell  a  victim  to  the  ini|)cri()i;s, 
cruelty  of  I'i.  arro,  attenij  tt-J  the  cnnquifl  of  Chili, 
but  was  deflated  in  his  deHgn  hy  ti;e  Ir.di;!:;^  laying 
iiegc  to  Coku,  which  re.  .red  his  ['reliiue  r.eteltary 
in  that  country.  'I'h.e  eoncjiiell  of  Cliili  \\•a^  fufj-eiideJ 
till  the  year  154!,  v.], en  Pedro  de  \'aliii\!a  was  ilut  to 
finilh  the  war  whicii  Ahnagro  hail  hegun.  I  Ir  |.ene- 
trated  to  the  valley  of  Ma[  oeho,  where  he  f  );;i;.;i.d  tlie 
city  of  St.  Jaj'o,  and  built  a  c.-illle  f>r  its  defence.  'I  he 
Chilcfians  attacked  thiscallle;  hut  V;ddivia,  receiving 
reinfirfcineiits  from  the  viceroy  of  Peru,  ilid  all  he 
coiild  t'j  lecure  hii  cont|uc()s.  Hut  Itill  it  a|  j/ears  that 
lie  was  not  llrong  enough  to  make  any  jorat  jro^'reK  ; 
and  the  Indians  giving  out  that  there  were  ii:anv  very 
rich  gold  mines  in  a  certain  part  of  the  country,  nut 
f.ir  from  .St.  J.igo,  drew  a  detachment  o|  lii>  forces 
(who  wrnt  in  fean  !i  of  them)  into  an  uml)iiri.ade,  ar.d 
cut  of!"  every  man  of  them,  except  their  coininarider 
and  a  ni-;Mo,  who  tlc,i['vd  to  St.  J.igo  l-y  the  luiftnefs 
of  their  horles ;  v  JK-rcupon  \'aldivia  l(  nt  I  ;r  anijther 
reinforcement  t.f  trif^p'-,  to  enable  tluin  to  adv.mcc 
;";^,unll  the  Cluleiiai;-,  ^nd  built  the  tnwn  .,nd  call le  of 
Cotjuiinbo,  iif  S-.iiTi,  (,n  a  b.:y  of  tlie  li  .1,  to  lev  ore 
his  commuijica'iun  with  Peru. 

V\'heii  the  cr,  il  -.^  us  l".:\',^fn  the  .Spaniard-,  aid  Pern 
broke  out,  V'.ili.ivi.i  w  l^  iccailed,  but  aiierw.uds  re- 
t'lrned  to  Chili  witJi  u  large  bodv  of  vi  reran  tr(;o|  s. 
'I'lic  .Spaniards  now  diUgrteing  .unong  rheiiifelve^,  the 
ChiKTi.ins  look  .id-'ant.ige  of  their  brtjils,  and  ilellri'y- 
cd  the  garrifons  of  Copia[)o  an.i  Co4uimbi),  deiiiolilh- 
ii'.g,  at  the  f..me  time,  the  t.iwns  ami  fortifir.uions. 
Wiidivia,  h'^wever,  recovered    wliat   he    had    Ivll,  re- 


built th'ife  t'uvns,  proceeded  firrhcr  f 'Ut!iu:ird,  and 
ere.'red  the  towns  of  Conception.  'I'he  loni!lc.i;ions  here 
b.'ing  finiliied,  though  under  conii  'enililc  dilHculdcs, 
Wiidivia  determinid  ro  coir.inue  his  r.iut  llill  farther 
fiuthward,  when  ii'- I'uir  ieil  the  (i'y  of  Imperial,  tour 
leagtres  e.ilt-  of  the  P.icilic  C)-.ean,  ar.-l  .). ;  louth  of  Con- 
cepti'Mi.  Immiii  lience  he  marched  to  t!ic  mountains  of 
.\n,li-s,  -.  >  K  ag'.:es  e.i'.l  of  Imperiil,  ami  built  the  city 
I  I\ica. 


■\'; 


I'lie  .\raucans,  the  bravell  na'ion  of  tiic  Chiieilan?, 


f,r 


ulrib 
in:';i;';  a,id 


Ipcnt  lo  mu.h 


i])!i)ve,i  <o, TOO  Indian.-,  in  winking  tlicm. 


5;.i     A  Ni'.w,  lun'Ai.,  AM)  AUTin-N'Tic  svsTi'.M  ok  iMvi-usAL  ciroGRArriv. 

Wilparaiio,  a  ihia'.l  town,  is  fituatcd  in  ;2  deg.  15 
mill,  foutli  latitude.  The  b.iv,  or  h.irbour,  t!iou^;li 
greatlv  expofed  in  wimer  to  the  north  wimis,  which 
then  blow  with  great  vinlcnce,  is  much  freijutnted  by 
fliips  from  Call.10  '1011  Panam.i. 

The  provirce  of  Conception  i.s  I'outh  of  tint  of  St. 
J.igo;  anvl  the  town  of  t!ie  lame  name  is  the  oKicIl  I'.u 
roj.-ean  fcttlemcnt  in  Chili,  and  the  Iccond  ciiy  in  point 
of  dignity.  The  lame  eartiv.juike  that  dcllroved  St. 
Jagoin  lyj:",  laid  this  city  alio  in  ruins.  Jlie  liirbour 
is  good,  the  tiirtifications  in-iiilfrenr,  but  tlie  gaii.l.m 
llrong.  The  jx-alants  in  the  neighbourhood  ol  Con- 
ception have  gicat  .iddrefs  in  the  ule  of  the  no'.-ic  and 
lance:  with  thefe  they  will  combat  the  ni'll  tierce  bull, 
throwing  the  n  lofe  \o  arthiilv  as  to  lav  cc  rtain  hi  Id  o! 
loine  part  of  the  body.  Wlun  a  b;:ll  is  haltelid  thry 
draw  the  knot,  at  tlie  lame  time  given  fpurs  t.i  their 
li'irll's,  and  hani-lliinging  him  widi  their  luiie-,  lo 
that  the  animal  is  t.i'.en  and  dil'ibleii  at  the  l.ime  i.n- 
flant.  Tills  dextcrirv  in  throwing  tiu'  nnolc,  and  li.r.n- 
ilringir.g  the  animal  in  an  inllant,  while  tiicy  ride  at 
full  Ipeed,  cannot  ful  of  liirpri/ing  tin-  luiroprans. 
In  private  c[uarrcla,  .ilfo,  they  liglit  widi  the  n.x.le  and 
lance  i  all  attacks  trom  wiiich  they  are  taught  to  p.irry 
^vith  luch  dexterity,  that,  alter  a  combat  of  an  Iviur, 
it  is  no  uncommon  c.\\i  to  lee  the  parties  fejurate  un- 
touched, notwi.hllanJing  b.ith  have  exerteil  r.'ie  greatell 
alertnels.  Conception  is  the  fee  of  a  bi.liop,  which 
was  transferreil  hither  at  the  time  that  the  ciiv  of'  'nijic- 
rial  was  dcllroved  by  tiie  In.liaiis.  'i'he  inha'.iit.uirs  .ire 
numerous;  the  feitiii'v  ol"  i!;e  foil,  ai.d  tlie  ouiikncy 
of  the  cl.matc,  h.iviiig  induced  .1  g'cat  n.niibcr  of 
Spani.ird.-  and  Me'.li/.  'cs  to  fettle  here. 

IJ.e  iivia,  or,  as  tiie  Spaniards  idl  it,  \'.;!.ii\ia, 
r.anJs  about  19^  miles  louth  of  concej-.tion,  at  tlie  bot- 
tom of  a  line  bay,  on  a  river  to  whicli  it  gives  name,  as 
rt  takes  its  ov.nlrom  the  I'.rll  ConqMcn^rof  this  C(juntry. 
It  is  defen.icd  by  fo*ir  llrong  caltle«,  mounting  ab,)\e 
too  jncces  o!  tine  brais  cannon;  but  th'-y  are  never 
prop-rly  garrii'oned,  nor  (ujij  lied  witii  air.munitiiin. 

Ciiicuito  province  contains  teveral  towns,  of  whicii 
t!ie  Spanilli  w  titers  have  not  given  any  defcripii^'n. 


ha.l  i.|^[ioi;-.|  the  Spaniards  widi  tlie  g:c.:tell  liircefs, 
but  luul  been  at  lail  obliged  to  liibmic ;  mv.\  thi.,  being 
one  of  tile  m.i.i  dearable  countries  in  Cliili,  Valdivi.i, 

h.id  rcl'erved  this  valley 
;'ing  fialll'lc  that  the  natives  weie 
n,,t  to  b,-  kept  un.iei-  but  by  pure  f.rce,  lie  erecled 
three  calUes  in  this  v.illcv,  .'n  I  kft  garni' ;ns  in  liieui, 
while  he  marched  farth-r  louthw.-.rd.  He  built  rlv 
town  ol  Willlcii,  wliere  tin. ling  liill  richer  mine:,  i' 
is  laid,  h 
.:-.  1  I'pcni 
.Vriuc.ms,  ta'. 


lie  in  auad'.ng  wealth,  iliat  tiic 

■A,\   a'!v.in'a,,'    of  his    ablence,  cng.lged 

tlie  whole  conniiy  in  a  conipiia-.-v  againil  the  Spaniards, 

.iiid  ell. lie  the  celel),-,ited  C.cipolican  tor  tiieir  general. 

\'.4ldi\ni,  re,-  .ving  intellig,ence  of  the  iniended  in- 
furrcdion,  returneil  m  fome  iialle  to  the  vailey  (jf  .Vrai- 
ci,  where  he  louml  1  j  or  1  i,c?->  of  tlie  natives  allem- 
bled  in  arms,  wlio-n  lie  charg  d  with  his  hirfe,  and 
ii!i!:ged  then  to  retire  inio  the  uwids  anl  enclolhres  as 
"itiu  as  they  app.eiivd,  bit  wis  not  in  a  condition  to 
diiperle  th -m  entirely.  'Ihey  trequeiuly  r-idi'/d,  and 
a-t.,cked  hi,  tro:'ps;  and  tliis  they  continued  to  en- 
counter him  fu-  icM-ral  d.iys  in  a  liirt  of  running  fight. 

'ihe  Ciiilciian  general,  obllrving  t'Mt  this  eng.iging 
tlie  .Spaniard.s  widi  fu,  h  numliers  n:  !.■  o.-cilioned  con- 
t'.ilion  a;..oiig  the  people,  t.'iofe  in  tl;e  font  t'retjuently 
giving  way  t.)  tlie  Spuiilh  cavalry,  and  difirderiiig  the 
I  el}  of  his  fjrces,  l)il  re  ever  iliey  were  engi-  cd,  di- 
vided his  army  int)  bitallions  of  loco  each,  ordering 
tl;c  n  to  cl  .iiv.e  t!ie  eneniv  by  turns.  /  le  reprehntid  to 
them,  that  tiie  Spani.irdi  were  but  1  •:o  horre,  and  t!-at 
1:0 J  of  his  brave  countrvmen  might  eafily  maintain 
their  ground  for  fime  rime  .i;;ainll  fo  Iniail  a  number, 
notwitnllanding  tli--  advanr.ig.;  the  eniuiy  hid  in  their 
.'Ui-is  anil  11  .-rles.  Ilowever,  he  only  delired  they  would 
in  ike  thiir  utm.dl  tflorr.  1  le  had  no  expec'tation  that 
t  le  tirit  batalliom  woul  1  gain  the  victory,  but  when 
they  fouml  thcml.-lves  obliged  to  retire,  re^uiired  thcin 
to  take  (  Tc,  in  tiif-ir  retre  It,  not  to  ditiirirr  the  (".licr 
bodies,  but  raliy  themfelves,  and  draw  up  in  th.-  rear, 
that  th'-y  micht  he  rrady  fir  a  fecond  charge;  aiv.l  the 
I  ime  coi;.;..„rK.ls  lie  gave  to  tlie  oir.eeri  cl'  the  oilier 
b.ii.illion-. 

In  pn-lMHce  of  th;  le  orders,  tiie  full  l).;talhi)n  en- 
gaged tiie  Spaiiilii  h'Mi'c  with  gieat  rH"  lution,  and  hav- 
in;.^  hild  tliem  in  |'iav  lome  time,  leifniely  retired,  be- 
ing fucci  e.!'-d  by  the  li  cord,  and  that  by  the  third,  and 
I  )  on,  till  the  Spaniards  ii.id  continutd  the  cng.igement 
I'lr  feven  or  eight  hour,-  wiihout  intermill'on,  and  both 
men  and  hoi, 'e,  Iiegan  to  faint  with  the  l.ibours  of  the 
day,  or  lor  want  of  refrelhiiicnt;  whieh  \'aldivia  too 
lite  ob!er\ing,  m.ide  a  precipit.ite  retreat,  ordering  his 
tri.ops  lo  t.il.e  p  >IU;''.  -n  of  a  pals  about  .1  mile  from  the 
til  Id  of  batde,  v,  licie  he  did  not  doubt  he  llinuld  be 
..i)!e  to  del,  nd  riiml'iH'ag.ilnli  all  the  power  of  the  ene- 
my. Hut  a  Cliileliaii,  who  had  been  [  ige  to  V'.iklivi.i, 
and  l>..pti/.ed  b)  die  name  of  Philip,  v.hole  Indian  ii.ime 
was  Lautaio,  liciing  hi,  mailer  give  orders  fijr  tieir 
retreat,  dcUired  ,.r  th.i:  i'llhint  to  1  i-.  counirymen,  and 
liirecK-d  iliem  to  t.i!-.''  p'ltli  lii'.n  <  f  the  pai.s  li,  !:,ie  (Ik; 
Spaniard.s  could  .liiive  ihi-ie.  lb- 1.1.1  ihcni  make  life 
of  rliC  advaut.ige.s  i.'iey  had  in  tluir  l...n  Is,  reiDvir  their 
hbernes,  and  iilcie  tluir  country  from  dellroctio.n, 
by  cutting  Oil"  tlul'e  il.iccis  and  ufurpers  who  had  in- 
v.ided  it;  and,  taking  .1  im  ar,  charged  Ids  l.ii.;  lord 
V  .ildivia  at  ihe  lic.id  ol  a  i  iipary  o(  Ch.ilclians,  while 
anther  d' til  Iimei.t  of  tile  In.iians  rcciire:!  a  pafs  as  lie 
directed  ti.ciu. 

Tlicii 


ATI  IV. 

''iitliward,  ami 
i;ilic,i;i(ins  here 
l;li!  dilHcijliics, 
lilt  Ihll  faitlur 

IinjK'iial,  luiir 
;  luiith  of  C;;ii- 
c  ni.  iiint.iiiib  -if 

biiiic  the  city 

'.Ik  Chi'i'fi.in?, 
:x.:id\  liiccc'l's, 
MV.\  tlii.i  Iviiii; 
/liili,  V'aKlivi.i, 
VL\i  this  valli/ 
r-    liativi'S    \M-ic 

c<-,  hn  erecli.vl 

111  ii')  in  till-in, 

lie   ln;ik  rh- 

.  Ikt    niiUi':,    i'. 

wdilvinp;  thc-ni, 

.■iMJih,  that  tlic 

lui  c,  cn^as^cil 

till.'  .S;)ani.irdi, 

r  tin.-ir  general 

c  inicndcd  in- 

vailcyof  Ara  1- 

;  natives  alll-ni- 

lii)  h)rlf,  and 

1  cnchliircs  as 

a  coiidition  to 

liy   triili'-'d,  and 

lUinufd   to   <-■:-.- 

f  r:innin;j  tii;iit. 

r  this  t-ngagino; 

)i'(Mfionc'd   t't).'!- 

frofit  fnijufntiy 

dil"iri!i'rin>;  t!ic 

re  en;.;i:^cd,  di- 

cai-h,  ortii-'ring 

c  rcjircltntcd  to 

horrc,  and  t!'ac 

eafily  maintain 

nail  a  number, 

ny  h  id  ill  liieir 

ircd  they  \vci:!d 

■v|!tc'tari()n  t!iat 

tory,  but  wlien 

r(\niired  t!um 

order  riie  f.!',cr 

lip  i:i  th?  uar, 

hargCj  and  the 

rri  1.1  the  Oilier 

ll  b.;;.ill'on  en- 
ntion,  and  iiav- 
ely  retired,  be- 
y  tiie  third,  and 
he  engagement 
ill'on,  and  luitli 

labours  of  the 
h  \'aldivia  too 
It,  orilerini^  hij 
a  I'l'.le  Ir  )iii  the 
)t  he  llriuld  be 
V  er  of  the  ene- 
i?c  to  X'aldivia, 
:>le  iiklian  name 
ortiers  for  t  leir 
iiintryinen,  ant! 
pals  ll.  iiire  the 
ihem  m.ike  life 
.,  reeovi  r  tlair 

Ml  dellriictio.n, 
■■  "III!  had  in- 
1  hi',  lai;;  lord 
.'liileli.ms,  while 
.'u  a  pafj  as  he 

Then 


AMFHICA.] 


S  O  U  T  II       A  M  I'.  M  I  C  A. 


'I'he  Chileiiini  now  fl  ein;'  the  Spai;iards  unable  to 
redit  their  atta^  lis  any  I'lr.:'/ r,  preih-il  them  on  every 
(ide,  without  ciiNin;?  thein  a  nn  hi'ii\  rime  to  breadie. 
They  tur  thrm  all  in  puces  in  the  Ip.it,  ex(r[)t  the 
general  \'aldi\  i.i.  Ilimrluy  b  mnd  an, I  carried  hefore 
Caiipolican,  tin:  Chihfun  reneral,  who  ordcrnl  him 
to  be  tied  toatue,  t!iit  i-.e  mi.uht  he  e>:eci.red  with 
rivire  ceiemony  th.'.n  ihde  that  till  in  the  iuttle.  \  ab 
divia,  it  is  )a;d,  meanlv  be^".'ed  his  jifi-  of  the  eonqi;e- 
ror- ,  ad'liefi'.n^  hiii.'e!!'  ( hiellv  to  l..nitaro,  who  v.as 
but  a  tew  hiKiis  beinie  Ins  Ihive.  lie  promiled,  if 
they  would  Ijaie  him,  to  wiihdr.i'.v  ail  ri;e  Spinilh  h)r- 
ces  out  of  Cli.'i,  and  in  •■er  more  dillnrb  rlnir  [leaee, 
fwearin.;  bv  ail  tii.ir  ■:.'>.  fiend  to  |)erlorm  his  p-romiie  ; 
but  tiie  iinreleiuin;r  enemy  was  deal  to  his  intreaties : 
even  1  ..lur.iro  obli  rved,  tliat  it  was  mailn<  Is  to  trull  to 
tlie  promifes  ot  a  ( Mpuve,  wh  )  wouKI  intallibly  thmge 
his  iio.c  if  he  w  is  let  a'  libeitv.  Whereupon  the  gene- 
ral pronounced  !r  .  doom.  '1  l-.ough  auihijis  dilllr  .ibout 
ti.e  manner  ot  his  cxeeution.  Some  .ilhrm  that  tliey 
poered  melted  }',old  down  liis  throat,  bidding  him  la- 
tidy  hi.nfelf  with  that  inet.d  iu'  f )  vi.dently  thirlled  alter. 
Od-.ers  relate  tlut  cine  ot  the  Indian  eaeii|iics,  nor 
bearing  to  hear  it  debated  whedirr  the  ilellroyer  of 
their  eountry  Ihonld  live  or  die,  b'-at  out  his  briins 
with  a  tiiib,  without  alking  the  pener.ii's  leave  :  and  all 
the  Spaniili  writers  agree,  that  thev  m;>de  trumpets  and 
fiutes  of  his  bones,  and  pref-rved  iii.s  (kuil  as  a  iri'imo- 
rial  of  that  important  vidory;  which  they  cclebrateil 
by  fcdluig  ami  dancing  after  thiir  country  manner, 
anil  inflituted  public  ((ions  and  ey.eieiies;  I'uh  as 
runr,i;ig,  wivfUii-^^,  and  leapin^^  to  be  ob'.erved  annuallv 
iti  memory  of  it  i  and  exptCUng  the  Spaniards  wouKl 
give  them  another  vilit,  they  encamped  in  fimi-  of  their 
inotl  inacceliible  woods  aiul  mountains,  and  Caupoliran 
conllituted  l.autaro  his  lieutenant-general,  for  the  fer- 
vices  he  l;ad  ilone  in  t!ie  late  battle,  finding  him  every 
way  c]ualit;ed  fiir  that  poll. 

'I'he  Spaniards  attemjited  to  recover  their  lolTes ;  the 
war  contLnutil  about  5'j  yea:.-.,  but  the  Chilefians  were 
moll:  pcnerally  fuccefsful,  and  at  lengtii  alnioll  expelled 
them  from  thiir  country.  The  Dutih  being  informed  of 
thele  jurticulars  in  1642,  ient  a  Iqu.idron  of  men  of  war 
tinder  the  command  of  captain  Brewer,  with  fome  land 
fori  IS  oil  board  to  make  a  lettlene-nt  at  L'hili. 

J)U  wer  a;  rived  on  the  coall  of  Chili  on  the  ;cth  of 
April,  i''|3;  and  landing  50  lold.iers  on  the  ioth  of 
May,  ti'.ey  h.id  a  liiiart  en.^ageir.ent  with  a  Spinilh  party, 
whom  they  ilt  leated,  and  fiime  Ciuielians  came  on  bo.'.rd, 
who  gave  the  I  loilanders  hopes  of  lliccels;  but  Brewer, 
the  Ivutch  commodore,  dying,  who  projeded  tlie  enter- 
pri/e,  and  the  native-  growing  jealous  of  the  defigns  of 
the  I  loilanders,  and  leeming  ready  to  ioin  the  Spaniards 
againit  the  in,  1  Icrekcrman,  who  liirceedeil  Brewt  r  in  the 
Command  of  the  lijusdron,  thou;dit  lit  to  return  hnme 
T.ithout  elleCting   any   tiling,    having   liiil   demoliHicd 


luul  ercc:et 


3.JJ 

tlie  harbour  of  Val- 


a  liitie  f'.it  they 
divia. 

In  the  year  iMm,  nn  old  Spaniard,  wh')  redded  in  tli'i 
court  of  I'.ngland,  having  reprrfented  to  king  I.  harles  II. 
that  the  Sp-miards  had  been  beaten  out  of  molt  of  their 
lettlements  on  the  coall  of  Chili,  anil  th.at  it  would  be  no 
dilfitult  matter  for  tiie  Kngiilli  to  polleis  themftives  of 
tiH-ni;  Sir  John  NarlvTough  was  lei.t  with  a  man  of  war, 
called  the  Sweepllakes,  of  ;6  guns,  to  view  the  coaltof 
Chili,  and  euijuire  into  the  fei/^ablenefs  of  planting  co- 
lonies there:  he  was  accoir.ji.iiiied  thither  by  t:ic  old 
Spaniaril,  '  Don  Carlos  abovementinned)  Sir  Jolm  palfed 
through  the  Ibeights  of  Magellan,  and  not  round  Caj^e- 
Ilorn,  as  Brewer  had  done;  and  arriving  on  the  coalt  of 
Chili  near  Valdivii,  Don  Carlos  was  let  on  lliore,  anil 
took  the  road  to  the  flirt  of  N'aldivii,  wl.ich  the  Spaniards 
li.id  rebuilt,  being  then  in  polieiTion  of  the  country,  and 
I)on  Carlos  was  never  heard  of  more.  The  Spaniards 
pcruiitted  the  Mnglilh  to  trade  with  their  peojde  jiirtrilles 
at  tirft,  but  would  not  lufter  them  to  have  a  communica- 
tion with  the  Indians,  and,  a:  length,  made  one  of  the 
lieutenants  an^i  three  I'camcii  priioner?,  vdiom  they  re- 
fufed  to  releale,  and  what  beiame  o!  them  was  never 
kn(jwn.  Sir  John  Narborou;;!),  having  no  authority  to 
co:niriit  holHIities  agiinil;  the  Spaniard-,  re:::rned  home. 

In  queen  Anne's  reign  the  delign  ot  maidng  lettlements 
here  was  relumed,  but  proved  abortive.  Thus  the  martial 
genius  of  the  n.itives  continually  retarded  the  progrefs  of 
foreigners,  and  has  always  been  the  cauie  why  the  Spsnifli 
lettlements  here  are  fo  difproportionate  to  the  extent,  fer- 
tility, and  riches  of  the  country.  The  fwt  Indaans  are 
much  more  numerous  than  the  Spani.'.rd.s  wiio  are  com- 
puted at  no  more  than  20,0 -jo.  All  the  inhabitants  of 
Chili,  including  luiropeans,  Meni.;oes,  Mulattoes,  and 
Xegroes,  are  reckonid  at  i5's,oco  only,  l-.ven  the  free 
Indians,  it  feems,  now  acknowledge  the  dominion  of  the 
king  of  Spain,  and  pay  tribute  to  his  gtwernorj  but  the 
lubjecbed  Indians  belong  entirely  to  th:  Spaniards,  living 
among  them,  and  ferving  than  ii:  r!ie  liime  manner  as  the 
natives  of  I'eru  aiv.i  Mexicc  '1  he  gte.iter  part  of  Chili 
is  Itiil  poileireil  by  the  free  Indians,  who  are  r.itiier  allies 
than  fiibjects  of  Sp.iin,  having,  it  is  laid,  i;i  the  l.;lt  treaty, 
conl'ented  to  acknowledge  the  kingof  S|\iin  for  their  law- 
ful fovereign,  only  upon  condition  tliat  they  were  liifflred 
to  continue  under  tlie  protection  of  tii.ir  own  laws  and 
government;  an  eng.igement  which  it  will  be  hazardous 
fiir  the  Sjianiards  to  l)re.\k,  howi  ver  it  may  c(r,intera<fl 
their  great  delign  of  gaining  entire  poOefhon  of  thefe 
countries,  and  thereby  rejiairing  the  cuiilbint  decline  of 
wealth  and  ilecay  of  tln'ir  precious  niet.ils  in  their  other 
lettlements.  'i'he  free  Indians  are  governed  bv  their  own 
chiefs,  whom  the  Spaniards  call  caciques,  who  claim  no 
authority,  bcfides  that  o''adminillring  jullice,  and  com- 
manding their  tribes  in  tune  of  war;  ha\ing  neither  pa- 
I.ices,  guards,  nor  rc  entie,  or  any  other  badges  of  love- 
reign  authority. 


C     II     A     P 


XIV. 


PORTUGUESE  DOMINIONS  in  SOUTH  AMERICA. 


1; 


I      L. 


Tl  lb.  n.ime  of  lir.;!]!  w.is  given  t.)  this  country  be- 
c.iule  it  was  obli  rved  to  abound  with  a  wood  of 
that  name.  It  lies  between  the  eiiuator  and  ,;5  degrees 
ot  fouth  l.ititude.  Its  length  is  about  i!5  )o  miles,  aiul 
it:,  breadth  about  7  ).-.  k  is  bounded  oa  the  north  by 
the  mouih  of  the  river  Am.izon  and  the  Atlantic 
Oce.m,  on  the  eall  by  the  lame  oce.iii,  on  the  fouth  by 
the  mouth  ol  die  ii\er  I'l.ita,  and  on  the  well  by  aeh.iin 
ot  mountains  vvhiJi  divide  it  Irom  I'ar.iguay. 

'I'he  aljied  of  the  country   is  not   inviting  from  the 
fca,  as  it  appears  mouinainuub  and  rough,    but  when 


entered  nothing  can  be  nure  delightful,  as  the  moun- 
tains are  cohered  with  woods  ot  evergreens,  and  the 
v.illies  are  cloathed  with  "crdure.  Among  the  inland 
mountains  are  various  fprings  and  lakes,  which  dilt-m- 
bogiie  themlelves  into  the  great  river  of  I'ar.iguay,  and 
the  river  of  Amazons. 

The  clim.ite  v.uies  in  dillerent  parts  of  this  extcnilve 
country.  In  t!ie  nort!ierii  pro\inccs,  towards  the  equa- 
tor, great  rains,  and  variable  winds,  are  frequent. 
The  former  limietimes  overllow  the  countrv,  and  oc- 
calion  the  air  to  be  very  imwholeliime ;  but,  in  the 
limthern  provinces,  the  hcus  are  more  tolerable,  and 
the  air  more  l'alubriuui>, 

This 


7"    ";•'  IJIj 


i    c  I, 


.■'   U 


■■f<\ 


V^^ 


ir' 


A  Ni-w,  u.-vM,  AM'  ArTiiivr;:'  sy3it:m  (t  i:MvrR5;At.  g^:ograi'iiy. 


I 
•i;  >  ■■ 


1- 


'I'liis  cvv.iiurv  bn:oi'..>  .1  j^M'At  v:r.icty  ci  rir;;:'.rs  :':..i 
vcn  niK/'.is  (.■n.it'ircsi  ai;-.  ■n:;  v-lii  h  ai'-,  ll;c  li'  .;;  m  IJi- 
lii.in-JiT,  a  i.':..i  of  f'mr- If,;; '.■■.!  ir./i.\\  «!.'>'.•  lliivj  i-, 
UK.rtal;  ilio  K.'.h.il)  i'-:.!,  a  km  i  i,  i.-rpfiir,  .'.ivr.ic  l-vi  ii 
y.'r>!s  lnn:4,  ar..l  li.iU  a  \.'.',.l  in  i  iici.r.linr.,  >■,  v,li..k' 
pi.i  .>n  i.-.  i.i;!..  •.r.w.iMi;,.',- i.;:.il  to  ;'•.,•  luar.i'i  l.'..iJ.;  tin- 
ra  'iC  In, '.I  ,  ■.:.w\\  sr.iv.;  iurc  to  ;;:i  r:M;:'.i;"is  ilzL' ; 
till-  ;i')  -..1,  (.|-  ii>(.oi!-;x  I'-mIxC,  ui',ic;i  i:  .'.bW  to  l'-v..l/)W  a 
roi-i'i.ii,  v.ii,-ic,  \\':u,  i;s  iicTii;-,  iK-iiiy  Ivtwi  I'ii  2":!r.U 
^'^  lia  ill  I(  iij-',:!',  aiul  :.vi)  or  ilirci'  \,ius  in  cir^'uni;'-- 
rc'.  .\- ;  iloij  i  •!>,  (ii:v  liir:  el  uhicli  are  hi'tvccn  Knir  aa  1 
li'.  >•  li'ir  I'.r.  - ;  ii.:,:i\l..  !  r  t.-rei' r.r  io'-.r  Itii  i-ni;; ;  ti..  ni- 
twit.-li 'tli  \  >  i:')r,i  >ib  a.  '  i!.i.,",'in"^  ;  ;'.:'.ii  ni.'.riV  dtii'l'S. 
t'lu-  i-;.:':;!-!.^  r.tl\.'  .ilc  w.y  i.\''i^.'',  r.'.;;r.iT, ",.":,  ;:iHi  i-it- 
ftniuvc. 

I  Icrv.-  :\ri.'  aiir-hc '.r-- ,  t\';'.-rs  rr  iii.' ''"><■■■. ;  |iiMi-ii- 
pir.fs;  ja--' v'viT'.>,  a  \frv  i.i  I'c  ravi.i.'js  aninial, 
ihir.cuv.  i:  ii...- a  nrrx '•iiMi,--..i ,  :iiir.'..,i:,  cs ;  vaijn;!-,  imTs 
of  r.i  iti'.,;'>,  i'i;iic  '.{  ulii.li  a,'.'  v.fi,'  la':v;  that  cill  il 
bv  i-AiiMpcaio  t'i>;  il  )t;i,  or  i.i  y  !■  all;  .■ '-.I  liu-  t-j.ii.ii- 
liji!,  a  iTcat'.'ii-  bi.:,v;cTi  a  b..il  ar,!  an  a'-,  l.,.t  v.i:!i-)-it 
lK)i;iS,  .:;i,i  vc:y  hvii.lcli.  '11, i-  n'Sli  <>'.  tiic  toi  ;;-.|;  ai 
is  goji!,  and  t.;!  -  -  ';'-<.■  bLv!'  'i'lv.-y  iia\'c  !>!\m'.  ]'jf.iiy 
of  iie^T,  iv-f-,  ny  I  f.'.KV  t^.'.'.v.':,  ;::;.!  a  vaiii.:;,' tn  u'Jii'r 
animal',  \-iKl  .-r,,!  r  ;r,'-. 

Hiaiii  aboiMiJ:)  V. itli  bii\!;,  Inmc  of  vsliiili  art-  rcniark- 
abk-  fpT  their  r.auty,  a.-.J  others  tor  ih:".r  taiK".  Oi'thc 
finl  Tir:  is  tiv.-  hamming- birJ,  di  ( al;  •.!  fr.).-.-.  t!-.r  iKalo 
lie  nial  f.  ui:'i  l.;s  \viiu;s,  when  Iv  lirk-.  I'lc  jai.c  ol' 
tlo'.L-;..  A  n.r.' raliil,  wiv)  caii>  it  ca'i'.iiri.  l;y:>,  it  i.-. 
lie  ni-jci;  !-;,-■:'  tl'.an  a  larp,.'  iwui.',  :.\\d  has  a  line 
(li'  0  like  t!;  ;c  i  !  ■.  ni;^'Iitii\v>l^''  ''■''■•■'■  '"  •'  •'''  '  "-i  '•  1  iuir 
Ic  ..l.tT--,  v.lii.li  \..i\-  :.>vvir  vDu  rt:;ii  tiivm,  apj-ear  cit'  a 
liiflcrtn:  ci.l  .'.ir  a;;J  ::'.:j,  like  thole  ol  t'u*  Tun  ly-'a:ii<, 
t'l  \sliii:h  a^Cv, ■.:;■.:  it  :.-.  n  -t  rnl'.tly  calknl  by  t!ie  n  itives 
ti:e  !'.;:i-'L>ea:n.  '•  l.v  .•.:■!;;, .r.a  katii  a  horn  t-v-i  or  tlirce 
i.'.'kes  i  ri;  r:  /'.vi-t.'  ait  t4  1,;.,  Unk''.\,i,  a.;. -I,  on  that 
auv  ;;  •:,  i'.  r,.:i;  il  hv  b.'aioncai.^  the  uiii'orn  'iiik  'I  Iv 
ti.;i::a:i  :>  ci  tl.'.*  bi. r. ■,':■>  uf  a  >.■.■:' I- pi.'^ton,  ainl  oc  a 
jKrctcc  i.t  blat,;  ail  o.  i)',  i::C'.  j't  i;:y'.rr  the  brcall  ani 
Ki!y,  nlii(.-Ii  is  (;f  a  i,..o  vtlliw,  ;.ni!  a  lin.'!!  circle  f  I  rcJ 
abinit  tiie  i!fcl>  j  bjt  what  i^  inc.  '.  cx:n"'ri!,inry  in  tiiis 
biril  i-,  thai:  i'.i  biii  i.  bi;'.^rr  than  it'  t>  '-I),  u'iow 
V  .-iioi  ■-  .-'I  i  re, I  Wiiiii  1,  .ii;.l  ali  lilt  a  Ij  iri  hv.r,.  i  he 
{::;:.i,  c.:!l-i.;  k-  I'lii .  _.  ca;i.  the  lia-cjii.'-v,  is  iciiark- 
:..iiL  r  r -jlcr:i  t!ian';r.^;  it^  native  colair,   beinc;  at  hrll 


b:.:k, 


vjn  a'];-!.  !  '..'ml,  next  wi,!!  •,  ali.  rwatJs  I'car- 


iec,  uiiu  1..,.  i)f  ail  i.riuil":)n,  \v;;ic:;  kill  j^rows  ticker  aiki 
liv.'i'er  ill;-  l->,-;ger  tiie  bin.!  liv.-r..  'I  lie  ci  coi,  a  very 
I'-.. a:t!  :'..■]  b.-,',  |iari'.;i;'.-is,  [-arr  .' s  cockataos,  iiia- 
ci'--,  a:i.!  a  vari;  :y  ol  (Hhcr>,  ar--  scry  cociinnn  here. 
■J  h-^-ir  i>i-ii';i  \' are,  unkies  verv  iarjr-  an.l  ilelici-.iii.s ;  a 
f'jr:  '- i  ".l.i-i;  k'-'-ni  .!  ii'ks  an.i  oilier  v,  ,'.rei--;o-.vl.  '1  heir 
b..'.  are  o!  a  |'r')i;! 'i'>ii .  li/e :  they  wul  <•••>  in'o  homes 
in  ik-  h:,.,:i:,  arai  i;  ti-.t  /  i'ikI  ai'-,'  ;  i-n"a-.  aiiecj',  an.l 
li'ii  01-,  i\,;,  t'i(  V'  V.  ill  ;....:;  ..:i  i'.'.l:.),  and  lii.k  tiieir 
bionl. 

i  ,ie  ik'-coaflj,  lakes  atid  ri'.'ers  are  flored  with  preat 
pi' n"y  a:.  1  \a;iety  of  ikli,  atiio:  ;  uiiii  ii  is  tiu-  !m-,1:.- 
illi,  (.'ill' J  be  ;!;e  I.adiis  orbis  i:  ;:;' r,  liom  i's  oil-i- 
i  •  l.-r  is::l;,  \-ki'k.  i^  |o  Ix-ji :  all  r  .-'i.d  'aI'I,  (harp  l'[  ik.-s, 
r  .-  •'  .:•  I:  a  !;•  ',,■■-!.  ;;,  thai  it  bi..;>  dc\,  i:^e  t.j  all 
i  :  '.  '<!  ;  y.  lV:r  c  ;  aa  tiie  li.ir.,.',  ereaiu.es  in  tiiis 
I-.:,  •!  '  :  /.  n  i,-.aik..l  le  is  ti-.e  lia  l:!...Mer,  lo  eaikd 
ii.cji..:  •;  . -I'dy  reli.iil.les  01U-,  and  l.-.m-."-,  on  the  lur- 
f.ac-_-  ;■:  •  w:.,:-.  '1  kr  inrKle  is  onlv  l:lkd  with  air, 
I  .-"i  i  •  '.  •  ;  ;;  ■,'  lifid  ct  water  tint  le'-ii.s  to  p  life  i'. 
I  ill  li.  .  I-.  ;k;,.  :,  .  ir..;;lj'are.ir,  an.l  kvc  a  bukkk-railVd 
ill  tV-  •>.  J-   r;   ,  a  (.Me.it  v.irietv  I  I'l  liMir-. 

!  '  ■■  \  ■■'  I  .;rv  onriins  a  ^rcii  ileal  of"  ilniiier, 
lr,;r -.li..:  u::i'.,h  n  lernu  ,1  Hralil  wood  i'  tii- ;  liii'.  ipaJ 
'|.i.i.ie..  ;  ...s  V.'  -1  !  l,.M,  a  red  eol.air,  ;  r  lus  lo  .i  ^;reat 
hvi;  !c  a'l  I  e '1,'i  I  rable  ihi' kncj.,  and  thrives  Liell- 
aiii  ;.••.;;  tl'.c  I  cks,  !  he  il  jv.er.i  aie  of  -.i  biii^ht  red, 
and  lia'.:-  a  ik'onj  a:.;;;-e.il)le  ai.anitic  rccitt.  'i  lu; 
\vo"!i..  red,  hii'l  aii.i  diy,  an.l  i-.  i:'"'d  in  dv;n[r,  b-it 
t'..  .  (i!  ■'.:■  V  .hi' h  it  prod'ii-es  is  iioae  oi'  livr  beii,  It  is 
iike..,.    ;::'  1  i:ii:dicii)  ill/  kjth  as  a  doi-nael'.ic  .;nd  ullrin- 


'[":.'■  piini-trees  ol  \'\.\(\\   arc  ol  five  di)]ercnt 


niaiiick, 


ki:i.is,  b.:..k-s  which  I".ere  are  w<.'ods  eifebonv, 
lotton  trees   citron,  ivc.  and  many  tuiiers  which  iiro- 
duee  adiiiiiable   fniit^  and  balliims  and  diltkle  around 
a  moil  dciici  -lis  liagiancy. 

I'tie  principal  coniiiK^lides  of  this  country  arc,  a;ii- 
bcr.j,  e.ile,  biil'anis,  li'^;ii,  fvwetintat-s  t;.dd,  tineralds, 
rof-n,  iiuii::'!,  tobaeei),  peiibies,  liianioikls,  I've. 

riie  !V)ld  and  liiain  iiui  mines  were  lird  opened  in 
til:'  y'.ar  '■  Im  ,  and  have  ever  linee  b-en  compiitc.l  lo 
yi.  Id  ;,jj  ,Loo  (Urkiiy;,  a  likii  of  wliicii  bel'jiias  to 
the  .viii',;. 

i  ;i'-  jkaid  Ik ;;.ir  is  reni.irkably  line  and,  wl-,;'e,  antl 
t'le  r  bir,-,)  is  admirable.  Of  the  lall  artick-  c  reat  ex- 
po; :s  are  male  to  .Africa,  where  they  not  onlv  iiifpofe  of 
It  ;  )  the  iii'ives,  b-at  even  fiipply  the  veiill.s  of  other 
niiins,  who  are  obiij,i  d  to  pnrchafe  it  fiir  the  conve- 
nience of  carrying;  on  the  £p\d  diilt  and  Have  trade 
with  anv  t-.)lerable  adva.;ta..;e.  The  north  an.  I  foutli 
l:art>  o\'  Ik'.ifil  .iknind  wita  h'irncd  cattle,  v.ln'cJi  are 
iuintcd  for  their  iiidts,  and  ri'iJt  numbers  are  annually 
exjiaiteLJ  to  l-.'irope. 

Ike  lV)rti;;j;i;ele  rrad.e  is  carried  on  at  Brafil  upon  .1 
very  extdifive  [)lan.  'I'iuy  .;  >  not  lend  out  lingle  fnips 
as  the  onvenience  of  tk.;  Ic-.er.il  [ilaccs,  or  the  iud'- 
mcnt  ol  tiie  l.-irripeiii  nK-;-,h.u,ts  may  dirc.l,  but  an- 
nual lleets,  which  lail  in  tiie  tullowing  or.ler,  and  at  the 
f  dl  iwinglhted  p'riods :  that  to  Uio  Janeiro  lets  lail  i(» 
j.inuary,  tiiat  t.i  Bahi.i,  or  tiie  Bay  of  All  Sifi.-its,  in 
i-'ebiiiary  j  and  th.e  third  Ik-et  ta  l''ernainbtico,  in  the 
livnth  01  M  ;r.  h.  'I'hc  cargoes  of  thele  lleets,  like 
thole  oi  the  ^-pani'li  to  tlieir  Aniericn  colonies,  con- 
lili  of  Woolen  !!;.)ods  from  I'kigl.ind,  k'rancc  -diid  }iol- 
kiiid  ;  linens  .-Mid  la;es  fioiil  llidl.uid,  Irince  and  Ger- 
manv  J  liiks  troiii  Itance  an.l  Italy;  iilk  and  thread 
llockings  h.it<,  le.id,  tin,  pester,  iron,  copper,  and 
ail  i'"its  oi  iitenids  wfuglu.  in  tivle  metals,  Inim  b'.na;- 
lan.i,  a.  veil  .;',  I'llt  tifn.  bees,  tlour  and  cliecfe.  I'hdc 
artiiic^  are  con.-evcd  up  and  tlov.n  Irom  the  lov/cr  to 
the  upper  city  on  lledijes  whii  h  are  drawn  bv  cranes 
tiirni  d  by  tkives,  and  tied  with  I'ron.",  cable  rojirs ; 
and  tile  atteiit  bein.t  llecp,  is  buarded  alonij,  that  th.e 
lledi'.e--  ma^-  iiieit  uitf.  nothing  to  obiliua  tluir  wav, 

Bi.uil  ij  thvidcd  into  liiteen  p.rovinces,  called  capi- 
t.inc.:,,  IT  capt.uniirs,  the  whole  being  a  principality, 
whkh  gives  title  to  tiie  [irefuinptive  lieir  of  the  crown 
ot  I'ortugak  Of  thefe  captainrics  only  eight  are  an- 
nexed to  the  crt>w  n. 

The  prir.ci[)al  id.ices  in  Brafil  are, 

'1  he  city  ol  .'an  .Salvador,  or  Ciudad  da  1' diia,  fitii- 
ated  on  tiie  b.iy  ot  All  .Saints:  it  is  large,  rich  and 
Well  built,  but  Rands  on  ll)  difadvantageous  and  un- 
even a  !:r-)und,  (that  is,  on  an  eminence  of  about  loo 
(.iin-ir.is,  tonne. 1  by  the  e.ilt  fule  (jf  the  bay)  as  to 
ni.ike  the  accelllon  to  it  very  dilKcuit,  by  reafm  of  its 
pi  cat  lleepni'is,  infniiucii  that  they  are  forced  to  have 
r^^  iiirle  to  i  ranes  and  other  ma.  Iiines  fiirconveving  the 
g.aoils  up  and  dawn  from  the  city  to  the  ports.  idie 
pl.in  of  the  upjier  vr.\n  is  as  regularly  dr.iwn  n.  the 
Ui;e\c,iiuls  of  the  hills  would  [>ermit;  but  though  the 
lire-,  ts  are  llrait  and  of  a  goo-.i  breailth,  moll  of  tiiein 
have  fo  d' cp  a  defcent  that  tliey  W'ould  be  impafkible 
lor  (ji.ir  t  '.iJick  and  chairs  i  to  liipply  which  delect  t!ie 
licii  i!icre,  who  are  no  lei's  iinibiiious  to  diiling.iiilh 
tlunili  Ivcs  from  tlie  rell  of  ii!an!;ind,  by  lliewing  tk-.-m- 
lelves  ;il),)vc  ukng  thofe  Ic '-i  which  nature  h.ith  given 
ikein  to  walk  on,  caufe  tlirml;  Ives  to  be  carrii  1  abouc 
ii  a  m"!l  li.'.y  manner,  in  beds  of  line  cotton  hi!'j;iii'^ 
bv  the  en  Is  to  a  long  ptde,  which  two  neru'  les  carry 
eirh:-'i-  en  -.Ivir  heads  or  llionl.ki  ;.  Th"  bed  i,  overed 
v. idi  a  tdk-T  or  canopy,  to  v'hiihare  kiing  lome  ciir- 
tiin-j  to  draw  dole  or  open,  bv  which  the  [H.*rf  in  is  fe- 
cnred  fr.'im  rain,  wind,  and,  if  Ir  pit-ales,  fr.im  light. 
I'hu;  lying  at  his  eali-,  and  Ids  l-.ei:  1  reclined  on  a  lafc 
velvet  pili'W,  the  proud  llog^'ULl  is  carried  ;ibout  more 
.-•lilv  tii.m  in  cfiaihes  or  fedan- .     ld;e  ( rit'on  lianiinoc!:s 


AMI- RICA 


.rr   hci-e  callcil  lerp.entins, 
odier  J  .ii!>. 


.md   n.jt   1 


'ilankins,    as   in 
N'Otwithnar.di.-.j 


ivc  ililiiTcnt 


ale,  v.liiili  are 
:rs  arc  .mi-.ually 


(■f)t'ni\  li;i!n;n()(-!:s 


Notwitliflandir.j 


AMI-RICA.] 


O  U  T  il      AMERICA. 


J57 


NotwifJiltantling  tlic  irregular  anJ  incoiivcnient  fitii- 
ation,  St.  ^aiv4lior  ib  oiu-  of  the  mod  tnulini;  ami 
fit  licit  citiis  ill  tliis  country,  and  wc  may  add,  that  i: 
coiitribiitis  much  to  the  llrcngth  ot'  it,  lb  that  with  a 
liiKill  cxprncc  it  might  bt  maile  impregnable,  nature 
having  flirmtil  ditciics  and  outworks  flanking  one  an- 
othi  r  in  liich  a  manner  that  the  ground  might  be  dif- 
pu'.ed  incn  by  inch.  The  ealt;  lide  of  St.  Salv.idor  is 
alnviH  in-iccefTible;  the  lelt  arc  all  well  fortilied  both 
by  art  and  nitiire,  and  the  avenues  guarded  by  levcral 
forts,  particiilatlv  that  of  St.  Peter,  whith  is  a  regular 
tetragon  of  earth  faced  with  Hone,  fui  rounded  with  a 
tlitch  ;  of  St.  l)iei^;o  or  James,  much  of  the  lauic  form 
the  niatenais,  l)iir  without  ditches  ;  Calii  de  la  Pulvera, 
or  powd(  r  magay.inc,  another  llrong  tetragon,  contain- 
ing ei;;hc  ilillinct  magazines,  vaulted  and  covered  pyra- 
midwilc  i  the  fort  of  Sc.  Anthony,  of  the  f.imc  fiirn), 
but  laiger,  and  fitnated  on  the  north  fide  e,\.iclly  over 
the  wjieriiigplace,  and  commanding  the  road  on  the 
other;  tiiac  of  Nucitra  SeiMiora  de  V'ii'tori.i,  (ituated 
;ib')ut  l-..df  a  cannon  Ihot  from  the  lalt ;  that  of  St. 
l{.ir(iiolomew,  winch  defends  a  lirtle  h.irbour,  where 
llii[)s  may  careen  ,  and  lalUy,  that  of  Mimcfcrrai,  be- 
lides  thole  which  coinmind  the  entrance;  u  th.it  upon 
the  whole,  there  fccms  little  clle  wanting  to  rcncu:  it 
inaccelfiblc  to  the  enemy,  bur  the  keejang  rhole  for- 
tifications in  better  repair,  rebuilding  luuie  others  gone 
to  ruin,  and  turnilhing  thofe  forts  with  better  canr.on, 
and  greater  fupply  of  ammunition,  than  arc  commonly 
fond  in  (hem.  Both  town  and  forts  are  girrifoncd  by 
regular  t  >rces  m.iintained  by  the  king  of  Portugal,  all 
Well  armed,  difciplined,  ckiathed  and  paid. 

The  fjllowing  place  was  vifited  by  Captain  Cook  on 
Iiis  firft  voyage,  and  from  whofe  authority  wc  fhali 
give  a  particular  dcfcriptiofi  of  it. 

RIO     D  E    JANEIRO. 

Toiun,  Hiitlicitr,  Country  round  il,  Climnic,  Vi-grtai/!,-', 
I'l/h,  Buds,  InfeEls.  Cold  Minis,  I'rccuius  Str.iuf, 
DsamotuU,  Rrjhiclwnon  TravelUrs,  Com,  hlanujoi- 

tori,  Iithabitiii:!^,  Govnnmmt,  hav.rj.tv  fixicnliei  i /' 
/A<r  Mil.liirv  I'^uin,  ilrfpoln'.  Pouif  of  the  Vicnin, 
yi /<.'/■:./(■'■(  and  C"jioms,  Re'.f^-.un,  n:/b  fjiiie  ^niniu 
Rc.iu-r.U. 

TIIH  town,  which  is  the  capit.ll  of  ti:c  Porttigucfe 
Ooiuiiiions  ill  America,  ilc rives  its  name  Irom  Rio 
<le  Janeiro,  or  the  river  of  jannarius,  prooubly  fo  tailed 
from  its  having  bren  dill:overcd  on  the  tea;l  <l.iy  of  rlut 
laint.  Captar,:  Cook,  fays,  it  is  rather  an  ariu  nf  the  I'r.;, 
•IS  it  did  not  appear  to  receive  any  conliJcrabK'  Itream 
offrefli  water.  I'he  town  Hands  on  a  |)i,;i  i  cl  )fe  to 
the  Ihoie  on  the  welt  (idc  of  the  bay,  at  the  foot  of  fcve- 
r.il  hi",ii  mount.iins  tliat  rife  beh  nd.  It  is  neither  ill  lic- 
figned  or  ill  built ;  the  hoiiles  in  j^-eneral  arc  of  (lone, 
and  two  Ifories  high,  every  houlc  h.iving,  after  the 
manner  of  the  Portuguefe,  a  litde  balcony  before  its 
windows,  and  a  lattice  of  wood  bel()re  the  balcony. 
Its  circuit  was  computed  by  Captain  Cod  at  about 
three  miles,  lor  it  appeared  to  be  equal  in  fine  to  the 
largdl  county  in  England.  The  ftrects  are  ftrait,  and 
of  a  convenient  breadth,  interfering  each  other  at  right 
angles  :  the  greater  part,  however,  lie  in  a  line  with  the 
citidel  called  St.  Sebaftian,  which  Hands  at  the  top  of 
il  hill  that  commands  the  town. 

Rio  de  Janeiro  is  fupplieil  with  water  from  tlie  neigh- 
bouring hills  by  .m  ai|ueduitt  raifcd  U[)on  two  flories 
<it  arcnes  to  a  [iieat  height  from  the  ground,  from 
^vhich  the  water  is  conveyed  by  pipe'*  into  a  fountain 
in  the  great  K)uare  t!iat  fronts  the  viceroy's  palace. 
At  this  fountain  great  numbers  of  people  are  continu- 
ally waiting  (or  their  turn  to  draw  water,  and  the  fol- 
dit-rs  who  are  polled  at  the  governor's  door,  find  it  very 
ditiicult  to  maintain  any  regul.uity  among  them.  The 
Water  at  the  foniitains,  howe\  cr,  was  lo  b.id,  that  our 
people,  who  had  been  tv.o  months  at  fea  coiifinei!  to 
that  in  the  calks,  which  was  alniott  always  foul,  could 
No.  51. 


not  drink  it  with  pleafurc.  Water  of  a  better  qualiiy  is 
laid  into  fome  other  part  (/  the  town  ;  but  our  people 
coiilii  nc:  learn  by  what  means. 

The  harbour  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  fituared  well  by 
north,  18  leagues  from  Cape  'J'rio,  may  be  known 
by  a  remarkable  hill,  in  the  furm  of  a  fiigar-loaf, 
at  the  well  part  of  the  bay  ;  but  as  all  the  coall  is  very 
high,  and  riles  in  many  peaks,  the  entrance  of  the  har- 
bour may  be  more  certainly  dillinguillied  by  the  iflands 
that  lie  before  it;  one  of^  which,  called  Rodonda,  is 
high  and  round  like  a  hay-Hack,  and  lies  at  the  dif- 
tance  of  two  l';agucs  and  an  half  from  the  entrance,  in 
t!ie  diredion  of  fouth  by  welt. 

Though  the  entrance  is  not  wide,  this  harbour  is 
certainly  a  good  one;  for  the  fea  breeze,  whicii  daily 
blows  from  ten  or  twelve  o'clock  till  Um  let,  makes  it 
cafy  lor  any  fhip  to  go  in  before  the  wind;  and  it 
grows  wider  as  the  town  is  approached,  (b  that  a-breaft 
of  it  there  is  room  lor  the  l.iigcll  Heit,  in  five  or  fix  fa- 
thom water,  with  an  oozv  0.>c;oin.  ^Vt  the  narrow  p.irt 
the  entrance  is  defemleil  by  two  forts. 

J'he  country,  at  a  Imall  dillance  round  the  town, 
(wiiith  was  all  that  was  leen  by  any  of  our  pco])le) 
is  beautiful  in  the  highcll  degree;  the  wildcll  fpoti 
being  varied  with  a  greiter  luxuriance  of  flowers, 
tioth  in  beauty  and  make,  than  moll  of  the  gardens  in 
l.ngland. 

I'liough  the  climate  is  liot  here,  tlie  iituation  of  this 
town  is  wholefinne;  fn  C/'/.v.';  Cc.i  remarks,  that, 
during  his  (lay  hre,  the  therm  Jiiuter  never  role  high- 
er than  8  5 ;  tli.iugh  tiieie  were  frequent  rains,  and 
once  a  very  hard  gale  ci  wind. 

With  rel'ped  tu  cultivation,  tiiere  is  but  little  ap- 
pearance: me  greucr  part  of  the  land,  indeed,  is 
wholly  unc';i:iv  .id,  aid  very  little  care  or  labour 
feems  to  have  Oeen  oef  i.ved  upon  ihe  rell.  There  are, 
indeed,  Ipots,  or  gariiuis,  in  which  many  kinds  of 
European  garduilL'.iil  are  [n  Alu.ed,  ];arciculariy  cab- 
bages, peas,  beans,  kuiney  beans,  tur!i!;.s,  and  white 
radillies,  but  ail  uu:ch  ihlerinr  to  thofc  of  our  country. 
Water  melons  and  |  ■iie-arples  are  alfo  produced  in 
thefe  I'pots ;  and  tlicv  -u'-'  t.e  only  fruits  t.-.a:  were  fecn 
cultivated  ;  th  .ugh  ih.:  coiinrry  pr.jJuced  i-.iu.'k-melcns, 
oranges,  lemon.s,  lime--,  n'.ctt  knio:is,  citro'i,  plain- 
tains    banjnas,    ir.  .;;:■;. s,    m.imane-:'.p|ies,    accjou    or 


ca.hoii-api'lcs  and 


jj:nb;ira  of  f.vo  kinds,  one 


of  which  bear  a  liiiall  black  iiuit;  cocoa  nuts,  plaTi 
ill, is  of  two  kinds,  o,ie  lonj;,  ti.e  other  roun.l ;  and 
pahii  chcrrie.s ;  all  ol  whicii  ucre  in  fealon  when  our 
people  were  here,  \^!li^.l•.  v. as  in  the  month  of  Dc- 
ceii.'uT. 

Ihe  water  melons  and  oranges  were  the  befl  fruits 
of  taeir  kind.  Tiie  pine-apples,  C.uiiain  Cock  fays, 
were  inferi:)r  to  thofc  he  had  eaten  in  l.ngland :  he 
adds,  that  they  are,  indeed  more  j.iicy  and  Iweet,  but 
have  no  flavour,  and  tliat  I.e  believed  ihem  to  he  iiati\ei 
of  this  country ;  tlioi.gii  he  heard  of  none  that,  at  this 
time,  grew  wild,  ilxy  have,  ho,\ever,  very  little 
care  bellowed  up';n  tliem,  the  plants  being  let  be- 
t  ,;cn  any  kind  of  garden  IKiir,  and  lutlercd  to  take 
the  chance  of  the  lealun.  1  he  mulk  melons  are 
mealy  and  infipid;  but  the  water  melons  are  excellent, 
having  a  flavour,  at  kail  a  tlegree  o;  afcidity,  which 
ours  have  not.  Several  I'pecies  of  the  pricidy  pea, 
and  fome  European  fruits,  were  leen,  particularly  the 
apple  and  peach,  both  which  were  very  inea!.' 
and  infipid.  In  the  girdens,  alio  grew  yams  and 
mandioca,  which,  in  the  Well:  Indies,  is  calleil 
calliiva,  and  to  the  flour  of  which  the  people  liere  give 
the  name  of  rannL;  d,  l\ir,  which  may  not  be  im- 
properly tranfiated.  Powder  of  Poll. 

The  foil,  though  it  produces  tobacco  and  lligar,  will 
not  produc,c  bread-coin;  lo  tliat  the  people  here  have 
no  wheat  flour,  but  what  is  brought  from  Portugal, 
anil  fold  at  the  rate  of  a  fliilling  a  pound  ;  tiiouk'h  it  i-, 
generally  fpoiled  by  being  heated  in  the  pafliige.  The 
naturalills  were  of  opinion  that  all  the  produits  of  our 
Wefl:-India  Iflands  wouk!  grow  here;  notwithflanding 
6   H  wliicti 


<     iM 


< 


I  ''■'.  ill 


r; 


5^8        A  N'lAV,  ROY  AT.,  ano  AUTIIKNTIC  SYSTF.M  of  UNIVKRSAl.  GI-.OGRAPHY. 


'1^' 


I 


1  ■ 


li 


wliich  t!ie  inhabitants  import  t!u-ir  collVc  and  chocolate 
from  l.ilbi)[i. 

Moll  ot'ihc  lami  in  tlits  country  ii  laiil  down  in  grafs, 
upon  which  cattle  arc  paftiircii  in  gre.it  plciuy ;  but  thi./ 
arc  io  lean,  that  tnglilbmen  will  llarcely  eat  of  tlie 
fldli.  liie  herbage  of  thele  palhires  confilh  chielly 
of  crefll'S,  an.l  ii,  thrrefore,  io  fiiort,  that,  tliough  it 
inay  alfoiil  a  bite  hn  horlcs  and  lliefji,  it  can  iiardiy  be 
grazed  by  horned  cattle  in  a  lurVicitnt  quaiitiiy  to  keep 
thtni  alive.  \\  ith  relptCl  to  liriigs,  all  that  could  be 
found  in  tlie  apotlircaries  llioj^s  were,  pareira  brava  and 
balfani  capivi,  both  excellent  in  their  kinds,  and  luld  at 
a  Very  low  price. 

'I'hc  river,  and,  indeetl,  the  whole  coaft,  abound 
«ith  gieftt  varietv  of  filh  :  alnioll  every  day  one  or 
uicre  of  a  new  rpe(  ies  were  brouj.^ht  to  Mr.  IJanks. 
■fhe  b.iy  is  adiiiiial'ly  .idapted  for  cnching  thcic  (ill), 
being  full  of  fm.ill  ill.wids,  between  which  there  is  llial- 
lovv  w.ittr,  and  |)roper  places  for  draw  in;;;  the  feine. 
The  fea  without  the  bay  abtnind.s  witli  d.olphins,  and 
lari^e  niackarel  nf  dillerent  kinds,  which  rr.ulily  bite  at 
a  hook  ;  and  tiie  inhabitants  alw.iy.i  tow  one  after  their 
boais  tor  that  purpole. 

Soon  alter  the  lliip  left  tlie  harbour  |i)mc  of  the  peo- 
j  !c  hooked  a  Ihark,  p.nd,  while  they  were  playing  it 
under  tlie  cabin  wimlow,  it  threw  out,  and  ilrew  in, 
lever.i!  tunes,  what  appeared  to  be  its  llDiiiaLh.  It 
proved  to  be  a  female,  and,  upon  being  opened,  fi.x 
young  ones  were  taken  out  of  it :  five  of  them  were 
aiive,  and.  fwain  brilkly  in  a  tub  of  water;  but  the 
fi.\ili  appeared  Ui  have  been  dead  lonie  time. 

The  bar.ks  of  the  lea,  and  of  the  finnll  brooks,  which 
water  t'-.is  part  of  tii;  country,  are  aliii'ilt  covered  w:;h 
f:i:all  crabs.  Some  of  thcfe  had  one  of  the  claws  called 
liy  naturahils  the  hand,  very  larL';e  ;  others  had  them 
both  remarkably  fmall,  and  of  equal  lize  ;  a  difi'erence 
which  is  laid  to  dillinguilh  the  lexes,  that  with  the  large 
claw  being  the  male. 

In  this  country  is  a  variety  of  birds,  efpecially  fmall 
ones,  many  of  tiiein  adorned  with  the  molt  beautiful 
plumage.  Amoi.g  thcfe  is  the  humming  bird,  equal 
to  any  heretofore  delcribed. 

There  is  as  p;reat  a  variety  of  infecT:s,  Ibme  of  whith 
are  very  beautiful,  efpecially  the  buttertiies,  which  br- 
ing more  .nimble  than  thole  of  b.urojie,  many  of  them 
flev/  near  tiie  tops  of  trees,  and  were,  therefore,  very 
difficult  to  be  caught,  except  when  the  lea-breeze  blew 
frelh,  v.i-.i(.h  kept  them  nearer  ti,^  ground. 

Tlie  !ca,  a  le.igiic  or  iwf)  rlillant  from  this  place,  was 
fblVrved  lo  be  covered  with  broad  llreaksof  a  yellow  ilh 
ci.'lour,  lcver.d  of  thei;i  a  mile  ]rinp.,  and  three  or  four 
liun'.lred  yards  wide.  Some  of  the  water  tliiib  coloured 
was  taken  up,  and  i'ouml  to  contain  innumerable  atoms, 
pointed  at  the  end,  of  a  yellowilb  colour,  and  none  of' 
the.m  the  fortieth  part  of  an  inch  long.  In  tlie  micro- 
fcope  they  appearetl  to  be  Imall  llbre--,  interwoven  with 
each  other  i  but  whctlier  they  were  anini.il  or  vegetable 
fubllances,  or  for  wh.i:  they  were  dcligucd,  our  n.itural- 
ilts  -.'auld  not  determine. 

The  mines,  in  wliich  the  riches  of  the  plice  confill, 
our  people  fuppoild  to  lie  far  up  the  country,  tliough 
tliey  could  never  lea';i  wliere,  or  at  what  diillaiice  i  tor 
the  lituation  is  concealed  ,\,  r.mch  as  pali)!)lc  ;  and  troops 
are  continuiUy  emplov'ed  in  ^u.irding  the  roads  tli.it 
lead  to  t.  !i.  It  \i  almoil;  impoll'.ble  I'or  any  man  tn 
get  a  (■^■;ht  of  them,  c;;cej;t  thole  v,  iio  are  employed 
tliere.  Indeed,  the  tlrongell  curiolity  would  fcarcely 
i.iduce  any  ma:i  to  .itteinpt  it;  for  wlioev-T  is  found 
upon  the  roaii  to  tlirni,  if  he  cannc/t  |)roduce  undeniable 
evidence  of  his  li  ivmr,  bullaels  thire,  is  imiuidiatcly 
}iani',ed  upon  :he  ne.x:  tree. 

'liie  gold  Irom  the;,  inines  is  acquired  at  an  exjirnce 
uf  liii",  that  mull  ibike  every  man  w-uh  honor  to  whom 
culbim  lias  not  rendereil  it  i.uniliar.  .No  lels  than  40,  :;oo 
\egroes  are  aimu.iliy  imported,  on  the  kiii,;'s  account, 
to  dig  in  the  mines :  and  Ciipl ua  (  .^k  was  creJibl;.  in- 
toiined,  that  the  lall  year  but  one  Ivfore  he  arrived 
■:■::,  tiiia  nunib.'r  fell  (')   lliort,  prob.ibly  from   Ibme 


,L  r 


epidemic  dileafes,  tint   20,000  more  were  draiighte  i 
from  the  town  of  Rio. 

Siuh  a  plenty  of  precious  fliMies  is  found  here,  that 
a  certain  ijuantity  only  is  allowed  to  be  colk\Hed  in  .1 
year.  To  collect  this  quantity  a  number  of  people  ..le 
lent  into  the  country  wIkic  ttuy  are  found,  and  when  it 
is  got  together,  which  fniiietiines  hajipons  in  a  month, 
lonurimt-s  in  lel«,  and  lonietinies  in  moie,  t'ley  retiuii, 
and  alter  tiuit,  whoever  is  toiiiid  in  tlule  dillricts,  on  any 
preteme,  beli)re  the  iie.\t  year,  is  put  to  death. 

Diamonds,  topa/es,  niA  leveral  forts  ot  amethylh, 
are  found  here.  Our  people  ilid  not  lee  ary  of  the 
diamonds,  but  were  inlormed,  that  the  viccr.iy  had  a 
large  quantity  by  him,  which  he  wouKl  fell  on  the  king 
of  Portugal's  account,  but  not  at  a  lefs  price  than  they 
were  fold  for  in  Iviiope.  Mr.  Banks  ]>urciuled  a  few 
pazes  and  aincthylls.  Of  tlie  t.-pa.'js  tliei'c  are  three 
forts  of  very  dillerent  value,  which  are  liillinguilhed 
here  by  particular  names.  'I'hey  are  told,  large  and 
imall,  good  and  bad,  together,  by  octavos,  or  the 
eighth  part  of  an  ounce  i  th.c  belt  at  four  Ihillings  aiid 
nine-pence.  All  dealing,  however,  in  thele  (tones,  is 
prohibited  the  fubie:t  under  tlie  moll  ievere  penalties. 
There  were  jew.-llers  here  formerly,  who  purchaic. land 
worked  them  on  tluir  own  account.  About  fourteen 
months  before  the  arrival  of  our  people,  orders  came 
from  the  court  of  I'ortugal  that  no  more  Itones  Ihould  be 
wrought  except  on  the  king's  account.  The  jeweller-, 
were  ordered  to  bring  all  their  tools  to  the  viceroy,  and 
left  without  any  means  of  lubliltence.  The  people  em- 
ployed here  to  work  Itones  for  the  king  are  llaves. 

'I'll  reltrain  thepcojile  froiii  travelling  into  the  coun- 
try, or  getting  into  any  diilrict  where  gold  or  diamonds 
may  be  found,  ofbothwliich  there  are  more  than  the 
government  coukl  otiierwife  fccure,  certain  bounds  are 
prefciil)cd  them  at  t!ie  dilcietion  of  the  viceroy,  lome- 
tiiiies  at  a  few,  and  fometimes  at  many  miles  dilt.ince 
from  t!ie  ci'y.  On  the  verge  of  thc-fe  limits  a  guard 
conllantiv  p.uroles,  and  wiioever  is  f  nmd  beyond  it  is 
immediately  leized  and  thrown  into  prilon  ;  and  if  a 
man  is,  upon  any  pie:'-nce,  taken  uji  by  tlie  guard  with- 
out the  limits,  he  wi'd  be  lent  to  prilon,  though  it 
Ihould  ajipear  he  ilid  not  know  tlicir  e.-vtent. 

The  current  C)in  here  istitlier  that  of  Portugal,  con- 
fining chielly  of  thirty-fix  lliiiling  jiieces,  or  pieces 
both  of  gold  an.!  IHvt,  whi^li  are  llruck  at  this  place. 
The  pieces  of  filver,  which  aic  ver;.  nnich  ucbafed, 
are  called  petacks,  and  are  of  dilTerent  value,  and  eahly 
ilillinguilheil  by  the  number  of  rees  that  is  marked 
on  the  otirfide.  1  lere  is  alio  a  copper  coin,  like  tint 
in  Portugal,  of  five  and  ten  ree  pieces.  A  ree  is  a  no- 
minal coin  of  Portugal,  ten  of  which  are  equal  in  value 
to  about  three  farthings  llerling. 

With  refpei-'t  to  manufaclures,  none  were  fecn  or 
hear<l  of  here,  except  that  of  common  hanunocks,  in 
which  people  are  carried  about  as  they  are  with  us  in 
li-d.in  chairs  i  an  I  tliele  arc  priiKipally,  if  not  wholly, 
tal'iieated  by  the  Indian  . 

Ihc  inhabitants  ()(  this  place,  which  are  very  nume- 
rous, confill  of  Por:u;;uele,  NegrcK"-,  and  Indians, 
the  original  natives  oi  tlie  country.  'I  .he  Indians,  who 
are  employed  to  do  the  h.in'f's  worki  in  tiiis  neighbour- 
hood, can  learcely  be  confiucred  as  inhabitants.  Their 
reiidence  is  at  a  dillancc,  from  whence  they  come  bv 
turns  to  their  tafl;,  which  ihvy  are  obiig.-d  to  perfijrnr 
for  fniall  pay.  Ti;e  guaid  boat  wai  couilantly  rowed 
to  tliefo  people,  who  are  of  light  topper  colour  com- 
plexions, and  have  long  black  hair. 

Iliough  the  government  here,  as  to  its  lijrm,  is 
iiii.\id,  it  is,  in  liid,  very  delpotic.  It  confills  of  the 
vueioy,  the  governor  of  the  town,  and  a  council. 
Without  the  content  of  thii  cou.-.cil,  in  which  the  vice- 
roy has  a  calling  vote,  1:0  j.idicial  aCt  (liould  be  per- 
formed 1  yet  both  the  viceroy  .md  iiovetir  freouenly 
<:ominit  pcrfiins  it  their  own  ilea:  ie  ;  .'ii.i  ibmetimes 
fend  them  to  Lt'.i/ni,  witi.out  a.qiiai.iiii.: ,  ilieir  I'riends 
or  lauiily  withwhii  i^;  iaid  to  tin  ir  cli.ir^-,  or  where 
they  may  be  I  juu  i. 


U'HY. 

ere  liriuglitc.l 

ikkI  Iktc,  tliat 
c'()lk\Hc(.l  ill  ,1 
ol  people  .ii  L" 
1,  am]  whi-n  it 
s  in  .1  nuiiitii, 
,  tlicy  ri'tiiiii , 
illiitis,  oil  any 
(.L-.itli. 

ol   ;lilict!ivlls, 
ic  a:;y  ot  tlic 
viicr.))'  Iiad  u 
(.ll  on  tlic  k'nv,\ 
piico  t!iau  they 
lurcluleu  .1  ti-w 
lere  arc  tliiec 
:  diiliii^iiillie't 
.)l.i,   Lirge  .i:;  1 
lavos,    or    t!;r 
ur  lliillins^s  aial 
dicl'e  (loiies,  is 
eveie  penaltiv-^. 
o  puichalc-i  .v.\d 
About  fourteen 
!e,  orders  caint; 
(tones  Ihoulu  be 
The  jeweller', 
he  viceroy,  and 
The  people  em- 
arc  llaves. 
g  into  the  eoiin- 
old  or  diamonds 
:  more  than  the 
rtain  bounds  are 
:  viceroy,  lonie- 
y  miles  dillanje 
;  limits  a  j^uartl 
iiid  Layond  it  is 
irilon  i  and   if  a 
V  t'le  guard  wi'h- 

lifoll,     tllUl|i.'Jl    it 

iient. 

)f  Portugal,  con- 
ieces,  or  pieces 
ick  at  this  [.la; e. 
.  much  dcbafeci, 
value,  and  eahly 
that  is  inarl.ed 
er  coin,  like  th.it 
.  A  ree  is  a  no- 
ire equal  in  value 

ne  were  fecn  or 
n  hammocks,  in 
ey  are  with  us  ia 
ly,  if  n'j'.  wholly, 

1  are  very  mime- 
"-,  and  Indians, 
he  Indiana,  wh'> 
n  ih.is  ncighhour- 
abitants.  Their 
"e  they  tome  bv 
jlig'.'d  Co  perform 
conilantly  rowed 
;per  colour  coui- 

s  to  its  fijrm,  is 
It  confilh  of  the 
,  and  a  council. 
I  which  tlie  vice- 
t  lliduld  be  pir- 
'.  ,; ..  r  IreiHiei-  ly 
i  .'.nJ  Ibmctimes 
111.;',   their  liidlds 

;a.u;v-i  or  where 
The 


AMERICA.] 


f,  O  U  T  n      A  M  r.  R  I  C  A. 


559 


The  m-l,rary  cflabl'.ll'.ment  Iierc  conlills  of  tv/civc 
regmieiits  >>f  regular  troops,  fix  ct  which  are  I'ortu- 
^  ;el'e,  -iiid  iix  Creole',  aiul  twcKc  other  regiiiuiiis  of 
proviiui.il  ihilitia.  To  tlv-  re'-'iilms  the  ii. habitants  be- 
have widi  the  utmoll  liibiiuihun  ^.iijjl.wi  (ailL  w.ib 
t.il.1,  that  it  any  one  Oiould  ne^le.l  to  tawe  <jlf  Ins 
hat  upon  meetin;^  an  ollicer,  lie  would  immediately  be 
kni-cked  J  )wn.  Thefe  haughty  I'veiities  render  the 
jieo  .|e  rxiiemely  civil  to  any  lliangtr  who  has  the  ap- 
piaiaiueof  a  ;',entlemaii.  IJut  tlie  lubordination  of  liie 
oliKiij  iheinleK'rs  to  the  viceroy  i.  enf 'iced  with  cii- 
coui.tance.s  njially  monifviiig,  f()r  tl'.L-y  iire  ol)li^^ed  to 
iit'.inJ  in  hl^  iidl  tlinc  time',  everyday  to  all.  hi.  c  iin- 
iiiaiids.  The  aulwer  conlhintly  is,  "  There  is  notiiing 
lieu."  CvfLfn  <  vvk  was  told  that  this  lervile  atten- 
dance is  cNaeUd  to  prevent  their  going  into  the  country, 
and  rein.irkb  iij)oii  the  occafioii,  that,  iffo,  it  dre^lu- 
ally  .infwii:,  the  purjiole. 

W  itli  ir..>a!il  til  the  wiinien,  it  is  on  all  hands  agree;!, 
that  ine  fem.ilrs  ot  the  I'oitngiicle  and  i-ipanilli  lettlc- 
ineiits  in  .South  .America,  are  lefs  aveife  to  granting 
amorous  l.ivoius  r'Mii  thole  of  any  otiier  civiliiied  part 
of  the  globe.  .Vctordii.g  to  Dr.  Solandcr's  account, 
as  loon  as  tne  evening  began,  (cm  iles  ap|)eared  on  oil 
(ides,  n  every  v.iridow,  and  [Drtimlarizetl  tliolc  of  the 
mile  le,\  t:.ey  liked  l)y  giving  them  nolegays.  The 
D"ctor,  ami  iwi)  otiier  gentlemen,  receivei.1  \o  many  of 
the.c  b  jucjuets,  that  they  threw  handuils  away.  Cap- 
hull  Cook,  upon  this  occalion,  very  caiuiidly  obfervcs, 
that  great  allowance  mull  be  made  (or  local  culloms; 
that  wiiich  in  one  country  would  be  an  indecent  tami- 
liaritv,  being  a  iiu  re  afl  ot  general  coiirttfy  inanotlier; 
and  tliat,  therefirr,  lie  had  (,niy  to  fiy,  he  was  confi- 
dent of  the  tfth  of  the  fiT  thus  related. 

The  cm.rches  are  \eiy  tine;  antl  there  is  more  reli- 
gious panuie  in  this  place  than  in  any  of  the  Popiih 
countries  of  l'.uio|  e.  There  is  a  proc;  iHon  in  loine 
pariili  or  other  every  day,  with  vaiious  infifjnia,  all 
I'l'lendid  and  coftly  in  the  hi^hefl  degr^'e.  They  beg 
money,  and  lay  in.iycrs  in  gre.it  form,  at  ti.e  cor:ier  of 
every  Kreer. 

VNiiile  the  Knglilli  lay  liere  one  oi'  the  ch.urch'-s  was 
rebr.iKling,  .snd,  to  tlefray  the  exj-ence,  tliC  [lariili  to 
which  It  tielon^cd  h.id  le.ive  to  beg  iu  i-rocellion  throiij.'h 
the  wlic'le  cr.y  once  a  week,  liy  wiiicii  very  lonhdcra- 
ble  fums  were  collected.  At  tliis  ceremony,  which  was 
[K-rf()rined  by  night,  all  tlie  boys  of  a  certain  age  were 
obliged  to  alFilt,  the  (bus  of  gentlemen  not  being  ex- 
cufed.  F.acli  of  thele  boys  w.is  drelR-d  in  a  black  cal- 
fock,  with  a  Ihort  led  clo.ik  h.inging  ab.)Ut  as  I  iw  as 
the  waill,  ami  carried  in  his  hand  a  pole  about  (ix  fevt 
long,  at  tiie  end  ot  whicli  w.is  tied  a  lantern.  The 
number  of  lanterns  was  generally  above  200,  and  the 
light  they  gave  was  lb  great,  that  the  people,  who  law 
it  from  the  cabin  window,  tliought  the  town  had  been 
on  fire. 

Tilt;  inhabitants,  however,  may  pay  tlieir  devotions 
at  the  liirine  ot  any  f.iint  in  the  caleiul.'.r  without  waiting 
til:  there  is  a  pro^ellion ;  for  bcft)re  alinoil  every  hoiile 
there  is  a  iitde  cu|il)'):ird,  furniliied  with  .■>  glifs  win- 
clow,  in  which  or.e  of  the  titulary  [lowers  is  waiting  to 
be  propitious;  and  to  prevent  his  being  out  of  mind,  by 
b.ing  fjut  of  fi^ht,  a  lamp  is  kept  conllaiitly  burn- 
ing btfi;re  tiic  wiiul.w  ot  his  t.ibcrnacie  in  the  night. 
The  pii)i>le,  inileed,  an*  by  no  means  icmil's  in  their 
devotions,  \ov,  before  thclc  fiiints  they  [)ray  and  ling 
iiymiis  witli  I'urii  veliemence,  that,  in  tiie  night,  they 
were  dii'uhftly  \w::u\  on  board  the  thip,  thougli  Ihc  lay 
at  the  ditlance  of  at  leall  h.ilf  a  mile  hom  the  town. 

'1  he  chiirches  here  alFord  an  afyluni  to  criminals  in 
cafe:.  (j(  iinriler.  It  is  related,  tliat  as  Ctiptiiiii  Cork\ 
cocklwaiii  was  one  d  ly  looking  at  two  nien  who  a[)- 
pe.iied  It  be  talking  toj,etLer  in  a  friendly  ma.'iner,  one 
of  them  fuddenlv  drew  a  knife,  and  llabbrd  the  i/ihir, 
who  not  inlhintly  fiiilng,  tlie  muukrer  d.rcw  out  the 
weapon,  and  (tabbed  hiui  a  lt.-cond  time.  He  tlien  i.in 
away,  and  was  p-iulued  by  f.-me  Negroes,  who  weic 
alio  witneffes  of  the  IriCt;  but  wht  thcr  he  cicajx' i,  or 
v.. IS  taken,  O^piti  .i  (':  ..  nevci  he.iid. 


Rio  de  Janeiro  is  a  very  good  place  for  fliip.?  to  put 
in  for  icfreiiiment.  The  harbour  is  fafc  and  commo- 
iImiis,  and  jiroviiions,  except  whcaten  l<read  and  (liur, 
may  e.dily  be  procure  1.  As  a  (uccedaneum  f 'r  bre.;d, 
there  are  yams  and  caflava  in  plenty.  Beef,  both  frelli 
anil  icrked,  may  be  l)ought  at  about  two[)eni.e-farihiiig 
a  [)  lund,  though,  as  beiure  obferved,  it  is  vciy  lean. 
The  method  of  jerking  beef  here  is  by  taking  out  the 
bones,  cutting  it  into  large  tiiin  dices,  then  caring  it 
with  (alt,  and  tirying  it  in  the  fliade.  It  eats  well,  and, 
if  kept  dry,  will  remain  a  long  tirne  at  fca.  Mutton 
is  I'carcejy  to  be  procured,  and  hogs  and  poultry  arts 
iliar.  1  iiere  is  aliunilancc  of  garden-flul^  ami  fruit, 
ot  which,  however,  none  can  be  preferved  at  lea  but 
the  pumpkin.  Rum,  fugar,  and  mola!li.-s,  all  excel- 
lent in  their  kind,  may  be  li.id  at  a  real'onable  price. 
Tofiacco  is  cheap,  but  not  good. 

Ships  water  .it  the  f()untain  in  the  great  fqiiare,  iho', 
as  before  remarked,  die  water  is  not  good.  The  cafks 
are  lantleii  upon  a  ("mooth  famiy  beach,  about  an  hun- 
dred yartis  ilillant  from  the  fountain  ;  .Tiid,  upon  appli- 
cation to  the  vicertiy,  a  centinel  may  be  appointed  to 
look  alter  them,  and  clear  the  way  to  the  fountain  whcra 
they  arc  to  be  tilled. 

Here  is  a  good  yard  for  lliip-buildin!?,  and  a  fmall 
hulk  to  heave  down  by  :  f  jr  as  the  tiile  never  riles 
above  fix  or  fcven  feet,  there  is  no  odicr  way  of  coming 
at  a  ihip's  bottom. 

Fernambuco,  the  chief  town  of  the  province  to 
which  it  gives  name,  is  a  very  confiden-ble  place.  It 
is  alio  called  Rerief,  or  Arraife,  from  a  neighbouring 
harbour  ot  that  name,  which  is  now  tiie  (Irongefl  in 
all  Br.ifil,  a  number  of  forts  being  erected  all  rouHvl, 
and  tlie  accefs  naturally  lb  intiicate  and  dani»erous,  by 
that  the  alTilhince  of  a  Ikiltbl  pilot  is  abl'olutcly  necefFary 
to  avoid  them. 

There  are  many  more  towns  in  Hrafil,  and  fon.c  of 
them  conliderable ;  as  Olinila,  in  the  province  of  Fer- 
nambuco; Paraiba,  St.  \'incent,  1  amora,  or  Tamari- 
ca,  anJ  Sierra,  in  the  provinces  lb  named ;  Belcm,  or 
I'ara,  in  the  province  of  Faria;  an  I  Maragnano,  in  an 
idaml  and  capainry  of  that  name,  towartis  the  nortiiCrn 
( x:r;iiiity  of  Brafil. 

.Vboiit  ;o  miles  north  of  the  province  of  .St.  Vin- 
cent, whicli  is  the  moll  liiutlnrly  of  Brafil,  lies  the 
little  re[iubiic  of  St.  Paul,  (urrounded  by  loity  moun- 
tains and  thick  forelts.  This  (hue  was  originally  com- 
pol'ed  of  outlaws  from  all  the  neighliouring  C'.J.inirs, 
Spaniards,  Portugucfe  Creoles,  Mettizoes,  Mu'attoes, 
and  Negroes,  who  took  refuge  on  this  (pot,  anvl  livecl 
at  til  11  with  )ut  order,  (ociety,  faith,  honour,  or  n-- 
ligion ;  preying  u[)on  each  other,  and  lublifling  by 
mutual  rapine,  and  the  plumlcr  of  their  neig!;boi;rs ; 
but  the  inconvenitnccs  attending  t'lis  way  of  life,  ami 
the  ilanger  to  which  it  expoled  thein,  (bon  drove  them 
into  confederacies,  and  thefe,  at  lall,  protliiced  a  re- 
gular democracy.  If  they  w:;re  more  niimerous,  rhev 
Wuuld  be  formidable  to  the  Portugucfe  colonics;  but 
as  they  are  not  reputed  above  4  or  focc,  and  want  liie- 


arms,  they  give  no  apprelu- 


and  confequently  no 


attempts  are  made  to  reduce  them.  At  [irefent,  this 
little  community  claims  entire  i:idependeiKc ;  though 
they  pay  an  annual  tribute  to  tl.e  king  out  cf  their  gokl 
mines,  r.ither  to  [irelerve  commercial  benefits  than  to 
acknowledge  his  Ibvereignrv.  it  was  the  tyraniiv  of 
the  Brafilian  government  that  gave  birth  to  this  ii.tic 
li.ite,  which  is  at  length  grown  fo  |:-alous  of  its  libirtv, 
that  no  (Iranger  is  fuilercd  to  (It  foot  within  itsdo.ui- 
nio  Is,  outlaws  and  run-away  (laves  excepted.  Ihc 
convirts  from  Brafil  are  tranljiorted  to  the  ifland  of  St. 
C.itherine's,  which  is  (ituat.  d  in  27  dcg.  Jt  niin.  (i)uth 
lat.  and  though  appropriated  to  this  purpcli,  h  vn~: 
i4'  the  mofl  delightful  (pots  imaginable,  buiig  about 
zy  miles  long,  and  Ii\  broad. 

Of  the  natives  in  Brafil,  the  mull  confiderai  le  tribes 
are,  the  Tapoyers  and  Topinamboys;  of  wiiom  tl;e 
tbrmer  i.ihabit  the  noithern,  and  'lie  oth'.r  the  fojiherri 

pans. 


■  ■  In 
'     1 1  ii 


U\ 


i'  ^ 


5--.        A  NKW,  ROVAI.,  ASP  AUTUFNTIC  SYSTFM  of  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAPHY. 


:i.t 


jj.irtR.  'ri.c-  t(jniicr  ;irc  iiK'n  oi  .1  ^'ou!  (laciirf,  of  a 
tl.uk  copi'ir  loloiir,  their  li.iir  bl.itk,  and  Ivinj^ini^  ovf r 
thfir  'lnjuldfib;  bu:  llu-y  lutlcr  no  hair  on  their  hiulies 
iir  liut-s  iinii  go  .ihiiolt  mikril.  'I'hrir  orn.imfnts  an-, 
{i'littciint;  tioDC,  h'ing  iijion  thrir  lips  or  nollrils,  and 
brauli'ts  (it  llathiTb  ii[)on  ihtir  arms:  the  men  have 
aho  a  CA\'  or  coriintt  ot  ft  ithi-rs. 

The  Loinplexion  of  the  'r(>|iinamhov'  nre  not  lb 
daik  as  tiieir  noidurn  n:v>'il>onr.s,  who  hvc  nearrr  tlie 
line  i  anil  iicir|-,ir  tl.i.  or.e  or  the  other  as  thole  of  the 
African.'-,  who  lie  iiiuler  1' c  I'.iirc  parallels.  The  na- 
tive IJr.ililiiiv  ;ire  partly  tieemen,  and  partly  (lave', ; 
but  tlie  ni/ro  Haves  are  inuth  more  valuable,  being  of 
a  in<irc  riibiill:  contlitiirion,  and  Utter  tor  labour. 

Tlie  Br.ilili.ins  have  been  reprelrnted  .>s  very  lavage, 
devoid  ot  all  principles  in  religion,  cruel  in  war,  and 
cannibals,  or  devourer.s  of  tlclh  ;  hut  tlvfe  llnries  arc 
{generally  looked  iijon  as  lidions  of  the  I'ortOL'nele,  to 
jultity  their  tiiiel  and  inhiimin  treatment  of  tliem. 
They  bri'.eve  in  certain  in\;lible  beings,  the  difpenfers 
of  good  and  evil,  ilie  .'■ewarders  and  pvinifliers  of  virtue 
ana  vici-,  and  their  notion  with  refpecl  to  a  future  (late 
i'.,  that  after  death  they  il\dl  villt  their  .uicel>ors,  dwell- 
iiig  beyond  the  Andes;  but  they  have  no  temples. 
I'hcir  1  liclls  m.ike  them  believe,  that  if  they  bring 
them  offrriiigs,  thole  invilible  beings,  who  give  them 
f)od  .;^d  all  tiie  good  things  thcv  enioy,  v.iil  profper 
their  affairs,  but  it  ti.ey  ne^ileft  this,  fome  terrible  mil- 
fortune  will  betall  tiicm.  They  have  c:iciques  who 
lule  them  in  peace,  and  lead  them  in  war.  Their 
towns  are  without  walls;  their  mode  ot  carrying  on  war 
is  bv  ambukades,  and  tlieir  weapons  are  bowt,  arrows, 
f.'iekU,  and  wooden  clubs. 

HISTORY     OF     B  R  A  S  I  I.. 

THIS  country  was  tirft  feen  bv  Americus  Vtfpu- 
cius  m  14S9,  but  not  planted  till  if+i),  wiien 
tlve  Portrguefe  f.xed  themftlvcs  at  the  Bav  of  yVII  Saint?, 
and  founded  the  city  of  St.  Salvador.     The  Portuguefe 


met  with  very  great  interruption  in  tluir  fettlement 
(rom  the  court  of  Spain,  who  conlidi  red  the  country  as 
part  of  their  doininioss,  till  at  length  it  was  agreed 
that  rhev  llitnikl  pollifs  all  thole  p.irts  lyins;  between 
the  livers  .Amazon  anil  Plata,   which  they  Itiil  enjov. 

The  I'rench  made  m\  attempt  to  plant  colonies  on 
this  coall,  but  were  ilriven  from  th.ence  by  the  Portu- 
guefe,  who  remained  without  a  rival  till  tlie  year  1  580, 
when  their  king,  the  great  Hon  Sebalti.m,  lotl  his  lito 
in  an  expedition  a"iinlt  the  .Moor',  in  .'Vfrica,  by  which 
event  a  period  w.is  {uit  to  the  lihi-rrv  of  tlie  Portiii^uefe, 
tlieir  kingdom  being  ablbrbetl  into  the  Spanilli  domi- 
nions. 

After  this  the  Dutch  made  bolt!  and  vigorous  at- 
tem])rs  to  exten.i  their  power,  attacked  the  polll  Hions 
of  the  Portugucfe  in  the  ball  Indies,  and  at  length 
turned  their  arms  upon  Brafil,  took  leveralofits  pro- 
vinces, and  would  have  lubdued  the  whole  c(Aintry, 
hail  they  not  been  ftoppe  i  in  their  vidorious  career  by 
the  Archbilhop  Don  Michael  ilc  Tcxira,  at  the  he.id  of 
a  tew  fcattered  forces.  The  Dutch  owed  their  con- 
quells  in  Bralil  to  the  famous  Piincc  Maurice  of  Naf- 
l"iu,  whom  they  appointed  governor  of  bernambuco : 
but  their  Well  India  Company,  to  whom  this  colony 
was  hibject,  ilila[)proving  the  meafures  of  Prince  Mau- 
rice, treated  him  with  indignity,  and  thereby  obliged 
him  to  rclign  his  government. 

A  ciiange  ot  fortune  upon  this  took  place ;  nnd,  iti 
165.^,  the  Dutch  were  totally  expelled  Hralil  by  the 
I'orttiguele.  lint  as  they  (liil  continued  their  preten- 
li)ns  to  the  colony,  the  Portugucle  agreed,  in  1661, 
i'>  pay  them  an  enormous  fum  to  relinquilh  their  in- 
terell,  which  bein^-;  acceptetl,  the  Portugut  fe  remained 
in  [leaceable  pollellion  of  the  country  till  the  dole  of 
the  year  176:,  when  tlie  Spanilh  governor  of  Bue.nos 
Ayres  hearing  that  war  was  declarctt  between  Spain 
and  Portugal,  befieged  and  took  tlie  fortrefs  of  St.  Sa- 
crament, which,  by  the  treaty  of  peace,  was  foon  after- 
wards rcilorcd  to  the  Portuf'uefc. 


c   II    A    r. 


XV. 


FRENCH   AND 


DUTCH    DOMINIONS   in    SOUTH 
A  M  E  R  1  C  A. 


31 


r'^t%! 


1  'ii 


'1: 


■    ',! 

.1 

1' 

w  '• 


.i^ 


.>  r  c  T  1  o  N    I. 

V  R  F.  N  C  II      GUIANA. 

1"^IIA  r  part  of  Guiana  that  bekings  to  the  French 
.  c:;tends  about  240  miles  along  the  coall,  from 
Cape  Orange,  in  the  latitude  of  4  deg.  ty  niin.  north, 
to  the  river  Marani,  in  latitude  6  deg.  4!!  min.  north. 
I'he  feti.len.cnts  are  not  extended,  above  twenty  miles 
from  the  Ica-coall,  the  inland  country  being  llil!  inha- 
bited by  the  native  Indians,  of  whom  a  [larticular  ac- 
count will  be  given  in  our  dclliiption  of  Dutch  Guiana, 
or  !Hirinam,  which  is  leparated  from  French  Guiana  by 
tlie  river  Marani.  Th.c  land  along  the  coall  is  low  and 
tn-.rlliy,  and  the  climate  of  coiirle  unhealthy.  B  it  on 
t'le  higher  parti,  wheie  the  tr«es  aie  cut  do\vn,  and  the 
grourid  laid  out  in  i-lantations,  the  air  i>  healthy,  and 
the  lic.its  are  greatly  mitigated  by  the  lea  brec^a";. 

I'l.e  chief  fettlenienti  of  the  b'rench  in  Guiana  .ire 
fif.iated  in  the  llle  of  Cayenne,  which  lies  ico  miles 
'Veil  of  Cape  Orange,  at  t!ie  mouth  of  a  1  .er  of  the 
lame  name.  It  is  abo'.it  .'^5  miles  in  circumlereiic  e, 
well  wooded  and  watered,  admirably  cultivated,  and 
<■  itiemely  fertile  in  fug.ir,  tobacco,  Indian  corn,  plants, 
f  nits,  and  other  necilfaries  of  life.  But  the  I'leiich 
firt,  wliic.h  Hands  at  the  bottom  of  the  harliour,  ha,  no 
other  frelh  water  thanwiiat  is  laved  (roiu  rain  in  large 


clllerns.  On  the  caRermofl  part  of  the  ifland  are  the 
t(jwn  and  fort  ot  St.  Doui?.  i'he  town  cont.uns  .ibout 
2~3  houles,  occupietl  by  mcchanicb  and  tratlelmen, 
and  tlie  fort  h.as  a  g(jod  uarrilon. 

The  brench  firll  eliablillied  theniklves  here  in  163,^. 
'I'he  place  was  afterwards  poflelled  alternately  by  the 
F'nglilb,  then  by  tlie  b'rench  again,  to  whom  f  icceeded 
the  l^utcli,  but  the-  b'rench  fin.illy  prevailed,  and  lliil 
keep  It. 

.S  1.  C  T   I  O  N      II. 

D  U    J-  C  II      GUI  A  N  A. 

'"r'll.\"r  part  of  Ciuiana  belonging  to  tl;e  Dutch  is 
■■■  Oirtiiiguillicj  by  the  afip.ellation  ot  oiirlnam. 
't  his  country  was  formerly  the  property  of  the  Fng- 
.11.  The  Dutch  took  it  in  the  leigii  of  Charles  li. 
and  it  was  ceded  to  them  by  treaty  in  if^74,  in  ex- 
change fi,r  wh.it  tliev  had  pc!len':d  in  the  j  rovincc  11  /v 
called  New  York. 

The  only  divifions  of  tlie  ieafia  known  here  is  into 
wet  an  I  dry;  of  whiJi  there  are  annually  two,  of 
about  thiei;  months  duration  each.  'I'lie  exteffive  r.iin^ 
render  the  loil  too  licli,  lb  that  tlie  canes  being  too 
liix'jriant  to  m.ike  r/jod  liigar  arc,  during  the  liat  .aid 
leco.id   crops,    con\ertcd  iiit'j  rum.      In  the   tle/.ited 

parts 


whole  with   tn 


AMFRICA.] 


r>  n  u  T  [I 


j);irts  lliiliiinis  ;iinl  pjiTcn  r,r,.!  ti|  i  (r\,v.  .;rc  t.)  he  fiun.l 
on  t;u'  ;.:ir.i-  tiff  throi;!'!)  >iic  tlif  yi.ir. 

Tiif  tiini.ite  (if  liiis  lo'.iiicry  is  by  no  nic'.iis  liif.iuri;- 
al'lf  w  iinnc.ilthy;  fi>i-   il.f   traik  wiml;.  liy  tlay,   tin 
l..n.!   l'i'-i/.r,s  in  tlif  cvfiilii;.',  niiii  tiif  iiiv:iri,ihli;  Icn-'tli 
oi'tif  lii.-lu^,  wicli  rclrcllunj^  i!n\.-,  ifiiJi.:-  tlif  ;'.ir  tfiii 
J:.  r.irr  .111.1  r.l'iiuioiis. 

llvl'i.ic.^  tifcs  aiul  plaiu.s  bc!:);"L'.ii-..»  to  otiuT  CMiir.rri'"-, 
tlif  .^ini.ir.ibi  trrc,  peculiar  to  li.ii.in.i,  ]■.  iiKtmihI  :i 
Ij'fciii':  in  dylfnrfiii's.  'liic  urunif  i,  ;v  [  iToicion. 
1  ut,  tlif  [ouaiT  of  N^l.ich  the  li.i'i.ii;^  ii;(:m|  i;i;,i. 
tl'.'.'ir  n.ilh  till  il.fV  li.i.f  ni  ojiportnii:",'  ol  [uttui!',  i: 
into  the  liPdU  or  i  iml,  ot  [!i  .t-  ilifv  wiih  to  poi!;-!!. 

i  licic  i>  .111  f:;t/.;ii;ii;iiary  ;s:'.ini.il  hiTc  pfciili.ir  to  t!:c 
f  iiiiiti;',  i.ilii'J  l.i  ibii.i,  an  .mirliibi  .'..'I  cna'.Uif,  about 
the  r./f  ot  a  linall  I'i'.  'I'i:;'  lifaii  an;!  (i'ct  arc  lil^i 
tliofc  oi  a  y-v".  ill  ;  ,  ir.:'.  i;  is  vviri.Mit  a  t.iil.  i  iir 
inonkifs  of  iiiij  (  M-iMV  .'.rir  inniini'.'i;;'.'lf,  ainl  thfir 
JiX'tic  various,  liiir  .mc  luts  twice  as  !..r:f  as  I'lii'-, 
and  w Hi.' Lit  tail..  Moil  pcoj'lc  in  (ii;i..n,i  II,  fp  in 
haniniofks,  as  btin.!;  ninrf  Imiic  lioiii  krpfnts  an.i 
foilonons  inlccls ;  btir  this  ilocs  not  Itr'.iic  tlu- m  from 
ilif  bats  which  ap|iiu,ifh  any  ]\irt  ot  the  body  that  is 
iincovtriil,  Lifivialiy  ihf  left,  opin  a  \iin,  and  IikL 
tlic  bid'  d  till  thfv  aif  l.iti;r*f,!.  '1  hi  re  i.  alio  ptxiili.ir 
to  (jiiiiana  a  l.ir;.;i- vtnfinoiis  t"ul,  c.iil'-d  the  pipa.  itj 
young  are  bied  in  the  bai:k  oi  thr  iiiaK ,  wiifie  the  te- 
niale  dfi)olits  tlu-  i.',;.;s. 

There  is  lo  [[w.r.  a  variety  of  b.M'iii.i;!  hiids  in 
Giiiani,  tiiat  levi  I..I  [(.rLuis  in  the  i)iiii,ii  colciiiy  em- 
ploy themlflves  and  their  Hives  in  killiij,  and  pulirrv- 
in^i  oiriis  lor  t!ic  e.uiinets  ol  I'Airope. 

Mi'll  of  the  lilli'js  ul  liuiana  alli>  are  coiT!iT.f>n  to  it 
with  ih'.r  t(niiurii.s.  Tlic  tori^oriric  eel,  v.  Ju-ntiDiiiL-d 
either  by  the  h.iiul,  or  by  a  r.  d  of  iron,  <:■  M,  (uvi-r, 
ts.j-]  .r,  (  r  bv  a  illck  cC  lome  partici.I.'.r  I:::-. I.  ..(  h-Mvy 
jXiiH'iir.m  '-voo.!,  conuni.i'.lcatib  ailioek  rellr.ii)ii;i;^  th.  t 
ot  elf-  tikitv. 

(i'.iuna  aboni.ds  In  lerpents  of  varic'iis  kinds,  There 
i.  I  r.f-  irr,  not  \i  iioii;!,m:s,  ili.'t  ine.ii':;cs  lonu-ti'iKs 
;;i'.ve  thii'ty  trci.  in  1.  ■  i-ii,  ■:.',:.'.  '! 
It  i!;i.-.  a  taj-er  tail  arn.e  1  \wii  tw.) 
a  diin'.'hiil  eofl;.  ^i.n.ill  li.-i-;  li.i.i 
ilomaer.s.  '1  here  aie  .illo  i  r.r.c  o 
ba  !:  1. 

'I'he  infe-'ts  (.I'dni.aia  :;ie  ir.nin'ciaiile,  rw':.)^-,  to  t.'ie 
coiiltant  warnuh  and  liinm  !iiv  <■(  th.e  i  lir.i..:  ■. 

The  inli.ibitanis  "f  (niiani  a:ct  eitl;er  n.'tives,  \\h:> 
arc  ol  a  rediiilli  l.Town,  or  luyroes  and  I'.nropeans,  <ir 
a  mixed  pr.«!;,iny  oi  t'neli'  in  various  (■(Mi;oination>-. 
I'lie  natives  nre  divi-led  in'o  cii'.erent  tribes,  more  or 
Jcis  nili['litem.',  and  j.-olil'-u!  .i-.  diev  are  '.iK'ie  cr  If  Is 
rcinotf  fioiti  th<;  le'tlementj  of  tie-  l''uro;;;.ins.  Tia  y 
allow  p()ly;:,ai:iv,  ;in,l  have  no  di\ilion  of  lands.  'J"iu- 
ineti  jv>  to  aar,  han't  and  tilh :  tiie  \v(!min  lot;!;  alter 
domellic  allai:,..  Their  arms  are  bows,  arrows,  duhs 
and  poifonetl  darts  lilown  throl)^;ll  a  ree  1,  Tiii'v  ro 
alnioll  naketi,  exieptin!^  uyit.n  partifuLir  oi.e.'lioi,> ; 
when  they  ornament  ilien-  heads  with  le,ul:M<.  'lliv 
aieiheaihil,  hiim.me  and  tiijiaily  ;  but  lin.iJ,  ai.d  .id 
dieted  to  ilunkinL'. 

Their  lioules  are  i;i;adraninilir,  ronliliin;;  (f  fl'ur 
flakes  with  ciols  poles,  uiu!  are  ((Afretl  v.idi  l-.avf-. 
'1  hey  lit  tliem  up,  pull  thcin  ilov.n,  and  earry  tlif 
\vliole  with  tnem  at  plealiire  ;  a.-,  their  dweiiinrs  aie 
iiyht,  and  their  lives  ambulatory,  'llay  biiiy  thiir 
tlf.ul  n.ikcd,  and  I'lt  druiik  at  liie  fnnei.il  to  buiy  lluir 
forrows,  \\  hen  tue  body  h.is  been  interud  .i  liiliieient 
time  for  the  llelli  to  lie  rotten  they  take  up  rlie  bones, 
dilliibute  them  anif.iiit  the  iel,iiioi:<  aiul  fi lends  of  the 
detunct,  and  a.^iin  j^et  dn:nk  to  ti  lliiv  their  relptiit  (or 
t!ie  ineinoiy  of  the  deeealid 
lii(  plied,  and  their  vice,  are 
foiir  niarriajie  h  not  c,)nf:d:-:;- 


ill. 


I  '.:;r.,ert';ee. 
,.!•  i.i  >''•  1  • 
:;.l  i'l  ilkir 
■..d  amt-hi. 


'I'iieir  v.Mi.t^  are  ealily 
Inir  h  V,'.  C'l  ntinen^f  be- 
.1  as  ,1  virtia- ;  a  man  cares 


not  wiifther  die  woimn  he  iivir.'-k's  is  a  \  irgin  or  not ; 
but  no  iiiinrv  is  !o  fureiy  rtv>.r.jcd  an  the   iiilidelity  (if  a 

wit;-. 

-N'oi' ''It,-;  is  cultivat!.d   iicrc  by  the  natives  but  pl.in- 
No.  5t 


i  fjii.etimes  tlicv 
,  viii-  :e  thf-v  not: 
V,  flow  a  knd  of 
;,    l)eitd-,  er 


.  I 


!'  ' 


—1, 


.\  M  i".  R  I  C  A.  fu 

tiins,  rnir.va  and  yamit ;  .in,!  nr.p  m^n  h's  rnltiva-ioii 
;.i  Inliii  lent  fir  all  thflf.  The  mi  n  are  all  linnter.s,  an.l 
they  can  alwav.s  f,n  1  gatr.e  or  tilh,  if  they  prefer  it, 
with.o'it  dan^^er  or  i<il.  i'liev  drel\  i-  by  b  ;iling,  ei- 
'hei  in  water  or  in  the  j-iif  of  eaiiiva,  and  leaf 'H  ic 
very  la 'h  wit!i  kvaii,  or  led  pepper.  1  he  oi.ly  let  lirrc 
ol  e.itiM.^  is  the  (.vcnini^  wiien  they  retniii  from  hiint- 
iii", :  in  'general,  they  cat  when  they  art  i.M';.;ry.  They 
fane  !;now  l/.k,  bit  loiia'tinifs  prileive  anui.al  f.od 
by  iiiio'.k  t'.iying  it.  Tli'.ir  diink  ii  watfr,  <ir  a  fer- 
nientcd  ii.tiair,  prepared  from  tin-  ijlint.iin,  callcl  pie- 
vorcf  :  Wiieii  they  have  pitnty  of  in.,  tli'v  are  tontinu- 
all;,' ilnink  ;  li)  that  their  indolem  e  and  impruvi '.eiv  e, 
bv  pievet-ir:';  a  conllant  fnpplv,  becoir.e  p/iib'.:e  and 
private  bleliin;;^,. 

.'Ic  rti]'j)lyiii;'  the  w.inrs  of  n.tture  in  f  >  fertile  and  <!e- 
i  yi.tful  a  c  iiintry  takes  up  but  a  Imall  pojtion  of  their 
tiiiif,  they  fill  up  the  interval-,  l-y  various  ainuftments : 
tliey  barhe  an  1  iv.im  in  the  ri---er:„  ia  !ar[;e  tompa.-.ie-, 
f-veral  times  a  d.iy,  witho'.it  piyint^  any  rc-;.Mi-d  to  di- 
I  Itinction  (,f  fe.-c  i  a:.d  :'ieyfv\i:;i  fi  v.eli,  that  thev  ntav 
be  almoll-  reckoni'd  anion;;  amj  hibioiis  animal-.  At 
other  times  they  vifir  each  other,  and  aa- mutu.iiiy  en- 
tertained with  tlie  limple  ofiirr-rKe-.  of  t!: -ir  live>,  and 
a  great  variety  of  fables,  whii  n  .irc  merry,  lignillcanC 
and  moral.  Sometimes  they  da'ice,  ar.;!  freqc.ntlv 
inirll  into  immoderate  laor;h:er  j  an 
rcline  indolently  in  t'leir  h  mini  el;  > 
only  neej),  bni  e.u,  (  .m-ctle,  i  :..;  :  a 
rnlUc  llnte,  pluck  oar  tin-  Irdr  ■■,  th-. 
mire  tliemlllves  i:-;  In-,!:-.!;-  ■difi;  ■;. 

Tlie   women  iS.''-'.-  'v-th'T--   ii   (h'.f I-I'irrli,  w-ie.cii  li 

attended  nckker  v-  -'i  vl.rv-er  or  :-a.:i.      The  mi,t!ii  rattd 

1   c!iil  I,  in-imediatcly  .:f--r  ilelivcry,  aie  plnni.'ed  int.)  tl.u 

i    water,  and  tiie  iv  :r  d  iv  Ike  iftr.rns  to  hir  dtiiielHc  tni- 

pioynient,  a.,  if  i,  >;kiir.;  had  h.-ppciv  d.     'In.;  cai!  iie-i 

are  fe.l,  and  .liiri;:;';  lli.ir  infancy  n-)  ot'-.t-r  ci-e  is   taiteti 

of  tliL-m  ;  none  are  fk/kiv  or  delorn; -.1 :  t!ie  ] '^yi,  a-; 

tlu-v  grow  up,  att.iid  tli.-ir  frh'.  t-^    in  liintni^j,  and  the 

girls  aTdt   tiieir   iiiotker-..      bi    oil    aj;e    they   bfc;)inf 

w-rinkled  ;  but  never  i  tiier  bald  or  t'rey.     As  tliey  have 

!  of  c.jiv.,  titi.'i^  time  to  any  ntaiibcr  <;f  years, 

cann-H  b"  alcert.iin^  -1 ;  but  flu  "-e  is  f.ilkciea: 

th.U  their  lives  a"-  i-ir,;,'. 

!        1.1  all  their  trilik-  with  li-.-h   itii-.-r,  or  wit!i  tliek'.urn- 

;   pcaii.,  ilay  euimatf  e\-u-y  tliii'L';  bv  tlieir  prtli-nt   wan' 

"f  it ;  they  will  ar  one  time  d.eiiimd  a  hatcntr,  for  what 

!   .It  anotlii  r  time  they  will  t  xchan.ie  for  a  tilh-hty.k. 

j        Thele  haj-ipy  p/cple  li-.-e  to_<;eth.er  upon  ter;-:-is  of  pcr- 

]    (e."t  ecj'ialiiy,   k.ivinif  no  da'liii.  tion  b-ii:  i>f  ai'c,  or  j-er- 

lon.il    llKiit;   laillr-r   have    tlev   .i:iy   divili  >n    of    ]  ro- 

perty  :   ea'  h  anik-ablv  partici,  .itfi.  the  aiiij-le  blernp-^sof 

a   deliiTlitltil    a;id   etttei'lve    c.uaitrv:  iitvy,   fra-i.l,  and 

violfiue  are  pa'eclu  !ed,  r.atiir.il  vle!ius  are  i.nniediatelv 

aiul    innocently    iii-ki' ,--d,    and    !>:')veii;n;fnt    ri'ndere.i 

wholly  uniifcellary. 

Thf  .Statfs  of  1  [(Mlan.l,  n  wi 
man  orij^inally  belonr.ed,  ma.'  - 
■    \\  (lidiKlia  compiinv  ;   htir  "hat 
loii.lition    to   fen, I    liiitiicr  tl.  ■   :: 
over  a  third  p;;rt  of  t!;-.-ir  f,  ,, 
Aiiillerdam,  ,.:  d  an -ther  thin! 
.•\arlen;.,  lordi    of  .Samitiiif  ivk 
the  jtv.nt  jiropevtv  iif  tlie  Weil!  ..iii  e  eo;  ,.;v, 
of  Amllerdam,  ar/.l  the  lord  of  S;  tt-iti  -il'ivi  , 
liivcreipntv  is  inveft'. ti  in  tite  ll ir.-  .  ..i-.-vnl. 
inf!;ly  five  uire-.ttirs  (  f  t!.i-.  crdoev  aie  c'.olin  bv 
ot   .\mlfei-tlam,  four  bv  tlie   \\tlll.i::a   corn- 
one  bv  the  fird  of  .'■'  '•niiK-1'.ivk,   b-it  li;-.-  ■■I'.w: 
be  approved  by  the  ikites  ;teneral  a-,  v.eii 
K-.tors.     ':  e.e  wlioie  c<doiiv  is  a:  pr  f.ir 
ri;hiii;.f  con,iit-'5n,  ati'.l  cairies  on  a  n.rt.at  t 
eonimotlit'  s. 

.Surinam,  tlie  c  pitik  Lii^'e.s  n.vie  to  t'.e  a  !;acfr;: 
(lilkiitf,  whi'li  is  at  leal!-  I'o  r.iih  i  i.t  ciiv.t-:.i(erencc. 
It  Hands  on  a  river  of  the  fame  n.inie,  whicli  i-j  r.avipa 


Il'l  met:-/ 
th.fir  at;-" 


; '  'HV  r^f ; 


:\ly: 

tills 


'  iVi-fii 
iiT'  i'l  a 
■,  m.ivle 
r."es  (.-;' 
I"  'v"an 
l.mv  ii 
tiie  cirv 
b't  th- 
A.a.:-.!- 
tiat  c:-v 


bv  t!i.-  ,ii. 
:'.  V  e-v  llou- 
a  :.".  \-.aioi:j 


ble  fo,-  near  lOo  l;1!Ie^  up  the  (oLinnv,  a'l.l  lomrnandcd 
by  Icvcral  forts,  p,;it;cu!.;rly  that  vi  Z'.-Iai  dria,  litu-ued 
7   *-'  abouc 


» ;   '^.1 


fi      'I,-: 


1  w 


yM 


Lhz         A  Nl  \V,  ROYAL,  Ava  AUTIirNTIC  SYSTEM  or  I'NIVl  R5AL  GL.OGRAPIIV. 


a.)')Ht  fis  tniUs  t'rnm  ilic  citrance;  iif.ir  wli'uh  fortrtl. 
u  tlif  lin.ill  toun  of' I'.ir.iinair.imbo. 

Al) 'lit   ;J  k-.lijut's  Uon\  Siiriii.irii  is  tlii'coliiiiy  of  l?ir 
bill'.  It  callril  t  (itn  a  river  (if  tlie  l.iir.c  ii.iiin-,     lort 
N  :'lui  is  the  li.u  ot  jiovi-rniiu'in. 

riim-  .in*  li-vcr.il  icitk-iiun;.-.  a;u!  plintaticns  on  tlir 
livi-r  Cwi\ya,  winch  form  a  j'art  o(  the  colony  ot' 
iji  rbiif . 


We  mifilit  la-re  mention,  as  lonncined  withSiitinani, 
the  Diitili  colonies  of  Oeinerary  an  i  lll'-(|ijibo,  on  the 
Spanilli  main,  which  ;  iruixlercil  to  ti  Britilli  arms  ia 
ITS  I,  ami  wen-  ri|iitl.n:ni  as  a  very  valtuhle  ai.i]uifi- 
li  mi  hut  therejiori  iienisnot  to  have  hiil  tiinrh  w.i.'.Iir, 
l-r  tlie  col  lilies  were  lef:  in  a  ileleniiUlii  llate,  a:\lloon 
alter  retaken  bv  a  I ieiKh  friiiate. 


c    II    A    r. 


x\i. 


AMr.RICA.I 


DoMiMON.s  IN  South  America  in  Possession  of  tiii:  Xatu'Es. 


'^^'^ 


I'WfM 


'lliii 


3  E  C   1    I  t)  \     I. 
A     M     A     /.     O     N     I     A. 

TI 11.^  exreiifive  country  derived  its  name  from  the 
Spaniur.lsuiuler  the  commaml  of  Oreliana,  |-eiiig 
t)'H)ortil  bv  troops  of  wonnn  wiien  they  entereil  the 
riv.:.  The  female  warriors  vied  in  hcroilm  with  t!ie 
iiie;i  i  an.,  from  tins  cireumllanee  the  rnui.try  was  c.iJietl 
Amazonia,  or  the  country  of  the  Ama/nns. 

it  i-  hniindcd  on  the  north  by  I'eria  hirma,  on  the 
r  !'h  by  i'l.iq'iay  or  Ea  i'lata,  on  the  eall  by  parr  of 
Br.ifil  and  ine  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  well  b\  I'liu. 
it  Is  ■  aO"-  miles  i'l  knntli,  and  i)l)3  in  buadth. 

\\  I  have  already  mentioned  the  river  of  the  Ama:-ons 
as  ti'.r  iargcll  in  the  known  world,  and  lliail  only  iJ  ', 
:;..;r,  in  tl,e  long  courle  oi' this  prodis!,ioiis  river,  wliih 
is  5c 00  miles,  there  are  'everal  Ibait-,  uv  narrow   pil 
iayes,  where  the  veloci  _,  of  the  current  is  very  <.nat. 

No  European  r.ation  has  made  any  li-ttli'ment  in 
this  ciuntry.  Indeed,  verv  little  ot  it  is  known,  ex- 
cept aluni"  the  weft  banks  of  the  rivi  r,  and  the  well 
frontiers  i-f  the  Portuguefe  colonies  in  Bralil. 

Ti'.e  air  is  cooler  here  than  mitht  be  wellexpcded  lo 
near  the  ei;uaior,  which  proceeds  troni  the  luavy  rains, 
that  occali.ins  the  river  to  overtlow  then  banks  one  half 
©f  the  jcar;  and  from  the  cloudy  weather,  and  Ihort- 
nefs  ot  the  days,  whiiii  never  exceed  twelve  hours.  A 
brilV.  eailerly  wind  alio  cools  the  air,  which  blows  from 
th;;  Atlantic  Ocean  c]iiite  through  the  country,  in 
ftrong,  that  vdlils  are  thereby  enabled  to  fail  ai^ainll 
the  II ream,  and  perform  a  voy.i<.'c  up  tiie  river  Ama- 
zons alinoll  as  fu.m  as  dnwn  it,  which  recjuires  ei;'h:  or 
ten  nnnths.  I  lere  are  tenible  (lorms  of  thunder  and 
lightning  durint;  tlie  time  of  the  rain.- 

TheYace  of  the  country  is  very  beautiful,  and  the 
foil  fertile,  producing  cocoa-nuts,  ;inanas  or  pine- 
apples, g'lavas,  banaiias,  and  other  tropical  fruits ; 
cedar;  iron  wood,  lo  calleil  from  its  weii;ht  and  denfi- 
ty,  red  wood,  oak,  ebony,  logwood,  ;iiid  many  other 
torts  of  vlying  woods  and  drugs;  tog(  ther  with  cotton, 
robacco,  I'ugar,  mai^e,  callava  rout,  yams,  potatoes, 
iaiiaparilja,  and  canela,  or  fpuiious  cinnamon. 

1  iiev  liave  llore  of  excellent  honey,  bilm,  wild  foul, 
ar.d  \enifai,  in  the  wiKni's  whieh  .dio  abound  with 
tv^ei-,  wild  boar~,  bulialos,  ccc.  The  honey  is  ex- 
(uiifite,  .md  the  balm  good  ag.iinll  all  wciundj.  I'ar- 
1  jts  .i:e  ..s  numerous  here  as  [ligconsin  I  a-.;danil.  '1  ,iey 
lia\e  valt  numbirs  of  tilh  of  all  firt,  in  the  iiveis  an.! 
I.ikes  i  ;uui,  nmong  (itliers,  manatees,  or  Ua-cows, 
th.-.t  are  amphibioi: .,  and  teetl  on  the  banks;  ar.d  tor- 
[,,il(s  of  a  large  fli:c  and  a  delicate  talle  :  but  the  lillier;, 
n,u:i  be  up-r-n  their  guard  agjin'.t  crocodiles,  alli^iituis, 
.U'.d  w  itrrr-lerpiiit--. 

■j  lie  nati\''.  -.  like  alir,r)ll  all  the  Americans,  are  of'  a 
'•  ;(ni  llatuie,  h.i.e  h.indf mie  l(.Mti:res,  long  black  hair, 
and  copper  eoinplexion-..  '1  hry  have  a  talle  (or  the 
'.iataiivc  arts,  t)pei  ially  Iculptuie  and  p.u/iting,  and  i'.re 
■\i:,d  HHcharucs.  '1  heir  cordave  is  ir.ide  of  the  barks 
!,f:ui:,  their  lails  of  cotton,  tlu 'r  ha['Jiets  cf  t<jrtoile- 
il  ..'Is    if   hi.rd  llunesi  iiVJr  chuk-!.,  [J  .-.nj,  sad  wim- 


bles, of  t'.''  teetli  anil  lion-.,  of  will  beifls;  an!  their 
c.uuics  are  hollowed  trees.  I'iiev  !|  ;n  .uid  weave  cotton 
g.uiiunts  them'.'elves;  ;uid  their  iiou.is  and  hurs  arc  of 
wood,  tli.itiii,  ami  cl.iy.  llitir  aim.*,  in  geiur.il,  arc 
darts  and  la^clins,  bows  and  .irro\v.>,  with  taig't^  of 
c.ii.e  or  tilhlkins.  They  are  tiuli  g.'od  .uiliers,  tl'.at 
they  kill  iilli  in  the  .vater  wi  n  th''ir  arrow..,  which  tlicy 
cat  without  b.-ead  or  lalt.  The  kveral  nati<;ns  arc  go- 
\erned  by  their  cliicfs  or  ca.iciiies;  tor  it  is  oblirvable, 
that  the  moiurciiic.il  loim  of  go\ernn.enr  has  prevailed 
almofl  iiniverliiily,  both  air.on^-  the  :unif;t  and  modern 
IvuLiaria:^,  as  re^juiring  by  t.ir  a  nu\.li  Ids  retincj 
pi/licy  ih.m  the  repubhcan  lyltem.  The  r<;;,!lia  by 
which  the  I  hit  la  are  eliilinguiii.td  are  a  crown  of  jur- 
rots  feathers,  a  chain  of  lyoiis  teeth  or  claws  about  their 
ti..diilc,  and  a  wo(\!en  bvoui  in  their  hand.  Both 
li  xes  ti'.tneiimes  v.  ir  mantlts  of  liie  fkiiis  ol  bi.-.lls 
or  cotton,  but  guiualiy  go  nak(d.  Jn  l()me  diitiicts 
the  men  thriill  pie(es  ol  cane  ihrougji  their  ears  and 
under  lips  and  har.:;  glal's  biads  to  the  riullcs  of  their 
notes,  which,  1)1)1)  to  ,uid  fro  when  tl-.ey  ijieak  ;  but  in 
"ti-.ers  they  v.e.ir  [  I,  ti  s  of  :iold  at  ilieir  ears  and  nollrils'. 
All  tl'.i  .e  i.atiuns  aiio'.v  oi  poiyg.imy,  or  a  plurality  of 
wiMs  .uid  eo!Hubiiii>i  an. I  du-  wonien  here,  as  in  t!ie 
otiier  Ameiican  n.i'ion.-,  d,i  the  null  laborious  w.irk. 
l  h.ey  woill;i|)  the  images  of  their  ancient  heroes,  (.r  lu- 
bordinate  deities  ;  but  have  no  temples,  or  orelers  of 
priel! ^  .imong  tiieni. 

1  lere  are  .1  people  called  Omigi'a';,  who,  to  render 
t:u;r  chakiren  what  they  c.,11  beauiKul,  ll.it  the  fue  ,ind 
liiiid  p.irts  ot  the  head,  wiii.h  gives  them  ,1  ir.onilious 
appe.irance.  Tliis  practiM-  u  Ihicilv  kejit  up  among 
tiiem  ;  .i;j>l  tiny  m.iAe  a  iell  of'  the  other  inh.ibitall'.i  of 
Amav.oi.u  lallin"  thein  o.',''„;'.;/';-/i  .;,'.. 


1 1  1  S   1   O  K  Y 


A  M  A  /ON!  A. 


GO\/..\LO  ri'arro,  brother  10  tl.e  famous  ad- 
venturer Marqiii-i  l*i/.arro,  comiiicror  of  I'eru, 
was  the  firll  who  undertook  to  explore  the  climes  of 
Ama/onia.  Ereparirorv  to  the  expedition,  he  raifcd 
an  ar:;;',',  1  ;i:iipoled  of  i-iie  S[:.i:iil!i  veterar.i.,  horfe 
.'.:ul  fo,);,  to.jerhcr  uitli  all  lut  4'  3  bidiar.^.  'I'lii: 
litter  W'  re  j  ri:iei|..iiiy  eiir.  io\ e.l  i'l  ciri vii.i.' liie  baii^^agc, 
.iiid  driv...g  ..  ;;i( \r.  .'iMiih.  r  oi  Indian  liieip,  ho;>^s,  s;>.-c. 
!i  l..)ie  them,  tor  t;ie  I'lbli'lanc''  ol'tiie  arir.\  bv  the  viay. 
riuis  ji^p.iied,  he  fet  oir.  iron  (V_:ito  about  (.'i'.rilt- 
m.is,  ill  tiie  year  i;;<j.  A  drea.ild  e..rdK|uai,e,  and  a 
terrible  llorn,  whien  l.ifi.d  near  rAt\  d,.\  ,  nrcutlv  im- 
[>eded  Ins  m.ircii,  aad  manv  ol  iii^  in.. .an,  dice!  through 
th.;  leveritv  of  tiie  wati;  r.  Alter  liirmountinr;  innu- 
m.-rable  (!i.Ti.:iiliies,  tie.-y  arrived  at  a  ;  rovitic-;  called 
C'uiii.u.o,  where  tliev  ilinnd  plenty  ol  pirovilions,  a 
rreat  numi-tr  oi  einna.'i  .,  i-ee  ,  .ind  many  naked  inha- 
bitants. Here  (jon-.Ml'>  !■  it  the-  priii'.i]),.!  p.ut  of  his 
peoj.ie,  t.iking  wiiii  liiiii  o'lly  .1  lew  of  the  111' ll  aiitivC 
to  tearcli  f.a- a  p.'.l.i  iii'o  the  iiei'diboiiring  c^ajitry;  for 
hithertii  tiiey  h.i !  lien  tn..!.'P'-d  with  mouni.iin',  and 
wood--,  thiough  die  ia;t<-.'  ol  «;ikh  they  were  f irce  '  ta 
c  it  liieir  v.'.iy,  ;i:;d  in  tiiv  t.'ir.ier  tliey  endured  a\^ .>..   ,i« 


ardll'.i 


With 


AMr.RICA.l 


t)  II  T  11       A  M  i:  U  I  C  A. 


S'>i 


W'irli  incxprcfTliIc  l.ibour  nii'l  luiriiiii!;  tluy  ciiiic 
.If  lc'ii;',ili  t)  ,1  pnivinco,  I'.illcil  CAk.i,  wliu  li  w.is  iiiorf 
j)()|iiih)Us  iImh  any  tlicy  li.ul  turiiKrly  |  .illal.  I  Irn- 
pioviliDii',  vtn"  plentilnl,  aii'.l  tiie  1.11  iiiiu',  or  kiu'i;  dl 
the  country,  (.mu-  in  .1  |m  .1,  (  ahU- in.inncr  lo  wilcoim 
liicin,  ami  lnon^'ht  tlinii  prunii  -iis. 

Ill  tlirit-  p.iri.i  tli'-v  r.-maincil  iwt)  nrmt.'is,  in  cx- 
pL'iflaiion  ot  tiif  arrival  "f  mole  .Spani.iril^>,  wliom  tiny 
h.iii  Icfr  in  C!iimarii,  ami  iiui  ilirrcU'il  to  ((>ll(ivv  them 
by  liu  li  ti  \cc.s  ami  marks  as  liiey  IlioulJ  IiihI  of  the 
v.ay  tlify  hail  takt  11  ln'li:r<'  ihrm.  'I'licir  lompitii'itis 
bciiij5  loiiif  up  ami  rcrri-llu-u  altrr  their  loiirr.iv,  tlu-y 
man  hcd  l>y  the  h.inl'.".  ol  a  i^^riMt  rive  r,  tor  the  Iparc  ot 
:0  itM<;iJCN,  in  ill  wiiiih  way  tlicy  neither  fuuiul  briclj^e 
or  foril. 

At  leii;.',th  tliev  came  to  a  plate,  vvliere  the  wiiole 
river  tails  tioni  thr  tup  of  a  rock  a'.iout  2-0  lathoni-. 
hifih,  wiii.h  car.'.ract  iiuKi .  a  noile  tluit  is  heard 
aboii:  lix  ieagiir.  Irom  the  pLu  e ;  at  wiiieh  [h(iii{>h  the 
Sp..'iiaril5  were  amazeii,  yet  ir  v\,\s  nuich  more  won- 
tieiiiil  to  lee  above  40  or  <;o  leagues  luAer,  that  im- 
nieiiie  qu.mtityof  water  toiitracled  and  llraitentd  witli- 
in  a  channel  made  by  one  great  roi  k.  'I'hii  i  tiariiK  I  is 
lo  iiirrf)W,  liiat  from  one  liJe  to  the  otiur,  ii  i-,  not 
above  20  feet  wide;  bi;r  |i)  higii,  tli.;'  tlie  top  where 
tlif  Spaniards  maile  their  bridge  v,ai  2^.;  tathoms  from 
the  water,  (i'r/alo  l*i/.arro,  and  his  eiptains,  eon- 
IV.'eii.i.,  fiie.e  was  n  )  otiier  pallage  to  be  toiind  on  the 
river,  ai.  1  that  it  was  neeelliiry  to  pal's  to  the  otiier 
fide,  beca-'le  the  country  u.is  l).;'r-n  on  timt  lide  wiiere 
tilt y  were,  agreed  to  make  a  t'.-.'j,-'  over  tiie  tot)  of 
the  rock. 

I'fie  I:idianr.,  on  tiie  (jpp  jfite  fide,  tl;  •::!,ii  few  in 
number,  lloudy  defended  t!ie  pals,  b.:t  weie  driven 
fr.iiiiit  by  thr  lir-'  of  tlv  m'.:(Lets.  V\v:  \\\\\  bein^  now 
clear,  die  bpiniarti.  iiii  1 1  w:  rk  on  the  lirrli^c  of  tim- 
tier,  which  i  oit  murli  iaboi.r  beiore  tiie  tin  1  '1  .:mcoui., 
be  patVed  over  to  the  oppolite  rock  ;  by  the  iiclji  ol' 
which,  a  fecoml  was  more  eafdy  iii.l,  s.\'.C\  t!.e:i  odier 
pieces  of  rimlur;  li)  that  by  degrees  thev  fiirmcd  a 
bridge,  over  wiuch  both  men  and  horles  p.ilVeJ  I'ci-ure- 
ly  :  af'er  tin .  thry  marched  by  'he  fide  ol  the  river  over 
mountains  covercti  to  thicl<  widi  wood,  tiut  tiuy 
were  forced  to  open  their  way  ai^ain  with  hatchets. 
Through  thel'e  difficulties  they  came  at  length  to  a 
country  called  (iuema,  where  tlie  Spani.irtts,  .iiul  their 
Indian  fervants,  were  forced  to  I'lill.iin  tliemfelves  with 
herbs  and  roof;,  and  with  tender  fprouts  ol  trees.  Tin: , 
witli  famine  and  perpetual  rains  manv  of  the  Spaniards 
lell  fick  anil  LJieti.  They  arrived  aitcrwaids  at  a 
country,  where  the  iuti\es  were  more  civilived  than 
in  the  iornier.  Thrle  ea;  mai/e,  or  Indian  corn,  anil 
ilotlied  themlelvca  witli  garments  of  cotton ;  but  Ibll 
the  climate  was  tiibjecl  to  violent  lains. 

V\'liilc  they  tlakl  in  this  plate  they  lent  out  parties 
every  way,  to  tec  it  they  tliouU  iliUover  a  i)etter  conn- 
try  i  but  they  met  with  noiliing  but  wild  mountains 
fuil  of  dogs,  lakes  and  moorilli  gi-onnds,  over  .  liich 
was  no  pallage.  1  lereupon  they  reliilved  to  bijikl  a 
brigantine,  to  feiry  over  from  one  lide  o['  the  river  to 
the  otiier,  whiih  was  become  two  le.igues  broait.  In 
order  to  this,  the  tirit  thing  to  be  done  was  to  let  up  a 
Inuth's  for^'.e,  lor  nails  and  iron  work,  which  they  made 
of  the  fhoes  of  the  horles  they  had  killed  for  fiiod, 
and  Ibnie  iron  bars  they  had  earryed  with  them  ;  but 
iron  was  now  become  more  Icaree  than  gold. 

(ion/.alo  I'i/.irro,  thoiigli  cliiei  commander,  was  the 
tirll  that  laid  liis  hand  to  an  ax  to  hew  down  the  tim- 
i.ier,  and  to  inake  charcoal,  which  was  rec]iiilite  to 
forge  tlie  iron,  and  always  the  moll  forward  in  every 
menial  ofTice,  mat  by  tliirs  given  a  gootl  example, 
none  iiiiglit  t.ike  occalion  to  excult:  liimielf.  The  rolin, 
which  illiied  from  certain  tree>,  lervcd  them  inlleatl  ol 
pitch,  and  tiieir  old  lliirts  and  rags  were  made  life  ot' 
inthvul  o|  oakum,  to  caulk  the  learns  ol  thr-ir  vell'el, 
whicii  being  in  this  mannuj-  lini:i;ed,  they  launelied  into 
tlie  water  with  great  joy  and  triumph,  imag.ining  tli.it 
licreby  tliey  lliuuld   quickly    dcape    out   (>f    all    their 


•    l!ie 


d.ui;'ers  and  difTicuities.  Rut  it  proved  fi;hcrwl|l-,  fir 
a  lew  ilay-.  Ibewcd  the  cnmr.irv,  ar.d  gave  tlum  caiitc 
to  rejieiit  tint  they  hail  ever  m.i.le  it. 

y\ll  tne  gold  the,,  had  gafhend,  which  amounted  to 
above  the  v.due  ol  lo^coo  pit  (  es  of  ii,'lit,  with  abiin- 
d.iace  of  emeralds,  l()me  of  which  were  ot  j^riat  value, 
as  alio  their  iron  and  iron  work,  and  whatliicvtr  wa.s 
ol  any  ellecm,  they  Inadeil  in  iliiir  velfel ;  anil  fuch  as 
were  we.ik  and  Tick,  and  not  abl  •  to  travel,  were  alto 
put  on  boanl.  Then  attir  a  journey  aimoll  of  2. a 
leagues,  they  ileparted  from  the.  place,  taking  their 
coiiric  down  the  llriam,  liime  by  water,  and  others 
by  land,  keeping  Uuli  a  convenient  diflance  (roni  cam 
other,  that  at  night  they  alwavs  joined  and  lodged  to- 
gether, whicli  ionrney  w.is  performed  v  itli  great  dn' 
ticulty  ;  tiir  thole  on  the-  land  were  fon  cd  to  oi>en  a 
great  part  of  the  way  witli  hatchet  and  bill,  and  tiiol'c 
on  tile  water  ivere  put  to  haid  laborr,  to  keep  tlie 
velUl  from  being  f'riibly  ciriicd  down  by  tlie  current 
from  the  Company  on  lliore.  \\  hen  a:  any  time  tliei' 
pallage  was  inturriipted  by  lomc  mountain,  lb  tliat  they 
could  not  keep  near  the  river,  thev  ferried  to  the  other 
fide  by  help  of  their  vellll,  and  four  canoes  they  lind 
ni.ide  i  but  this  was  a  great  hindrance  to  them,  and 
very  grievous  to  men  lluving  and  perilliing  with 
hunger. 

1  laving  in  tliis  manner,  travelled  for  the  I'pacc  of 
two  moruhs,  tlvy  ;u  len:.;th  met  witli  certain  Indians, 
wlio  by  ligns,  an  I  lomc  word-  wlmli  they  iinderltoocl 
by  their  In  liaii  arvant?,  gave  I'lem  intclllgenie,  tliar 
.;-;i):  tell  days  journey  Innn  tl.enee  they  would  bnd  11 
iiMintry  well  j.'eopled.  Hocked  with  provilions,  and 
aii'.iaiding  with  gokl  and  oiher  rii;hes,  of  which  they 
'.u  ij  in  purluit  i  .md  t'urtlier  li  ;nitied  to  tliem,  tliac 
t'.i-.  lountry  was  iitti.ited  on  t!ie  banks  of  another  great 
liviT,  wiiich  joined  and  tell  into  that  wlierein  they  now 
w.  re.  The  Spaniards  being  encour.i;,ed  widi  this 
news,  ii  );i.:al(j  Fi/.iirro  m.ide  brancifco  de  Orellena 
i.ij't.^.in  ot  his  iirigantine,  and  put  fifty  f  idiers  on  board 
;:i'i:ig  tlvem  orders  to  pals  down  the  llream  to  that 
:-..:ee  wh,  re  I'le  two  rivers  met,  and  tliat  there  Iciviiin 


ods 


le 


then  on  board,  lie  lliould  load  his 


\.ii  1  Aith  [.rovilions,  and  return  towards  tl.em  with 
a;!  Ipeid  ima^-.in.iMe,  to  ri  lieve  them  in  their  dilhefs  i 
iiui!,  01  the  Spar.i.n-.':.  being  alnvidy  dead,  and  more 
liKii.ns,  wlio  from  .;.:  o  v.ere  now  reduced  to  half  tlie 
number. 

Aecor.linglv  to  tiv.le  or 'ers,  b'rancil'co  de  Orellana 
entiled  on  i';e  \'  . .  ^ ',  a"  I  in  the  Ip.ace  of  three  days 
without  oars  or  i.iii,  only  bv  lorce  ot  the  current,  w.ib 
c.irried  to  ti;-,'  coiillaence  ot  the  two  rivers,  mentioned 
liy  tlic  ln;ii.i;is,  i'tit  fo'ind  r.o  ';ro\ilions  there:  where- 
ii(ion  Orellana,  p  •  temfaig  i;  wa^  impollible  to  return 
t  I  PiiMrro  agaa.il:  r'.e  llream,  refolved  ro  let  up  |i>r 
liimlelti  to  coiK'mi-  r.is  vryagc  to  the  mouth  of  the 
ii'.er,  and  then  go  over  iir.o  Serin  .vid  obtain  the  go- 
vernnient  of  tholl"  counrries  fir  himli'if;  but  tliis  cruil 
reliiluiion  was  oppuli-d  by  nipiiy  of  thole  who  wcic 
tlien  v.irh  him.  I'hcy  tokl  him  plainly,  that  he  was 
not  to  exceed  the  ordeis  i^f  his  capt.iin-general,  and 
tiiat  it  was  inhuman  to  tbrfake  his  companions  in  their 
great  ditlrcls,  knowing  how  ufeful  aiivl  neeellary  that 
bii;'antine  was  to  them.  In  this  point,  none  was  inore 
zealous  than  friar  (i.il'|)ar  t'arvaj.il,  a:id  a  young  na- 
ii\e  of  Badajoz,  named  1  lermando  Sanchez  de  X'argas, 
wl/'in  thole  of  the  cont.-.iry  opinion  made  their  chief, 
.md  were  lb  warm  in  liieir  debates  on  tliis  liuije^'t, 
that  the  quarrels  had  come  to  blows,  had  not  Orcllaiia, 
with  lair  words,  appealed  the  tumult:  however,  he 
m  iini!.,'  d  lb  artfully  alterwards  with  tliofe  who  had  op- 
poled  Ills  intentions,  that  lie  inticed  them  all  over  to 
his  party  j  and  tiieii  rudely  treated  the  friar,  whom  he 
had  expoli'd  to  the  fime  famine  and  mifery,  (h.id  it  not 
been  lor  relpect  to  his  habit  and  proftllion)  as  he  did 
Sanche/.  dc  \  ai.'.s,  whom  he  left  in  that  delert,  en- 
conijMtred  with  liigli  mountains  on  t!ie  one  lide,  and  a 
great  river  on  the  other,  to  petilh  by  famine. 

Franeil'co 


m'.m 


li  ir 


5^.4      A  Ni.w,  ROYAL,  and  Ai;rnr.N'Tic  SYSTF.M  or  is'ivi-K.^Ai.  c;r,or.RAr'Mv. 


:^ 


l^f^ 


f4l 


I'V.iniill.)  ill'  On  Hum  .ilrrrw.mi^  fKtin!  tiime  pfnvi- 
fi  IMS  atn  m^ll  t!v  ii.i'.r.\>  <mi  ilic  riviT  IhIiw  ,  Ivii  1h-- 
1,1'iiL'  tlie  woiv.iM  iMiiic  (Hit  .It  tiill  v.i:!i  ilitir  li'iil)iinli 
to  cj'i'ol'f  l>i>  l.iii..ii'.. ,,  lie  (;,nf  It  tl'.i.'  hiinf  ot  the  Kivir 
ot  Aiii.i/oiis 

I'liK'i tiling;  yet  f.irtlur  Aown  li-.i-  r'uir,  tliey  fi\:iul 
t'lclc  liuli;ins  iiu)ri'  civil  tlun  the  -ithcr,  who  te> tiwil 
them  .iiuiiaWv,  ;uhiiiiiiij;  tlie  hri^.iiitiiie,  ami  mui  Id 
ih-ii;  ;ely  ii.iliiieil.  I'lu-le  tre.i;i\l  tiie  S|uniarils  hoi 
jiituUiy,  aikl  I'liriiilluil  ilu  ni  with  a^  unuli  piovillim  a^ 
il;c'.  liail  lA-iMlinn  tor.  Urillaiu  ifinaiiRil  hen-,  tiiirr- 
lore  I'lvcral  weeks  and  Iniilt  another  l)tij.aiiriiie,  lor 
t',i.v  ui'ie  very  imiih  Iheii'ueiievl  |jr  room  in  the  tii!t  j 
aii.i  haung  titHvl  it  up  a>  well  thev  «ire  aMc,  tl.iv 
avivriitiirevi  ..lit  tn  h  a,  lailiiij;  ,ilon^  tiic  toall  ol  t'.inU- 
lii.ina,  .iliiHit  :-  1  a^^ues  to  the  iwrthwarJ,  till  ti.ey 
arr.vcil  at  the  ill.u'ii  of  the  1  Inly  'I'rini'.y,  havlnj^  eleap- 
i.l  li.rh  liaii^vrs  that  thcv  v.wn  >;ave  tlu-MiuUe-.  uvcr 
I'or  I'lih  A'  ti.iN  iiliikl  OrelLuia  l)r(iiii;ht  a  (hip,  wi'h 
whicii  he  laik\i  into  Spain,  where  he  reijui  lleil  his 
maielly's  tommiliion,  ti)r  tl;e  requcll  and  tviveniiinnt 
of  ilie  country  ot'  tlic  Amayon^,  as  he  thou-ht  proper 
to  ihle  it. 

'1  o  make  his  enUTpri.'c  .ippear  the  more  del"rablc, 
he  ailed;.;e..!,  that  ii  waj  a  country  ahoundin:;  with  ii'ild, 
lih.  rr,  and  precious  llones,  and  in  telliiiiony  thereof 
pi-nhicevl  the  riches  wliicii  he  had  lirouj;iit  with  iiiin  ; 
wiiereupon  his  ir.i  iily  'ranted  the  itquill  lie  made,  lor 
thf  [:  iverntr.ciit  ot  v.\\m  lie  lliould  coinjutr  tlieie  ;  and 
Oreli.ina  was  ioined  by  ■-,:),  volunrecrs,  the  L'leatcll 
part  of  tluin  men  of  rank,  with  whom  lie  emli.uked  at 
St.  .Sucar,  tjr  the  i:vci-  Aiva.Uin,  in  the  ye.ir  155;; 
but  lie  kill  one  ot  his  lliip-'in  h.is  voyii^e  thither,  .md 
nut  witii  fo  many  u.il",cuhies  and  mi-lcjrtMiirs  lu-fTe 
lie  li.d  laikd  ICO  kM;"irs  up  tlie  river,  that  he  .ihan- 
doncd  the  enteipri.'.e,  .ind  died  on  hi->  return  Iwme. 

Cit.iK-alo  I'i.;arro,  wh.)  wa>  left  in  fuch  dillrclk  vfx-r 
I'Vanciko  de  Orellani  ran  away  with  the  brii;.' .line, 
firll  built  10  or  1  :  canoes,  and  then  Hoatb  to  pals  from 
one  l.dc  of  tlie  river  to  the  o;her,  ab  ofren  as  iiis  inan  li 
was  intcrrupteil  by  impalfable  mountains  or  moralies, 
and  procrei!'.-d  in  tiia:  inani:erdown  the  river,  in  hopes 
to  meet  the  brigaiuine  they  had  dilpatched  tor  p'to. 
\irions.  At  the  end  of  two  months  they  arrived  at  f!-e 
point  where  two  rivers  met;  but  inlU-.id  of  their  I'li- 
"ancine,  and  the  provilions  they  expected  to  meet  w;:h 
tlicy  found  only  1  lernan  i.'x  Wrgas,  wins  wi:h  ton- 
llancy  of  min.l  betoMiiiiL;  a  man  of  honour,  had  eii- 
liured,  with  ureat  rf l.ih.ti'm,  (amine,  and  all  t!ie  nii- 
lerie.s  to  v.I.iili  he  was  expofeii  in  that  tijlitude.  I'rom 
him  t!  ey  nuivid  a  partii.iilar  account  of  the  viliainy 
of  the  perlidi  'MS  Drellana,  whieh  I'i/.irro  could  Ic.irce 
eici.it,  havii'!^  liithcrto  ri.ji'.j.cd  a;i  entire  conrider.te  in 
him. 

'1  he  rtntr.'.I,  Iiowsact,  chcared  his  men,  and  en- 
coura^'cU  them  v^iili  hopes  ot  bi-ttrr  fortune  ,  telhn;.; 
them,  that  they  ou:;lu,  like  Spaniards,  to  litar  uitli 
ec^uality  of  mini  thele  labours  and  difap|iointir,(  nis ; 
that  t!ir  moie  dmyer,  the  more  honour,  and  tj-.e  ."rcuer 
their  iciiow;!  would  lie  in  hillory,  which  woul.i  tianf- 
iiiit  the  t.uue  of  tlu-ir  ativentiM-i  s  o  future  a^es.  The 
foldiers,  <,'bit-run[^  the  chearliilnrla  ot  their  gener.il, 
will  h.u!  moll:  cauti-  to  relent  Orellana's  ufir;e,  took 
lieart,  and  contwiued  their  m.irili  by  the  banks  of  tic 
liver,  tuiiieiinies  one  fide,  and  loinetiuus  on  the 
(..tii'-r. 

l;ut  the  di!"-i:ky  of  carryinf;  the  horfes  rvt:i-  upon 
f;oats  (for  theic  llili  remained  about  ;d  of  them)  ca;i- 
not  be  eKprclk-d,  and  more  than  the  f.uiiine  tiny  were 
ixp.d'ed  to.  1  lo.vever,  the  Indians  who  rcinained 
lihve  lirvetl  tlieir  ina'lers  ».;th  oreat  faiihti.liieli  and 
.;"•' ciion  in  tlicle  extremities,  brin^nn;;  them  herbs, 
,' .r.tb  a:.d  wild  tiiiit;  lii.ikcs  antl  other  vermin  they 
'  )i;.,.l  ill  t!.ele  mou:itains,  ..11  which  went  dov.n  with 
•  ic  '••.'Wii.u-i.is ;  !:  jr  coukl  they  ha\e  fublilled  wi'Jiout 
I  :'  h  kind  c)t  food. 

(i-yii/ik)  I'izairo,  being  now  rejiilved  to  rrtuin  ro 
1',;-.:,  I    .   ti.e   liver,  and   touk   hib   way  more  to  the 


nortliwarvi,  wliicli  proved  flmrter  by  10  lia';i;es  thaii 
the  H'.v  tl;  V  came,  but  no  lels  dlliiilil',  beiiij;  li.n 
lre.]U(n:ly  i.)  cut  their  way  tliroii'di  the  wot.dij  and  |. 
■.wnt  ol  '-.her  provifioiis  they  now  cut  up  ;ill  ilieir  ri - 
miinii..;  Iiorlei  and  dog>i  fir  the  .1^11  Indiatb,  who 
iilcd  ti  purvey  fur  them,  .ill  died  in  this  e.xpcdiiioMi 
aii.l  there  sverc  but  Ho  Spani.irds  wlio  returned  to  <  )Mitu 
.dive,  i\ni.\  thele  .ilmolt  without  ifiailis,  and  to  lun- 
b'lrnt  aikl  emaciate, 1  with  the  f.itiuue  and  want  of  (ijod, 
tli.it  tlnir  tiearcll  (iicikN  farce  km  .v  them. 

W  ith  lueli  infuppoi table  h.iidl).i|.s  and  h  i7ards  di.l 
the  lull  Sp.milli  .kiwntiirers  (trugi.'le  in  It-.iKh  ot'  p,  'Id, 
cMn  when  they  li.ivl  before  aciiuiied  ciiouf^h  to  have  |,i- 
tished  the  moll  bouiKilels  av.irice.  (ion/alo  I'l/arro, 
v.h.)  was  liie  of  the  I'loprictofs  ^A  the  mine:,  if  I'o'i'O, 
had  not  ainalied  lei's  tlun  i,c:a,o;o  of  erov.iis  bcfurc 
he  entered  upon  his  expedition. 

I'eter  lie  Oiiij,  wIii  uiiciw.inls  I'lii.iir.fd  a  ciiii- 
miikim  lioi'.i  the  poveinor  el  i'eni,  in  the  year  i:|;c, 
to  lubdue  t.'ie  provinces  lioiderin-;  on  the  river  Ain.i- 
zon,  emb.irked  on  the  river  X.iuxa  in  I'erii  with  7^0 
.'inied  S;.'aniard.s,  and  zzo  I.idians,  atid  failed  down 
the  ilrcam  :.o  or  300  ieat^iies,  till  he  c.ime  to  the  coii- 
lluence  of  the  two  livers  Amazon  .iiid  Xa'ixa,  an.kon- 
tin'iinu;  Ids  voya^^e  afterwar.ls  :.-o  leagues  l.utlier,  was 
killed  in  a  mutiny  of  his  iii.:ii,  which  put  a  peiiod  to  that 
ent(  rpri/e. 

Si-veral  other  adventures  m.uli'  t!ie  like  attempts  af- 
terwards, but  moll  ot  them  proved  uiitoKunate,  till 
two  iiv)nks  and  foinc  fildiers,  who  fit  with  Juhii  u;- 
I'alacios  fiom  (^lito  in  I'eru,  in  the  ye.ir  1OJ5,  .v.k\ 
iiiili,irkin;_;  on  the  river  Ama.ym,  where  it  firll  beomei 
liavinable,  laded  the  whole  leii:.;th  cf  it,  till  they  ar- 
rive.l  at  I'aiia  in  liralil,  whi.  ii  lies  in  tiie  I  nith  fide  of 
the  mouth  "I  this  ;.'re.u  river:  lint  I'.eir  c.iptain  John 
I'.il.icious  was  killed  m  ilkiriuilh  with  the  natives  in  tliei; 
paliiis'e. 

'Ihe  liiars  havi;i!:;  (jivtn  an  account  of  their  voviiin? 
to  the  ;,v)vernor  of  Uralil,  he  oideis'l  ll.iops  and  but.-, 
to  be  proviiled,  on  wliiili  he  embarked  jo  ]'ortiii"eft: 
and  :C3:  Indians;  and  in  October  i()_{7  ordered  diein 
to  liiil  up  the  rivei-,  uiidiT  tlij  etjiiuiijiid  of  Te.M  ,r.i, 
a  mariner  of  i;reat  ikill  and  e.\periiiKe,  who,  by  tie 
help  of' the  eallerly  wind,  which  generally  blows  hire, 
tailed  Up  againll  the  currcnr,  till  he  arrived  at  l.es 
Keys,  a  town  of  <^iito  in  I'eru  ;  but  the  river  not  be- 
in;^  navigable  hither  for  his  \elit-ls,  he  left  tliem  there, 
and  went  by  land  to  the  citv  of  (j^iito,  where  In-  Wis 
kindly  recei\ed  I'V  the  Spanilli  t;overnor,  am!  fuinin.ed 
with  wh.itever  he  wanted  totacihtate  his  return  to  Ik.i'.il. 
ihe  go.ernor  lent  two  Spaniili  jel'uits  d.own  the  river 
with  him,  ordcriirj;  them  to  embark  for  Siuin,  when 
t'  ey  arrived  at  Brafil,  and  communicate  the  oblirva- 
tkms  they  Ihould  make  in  this  voyat^e  to  the  Catholic 
m;iirlly  ;  and  embarking  r.gain  at  l.es  Reyes,  on  the 
rivir  Ama.'on,  widi  the  two  iil'.it.s,  in  the  month  <.,f 
V'ebruary  lO^H-g,  arrived  at  I'.iiia  in  lirafil  the  De- 
cember loll  >wing ;  from  whence  the  ieluits  went  m-er 
to  Spain,  .md  publi.lud  a  lurrati/e  01   their  voya;^c  in 


S   I-.  C  T   1   O   \     il. 


■IFIM^V  MAC. 


i.ANiCA,   0:1    r.\iAvJJN[.\. 


Tl  US  eo'.in;:y,  v.:  i^  !i  lies  a  little  to  th-:  northward 
ot  iliL-  Srr.ii;  ri  .Mas^ellan,  was  cilii-d  by  the 
S]  .iiiiards  '1  riia  .M.i:'i-ll,inica,  as  arc  the  Straits  <leno- 
niiiiit'.d  the  Straits  ol  .Vktjallan,  from  berdinan.lo  i\ki- 
i;tii.Mi,  a  I'l'rlui'uelc  of  tiiat  name  in  the  lrr\ice  of 
Spun,  who  diK(;verL-d  tl'.em  in  die  year  i^".;o. 

Ihe  api^i'll.ilio'i  f,!'  I'.itaininia  was  dcin'el  from  a 
principal  trilje  of  its  iiihiliitav.ts  called  Ike. 1;^,'"  r.  'Ihe 
whole  cou:itry,  w!ii>  Ii  roes  under  the  naux*  of  I'.itag'-- 
iiia,  extenis  iioiii  Chili  anil  l'.iraf.n;av  t)  tlic  utmoft: 
extnniiiy  (f  South  America,  t'-,.K  i>,  fr<'in  J5  .diiu.lt 
to  45  dl-l^  offjiiih  Lit.  1<(  ing  7c?  miles  l..!i^  .md  _^Oj 
broad  whcr'--  widi.-ll,  'I'iic  lofty  mouptaius,  talkil  the 
J  Andes, 


:AriiY. 

o  ltMm;es  thiti 
If,  l)i.MHj;  ti)ri 
\s()(.>li  i  ami  l 
lip  all  t!u-ir  r( . 
I")  Imli.iiis  vxli) 
:iii^  fxi'tditiin , 
tiJtticJ  to  ( V_iit'j 
IS,  aiul  lo  lun- 
iitl  w.iiici)t'|ij(j<!, 
i-in. 
aiul  h.ir.p.rJ.  ilij 

li-.iuii  <-r  I', 'LI, 

iiif^li  ti)  liavc  la- 
ioir/ali)  I'i/ar.'i), 
iiiiiit.-.  if  I'o'i'fi, 
t  Liov. lis  bLlurc 

''.iiaii'iCil  ,\  Clin- 
ilie  year  i  ;i;c, 
cIk"  rivrr  Aini- 
I'cru  with  7'  j 
it'.J  )aik\i  d'HMi 
ame  to  tlif  cun- 
Sauxa,  an,!  tju- 
^uc5  laitliiT,  ttii 
;  a  I'ciiud  m  tliac 

likf  arttnipt-i  nf- 
imUiiruiiau',  till 

.•t  witli  Jutiii  li,- 
year  lOjj,  a:iil 

e  it  tirll  lx-L\)iiu'i 
it,  till  tlu-y  ar- 
liiL-  I  jiith  liiic  i,f 

x\t  c.iptaiii  Jolin 

:he  nativ<.':>  in  tlici; 

of  tlitir  v(>y;Tji;t: 
Hoops  aiul  boats 
\\  70  l'ortii<;iiit: 
J 7  ordcral  tlicin 
iuikI  of'  Ti'M  ira, 
Hf,  who,  by  tie 
r.illy  blows  In  ir, 
arrived    at    1  .!.■'» 

till"  rivtr  not  bc- 

klc  tlu'in  tlu  re, 
n,  wIktc  li"'  w  IS 
lor,  ai.d  iuininicd 
is  riturii  to  iJialil. 
:s  down  the  river 

for  Jipain,  vviicn 
cate  the  oblerva- 
^e  to  the  Catholic 
i-s   lU-yes,  on  tlie 

in  tlie  month  of 
n   llrafil  the  ])e- 

jiMiiit-.  went  over 
,'i   their  voyjj^c  in 


r.\i  A'Jv)NtA. 

to  tii'i  nortl'.wanl 
was  e.ilied  by  the 
the  Straits  dcno- 
1  lerdinaiido  Ma- 
in   the  Irrsiee   of 

ar  1  s  .:o. 

s  derive  I  from  a 
;i  l\i:.i;^o  1-.       1  he 

nair.e  of  Patagf-- 
iav  t )  t!ic  iinnoll: 
,  lr>'in  J5  ;ilmt.lt 
lies  I'.nf;  ,ind  .;Oj 
Liinaa'.s,  cailid  the 
Andes, 


■'ftrr- 


m 


d 


vA     'I 


m 


.Ha  ^^l 


hm. 


r ^//,//../ ',>■/, 7  Ban KKS'.s,  l//'',///v./// ./  (Ji-:()(;iuriiY  ^MJrr/^  ^ijJ-  ///Avy. 


.Aire's 


-T-j-A^^^ 


"S 


Tata  ( ;  o  n  i  a  . 


AMFRICA.] 

Andes,  ti-iivirfftli 
'Y\x  iio:tlic;ii  p;i 
a.Kk  of  \.\\i^_  ti 
ll:i.rcc  a  tici.'  i,i!t  I 

llcro  is  good  f 
wild  h  iriu'd  c;ittl 
ih-,'i-  bv  the  Sp;ini 
'I'hcc.ilU-oa'.l  is  I 

llMU1UI■^.      OlH-  ' 

l':Uii;!;>iiii.i  is  in 

us    I'.iJ    F.U.1LV>!1S, 

ii.um',  tliv-  I'-i'iip 
'rii'jcouniry  m 
tionvd  liy  an  Itil 
Ma^;^-ll:inV  Voy^M 
C'll.UC,  :Ull!Hluii 
t'omnio  'lOic,  alt 
^\■.ll!i^,  \\lio  ti»\' 
t  re  wjif  mait>jr 
iM\c  tliJ  tol!i)'\i: 

Dn-fi,  u.ui  I',', 
tie  Siitivis. 

COM  Mono 
cainc  to  ai 
I,  111  tilt  Hmrf, 
iinii'.hiT  I  a  auill 
(ii;;.  -ily  .i-bira;! 
^\  i;  ii',  as  an  inv 
In  I  ,.;>L,i.i'-n^:: 
tiiincul  i.is  oiik-i 
t.j  ■  ai  '  ■  i:i-'   I'- 

alu;'!'    5.  3    I'eOjl 
0:1   li  ),l(  '1U  k. 

kojit  w.'A  v'';.  •'■"'. 
p^ikii  v.'.'.'L  iiivi 
Acce>iuinu,to 
this  was  the  rp'. 
tllc  S;i:iit  U1  ■.\\ 
a  man!'.  1'  <it  lui 
lie  v.hil^'  liand'.-. 
(bore,  vvhiili  Ui 
vented  bi'  a  ivi 

Dili  I'l  1(1.       'I'll 

thciilul.-  pe  nil 
(ir  iiau.-^  .  ot  i! 
1  \vn\:\\  n  I 
i'le  C>in  nod  )i 

lilCV    lb  I'.lld  ici 

11 11  lie  bau'b,  i. 

Vul.il'.IOllli\ 

lii>  people, 
oll.eii-  at  tlieii 
the  n  ilv'oKi 
lii.,iiai.  lie  I'll 
and,pe:e.  i\  i;i_ 
>)t't!ie  .ban:' 
alterw  .id. '.  ap; 
was  I't  -V,-!,*'!'' 

oi   111'  11  I-  1'    i!i 

but  ilie  Coon 
his  Ibiiin.   to 
tll.ill  leveli  iec 
\\  hen  tliis 
I'lVion  ni.iiiu 
'I'l.c  Coni;ii>' 
co;r,pa'iioii>, 
10    lit   down, 
were  aiiioiv.';  1 
piopouioiul 
lliechiei  wli. 
Me  had  biai 
didanee,  aiu 
nuinlierot  ve 
iiueliitiible  A 
No 


//  //ll//l 


V  //// 


7 


\i/n'i.i 


f'/ 


/r/i.i 


AMF.RlCA.j 

An<ic-s,  tiiwin.' t!ic  wli.ilcrduntiv 


s  o  i;  T  11 


;n  iii.,;ii  ti)l)Mi!i. 


I'-.  R   I  C  A. 


.■iir  Mi  |ci-''-,-i:  loiciiMiii 


5<-,.: 


Tl 


!(.■   no:eliL';ii 


p;m 


s  Loiit.'.Mi   rill   aliiv 


l!l.\|i  111 


llii.lt 


ftock  of   1,11  l;c  tiinhcT;  Ivit  in  i 


It  for  any  u 


\\L 


y  incc.i.iun.'. 


M--\\  ill  inn's  jl 
.  -ic  j  \^  t.)  Ill;   |, 


ll:.:t  !t  '.'  :is  :'  :i-l; 


y,   n  ,;    i,  |. 


l,..,i: 


■IK 


:!:'<inll'i3 

';  ,.!.v. 


Here  is  gooi.1  palanaf;c',  :\\\\  in 


cr;.-iiilile  niiiv.oers  ol 


wild 
thcr 


1  inicil  cattle  ainl  U  '-Irs,  wliifh  uere  liiout'lu  lii 


hv  the  Spaiiian's, 


'.nil 


The  eail  coal  1  is  i; 


1  irhiHir' 


C) 


IH-  ■••I   tin- 


:ve  iiu'-^irr'l   ima/i:i  'ly 

,ivl,     '■,  i',!l   t'.-W  .-I'  !!ri  ;J;j  n 

i'iiii  S;.   |,,l!a:i. 


I'ata^Vmia  is  inh.iliite.l  l>v  a  \.;i  kiy  ol  l;i'li,tn  triiics 
as  i!ie  Pat.iL'viiis,  truin  'aIiii.Ii  iliv  cuiKiiiy  takes  it 
name,  the  I'a'iiji.r:,  tli.-  (..''iHaii'.,  S^e. 

coimtiv  aiil  iiilialiu.iins  o;  PaM'-iiiia  arc  'ii.'ii 


Tiie 


iliailelii'ii'Tli  St  V.  '.le  1,1  ;; 
leii.  the  L"<>nrivHli>rc'  ic 
.111(1  V.  hue  liea','~,   'v  \\.'  !i 
,uiii  u  liiv  h  li'-.'ve,  ■•,;\  ■.•'.  ',, 
['icHliiie.   1  le  T'.e.l  l;ic'k  m 
rihliiii),  ai.il     iviir.':  i'n  ' ' 
of'ihem,  ina,'.  •  i:ie  pcii  •■> 
aiul  ll>  on  as  i'.r  as  it  v.iii 


ii;.;  v. 


.\  n  ■ 


III  '.■iev.r,  I, 


I    M  t' 


the 


lai  veil 


U   .WW   i.'l    1!1 


the  rihbor 


il't  t  )  IK. II  u  l:u,u  t,".-  1' 


Ol    l.l'.'J 


ii'.;;  ilir<  ii.re 
I'e  that  I'.eld 
;   ih,ii!':i  ic 


tioneil  liv  an  li  lii.i'i  aiiiii'!',  vv  ho  wr  ic  ;':i  a'  '■  'lU  ol'  jj  v,'.s  cifily  pei\i  i^e.'  ilhii  i:r. 


;i.l  livji'e  i.lelii;lited 


an  s  vovai'e  lo-.iiu 


liie  u-.iiM  ;    hiH  the  niuli  , 


Mj. 

curate,  aMiheiUn  ,  and  ii.iireliiii'.',  li 

Commo  loie,  ain-i  wards  Adiiind  t?yron.  an  K' innin  !'   ei,r  i;  I-l-i 


V.  i;h  it  ih,in  v  idi  ilic  he.i'.-.   While  tlie  ril)ho,i  v.\u  thus 


.11  e  llu.le  I' 


CMt  'uleil, 


.Ml'.  I'lvr.'ii  look  o"i  a  piir  ct  icid'ar? 
InJi 


ween  i.ieli  twi  o'  tl;e  inilians  tl'.at  lit 


■•,  :i;ul 
ii.  io 


)  have  aleeiiamed  I'everai  nov.is  uhic  li  !i 


Wall: 

f"re  uere  mailers  ol  doiav, 

rive  the  tollo' 


and  t 


r 

I  iiir.  w  lumi  w  '„■  ill., 


tVu  he  1l  fi  alio'it  a  v;n,'  in  le.e  iioiielHon  ot 


,\in;i  c  muin.iivc  aeeoii: 


■  I  lie  .ilter-v.i;als  ti.al 
reel  ii  torenK'.iii,  v^ii 


It  ih^ 


e\  :\\  one, 
ids,  u  here  tliee 


vii::  tl-t 


I). 


Dr.-p,  .i.u  //; 


E'oJ.     L. 


•Ji-r:rl!ii,!  nj  . 


ti.c  \\i!i-i'i-s.     Pr,}J:i:iiO:is  of  t! 


I-  F'  Ion  a. 
"ij'it  fiiiin 


!'  i', 


I'tl'l'v 


u  !iile  lie  was  w:il:  ilie.n 
I't  havioi:;-  on  ihi^  oe';, 
ei  dlv  as  the  pretlnts  ^ 


,o.:i  K)  .-mcli  as  tuuehing  v , 
I  lieir  p(.aeea!)le  and.  oriiLiiy 
:;n  did  them  h.Kiour,  etj'e- 
:!  I  11. .)i  extend  to  ihe  v,h..le 


'('  I  i-.r;;;  V,    CTi'. 


conip.aiy 


N'eiC 


1.1-  inipi!,! :  e.-  to  hiaie  the  neu  r.ivj 


c 


'r  e;iriol;t\'  iii  c,  i:n  a  ne 


I  lew  ot  V.  iiat 


'■')': 


h.'.t  when   lie 
1. 


OMVlOnolU':  HYRON  relues, 
came  lo  aneli  ir  on  this  coal!,  ab.int  t'.'.i)  miles 
f. .)iii  the  lli'ire,   he  eool.l  pltinlv  iee  .vith  his  glal's  a 
iioiiiher  I.I  'lo'lenirn,  ridiin;  barkwards  and  t.irwai\ls 


hroiii) 


ht 


anv  one  1;    .".i  the  K 


'iire'llv  adirea:!  ot  the  lliip,  a 


ml   w 


;\inc,   loniethinir 
111 


I 


^W.  u\  as  an  iiivit.iri  HI  toth-.- pojie  to  eonie  on  lliore. 
n  I  i;'!". '],i''nv ':  ol  tLi  ,  llie  Coniiii'd  )"e,  aitende  1  bv 
lonie  ol  'is  ()!["( ers  a  \1  l'.,in!en,  advan.,ed  in  his  b'i:it 
t..i'.ai-'-  me  li.i.ii,  a:,d,  on  a  near  a|iproacli,  law 
aboo'   q»  3  i.evij>le,   !">  ire  ..in  t  ). it,   but  llie  j^reater  part 


on  li  );k  nil  k 


keiit  w,'.\  i; 


,r 


i 

.1  r.Jh 


:vv  ',111  ii!">n  a  itonv  li^ot,  am 


ioi;i 


.I'.ldl 


our  IK'. .'.pie  PJi 


;">ol<.'(l  w.jrt  liiviiaii  .iis  t.i  i.uul 


1 

Aeeori.liin;to  ihe  ii. ,;  I'lntot  the  vo\'ap,eofihe\V';'.G;cr, 

this  was  the  lp,)t  where  in.  e  ew,  as  they  were  paliint^ 
t!ie  S;iait  in  '.ii  -i,  boat,  at.  jr  th.;  lot's  ot"t!ie  vetiil,  taw 
a  ntimb.r  (jtlio  leiiien,  uId  waved  what  appeared  to 
s,  inv'tiiiLi;  tlieni  to  come  on 
done,  but  were  pre- 


l>e  white  liamlkereliiels 

fliore,  whivh  they  willied  to  hav, 

ventci 

Olll  \-\  It'  1. 

llnl,' 


i\'  a  ',i,Ue  ot  \.;,iO,   lliat  i>l>ll"ed  them  to 


iPand 


w:i!-ji'  l.:vs,  tliev  were  in  ilo'.iot  whe 


Ihe 


pe  iple  were  l'.'.iio;-;t'anbWi'ee 


ketl  on  tliccoi 


.t  ti 


le  e.)iin[''\  . 


h.,'i.  li 


n  1  weap.'iis  \iere  hen  im  uvj  t 


native- 


I  ap[ic.ired  evident  to 


Mr.  H 


i  all.Jtte.l  the. 11. 
'ion,  that  the  iKdi.uis 


on  whom  he  lia  1  eontened  ih'.le  oiii'nien 
tl 


tal  pi.  It  .'If. 


I  were  not  eiii:':ly  tlrar.eev- to  I'.uiope.in  e.Mnmo'.iKiei, 
'  :;-,  upon  a  i.v.er  o'-ii  rv.iiion.  lie  remarked  one  v.';.>M.,in 


.elet  ,   eit'iei  i 


upon  her  :i' 
ui.on  two  1  . 


and  |.. 


1  I  r.us  or  very  p  il 


'e  oeai'.s  ol  our.  ;Mai  ,  .iri! 


the   top, 
Si'.e  was  ol 


qui":eso!  hair,  v.h:e;i,  re::i;!;  [ 
hill,',    dnwii  over  each  liK.iiid.i.  i   !>(.. 


her. 
I   iiK.ll  cnoiiiious  li/e,   and  lu;.' iaee  ;i.o;t 


'leoiiflv  p.iinted.  'Ihe  C'ommo.ioi ; 


.  ou: 


d, 


everv 


pothbl 
is  and  bra 


e  nie.tns, 


eelers. 


to  le.i 


i.'i.l  noi  ccLi  it  ill. 


...I 


w.mi  ofhniiiij,  lullieieiulv  t;n'!ei'iio,'d 


It  Would  bi'  \er\  iiatui.il  lor  iliole  wiio  I'.ave   real 


I''al 


i!es,i!  tliiv  t.)i;n  a:i  idea  ot  ,in 


niktd  reiuriiin'j;  to  his  tcll.nvs  in  tl 


li;  w..)oiis  aiiointe 


]  with  l'  .iropea; 


i.ulieci,    le 


W, 


itiinkets,  t  'd'linkot   I  ho  .\!'ake\  u  iio 
;\et  bet  iiewedolnile  iheirton'b'.els 


li.r  ulal<  1 


le.i 


nl.t.ons,  ar 


.1  oti 


ler  thing's  w 


hieh 


aic 


id  111  II"  I'liiin  'i:  III  anv 


111  ilienil 


ive- 


llie  ornanu  iv.< 


is.wi  Ihould  eonliderthat, 
.it  l.iv.iie  and  elvil  litjiiL' 


HI  'il;  and  till!  ih..r(r\vh.i  lue  nca!i\  in  .nlatc  ol  v. 
t'lie  li.ive  notliin  ';  that  lelMUolcs  jlIiIs  io  i:'.'!,  h  ,i'  .■!  : 


ihe  C  .111  nod  )ie  I 

ihe\  ili  mid  I  el  ire  to  a  liitle  d  il!  an. e,  w  iili  whieli  liiev  j    di  eivad  is  more  eapriLi..u-.  than  the  value  v  liieii  the;, 


ee    e  1  it  p;'i:  icat  to  iinke  ti'^ns  tli  ir  i    ri 'embles  a  di..niond.    'I'lie  value  which  we  k 

I 


nil  iic  liaieb  (...nplie 


They 


eoutinue.l  to  ihe,it  nii.lt  i    1. 1  upon  'j, 


.n  .'lats 


'Idieh 


i\  e  o!  iiriiame: 


:r.  to  lie  aa 


.  ileioiili_\  ;  'uid  ih.  C'  Mii-nod.)ie  havini',  I  m   e.l  '..  ii  li   |     univeil'.il  priiKij  !e  in  human 


.itiire;  aiu.  the  Iplendi 


X 


people,  ilre'-v  i!i  ;;i  uj.  u|v)n  liie  l>eaeh,  'vith  his 
olliccrs  .It  theii  le.a.',  ;j,iv|.;;.;;  lirict  ord.'i  s  ih.'il  none  of 
them  llv.'iki  (put  liiei.  i:-fi.»a  till  he  .1  oald  >;ive  the 


Il!j1, 


d,    lb 


,en  a  !\.ui. 


,e  to'.'.ards  the  Indiai 


and.peii .  i\  in  ;tli  it  tlie\  icire.iucl,  made  fii;n;',  that  < 


ot  ih' 


!oi:l  I  C'l'ite  n.  a. . 


a  pei'l^ 


alterw.tr.li  ap.pe.ired  to  bt:  a  c.iiet,  appio.iched 


IK 


was  ot  ;j,ij,!n:ic  li.iiuie,  and  i' 
ot  ill. 'h  lii'-  111  ho  1.  '.11  di:!oe 


I  le  v.- 


t;)  leali/.e  t''e  tales 
■iie.il'i.ired. 


it  till   C 


i.iim  ..;.>:e  i  a 


111 . 


I'ld,  li'.;:i  tlie  proi'.ortlon  dl' 

kfs 


tra.nlparency  .iiul  re;iiilar  lip/iie  ol  a  bead  ue  the  ijii.ti 
I  lies  iliat,  In'  the  (  on  ;  iliiiion  i.l'otii  natuie,  e.\i.ite  pL 
\  \\n%  iileas;  and  allhoujjh  in  uiu 
I  ilia. noiul exceeds  ihe  jjal's,  its  v.i 

in  proportion  t..  iln  ilill'erei.ce. 


t  link  ipi.tllllts  t.'.e 

i>  ir.iii  11  :i,ii;e  t',.  ;ii 

le  p'i:'.'.lU!c  w  i::i, h  it 


<:!,ivls  anvmi..;  us  is  pi  ineipailv  bv  con. en  iiit;  UilUnct.oii 
and  ;.',ratifyin.i,  v.iiiiiv,  which  is  iiulepeitiU  r.t  ot  natural 
I','  lertain  litu  s  cr  ii;ui.'es,  to 


t.ille,  wliieli  IS  cjaniie 


1  I 


ai'.r  ,   t.)  his  i.A  !i,  that  ;i  could  not  be  much 


th.'.n  lev.,  n  ieet. 

\\  h<  n  this  fri^liilui  C 
Hvi..;!  mattered  l,.nu  ihiiij,  toe. 


oloMus  I  line  up,   he  a'v 


f.ir  ih 


.V.   re.i!  Ill,    WL 


I'.'  •  111.'  I'.i.'iie  ot  i.eat  ly. 


It  lliotijd  be  reau'iiibi  red,  ihii  an  1  ■;d..ii-.  n  iiK.,e  dil'- 


tins:,iiillK'i 
.iual  a; 


VI 


..  '.^I.il'^  I  I'tl  ■•11 

UOtl.'    U  -  bv  ,1  liKMMi 


,1  oeai-l,  iii..n  .;;i\'  ii'iU- 
;  thouijh.  pel  haps,  tlie 


.hotl 


lame  lacri bee  is  ii'itmide  io  hi-  \'aiiiiy,,is  the  polleiii.>ii 


ler  as  a  i  ihitation. 


he  c-onimoiiore 


the 


11  v\  .1 


ked 


with  lull;  tou 
1, 


.lids   h 


coa.patiion^,  to  wliom,  as  he  .".ilvanceil,  he  m.ade  I. tins 
to  lit  down,  and  they  all  ic'i'il)  complied,  'iluie 
were  ami):i|i,  them  iiiaiiy  w mu  a,  who  feeiiud  to  be 
pi.jpoitionil.lv  laii't-;  ami  lew  ol'ilu' men  were  leistlraii 
tliecliicl  who  came  t  .ruanl  t..  meet  the  Cuiiimodore. 
lie  iia.d  heard  the  voices  of  tlie  l,i\,;;;es  verv  loud  at  a 
diit.iiice,  and  when  he  came  iie.ii,  perceived  a  u,reai 
nuinbirol  very  ol.,l  men,   u  ho  wi.ie  ch:iniinp,lbme  im- 


ol  his  hnerv  r-  i  aiiier  a  ti 


eliini  inv  ol  his  ;..,o  'd  birraii 


lan  of  his  in/luence  or  |io'.'.'ei',  in  conlctpieiio:  of  his 
I  •  1  i.iiiiioii  mediu'ii  of  all  e.Tidily 
iedtoeoiiterviitii.il  \\  petioi:t\  .u.il 


Iru.  a'    ill 


IS 


lu 


hivin;.,  w 
poliellif. 

iiiiriiillc  ailvamai'/'. 
tl 


Onc'il  the  men  produced  the  bowbil  '.  inbacco-pipe. 


w  Inch  was  III  i 


,fe  ot 


i  led  I'.iiih-   but  the  I  ..:',i  ,  ot...re 


li.on  perceived  tliej'  h.ul  lu)  ti  bacco  ..ai.M'._',  iliem.  In 


dee.t    tl 


lis  iiKiii  t'lve  hull  to  lino.  I 


lland  tii.u  he  w.iiited 


I  tome. 


I  poll  this  he  beckoned  ti 


peo[' 


le,  w  ho  had 


inteUitiible  words  ii\  the  molldolclui  tadeiict,  with  an  I    remained  upoiuho  beach  diawn  'ip  in  the  order  he  h.ul 


N 


7 


D 


kit. 


\:  n 


^^ 


'■  'e. 


m 


5-1 


.    » 


■i'l 


566         A  NEW,  ROYAl,   and  Al'Tl  II.NTiC  SV: 

left  them,  and  tliicc  or  fv>ur  ot  liicn  r:;n  for\v;n\l.  iMp- 
polliig  iIku  lie  waiued  ilicin.  The  Imliaiis,  uh'>  ii:ul 
been  1)1  it'ervLxi  til  keep  their  eve-^  ciiminunUyiip'^iuhein, 
no  fo.tnjr  (".iw  lome  of  [he;n  ;ul wince,  tii  \\\  ihey  all  role 
up  with  :i  great  cla;iioin,  and  were  leaving,  the  pliee, 
as  im:i<;ineel,  to  get  their  arms,  whieh  were  prohaMv 
left  at  a  little  dilhinee.  To  j->reveni  mifehiet,  and  put 
an  end  to  the  alarm,  tlie  Commodore  ran  to  meet  tiie 
people,  who  were advuuing  in  confei.]iienceof  ihe  li  ;- 
iial  given,  antl  told  them,  as  foon  as  he  was  got  \\  ith- 
in  hearing,  that  he  w oidd  have  oidv  one  ot  them  come 
i;p  with  all  the  toli.ieeo  he  eoiild  coUei'i  from  the  red. 
When  :hc  Indians  perecivcd  this  thev  recovered  from 
their  iin'jiri/.e,  and  everN  )ne  returned  to  hisllai';)n, 
except  a  very  old  man,  w  hi  came  up  to  tiie  Comm"- 
dore  anil  Umg  along  foiig.  Hefore  the  long  w.is  well 
Hnilhctl,  an  oliictrcamc  up  wiih  the  tobacco,  and  indi- 
cated a  laugliable  allonilhmen'.  in  his  coiiuteaance. 
upon  perceiving  himlelt',  thougli  lix  feet  two  niches 
high,   liccon'e  at  once  a  pigmy  among  giants. 

After  the  Commudoie  had  prelenied  the  toh.icco, 
four  or  five  of  the  chief  men  came  up  "'  him,  ainl.  as 
he  iinderllood  hv  the  ligns  thev  made,  wanted  hiiuo 
mount  cine  of  the  horfes,  and  go  uith  them  to  their 
habitation;:  ;  hut  .is  it  wo'.dd  have  beer.  Highly  impru- 
dent to  complv,  llgns  were  made  to  them,  that  the 
Commodore  mull  return  to  the  ihip,  at  which  tl'e\ 
cxp:elled  r.iucii  concern,  and  lat  ilown  in  their  former 
dation":. 

During  this  chimlidlicw  conference  ;,n  ohl  m  n  ot- 
te:i  laid  his  head  d.own  upoiuhe  llone,,  and,  Ihutting 
hi-;  evcv  ti.r  ahc  ut  h.ilt  a  mnuite,  alierw.iidj  pointed  iirll 
to  his  inoutli,  iir'd  then  to  the  hills,  n-eaning,  as  tiie 
Commo.i  u  ;  .-..igined,  that  if  he  would  flay  till  the 
morning.  thc\  wouM  f  irnilh  him  w  ith  fome  provilimis; 
flit  this  I'rt'er  ht  w,i;  obliged  to  lieclire.  When  he  lett 
them  not  one  ot  tl.em  ofleied  to  follow,  but,  .v;  loi.g 
as  thev  could  be  lecii,  conunucd  quiet  in  their  liaiioiis. 
Commodore  Byr<.n's  defcription  of  his  lii  il  mtervieA 
w'ith  tlij  natives  ot  I'atagoni.i  is,  in  general,  conilin;e,!  j 
liy  that  I't  CajitainW'allis,  w  !io  vifiied,  this  ccuntiy  tv.  o 
years  atter  him.  That  navigator  relates,  tliat,  when 
he  .".piroached  Cape  \  iigiii  Nlary,  he  law  teveral  men 
riuing  upon  the  poiiu  ot  it,  who  made  lignaU  tor  ilie 
pe>)ple  on  board  to  cmealhor-.-.  I  lavmg  anchoied  in 
a  bay  dofe  under  the  louth  (kle  ot  tbeCape,  tlienatives 
continued  a-lirealt  of  the  Ihipall  night,  making  gieat 
tires,  and  frequently  ihouting  very  loud.  At  ilay -light 
great  numbers  of  them  were  fecn  in  motion,  making 
rigiial>  for  our  people  t  1  land. 

Havingtaken  the  necell'ary  precautions,  and.  left  par- 
ticular or. lers  on  board  to  bring  the  dnp's  broadlidc  to 
bear  upon  the  landing-place,  Caiuain  Walh.  went  in 
his  barge,  attendeil  bv  lome  oiticeis  .uul  men,  projiei  Iv 
armed,  and  having  reached  the  beach,  betore  he  hit 
the  barge  made  figns  to  tlir  natives  to  retire  to  fome 
cliftance,  with  wdiich  they  immcdiatclv  coni|ilied. 

Captain  Wallis  having  Imdeil  with  leveral  otiicers, 
and  ordereil  the  marines  to  be  drawn  up,  matle  ligns 
to  the  natives  to  approach,  ami  directed  them  to  lit 
.'.own  in  a  femi-circle,  which  they  did  u  iili  great  order 
and  cheerfulnels.  The  Captain  then  dillnluned  among 
tlum  leveral  knives,  fciliars,  buttons,  beads,  combs, 
and  divers  toys,  panic  iilai  ly  fome  ribbijns  to  the  w  1- 
nieii,  w  Inch  were  received  with  eipial  plealuie  and 
rcfpecf. 

Alter  the  diftribution  of  thefe  pielents,  Captain 
W.dlib  endeavoured  to  make  them  uivleilland  ih.it  he 
had  other  things  todit'iofcof,  but  expected  fome  arii- 
cles  in  leturn.  I  Ic  then  caufcd  tome  hatchets  ,uid  biU- 
iiooks  to  be  produced,  and  pointed  to  (omeguanii  oes 
that  hap|iencd  to  be  near,  and  lomeollriches  which  lie 
faw  tlead  .iiiiong  them,  n.akmg  ligns  that  he  wanted  to 
f.it  at  tlie  lame  time  ;  but  they  either  could  not,  or 
wi.iild  n(jt,  underd.ind  him  ;  tor  th(jugh  iiie\  lecmed 
verydeliious  of  the  hati  hets  and  bill  hooks,  iIk\  tJa\e 
not  the  le.ilt  iniimatim  that  they  would  give  any  pKj- 
viiion  mritum.    llufc  people,  in  general,  had  hulc,. 


>TF.M  OK   rNI\r.I'SAL  t-I.Ot.R  \i'flV. 

Willi  rel'i'C.i  to  the  pcif'ir..>  ol'tlu  native.,  C  ;,:,•;'■,- 
d.iic  Uvroii  e\orel!es  ilie  high' ll  I'liuiMli'i.  ai  .■.lii,'- 
500  people,  i'lic  Ih.ntdt.  o!  u  !io-.i  \:c:c  at  lead  fi.ur 
inc'ies  tiller  t!ia-t  a;r-'  oen  ul  i;i  ..e  ot' 'vrriouiinary 
lia;  ire  anioii''  t:-.,  :\il  bulkv  in  i^ioj; mion  to  ihch 
luight  ;  v.hcics  with  u--  Icaicciv  .i.iv  bear  li'a;  pro- 
poti-m  ;  .uiil  a  niiii  w  !io  IhouKt  11. c. 1 1  u,c  .'id.  ;,x  fL..t. 
twd  iiii  he  ,  ,i;iJ  I'j  :,d'\'  exceed  a  I'oul  ucll-Ut  in:  ii 
"t  common  li,.pii(.-  in  l';'.i,'!!i  a,;!  nr.ilcle,  would 
llrike  us  rillier  .is  ,1  gi.i.ii  r.'an  aa  i;;dividual  oi  or^Ii- 
nary  foim. 

I.  aptain  W.tllis,:;t  l-.i-i'.r'.l  inierviewv  i'.'.i  the  native:, 
canted  tholl  il.u  .qipc.ued  tobclhe  talle,  .■.•r.ongtlu  :ii 
to  be  meal '..I  cd.  One  e,;  thelew,',-  fix  Uci  u-.en  iinlic; 
high;  aiui  Icvei.d  were  lix  lea  live  ai'-.l  1,\  tett  l;\ 
iiu  hes,  Tii(  \-  wei  c  •'.ell  in  :  l",  !  ilni'l,  :"■■!  1"  >;'.v;  lu.i 
tl'."r  hand-  a;id  ful  \\c.e  ;-.  ,r,  u  Lal.ly  ;  ;'..vil.  llieii 
cor.iplexiMii  u.i^  a  .■■',!.  i.  ;;.-  >  'I  ui ,  l:',e  I'l:'"  ut  t!'  • 
liuli:'.:i-  in  Ninth  Ame:  11 ,' .  I'!i.  ir  h  ,i,'  -,'.  1-  l!,..ig',.l,  a:i.l 
nearlv  asli.u'li  as  ho.'s  bri/;  i, ' .  It  vasii-o!  '  ;ik  wi-.  1 
a  colion  lliing  :  but  luui.  1  1.  .  v,  -ri.  .::i .  '..e.ul-drel  . 
'1  heir  Icclh  wire  \  er\   vl  ,ie,   n  .  ;;,      r  i  •>■  :i  l\\ 

I  he  eh  let  w  h.)  ll;  i;  i  "•)■■  i!;i  '.■•  i  c '"Vi.o.'.  •:\  IV  ru  1 
h.ul  the  Ik  11  i.t  lum:  ■..;'  :  :  ;■.;!•  ;!•;  •■  ;i  ow  ;  !;-  Ih,..;- 
deis.  a>aSc-;.h  ili!i:''a,„;e;  ■-  ,  i'-^':  jd.i:  ;,  :L.>d  w:-; 
Ji.ur.ted  to  ,■..-.  to  lii/.ke  ll  e  I'.'.o!:  '.    .  /■.",•.■     ■    1  c  •  i;.' 

liad  evei  !  c!,.l,!.  Rou",d  o;-,c  e>  e  \  .^  il  1..  .;..'c.>i 
while,  a  liielcfi'  b!.'.. 's  f.,i;"i.i  dud,  i..e  od;,' .  ,;.iil  if  • 
relt  ot  i;l'  t.ice  ■'  .:^  •:  ■.  .ked.  w  ;;  li  p  .i;,;  i.f  T.;;: . ;  ^  ;'  .^  . 
lou..-.  Ihj  v,',-.  ,e  g;'u:i  fe.u  i\  I'ne  (. ',.  .ic .;  .',0  „ 
\.ere  ji  lintel  ai;d  .  f  latlud  ne:.;!'  111  d.e  11  e  i.-  e.  '.c' . 
1  he  elicit  ,^  rnnu!  the  iwn  cs  e,  u  ere  m  Ir  •  ..  .  ,<  ■:  ■  . 
one  ecrf  iir;  bui  liiiv  weie  not  uiUve-fllK  '.  '.  .1  k  ..\A 
wliile,  KiU',e  beini;  w  lute  .uid  iid,  .111- i  lull  e  1  ed  „;,d 
bl.ick.  l''.xcti't  the  ikiiis,  wlieh  liiev  wo:e  v.iihdie 
Inir  inwaii!-,  lu.oilof  then  we;:.  .;.;i.cd;  a  I -v.  onlv  of 
then  1  -iving  a  kind  oi  boot  upon  iluir  kg'-,  witli  a 
Ihort  pouued  lliek  fa:lened  to  eac!;  heel,  wliu  h  lerved 
as  ,1  Ipur. 

It  ap;  ears  fr."ii  tly  -ice-'uiu  ■•I'Ca,  tain  Wailis,  t]i;;t 
the  ciu?tcl,)atlii;u;  >  I  lir. le  p'.  .-■,  1.  is  ci'.npulid  o!  the 
ikir.sotti.e  gii.inie.i.  Iced  t'.i.Hllier  into  piiies  about 
lix  teet  long  and  live  .vide.  1  li.i'e  are  wrap'ped  refund 
the  body,  .;nd  fuici-.ed  with  a  ;;udile,  willi  tiie  hairv 
lid'' inwaidis.  Some  lit  them  had  a  Iquare  piece  i''. 
cloih,  lu.ide  oi  the  ilowii\  luiii  of  the  I'/ianuo,  th'ciUj:,ii 
whieh  a  hole  being  cut  foi  i!ie  lie.;  1,  i!ie  lell  In,  .,-, 
round  tlum  as  lo.v  as  the  knee.  1  i;.\  .ue  d.elcr.lied  e'^ 
Captain  W.dhi  .is  v,  ealill;;  the  l-^.i-wiiij,  or  IrH.'ts.  and. 
jia  lining  lilt  mil  Ives  III  the  !"'/'.•  mani.ir  nu  luivm  d  1  v 
Coiumoii'ire  1>'.  ;on,  with  llii^  dilieieiice  lin'n  ,  ihiit  lii-, 
e;.  e-lidsot  all  the  yo.mg  woii;eii '..i  re  p.ii'ii  .e!  Iil.u  I.. 

1  he  I'atagomans  tomnionh  eariv  .i  mi'iile  \'  eijM.n 
otafiiigulir  kind  tucked  into  . I  id'  lie.  b  .  .n.fr.i  .-,; 
f.eo  round  li'.ines,  i  o\  eied  w  it  !i  |.  •,;',-.  1 ,  e.K  h  ■>'.  i  i,','di"j, 
about  .1  |iuur,d,  whi^h  aie  fili'.-!ie.;  t  ■  liir  iwi  m  ;  >  c.  .; 
ibing  about  eigiit  fiet  Ion  ;.  '1  i'l-  is  ufedi  as  a  Hit!  ■,. 
one  llone  being  kept  in  the  1;  ;-.,i.  :;i.  1  ihe  oihei  v.  I.i;!.  ■ 
round  the  head  till  it  i^fuppoUd  [■:  ti.r.  e:Uqii.i  e.l  f.;;;.- 
Clem  tdice,  and  then  difeharge  1  a;  t'.ie  ol-'uct.  Tlu  ■ 
are  lo  expert  in  ihi  uianaL'enu-:.t  ;,i  tids  d(r,ili!---he.i  .  o 
lliot,  that  thev  w  il!  hit  a  m.u  k  u  ■!  ',  e.  1  :  I'.i  .:.  .•.  ihilh.',,^ 
v.  itii  both  the  tione^,  at  theilihanie  ot  liUeiii  \.u.  .. 
It  IS  not,  huv.esei,  llr.:i;  t  u '.'j:u  !•  •  I'l  ik.-  tinier  d. 
guaiiico  or  the  c.'  1  ii  h  w  11  ii  tl.em  m  rie  i  i.ai  ■,  I r :::!■-, 
illleliarge  ihi  m  I  I  as  tlu'.I  the  toil  i,,u..,  ■.,.',  U'l'l  : :  ., 
le;',s  ol  the  olli  k  li,  or  l  .vo  ol  lli-  f  ;;s  eij'  li'e  ;  u  ,-  i'  ', 
and  is  i-,vi(!ed  i''.:ndthem  by  the  !  '.i  e  :i,.d  i  ',  11  ',  ..r  liie- 
balls,  to  that  lilt  .1111  nial,  being  ui..,Me  tioi.ti,  I'ecuii.i  . 
an  e  ily  |iiev  to  the  hunter. 

W  ith  lilpeii    to  tood,  our  pi'.j  ie,  '..lule  liiev  ft."'  ' 
i,n  llioie,  iiiiit  I  M',1  I  he  lilt  i\  t  ^  cai  I'l  u.  "l'  th,-ir  <!•  'i 
meat  r.i.v,  paiiiiul.ul}  the  p,.;,nil!'  ;   :,;   eiiivl'..     ,    . 
out  any  other  paep.u.ii  ..iii  01  i  ie  u.  .,   ,  th  lu  'iu:i      .  i- 
ing  it  iiilitte  out.  a:id  Ihakin     11 . 

f  he  n  uis  e^  lalkvd  iiiU   li,   uuMiir'  ufih -.n  i    :'     '. 
out  to  Mr.   ^^':dll^  C.i-hi  I.I  lie;    I'li  \>l."i  th' v    -. 
fpoken  to  in  S-  iimh,  re);tii_'u-.fc,  1  ;  .:•■  r.  ::::',  D  . 


the  Capt.dn  w 


tilt  ate  that  In 


I'ilV. 

ivc-.,  (J  :.:.—.: 
■  ■Mil  ;it  .'•.■,11;^ 
;it  lc:i,i  u.'.ii" 
(  '.vrriciuiiiiaiy 
iiiivn  to  dm, 
bc'.'.r  li':;:  ;iro- 
,!.■  iinl.'  !,x  t'n't 
It  ucll-lct  m.  11 

■':i  [hv  luitiw:, 

; ' ! ; '  1 : 1 ;.',  1 1  n  : :  1 

:  u  vi-.'i  iiik  in  i 

I    \'\  Ucl   i.x 

--!;■::■■;  lu.i 

..•  i'i:-r  utt!:  • 
i;ll;..i-J.t,  :r..A 
lin!  '•■■(  k  win 
;iv  ;.:'.u!-i!ii!  . 

■I  i-n:,..;- 

:  ;,  :..'U'..' 
■■'■.I'     •     I  ■>■  ■  I;.' 
1     .   >  :.  I   ^'  ')! 
■J:,'.  .:.i<',  l!.  ■ 

''.;::. v^:'  l  ■- 
;■,.■  f..  ,\.V.:  .I,)-.. 
'.■  iV    ;.•  dm:. •,(.■■. 

1   li'i  i:    >■■,.■.■■ ',' 

V  \\(i:c  V.  nil  ilio 
il;  ;i  l.w  oiilv  i.'i 
t  \y  k  !'.••,  widi  :! 
L  I,  u  liu  li  Itivtd 

■.in  \V:;lli<,  i!i,:t 
".niinlnl  ,,(  tlio 
iitc  I  i'.  I  (.".  abon: 
.■  u  lapped  ri-'.i|i.l 
wii'.i  tiu-  ha;;v 
I'lpi.iii.'  pifti    (■'.' 

■i.inLC,  til'.;i;„il 

1,  i!iL  ici!  lu.  .,-, 
aic  d',  Ic;  ilicd  Im 
J,  or  ii^K'tv,  iv.'.A 
tr  ir.ir.ii.ntd  '.■v 
I  r  ■■idi  ,  iliiit  tlr^ 
pai'il  .^i  blai  k. 
.1  nu'iik-  v  u:ip:.:i 
li  I  11, li;;  .>; 
: ,  f.l;  il  V.  u  diii'^j;^ 
ill-  IV.l  ;■:)      ,  I.!   .1 

I  i:l'-'d  as  a  llin  ;, , 
iic  ciilu'i  V.  l.i;!.  ■ 
.  i':Ui(U.ic.l  r,:;;.  • 
(.■  Ml  u  .M,  'I  !n  ■ 
.1  do'.il  jL-Ikm  ;<  ii 
.  ;  tl.  .:,.t,lu!li.;„ 
<A  liiici  11  \  111  .. 
;  1 1  'v .  ■  1 1 1 1  If  r  • '  ■ ._ 
.•  i.;,.u  ■,  ir:-'!'-  ; 
.ill.  .  ...;  ii'i':  ;:  .. 

1  1(1  li".'  ;  11  ;•  |.  >, 
:;  id  l\  II  ,  ..r  li:c 
IiMi:ll,  t'CiuiHi  . 

v.:,.Ktiicv.ftr  ' 
lu-  ■•I'th.'iv  ♦V  "i 


AMEllTCA.] 


O  l^   r  II     A  M  r.  U  I  C  A. 


!;,'j;t 


;    '  ;  j  u  1 ; . 

,    i  Im'i    ;II   1 

•'.  1,  .  ., 

Vm  r  "  1    t  1  r  V 

;.-i;  ;:;dl) 

1..,., 


i-pwM'-jd  t!ic-'v  irds 
Is   •*  !-'.;-i  Millwiicii, 


t1iev  niiuc  110  reply.  O  :'  \'c.ip]j  could  di  liii:-^:  illi 
Old'' one  word  ifthcirowii  lan,viii!,c,  wlucli  was  C!;i'- 
vow.  riicy  loppoled  it  t'<  be  a  I  d'.itati'-iii,  a"^  tiicy  id- 
ways  pronotini:ed  it  wluMi  thfy  di  ^nl;  Inn  is  umIi  I'r.in, 
atv.l  w'ni'n  by  (Igns  they  allvi'd  Iw  iiii\'  ildn^j;.  \\'li(.-ii 
tliry  w'Tolp  ikcn  V)  i;i  Kn^Ii  h  I'lcy 
widi  cilc,  I'.nd  <r,'!t  bv  i;;.-;ii';  tlic-  wo: 
conic  OM  111  irf." 

Tilt  difpoliiion  ot'thi.  fc  pcoplcwiU  lie  bcl  dil";  1  ivcd 
by  .1  recital  At  their  <lrpi->;nr.cnt  d':ri;it;  tlic  incidciit=; 
whi.  li  oci.  lined.  0:1  t'.ie;:  \  :;'".t  t'l  Cap;.  W.illis  dii  l,ii)a:il 
liis  !hip. 

\\  Ilea  a  propol  il  wa-  ma  le  M  them  ')",•  ('.■^■.•s  that 
theCajnaiii  would  ;:iV.c  loine  1  \  I'ae.u  i>:\  bi).;id  U  lliev 
were  dc!iii'".'.s  to  !:;'),a:>o;it  o.vj  l-.-i;i,l:v'd  ea.'eii  .  i)nerv.d 
t'.l  viliL  tiie  Ihiji;  luit  it  was  ii.<t  il,e:iii-d  ]^r  id^iit  to  ad- 
mit moieilian  ei;;ht  at  thi-  iiu'id)(.r.  '1  hev 'iiiiiped 
into  ihe  bo'.t  'A'ith  the  jivund  nlaeritv  ot"  i.  Iwld.ieii  y, '- 
inj,  to  a  fair,  a;-.d  having  110  iiitt:;iti!);i  of  mil^hiet'  a- 
p;ain't  oi:;'  peoj  I ;,  ilifrovered  no  ipprelu  uilo;!  ofli  irm 
fr;ini  them.  '1  hey  laiig  Uvral  o(  their  country  longs 
while  they  wer,-  m  the  lioat,  and  \vii?n  thev  came  on 
boarci  did  not  exprels  either  the  euri;)ri,v  or  wonder 
which  the  nuihiplicity  of  objeJis,  to  them  cipially 
ftrani^e  and  d.upendons,  that  at  once  piel'eiiie  !  them- 
feives,  nuj,ht  be  luppoied  to  ex.ne.  When  taken 
do\v;i  into  the  c.diia  tiiev  kioked  ,d"oiu  with  i;i'cat  in- 
ditferenc,  till  one  of  them  happe-R\i  [o  call  his  eyes 
upon  a  !oiikin;:;-;.;l,ils,  w  hicli  atljrded  them  intiniiedi- 
verii-in.  'Idv  y  .vlv  u.i-ed,  retreated,  .uui  played  a 
tlionfand  tiiik->  bit  .  e  i;,  linf;lun;i,  exceliiveb',  and 
talking  very  carncir.y  t  .  ca.  h  mlier.  Some  beef,  po:k, 
l.i  I  nut,  anil  other  a;i!^ie-  o!  ih.c  ihip'-.  p.  I'o  villous,  beiii'.; 
fei  beioie  tncm,  the',  e.i:  o.  ihe;'.i;ndire;ii..iii.i:.ly ;  Ina 
Avoul  i  drmk  nothi'.  ;  la;t  v'-  'r. 

When  rond'K't.d,  'dir..u,>,lioiil  the  lliip,  t'ley  h,'  iked 
at  noihin_;  wiih  nncli  attention  except  the  animal  . 
'I'licy  examined tlv.l'(j;;s  and.  llKepwitiilomei  v.:  ioiitv, 


!)r;.vei 


j)i,.yei,  ai  he  tuapitnily  hi'f.d  up  l;:.-.  l.anc.s  and  eye,-: 

to  the  hiMvciis,   and  lj>i)ke  in  ,1  mannei    oid  toiiedit- 

iiccn  (iblcivrd  in  tlieir  cornmon 

It.  med   1  1  be  rather  fting 


'ra\  er 


l^eople  coi;lt:  n,it  di'.dngnilh  one 


and  ' 


to  the  hiL'lielt  dc'ree  with  tiieGoi- 


rea  hen^  and  tnikies.  I'liey  d.id  nut  feem  to  deii  c 
any  tliinj;  except  apparel,  and  only  one  of  them,  an 
oLl  man,  af];"d  for  that.  Captain  \\',ir.is  p^r.uiiied 
him  with  a  p,iir  ot'lhocs  ami  buckle-,  and  {^.ive  toeacli 
of  the  others  a  canvas  big,  in  which  were  p:it  iome 
needles  ready  threaded,  a  few  flips  of  i  loth,  ,1  knife,  a 
pair  of  Iciflars,  (ome  t.iine,  a  few  beads,  luomb  and 
a  i'jokinf;-p,kils,  with  fume  new  lix-penees  :i;ul  half- 
pence, thro;ia,Ii  wliich  a  liole  had  been  drilled  that  was 
fitted  with  -i  rildmn  to  li:ui_:i,  round  the  neck.  They 
were  ofleretl  fome  leiives  of  tob.ico  ro!,.-d  tip  into 
what  are  lallctl  lli;;irs.  They  lino  iked  a  little,  Imt 
«.lid  not  feem  to  en|oy  it.  When  they  we;e  Ihewn  the 
great  guns,  they  diil  not  appear  to  h.ive  any  11  nion  of 
their  iilc.  W  hen  the  marincf  were  d,rawn  vip  in  order 
to  go  through  part  of  their  cxerule.  and  the  iird  volley 
was  fircii,  they  were  l>i-u(  k  with  ailonilhnicnt  and  ter- 
ror. 'Ihe  oKl  man,  in  partitular,  threw  hiiiifelfon 
the  deck,  p  limed  to  ;he  miiikets,  and  then  llrikint; 
liis  brc  ill  w  ith  his  hand  lay  fonie  time  niiitionlets  with 
liis  e\ts  Ihiit.  Hy  thi;,  it  wa^fuppofed  he  meant  to  in- 
tliiatethat  he  was  not  iiiuK  ijiiaintedwith  tiic-annsand 
their  laial  I  li'tds.  The  re  !,|Vl;-.^  tliecrev  meiiy  ,ind 
finding  themlelves  unhurt,  loon  lofumc.l  tlieir  cheiu- 
iiilnefs,  and  heaid  -lie  fenjnd  ;ir.d  thud  volley  liied 
without  niuch  emotion;  but  the  old  man  coiuinuej 
prollrate  upon  the  deck  fome  lime,  and  never  leco- 
vered  his  Ipiiits  till  the  tiiinc;  was  over. 

Heinj;  tn.ide  to  iiiuk;l',ind  by  fij;ns  that  thclhip  was 
pruceeding  fan  ler,  and  that  they  mult  go  on  Ihoie, 
they  dilcovcrcd  imicli  ielii('lance  to  eomplv  :  all,  how- 
ever, except  the  old  man  and  one  moie,  were  ;j,ot  into 
the  boat  without  much  ditiiciili)  ;  but  thefc  (lopped  at 
the  gaiig-ivay,  where  the  old  m.in  turned  about,  wcrt 
towaidi  the  Item,  atul  llood  loine  time  without  fpeak- 
WHV     IJc  then  utteretl    «li;.t  was  fuppofed  to  be  a 


fcieiii  I:  1.11  wdiat  ha 
com  CI  Ltiii'ii.  1  lis 
than  la:d,  fo  tii.it  o;: 
word  iiom  another. 

When  (Captain  Waliis  iniirnaied  to  him  tl;u  it  wal 
expedient  tor  him  to  go  into  the  Iioat,  he  pointed  to 
the  tun,  and  tilen  movinp;  his  hanil  round  to  the  well 
paufed,  looked  in  hi?  lace,  laughed,  a:id  pointed  to 
tlie  llioie.  I!y  this  it  v.:'.  eafy  to  iind,e;l'aiv'  rhat  lie 
w  illied  tolh-.y  on  boaid  till  fun-let,  an.l  no  little  paius 
were  t:-.ken  to  convince  him  of  the  necefnty  of  his  go- 
ing into  the  boar.  \t  length,  however,  he  went  over 
the  lliip's  lide  v.ith  his  companion,  and  whsn  the  bo.it 
j->ut  oil  they  all  beg.m  to  ling,  aiul  continued  theirmer- 
rinient  till  they  got  on  Ihore.  When  they  huuied, 
great  nunibers  of  thofe  on  Ihore  preliet!  eagerly  to  get 
into  the  boat  ;  but  the  olilcers  on  board  havliiii  |-ioli- 
live  orders  to  bri.tg  none  <.f  them  oil",  to  their  ^^reat 
iiiortilicati.in,   preventcti  them. 

The  molt  remarki.ble  .inimal  of  this  country  is  the 

riiianico, which  in  ll.-'.e,  make,  and  col, )ur,  refeml-des  a 

(.hxr ;   but  it  has  a  hump  on  its  back,  and  110  horii'. 

They  are  \  ei  y  ihv  and  vcrv  fu-ift.     Some  parts  ab.nind 

with  leals,  ut  which  upon  one  I'pot  our  people  killed 

i  above  liln-,  many  of  them  larger  than  a  bullotk.     i  hf 

;  tvgershere   are  very  ravenous.     A  pirt  of  the  iliip"; 

:  crew  being  lent  ondiore  to  feti  h  f  imc  vu  i;iico  .  which 

'•  had  b.en  I'lot  the  night  before,  they  fjund  nothing  Itfc 

I  except  tl:e  bones,  tlietygcrs  having  devoured  theilelli, 

j  .md  even  cr,icked  the  bones  to  come  at  the  marrow. 

;\n  o.'iicer  uji.in  an  excurlion  lliot  a  tvger-cat,  a  fmall 

,  l;-ut  veiy  liereeanimal, for  though  it  was  much  v.ound- 

'!  ed,  if  maintained  a  veiy  iharp  eontell  w  ith  a  do<7  for  a 

i  conli-'.erable  time   bet. ire  it  was    killed.     There  are 

!  abundance  of  hares,  the  Iklii  of  wdiich  is  very  white 

land   of  excellent   tbivour.     A  great  number  of  dogs 

I  were  ken  w  ith  the  natives,  w  hicli  were  fuppofed  to  l.'e 

j  kept  for  the  purpoleot  chafing  the  wild  luiimals  which 

I  fervetliem  for  tooil.     'Idie  horleswere  well  maile  and 

nimble,  and  in  general  fourteen  hands  high.     'I  hele 

as  well  as  the  dogs  feemcil  to  be  of  a  Spanilh  breed. 

The  horfe  furniture  were,  a  laddie,  ltir;->;ps  and  bridle. 

The  men  had  wooden  fpiiis.     One  in  particular  was 

oblerved  to  have  a  large  pair  of  ft;ch  as  are  worn  in 

S|iain.    The  women  had  no  Ipurs.    They  rode alhidc, 

and,  as  well  :is  the  men,  evinced  great  relolutiiin  and 

dexterii\'  in  horfemaiilliip,  for  they  fearleisly  galKiped 

over  a  Ipot  wdiere  the  llones  uere  veiv  loofe  and  llirj  ■ 

pery. 

In  fome  nans  of  the  country  birds  are  io  numeio;:;, 
that  Commoilore  Hyron  fivs,  when  tlu-i-  tofetliey  lits- 
rally  darkened  the  iky;  and  as  thcv'  w,ilked,ttie  egv's 
were  l"o  numerous  tint  they  trod  iipoiuliem.  AniOHe!; 
the  rcll  w-:is  one  very  remaikable  tor  its  plumage  and 
magnitinle.  The  head  lelembled  th.ii  ,il.in  eaele,  ex- 
cept; ih:it  11  hail  a  large  comli  upon  it.  Isoiuid  the 
neckwii.a  white  rull'exacUy  idemblinga  lady's  tip- 
pef,  the  f'-athers  on  the  back  were  .is  black  as  jet, 
and  as  bripju  :is  the  lincll  pi  lilh  could  render  that 
mineral.  The  legs  v.ere  urnarkably  liiotig  and  'ari^c, 
the  taloiis  were  like  ilvile  of  an  e.itde,  except  mat 
I  they  were  not  li)  ll).'.i[i,  and  the  wings,  when  e.v- 
j  tended,  mealured  fiom  point  to  point  no  let's  than 
I  eight  feet.  'I'hc  olliich  is  very  large  hcie,  and  con- 
llitutes  pa' t  of  the  kiiKUif  the  natives.  Our  |  eople 
eat  of  their  eggs,  a, id  thought  them  vcrv  good. 

1  here  fee med  to  be  jilcnty  of  lilh  on  the  coall,  and 
many  porpoiles  were  leen  twimming  after  tlic  Ihips, 
that  were  as  white  as  fnow,  witli  biaik  I'pots,  a  very 
uiKonimon  but  bcautitul  light. 

Of  vegaidiles  there  is  no  iiartieular  account ;  in- 
deed, the  country  is  reprclented  as  being  barren  in 
the  extreme. 


*|:i    '4 


^  iibr 


i!' 


1 


( 


A  svx:,  KO\ 


AN.)    a 


l:illi;\i 


AMFF.l.W. 


m 


ff.-- 


ir 


|i 


Hi 


4^* 


!<«, 


■i  '*i 


m 


/■.  .S';.-.;;/:!  <•/■  M 


/) 


J'. '..J.'.-.'.;. 


c 


GM\U;l):-)!ir,  Hvio:i  o!^k-;v< 
1 


■i,  tli:-.t  oil  1;;^  il'j- 

pirtinc    !i  i:'i    I'.it.isionia,    id  jxil';  tluin'-Ji  ilic 

'iirri.  ill:, r.:r,h  ill!.' I'll. '  JMiMW 


Sti;i:tSiit'M.v_^ 


;  vc;  ■,  r.iiM 


Kk'  lH-i!i;M;Kn  i\'niir 


il; 


b. 


i:'.i!i.;n  oiu'k'  1.1  will  llunc,  \\  ho 
-  !  Jill'   '.s  il'.c'.'   V.  t  ;i.'  ill   li'ilii. 


.lO   UiIUl'   l;l  .U.l 


I'M  iiu'  In 


■>v.:\'\  It 


li.ul  huM  I  1.  :   i'.\ 
IKMi:  o:i  ''..'.i  I'l. 

'l".!'J  ihl]i  ^•.^^.li 


MOV  t,;.;t   I'.Hll.'  V.  Cl; 


1  :\;ichor  imi  :"a'. 


■•rss  i; 


1,^   1. 


il'lt  'il  i  '"1  WlIU';-. 

i.i:i:.  i.riU'  ilouii 


Mltl!' 


.  W  :!Vin:'  .l!U.  lull'      1. 


tor  .1  1 
Co  111  n. 


'IJ,  Ir.'.K'  ;  l.'.:l  .1-.  i'.::i  .'^.mpIi.'  v,  i;'!i..,l  ixi,  i,ic 
.[o.c  .v.i- 'ii'.v.  illiiii^  to  (.liij.lox  iIkiii  111  !i  i'..'iiii; 
vu ,  .r  ,1  t!i.'  lIu'i.lll^,  U 


tlK-ii  hiiiJi.:  II  1. 1'.- 


l^.■l^,  lit  k'llLitl 

TIk-  <-■...:, 111. 
Frt-lh  Waur  I' 


1 1'. 


..o.r   "ioiiiji  111  his  liuiit  in    kai't'i  ot 
\',  Iwulv.'.!  \.  Ml  ..11  uti;Li.r  upon  S.iiuly  j 


.  oir.t.  wl;c:(.-!lu\  iou.'u 


wx. 


]'k':il\  ol  uooti  luul  vci  \ 
ill 


iKi  t   ;■  t..;r  01  iiw  miles  tin.' llioic  w  ii^  cxvu.' 


0\\:-   tl 


iiv  :.:rv,  \.  .m  a 


it,    to 


.iiiu   ilurc   IS  a  iiiK-   kVLi  i 
ill  .i;i;ii.-araiii  c,  is   vcrv  i 


lor    ill  ■  .Vo.ill  1  V'...s  cu\(.lLd  u  nil  ti 


is  ot   V. 


U;. 


11  Ml'I  li 


Hi-.    l.ll'.uM. 


.Jt 


K- 


v.i'.'.i  then'  trai'ianc 


alir 


ll 


iiiiiiin:.":  a. 


^.fii  i;u. 


IXtd 


\\  II  li  a   lAio.u    r.u 


iai>  ■>..i-   I 
inb:i-  it 


.\..:  LiiifL-  i  I  i-Moam'  •■ ':i\-  {ecu  irmv 
-  iLwliii-f,  •..  i.iv  11,  t.oii;  tin' I   toiiii  ai-'.! 


.1  I'.K.:  i 


iia"!.",  iJia    lao 


ii.c  I  ).;  It'  i4  i.iv ir  v.a 


Ik,  ikiriiiij  V.  liiili  llii'Cor.i- 


'•u.\'.o:  jain'.  oliict,  lou.ul  i;ii.u  picnu  ot  liur  t.cin 


V.  itli  m-  It  iiuu! 


tc!,  ,is  ai  liiiii. 


II, .t  li.L- J'av  tlv  \-  l.ioi'lu  lo 


t.n  \'  k  .1  i.l 


.t  tiu 


ts  Ol'  u  I,  "^  ar.i^  c. 


tin-  ll 


clia:.-,  v.iiK  ll  i:;'!.:iii.\i  (.i  liiiv  c  hccn  \  civ  i.ili.  I'  ikll-il- 
lin.-:.  l!'(\  Ikki  kip.'.il'.ai  V,  cu-  iiaiiily 
crr.n^iilllHxl.  1  iitv wc:;'  i 
anil  al  '.ays  clulc  t .)  iiiOi 
:"i  I.;  1  iiicni;,  ol'wik!  t  .!■.■ 


:-iii.'  ol  I  he  v.o. 


Ik; .     In  :i,an\  plati.--  v, .  re 
,   a:ul  a  vaiie'y  ot    pi  ints 


;c.-.l  h.-iieli;  to 


n  ..1;  I  a 


Ion  ;  \o)aiv-'. 
peo-'ic  !i)  v.i: 


c.ik.'i  lii'.ce  tl 


;;  .;:(1-  h 


11  .'ar  ot    tills   pl.i'j   in.iiie   ilif 


at    ll.vV    c 


1    I: 


Cot. 


[ll  -  ikd   to  lliu'i    to, IK'   ol 


in  li.iu'.iiiL!,  the  I'.iiic,  a-ul  otiiers  on  llvue  v.  iiii  ;';..  n 
;.',,:n-.  Sixty  verv  !ii,:e  ir.'i!!'.;-  '.\  eie  t.'.k:.!  -I'h  ihe 
i'fine,  a;ul  the  J,'..nnei .  li  ul  ';,-■■),{  |,,v,.t,  I  •  t'.ie  pi  lee 
geel'J,   te.ii,    I.iip- ■,   aiij  oli.el    tiulb 


\-.u::  :<:  mi    1  .itaivmi  i, 
11   n  V.  nil  ill,  li.joil  11  :e 


.Ik  u.r..k-'.l   v.'iiii 

lii.H  \.  I'.-e  c.vcent  i'lt  lo'ii!. 

L.i,  I  .1.1  \v'.i.i I  .  oil  iir,  '' 
t  :■  -'  in  '  ilie  .  i..;i:  .  .->  .M.i 
Iv  '.,,nC'i|:.  \l  .'01  i  Ii:y....':  i'lc^...^'.)  Wnm  iii.it 
i.  .  k  I '.  1..  .  ,  .1...  Wiitn  1  liii;- ■j.jt  aljieall  of 
I'll  p'.i',  I.  \  !'  'Oil  el.  I'j  ■•'.t  >  I.:.' :i;,i:  e,  w  heie  tlicy 
ol'i'-."..  J  1  '  .1  ;.•' 'U':ei.- • ,  ...   I   1  .  .r,',' ot  ilic  r.ativeb  v,:i 

ho.k.'...  !..  ■,  ■;  1  ;.  .nu-.l  •  •  .  I'rioil'.i;  .  I  l ',,.;;.  W  iiell 
t  1./  1;  ),.'■.  ...  I  .  ;  ...  li.  ..  k..  ,  ;..■,  '.o  the  lo'int!  y  at  a 
•^ix-.i:  :.\[-  ,  a.'l  ...r..  p...l,;i..  y  mc  I'.niti  is  v.iiii  ihcir 
fling  11.  tir.r  ha"., I-  leiul)'  i  .  '.i:.-  ea'.k  I'lii  neither  ..! 
'.Ini.i  \..!    l.'.kin  v.'h.k' oliT  pe  .;  k   ..  eie  W  I'lilll  light. 

H.iMiii'  '-    na;  to  ikM  hoi   i.tio...l    luce  miles  fioni  llie 
(lio:e  '.'..    !'.  .I'o      1  ...  e   k    ...il  ki^e  lires  a-lae:iil  ol 
I  i\:  !■■  i  )oi:i  400  ol  them  were 


'lie  iMp,  aiKl  .11  In'.'  ;iv  11 

t,.eii  eiK.::r.' Ill  iii   .1     .lu    ■         n    valicv   I  etv.ceii   l\ 

lii'l  ,   '.Mill  ilie.:- li  oik     tl  .•,  .i.j,  iieli  ie  ilieiii. 

O.i.ii-.inj^!^  r,"-''*^   1.1:.,!..-  ;  t  the  iiaiives  on  liorles 
a  ii'.'i'  if  tlie  ll.ip,  an.;  I  ei"-.'  i-.r.  'ii  ii.  iiinierlliiiui  liy 
.1  lliis  i.a  .  ih,    I  !  ,1  e  V.  I','    e  C  M.ir,"iloie 
li  the  loiile-i.ui       :i'  ilie  kill  iiiali,  Cip;k".ili 
I'lL.o    1,1  '. '.r   10   ■  i;e  llloic,    hut  u  iih  ui  ih  1  . 
.J,  I'lS  the  il.ii'..  •,'. , ; .  '.l  k.'O  i.;;  e..;  ;;  ilil'.iiie  .  10 
'"'i' ■  .l.iCii   .  ...1  ll.eii' let'jUi,  Itp^r'.'.'l, 


in    :iiii.r 


W  li'i     :   !•:  ; 

i:a;.:.:.J, 

I'lOl'.M    '!i..,, 


'..1!   I' 


■  11  I. :\  1 


I  •  i'  '  kie  i.l 


;  I.'  :.ii 


,e»   '.:(■  1     .1  10  1 


an.!  ih  -kuh  1  h! 

!olh:'0,i.u,  n„;i,i 
i>  >ii:k  iir\  the  wo. 
i:ii::   e.'  ;".■   or   I'l 


.■.1  k.  .1 
.1   an  I 


'K.ii'o  .i.ii.M  ; 


ilth  ■  Ih.o  ,\.i.i 


11  t-.  ...le.ili. 


l.!e  I  '•  I 
■1  PI  .- 


I   ■  t 


i.i.i:.'    I  iin: 


I  ,iri  1  n..i 


o  '.ii'l,-  1 


\Mlll  llli 


.ii:.ei..l\   I'l'.wii'.eO  !.  -ni  ■.'•.ili.i': 


ko.ii  ;   ilMi  tlie\  [ll  ,'k  Ilk 
ll  Kio,  ;in,l  a  teu  t."  >,  1 


to. lie 


.iineoes  ani 


\.  nil  '.onie  111 


iiiil  ni  .Kiiu; 


lliev  u...iiuil  ilie 


r,-  [■:  n 
,  iii:I  1:1. 1!  :'i'  \  iijol.;  iii.it 


link 


e  i!ien;le!\e'>  uliileilo 


.  nil 


,1 


that  nman.'' 


liie\  eoiiKl  oliMin  no  ul;  ,ii.n:en' ,   I'lev    i.i.'e.i   ah 


li;i!  le,  iiu'.  ;i.. 


till'  ir.oiein  leaieii  ol  lieili  '■'. 

anee  ol  .1  ii\';ki,   iliev  un.MU.!    >n  iri.';,'. 

,\l  /'.",'  /,//■/  ,,•.   wh.eie  li.iih  oar  na',  h'  .O'l's 
e,!,  ilie   S|..i:ii.ii'.is,   in   ke    'e.i'    15.11,   ....ill,; 


.hiihth,-  i.;lle.l  I' 


10;'  C.i\' 


V.  ..Ill 

kt  I  ■ 


lie. 


\i  ;\    I'll 


a  tlioi  I  1:1 


;..!  ,C,i,-er!..n 
n.i.lii  a  i  ive.l  1 


Uki  k  .1  I.l  It  ..  e,  1. 
1  lir.  I  i-:,!;l'i  l<.i\i 


I'l.a.i.   a 


llil  \,\    K.'.\: 


t.k. 


ll    ll 


Ic 


.;.    ..     llie  t 

i.i.   M  iii\ 


I'lll 


!  'i  le  1..  :,i\ 


.1  :he  I..;.;!, 
•t'  Im.k,  ol 


\ii\ 


Ik.il 


1  K  k  ~  ,     1.  .    1  ,     1 1 1 1 . 

,1  ol^.  1  ,,rUi' 
.  I  in  1  ill  .10. ..a  ll 
low  ,.[  h  .IV  ■■,  ..; . 


fonii' 


Iii  II! .  I'l  ..a, 


1.  iK.ia  •!  Ik.i  .1 
'  I..1'  .ii>  .i.;i  lliu  . 
■n  .1  iiu  11,1  it  .ik 
;.  k  les  I'^ailiM  i 


;t  k 


i|U  .1  leii.  oi  ,1 


III   LiJ   I   khii.      It   '.'..I.   I'.  :;ia  not  onlv  I'liiii  L.lt,  b 


il.ili'.'eioii  ,  t 


t  lip  lir 


eani  1 .  vn  \  1 


mil   111  .li\    ..  oilli'S   .;t     i; 


■li 
lie    hiiklcn   i.iKk 


I  I  link'  ll. 


1; 


.\     th     ..l'l;'ll    k.H      h    lit. 


i'li.ii,  aiul  Ilie  ua  I. .11  ll!  ...lur  in  .i.i  iinkiin.  1  !:■_• 
ho.. I  \..is  J.;.. I  .1,1  ill  .le,  .iml  a.ii  1 1>  .lols,  '.viili  |.aea;  il'it- 
lii  i.hy,  ii.r.ikii  lip  i.po:i  me  ll.!-'  '.I  ih-    i,  ei',  \k.ei;  ihc 

h.oh.  u.islioppeil  ;  l.i  thai  a  link  '■'. i,ie  to  •;,,■.  he; 

il.ui  n  to  the  nioulli  1,1  (he  I  i\ei ,  v,  hiie  .iie  \.  .is  ji.  ip^i - 
ly  i',p,iii-iil. 

(Vi  i.ii  II  fuk- it  ihi-  ilvi  1' .lie  llie  linell  tr  e  e- er 
ken.  (.' 'iii'iiD,!.  y^■  li>  I  .11  v.is  o;  o|,iniiin  k..;;  1  le.' 
Wo  .i.i  l';j'pl_\  the  iJi.;;!;i  ...;v\  '.iiih  t  ;,■  De'l  ri'.,:>  i.i 
thew.iiiii.  .'si'ilie  ol  iliiU.i.'.  o,  ,i.'.i...c  !ki.  .11,  :;  1,1 
more  ill. in  eiL^'n  lee,  111  .ii.iaii.tir,  \'.  ii.  1.  1  •  pr,  ;  01  li  u- 
..'ilv  iii'iie  than  el  ih:  '.  .iril-  1.1  .  p'l  .■..  t  .  1.  ;  l.iil.iic 
Inn'  nun  '  .liiii.^  li.l:...;  i.;  1;  ..la,  i  ■,.'.'.  ■.  1.  i  mijm.'s 
I'.-n.  A  ..ii<'.  :i .  rs  iw.'i  e  I  nriil  i:.v  ,  _  1.  ;  !  i  ,  c. 
\.  ini.i'  Ian  ;.,   in  ;^.i'i'  a  y!   :.tr . 

In  kie  iv  o.kIs,  n..r,'.  ilh,  .;..ilir,!'  til.  i  iil'  !  I'l'ihe 
eliniate,  iheic  aic  almii'liin  e  ol  piii...  .,1  1  i.::i  : 
linik  ui  liio.l  l)e'iiitil;!i  p'l'.iiii.;;"-'  1  '.'■  'i.e  <i!  .c 
every  ilay  lliol  p.iile  .oiil  oi.i  k'-  en  1  _:■  1  .  ik  .  r  '.,,•, 
ov.n  tahk' an.l  le' .'i.il  ■..h'.i',;  .'i.iie,'  _  :ie  ■  .  .■-,'' 
lllk.'.hl  h.i\e  iloi.e  ile'  I.i  k.  .  I  i.'.e  '..  1  .  ;  .  .  i,  :  .,1 
pli  nty  ot  lull  I  i  ;o\  ili.i.i'  1.1   ill  1.11!  ■  ;   I   1.'    .  ,  11 

\\„'.  e  ui^lit  e\  1 1 '.  (.!,i\    i.l.iM  i  ih''  ..h    1.  l!ii 
pi'i',.      luiii'.i,  10. 1,  h  on  ill.  11  ,   ilie  l.'...n.l.".l 0 
eil  iiiin',   wi  ll  1.1  II,  .  in  iIil    l.'nl,   kill  nen, 
Miny  liiil',,  or  ',1 1',  v.  4111' ,   \,e.'.  ioiin.l,   k  ■.  1 
ilian  \i  1-  iiKi  'i.  i.ii. 


l.'i. 


The  e ounti^ 
warii,  w.iiL'hi 
the  loll  ,i[i|reii 
lar;';e  k'V  ;,  in 

While  C'lil 
V.  ';;il  u'l!  n  :l  p 
they  ink'nik'.l 
iiee.inie  |i  h- '. 
theo.',  .01,!  inai 
weie  '\,t  th.."'- 
ptl  ih:  111  'i.l. 
whi.h  l.iv  hall 
was  111'!  uu  n 
lli.-v  p.  ■  e!\e.l 
la.  :.';  ..  ...1  •.:■,. 
!  .'  1  ll.    1'    ■'  a' 


fl 

a', ; 
i    1 

V     '. 

.1 

1- 

1 

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i.-Ca, 
lie   .1 
k .  n . 

till- 

i 

.\  • 

li,l    w 

V. 

,1. 
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1 . .  . 

\i  :, 

a. 

;.. 

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1 

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ki  :;.        1 

li;.'        ■/■'•'    a" 
,l,;,.i,     i.,.  •, 

!■.!'■      '  I'      •• 

ki;,;  ;  ,       :..'.. 

the  loiii.l  I  >  I 
I  hi-  tinii  llee 
(i,  ;  u.r.  im 
k.pt  op. 
llie  te;;l  ;  1 
tieiii  kiiii  '.' 
an.!  I  lien,  i 
diii,  ;  a; 
4I.U'.  ■■.: 
l  ]■:■  a 
C.  ■■:  ;  .1 
j  u,'.  i:.,iiv  ;' 
I'av  1  .'(' 
.-.■,1,.\,  k 
eel'..  \  \vi 
w  .'1.  |.e-is  ai 
theie.I  ^;e 
(i.i;;l'ti:v, 
1.01  ih.i.n, 
,  iiv.i!  1  i  ti-e 
liie:'..  i.'  ;  n; 
lip.'  1  ,  'a.i 
M'l    1,1   .1   t.ill 

boa  ■.:. 

liu'.'i,  ea'i: 
v.'  .  i  1 1  I ! ' :  ' . 

I'l,,',    ll.  o, 

An  o.iii 
plue'..  .1  , 
111  ore  ai  re\ 

WOOil  iUl.l  u 
ti'.liil'enie^ 
b'i  111    em  ; , 
w.is  ripe  ; 
liloh-'iii,    1 
lailv   leil. 
pleiiiN  ol  li 
to    ihe    lioi 
ducks,  't^ei 


■■   ; '' 


V.   ■.  ..  ,1   ,i:i  ! 
l.il'i'  M.i:  ,M  ; 


,    "    I    I'.   Jl    ■!- 

ir,:i  ^  ;  I  I. It 

I,  lll.^  .;.•,: 
.!•;  1:1, '>  i!k- 

.    b,r   .!,    1   .. 
.,;:.•  !r;;.',  1.)' 

II,  :\Ji-  li:  II 
V  iiJ'lM  nut 

1  h.it  ;iiii'i:i.^ 

'..ill  .;  .■•■  :), 
I  it  ..I.  i  ..1) 

.•  I.'  I  .•■.;  ji 

.';■-      1    ;h:u 


I.,,,,,,-,    k 
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'  .V  ■;  .  t!i;'' y 

-■'.    -i    ;.:'      ;..i 

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. .  ; . ; ;  1 J  \.  .1 . 
.i\  Im-.  ,  ,1  !;  1j 
^^  .'  II  i',!ii..'.'.;'r 
■;,  I  .i::i.'.,.i:r 
r,  I  !,i.c-lKi,:j.. 
.,  Iru  ll:;  luu:; 
.!.  l;.c.'.,:  :t  ;. 

.  -    1(11  .!  U  1;     Oi    .1 

'-•  ■  .1.  Ii-i;.  r;il  -s 
.d  it  ill.;'  ■\::o.c 
ly  I'lirKi.U,  I)  :t 
;  viUii  i:.  V  i.i  \  :  :- 
AAcw  i.iul. ;■  it, 

I   i.  itr./.i;  .  I'lhtr 

I   iiiii.i;:!.       1"1:-,' 

'.vicli  ■_:;\\\:  vrt- 

I  >  tr,  w  ..(.; ;  I'lC 
.lie  to  ;^.-.  iu'i 
.ill.'  \>.l!.  jji   rvi- 

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.iiiiuti  t'.,.i;  I'KV 
.■  1)1 'I  r;  ;  :■>  i.i 
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1.  ;  ■  i';\  ;  d: ii  u- 
.  ;.  ;  |..  ,;.-;t 
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I  \:-'^ '  '  ■.  <'• 

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.;■  1 .  r  ...• :... 

;      :  11'  I    .    ■•'■>'' 

h'  .  ,  111  J  ,.  I.;'. 
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11'., '. .  1    .    i  .  ■ 

.    !.■:    .,    ;.i:.  1..- 


AMFR!-,\. 


i;  T  II     AM.  r.  R  1  C   A. 


.-.niiy  !■'  -t-.'/ccn 
ii.li  ■  ■  dill  im  . 


('.•It  F, 


i  C 


tliC    1  Ml  .IP, 


1  ;h'  ;'i'.'it' 


1.1 


ill'-'   !'■ 

Willi 


P.r.t. 


C'ln  ii  ■.!• 


■  11  I  \\    i;i 


111  lir.>  I 

l\vt    ]• 


wltu  :l  ■'  I' 


t  >  y 


o 


Pv.-t  Ey:: 
moiii-  ot  il 


MU'.K 


tllCU  I'l 


:\\  L  , 


]r,;-c   Pyi-'Hi   in 
l!;^>   Adiniral- 


ly,    is  I'lii:  ot  iIk-  li.iLll  h;i  li'iiHa  i-i  ;lij  v.Mi'ld,  nivMt 

i..l|--:l..i.)Us,    t!i  .1  ll;J  V.  lv)l-.- 
wiili  iu'r{',-'l  (.<'v  ■;  V  l.-nii 


ij'.U'.ip.  ii.'.vv  ini.'lii  ncii.' Ill  It 


ipc 


:'.U 


I 


1  tvc;  \ 


1   Iviin.';  out  I  '  tills  I'l.)!!  tu'.Tc  I 


ev  i;it-ni; 


t.'    11. IV 


th  . 

hc'lMIIH'    t.l     I' 

thcio.  .111.:  iii.u!.'.\  ;irr.i!  !:;i- 1 


a.'  I  i;,a.r, 


U   h    i>  ".    1: 


.11  th 
tl'.'.t    I'l. 


fvi  It; 


wcic  '\.t  ;;;../ 
p'  I  :b:  111  '.,1, 
wlwli  l.v  !i;il 
\v;i-.  ill'l  u.-.i  II 
tli.-v  p-   ■  f!\i.-.l 


h.      1 


i:-,i  i:u   in  1.0  W  I 


I  I 


'!.:■  t; 


t^i.y    ll.jp- 


ki;u!:.-,l 


1)  i  'IV   :l^  a 


.■ii:V  o.  i, 


■;li 


!l;ipt•^,  and  otlur  lilr-.I",  ;iri'  !'i  tunu-;.'  1-,  'i:  11  ilic 
pL' gre-.v  tired  ot'  ill-.' 1'.     \'".',i.i,i.  li)..vV.i.   \<  w-.x 


'.i.'t  .jt 
lucks, 
peu- 
■air.iii<>' 


I  ,1  1  ■  !  1 1 1' .  .■■I'l 
:,  .  I'l'.-  Ci,  ^  lO 
I    ,'.   Ill  1 1'.'   .d>  n. 


1. 1.1  lii.;  I L'! 
■.!,  tlu-v  v,.i 


llKld 


\v.  N    \V.       I- 


'.vliiLii  liicy 
,  .1-1    1  u  as 


\ilV  CiMS 


I,  1  ■.  l.wivi  'ii.  1;:  111'.!;:  .  In  uk-  Imk  ■. 
Ill',;  ill.    ilioii.;    I)  i;h'    ii'.iiiu.ud    is 
;    ,>ii;.,i  liL'iP  '  ii,  :"ii.;!i\  .iLiLijo  covjr- 


'\  iK.i    .mil    1 


.  L-      II 


,v\\.  w  111 


V,W   C'lul   111 


!uTf,    except  il  liillL    llliU  i-.  !.HI!id   ,u 

p.iiis  of  tlic  ilii.'rc. 

Airoiu;  ii:l;c:-  r.-lVcf!!  \vr.-    v.'ii,  I; 
dc'iirtc  l.ilrr.irv  to  tlin;, 


'iUdrk 


11  I, 


IS  (Mnii'v   I  I  iii: 


dil'ord; 

,l'ld  wo  id  fol;;  1  ill  t! 


Ill  li.iv .  i-v  ,ti  i.u-  1  l..'"i  I'iit; 
,v.i,r.\  !i.;i-.    ,i  .■   uil.l  al'T 


•illo   mull. 


Cl.lillS,   Cue 


kli. 


iiiii  II  I',)- 


Ic, 


I 


i'.ii.j  pc:ij.i!ii5  .iici:imiiiii.i-i:-ilc;    .i;i 

w.tli  Ic.i-  liiiiis.  iiiiinv  oi'  wlui  11  :iie  ol  .1.1  cii. 

r 


Us   iliMl.d    X  IS   louiul   to    I11J 


■.y  I 


1  ilC  f.'J 


r'uo, 13  li/c. 
.ilii', .     'I'lrj 


Co.n.ii.)  1  ),^-  .viis  oiu  •:  ii't.iukc.j    hv 


OIK-    ot   iii'.:;i  Wi 


ii;-.,N,'c.  i' 


Oil' I  II   u 

lii.'-l'i.i 


lUl  l!u-  liti'V.).'  i.:i:i,Liil 


ll.tt 


li  il  ui.uiv  li.itlle.  uiih  ili'iu,  .-1 
f  iidct  il  di)/.c:i  oK  tli'.-in  ,1.11  il  Hi 
ol  tlicni.      .\  Imc  uT'iiiL-  pf  ilicl 


I'.il.     Tin.  jv,):-'.'.!'  '.nlicf  iiinji 
n  1  11  il.'.-  !"i:nei.ii:K-s  nt- 

i's    «•   'i  '.  ti)  .iil'il.ltLll  011'- 


.1  very  line  in: 


diii'd. 


c  Ci  e  itui-es  .ilnv.i  1  toi 


o:ilv  ll.llUM-'■(nl^  aiiiii-..iis  t'i,i. 


.K'.ii  Km  o 


ill  t  1  loiiiid  llie  coii'l  iip-M  ilie  \\ 


ir,  ■ 


1,1. 


...1    til. 


t,  iUid 


01:  l(, .111 


p.iiii:  r. 


t'.i' 


ill. 


iu  ln^  reiurii,    1 


Il  '.t  to-;;-  I.e: 


.iliii'.i;  V.  'lives,    i.in  iii'  i  '  tli'-ir 


I  .llMlN 


llv. 


pe. 


)iMe  111  In-;  Li  ■  u,  ill': 


I  ,1; 


i-iK. ,  I  1  ;:  r  e  no  hre-.iiir.s  \. 


iliev  iiii  I  I  il  ii'. 


itely  piii  til'.-  Iio.it  od'iutodeep'.x.ilei.  Oil  tlie  r,,Mtiieri\ 
di.iie  the  oflicer  .liteiw.uds    tound   one   of  tlic  i:ir;;eil 
lie  b;).u's  ci.'.v  v. ere  we  !  .u.ii- 
d  liiiii,  iuid,    d.iiiii::  the 


l^.i-l. oil.  (.\  u  leen. 

c,i  lIiLV    i.-iiiuediiielv   civ. 


1  Olltcl 


ilie  ot  tile  i.'llu  |-  ii:uni.ils 


leer,  i  iiiunij,  lo- 


a,..l   li 


Uili.'.S   V.'X 


puleiit 


1  le  w.is  tired  M  het.iie  he  c.iii.c  ii)\  iiii.l 


1,   killed;   li 


loui'.'i  t,ie  L'jiiiiii  1 


,1     e  V.  ilhe.l  th..'. 


ii.ui  taken  nun  iilne,  wnuii,  11  iiie>.  iia.l  been  .r.v. 


tl.e  loiii. 


nuiii.ie   liec.iui,    1110:  ^ 


1  '.I-    t!:rn     I'eer.    u  .1-.   I  e!i. 


I'll-  the  1- 


e  u.is    inillKui  '.iv  l\' 


.1,   .i-id 


.1   e.  ;;;i.iiit   hi, 


kept  I 
tlic  lei 


1 


,l.d  the    he. lib    i',0,-,1    iiu.idi 


l  ;   I  lit  l'.  (.  V  Co:  i.;i';ed  M  piou  1  |-oi!:i'l  it  iU  .1  hl- 


tledi  ur.n  ■ 
illi.!  tiien,   I,'   lI 


4i  ill 


pK''.i'..on'  :-i 
llav  Ii  ;!e,;' 


,  r  ■'  I'll  ell 


jUi 


■1  i; 


111';'/-,  r..'  i;ie  dv,  I'l.ike 

t    liie    .l:'i'll;.',ilte.l    t'.lllol- 

■  i'.iit  1  .iiiuiie    .  ;:  deu 


1      \^.,l^!^     c 

're'l    to  tl: 
.  ;i.\    .  til  ,1  . 


.rii  s  ih.it   id 
"iiui.liu-e   ot 

iii'J,  Ills  lllili's 


aitack. 


n.U'lK,  he  tiiJii 


iht. 


ciiili'  iMvc  l)f  en  iKHie. 


W 


iiiiy  ol  tliele  ci-e.uures  g'.'t  li;;',iit  of  itiiy  of  :l;c 
ciec,  tlionoh  :u  ever  fo  great  il  diil.m'.e,  tliev  r.iii  tli- 
re.-lly  .It  ihein  ;    :liv,i  11  )  Ids  i!i.uili\eo;  ilicni  v.'eic  kil- 


111  one  d.i 


!!i 


l.LV.    'Ihc 
tl 


,v.■.\■:^  c.ll 


1;;'-  eonip.inv,  tlunigli,  except  1,1  men   li/e,  aiu 


th' 
I  the 


liiape  of  llicir  tails,  the",  1110,  c  rerciVii'iedi  t" 


'I 
a,ea>  liisi  as  a  iiiii!,.ilc-(i/.cd  nia 


(HiV, 


tlieir  fi 


rhc 

iiosai 


leni  Ilk  ililv  long  i'nd  (luirp. 


1" 


real  du.uOi-I; 


10  lii!  ill; 


o;-.e  ir.LiU 


ll'-'.ll    I    "    ti'C 


.k.iiid  li 


'  \  \v 


il.  .:i,l  j-.e  .  t. 


■le.iS  aiul  jKHi.i.l'ie 


mil  il 


\'.  :i!i  li  -.'.ei  e  boileil 
ip.  I'.luies  tlute  were  g.i- 
i|  fiuit.  lh:i'  reieniMed  ilie 
:  ';iie>\  li.it  like 
l.'ii,.     C)n    the  ,11'- 


'I  a  r.i;- 


.1!  ',i  li.e  ilii  .I'l  I'lt 


-ale    and 


lliC:;.  I. 


II 


yt-i  in  a  l,iiliU;V: 
hoa'.l.  'iliCK. 
liioie,  cati:-.!'    pi 


.11.-  ..  1. 
,    ii'ii   .1 


'1  ■    III   I.  ■-■  Il 


M.I 


An  O.lie  ■  I  ,    \'.  I' 

.,,,.,;ed. 
ore  at  lc\  ci:il  i 


■  u  .,  Oeglee,  ana 
'  I    its  appr.i  leh, 

'il'.i.c  pcloii  on 
-lie,  0.0  1  ;,  I'lc  il-  hein;;  on 
el  I'll.  ■ ,    II  111/,  oMiiied   to 

p  i':  .li-  pc.  Ions  cLan   hv 


1.  i'l   out  in  cvxA  ol  iiruhoiii 


"1  UK  ;u  upon  this  c,':iit,    th.oueh  u  1;  not  calv  t.<  ,'.'i- !■; 
h.iv.'tiiey  lull  came  thilhi.i-.  'I'Ikx-  1>"iio\\  in  the  :::,",;iij 


i.^e  toxes;  .ind  ii'  ,.  i.-vi.'i 


.h:-,h 


ijlielltls    leen 


'.1    ih 


lealltied  alioiit  riuir  lioie-, 
■1,.  I 


1 


tiire.s  ihc  jxorli.  k'  iue  t''  tlie  t',i.ii-  ;    I'J  tn.'ii  il.e  ,  ,)u.i- 

ould   reacii,    for 
mi  in  u'cat  ii'.!:n- 


tiV  was  111  il  liliixe,    as  1.1; 


I  lie  c\-. 


'ev'..ral  dav; 

Ikis  to  I'cek 

I  he  Com 


d  tlr. 


y  '.vere  leeii  1  i.ir 


01,1.  1  qu  lue;  ;. 
ni'Hr.iie,    ill  the  i 


'Uile  ot   his  r.,i;i:: 


,eil  ,u  the  cniian.ce  i'l    p  1  iiii 


'I'lul,  on  I  ic  iui|-'.!i 


ide,   till  ee  or  loe.r  lii^  • ,  ,i,.d  loon  „Uerv\.-iid.s  pi.ic;-iv^d 


iv.o  or  three  ciiiuH  ■ 


,!l..ii!;  alui  ihe  llii 


U  'erii;::i 


ic  c.inocs  caiue  up,    and  ^'ni:  ot   ilieniliad  tl.e  r.le.u:- 


iion  to  rmne  on  lioan 


,1 


'I'i; 


e  ciii.ie  w 


as  ol'  h.iik. 


.-ci:;l!  ruei. 


d,,  ami  ill 


ith 


•i.r:i,   i-i  it 


.'d   i>eeil  on 
t  ''■!  '.i  i^lenn  o\ 


wood  an^'  V,  .1!..  1  1.  !■    e  in  1 . 
craiihenies  ,uid  v.  il  ' 


b'-i  ol  ciur.iiil  III  1,    s  tl 
\\,is  rinc  ;  aiul    a 

llioll'Mll, 

lailv  icvl 


ti;ll  "f   iruit.   ih 


'1  .'  ;',1C.II  iiiini- 
'1  di  i'oiK"    Il    il 


U    ViUnf,     1 


. I'. Ill, 11  i:,;i. 


heiirni'i  "o.,  e;    o',  uiiiv  -i.  11  colours,  ,.,ii  o, 


p,.;,ie,  \c.ioy.-,  i 
plenty  ol  the  u  nuei  's  li.i  ;•■..,; 
to   the   lu)i:ini!i ,  ol    liiiro;  e. 


I    -.  !i  1;;,    hvli,.es    ule.U 

iKlullp;   '.,v.ellk;i,r.M' 

1  h-    di       levcial  wild 


ducks,  geel 


'c.  '.01  lis,  a  lia'.v 


pei.j 


on  ooa.il,  w 


lliel 


1   W'.i-c  t' 


lien  and  tv.o  wi'inen,  iln- 


nioil  mile!-:d)l 


e  w  reiciii..-  ev; 


I  leiii. 


I  Iu  V 


ill   iKlk. 


•.\ceiit  a  itiiu 


Ikiii  ihiit  wa-,  tliK'V.-n  looleU  o\  er  iheir  lll.;llldel^.  'J 


ueie  armcil,  lui\\e\ii-,   v.iin  i-)o\vs  and  aii'^iw^,   w.;i.:i 
thy  ic; 

1  eed,     iind.  p.-liiU,. 


idily  ',1,  i\i.   in    leiiiiii  toi  a  lew  iie.u 


lie  ,ii  lo\'.  1  weie  liiiKle 


Willi  a  "leen  llonc 


d  the  l)ow s  were  lluee   feet.     'I  he  cord 


iKV  w  tre  .ilioui  two  le..i  i'Mi" 


UK     I'OW 


was  ilie  I 


lied 


after  the  11 


gill  ot  Ionic  animal 


Hi'  w.is  at  .iiichor  .1  !-i ,  .ul  wl 


lor''-  River,    I 


evei.il  iii'li  ms  c.iiic  Oil 


1  .i.iid,    .iiid 


|ircltiiled  with  be.lds,  iil'boii--,   iUid  0'''iei-  triiL-,,  with 
which  tlicv  appeared  iii-,hl\    d  li  .li;   d..     Con;   i"d,.)ic 


ii 


\  loll  returned  this  vii  i  o\  no; 

7  !■: 


Kb 


tiiein, 


ta 


kinv 


.(■   k 


h    I  V 


ill? 


A  NT.W,  ROVAF.  AND  AI'TIIL.NTIC  ^^S•ll.M  ,..    L  NIVl.U.^Ai.  Ci!  Oc^R.vi'l  IV. 


■fi 


11: 


i 


* 


i  •*«[%* 


t  ik'm^  oiUv  a  few  people  w  uli  him  in  the  ho.u,  th:U  ih-' 
n.uivcs  mii;lit  ivit  ho  iil.unud  1)V  ini.ubfis.  TIk'  vili- 
ii)rs\vcix'  rcicivctl  with  iiiiMt  (.'xpitiruins  of -kiiuhu'ls, 
.uul.toiinkc  tiicm  wcUomc.  tin.'  n.iu\(.>  liro>ii:!,ht  lonu- 
hcriies,  whkh  thc-y  li;ul  j;:ulicr(.i.l  t'orth:it  pui'iiolV,  aiul 
V,  !iii:h,  wiih  ,1  ti;\v  inuHVIs,  r(.'<.-iiic'(.l  to  1k'  the  priiu'ip.il 
put,  it-'  not  tiic  whole  of  iheii'  liihlilleiue. 

The  Commoilore  haviiiiz;  lent  out  an  otilcer  in  ilie 
lio.it  to  lixik  tor  harbours  on  the  routlurii  lliore,  w.is 
int.irnied  hv  the  <it}iccr,  ni>.  liis  retuin,  that  near  Cape 
Tpi'S'it  he  had  lallen  in  uith  a  tew  Indians,  who  had 
j^ivcn  him  a  doti.  and  that  one  ot"  the  women  had  olTer- 
ei!  him  aehild  -Ahieh  was  tuekini^  at  her  hrcalt.  The 
otier  was  retuiril,  as  ",ioie  ileiiradiiuj;  to  thele  pour  for- 
lo;ii  (avaj^es  than  any  thins;  in  their  a|>pearance  onnan- 
ner  of  lite,  as  well  as  an  iniianec  of  the  llran'j!;ell  dc|ira- 
vity  ot  huaian  nature,  that  leaver  them  dellitntc  ot  at- 
*e:tion  for  their  ot!'spiiii;.>,,  or,  a  m  ill  diploraMe  litua- 
lion,  tiiat  impels  them  to  neeefiities  by  wliieli  it  islur- 
inounted. 

The  Commodore,  in  tl.c  coiirfe  of  his  patiagc,  met 


with 


vcrv  tempeiliious  v.  eather  totlie  eallwaid  ot  Cape 


Monda\-.  I  le  f.ivs,  when  the  leal'on  is  '.'o  t'lr  advaneed 
as  it  was  when  he  attempted  the  pali'age  u\  this  Strait, 
it  is  a  mort  d;:iiciilt  aiv!  dangerous  undertaking,  as  it 
blows  a  iuirrieane  ineetrantb',  nii:;ht  and  day  ;  and  the 
rain  is  as  vi>/lent  and  eonilant  as  the  u  inds  ;  w  ith  In^  h 
togs,  as  oltcn  render  it  impollilil'.- to  difuner  an)-  object 
at  the  dillance  of  twice  tiic  lliip's  leiv;th. 

Another  otlirer,  feni  out  tor  the  lame  puipol'e  as  th,e 
iormer,  having  found  two  anehorin;^  plaecs,  reported 
(Mt  his  retvirii,  that  being  on  Ihore  to  the  wellwaid  of 
Cape  Monday,  lie  had  fallen  in  with  tome  Indians, 
who  had  with  tliem  a  canoe  "f  a  eonil;-iidion  very  dit- 
terent  from  any  ihat  hail  been  I'een  in  the  Suait  btforc. 
'I'lui  vcll'el  co;il;lled  of  planks  lewe.i  together ;  but  all 
the  others  were  nothing  more  th:.i  the  barks  of  large 
Mcestied  together  at  the  tiid.s,  and  kept  open  ;  antl 
(hort  pieces  of  wood  thrufl  in  tranlVertely  between  the 
two  fides,  like  the  boats  w  hich  children  ntake  ot  a  liean- 
thell.  The  people,  he  laid,  '.>cre  liic  nearell  to  brutes, 
in  their  m.'.nner  antl  appearance,  of  any  he  had  ever 
Icen.  They  were  like  tome  which  had  been  met  with 
belore,  ipiite  naked,  notwitli'.landing  the  leverity  of 
the  V,  eatlier,  except  part  of  a  t'eal-lkin  thrown  over 
their  ihouklers.  They  ea:  tlicir  food,  w  I  i..h  w  is  fuch 
a-  11)  other  aniiiul  bv;t  a  hog  would  to'vh,  without 
any  dredhig.  They  had  witli  them  a  large  piece  of 
uliale  blubber,  u  Iiicli  llunk  intolerably,  and  one  of 
them  tore  it  to  pieces  with  his  teeth,  and  gave  it  about 
to  the  roll:,  who  devoured  it  with  the  voracitv  ot  a  wild 
bcall.  They  (lid  nor,  however,  look  i![ion  what  tliey 
I'aw  in  the  polieirion  ot  our  people  with  indityeience  ; 
for  while  one  of  them  was  alleep,  they  cut  oil'  the 
hinder  part  of  his  jacket  w  i:li  a  (liarp  tlmt,  which  they 
ufe  as  a  knife. 

While  the  lliip  lay  at  anchor  m  a  bay  on  the  I'or.thern 
lliorc,  about  a  '..-ague  to  the  c.tllnard  ot  Cape  L'p'  ight, 
Icvtn  or  e;g.;t  In.lians,  in  a  canoe,  came  roimd  the 
vellcrn  point  of  the  bay,  and  having  laiulcd  oppofitt 
to  the  ihiji,  mad-.'  a  fire.  Our  people  invited  tlicm  to 
come  on  [loard  by  all  the  figns  they  could  devil'e,  but 
without  fucccl's  :  the  Commodore,  therefore,  took  a 
b<^ai,  and  \vent  onlhore  tothem.  He  introduced  iiim- 
telf  by  making  them  prcfents  of  leveial  trifles,  with 
v.hich  they  teemed  to  be  much  gratified,  and  an  inti- 
inacy  came-  on  i:i  alew  minutes.  I  laving  fent  on  board 
tor  fonie  bread,  he  divided  it  among  them.  :.:id  re- 
marked uitheqtial  pleaturc  and  lurjMife,  that  if  a  bit 
of  the  bifcui'-  happened  to  fall,  not  one  of  them  ottered 
to  touch  it  till  he  gave  his  conleiit.  In  the  mean  time 
fomc  ot'  the  cre-.v  were  cutting  a  little  gral's  t'ortv.o  or 
three  lliecpllill  remaining  on  board.  At  length  the  in- 
haliitants,  perceiving  v.tiat  they  were  d'>iiig,  rati  im- 
medi.itely,  ami  tearinjj,  upall  ihe  weedsthey  could  get, 
I  arried  theiniothe boat,  which  was  loaded  in  a  llioritiiiu. 
'J'his  token  of  their  good  will  gratified  the  Commu- 
d'.rc,  wli'j   i^erccived  that  they  were  plealeii  with  the 


plealure  he  exprcll'ed  iipi'.n  the  o^calion.  'I'hey  h:,:, 
indeed,  i.ikeii  lucli  a  fuuy  lo  uur  peo..le,  that  wliejj 
iliey  returnr  1  on  boaril  the  boat,  they  all  j'ot  jmo  i|,f|,. 
caiio.-  ,ind  tilloucil  tluni.  When  oui-  pe.ij'le  came 
ne.ir  thelhip,  ho'.vevcr,  lhe\-  lb.|-p  d,  and  ga/  \\  at  her 
uilli  ui  .:ppareni  mi\iui  e  ip|'  ..li.inilhr.K  iil  .iiul  lei,,ii, 
till  at  h  iiglh,  u  nil  I.., lie  diliii  iiiiv,  four  or  ii\  e  ot  liieiii 
were  jire.  .tiled  oji  to  vent  me  on  bo.iid.  As  io  >n  as  tiiev 
entered  the  ihip  the\  lei  e!\cd  level  a  1  pieleiit  ,  .mil  ap- 
p^.ired  to  1  •.■  peilecily  at  e.il'e  in  allioit  lime. 

I'he  Commodore  being  vei)-  tlel'irou^  lo  ciuutain 
them,  one  of  the  jietiy  ollii  ers  plavcd  i!p;>:u!:.  vi  din, 
an.i  !ome  of  the  irew  d  lui'ed.  ,\t  this  li'.e-c  were  I'l 
mucli  deli__;iKeil,  and  III  impa'ieiu  to  Iheu  ilvir  'Mali- 
lude,  that  one  of  them  \.  cm  i  ver  the  ihiji's  ii.!e  im.  liie 
c.moe,  and  teiched  Uj' a  leal-ikin  bag  of  le.l  pami, 
ami  immediately  Imeaiei  ihe  lidler's  ta>'.-  alli  vei  urii 
il.  lie  was  vei_\  delirmi;-  t  i  p:iv  il'.e  Co  .■.luodiie  th- 
lan'c  compliment,  which,  !;  iv,  (.'vei ,  he  t'l.u'jjit  lit  t  > 
decline;  but  he  made  liia;i\  \  cr\  \  ijV'i'Mis  eft' •!  is  Ij  vsi 
the  belter  ot  his  ;rode:i\'.  It  \i.is  u  n!;  !i>:ue  ditii, nl!'.- 
Ihat  hedefeiuledhimleif  fr  r;;  r; :  .  ivi;;;:  liie  i.o:'  ,.:;  ,i/. 
::.;l'.ed  iiim  in  hiv  ii\:i  dvi,  !;e.  .-Vtrer  li.;\ini;  ia-.l- 
tained  them  tor  tevci.il  Ik-'::  ,  :'.  '...is  iiitim-'.te,:  i.i  i!  .  > 
that  it  would  be  proper  l'.).  tlicri  tn  go  on  li-,,:,  ;  1;.,.; 
Iik'i  uas  their  ittaelvi-'-ht,  i'k'.!  it  ,^.;^  b'  n  ■  .u.an  ■  .in 
cal'\-  matter  to  get  tlie;::  •'•■t  o!  i.ie  ihip.  ' 

Cajvain  ^\■a;lls  lep.el'.Tiis  the  couuli"  r.')ov:  Ci'u 
ii:ilia:'.:  is  moll  dre.iiv  aii'.l  f'llorn,  and  ihc  :i..i  latu'iis 
on  cell  lide  tlie  lliait  ,  as  of  immenle  hei'.'la,  .\,Hjut 
itne  toiiith  ot  the  aliciit  is  covired  with  tree  of,-.  i,\);\. 
lider.d.de  l;/e  :  in  the  '.]■<:'.  l-  tr  >m  llience  to  I'le  iind.llc 
•  It  the  mountain  llieie  IS  no'limg  butuitheied  Ihitibs. 
Above  ihet'e  .ue  patchc;  of  tiu^v,  .md  tr.:"::'.ents  if 
bioken  rock.  The  lummit  is  a.!'o._^ether  u:de  .i.id 
naked,  t.).vering  abnethe  cloud.s  in  v.d  ci  ■.r>  lii  .;. 
are  piled  upon  each  other,  and  lo.k  lik.- ilie  ,  Uii.J;  of 
nature,  devoled  t;i  [^erpetual  iieiiiiiv  an\l  di.-|()latio:). 
Captain  W.illis  lays.  ti-..:t  w!ioe\er  n.ivig.ites  tldspirr 
of  the  it  rait  (hoiild' keep  ilic  no,;  li  Ihore  I'lofe  on  board,'' 
and  not  venture  more  tlianamile  from  k  till  tl;eRo\.il 
Illands  are  palled.  T!ie  current  lets  eallet'.v  throjgh 
the  whole  twe'iiy-f.nir  h  )iirs,  anii(,tlie  indraught  Ih  lui  1 
by  all  means  be  .ivuided.  The  latitude  of  Caue  (  i..'.- 
lant  Ro.ul  i^  j;^^  deg.  _v- '''^'H- '■•"■'th  ;  longitude '•;;  dc,:. 
9  min.  well. 

'1  he  ;hip  I'.aving  come  to  an  anchor  in  l'di/abe;h  Hav, 
whii  !i  lic.s  in  latitude  :_]  dcg.  4^5  min  I'or'h,  Capt.im 
W.ilhs  lent  the  boats  on  dioi"  (  ,i-  \v..ter  ;  and  I'lJiiafter 
our  people  l.md.ed,  thiv  can  .'cs  j-il  oli'trom  the  i  jutit 
Ihoie,  and  l.iud.ed,  lixte.n  of  t!:e  iiiit;-.  •.•■,  on  tiie  eaii 
point  ot  the  li  ;V.  Wlien  ihi  y  ca.ue  >.  iiliin  an  h.iud.ed 
yaids  of  om  p.eople,  ihey  lloppe.',,  i.db-doui.  and 
in.ulc  ligiis  of  tiiendlhii).  Our  peo];!e  did  the  I'.imc, 
Ihewing  them  lome  beads  and  other  ivi\  s.  At  ihls  ihcv 
teemed  pleated,  and  began  tolhout.  (Virpviple  imi- 
tated tlie  noil'e  they  mad.e,  and  th  rate  1  in  lei  ;iii.  I'li  • 
Indians  then  adv. meed,  ihll  lli  '.,t;;i,',  and  la,-,;hiii. 
very  lou.l.  When  the  pallie^  iini  ihev  liiookhand', 
and  om  peojile  pi  eleniedi  tlie  Indians  uidi  I'ev.ralol  ih-j 
toys  v.hiili  ilie\'  li.id  llieu  n  flr.m  a!  a(iiii-.:-.  e.  '1  !iey 
were  covi  icd  \wlh  leal-lkuis,  \i.  hich  ilu'i'.  ri'..(,,;'ii.iM\  ; 
andfo.i.e  ot  them  \.ere  eaiuii'^llie  lotien  ll.  di  and  blub- 
ber raw,  A  1th  a  keen  ap|)etiie,  and  g'e.u  i'.eming  t.iiil- 
fu"iion.  Their  lompleCtion  wa- the  I'ln:  •  as  that  of 
thole  our  iiavig.itois  had  I'ccn  betoii ,  !■  i  i!i>.  ■,  •...;>■  1  iw 
ot  llUui  e,  the  tailed  nI  I  hem  n  't  bem.'  11  1  I'l.i'i  il\  :* 
teet  li\  iiiche-.  'I'liey  appeared  t  1  '-j  peiiflii  ■;•  •'.]  '1 
cold,  and  imme  li.ucly  km  lied  I'eiu.d  li;.  .  11  .. 
thev  fiibfill  in  v,  inter  i^  ni  t  ea!\'  t)  i',uel'.  ;  I  .r  t!ie  v.  .  ,. 
tlier  \'.  as  .n  tlu  uime  lo  le\e,e,  ihil  t!K,  e  \.  i  :  ■  fi..  .pieiU 
tails  ot  Inow,  'I'l'.e)  were  armed  u  idi  ')),',:,  .uw,  , 
and  l.ivelins.  The  arro;.  ;  and  iavi  li:-.s  v. , ,  e  p;ii:-.icl 
with  llmt,  which  u.is  wiou;dit  into  ilu-  Ih  ^  ,- 0!'  a  fe:  . 
pent's  tongue.  They  di!ihu.!.e  Iv  lii  v  v!i  ■  •v.'t  loice 
anddexterity,  Icarci'  ever  la.ling  to  !i;.  i  .,.i;L  at  a 
gieat  dillanie.  'I  o  l.indle  a  lire  ihe)  T  l'^•,  a  pebble 
aijainll  a  piei.v  ul    uem  lu  ,  lidding  u"d  f  i",   to  ;  ,1;:  li 

the 


thf  fpaiks,  lome 


;v. 

■I'hfy   I,:.;, 

'.■,  tluit  w!|..-i> 

<l  into  iln.li' 

lK-.);i!c  i,i:nt; 

;.',:i/  -il  at  lit  T 

il  .tiiil   Iciior, 

!i\i-  ol  ihi'iii 

■^  i'l  '11  .IS  liicv 

i-'iu-,   ,111(1  ap- 

nic. 

to  I'nrui.iin 

1 1!:.  vi  i!in, 

;'\-   ucic    T) 

\\  iSr'ir  lii.iti- 

!i''-J  ;iii..  \'r.v 

t    K-.l    I'.lhil, 

all,  •,.•,  vmI, 
::;:..  1-:^  ;li;- 
1  ''lyjit  lit  t  I 

(■(i'.'I'.S    I:.  I    LH't 

ic  iliiii,  lilt'.- 
-  h:i:i  ..::  >!;. 
A  in  ';  <  iui.  - 
'.!.■.:  i-.i  i!  :  > 
1  ;':■.':.  ;  i-.m 
n  ■  .r:..i:i    ,ui 


amfiuca.] 


South   America. 


57' 


I  lie    I.'.'  !.lt.li'i:i 

■v:'.:t.     Aoo'.ii 

H(.-    iif  .-.  i-o:\. 

I'>  I'lC  iHi.lllc- 

tl-.i-K-.i  ihi^hs. 

t;a;v:::-:^f,    ,,f 

luT   ii;iL-    a.:i.| 

■'■'■^   ciuv  lir.i. 

^v•   ill'.-   UIH.t    .i;' 

ii'.l  iii.*riil.iiio;i. 
gates   t!-.ist.;;:^. 

Die  Oil  bo.ii\l, 
t  till  the  Roy .il 
ilfeily  thro'.i';.';l> 
t'.r.f.ijlit  lliii'.:  I 

-■  of    CUIC  (  lal- 

iriit'ioe'-;;,  uc,:. 

I':il/.ll>c:lin.;v, 
lo;  'li     C:iPtai!i 

Hill!  I  )  111  .iticr 
i'lio:n  tliL-i  jiiilt 
•■.  on  tiie  call 
liii  aa  li.aul.cd 
alli-d  oMi,  anil 
i!k1  the  laDic, 
•  Ai  ilil.s  they 
)'ii-  ;v,-.,p|(_-  im:- 
in  1  ci  :in.  'I'L  • 
aiul    ia.\:,hin._ 

lliook  liaml' , 
!i  lev.ralol  i!"^ 
li-:;..'.  -llie/ 
',  a'..,„;'naMy; 
(I.  ;li  aint  liUili- 
i  1  -emin;.!;  I'liif- 
iti:  •  as  I'h:;;  '■{ 
;i!rn  ■,;.;.■  I  ,w 
l'|.',  .  tll.lM  ;i'  :• 
|iciili,i-;'  ■■:  'i 
.lli;.  .  Hi, 
.  ;    I  .itilr-.;.  .- 

\.  I  ;    ■    In  .|'lflU 

l)>.'.  .,  :•.;•. 'V,', 
.  :w.\-  |nii;-,!v.i 
ll>  i[c  .<r  a  I'e:- 
;•!,   ,..x.-\  !,,],..• 

.  I  ...  I ;  1.  at  .a 
I'  ik'.  n  pcMilr 
!  ;■  i',  •■';.  i;^! 

llu: 


th:-  Tpaiks,  fonie  iriofs  or  down  mixed  with  a  v.hitilh 
e.ntli,  wliK-luakei  fire  like  tinder.  They  then  take 
I'omc  dry 'Asali,  and  pvitiing  the  lip,hted  niofs  imo  it 
wave  it  to  and  ti'o,  and  in  alnni'.  a  iiunuie  a  hla/e  will 
appear. 

I'hrce  of  tl'.t  natives  came  on  hoard  v.  ith  the  lioar, 
b-.it  tiiey  ieciiu-i!  to  regard  nothiiij  \viih  any  decree  ot' 
cuiio.  ty  excci't  clothes  and  a  lookini;-i;lars.  The 
lookinsi  plals  air>rded  then;  as  iiuirh  diverlioii  as  it  liad 
t\^n\L  I  e  Patagonia  .;,  and  it  ieenied  to  I'lnpril'e  them 
inoie.  When  ihev  liil^  peeped  int.)  it  they  ilarted 
bac  k,  'ird  lookuv.;  .it  our  people,  anil  then  at  each 
odier.  T!r\'  ilun  took  .mother  [u-ep,  as  it  were  liy 
Iteahh,  ftart i nu  b II  k  .is  iKto'.c,  and  liieiieigerly  look- 
ing heliind  it.  When  li\'  degrees  they  beeanie  taniiliar 
with  it  thev  fiuiled,and  Toeing  the  images  linile  in  re- 
tiiiii,  iliev'  weree\ecediiiglv  ileliglited,  and  biirll  into 
fits  of  the  molt  vl.ileiu  la-;ghier.  This,  however, 
thev  left,  and  tverv  thing  elle,  wiili  pei  fed  Inditfe- 
renie,  the  little  ti.ey  polletfed  being,  to  all  appearai^ec, 
equal  to  their  dclires.  They  cat  whatever  was  given 
them,  but  would  drink  nothing  but  water. 

Caj-itain  Wallis  went  on  llvre  with  tl'.ein  when  tliey 
left  the  Oiip,  and  by  this  time  leveral  oi  their  wiv-es 
r.iul  ehildrcn  were  come  to  tlie  w  aienng-plaee.  He 
iliitri'.nited  fime  trinkets  among  them,  with  which  they 
feenicd  jde.iled  torainomeiit,  and  give  lome  of  their 
arms  in  return.  They  alfo  gave  leveral  pieces  of 
iiiuiulic,  lu'.h  as  is  found  in  the  tin  iViines  ot  Cornwall. 
Tliey  gi\e  our  people  to  underO.anil,  that  they  f.nind 
it  on  tiie  mountains,  where  there  are  probably  mines  of 
tin,  and  perhaps  of  more  valuable  metal. 

As  this  feenied  to  be  tiic  moll  dreary  and  inhofpitable 
country  in  the  v. oilJ,  the  people  appeared  to  be  the 
lowell  and  nioll  deploralile  ot  human  beings.  Their 
[lert'ect  in.liHereiice  to  every  thing  they  faw,  which 
marked  the  depravity  between  oui  itate  and  their  ow  n, 
though,  It  iiuy  preferve  them  fio.n  the  regret  and  an- 
guilli  ot  i.iiUati^^iicd  dcfires,  teem,  notwidiltanding,  to 
implv  a  defed  in  their  natvrc,  for  thole  who  are  tatis- 
fied  uith  tiie  giatilieations  of  a  brute  can  have  little 
pretenlionsto  the  prerog.uives  ot  men. 

When  they  eir.w.irked  ;n  their  cano-s  tl-c\  iiciiTcd  a 
leal-lkin  tor  a  fid,  ,ind  llecred  tor  the  fouihern  Ihore, 
where  our  people  faw  m.iny  of  their  hovels,  ani.1  re- 
iiiaikeil  that  not  one  of  them  looked  behind,  lb  little 
imjireliion  h;al  the  wonders  they  had  teen  made  upon 
their  mm. Is,  and  lb  much  did  iliey  appear  to  be  ab- 
lorbed  in  the  pril'ent,  u  iihout  any  habiuial  exercile  of 
po\\er  to  reflect  upon  the  pail. 

About  three  niitesup  Haicheloi's  River,  on  the  wefl 
("de,  between  Mount  Mil'ery  and  another  mountain  of 
f.upendous  height,  tlieie  is  a  cataract  which  has  a  very 
Ihiking  appeaiance.  It  is  precipitated  from  an  eleva- 
tion of  above  4C0  yards  ;  halt  the  way  it  rolls  over  a 
very  deep  declivity,  and  the  other  part  is  a  pcr(H'ndi- 
cular  tall.  The  found  of  this  catarad  is  not  lefs  aw- 
ful than  the  ligbt. 

The  country  to  the  fouthward  tii'  the  Sir. lit  appeared 
horrid  and  ilre.uy  beyond  delcription.  It  lonlilled  of 
cragg\'  mouniains  much  higher  than  the  clouds,  that 
were  altogether  naked  from  the  bale  lo  the  fummit, 
there  not  being  a  lingle  Ihiub,  nor  even  a  blade  of 
gia's  to  be  teen  upo.i  them.  The  vallies  between  them 
wcrcetiuallj  defolate,  being  entirely  covered  with  I'eep 
liiow,  except  in  a  few  pl.Kts  where  it  had  beenwallietl 
as^ay,  or  i.o:iveried  into  ice,  by  the  lorreiits  which 
were  prei  ipu.ued  trom  the  crags  o[  ihe  mountains 
above,  where  the  liiow  had  been  dillolved,  and  even 
ihol'e  v.iliies,  in  the  jiarts  that  were  tree  trom  t'now, 
were  as  dtllittite  of  verdure  as  the  'oiks  liciween  which 
they  lay. 

Having  (leered  for  Cajic  I'piight,  and  aiuhoied  in 
the  bay,  w'hile  ihe  people  were  employed  in  geuing 
wood  and  water,  and  gathering  celery  and  inullels, 
two  canoes  lull  ot  Indi.ins  came  along-lide  the  lliiji. 
'I'liey  li.i.l  iiuich  the  I.ihk  'pneaianceas  the  deplorable 
'rcttlitb  fccn  before  in  Eliziabciiri  Bay.     They  h.id  on 


hoard  fomc  feal.  fleili,  blubbrr,  and  penguins,  all  of 
which  they  eat  raw.  .Some  (  f  our  people,  who  were 
tithing  with  a  hook  anil  line,  gave  one  of  tlicni  a  hlli 
foniewhat  bigger  than  a  heirmg,  alive,  jul1;  as  it  ciiiie 
out  of  the  water.  The  l.".dian  took  ii  hatlily  asa  dop, 
would  tike  a  bone,  and  inllantly  killed  it  bv  giving  it  a 
bite  near  the  gills.  He  then  proceeded  to  eat  it,  be 
ginning  with  the  head  and  going  on  to  the  till,  with- 
out reiecting  either  the  bone.-,  liii',  Icales,  or  eii'.r.iils. 
They  ate  every  thing  that  was  given  them  indillercntly, 
whether  filt  or  t'lelli,  dKiled  or  raw,  but  would  drink 
nothing  but  water. 

They  Ihivered  with  cold,  yet  h.ad  nothing  to  cover 
them  biit.a  leal  (kin  thrown  loofely  over  their  flioiil- 
ders,  which  did  not  reach  to  their  middle,  and  they 
were  oblerved,  when  rowing,  to  throw  even  this  atidc, 
and  lit  dark  naked.  '1  hev  had  tome  javelins  rudely 
pointed  wuli  bone,  witli  which  they  iit'ed  to  llrike  teal's 
and  penguins,  and  one  of  them  was  oblerved  to  have  a 
piece  ot  iron  about  the  lizc  of  a  rommon  chili'el  fall- 
eiied  to  a  piece  of  wooii,  as  ill"  intended  rather  tor  a 
tool  than  a  weapon. 

They  had  all  fore  cy^^KvhicU'Cviis  imputed  to  theii 
i  fitting  over  the  liiiokc^it  r^'r  tiies,  and  they  I'melt 
i  more  oflenlivelv  than  a  fi\,  wliicli,  perhap-,  was 
!  jxirtly  owing  to  their  diet,  and  partly  lo  their  natural 
!   liithinefs. 

Their   canoes  were    about  lifreen   feet   long,  three 

i  broad,  anil  nearly  three  deep.     The\-   were  made  oi 

[  the  bark  ot  trees  feweil  together  cither  with  the  linews 

I  of  I'ome  bealt,  or  thongs   cut   out   >,i  a  hide.     Some 

I  kind  of  ruth  v.as  laid  into  the  feams,  and  the  outlidc 

was  tiiieaieil  with  a  gum,  which  prevented  the  water 

I  from  loaking  into  the  bark.      l''itteen  (lender  branches 

I  bent  into  aa  arch  were  lewed  tranlverlelv  tothe  bottom 

I  and  lides,  and  tome  tlraight  pieceswere  [dacedacrotstlie 

]   t.ip  trom  gunwale  to  gunwale,  and  t'ecurely  fallened  at 

1  each  end.     On  the   whole,    however,  it   was  poorly 

j  made,   nor  had  thefe  people  any  thing  among  them  in 

which   there  was  the  leatl    appearance  n(  ingenuitv. 

An  hatchet  or  two  were  given  them,  with  Coine  beads 

am!  a  lew  other  toys,  with  which  they  went  awav  to 

ihe  northward,  and  were  no  more  I'eeii  by  any  of  our 

people. 

A  party  lent  out  in  fearcli  of  anchoring  places  fpent 
a  night  upon  an  itlanil  ailjacent  to  Cape  IjM'ight,  called 
Dolphin  Bay.  'I'hey  there  faw  li;veral  fmall  coves, 
which  were  all  dangerous.  While  they  were  there  (i.v 
canoes  landed  about  thiity  Indians,  who  ran  tothe  boat, 
and  werecarrving  aw.iy  every  tITmgihey  found  in  her, 
but  our  people  Liifcovered  them  jud  time  enough  \>i 
jjievent  them.  As  loon  as  they  tbunJ.  tliemfeive^  np- 
pofed,  they  went  to  their  canoes,  ani!  aimed  thcmleive'. 
with  long  poles  and  j.ivelins  pointed  with  the  bunesot 
(ilh.  They  did  not  begin  an  attack,  but  llood  in  a 
threatening  poflure.  Our  people,  wdio  were  twenty-two 
in  number,  aded  only  on  the  detenlive,  and  by  part- 
ing with  a  t'ewiritles  unongthemreiKiciedthem  friends, 
anil  induced  them  to  behave  [UMceably  during  their 
flay. 

'\frer  a  feiies  of  fitigue  and  hardlliips,  Captain 
Wadis,  and  thofe  under  his  con.u-.and,  quitted  this 
dreary  and  inhofpitable  region,  .vhcre  they  were  almott 
in  peipetual  dinger  of  Ihipwreck  tor  near  four  monthi, 
having  entered  the  Suaitb  un  the  i7thot  December 
ijOG,  and  ipiiitcd  them  on  the  nth  of  April  1767  : 
a  region  wIk  re,  in  the  niulll  ot  luinmer,  the  weather 
was  cokl,  gloomv,  and  temiH-tUious  ;  where  the  pro- 
fpeds  hail  more  the  appe.ir.ince  oi  a  chaos  than  nature  ; 
Slid  w  here,  tor  the  moll  part,  the  vallies  were  without 
herbage,  and  the  hills  wiihoiit  wuotl. 

Commodore  llyron  obl"erves,tliat  it  is  prob.able  thofe 
navigators  who  may  reail  ot  the  ditlicultics  and  dan- 
gers, which  are  bv  him  reprelentcd  to  attend  the  paf- 
fage  through  the  Straits  of  Magellin  will  conclude, 
ili.ii  it  ought  never  lo  be  attemjited  again;  hut  that 
.ill  the  (lup..  which  ndght  atiei  him  lad  a  wettern  coiirt'e 
lioiu  Lurope  into  the  Mnitli  iSeas  ought   to    go   round 

(.  ape 


;■  1- 


i-TS  i  .,'  .'Ill 


fell 


nm 


An 


ir 


!l^- 


;  1 


i 


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A  :\F.\\\  ROYAl. 


Al    nir.X  yiC  SV^T!.\'  >.:■   I'N! 


1    pr    •.  1 


t.!..1 


C'jipc  II  s'l.    1  li  ■•lOt'tMlVs  liinilVlt' ri  ,1  liiti 


iTl'lU   lipi- 


irotK-   ii'.i;  i;i  .M 


II. It  or.!\  .1  li;i  •!.  V 
,1 


lull    .'.    1  li'H-      1. 


.);i,   111,^.1. 


.1^  I  I. 


til  1 


!'•  ;i.'  1!  ii.-  i:i  ill.'   liUMill  of  I ). 


(.•;:!:•,  \v..!i  V.  Ill  '■,  li.li  i.  il  II 


,i;  I. 


'  1    ■.  A'.rv  u  '.i.;c  lo  11.' 


till"  .a,     vutu    V.  II, 


ni.l  :v  .r. ;ivi'  \  I'.'i '.  i.iiL^  l;i  ".i 


.•r\ ,   li:urvv'j;i-.U'-.  lii'iriL^,  .i:i. 


O. 


iliu.uk-.! 


:j,.l    t!u 

ill  i!u 


-V.l  .ll. 


.1  lV.p.-  1 1 


p.llslh.in  Ifiiou.;';!  iln 


4'  M 


I  V-  'i.l'l' 


I         ;■  ll'.H-!l!V>-. 

;i    iv  I  )  .ir.n.''ii 
"In.'  U  i..l 


tiivr  • 
tlic  ih: 
I'd 


l.':n.i.L..i; 
V. a^  ivn  u:; 


C 


inc.  1  i.it 


is  .11, '.'i'  111.-  Ic:;  M', 


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■uci  o,  oi-  C 


,.iui  the  i.  1 


lul'l 


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i:  It,  l!  .'  ;i  liic   t.\\.'  I  1 ,1    L-iUiai'.' 


D 


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Mv, 


i:-;  Ci!n.! 


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dlpi  n.  .11   til.  i ;  lie  lo:il',)ii  i)t' lit,- \  V  ,1 
.    :.i  y.'.'.i-      t!ir.)!.,!i   i!u'  S.,.i! 


:i;ia  IS  ii.il}'  [  f.  ir  .u 
l.l;',c,  lil>  JK'Ol  ':.  '..  - 

Liu::^.     I'.l.    ic-        l.li! 

ntr.'.u  '  I't   'A  !i!'  'i  :■■ 


ili.;t  It 


,.'..1 , 


■,  lirtv!  hvCii tiiii-c 
.  of  Mlic::;.-  ; 


i  l.i:i;;iii.\l,  .iiKl  Ir 
". :,    ;;-.ii.  Ii   .'.ini..  '.i.\: 


1; 


KUlii.  liii..-  Il 


i>:ni.:-;i.:...(.-5 


;iiii;i:  .inl  ..:iillir 
v.  Ihi  '.  M  (\'tc;  ii 


'A  ilillViTU. 
.■  ;  to  the  e.inili 
iiif  ir,''i:i    the; 


1  eiit:'. .;  I  i 


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n  t  '.:n 


'    l.u.'.;'i: •.■!■,  V.  \[\ 


III.;,  f  J  .1 1 


pal^th•JiI•  lives  uiihiv 


li.;vi;i:' 
I'n.'.    u 


.l-^t  II   u. 


it  ;  ,1'Hl  iT!'.' 


II 


*  11'!,  Il 

Ii;.,.: 


Aineiij.i, 
Ne-A   1) 


11'  OS  r 


:i;ul  .uiiluiUh-  ih'-Vi.vitor 

eM  >    iiU'.ii'iU  .'.;i  i  I  il. ..  I  ;1    '. 

the  '.'■'.'.e'  l.ii'iin'  lit    '>!'  I'u-   R    i, 


Itii  Ul.   \  , 


n   .:i-:'l.'nv.-- 
■r.  '-I'th-    ,;h   !.' 
■  he  1  'i|  'ill!  i!;ii;  v: 

\     ['a-    III  1  I      IIM.I 

11,1  I,  ;.,;!.■,•,, 


,  V.  i;  ;i.-\ 


11  .■,)ii;il    I'f  tl; 
ile  Jet.lil.'f  l! 


II    1,1    tl 


\w  ::.,;  1    c,r. 
)!..•  vii'i  "ivii 


t.Tti 

it  l'..'iii  til. 


I   .  I\    O,  I  . 


.>thcr-^ 


-;■;,,  .il:ir  eiu  r.  ir   ii 
in..-  ie'i.ir.ii."ll 


ip.;\. 


Cut 
.1  !:,\:u  ■>!, 


.v.Mi  i<ir.\ 


,!r.  .!-. 


.IS  111:    ii.:!.!  II  ,i\  lie  mil 


li.U  t;-c  le. 


V 1    111  i\    tor  11  a    ti;  ' 
.lb  -.1  t.ie  o'  1  ■in.ii  II 


iiur.e.i  111 


tiie   .1 
.hiiii  l". 


Mi,   \\  e 


lluill 


;eli 


1..C1.1     V.  it   1 


;t  11  ,;ie,N  ol   til. 
.  'i  r.  I  el'.iiiii,    .ill 


hi-  \  .liU 


'in;>n  \i-.ii  I 


I--.  1, 


,x  i  I  tlie  .; 


-TCiH  ieinpei.itiii  i 


llie  .111    111 


i.ie  l-.ve..'.i  I  iiiu.iu- iliei  inliiiDi! 
tcille   he.tl     ot    tirj    I  ii.  i.l    /..i;i,, 


v.ii\  111.',  hiiiii  ;'.!'. 
t  1    ill'.    ni;iiiii;j,  ' 


IK 


V.  iiii  .1  iii 


,M-,  Is 


eoiivti  >; 


t:,e 


'.  1     :■'.    IIU 


cai 


Ic.! 


Ills 


>V  llie  \K 


!v  lit   the  11.  >\\  > 


lis  lir. eiii'N  1-1  iliiii'.,^,  uulitli.;:  ot  uo.i.lv  eomi- 


i.s.   pl.uii',  nioiiiiiiiius.  iiul  live;-,  .i ,  .ill,)  tii,- ihliei - 
lee  1.1    iheil    iliet,  .Ui.l    lliehtllj   lOr;  t  Ijvi'v.leu  ,   t.ie 


avc    \MHl   e.i.ii    o 


jieia.ii'ouriiu;  ii.iiK' 

lli'Kilar,,l  other  f.inie' ,   iiniil  lieeelllii 

•;re.U  \.iri'.t\  in  the  o,  i '.iiMtiurib   aiu 


ll\'  ii.r.  e  j'lo.iik  e< 
I    c'  .liu-,  ot   lliel'i 


pe.-i 


lie 


iiaii'i'l    V,  r.v) 


Ciov, 


;,!■. 


'!   Spain 


o..'i  c;i..ui  Ii 

11.1  I'o.tu-.il    I' 


lie  I  11  1  -.i-ie.!,   tii.it  a 
,   .1.1  1  iiio'ieJl  t,>  the 


;  t  .\o,  !iiii;| 


iiic'.r. 


■.!,lv  ! 


V  II  .ve  I.  u  ictl  U) 


l!ie  111  iiiiiers  o 


t   tl 


LOin.|i.eio: s  ;  .ill- 
i^l  :l   I'lv.  .1  Oi  vil 


111  tii  Ji-  1'  .n 

iiih.ii:it  II,-    )i  ill.  .iii.i!  ir 


ii,.i  i.i  '.'.  Il  I  li\  e- 
,  !  1.1:11  a  I  'v.i.'.-j 


I'll!  Ills,   I'r 
hi-.-iv,   -.''.;, 
cnil  ,111,.'.  I'il 


..1    '1     ■!     I 

1:1.  IT,  a: 


.K.l.ii-i-.ll' 


11  '    Molll'l  III!  o-J  I.K, 


!.y  theli.ii   1 


iii.-ni  V.  iilhuil  thei 

out  a.!  (I  ll  I  eliel'eiit.-tl, Hi- 


ll eoiileiit  ;   that  '-,  ai  :  1 1 


'live  ol   the  co.ii  iii.ii  iiii 


V.  eie  1.  .'iii; 


.till 


ill 


Ujl'.ll   o  IIM,    t.) 


o'.iiiee  111  I' 


T  ever  all  eoiiee:  li  MKli   tliele   t,iX 


llllheieis  -,1.  el-e  tarie,!  :.;ii!    ti..uli 


t:ie  Ihl, 


eari  ieii  over  liie  ilan 


Hull   l:li.> 

vit  ill  -ir 


.  ere  llire.U. 


i.-.l 


'll.i. 


.  till  V  ilelieeie  I  iiii    tir. 


^e,  -'i.'ii  iiii 


l.tte.l  i  >  t! 


Ill  line. 


iil\ir|)i..l  the  I  l.iee  ol  reei^iio, ..!  .  i;u  m.!. 


Ail-, 


ii.'ili,   tiie  mill. 


ii,aii'l  li'iiie  "I' 


I  11  .S     Jt      ,N  -■ 


.11,  .  even  ..ti'ii  .'.  new  1     I'l  ni  1 


iiti.i'i  '11    -1 


I'.r.h   111  i-.iil  1  t' 


Ii 


.1  on  i!ie  hiiilvs  ot'  I     ai. 


the  \i..r  n  m. 

ill  .•  to  L. 


iia  b 


i.iv  on.-  ,.n  e'Ni  t  iie.i 
(I  .\\j  111  iiiv  i!  -K- .  i;i;.  i.is  ..-.  '.iu 
M.      N    -.  ,  • .  'elvi  ,   n    all    he  i 


..1"  R   p 
ot  the  .X.iurii  an- ,  I'l  '     ih.  ^  lei- 


;t  t  le  ile^^iliriii''  ol    l- 


17'.: 


I 


neciltiil    tlieiet.ire,    iii  or- 


.-leii',  ,uives 


ihei!  I. Ill, 'i kill  ,■> 


;;-,itiioi  1 


.lie  n.iii  II. 


1 


le  ;no: 


ipe  111  iia-  1     f..-C'.ii  man 


.f   1 1 


.1  11'.',  t  .v.-niklvei-i  111 


I'l  1:1  01    tl 


11=  mi"  It-, 


,1'  i; 


N   A  K 


'IIK 


ll.lV.. 


.ill  .'III  itie 


•\ll 


ill..-  tl 


'litiveh'  ;   lo  .ill  the   Aiuerii  .1 


M,'  1 1.  5  Ih'.ve  .  ell 
11  -,',  .1'.  ea.  h  i.l he'- 


ll': 

-1  i  iw  hes 
;   anil,  Ion 


on  ih.  olli'.i". 


'.1  -.    ill 


tllii. 


,  .UH.  ;;;>.  Is  u 
,11  (if  1;  iirir-i. 


n   p.irtl'.e. : 
■.i:'i  tV.-l.,; 


Hil'liilie.l  11',-  i:- 


W 


le--  ii  to  -'t  t  I 
bilitv  i-  tlieiil. 
I'd  Willi  iiic  1..1 


,   ;l,l    -.t   tlieiii,   ..I    l.ii    \i  '.l,)!!, 

11,  .11   ienip  -i ,   uiici'.'ii    ml',  nli- 

'.-.  hethci  It  oil,- lit  ti>  le  lioiioMi-- 


.1  re  1  :\  m  !,   .in!  11. 


i.uliv,  or  braiiileil   wiiii 


that  of 


.1,  1    UliU',-':!,;   V. 


lo: 


'els  to  ufi  lile. 
iii.jeee;'s  ti.xii  the 


r,ii   11 


CI   tiieii-  Me 


-.viik  !i  i-.v!tml  no  1  iitlu'i  tiiiii  lliei,   lie- 


t,iiuiio:.s  i.,.-i  to  V  ii.ieitv,   \vh'  11  lli'.-'. 


jwitli  t'j  i '.;;  1 


tlicv  ii'.eil 


;k 
lliit 


V  '.I  iiio.h  lite  V,  lien 


l.iuuii,  even  10  lliiitii,''   uii,i)u:    .my   ihin; 


;iti;f  to  tleiire  au^l 


1' 


il-.llv  to  ihelall'le 


Hill  uiiiiions  .mil   e.jw- 
ii   il;-,iiiLeiiiic.-is  il,;e-  not  ti.ni- 


fp 


■JI'.  lllelli  ;   tn'.-:nie-. 


to  labj-.if  ;  u:ii 


iO 


VI  a  I: 


y '"'} 


111- 


.uiu- 


•   I 


i|e\  1 


lil\-  tilil  liibli 


1')  .III)  111  I'lii  ll 
.1    lii-IMl'  11  tl" 


nil'-  1 


III  till    Ihk'.il'.   ■ 
ip   w.iiuii'.',    to  liiil  loiiie  '..  Hi.  ,  ,:  .  '  ill 


V.  at'i,   1 


lii/i 


I'll 


I  .ll' 


li'.'.-l. 


K 


lieV   .11  ,11    1 


lior.e'l    .1    I  i-it,   \'.  !;',-ii    ih.  I  0:1 


the  e.i;;,>;: 


CovcriiiiK  nt, 
ler,  a*,  iiiiieli  :■.; 


Kill. 


on 


p.iiiiliii-,    n 


lliU  the  AiiiLi  Hall',  uti  e  ihrati 


A.MF.KICA. 


ciari'ier oiillv  wi 


aniinolinr 


niaiiicil  in  hi: 
w.irthy  of  rccfl 
arriinotiioiis 


oblivion,  ami 


ni'Tf  miportail 
wliicii  the  mill 


lunic  imps,  lal 
w.ib  to  be  pai'i 


fiitcreil   the   tl 


AMLUUCA.] 


A     M     V.     R     1     C     A, 


57,? 


tliat,  tli')ii;^l>  tlK  aA  itfi'If  w.\s  repe,ili\l,  yet  tlie  I'l-irit 
•il'i'  riiiuiiKi.1,  vvliilc  :i  ic.eiiiK-  wa-  litiiumii-il  from  tin- 
«'()i  iiR'^.  Iti.'ijii' lit  inrciiiij^s  ^mtc  coiitinm- I,  liir-, 
wcic   ta-.j'iciit,  aiul    iii:i;ic:lc.l   [iciloiii   rijin(.-nct.d    the 

dilplK'  s. 

liijii.i',  1768,  till"  g(ivcrn(;r  dnriicil  tlic  li'iiill- nf 
repnli:;!:  itivcs  at  B  ill  m,  to  rikiiil  a  rir)iii:i(jn  nm- 
ccnilii,^  a  liicuiar  Ictrcr  ri>  Io'dc  nt  the  oiiirr  (^ivfn- 
ini-iit.v,  luit  tiii-y  rctiifinjr,  h.j  (.liiMlval  ilic  alR-nbly  on 
the  ;;ii  of  Anputl  lollnwi;,,;. 

At  Iciif'tli  It  was  cli'tcrnimcil  to  ri/:rri'  tlic  Atnfsi- 
t.iiis,  ail  I  a  b'lily  cit  tronp,  u  rivnl  tluii-  aicoivimjjv, 
{toilI  Halifax,  Stpuiiibcr  -,0,  -yO.-;,  d'cortiJ  hy  loiiif 
Ihips  <jt  war. 

I'lic  nocoiis  piocci'ciin;;s  rjf  the  KdlVmi.ini  incri-al"in|;, 
more  troopi  were  nrJfred  to  I'jo|1v>ii,  ami  a  vaiii-ty  of 
.iltcrcations  toik  |ila>  ■ ,  not  only  bcrwcfii  I'lc  guvrnior 
an. I  thi;  pcopli-,  b  It  bi-twcni  tlicin  and  Cii-mral  (ja^;p. 

In  til-  bfgiiuiiii;^  III'  ilir  \'tMr  i7()u,  m.'.iiy  perroii,>.  in 
thv  ci)limy  ot  New  York  thoiij^lir  proper  tu  adnpt  the 
k';it;nicnts  fit  tlie  Bollonian'-,  and  to  in'vii'e  in  tlie  po- 
Jiiic.ll  I  juabbles  w!ii(  h  were  daily  ilel^;lrc■^iillg  in  New 
I'ait^iaiid.  Other  culonirs  loon  alter  a;  lejrd  to  tilt 
conibu.a:i  in,  and,  in  partieiilar,  to  the  refiliitions  fiir 
tin  noi  importation  of  the  Hritilli  nmitifiL-lures  and 
EaiMidia  goods:  and  tliiis  tlie  lire  of  ililf-nti on  iii- 
cirafid  witu  LTcat  rapidity,  iuv\  t!ie  tlniie  of  d.ileor  1 
blivud  tliiinigh  t.;e  jrearell  [urt  of  North   Vineriri, 

J  he  15  illuiuan-.  now  lutninetl  i;p  a  vaii;ty  of  griev- 
anics,  among  wiiieli  coniplainth  were  tlule  :  "  Tliat 
t.he  '  ivil  p'lwcr  wa.i  diire;^,  iidt ',  and  ceiuirels  )  l.ced 
in  various  |i.,rrs  of  the  town  :  Tlui  the  ne^^r  les  liad  been 
wnitcii  to  take  awav  the  lives  and  [)roprrries  of  tneir 
mailers,  and  to  lepair  to  tlie  army  for  protei'tion  :  That 
iuiHc  of  th-  foldier.  had  :;tcar':ed  ihe  ma'jilliates  of  the 
t(i  v  ;  I'n.it  ii.anv  liiUiier.s  h.ui  Leeii  repeatedly  relLiied 
Irani  tiie  p-ace- otlietrs ;  Thit  many  peilons  had  been 
V- ' 'i-ii.ed  by  tl'.e  iiiiiitary  :  And  that  on  the  y_\\  of 
Mar-,  11,  1170,  eleven  perfoiis  were  eirl,.:  killed,  or 
dan;;eroiilly  wouiuled." 

'.rhile  charges  were  cither  dmicd  '/r  t\iHiatt\l  1  y  tlie 
otiier  [larty,  by  the  plea  of  rii-  ntilr  iry  I'ew.:;  comiielleil 


etciid  their.i'rlvej;  and  at 
cq'i.'.ily    attrocious,  were 


to  aC:  a:>  they  did,  and  to 

tlie    1,'ine    time    nrcufation 

brought   agaiull   the  people  of  New  l-.nyland.     Some 

perlons  were  tr'.ed  lor  ;he  nuirde:s,   but  none  execiitevl. 

Sir  l-rancii  Harnard  having  returned  to  I'.n^land,  tl'r 
anunolitirr,  and  difputes  ftill  continued  between  li'.e 
people  and  Lieutenant  governor  Hutehinlon,  .'.ho  re- 
mained in  his  room.  But  as  political  f  |uabbles  are  not 
worthy  of  recnrdirt'  in  a  jierformance  of  this  kin-l,  and 
arriin mious  arculations,  proceeding  from  prej'Kiije, 
and  propa::ated  by  pariiahty,  ought  to  be  confi.^;netl  to 
oblivion,  and  not  iiuroduetd  into  a  work  ot  feience, 
We  fliall  wave  trivial  altcre.iiions,  and  only  regiller  tlie 
more  important  points  of  thelc  iiiih.i|)pv  dilferences  bv 
which  the  mind  may  be  informed,  a^Al  the  memory  wi.l 
not  be  opprefTed. 

About  the  middle  ot  F^ererriljer,  in  the  y  :'r  177.^, 
fonie  Ihips,  laden  with  tea,  beii-.g  a  Bo. Ion,  fa^  a  duty 
was  to  be  paid,)  the  people  would  n  it  fuller  them  to  be 
Iar.de. I.  'I  he  llfips  beii:'.^  retiifed  a  clearance  by  the 
{;overnor,  iir.lefs  tf.e  caii^.;'ie^  were  laiKle>l,  and  pro^ 
perly  tlilpok-d  of,  a  mob,  drelleel  li!;e  .Xidiawk  Indian.., 
entered  the  tlirce  llibs  wliirh  contaii.ed  the  tea,  and 
Wire  commanded  bv  t'le  (.'aj>t.iins  I  l.iil,  Bruce,  and 
Co'Iin,  and  emptie.l  the  tai^oe.',  conlilling  of  :;.[.■ 
cheils  of  te.i,  imo  tiu  water.  This,  aiul  other  out- 
rai^'e.-,  (icalioiitil  the  Bolbm  i'ort  B.ll,  pall'eil  .April  .1, 
177^,  by  which  tiie  town  ol  Bolbm  was  prolcribed  and 

bloi  k.    I  ,ip. 

riic  peopL:  of  New  England  now  liegan  to  form 
themielvrs  into  companies,  piactife  the  military  ar;s, 
{■r.;er  into  lolemn  lea^nies  and  covenants,  ^:e.  Several 
'i  ihc'idxr  colonies  iuUowed  ilieir  j.\am]i'<',  provimiil 
iireiiibues  were  neld,  and  a  peiieial  congrels  elliblilh- 
id,  (o  v,ii..i.}i  difputes  fioni  the  leveral  provinces  were 
\n\  lie  I. 

No  S3- 


)".x<  lulive  (/f  Bickerings  ar.d  aniniofitlts  between  the 
Koy.ililU  and  I'rovincials,  and  the  m.;r:i.i]  par.ide  of 
the  hrter,  th'*  iu-.\t  martial  tranfai'ion  was  the  leisure 
tii'  \'<>n  William  and  M.uv,  near  I'ortlin ourh,  in  New 
I  lainplliire,  by  the  Provincial  ni'.li'ia,  in  which  they 
fiiiiid  I. :0  barrels  of  [^u.npowd-;:,  llvLTal  cannon,  ihot, 
Imill  arms,  \c. 

(ieneral  (iaj^e  bein^j  infirmed  that  a  ^reat  {piantity 
<<i  oiilitary  llores  were  in  the  poni'Ilion  of  the  Provincial 
troops,  at  the  town  of  Concoril,  lent  a  detachment  of 
troops,  under  the  command  of  l.ieiite.'iant-Colonel 
Smith,  and  M  i;  ir  I'iic.iirn,  fu[)ported  by  another  body, 
romm. aided  bv  Lonl  I'ercy,  in  order  to  lei/.e  or  d'.*- 
Kroy  t.hem.  This  l('r\ice  was  etr'eOtually  performed, 
aiier  lomc  (kirmidie^;  but  on  .April  19,  1775,  the 
troop,>  were  attac!;ed  at  l.exinyton,  on  tiicir  return  to- 
wards B(/llon,  Sevei.il  were  killed  and  wounded  on 
b  )th  fide.,  the  Provinci.ds  tiling;  lioin  behind  llontf 
wails,   liedi.',e>.,  bullies,  dec. 

The  l'r(;vi;icials  now  invcded  the  town  of  Bofton  ; 
and  the  p';o[  1--  ot  New  York,  hearing  of  the  a.:tion  at 
I.e-tin^rron,  an  I  the  aflair  of  Con.crd,  lofc  iii  atuiiiul- 
tons  manner,  entered  the  town-houie,  feized  a  great 
many  Itan.ls  of  .inns,  appropri.ited  to  tl.ii-  own  iile  ta-; 
car^itoes  of  two  lliips  Ukien  with  iiiiii  ai /  Ihiies  for  G^ 
m-ral  Ci.ige,  and  then  marched  to  t.'ic  .■.(f.ilar.ce  of  ihc 
B.illoni  ii'.'i. 

Tlie  I'r  ivinci.d-.  not  only  continued  to  block  up  the 
town  of  B  )ll.,n,  but  bc!j;.m  to  laile  ba'teiics  oa  the 
her.lus  of  tl.e  pvuinlula  of  diaries  Town,  in  '■•'ier  to 
c.ion  in.lde  hi>  M,.)..flv'' troop.s  1  liis  bv  )U  du  jn  thii 
acli.n  of  Bunktr's  11:11,  lor,  on  the  17!*^  /  June, 
1-75,  a  conrideri!!le  body  of  troops,  un  ic  the  com- 
iii.iiid  of  M.iior-(juK-ral  I  iowe,  and  Bri';ki:rr  (jencral 
Fig;ot,  were  lent  t)  o.iilod^je  the  Provinti-U.  This 
body  of  forces,  witii  a  pio|nirtionahle  eiuantity  of  artil- 
lery, m.rde  g-))d  their  lai:dingai5  linll  Bunke, 's  ilil!,  un- 
tlcr  the  ptoieJlion  of  tlie  H  i|>s  of  war,  armrd  velfel';, 
tlo.i'.inL.;  batteries,  i.'c.  :uk1  iiein^  fjon  dtler  rer.ilorced 
l.y  anoiKier  det.iclinunr,  a  dctpeiace  action  commenced, 
in  which  tlr  Britiiii  i'mces  were  v;:tor;ois,  the  {-"ruvi:!- 
ciil  lines  beiiiu;  |p;i.-d,  an. I  themi'elvci  comi.eli  d  to 
retreat,  IiMvin^;  behm  1  thcin  lev  r.d  pieces  ot  cannon, 
an,!  other  miliiarv  !l ores.  Tlie  1  jI'^  of  the  Pr  ivinciaLs, 
i:i  killed  a;i  1  woiai.lid,  was  vci/  great.  Of  tiie  Biitiih 
troops,  acci.rding  to  the  return  i.f  (jeneral  (Jage,  zih 
were  kille.l,  and  SiS  were  wt.nnded,  |i)me  ot  ilie  latter 
ilyin;^  f)on  after;  .ml  nioi-e  than  a  pioporaonabic 
number  of  olFicers  bein._;  iiKk>uLd  in  b.nli  h.ls. 

At  New  York,  on  tlic  night  of  the  .1  ;d  of  Align:!, 
1775,  t'le  cannon  were  lei.'.eil  upon,  by  order  ot  tin; 
congrefs,  though  the  Afia  man  ot  w.ir,  which  l.iy  in 
the  harbour,  tried  to  [irevcnt  it,  by  caiKionading  tlic 
town. 

At  tlie  fame  time  General  Carleton  was  indef'uig!- 
ble  in  ]>iitting  the  province  of  Can.ida  i.ito  a  proper  Hate 
of  delence.  And  the  e.irl  of  Dnnmore,  governor  of 
\'irr;iiaa,  having  t'lought  proper  to  take  retiige  on  boaid 
a  flap  of  war,  harralied  the  coail,  and  iv,.iJe  frei]'ienc 
delcents  upon  the  kill  mentioned  province,  laying 
w.ilte  the  country  ;  cariying  otV,  (T  fpiking  up,  a  great 
mimber  of  cannon;  dellroyin;i;  \all  tptantitics  of  mili- 
tary II ores  belongln,.';  to  the  I'roviiiclals,  \c.  i^cc.  Bui, 
on  the  other  fi.le,  f.irtSt.  John  Inirendereil  to  the  Pro- 
vincial forces,  on  the  j.l  of  Nove'.nber,  1775,  and  tl.:.' 
ganil'on  became  prilor.cr'. 

On  the  1  ;ith  ot  November,  i"75,  ihc  Regulari  and 
i^Dvincials  had  a  hot  eng.igement  ne.ir  S.uannah,  ii» 
(leorgia,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated :  i\nJ  on 
the  3111  of  LX'cembei,  in  the  lame  year,  the  Provin;-iat 
General  Montgomery,  who  had  tor  luuic  tl;iie  lail  liege 
to  the  city  of  QD'-"'^'^!  attempted  to  t.ike  it  by  llorm. 
In  till:,  attempt,  however,  he  w.is  di-icatetl  and  fl-iin, 
wiili  I'.veral  of  hii  oflicers,  and  about  e. 3  private  men, 
and  ^^o  were  taken  prifoner-..  On  January  the  4tn, 
1 7  7 0,  tome  fliips  of  war  delUoved  t;.«  t'j-.v.i  yf  Xortblkj 
in  N'irt'inia, 


'    !-■ 


,«lt 


't      ilffin 


7    P 


General 


i;74        A  M AV,  ROYAl.,  ANn  AI'TIIINTIC  SY.^Tr.M  or  UNIVFRSAI.  GF.OGRArHY. 


¥'■  •! 


I.,..-. 


.;      il 


(ii'iicMl  (ii;',r  liivin^  In'cii  rtvMlIi'i!,  Climral  I  liiwi', 
wlu)  I'lici'i'iJiil  ill  tin-  ii'ium.iiul,  tlioiiiju  |i:<>ihi-  t) 
cv.u  u.iti'  the  ti'Ati  of  Wolldi),  wliidi  lir  i-llV(fli.il  nil  tl.i 
i^rli  of  M.iicli,  1  ■,;(',  ami  mule  j'.ood  liis  l.iiulinj;, 
anil  tl-.f  i.ij'Vi.c  i)t'  New  Voil..  In  Jtnie,  i77''i  .' 
ba:tle  V..IS  tnii'iit  ill  Can.ula,  lirt^seen  li'c  lte;vil.;i^, 
liiulcr  Crcr.ir.i!  V^'nlami,  ami  t!ie  I'roum.' '.1*,  ataplaee 
caliiil  liiiie  Kivers  vlifii  the  latnr  were  ikieateil, 
many  of  liiem  lieiii;';  ki'iKJ  ami  whuikIiJ,  ami  aliout 
■:  taken  I'tit'nerv.  In  June,  177'',  an  attriiij.t  was 
m.ulc  (in  Chalks  I'fiwn,  Smith  C.iioliiia,  by  Sir  IVter 
I'.iiker,  at  the  head  ul'a  tleet  ot' ;!',i;)h(it War,  aiKJCieiie- 
ral  Cliiiton,  with  a  Inuly  of  laiui  Imeesi  but  it  laileii  ol 
tiKTeis.  On  tiie  4\i  v\  June  lullowinp,  the  cunjiiel-. 
ik'i  kirej.  the  iMJiii'.'.es  indej  endci'.t. 

AluT  tlie  Kiiif's  tm'ij\s.\\ere  in  pdirrfTion  of  N'e«' 
■^'oik,  iiiaiv.  ikiuir.d.e.s  l,..;  ]'e;;id  bvfAcrn  thini  -.inil 
the    Provincials  h  it   not'iing    d'.v'ifive    till    C">  u.hcr, 


1776,  w!un 


rtcT   were   di^eateJ,  111    an   a^tMii, 


uliic!'.,  f:>>;n  thi.-  I'l.iee  «!•.•  'r  it  was  I'ji:, 
tiie  battle  o!  I'.ie  \\  lii'e  l'l.iii!>. 


lit,    Wab  teiU'iL' 


In  the  I'.uiiitil  of  X'lveiilbi 


-■  C\  I  ort  Wafinr^- 


ton,  aiu!  1  iirt  l.ee,  weie  taken  l>y  lae  Britilh  fnr.eb, 
tinietl'.er  with  a  vhm  variety  I't  p-',iit,uv  llores,  and 
ni.nn' [viiiiiier^.  In  l)eeen)btr  Rhode  Iiland  was  taken 
h\  (.ier.iral  C'llnron.  Ab  )Ut  tlie  kinie  time  Lord  L'or.\- 
waiii-  took  poli'.-:li"ii  of  ball  Jeilevi.and  (ieneral  !  .ee 
v.a.i  taken  piilor.cr  bv  a  patrol-,  lonliiliiv!,  ot  :  ■■  Bri;i!li 
lira.:  ions,  eonviianded  by  l.ieuteninl-L'olor.el  (alter- 
waidj  Lord)  i  i.uMiiirt. 

Several  ikirii.illies  happened  in  the  b(i;innin{;  of  the 
year  f77.  in  the  Jeiu-ys,  with  variotib  liKcels.  On 
iiie  z.ivi  ..ikI  z.;ih  of  M  lull,  a  great  ini.intity  of  pruvi- 
lions,  lloies,  Cwc.  with  barracks,  llnrehoules,  iicc. 
beloni'.in;^  to  the  l'r)\iniials,  were  ilcilroyed  by  tli' 
King'b  troops  nt  I'eck's  Hill,  rjvni  t!ie  North  Kiver. 
'{'he  criii.'ers  be^;n•.;•n^  to  L-.id  I  biwe  and 'Jomiiio- 
il.jre  lliithim's  IatT,  lontimied  10  take  many  prizes. 
In  ContKctitut,  on  tl.e  ijth  of  A]  ril,  1777,  tiie 
Kinii's  troops  deltroyul  a  lmc:  iji.iai.iity  oi  Uoies  't 
Danbiiry. 

(irnrral  Burgovr.e,  widi    the    imriliern    arniv,  pro- 

eicded  to  Ticoiulerau'i,  an.!  for:  Ir.d'-'pciulenr.,  which 

lie  took  polTeHiMi  ot  July  C,   17'  ',  :.i'.d  found  in  them 

_  r<  ar  i.i.antiries  of  Ibnes  and  provi'idiis,  bi  lides  >\!iat 

nc  di-nn  '.  ed  ol  b  ith  at  Skene Iboroiii/h.     Soon  after  f.e 


I  ol.eti'.nii  of  1-urt  b.dward, 


wluc'i  tlie 


I'll 


;.paiHi'  nid,  aiid   thru    procccd.ed    to    Saratoi^a,  wl,e:e 
tliev  Wire  lbun^;lv  polled. 

t,)n  the  1  ith  1  :  Sep'-cinber,  177",  the  troojvs  under 
t!ic  comniand  ol'  ( ieneral  1  lowc,  had  an  enLMin'ment 
with  tiie  Provincials  on  the  lleiiilits  of  Brandywine,  in 
wiikii  many  were  killed  and  woiinded  (jn  bo''  ikies,  and 
4_~  Piovin.ials  were  taken  priloner.s:  but  thf)U<:ih  tl:e 
iattirwMC  defeated,  and  the  action  at  lirfl  feemed  of 
v.n  i;i. ill  iiive  nature,  yet  it  occafioneil  I'hihuielpiiia  to 
tail  u'.tn  t!ie  hands  of  the  IJiicii!'.  toops.  W  hile  (iei-.e- 
I  il  1  hiue  was  thiN  ei-ni)lovid,  an  unfuccel'siul  attack 
v..,s  ni.'ile  bv  til'.-  Pioviiiii.ils  on  Statea  iiland  ;  fir  tiny 
vi-:e  i,j:i:lli(l.  MirIi  aliout  t!ie  lame  time  (ieneral 
t.  .;,,t')n  lioiuied  an  1  took  foic  Clinton  and  I'oit.Munt- 
1^  ,i;i(  r-. . 

l):ii;ie  p  th  of  Ocii'ber,  17"",  the  provirici.ils  rn- 
(!iT  tiie  i"n.:!i.;nd  of'dincral  dates,  havin^  iKiiouiuied 
(icniT,.!  lin:;;  .Mie'^  army  at  Sara'onj,  the  latter  thou, dit 
proper  ro  rr.ti  ;•  i:ro  ariii  It  s  ot' capitulation,  bywhuh 
lamlejf  and  li;,  troop_s  alter  laying;  down  their  ar:;;', 
were  to  have  a  tree  p.il!aij;e  to  (iif.ic  Hiitain. 

In  ilie  la'tcr  11;  i  it  th.-  year  177;  feveral  forf;  were 
i.d.en  bv  till'  tr^i";  .  .  i'.  1  ihi]  i.ilt;  and  many  Ikirinirnes 
happened  (in   tiie  l;.ii.'.^  of  the   Delaware,  in  order  to 


army  at  Plcilad'  1- 
..Liiaicvl    tl.iir    i;i- 


.-ti  -ip  t.ie  co:!in;o  ,1  .n  ^n  witii  1 

!i,      '1  iie    Pl.'Vi.-:  ..1.    iikewi'.e 

,.  i.'iuiits  a'  !<(/,!  liii.k. 

1  i.c  1  a!ii;'ai;;:i  of  177,1  licLr.'.n  bv  many  rava;.;es  iiii'de 
■.,  •  !'r::::;i  l:  i.ips  in  t':  •  :.:■;;.:';;)■  ■■ji hood  of  i'iiila- 
:,  ,  ,ii.  I  t'-.'-y  I  ,l:>!,i-d  iheiiuiives  of  jiteat  ipia::- 
.•!  :  iiir."  ■■  ',''.'/.■■  ,  I  .ouiiijii  ,  Vv'iuli,  i\... 


On  the  I'Jth  of  June  Cienrral  Clinton  (Sir  Willinn 
!  lowe  lia\in;;  preMoullv  departed  liir  li:;;land,  and  Id' 
to  liim  ihe  j;rand  idiiuii  iiul  nt  the  liritil'i  forces,)  inir 
liiant  to  tie  inlliik  tioiii  received  from  govt  rnineiit, 
evacuated  i'hiladi  Iphi.i.  I  le  was  .itt.icke.i  on  Im  march 
by  t!ie  Provincials,  mIioIc  I'rimipal  object  appeared  to 
be  the  gainiiiir  poili-llitn  ol  the  I'ritilli  ba[.'>;ai,i;e  :  biit 
in  this,  however,  they  were  dilappointed,  ami  every 
\\here  repull'ed. 

.\boiitthi,  time  the  lail  of  Carliile,  Mr.  Pdm,  and 
Govi  rnor  Jclml'.jr.r,  were  lent  iis  c  jiniuilhoners  Iron) 
tireat  Britain,  to  treat  of  a  p.uiiii  .111011  with  .Aiiierici, 
but  they  did  not  meet  wi:;i  ilie  luccels  tli.it  every  true 
loMT  of  both  countries  willicil. 

On  the  loili  of  December  C'omir.odori'  I  lotlum  ar- 
lived  at  Ikirbadoes  with  about  4'  co  trooj  s  Iroiii  1mi'»- 
land,  where  he  was  joiiiMl  by  a  liiiall  li)u,nir.)n  under 
the  command  of  Adiiiir.;!  li.irriii'/ton.  1  hey  failed  to- 
gether tt)  St.  Iviiia,  where  tliev  landed  the  troops; 
Init  lieti  re  they  ioiild  m.ike  themiclves  mailers  of  the 
il'.and,  Count  D'LlLugn  appeared,  and  i.uidcd  50:^0 
men.  I  !e  was,  however,  repiilled  with  great  llatigSter, 
and  the  iiun  obliged  to  m.ike  a  nrccipit.ite  retreat  'o 
their  flilpsi  .!;-,uiilt  whiili  Adii.ir.il  Barrington's  liiiall 
force  had  iully  defended  the  harbours. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  )ear  17~<)  t«o  bndie?  of 
forces,  one  under  tiie  comm.iml  of  C'l'lonel  Campbell, 
and  the  Dtlier  from  St.  Ai'i'.nllin,  in  MoMda,  were  or- 
dered for  the  rediRiion  of  (icoi"M,  in  wl.iili  tliey  liic- 
ceiiled  .liter  a  lew  aLlioiis  and  deljierate  icfalaaie  ffoiii 
thtir  opponents. 

In  tiie  month  of  December  Count  D'L.llaign,  l,avii,.'> 
coik]ueied  the  (irenailes  and  St.  \  incent's,  laid  dole 
liege  to  Charles  I'own,  tiieii  in  the  li.mds  of  Sir  1  lenry 
Clinton,  but  was  repulkd  witli  great  llaughter,  and 
hiniiell  levercly  wounded  in  the  adioii. 

Ill  the  month  of  April,  r.^'o.  Sir  I  lenry  Clinton 
quitted  Charles  1  own,  ai.d  went  to  New '\'ork,  leaving 
the  care  of  the  f  irnier  place  to  the  Lords  Coinwallis 
a;id  iiav.>!on.  1  lie  ,\;iKiicans,  during  his  abfencc, 
made  lt\eial  att'-iiipts  on  the  place,  but  were  always 
repiillcd,  osving  to  the  \i;^ila.ice  of  the  Biiiilh  loiu- 
maiider. 

Dmlng  Admiral  BvniiN  llav  in  the  Well-indies,  he, 
in  coinpanv  with  Adniiial  llanington,  engaged  the 
brench  ofi'  St.  \inrent's,  with  fi'ne  lols,  both  parties 
el, liming  liie  victory.  About  the  lame  time  Count 
D  I  ll.ugn  made  an  iiii!iiccel'--fiil  expedition  to  the  Sa- 
vannali,  ami  afterwards  returned  to  brance. 

ScMiie  time  after  tliis  Admiral  Ko.lney  (wholiad  been 
witli  fuccc  urs  to  the  relief  of  dibialtar,  then  cloldy 
belieged  by  the  Spaniarils)  ariivid  in  the  Wfll -Indies, 
and  enga,'(d  tf.e  biench  t'eet  under  tlie  command  of' .\L 
(niichen,  but  it  terminaced  without  any  mateiial  vic- 
tory on  cither  fide. 

About  this  time  hollilitics  uere  commenced  between 
Circat  Britain  and  the  I  nitcd  States  of  llulland,  owing 
t(i  a  bag  (,f  papers  being  f  lunil  belonging  to  Mr. 
Laurens,  formerly  jirelidiiit  of  the  continental  coni'iefs, 
who  w,c.  taken  liy  his  M.iidly's  frigate  the  \'ellal,  as 
he  w.ii  jialllng  over  to  1  loilaiid.  Nlr.  l.-.urens,  after 
his  ex.iminatioii,  wa.s  committecl  dote  prifontr  to  the 
f  o.v(  r. 

I)uiii:[^  tlielc  tranfactions  a  mutinous  Ij  iiit  prcvailcil 
amon'^  the  continental  fjrces  in  .\merica.  Brigadier 
iXrnold  had  for  fijme  time  In  Id  a  correlp'.'iidence  with 
the  liiglilli  Ciener.il,  which  was  principally  earned  on 
liy  means  of  Major  Andrf,  a.liut.uu-geiieral  tj  the 
Britilli  army,  '1  his  young  ollicer  gave  Arnold  a  meet- 
in  at  a  jilace  appointed,  i''e  latter  of  whom  adviled 
him  to  dilguii'e  liimlilf,  ,in(l,  lai  ler  the'  feigned  name 
of  John  .'\iKleilon,  to  m.il^c  his  w.iy  fjr  New  York. 
I  his  advice  he  readily  followed ;  but  at  a  jlai  e  cillcd 
berry  'i'o.ui  was  Irc.-ed  by  t.'iice  militia  men,  airl  coii- 

I  le  w.ib  iiiiniediatelv 


diuted  to  denei.il  \\  alh!ngr'.:n. 
tiii  il   bv   a  couri-nr.;;i,d   .c>   a 


II-}': 


and   beiiii!   tou.n.I 


friiiiy,  ai.  1  Iciitenceil  to  death,  was  t:\ec  ,ited  a^.cord- 


V'auglian,  .uid  tl 


boo'y  of  Briiiif 


rnv. 

[■lir  Willnin 
l.irul,  ami  Id' 
lori'rs,)  pur 
l^'ivt  riiin;rir, 
o^i  liii  m.irtli 
1  .ippcaitil  to 
l).i"j.-,.ija' :  lii,t 
.111' I    every 

Ir.  lilin,  ami 
i.Diu'i'-.  (ruin 
•Mill  Aiiidiia, 
every  tun: 

(•  I  lotliam  ar- 

s  Iroiii  l-'.MH- 
ii.ulr.Hi  iiiulir 

l.cy  l.iilcil  to- 
tlic  troop', ; 
mailers  ut  the 

laiidtii  5:0 
;rf.u  ll.ui[:,'\tfr, 

•.tf  rctrtat  'o 
riiij^ton's  liiull 

two  t-KHlit?  of 
ncl  (.:,i!ii[)btll, 
:  iJ.l,  were  or- 
l.iili  tl-.ey  luc- 
ichllaaie  Iroiii 

'Ifl.iigii,  li.ivii,;; 
■iit'.s,   laiil  (lulu- 
la  <)(  Sir  1  Kiiry 
n.iuy!itt-r,  ani.1 

1  leiiry  Clinton 
^'ork,  leaving 
^jrils  Coiiuvallis 
g  ills  abl'eiice, 
lit  Were  alAavi 
le    r>iiii|li  cuiu- 

/cll- Indies,  lit', 
1,  enj^.'.mil  the 
iK,  l)'Jili  jiarties 
le  time  Cuunc 
i'.ion  to  the  Sa- 
K'e. 

,■  (wlui  li.u!  Ueeil 
ir,  then  clulely 
le  Well -Indies, 
roniinaiulot  M. 
ly  material  vic- 

lenet'.l  lietween 
;  luilaiid,  o\\in;^ 
onuiiit^  to  Mr. 
ntiital  Cdiii'iel^, 
;  the  \ellal,  as 
.  I.-.urens,  ai'ter 
prilbner  to  the 

I]  iiit  [ircsaileil 
ica.  I'rigulier 
rlp'.mdeiRe  uilh 
pally  earned  m 
i^eneral  tj  the 
ArnolJ  anieet- 
wlioni  ad'/iled 
11:  feigned  name 
tor  New  York. 
,u  a  {'laie  ctlled 
nu'ii,  aii'.l  eoa- 
'.'.i  iiuinediateiv 
id  beint;  tound 
(ei'.ited  av-cord- 


AMi:PvICy\.] 


'I'lie  caiiipiign  of  the  yc.ir  17"!!  w.v.  (i|)ened  by  a 
«Ief|'erate  bittie  hetwie.i  the  Hiifiih  (^inev,  under  the 
jiiiiiaiid  of  l.oid  l'i.riiw..llis,  and  the  I'rovi.'ieials 
nil  I  r  the  eoinniand  of  tiener.il  Suiiipier.  I'hc  IJririlli 
fin  I  ■  pi  v  d  V  ■lorimis,  all  the  artillery  and  ammtiiii- 
tion  waj^i^)ii^  beion^iii';  i  )  liu-  eneniv  beiii;^  tiken,  and 
bet V  e>-n  esi-lit  and  nine  ImiaireJ  llaiii,  bclidrs  ertat 
iiwin!).rs  f  \eii  prifont!^. 

l)ii  /til  of  f'lanutv  l.ieiireniiir Colontl  Tarle- 
t(Mi,  heini;  ilmji  heij  wiih  a  biidy  ot  tnuA-.,  e:i';a|.',od  a 
flront',  partv  of  t' •■  enemy  ivar  I'road  Uivci,  under 
the  eommind  of  lieiknl  M  ir^aii.  I'hr  battle  eon - 
timii-d  oil  Liii.-te  oil  bn'li  !i,les  Uir  Uimr  tine,  fill  at 
leiij^tii  raiii'io.i  vva>  obli:-',ed  to  letnat,  liaviiit;  his  kill- 
ed aiui  Wounded  behind  lilii'. 

W  :iii;-  tiiefe  t!iiii;i,s  wc-re  takin;'  pkiee  on  the  eonti- 
neiit,  an  atta.k  was  made  ci  the  lliand  of  St.  I'.uka- 
tiu  ,  by  Sir  (ieii;;!,-  Hrydres  lioJ.i.ev  and  (iener.d 
\'aiia!ian,  .lud  the  \  '.  ue  was  fiirrendvied  by  the  enemy 
wit'i.ii:':  the  le.iK  relill.inci-.  'I'lie  ifiintity  oi'merehvi- 
ili/.e  fund  on  die  illaii  I  was  fo  great  tliat  the  warelioiil'e, 
could  11"  contain  it.  I'he  IiIiikK  <ir  .St.  .Martlia  and 
S.iba  h^evlle  fiirrenderevi,  1  his  blow  was  feverely 
fcUbvilie  Diiteli.  The  lh^p^  in  the  haihoui  w^  ri- \t-'u.- 
f  I,  .md  a  '!eet  of  ;p  I  ill  o(  meri  h  iniiiien  lill  into  the 
hinds  ot  the  I'.:il',1ii1i  ,  but,  on  their  way  home,  zz  ot 
thein  wtrr  le  iii.en  by  the  freneli. 

Abiii;  tills  ti  111;  the  .S|iaiii.irds  laid  li.;!;eto  I'enfarola, 
whirli  till  V  took  up  alter  an  oblliiiate  n  fill  in>  e.  '1  he 
pirrilo.i  lOraiiud  honorable  terms,  and  were  coiivey- 
til  .  1  New  ^'ork. 

During  th'  le  tranl.ivlioiis  the  v;\r  was  rairied  on  wi  h 
preat  vi;:;  ■  ir  on  the  coiuineni.  I'he  Iiiitilli  rriops  r^- 
pea  -dlv  balliil  me  elf.irts  of  the  I'rovinei.ils,  and  in 
iiiull  encoi.nrer>  came  of  vicloriou:..  Lonl  Coriiwallis 
t.';.;.i.L7.d  a  eonliderable  b(\iy  of  troop,,  under  the  com- 
iii.ind  of  (ieiier.il  tirccne,  at  the  town  of  (itiildford, 
and,  alter  an  obllinite  refiilance,  whieli  killed  abiAit 
iia.i  An  hour,  obtaiiieil  a  complete  v.ctorv,  ;^reat  num- 
bers of  tiie  I'roviiieials  beiii;^;  killed,  aiiil  the  rctl  put  to 
ll;;;ht.  General  (jreene,  h  )v\ever,  after  bein^  thus 
deflated,  marelied  to  Wilniiiij^r.Jii,  where  gettinj.^  lijine 
fuiiplies,  and  reeruilin;;  his  li.ittercd  lortes,  he  let  out 
f^ir  Camden,  whifii  he  expected  to  have  lound  ill  de- 
fended ;  but  l.Mid  K.iwd.in,  who  was  left  th'.'re,  iliil 
not  wait  tor  the  attack  of  tlie  e;u-my;  on  t:ie  eontiMry, 
lie  with  about  80  j  men,  niai('.'ii\l  out  to  meet  (ieneral 
(I'reene,  vdioin  lie  eneotinreud  and  tlefeated,  cbiif^iiig 
the  er.emy  tw  five  theiiilelves  liy  a  very  pixvipitate 
fli.^lu. 

On  the  2Cth  of  May  Ivirl  Cornwallis  arrived  at  I'e- 
terlb,ir;.'Ji  in  \  iiy.iiiia,  where  he  luiuetl  a  body  of  Uii- 
tilli  troop,  that  h.i.l  been  under  the  comm.md  of  Ma- 
jor <^eiKial  l'lulij)S,  but  the  command  of  wiiicli,  in 
(■onlei.|ueiu  e  of  the  •'•■atli  o(  that  ollieer,  li.id  devolved 
upon  B;i.;adier-;:etier.il  Arnold.  Bel'ore  this  junciion 
he  had  eiuountered  confalerable  ineonvenienecs  irom 
the  dilFKuhy  of  proaiiins;  provilkins  and  (or.ipe. 

On  t.he  :''th  of  June,  about  fix  miles  iVom  W'illiam- 
llniri'h,  I  ieutenant-coloiicl  Simeoe,  and  J5o  of  the 
<^ieen's  Rangers,  were  att.ieked  by  a  much  I'lperior 
b  niy  of  the  .Amerie.ins,  bi.r  whom  they  ri  |)ulfed  with 
j-'re.it  f,',alltntry,  ,ind  with  eijiial  llkcels,  makini;  four 
olileers  and  twenty  private  men  prifjiiers.  'rhe  lofs  of' 
the  Auieri'  .ins  in  iliis  action  amouiiteil  to  1  jo,  befules 
{,reat  uumii/rs  taken  prifmer-. 

On  the  otii  of  July  an  action  h.ippened  near  a  place 
tailed  (he  dreen  S|  riii._';s  in  \  ii.-iii;,!,  betwrr.n  a  recon- 
fioitriny  party  of  t!;e  Anu  lic.ub  under  deiu'ral  W.iviie 
amouiitinj;  to  about  S  jj,  and  a  ku!;e  |).irt  of  the  IJritilli 
army  under  lord  Cornwallis,  in  which  the  Americans 
r  ul  12/  killed  ami  wouiukd,  and  the  lols  ol  the  rov.i! 
troops  was  conlidcjably  pre.uer.  it  wa,,  an  aclion  in 
whiih  no  fmall  (k'-ree  of  milit.uy  Ikill  and  courage 
were  exhibited  by  the  Americans. 

Ill  .S  iiith  Carolina  ;'.n  action  h.ippened  on  the  i;di  of 
Sep-ember  ix.w  tlie  l''ai,uv  Spriii-'s  bctuecn  a  kiu.e 
body  ut  lirililh  troops,  ui.d.er  the  ecmm.md  of  Liei:'.e- 


A    M     r.    RICA.  j;i 

nant-colonel  Stewart,  ami  .1  mucii  fupeiior  indyoi'  A- 
im  rii  an  ,  amountin;:,  1 1  4-10  ■,  unlet  the  '..'mmand  iif 
(i.neial  (iieene.  h  was  an  obftinite  battle,  and  lalled 
tie.ir  t'.vi)  hours  ;  but  the  Americans  were  dcteatcd,  an  1 
two  of  tlitir  lix  iiotin  lers  fell  into  t!ic  hands  of  the: 
laiyiilli.  'I'lif  lols,  however,  of  the  royal  tro.ips  wa-i 
very  coiifiderable,  amounting  to  inore  than  40'j  killcJ 
.md  woimded,  and  iijiwards  of  :■  o  mifl'inp;. 

In  tli.i  eouile  of  tlif  l.ime  month  (ieneral  Arnoi.l  waa 
lent  Oil  .in  expedition  a^ainll  New  I.oinlun  in  Connec- 
ticut, where  he  deilroyed  a  ^reat  part  ot'  tlu'  tliijipiny;, 
and  An  iinmenle  (piantity  of  Naval  thircs,  l.uropcan 
iiKinufadurcs,  ami  I'.all  and  Welt  Iiulia  commodities. 
'I'he  town  iti'elf  was  alio  burnt,  wliieii  was  iinavoid- 
.iMe  on  account  of  the  explolions  of  i;reat  ijuantitii-s 
ol  (^iinp)wder,  wIiIlIi  liip[iened  to  be  in  the  llore- 
Iniifcs  thic  Were  fct  on  lire.  A  f irr,  of  wliicli  it  wai 
tiiou;;lit  necelfiry  to  gain  polleflion  in  this  expeilition, 
was  not  t.ikeii  with'iut  eonliderable  lofs.  '1  liis  was  fort 
(infwuld,  which  was  defended  by  the  American-  with 
^reat  gallantry,  and  the  allaulc  w  i,  nu  Ij  by  ti-.e  I'.ng- 
li.!i  witli  ci|  I  il  bravery.  1  he  Ikitilh  troo[.>  entered 
the  works  witli  lixed  bayonets,  and  were  oppoied  with 
•'re.it  vi.noui  bv  the  j^arrilon  with  Ion;;  fpears,  .After  a 
moll  obllm.ite  Uefl  nee  of  near  firiy  minutes  t!ie  iifiail- 
ants  i;.Hned  pollelVion  of  the  foiT,  in  which  85  Ameri- 
cans were  to  11  id  dead,  and  6a  wounded,  moll  of  theni 
m  irt.illy.  Of  the  Brialli  troops  Major  Montjjo.iiery 
w.is  killed  by  a  fjiear  in  entering  tlie  American  works: 
and  uj2  men  were  .ilfo  killed,  and  wounded  in  this  cx- 
palition. 

During  thefe  tranl'afti  >ns  the  moll  elTc'iuil  meafiircs 
were  adojitcd  by  (ieneral  Wiilli'ngton  for  lurro;:i'.  i.,-,;; 
the  Hriridi  army  under  earl  Cornwaiiis.  A  large  bi)dy 
of  I'lench  troops  timler  tiie  eoinmauvl  of  l^ie'iteniint- 
gencral  tlie  Count  de  Kochambrau,  with  a  very  co;ifi- 
derable  train  of  artillery  .iirdled  in  the  tn'.erprize.  The 
.\mericans  amoimttd  to  near  8jOd  continentals,  and 
5acj3  militia,  and  General  \Valhiii;-:ton  was  inverted 
with  the  chief  command  of  thefe  conibined  firce-. 

In  the  mean  time  varioti.,  Ikirmidies  took  place  in 
ilili'erent  puts  of  tlie  .Vmericaii  co:icir,e;ir,  and.  were 
attended  with  various  liiccels  j  but  in  general  the  i'.ng- 
liili  L'.iined  the  lu[K-ri  )i::v. 

On  the  I  8th  of  (Ja  ;ber,  1781,  a  mill  delpcrat? 
battle  took  place  between  the  con)iinftive  forces  iiiivler 
the  I'riiviiuiil  (jeiieral  \Va:liiii,;ton  and  M.  Rochain- 
beau,  the  I'rench  comman.ler,  and  the  Uritilli  troops 
under  the  command  of  L.orvl  Cornwallis.  Tlie  kittcr 
was  fituated  in  a  very  difadvantageous  fp  it,  bein^ 
hemmed  in  on  one  fide  by  the  frencli  fleet  in  tiie  Che- 
fapciik  River,  and  011  the  oth-r  by  the  contiivnral  laiul 
f)rccs.  The  attack  was  made  with  great  rclMution  by 
tlie  enemy,  antl,  tor  fome  time,  as  llrongly  refilled  by 
the  brave  Connvallis,  who  cut  to  pieces  the  greater  part 
c<f  three  regiments  of  the  French  forces ;  bt.t  being  a; 
lengtli  overpowered  with  numbers,  he  was  obligeil  to 
I'laaender,  and  enter  into  the  like  articles  of  capituku:!':i 
as  took  pl.u  e  with  ger.eral  liurgo\ne  at  Saratoga.  Sir 
I  Icnry  Clinton  had  left  New  '\'ork  with  a  conlideiali'.e 
body  of  forces,  in  ortler  to  give  atlillance  to  the  brave 
Cornwallis;  but,  by  a  manivuvre  of  General  Walliing- 
ton  (who,  a  fliort  time  before,  ap()eared  to  have  foiv.e 
defigns  againll  New  'N'ork)  Sir  1  lenry  was  too  latr ,  and 
the  wliole  army  of  l.crd  Cornwallis,  which  ainou.'itid 
to  7000  men,  fell  into  the  li.inds  of  tiie  Provincials.  The; 
earl  m.ide  a  defence  liat.ible  to  the  cliaractcr  he  had 
ac([uiretl  for  courage  and  military  fl^ill;  but  he  was 
CI  mpclled  to  lubmit  to  fiiT'tior  numbers.  A  confide- 
lable  number  ef  cannon,  a.,d  a  large  iiuantity  of  tuili- 
taiy  llores,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Americans  on  thu 
occalion. 

'I'he  furrender  of  earl  Cornwallis  w:is  tiie  kill  mili- 
tary iraiil.ic'don  of  iiioment  on  the  coiitiiunt  of  Nortli 
America,  and  led  to  the  conclulion  of  a  civil  war, 
wliic  h  h.id  been  iinliapplly  attemled  witii  the  lufs  of  a 
vail  prolufiun  of  blood  a:id  trcalure  on  both  fides. 

No 


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M; 


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5/6         A  NF.W,  ROYAL,  and  AUTIIFNTIC  SYSTIM  o?  irMI\  FRSAL  GEOGRAPHY. 


lis ' . 

fu 


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Hl 


\i  tli'i 


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No  other  event  of  tlut  war  coiitrilviteJ  ll)  nfTii'^iMlly 
to  prodiuc  .1  j^riii  r.il  I'onviitioii  in  tlir  iiiiiuli  ot  men 
0(  tlie  imi'r.K'tic.ibilitv  of  the  coiKiufll  ot  ihc  Aiiif- 
riiMii  Cfilonif!',  cfpeti.ilfy  as  they  hail  funntU  fiich  pow- 
frliil  .illi.inri'.s. 

When  ir/clii.'i'ncc  of  t!ie  ilif-.u  of  I'.irl  Cornw.iilis 
arrivcii  ill  ['.r,^!.!:!.!,  that  ronvicti  i.i  a;i|  ciri-il  to  l>',-  ii - 
rtfilViUle;  fur  iiirn  of  ail  ranks  aii.l  |  .'.riivi  now  ilc- 
cLiimct,!  af^aiiill  tiie  lontiiitMnie  of  a  w.ir  iiii|ir(K'uvlive 
of  tiic  cflicts  oriL^iii.illv  ilfl'iyiu'il,  ami  alil'^l'.iti'y  rui- 
nous to  the  iiitcrrltN  of  hotii  countries. 

A  ineirbcr  of  the  Britilh  I  louli*  of  Common:.,  i:i 
Deceinljcr  1781,  niaiie  two  niotioiH  ilcclaratory  of  the 
ffnle  of  tlic  iioute  ai^jinll  the  turther  prclci'.itiun  of  the 
American  war. 

On  t!ie  ::il  of  I'cbruary  \  78:  a  motion  w.'s  rnaJe  of 
tlu'  fame  ten.lciuy  by  a  luiiitarv  oli'.cer,  a::. I  neLMrivi-.j 
hy  only  one  voice.  In  a  lliorc  :ime  alar  the  lau.c  mo- 
tion being  larricJ,  inihuciiinid  were  iiir|>.itthdJ  in  lon- 
feijuencc  of  tl-.e  rcfoiution  ci'  the  lioulir  ol  Sir  Guy 
Carleton  (who  fucceedcii  Sir  Henry  Chnton  in  il.e 
rotimianJ  of  the  army  anil  the  govenniicnt  of  New- 
York '  to  u:e  hi>  utmoll  enileavouri  lor  |  ruducing  an 
aceomnvulatinn  with  ti.e  Amercans. 

Sir  Guy  Carleton  having  rcccivei.1  tliefe  .uivices,  ilii- 
pitclied,  i.i  tlie  month  of  Slay,  178;,  a  letter  to  (>e- 
ner.il  Walhingtoii,  informing  them  of  the  proceedings 
of  parliament,  of  the  difpolition  prcv.ilent  both  in  th.it 
body  and  the  Hiitilli  government,  and  of  hi-,  own  con- 
frquent  inllruilio.n-,  accomjanicd  with  fucli  written  or 
printed  docunienta  as  were  necefiary  tr  ilkillrate  and 
tuihentirate  wha:  he  had  flated. 

As  by  a  relohninn  of  the  Britilh  Iloiife  of  Com- 
mons p>wer5  had  been  |j,ranted  to  the  erov^n  tor  nego- 
tiation and  concluding  a  general  or  particular  peace  or 
iiuce  with  tiie  whole,  or  any  part,  of  the  American;,, 
the  feveral  dates  rrjirtjbuted  t!:r  idea  of  opening  lepa- 
rate  negociations  witli  particular  governments,  or  bo- 
dies of  men,  or  even  of  attempting  t(<  o|'cn  a  treaty 
with  Congrefs  without  the  concurrence  of  liis  allies,  and 
came  to  a  general  determination  to  exert  theii  urmolt 
power  conjunclivrly  to  carry  on  the  war  with  vigour 
until  peace  Ihould  be  obtained  in  a  m.ii;ner  confiilent 
with  their  national  uraon. 

A  refoUition  was  alfo  pafTed  by  Congrel's,  that  tlie 
United  Rates  couM  nit,  with  propriety,  hold  any  con- 
f.'rence,  or  treaty,  with  any  conmiifhoners  on  the  part 
fjf  Great  Britain,  unkls  they  Ihould,  as  a  preliminary 
thereunto,  either  withdraw  their  tlcets  or  armies,  or 
elfe,  in  politive  and  cxprefs  terms,  acknowledge  the 
independence  of  the  laid  States. 

In  the  month  of  Odobcr  Congrefs  ifTued  a  public 
declaration,  in  which,  after  reciting,  that  i 'ranee  and 
thev  were  equally  bjund  by  the  con  licions  ot  their  al- 
liance, that  neither  fliould  conclude  either  peace  or 
truce  With  Great  Britain  without  the  ctjnlent  of  the 
ctlicr,  and  obfcrving  that  their  minifters  in  Kurope 
were  veiled  with  full  power  and  authority  in  their  be- 
lial.*",  and  in  confort  with  ib-u  allies,  to  iiegociate  and 
c,-):-,ciuJc  a  g-iieral  peace,  they  proceeded  to  declare, 
in  the  ftrongcil  terms,  their  fixed  and  unalterable  de- 
termi.M'.ion  inviolably  to  aLJlicrc  to  the  treaty  of  alli- 
ance widi  hi:  mod  Ciiiirtian  Maielty,  ai.d  to  conclude 
neither  a  Icparate  peace  or  truce  with  Great  Britain ; 
and  that  they  would  not  enter  into  tiic  UiUuir;on  of  any 
overtures  tor  pacification,  but  in  confidence  and  in 
confort  with  liis  moR  Chrillian  MajeRy. 

While  the  Americans  were  thus  avowing  their  in- 
flexible attachment  to  their  allies,  and  endeavouring, 


as  it  were,  to  iIuk  out  every  nvi-rtiirr  towards  a  liprratf 
acconimo  lation,  t!ie  Itellrermt  powers  in  Kuro(^« 
leemed  o.  ^oled  to  pauilic  me.iliires. 

As  the  Mttainment  of  the  indepcndenrp  vi'  America 
was  avowevlly  the  grant  ubje^f  of  the  l-Vench  court 
in  tiie  war,  its  beinj;  granted  teemed  at  once  to  remove 
tli<-  very  ■■round  of  erntention.  W  itli  relpet'l  to  tlic 
adjullnient  of  iiiartirs  with  the  nriii:h  court,  il.ardid 
not  leem  to  br  very  difficult,  as,  though  tlie  a.qui:itions 
ol  I'lan.e  in  t!ie  \\  til  Indies  were  eonliderabie,  her 
li'tirs  in  the  I'atI  Kit  ihc  means  of  a  coi.lijeiablc  equi- 
valent in  the  liau.U  ol  the  I'.r^lilh. 

.■\s  to  Sp..in,  which  feetns  to  have  entered  i.iro  tlic 
war  rather  n.  .iii  au::il:,iry,  and  in  coiiii-.yriKt-  of  the 
family  co-;ipart,  tlinn  a,  a.-fin.j  upon  liaticmal  prin- 
ciples,  lifiiner  ilie  tir.bui..i::d  I'.at'e  of  firr  finai.i.-fs, 
the  repealed  t'lil.iie  i{  her  dci'ivis  upon  Jamaica,  l.cr 
vrry  fij-n.d  dch-..:  at  '  .il'i  .'r.ir,  or  o-'-er  circiimRances 
of  her  then  coidiiii*!,  lunad  fj  af](;rd  any  Iblid '!iound 
upon    wliidi    Ilis    could    reaiuiiably   elLblilh  "»\irther 

ll.li:ns. 

■file  rnired  States  ,,f  Ilollind,  fill.ii  and  liigrad- 
e;' to  il.t- lowcR  degree.  Wire  reduced  to  the  nec<  li.ty 
ol  Impending  entirely  upon  the  favours  and  protection 
o:  iTaiue,  as  well  in  the  torn li 'ion  of  a  peace  a-.  Ihc 
had  through  the  progiefs  of  the  war. 

With  iffpeCt  to  the  genera!  circimRane.s  of  the 
contending  p.uties,  the  niolf  fuccelsful  members  of  d.c 
alliance,  great  and  formidable  as  it  was,  liarcely  Rood 
nukh  leis  in  need  of  peatc  than  Cirrat  Briraiii,  ri'jt- 
uithltanding  all  her  loires,  and  expol.d  as  the  jud  li> 
long  been  as  a  common  mark  to  withlland  fiiigly  all 
their  attacks  in  every  c|uartcr. 

Under  thele  general  ciiciimRances  of  the  contend, 
ing  powers,  the  indepi  ndence  of  Anurica  bring  al- 
lowed, there  did  not  ftcm  to  be  any  inlurmouniable 
olillaJe  in  the  way  to  the  reRuratio'n  of  the  j-ublic 
traiujuility. 

I  ;ii.  plin  v,.as  adopted  by  the  new  admrniOration  in 
I'ni^Lind  by  i.'itir  coinin^j  into  power;  eommiirioner; 
.and  |)lenii«)tentiaries  were  appointed  by  the  refpeCtivc 
powers,  and  on  the  ;:th  of  November  ijX.',  provili- 
oimI  articles  were  ligned  by  the  c(initniii;o,.i  rs  iVoni  his 
Britannic  .Mait-lfy,  and  t.'ie  commilhoners  on  the  part 
of  tlie  United  States  of  America,  which  were  to  be  in- 
lertcd  in,  an  1  to  conRitute  a  fiirtire  ti'-iry  of  peace 
to  be  finally  com  faded  between  the  panics  w.hen  that 
between  Great  Bri.ain  an.l  Kr.ince  took  phue. 

The  hiRr-y  of  this  civil  war  is  handed  dov.n  at  large 
to  poRerity  bv  able  wirerj,  in  order  to  fcrve  as  the 
moR  forcible  1<  (K.n-.  r  inRrui'iion  to  tlie  fovcieigns  and 
fubjccfs  of  every  Rate.  In  the  courle  of  lucli  a  war 
the  palllons  niav  be  lu|ipolcd  to  be  in.lamed  to  a  hi:'h 
degree  of  rancour  ;  but  this  will  ever  be  tf.e  cale  in  all 
fublunary  events;  and  the  cruelties  [  repetrated  on  ei- 
ther tide  by  heated  or  unprincip'led  individuals  i",  in- 
telligent pf ilbn  will  impute  to  •'  ■•  national  character  at 
large.  '1  he  virti.es  that  ihine  in  human  n:,uic,  and 
render  life  dcfirable  and  happv,  are  tlie  growth  of  no 
j:ar:icu!,ir  country ;  for  wlir  ■•  the  light  of  knowL-dge 
is  diliii'.ed,  th'.ir  endearing  in.'luence  v.dl  lie  iMt  widi 
irreliltible  farce;  and  tlx  poRerity  of  Great  Britain 
arid  America,  while  they  read  with  concern  the  p'  ren.y 
of  th-.ir  fathers,  lu.iy  be  nobly  \>ing  viiJi  eadi  othir 
in  virtuous  and  philolophical  emul.ui.  .n,  a;  d  cultivai- 
ing  fucli  Iriendiy  connections  as  luay  render  both  a  great 
and  happy  people. 


fym^ 


■n 


\M    Ji 


BOOK 


J. . ' 


\pnY. 

^.mls  a  liprratf 
i>)    in   l'.'jro[ic 

'f  ( t'  .\m!Tii.-.\ 
l-'rcncli  (.oiirt 
)IK<'  to  rrniovtr 
ri-l['ii.i  ti)  tlir 
lourr,  t!;.ir  i!i(i 
the  i>:vHii:'iti()ns 
^nltik'r.iUli.*,  Iicr 
.liJci.i.blc  (.vim- 


rnttTivl  hta  tlic 
i'll'ifiicf  of  the 
ii.itiim.il  prin- 
t  her  liiiaiiccs, 
t\  |.iM;.i;ia,  I.er 
r  ciu'uinll.jn<.i"5 
.inv  Mw\  ;MuiM'il 
fthiblilh    turilier 

11  ;inJ  liipra^l- 

to  the  nrcili.ty 

anii  prori'Cti'in 

3  peace  as  llie 

mrtam'ts  of  the 
mtnibiTs  ()!  the 
s,  I'caicfly  lUioJ 
rat  Britain,  not- 
I  as  ll'.f  hail  l(> 
;hU.iiiJ  liiitjly  all 

of  the  conttnd- 
lurita  l)tint»  al- 
y  inlurniouiH.iMe 

II  of   tlic   jAiblic 

adm-ninration  in 
r;  coinmillioners 
In-  the  rcfja'rtive 
icr  ly'^.',  [rovifi- 
lididi.i  r-.  hnni  his 
)ncr->  f))i  the  part 
icli  \v(  ri.-  to  be  in- 
'  tr'-iry  of  peace 
■r.riif-,  wlicn  thac 
jk  pla^c. 

(leJ  il)V.n  at  iar^c 
r  to  f^rve  as  the 
the  fovi'ieigns  and 
rk-  of  lucii  a  war 
inJamcd  to  a  hi^K 

be  tl'.e  calt;  in  all 
[}a-pet;atcd  on  ti- 
in.liviiliiaK  p-)  iii- 
tioii.ll  character  aC 
uinian  n:,iire,  aiul 

the  £ro\\tii  of  no 
ight  of  knowL-.if^e 
e  v.;ll  lie  f.-lt  wi'.li 

of  Great  Britain 
:onctrii  the  |''  rt-n.y 
ig  Willi  imlIi  oiliir 
.iti'in,  aid  ciiltivat- 
rtnder  both  a  tjitat 


Y, 


oduces 


and, 


ol 


to  th( 


pli< 

i 


le. 


I  and 
and 


■h 


er 


Cir- 


10  n 


.  Hi 
:ry 
(ing 
tail 
Ced 


BOOK 


»is 


int 


m 


11 


■.I 


iw 


"i 


lit 


No  othc 
to  prodiKC 
6f  the  i'u 
ric.iii  c-i>l;ir 
frti:l  .illi.'.n 

When  ■ 
arrivcJ.  in 

cl.iimcd  .i< 

of  the  cF 

nous  to  th 

A  iner 

Dfccsr.bc 

ftn'.c  ot"  tl 

Ameiic.iii 

On  the 

the  lame 

by  only  o 

tion  bfin; 

fftiuince 

Carlcton 

cniiinuni 

York    tc 

acconinv 

Su  i.i 

patc'if.!, 

nti.il  W 

oi'  parli.i 

\y\'.-/  an 

ft-quent 

printed 

iuihenti 

As  k 

mons  p 

ciatioii 

truce  w 

the  fevi 

rate  ne 

dies  of 

with  C 

cair.e  I 

power 

>i:inl  P' 

\si-.h  th 

A  r 

Unitcc 

r-rencc 

of  Gr< 

thcri-u 

ei'.e,  i 

ind.i'l'* 

li 

dc.lar 

thev  y 

(i  -rice 

truce 

other 

vcre 

lul;-, 

r-i:,_i 

in  'li 

term 

arce 

ncith 

and 

f]ver 

c(.nl 

V 


r 


/ 


S_.r;i„.-"-'v    N,T^tt; 


AJ- 


'  'i\  ,  /■"       .,.,.0'^  If  ,,i..';''  .^      A 


.\it     ^ r         M-: 


''<'. 


/' 


^.  ■'■■  ,.■•■:!.' '  ^k^ 


v 


\ 


X^         \ 


It"'''* 


/     ,  '       Si-:  A 


A 

UN 

A    N  E  V,     ROYAL,     AUTHENTIC, 

And     COMPLETE     SYSTEM     of 

UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAPHY. 


BOOK 


V. 


EUROPE. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ti  IIS  part  of  iht"  ;.;IijI'e  w.is  f  ir^ncrly  cilK-J  by  t!'.e  I 
R'lmaii,  :;s  i:  i  ,i:  prili.'iit  [i\  lii-  Si)anijriis  and 
1'.  riaii'-,  bv  '  'c  iiaiiu-  i.(  !■'.  iini),\ ,  bw:  ut.u  vvlicaci- 
that  .ijipciia'A';-  t'lij..  '.ti'd  \\'..  M'l  bitfi  (.li'tt.'r!iiiiif'.i. 
liv  the  .  .,i_,ii:.i  a;T  ;  !'ir;i  i'  i.  ii  illl.  I  lMir'i(K' ;  bv  Ir- 
Turks  AlfiaiJ.M  or  K  ^ii' lia  ,  ov  In-  ij' ni.vaiis  (  f  Ai.i  j 
I'ja.iMib.li   an.i  tiv  i!k-  A.ii'i.-..  in  ::  'ui-.,l  i- 1  .m'^iil  in.        j 

!■',  jAijK    IS  ti.  uaJ^il  '111  t;u'  :i  .rtl-.  Iv,  l',v   b'r  /xn  Sva,    I 
on  tlu  t.ait  bv  A'l.i,  I'n  tik-  I'm.cS  liv'  ci.^  .'.Iciui.i-ia.KMn 
Sea,  ami  on  the  well  bv  iir-  Ajjir.!:  O.e.'.n. 

'I'his  ^T.inil  vlivilioi)  lit  ilie  eait'i  u  litu.ited  l)i-t\\eeii 
',5  ad.l  I  I  ilcMi'-s  ot  II  irtli  Iitit'i  1/,  a,)  I  li.f.vecii  ij 
licy.  ,5  mill.  'Atll,  anljiik-g,  2,  mi;),  c.i'.i  1  ingitiidc. 
Its  uiui'jll  e.xtcat,  111  k-iisi;;li,  is  about  j'^uj  iiuas,  anJ 
in  1)1;  .Jin  about  ; :  ; . 

I'ur  >[);■,  tlioiijli  inieri  ir,  mi  p  lint  of  in  ijinif)  Ir,  to 
Alii,  .Mrk.i,  .unl  A iiiLiic.i,  is  lar  I'lp  riot  t  .  :l]^■■^\  all 
in  I'  '.  (Ill  impon.iiu  rd'iircU.  .V.s  to  i!i-  .id^anMyes  of' 
lituari.u),  it  u  to  bi-  olMrrvctl,  tiut  no  |iart  of  i;  i^  ex 
Doled  to  till'  k  i.-vliing  licat  of'  tiie  tiinij,  ,iiid  bit  a 
(mall  par;  of  it  to  tiie  ciiilliii;^  eld  of  die  fryid  zone. 

To  dale  advaiitv^rs  may  b^-  a  lie  .  m.iiy  lea-,  iiavi^ 
gilile  nvci),  mmniiiiis,  Sic.  a.liiiiiablv  a '.ip'e  I  t  >  the 
p'li  poles  ol  exieiiUve  tomiii'-Tce  bcween  diiFerellt  II:  .res 
and  inn  ins;  ant  liap,iily  litii.ifd  is  l)arriers  ai^.inlt 
tile  ''lti.tt>  eiili>r  ot  ihvalion  nr  del'potilai. 

'I'lic  priiKip.il  ti.cis  of  Iviiopj  are  the  Dmihcaid 
th'-'  Rhine  m  Uermiiiy,  tlie  '.'oI.m  add  Diviiia  i,i  the 
Kiilli.wi  e:ii[iiii',  tlie  Loire  and  Siine  in  iMaiue,  t!ie 
T'lanies  .111  I  ,Se.i  in  in  I'liijlmd,  6cc.  i\;  ■. 

I'l''  ehi.d' I  .ikes  are  C  lallaiu.e  in  liennany,  (ieiiev.i 
and  (ju.irda  in  Italy,  Weiicr  in  Sweden,  1  ..idoi>a  .ml 
Dii- '  1  in  Riill'i.i,  L  Hju.ibar  i.i  Scoil.in.l,  .iiid  Ne.:L;!i  in 
liei.u.d. 

l';ie  piiiniji.il  in  mntiins  arc  tlie  Pyrencaii  Moun- 
tain:, b;.-tv'.ei-n  l-r.iiiee  .lu  I  Sjiain,  the  Alps  betw^-en 
Im.iikc  .nut  Italv,  the  Dol'riii  lulls  in  Sweden,  tlicl.ira- 
p.uhli;llsin  iliin^iry,  limie  hnls  in  t!ie  I  iij.hl.iiids  of 
^'-./LlanJ,  :'.n  I  i-vei.il,  partieularly  tiiiowdeii,  in  W.ii.i. 
Nj.  3J. 


F  rope,  tlirou^ih  fujieriority  of  cultivation,  produce:; 
a  ijre  iier  abondan.  c  cr  corn,  wl'-:es  tiuir,  eattle,  and, 
iiideed,  m.ilt  n,''  tlie  JLoiinies,  as  v.ell  a^  nec-.flanes,  oi 
l.l'c,  than  tiie  (I'.iicr  epurtcrs  ot"  llw  L',1  /l)  •.  A^  to  the 
va:u:blv  ..rtud,',  of  gild,  iVver,  j' >' els,  ijiiees,  5ce. 
.Jio,i,;h  n"t  it-.  Ill  oral  pr  )dii;li  i.ns,  tl.jy  aro  llippl.eJ 
1"./  means  ol  navigation  and  eumnieite. 

I'earKr,  the  incr^  Iiant  now  piirfies  I.-s  n-.rt^ 
And  lo.ini-  I'eeurely  o'er  tne  Li.ioi,.!i.  [•,  .aasii: 
Nd'.v  o'er  hij  Ilea  I  tile  p  liar  beai  'i\-  Ipies, 
And  iVeezinj^  fpangles  ot"  tlic  Lipl  n.!  Ikies  j 
N  iv  f.velLs  Ills  c.wr.Ms  to  tiie  I'  l:ry  li,i'', 
With  j^litt'riiig  ^,loil^,  where  In  li.;n  ;.',r  'Ltos  fninej 
Where  fmiu's  of  iiicenfe  glad  tlie  lout. .i  in  teas. 
And  w.ifted  eiir ms  [\xni  the  balmy  bre  zc  ; 
Ant  liere  ihe  ore  whole  melted  mils  iliall  yield. 
On  faithful  eoiiis,  each  me.i.or.ible  Ip  M, 
Wliieli,  mix'd  with  medals  ot' ininvirt.il  R  )me, 
M..y  clear  ilifpiKes,  and  tea.h  the  times  to  come. 

l.urope  is  fuller  of  cities,  t.iwns,  vill.iges,  ani.1 
the  buildiiii^s,  in  geni-ral,  more  llrong,  tlef;ant,  and 
r  inunoili  iis,  than  tliot'e  ol  the  other  p.irC!.  Vnc  inhi- 
liirants  a'-e  bea-.  r  fe;<'iired,  an. I  b'-cter  in.'  \r,  t''  ■.:>  t  idler 
tiie  inlii'oitants  of  .•\.!ia,  or  .\irica,  and  aie  allulutesj 
til  .uu'n  their  coni.di  simis  Iiave  ditrcrent  degrefs  of  deli- 
cacy, accotdinii  to  tiitir  ritiiatioiis,  and  other  local  ci: 
cumllanees. 

Witli  nfpe^t:  to  meiit.i!  entkiwinenrs,  and  tli  ■  exi  iiiiii 
of  the  inrellectn.'.l  i.icnliies,  the  inhabiiaiits  of  F.u.  ■]  c 
mull  be  p  rmiued  (o  eljim  |)re-e;iiine[ice.  I'ertii  n;  tj 
this  reniirk  imv  bi*  cited  liune  ohl'erv.iiion>  of  :>.  w.y 
learned  and  ini;eni  iiis  writtr,  in  word-i  to  tiie  toif  luin.; 
effect.  I  1  iv;  i,r  premifed  that  in  (inece  the  liuiiiaii 
iiiliid  leciiie,!  liiit  to  have  dulv  conceive' I  ai-i,;  esi-iteil 
its  powers  in  the  iiiv.i,tion  and  iinpm>'emeiir  ol  fuili 
aris  .IS  were  con.lu.  \w  ''it^r  to  pleii'iie  or  iitiluy,  tfii't 
Nsrii'.r  yocs  on  to  obicrvt^Kiat  what  Cireece  is  in  tlpt 
7  i^i  x:  •  .;.  l-^o'ii; 


'1. 


Jt'-"'^'  r_mr'^-m^u^MT-~T-.--^-..'rs:-   >..-.-T-f-..,  -■-    !.-■   '- -^  "^■' -   f"''^-   rr^  ira  .N"-Sj- .^.»re 


E  1"  3i  cj)  r  II 


'^\^' 


-  /    /•      -   V-»'-    '    i     ""-■„_  tf^^^^  I^'h*-*  '     r  ^v  ^■Ig'..'""-"  •Nx    , 


\^ 


/'■ "- , ,  ■*-j 


"■•■:,    I 


^^^^i-r^*"'*^  V' >%'^-..-r,-.'....,        :  »...<».' I' vtrt  ■"■■«'•„  3,,„„M»     .v^  /yi'  L,'-"   „  '■ ' 


S 


(■■"   /. 


''"*'"'  CAlinVi:!  > 


5nt s^nrrr- :i.ii",li 


.I.T.iful.' 


5;S        A  hEW,  ROVaL,  Asn  AUTHENTIC  SYSIKM  ok  1;%'!'.  1  RSAL  GrO(W^\]'!  I V. 


{ 


ii  ii 


m  i 


I  i. 


'A 


"»#  •» 


!t 


point  of  view  witli  r-g:ud  to  l-'.tiropc,  luirope  itl'clf  is 
with  rrgaril  to  the  other  ciivilions  ot  the  cartli ;  and 
coiK-iudes  with  this  rellcdioii ;  "  That  as  ancient 
Greece  was  dilHnguillv.il  above  all  the  rcll  of  t'uropc 
for  the  equity  of  its  laws,  and  tlic  freedom  of  its  [loiiti- 
cal  conftitution,  fo  h.is  luirope,  in  general,  been  re- 
maikable  for  Imaller  deviations  at  Icall  from  tlic  laws 
of  nature  and  ei]iiality,  than  have  been  aiimitttd  in 
other  quarters  of  the  world." 

To  this  pre  eminence  in  mental  acquifitionr,  inuft 
be  attributed  the  invention  of  printing,  the  revival  of 
learning,  arts,  and  fciences,  and,  lalHy,  the  happy  re- 
formation in  rclis/ion,  which  dillinguilli  the  151I1  and 
Tilth  centuries,  and  enibrlhlh  ilie  hiltory  of  t.uropc. 
In  thefc  ages  the  powers  of  Kurope  were  formed  into 
one  grand  political  f)  item,  in  which  each  took  a  Itaiion, 
wherein  it  has  liiice  n-mainid,  witli  iefs  variati,).')  '.han 
could  have  been  esj  icted,  after  the  Ihocks  occafonid 
bv  1(1  many  internal  re.olutions  and  lorrign  wars  Tiir 
eltablilhed  political  principles  and  maxims  ihll  continue 
to  operate ;  and  the  ideas  concerning  the  b.iiance  of 
power,  long  introduced,  and  rendered  gencal,  have 
ftill  fome  degree  of  influence  in  the  councilb  of  the  na- 
tions of  1-  urope. 

From  thefc  concurring  circumflanccs  it  is  evident 
that  the  concurrence  of  fo  many  rival  princes  will  .il- 
ways  prevent  any  one  of  tluni  from  gaining  the  nii|  ire 
over  L'.urope.  It  is  equally  evident  th.it,  in  coiKenduig 
for  it,  they  muft  weaken  their  own  force,  and  mav  at 
length  render  themlclvcs  incapable  of  defending  thiir 
jufl  poirdlions.  The  partial  cmiquells  thry  nuke  are 
illuiive;  lor,  inflead  of  |)roiiioting,  they  rather  oppofe 
their  deligns.  The  more  any  kingdom  is  extended, 
it  becomes  the  weaker;  and  great  pro;cc^s  hive  ni)t 
been  fo  often  executed  bv  flow  reiterated  eif.irt.s,  as  in 
the  courfc  of  a  few  years,  and  lonietinies  by  a  fingle 
expedition. 

A  prince  may  form  a  dcllbeiatc  [)lan  f  )r  dellroying 
the  rights  of  his  fubjecls;  !ie  may  proceed  l)y  flow  de- 
grees in  the  execution  of  it;  and  if  he  dies  before  tlie 
accomplill'inent,  his  lucci-lfor  may  purliie  the  lame 
ftfua,  and  avail  himleif  of  what  was  done  bcfcre  hini  ; 
But  external  cor,.] iielfs  c.nnot  be  concealed.  'I'hcy,  in 
general,  excite  alarms,  iind  occafiOii  confederacies,  by 
which  the  conquering  prince  is  reduced  t)  the  laft  ex- 
treiriities.  This  maxim,  however  contrary  to  the  pre- 
judices of  a  poweu'ui  .nui  viiflorious  nation,  is  one  of 
the  bef\  ertablillied  in  the  whole  fyftem  of  politics,  and 
confirmed  by  a  variety  of  examples,  both  ancient  and 
modem. 

To  thcfe  remark,  may  bejuflly  added,  as  an  inflance 
of  the  pre-eminence  of  Kurope,  the  invention  ancf  im- 
provement of  the  art  of  navigation  in  particular,  of  all 
otiiers  the  inofl  beneficial  to  m.uikind :  and  amonglf 
the'e  we  may  here  be  permitted  to  enroll  the  name  of 
our  renowned  countryman  diptu::!  C'ck. 

To  this  improvement  of  the  mind,  and  cultivation  of 
the  liberal  arts,  it  is  owing  that,  diuiigh  leveral  of  t!ic 
moll  extenfive  parts  of  Kurope  are  under  monarchial 
forms  of  government,  the  adininiltration  of  thole  forms 
arr  by  no  means  fo  arbitrary,  nor  are  tlu-i--  fovereif;n:, 
fo  dcfpotic,  as  diofe  of  Alia  and  Africa.  \'arioiis,  in- 
deed, are  the  forms  of  government,  e>clufive  of  that 
of  monarchy,  wiiich  prevail  in  Europe.  Here  aie 
ariibjcracies,  or  governments  of  the  nobici ;  dcmoca- 
cic',  or  governir.eiits  of  the  people ;  and,  l.'lHy,  there 
is  the  mixed  t'orn  of  government,  compolld  of  tlirce 
parts,  partiLi[)ating  of  the  benefits,  and  exempted 
from  the  inronveniencies,  of  the  other  three  claiTcs  or 
f^)rm.s,  'I'hi',  form  is  the  peculiar  bo.tll  and  gl'jry  of 
Urcat  Bri:a;n.  3 


^i>llii.|;, 

■:Tiin, 

'-  ii 
i  ui-- 


The  langu.iers  o!  Kurope  are  d^jrivcd  fnin  Hx  r.idi 
Cll  o:'.es,  VIZ. 

I.     l.uin,  of  wiiiLii  th'.' Italia-,  l-'iciJi,  ai,  1 
are  dialeiJb. 

■a.    Teutonic-,    from   whence  proceed  t!:e  (nv 
Dutch,  Swedifii,  Daiiilii,  .,iid  K:ijjl:;!'  to.-,;;  a>. 

;.  .S-Livoni.-.n,  which  r<  igns  i,i  dilieieiu  i.i.;i 
rol.ind.  Mulio-.y,  Uoliftni.;,  and  a  great  parr  ,  ; 
key  in  luirope. 

4-  '1  he  (.'chic,  of' whiih  tli'-re  arc  rtmin:.-"  dii- 
lects  in  \\.  le^  liel.md,  the  llighlandi  o;  .Sa,tl;;.d, 
Brutal. y  in  li.'.iKc,  ;;nd  l.ai'land. 

5.  I  IK  el  ,  Cll  ulii.li  l"cv^ral  diak'Cls  are  I'pcken  iii  rhe 
Mi'iea,  and  the  illji.ds  of  t.'-e  Levant. 

6.  Cinthi,-,  liimc  niii..i!i,  of  wliiih  r.rc  pr,  ;ir..'l  in 
the  ii.aiids  of  the  Hakic,  and  the  l...i:Uiein  par.-,  oi' 
Sv.  edcn. 

'1  o  thi  ;I-  v.e  (iMV  add  the  la;i;'i"'!;e'.  fjK  ken  ir.  "l\.i:,  ■/ 
and  iitile  Taii.ir,'  a-.  T''.uropeaii  l.;nf'i  ges. 

i  he  Chi.di.iii  i;.li-;ioii  |'rev.i,.  llin-p-^'^^r  '.vir.- 
part  of  I-'.ur.'ip;-,  c-ActH  tlia:  in  \':v  poij.. li;,.,!  ,  f  ,  •  _. 
i  iirks :  but  a.-,  nvn  coi'ieive  difi.r.'ntl;  coiKcrin v 
points  of  Ijieciil.'.tion,  according  to  their  dilicrcnt  p".- 
lions  aixl  education,  that  rel'^ion  is  I'ivilcu  i'l:.)  a 
number  of  fcCt-.  Hence  liaiv,  .'^pun,  Franie,  ;..,: 
c:*  CJcnnany  Awd  the  N'ethi  ri.ia  '  ■,  witli  [  art  of  rolaii.i, 
Hill  iMlo.v  tiie  do.'^-.iine  of  die  rhurcli  of  R.  m^--,  where- 
as l-iiigiaiui,  Scotl.uid,  iiclui',  D'-niiMik,  Sweden, 
Norway,  gieif  part  of  (ie:  m.iiiv,  t.he  rni-.rd  i'rovii- 
ccs,  p,rt  of  Switlcrland,  ^'c.  have  eiiihi.i  e.l  the  rcl','-- 
mation,  and  pnlcfs  the  I'nTellant  reli.'  ion:  And  in 
Mul'covy,  lome  p,.rt>  (  f  I'^liiui,  in  W  .siaii,;.;,  M  1- 
davi.i,  Ikidolia,  N'.ihinia,  and  (i:.\ce,  tiie  ductiinc  cf 
the  li.iUern  or  ("ircik  church  i.s  f uiowel. 

I'.unpe  iiiav  ci.iim,  upon  the  v, :■,.  Ic,  pre  eiiiin'.nre 
over  the  rell  of  tiie  world,  by  luvin:;  the  t)  c!'iius  of 
Chrillianity  prolelied  througliouc  the  gre.itei!  p,,rt  of  ir, 
a.vl  being  eu'ii^;'itened  by  a  relij.,!on  .it  oiii  e  pic,  ir..i- 
jellic,  thearful,  and  lecuri:;g  the  eternal  ul.tny  uf  iu 
profelfors. 


S'ldden  religion  m  the  \von.i';i.-.g  bl,'  ■<•, 

Itoiu  hcav'ii's  broul  concave  h.ir.l  tii  •  iv 

At  once  delcer.d.n::  U'^'w  the  rc'.rs  v.:\  \, 

An  anp-1  ikf.jv  ;T-r(  If.  the  <i.;.  .1.  .1  eve  : 

l.nolc  o'er  l.'-i  lirViljj  rV-  lloi'i  1^    ,ar'i  c::' 

I  (er  fparkii.i;;  p'inion;  .''  ';n''.i  \.,;:;  1  e..;„y  ;   .l.i  ^ 

1  lereyes  i;kc  h.'hr'ni.ig  ;'ja  1  'd  \  piercing  i    /, 

.And  .ill  th'  illumin'd  .irhcr  Tlriui'd  v  ith  <'  .■  1 

Ne.ir  as  Ike  canio,  iiqieiior,  tin'  lel-finM, 

I  ic  r  form  niajelfic  aw'd  th,.-  dubious  miod  ; 

\Vich  liciglueii'd  grace  Iier  biooiny  f-^nircj  ;*Jjw'dj 

I'Vee  on  her  robe  tlie  mazy  ringl.  ^s  flow'd  ; 

Her  balmy  bre.itli  ambr^lial  1. c-.ts  p.'iiinx-. 

And  o'er  her  click  wu;  pojr'd  cclrili.u  L!(j>,m. 

I'al"  I  irrow  b,  i.'i-.t.-n'd  ;u  relii'inn  came, 

P^ni\  llow-pao'd  time  Hood  trei.'iiing  ..t  liie  nariir; 

k.agr,  drak"^'d  in  triumi>ii,  Iv.;  h'd  her  f  .v,-.nii  ti,tin, 

And  death  behind  hergii.n'd  :■  n.  clai.k'd  l.i-,  i.liain. 

To  thefc  introduiftory  remarks  cone;  r;. in,-  Kurope 
conlidcrcd  in  gencMl,  we  fubjoin  ilu-  fcnl'-'wini';  1  .liilr, 
e\hibitij;./,  in  one  point  of  view,  i.  ;'.-v;--'l  por  ,  c,,i 
ti.u-.-it.il  uitd  inlular,  with  their  hi-  rh,  b;.  1  ii,  i  li  ef 
ciries,  diitances  and  bfari:i!',s  Ir.";.  ]/..i,:,n.  .■  i.von', 
\c.  Ci^C.  And,  we  iirefunv,  iMh.i^'iiMl  '.''v.  v»ii| 
alFord  our  readers  a  plcallng  .'.n'.ripa'i m  o!  n\.  u.i.c- 
(]uent  particular  dtfcnption,  to  render  w  Im  h  .,.  in:cr- 
taining  and  inllriiLlivc  as  poRible,  ni  |  .1,  k  i'hI  le 
w.inting  either  in  the  fele.  tion  or  arran  ■■  nu  :it  o:  t.'ic 
moll  uiodcrn  and  bell auihti:;,^  it    !  n.-i-.c  ...d>. 


A  GKNKRAL 


t!i 


i'.KAJ'IIV. 

.v(.\l  Ire  in  llx  i.kli- 

c-.;lIi,  .11. 1  SjMiii.h, 

ccl-J  t!:e   Cu'r:Ti;n, 
;!'  to.-,.;  1-. 

grcMt  |ur:  . ;    lur 

.!ri-    txrf  !in;;v   ti:  i- 
il-D.li  r.:   Su-tl.;;.', 

'ls  ,irc  Ipckcn  iii  tl't: 
t. 

ith  are  [Ttrcr.-.l  ia 
iviiLlifid   |Mr.-i  v: 

•s  f)i<  ';fn  ir,  'l\,rl,  ■,■ 
r.gcs. 

i;,li;l';_''-"ir    (Vi  t  ,• 

Ki.'ii;!;    idiK  ^  rill  '•; 

their  i'iHItiiu  |-".- 

i^    i'i;i  \l\\   ')■  :■)    a 

'•["■ill,    I'Vaiu  f,  • ,:,: 

wtli  I  art  i.t'  rolaii.i, 

1  of  Iv  IlK'  ;    wll'-rc- 

li-niiMi  k,  Sv.cili-ii, 
!if  riii'-ril  i'rovii- 
I'Hilii.i  i-.l  till-  rii'^r- 
rt-livion:  Aiui  ia 
in  W  aiaW,;.;,  M  I- 
.  ii',  t!ic  tl.jLliiiic  ci" 

!'.'  Ic,  j'rc  ( illili'.nrc 
K.;  tlic  il  'C'liius  ')l' 
L-  ^'/cati-il  ['art  of  ir, 
1  M  otii  (•  J  ILL-,  iv.a- 
U'mal  iil.Liiy  of  iu 


IV'-r, 
•.'i  tiij  ra;i  1  hlazci 

i-.s  u:i  I,;,  li, 
.!cvo: 

,arn  v'l'.ts  r  ilM, 

pi.Tcing  !  '/, 
I  vitli  l' v,  ! 
ivl'.-'n'.i, 

lUi  ll'/'i'l  i 

V  I.-  .nircs  '^bw'd} 

\lVnvM;    ' 

Icil  i.ii  Ll'j.,ni. 
cmu', 

n!»  ..i  till"  n.Kiif  ; 
I  !uT  l':!i-  ;m  tiain, 
clai. !.'>.'.  I.ii  cliaiii. 

c;"irn.T:.!n  -  l''iiiT.p-c 
■  fcl'.vA  !.',,•;  l.u.V, 
!l-v;:r!!  ji'.f  ,  C'.n- 
th,  li:i  1  ',ii,  (  h  i-f 
\y.u'.  '<u  "  4,',i'>n>, 
"■  :  11  il  '•  '•  ^v   will 

\'l.ill  o!  'V.,  livi.i- 
r  v^  !iii  11  .1.  I  i;  rr- 
n  1   1  .t>  l^    I'l'.-I   1-C 

irrail  "  :U'  :,C  ol  tlitf 


!    ')8 


A  t.KM'RAL 


A     'li':\''.R  \l.     [NSl'KC'IION      rABI,K     KOR     KirROPK. 

C      ()     N      r     J     N     1,     N      1 

s.                                             1 

Natiom.                                  Length. 

Rreadth. 

Chief  Ciiics. 

DiUjnce   jnd  Bejring 
fnm  LonJon. 

Religions. 

Cirot-nland         -           -          -i 

Ciretnlaiid         -         -          -[:     Uncertain. 
l.api,i.id          .            -            -J' 

-      .     .      - 

- 

- 



N  >r^^ay      -         -         -       -    ! 

looo 

;,no 

Bergen 

540 

N. 

1 

neiriiark          .           .           . 

240 

iSo 

Copenhagen 

i;o() 

N.  K. 

\  Lutheran.-; 

Swtilcn       .         .         -       • 

800 

500 

Stockholm 

750 

N.  E. 

J 

Riinia        ...         - 

1500 

1 100 

Petcrlburgh 

1 140 

N.  E. 

Greek  Church 

Poland        .... 

700 

6«o 

Warfaw 

760 

E. 

Papills,  Luth.  and  Calv. 

r  Uncfitwi,      from     thr 

Berlin 

KiiigofPiulllas  Dominions     ,   ,„  ,ut  .,ai„s  -f .,, 

540 

E. 

Lutlierans  and  Calvinifts 

dirtVrcni  inoii  rdii. 

r-: 

Gnmany         ... 

600 

50° 

X'ienna 

600 

E. 

Papiftb,  Luth.  and  Calv. 

B  lic-miA         -           .          - 

300 

250 

Prague 

600 

E. 

Papifts 

1  - 

Holland 

150 

100 

Amiterdam 

180 

E. 

Calvinills 

z. 

Flanders          ... 

200 

200 

Bruflllb 

iSo 

S.  E. 

"» 

-1 

it 

Fincc           ... 

Spain         .... 

600 
700 

i;oo 
500 

Parii 
Madrid 

203 

Sou 

S.  E. 
S. 

1  I  Papifts 

1^."^ 

Portugal          ... 

.v=3 

100 

Lifbon 

850 

S.  W. 

J 

i.^ 

Switzerland         ... 

;6o 

lOD 

Bern 

4:0 

"5.  E    'Calviniftsand  Papifls 

i^ 

^Popedom,  or  Ecclefiaftical  State 

i40 

120 

Rome 

H20 

S.  E. 

1 

Naples           .           -           . 

ItJO 

120 

Naples 

tiyo 

S.  E. 

''5 

Piedmint         -          -          - 

140 

93 

Turin 

- 

"ii 

M'intlrrtat         _          -         . 

40 

22 

Calal 

_ 

- 

Milan         ... 

155 

70 

Milan 

. 

- 

7^ 

['arma       .         .         -         - 

Modena         ... 

43 
6.? 

37 
39 

Parma 
Modena 

- 

-      - 

IPapifis 

Mmtiu         .           .            - 

47 

27 

Mantua 

.  1   - 

\  eniee         ... 

175 

95 

Venice 

.  1   . 

Genoa           -           -            - 

lOo 

2-, 

Genoa 

-  i   . 

Tnfr.iny 

",'; 

04 

Florence 

1 

l-Jiin'Mrv           -            -          - 

;,co 

2  jj 

B.ida 

780  1  S.  E. 

>,£  rl)  in'ibi.;n  Provinces     -     - 
-c  ^     Little  '1  ariary 
r- 1!  I  (irei  ce           -            -          - 

6oo 

42J 

C(  nllantinople 

1320  j  0.  E. 

1  Mahometans 

3^0 

■  40 

Cffa 

1  v-o        F. 

and 

.t  JO 

24- 

Athens 

iro    s,E. 

J  Greek  Church. 

1      S      1,      A      A       1)      S. 

Nj.ncs. 

Wlicre  fituatcd.             Chief  C 

tics  cr  T'ouns.                 To  whom  Subject. 

Ki'laiK 

iNorthtni  Ottaa 

Mv.ilholt 

-     -  Denmark 

/ralaiid      " 

■ 

!•  11,11  a 

1,'  I'-l      .■ 

l.ai.;;vKl 

>         .            .             -             . 

- 

-     -     -     -  Denmark 

1  ..-..11.1 

1 

1  ■•  '.I'.Tin 
M'ina 

a  ,vr  \v.\m    . 

-  B.iltic  Sea 

(i')f|ilain.i 

()fl..iid 
A   ,i;ci 

..... 

.     -     . 

...      -  i^ 

)weden 

Rugcn         J 

Old             1 

Dagho          1        "         • 

-     -     - 

.     .     .     .  I 

li.i.ia 

IJleiioiij        1 
Wollin         J* 

..     -     . 

-    -     -     -'PruCla 

Great  Biitain         ...         .     - 

London  Si  Hdinburqh")  | 

Frrlarul       -          -          .          -           - 

DuUYm 



Ar.gltl'ey        ....,- 

Beaumaris     -     -      -   |  | 

Wi^ht       ..... 

Newport 

1 

Srilly         ..... 

Atlantic  Ocean 

-      .      . 

1 
-     .    .  ,  ^- 

ireat  Britain 

Man        .          -         .          -          - 

Douglas 

.    -    .    .  f 

The  Hebrides  or  WKftcrn  Iflcs 

Durart 

. 

Orcadcs        -          -          -          -         - 

Pomona 

. 

.Shetland         .         .         .          .       - 

Larwiciv 

.    . 

Gucrnky,  Jerfcy,  Aldcrncy,  and  Sark 

Knglidi  Channel 

-      . 

-     -    -. 

l.'ira         -         -          -          •           .     ■ 

Ivica     - 

on      -      -  J 

Vlajiirca        -         .         -         -         . 

Majorca 

pain 

Minorca       -         -        -         .         . 

Port  Mai 

CorliLj       -          -          -         -       .      r 

.Mediterranean  Seajj^^nj 

.     .     -     .  f 

ranee 

•Sariliiiia        ..... 

Ciifjliari  - 

•     -     -     -  h 

Ling  of  Sardinia 

-iirily         .          .           -           ... 

Palermo 

-    -      -     -  h 

Ling  of  the  Two  Sicilies 

Liiliena,    Corfu,    Ophalonia,     Zant, 
Lt'ucadi.i         -          -          -          . 

Adriatic,  or  Ci(ilj>ii 
of  Venice. 

}■   • 

-     ....   \ 

'enice 

1 

Kur.ipcaM  11  Kinds  of  die  Archipelago     i 
and  Lfvaiit         -          -          .         -      j 

1 

.     .     .    .  1 

furkcy                            i 

;  •  tl 


i  fl 


•p. 


II 


HI 


I  ^ 


I.- 

•■tii  i'- 


*  I 


;so 


A  REW,  ROYA!,,  and  AUTHENTIC  SYSTFM  of  UXIVF.RSAI.  GFOGRAPIIY. 


Tlirce  Eiiipircs 


OiieS[iiritu.il,  or  Fcclc-  i^ 


l-'lcvcii  Kin::dc:n5 


o 


I 


■(Icrmaiiy 
IIuITm 
riiikey 

ri;e  I'oprJom 

(iicat  Britain 
l''r.)iu:L" 
■>|Min 
I'MrrL;:>.il 
I'olaiKl 
I'rufTu 
'^   i  lli'iim-irli 


Ore  AicIi-Diikei-lom  - 
Om  (.IiLMt-Dukcviosn - 

I''our  drear  Kijuiblifs 


I'"our  Infciior  Republics' 

One  Ciiani     - 


rX  "s  .Sardinia 
I  liin^viry 
.  I  ?,      riu-   Two  Sicilies 
Aiilbia 
ruilM.",y 
\'cni^"c 

I'liiiid  I'liniiircj 
Swifb  C.intons 
'  icnoa 
'icneva 
1  .ikca 
S.iii  M.iri:io 
K..;;ij1;i 
Ll'^uioi'iaii  Tartary 


EsciuHvc  of  tl;e  bcfuri:  mnnioned  are  tlic  elciloratei 
of  Cjcmariy,  and  about  •j  ■  o  liiialkT  li)veri"i;j,iuiis  in 
(jtrinany,  Italy,  iS:c.  ti'.e  l()vtrcii;ns  ot  which  arc  liilK-r 
Ipiritiial,  as  arclihi:h()|i'-,  Ccc.  or  temj-oral,  as  I'lii^us, 
l.ir.if_-;v.Vfs,  daki's,  iiiarquill'cs,  cuuiits,  ni.iiaraM.\, 
h'-jljiodars,  \c. 

1  uropc,  fxclufivc  of  the  circunircribing  cceaiis  and 
IcUj,  coi.taiiu 


I  I'^it.n 


;  S..-.3 


:  C:;;:n:ic!. 


1  R.iy 


,  C,.,!;- 


ri 


!  M.-.'.!t?rraT;i'i 

I     \>iM.ltiv      -       - 


1 


>  .< 


-t.'i;.,  .ir 


>i 


I  _ 


Boi|jil:iM.  -     -1  -5    1 

!h..:,.i    -    .\-^\ 


■(ir:n.:,y  an.l  llii^'jr.  I 

Piir.vpr  i-.,l  Af,  Ki 

Iti'l  Jr.J  T..il,-y 

lvii";'c  .viJ  Ali.i 

R  j;'i.',  S-veJiMi,  Lip.'.ni !, 

5„,,,,.„,    p,„.„|._    j„j 
H-.anJ 


i-;.rifcr  anJ  Sp  .in 
I  N  1  wi  VI. I  Finli.-.J 


C     II     A     V 

GREEN 


L 


A      N      D. 


•;ii 


.] 


H^i  I. 


.( 


I 


N'  our  defcription  of  this  comury  we  iViail  conriJcr  it 
as   coiiipri!i:ig  two    part.,  viz.    Grofiil.'.n,!,  W  til 


Grciiilmd,    or  Old   Greei.i.; 
New  ijrccnland,  or  ^ipitzL 


:cii. 


r.u   I-,.iit  Circcnland, 


A     \     ^J. 


S  I    C  T   I  (1 
G     1^     O     !•:     N'     i. 


ANORV.  Tfil.W,  n.imcd  Torwakl,  and  his  I'l-; 
l.ri^l.,  t'.rnaiiicil  Raude,  or  the  Ked  h.iirid, 
•  ,aM.i;^  coinmiited  a  murder  in  hii  toin.try,  lied  o\cr 
tD  IctLind,  where  Torwald  died.  I  lis  Um  Frick, 
haviiij^  afterwards  committed  another  murvlcr  i:i  Ice- 
l.in.!,  t.)  elL.ijie  the  Icverity  cfthe  law,  relolveii  to  fcek 
for  fiRiier  in  a  country  which  one  (Inruk  rb.iiriie  had 
told  hiai  lie  ii.id  teen  to  the  well  of  Iceland.  Frick 
laOvicJ,  by  his  direction,  in  a  cert.iin  lurboiir,  made  by 
two  cajies  or  [ioints  of  land,  one  at  the  end  of  an  illand 
<jp;:o;i:c  to  the  continent  of  ( iroenlin.l,  ti.j  iither  on 
t;.r  c.),-,:i:ienr.  'I'h'-  cape  of  the  ille  was  naned  ll'iid- 
icri-.eii,  aiul  t'lat  of  the  continent  i  Iiiarf^,  ha»ing  hc- 
t'.\  r;i  b 'til  a  very  j',oik1  hiibour  called  Sanll.ilini, 
wlu"  ,■  ;!.:_  s  m.iy  ride  fifely  at  ar.  ;!vjr  even  in  the  jjrcatcd 
il'.'irn. 

1:  ,i:  pL-.iri-d  to  tlii^  a.ivent'irer  moll:  elinibte  to  land 
oa  th'  I'l.uil,  to  wliirh  he  fjave  ihe  :  .inte  of  l''rickl"f.nd, 
i.e.  1- :i'.k  s  Ille,  and  '■  ^uinne  1  tin  re  all  the  wur.'r. 
In  tiic  fpriir;  Ik-  pallid  (jvit  to  the  continent,  which  he 
cal-ed  iiio.  .li'.l,  i.e.  till*  Green  CVjt.nrry,  hoin  the 
\tT.iii!e  «'!  i's  p.i;itii  s  and  trees.  I'o  tlle  pil.icc  s\iiele 
I'.e  i.a.l  l.in  ltd  he  iMV  t!ie  name  of  i  rii  k  f.orden,  i.  e. 
l-ii. 


.in  if.i  lie  n.iv  tiie  name  of  i 
is',  I  lavcn  ,  .11  a  f-i.ill  dili.ince  fr-  m  vhiili  he  built 
.itio;.s  lalic'!  Ollr.i'v.irj;,  i.  e.  Fall  bfirnncli  or 
'.•i'j.i.  \est  .iiitiimn  he  went  to  the  wclb'rn  li  h-, 
(•  ,!'■  rreCtid  anoflii  r  pl.inMtion  ciiii  d  Wt-llrebm-r. 
V, .'.e'h'T   t'ie 


.tu  ol  tiie  I'ir.iiiicm  Icenu/d  1)  iiiiii 
.  1  iha."  r  rii.ui  tint  o;  ihe  nl.md,  or  wlicthn 
ic  klo  I' vine,  he  went.  bu.i>  t  .e  i.';^t  winter  to 


I  l'"ri..;.l.in,l.  I  le  returned,  liov. '.;■.■.  r,  froii*  tlicnre  the 
I  iRxt  luiuiner  to  tlie  continent,  takiii;;  his  co'.iric  t  nvards 
!  the  n  )rt:i  to  tiie  iiiot  of  a  gre.it  roc'.,  wlhch  he  r.il.k-tl 
'  Sii.t  :"'.l,  or  the  ^now•-R(Jck,  an  1  thence  to  a  certain 
I  h.irlvh.r,  upon  which,  lie  beilowc!  the  name  of  R.ivcnf- 
i  lia.'en,  or  K.i\.  n's  i  i.irboiir,  iVom  the  {.oe.it  niinfoer 
I  c:'  tiiofc  birds  he  found  t!;.  iv.  i'.ivens'i  irden  lies  di- 
I  rev'liy  op|!olite  to  tl;e  nnu.i  lide  of  Frii  ksliordt  n,  which 
is  le.i'ed  on  the  f';.;!i  I't.li-,  b-in;  liivi.li-d  <  nly  bv  a 
br.i.ich  or  arm  of  the  fiM.  .\b,.ut  the  end  of  autumn 
I'.rick  rctort'.cd  to  hi>  ilkuul,  whire  he  palled  the  tliir.l 
:  winter.  In  the  Ipiin^  he  reloivci  to  g>  i:i  [L.fjii  t) 
1  Irelan.!,  to  enja[;e  t!ie  iihabit.ints  of  that  ill<-,  with 
'  whom  he  had  a  g  '''J  C'.nvl'p'n.lence,  to  lojlow  hi:ii 
;  into  Groenl.md.  I  le  (.''.aribcd  the  Wi^nders  i.|  tlii.,  new 
'  difcovered  cout'try,  i's  plenty  of  i.ir^.-e  .md  fmall  c.ittle, 
I  excellent  ptil'.irei,  '■  li,  and  all  icrts  o.  ."ame,  in  lo  .il- 
,  htnn.;  a  minni  r,  th  it  ;-reit  iuim.!)ers  ot  tM'-  l.rhinder.s 
j  Were  prevailed  or.  t*  Lui,  liic  le.i  \vit!i  !.::n  inr.)  Grocii 
I   Link 

F.iick  li.id  a   Ion  learned  Feill"-,   wk  >   acctimp-inied 

I   him   to   keiai. !,    .ind   fioni   then  i-   crohe.l    over   into 

j    Nrw.iy,   sv.'-.cre  11'- f.;ive  a  fiivour.ible  .iccoiint,    to  Kiii:^ 

Ola-us  i  rn.'.'er,  oft.ic  Co-mtrV  dil  o-n-u-d  by  hi,  taiher. 


The  kint;  -if  Norw.; 
the  C:.-r.lian   r,!!;.; 
.1  .. 


!i  i.-in<'  thf- 


Imi 


C.Uill".!    l.ei 
I        I 


Inci'.  t-.i  liis  fitiier, 
pii-ll,  to  inilri,.'; 
taitli,  v.h  ),   by  I.- 
Ti.i'  h.ijipx'ntd  ;i'' 
.■'V.i  tlie  !iii.:i'!k 


ut  i.i'i  Iv  cinbi-'et-.l 
to  be   i.-illr-.i'u.l 
in  t.'.e  l..riie,  ..:i.t  to  i;-.' b:'.p:ize.!.      I  1  iviii^  coiitijuied  at 
his  lonrr  all  the  winter,  tf.e  nest  fiiori.er  he  f-nt  hini 
;.if-)  ( rtfie'iil.inJ,  a.',  .imp.inii- I   by  .i 
j-iuk  a''-.!  his  petipit-  in  tiie  Cliriltnii 
.:i'.'s  peil-iafioi,,    wrre   ail   b..pti -eel. 
1-..'  tlicV'-.r  <'f  till- Chrilb.di  :cia. 

:.,  of  I  rie'k  ill  le. ill  I  in  nii  nbe-r  in 
(iioenl  iiiil,  they  vciioiii  d  l.irrhei  i  .t  i  i.u-  i  iiinav,  anil 
met  w:;!i  a  fiiiirful  f.iil,  meaehnv,;,  .n,!  :,,-,  i.  in  the 
vilii' ',  l.etwcc.-i  t!ie  nioiiiit.iiin.  They  eluu'i-d  the 
c.:'iiiT-.'  info  l,,;!l  aii'l  Weil  ( t.-.;er!ai,.l,  aceoidiii;^  to 
the  dilli  rent  firi  iti-ins  of  tin- iw.j  lMioii;'lr.,  Ofb.ibirg 
an  ;  '\\'rl'.icburii,  b;iilt  by  I'liek.  In  the  c.'\  they  laid 
r!i  I  ,-.'.d.iiion  of  ,1  town  na-n-d  (j.iile,  wliiiher  the 
N.  I  ..i-p/.ini  tranip'ort--d  divers  inert  )i.ii.  ii.-.ci,  ..i.d  I  iJ 

thc!i:i 


^\PIIY. 

I'  tlie  cli.'il orate", 
Dvercirjiitics  in 
wliicli  ;irc'  litlicr 
01. il,  as  I'liiMs, 
iit-s    ni.;mravi.-... 


■hhm  ccc.ins  ami 


y  -in!  Ln^'jr.  I 

'-f    '"I    Af  K4 
'■■  1\d   Ali.l 

.  :>.vcj,'n,  Lir:.iiii, 


ri'ROPr.l 


(> 


R     V.     V. 


i. 


D. 


;i 


i. 


n-^.nk,     a„i 


:nil  m.l  F-i-.f» 


It  JnJ  Sran 


wn   Vl.l  FmlinJ 
•(c;i  mil  U.illu 


/ 

fl'on*  tlu'iice  the 
Ilia  co;irlf  t  )wards 
,  which  he  r.ilk-d 
ciK-i-  r<)  a  ctTtaiii 
■  name  of  R.ivinl- 
tllC  IMC, it  pimiix.T 
■(.'ns'i'inlfii  lies  ili- 
iik^lioiJvii,  uhiih 
:r.  :.!i-il  f  iily  bv  .i 
10  (.•lid  of  autnniii 
c  I'alii-tl  the  tiiir.l 
y  )  in  I'.iiin  irt 
>>i'  tlu:  i(lr,  with 
'.e,  tu  fnlliAV  hi;u 
onJirs  i.t  t.'ii.,  m\v 
e  ai'il  linali  cutlc, 

■if.'ra'lK',  I!!  !n  il- 
<■''    t'r-   K  cl.llKii'rS 

1  i.::ii  iiUu)  f}roca 

kvli )  arc,nnii..:iieil 
crolie  I    (n tr    iiiii) 

aL-coiiii!,  :o  Kill,; 
lu  I  by  liii  father. 
It  Iri  Iv  ciiil)r,Kf,i 

I''  li^  i.,!!r,.;'u.i 
iviiis^  ci>ii:i.-un.\l  at 
I'l.cr  l;c  f'.nt  liiiii 
u.jiiijMiiii-.i  hv  a 
ir  in  liie  Clinltiaii 
vrrc  all  l)..,i;i  .eil. 

till'  C'hrilli.iii  .Lia. 
ill  I  i;i  im  nljcr  in 

lie  r  iiiiiirv,  anil 
lii.l  :  ii'i  1  .  ill  ilie 
"hey  diviileil  the 
ii;.l,  arLiirJiiig  to 
iiiK'Ji.,  Ofti.ib  irg 

tiK"  c.  ;l  tliey  laid 

.ii\le,   wliiiiier  (lio 

un  li.'.t:,,  ..i.d  I   iJ 

Ui'.m 


t'leiii  t"  th"  ir,!i.ilii;ants.  Tlieir  |i(illerity  ailva-icej, 
a,'  i  iiiiii;  a  city,  to  wh.eh  rhcy  [^ive  the  na.iu-  of  .Mlie  , 
a:;  i,  a>  thi.ir  zi  a!  tiir  reiiL;i:>n  inerealo!,  tiny  h,;iiit  a 
iivmalti  ry  iijinn  the  lea  iLoii ,  '.iedieatvi!  r'>  S^  'rii'imas. 
'I  he  ci'y  ()t  (iar.ie  was  tiif  reli  linee  nt  liieir  hiihojis; 
an  I  the  ehiirrh  "t  Sr.  Xic-iLis  (the  |atr<)ii  i.i'  li.niien) 
tiie  I  atii  J.ral  oi'  Cdh:  nl.iiiJ. 

In  ti.e  year  n^b  (ir<'eiilan(l  rev^Ued,  and  iifiilr.i  m 
}MV  triii'itc  to  Kiiv;  Mai'r.iis,  d'  Noiv.av,  uhi.  Ii  in 
ii'ieed  K:.-.:^  I'aicis,  nC  Dtnma.il;,  at  th-  rei;i:.  l!  of 
Kir;;  Maj»ii'i5,  whi>  had  ni.iriied  li-.  iitiei  ,  ti  i  jiiip  a 
fie';:  a"r.:nll  th.eni  :  i'lil  thev  no  li):>iirr  iinv  the  Dai.iih 
l!a.-.N  dil'iI'Ved  I'll  Tie  iiai!  .it  ( .:(icnl,;iid,  thin  t'-,<  v 
weie  i'  I'  d  widi  :.  |  .i.':ii ,  v.'iiJi  ii'.diaed  tliein  t'diiefia- 
|\ird-n,  ;'ir.i  dcii.c  (•  aee.  Tiie  Liiii;  of  l)c  eitiai!.. 
I'.'ni  ''  f  1  i\'e  he  Co;-,  hi.-,  r.ri.'e  a;;d  lierehil  !ren,  v.oiild 
t'.'it  r.d.j  any  a  iv.Kit  .-e  c;'  tiie  xveahr.ef-.  ot  the  Liny,  ot 
N  itv.ay,  I'. It  icK  hi.u  in  .  .'.I  p::!i.!ii  n  ot'Cinienlaiul. 

A  cor.lideial'le  (  Minuref  wa^  eairied  fn  lirtween 
N"iwav  and  ( jr.  t  .li.snd,  and  a  re::iii,ir  intucMi.rle 
•:i  lii'/ai  i''d,  till  I.,  war  i  '  i",  x'.lu  ;'.  ihe  ;alH)i;hii]>  wa^ 
'■.nr  i^wr  to  (i:  ,.-iiiaii  i  j  l;;:t,  (Voni  that  period,  ail 
C'jiirr,v,i!ideiK\'  v,a-  cut  (■!!,  ar.d  ail  knnaleil:;^;  of 
droeiiiind  i  .ii,,'',!^ned  t"  c'.ui',!!.  I'his  ifranj^e  and 
all.  :i(t  telli'i 'il  .>i'  frailj  .:n,!  iiuercfitirlc"  has  been 
aleiili-d  j  aiii.  t'l ;'.-  ch.ii:;'e  and  tranll  I'ion  of  the  Ncr- 
V.  .-.ijii  j'.'*^  t'i"'i.  ■•  1"  ^  I-'  reiLiii  lit  Qi_ii  en  Mai^.^ari  t, 
]  .,;iiy  t>  the  t,  ,  .'u-  ;  \^:..  ■  h;  fAecii  l-eni;iarl;  and  Swe- 
den, '-dii.h  I  Mi;,;  1,  It  :".,!!  to  in:,  rrupt  t!ie  maritime 
((>':r;n'e(,  .ind  paid.  :•)  tiie  ilifticiilty  and  daii'vr 
^v:l■,■  h  atteiv.icd  the  iiavi;;,.;:'>n  of  tiroeniand.  Hut  th.e 
iii.jll  j.r.Mi.iliie  e.;ii!e  ci;  liui)  a  liidden  privaiiim  i:>  found 
in  aiiMher  evmi.  'i  iie  inlaiui  colony,  from  its  Hill 
lettiement,  iiad  h/en  liarr.illed  by  the  Aborii^ine':  of 
(iroeliland,  a  l.i' .ve  bar!)rir(j':s  people,  a^'reeiiif.'  in 
('.;;^^!^^,  vjiib,  a:;d  .:;|jeaiaiice,  wid)  thole  ;\iiieric.uis 
v.ii  )  hive  lilicc  i>eeii  !  ■uhjJ  to  the  northward  of  1  iiid- 
fcm'.s  Bay.  'lids  iiau'ai,  ealled  the  .Seliieiliii;-',  at 
len^di  prevail  I i  againil  the  Icclantl  letrleri,  who  ii.ui 
tiioleii  :!uir  iiabit.iti'Jii  in  ti'.e  wclleiii  ilillric:,  and  r.-.- 
temiiiia;ed  tliem  in  the  1. 1th  centw,  inl'inu''li,  th.T 
v'hi.n  tiitir  l)ii  thern  of  the  ealUrn  dillrid  came  to  tli-ir 
afliiliKe  tliey  fmnd  luuhing  alive  but  lome  rattle, 
and  l>H  !^^  ot  fr.ee  >,  niiining  wiki  about  the  lields  and 
niea,l.i'.v-.  I'eili.ips  ti-.i. v  tiiemlelves  atterwai'ds  e;;pe- 
rii'mcvi  the  lame  i.ire,  .uid  weie  tut.dlv  dellroytd  by 
tivlv  .'>(lirtlhii,;,s  v.!:. lie  i'-llendants  Hill  inlr.bit  the 
weilevn  parts  "i  (iru'enlrd,  an. I,  h'oin  tr;(!;tiiin,  can- 
firni  rills  e.inie>:;i:re.  i'  ley  altinn,  t::.'.f  the  li  lulrs  and 
vili,i.'i-s  wi,  iii:  1  ■11.'-  l':,t  appear,  were  inliabiteii  by  a 
n.ri.  n  o,  ::ia!v.i'i.,  '.  •iiii  d- ii  anerlbas  ilclln>iyed. 
'ih'.re  ae  liir.ie  p  -a  :;  ,  ImweMr,  lor  Iclievi;,;;,  [l^t 
ti'.rie  irav  lie  (till  loii.e  i:. .-,  c..da;.:.s  ot  die  am  ;eiu  K'e- 
1.;:h1  e.  1  .-,/  n  ;;;.;ini';',  in  the  ealiem  ilitlriel,  tlioii;Ji 
tiiey  e.uii.i't  be  v.nted  hv  i-;n  !  I'li  .i..i.eain:  ot  the  Uii- 
peii.iou.  :'.K)'.;nf.'ins,  peri  i  ivi.d!  ■  i  iveied  with  froi't  antl 
Irn'A,  wl.uli  liivi  ie  iiie  !  •■  I)  p.,1'.'  <•!  Cjrienl.iiui  ;  viiile 
tiiey  l;.;ee  L-ei  11  rii.'  ltd  inaeci  liiide  atlia,  li.ini  tlie 
\all  ii!i..a"i'v  ci  i'.e  diiveii  from  ,■-.;. itv,bcr;;en,  -.uvd  other 
nurdaii;  I-'  'll.s  op  n  the  ealhiii  liiore,  to  v.i.iJi  it  ad- 
lieres   l^iiminsi  an  inli)M-i.iliie  liai  rieade. 

.Ml  th.-.t  we  padur  trom  .iiitheiuic  record-;  i-i,  that 
(iiH-'iiaiid  was  ui\i,lid  into  tv..)  dillricts  \iz.  Wed 
l'>vL',d,  (  r  t:ie  weile'ii  di\ilion,  an  i  !  ,.ilt  I'vi'd,  or  t'li- 
e.idiin  ilivili-ni.  'i'iie  v.^'.'.e!-:i  di\ili<in  eo'i'.ui-ed,  fiiu 
I  an:i:es  and  lO^  vilLi^es.  'liie  ealKiii  iluii-  n  w.;.; 
llill  r.fire  llouiiiliin;!,  as  bein:!;  ntarer  to  Icel.ind, 
lo'Mi  1  lettl.-d,  an.!  m  ire  iVecpitnU'd  by  llii;;p;;'.ij  iVom 
Nor-.iy. 

.'\i)-)iit   a   reno-ie  nficr    all    inrereaiite   had   tub 'ml 
bi'nuen  ( irneni.'.nd  ,in  I  Norwa'',  many  Ihips  weie  I'n  - 
Cv-iiivelv  lent  by  tiie  i-.i;  ,'.;;li  an.;  lX;ii'-,  in  or.iei  to  ;e- 
dili  ii\-ir.  aiiii  .i.iiiii  Ittd.e  this  ci;.:n'.iy,  bat  .ill  their  .it 
t,  rnpts  pioved  iiniiheelsl  ;l. 

I  he  moll  reiu.irhabh-  of  tliele  vo\a^-,es  w.is  iii.de  by 
th^-  I'.iidilii,  under  M.irtin  l''oriii.lier ;  wc  ih.all,  ti.  rr 
hire,   pieleiit  tlu'  I'lil  iH  III;.!;  ac coiinr  ol   ir.      In   die   Vi  :il 
15.-,?  tins  .idveir.iiier  itc  l..il  tioiii  lai.^and,   to  atteiiiot 


tl;'-  dil'-overv  <,r  ( irocnla;i.f,  wiiii.ti  he  ".oi  liglit  of  at 
lall  i  trit,  liy  re  ilon  of  ii,(;  v.ill  cjii.iiuities  of  ice,  ntid 
til'-  .ipproaclii,;;-  winter,  not  bciiip.  alilt-  to  come  near 
theliior,-,  he  V  .e,  f  ,rcett  to  return  home,  where  he  crave 
an  ,1'  (  jiint  f)f  hi ;  voya!.'e  to  (.J^ieeii  l-.!i/..ibctli,  wiio  lent 
hill)  i'l  the  liillov. ing  Ij  liiip  witii  three  !lii[is,  t)  piirllio 
die  firmer  ili  li^n,  when  lie  t.ot  lafe  to  CIroenland. 
The  iii'iibitant.';,  at  the  approach  of  the  l'.n;.-li!!i,  leav- 
in-.';  ijrir  hut.,  retired  .i.nonir  tiie  rocks,  fr..ini  when.c 
tiveial  of  r'lttii  prei  ij  it 'ie;l  tliemli  !ves  into  the  ItM. 
1  he  I'.iudiiii,  after  t!i.-y  had  in  vain  ciide.ivinired  to 
toiuiii.ite  iiufe  fiva:v  ,  went  to  th-.-ir  Init.s,  where 
iliey  met  witii  no  liviny  creature  except  an  okl  woiiian 
witii  .1  child,  which  they  took  fr  /m  li  r,  and  llie  mitle 
.1  moll:  terrible  outcry  for  the  lo!'s.  hrom  thence  they 
tailed  along  the  coall,  where  tliey  law  a  lia  ni'mller'.s 
head  above  water,  with  a  horn  abotit  three  or  four  fecr 
f'lr;.  They  laniivd  ai^.iin,  and  f.'ind  tl.e  larliire  of 
the  earth  rockv,  but  very  good  provind  beneatli  it. 
I'hey  alio  met  with  preat  line  oi'  jjli:t-.-ririt;  find,  con- 
taining rr  lid,  of  wliieh  thev  took  a  !.7eat  qii.iatity  with 
tiiein.  They  iitld  their  ntinoll  endi  ayoiirs  to  enter  in- 
to dilcoiirfe  with  the  fiv.i;.;es,  who  lteiiiin:;iy  lliewed  no 
LTcat  .iNTrfion  to  them,  and  fiave  th:m  r,>  nntleriland, 
Iw  certain  tign-,  that,  if  they  would  ro.v  h'i;her  up  the 
liver,  till  ir  expectati  )n  lli.aii-l  be  aiif.vereil.  Aeeord- 
in;^lv  l-''.Tbilh-.-r  itoc  a  b -at  vit!'  f.me  iwldiers,  and, 
liaviii.tr  (.r.jeied  his  lliip  to  fii;i-,-'.v  lii:'.!,  went  up  the 
liver;  bill-  leein^;  nrea:  numbers  of  ti.e  riva;:cs  polled 
anion;j;  t'wc  roi  ks,  would  not  cxpi'le  hitVilili  bv  ap- 
proa'diing  to.)  r.e.ir  the  bmks.  At  la!!:  three  of  tr.e  ta- 
vni'e;,  who  a;.;-.eared  i.f  I'.jme  conleoneiice  ani'MT' 
t;  i-iii,  liavin;^  m.i'.'.e  a  fipnal  for  lir.n  'o  l;i:-,d,  he  refolv- 
e.i  f)  do  it,  all  tiie  red  beir,,^  ;'t  a  (•■n'.iderable  ilif- 
taiice  :  l;iit  his  boat  lcar..e  t:.-:e!r.  d  tl;;-  bank  :if  tiie  river, 
w'h-n  the  lava;.;rs  hi^^m  t>  appear  i:i  ('^le.i:  luimlur., 
v.iiic.h  cauied  him  to  pot  I  -rlc  a.'ii;'.  Neverthele^, 
tlie  fiv.it^ts  eiuleav.jiirrd  I'l  pi:- l'.:,..ie  them,  by  fign;, 
to  o:!---  alhore,  throwiii:'  to  t  .uii  I'line  raw  llelii;  but 
hiidii.j  die  l-.nglilh  millruUtlil,  tlu-y  refibed  to  ilr.i'.v 
then  (iiitlier  bvtlu*  f;llowin;T  tlrata.iet'.i :  Ti;.-y  l:dd  one 
ol  ill;  ir  men  up. in  the  liank,  wh  >  p-ritenJi.ig  to  be 
l.iine,  th'-v  tiippoled  tl-.e  l'.nLi;'.i:h  wn'ild  come  to  taki; 
liini,  whilll  they  nude  a  tliew  ol'  r.  tiring  to  a  farth.cr 
liitUii.'-e,  li.ing  ail  'ii:  of  ii^.;ht  behind  the  .-uljacerit 
roiks.  d  iie  I'.nylilh,  bein.','  aware  of  the  liiare,  dif- 
ehar;;'.-d  a  gwn  at  him,  wlfuli  made  him  luon  recover 
his  le;.'ti ;  and  tlu:  f.ivajtes,  roiiiiii";  to  his  afTilbmce, 
pelted  the  iMigliili  in  ilie  bi\i:  witli  ll^ines  an, 1  arrows, 
but  were  fioii  ilifperi'ed  by  tlie  ^reat  g  in.s.  I'orbillier, 
h'lwever,  landed  in  aiiotlier  pl.iee,  took  p'-lleliion  of 
the  country  in  tlie  n.uiie  of  Queen  b'iiv.abidi,  and,  lie- 
lides  liis  giirterini;  find.,  broiiglit  away  g'eii  ijiianiities 
<•;'"  a  b'lck  ll.:>r.e,  which  contiined  p,o!..i  ore,  and  like- 
wiii.-  two  of  the  n.uue.s,  a  ir.ale  and  a  ieinal,-,  wiioai 
he  contrived  to  en..i.i:e. 

,\  thir  1  ariiiair.e.'  was  afterward .  litte.l  nnr,  and  the 
coinm.in.l  '-.iven  to  I'orl'.illicr,  w!io  was  now  promoted 
to  the  r.ini;  of  an  adiiiir.d.  Thi.  aiin.e.nen:  conntiedol 
15  tiiil,  on  bo.ird  ci"  which  were  many  liil.iiir.s,  iriinrrs. 
liiu-lters  (arpenrer-,  l)ike;-.,  i.\ '  .  who  wor;  to  remain 
ail  the  v\;-ii;t  ne.ir  U',-  ir.iii'-,  i  1    the  jifuis  whuli  jno- 


dtieed   the  ;.t'd  I  t.ind,  .111. 1   bliii;  llone,-,  that  cunt.uned 


!■  ,!1  ore.  Ih-v  '  : 
neeelfiiy  to  eie."'..  : 
to,'cih"r  ,is  lo-;n  ..  - 
Iiavin,'^  Lei :;  prope 
howevi'r,  met  wi.ii 
fo"-,,   ;iii  I    pio  Is  i|i,i; 


1:1    l'n|^;!and.      I'lieV, 
I'. I  a''hei,  iinpenetr.il. le 


rii.l  ividi  tie, in  .;1!  the  m.iterials 
■■ '  .idi-n  hirr,  wlii  h  mi;;iit  be  put 
ll,.  V  hauled,  tlie  dillireiit  pieces 
V  pie|ian.! 
b   ■!!■■, 00; 

tli.i;i;  curiciit',  on  die  eoall  ci 
Cjroenl.iitd,  \\..\  U  r-'.'idei.l  dieir  oper.ition;.  till  tin-  le.i- 
Ihn  w.H  tiio  far  a-.lv..ih'-!.  Tl.'  v  h:i  I  lib.  ui!e  I. ill  pirt 
iil'dieir  wii'-len  liai,  .11  f.  .1,  and.  I..:l!  niiilai  In  1  ur  po) 
\ill.)li.  Ii:i;..;(lir  to  lilli.;;l  tiluii-  -.'.h,)  weo-  ap.ioii.tCLl  Ui 
!'••  left  there  diair,,;  the  vsinru.  l);i  ihefe  .■."init'  the 
a  Iniiiai  d>!irniined  to  procure  a:  ir.Uiii  c:.  ■'■■■  h'.'  p'.'lii - 
bly  could,  .uul  tlun  iitiiin  to  i.iv.  I  ;i..l,  wiilinit  ieav.- 
ing  any  ]H'iliin  behin  1  him.  riirluiia  I)  tins  dulign. 
the',-  liaced  out  k  mine,  to  v.h.i  !i  tl.;y  '.'.r.e  the  ii.iiiu" 
7    I  I  '  ol 


J-iiSi 

m 

i. 


'^7-> 


A  >  K\V,  KOVAl.,  AM-.  Al' rill'NTrC  SYS  PFVi  ,■.■  rN'I'.l  l^sA!.  (,; 


':ai':!V. 


in- 


?i1 


(1) 


ot  the  countfl';  ot  SiilVrr,  r.nJ  I'm-n  wlrtli  tl.i-v  pro- 
ciMvd  a  grcac  i"j.iiuity  ot  (.if,  h.i.inr,  cn'Ctril  .i  houir 
ot  lime  .inJ  IhMU-,  priisiili'i,!  witli  (jvii.-,  ami  in.iDV 
other  coiiveiiicncu's,  ti  r  their  rrli.lciKt:  aiul  It-itirity 
d'.iiiiiiT  tiiiir  ll.iv.  In  (.uler  t')  attr.icl  the  n'Hiie,  aiul 
gain  ilie  aRVction  ot'  the  native!),  they  Icit  lnhinJ  thiin 
lockinir  t;lanrs,  bra.!..,  k'lives,  hell!.,  lea.Icn  |iictiire>, 
eiul  oiher  thlr.f^s,  witli  luiiie  loaves  ot  breaJ,  fvc. 

Brti.re  tlu-ir  ilefiartiire  thev  jinvcii  Lwrn  .ml  otucr 
grain,  ycm,,  ivc.  by  ".ly  <^t  i-.x|H'iii'.u-m,  to  tiy  how 
thcv  woulJ  tiirive,  ami  aliirtaiii  what  the  tountiy 
would  j-roiluce,  on  tiieir  r.tuiii  the  ciiluinj'  y:Mr.  '1  h(  y 
lii.ewil'e  buiud  tiie  rrniainiiiL;  part  of  the  wocxh  n  fort, 
in  I'mli  a  maiuifr  a',  to  lu-  able  ealily  to  l;ml  it  ^;'ain  ;  aiul 
liaving  taken  thell*  nii  eh'ary  prt  latitions,  let  tail  I'roiii 
henee  m  the  i:oniiii<'iu;ci;.cnt  c;t  .'^e|ittn)b(r,  and,  alter 
rt  iliiagrecablc  I'alla^c  o;'  a  mo,i:Ii,  aniwd  laie  ii\ 
L.ngl.ind. 

'i'his  noble  ilefiiii  beiiif?  abandoned  by  the  rnr^linu 
the  Panes  took  it  n;-,  ai'.d  emieavoiMLd,  in  lev:ial  e::- 
pedition'-,  to  conii  k;e  it.  'I'Ik'  tirll  of  thcle  w  -.s  v  ■ 
dertaken  under  the  rommand  ot  dot  .'■  e  I.in.'t'i  Wi.l 
tl.-.-  Ihipa.  \Vi:en  le  .ii'-iv-!  o:'  ,i,-  e  :  ..■  t  ' 
CJi::e'iianil  he  tiuinil  noi  nut  \vi:,.  . .  .i  --.■  vili.-.i  'I 
projie,  I  Ic  llaid  three  iiav>,  dui'nij  ».  >..  :;■;.. 
wild  IjfiKT.land.ers  came  to  tr.uie  .  id)  i  .  i, 
rtjrs  and  ikin^.  with  p.ieces  of  precious  il.  .1 
kinds  ot  I'mall  tiiiVing  iron-ware,  as  knives  lUil!.'-  , 
nfedic-,  t^;c.  eon'.mon  lookiri;-<^lal1e>.,  and  ciluT  lu(.h 
triiie--.  When  lie  let  lai!  tri.m  ti',(-:-.,e  tliere  were  u\o 
(jroen!ar.iler5  rcr.inir.eel  in  the  ll'.ij)  wiioni  he  .ariieet  oii' 
and  brousji.t  home  witii  him.  'I'iie  otiier  l'::;  h  tli.it  let 
fail  m  i\)m[.iiv.,  nndcr  the  command  it  i.ind.enow, 
after  t!;ev  iiai  doiii.K\;  Ca[  e  b'arev^til,  llcen  1  directly 
t.;r  1V,\ ;  '>  "".lait;  1:1  tin>  navi^jation  they  dilce'veri'd 
IiurA-  ;:.'.e  t.ir.vi-nieni  h.irbouis  and  dehuhtnil  mea- 
dows, but  all  the  inl-.abli„nts  alont;  the  coall  \ure 
wild  and  tavaije  a^  bvlore',  Thelt  lliipa  uroivht  tour 
(avat^es  huaie  w'lta  t'.ie:r.  to  C'oiicnl  .u.vi:. 

Nothing  can  be  mire  re[ingnan:  to  the  diei.itcs  of 
common  luiVue  ilian  th;->  practile  of  te.iiin:.;  av.,iy  j  o.jr 
creatures  t'rom  their  country,  li.eir  lan.iiies  amt  con 
nexions,  urdcls  wc  luppole  them  .iltr>;i,L-ther  ilcl'itutc  of 
r.atural  afic:tion.  1  hat  this  svas  nut  the  cafe  with 
tliOic  poor  tjroen!ande;>,  who  were  brou.'iit  to  C<jpen  ■ 
lugen,  appears  from  tlie  whole  reiior  of  tiuir  (uraluet, 
upon  ti;e'.r  tirll  capture,  and  duiin;;  their  con'inenient 
in  l)cnre;..,k.  W'lirn  liilt  maiie  cajnives  th.ey  rent  the 
air  with  their  cr;e-.  an.l  l.imentati  'n-. :  thev  even  le.iped 
into  tl'.e  W.\,  a'.d  wJ-.-n  taken  on  b  j,in.l  tor  tome  time 
refilled  .;ii  l;;;.na!5t  e.  '1  heir  tvi  s  were  »  K.tiiiuaily 
turned  tiU.'i.U  t!./;-  de/.r  loun'rv,  :uA  il'.' ir  lal{■^  ai- 
wav;i    l'.;tl.e  1   ill  te.irs      1- vi  n   ti.e   coimtei!a-u.e    ot'  lis 


]la:.;:h  ir  .xlly,  ..n  1  l..':  i.  I'.-,  (f  tiie  coiat  ai.d 
j-c'.j.'.,  i.uddi.or  aile\i..:e  t!e  ir  rriti.  t'ne  of'  them 
w  1^  pereeivc.!  to  Ihedi  te..rs  id'.viy-.  \s',en  le  law  an  111- 
h:X  \n  li'.e  ni'^riier's  arms;  .1  ciie  iiii.'tanie  finm  \v|itnee 
it  wai  v,:r  .r.dlv  co;-.eln..'.i  d  th  it  he  lud  leu  ,1  wiie-  ■.■,:t:i 
a  voiir.i'  e',;\l  in  (ir  )e;-,!.i:-d.  '1  uii  o|  iheni  went  ut 
tea  in  a  lui.ui  canoe,  in  lie.pc,  (;(  i-aiienf^  ( in'enLn.d, 
but  one  ol  11, e;  1  wa^  retaken  J  tv.i)  moie  made  tl'.e 
I.  i:ie  aueiiij ',  but  wer'-  i;ri\-en  l;y  a  l!orm  on  the  cim'.I 
(it  Sehonen,  where  thev  '.vere  ap|.rcliended  by  tf.e  ]  la- 
lar.tf,  and  re-(onveyed  to  C.'o|;er.li.ii'r  n.  One  of  i!e  m 
afterw.irds  died  ol  a  fever,  caii{.j'it  tiv  hilling  !,,r  |  rail 
iliiri't'ith-  wie'ei  !.,r  (lie  g  ivernor  i.t  Koi-.iiii;.'.  I'lic 
lell  I  \ed  i'Miie  ve.;:^  ill  Denmark  ;  l)iit  at  lens^th,  lee 
ini^  ;.>  pioljiet  of  bvii)_.^  abh-  to  le  vilir  their  native 
ink    i.  •  !  .1  l.i'.d  of  n.'.  laie  iioiy  diiijrder,  and 


rriiir.-(''.     'in 
ix;  n:  .    ■ 

■M.e  ;..'  • 
\.'  !i    ':ve   : 


■1.1 


e--:;-'    ,  ■;  ui  w.-.s  ni.ic 

■-,    I.  .    .  r    the    e  .inui.iial    </l     llie    b.  ii'ii  - 

d  J  ..■.ir.d  I  .;.i  if ,,  .w.       In:,   ti.iir    he   ihr.-.ied 

.■  ii.rle  r.  the  v.ei! .'.    •,',  i.|    C   .    •    I- .1    'Aell,   11, nehn;.^ 

1  \r.  i^'s  Sirair,   wie  |e,   lol.iii'    .dMii,.-,   he   t(;i.k   the 

V'V  !■'  I    .er.ii  pis:  •,   .i':'i    v  tuna.!  I.o.ne  .ijMi.i. 

I  he  ih;:..  ixjie.^r.ion  pi;jvc,l  ab;r:i>e  (jn  a^eo'.ii'.t  of 


ria- !,)i.rth,  -indei  ca;  viin  loh'i  '^.'•■m\,  m  il  e  vrar 
ii''.>.^,  was  not  ti.a.  e  ti.r  the  uilc. .vciy  et  'iroee  :ii !, 
but  to  I'nd  out  a  paiKpe  brtweii.  lirotnlind  .'i,  I  Ame- 
rica r.)  I'iiina. 

_  IVuk..  t'lc''-  i  nir  ev|-editir>ji^  at  the  kin.'S  c  :i,  .\ 
httll  M.ls  tiiidei;  ik'H,  l,.y  .1  ...n.j'triv  ol'  men:';/  ■•  ,  ..: 
Co|.e',ha"en,  \--;,-,-  viiri'i:!,.  I  hev  l/ied  o,  r  •  ,,, 
ihip-  win.  h  d;  e.'tin|!  th.iir  coiiriC  i)  1!:  ■  welii<,:'.i  ( 
(ir.'ei.fii.d,  fill  i:i  ui;h  ihe  l^itrait  of'D.i.i.,  where  the  v 
trade.!  for  fi-.me  time  with  th.e  t'lv.i.jes ;  ln.r  iln<  uasii.'c 
t.:e  pr;:'k;p.d  ol';.  ct  of  the  commander,  w!io  w.is  ,:.■- 
I  ■:aintc.l  widi  a  lo.ili  the  land  of  which  hid  tiie  i  1  ;-• 
and  vfifiht  of|;ol,!  ;  he  a'Totdv,;  'v  lii-  .^led  liu  i  .1  i:e 
rhiti-.ei.  and  frei  ditrd  the  fh'p-  "  i'!i  rlu' I' tr".  Af-v 
his  reii.ni  to  Co;  en'M'^en  the  pof  ll'.nitli .  \.^-rv  o:  .enj 
to  rn.he  ni.d  wliiihei-  this  I' Ii  !  vd;:!,!  \;.'kl  .;.■!'  1.1 
t.r  n.'t.  Hiir  n.'t  b.  ins  (klhid  (  non-di  to  tv.i^e  :•!  \\ 
trial,  condemned  it  to  be  all  thnnvn  overb Mid  .  v.hi,  Ii 
VMS  done  accord.iiu'Iv  bv  oi\!er  ot'  t'le  h;;'!i-eli  rui''  ■•:, 
prelieleiu  ot'  the  cimj.inv.  .'^ome  pait'  (>f  tl'-  t''i 
was,  however,  ki  pr  .i'  .1  (i  rii,';-,,  ,\\,'  of  •.'  i, '.  a  1.  1- 
hil  arti'-' er,  who  .■llervea.i!-  ..i-ie  t^  (J:  ;•<  iihat'cn,  e\- 
rr.;rU\!  a  trre.n  vitd  of  p.ure  .  .id.  '1  |-,e  h'Teii  a'..i 
well-meanin;' comminder,  wh  )  went  np.-n  t  us  adven- 
ture, w.is  turned  out  (.f  fiv  hi-,  a-nl  die!  I'xin  ifter  'I 
priif,  whereby  nr.t  rnlv  the  tn  afore  he  liad  bTii...i-r 
h.ime,  but  all")  the  knowiedrr  of  the  jlici-  where  - 
vis  to  be  f^un^l,  was  entirely  1  il,  as  !.e  kci't  liii,  a 
prtjt  iiind  fecnr. 

After  l^.me  oil;. T  unfncc  !';e;  e\pei;;'!r':s,  r.'.e  i).,n,-, 
laid  al'ide  all  ih.  ii.rh;,  (,f  (Jr.eiiland  till  the  vear  r-  m, 
whtn,  after  niaiiv  weli-t:o:iecrtt  .1  rl.ins  j  r.ipo;' ,1  |v 
."Jr.  )  ,e.!e  ;' i  l<a;n.  1  and  ii  .-.mious  d-iviiu-)  to  tie 
(ir..tn!irid  t(  n  p.,ny  at  Beiyen  in  Normat-.dv,  itp;  mv - 
eil  .i!n!  aurhoiifl-il  bv  I'Vcderic  I\'.  th;"  c  );r,oa:-,v  •(  ;o!v- 
ed  not  cnlv  to  le;jil  lliips,  i)i;t  .\\\\'i  x  1  little  a  CiLi^iv  i;i 
(iiocnkind,  on  iH-  r.\er  Hoalt,  in  latitude  64.  Mr. 
}•'";  d.e  hinilelf  went  ov.  r  thither,  .1:1.!  cnniiiUied  th.eie 
fifteen  year?.  Di.rle;^':  hi  (iay  he  en  k..voor.-.i  i  .  -er 
all  the  intelliL'enee  '<\r  i.e.ild  procure,  botli  l-.v  |,  a  anel 
km  i,  of  t!ie  llaie  (  f  the  e  '  ntry.  X.  r  (iid  lie  loie  j-is 
hi.our;  I  .r  lie  nut  v.  jtn  I'.ji;;.  jilaces  th.it  I'onr.tily 
were  i-ih  i!jited  by  tiie  an;.i>.:it  Norwepian-,  on  the 
wiftein  llioic. 

Hut  Ills  main  deH^n  bri;-,.^  ti>  (hl'i.eeer  the  (.;ih'-i 
dilfrii;  of  Ciroinlind,  w!,:  Ii  was  aiwaN.-.  deemeil  i!.e 
belt  ot  t.he  NoiAe.aan  eolonies,  lie  leiiihci  ti  mi'.e 
the  vova'je  in  pd  Ion.  .\( cidinedy  he  co.-!i,d  .ifeu' 
louthward  as  far  is  ti-,e  .States  I'romontory  (calf  d  Sta- 
tcnJIieik  in  the  vA.\y.^  in  ihr  l.i;itii...'e  o-,  le,!,;.!; 
out  f.i;  l-oii)i,i]er'-.  .^tr.iir,  w'.i,  h  woni.i  i.n.-  I,,  -ii 
i'.;.  t!ii)M.  d  v\  .y,  ;.>.M|din|^  f)  tliote  i!;irt,>  w'lr^h 
l.iv  the  Str.i;t  ,',iwn  in  this  pi  1;  e  ;  but  lie  iaiI'M  'a  ;;u 
defi;,n,  piobab'.\  tliroiii>h  tiie  ,;,:ve.::  e.i  |!,.re  ,,('  (j,;. 
fi.ifoii,  the  111 'mil  of  Septembe''  b.  in  ;  ne. ::!■,•  at  an 
eiv.i,  wlien  the  \<,\wj-r  communes  in  t.i  Te  ;..:!,,  ..■.- 
teiuii.l  with  dreadl'.i!  fl.irms. 

In   the   vi  V    ."  •  i  the  diie.";  ,r.  of  tli.'  I!ei  ;en   eom- 
pany  i.ited  ..  ot  1  ;';:;)  to  .uteinpi  a   finding  t:\\   i!,e  <.-. 
item  ..le.re,    w.,i.  li  liesoppollte to  Iceland;  but  tiie  i.n".- 
i:".n.t:'v  of'  lee   'sM,h    b.ii  1  ic.;.loed    the  c<.,i:'t    ici  ,.-,'i  1 
tiiat  c.rer|)ii/e  .i!)oi[.\e,   .1 :  maiiv  o.liers  ii.ul   b.-.  n   |,    . 
loir.      As  l:i(  IV  w,u  r,  1  po.l.iiil  ly  for  Ihips  10  a;'p:o.;  li 
tM;^  Ijniic,  rackiiii',  inihevcn  1     ;S,  r,  1  Iv/dtomalr 
hi/iliv    t:.iiil|..iiietl    to   this   eolo.iy,    1,;    l.-.i  i  ,    t;  ..',    |,., 
•,.iir   help   l;avelli.',    mitdit    be    edeee.t  h,    j,in  I  i,,  :' 
eiliern  datri'i.      is.ii  this  pr.'i'Ci  pr.ned  im;  ui'.ii,  ,i,,ie, 
on  .lecoiiiu  oi  the  hiih  and  ii,.j.r,   in.a   ,i:;-,    per"!-.- 
••ih.    I    ,,1  I  'd    witli  111, 1,.'.       Ail    ir.e    .111;  .nlie-,    .mi...,;: 
liii'i.d   di.ipp';intment',,   iii..,:e    m   It    people    lole-    evei, 
':  1;  '•  '  f  I'lei .  I  .'i,!;.'  in  dus  .itn  liii.r. 

,,ir,  !■  n-  i  ■  cii.i  ed  it  .IS  h!--  oi.'inion,  t'  .r  Ir  n,'  •'"  !i- 
•  rdered  pi  u  I,',,;:.;.-  l-,y  e.^alii;;:;  t  ,e  l;,,.l  ii,,ni  th.- 
Sines  lh-onioi;t  ■]'. ,  or,''.,  die  l)ii,.  ,  n  ,.\  i.d'  i  1  c  a.'  • 
Chrii'.im  noti'.w,.;.;-.  'I  ,hi.i  oj  inion  w,.  (  nfj  p',,  I  !■■,■ 
informa'i'.n  retei.i.l  fi.im  :o"ie  ( i'oei.i  .n  ;er  .  v,..u, 
wii.iihiii  lio.its  i'l'l  eoare.f  a  ;;;"•, i- j  ,ut  ot  r.;  •  i-,-.'; 
c.le.      il  1-  j'.'.le'ii,   however,  on  tl.,-  \:\\'A-;,   ui   ,iIl  f.  r 

any 


hait  t,ic  111. Ill 


It 


'>:"vAi'iiv. 

N''i!i\,  In  it  i-  vrv: 
vci\  ct  '  iiMcr  :ii  !, 
iMinliii.l  ,i;i  I  Amc 

till'  '•.in.'''!  1-.  ;},  ,1 
]V  <'l  Mi'-u:';;  ••  .  ;,;• 
lu-V   ;/i>ii    n.  r    •   .,, 

l).4,i.,  wlni'c-  t!,!  v 

^s  ;    lli.t  llii-.  w.is  iin 

iiiicr,  \(  Iio  v,.'.s  ,'.,■ 
\\d,  h.J  i;..-  I  1  !;;• 
til'-  ,'li\l  111-.  I  Hi:.; 
li  the  f'l-'.  ,\i-.-r 
nith,  v.t-rc  '>:  i:  ic  il 
uil.i  \;AI  .-.:.■■  !•  kl 
iii;j!i  to  ir.i'.t'  I'l  h 

I  l)VCl!l'VKll  .    V,  lli,  ll 

p.ltt   ct'   tl,'-    I  '■•  i 

i!i'  of  ■. !  i, '.  ,1  ::,.;. 

>  t  .•  :h  iili.ircn,  i'\  - 

'1  hf  !i";:di  ^1'..! 

t  lij    "1    (■::=,    ;u|vc'Il- 

(;it  i  r<nn  -.ilaT  <  I 
'!■  Ill'  liaii  lit-ni'''>t 
li'C    jiici'    V.  ,'•,(■;(•      • 

as  l;c  ivi.;'!:  tiii,  .i 

Ccli'ln*!',     f!.;-    D.itl;', 

till  the  ViT.r  r;  ■  : , 
••l.in'i    ir.ipo;'  ,1    I'v 

:iis  ■.rivinc)  to  tl,€ 
.'i)rin.;r.:lv,  :!j-;  rov  ■ 
If  r  ;ii-,]i:i;-.v  iiluiv- 
>  Icr'u'  a   iiij:-v  i:i 

l.ititiiiif  f>4.  Mr. 
;i.!  ciuuiiini-ii  tl-.fit.- 

II  1.  ..\-.uir.-.l  t  )  jvt 
■,  borh  !v.-  I,  ,1  ,iik1 
V  r  (iiJ  ;ie  li.'U'  l;is 
■lOf)  tiiar  liitJiit ily 
(jrwi::i.i.:;-,   on    tin- 

ilt.u'iT  t!,c  (.:i)i'':i 
lw.iv.>  ilfcincil  tl.c 
■  Il  ifiUf.i  [  )  nii'.L" 
'  li;'  til, ■!!.■, 1  ,il<i,-i'' 
intnry  (i  .ill'  J   Sm- 

ntllvlc     'I   ■,     1  ):iL;'l'r 

woni.l  I.U'-  li<  'Il 
:(.U'  (hut.-.  ui.'L'i 
lilt  In-  f.ii!!',;  .'.i  ;:i, 
::  v.i  l!..r>-  ,.)■  i!,^; 
1.  in  ;  nt-.;:  •■,■  .it  an 
in   t..   I'c   ;,.;;..,  .;:- 

tni'  lie:  ;iM  loi'l- 
.ini!:i\';  i.n  iIk-  (.-- 
.inii ;  hi;;:  tu:-  la:?'.- 
I.^'  ii'.iil  irn 'rH  I 
K-rs  ii.ui   |v-.  n   I  ■. 

llii'".  to  .i;>i  ;.,.;;i 
i,  re !  iV'.\i  to  ma!  o 
iw  l.-.j  I  •.  t;-.i',  |iv 
■•.•^i  1.,  i.in.l  u.  :!■  • 

IW.-ll    i.'llJl.lL  li..  .Inil", 

^/•|   ,i;;-    pct-Hr- 
I:  .'i1;k--,   ,11!  I  ^,.;;. 
|it.(,i.l(.'    l.'.r    trviiy 

!i,  '''  .r  ir  m'  ■'>'  !)•.- 

.L  hiij  Ii-mU  t'li" 
.  n  ,,s  L.il  i  ;  I.  .![  ■• 
w,,  I  rJiiiM  I  !■•,• 
'•'j'.i,!  ,n  !iT  ,  v\,'.o, 
.t  )..irt  ol  i.v  iv.'i 
;  v.ivjk,  utr .iiL  r  r 


am  n-.ij)  I')  vfnti:rc 


r,    K    1     i:    N    I.   A    N    1). 


f'.r  up,  iimiiT  t!if  lmIT/m  llmrc, 


.1.  iiii.'  (>  u  k'.i'.'MC  lit  l.ititii.lc,  ii.u!  rotoiiiiiK  lulcvl  ab 
111  re-  |'i,k-iic.\')ir,  ,is  will  a^  pniil'^nc,  i"  co.ili  it  ir:r,i 
tile  I'rniiviiitoiy  .liuiir;  lin-  nicne  m  liiiall  vcHMs.  By 
it;i-  nuMPs  ;i  II  iii'i.int  rorr(l[)i)niiitiPe  inigliC  be  m.iiii- 
t:i,i'.i'il  bi  Aixt  till-  ('.il-ni's  thotigli  Ijij^c  lliips  can 
ui'.ly  t  luili  .It  tlic  iiinlt  loutiarly. 

i;,_^vr;;/.  w  r/  '/v  C  nitty;  Crwt/r,  S::',  Pio:!i:cliau 
I  I  ■:'  .;/'/(■,  An  null,  is  I. 

C>I^)i;Nl..\Nn,  Weft  (;r<<'nl.inil,  oi-  OliKjacn- 
J  1.1  i.i,  b  ;;ir,'-  m  ;i^  li-tr.  5  J  min.  it  rth  lat.  Tlie 
'.uiirn  .lull  iM  l.'i  ;>  ■(!  t  >  cxtdnl  as  t'lr  nnrtliward  as 
h^ii'.  )cr;/i.Ti,  I  K.ilt  (iiviwiland  J  and  the  wcllrrii  part 
i.A  (iiilv  i-|Mrit(r.i  by  .i  i-lianncl  of  vo  iiiii  in  brcukh. 
Tlic  \vrll  rn  .ii'irc  iias  b.-cn  dilcovircd  !i;j^i!i;r  tiian  the 
yoth  dfj^.  ot'initii  lar. 

Tins  i;iuin:ry  is  cxci'c  liii, ,  nu)(intiinnti<; ;  ;:,:  i  the 
ni'iunt  iins  are  In  wry  liigli  ti.at  'Ivy  nny  b..-  dikxTned 
at  liM  i:  v-x  .1  .^.incf  of  3'>  IcaL^'^s.s.  The  inland  moon- 
riiiis  .ri.l  hills  air  pcrpetnally  covcrrd  with  in!i\v  j  but 
thi-  I  «iv  Uiid)  on  the  I'l  a  lidc  arc,  in  I'limmtT,  c!  latlinl 
vvKii  vcrdiiti.'.  'i'iic  c.)a;i  ii  diiliviik  of  aix'cis,  on  ac- 
count of  the  ;;rcat  niinilu-r  oi  ruclo  with  whi,  h  the 
till  ii.iin  lin;'  lVa«,  and  tl:e  ir.  iiitiis  of  the  (iroenLnl  ri- 
\i.  .,  aboi:h.l,  ii..:i| -^r.d- :,:  of  thv  vail  iinitliil.iiiij  i;| 
t!  ..;'.::  T  icf  wliii.h  ltj;n  l-i  tl;,^Mtin  t.i.- ;,JvLnturi<us  iia- 
vi-jit'ir  with  dclli'^  !ior.. 

r  nini  til-  nioi!  I  n/  mtIv  p.iit  rif  (  ^r  ,,  nl..ii.l  to  the 
6. .til  d-.j'ici-  III  ['.  irth  l.ituudi;  i-s  not  l.i  U  vtrc  a--  i:i;i.,;.t 
at  \:\\\  'C'^-  Kiia   ui;J.       1  In   liniurii-r  iaJtidu.^  thi-   lattiT 


nd  o( 


Mav,  t;.i*  \v 


t  jliiit,  July  and 


ill,  and 


lii.i'  t.ic  iiKiMtli  ol  V'ptcmbrr;  dn."'  g  wiiiLh  tiie  uca- 
tht-r  is  .iinci.'.ilv  '  ;:'.n  :  winl"  the  win^'  blaw.i  culltily 
the:  II. y  1-.  aiai,  \.  \xix,  but  wliin  it  verts  to  the  other 
pi  inis  iloriiis  an-  inu'  'o  eiiUie.  Thr  fca  coall  isj^ene- 
raliy  iiifelled  a. l.i  unhealthy  and  dilh^reeable  fi-;s, 
which  are,  liovvc-.'er.  Id  (.ittening  to  the  l.ind,  th.it  t.he 
n.''ie..>  r.ie  (oven.l  v.,:h  verdii.e  ,  but  the  inland  inuLin- 
tains  are  peneCt'y  capped  with  fnow. 

'I'o  the  nortnw.ird  of  the  6Stli  drs^ree  the  weather  i,i 
much  more  levere,  an. I  tlie  coLl  lo  verv  intenle,  that 
even  in  the  tniiiil  of  linnnier  the  very  llront^ell  fpiri- 
tiious  liquors  will  free/.e  dole  to  the  fire  fl.le.  1  he 
winter  in  this  part  lontinues  from  September  to  May, 
and  fometimes  June,  dliriin;  wliich  time  the  lea  is  co- 
vereil  ^  ith  valt  tiiount.iiiis  of  ice.  "  No'.hin^'  (lavs 
an  emnent  writer)  ran  exhibit  a  more  dreadful,  and, 
.it  the  lame  tinv.',  a  more  daz7diiii;  ap]iearance  tiian 
lii  lie  prudi^^ioii;,  m.ilfcs  of  ire  that  furronnd  the  whole 
coalt  i.'i  dilterent  forms  o,'  rocks,  calU.s,  towers  and 
Ij'irc.s,  rellecf^ting  a  variety  of  colours  according  to  the 
ji.ituie  of  I'lie  concrete,  an  I  floating;  from  |>late  to  place 
.il  if  the  wliolc  fcene  v.as  illii!l(-n,  or  encliantinent ; 
luch  are  the  [jrofpeCts  they  yield  in  calm  we.rJier,  bnt 
w!ien  the  win. la  be;:in  to  blow,  and  the  lea  to  Iweil  in 
v.i't  fuccellive  bilbiwi,  the  conilict  of  th  ile  congre- 
;;.i'cd  bii.lies  of  ice  encoiinrering,  ililliin,;,  ci.ickhh',, 
liuriting,  and  Ihivering  into  ten  thoul.ind  Ir.iL'menrs, 
fills  t!ie  eye  and  ear  with  terror  and  aftoniiluTici-.r. 
J  hund'.-r  and  li!;ht.iii:  '  '.Idom  diilurb  the  .■"'i  c!  (iri- 
Miland,  wlii.h,  lio.vc^'ei-,  is  llibirct  to  many  other  na- 
tin.d  pli.ino,;,  n.l,  lii>  h  a:i  lliootin,;  ll.iis,  .'.:iJ  in  p.i'- 
ijiiil.irtiieauroi.ibore.il'-,  nr  iioidieiii  liglit-s.  In  tlie 
Ipriag  of  ti.e  year,  and  about  the  nc  a  .iiiioii,  tlii:;  jili,''- 
in.ni.enon  aj^ptai .  lo  ii'iiveil.iHv  b;i  ',h:  ovei  the  lac/  ol 
i.ie  v.'io!,'  nortlh  rn  ik} ,  d.irtin>.i  its  rays,  .md  glating 
Vi;:'i  :•.!;  h  radianc\ ,  .i..  to  ali'ird  in.'i.'.eni  lignt  wheiebv 

I'.ic.ut. 

,\i  tlv  liiinme:  I  llic,>  thcif  V  :;o  ni^ii!,  and  thole 


wn.i   lelkic   licie    .i.r.e 


I 


aliire  to  lei-  th.e  fun  turn 


i>  Mt  the    liorizoa  aii  die  tuc.iyfjur  ho  .'r  :  but   in 


ilK- 


nth  of    win'er 


liut 


I  omtjrt  m 

t'le  [ilaner,  the  iii^li...  being  pi -ii-ortiou.ibiy  Icnig  i  )ct 
ti.  -'  '.M\  lee  to  travel  u[)  and  d-nvii  the  count 'V,  thoii!.yi 
f.aic-.iincs  it  i,  neither  moon-lhine  ui  ll.ir-iighr. 

I'he  tcmpcr.iture  ot  the  air  is  not  uiiivlicklomci  lor. 


exc'-pt  the  fciirvy,  .md  the  diiK'!";;fr  of  the  lur.f;?,  tlr: 
inhabitants  know  notl.ing  of  many  oihci  uilcafes  with 
wnicii  other  CO, inrri's  are  pljgued  j  aiui  ilieli.  p-.-cto  nl 
iiiHrmitics  are  nor  lo  mucli  th.e  tffcds  of  tiie  e.HCtn.vi: 
cold,  as  of  the  foggy  wc.ither,  to  which  this  r.a  ntry  is 
very  muc+i  fiibieft.  Kroin  the  beginning  ol  April  lo 
the  end  of  July  is  the  f^ggy  feafoii;  and  from  th.it 
time  the  fog  daily  decrc.'.fes.  Bat  as  hi  the  funimer- 
tlme  they  .ire  troubled  v/i:h  fogs,  lo  in  tiie  win-c :  le.i- 
fon  they  are  pl.igued  v.ith  tlic  vapour  called  fioft- 
lincik,  which,  when  the  told  is  exeellive,  riles  out  of 
the  lea,  as  tli'.-  I'moak  cut  of  a  ci-.iami-y,  and  is  as  thu'- 
as  the  thicked  mift,  elbecially  in  bays,  where  tkfre 
any  opening  in  the  ice. 

There  is  .i  wnnJcrful  haimony  .-in.l  corref]'on  :.  '■■  ■ 
obfervcd  in  droenland  between  lou:;t.'ins  and  the  t  ,' i 
li-M :  at  fijring  tides  in  new  and  fjil  moon,  when  t,  : 
lh-u;)gell:  ebbing  is  at  lea,  the  hi.-lden  fi  'inrairs  or 
IfM-ings  oftrelji  w.ttcr  bri.ik  out  on  the  Ihore,  and  tl'l- 
(over  thcmfelves  often  in  places  where  th.ey  ini[;ht  lie 
little  expeded,  cffjecially  m  winter,  when  the  ground 
is  covered  with  ice  antl  fiio-.v ;  yet  at  other  tiiiicj  there 
are  no  water  l|  rings  in  thoi'e  plates. 

The  hills  of  (jroeiiiarid  arc  barren,  and  indeed  fro- 
zen all  the  year;  the  low  lands  are  toler.ilily  fer-iie, 
[Mrticulirly  tow.irds  the  lea.  A  lew  oak  trees  a'e  found 
;■  lout.'iern  parts  ne.tr  '-.].■•  St  ire-.  I'iomontory. 


in   t!ie!'e 


par: 


H- 


rts  tile  mealows   are  rich  in 


i/r.if, :  tinnips  lu       .ja,      ir.s  are  ealily  railed,  ard  ex- 


1 1  llently  ll.ivoiir.  d 
heigat,  is    p!i. 
Ilarce,  and  |i! 


Ihe 

herb 

proluii- 

i;i  :    1. 

VK 

ki. 

Ill   :.■ 

tii> 

1. 

idle 

W 

ol 

ciiri 

V-'O 

\i'-.      ■,>!(!,  v  liicli  grow.-,  to  a  valt 

:  L  •   .     eim    and  w;ll>.'.o    aie    nuC 

"  .11  •   ^.'ow  in  abiMv^i.ince. 

■  h'.i  '.•jw.>  wild,  and  i>  firjn.l  in  great 

■.,  e':;i'-  ;  widi  ilic  turpcr.tine  il.uour,  and 

ii.ati     oil.  which  is  extrr.de. 1  by  dillilia- 

iv-  ad  with  pleafint  and  falutary  kind 
,,  .i.id  the  mountains  near  the  bay>  and 
creeks  are  cm  •.•red  with  wild  thyme.  A  fpecies  of  grafs 
liearing  yel!')W  llowers,  the  lierb  tormentil,  and  many 
otlier  plants,  herb,  an.l  vegetable.,  abound  in  Jiis 
country.  The  fruits  ot  Grocniand  are  bramblc-berrie- , 
bil-btrr;e.s  lilue  lierri.:s,  and  juniper  ber;i^s.  Hero 
it  is  to  i)e  obiirved,  when  any  tniiig  ia  laid  relative  to 
the  fertility  of  Groenland,  th.it  the  ioutlierii  p.irts  are 
only  m(,int,  fiir  \\\'\\  rcfpetl  to  t'le  n^rthe::-  p.irts  they 
are  dcllituie  of  herbs  and  plants. 

(jt'ieidand  pnidnces  v.irioiis  metals:  to  the  fouth- 
ward  of  the  l)utch  colony  copper  ore  is  totiiul.  Mr. 
i'.gedc  once  ree.. ivtd  a  lamp  of  ore  from  ,'.  Ccoen- 
kindcr,  and  hinilelf  found  calamine  ol  a  yelloa-  co- 
lour, lie  likeuile  feiii  a  conliderabie  ijUJiitity  of  yei- 
hw  land  mixed  with  verniilitjn  dre.iks  to  the  Eergen 
company,  who,  by  letter,  rcqiielhd  him  to  procure  as 
much  as  poliible  of  tli.it  coir.niodi:y :  he  could  nor. 
hov.ever,  execute  his  comiuiinnn,  a?  he  ^  as  never  .ilur 
able  to  find  the  pi. ice  where  he  got  the  ti.'-lb  fpecimen : 
it  was,  it  feem,,  one  of  the  liiiillt. !t  anK;ng  a  itre.it 
duller  of  illan^i.s,  and  the  in. irk  he  li.id  let  up  was 
blovMi  il'Avn  by  a  llorm,  lb  th.it  he  cciiLi  nut  a  !•-;; 'id 
ti'iie  ir.ite  out  the  ijiot. 

Rock  chrylla!-,  both  red  aad  \\\vM-,  aie  t!ie  iM-odu:e 
of  this  country;  aa.i  .i  b.ill.ud  iii.tdile,  -if  v.i  iwi is  co- 
lours, is  very  pleniili;!  .ib.iut  ilie  D.uii.ii  cui'im,    whicli 


lb  known  bv  the 


v[  G.oad   n. 


ol  liie  litt;  r 


the  natives  m.ike  ii.iwis,  l.inip..s,  .pots,  aiiil  crucible*. 
I'he  leas  and  bays,  beiides  a  \ailety  of  beauiin  1  Ihells 
yieki  great  qn.iinities  of  escelient  coral.  But  me  of 
tlie  grc.u.ll  n.ilur  il  I  u;i->!';:ies  oi  this  country  is   the  a!- 


belui..,   r-  :!iiii 
of  eart'i  llax, 


III;, a..,  which  has  the  vu!;mi- appell.ition 
.ui.l   i.s  a  :ibro'.is,  llexible,  ,in.l  m'.ner.il 
Id-il.iace,  coilipMi-.-d  lit   il-.oi-t  and  a.'irupt  lil.in-n  a'- 

is  .1  ll  -av  ciuicrete,  of  tiie  i.iicisy 

Iram  talc  in  its  cxternil  appea,-.i 


Ir 

.11'.. Idling 
neither  lo 
blight,  lij  Imootli,  or  !o  iii!.ni...n.s,  and  is  n;)t c  jnipofCvl 
ol  lea\es  or  plates,  but  of  long  lilan-.cnt:,  like  ll.-.s. 
It  ha.s  been  Ipiin  into  cioih,  ai.d  lormed  into  pa|)<  r, 
both   of  an  inconiliuiliblc  nature,  and  rot  to  be  r^,n~ 

fumed 


^!ii 


^i'i'i 


f-    ', 


;'   'W 


i-l    f^iM 


•   ■        f  * 


A  M  AV,  KCYAT.,  ,-,m^  AL'THI'NTIC  SYSllM  oi   I  NIVI- USAI,  (.lOGIJ  AITIY. 


I'linril  hv  fire.  Siiiiu"  kiiiils  luvc  til.i.ni'nrs  tliar  .ire  ri- 
j;i.l  iinil  li;iti'ii',  .11, 1  otiuis  moic  iK-xibN',  i'lie  lull 
c.tnnot  be  Ijum,  dp  tiiiinrJ  into  cint'i  i  tlif  Utter  may, 
l>iir  not  \\iti.iHit  I'iliic'.il'.y.  'I'lii'.  ni.uu:!,icliirc:  uppc.us 
t'i  hive  Inin  known  to  the  am ii  nts,  wlio,  ;ui:i.ulin|^ 
t  I  I'linv,  v.i\i|i|ii'il  tlu'  hiKiii's  oflik'  lir.i.i  in  rliitli  in.ulr 
( t'lMith  il.ix,  t  I  ]  r«  Urvf  tlifir  allx-s  U|i;ir.uc"  iiorntlinli' 
el  till'  fiintT.il  pill',  a  till'  to  whiih  this  i\iiKi  01  cl"th  is 
llill  api  lii'ci  by  loiuf  ct  :!i?  Tartarian  chiiN. 

Ciriuiiland  is  not  intilUii  wi'li  anv  rav\;nai;;  animal, 
tliL-  !!riat  wiiito  hear  excfprci!,  v.lii.'h,  iiuwtver,  veiy 
iVlii'iin  ajipc.'.r.s  nt'P.r  tiif  Daniili  coli)nv. 

'1  he  (iiiaJriii'fi.lc's  ot  (jnitniaiAJ  art?  tlr,r;«,  foxes 
hares,  aivl  .-.in  ilccr.  llie  tiogs  are  large  ami  ro'i<;h, 
white  or  fpecl^ieii ;  am!  tlieir  ears  (lami  ii|  ri^^'it,  vhu  h 
is  a  peculi.irity  lH-!;;n!'i:n;  to  curs  in  general  in  ail  cokl 
riiinatis.  riiele  lioj;*  are  timonvis  ami  Ihipi;!,  lio  not 
bark,  hiit  ir.al;c  a  mod  liilinal  howhrip  at  liitus.  \n 
the  nortiirrn  p.irts  th.-v  ari:  un.l',rei.l  ot  ini'iiiite  leivire, 
as  the  nntivr',  rliere  y::l<e  tiicin  i  1  llei!t;es,  which,  w.'ien 
heavv  i.'.den,  they  au-  .ihle  to  iliaw  upon  th'-  ice  .1.:  tiic 
Wtc  of  "0  miles  a  ilay.  Thcle  poor  ulefiil  aiiinuili  jie, 
h.')ttcvtr,  Vi-ry  ill  rewarded  li'r  their  Icrviics  Ufiii;^ 
lei:  to  p'-oviile  for  lh<-nilelves,  exrt[,t  v,  hen  tluirowneis 
h  i[ ;  in  to  'e  (iicccr.tul  in  t-ikii..';  a  invar  mur.'.-.ir  ot' 
fe.il>,  at  whieii  ritnes  ti'.cir  iiMltirs  <]rati;y  tlicni  \\i;h  a 
Dieai:  conipol'eJ  ol  the  i;itr.'.il.  aii.l  hloiul. 


The  t'ox'.-s  nppear  of  ilill'erent  colours  v 


1,;. 


KriV, 


■ver-.  1; 


hea-.i  orcilioiial 


Ihe 


lie. 


\  iti"ir 


Will'  a  \'. 

r!:lc:nbk'^  tha:  of  a  ilo:^  with  tropp;  J  ears  his  liioiit  is 
hearili-.l  li'-c  .-.  t.i',  Ins  eyes  arc  luge,  ami  liis  leerh 
i'u.'p.  1  li^  ikin  is  (  i.veicii  \sith  a  linrt  thick  fu- ,  vvliii  h 
is  v.:;ir;',  Llavk,  l>ro\vii,  or  tawnv  :  he  i.  wi  l)-fooie.i, 
wlii.li  ih  a  'T'Mt  convenience  to  him  in  r>WiiiiTiin('  i  .ui.l 
he  i'l-ems  to  ^Iiml"  iiinU'elf  alin:^,  r.ithcr  thin  v.\;!k. 

Sc.ils  arc  ir'im  !ivc  to  eii^li!  li-et  in  lcn;':h.  Ilic  i'.it 
fjftiiis  ('r.uuri-  ii.rnillics  tlu:  (iriK-nlamleri  vviih  oil,  the 
He'll  vith  fo'iJ,  tin-  ikin  uitli  cloariiins  an..'  v'.iui  co- 
verings t  j;  v.,'.-iT  Icu^  ami  boats. 

Hc-rn-ie-i  kals  the  droeuland  leas  abouiv.l  with  tur- 
!".i'.  col,  huldo-k,  r  If,  (ak.:ioii,  li.ihbiir,  ..it-lllh, 
iic-ikh,  li:  lit-,  w.'ii'iii;^',  Lir  ar;i,  mtilck':,  ci'.ibs, 
liirki.p.,  iVc. 

Thit  ali'in'.ikin^-  cr-Mt'irc  liic  wlnl'-  \vili  b^-  auiplv 
.;  •;LTi;)cd  if  ,111  1  (lie  i.ice  iiiiiiiite  oijiervatioiis,  under 
t!i"  .0':'.!-  Ill  1.  .'1  or  S'c'-v  ( iieciil.ii.d. 

\'. !"  1  r'-'i.-iil:  to  lea  Tov.l,  the  piincipal,  in  Groen- 
;.*;.. I,  1.   I'l-    c  I  k-r-!'jwl,  Iw-i:;;-.,   ot  wiiich,  at   times 


.ind  bl'icilk.     'I'hi  V  are  neither  I'.i  ii.iiiv,  or  l.i  l.ii;c, 
as  fi'.nre  ot' Denm.'rk  a:ul  N(-rway. 

1  lares  are  I  iiKul  in  (iroenl.ind  in  nrear  a!v:r,.i.mi-e  : 
tiny  are  ol'  a  %Miire  cokjiir,  scry  f.ir  in  :u:nir.er,  .ind  ol 
an  <  Xiiiiili'e  ik'.vour. 

Ktin-deer  t'ced  in  great  hcr.ls  ^n^\  arc  hunted  all  the  I 
fimmer  by  the  natives,  \^ho  are  ulually  acconiiianicd 
bv  their  wives  and  c:r;!dr:'n  in   tiicle    exi  iiiliuns,  anil 
penetrate  vciy  lar  into  tkc  cuuntiy  in  puriuit  ot'  their 

Scrpenf;,  lii.it  1?,  toads,  newt>,  Cvc.  are  unknown 
in  (iroeukin.i !  but  [z'lats  Iwarm  in  the  kimmcr  tiir.e, 
and  are  '•;cecdjngly  t.oiiblel()n;e. 

I'artri' :;•'■«,  which  arc  wlure  in  winter,  nn.i  rrey  in 
lu'Tiinc.',  alvi'irul  here,  as  ilo  Iparrov. s,  liimct.s  inow- 
liirds  .>nd  ice- birds. 

-V  ort-.it  number  of  ravens  hover  about  the  huts  of  the 
Groenl.i.'nlcrs,  as,  near  the  habitations  ot  tlielt;  ju-ople, 
t:,'.:  ;.'ro'.ic,.i  i-  iili.Mllv  Itrewe'l  wirh  the  olFals  of  lir.il.s 
,'.nd  or'-.t-r  ;;;;i.  (iroeniinil  likcwile  abounds  with  eaglts 
;;'!  i  l,i!con>  ot'  a  prodigi'ius  fi;x,  a.nti  large  Ijteckled 
uv.].. 

T''.e  \::U  "'.■  n(  t!.i^  C'V.ntry  are  I'ccs,  w.ifp'.,  I'piders, 
and  i'.ic.  I  I'lf  p'ro;  !'•,  ho\ve\cr,  arc  not  plaicitd  witli 
bcc'li  .,  ant-,  ri:-,  <  r  itiicc. 

Ti;e  Cir^.er.hr.dcr-.  are  f'o.td  of  tlie  feal,  vhi'h  con- 
tributes at  CIRC  to  their  lu'lcnaiuc  and  cnnvcnicncy. 
'I'here  k  I  'ir.e  dilTcrencc  in  l<-.d>,  but  tlie  moll  re- 
matk.i'.ik-  r;H-ci':«  ii  that  called  the  Cap-mils  which 
aiM'- ikiiicn   It    receives    from    the   cap,  or   <aul,  nidi 


i'l-m  t  )  (over  tlie  while  lurtire  ct  the  ticein.     In  the 
V'Mini  li..lun  iiitinitc  niruii'-ri  of  th-ui  hover  alihUt  tl-.c- 


D.mifli 


ccloi.v  every  fveiun;-,  an.!  tike  their  Ihrjit  to 


\\a:ers 

ri^■cr^. 
t'..is  the 
giiiihcil 


tiie  tea  rc:;iil.iiiv  the  enluiiir':  ni'Mninii;.  In  Iprini!;  they 
retiic  to  die  iiii.ids  to  l.iy  their  P;t|T<,  and  hatch  their 
you-'j;,  aii.l  return  to  the  continent  aOout  June  or  July. 
Tic  I  iMcniaiidu.;  a:e  very  fund  of  th-ir  c;.'i;s  and  tjieir 
Voung,  b'lf  111. ike  no  maiii.er  if  ul"-  of  i.heir  ti.ie  down 
IcMiliers,  wliii.il  are  e;:ccllci'.t  in  tlieir  kind,  and  tu  be 
lour,.!  ill  lar..;c  (juantitits  in  and  .ibout  tluir  nells. 

There  are  ihrc.  ij  c  •'  s  of  di:cks  w!'.:.-|i  ,;re  f-und 
in,  or  liciiiient  ( iroeniaid.  Th-'  lirlf,  wliici;  is  i^f  tliu 
tame  iltiek  kimi,  ha>  I'lic  fped-ici  (eatlurs,  aiu!  l-ys 
an. I  h  rciies  it  vy.r-i  in  I'le  iikinds,  returniri;  alicrwards 
v.::li  it,  yoii.ijr  ro  t!ie  ciintincnt.  The  lecnmi  ti^rt  is 
rmiilcr,  li.i.  a  I'V;:  pointeil  kill,  frequents  oni)  irelh 
.If,  I  buids  its  neil  in  the  ll.ii^s,  or  retds  of 
I'll''  tkit.l  kind,  wiiiJi  is  the  hrf.'cll  <  t  all, 
appellatun  of  the  w.^diiiick,  ami  ij  diuiii- 
by  a  black  brca!l  an  i  ^;  1  v  bellv. 
The  aikcb  i.  an:.t!;er  ki:id  ..i  lea  liiwl,  w'lich  the 
(if:  enlan.lt  rs  are  t'ln  1  ol  fce.:iti;i  on:  it  is  Ids  tlun  .1 
duck,  an.i  ni'  a  r..ii,  d  title,  lint  tl  ;t  moil  beitutUul 
tea  bird  in  ih'.-|-  p.ins  i.  t:v.-  rMV.:oviai;tk.  'i'iiis  biid  1% 
.;cr  !k.!ti  a  l.tv!;.  b:  r  itj  leitheti  are  tiiu  011111, on- 
int.  S'.v.i;  II',-.  (.;■  uiij  i/i-ele  come  to  the  iiorthci 
.f  'iicciiland,  ft'>!ii  i:i"re  Iciithcrii  ilimatc,  in 
ic  •,  ...A  brc. .!,  .'.IV I  ."lit  the  [lire  a:  the  com- 
..M-.t  i.f  v,;',\r.  Ai  ,i,v  ie.i-mc.vs  biiiid  in  the 
,;;id  tlilV'. ,  and  |.-a-i  rin  liy  tlieir  c,';;*  on  t|-,e 
iikiii.ij  aliout  ( .1. 1  iiL.n.k  i.undeb,  or  ( irociil.!  :d.  fta- 
p.,rr.it  ,  .uc  c.->mnuin  here,  as  are  fca-crnct,  a;id  Ica- 
i.iipc,^. 

1.  ■:  ■'  I'ln-  ml  Cfiti'i-  iiiCi,  Am.'jiincnts,  fh:i  liuiuir  (  1,/'. 
/!■:•.%  /•>;/■,'■.•?,•.,,.',  liV.t/, ';.>,  iLl 'i.it.oiis,  Ailn'Us 
<'  Tn.Ji..-,  I..:.:  ■•',  i\eli;;icr,  Dif  .ifis,  Ju,i.t:Ju- 
1:1  t.-''((/'c,   t-'r.  'I  ,'e  ,iifu!l:liihis  i>J(iioiiL.'i!>iii, 


not  I 
ly  .  k 

ti;e  < 
mi . 
ro-;'.-. 


'  concuninj.t  teflimony  of  tlif- 
,  I. 


A  CCOUilINd  to 
X  jL  tiTcnt  .ui::i' 
are  dclicndtd  iioin  the  .Schrellinf>,  who  furmeiiy  cx- 
tcrminateit  the  Icel.i.xl  I'.-tdcrs.  1  liel'e  people  bear  .1 
near  u  fcmblan'c  to  the  I  ,a|  linders  and  I  .iimoiiles,  in 
tluir  pel  Ions,  c miplexions,  and  way  of  life.  'I'here 
will  alwav?  be  loun.l  a  I'i.inp;  alFinity  between  the  ciil- 
toms  ot  (kl;'er-n:  niti'His  lo/ing  in  die  liime  kind  of 
clini.ite,  exj  ik-ti  ro  tlic  fime  w,:iits  and  nccellitic:.,  and 
involved  in  the  finie  ii."iorance  and  brutality,  I  he 
( Iroer.landcrs  ;'.rf  Ihort  ot  It  .nire,  thick  made,  a:,  i  in- 
clined to  t..t :  iiu-;r  Ikrc-s  are  lir^- :  k  tlici;"  lip.  t'li'.k, 
ami  thtir  noii-.  ikit.  Thev  liave  bl.ick  hair  and  c\e-, 
and  yellow  cnnplexiins,  poilofs  health  and  vii^-'ur,  ki:t 
have  very  flu. it  livis. 

Thfir  rir,aihs  arc,  tor  the  tnott  part,  made  ol'  rein- 
deer,  or  I'eai  Iki':-. ;  us  ailb  nf  birds  Ikins,  nicely  drci;.  d 
.uid  p.rep.-.ied.  1  lie  iiifn..  habito^vre,  a  coat,  or;ick(-', 
with  a  i.ipe  or  lioful  I'eweil  to  it,  t'>  cover  the  hc.i  a;v.l 
llioiil'.lers.  1  iiis  coat  reaches  nearly  to  the  kntei. 
'1  iu-ir  biTcrk.  .  are  very  tiiiall,  not  celling  above  their 
loin.,  tint  ih-  V  m.iy  not  iiiiider  them  from  (ictiie:;  into 
iliiii  b.i.it'  ;  atr-i  tiie  li..ir  of  the  Ikins  th.-  coat  is  made 
ot' is  tiiiiicd  i.-.iv  if'l  t')  kiep  ihem  wariii.  Over  tlus 
co.'t  ihi-y  I  lit  I'll  .1  l.ui.'.e  fio.J--.,  made  of  feal  Ikins 
drciii-,1  and  i.iiiiit;!  witlujiit  h.ur,  in  order  to  k(i,[-'  i;;;t 
the  '...in-i  i  ...id  thu-j  tiu'V  arc  drclk.l  wlvii  ihcy  go  10 
k.i.  Urtwcen  the  leathern  fro<  k  ami  the  limici-  C'l.it 
thc-y  weir  a  linen  Ikiit,  or,  fji  v.'..nr  of  limn,  n.-u 
m.lde  ot  li.  I-  ;"l!s,  which  rdl'o  l.clp,  l;>  kir|i  out  the 
w.ioT  liMiii  r!-,e  u::der  coar.    "Of  l.Ue  thev  .ipix  ir  lii' 


'i.lv  lire  lu 


■  'k 

kins  m.lde  of 


tr: 


■el 


tiiiif .  in  iii'T' 

lini-n,  :in  I  co..t-  and  brcecnci  o!  leil  and  blue  llufi's  or 
ilotli,  wi.i.h  th.  y  l>uy  ol'  ihe  D.milh  or  Dutch  iii'-r- 
chini',  but  I'adiioneil  uficr  ihcir  own  wav.  In  the!'.* 
tkey  [laradc  and  te.tll,  wlicii  they  keep  holid.ivs  on 
lliore.  Th'j  hole  tluv  wor.-  lormerly  w(-rc  nude  of 
rein  ticcr  or  llal  tkiiib ;  bu'.  now  they  prefer  our  tint  1  1 

wurllcd. 


UA'.'IIV. 

(uY.m.     In  tlie 

liwviT  alibiiit  tlie 

V  tla-ir  tlij'Jit  to 

In  li'iiii)^  liii'y 

i,  :niJ  liarcli  tlu'ir 

i'lt  June  or  July. 

ir  i-f'i^s  ami  :licir 
I  tlunr  l;:i^  ilown 

I. ill. I,  iin.l  to  111- 
tin  ir  ticlls 

wi;;.-|i   ,;r(.-  f<iiiv.l 

v.liith  is  (>t"  tliL" 

i-uiuTs,  am!   1-ys 

•■:i:iirt,'  al'urw.irds 

lif  Ifcoiiil  ion  is 
Vilnius   oi  iy  irell) 

ii^s,  or   ifols   of 
lie  larL'ill   tt  .ill, 

I<,  aii.l  i.,  dillui- 

iv. 

l"«v. I,  \v'-,iili   th« 
ir  i^  Ilia  li'jii  I 

'.  k.     'i'iiis  liiiii  !■; 

j  .Wi'  in,  oinii,;):i- 

ic  to  thr  noriiicfii 

iriicni  I  !i;iiatL.,  in 

av  tlu-  f  lai- 

.vi  iKiiul   in  tlic 


1. 


tiU'ir  <"'.  on  tl^c 


111 


( iiniiil  • 


,1  r 


t.a- 


Ica-criicb,  a;ul  Ifi- 


ts,  /;iiiliiiiiiir  (  h/- 

J)if  ilfcs,  jch-i.t:jic 
vj  iiioiidand. 

iL'  tcflimony  (if  dif- 
ri^MMal  ( irociil.iiiJ(  r-i 
■  ,  who  formrily  tx- 
hffc  [icopk-  bi'ar  .1 
■s  and  Lamoiilfs,  in 
ay  of  life.  'I'jifre 
ity  between  tlu-  ciil- 
I  ilu:  Uine  Liini  oC 
nn:i  iic^i'lTitics,  and 
iid  l>rur.uir^■,     'I  lie 


a: 


\ 


m- 


-.■..■,;  inr. 

',  tiiiri;-  lij..   I'.i'.k, 

li.irk  hair  and  c^e-^, 

\\:'a  and  vi!;Mijr,  lu:t. 

kWX,  niadc  f>f  rrin- 
fkins,  nicely  dii'llid 
,  rtioat,  or  ;ukrt, 
co\XT  clic  Iv-.id  and 
arly  to  tin;  i<nct'i. 
C'>  iiin^  above:  their 
11  from  (zetun.'i  in:o 
IS  t!i.:  Coat  is  made 
1  watill.  Over  tl;;3 
made  of  feal  lldns 
n  order  to  i;ri.p  o'.it 
d  V. Ii'n  tlicy  ;;■!  li> 
and  tlie  iimicr  to.it 
\\:.nz  of  linrn,  ii.'.l.- 
ps  to  kii-|i  out  the 
I-  tlii'v  a|i|)c  ir  (ome- 
ns iii.tdc  of  iiriped 
d  and  l)liie  lliiffs  or 
iilli  or  Duich  inrr- 
)w;i  way.  In  tlief'f 
,•  Lefp  li(di»l.iys  on 
lerjy  v.cie  in  ide  of 
ey  jncftr  our  tort  <  f 
wordeel, 


1    ( 


m 


^^ 


m 


i%'i 


i<^- 


!J 


i  ■* 


i 


*  ^ 


r.UIUMM   1 

worllcJ,  (if  I 
wliitli  tlicy  bi 
arf  in.ulc  iif 

l,(l!ll'.-  I.         l  il'. 

arui  bd'oii:,  v 
'I'lir  <i;tly  i!ii' 

Ihiiul.Irrs,  .'.II 
i.,i,Hr  t 

l!uM,  NVt.ll    III 

bii.iuli'  tliL-y 
lluir  lucks. 
niiiMlf  ol'  ill 
tli.iAtrs  ificy 
'lluir  brercli 
do  ii'it  wc.ir  i 
.'ilii'o.ul )  .t:u!, 

linill  0ll'.l/,.ii 

lu.it  nuilc  (if 
w.ii\l.  I'lie 
I'.. If  tolouri. 
lI;;iiS  iriinii 
wr'>iij,i;i  ill 
li.iir,  wliiili 
tit'd  iiji  ii)  a  I 
V.  til  uitliuut 
hiKi.l.s,  but  I 
ni'.nt!.  an-  ^ 
::iirillt  tl>eir  I 
Tluv  aili>  sv 
pc.iiU,  \vi;!i 
So'.nc  ii.ivt", 
iiKi.t  i  tliiiy 
im  iIr"  lijif 
ar.i  cvfii  lij" 
ci.i.ulis  1  ;■> 'J 
1.1  i.ct-ir  \I.I 


la  I, till.':. • 
vciuy, 


.,'l 
Ti.i'.  iliiilc  1.1 

<  !,r.  lii'.'i    .;H 

111  ly  In-  km 
tl'.-.inlv,  t!.:i 
\Vi:li  ivl 
p/ioil  II  run 
I'iiic  jnii.'.tc. 
act  rCr;nl.iii\ 

111  l.llrs 

no  c()i;ii;z.ii 
ncMi-ll  rci.ii 
aiiy,  to  n-\ 
ail  iintDw.ii 
t!u-v  kil!, 
Iui.kI. 

As  till 
for  niankiiii 
nion  j)i()[if 
r()bl)cry,  a- 
wliau-vir  In 
tliry  fxtrai. 
ab  Iroin  ilu 
to  iiave  a  w 
they  arc  bu 
liii'ioled  111 

l'\)rnii..ui 
laiulers,  cxi 
r.iiii  ccreiiK 
ot  pronulci 
not  [irui.\.Ci 
for,    in   [^c 

gCIUTOlb, 
adiiiittcJ  to 
in.inicvi,  (it 
<:  ilv  .i::  1 

(  i    t.U'lll    1 

;jv  i'a.iti.j:'. 
',  .m:s  tiia: 


I  UUOI'I   1 

v..irlli\l,    nf  iliircrcm  (.iloiii"-,   wiii 
v.l.itli  tlicy  buy  i.i  ilie  U.int.'.     '1 
iiTc  in.ulf  I.!   )i.-.lll.iii!,  leci  or). I, 
i.ii'ii-  1.      l  ih.-v  .If  iiial/  wrim-'i 


(• 


n   r,   r.   n  l  a   \    v. 


585 


'•,  l)li:i,  ail' I  rcil, 
r  ilioi.t  uiiil  IxioC.'i 
>,  Ml  11  tlrrilol  iiml 
with  tl!,  Ivliiril 
.;  1.1  bi'lori:,  wiilloiK  \.^^\.,  .^i.tl  !:t  v.i  ii  iii';  n  tluir  ki.-t. 
'I  ill- ii;iiy  diil'i'ii'!.  1  ■(  .  il  .•  tin  I.  ol  I'.r  iiicii  .iii.l 
V''!m.'iii.,  II. .It  ^'  vw.,iki;.  I'M'..  ;iiv  l.i."Jur  i.n  tiio 
lliiiul  Wfs,  .'.ikI  vmvt  lluii  till.'    iVufu,  v.iili  hi.;'irr  anil 

I,.,  M.1   li ri.J   i.;ii-t;.  I    v\  ■iiii'ii,    lh.lt   !,.w  (I  il- 

liii.i,  wc.ii  iiiu-  li  l.\r^',i.-r  iwnt;.  th.in  the  rcll,  Luc  jjown  , 
h.i.iuli"  tlu'y  niiill  r.irry  tlirir  diiklii-n  in  thcin  ii|i'in 
ihiir  lucks.  I'l.iy  wur  ilr.iwcrs  vvhiih  riJi  h  to  the 
ii.:.li!lf  1)1   (he  till  ',h,  .ir..l  ovrr  iliciii   lirccihts.     '1  lit" 


Jt.iAirs   ihi-y    alvs.iys    uup 


on,  .'.rA  I'ui  p  in  tlicin. 
'I'lu  ii  bii-rcliis  t  line  il>«ii  ti>  ilic  kriiis:  tli' It-  they 
lilt  M't  wiMi  in  liimiiKT  or  i,:  winter,  bur.  when  they  j;o 
jibrii.KJj  .i.kI,  .is  I'lMii  ,1,  tlicy  I'lnic  hotu'",  they  (I'lli 
till  111  oil  .1  ■..111.  Ni.\t  to  tliiii  b./vlle,  tir.'y  \Mar  .1  w.iiil- 
lu.it  nuilc  (if  )oi:i ,;  Uwii  (Uin>,  vtith  the  iuiiy  Ikle  iii- 
w.irj.  riie  e(i.i;,  nr  uj'iier  ('..irincnf,  is  alio  in.i.le  of 
r.ie  i-olouri-vl  rA'.!ii  ll-.iiis,  or  (in  iLiccl.  ot  ili.it)  iImI- 
l!.:ns  triniinej  aiil  cilj;ci.l  wi'h  \.hite,  x,<.[  iiatly 
wroiii;!::   in  the   le.uns,    .iiul  .ihoiit    tlu-  brir.i.      riitir 


h.'.ir,  which   i-,   vtiv    1) 


jnil 


il.i.k, 


is  brai-leil,    anil 


ti'  li  uji  in  a  knot.  I'hcy  (•oiiiuiDiily  jj,o  bare- ii'-.ulcJ,  as 
v.cll  without  as  witliin  iloors:  nor  arc  tin  y  co.i  nil  with 
li'Ki Is,  but  1:1  c.li;  iit'r.iin  J^r  linAv.  'I  liiir  chief  onia- 
lUints  arc  fill's  bc.i.].,  of  iku  r-,  c;!  '::s  oi'  rorai, 
:.!iout  their  links  .mil  .iiai  ,  anil  j'.  rnl.ir.t.s  in  tiirir  c.iii. 
'I'll.'.' ailo  '.vcar  I'l.Hck'ts  made  oi  Lilaik  Ikia  let  wi.h 
pe.irlj,  WK.'i  \.hicli  they  iii.M  tiicir  do.itlis  an^l  !lu.(";. 
S.iir.e  iuuc,  bcll.li'j  tliis,  anotln  r  li'U  of  ciiil)cUilli- 
liur.li   tliev  lUal.e  1  m;;  bl.uk  ftrol.;;b  beructn  l!.e  eycb 


;.in, 


(lit    ilie    fj.cl.cjil,    upin    ti.c 
ar.i  even  '.ipini  ilie  ''lii;!";  .uul   lej; 
<  ..i.uIh  I  ]■.  uy  ciiMii,    I 
i  1  i.nir  \ i 
i.i  f  tnc:.-. 
vuiiy,  vv 


tl 


It  tl.oi..' 

r.lreii 


.h.  I, 
V.  iio  ii  .ve  I 
i.nov.in:^   1' 
(i!)r;i;.i..!i'  v 
e   .k-,,  •,  aii.l 


-:i  1.1  . 
.lot  i 


!. 


Ill  IV  1)1-  l.nt  a'.'.M'.',  ,ri-  obli 


I'-.iniv, 

\\  i:h    refjii,' 
•>oc!  K  run  il    ; 


.irms,   .uul  IiukIs, 

i.      J  luy  keep  tlieir 

iier  il.in:;s,  efpcciilly 

nil  •.      I'he  woiiun, 

•  Ni-ry  dirty  iiiul   llo- 

■.;i;iot  Lie  reinu'.iatcJ. 

•1  I  ":  :t;c  barren,  or  wholtr 

a.i.  .».!  ''-v  tnc  niwiuent  thiy 

'■'I  to  ta'a'  Hi.  re  care  to  be 

ihcy  111  ;y  [il.'.n-  their  iuilli.i.iJ--. 

to  ililjiolition,    tiie   (jroenlan'ler;    .ire 
r,.l    (iliih-,    b'-i;    in.iole'it,    li'i.',     aiul 

anil 


p:.ie(:iii.'.t,r.      1  In  v    h.e   [  (M.-c.ibiy  wlcho.it  lai 
.lit  rfi^ul.iily  wiihiinr  ilil  ii.iinc. 

In  i.ifrs  "I  nmuler  (v. Iii.!i,  lvi>'.\'\Tr,  fckl.im  n.ippen) 
no  cojin;;;,nic  is  1  ii.cn  of  liie  murilcKr,  unicfs  tlie 
ne.nell  n-fition  to  ih'-  liicealcil  tiiinl^s  ]iroper,  perlim- 
ai!y,  to  re\fii'v  lu''  ilea'.h.  Oil  worn  ii,  v.lio,  (r<nn 
,m  unrow.iiil  liii'polition,  .ue  luppoleil  to  be  witches, 
t!icv  kill,  by  the  iiiiaiiinuius  conlcnt  of  the  neiylibuur- 
iiood. 

i\s  tht  V  iliink  all  tli''  proiluilions  of  n.uurc  ik limned 
for  niaiikiiid  in  gemv.il,  tliev  deem  every  thin;'  com- 
mon piiperty.  Tills  ii.ituiMlly  obviates  the  idea  of 
roblieiv,  ;i  'lie  Can  Ileal  wheie  he  has  a  right  to  take 
wli.i: -vir  he  ,  -ppens  to  I'.y  his  hinds  on.  Hut  this  i.iea 
they  e.vtcud  v,  ih'.in;_^cr.s,  and  take  as  fieel.-  from  them 
ab  Iroiu  [heir  <.-vn  neij'hl),)ur^,  whii-h  oecafuns  them 
to  have  a  worll-  n  me  tli.m  tluy  lieierve  j  as  the  notions 
they  are  brought  tip  in  c.xeale,  in  lome  me.ilurc,  t!.eir 
luji  'lied  dc!'.iujucney. 

I'ornicati  Ml  and  .idultery  are  unknown  to  the  Ciroen- 
l.u-iders,  e:\i  cji:  iij-on  i'.irticulir  occa(ioii>^,  when  cer- 
r.'.in  ceremonials  at  whiJi  bj'.!i  fexes  attcul,  atlmit 
ol  promifcuous  inicr..M'.ilCi  an.l  tliefe  permillions  do 
not  [Hocced  1.)  lU'ieli  from  vi.e  .13  arbitr.iry  ciiiloni ; 
for,  in  general,  the  (iroenian.lers  arc  nvxlell,  civil, 
jjeiieroub,    and   lioi|.it.ible.     Only   married  pco[)'j   are 


iidinitted  to  t!v.'  ab 


'iieiuionci: 


fcliiv 


lis 


for  the  iin- 


iin.  licvl,  of  both  Ica^.i,  are  rcin.uk.ible  lor  their  ino- 
'i  ily  a:;  1  ontinea.v.  'l;  lonlirm  this  al!ert:.>n,  Mr. 
I.;'.li-,  il'/-  IXiniiii  iiii  i'.i;i.i;y,  l!iys,  he  never  f.uv  any 
li  tieiii  I:  ^'.1  .':i\  1,;,  .r  ^iiveiliiu  m,  or  ll'ew  ;!■•,.•  !.■. ill 
1  1  ''  n.itu.i!i  :•>  il,  liili.'r  in  .•.•  -.rd  ur  tleed.  l^irin^j;  Ulteen 
'. .-ais  that  lie  li\ed  in  (-i;ocnl.ind,  he  did  nut  iicar  of 
No. 


i'r- 


more  than  two  or  lliroc  tinni.trrird  yotmp;  women  w!k> 
were  projiMiir,  bcc.iule  it  is  reckoned  the  greatclt 
difltacc. 

I'he  mod  exreptioii.ible  iirnpenfiry  of  the  Grocn- 
l.indei-  is  tliiirb,  it.^  I'o  exree.ling  dirty,  tiir  tluy  am 
Il  -veils  to  a  d(',;ree  ol  btaUiality.  'Tim  nv.n  are  lo  fond 
of  ilirt,  that  iliey  never  wa:!i  thcmfelvts  widiilean 
w.iter,  but,  in  the  manner  of  c.it  ,  lick  tluir  I'ni.'.cr.i, 
an  I  clean  their  laces,  as  will  as  they  can,  widi  the 
Ipiti!..  I'iicy  even  cat  their  vi.tual,  in  the  lame  bowls 
.uid  plnters  tli.it  have  been  iickid  bv  their  hall  llaivtd 
li"!;  ■,  without  the  leall  idea  c(  making  them  el- an. 
I'lii-  Women  think  they  ar'-  ikver  To  Iweet  as  when  they 
w.ilh  theinlelvis  in  urine,  tint  beiii",  dci  iiiiil  their  yr.^nil 
pirfiitne  I  nnd  a  firni.il',  when  l(>  cleaned,  ima;;ines 
iier  fmell  to  be  peculiarly  gritelul.  I'.ven  the  men 
.idipt  this  opinion  li)  far  as  to  compliment  a  woman, 
after  havin^^  Ikc.i  tlr.r.  Icowered,  with  the  titl:  of 
niv:r.i'ji tr  /'!itiinriik\,  or,  maidenly  IV.ce:.  Coinpanv 
never  hindcis  either  lex  Ironi  cjiiiplying  witlj  tl;c  c-iis 
of  n.it'irei  and  tl'.e  uteiiiils  f.jr  iliofe  purpoles  being  ..1- 
w.ivs  in  tile  l.ime  ro.uii  a.  tlic  family,  a  dilai^reeablc 
ilH'ivi.i  arifes,  which  is  cxtreiv.ely  ollciilivc  to  any  bui: 
tii'ile  who  are,  by  long  ufe,  lamiliirized  to  I'lch  llcnches. 
Many  ofthelc  people  foak  ra'.'.  hides  in  tl.  .li;  very  ii:en- 
lils,  v.hieli  contributes  coiuidcrably  to  the  n.iul'eous 
Imell  of  ilie  i<l.ice,  and  renders  a  (jroenlander's  iiabiia- 
tion  .'.Inoll  in'.'.ill'-rable. 

liic  (iroer.iai:i'ers  feed  upon  tlic  flclii  of  lea-pir- 
trid;-;e.i,  lures,  Icals,  rein-deer,  and  whales.  '1  htir 
llelli  ir.'jat  they  c.it  either  b.lied,  dri'.ii  in  llie  fun  or 
w;n.i,  or  ra'.v.  Their  lifl-i  they  cither  b.iil  <,r  dry  tiio- 
roufiily.  Indeed,  it  is  by  p>  ricelly  drying  tha:  they 
prelerv*;  their  liilmon,  halibut,  or  flents,  wliich  .'.re 
caught  in  the  fumiiitr,  and  laid  up  for  winter  (lore : 
(i)r  tin  le  people,  with  all  their  ignorance,  are  as  care- 
ful as  tl'.e  ant  in  paoviding  tor  future  exigencies.  Seals 
are  or.iy  to  be  caught  in  the  funimer,  unlel's  they  hap- 
pen, in  the  winter,  now  ami  then  to  meet  with  a  lew 
Mooting  upon  the  ice.  The  mode  of  pnlnving  tiiefc 
animals  ii  bv  b'.nying  them  under  the  Inow,  iroui 
whenee  il.ey  arc  dug  not  as  occafion  rcipjires,  and  eaten 
witliMti:  lurther  preparation.  'I'liey  are  as  nally  in  eat- 
ing as  other  things  i  for  th.ry  never  clean  cit.'ier  pl.ittens, 
puts,  or  kettle-,;  and  the  dirty  [:rouii  !  fcrves  tliem  for 
a  i.ible.  I'lUt  they  a;t  wiii  r  th.in  many  more  polilhej 
n.itions,  il  iioi  eating  Ire  meals  at  particui.ir  hours, 
but  gratifying  tlic  calls  of  hunger  when  the  cr.iving  ap- 
petite requires.  I  he  women  uliially  eat  by  thenilelves  ; 
but  when  the  (iroenlanders  return  from  fe.i,  tlr-y  ma!  c 
merry  togetiier,  and  regale  I'lmptU'Uilly. 

As  thele  people  are  not  deiic.itc  in  their  appetites, 
they  are  not  very  particular,  in  times  of  liareiry,  v. ;:'i 
lefpeel  to  their  food,  as  thev  vviil  fce.l  up m  ]/iece-,  of 
rotten  Ikins,  lea-weeds,  llags,  any  kii;.!  of  roots, 
whale's  fat,  train  oil,  cV'c.  In  fummcr  the/  ufe  v.  od 
as  liiel  to  diels  fuch  victuals  as  tliey  il )  not  clwr-  t^> 
eat  raw;  but,  in  winter,  they  uliiaily  b  lil  their  t  j  xl 
upon  their  train-oil  lamps.  Their  kctiles  are  nvk'.e  ci- 
ther ol  bral's,  copper,  or  marble,  and,  in  gener.il,  nia- 
nufieUired  by  themklve.s.  Their  method  of  kindling 
a  tire  is  by  the  friction  of  a  piece  ot  hard  wood  upon  a 
dried  Hr-trcc  block. 

The  D.uies  found  gre.it  d!  r.,e';v  in  bringing  tlie 
Grocnianders  to  tafle  tl.  r  ;ro''ir..v,s.  Some,  how- 
ver,  at  length  C! me  to  '.:  (^.i^d  of  lie.ui  rv.l  b'Jtter ; 
but  very  lew  have,  a  .  •. :  ,  overeome  their  il:  ing  aver- 
lion  to  Ipirituous  lii{U  r  ;  .,  id  none  can  be  pe  fu.ided  to 
chew  or  linoak  tobiieei'. 

'The  men  are  i  'm:,-.onl,'  corteiU'-.i  ■'..!■.  one  wife. 
'There  arc  fume,  iiniced,  but  tliuio  ,i,e  '.ery  (i.'w,  that 
keep  twf),  th.ree,  t.r  four  wivev ;  but  thefe  pal's  for 
heroes,  or  more  th.an  <  r.iinary  men  j  bec.uiie,  bv  their 
iiul'.illry,  they  are  able  .\i  m.iintain  to  min;/  wives  and 
cluklrcii.  lief  ire  tiie  arrival  of  the  Danes,  Jcaloufy 
never  prevailed  amon,:  thofe  wi',  e-.;  but  ilicy  agreed 
Will  t.igether;  thou;^.h  tiic  firlt  wife -.v.is  reckoned  the 
millrcls.  Bat  fince  the  IJ.uies  have  inibimcd  them  cf 
7  1  t!ic 


jM 


"m 


M'.W,  R.")YAT.,  a;;,)  /aHlirNTIC  STSTr.M  of  l'N"IVFRS.\I.  Gi  Or,i{AP[lY. 


m 


1 


•'^H 


i<.' 


i 


,k!  will  oi  (i  \',   i:i;i-or'i:'.",  tli;i!, 


iC     iH 


.tur  m.i  lo  oiit  111,11)  ;mti  ont 


l!it,'  wo; 

yiiiiun::,   l:  <■■ 

.v'o:M.i:i  M  '.i\i-  in  iiiatii;lKir,y  .is  l.iilli.uv.l  ,1111!  wit'f,  ihfir 

i.ivc  liicii  '.liiH-  n-k-nriiK-nt  in  tlu'   v.iws  v. Inn   thfir 


1 

Iili:l).i: 
tlicin. 


Ii.u  c  bira  irniMl'rv 


to  r.il.c   air,'  (it!!ii>   In 


liilc 


.|v,l  to  Mr.  I'' 


to  put  ,!  li  i|i  t)  !iu-:-,  .1  i  ;    ,  i . 
i.-.tlru ■!(■.'    th 

|-c-;;i  .\!i,l   !ii::)    ;;illy   t.i   ii)!!;'!  ,"[    liiL'ii 
i\.:v  ('t  ll'x  Wv.tV.'.i  n  :■!  n.'.f.  i;;i.  nt. 


;  ( .11-,  ilclitin.';  mm 
A  !:o,  V.  hen  Ik'  has 


,;i   tl'.iir  i.iti    nil:i),   l!;iv    li.iw   always 
Ivr'.ii^'.    in    the 

IV  •,  i,'l:a:n  lioni 


!ii.;;i\!"::  ; 
i'jcc,  ilc.-ir 
tiinl.  \i  i 
Vvwr.in.  (!■ 
niiiv,   li;  '•: 


u-lr;on  ,  Cki-ii   n   ili.-   tiara   iie- 


. !  '■  krviM  ..ri 


inv.  .irrari(,i''!c  a::.l  v.iw.i 
k\  '.:'  .'.  v.H.:-;^  ;n;ui  an.i 
Lm.m  <■  li;..it>,l  in  ore  f!i- 
I  r-i\!   •.  '.'i-tliit  i   l"r  I'.cv 


\V 


;i:!i'  .iiv  rro! 


.■s   It 


iiv  M  ; )  :  :i 


1).  -'i  Ik!.-..     AI':.T  \u- 
'■■:<.::i  s  t.M)  ct  r.i  Mi:  o!.i 


-O   M  t'lf 


'.'.l-  will*.  I- 


■f, 


r.:i"r\  n-r  .iw.i.  liv  l.jtci- ;  (  >r 


tlloi 


rcnri' 


;■()■■.  ■.  I  I  tin"  m.r 


y;T,  o\:r  t>f  :ii  )ilcliy, 
.)  .iVdivi  '!u-  icnUirc  d 
•  to  tlu'  Imi  iti'io  );ii'b 


dcl^cifiit  in  po!n:  ori:r.v!t'i(l,!i;.'ir,.r,  it  w.mkl  not  he  ra- 
l'a!)lc  oflii;  iwig  its  v..;v  to  the  land  of  Iphits  witiioiit  a 


laiihrul  i!o: 


'•  t')  run  bcloix-  and  'ruidi-  ir. 


I'l-.L- priiifi]);;!  ainuli-nicnts  ol' tho  liri<i.'nl.wKlcr.s 


ti-i- 


m  a  viT}'  li.-.-!'i  dil'. oriiant  in;\'ii:cr,  dancin;;  .u 
vrry  n:(!i.:    mc.c,  luiinir.::,  vifillinfi,  fiiot- l-.iil 


ry  hi  1)111  (p.i 


ml   uicli  f.icli   o:hri-.  /;. 


i.i    tiHir    iTMi, 


'.to  1; 


1-'II'!11'.' 

a  (. 


I', 
idi- 


d.Tl.. 
|. 


'c    ;iny    K;iaii!.i;5 


t  )  I  Xj  I 


KM  .  .1!!:^'  r  ().•■  rc- 


u-\-  .ui-  r..-:\v  \.-\n\i\   to|:-n::   l,i:r  whc: 
I 


K  in.imliT  comTiii-.  ii::nuit  a;^  .',,if\  al  or  aH'onrcd, 
UUmi^l^s  till'  a!'"ai!  ir  to  a  tiial  ol  iatirical  fIJ.ll    .;; 


i-anuV  larc.ilni  \,it;i  l.i 
i-ordi:i."lv,   v/li(Mi  t:;i.'  i 


0--   tv.)  [".rtii.".  iiK'it  ar- 


'iT   I:i:m:: 


llrll, 


;!r. ;,  in 


huni. roils  poi-ti.ai  m.ui:,t-i-,  (:m;-.-,-.,  |,is  anta'-onjl 


.'ill'?  airrontcil  him,  a 


n.l  h!x(-.M!r   1 '■c,i;Mti;!.ir, 


cvi'i  I  lu'.ts  Ol'  fill; 
lo'i   iliilh'ni 


.   li.i.-.   r.'ni 
;fu    I'.'i'liis    in  a   !;  1; 


hinili:lt  as  wi-ll  as 
I'trors  ol'  till"  challni" 
c'l.illcni^cr  lias  the  a,; 


I.  1,1,  an  I  rcr»: 


ll'.iin,    C.KCl.: 

','  re'.'o'ir.rin 


a  th.^  war  ot  W(,r, 


1!  tl 


iit.i' 


■1    I  -n-, 


!■  r  I  ii'.v  v.nr,  a:  a 
rncr,  I'poii  .1   h.  ik  1 


!ll.'.t",'(. 


1;    r    P.H.-    Vfli; 


IV'     Mil    1^ 

"s    no    I' ,'!'!.■  lies 


li  til' 


rir.  t'ti     he 


\m:Ii    ikt   hair 

il    ilic    !ll'-.:n    V.'iiilc 

iialicr  of. 


f'.c   1:1; 


r:[  'Miatr  Vr.v.v 
aiiu'.:r:,  or  1!  ti' 


t    I     .It'olvVM  ■ 


I  )r   havin;;    ;, 
he   i->  (M.--  :a:i' 


i    1: 


■  r'.onilt   is  iii.<i:;'' 
b'.i*.  on    ti: 


I'.-ii  wron  ',  .iiid  K'; 


rn.ll   coniclj  iii:!!- 


;  1'   ;  I   co.lii'.ll.HH'c 


:!''■  hiiT'Mi,  (wn;.  a   I 


lation. 


x-t  V.'.c 


'ii;i:'i;  .'I 


on  il'-  i.a'.'ia:'  ina.lc  tlit;  a.'cu- 


liulllv 


ic  how  It  V. 


.1  I'e.-oncili.'.non  is  intL-  to  i..i 
c'oiiclu  i'j  with  tliL-  ut;n  >ll  lai 
niiniiL-r  tcfiiinarc  t: 
rii'l,  i,  tl 


an.;  tiif  (. 


'!i  ."A  !  ii-ili 


I'lV  'XW 


c-  till-  ij'Mircls  ol' ;.'■,.'  (ir otMil.! 
rill  rtlentni'.'nt.      Ir  i^  t  >  b:- 


l.r.'  1 
In'th 

;'s,  an 


ad  III 


f  I  Iv  \i'iv  i  'aoniini"'a  ,)  ..a.l  I'M  in.ia','  otlic 


\\\\U. 


li'ir   u   tai'V 


rii'.'::i  tlu'v  ki-t-p 


ivir..i..i    in    ii.ii 


'lllliT'lIl'M!  ot    t: 
,1  In-.;:;'-::;   t(M' 


rtu'iilariv 


liK/ii   a-    It    I-, 


Iiev   u;:l  ,  o  to  wor 


,  nd  do  t'l'ir  oiili:'.  r\  liunii;  ! 


but  t  Mil 
tia.'.r    i 


Il  colls  ti'i'ii)  tiitir  ii\'i 


I  hi 


\'.'    t.M     tl 


,ir.[  ii'-'-n   ii'.T 


■V  l.aM  ,;  )  I'i 


irf  t  ,:'  f  or 


o.Ii'a',  ',m  ij'j'i.t  n;i  1:1  ;  !_ 
V.  iKc'ci'  im.iii'  >  ill  i..i 
■  ':■  ..  TIkv  !'..k!i'  il,;i 
!.   '..'    Vi'.irs  1)1  i,    IM'    I1M)U- 


ir  t> 


.111.  V,    tnrv  iMiiiiot   il!;:i.'l 


lis  ill, It  li  ,•  nii  iir.iil  live  (!:vmi. 


i  '. 


m;  o'  th":r  (  aiKlr-n 


.\-\\  '■'•  '1  -a 


:  \'  il. 


aim:  ,   ''  k    h-.  1  <■   tl/.  in    to    Vww   own   o 
vvitiil'.irJi.-, '  V.  h'.di,   V. hen  tht-v  ,ir:-  : 


.1  ii'.i  to  \farsol 


in  Iccin    li..  i:'K\l   t  1  \ii  c. 


Al:h^ 


tni-v  ll:t'  V  no  i.'ri-.it  rclj  '.1.-;  :o  tin  ;r  pai  .n' ,  ;a  any  our 


o:mi',   t!u:v  an- 


.l\s    \'tT-,'    VViri!',"    t  !    (!  > 


tlit'V  o-  I'l  t.icni. 


.'s  a.   v.'cii  .1-, 


la  I'-r  til:;  i.i:^  o!  t'var  |;.i 
t;il  tlit'\'  arc  married  ;   .if- 


:'v  lliiic   lor   thenilri. 


■s ;   vv-  t.Mi".'   I  timiniie 


n.uio.'is  w.iu'h  pri't'-a'.!  to  greaf  [m 

1  -ace,   v.. I  il  I  tt'iaiMiiTc  their  liiill 

ole  .111  I   liii'.'Kily   111  in 

:  i.u  (j  :;li;c,  iin.-!iri:t:an,  a'ul  ia'r.ni.ia  pr.u-tiei;  of  d'; 

liii.i',  or  ap'ieali.i.';  to  the  lava.te  b,  iraliiv 


e  tlieir  oiiiere:;  rs  n 
let,  wuh'Mir    h.!\'in; 


t> 


111 
l.i'iri  ■ 
niMr; 


w, 


a  are  lii.'v;  at  their  aileniblii 


ual;  taeir   nei;'!i!i mr^  toih 
1.1 


e'i,  or  rat.her  f;)).!- 
let;  '.li  i.l')e''.i:!ient ,  .ml  re|irereiu.iti.)n'i  of  e.i.  .'1 


ndi.-rs   l.iijlrs.       Che   j-eiloa   ulio  lln.'s   al'.\,ivs   be.i 
lu:!'-  drian  ui'ii  Ir.s  f 


.III  .le.onri.ininient  to  lii> 


.'V.'.l  111'. 


Ihaa.'c    f;ellii;ii!at!oas    ( 


VAC  -re 


'I'  earei;  aaiili'  ir  ol  t.i  ile  p 


■euer 


r:  oi   t.ie  \e.;r 


aililoved  In-  ill 


iHoj  :e   i.;a  r   in    Ima'i";   v:   t.:\uA'> 


I 


'lae  t.ie 


iM'i'.   Is   la-  re;a 


1" 


jr 


il 


o  iMiii.ie  this  .1  ,1- 


lail  tliey  peaetr.uc  m:.)  tae  intcri  ir  pin-,  aeeaii 


1   ;>,■  t.'ieir  wliole  laaiih 


I! 


■iviiv;  l"!!!!.!  a  herd  ot  r. 


i;  I :',  .1   11  I  liLi.'r   ot    i.i:  leal.m.: 
eoiifKier.i'.le   dill  liiee,  and    tl 


rs  lurroaiid  tlieni 


e.i,  with   llioati    and    la 
d'.'oib  yeliingi,  ilrive  tinaii  iiit )  a  11  iiro'.v  eonina!-.,  b 


t  )  1;  ■' 

W.VA   ti, 


(   ). 


la   tl'.e   I. Hue   ho'.ile,   or   u:iim-  t.'.e  I. line 
•  fatiiers,  to.ie'h-,.'r  v-'v.':\  o;  ,er  I.iid'ed   .:a 


a  1  V.  h.i:  t:  .'V  iret  t'ie> 


.'il  (• 


( iroeilM 
11.  a:e  ;.|i.l  i.'ii 


:a  erji.y  in  eoainion, 
r  .1.1  I;-,  pi'oper'y  is 
'J'''  .'■:.  .\\\  \:\\  \  re- 
•   1  I  )  ( ..r:  ',■  V.  .ii'-'i'i  r 


a  ;a  t. 


'pen   .iir   lo   l  >\').\' 


M    la   It 


'',    I  tll'ir  e»!' 


I 


I-  'i!    ip;  .ir-l,   b'lul  rl,.-  ^■•^  m   !.-  r' 


lip    111   ri  la  iti'i 


r  .11, 1 1.  u  i; 


<\  11' 


te  'le  '.s  ..I  .ire  1  ..;|. 


t    r    I'Mil"    liwie 

;  ,   r  I'll,'  ili'ir 


•  I  ;:;■■:  It  a  \'..i;'i.a 
r  ^e  I  t,   ijr.'ii  p  iii' 


1   ,    Ir-  Is  I!  1 


,1,   111   ;.' 
.n  ,   eum'i  ',  e. 


,1  III 


■  1    ).'  [i'.ienre  I. 


.1 


i.iep  e'   a 


ii.ioii,  I'  iloi.,   Ill ,'   .'J   .1   e:ii„ 


tiK-  i.irele  taev 


li.n'e  f.  .iai  .1 


1 


i-  .iir.uials  Deiiii;  tiui^  eoo; 
1  witli 


roaii.l  t  ;.  .r, 
up,   be'..oaic   .la  e.Uy 


pre'.',  and  iii.iy  he  killed  with  (!;rea'  I.Kiliiv 


Tiic  Iniatii; 


weapon,  of  the  (iroenl.mders  .-jr^. 


tre"  bows,  wound  ab  v.it  v.iih  tae  i\wib,d  line.v:.  of 


11 

I'h- 


ruii:;  vsiih   t.ieliaie,  or  win   Hips  of  le.il 


re   near  Ik  •'■ 


De.irileil  wi.'ii  ir.ia  (^:■  ..1.1- 
ill  )•)     bi|•d^   with  are  blui 


e:   la   len:n!i, 
i-'i   bit  ti'ioie  rlie. 


I 


te.ir  tat;  tl   ',1,   ihe 


r.  p'O'a'eil,  tii.i;  taey  may  n^^r 


.il  iw  l):i  1  r  l.iili  .'lea:  to 


th,: 


wirii  I  \t    m  LiiL'ltn''    1: 


la    kiilin..;   Tea   ti>',v|,    tliev 
il    ilicv    t'lro'.v    witli   all')ai:]iin;i  dext'ei 


.1:1.1  vrrw  l(  I'lom  :!ii 


M'    IIV'O 


i-  :i  a 


1:   \  1-.  'IkeriT.r  li'oni   \ 


r  fi'i 


'    1 


d   by  ol.'i  !'    I. 


\V 


len  ta^'v  i'_t  (.  ,1 


iip'  1,1  I.i  lie  r 
eallel   \ 


t.iev  ;•  1  la 


lanre  l^ 


).i '  bj' 


til"  V.  M  ; 

la  o.'v  Ml   til 


•b  i.i;,   ii  I     I.' 

I  ll,)il    ■    .1   V. 


r.e.\,.l  b 


M'    ■'  )  pel  I  .,'1 , 


,  V. all    M  ly    111' 
II  'J   uir'i    will  I    1' 
I  ■   lie  ol   '.'I'lir:  '  I 


a  1'.     aliiii"  ,   <  J 
'  I,   I  11  V  n  "  01 


b 


1  f  le','  lin  I  ,1  V.  ,i,.i,-,  1  , 
•'  I'i'i-,  t  )  v.hi.h  ,Ui'  I. si 
'  i  •  va   !■  .il  ll.iii.,   w:,:.  '; 

Ider,.       Iheli-    a:f:  j  1 
',.'  i  I!  "'a!  1  i.f'rs  1.1  t  .V  r 


Ml    li.::    Iiiil.e. 


0:    111.' 


III.  II: 


.!'(  i 


I  .  ■  ri  1.  'v  III'  th"  uhale  .i:;i  i 
i  I  .1  II  Mil  divinr^  uaiK'i'  'ii : 
e.      W  h'.a   tlu'"  wh.il  •   |  ,;   ; 
lile.i    by  I  iiip.MC,   tie;    L  1    i.i 
I'll  I,  ears  .laj  linwi  .  idl  li'.- 


fea,  an!  bi- 
b(i:iv,  '  '.  <'ii  I 
nor  iial:,  as  : 
raa  il.av.i  iiim 
li.  d:iri!ii.i,  l.i 
Willie  lie  re  is 
at;. I   -at  avav 

.'..il.  :a<' 
tlicni  wiai  h.ii 
wiiale-li:iii:i:', 
tliey  <"iiiie  t  ) 
ftrikin:;  tiiem 
like  ti.eir  own 
rreepin.;  iir  :i 
vei  V  l.iaie  m.ii 
lander  app.'" 
j.iil.   h:;ii    \M 

the    Plow,    th' 

fr,'.a;|i  iri'i.l    :■ 
t'lev   die    I'.i'i 
\<.iiile  'hey  ba 
01  lio.iriaj.;  Ip'' 
iiiies  niavie  ol 
C.lt<  il  .1  .iie.ir 
lines  i-'f  i!eiP[ 
t.lken  I'V  ae  .1: 
till'  t:  1"  I  .ii.'i. 
I  in  !  .'.:  i'lw  VI, 
lurii  ,:  cMteiiJ 
rii.l.--  n  [lie  11 
p.rie,  i." M  oi    I 
tri'a  (  :''. 

'I'll,  >  li.,.'e 
neri  .ilor.e  u 
]  oiirei!  :U  b  '. 
tiine  v-,i;.a  ::  i  ■ 
ill  I'le  liiiii  : 
l-at.'.,  .laii  lit 
lli.iiie  of  tii.l 
!ini  ii.ii :  i  and 
lirell'rd,  and  1 
ia  it,  wh"  l.ai 
ler  r.in  p.  ;k  ;i 
||  I,  il;.i  1,1.  le. 
b:  '.id  .11  holl 
tki  II,  'Il  Itor; 
and  it  they  u. 
an  I  recover 
'I  111'  kone-b  1 
<iai.,bk',  and  1 
V  lie  ii.is  .1  in. I 
'il  ilie  imiil!-: 
v.i;!i  liie  le  ip  I 
liuild,  II 1  .III  . 
;iii  '.he  tir.  icii 
I  .  '■.  aient  01  t 
i.ii  :li^  .v.iA  bill 

I  lll^  eoai  p 


GUAPIIY. 

wniilil  iidt  be  a  ■ 
i  fp'.ri',',  witliiiiit  ,» 

tii'i'i-'ni.KKlcr.s  arc 
■.'!ii;cr,  (l.mciM:;  .u 
ii'illiiifr,  fiiot  '-.iil, 

ll    IMlh    CUIkI-,    (Mt 

f^e  liny  lci::ii!.iis 
\\\c\'i  ,i!i:;'T  or  •■(■- 

0  t:,:h: :   lii:r  ulu'n 

ii'Mll  or  .lIl'f.T.tcJ, 

01  iatiiic.i!  I'vill,  .;; 
)  pircics  iiK'it  ,u  - 
■i:i.  Ilrll,  ;'.r/,  in  .■. 

is  ant.l;;();iill-  v..;!i 
•■c,ipiti;!.ir/s  v.!..i' 

'   V   ,;:;        'I'l.C     [,.;■. 
ill'.iiil,    CX(.l.'.['.-.T''. 

'■'■,  I'f'.-o'.T.tin  ;  ti.  : 
r  of  W(,r,l<,  i!  ti:  ■ 
M.'^onill  is  <^!.'l::-' .: 
I'.in  ;  hv.  oil  tii  ' 
nn:(l  coiifcl'i  liini- 
ii;  iii.i.le  ti'ic  .Kcu- 
ciikic  how  it  v.il', 
',  an;!  t.'iL-  day  i  > 

fi-ltivity.  In  til: 
(irx'nl.'.ii.ifi';,  ai: 
i-  t  >  b-.".v:;!a-.|i;;iL 

r.i.i  .:;k1   lir:u",\.- 

c.  iil  ::  l^.j  I'a'i. 
.'.viri.;  r'.;-,,uil.'  tj 
:i  piv..-tic-c  of  li'i. 
:r,iliry  of  biiu:,. 
cir  aiR'iiihliLs,  .ir..' 
or  rat.'iLT  jp  ),i- 
■k-ntatioivi  ol  ^-^.  \ 
's  always  Iiim;-,  .i 
o;ii;uniiiiciu  to  hi, 

i^flliciilations  l^jr 
■lent. 

fiiip'.ovcJ  !iv  tiulc 
'•  I  .h-  pnii:;|  il 
lo  p;iir.iL-  rh:,  .1  .i- 
^ait'.,  acf:.)in|ia:-,'_>l 
iii.l  a  lie  111  o!  r'  ;.'.- 
irni;ii;J  thi-;ii   ;,;    \, 

■  h  Iho'it:,    an, I    ii: 
"•o'-v  l.onl;1a!^,  iiy 
"■1  .1    ro'::i  I   t';  x.. 
>,   l>f':j:iic   a;i  caiy 
.n-ility. 

ifnlantl -IS  arc  fr- 

lK\i   [JllCVj   of"    1111- 

wici  lii;)S  of  Ir.il 
■'•;  111  k-nj'th,  ,!!!  I 
'  t<-'  J  hit  tiioii:  rii'.-y 
tii.K  tiicy  may  n^r 
:i:  t  )  kiil  tho  'ijtr:!, 
M  to.vl,  thry  uli* 
);;i:!uiif_f  licxtciiii , 

:  i":.T<'r.r  from  \.!i  ,• 

^^'lf^  t:i-y  1l;  <.  ,1 

a   lai!-;;  io  1  •  bj-. 

i  hy  woiu  11  .   (■■( 

I  '•!■    ,;  •(  pri;   ,;i.  , 

■  lin  !  a  V.  ;i..i,-,   r 

,  I  I  \'.h;.h  au-  III 
I  1  ll  ll-iil,,  w,.:  'i 
I  h.;ti-  .v.l-.:  ),1 
'•••.)]  ihl'T'.  ia  (  .1  ;r 
I.:  I.irla'.i-  ot  i|,,- 
ol  th'  whak'  at.  1 

ilivin,'^    llllil.T    'ii  ; 

■I  till'  \\\..:\  ■  I .;  i 
'ijv't-',  tlic   L11..1 
aiiJ  lii:i.(  .  I'll  I,,- 
(  x '  I  n  . 


n  iv:j!'i..]  G    ii   1-.   I'. 

f.i]  In  >•.     On  i!;;-:  Ofcal'ioii  tlicy  rtri-  ciaJ  in  I'  !:i  coats, 


Vn    I,     fv 


1), 


co.ililt'.i:  '  of  i'h;y  <  ni-   iv.-.Ti-,  v.l 


:!•■,  iti  nv:.,  aiu; 


laj.-,  ;rv,'.\l  ;iii.l  l.i' '■  I  ll  11 ',ic  t"',.  i.k  r,  ii-.L  no  w.rtT' 
(,i:i  [ ci'.rtia"'  ihnn.  In  il;i',  pail)  iIkv  !iin,ji  i;iv.)  the 
ha,  ant  ix['.'<  'o  ll:.i  tin-  la^  all  r  aiii  1  ir.v  wi. .:.■',; 
U\',\\  i:n\  uii'l  r  w.iUt;  i  ■!■  in  il.r  ,■  coalj  thcv  i  ,:n- 
llfir  iiiih,  as  I'l'.-y  M-  .;]v.Mys  li'il  iil  .1:1  ;  1  1  il;..t  they 
(a'l  iiand  u:iir-,.r  in  ti,'-  l:.i.  Nv/,  t.'.cy  ,ii-f  ;  i:;i::inK- . 
li.  ilarinu  liuit  I.!;  V  u.ll  ,,(.'t  li|,on  tii  ■  u!i  ili 's  i>:ick 
W:. '•  lii' ."f  I-,  y,'.  ll;'-  in  l.ini,  to  liia,.^-  .1.1  cn-.l  (  •  hi,n, 
TiV.'i  Mt  a  sav  I  :    :  ;■. 

.',.il.  :;ir  ■  ...  ,1  ;<v  \.,riof .  UK  til  )i! .,  I'uli  a  :'  .'.;:i;; 
tl:-,ni  \\i:li  h.ii|aions,  liiiiii.ir  in  loiiii,  t  1  tlioll-  ii;,;. i  m 
vi'iia!i--li.iii:i'.',  hut  r.Ui,li  lin.ilk-r  ;  w.m  hin;;  ihrni  wlifii 
ti'.i'V  I' line  t)  ■>;',  '.'<'  at  tlic  ,iir  liolo.  in  tlio  i,  r,  an  i 
rtiikiiv;  tjif'in  \v:r,,  1,11.,  rs,  .i|']iroai  liin:.;  t.'i''ni  ui:i^-iii.  il 
1;  .(•  t,,i;r  oaii  \\r.i  i  ' ;  li:  11  is,  i-ovcii'il  wih  a  I'  .,1  ll.iii, 
r:,;'iin;  iir  n  tliC  H:  ,  ,in.l  wa/'ini;  tlic  lif.ul  in  (In; 
WiV  l.i.ur  ni.iiinci  .1..  .1  k.il  ,  iiy  whi,  n  ir.c.ins  rli'-  ( irov:.- 
I,!i:'.kr  a;'i  :"ii'ht--:,  i.a'  aniiii,.!  '.v:;!.;,;:;  liifi  n-i:i)i,  an  1 
!.:!'.  liini  •>  :  n  ll.^  IniCi.  I'r-vii'u  i  1  the  t.ilhi  :■,  m 
(!"•  laio',  ill' it-  |'"j.'li-  (,lil  liX'  t'l"  k'lls  thi'iU!,','!  the 
fi.'.:i:]' irci.l  ;  '',  .in  I  :i,ici.- i!i'-i;i  :  >  t:,i.' o| '':i:ng-,  svli'-rc 
tlk-v  an-  (;  I'ilv  kiiKsl.  I  ill  .'  .111.-  ii!,  v.i;.-  l;ji|iii;'arJ 
v.!iilc- fliry  iij  ■:  ik'-init-'ivci  in  :n  Inn,  <-iilu'r  upon  ruLi;s 
ni  li'Miin,;-' lp''-i!'.  "•  i-v'.  1  ll'.'  '.  i!';.'.'nl.ir..!;'r .  aiiL'jc  witii 
lines  111:1, if  ol  All  III  ;i.)iu  ,  mi  vi  rv  lirall,  an.!  ^>:, orally 
c.it,  11  .1  ^u',it  111  n\  Tilh.  1  i;r  n  ,1;' n;  i^  cai'^-'lit  v.itli 
li:l'.-.,  ol  iuiPj',  01  1'  ll  (kin.  .^.ihii  n  an.i  r  •t-:;iii  .iic 
t.'.i.cn  hv  :i;- .i:i-  ol  '.V'.-.;  ,  :;■  ik/r.'.'  tin!  I'jii  ~,  iiiro  uimii 
ll;--  r:  !'■  i.ii.i.s  tliim  .1:  llin  ■.!,  ana  k.iv.-s  them  .iii  (.Iry 
1 1:1  !  .'.':  i  'W  u.iicr.  Sieiit  u.U  are  >.,ii:;',lit  hy  i:.'j.ni,i  o; 
IK':,  .  {  MtenJuii;  lip  in  p"i'.i.  I'll' v  .ae  iri'.d  ii;h,;-,  tnc 
r. .  ',  .  11  [he  i<^:^-i-\  air,  and  luve  !  i;  ji.irr  oi  the  winfLf 
],M',  i.'  ',1  ol  l!.'j  ii.itivts,  being  dr(.ii':ii  111  melted  lac  or 
iren  i  :h 

I'll,  >  li...-c  f.vo  I'lrts  of  ho.it' ;  tl'iC  r;-e,  v.liieli  tiie 
vvr,  .ilonc  m.i!;''  iiic  oi,  i^  a  liiiall  veik  I,  ,i.id  lliarp 
I  oih'ei'.  :u  !)  ',11  e:;ii  .,  tliree  t.iamn.s  in  l(:i:,;ii,  .lii.l  hut 
tiitte  >;t..i! :;  I ,  o'l",;  '.  .1..I  *.kic  ar  'in .11,  with  .1  i.jimd  Ii.de 
in  I'le  inik  -',  i  i^  i--:.  •'  i,i''i  'ii  ,.'r  .1  I'l ;  I's  1>,  ,ly  t'l 
tn!.'.,  .iiid  he  k;,;.\ni:i  1,  'I  ..e  ',::;iik'  ol  ;nt  b.iat  i.s 
111,1, ie  of  til,  1  .ail.,  ;  i,v. -.i  :  ,.;,.'::•  ^  i  1  :!u  liiV-Us  (f 
iini  u.ll  i  a'l'i  I'l'.'  nntfi.ii'  is  1  i.'.r.-.i  \..\  le.il  ikins, 
iiiellrd,  aiui  v..'.h'iir,  h.ur.  N  1  m  i.-  i;....:  1  ;.e  e.m  li; 
in  ir,  wh"  (.nk-iis  11  \  >  ti|j,iif  .iboiit  his  v.ai.l  tiiar  n.)  w.i- 
ler  r.i'i   [•.:k;i   ii'   K.      In  ■  lel.' Invul   1)  /  r  ,  ti. 'V  po  to 

I     I,     ll;.l  li.  II'.;     tl  •':'!     wi'il     one     (■.,■,    .1     i  ;:   ,  1.11     i'.Jil.',, 

ll'  ..111  .1!  I'liih  cn.l,,  uitli  v.hiL.'i  til!  y  paddle  .ib.  a;  in 
till  ih 'it  Ihii  ;nv  \>,  ith,  r,  t)  e.f.e!)  1:  .il  am'  k.i  I.avIs  ; 
and  il  tluy  uapi  i-n  to  o'.iiiet,  e.iluv  1  lue  tliemlvlves, 
nil  I  leeovcr  then  bo.its  by  mean'.-  >■•  tiuir  paiidi'.--,. 
'1  ill-  kone-liMt  is  ma.,lc  in  the  t'.im;'  r.i,;ii:i,  r,  bnt  ni':e 
dill. .Me,  and  I'Mip/ r,  I'.'ii;;;  1  .■  tee;  in  lenpdi,  ,ind  like- 
vile  ii.es  .1  in.ii',,  uiih  .i  in.inj^iikir  liiil,  whieli  ii  m.;,!e 
ol  till'  iiKiiil-iaiii  s  ,i:id  entr.i'ls  of  leal,,  an  1  iiiii;.  '^d 
v.kIi  liie  II' ip  01  'he  biaees  and  b.iwlinps.  I  iie  vs'  uiii  ;i 
Ijiiikl,  u  I  .111  .ill  I  low  ihele  bo.it,,  audi  iikeuil,'  b;:ild 
;iil  '.lie  t  JT'ieiikii  !  is  luits ;  the  whole'  ilni  ii.iiii'.'  e:ii- 
1  ''.nient  01  the  men  beiiK',  to  make  luiniing  inij  le- 
i.icits  .\<\A  tilliiiip,  la  kle. 

I  his  eo',11  trvis  ieit  thinly  peoj  le.k  T'li  ki:t>  v.hiiii 
tl.:-  in;i.ib..,int3  ri  i  le  in  iluiiiiij,  \.intei  .'.:e  ln,\,  :ind 
bnilt  ol  ll  me  an.l  fat.  l  ne  v.iiiii  iw.s  .n,'  ,'ii  e.ne  li.le, 
mile  of  tlie  biAi.1,  ot  le  ils,  drelle.l,  :ind  ;.-V,ed  t,i ',e- 
tli  .,  1  r  of  t'.i'  maw.  "i  lnli'.i,Hs,  aie.l  an-  wiiile  .uul 
ti.i  ,;/.reru.  On  t.ie  ither  U  i.-  ,•.".•  p! 
v-i,u.h  e.i:i:iil  of  ,''.i'..-es  or  hi .;,  le.  ,, 
b'l.iids,  r.iiiid  k,.lil  a  yaid  fi'ir.i  tie  p^"'::,d.  Tiieir 
I  '  1  liiii.;  is  uia.le  o;  I'l.ll  e;  nil",  de'';  Ikilii.  .Si  viral 
taiieii.  s  live  to.'.ether  in  one  ol  tneie  ii  aile',  or  hut.s, 
•■nil  ki'i.ily  o..:(.i,|,yin,',  .1  r  iiii  by  itUii',  jepir.iied  li'nu 
liie  lu!  b:,' wooden  poll  .,  bv  v.liii  ll  .illo  the  ro'it  i>l':p- 
po'ii.l.  ]5eliire  the  pull-,  is  :i  lujiili  or  lire  |  la,  e, 
ill  uk  ,h  is  1,1,1     I  a  i;ie.i'  lamp,  in  the  firm  oi  ,1  h.ili- 

IllDO'l,  I  ll  -  i  r  ::  .1  .1,,.  .  U'.',  I'  t.;,  .Ill'  hniip,  tiieir 
l.i  .  I  ■  I.;  ll  .  .  p;  1,  r  .ii.iii'l'',  111  v.hieh  iie  ■.  boil 
til       .      a  li  .     'k    .;..    I..-  Kiol,  pill  auotiL  tiie  l.mip, 


I  tlie\'  Ii.i'.'e  a   lorr  of  racl;,  nr  !li':lt',  to   put  tlicir   wet 

ei'i.ir'u:,  i.,;:)n.       T'lev  biirii  rrai:;-!.:i  in  their  l.imp'S,  anil 

I   iiiOi-,  krw.  t'leni  as  a  fublliturc  f;r  wiek.     'I'lic  door 

I   of  rlie  hat  i,  low,  tk.it  as  little  culj  as  [loiTiijIc  niiy  b:^ 

i   a, knitted.      1  lie   lioufe    i>  lined  »ith  nhi  Ikins  v.itliin, 

I    .irid  ftiniii'iided  v'.itii  brin  Ii'.:s.     'i'iie  nit.11  and   v.oiiieii 

i    :'■.  [>  wijrk  v.itii  tl;.;:-  b.,i;>,  to  e.;,::i  i;the;-.      Iitkefini- 

■    :r,  :■    t':e    ( iroi-iiknidei:;  d,'.'ell   ii   rents   made  of  fiii:; 

I   ;   '1   ,,  ir:i-  1  in  a  eoiiieal  l->rin,  rovercd  with  dter-lkins 

■,v:;!  in,  ;irri  oiitw.irdlv  v.iiii   tlKl!i.-d  li.al-.'kin.-j,  fj  th:ic 

lain  t. -.:::.  t  pierce'  tiie:ii. 

1  he  tjnjeiilanders  tr.dkic  wi-.'i  t!;e  D.'.nc?,  by  cx- 
( h, 'i-'.in;'  wlialeb' ll.',  biublier,  train-oil,  horns  of  fea- 
nnirorns,  rein-deei  Ikin.s,  leal  elilto,  and  fox  ditto,  for 
e'.a:  ,  lliirts,  lloekings  kiiiver,,  hand-laws,  needles, 
.;:.:.:ri_'  li.jolc',    theik-,    Liriard,,    l^;.ik;.-.^-^laire:;,    toys, 


ii;  -ir  be. Is, 
.!e    of  deal 


ill'-  kiniv-ia;:.'  of  tlie  ( irnenl.in  ler:,  is  guttur.d,  and 
ftili  Ol  c.nl  ii.iiir,-.  '1  lie  rdj. Iiabit  is  without  thic  lettcri 
C,  I),  (J^  .\  i  aiii  they  hive  a  ;.;re.u  number  of  pi  ly- 
l>ii,d)Ii  s  ii:.i'  tiie  people  of  >i  .rth  ,\meri';a 

I  lieie  pe  ■;  Ie  tn  .;:  tiic  i).i;iiiii  ir.ikionaries  wit'i  r,w.it 
relj'i-ct,  :i  ..1  att,'i!,l  to  whil  I'lev  pie.ich  with  the  iir- 
moll  p.uienei- i  lint  ar  ii;c  lame  [i:r.e  hear  them  with  the 
iii'ilf  ni'iriii',  in[?;  indifteren',.' ;  I)  iliat  tlitjfj  p- nrlenieii 
III. ike  but  :.-v.-  piolelytes,  mr,  at  k-.i!',,  if  any  are  c  'n- 
vertctl,  they  f.di  iin  kini.!,  remerulier  v.h.it  i;:i,  been  fii.l 
to  tiviii.  rii'iic  who  remain  in  their  oiii'ind  fi- 
p  rilicii  ;;  b;  ii'eve  in  tiie  imtnortalifv'  of  the  I' ml,  b'lr 
l,.;ve  ver,  c  uifeilnl  ami  ir  vl' 'p.i.'.te  i.k.u  of  tke  I'sity, 
whoiv.  die','  e  ili'-'d  J'  '■■:  ;  ;.'•'',  ;;■;,!  ijjjpole  tiiat  he  re- 
fides  eitiier  i,i  liie  b'V.vel,  of  tlic  e.irtli,  or  i:i  tl.Z 
I'ji.  dkiev  lii^ev. i:'e  beiieec  in  anotlier  lp;rl%  \\'M)n\ 
they  call  I' ■■-}  '.'/'/■,  or  the  rcriraiiier,  became  il;ey 
fanry  he  prevtiirs  tk.em  from  eating  or  drinkii;.';  wii  t  is 
peiniiiiiii  ,  anJi  from  cioing  wr.'ng  in  other  tki:i';-.  A 
tiiird  Ipirit,  calk  tl  7.'i  ' '. '/■■/  ■'.-,  or  the  ::;'it;er,  tiiey  re- 
preleiit  as  a  inonller,  a;.-.t  l:;i.';.i'ie  lie  iive.>  tip.'in  the  en- 
i  trills  of  tiie  ilead.  'I'liev  ;up[)ofe  all  the  eiemt'Us  to 
Ik-  lilietl  wit'i  fpiritsi  ,i:k1  lulieve  that  the  i;-  piiefs, 
uliom  tliLV  call  .'Vngri.'!'-,  h  lee  e.cii  one  <  1  :\i^'.c  fj  i- 
rits,  as  ;i;i  .ittenl.mt  or  fir;v;i,ir;  an  1  this  i  I,.,'!  I.imiiiar 
Ipirit  ilie\  e.iil  /","  .  ,/,  aiid  fa^.cy  th.it  he  .'.h'.-.i', -,  oiiie-. 
with  pri.it  readme!,  ti  tiie  .'\.ii:j;eki.t  wiici  !k:iini<in'.'i!. 
1  W  hen  :i;i  .\':  ',ekut  pri  tends  to  invke  ti'C  ;,rtar  jjaiit 
I'orni.Mrfeek,  he  refires  in  I'ime  un.ret]i!tnted  p!.,ee, 
i  where  v  >;\c  of  tke'  p-.-ejle  ikire  f illo'.v  nim,  and,  on  hi.s 
i\rii;n,  makcb  tiiem  believe  ;k..!C  he  li.is  invi'ked  rorn- 
pnli'ek,  will)  aiifv.ered  his  i:ivoeation  k,y  apper.rin;^  in 
liidi  a  iionid  t.inn  that  he  wa,  overc,>ir,e  >y  tirr.ir, 
hekenetl,  funk  iir..)  a  tra;i,e,  ,i'i  I  remaine.  1  without 
lipn,  of  fill'  for  '  ..'  I'l-i.iee  of  three  days,  and  tli.t  when 
he  ret  ivered,  k,  muikI  him!ejt  induced  with  tlie  tjiiiit 
oi  c.i:'.;''r.idi)n. 

1  l.eie  Angeku',:,  are  very  p;r'.'at  ii-.i-pofior;;,  a:-.l,  Ly  ,1 
p,ie;it  variety  of  :;i!i:iees,  m.iint.iin  en:i!e  .dcendency 
ove:'  rlie  |   -  a'  deiialetl  people. 

Tlie  |!iiiieipal  dileales  of  t!;e  Groenlan.ie;' .  ire  f  f  .1 
I,- :riK,ku:  ii:itiiie,  .uul  they  are  p'le.it  .leeuiiiimid  to 
Weak  e\e.,  which  latter  dilouler  is  oci.ilioncd  by  ih'- 
lliarp  pieuinp;  win, Is  incitkiit  to  the  country,  and  the 
white  plare  reik-eled  from  che'ice  and  fnow,  with  wliieh 
til'  whole  coiiniivis  cwried  f)  great  a  part  of  the  year, 
1  lie  fm.ilkpo:;  bein.:  bi.,U!,';:  .iimip^  thele  people  ia  tht: 
\,Mr  i;.'.),  f.om  Co]  en!ia,:.t;i,  m.ulc  great  liav.iek. 
W  iiii  ulpe.l  to  iliiv'P'' '"■  ii''>;i->  thev  .'.re  i\;r.  mcly 
iynina.'it.  'rk-'ir  pieir  1,  i.e::i  pl.uller  fir  all  kind,  ol 
\.,)i:iids,  i,  tlie  C'.iii;  ef.!i,.n  of  ilie  balk  o,  a  tree,  biiriii-il 
iiioi'-,  ,i:h1  train  "iii  aiul  all  tk.eir  inl'riime;.:,  1  I'  [ur- 
i  perv  conful  in  .1  c ';iim';:i  l;:ufi.',  a  lilli  hio!- ,  luid  a 
n'eedit'. 

liie  (.Iroenkinders  are  urtt  rly  ignorant  of  r,afi::.J 
pliiiidojiliy,  an.!,  iiuieed,  of  leieiice  in  |:,,'n';-.!i,  a  iiii.dl 
fmatteiiiis!,  of  af,ron,)niy  esceptedi  for  tluy  1,'.'.  e  m.nii; 
liillieieiii  obfervations  of  the  liars  to  be  ak;e  to  lleer 
I  by  them  to  fea.  'i'kev  meallire  time  by  montlis,  lom- 
;  meneing  tlie  year  after  the  inn's  li.li  iking  a'oovet  ii": 
hoii.'.oii  in  the  winter;  and  u>   i  -.ry  p.iuiith  they  a i': 

preciii'. 


'  li 


f  !;  ![ 


h  'vS 


r    'I 


I 


J' 


m 


I  .Si  « 

.r  I 
i 


1' 


rm 


n 


■!,|l, 


(  ' 


I 


,!» 


A  \r.\V,  ROYAI  ,  ANu  AUTIirXTlC  SYf.TFM  or  HXIVrRSAT.  GlOCRAri  [Y 


prccikly  acquaiiitCvl  wkh  tl.i"  luipt  r  tii'irs  for  Killii-,;^, 
taking,    till-   tcverai   rpri'lcs   ol    riil-t--,    (o\U' ,  am- 


or 
nulls. 


d  all 


vv.     Si)  that  tlu'ir  li-rk- all'oiic.niy  liTvcs  to  i!i 
their  as',).  .•.•.ii'iis,  li;'-!i  .',  n  in  .i'in",  .;t  humc  to 


il)  tlifir   Ir.tlf 
abria.l  to  hunt. 


.;i;rltic   a; 


!i,  and 


:iK'j.'.a.:ic    voiks,   ci'MI!' 


tliL-  li 


S   I".   C   T   1    O   N      II. 


IAS  r  GP. 


;i.AM\ 


;\v  {;ki't-x!.A\n 


,•/..,  c 


slMl  /.Bl  ia.!'.X. 


J,-..  ■-/;/■/"'■•■  D 


DfJi!  rfi'.-  I] 


I'rZi--,-  M  '■' 


/■.v  /■ 


t  >  tl.c  lall  IikI;. 


.NMr-!i   I' 


--•fi 


( ,!  in  t:.!.-  vcar  i 


tn-  a  ir.iT 


;'t   El :1b. 1,  «h<>  ad.lr.-licJ  I  Knrv  ^111. 


.•t ,  but  ti 


in  lie  I'ldpolcil  wai  r.c-vc-i 


I'ut  inti)  c.xccuaon. 

'll'.e  rirll  j.z'xn 
I 


■t   v..;-;   m:..lc  i:i  tnc   n  i:'n  o 


ifO 


ii.:j.nerli,  m  tr.c  vear  i  ;s 


bv.SirlIuoh  \Vill( 


v.lio  lailul  witli  thrif  Ihu  >>  to  the   lat'.tmle  of  75 


nccn 


,1. 


iK-rth,  witlnn  Liint,  ■^^  r.  wa 


'd' 


ruppoii 


v..',:i.M  w. 


fuTwariis  rc'-iiilioverai  bv  tl.c  l)ut.-li,  an 


it'  Circ-c-nlani 
1)1 


arrival  at  Coin  in  tint  country,  ami  with  him   pcrillicd 
the  liopes  ofjifrd-Jtwig  tin-  (lilcovcry  at  tiiat  time. 
In  lyiothf  (clcbraic;!   I  Ici.rv  1  Imlliin,  v.ho  liik-o- 


the  ilrait  .in,l   May  that  dill 


r  his  nnnif,  at- 


tcmjitcil  the  north  ealt  I'all.ij'.e,  bv.t  v.as  a,  iinl'iCLelsli'i 
a.-)  thole  that  haJ  /rune  i)efoii-. 

'riioiii;li  ail  il'.ere  ailvemnrer",  hnil  niiu  arried  in  the 

II,  tlie   tlil'covery  ol"  a 


in  itn   (1,  ih'n   1 


-f  th 


ii'Mihcall  ().!lKi;-e,  yet  then- \uy.;L'fs  provcLl  benefici.nl, 
in  |o:ne  mc.ili:re,  to  iluir  rU'iedive  countries,  hv  i 


tr.iJ:.ii;Lrti,  tl„.,„  tin-  1^. 


Iin'  of  leal-lii'hi' 


whale - 


liiiiin.;,  anil  otlier  piclit.ov-  ;  iiilnil'-. 

'I'ht  I'lighi'i  ic-al!;;iiu.!  li.e  ilelij.rn  in  1676,  when 
two  iliips  were  litted  <Hit  bv  "ider  ot'  C'iiarles  II.  ami 
ar  t!u'  cKj-enre  of  the  l-.i:;.>;  himlelf,  the  diike  ol'  York 


Ins   broilirr, 


Iv'vea  o:h:T  rerfoi 


coininand  of  thcle  llii",   w,i, 


-.1.- 


The 


n.i\-i'_:;uor  an  1  ir.a 


them: 

the  foi 


i'.ivcn   to    llur   e::i(:lrnr 


ti'. ;  in  (■  IP' 


ain    I"[iu  \,<), 


Hi,  ;.ii. 


mer  bein:';  a;  pointed  to  i>ft  as 


cipt.iin  1  (;i 

piincipal,  anti  dired  the  e;;'nl!tion  in  the  ciun.cter  ol 

coniniodore. 

Tiievfai'.d  on  t!ie  ?.3t.h  of  M  iv,   i6""'j,  an. 


ceeded  to  the  Norihcrn   Ol'.ii).     Gn  the    15th  ot  v.-.r 
enfi:in^  month  they  er.rcred  I'.e   i'olar  Cncle,  an.l  on 


I  hi'  :<)th  of  the  lame 
well,  in  which  c:ii 


t!u-  11 


ip  named  the  Spee 


in  Wood  l.nlcil,  Vi.is  iinfort!i:iati  ly 


;a:r.ed  Spit.  berLien. 


Bei 


ii'i  driven  bai 


a  Itorni, 


e  w.is  comiHik 


to  winter  in  the 


ii\ir    .Ari^ena,    in 


L;nJ,  vhiTi-  h.iil.'ll  and   l.iis  whole  con-pa:iy  v.cie 

itiin.Tttly  ti(  7en  to  deadi. 

hree   veais   .;;.er    i.i'.-t/in    BcrroMj^hs,  comrrrnli'T 


ft  rhe  na\y  to  i:  :. 
\\'!i;ougi-,by  :n  at: 
the  n'-rth  ca;  c  i:,  ; 
i!e|r.  (if  r.i'ti'i  1  r 
^^hlch  fepara:e,  t 
/ejiibla;    ami    tl 


.:.Miieth,   lii>>eedi 
):'  thii  dilcoviTV 


ir 


'SS'^'  I 


[■'ene!'Mt 


.Si.-   III,.!: 

I  le  [  .nil. 

i  to  the  -   tl 


tl-.e  \Vv 


..le  eo')i.:rv  u 
ien    re:uir,-i 


the  .S.; 
to    1 


or  ihait, 
iioKi.s  irom  Nov.i 


wre 


on  lome  r 


Iriuk,  the   c.iprain   L'ivts   the 
miir.ated  dcll'rii'iion  -it' the  tl 


i:l  the  icy  leas.      Alter  h 


ioliowiii'T  a 


jfeiH 


avin^ 


iii't  an.l 


i'lrelle:,  of  himltrlf  and  I 
1  lere  (lav  he)  we  l.iV  beatini-r  upon  a  roc 
le  IjMi  e  of  three  01 


moll  hiah.tful  nia:in,  r,  (•  r  ti 


lii:ir   hours,  nliii;;   :ill   o  r'V.ik-  means  to  ii\c  t!ie  lliip, 
but  in  vail);  lijr  it  blev.  lo  hard,  th.ir  it 
of  oi;r  power  to  carry 
vs  anv  Krvice. 


out  an  aixl 


was  wholiV  our. 
hor  capable  of  doinp 


leni'tli 


we  law  land  dole  tinde 


i.rn,  t  )  !:ie  "r<  at  am:i 


■ement  of  ii:i  all,  as  before 


wi; 


nL'l.ii 


coiitcn'ed 


w:'li  navinu    -rocecdtd  mi:v.h  ta;::'.er  tiuni   Lis  ;-re..i 


(i: 


<tli-i 


•M.e  r 
uceii  F 


,'n  Burroi) 


occali-Ti 


..i!i  to 


the  dilco\i  ly. 
tl.e  coniMMi:'. 


.   t  .i  o  !'.'.':[    venrii  to   ]  eri'..  i    I 
re  i"!t  inro  coniir.iir.  n,  and   | 


;n.Jl  a: 


;.jnt.i!:i 


eil,   V,  1)1,   in  the    \i  .ir    i 


■..{.n    I'urp 


:n.i 


il.Kl 


pallid    the   I'lait 


i.n.  overeJ,    and    eii'ereil    t 


fal;>rn   fv  i ,  but   time    t!i  •  ir.ount.iins  of  iie  were  lo 


aiul  the  v.ea'i.er 


wi:ii  his  Iliip  a 


li)   tempeftii  111-,  th\t  captai 


n 


1. in. Ill   leturneO 


to    I 


id.      -Ill-    1 


a  1   k:i\e!.s   of 


J" 

tliis  expedition  ticcaru)nei.t  the  ard.oiir  lA   the   l^.n^jliili, 

at  that  time,  to  fublide  with  refpe./t  to  th.e  ni  lin  enier- 
pri/.e,  which  was  the  diU.overy  tifa  iiortli-ealt  p.ili.i^'e. 

I'lic  IJutth  be^zan  to  pnilue  tlie  l.inie  o!i|r.a  ;n  1  51^5, 
wiien  John  Cornelius  ma.le  the  a'.t'.-ni|'t,  but  widioiic 
Air:  ilr,;ire  of  111,  eels. 

Coriuiii:s  v.as  liirci't  .1'' 


1  cM.'iiecc'e; 


iTi  (')  liy  \^']iiiarn  B  ir»tii 
.aviijator  .1:.  1  .ible  inuhcni.iiiii.iii,  u,': 


lavin;;  proceeded  in  the  courle  previoiilly  j 


01:. ;<  il  01 


I  V   ti 


1 


,n  dilh    iiaviLMt 


alle>l    t!ie 


W 


Vlja'e, 


iiic:  v.it.i  tl,-   p.ipeJimcnts   whuh   h.iil   pit-venteil   t. 


jf  ct! 


u:r.s,  a; 


:d   rrtiirned   ivme   I'lllv   i:o.i\  iiiu  1 


til..'  the 
re^ti'  n. 


■-■lire!  iMllare  v.a.  r,..t  to  l-r  I  .r 


In 


'j    7   he  entei<d  iijinn   .1  Lii.nd   vo\. 


Il    l,e   tlet  ■:  n  \: 


to    pr oletti'.e    U'on    ,1    dil 


'V  1. 


t,  tl 


thw. 


,1    N'-.i  /. 


uhed  t  le  V'tli  d( ;;.  '  t   .  .orr.'i  l.ri     j 
.  ir.'. d  bv  tlie  iioatui:'  i  e,  upon  ili 


;o   laeets. 


li 


1  ",■ 
■iieiis,  .1:1,1  the 


ot  la^c  to  land  1  but  theri 


.'I    I 


':v.ii;ini';   iiiil,  lu 


.1  pia-.e   w.iere 


the  I 


•ve'-    V 


th 


h   to    penlli    1:::  :i    t' 


ol 


|.,1    10    I 


le  e.\, Heine  i^l 


■  V,,  ■:  ,  ;.  ■•.■.-  '\r,  v.iili  ;;re.i;  in;'eii',:'v 
I  .::,  ,1  i  Pi'::. .  '•  l:,,.;i  i:,','  v.pc  1.,,  of  il.i' 
the  ron.ni' .i.'iiK'MC   (I   the"  liimmer,   lit 


.■.  c.'iv.i:,]  ..iieil 


beloro 


Jit  II 


could  n  :  t.e  it  ior  t!:e 


men  t' 


fo 


','tv   weaiher. 


1 


ordc  red  tin 


)  .'It  out  the  boatb  bet>re  our  m.ift  came  by  tl 


11  >,ir;l,  uniili  was  ilo.ne. 
w.irds  i!;e  iiiore  in  the  pinna 


then  lent  the  boatlwain  to- 
i.)  f  e  il  their  w.is  anv 


o  ii   ivr:v   of  l.m  l;:i.',  which    1    iiii:'..!i   fe:ii;\l    becuil 


.;vr  I 


,M  :m'1  lo  11'.-  I. 
anfwtr,  ili 


In  half  an  1 


lour  he   i.;':inc».l,  an. 


-.t  It  w.is  i:n'"vn:hle  to  huic 


id  a  ni.i 


;ow  bein!,'  in  m 


I'.;'.',  ai-,,1  tlie  llu.ie  inaceeliible. 
!::  I  i.:ileipjence  ol  tilvle  ba  1  ti  l:i':.js  we  Wiiit  t  1  pr.ivrr.^ 
t)  lieleech  t'.,-  alnii'iitv  to  have  inerrv  on  us,  .1,110- 


iliir.L'' 


but 


,\frer  pr.ivers  t!ie 


m'.NU.ilde  rim    app 


icared    I 


.lei.iM-    01. r    eves. 


her  ( leire.l  i' 


a  Utt, 


ill!.'  over  tlir  Hern  I  I  iw  a  hi,. ill  btai  li  o'l 


'•  i 'or  s^li. 


1   t 


loni'ht  tht  re  r.'i",;it  be  lonie  d 


llu.re.     1   iherclorc  lent  1  IV  the  \ 
with  loine  nun  in  her  to  batirll   lan.le 

I 


ce  i:(    r.eftin^;  < 
ini;::ie  a  lecond  tin 


111 


it  veiuii;'-  to  attempt  th''  b'Min.      I   i:ien  oPKie.i  mi 
h  tweirs'  men  in  i.,-r  fo  l.i.'u!,  «i; 


lie   long  boar,  v, it 
■"•-ilip'.eii  it,  ai'd  '.'Ot  l.'fc  on 


i'!i"le  in  the  • 


Icili  ';  t!,.;l 
111. til  \ui..  ' 


1  i  ill'.:  'i;'  X.A. 


'■<  :t'  cl'liiC'. 


;:iv  he.u  ,  m 


:i  .    i 


p.  i.;u'!,   .1 : 

this  ilniii.il 


kv. 


n  •  1:  i'!':r  I  ..'•   me  111 


Im  u 


Ml. I  :i  !.■<  |.  r 


•d,   .i:i:l  li.e  I 


I'"  I  IK       'li.;'    1    :.  ,  b   .;l    he: 
i;.i  nil:  li:' .'  hi;.'h,  the  bo  ilu  jin  .1 


it 


foine   otl.ri,  wi-ull  cimp'l  in.''  .u  !  tli''  l.e  ii- 'i 'in  i> 


ihr  :1 


IP,  lie-. 


Ill    t.i.r.  k.l,    1  hi    t 


i     rl. 


'l.'.",    11    V'.   1       1    I 

i!:-'-  hal   .., 


.r;'i|i;|..l  i.er'.> 

■  T    111    ll,o  ...It   t 


l,i.::i  tie'li  t   II 


VI  I  1:'  '11  ;    b  .'  d    'io'l    r.l  ■ 


I  II 


I 


1 


li 


,;t  .1  •  ii:i  I  ir   them. 


.  il;   v.. I,-  t  I  tlie  lli'jic  the  ll.ip  over- 


li  •,   1  I  ih:' 


ille  I 


)  1,11   I  trie  11, en 


V. 


1. 11  IV  ,ip|   I 


PI  t: 


|i.'  I  :i.'.;n,  to 


th"  le  men  v,!:o  hi  i  y..  :;\  ini;    ;:;..!i   j  :..utj  t.t   l.".ir  ic- 


Fl'ROPi 
end.    Wi 

1)  i,',  and  1 
dill.'  one  in.i 
in  the  pin 
ihoii:;ii  v.M 
b'l.'.'.,  .Ill  i  ■ 
V.  :.i  .:■  t  ',]■ 
t.nn.is  ,|ii,l 
ail  I  in  vh 
r.l  ,'.:  niin'i'i: 

V     ..,!     l:;,t 

t..'.,-ii  ij:i  il. 

h',"t,  [har, 
Wo"i  I  \  t-:i!i 
"  riie  V 
f:o!',,  I.iov. 
e  .'111  1  be  i: 
(luiklv.s  ,  . 
Ih.  .r.-  to  il, 
us  r  I    ihtl 

lii'lle  h  i:',ll, 
Wilil  II    \..is  ■ 

r.  iw  I,,.'  lu 
v.eaihei,  lii 
w.r,  iinpodi 
l.i-.l  to;'.,'V 
l!i.::e  tli::  'l.ii 
try  tlie  utin 
Ivcif.  !:i  I 
r.iiied  .1  dii'l 
poir.lle:  W! 
cany  11  >  nr 

t.)  !-'i..i;.i, 

clioice  (;l'  tl 
li.iviiig  .is  i; 
this  peril. Jlh 
kc[K  the   m 

def-ns.     S' 
i   k.,e.v   '.v.i: 
a:r..uiii:iLi.)ii 
'•    i'!:.-    '.N 
i. o'.v,   i.i..i  .1 
li..  le,    wlr.Si 
ir.,;..,..,^ 
oi.r  people 
ra:::   i  !.;'.\i- 
■wli'.e    we 
lip.   .::.. 
il  Iji  u  : 
.-.c  ideiit  I, I 
Hi.l   left 
l,\\<  ive  .I'l 
ihi  IC  we 
i:  vv.iuld  ji, 

niiie   dip 

lii;    lllrll.  ■ 

iij.,ily  111' 
IiloK  be, 11 1 
diice  of  t! 
Calls,  wlin  \ 
Iiangi:ig  I 
tre.nen.l.Mi, 
1  I'll  ,  \\L- 
4  ,  >l.i\.-.." 


II 


up 


liie  01. I 
illue    I 

111  I  s    ,,  ,  , 

illid  ,  11. 
fine    the 

*l.i.  h   ;!: 
cih'.,-  ,  an. 
ri..»iied  c,. 
i.>-e:ed  in  t 

.oon  ,'.; 
i'-.er  i,„ 
Mi-.id  .a. 


'V^ 


V..\V\\Y. 

ii!i  liiin  I'crillied 

;t  t!i.u  tiiiK-. 
';'i.ii,  V.  Iio  ilifco- 
!|-  Ills  iiiinic,  at- 

•ix  .T.  tml'icci-lsli:! 

iT.ii'i.ink'd  in  the 
•  Jilcovcry  <i{'  .1 
-iDVftl  bciic(ici;il, 
oiintrics,  hy  in- 
•al-lnhin;^,  wliaic- 

•n  in  1676,  when 

C'h.irlcs   II.  an.i 

he  (hilcc  dl'  York 

<.;"  r.fk.     Thi- 

to   il-.ar  t-:-.;  ( llcnr 

J"iiii  Wooii,  ;'.n,l 

ji'iiruril  to  iul  a'i 

11  th.c  ciur..JiLT  01 

iG~6,  aii.l  (>:o- 
n  the    ir,th  ot  ti;r 
.11-  Circle,  an:'  dii 
i;.'.!iiei!  the  Spvei!- 
was  unfort'.iii.urlv 
eas.     AfVer  havint' 
•.\i!i;i;  alfeiHiii;'^  and 
of  hi:".ilt:lt  and  hi:j 
iriiv-r  tipon  a  rnckj 
;'  I'l'aie  (if  three  oi- 
ls to  five  the  !lii[), 
ar  it  was  wliolly  oun 
capable  of  (.loiiifr, 
and  (li)le  tinder  oip- 
lis  all,  as  before  wi- 
ler,     1  (irdi  ret!  t!ie 
-  mad  came  by  the 
iic  the  boatfuain  to- 
fe  it'  there  \v,;s  a;iy 
iii'.h   fiMird    befaiile 
);ir  he   i.:'aiK-ii,  and 
ible  <:i  land  a  nvin, 
he  Ihcre  inaeeeliiijle. 
i  we  wtiit  1 1  pravf'-j 
r.ierry  on  lis,  a;,  no- 
d    bci.i'e    (M  r    eves. 
';;  a  iitri-,  aiui  l.)'.- 
,rli  o'l  r.f  i.vir  wh.  :.• 
lunte  I  >'  r.ettinj;  •  \ 
nn.'.ie  a  leeoiid  tin'.;-, 
.ir.di'd,  I. lit  llie  dur't 
I   V.'K'n   (;ldried  I'l:' 
in  i,,r  r.)  land,  w'i'> 
i'lv'le  in  th<'  1   ■  - 
I'n:'  !:-.r  ■;<  .  I,.. 
If;,   v.;..../,;    a:}    l- 

!iv  ijr'  .V:;;-,  .  n>i     '  ■ 

I  .  ill  1      i'.      J  ;   .  ■ 
:,  I  ,-  ••  III!  \i  .. 

:ln;;-V,  !.  :  .  ; 
■■it   "'1    lliTil  '.'    '  .■■■..•  •■ 

II  wi-i  I  'il,  w .  1  :  i: 
IS   v.,  .e  lal.i  :i  1/'  I   r 

I  !  ••     r  ,    ;   .    1  ■'!,     /I.   i' 

III  "'    O,     'I   ,:!:■    U'':-\ 

li./  1:.,  I.  a:'  he  ■: 
I,  !he  li'jifv^ain  ail 

II  !   []\r   ill'  ,!•  n  lit   i> 
i  i|-'l".'i|'  I-!  i<  I  ■  > 

1  ;.,•',■  r  (v  d.O....C  t 
i|  r,i  •,  v.li'  M  111  I"' 
viir  .!  '  ■1:1  I  ir  t'liin. 
'  Ili'iie  the  Ifili  iivir- 
Mjle  "I  I  ii   I  ih^  It. ■■11 

.■•  !i.:,'  a.'ai.i,  li'  '■  .■  - 
1  \  I'.oti  c-f  il'ur  le- 


r-i'RM'i'.]  G   R    ]■:   ]■ 

j^rcat  ,';arard  !  r:-:,  f"i  t!ic  q.'irr.T  <jf  th 
,1 


n. 


5"9 


r;:.i 


'.\  irii 


ll,i|S  anJ  t'.ey  eaiii-  i!.)'.vii  tl.c  1.;,:  :lt  1,1;.)  tiie  u!)ir, 
d.il.' line  ina.i  was  lei;  ,.m- de.'.d,  v.l;-)  l-..i.l  heeii  eall.i\'.,iv 
in  ;ia-  pirnace.  1  iirnr  ,1,  h)v,.--.(;-,  t.j  il'.e  ih  :r, 
iiKiii:;!i  v.-iy  W'-c  a  ui  i.iid.  \'.  r  ;:u  a  h.'U.'id  11,1  l!ie 
['■\:',  an  1  went  up  the  !.>.:. d  ..[""it  a  iii;  I'^iicc  di  -, 
V.,.,..-  (  i,r  !i;e;!  v..-ie  ina!, !:,.■.  a  I.:,-,  :.ii  I  a  t.v.r  \.;li: 
c.nnasand  iMi',  \i:.;.!i  v.-  iiid  laved  1  n'  ;':.•  j,;;r;  '  |i', 
a:  I  in  wiii.ii  vM.-  hy  all  ni  >it  wr.  a  d  '.....m.  'j'h  ■ 
r-  \;  ni'UTin^  tiie  man  we  Ic.i  nn  li  .1.  I  Ii  ■.:.,  ',  rv  ,- 
V  ;.d  1/ 't  Kpon  ;':•■  r.i.  en  I'.i.iC,  .md  (:i:..i..!<  .  i^.-  I  ■■ 
t.,'.i-ii  uii  ii,,)ie  i  iv.i"  i;  !di-v.  ;,)  !ia;.t,  a  ■  I  ;!.e  ii.  i  la' 
hv'i,  that,  liujiiiih  he  \\a-.  an  e.^pti:  ieanian,  111 
UiT'l  I  \en!ii.e  to  liriii.^  him  i'1'. 

"  111'.-  \\  nd  1.  •.•n'.jriai /;  tn  biuw,  \.!M  e.'  ■:  :'i^  f"',^, 
f.')!'  ,  I, !()>•.,  and  ad  tiie  ill  enu.j.i 'led  Wiidur  im. 
<  '.d  1  be  '.'•!  e.Mird,  we  built  innr.-  iiaUs  t'  jiriuAi 
iu!;KK\s,  „iid  the  ihip  br^■al^i^L.';  '.n  ]  ic.  es  e.e  i'-  .'I  in 
i':  r.-  til  tlu.  lan-.e  plai  c  weie  v.i-  l.ind.vd,  v.  i.i.ii  1,; '.  cd 
ijs  l-|-  Ih;  l,.r  ..n  !  inin:.;;  !)■ !;  it-,.,  t'^-ie  e.ni,-  ri  1::, 
li:nu-  i,  .  'di  .1  ..  •  ;  :>  .ii\.W,  .  ;;  1  ;■  1  id  llnu;  1  ;"  •;  nr, 
svimli  \-..e.  ;.ii  I'.  e",i,l  r:  tu  lis  m  uiii'  I'ctrendty.  We 
n 'w  i..'  l)i...i'.n  iii'j  e  aiid  delp'n',  [iivir.',  i  ir  (lir 
v.i.\;d,,-i,  til.'.  i.rMni  1  lav.ei  iiii.nit  liiid  1.-,  ...ue.h  it 
v.a.  inip()frK>lr  ,'  r  ';;:n  t)  d'j  wni''.-  ih-  \.  ..I'.v.-r  eitnti- 
1.1. d  lii:'„'y  ;  i  •.:  i...:i.:..,  a:  :!ie  lime  ti  iv  lie  iiii/Ji; 
I'lau-  t!i:.'  laii.c  m:,-.  A:  all  i-vc.t^  1  v.a;,  n-.'d'vevl  t'> 
fiy  tlie  i;;ia  :;  t  1  :.r.  „■  .; .  inar,y  a-.  I  c  n  d  i:i  i.,"  Iv::/- 
biat.  In  fi\w:  i;:ii  a  ".t.)  we  raiu  d  lii  r  r.'-  i  Iter,  and 
i.nicd  a  cin'.'.  up  111  iiei,  to  l-.eep  ti'.e  lea  lait  as  mueh  .is 
poll'.!  !e  :  wii.'i  this  bi.it  a:;l  li.iity  men  ;i'.j.' llie  woi'l,! 
canv  II)  iii'Ti)  I  in-..:-.ded  altLTiiacciy  to  rnw  and  f,!! 
t.)  i-li.i'..ii  Im;  tile  eie'v  not  l;Lin'.i-  fadved  ai  to  i,ie 
clioiee  (if  till-  men,  bei.'a;i  to  i'--  !i.nti..o  ■,  c\i.ivoni- 
liiviiig  .1'.  niMih  re.ilon  to  lii>i  :,,.n|l.it  as  .nio'n  1.  i  -, 
tliis  peri!  )'.!■.  L.ite  hi  illy  was  ()ur  li  :t  1.  ,.inr;e,  idr  1: 
kept  tiie  me,;  .nv.a'. s  int.'xii-.r' d,  audi  tind.r.ited  ilieir 
del|.;ns.  tionie  ..e;e  refjlvi  .•  to  •  1  .),  i  in.!,  iiiit  m  r. 
I  k.,e.v  was  ir.poinjh- :  e.'.i'ie.a-  ii.;d  \>'  ]i.''.hii.n  (ir 
an',.nni:;L,.)ii  ;  1  .1.1. .•,  :  \\.  In.  .1  tie-  v.d  i  iieid-. 

'•  ifa-  wiM'o'i  I'.'.il  coi!tiniM.\l  \:'y,.;.,  \  i;li  ii,ps,  j 
1.  I'.v,  ia..i  .i;.":  :  I'..,  tid  'lie  n.nth  d.'..'  o:  cv.'  !■  i.ii.;  on  I 
f:.   le,    I'.i.i.ii    ".  .-    t  e    ^  h  «:.i)   «jl    .fl;.    ■■  111    the    ] 

Im.i: J  ;;   il.'.iri.l    ;;;',   .e.d,   M  i.nr  p.    ,  '    ;     n   •  i;e  ul    I 

f):a'  people  ealli.l  on;,  a  l.e.l  !  I'lii-.  [::''\...  .  •  >  j"  e.ip- 
ra.;:  ;!.;■.', (.s  \'.e  ;.i  me  t  1  (I'lr  town,  i'..i!  ,.'.■  . '•;  h.  lie 
\vli...i'  «!.•  w;nr,  'sli,.ii  he  p.o  !;-iu'i  d,.,  jici  >,  f  n'.e 
lip,  .n..:  .  nt  liii  b  ;.i:  :■!  ii>^.  llel.iu  I  wi  ni  ..'I:  1  uiore 
.1  iHk:  ui.i-i'in  <.t  :h'-  deli;.iloi  the  vov.;g<-,  widi  the 
.m:  idii.t  mar  had  lielaiani  ii- ,  put  it  into  a  j4l.1l.  b  jt.de 
a  '.I  lelt  ii  in  tiie  fornne.uion  1  h.id  there  bailt.  lie 
Ivw  ive  o'clock  they  ;dl  ;.Mjt  liite  on  b  aid,  l)iil  liai  .ill  on 
I'll  ic  Wi-  liail  iived  lium  tlie  Ihip,  (  r  wi-  iv.iiii-.  Icared 
i;  v'Siuld  prove  fop;;y  ajiain,  and  tii.u  '.'.L-liiouKUe  one. 
in.ie  driven  en  this  iinlerable  emmtty ;  a  eo'.'nry  I  ; 
til;  nil  d  p.irt  i-uvered  perpetually  \>.i;ii  Inow,  .in.l  prd 
uj  .illy  l>'.>jrL;y  laiut,  on  wlujle  lurfiie  prows  a  hi;.. I  if 
tnols  be.irint:  a  bine  and  yeilow  liowcr,  t!ie  wi,  dj  j  :". 
ilnec  oi  ti/.-  earth  in  tlii-.  dell.date  re 'i  i;i.  1:.  i.e 
eldls,  wliu  li  are  exeecdin;,  liiij;!),  and  tlie  ais  h^-s  o.ci- 
li.in^ing  lup|iortin;i;  inourtaiits  of  i'ntv,  i  ■.uhe  a  n'o!!: 
tre.iijn.loi),   fiiei'l,h,le.      B'-'ne   all   on   1;  i.ud   the    i'l. if 


I  ber:'!'  tiiin  i'a:i'>ar:an  .';  b',":  CAT!p''ll..d  liicii  tn  rrca';  •ml 
noi.le  iiadi  .  t.ikiii':s.      1  h-ne- ihe 


li.i.l 


a   idi.-l'   b."': 


!ia,;   ar.y   ve!.  u  )  c'';;er  rli.tn   a   Im.-.i:   ar.:,  L\':aT   n  ,c 

(<nly   to    b.idd    liiij.    of   e.),.-':  ■.■■!!  •    L"j.  h  •::,   iv:':    ti> 

at'-  nip"'  new   ii^.r.  ,T;e-.     '!  Iv'e  ar.'.i.i.';'i:   u:;  I'Tm!  'firs 

oe.'.il.  .nel   tiij    v     ;    .  :i  I    aln.)''.    d  1   :.  eai:  TV  ;-f    3i- 

1;  ri.i  'I  be    rx,  !  i;e  I,    s  mv:   '1    ki   ti   !;e  ihie  i''erfd, 

..n.I  c';e  :ira-.  on  t  ,  ■  ir-'d:     .  .\.''a  t)  b-  tr !  .'ei  led.   d  helo 

h    ..  ■.npt,   w..;e   ;!':,;:i:i  '  .   ]'.■.■■■;::,   w'a',  on   tlie  -'h  of 

:,    l.lv;,::y  1  ;.:,■,   1  e.  e'l  ■.■..■!  (nsl;  r    ::'y.;\  cia:  Ai  :1x1m, 

'',    .i.nird  of  i"':!!!!..   [•   i    ■   .'     •   0,1   1,^  p.niii  ■•.■  into  Si- 

ii.i:a.     !A'   Lis    indr::    .  ■.  ,  ii.;n;(l    by    t'l:    Czir,  he 

'.'.  Is  to  iniorm   I'fm.il  If  i.i  t.ie   n  ,rdi-faftern  liontiiri  of 

I!    tiiit  e o'ln'rv,   i'l  o;  ',;■   i)  difeovLi-  v-'utk-r   tlity  were 

jj    c  in';;>"   10  to,  or  \  hi.  in'   ht  be   tlieir  dillanci;  from, 

;<   li'e   eo';fi  i'.:n'.  o!'  N    ir'i   .Vniuiea;  .'.rA  if  any  palfi^c 

||    caf  1   'or  (  |v..vi'..  d   tl'ac  \>.iv  at  li.'a.      lie  tra-.eifid  Si- 

jj    beii.i,  p.iidv  by  li.i.l,   and  p.u'tly  in  b'.ir,  bi,  ri'.'ers,  till 

ij    he  e.ime  to  Lower   .Kamtii  iiatka,  in  the   j'idi  dej.   ot 

j;    r.  ndi  kit.  .'.nd  ab')'ic  \  r.v:.  ij\.   3J.  e  .fc  from  I.-jn  !.'n, 

ij    !:  ilaii.is  o,;  .1  ri'.'. r  df  tl-.e  f.. ;:•..•  nime,  v. ineii  runs  ij 

i|    liie  ead,  .\:..\  :.h  >::z    i  a  :>  ndie,,  i:  ■■/.■■.  die   t.;'^.n  tails  in 

Ij    tie.:  .Sleepin_5  .Se.i,  a.  i'  i.  e.-dled  in  ;';■;  maj)  annexid  r> 

11    lL..;ini^'>  v.)vae,e.      V,^:  ii..-;  i'.f.  •,;  f-.nr.  the  riv^i  '^  n":- 

tleliatka  the 'i.idi  of  j.lyi::",  a  .'   the   Sdi  <•    A'l- 

^nll  fnin.l  the  liliii,  iv':  ^1  .  ')  .  d    '.   ;^  mi-).     '  '  :   ■'-■: 

I  sth  the  kit.   wa,-   I,'.  :  ik    .i-.d  lie  ti.  ;"  ,kt  ;■.:    ;.;:;■;:  r.o 


p:  lae'-i,  a.,  lie  eo'.iki  n  it  u-jler-.- 
larthir  iuat!iw.;rd,  a  .d  '.'.'is  ,' 
e  'ntrary  '..nid.muh'  [  .-..•■.enL  iii.i 
befjrc  the  L.,.i  oi  fin  in-jr. 


tki:  tiie 


I  -ae  J 


there  \.  v.  a  M.!."i.'l  m  v;n!.,,,     I'-'eer-.: '. 
n    all  akin.;  the  !k.)-  ,    .   1  a    K.ii;, 
•  I, .,.  I    ..-    :  .    I    ■•    ■. 


ij   w.iu.'i    appvai'-.l    .-.: 
•j    Ik  eni.;;    n'-.ii  .:,i    ! 

li      '.i!,l    L-rc-,.|    1,1     1.   J\M..     i. 


ai.  '.■/ 
;;a  t  •  d  -,  [ii.e, 
e    a   <Md.     by    >-.,:.n.  vr 
liver  i\     >K  VM-.  1;  .d-.   ,    .'n  1 
vka.     O.i::---  <:.     ,  ]    1.- 


17  :>)  111- fi.led  i-;en  .  !■:.:  ■.-\x  :i\-t-,  :i  ■.!,  .•::„: 
w.n-.i<,  bi '11 ;  iiin'n  ;  ;k  :  1  ai  !  ;.;■■-.'  tk  .:  v, 
u;f  -mid   ,-   :  .1  in  1    -  -  '  k-:\\    -.      L' t  !  .       - 


•K- 


pe.in;, 
Ski:/..  ., 
iv.t  Hi..-. 11 
::-..  1.1  la;. 


I     d  M 


vv  :,i  11     i    ■,:   I'. '  . 


1,  ,    t  >i:-;       ;:..■!!      -;    .  ; 

t  .  ■    :  •  inr    1  !     the    e  --.'•    •  f 

••    1 .  ' .     in  in  .e.  I  '.n.       i  ,..;■  p  in: 

/  ■  1   :;•.';.  '•.\   ,    .   t-..;'.  .'•■■•n    i .  mi- 

.  'k.    -I  -  !i     f  i"   i     t'; '  ni.o.  -.'j 

;  .-  W   :■■'■.■      •■■■■    ,   '    ■■   ■  .;-,.    (,, 

.  :    I     ,  ■.    -    .   a--  :  -I'^.ire  he 

•1   ■ ,  1,   ,1..  i    1  I    t  )    .1  'rrei  .')ii,'.% 

kncii    17.'.      ki   i.'i''  .1    ■  luT  of 

,1    :■■  i-t  d'  li-'-'p-i     I   ■••'  '■.  'It   :■;,  s 

'1 


1;  -•  int.. ;  no  ^.;nl 
:i;.l   v.;)-.;j/e,  lie   im:    ;;  ;  ..i:^\y 


1     "ii  ,   we  lit  .a;l   lor    I 
<|  ,  d  i\  ~." 

I':.-  evia'-kiioi  ,   . 
r. 


.,  w;.ere  v.i.   ,.:;.VL-d   111 


I 


■  ' ,  .1'  .'le 
l.ii-  .11,1  ,..  \  ..I  .1 
:lKii'    ,s  111, I 


r  e  1  I  'iiM  ;;  .«-i  rnmi"',  ,ui  I 
1  t:  ■>  i;.  .to;  -,  u  I'll  M  1^  ,  . ,  (,) 
1  ( .n.  p.ir..  0,  I  1  '  ''>'\l  v.ii.h  tne 
■■■  I  '•:pi.-  ;::io  , ,  .m.l   ;■-  :  ..    n..iri- 


iii  I  .  .1  ,r  iillv  ill- I  .:i  lo  I :,  ,1'.  tiiii  no  tiki;  paila;.;e  e\- 
idtd,  n.,'-'A.HM,i  .  ■;_•,  -dr-  ihi'i  I,  b,;;  a  !■  v-  "-.i' >  be- 
Ion;  tins  fspdiu.  ,  ,  i.iiie.i  \e,y  ivj.ir  ;!  .-  -i-n  ka 
»kiih  the  Kiidl.;;.  .i'  i  ;e  ei  t  na'.i,',ue  v,  ;  ,  if.it  f.i- 
<-■■'.'.:,  .Hid  till.  Ill,  wlihoii'.i.i  kail  il  ,  ,0:,  k.ive  e.ilily 
ri  ,.t  hed  ilie  10,.'.  (.'i.in.i  ,j..i  J.i|  ..,,  ,,ad  ih'.y  pit- 
J.  ^'■•.i\\  la  till  ii  iiii.iti.akiii;',. 

oon  .litei  tiie!  •  e   '-ip:     ' ,  ike  a:"  )iiifiiin,'   ;'iiiias  o( 

i'-'.er    l,,tr    Id'-.;'..    !..■,,,     ,.     .Mu;,    'VV.    Hot    ol,!v    kllI'M- 


1  i; 


l^ 


iVV,    Hot 
!l  J  l;i.;v! 


oi   .Nihi-i .  1  -.1    ;   'V,;;   :.' ..I   '.'.r/i;:i  v. i,  ■  ,1  lu-  ;r,u.-i','-  . 
I;i  tins  \-o'..i  ;  ',   1;  ,'  '. .  -   ■■     '   •  111'  '  ■  "'-  .  -'.'!'  ' 
e:-.-.-r;e.,   a-;d,  ..  :    ,; 
j','1  i  :ii  ti  i'l  k...  aitf  ..    .. 

W,  !i  lalir,--'.  to  .'  ef  r;  ■',,  ;'i,-cfind  v..y.:.'e,  v,e  !;:;)'.•/ 
'i  ik;k-  ;:.jic  ti.ei  ;iut  ii;  ii'-^^^an  it  aljout  die  vt.ir  17I-", 
jj  ;  .;;.-T.ir, .;  a^  I  ;r  ,i:.  !  .,■  IdJ'of  Jipui,  .  1.! 'then  fiil  ,1 
Ij  i-.e  \t.ir.l  ,!oii:  .0  k.ig'H.-,  .ifli  r  ukith  lie  was  ll;;p- 
:|  v\:e.  k-.'i  o.i  an  illin.l  before  unknown,  where  he  a.ul 
,  iron  ef  ins  cinip.i.iv  peiilied  i!i!on_-h  eokl,  l!un|j;er 
j  .uid  lieojue.  J  :ie  i.e^e:.  w.ii  '':•.;;'.  '  ''',  Mr.  .'■^:ollrr,  a 
!  b:riniiU  ..tul  of  the  A.  .k-i.e  <A  ^.itr,-.  ^  a:  'V;.r- 
!  liiiirp,  who  aee.,imp,i,.ie,l  i;e.'ri"p;.  Mr.  S'.o  '  r,  v.itli 
I  til.  .id'.tlanee  of f  ;ii.  ol  his  e  i,.,;;in;.':;-,  f.n.kl  n.t.ie.; 
f)  buil.l,  cut  of  tne  rniiis  ('  l  eir  p.e.i'  dip,  a  Imajl 
b.irk,  in  whieh  himl-ll,  .nd  ni-.-'-i-'i  •'k,;  ,  :.i:-:r  ; 
thoiifand  perilous  .idv-enrnrt -,  aiii-ed  .;;  .1  •;!.  k  it';,'. 
The  lame  p^entleman  |-.'p  rr-.,  f.;'.  I"  ■,■.-.  '>■■■.,  v  i.> 
aeeompanied  I'leeiin^.;  in  d.it  e  .;  •  ;,  .  ■;,  '; '  ;  ;•  - -ri 
more  fortunate,  and  ever,  diii  ove.  .1  ;'  -  ■.  .  '  ■  *  .''  i.. - 
riea,  b'.it  his  men  were  beiten  ok' lo  ;■      I   -i'.   . 

b'rom  tlie  feeoniieatcrpii.'e,  li-n.e-.  •,  •...l  .:■-.. ;  ;e 
fiibii-v]ueiit  viu.ii'es  of  the  Kiid  ,'^  .  d  ■-  te  1' -v  ri  .\ 
norih  i.ill  ;alla,;e  is  a'i:eriained.  'I  •  '.  '-' '  d  k,- 
Inminuu;  lip  die  eoiiiks  tan  by  ;l;e  ■  "'   ■■''.; 

bv  liii'ie    RtlHi;ins    wlio    l.l.hd    I  '  .         '    '-,• 

Viiva-'r,    i',e  v;  •  )   „n 


w.;t  llitle 


J  4 


li 


in;.'  Ill  he 


kill 


.ibleiat;   paliii;.>;   foni    k.ni' 


It 

i 
4 


}    ■  ■'   ii'i 


d  ■■ 

i,5 


}'.* 


1:'        !    l 


].   n 


ili 


A  M:\V,  ROYAT,,  and  AUTIIF.NTIC  SYSTIN!  ok  I'XIVr.rv.SAI.  GF.OGRAI'IIY. 


■■ii 


h 


! 

'it. 


j.i|Uii  .i!ul  Chin.',  i  f"ir  the-  r'ni-lill:  nml  DiKcli  li.ivc-  i\- 
}-i'.;'.  ■.!;>■  rai!i.\l  t.)  \Vyg.i:;i,  or  ilic  Str:iit:.  nt'  Nov.i 
/'(■mb..i  i  the  R'.nlVins  li.ivr  I'-.il;  li  Ir.mi  tiivncc*  to  tlic 
NoiJi  Cap.-  d!'  .\;;,i;  in.!  luMiiig  I'liVd  tVom  the  i.nd 
Ni;nh  Cape  t.i  tiu'  Illi'h  of  j.ip.in.  1  Initi-  the  vov;i{;c 
Ii.is  bifii  i.i-iii| ',>;(  iv  j'f.loinuil,  though  not  tlir()ut;li- 
(>■•.:'.  bv  the  r.i!in.-  p'.Th'in.  TIr-Ic  Inidi-.ti-liihlc  jToofs, 
;'.n  i  liic  \(iy.i:;c  of  C"n:;i:;; '.i -ix-  I'liij  p'-,  now  Lord 
Mi!L',i-.uo,)  i-ii..;:!v  cv.n.i'  t;-,.\:,  ;-.ltli(>':^;h  a  iiortii  i.'.lt 
ji.ill'.i;;'-  ri-aily  i>.i:l-,  ut  it  is  i\WU\>  with  rc'ljiitt  <.t 
iiimi'RTi:ial  pill  pi, I-.  lor  iiu'iiL;ii  i!k'  pai]a|;c  Iroin 
1-  T  :c  t')  (.'i.iiu,  1. 1"  J,i;  .'.n,  i-.  nv,:i-li  iIkuht  liiis  \\.\y 
tii.ia  i-y  tiic-  iilu.il  ti.ii!.,  u:,  !;..i:n  tiic  inmumTabk' ini- 
1  ri:i;  .u-,  tiir^'i'  \..n'-  -•  i;,i.t  bf  rii;':iri-vi  to  niaLc  the 
\'i\.\l'x,  uhi!i  hl^  LitiiiT'i  lu-cii  iKi'i'im.!,  by  >1  >ii- 
biin:;  til-  C;ipi' '.I  (rM.-i  !  lepc,  in  l^i,  rhaii  I'i'c.  I-'.>r 
t!u  i;:.i:;:'t. 111)11  "I'liur  I'/.l^r  ,  uc  |1-.  .11  p!<\ciit  ai'in- 
f  '-•  .;:'..!  lliv'.ia,  C  .iC',  oiiir  cf  Ci''nii.(Hi.)rc  I'hipps'.s 
\;'y.ipi-,  as  r.  ;■  t-,;'  ally  iiiip  Ttaiu  a,  i  ciit'-rtaiiiing. 

in;:,  L:i-...:  p>i  .:  (h  p-, .  :;:.;pliy  havir.t;;  ri'iiiaiiu-J 
V.  ;;:;.'1;l  ,"..rl!uri:ivi  i!-.-.-.:)i.  :;il  tba-  yrar  l~7,u  the  l-.a:l 
(.1  ^'  .,,.,..ui!,  v.:  11  t'::;  1  :  I  .  uii  tiiilini^t^i'  oi  tl.i"  .;i.ir;ii- 


la!:''  1  1  (■■  ivii;  :.  im-  .,:  ,.,;  .  y  ,;ia:i'in  ma,;'.'  fi  lu 
t'..-  !;  ■  ;1  .''  ui.;v,  ;  V  .V.  ,\.^^\:[-m  t>  :h-  lUi.li-ial-.t  :i, 
■,i  ,  . .:  I  !i  aL  iia'!!  ;■.  'W  br  navij;atii>ii  was  praCti^abiL- 
tov  ,.;,.;,  i.K'  r.  )i;''.  p  If,  cnmiinini.atcd  the-  lame  to  iiis 
M..  .-iiv,  v.ho  v.ar.  jjiaciiiillv  I'l'-a'.i.''.!  to  ciintt  n.mce  ihf 
p:v,pi,;.l,  .ui.l  iii\:ircJ  tia- tx;  i'-li;ii:i  ti)  be  luulcrtakcii 
\si:'i  (.-i.-.y  ali'^'.ii'.ci'  anl  i;iiii!irapciiK'nt  th.u  cad  i  pi'".- 
::  r.:...L:-.  l'\i.rv  ntcvi'.'iv  \\a>,  tlK-ictoir,  aivrplv  yvo- 
vi..t.',  s"..,idi  colII  ]■:  i:r..r;-  ti'f  ■.!:  li  'i  •■  i'  iliv  tnr<  i-- 
jrit.,  '..1  ten!  t)  c  .ivi  niLTiH- i  r  cotm.irt  t  i  ti.cU-  ;'iar 
v.erc  i-:ip,.::.'cd  in  r.  The  vi  llc-ls  ciu.li-n  t"ir  the  i-xp.il;- 
tioi)  wcj  t..<i  t),i;;-.b  i.i-r^i.cr,  vl.icli,  o['  all  i;thLT>,  arc 
t|-j  btil  .>.lapn\l  ;'  ;•  I  Ai,  \  ■. ,i;^;s  as  thtry  are  iiiicon-- 
Jivmlv  ll'.it,  a:,;'  ii'jt  nvt-r  l.'.i^i-.  '1  lifle  velli-'s,  wlioU- 
name  wire  the  i\ai  i.  horic  aiv.i  Carcale,  to  iiii  rtale  their 
natiua!  llren-ih,  had  a  Ir.e.u'uMij  of  leali)ncti  (.akpliiik, 
xl'.T^c  iiuia-a'  thick,  and  were  iurni'hcd  with  a  double 
let  (t  a:iJiors  cables,  fails,  n.ji'.iri!;,  ice-pole?,  ^r. 
I-.T  ::.;  eonii  Tt  ,i.i  1  ro.'ueiiieiv.r-  of  the  ollieers  and 
riu:i,  a  ^;ii-at  in:,iir.icy  oi  prime  Inef  and  p.;'ru  was  <>r- 
ileied  to  be  tuied  m  tiie  lv.';l  niaiiner.  An  huslred 
i^.it!-  of  I  "Iter  \uie  o\l.,ii't  t)  In-  double  biiwetl  from 
tie  bu*-  i.ops  an.i  tii.:!: ,  |  '."^ry  of  (-oah  to  be  ll.uedm 
the  i;,:pj  {',{■  i,,i:,p;  pc,-,  o.i'ni'.d,  riee,  iiH'lalle  , 
f,!:;ti!!'..'j  ii.j'i^r-,  v.;;,.-,  \i:ir;:,'.r,  oil,  miillar.!,  p>;:a- 
l  .■■  f.iop,  i,a,  fuyar,  ...  c.  i\.-.  in  great  abund.mce : 
n:i  !  '.h'.:  van'.i  li'  .■.'...:.  '.  :r.\J..:  not  Iv  waiitiiiLT,  befi.l-.-s 
t;;.r  \.,..  i;lu..!,  i  .er.  man  v.,is  pi.(\ide,l  with  jaelicts 
ih.i  '.•  oi  t'i.r.  V  .1  r  ''.u'i'  called  i.Miioufiht,  two  uiiiUd 
L.i  '  ,  f,  1  p  ,;i  Mi:  .i.ivniplit  troAll;  .,  four  pain  I  iii:il- 
Ml  ii'.i.i:-..  -,  .-■"■  '■>■  I'llei.t  p..ir  ol  boot-,  t^.o  <:..■■  ,i 
liiii::-,  two  ii.u.u;-.i.ici.ieiV,  an.l  a  ilo.ien  pair  ol  '..iiuvd 

111!''  . 

"[':.■  necefi'iry  prr|)ara:;ons  Ijeiiig  coinplited,  i!.e 
I  If.;.  ir.iV'le  ConlLiritiae  J..:ai  Phippsfnuw  Lord  M.:! 
.  .•,  ,1  i ,  c oiini'o.loie,  wen- on  b  lar.i  tl'.c  UaLeli.irie, 
,  ;"  ;.  t  'n-  li'irihcn,  nicui.ted  '.vitli  !i  lix-poiili.lers  and 
,..1, ,■■.''.  ;  .'•  1  v'a.  :ain  .Skii;inycon  Ltitwidpe  wi-iu  -.n 
p  ,.;!  I  [■  ■  I.  ;■.'•,  >>'  .(Oj  tors  Ivii  hen,  iiioinU>:'.;i.  r 
p.;  .  .  '  •  ..:  .1  I,;  Iwivels;  v.liMi  the  wind  bei;\; 
t.  '•.;..!  (.11  •.■■.■  -.!  o:  Jun-,    r;/ ;. 

,  !,    ;  •''   '      ;n    :a:r,  •  nin:.:'i  ilicv  law  a  wliaK', 

•    ,    •.         .  .  ;..  .  .  .    yet  liir.  in  the  N'oi.l.  Si  i^, 

_    .        ■  -  .      ,   lie:  -  itii  a  hi'ii.  I'.ard  b    '  .  I  i  I  :  .»- 

.   '      ,   ■      '  .'  -lii-n      Ir.    \'>'\     i'l  ''11,  a   ;,•■  •'  ■ 

.  .   ,  ■.-,,.    V  v!    ...   .p'lMl    •■.    p!.;      :■•/    o  •• 

.  \  •■      ■■    ■    1  ,      '  ,i.  ,     ,    .  bci::,'  ;     al.  i  '\,  '; 

I         ■  ,  •      ''\  r,   w::;r'i  he  had   .:;:;■  i  : y 

■     ,'  >...■.  n  i!.-    i:  )e,    W;;Hl    ■  .  I)   ..:  I   ::.  ' 

;  i  •;     ...;'.,...      ■  '•••.    'I  I   ■  "'11  h  ■nu-.     )n  i  ■•■  :<>'  i 

,.      i    !■        i,'-\.  Il'tl,    I  t.'et    l.'.e 

' ' ,  '     .        .,,  lio'i,   ill.'  I  apt. till  ol    uiii  ii 
■     •     .ly   '•   I    IV,  ini.  e    wh  \l  i  ,   i:.'.  ! 
•  )  I  I'V  t  I.-  i'  ■. 

.::  .     ..:':    U^  ;  ..iir,;    :ili   the    R-'.  -a'   ]:;W, 
;i^  V    ..   .,  :    ..at  u.in't'!  .lo.ii  bi.;.  •  iki'.j'.t 


,    I.I'.:  V. 


fiirro'inded  luddcniy  hv  ice.  'I'iie  C'omiiv'd.ire  <»av; 
orilers  to  llai-.d  to  the  fotithw.ird  ;  hut  tlii.  bi  in';  loon 
fiiund  impollible,  liy  the  continual  aecii.i.ul.i;ioii  of  the 
i(e,  the  companies  ol"  bnh  lliips  were  obl;^;-.!  ;.)  h.ivt; 
recoiiiii."  to  their  ice-anrhors  and  ice-p(.>k'-,  in  order, 
it"  pollible,  to  extricate  themlelves  from  t!u-  i::iniinciii. 
d,iii;;er  \\i:h  which  t!  ey  were  nearly  envcliped  ;  Ir.ic 
thi.  they  found  iiii()oliibic  till  t!v  evening,  when  tlieice 
bepinninp;  to  c.peii,  tlic.'  hoiiled  out  their  lon^pboaf--, 
and  towti!  t!ie  lliips  ro';iv.l  .i  I'lvdigious  liive  cape  oi 
ice,  in  d' in.:;  winch,  bjtli  \e!;il.,  Ii(jwcver,  rcci;\i.d 
fame  liaicpi;:'. 

On  the  r;t!i  ol"  July  tliey  loll  fiplit  of  each  otlier,  l"it 
ioiiied  coiiipar.y  the  next  day,  wlu-n  lie  we.itlier  b.-in:.f 
inteiifely  i  old,  it  was  apreed.  by  the  oflicer',  t!;  .t  every 
man  Ihonld  be  allowed  d.iil)  two  (pinfj  ct  ji:)rt:r,  „r.J 
a  p:i.:  Ill  l)randy. 

1  hey  iMW  lailed  tlirou;;h  vail  iiuv.inu'.ins  cA  f.  i.trini.' 
ice,  an. I  were  cotuinuall\  in  inv.innint  duiLrtr  g(  beins.'- 
cruiliid  to  pieccN  Ar  Mie  *,:■:.?  time  i:  w.i.s  pi  iv  riiiv 
a;;reed  .inioiii;  i!ie  olh'.rr.,  ('..;■.  no  diJcovciy  could  be 
ui.i;  e  t'  '.'.inl.  t..e  nor:!i  po.e  i.'.  lli.it  ilnt.i'.'ni  th(  v 
ti.i  Kioie  inani;'.d  die::  ci:i;r!'',  an. I,  on  die  lilhol  Julv, 
li.iMnp  wcrke.l  ihiaiudves  .as:  ol  I'e  iiioviiiij  moun 
i.iins  I.I  ice,  liiey  l\'p.ui  to  Co..  l  a  \.:l[  icy  coiitinent,  ii 
we  iii.iy  be  aliowid  the  exprcllioii.  J  iiii  prodigious 
lii.iK  ci  ice  e.\tenwcd  t.ywatil.s  ihc  i'Oith-ea;i,  to  an  mi- 
ir.enle  eii..a'.cei  ar.d  they  h.ul  a  t  iirabic  tkar  lea  till 
the  1  ;:h,  when  they  came  to  anchor  in  .^nie,.iiiu;bur_:h 
I  liibour  in  t.iiceni.ir.d  or  .Spit/bcrp^en. 

."■iLiiieiven  lies  in  i..i.:ii.!e  77  dej;.  59  tr.in.  :  I  lie. 
l.j;  ;.;itiide  <j  tley;.  1  j  mm.  e.ili.  '1  he  co.ill  .ipje.ircd  to 
i.'C  1.'  itl'.cr  habit.iijic  or  .ic.  eli.ble.  It  iiloniKilol  hppi, 
i..nicn,  tjiack  roek^,  without  ilic  Icatl  tiiarks  ot  vti^i.- 
i.r.ioii  i  in  many  pl.ices  bare  ar.il  pomtnl,  in  <  :her  p.nts 
covered  witji  liioiv,  a;i[  eariiv^  even   abo\e  tiie  cloiidi. 

I  he  v.iiiicj  between  me  hi^li  ciiti'b  v»eic  tilled  with 
liu.w  or  ice.  "  Li. 13  prolpect  (l.iyr.  Captain  l'hip[is) 
woui.i  have  l';ip;;etb.-.l  tiie  idea  of  (leipetual  winter,  li.id 
not  the  mil'.liKh  of  the  weather,  the  lr.io.):h  water, 
bnplit  lun-l!.i;.e  and  c.:nl!,int  il.iy-lipjit,  given  a  ihe.ir- 
tulnei.i  di.Ci  novelty  to  the  whole  v.l  ihi.s  itr'ikint'  anil  ro- 
m.u.ti.e  Iccne."  li.e  curunt  run  aco  Is  thi-,  ...,.,11  UM 
a  kn -f  .ui  hour  north.  1  he  lKi",:it  ol  one  ino;mt.:,n 
km  hi  .e  '.vasloiind  to  be  i,-; 7;  yaid.^.  '1  he  hariv.nn  o( 
.''iiu  .uir.jburph  h.is  po.j.l  aiKlioraiiC  in  ij  latliums. 
Ciole  to  ti:ib  harb.ur  is  an  lliaiul  calleil  Amlierd.im 
lll.u',,1,  where  (lie  Diitcii  u!i  ,1  1  rir.erly  to  bod  tl-.cu 
wn.iiei.ii;  and  the  ri:i'..iins  oi  l.niie  coiivi  ni  ncy,  erect- 
ed by  thciii  ior  t!;..:  piirpoie,  are  I'lil  vilibie.  Once 
tliev  .ittempted  to  m.ike  an  eilablidiment  licic,  .ind  left 

etowiiuir,  wi'.o  all  peiiihed.      I  he    Dmch 
to  tins  place  lor  chc  la'ter  le.ikin  of  the 
J  d.-!v  .1.4  mill.  nor:h,  and  9 
i!ep.  5     mm.  13  lee.  cilt. 

'ine  m.ilt  leiiLirkablc  vi- \vi  v  hi'di  thcit:  dre:iry  re- 
gii.'ns  ;  :clei>t  are  what  are  caUcd  iecherj^.-..  1  hele  ate 
l.ii'.oe  ii-i.hcb  ol  ice,  liliiii;.;  the  vaiiies  between  the  l.i^h 
iiu'i:.i!.'...i:.  I  heir  tace  tow.irds  tiie  lea  is  iieaiiyper- 
pci.dicnuir,  and  of  a  very  li'.eiy  lis^lit  t^nen  coloia. 
*.J>!,-  wu  .il)'  ut  ,;-0  Icet  hi^ji,  widi  a  caliaile  of  vv.itei 
i:hn.-'.'  ..'lit  ill  1'..  I'lic  bl.ick  mountains  on  each  lide, 
;la  w.,ilc  111'  w,  and  piueii-toloiiied  ice,  coil.pi.le.l  .1 
VI  I',  bi  .:i:iti.i  .i:.d  romantic  |  \'.\.::.  Laipe  pieces  lie 
ijuii.th.  bi'.ke  otliiom  t!.c  k(.>.c  s,  and  lell  witn  -real 

II  .1.-  1.1  o  tiie  w.iV-.  (.)n',  I  :e'e  wa-.  oblcrved  to  Imm; 
i>  ,;  ,  i  1.  ;•  inr  I  I'le  i\'.\ ,  ,11  I  ■r.iunoe.l  in  i.l  lathoiii : 
i:  v.,  x  :  leet  hi.'.h  .'.oo\e  liu  Inrl.ac  ot  tlie  w.i[i.r,  .ind 
or  li  -  I. "lie  be!u'i''.il  loio'.ir  .is  die  icebiMrroni  whi.li 


li.ii'i.'  pei.pl 
1    Ikips  I. ill  leloi 
whale  !  iher\.      It  lie-.  1;'. 


It 


1  I  ■ 


.1. 


11 
I:.,  1!  i..e.,in  ,.ii  'It  ,'>inc.iiiiij;bur(;li  is  cllietly  .1  i.illJ 
o;  II, .nil..-,  wl,,'li  uiil'i^el  caii.y  .11  the  ni..riiie  acid. 
I  hc:e  '.'■.  1''  I'  '  apl  eai.nuc,  ol  miiieul-,  ol  any  kin.l,  iji 
.my  lii'iis  "I  .1111  i.i.:  i.r  niodi  rii  Volcanos.  No  inlccli, 
(c  ,ili\  Ije.  us  ol  npitih's,  w.ie  leeii,  not  even  (lie  com- 
mon e.'.rii  >c  .Till.  '1  here  v.-.re  no  Ipnn;;.  or  rivers, 
I'll:  ;.'ie.i'  1  kilt V  of  w.ltcr  w,;s  piodined  Itolll  tiie  lilov» 
w  'iich  nie.'-c  !  Ivum  tlic  m  ju.-^t.u.i'..     C.ipt.iln  I'liipi  ^  lui 

ben 


inn:. Oil.     m 


iRAPHY. 

'o!ii!ir\liirf  f.Mv: 
c  till..  bvi:u;  loon 
ii.r.iil.uioii  of  tlie 
c  ol)li£, -J  to  li.ive 
L'-|iok'-,  ill  oilier, 
im  t!iv  i;nmini-iiL 
,'  cnvcioiwl  i  Iv.it 
ling,  wliiM  tl.c  ii-f 
th^-ir  l'.'n!;bii.it'', 
iuis  1  u/i'  La|H.-  m 
i;)\vcvi.r,  ii.ci.i\n{ 

ofcacli  otl'.tT,  Ivit 
!-c  we.iriicr  bi'ii-.n; 
^icc■r^,  t!;:[  tvciy 
its   Cl"  pDlt.r,   ^;;J 

intr.ins  cf  f.  i.Ki;i.r 
:  il  uitrtr  cf"  beiny 
If  iL  \v,\i  !'i  nciMiiy 
iilcovtiy  could  be 
it  i!irci:li.in  ;  liu  y 
li  lUv  1 1  ih  ot  July, 
e  ir.Kviii;^  iii'iiiii 
;i  Il'V  <-'o:itiin.-ii[,  il 
J  ir.i  i-Modigioui 
[ih-v.'.;',,  to  .111  1111- 
-ablc  (kar  fea  till 
ill  ."^nicuiiuiburi:!! 
ri. 

g.  fi)  tr.in.  :  i  lie. 
:  i-o.iU  .ij-;  i.Mrci.i  to 
t  ib  loniKU  ol  hi;;'], 
Il  iiiarkb  ot  vi[^(.- 
tr.l,  i;.  (  :l.i-r  [Mith 
aijo\c  tiic  clijuJb. 
>  Vicrc  tilled  with 
,  Captain  Fhippb) 
pctu.ii  wiiirtr,  liad 
he  li,i  .o;!i  water, 
lit,  given  a  ihe.u- 
liih  itrikiiig  and  ro- 
:i.  N  till',  ^w.iil  half 
:  01  o.".e  nuKint.'.Ji 
'1  l.i  liaiiioiir  lit 
c  ill  ij  latlionis. 
called  ^\inliei\i  sin 
r.erly  to  bod  tkcu 
.,.iiv<  lii  T.cy,  erect - 
iiil  vilibie.  Once 
nen:  here,  .ind  Ictt 
l.cd.  I  he  Dutch 
la'ler  i'ealun  of  tlic 
nun.  north,  and  ^ 

fh  thefe  dr.-ary  re- 
IxTj^M.  I'liele  aic 
s  between  the  hij^li 
■  lea  ib  neai  ly  per- 
liylit  !;rien  cokiui. 
.1  cakade  of  water 
lU.iins  Oil  each  fide, 
d  ice,  coiirp!  ied    I 

1  -Will-  [.iccts  lie 

and  tell  witn  ^^rcai 

s  oblervfd  to  /i.ivc 

ided  m   \.\.  tathoiii : 

i.fthe  u.iti.r,  aiivl 
iceberg  From  wluJi 

r[;li  ib  clnetly  .1  I.inJ 
i\  the  iii.riiu:  acid, 
alb  of  any  i.irid,  01 
aiiob.      No  iiilecti, 

not  even  tlic  ctiin- 
)  l|Mii';.'.  or  rivers, 
uced  lioiii  the  Ino.y 

C'aprai'i  l'hiji[  s  h.ii 
bc'.n 


h     ;l 


ri'KO!'!-:.] 


G    R     ]■.    r.    N     I,    A    ?;    D. 


.<9t 


b'.'e'i  vvrv  ;'<--ur;;'.-  in  his  di'T/rlption  of  the  few  aniiii.ilb 
v.-)':ih  'Hie  lliir  •:,  rai'ie  r'::i'';i-.  i!il';;;1i.  i  ii-ie  i'.  the 
f.-ili  :'.'.■,  or  niork-,  1  ;f  /' ,. /i/m'h.-  /\  6«,,-' ;  .  o!  I.iiv- 
11. •.■i..^  It  is  t/',  1  ivi'iv  >\..-.c  ..!;.). It  t:;e  co.iil  of 
Sjii  /.  H, 1^,11,  .IS  Uiil  ;i:  [1,11  r.i.iv  Alici  -ver  t'lerc  in  ite, 
tii.n  'Ji  .u  .1  diil  111.''  I  ooi  [lie  i.iii  i.  I  i-,  ,i  ;':i  ;;,  uo'ib 
"niiu  i,  iiif  in'.  ih.e  1  f  I  I't  I '.,  b'lt  daniidoub  i'  ait.ick- 
td,  .1'  nie  wi:  'k  heul  v.;il  i  )i:i  ti:eir  lorce.b  I'l  reMiiLje 
aiiv  ,1.1  HV  rcce'>t  I  b\  .m  invliviil'iik  (_);ii-  ol  rin  !e  .ml- 
llialb  Oeip  ■  !i,c:>l  ar  ;iii  1  wuMn.lf.j  by  loiii'-  pc^iile  in  a 
b  it,  durl  iiiiiiu.lia'  !\',  .i',d  biv' :i;hr  ii))  with  it  .i 
n:' n.ier  o'  .iiiilts,  v,..i  ,ii,i  le  a  ]  lint  atrai  !<.  iijion  thi- 
b.j.i",  1  .d  .vrri'e  1  .111  'i.if  tr.iin  one  ot  one  iiumi,  .imi  lii.l 
well  nirli  ,;  i/i-.l  o:- ovt  rfet  I  cr ;  but  anoth..T  boat  coin- 
in;'  oil  ri:ev  ili:;,<-ii'  J. 

1  III- aoiic  t'-x  ((.•■•i  L'i;'>iri.<  of  1  ,i-.ci.riis,)  .'"or.iid 
on  '!,••  main  Im  lot  '■ji.-Jier;',en,  an.l  the  illuuls  ,ili,v- 
ci  n%  l:lik•r^  I'r 'in  C'r  lo  :,  not  o'l'' .■  in  c  i|  nir,  bit  in 
hr.i'.j;  its  ears  iin  ji  :'i  ire  r  )'i  i  !■  d.  I'  llir  i!-,  very 
Iri.'-.  a'ld  It.  :le  .1  is  lo  id  lo  :.i  T.i.'  (lo'.ir  b.ar 
{U'/'  ■•  ',!■'  ■  .■;  .  01  I.' 1,1  .■.:0  !■•  i  '  i"!  in  i-tie.i'i  ii'inibeis 
on  I'',-.-  in.iin  ia.:  1  ot  --pi;  li,  .-.jen,  .i.!')  m  tiie  idiiils 
an,i  1  e  net  is  a  :•  .r  ■;!'.  i'.ii.  anrn.it  ib  vmu'w  i.i;j:er 
t'un  'Jie  bi.iek  tiear.  i'..'.-  kanien  e.u  of  tii_-ir  ik-lii, 
til  1  i;;!i  verv  coaili'.  I",.'  r'ii  deer  {C  .  .:.  r,:r.::.i:~ 
Ol  i  .1  in  e.i>)  hiniih'-,  e  .:<  il.  nr.  v,  ni   in. 

I'.ie  '  >!ll  a'l'i'i';  i  ■  ,;  .  tiie  wild:-,  fia-ii!li,  eider- 
ii,;,!.,  jiMr'M,  l.n.'.ir,  r,  .r.hca  ,.  v.  ;-,  tiie  i M  liiai!, 
an  i  ■  'Til  ■.'..:  .  ., .  ,;.;  ,  ',e  pr.i.-.n,  i  ::i  i  in  :lie  if  )ir.ai!i 
O'  ,1  ie.il  c  '  ,1'  ,.  ,11-  ill.  c  .;!  ot  .■>;. !■,'■).  ,.  •.!.  riiiie 
ins-  Mr.  ■  ■'  '  (,  ,■;  ,\  .  .  ,',1,  v.hi.;-.  i,,i..  not  been 
li  .  .■;■-   ..  >    ',   t  v  ,  '     '  \f  ■<   lv"i'i  (  ill  t'le  !l  •;        h  o! 

a  :.  .it.     .1  ,■,,■  jv '1,  '    ».f}     :••;  Ti  1  •   liy  i. .  In  .-'•.'  •  > 

i'.\  ;.  .  \: '<!'  <<.  1.-  ',..r.--'ti  i-J.  ]  ./.■  k.  fV  v  t; 
f'.l',  ,  .■!!■■■  '  "I'  ■■'  ,^/;'i''  in  i,in  ;  .I'-r.i^'.- 
/    .■       ...:';:.  v..  <t-  ..  wnv. 


ij.   1. 1     ..      i     .-r   '  .  ■ 
till,  .UiLi'.'lt  O'-  '  ';.ii" 

On  -.K-     7  ,,     I  J', 
by  ini'lieiik    II      •' 
i'l;-,  .1  vii-w   Ir.'iM   'V 
il  V    c  '11' il','. ,,',  an-l    i 

t^         [■     \.      ,       Oll'l.     IV) 

l(.n    .      '■    ileit    (1..) 


.  .■  A  ;■-   -I'-  '..,  ■■■    '.«eki(;!\.i 
.;■;'■     .  ;■ '-,  ^■■'     '■:  t..k 
I.       ■,'■'■■'■     -V"'"   .■    y,iti-t 
I   !i*  .!'■  i!l,»i.-v^^  Jx.ij  -■  *',<•. I  ii.l 

.i;>'!i     :  I    ..■    \     i  y  i;/'W|.    {,*ii 

■  ■.■■iirn.i';;  rli-  »«/^  i/'/'/.tt 
u.is  ifi-.i-  1,1  iiiii  ^  an,t  [  ."till c*l< pie  Dh  .n  .i-rr  •  ,  i;,  ^ 
Vi  t  lie  ..  ki  III  n.b  leni  '.i"  rrj.MMii.  '(  i.ii'  v(  ,,/  ,., 
w  .1  n  ik'-v  x-..'i,-  !>',•!.  Ill  .k.-,l  i'e.iutihd,  *i  i  ;/o'.  !",--;i 
a  tij  ■  I,;  1. 1  :.'.i'.  ri::;.'  'o::ii  ;  .Hid  fh.e  to;  j  ii'.  I,, I-  m  //.. 
t,ii'i-,  v.i,iih  they  I'.'.iUi  Ur  like  Ijiarklins;  I'.ciiis  ar  a 
vatl  iliit.iiii.e,  h.'.d  fiie  ap: -^ai.iiite  itl  1  >  in. my  iiiverll.irs 
illuiiiin  i'li'.j  a  new  ti.niaii.,'.;?,  t)ii  ilic  ice  were  niaiiv 
Ileal  ^,  I  me  <'\  wliicli  raiiu  >>  near  the  Ihips  as  ti  be 
thy>:  .ie.id  wicli  hii.dl  arir.*.  J  iicie  lie.i'  K<r  very  :;ood 
r.»i  •;',  and,  where  no  beTtrr  is  ti  h:  t;  ►?,  f;.--  whalers 
accot.iii  ihcin  a^  good  is  hecf.  Jliey  are  many  dltheni 
as  laiije  as  thr  lar',.;- d  r\'  i,  and  v,»y!i  heavier,  (n 
iii.iny  pans  of  ti.eir  Ui.dy  :;■■  -  art  riv/k/-:  piooii  .m.i 
Uiiklb  tliev  ail-  hit  on  (he  <.pin  clieff,  i>r  mi  the  ll.t.io 
a  blow  N'l'h  a  nuilket  liall  .'..II  hiidly  make  *hein  tur;i 
fheir  l;a  k  ..  Some  of  the  bears  kiiltd  in  the  <■;•>  'yinteib 
weii;hi.:  iiom  h\eii  to  ei.'lu  hundred  weijihr." 

ill  tlieie  Ids  they  lojnd  the  water  lels  lalt  than  liiov 
h.i  1  ev<  r  1). ''.It'  exjiciieii' id  k  a  w.irer  to  be;  aiK; 
whentii.i  Ui^ke.l  liie  i..  e  ir  pi, i, law!  e\ii.i,ei  t  i,-e:!i 
wa'rr.  l''ie\'  likewile  iillfl  ikiir  '..an  i'  .,ilks  liy  tkis 
Jlirlkod.  in  I  1 1  es  n-Iup.-  Iimw  k.v  t'li'.k  iip'.ii  tkr 
fur. a  e  ..  i.  ■■  in',  ik'-y  iki.'.  ;  •;s,  \viii..:i  inline, ii.itiiv 
fill'  d  w<  ti  ell  ,u,   i  s',  Iweef  \.,r  i. 

On  th-  ilLi.i  Aiv'.i'it,  tk.'  Ck.iiiiu'!  lore  being  d.eli- 
rous  ol  ;.i;vc,ir  .  tlie  welliiiaiui.i  cf  i!ie  illai.ds  bi  ■ 
for.-  menu  iii''il,  m.k're,!  tlie  ikips  ii  be  luaiie  f.iil  to 
the  111.1111  body  oi  i^e  witli  ice  .ui. 'huts ;  a  method  Ire- 
ijlleinlv  jiratliinl  in-  tlie  •  ot  enknul  lilkin;',  vclk  k. 
'^Ill^  ben  :;  ell'\ted,  .1  p,l|iv  lit  k/ic.uil  U|i"ii  the  i  \- 
ciirlion,  lonlilliii;.  oi  ihn.-  p:i;.i  i|.>,il  oiiiifrs  and  [;entle- 
nv  n,  tlie  pii.i.,^,  ,i:i.l  lome  pin.u'  l.idois  lelecled  .io!ii 
h  K  I  imps.  i  III  ,'  ciiiiin  i.sl  i.i.'ir  pr'i";re,'.,  ikm.  oines 
r.uvinp:  me  o  i,it,  an.i  luin.'.i.i.s  .ir,'..wiij',  it  o\ii-  tiie 
ke,  aiiii  ai  kii^ith,  wiUi  loiiie  dniicukj',  icai-iicii  iaiul, 


wheie  tli.y  fo'ind  a  fliit-  lieid  of  deer,  (■>  tariT",  t/;a': 
tiieir  apj.ij.i.  li  oid  not  iii  the  jeall  intimidate  them: 
"  ,\  proof  ,  ki).-.  the  joiirnalill;  that  animals  are  not  ra- 
t'M 'liy  alraiil  of  man,  till,  by  the  fate  of  their  afii  ciatc, 
t::e,-  air  raii..vit  tile  tlanper  of  appriaehing  ti.ein ;  a 
1  ro,.'!,  too,  ti,at  animal,  are  n'jt  tletiinitj  of  reHecition  ; 
oiici  ,',il"-  ho-..'  iliould  t'lev  coneUide  chit  wk.ac  has  be- 
i.ili  .1  ilii;r  ieilovv  an  inal-,  wi.l  cert,'.;ii!)  ha;  po.i  to 
t'icm,  it  tiicv  run  the  f.ke  liik  :"  'i'ii'ry  ali  •mti-d.  the 
ni.;ii..l.  I;;!!,  b'lt  wrre  ilikippi.inted  in  the  i,i\.|pe:t  they 
exp  cLe.t  by  tli,-  h.i'/iilefs  <;•  tiie  w.  i:!i.r.  On  retiiiiiin^ 
t')  the  iliips,  they  foUinl,  to  their  ;.',reat  f.irprize,  that, 
I)v  gr.ipj'linj;  t')  t!ie  ice,  thy  were  in  tiie  mo.,  imminent 
liin^'vr  Ol  loJinp;  them  b  iti:  j  for  the  lonfe  ice  i.ad  cf/kj 
lo  lalt  round  t.'iem,  cli.i:  it  was  deeir.,:.i  i.ir,  raciicable 
ti  ilifeni^aije  them,  and  tl,;  y  h,i,i  p.ri -t  rc.iton  to  fear 
th.T  borli  the  lliip,  woi.kl  be  irnllied  to  pl.'ces.  'i'u 
p:eviiit,  ifpollible,  lo  d.eadfiil  an  acci  lent,  llie  Coni- 
iii-i.lore  pnideiulv  nidered  a  great  inimiier  of  men  tu 
I'lrm  ,1  tlo.L  in  t!ie  Iblid  ice,  lullicietitly  l.irge  to  moor 
both  lliijis;  and  by  the  pierformance  of  thi.s  ardunui 
i!.;  lert.ikin^  with  am.u'.ing  aku;ri:y  and  ix|:cd!tion,  both 
vet; -lb  and  crews  w\rc  alinolt  iiiii.ici.lo  illy  pireferved. 
No  looner  were  the  ililps  tins  f.-i-iire  ',  ihan  a  yjneril 
cj'ineil  wab  fummonevl  .  f  ail  t';e  ciikr-. ,  pil'jts,  an.i 
ina.lers  of  both  Iliips,  t'o  (..'nlulc  what  lU  p .  were  to  Lc 
'..ikcii  in  this  cmerL',ency  ;  tiie  relol:  of  wiiich  vas,  tiiai: 
tlk;  Mviil  either  winter  upon  the  nciLdibouriiV':  iliands, 
or  ur..g  tl-.eir  tioats  over  the  i:e,  and  l.e-inch  tiiem  in 
the  '>pcn  fea,  wiiii.h  w.is  iviw,  by  tiic  c mtiniial  accumti- 
lati.in  of  tnc  ice,  a.  a  virv  cor,''.:er.ible  diilance.  A 
lie!,  e.Mte  .ute.nii:  V  as  tirll  r.i.de  t.)  extiie.'.'e  the  fliip;;, 
by  citing  'ipei  .i  ,  li.inoei  t  i  the  La  L.n'..u-db  the  weiu 
wai.ii  ''C  '.li^i  w.e,  fion  ^i.ea  '.ip  .'.s  ,'.  liiinierieal  ai.d 
i;.ipr.i.:u  .i  'ic  ,i:    -np.. 

'~'h\  tne  ^,:!  '^-  'io^nlV  it  was  iinaii'  'vi'.iilv  'k-tenninetl 

f  ■•  .::.!  ^  the  a.'   -  .11'^  l):-i -n^iri:..  r     '<  ^  k  iiie  iiiiys  o'.\t 

[\    f.  '  .    ■    ,in  1     I    ...  ;■  -r.:.:  :  i  ..i  .      i  C,\:   ;i  in"  :'!■■  open 

!e',    ~       i  '  ,» \    ..    pe,!  1  1  "a   'li    "  .      ::.'.,..:  r-M  a  Spit/- 

■;    li.:.    ^  ■.    le   ,•;;    o-parte,!. 

!.   ■,  t   .e' .  tkev  kid-  ■:  it'veial 

i  f.-  -il -■  ;'r,  II  ..l'  ire  i(j„d 


'I  ■.ut\-  -lei'i.-e  ::..-  •• 
;}  \\  I'lC'  r-.e  bo-lts  w  V 
ri  U.'.ri,  <■ '.',  biiii-   a; 


i't\  il^d  •  i  •  'ar.l  111.- 
rk-  ■':.  I  -  .  .:k^-Wl 
r.iU  'Mjap      'Tl. 

\  r  ic  C  11,  .lie  ,'. .. 

i    ji  .\i«    r/lt')'vvia- 

I    f V  f?iiji«  •tilia' 
■'•  )  arlf  11: 

r'lM.    ."  tin   (Tl.lt 

three  ix-zr-   wt- 
il  t,  a.-'-i   '        ;' 
ilic   Ihip. 
the  lifiit   f't 
daVb  U-iirc,   u  , 


,  I.  iiiK    I     .  r 


,1.,. 


I  ■..  fi  v,:.L 
1,  -.1  ,1  I'.-a  ;    .,  le,   1,1  t.,e  ti'.  :pe- 
•  ,    ■•  •  1     I,    'he     •  -or.i   !;--'.'-c;i,ini.   of 
;.  .  •  .    ,     t:  ..I  ■■■:■     )l    i   ;     -    kis  li'ir. 
1.     .:  ■)    ■,     \.:ii  -k    h  Pi-e.!  -.1    \,:;iio 
I.I.  1.-  -,   il  ii,.'.'i.,l  'li-,-  lem.irk.ibii'. 
1,.;.  .,  of  :iv.-   y.:\  ci'  A'-_  n  I;,  :].■: 
A  ■•',   t.i    v"  -;, ..  .;  <;   .  e   n  e:- -,   :i,a:: 
.i.x'ii  ;;  r  w,,y  V'  r    ' :!'.  o  .er  tii.,- 

were  ,  .•.:"  .",  I:  en'  c;-i'rle  r  rvv  r.k, 
.,!,  Wit;,  .-  •-  '-.  i'.ilit,  k  ,  ;i  i;i\i  I  d  I--,- 
aober  I  I  .^u  ua  hi'ih-  i.ilic.l  a  i.  .-■ 
I  iC  nil  r  .  1  let  on  l;-e,  and  whicli 
v,.is  tjuruu:.;  on  ti  ••  I  e  at  '  vinie  ol  thLar  appiriach. 
I'liry  oi"ved;  t-e  a  Ilie  i  ..r  .iiid  kcr  two  cubs ;  ivjt; 
til'  c  o'.  wer:  ;  iiiyaslaryi  -i  :..e  dim.  'I'liev  r.in 
t.i '  !  iv  to  ti'-  ■  le,  .iiivl  tin 
ol  III,  lletk  !  i.A-  lea  Iwrti- 
anti  c,it  It  ,,>r.i. ;oi:!ly.  i 
\\,iy  iif  t!i.-:r,'.  1,  thre-  ,: 
li.i  hoile,    wl..    1   till  y        : 

wi.iili  the  I'iit  1  .,r  Ut  il  ,1  ,.'■.. i;.  (  .,  lai.lt-.uli  Inmp 
lie;  jie  Iter  ,  iib-  .c,  llie  bioiip  ,:  i,,  ...  doi-luig  ir,  I'/AX 
c.uhalliaie,  reier\ii'p,  '.'.it  ,i  ,mik  ;  li.on  li  keililk 
.\s  Ike  was  letihinp,  aw.iy  ,  ,c  l.d  pie>.e  t:i.-,-  kad  t.i  ke- 
i!,)W,  tiiey  k-\tlle  1  tiicir  o.iiiki  ts  .,'  tk.e  ciii-'-,  ,i;i.l  !li(;c 
t'lein  both  i'  '  I  i  and,  in  her  retie.u.  tl.y  w  ii,.ide.l 
tk.-  tlani,  but  ^  niort./kv.  It  would  have  or.iwn  t  an 
ot  pity  irotn  ,i.  .bin  u.iteilin.i  iiiiiui-.  ;  ■  ii.-.e  i:  a.ictt 
li.e  .ilii.\:'aor..i:e  coiKirn  expicii' .1  b\  il  .  p,'  a  l'.....L 
in  tkeihinp.  moments  ol  ;ui  e.Ni  i;ii!  -.  ;,  va-.  .  1  .k'.'i!  !i 
Ik,-  w.is  lorelv  woiuidcl,  .uid  i  -.  i;i  i  i;'  :  ■  ..  i  r-\'  1  fi  T'e 
I  iaie  wk.ei'-  they  liv,  liie  ■.  .i.kt  1  d,-  ;  ...p  '.i  li,  ';  liio 
111  I  !e-.  ..  .1  .i...iv  ,is  the  h,„i  d..,  e  tl  .■  .■  .i:  1-  :'  ,'.  i.-ie 
it  ill  I  i.^cs,  .iii.i  lai.l  it  down  I"  .  -e  di.il,  ..r.ii  -.'.iii-n 
llie  law  that  they  rciicd  to  ei.,  .-^  ■■•"•  •■■>■■■'  ;aws  i.iit 

V,  ail 


.■    t'lr  (•  .,11  liie  llaiu  b  puL 
■  .:  Kr....;ned  uneonfuiiKd, 
'T'.--.^    tinm    the   Ihip,   by 
;•  I  ■  I  r.'ie  Ik-Ill   if  the 

'  ■'    '        "  .t   up'.i:  die  ICC, 


I' 


I 


%m 


i    ■•11 


I..''  !: 


m 


.11! 


i 
I 


:H 


^  I 


r'^if 


5ni         A   NIAV,  KOVAT.,  ax,.  Al'TI  II'NTIC  SYSTl'M  or  LIMVi.llSAL  GF.OGUAPFIY. 

lijioii  n;v,  .;;ui  t!n'ii  I'i-vi  I'l'  ntlv.-r,  .111. 1  civ.k'avoured 
to  mIIl'  tiii'iii  iiji.  A  I'  !!■.;>  ui'..'.:-  it  v.ms  pirjtiil  to  hear 
luT  111  Mil.  Wlicii  l.'.t  ;  .  :.-,.)  il'.i.-  cmill  not  llir  tlu'in  Ihc 
\'.-.-nt  r-iV,  .wA,  svluii  llie  lu.l  y.'it  ;U  liiiiic  dilLiiu-c,  Inok- 
c.i  h.'.i'iv  ■,•.11.1  ino.'.;K\l  i  .iti  1  th.it  iic  .iv.ulii'^^  her  to  cn- 
tii\' iik'nl  :l\v,iv,  Oh-  rctuincl,  I'.inl  lili  ■llili;^  ro'.iiul  tlifiu, 
[y.-.' i>\  to  [<.'.<  th'ir  w  i.M-'i-.  Mic  W'"^  u'V  .1  I  .onA 
ti-v,  .!«  hi'oir,  ,i:;.i,  li.iv!;;  •,  irr'l;'!  ;i  :*vv  |  urs, 
l!;:,i,l  .■..',.ii:i  l-'-M.iJ  li' r,  .i'..l,  r'.r  i' •■'•t^'  t'nv,  il(>,\l 
mo.'ir:- •  ,  Irj;  ll;',l,  h.vr  c.r.o  n  •'  n.'ri ',  to  I,  11  >w  her, 
i;;j  •,  :i.:,l.  i!  I)  tl:-;ii  .1  •  ■.;■!,  .;  1  1,  v>.;'.:'.  I'l''!-.  I'i  ijvx- 
I'-f.r,.':,-  i'.i  1  .■.•!■.,  \\::\'  roiiiii  oir;,  ;i '.l  rniml  rhu 
<ir'..:r,  [MAi;!;;  t'-.-'M.  ni'.  !  tii  >n:;i.;.  l'i:'..I;!i;',  at  !.;ll, 
t!i.u  tiny  wf-'  I-  )!  i  .I'ul  :'.  oIi;'-,  i1h'  iMi!c>l  i)i.r  hiM.i  to 
w.iri!,  tl'.c  l!;':-,  ••■t',  r'':f  i.'.iltlvii  in  t!v  ■ri-in;:'., 
J'l'Asl  .1    .1   i.:i!-    ";    "1    i:,'    !!'■■:  lf!:T- ;    \^;li^  h  thiv  rr - 

t  iiiu- I  t'.-  .1  \rT.  v  :"'  iivii'-.  ■'■  !>>1   ,  \^ii'-ii  ;iH-  M',   bc- 

f.vi-'-i  ii'  r  o\.l)-,  .1  .!  .;::-!  hJ.i^  :  'iu;:'  woui;;!,-.  ' 

'      (  ii!   •  .'.*    -fh   or'  A':'";ll,  tli  •  i'    v  .  hri;i.',   i('..!y,  .iii-.l 

]  r  i:-.t1"  'irr^-i  \\iv\  W'.mi'.'.t-c!  .;1o  r  i  L.  ;■;>  •.;    t:v,;      '  ' 

i''  r'-.ov  •!;.i':i  ;  ii-  t'l  t'nn"!  ■.  ■■ 

I'm:!    u.!-    !.;r.;;;''r  '    v.:'h    ,1   !>.i,',    (■•'.Mil'. 

:;  ill'.'-,  .ir.  I  w'l.r  r.r;  -I'Vii  s  .'■/.•  <.',:". >.■  t.i  ti'n  ;    the 


1   i ',   :u!i  t'l.  ;;i,   fvtr\ 
■         !    1;  1- 


;•   -vii'ii  ;rc   [t 


;:■.  ,  l;:".."r^,  l:".'riii-,  \"f.  I'l  ;n;', 
!^  !.'.  !  ;  1  (>/.■  I1  >at-.  1  l.r.'.r./  ::i.i-i'-  thtlr  |'ii.-;Mr.iii  .n>, 
.1  vl.-.i.  ;i.:if:i':  of  ; --iiv.-n,  :;  i.;.-r  their  rf!pe:h.c  i  in- 
in.i  '  '^  WIS  o.^i.n.'.!  Imi:!1  tMch  Ihip,  to  tH-:.>'.a  ;h:  :u-- 
(ii '■:>  .1'^  !  (ii-ii.  il:  iii^.lcrt.ikin^!;  of  ilr.iui;iii.;5   tli  •  o  >,i* . 

f:-.',l,   i'..il'Il  over  tin-   \CC.        'ril',-    C'l'Il!!!  >.lorC     took   Uj!  i.l 

hiniU'it'  'iie  dirtvl;  ;;  >  (  'hi-'x  t^v,«  ;\;r'i  s  ,»ik1  Wii  C"  1;  t. 
I..i'.>'.i  !.',f  t,.  t.i'.i.'  cin;  i;f  the  ;l:i;  -,  v.i:li  i;-.,:  rei'.i.ii-:,..; 
\\::'.  •■'{  tiK-ir  oivw-. 

I'rv.i  I'..',,  CO  t!"..-ir  '.'rr'iiv;  f^iir,  :i  C''  .  ' 
pivi.i.  :'■!.:  .-.  J  ni'.'i  w  p.;<'.-fr  :'.  ■  I  1  i.". 
n.!!i  :a  r  .li.rh.  l!iii  '.\''.i:  h-  v.  r  •  f:o. ;:.;.'•  i  : 
whiJi  iT'^iliHi-ii  cc:..'' 'i-r.l  t!-  !  j;*'.';'^  u.,,ii,^'.\l 
ciri;'ji;i:'.i:ii  cs :   T'.k  n'F  •  is  in  "■''■■-•'  t  •  ]  r  .■. ;  :c  ih-.  in 

(il-.T;;     wiiil     h  ll)i:s     I'liMoi/    to    t:!',"    rxtr'.-iliitv    ot    (\.l  ! 

s%!iu  h  th;.',-  ;,i'  rir  I  '  .'.loiv  rx:  .1  t-,  hi  1  i!ir  umi  •>•;' 
ti.ri,- o.Mi  1. !  ;.!''!'•,  .;.".!  |".:t  oil  \\.ir:n  l!  i.iiirl  u.inm";;  . 
The  rnc.'i  (:ii'iT\  in;.;  t',:-,  ;!i;J   ti.Kikir;;  i;  .1  ;.;r'.M'  ]■:'■: 

l!ut    l'.l'--!l    i."'"!!    l.lC'.-i!    c:.,'.rhs    IllHiM    Isi.'    lo'.l,    r(:tCl'.i 


r  lu.l  ;^'  -'i 
,••:■   hi';;..   ■■ 


know  wh.it  .1  colli'.. 'iM'.lci!  acciJcn:  I  have  mt:  \v![h. 
AluT  m.itiiii.'  i!i'!ibrr.iii;;ii  iiiT;ii  this  weiijhtv  iiiirtcr, 
it  w.u  ;it  L'n;;iii  :\!'ici'tl,  th.it  the  Cook  Ihoiilil  tl,;o.v 
hiiiik-lt  iijioM  the  C'oniinoilori-'.s  incuy,  aiiJ  truli  'o  hi-; 
Lioodiiatiiic.  "  ''iir  (1  brcrvtil  one  of  the  mates;  i.ij 
honour  is  a  kiii.lhe.iritil  ^'rmtnan,  atiil  will  never  t.il.<? 
awiv  .1  iivui's  hie  for  ,1  il'i)  iipo;)  the  ice:  l!r.':.le-,  i: 
W!,  a  ivr.it  i\i;ii;!  lor  a  ),.'  111.1:1;  anil  CoiiMi  .l-^re 
w  )',,1.1  r.til'.rr  I  ile  all  tlic  (lare  ii  tl  e  jTreat  cabin  tli.m 
1"!^' *' '"'■■."  ri'.s  <ii:i','..'s  !!V);le  u  '  ieal')niii<j;,  in  lo'ii; 
II;  ■  le.  o>|i>i;.t;i;l  ti'.e  co"i..  1  [e  lii.l  n.)!,  h')'\ev", 
c!i  1  'le  t  )  ;.'.>  r  )  the  '.'  ;ii'no;lor.',  till  he  had  Jil;  .itciie.i 
the  nil'  .  i']:'.-  I  1  i.iiry  t'le  reni.iiiiJer  ol  the  pi-ov;.i  ;ii., 
ani  to  1:1,  ;:ii  thit  ;',e;iil.'iii.in  of  the  dilalter  v.hi-.h  !i.i,| 
I'ft.illi'.".  hi.,1.  \\  l.iii  ihe  (.' iiiiin  pili;  '  had  liard  t',e 
t.ie,  hv'  alktd  w.  re  tl.;-  cook  w.is  .'  "  lie's  bl'ibl:''"- 
in,;  ,ii;d  crvin;-;  hehiivt,  .m  ple.ii'r;  y'jiir  hono'.if,"  1  v; 
on.  ol  lium,  W'ii-n  the  co,)k  came  np,  '•  Coo'c,  (:.;| 
the  Conni  !.I',-re,)  h:i:i.':  me  yo'.ir  din:irr.  I  '.•..;l  .;;:.^- 
I  i-d.iy  ^itii  my  toi-.ir.i  Ic  ."  "  iMy  ilinner  1  ^^i.^.:  :'.e 
*-'ook:1  .A  pound  ot  the  llrlh  ii;i;t  my  iicart,  ii'vji..- 
h m  )ur  hl.es  it."  Thii  reply,  iisteri:.!  witli  the  voi-.c 
o;  li.iceritv,  i-Ieal'ed  the  Coiniivd  'le  more  than  the  rioll 
i.:niptii  ',:.  entrrtainnirrit  v.  (ul.l  aavc  done. 

>';oii  .i!;t  r  il;nner  v,or  I  ua-.  liioiu'lit  that  til'.'  wholi: 
ni.iij  of  iue  111!  clian;;'-'.!  i*'.  I'tii.rion,  and  was  parrina, 
.;i  I  til.'.:  the  iliips  were  u;l  ).i:.  I'iie  men  were  in'.lairlv 
I'ldered  to  til- lliiiis  to  allilf  ia  working  them.  '1  hi-, 
: 'V  w.is,  lionever,  lliort-lived  ;  fir  the  ice  re-airumed 
I  it^  lornier  iifi.uion -,  and,  what  wa>  worle,  the  Ihipi, 
I  ti  /111  h.;'..n_;  i'.e;'.  le'  a-lloat,  were  in  mute  ii.in.;er  ot 
Iv ;;!_';  c-i!!;-.!  ti  \\:-:cs  th.i.'i  before.  The  crt  w:,  1,1 
!)  in  i!-,'^  ,  ;;•■■.'.•  I'lvvio;  r  I'u-ir  ondition  tivire  dclper.ue 
t:M.i  iver.      .\'i,:.e  C')'.;!.i  ;;  >  back  t'j  th-.'  [yj.vs,  a^  it  w.ii 


!l 


■  v.. 


rv  tn  : 


;il  hin.is  llio'.ild  be  employe.!  in  defen.l 


!,;•..;.  own, 


I 


'.It  I'n  1 


..    \,.,' 


tns  ('!   tne  oimci- 


tl 


t:i-y  mi;'';':  .i:  ;;'.i;l  I'e  '..'iv  i:i  the  n.idll  of  their  diiti,  ;  1 
lie-.      i  l'--';t  e  i'.,-        1    ill,,!-,   v.':i-:i   propv'ily    h'.';ii;!M 
t  :  dra-.v  t:,e  bi"  ,  i !'..:!■.•   .1   'u-''!   iiioilv  and  wiiinv    A 


.I"-,  e.iri:.'  e. 


\'    •■ 


\'. '. ;  !-■ 


in  ti'.'.-  leali;  ailli.i'-'.l :    i  .f,' 


-I-, 


l.id  !■■  !';';',  ;;l;.,,  i,i  j  i . ,  !;;  t /te  tlir-ii.  \  it  a  l;I  , 
!;;/  ou.i..,.. -■  V...,  :  I  I  •  I'.-eii ,  bur,  inl'ca.l  ot  a;-- 
p.-.iii.;'  :•••  I:  ,(..!.!':  tii.'  d  .I'.'ers  t:!!'.  i'urroniivled  them, 
til'  v,  to  '.  ';  :!•■,  v.e--'  a-  '.ill  a--..l  merr','  a.  it  tlr-y  h.i  1 
b-r;;  i,;  p.  .■;■.■  I  I'lli  •.'.-,  a.i.i  d.'iiikiiij  '.'.i;.i  c...  ii  i.ther  in 
Ufl  l',rj:..,-.d. 

After  e:<ertiii[!;  the  jjrcatelt  1:1  i.il^rv,  aivl  l.iboiirin:; 
with  .r'  •:ii;hini;  adidu;:'. ,  tiiey  iia.l  pi'ovee  I'- 1  b'lr  on-,- 
nii'e  at  the  cxpiiation  wt  t\x.  iioiiiv,  wn;i  h  \'..i'>  ih-  tru'- 
tile  Coiiimoviure  liati  oiderc.l  tile  viiniier  I  ir  iiinl'li  ,»-  I 
the  oifli.er'i  to  be  ijro'L'nt  .ii".'r  t'irr.i.  'I'lie  h  i  I  ■  • 
liivin';  d'-'-iT.'d  if,   let  on:  with  h.,   1  late-.   t>   ?-i,'t;t!i 

■  ;,'•:    ,,-i:,':es  under  co'.'f-i'-,  to'vai'.    i'      ;■  i.u^  ,    '- i' 
',.1.      •  11  ;i  .   ..:iy  I'lVili-j-Ai-  I  too  mil  '    '  ;  .;   'v,   ; 

•■    :   r.;  /    ti.emli-lvc,   .I'-iinll   t'       >  'i '.    '"       \ 

■•    -I   v,,i''li|   ..'I'll!    liiC'M    wi   1    il  ,'.''''     \      1,1,'  .,";■:- 
'.  .    '  •';■  ■'  ;  ■  ,"  ':'e  T.-le.)   .      ^    >■      .1   II  •:   conv 
,      .  , .'    •     r  ,  i.-:;  \'  '.  ■  ,  i    '■  t  111     ^  v'l  V  nrtr  b  ,.ird- 

],:  '    •  I  I  r  .  ,  :    !ir      1  ■;  '  '  1    I'l  '  i'    h  lii    w  iv, 

r    '        1  ;  .     I    ,  il  I       ,    '.r    .  ■  i''ti:r;  M':    I   '■.    w  );,  !| 

;,!•        :.    :  ■      ■  ^         '  .    ;    .        I  :•      1!         •    Vl';,     -t  fiv  '; 

]  ,   '■'    .V.;',    •  ,'r  e  I       on      .,        ■■  V  ' 1 

.;  I  ,  ,,    .1     r  i:.     '".,■•  ■ 

;  ..;:,,.-  „      ,  .  •      h.      !      .        .-        . 

V,  ,  '1   :•  .  ..  -  '      ,.••'''         tf  •  t 

i„     ;  ,-.."•,    !^  ■       1  '    :■  '■■■    '  ''■'  '  «"^ 

1  ., .,  ;;.  a"  ;d  I  ■  .  ,.,i'  i  ic.  i  Jt  -     '^nr,  i     I  k  \t: 

■  •   '         '!■'.  'I       ■■   CO')!;,  \s     '     Hi'     ,        lii- 

i  .,«'.•   I;  '.  ,  iivi'.'    ;,,i  I,   •    Kii    .!,   iiiiw  I 

.  '    ;  :  I  ',      .       'I  tii"i-  1  h.id  licil  ,':nlp  w'  > 

..  -         .-  I ',.;.,  1.      J  :.iid  ia  tip.:  v.'(>'.:m».Ji.;tt 


11.',  i'-'''  li..j  ■>  i.'oni  ini;iied:ate  ileiinicti' n  witli  their 
''  p '1'.  ^.  li;.:  wi:rn  all  acre  txh.uilled  wi:h  i'.iti?'!:.-, 
.i.'^d  V[-iy  ii';le  ii  .jie  Iceiii'..!  ro  r-.."maiii,  I'rovidencc,  ii 
a  ill  i'l'.n  leiie'.i'.l  them.  .-V  biilk  •-■.ind  I'prung  up,  .vm 
t:!'--  i  e  l;;d.L';il',' k'li.iratpil  an.l  bi.  ke  allmder,  v..:.h  a 
I-,  ;..'  '.'. h'.li  e.vcetJel  the  liiiidi'll  claj)  of  th'."ider. 
.  S /I'le  fi.i.'ineiUi  ft  rr.iCvl  tiiemfelves,  almoll  iutlanta- 
n.'.)i;:i'.',  i.;: )  ho  v  iivnintnci;  aiv.l  '.itliers  coakke.l 
I  i;"  )  pl.i'n,;  wliile  v.iriou-  cIian:ieK  optiicl  bet'.veen  the 
i  liii  .i.itir;  p;ir:  01  the  la-.c  tre:iieiui'iu.s  banicr  of  cii.T- 
j  ;'.'.ii','.l  wa'.ei-.  I'.vciv  i  o';ntenai;ce  ileand  i.p,  ail 
I  in  ;it;,  revi.-ed,  an.l  tl;e  l.i;:,  were  I'p.re.id  witli  .il.ni:\. 
I  -V  parcv  was  dilpa'viiel  ' o  le^ai.i  the  b  i.it",  \\h..J.\  i!i-; 
men  fli'::etl  with  ;;re;:t  r.niimity.  "  .\nd  ii  iw  (ic,  ; 
tin:  .u;;iinr  ol  the  ]oiiniil)  th'.-y  !ud  time  to  admire  tin; 
ic',-  whii'i  l;\d  p.irt'j.l  ft  ,111  the  main  bi.lv,  as  it  no  1  .':i- 
gei-  (,')'rn:teil  tiie.r  cotirle.  'I'lie  vaii'iiii  linjies  i.l 
wliicn  iiie  bruken  tnn'iients  apfieared,  \\ere,  i;idee.', 
vciv  c'vio',15  a:id  I'luiflt,  .  Cnc  lemarkable  piece  dc 
ten  ii  ,1  m.v'i.iii',',nt  :ii\h,  lii  l.triiO  and  complct.  I. 
f  )r;!i' '!,  tii.it  ,1  llooj)  nfconl'id.erable  b'jrthcn  might  h.i,  .- 
l.iK,!  1^''  0 'h  it  witiioiic  I'lWciing  her  null.  Ano'hrr- 
irpie!,' '  t  a  ihiirJi,  witli  win. laws,  pillai:,  mi  1  d  o  iv- ; 
a''  1  .,  ■!  a  t.iiilc,  wi'h  icticlci  '',i.i'-',in^  round  it  i,  .'; 
1.'  ^  ot' a  dair.i"  table-.  I'j:!,  .V  fertile  i,,),,j^'i 
I  '  'i  '■',!'•  lu-ie  tin, I  enti';  ,,ui""ieiit  cno" 'h  ,  '  j-T  ,'•; 
1.  ■  I  S"»iii'S!  ;-\ni  the  t«ltti'i>'i|i'»'  '■'  '.^,  ,'  ..f  ,; 
I  III  -■■  ■  'ver\i  ,  rodui  ed, ':i»ollt  i'  .-Mn.  i  ," 
I    ■'  I   ;i  i;w   1,  I  ",  ih  tcim   '','  I   ('>•'   •-.      '    '.e'li./l'. 

'      .  •!    II  I      i,,.^      ,  r.r.i  I:,, 

il.i;  -.  p,ii:i  I  I  ■,  .1  ::  . 

>  i-n-.'  11.;  I  •    ,11'p  \i:y  ,1  '  ■.,  . 

IM  ,.,;h,    V.',    :\    t';r,,      ,,,,..      ; 

J'er  «  I, lie  ii  an  a  ;>.iior  .it 
I     1-      . 

1  ..-  .  ,li  .wiih;  »;■«  \  v,^  ^Ithc  :v.  ill  iiiii'  'Jj  obrc;v.i- 
li  '     Hia-'c  L"i  t' »  V'i'.iii  ■ 

t  »  •  I:  e  I'/liolJi'',  ov  I  m«'  ,  li.m  iil.ur'/ation  lit 
tr,  ■!;,;•, ■,  the  |!:ii  ,  n>-v  t  .  ,  .U-^r,  ')  •  inm.  j  ;  tec, 
••  ).'-  e  i'.-.!ii/  ;i,  J-'..,  (.'  ,■  „a.r..in,  ;9l',-.  iiuri!:. 
i  '1  •  >.-/'.  Ill  .n,;i.  ^  s  ,  wi'"',  I'i  i,;'  O'/ liej.i;.  , -, 
111  V  ,ip-  ;  I  J'  ,i;  p  I  .'..;■  ,'  I  «  t\\  ;i  i-t-ry  iieavy  le.id 
i       '^.."fi"!  ^ b J  utho.in  wuii'jiiHi^ttiti' ground}  ai.d. 


1  .,'!.'.ii  ' 

il  ; 

).;  v\ 

(I'll  '1 

,  w 

I,.     !  ,' 

,,  1    1 

.i; ' 
.1    ► 

1 
1 1 

II'.A,' 

.        all    t 

,' 

>',t 

I 


oU    lluiulil    '' 

,  ;iik1  trull  '() 

of  the  m.itfs; 


RAl'FIY. 

h.ivc  nut  \v![!\ 
vvL'i'jlitv  f.i  utcr, 
tl.r.i.v 
\U 

j.ii 

1  I  will  IK'VtT    t.il,<; 

it;   ice  :   l!;-'':.lr-,  i; 

.iiul   Co!i;.!i  .I'.ro 

\'S^^^:  t.\\W,a  tli.m 

iMi  iiiin^;,  ill  I'jiii'.' 

di.i  lu:,  li)  '.Lv.- , 

JK"  li.ul  i.i:l.  .itciic-.l 

(i:  thf  provi.i  m-, 

ilil.iller  v/hi';li  !i,u| 

!  ■   li.u!   I'car.i  l',!,' 

"  i  Ic's  bl'!b:>T 

nil'  hono'.ir,"   i  >■, 

up,    '•  Cn')  ■.,(:. :\ 

iimr.      I  V. .;l   .;;:.j 

ciiiner  1   i^i.'.'.A  f.c 

my  iif.irt,  iiy  n.r 

j.i   u itli  ilir  voiti- 

more  than  the  imo;L 

llolH'. 

It  tli.it   the  v:\vi\c 

,  ami  was  parriiiL-, 

m'.'ii  were  iail.intly 

l^iiiij  them,     'llii, 

the   ice  re-.iirunieJ 

•i  worle,  the   Ihijb, 

in  mure  d.inj,er  ot 

re.     The  en.  .v:,  uT 

m  more   il.lp^r.ue 

the  h'jars,  a-,  it  ^a'l 

:;-.;  l')ye.i  i.i  ilefenl 

tincli'n   vsiih   their 

.uilleil  wi:h  i'ati^!e.', 

in,    I'roviJeiice,  r  i 

:nil  Ipriing  up,  .iiui 

l^e  al'uiKler,    v. .:'.  .i 

.    cia|)    ii(    tin  iile;-. 

es,    ahnull   iniLun.t- 


nCi 


■.nhers  co.ilcll 


optiieil  lietween  iIh* 
I'iU.s  l)ar[ier  of  CL.n- 


.  learnl 


a;i 


rp.re.RJ  \vi;h  .il.i  i'.a . 
;lie  I)  i.i'.H,  wh..c!i  tli.- 
"  .\iid  11  i.v  (I.e. . 
1  time  to  aihuire  tiie 
1  b  i.iv,  as  it  no  1  .•:- 
e  \.iii'iiis  lii.ipes  i.i 
.'.ireil,  v\ere,  indee ', 
rmariiable  j'iece  d^- 
irge  anil  compitt  ! . 

b'jrthrll  mii^ht  !i.n-; 

lier  uialh     Ano'';'- 
,  i)illai.s  an.i  d  )  n  ■• ; 
I  i",inL;  round  i;  i,  .■: 
\  (trtile  i.iii/i 
leiit  cn')",''i  .   ij:''  .'s 
»M|i'»'  <■'  '.i.  .'     .  . !    ■•: 
I    11     ^  ••  I  lii.  '  ' , 
li.e,      ,    ..;■  ',,;,:■.      ■ 
,  1     1,,.^      ,  '-'.d  'II. 

.,    pilt<    !   I".  .1  II     . 

ii;:  I  ■  .  npinv  .!■■.■., . 

V.'     .1    t'ir\     •IK-.  .  ; 

'IV.'   !■)  an   .1  ,i.iior  .it 

r.  i'.\  eiiii' "JS  obre:v.i- 

■ .  ii.Mi  ol.urv.ition  iic 
.if  J.  ■\  ■  mill.  J  :  lec. 
.  I-,. II'.  i)  i  .-.  nurti  . 
,  t '  I.-  'r;  dej'.  ., ;, 
''»  .1  >•'  ry  liravv  lead 
i;Mti;i  '  j^roundi  ai.;l 
b/ 


F.l'ROPIr..] 


G     U     E    E     N     L    A     N    D. 


59i 


by  a  thermometer  invented  by  IopI  Charles  Cavendiih 
fiir  tlie  piirpole,  louni  die  temprrature  ot  the  water  at 
t!iat  liepdi  to  be  ih  dcu'.  of  I'.ihiciiiKits  thermointter, 
the  ttniperariire  ol  the  air  litiny;  4S  dcjj;.  ami  a  li.ill. 
June  24,  in  iat.  7  ;  deg.  4-1  mm.  a  tire  was  ma  !e  intiie 
I  iliiii  l.ir  the  lirlb  time.  On  the  liilt:  ot'  Jiilv  it  was 
foiind  lo  waim,  that  tiiey  Iat  witliout  a  lire  in  Iat.  78 
d.  ^  I  \  min.  j  ;  i.e.  In  7!)  iIcl*.  o  min.  5a lee.  at  tixir 
ill  ilie  mo'-niii;;,  1  'id  Ch.irles  Caveiidiih'.s  therniuiiietcr 
was  ;i,  tli.it  <ji  liie  air  .1  1  and  a  hair.  .At  two  i.i  tiic 
alteiii  )  11)  at  11.'  ladioiiis  tl.e  water  was  ;  ;  deu;.  and 
I'lree  (juartrrs.  Julv  T'th  the  t:re.i;e!t  luij^ht  ot'  the 
th. !  iioineter  wa.-.  50  deg.  an!  .1  iiall  at  eleven  in  the 
foir;u>);i,  a. id  .it  mi.i.'li^^ht  57  dfg.  in  Ux.  /ij  (l  g.  50 
iiaii.  i  .'111.',.  1  )  de,;.  i  iiiin.  _;q  li.-e.  call.  On  tlic  19th 
<.'i  Aii:Jiilt,  at  eleven  .it  niglir,  an  .i|ipear,incc  of  iluik 
was  oblerved  at  .Smeerenberg.  On  r!ie  I4tli  of  .Sep- 
ie:r.bei-  thus  became  viiiblc.  'i'lie  n^..t  of  a  I!  ir  (lays 
tap'.uiii  i'liipps)  w.is  iio'.v  beco  nc  almoit  as  :;reat  a 
phrnomeiioii  .is  the  !un  at  aiidiii^iit  iiad  i/eea  tv.n 
iivmihs  be;. lie,  wlieii  v\c  lirl't  j;  1:  wiiiiiii  tlie  .'Vi.:tie 
^livle.  1  he  Ikv  w.is  in  _L;eni  ral  loaded  with  hard  white 
tl  .'.I.'-,  ii'.i  .iiv.:  II  tlu;  the  I'.in  and  li'.ii  .'.oa  weie  never 
t  .  :.eiy  clear  ot  ti...-m,  even  in  tiic  i  cireil  wcuher. 
'1  i.e  tiilt  \'enetia".s  wl;o  exploreil  t!;e  r.orthe;n  extre- 
iiiiiy  il  the  E'.irt'pe.n  coiuincnt  were  ltr;:e,v  uidi  tlie 
grca'.elt  all  ini!h:i!e:,t  at  t!ie  continii.il  ajpeaiancc  of 
the  tin  ab  )ve  tlie  iiorizon,  a;.. I  r;!ate  tli.it  tiiey  could 
•inly  ih''iiuMiiih  d.iy  troir.  niylit  by  t!;e  i.illiiicl  of  the 
le.i  (  .  .1,  tt;ii,h  we:it  t  •  rooll  on  Ihore  for  the  Ipace  of 
f'l't  '.  '•■;-.  I'i-i.i  i^j;.;..:i  la  Ic.l  v\  April  i.i.ii,  and 
in  j<;.Li,ry  14.;.  lie  v.  i..  ihip.viecked  under  tlie  [)  d.ii 
ciiv  e.  ,\  biuht  ip,!'aiar.ce  near  die  lioriznn  w.is  al- 
v.us  ;'cr  i  ri  ..!  '■>  i".;iii,  the  appiouli  of  ii.e ;  and 
t!-.  the  I  ;;  •i'.  Ciilai  i:;e  [K\..k  ci  l.he  ice.  And  the 
lai.r  IIP'-,     i.e  was  I'c' n  on  Ci|  "ain  Co(jk':.  vovatje 


I  '.vu  :.. 


Il 


1 


I 
*.. ; 

W.l 

K    tl     •• 

un.l  di.i 


I. 


:lr.-  lu,  ;h  ]•  le  iii  177  ;  .'.nd  17/4.  Dr.  Irving 
,'  c  "e  s.T.r.'iiy  ot  u  c  on  board  the  R.ice- 
,  .1  e  •  1'  me  iiioll  d.;  iile  cold  ice  he  eouli 
4  i:ii'iRTi-.\i  111  I'l.ia-  wMter,  therm. iiucier  m. 
uii  parts  liiiiiv  '.iiider  llie  liirta'-e  of  the 
I.I  11,  .l.^■,  I  III  pro  t,  il  b..ielv  lio  :ud  :  i;i 
ijrr.s  CI  V  i'le  it  icll  to  the  bjttum  at  once, 
iitii  i:;i.:iei;;..;c!y. 


14   -h' 


1 


"Al  lis  c  'Unnv  \\v.  c.ilh  .1  (jieenland  by  Sir  Hugh 
Will'  u.  !div,  v,i;:i  liiii-'uired  it  in  155;.     Itat- 


terv., 

;d. 

i-    IVid    111 

>;i\  tie   nuteh   the    ai-'jiclLition    of 

.Spi.. 

■"'^  ""-> 

n,    wii:>  h 

!'.,'ii  .'■'•    :'<:  '■' [)    m:'"iu,i!.ih.      'riif 

wi:  1 

■   of' 

its   b,n;,ui 

.rirs  a;.-    11  1:    Unnva.      1  lowever, 

(III  tile  Well  it  has  tiie  m.it'iem  oic.m  ;  o.i  tlie  louth  the 
la. lie  n-.iii  between  ihi.;  anil  the  Kiidi.in  Lapland,  and 
the  n  ■rtier:;nioll  part  of  Norw.iv,  tiver-'injinll  wiiich 
it  li'S ;  on  tlie  call  it  h.ii  an  iindii'eovercd  country,  to 
V 111,  11  it  is  jo.'h.-d  ''v>'  ,\n  i;,iiniiis,  On  the  welt  fide  of 
SpK.'lifipen  lies  Ciurles  illaiid,  wiiicii  is  tlivided  from 
t'le  m.iin  l.ind  by  .n  n.irrow  itrait  called  l-'oreland  1  '  ri.1 ; 
bitweeii  wiiich,  and  iMiilck-l  laun,  are  the  lii;hell 
inoiintains,  tivill  of  wliicli  aie  o!  a  red  colour,  and  re- 
l:re>  the  Inn'.',  iieanis  lo  .is  t)  fcem  ail  on  lire:  but  fe- 
ven  i/f  tie  m  lui'.t.iin.,  all  of  remarkable  lliarpnefs,  are 
o;  .1  ii;ie  Iky  iiiuc.  .Souili  I  Liven  is  tlie  irill  com- 
11 1  iii.tis  pl.ice  on  tiie  ill.in.l,  atlording  all  the  conve- 
f.i'  '-eir;.  iieieliaiy  i"V  lep.iaiiig  leaky  or  ibniapvcl  lliips ; 
and  i>  fo  large  that  ;  5  or  40  tail  may  ride  at  aiuiior 
till  le  \ery  convetiiend\  :  here  alio  may  be  h.id  fieili 
w.itvT,  tiMiil  the  ii.eiu.^:;  ot  the  ihow  ;  for  as  to  the 
rivci  '.iiey  arc  braikilli,  as  l.r  .is  hitherto  they  h.ive 
liten  dllldvercdi  and  no  Iprinj'.s  or  wells  have  yet  been 
fo'iad.  The  nioiint.ins  ab  jut  South  Haven  are  very 
liiidi,  elpeciallv  on   tiie  leli ;  and  in  the  mi  111  of  ti.e 


1  iliiiur  IS  .-.n  I 


1 
luch 


find 


1) 


eail-man  s 


III 


llkl 


)ccauie 


he  in  the  voy.igi;  a:c  ufuaiiy  buiicu  iheie. 


The  next  capacious  haven  is  that  called  by  liie  Dutcli 
Maurice  U.iy,  where  fime  of  them  hive  wiritired: 
near  this  pl.u  e  are  a  lew  crttager..  built  by  tlu'  I.>uieli 
lor  the  (onviiiience  of  making  tin  .r  .;il ;  and  iliis  plajc 
tilt  y  call  SmearbiiriT;,  or  .SmeaiingLiir'',  or  the  Hacr- 
Ic  III  Cool  ry.  In  (he  norili  bay  there  i.i  an  id.ind 
c.illed  Vogel-San»  by  tlie  Djtch,  (1.  e.  liird-.Song) 
ti"m  the  great  node  wh;.  li  the  fi.vls  make  when  tlicy 
t.ike  their  Hij/ht.  Dcei  ^'.Uind  i.-.  f)  called  from  the 
aliiin. lance  (li  I  leer  which  feed  ..'jout  it,  t!i  iu..m)  the 
f'il  kems  to  be  all  llates  lit  edge- ways.  r.li.l',.le- 
1  l..ven  lies  at  the  irouth  of  the  W'.ivgate,  to  the  noitli 
ot  wnicli,  'Vl.ittens  lays,  he  l.iiled  ti  Si  degrees,  and 
law  liven  ill.inds,  but  could  nut  ap/proacli  ihem  bccaufc 
ot  tlu  ice  i  the  lo^veil  p.irt  of  tiiat  country  lies  abuiiC 
this  hirbour.  Tiie  \'v'.ngarr  meiiriotiei.1  hei'c  mull  not 
be  niilL.kin  fir  the  famous  llrait  of  that  name,  wi,i..ii 
lie,  b.tween  Xov.i  Zenibla  aiul  t:  e  iiiiin  Ian. I  (f  Sa- 
iiioieda.  \\  aygate  lure  mr^nc  is  a  .'larbour,  it  \'-\:'v:h 
t:ie  IJutcli  voy.i_,ers  f.is  tiirv  .iv):i  ■'.  i...ow  whetlu  r  i";;'.'es 
thi''ugh  the  coui.tiy.  1  i;cy  call  it  b'.'  tiiis  name  be- 
caui'c  of  the  winds  whieii  iVctjueaiiy  ol.nv  there  ;  and 
i.bout  this  pla  e,  the.  I.iy-  'v  ciaiiV  is  1  i-v,  an.i 
adorned  witli  fm.iil  Imij,  iiiciiel.l  '.  ii'tuiir  i^  lo  i.dl- 
ed  becaufe  it  aboun.'.s  withd^er.  .\!  \  irivi  kree'ii  ui's 
Inlec  (called  by  the  Uutcli  Waiaa  1  liy.iKn's  F.itr)  is 
the  large  mo  jtli  ot'a  ^i^■er,  vsiikh  is  n  ;".  yet  il.icov.-red. 
'I'nc  vovi;^eri  mention  alio  riiel:.;":''  li,  Dani:!;,  iiim- 
barg,  and  i\l.ii'dalen  H.'.ven.j  .■••,•!.  one  caii-  I  the 
Hay  of  Lu'.'c,  but  nit  io  diliiiiii^'y  as  to  er..ble  us  to 
liivlge  whetiier  they  .ire  'liff. r.iit  from  tliofe  a,.'eady 
me.'itioued,  with  Dut.  h  or  {■'.Arj.  '1  names.  Bell-Har- 
bour, on  the  ise'l^rn  c.-ail  of  ihi>  co'.-ntry,  is  the  jilaee 
where,  in  the  year  i6,.jO,  eight  fc'.nglilh  failors  '..iii- 
tered,  and  fulfere.l  very  great  h.irdliiips  duiiiig  liine 
'iionths  iind  twt  Ive  day.^,  the  iinj'.ilar  circnnnlances  of 


wlucli  will  be 


leafter  related. 


I'l'-ie 
tell.  ..  I.'-.- 
tioi     II 
by  tlh 


par;iculus  are  con.irir.ed  by  :lie  concurrent 
s  of  m-ill  voyagers,  pre\  ious  t.)  the  cxiiedi- 
I  coinmodorc  I'hipp.s.  The  accou.nt  gueii 
•  er  of  that  voy.ige  coriobora'.'i  what  iliey 
hive  laid,  iind  adds  f)me  new  particulars  v. hicli  we  lliall 
tianlcrioe.  "  Tliis  country  (f'ys  the  juurnaiiil)  is 
llony,  and,  as  far  as  can  be  fern,  full  of  mountains, 
precipices  and  rocks.  Between  thefc  are  hill,  'if  ice, 
genri.ired,  as  it  appe.'.r-,  by  torrents  thit  il  )w  tro.u  the 
meking  of  the  Inow  on  tiic  fides  of  th  !e  to\veriag  ele- 
vations, which  being  oikc  congealeJ.  are  ontiaaaliy 
en.realed  by  the  liiow  in  winter,  and  the  rain  'n  f iin- 
lae:,  winch  often  free;\s  as  loan  as  it  fills.  >jy  look- 
ing on  tliefe  hills  a  llrauger  may  fancy  a  ih'jufan.l  dif- 
ferent llia]-es  of  trees,  cillk:':,  cliurches,  ruicis,  lliips, 
whales,  m.i.allcrs,  and  ail  the  various  f.-rnis  tliat  tiil 
the  uiiiverfe.  Of  the  ice  hiils  there  are  [even  t.h.it  more 
particularly  attract  t'le  notice  of  llrangers.  Tlielc  are 
known  by  the  iiaaie  of  the  Seven  I  ebcig.,  and  are 
tliought  to  be  the  highell  of  the  ki.id  in  tiiat  country. 
When  the  air  is  cle.\r,  and  the  i-  .  Iliines  lull  upon 
thefe  mountains,  the  profpect  is  inc  :;ceivably  briliiant. 
Ihey  fometunes  put  on  the  liright  gkiw  of  the  evening 
nys  of  the  letting,  fun  when  relieeted  upon  glals  at  its 
..:'iing  down:  fometimes  they  aj.pear  of  a  bright  blu» 
like  laii'liire,  an.l  loiiieti;i:es  liuc  the  v.u'i.dile  colours 
of  a  [irilm,  exceeding  in  lullre  the  richell  gems  in  the 
workl,  difpoleel  in  liiapes  wonderful  to  behold,  .ill 
glittering  with  lullre  that  d.i'/.'.ies  tiie  eye,  and  tills 
tiie  air  with  .illonilliing  biiglitnels." 

When  every  oivect  is  new,  it  is  not  eafy  fir  a  flranger 
to  fix  on  whiili  fuii  to  .idmire.  I'lie  roeks  are  lliilx- 
ing  objects :  bef  ne  a  llorm  they  exhibit  a  liery  appe.ir- 
ance,  and  the  fun  looks  pale  u[)oii  them,  tlie  fnow  giv- 
ing the  air  .1  bright  rcHectioii.  Tliclr  lunin-iits  are  al- 
tiiolt  always  involved  in  clouds,  lo  tii..t  it  .s  bat  jult 
pofTible  to  lee  the  tops  of  them.  Some  of  theie  rocks 
are  but  one  ilonc  from  tup  to  bottom,  a[.pc,iiing  like 
an  oM  decayed  ruin.  Others  coiilill  ot  luiae  iiialTes, 
veined  dilfeiently  like  niaible,  with  rcJ,'  white  and  ycl- 


lo 


ibablv, 


:::<:  tlicy  to  be  lav 


lid  poiili 


H    It, 


I        1 


if 


594        A  XIAV,  KOVAl.  and  Al!  rUl'.N  llC  SV.STl  M  nv  UNIVFUSAL  GEOGR.vrHY, 


fd,  wrtulil  equal,  if  nit  excel,  tin*  (inert  l';;vptian  i;i.'.r 
bit-  we  now  I'd  iniirh  aiiinirc*.  I'erli.ip.'-  ilu'  lilll.ir.ie  .ukI 
H.in'.'tT  of'  lairvinp;  lirge  [blocks  i>t  tlone  irMv  bt-  the 
realon  tint  no  truU  li.ive  been  iVi.ulf  to  ni;iniit',n.Tiire 
them.  On  the  li.nitherly  an.i  wellerly  fuiis  ut  iholc 
rocks  gr.iw  all  the  pl.ints,  herbs  an  1  niolVcs  peciili.ir  to 
this  Cciuntry.  On  the  northerly  anJ  eallerly  fules  the 
winil  (hikes  lo  c"!.!  w!ien  ir  blows  lr(>m  thete  onarrers 
till'.  ;:  peiilhc'j  e;  ;rv  !Ji\i  (<''  vei;et.i.h\-.  Tliele  pi.iius 
prnv.  to  perlciflion  in  a  verv  iliort  tune.  'I'ill  the  iniil- 
('le  I'f  May  the  whole  ciniiirry  isloekiil  up  in  ire;  in 
th'-  beginning  of  Jiily  the  j  lants  aie  in  ll  )\\ei,  and 
aboiii  the  latter  mil  of  the  fame  month,  or  tlif  tn'pjn  ■ 
nirf^  of  Aii;',ii(l,  they  iiave  pertircled  their  leeJ.  'I'lie 
earth  owes  its  fertility,  in  a  great  nvMl'iTe,  to  the  <l::nt; 
of  birJf,  who  biiil.l  ant'  breetl  their  youni;;  here  in  the 
jlimnicr,  and  in  the  winter  rciiie  tj  iivuc  (.ivourable 
cliiia'rs. 

T!;e  toiks  apii  precipires  are  (till  of  I'.li'ires  ar^J 
cl.-tts,  which  aiV^r^l  convenient  h  irSioiir  tor  birits  to  l.^y 
their  e;:;!S  -inil  breed  tl.eir  >o;.m:l;  in  lale'V.  iNh/i!  I'l 
thd'e  birds  are  water  fiwls,  ai;d  lii.k  their  fiiod  in  llii 
fca  :  (ome,  indeed,  are  birds  of  prey,  and  piirU;e  ;.nd 
kill  otiiers  for  their  own  ailllann-,  Imi  thele  are  rar.'; 
the  wattr-towl  eat  Ibonr;  and  filliy,  and  tiuir  far  is  ii'.t 
to  be  eiuiiired.  'I  hev  arc  I'o  niuneroi.'s  abort  riie  rock.s 
as  ('omeiiiiu-s  to  daiken  the  .dr  when  they  rile  i.i  i;  .,  Ls  j 
an-l  tlie\  lliriek  fi)  h'/rridly  that  the  rot  lo  ncho  v.rli 
their  noile. 

The  air  about  Spi::-ber2'"!i  i-  at  no  tin;;'  i):i  !..  ■••ri..m 
icicles:  if  yo'.i  look  throiii  'i  tlie  fun  beaiii>  ti.n  ixrkly 
as  you  (it  in  t!ie  (hade,  or  v  ii  re  vo'.i  (ie  t!ie  rays  con- 
fined in  a  b'dy,  in(iead  oiilark  motes  as  aie  (een  here, 
you  behtdd  myriads  of  (hinin^;  particles  tliit  Ipan-^le 
like  diaiTiond- 1  and  when  t.he  ('m:i  (hines  iioi,  as  ir 
fomttimes  d-.'es  i'l  as  t)  melt  tlic  tar  in  tlie  I'eanis  ot 
fhips,  wlicn  they  lie  (liehering  from  t!ie  wir.d,  tliele 
fh'nip:.  atoms  appear  to  nick  away,  and  dclceiid  Lkc 
dc\s . 

It  H  feld  !;;i  that  tlie  air  cr.n;inucs  clear  for  aiany  days 
together  in  this  ciimate,  b'lt  when  that  happens  tlie 
whalers  are  ,f;-  neraliy  liicccfsful.  There  is  no  difVcrence 
between  nii;!!'.  and  dity  ir.  the  ajipearanre  <d  thr  atiiul- 
phere  ab'.iic  Spitzber  -en,  one  being  as  lit;lit  as  the 
other  J  or^ly  when  the  :■.  n  is  to  the  northw.'.rd  you  :r.ay 
lo)k  at  !ii;n  with  the  n.  k  -d  eye,  as  at  the  moon,  with- 
out daz/ling.  The  io'^-  lere  come  on  (o  luddenlv  that 
from  briyhc  fun-lhiiie  you  ;ire  pr.-lentiv  cnvcl.iped  in 
fuch  c.b'.cutity,  tiiat  you  can  hardly  lee  Irom  one  end  of 
the  li.ip  to  the  other. 

The  coki  here  is  aenerally  very  intenle,  b'.'t  in  the 
extremity  of  winter  it  i->  intolerable,  paiti'.ularly  vd-.'-n 
the  wind  blows  from  t!ie  north  or  the  call.  The  air  is 
tolerably  calm  ii'.;ri;iir  the  month  of  June,  Julv,  and 
Augud  i  not  but  the  wintU  (iime'imes  bl'.'w  in-  redioly 
cold  even  at  this  iea(()n,  and  the  frolt  contiinrs  without 
intcrmiiri-n.  'I'he  ("ea-water  here  is  lefs  (alt  than  in 
I'outhcily  climates,  anil  chantres  its  colour  with  the  Iky, 
that  is  ill  a  clear  air  it  appears  blue,  vvhcn  die  atmof- 
p.here  is  ovcrcal^  with  clouds  't  (ceins  green,  duri/i^;  Ctv^ 
it  i>  yellow,  anil  ipiitc  black  in  (lormv  weather. 

'I'he  dm  ufually  appears  in  this  country  about  the  be 
pinning  of  f-tb  nary,  and  dila|ipcars  abuut  the  lird  ol 
Odober.  brom  .\1  ly  to  Atijrill  lie  continues  uiiove 
the  horiz'in  w'ithout  letting,  and  then  the  ni.:',ht  ami  d.iy 
are  didni'iiiilhaiile  only  by  his  ajipearin.^  eidier  in  tlie 
ciflern  ■  r  wtfl'-rn  parts  of  the  jif-avens.  The  fice  of 
t  lis  c-/uri:ry  e.'diibit^  Icarce  any  thing  but  ru;'-"ed  r.)i  k:, 
iind  barren  niountaiiis  th.it  rile  into  the  clouds,  ur  valius 
choaked  i:p  with  (b)nes  and  ice  that  fall  from  thole 
mountain';.  Ab'iut  Drer  Sained  at'.d  Mulde  i  burn  .'ire 
(ome  drtai  ii'  ll  piei  es  nl  low  Im  I  ,  whii  h  are  ufually  co- 
vered with  (now  ,  bit  in  a  titie  liiiiTiur,  when  tli.it  di 
(olvps,  a  coat  of  lieath  or  iii'd's  is  leui  interfj-.c-rl'-u 
wi:K  a  few  plant?.  No  fpri;,-',  have  bien  fiuml  h  re, 
an' il:r  riven  aic  all  br.ickiii, ,  but  tliele  inconveni  n- 
i  !•  s  ai.-  reionipcncvd  by  the  tfreat  pknry  of  liww- 
•siter,   whivh  s  a"  o  xe  heulililul  a.id  pltakiiic. 


I'he  vcfTCtables  of  S]<it/ber^rPn  are,  excellent  fctirvy. 
gral.,  firrel,  wild  K  ttiice,  (nakeroi  t,  (ground  ivy, 
hearts-eale,  linvworth,  (ea  bu^dol''.,  wild  (trawlieriies, 
wall  p,  pper,  and  houteleek.  "  rhtle(rav.s  a  learned 
autii  'r)  are  co:ilider<d  as  eli'VkiUial  r.-mei)iei  lupnlied 
by  ih.e  hand  c  i  I'rovidcnce  for  the  cure  of  the  (lurvy, 
and  other  dile.iie-,  inciieiu  to  ih.ili;  who  vearlv  vifit  this 


:nitry.     'I'he    ('ciirvy-^ 
rii  cliiPi.'.tes,  has  lu 


here,    as   in 

;'un;,'encv  to  the 


I  he  att  u  iv 
the  pi-'..: 
aptciiis    i: 


1\ 

lioi 


'  n.-, 


in  Ik 

I, 


null  I 


inhoipit  ili'e    I. 
miny  ot!.'.  ;■  n> 

taile,  but  is  i,,i|.i,  <'ratcfiil  to  ti.e  j  .late,  and  fiirh 
an  ixcflkni  .mn  I  •oibuiic,  tk.it  t.k"  I'vii  m  term  it  t!:e 
"  (lilt  of  (ii.  ;."  ;M;hoii;  h  the  (hips  iinplovcd  in  th>: 
wli.de  il'l'.-rv  au-,  o.  all  otlier.s,  the  bell  liipplieil  with 
pcod  pr -.f.'.uns  a.d  ple.:ty  of  freOi  water,  yet  tli'- 
in.iriici:.  ;iie  in  the;'<:  iiort!;e;n  lat;ti;des  nu.'ch  im-rc 
liibie;t  to  the  f  .■.-i^urvy  than  in  any  loutliern  voya;;e. 
f  '.'le  III  :i.idy  is  lure  r...jrc  liidden,  and 
1,1  i:  moie  Lipid.  1  he  p.itient  fetls  is 
re..;,:  ,is  I.e  .advances  ne.ir  the  pole;  nor 
le  cii.ov  t  e  lead  alieviation  '■•.■.v\]  tlie  wnihi  r 
live  :!i  ci'  July,  wliiih  ii  veiy  moderate, 
like  ..,,ly  nVelin;  ti  ;i  c  :  wui'.'  r.  Tiien 
tic  l(urvy.<^r.r;s  ip|ii-ari  n  j  lent;,  .;;.  .i;;  intaliilde  cure, 
.li.d  pel  I  Hills  woi.ders,  rcll.)l.nL>,  in  .1  dw  d.iy-,  to 
lual'.ii  .:  .  i  vii'.rar,  thole  wk  .  weie  lit  ii.ii'-Iy  in  the 
i.ili  It.i"  •  ol  die  dilb'iiiper. 

1  ne  u  ki  r  \e(;etable  prcdt  .di  r.r  ( 1  this  country  are, 
l"!  ;■;;■.,  i.ili;!,  ikind.  lii'ii,  iii. -irf-.n  h-.ath,  la.\i- 
!....  .-,  d  ..!i:- .vii!,/.v,  i\c.  but  aii  ..:  I:::  til  and  (luntetl 
I,:  i:kii  i.oiwtli,  tiie  natural  c(.:.lu;!ie.-,ce  ot  a  fcanty 
C'll    m'  ic  f_'ine'i:  (l;y. 

ri'i.ie  ..,  :.n  a  juatic  vegetable  |  ecuiiar  to  this  coiiiitiy 
e.ilkd  the  rock  pkuifi  ti.i  ka\eb  are /i.aptd  like  a  man's 
toiyue,  about  fi.'i  fiet  I.a.;,  (f  a  dull  yellow  colour,  the 
(talk  is  round  .ir.d  Uthuuu,  ..nd  i>t  the  I.. me  c<  lour  with 
the  lial,  11  ri\:>  taperiii;',  af.l  linclls  like  mu(  les.  It 
grows  in  ihe  water,  ai;  1  ii;e.,  in  heij^ht  in  proportion 
to  t.ic  dep'di  oi  w.ir.T  m  v..,;i;i  it  is  louiul. 

In  the  yi.ir  17,-7  a  tooinlaiid  c.ptain  bnnudit  to 
]-'|-..dand  Irveiv'i  i  lei  es  of  l;  ill,  w.hi.h  lie  fouiuracci- 
d',:i!.illy  in  a  hunting  excuilii.n  among  the  rocks  of 
Spitzbergcn.  'I'liii '.ii.coveiy,  howevw,  was  r.ot  pro- 
I'ccutid.  AkibaUer,  .Stleniu-s,  and  I  .apis  ^ipicularis 
are  f.u.-.-l  i'er.- ;  .;:;.l  r.,.:uia;ilU  corijicUirc  that  the 
country  abour.ds  in  iion  lae. 

b'ew  land- birds  are  k":;i  tliis  country,  e'.'.ept  par- 
tridges, a  few  birds  of  the  f.iipe  kind,  lome  1  n.dl  birds 
that,  even  in  tli;s  dreary  liimate,  .onutiinis  waiiiie 
i»etrly,  tiie  Ihowbird  and  the  icc-liri;  the  i-Ucr  is  a 
in„iil  but  Nery  beautiT.:!  L.rd  ;  in  fize  ar.d  (l;.i;-e  it  re- 
lenil'les  the  tt;;t!e-d  A'e,  but  the  pluiiiai/e  when  the  (11.1 


fl.ines  iipco 


rill!'  in  the 
lo... 


ii  Ol  a  tir..i;L  yillow,  like  the  L;;.'iJca 
'■Lk'-.  i..il,  a.'id  .iIukjII  da'.:^.!cs  the  eye  to 


II,, 


I'he  tiiecnk'.nd  f  \  c.k^' 
tliiMC  we  are  .icip.iak.'ed  >'  ik 
fiiriilitude,  lor  lix  body  ;■.  v 
loxe-,  art  ii^n  here  in  j^rcit 
I'wil'-,  and  \erv  lubrile ;  To 


:■    Iv.t  lltde  in  f-.ap.e  fr.  ni 

i  !:ut  in  loioui  t..eie  i>  ii) 

.::e  and  the  ke.nl  is  black. 

pivnty  ;  tiiey  ar.-  excccoir,; 

.    --  ,  -- .  ,  -  -  -  ;at  it  is  a  liilkr  i.lt  tiiatier  to 

catch  ri'.em.  1  he  author  of  commo.lore  I'iupiis  s  voy- 
ape  lav.,  "  '1  lie  Putili  Ir.iiuen  rtjoit,  tiiat  when  tkev 
(till  ft.ses',  are  l:u;iL;ry,  liiey  will  fi  i;^;n  theml'elvcs  de  : ', 
and  wliLii  li.e  r  ivenous  biiii..  I  uir.e  to  Iced  on  them,  t:  iV 
rile  and  niake  tiicni  their  [  rty." 

Till-  deer  ol  tai.)  cin:ntiy  are  larp,e,  .-'ny  a."..i  ihv  m-, 
v.iki  brai)c:iii>.:  horns,  (hurt  tails  and  l.i.iw  ^,■\^,,  [  j  i...- 
tleiii  of  an  .uk.-iiialde  Ikivour ;  iin  I,  in  liie  U:ir.uii-r 
liMlon,  tkey  arc  txceedsn.'.  fit,  which  is  owiiiij;  to  ll  <  ir 
Ik'-iiiii;;  on  t:  :  '.■',:<i-  111. k^:  ihii  n  .fiial  (lore  cfkit  ;■.!- 
allies  tliem  1 1  lublid  dm inp,  the  v.intir;  i:'..i;iy  oi  tluin 
a'e,  kowever,  llarvcd  toi!c;'h  ;  and  all  in  {.eneral  ajiprar 
»i-y  tkiii  an  1  ii-ea:  re  in  tk  Urine.  On  tliis  (ci.ih'u 
I  1>.,  ltd  r  ntkiii..n  lavs,  "In  all  prob.^liiiity  il.ile 
anim  ,b  lleip  in  ciscrrs  duknp,  winter  iilce  ttie  bi-ari  Ui 
N'orvav.  l'ci-.ri;  s  the  abun  lance  of  popjivs  in  this 
(otiiitiv  may  d  :,  ;c  them  to  a  Ictharpy,  whiih  i-ems 
ncjilk.ry  (or  th  r  jjTelervatr.-n,  ;'.s  little  it  no  nourilii- 
tneiii  i.>  reuuirtd  Icr  animai-j  tlia:  .lavc  no  cxerci.'e,  and  a 

Ui.i^u:.! 


W: 


R.WUY. 

,  fxctllent (curvy. 

rc-t,    groumi  iv)', 

v-M   (tniw'bfnit-?, 

It-  (l;ivs  ;l  It.irnrd 

v'tu:  ot  tlic  (liirvy, 
iio  UM'ly  vil'it  tliis 
;'i.!S  liiTf,  as  ill 
>  ;'iin;,'t'ncy  to  the 

1  >l:i!f,  and  lircli 
I..  I  (II  tcrni  it  t!;i.' 
pN  vinplovrd  in  tin; 

IhI!  liinjilicil  witli 
111  uatirr,  yet  tli-- 
;ti:ufs  nii.'ch  m<irc 
y  l.):itlicrn  voya-;i'. 
lii.irc  liitiiiin,  ai'il 
lie  I'.uit-nt  (cilb  i'.i 
m.ir  riir  poii';  nor 

!;;rii  tlif  wliiIkt 
h  N  very  inockr.it-.', 
v>'W.T.  Tlirii 
;;  int.ilii.';lt  cnrf, 
.1  liw  li.iy,,  10 
t(  :i  !!'-Iy   ill  tlic 

rl.ii  c.iwifry  are, 
^:n'''ii  I,'. .it'',    |.ixi- 
l::;iii  jnl  (liinti-J 
cjtxr.cc  oi  a  llanty 

iiiiir  to  tliis  couiitiy 
n;.i[)itl  lil.i  ,1  mail's 
II  yellow  colour,  the 
If  I. line  c<  liiiir  with 
N  liki-  mill  Irs.  It 
icigiit  in  jirojiortiun 
louiul. 

cipiuiii  liniu^;ht  to 
i'.h  lif  (ouiul  acci- 
nong  the  rocks  of 
rvi ',  was  licit  pro- 
Ill  1  ..ipis  SjJiciilaris 
:o;iii.i.Luie   liuc   the 


\      :. 


■    111 


I  ■'■M 


I'uitry,  tTiTjit  pnr- 
id,  lomc  l.nall  birJs 
,  .'onii'tinii's  waiiilc 
!  ir  1 ;  the  i..itir  is  a 
ze  iii.d  ll:a|/c  it  rr- 
laii.i^c  wlit-ii  the  lii.i 
!o.\,  like  the  l;"IJcii 
i\  ila;:i!cs  the  eve  to 


I  ■;(! 


lifil?  in  fi.ijx'  fr.  Ill 
in  L.i.oui  t..eie  i>  ii  > 
ui  the  i.c.!(i  is  lilac!;. 
i  tiicy  ar.-  exjcc(:ir,> 
I  a  iJilfii  I, it  tiia'.ter  to 
10. 'ore  I'iiij'ps  ,1  voy- 
[  01 1,  tiiat  when  rl  (  v 
r^n  thciTirt-lvc^  i.k  ', 
;o  IwcJ  OI.  tliciii,  i;  v7 

\v,  7r(  y  a:-,.l  ilii"  'v, 
kI  Ihi;'  c.'i'>.  1  leir 
III  1,  ill  tin;  Uin',i:icr 
ic'i  Is  owiii^',  to  ll  ',  :r 
.I'lLil  (lortclLt  ;;i- 
iiti  r  i  ir.a.ny  ol  tlu  in 
;l  .ill  inyneral.ipprar 
-.  On  tliis  (  ccilinn 
.ill  I'n'b.iliility  il.iii; 
Iter  like  tlie  brari  iii 
:  oi  |ji  jij  ivs  in  this 
tharpy,  wiiith  i-cnu 
!;t;le  i  r  no  iiniiiiiii- 
ivc  no  cxercife,  anil  a 

i.uit:tii'.i 


u; 


•i^  J 


4h' 


:'11 


('  ■  .1 


i  It- 


y. 


lanj^iiil  tirctil 
human  ciL-mii 
tiiorj  ll  If),  am 
Tl\c  brurs 
h'lll.y  miniirr 

<(;iini.l  tii.ic  vv 
ykl.iccl  ail  hi 
arc  rrrmi'.l  w. 
fllilii;c  elm  I'.y 
been  lircn  ni-.i 
bfar  is  attai ! 
conipar.ions, 
to  his  allillaiv 
killed  ratiur 
wiiicii  a'r;uiii 
ln«s  Will  t:\Z 
CTe.iv.irc'.  arc 
fr,.j;i'.;rjy  vci 
h.ivi-  bttn  ki 
h<>.\r.\  i.iii'r  VI 
tiuy  luinciiini 
'I'lu-y  are  attai 
at  bay,  rilir  i 
the  laiifi  s  III 

Cd  WItilOilC  ilTI 

nudiiallv,  aiu 

rn-ii",  liivf  lii 

Here  aif  i 

a-  are  tini.ni 

and  fial:',  h.i 

Dffi>-ipt  (}•  r.l 
lliu'c  hijii 

TIIF,   tn 
iliticrs 
having  n  )  tec 
iijipcr  |aw  .»r( 
cliff'  r-;it    lii.i 

IWl-KC     It  .'i 

jrrovMiv^  \:.u\ 
Vfitt-.l,  the 
pOhll  \.       I  I 
blui>  -   ..t   &.. 
tliri;;  icrvf  -A- 

lliiii. .;■"',  [ra 
(jf,  a'  .1,  iiir 
hv.v ,  next  r( 
n'.S..c  a  dill 
invrc  nrcelVn 
wh \W\  buJv 
f(J')'  witic. 
whoit  both', 
coiilktcriiit',  il 
ii  inr'e  I  with  I 

t•.ll^,    .i[  jic.ir, 

that  ihry  rin 
mit  of  a  iini 
lart',c  ()ri^c(.■s 
thiiii  ,1  lliari' 
tv.'o  ['.ipi  s,  li 
tlif.  luii'.'.i.iy; 
ail  I  wiiicli  is 
<|uai.uiy,  iini 
Lii^M/ ,   '.a  lo 
j>.i.-r.,  a:ul  u 
h:)n:b  arc   li 
inlKa.i  lA  i., 
jHjioiis,  and 
(jiii','.'  ri-il.     I 
bull,   illixe;! 
!c:lil,_  bccauk 
The  fat  is  II 
ij!UiU';e  <.['.)•■< 
tl.c  Lul,    'Ailtl 
ia  guided   bv 


o^ 


N 


•J-. 


y. 


N 


^ 


-c 


•j: 


rt'ii,' 


rN^ 


X 


'*"^' 


r.L'ROPH.] 


C.     R     l'.     IZ     N     1.    A     N     P. 


59f 


Ianj;(ilvl  circulation."  Tliefi:  Ji'er  ily  at  the  fij^lit  of  .1 
hrinian  cifaiuiT,  lict  iinnK-di.itcly  ll.)p  when  tlu-ir  piir- 
liRTs  ('»;),  and  lli.ii  art-  Ihoi  v.ir.i  (.ilinty. 

Tlif  brurs  hi  re  havi:  loir',  liiotiis,  ami  b.irk  in  a 
hi!!.y  miniur,  like  il  i'j;'i  tli.u  an-  hoarlf.  'I'hc-y  are 
l.ij^i-,  white,  Umii,  Iwifr,  aiul  ti'.Tie.  Sinix- have  lircn 
(iiiinJ  ti.U  were  hx  Itet  hij^h,  auj  four  l'>n^',  wliicii 
)ii.;.ici.i  r.ii  hu:i  ireil  wei^lit  of  fit.  The  larj^elt  kiiul 
arc  rrrmcd  ^.r.ir  hi  at'.,  hrcaiile  tlirv  arc  tond  ot  fub 
fiilini;  ciin  I'.y  on  tlie  iTftdiiclioiis  of  tl-.e  lea,  and  hive 
hci'ii  Iccn  near  fwenty  niil'-s  froin  the  lliore.  When  a 
bear  is  .itrai  kt  1  lie  m.ike')  a  dre.iKui  iDarinf/,  and  hi-, 
riiinpar.ions,  wil.)  are  witiiiri  hi-.trintj,  iilimedi.itely  lun 
to  his  alillance.  A  llie  lir.ir  will  fn'ilT  hcrfell  to  be 
l;ilied  ratiur  ihiin  .ib.mdon  her  nibs  j  notwitlill.nding 
winch  a'r;uhiiviK,  wiicn  a  bear  is  found  drad,  liis  fi  1- 
Iriws  will  t.it  hini  without  t!;;-  leatt  feniple.  'Ih.!- 
creature!  are  I)  lli|itilafed  vviih  luinfrrr,  th.it  they  will 
fr. jiRiitly  venture  to  a'.iatk  wh  >le  armed  crews;  and 
liavL-  l)een  ka'iVMi  to  u'v:  the  w.iter,  and  attempt  m 
l)'),ir.i  i.iii'e  velleis.  'I'iiev  are  lo  teiruious  ol  life  ihat 
tiuy  fuinetiines  ilcape  witli  many  ili<itsin  their  hndas. 
They  are. ittackid  with  innlkcts  and  i  mces  ;  and,  when 
at  b.iy,  rili:  on  their  liiiid  lei.',5,  and  heo'ieiitly  break 
tlie  laiic-s  'A  thi  aii'.iil.iiits  i  i'j  that  they  are  not  ailauit- 
ed  withuut  imni:,unt  d.inger.  1  hey  take  to  the  water 
luKMialle,  ami  |.  iiietinu'-,  when  attacked  in  that  eie- 
ni  ii'i  i!ive  lii<e  an  otr<r. 

Here  are  inniiiiierahle  l\^arms  of  watrr-fiwl,  hicli 
a-  are  tommon  to  ail  the  nnrihrm  cuunUiCSol  Lurope ; 
and  llal',  Itadmrle',  whales,  ^ic. 

D'fiript.cv.  r,f  thf  li'jfrrent  f/iraes  nf  ihnfr  rnormoui  Ma- 
ffif  M  ■<l;l'r^  (Liiled  Whales,  uiit/i  the  v:ude  of  the 
W'kdlc  hij'icy. 

TIIF.  tr  K-  lirne  Cirwnland,  nr  whalebone  wh.i'.r, 
ditiers  tr  ip.i  the  re!l  of  the  tilli  lo  cahed,  by  his 
liiving  n  )  teelhi  initead  of  whieii,  on  each  lide  ot  the 
upper  law  .»rov■^  tlu-  vshaiebone,  intinii  or  live  hiiiuired 
diif  r-;it  biali's,  m  e:|iial  ilillancts,  fo.ne  exceeding 
twelve  It  .t  in  ic'  ,:tii,  and  .1  loot  liroad  at  bv.itoiii, 
{'rovMii";  can  'w  ujAvards,  like  the  III  ks  ot  ,1  fm  in- 
verte  i,  the  ut^ril  of  rhem  weighing  about  tweiuy 
ponn  's.  I  It- 1  ii  rra  's  and  liiiares  the  ilillani'cs  of  tliolc 
Li.uis  -  ..t  the  :!'.i!"ir.;  .ind  oprni'ig  his  inoiuh,  making 
tl.t-i,;  iciw  a.  liraiiitiN  10  fe;  .na'e  t!ie  water  from  the 
lliiii..ps,  I  ra^n-,  andliKli  Iniali  lilli  as  his  food  eonfiits 
of,  .r  .1,  lor  til'-  l.ime  pijr|  o;t,  on  the  ii'ilide  of  tlic 
b'  ...' ,  next  to  tl-.e  tongue,  grows  a  i]iiantity  ot  hair,  to 
n;.:..t  a  Hill  finer  pi  rcolatiun,  orllrainingi  which  istiie 
in  :re  neccll'iry,  beciufe,  notwithUanding  the  bulk  of  a 
while's  body,  tlu-  throat  in  ge.ncr.il  is  not  much  above  a 
fin- wide.  The  lu-.d  m.i!;e.s  r.ear  a  thud  part  ot  t!-.e 
wli'  .e  budv,  widi  vrry  tm.ill  eyfs  in  the  midll  of  it, 
ci,'iifK'.ering  the  li/.e  of  tiic  creature  ;  and  the  eve  lids  are 
fiini-e  !  with  hair,  like  thole  of  a  man.  Inlleud  ot  tlie 
til--,  appear,  on  'Jie  outlidc,  only  two  hoU's,  lb  Ini.ill, 
that  ihey  r  in  hardly  be  lountl  out,  ami  will  tcarce  ati- 
niit  of  a  fingie  III  iw  ;  but  within  the  head  they  iiave 
large  ori^ces,  wliieh  are  finned  like  ears,  and  .iltord 
them  a  iharp  he  .iir.g.  ^^in  the  t  ip  of  thf  he.id  he  has 
two  p.ipi  s,  tor  lie  iiM'.vi.ig  in  and  out  ot  the  air ;  and 
tlif.-liaM.',irig  die  w„ter  wIikIi  he  I'a allows  in  hi^  mouth, 
isforv.'d  '  'It  tluMiit'li  thefe  iioles  in  a  v.iil 


an  1  winch 


(I'.iai.iitv,  ano  to 


.1:  hciL'jit.     The  tongue  i.<  very 


l.ib;r,  in  fonie  w.i.iit^  •!  tiic  li/.e  of  an  ordinary  wool- 
pa^i-.,  .ivA  will  vnM  ailonilhing  i-iuantiiies  ol  oil.  Ills 
b;>.'us  are  Irril,  l.ise  thoie  ot  tour  looted  bealls  ;  bin, 
inlUad  of  liavir.j  on'-  ..irge  ca.ity  in  the  middle,  are 
porous,  and  lull  .-i  inurow.  ills  belly  and  biek  .lie 
ijuitc  red.  1  ll^  il.'lh  1.,  ;< .:.:U  and  har.l,  like  thit  of  a 
bull,  mixed  wi:h  miiy  li.ie.vs,  .uui  is  very  drv  ar.d 
le:M,,  beeaufe  the  fit  lies  i)t  tAcen  the  llelh  AwA  the  Ikin. 
The  tat  is  mixed  widi  (iriews,  which  holds  the  oil  a>  .1 
lj:unge  iloes  water.  'I'he  otlier  lliong  linews  arc  .ib.uit 
ti.v  tail,  wiiii  wii'.'.'!i  !.e  turns  and  winds  himlelf  .isalhip 
ia  guided  by  a  ludd^r.     Ik  fiviins  widi  ^jreat  celcriry. 


anl  makes  3  track  in  the  fea  like  a  I'.'ge  flnp  under 
liiil.  I5i  lid';s  the  upperttioll  thin  Ikin,  tivre  is  another 
alnioll  an  inch  thick,  but  neidier  nt  thein  arc  very 
llro'i.:,  whieii  is  l)el:e\cd  to  be  tlie  icifjii  why  the  whale 
doe.  not  exert  ttiat  r.reat  f>)i\.e  that  iViiidit  b-  expcitcj 
("oin  a  l.'lli  of  its  li.e.  I'hey  are  inii/itily  toriiunred 
w.ili  lice,  which  niik'.s  tlieiii  |()inetlin!:'i  fpiiiv;  'ut  of 
thf  lla  ill  all  :igony.  It  is  alio  believed  that  thry  feci 
gre.it  pains  in  r.icir  bodies  bcfire  ail'.rm,  vi;'.!i  in.ikcs 
them  twill  an  I  tumble  violently,  v.hile  tlie  v.in.i  bf  as 
lit  1  the  ealK  Tiiey  are,  however,  haiiolefs,  uiilclk 
pruvoi.ed,  and  raiiier  c.f  a  very  tiinor'ius  r  iture ;  tho' 
foiiic  of  tluiu  will  now  .'.lid  tlien  appro.;cli  vtry  dole  to 
a  Ihip.  The  middl'ng  11.  ed  (,ii's  are  lr'.)m  hftytofixty 
lirrt  1  'ng,  and  yi'.-ld  trom  ti  ven  to  an  hundred  b.irreli 
I't  bk.bbci  1  lh'ju;^li  fometinies  they  are  mi;c!i  Irgcr. 
.\  voyager  'ne.-.tiuns  one  tint  yielded  an  luindred  ami 
thirty  hog. iiead.->.  Tliis  bhibbei  li-.'s  immtdiately  i:iiJ.cr 
tlie  Ikin,  aii.i  is  very  vahi.ible. 

(i)ne  of  I'lc  a'.ithors  of  tiiis  work,  to  alT"rd  t'copL*  fir 
a  more  minute  dc-lcription  of  tiiis  wj.ir.d.-rful  part  cf  tli-; 
cieaiion,  took  m\  opportunity  of  furve\ing  tli,;  Ikeleton 
ol  a  .Sperma  Led  whale,  in  t!ie  rcpolirory  of  an  eminent 
virtuofj  iii  I  .ondon.  This  afVonilliing  produftion  of 
nature  mealiires  I'eventv  two  feet  in  length,  and  be- 
tween Icven  and  ei,>lu  ii ' :  in  brea.lth.  The  ri:ull  alone 
iia-.iliires  iifteen  feet  in  len^jth,  and  ii  luppofed  to 
weigh  three  t')ns.  This  gre.it  weight  of  bone  s  proba- 
bly I)  1  ivc  I  up  in  tiie  lea  by  a  vai.  ipMiititv  of  tat  or 
oil,  contain  d  in  the  cellular  niembnn'j,  bctw-e,!  the 
Ikin  of  die  iiei  1  aiiil  the  upper  furfice  of  the  Ikull. 
b'roiT)  this  I  il,  ami  .ill')  from  tliat  which  fiirrounds  the 
body,  the  fubilance  called  .Spcr:Ti.i-Ceti  is  eTttiaded. 
Tli.it  Ipecie^  of  whale  c  lit  •.!  the  Spernu-Ceci  whale, 
d'.llers  fioin  t!ie  whalebone  v,  iiale,  vdiich,  ai  before  ob- 
lerved,  has  no  'fetii;  whereas  tho  iiriner  lias  one  r  i\v 
o.lliaip  point' d  t'.eth  along  e.i'.li  lide  of  rh--  lower  jiw, 
but  none  in  th'-  upper.  Witli  tht.re,  it  is  probable  he 
r  m  devour  tilii  cf  a  c onfiderablc  li.^e.  Tlie  .Sperm.;- 
(-'•'i  whale  as  alio  ;•,  blowir.  .'hole,  but  m.jre  pariicu- 
larlv  for  th.c  puij)olc  of  bre.itliing. 

'I'lie  fjllowing  is  the  mode  of  catching  wh.i!cs. 

x\s  lijon  as  a  lliip  arrives  at  a  large  field  of  ice,  as 
is  termed,  three  or  fo'.ir  boats  are  pu:  out  to  vvatcli  for 
tlie  whale's  coming  fn.in  beneath  the  ice,  wi.ich  is 
iu  Iged  of  by  the  nuile  tliey  make  in  approaching  and 
rifi.ig.  When  the  wi-.ak-  giins  die  fuiface  of  tlie  water, 
tiie  harpooneer  Udzes  the  opportuniry  to  dart  the  har- 
poon eithiT  into  his  body,  or  near  his  liiout;  for  there 
IS  no  llriking  iiuo  tiie  bone  of  his  head,  \^'hcn  the 
whale  is  llruck,  the  other  boats,  which  are  near  at  hand, 
approach  to  give  alliilancf,  and  an  oar  is  put  up  at  the 
liead  of  the  harpooneer's  boat  who  wounded  ihc  animal, 
and  they  cry  out,  /«.'.'.'  /.i.'/ .'  upon  wlii-.li  token  other 
b  lats  from  the  Iliip  join  thole  alre.uly  concerned,  to 
render  every  needful  help  a.,  oiigeiuies  may  require. 
As  fioii  as  liie  whale  is  llruck,  thev  take  care  to  give 
him  rope  enotigii,  for  otherwile,  when  he  g'.;es  itown, 
as  he  frcqiieiidy  iloes,  he  woulil  inevitably  link  the  boat; 
and  this  ro[)C  he  draws  I  )  i;ui.  k,  th.ir,  if  it  were  n-it 
well  watered,  it  wtiiild  fee  the  boat  mi  tire.     The  line 


l.illenetl   to   ti 


lia'po'.n  i> 


fix 


;n  fat! 


loms  lone;. 


ami  is  ralltil  the  tiireri.ainer.  It  is  made  ot  the  tineft 
and  lofrrll  hemp,  that  it  m.iv  Hip  the  caller.  To  diis 
they  join  a  heap  of  lines  ot  ninety  or  an  hundred  fa- 
thoms each:  and  wiicn  there  are  not  cn.uigh  in  one 
bo.it,  tlicy  borrow  li'jiii  aiV'tlier.  The  man  ai  the  helm 
oblerve^  whicli  -  ly  the  rope  ;'oes,  and  lleers  the  boat 
aiiordiiigly,  that  it  may  run  ex.iCtly  out  tiefore ;  for 
tiie  whale  rui.s  away  with  tl-,e  line  as  fall  as  the  wind, 
and  would  overlet  the  b'):\t  if  it  were  not  kej^t  (trait ; 
during  whicl,  the  other  boats  mw  betort:,  ami  oblervc 
which  w. IV  the  |i|if  Hands,  and  kiiin  limes  ptill  it.  If 
they  feel  it  llid',  it  is  a  lign  ihe  wlnle  Hill  pulls  iu 
liiength;  but  if  it  hangs  loofe,  and  th;  bo.it  lies 
eqiMlly  liijdi,  bt fore  and  behiiiil,  upon  the  w.itir,  they 
pull  it  in  g.i'.tlv,  but  take  care  to  l.iy  it  lo,  that  tne 
whale  in.iy  Inive  it  calily  ag.iin,  if  he  recovers  llrength. 

Thev 


J'  r:M 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


k 


A 


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A 


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1.0 


I.I 


l^|2^    12.5 

■so   "1^     llH 


H:   US, 


1^ 

1.8 


1.25      1.4   III  1.6 

^ 

6"     

► 

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>  :> 
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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


:96        A  NEW,  ROYAL,  and  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAVHY. 


J 


I 


mui\i- 


Tliry  are  cuitiiius,  Iviwrvrr,  not  ti)  give  him  too  much 
hue,  iRWiuli*  lie-  Ibnutiiiicb  cnt,in|;K!i  it  ulioiic  a  ro(.l<, 
»nd  li  (it'ts  lode.  When  tiiii  happens,  li()wcvrr,  it 
he  is  afxTiNarvU  taki  n  liy  ihc  crew  ot  in  nher  lliip,  he 
is  returned  to  iholc  who  tiill  woundej  him,  a»  that  i'> 
kn()*n  liv  the  harpocn,  vvhieh  is  always  liiilinj^uillieJ 
by  a  partituiar  matk.  1  hey  lieuin  to  Ihnk  as  lof  ii  as 
theyexj'irei  and  their  fielli  feriiurits,  Cieating  li;.ii  a 
ftcain  a.s  inllamcs  weak  evi  s.  W'lien  they  lie  him  I'poiit 
out  IiIoikI,  t;iey  know  that  lie  ihawi  towarils  liis  end, 
and  thrn  prepare  tor  euti.n^;  him  ti[\  In  ordi  r  t<>  do 
tills  tiu-y  ha«l  him  d  <W  to  the  lliip's  fi.lc,  and  llitc  his 
fides  with  i;reat  knives,  railing  the  hhibbir  by  a  houk 
and  a  piiiltv,  wliieh  they  lift  up  as  they  cut.  In  this 
work  tl.ey  mull  he  extremely  expediiious,  othcrwifc 
the  ii.ai'xs,  v.Wwh  abound  hero,  v\ili  have  a  L'rearer  Ihare 
of  t!'.e  Ikih  than  the  vvhakrs  thenileives.  0(  tlie  great 
fakes  1)1  tlelh  tlievtilid  formeily  to  iinke  their  oil  upon 
thrlpot,  hut  It  prtl'cnt  the  blubber  is  barr<llr>l  up,  an-i 
br  Might  to  !■' Poland,  lluiland,  (S:c.  t>  be  b  iled  at 
Ivi.iiie,  tl'.e  luits  of  Spitzbergen  beinjr  rather  ne^;leLlcd. 
Son.c  ildps  even  return  from  the  whale  hllirry  without 
feiinj;  that  country,  ;  roceeding  no  farther  than  a  cer- 
tain latitude,  and  thtie  (idling  without  being  inolelled 
Ly  a  lee  Ihire,  ice  or  currents.  The  lliips  tiiat  ul'e 
this  trade  ufually  carry  from  3")  to  v">  men,  lix  or  li-ven 
boats,  an.i  from  4-^0  to  8--1  hogllieads  of  bhib!)er. 
Their  arms  conlill  of  f)0  lances,  6  lia-horl'e  lances,  40 
lurpoons,  I, ~  long  lur['oons  for  llriking  whales  under 
water,  b  fmall  fea  hiMl'e  harpoons,  and  30  lines,  of 
.nine  or  ten  hundred  fathoms  each. 

Seal-caichint;;  alio  makes  a  valuable  branch  of  tiie 
filling  prac^iled  in  thcli:  feas.  Three  liundred  feals 
vield  near  as  much  bf.hber  as  a  middling  li/cd  whale. 
Tlie  feals  are  not  harpoc-ncd,  but  are  generally  knock- 
fti  on  the  head  wit!)  clubs;  anvl  many  bears  are  likcwile 
fliot,  killcii  with  lances,  tvc.  upon  tlie  ice.  Tlie  Ihips 
frt  fail  in  I'ebruary  for  the  leal  tilkei-y,  and  in  .\pril  (or 
the  whale  filliery  :  government  allowing  a  bounty  to 
tLcfe  fni|s  of  40s.  ptr  ton,  as  far  as  ;.  o  tons;  f)  that 
a  (hip  ot  liiih  a  burtlien  receives  '  ool.  bounty  in  iney. 
If  a  ihip  is  clear  <  i  th.e  ice  after  the  ill  of  June,  and 
goes  back  a„.iin,  or  i(  it  is  known  (lie  carries  cmt 
witii  her  Itfs  than  lix  montlis  proviiiuns,  Ihe  forfeits  her 
bounty. 

Within  the  bmly  of  tl-.c  whale  is  (irldom  fount!  anv 
thing  but  ten  or  twelve  handliils  of  a  kinti  of  liiiall 
black  \\  iders,  and  f  (me  linall  quantities  of  green  herbs, 
frn  up  (iiim  tlie  bottom  it  the  fea,  whicli  are  fuppofed 
t  >  be  the  lj"d  upon  whicli  .  .e  wliales  chietiv  live.  The 
lea  hereabouts  is  fo  covered  with  thele  inlerts,  that  it 
a[>pears  quite  blai  k  i  which  is  a  fign,  to  thole  who  go 
about  catching  t!ie  whales,  that  they  are  like  to  make  a 
(',ood  booty.  The  whales  generally  ilciight  in  that  part 
of  the  lea  which  produces  thcl'e  inlcds. 

Of  the  whale  kind  there  are  al(i)  the  dragon-fifn, 
long,  thin,  grey,  and  glittering,  with  two  tins  on  his 
back,  and  two  holes,  thioiigh  which  he  fpouts  the 
wa"er. 

The  butdiorf,  or  laced-head,  is  fixtecn  feet  long, 
with  a  fpout  hole  in  his  neck,  a  brown  back,  and  a 
*hitc  belly. 

The  whitc-fiHi  is  asloag  as  the  butlhorf,  but  much 
fatter. 

1  liC  lea-unicorn  wh.iic  is  from  fixtern  to  twenty  feet 
in  len;',th  with  a  I'pout-Iiole  in  his  neck,  and  projec'l- 
ing  troin  his  fiout,  having  a  tine  wreathed  horn,  tiir 
whiih  he  is  princi|>ally  valued.  The  throne  <A  his 
Danilli  majelly  is  entirely  compofed  of  tlieic  horns, 
which  Were  formerly  deemed  great  fpccitics  againll 
poilon, 

Tlie  nn-fifli  whale  is  as  long  as  the  blubber,  or  w^lale- 
bonc  whale,  but  not  above  one  third  part  lij  bulky. 
It  is  known  by  the  (in  on  the  back  near  the  tail,  and 


by  the  fpniting  up  of  the  water  more  violently,  and 
htj'Jier,  than  the  other  whale.  The  ba^k  is  moie  Ibait 
than  that  o(  a  whale,  and  the  li|)s  aic  (j('a  browmlli  co- 
lour, appealing  like  a  t^Mlted  iipe.  I'he  whaK!>  r,c 
li  liii.^s  t'rom  the  upper  lip,  as  it  does  in  1  lie  whale,  b  ic 
not  out  ot  the  mouth  at  the  tides,  as  in  that  annn.il. 

I'he  intide  of  the  mouth,  l)et^^een  tiie  ululeb  ne-,  is 
all  over  hairy,  and  is  of  a  blue  colour,  that  i-,  v.ii  u 
the  bone  begins  to  grow  i  (i)r  the  other  is  blown,  v  rdi 
yellow   Iheaks,  whuh    are   thought   to  be   the    dldelt. 

I  lie  colour  ot  diis  tilh  is  like  that  of  a  tenth,  and  the 
thape  ot  ihe  botly  is  1  m.^  and  iK-iuler.  '1  he  tail  is  (lit, 
like  th.t  ot  the  whale;  and  he  t'ekiom  ap[)ears  till  the 
whales  are  gt)ne.  All  thele  creatures  lAiin  bvtiire  the 
^^in^l,  and  are  obfervcd  to  tumble  imuietliatt  Iv  In''  re 
lltirms;  a  circninllancc  (rom  wiiicli  Ibme  natui.tiuls 
have  condutled,  that,  (ioin  the  changt;  in  the  atmo- 
Iphere,  they  are  violently  Iti/edwith  the  cramp  in  their 
bellies. 

I'he  wliale  is  harr.ifrd  bv  a  vaiieiy  of  enemies,  bc- 
fides  the  vermin  which  a.lheres  to  liis  b  ti)  like  lice. 
lie  is  puifucti  by  the  taw-tilb,  or  fwurd  (i(ii,  t'.me  u'' 
which  are  twenty  tlet  long.  '1  his  fnli  is  Ihaj-cd  like  a 
man's  arm,  and  his  tyes  are  remarkably  |r. 'niiiunt. 
ills  I'word  projicls  fiom  his  fnout,  is  of  difl'ermt 
lengths,  accoriling  to  t!.e  d;;ierfnt  ii.;es  of  the  hili, 
lometimes  linocth  ami  tliarp,  like  a  real  (word,  and 
lometimes  iiitientctl   like  a  !  »w ;  hence  the  creature  is 


called  either   fwim 


ml),  or   l.;w-(ilh.     A   very  tew  <.( 


t.iele  animals  will  attack  ami  mafier  a  great  whale; 
V(t,  when  they  have  llain  him,  they  eat  no  part  of  hini 
but  the  tonjMie.  In  elm  weather  the  liihermen  lie  I'j  on 
their  oars,  as  Ijiecbitors  of  this  combat,  until  they  per- 
ceive the  whale  at  the  lall  pat'p,  when  they  row  tow.trdi 
h:in,  anil  his  enemies  retiring  at  their  apprtiath,  ili'.; 
lilliernien  enioy  the  fiuii*  of  the  vidory. 

There  is  another  more  tlelperate  enemy  of  the  wl.al", 
known  by  the  name  of  the  hay,  whicn  is  of  the  lliark 
kind:  they  are  of  different  lizes,  being  from  one  to 
three  fat.'ioms  long.  I  he  hay  is  li)  voracious  that  it 
tears  large  pieces  til  defli  from  the  whale,  as  if  diev  had 
been  ttug  with  lhov<  h.  The  liver  of  this  lilh  abounds 
with  oil,  and  is  excelfively  large.  The  tlelh  on  then- 
backs,  when  tlrietl  loine  days  in  the  air,  is  accouiued 
tolerable  provilion,  either  boiled  or  roalled ;  ami  the 
liTialler  the  tilh  the  better.  'I  hey  are  caught  l)y  a  large 
hook,  baitetl  with  tlelh,  anti  t'allenetl  to  a  long  iron 
chain;  antl  if  nun  fall  overboard  by  acciilent,  the 
hay<,  in  their  turn  tlevour  them. 

The  whale,  in  Icripture  is  called  leviathan.  In  the 
book  of  Job  it  is  particularly  mentioned,  lome  jurt 
o(  the  paraphralt:  on  which,  by  Dr.  Y'oung,  we  Ihall 
here  prcltrve. 

His  bulk  is  charg'd  with  luch  a  furious  I'oiil, 
That  doutls  of  Imoak  trom  his  (pieatl  nollnls  roll, 
As  fiom  a  furnace;  and,  wlien  rouiitl  his  ire, 
bate  iliues  trom  his  jaws  in  theams  of  tire. 
1  he  rage  of  tempells,  aiul  the  roar  of  tia>, 
Tiiy  triror,  this  thy  great  liipcrior  pleale. 
Strength  on  \\\i  ample  iliouklers  fits  in  llate  : 
His  well  i  lin'tl  limbs  are  dreadtully  co;nplete. 
I  lis  (lakes  of  loliti  (lelli  are  (low  to  part : 
.■Xs  (bel  his  nerves,  as  a.lamant  his  heart, 
l.irgc  is  his  front,  antl  when  his  burnilhed  eye» 
I  ittf  up  their  lids  the  m  irning  I'ecms  to  rile. 
His  pallimes  like  a  cauKlron,  boil  the  (lootl, 
Antl  blacken  otran  with  ilie  riling  mud. 
The  billows  (eel  cim  as  he  works  his  way  j 
I  lis  hoary  footHeps  lliine  along  the  ti'a. 
The  f)am,  high  wrought  wuh   white,  divides   tlie 

green. 
And  diltant  faiiurs  point  where  death  ha  been. 


ttie  n'-rt.'i 


tilt  ir  booty  ti 


Nurratin 


KOGKAl'HY. 

T  niiire  vihiemly,  and 
I'iif  ().iLk  ii  more  lli.ilt 
s  aic  ot  .1  l)ri)Wiii!}i  CD- 
r;)|)C.  lliL-  wli.ilili  ne 
iloi-s  iii  ii\e  wliak-,  I)  ic 
lies,  as  ill  tli.ir  .miiii.il. 
iftn  the  wlulcli  in-,  is 
e  colour,  that  \-,  v,;i  .1 
r  otiur  is  blown,  v  ni\ 
igl.t  ti)  be  tlie  (ildelt. 
at  of  a  teni  h,  ami  tlic 
.-nder.  'llic  tail  is  ll.it, 
cKiom  afipears  tiil  the 
atiiKs  Kviin  bi  tiire  the 
ilile  inrneiliaii  Iv  In'"  re 
\!iich  I'oiIlC  ii.Uiiia.iita 
clianuc  in  tlie  atnn)- 
with  the  cramp  in  ihiir 

aiicty  of  enemies,  lie- 
5  to  liis  b  -il)  like  liLe, 
or  r^vortl-filii,  i'.inr  u' 
li,  liHi  is  (l-.aj.rd  like  a 
lemaikably  \  r.iniiiuiit. 
Inoiit,  is  of  ilidVrenC 
rent  (izes  of  the  hih, 
ike  a  real  Iword,  and 

hence  the  creanire  is 
'-filli.  A  very  (ew  (,f 
naliir  a  great  whale; 
I'.ey  eat  no  part  of  hun 

the  liilicrnieii  lie  upon 
roinb.it,  until  they  per- 
when  they  row  toward; 
at  their  approaeh,  t!ic 
viclory. 

ite  enemy  of  the  wliale, 
,  whicii  is  of  the  lliark 
s,  being  from  one  to 
is  ll)  voracious  that  ic 
e  whale,  as  it  diey  had 
.er  of  this  lilh  abounds 
The  llelli  on  their 

tiie  air,  is  accounted 
1  or  roalled ;  .'.;;d  the 
V  are  lauj^ht  by  a  larj.',e 

eiied  :o  a  long  iron 
)ard   by    acciiirnt,  the 


ruRorF.."! 


0     R     E    l\    N     I.    A    N    ». 


597 


icd  leviathan.      In  tlie 

mentioned  ;  lome  part 

Ur,  Younjj,  wc  Hull 


a  furious  foul, 

Ijiiead  nollnls  roll, 
1  round  his  ire, 
earns  of  tire. 

roar  of  li-as, 

rior  pleale. 

s  fits  III  itate : 

lully  eoinpiete. 

w  to  part : 

:  his  heart. 

IS  burnillied  eye* 

I'ecins  to  rile. 

boil  the  lluud, 

injf  imul. 

ks  his  way  J 

;  tlic  ka. 

Lh   white,  divides   the 


death  ha  been. 


NarrijUiU 


Krrfl/ive   of  tl-.f  n/r^cnlliiary   /1!-wti>r,-s    tf  A;;'/;/  J 

Rritij'h  M,irii:ers,  ■n'ho  J'rjj'ed  /t  rvhcle  11  ivtir  in  the  \ 

yii^orcii.':  (.limtitc  of   CrfatLwd,    ivilh  //;<■  lixpi'ilintts  'i 
/'•ev  ii'i-ii  top  rem  e  a   SuhfiHenre,  th"  c\tre»-''  Hard- 

J/.'ips  l')f\  fii/Iiiiiiri!,  niui the  MiWis  cf  ihch-  Delivermcc  '; 

and  Return  to  their  NiUi'JC  l.arj.  I 


I 


'R(")M  the  fxriTine  ripoiir  o(  tlie  rlimarc  of  this 


_      eoiintrv,  r  w.i- 
lit  the  ye:'r,  till  tin 
li.iled  rl'.itl.er  in  the  vear  l6-;o 


tongdeenK-diiniiili;ibit.. hie  through-   j 
faie  of  fonic  Ijiitiili  ni.uiners,  who   , 
pr(.'-ed  tl-.e  contraiy. 

The  S:ilutation,  a  (irecnland  lliip,  which  f.iiltd  from  1 
till-    Tliinus  on  tlie  ill  of  May,  and  arrived  here  the  I 
iiih  of  tlie  next  month,  being  in  want  of  piovilion  | 
the  latter  <  nd  ol  the  year,   fent  eight  men  on  lliore  in  a  | 
boat,  to  a  pkice  fieijuented  liy  rein-deer,  to  kill  veni-  ! 
(im,  leavinir  them  there,  with  orilers  to  follow  the  flii|)  '■ 
to  li  e>  11   Harbour,  whirh  lies  to  the  foutinvard  of  the 
]  l.ue  wiieie   tlicv   went  nfliore.     'llu  f"e  men,    having 
killed  14  or  15  deer,  lay  that  nii^ht  alliore,    and  pro-  : 
[;i^fet!  next  (lay  to  have  gone  on  b(iaid,  but  a  grcK  ipian-  ; 
ritv  of  ice  driving  towards  the  fliore,  obliged  the  lliip  ; 
to  Hand  out  fo  far  to  fen,  that  when  they  eae.ie  to  (ireen  i 
1 1  arbour  fhe  was  outoffight.     Tlie  Ihips  being  to  rcu-   ; 
dev.vous  in  Helfound,    f^.irther  r..>  the   ;(Uithv/aril,  and 
heiivr  to  leave  the  country  within  tiiree  iliys,  our  luintf-  , 
men  be<>an  to  be  very  auxioiis,  Iril  the  flipping  Ihould  ' 
be  gore  from  tlienee  too  betijic  tlu  y  :irri\ed.      Tiiey 
thought  it  pr  'per,  therefore,   to  throw  their  venifon  ■ 
into  the  ft  a,  in  order  to  lighten  tlie  boat,  an'l  made  the   ■ 
b(  f>  of  their  way  to  Belliuiud,  diltant  from  thence  about 
f:xteen  le.igues:  but  none  of  them  knowing  the  coalV,  : 
thev  overliiot  their  port  about  ten  leagues,  when,  fenfi-   1 
hie  of  their  error,  th  y  returned  to  the  i.orthward.     One 
oi"  their  company,    however,    bein:^  pofitive  that  Hel-   ' 
twund  l.y  farther  to  the  fouth,  they  were  induceti  to  fail  j 
to    the  ii.iithv.ard  again  till  tiny  were  a  lecoiitl  time  i 
cinviiced  of  their  milKtke,  and  turntd  their  boat  to 
the  nr.rtli  again,  and  at  length  arrived  at  I?ell<>undj 
hut  had  Ipent  fomudi  time  in  rowing  backwards  and 
foiward-,  iliat  tl'.e  fl.ip;  had  ai'tiially  left  the  coall,  and 
vviregoneto  1 ',n!;lan(l,  to  their  great  allonilliment,  be- 
lli'; provided  luitlier  with   cloaths,    food,    tiring,    or 
lioule  to  flielri  r  theitilelves  from  tlu-  piercing  cold  they 
were  to  expeCf  in  l'>  rigorous  a  climate.       I'h.ey  flood 
l'';-:ie  time  looking  on  one  another,  amazed  at  the  dil- 
jii  Is  to  which  they  were  lo  fiiildenly  reduced  ;  but  their 
lonlUrn.itiMii  being  a  little  abated,  tlu'v  begin  to  think 
of  the  moil  propeT  means  to  tiiblitl  thcmlelves  liuring 
tl;e  approach.in;':  winter.      The  weather  being  fivour- 
,iMi-,  they  agreed,  in  the   tirll  place,  to  go  to  (ireen 
I  I.irbour,  and  hunt  lor  venifon,  having  two  dogs  witii 
tl'icm  very  fit  ti'r  their  purpole. 

On  the  rtrh  of  .'\uinili  they  went  in  rhcir  boat  to 
(1!  en  Harbour,  where  they  arrived  in  twelve  liours, 
bi  ing  16  ieaguis  to  tlie  northward  of'  Hellouiid.  1  lerc 
t'K  y  let  up  a  tent  made  with  the  boat's  fiil,  the  oars 
fi  ;\ing  fir  pole-;;  .-.nd,,  h.iving  llepr  a  few  hours,  we.'it 
crlv  ne<;t  moi';iiiig  to  their  Iport,  killing  leven  or  eight 
d  (  r,  ar.d  four  I  i  ars.  'I'he  day  following  they  killid 
tAelve  deer  more,  with  which  they  loaded  their  boat; 
:;r.d  tinilini;  i'liother  boat,  which  had  been  lelt  tliere  by 
ti'.e  comp.uiy,  tliey  loaiied  that  with  the  grca\es  of 
wlialfi,  (btiig  t!ie  pieces  which  remnin  in  the  coppers 
aire  r  the  oil  i.,  drawn  from  them,)  and  rttirned  with 
t:.;  ir  booty  to  Hell'ound.  Here  happened  to  be  lit  up 
a  lar['e  fub'.lanti.d  booth,  which  the  C(vipers  worked  in 
ill  the  lilh.ng  le,",lon :  it  was  So  tlet  long,  m\\.\  50 
broad,  covered  with  Dutch  tiles,  and  the  fides  were 
W(  11  boarded.  Within  this  booth  tlul'e  fiilors  deter- 
mined to  build  another  of  let's  ilimeiifions,  beinfi;  fiir- 
iiilhi  d  with  bo 'ids  ami  timber,  by  pulling  down  a  booth 
»hi(h  llooci  near  the  fiirmeri  aiul  I'roiii  the  rhimnies 
«jl  three  furnace',  ull  d  tor  the  boiling  of' oil,  tiny  got 
|i.)0(.'  bricks.  They  fiund  .illo  lour  hogflieails  ot'\'erv 
line  lime,  whicii,  mingled  with  the  f.iiul  on  th.e  fea 
Jliore,  made  tsec  Uciu  mortal.  But  the  weather  was 
No.  5  5 


now  grown  fo  cold,  tliat  tliry  were  obliged  t:)  have  two 
fires  to  keep  their  mortar  from  freezing.  They  ptr- 
filfed,  however,  in  their  .vork,  and  railed  a  w.dl,  of 
a  brick  tliicknefs,  againll  one  of  tlie  fides  of  their  inncr- 
moll  booth;  but  wanting  bricks  to  finilli  the  rell  in 
like  manner,  tliey  nailed  thick  boards  on  each  fide  the 
timbers,  and  tilled  up  the  f'pace  between  with  fand;  by 
whicii  means  it  became  fo  tight  and  dole,  that  the  Icall: 
breath  of  air  could  not  enter  itj  and  tlieir  chimney's 
vent  was  in  tin-  greater  booth.  'I'he  length  of  the  lefl'er 
b()Oth,  or  nuher  lifnife,  was  20  feet,  the  breadth    16, 


anil 


the   I 


v:vj}\t   IT;  their  C(  i 


;ng 


liem;' 


made  of  deal 


bo;;rds  live  or  fix  tiiius  tlouble,  and  li)  overlaid,  that 
no  air  could  jiollilily  come  in  from  thence.  Their 
door  they  not  <;nly  made  as  ffrong  and  clofe  as  jjofil- 
b'e,  but  lined  it  with  a  bed  whic  h  they  found  there. 
'I'hey  m.ule  no  wiiulows,  excej)t  a  little  hole  in  the  tiles 
of  tl'.e  greater  booth,  by  which  tliey  received  fome  little 
lig!;tdown  the  chimney  of  the  lefl'er.  The  next  work 
was  to  make  the:n  fiiur  cabins,  cluifing  to  lie  two  in 
each  cabin.  'J'heir  bedding  was  the  ikins  of  the  rtin- 
ilecr,  the  lame  tliat  the  Laplanders  ufe ;  and  tliey  f'ound 
them  exceeding  warm.  For  firing  thty  took  to  pieces 
fome  caflss,  and  ftven  or  eight  of  the  boats  which  were 
left  behind;  for  it  feems  tliey  ufed  a  great  many  boats  in 
whale-!il]iing,  which  they  left  in  the  country  every 
winter,  ratlier  than  be  at  the  trouble  of  carrying  them 
backw.irds  and  forwards.  Our  lailors  flowed  tiieir  tiring 
between  the  beams  and  tiie  roof  of  the  greater  booth, 
in  order  to  make  it  the  warmer,  and  keep  out  the  fnow, 
which  woukl  have  covered  every  thing  in  the  greater 
bootli,  if  it  had  not  been  f()r  this  contrivance. 

On  the  T  ;th  of  September,  obferving  a  piece  of  ice 
come  driving  towards  the  lliore,  with  two  inorfes  (or 
fe.'.-horlis)  alleep  upon  it,  they  went  out  in  their  boat 
witli  a  l-.arping-iron,  and  killed  them  both.  On  the  igtli 
they  killed  another,  which  was  fome  addition  to  their 
fiiod.  But  taking  a  I'urvey  of  all  thtir  provifions,  they 
fininil  that  tlierc  was  not  half  enough  to  fcrve  them  the 
whole  winter,  and  therefore  Hinted  themfelves  to  onrt 
meal  a  day,  and  agrceil  to  keep  Wednefdays  and  Fri- 
days as  falling  days,  allowing  themfelves  then  only  the 
fritters  or  greaves  of  the  whales,  which,  as  obl'erved 
alreaib ,  are  (wily  the  fcraps  of  the  fat  of  the  whale, 
which  are  thrown  away  after  the  oil  is  got  out  of  them, 
anil  is  very  ioathtbme  fixid. 

By  the  10th  of  October  t!\c  nights  wcp'  grown  long, 
and  the  weather  become  lb  cold  that  tlie  fea  was  frozen 
over;  and  h.iving  no  bufinet's  now  to  divert  their 
thoughts,  as  hitherto,  thty  began  to  reP.eift  on  their 
niilrrable  circumftances;  I'ometimes  complaining  of 
the  cruelly  of  the  mailer  of  the  thip  for  leaving  thcin 


hi 


d;  at  otiier  times  excufiiu;  him  and   bewailing 


his  misffirtunes,  as  believing  him  to  have  periflied  in  tlie 
ice.  At  length,  putting  their  confidence  in  the  Al- 
mighty, who  alone  could  relieve  them  in  tin  ir  great  ilif- 
trel's,  they  offered  up  their  pr.tyers  for  llrength  iind  pa- 
tience to  go  through  the  liit'mal  trial. 

Having  I'urveyed  their  provillons  again,  they  fiiuiul 
that  the  fritter-,  of  the  whale  were  almotl  all  mouldy, 
h.iviiig  taken  fome  v.i  t;  and  that,  of  thei'-  bear  and  ve- 
niti>n,  there  was  fcarce  enough  left  to  all'ord  them  live 
meals  a  week;  whereupon  irv.as  agreed  to  live  four 
ilays  in  the  week  upon  the  ir.oukly  fritters,  and  the  other 
three  to  teall  upon  bear  and  venifon.  l.eil  they  fliould 
want  tiring  hueafter  to  drefs  their  meat,  they  thouglit 
proper  to  roall  half  a  deer  every  day,  and  llow  it  up  i:i 
iioglheads.  With  this  kind  of  t'ood  they  tilled  three 
liogllieads  and  a  hall',  le.iviiig  .1..  mui  h  r.iw  as  woukl 
lerve  to  roall  a  quarter  every  Sunday,  and  a  quarter  for 
Cliiillmas-day. 

h  being  now  the  I4tli  of  Oaober  the  fun  left  them, 
and  they  law  it  no  inore  till  the  3d  of  l-'ebruary;  but 
they  had  the  moon  all  the  time,  both  day  and  nighty 
though  very  much  obl'cured  by  the  clouds  a;i  1  toul  wea- 
ther. There  was  alio  a  glimmering  kind  of' .1  day  light 
for  eight  hours,  the  latter  end  o(  Ocl ober,  which  diort- 


tned  eviiv  il,i_,  till  the  ill 
7   M 


December ;  from  which 
time 


;  lit 


m 


>  n 


598 


A  NEW,  KOVAL  and  AUTHF.NTIC  SYSTEM  or  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAFin'. 


I    4 


'•  I 


A 


time  to  tlie  :otli  of  the  unif  inontli,  tluy  toiiUl  per- 
ceive no  day-light  ;it  all.  It  was  now  one  contimieii 
night,  then-  apjicaring  only,  in  clear  weather,  a  little 
whiteneli,  like  the  dawn  ot  day,  towards  tl-.c  loiith. 

On  tl'.c  illofjanuary  they  toiind  the  day  to  inereafe 
a  little.  They  rminted  tlieir  days,  it  liems,  in  the 
dark  fealim,  by  tiie  moon,  and  were  I'o  e>ac't,  tliar,  at 
the  nnirn  of  the  fliiii|)iii[i;,  they  wire  ahlc  to  t;ll  the 
vt-ry  d.iy  of  the  nu'iuh  on  wliieh  the  Iket  anued.  P'or 
light  within  lii'ors  tliey  made  three  lamps  ot  lome  lluet 
had  they  h.id  found  ii(X)n  one  oftlie  toolirs;  an.l  there 
hapjiened  to  be  oil  enou^li  to  fni'i  ly  them  left  in  the 
eooper's  tent,  l-'or  wicks  tlie\  made  life  ol  rope  yarn. 
rhele  lamps  were  one  of  the  ;;reatell  eomliirts  to  them 
in  that  loii^^  coiuimied  nigiu.  Thtir  harJihips,  how- 
ever, were  li)  i;rcat,  that  l^nictimes  they  were  driven 
to  licfpair.  At  otiur  timi»  thiv  hopei!  tluy  were  re- 
fer\cdas  a  woiulerlul  iiillance  ol  (jod's  nu  rev  in  tiuir 
deliverance,  anil  eontinutii  to  lalldown  on  tlicir  knees, 
and  in.plore  divine  proteiilion. 

Witli  the  new  year  the  cold  in^  realid  to  that  def'.rce, 
that  it  fomt  times  railed  blilhrs  in  tlieir  Hi  lli,  as  it'they 
had  been  burnt ;  and  the  iron  they  touched  lluek  to 
tlieir  lingers.  When  tiiey  went  aluo.ul  for  wati  r,  the 
cold  often  lei/ed  them  in  liiiii  a  mannei'  tiiat  it  in.ide 
them  fore,  as  ifthey  h.id  been  beaten.  i'heir  water, 
the  firll  part  of  the  winter,  iirud  tidm  .1  bay  of  ice,  and 
lan  down  into  a  kind  of  bafon,  or  receptacle,  by  the 
fea  fide,  where  it  remained  witli  a  thick  ice  over  it, 
which  they  dug  open  at  one  certain  [jl.ice  witli  pick-axes 
every  day.  I'his  continued  to  the  1  .nh  of  January, 
when  tliey  drank  fnow  water,  melted  ^^it!l  a  hot  iri)n, 
until  the  :othof  May  following. 

On  taking  another  review  of  their  provilions,  tluy 
found  that  they  would  not  lall  tlum  above  fix  weeks 
longer.  I'o  alleviate  their  mifery,  however,  on  the 
jd  of  Tebruary  they  were  cheared  again  with  the  bright 
rav>  of  the  (v.n,  which  Ihone  uyion  t!u'  tops  of  the  Inowy 
mountains  with  iiuoncdv.ible  hillre.  I'o  them,  at 
leall,  this  .dVurded  the  moll  delightful  I'cene  tliat  ever 
was  beheld;  (or,  after  a  night  oi  many  weeki  and 
months,  w!ut  could  he  imagined  more  glorious  or 
pleafing  to  a  mortal  eye?  As  an  a.idition  to  their  joy, 
the  bears  began  to  appear  again,  on  the  flelh  of  which 
animal  they  made  many  hearty  meals.  But  the  bears 
were  as  ready  to  devour  our  countrymen  as  they  were 
the  bears,  and  being  pinched  v.itli  hunger  in  this  bar- 
ren country,  came  up  to  their  very  door.  One  of  thele 
creatures,  uith  her  cub,  they  met  at  the  entrance  of 
their  apartment,  and  gave  h.er  Inch  a  recejition  witii 
their  pikes  and  .lancet,  that  they  l.iid  her  dead  iijion 
the  fpot,  and  the  \oiing  one  was  glad  to  make  its 
efcape.  The  weather  was  fo  very  cold  that  they  could 
not  ilay  to  !liy  lier,  but  dragged  the  beail  into  their 
hoiilr.  There  tluy  cut  her  into  pieces  of  a  llone  weight, 
one  of  w!;ich  lervrd  the;n  for  a  i!-..:ier.  I'j/on  this 
they  fed  twenty  da);.,  elleemiiig  her  llelh  beyond  \eni- 
fon.  Her  liver  only  did  not  .igree  with  them;  foi-, 
upon  eating  it,  their  fkins  peeled  oil';  though  one  ol 
the  compJiiy,  who  w.is  lick,  attributed  his  cure,  in 
part,  to  th"  eating  it.  If'  it  be  demanded  how  they 
kei)t  their  venlfon  .md  liear's  Helh  \\iiliout  fait,  it  is  to 
be  oliferved,  tin-  loLI  is  fo  intenli-  th.it  no  carcalc  ever 
putrefies.  I'l  ;li  nerds  no  I, lit  to  keeji  it  here  :  iliat  was 
their  hajiimu^.  Ihd  they  been  Hocked  with  I'llt  pro- 
■.■dio!!',  they  had  infallibly  died  of  the  Icurvy,  as  otlurs 
did  who  were  left  on  the  ll;ore,  much  better  provided 
v.ith  liquors,  and  other  neceflaries,  th.i/i  tin  Ic  poor 
men  were.  15y  the  time  they  had  eaten  uj)  this  bear, 
others  eam<-  about  their  booth  freijucitly,  to  the  num- 
ber of  .+c><ir  fuoie,  of  which  lliey  killed  levin,  (one  of 
rhem  fix  fet  t  higii  .'t  hall,)  ro.illinij  their  l!(  111  upon 
Wooden  fpii^  havi;.;;  no  (jilier  kitchen  fbiniture,  ex- 
(C|)t  a  fryiiirj-pm  they  found  in  one  of  the  booths. 
II.i\'in,(;  now  plenty  of  jirovifions,  they  eat  vi  ry  hearti- 
ly, and  Ibuiid  their  lhvn;vh  iiKreal'c  ap.ice. 

Jieing  now  the  i6ih  ol'  M.irch,  and  tl.c  days  ol'a 
nafonable  length,   (()wls,   whicii,  in  the  winter  lime, 


were  fed  to  the  fouthward,  began  to  refort  to  Greni 
land  :'gsin  in  great  abuiulaiice,  where  they  live  ani  bre<  d 
in  the  fummer,  feeding  upon  liirall  hlh.  The  ftj.xes 
alio,  which  had  kept  dole  in  their  holes  under  the 
rocks  all  the  w  inter,  now  came  abroad,  and  jireytd  ii'xi.'i 
the  fowls  i  ot  w liich  our  countrymen  having  t.iken  fjiiir, 
baited  tr.i|)s  witli  their  Ikins,  and  caught  live  f  ,xes  1,1 
them,  which  they  roalhd,  .\nA  fimnd  them  to  be  v(  ry 
good  meat,  at  leall  in  the  opinion  of  men  who  had  hi- 
therto fed  much  on  bear's  Ikih.  I'hus  thev  contiiuicit 
t.iking  low  s  and  fixes  till  t'le  ill  of  May,  meeting 
V,  ith  no  further  misfortunes,  except  the  lofs  of  one  of 
their  inallitf  dogi,  which  went  from  their  houfe  our 
nu)rning  in  the  middle  of  March,  aiul  was  never  lif!! 
.ifterwards,  being  probably  overpowered  and  vitvn  [,; 
the  bears. 

The  weatlu'r  beuinning  to  grow  warm  in  .May,  th  v 
r.uiibled  about  in  learch  ofwillocks  eggs,  a  towl  ah  Ji:: 
the  li/e  of  a  duck,  of  which  they  (bund  lome,  beim;  a 
change  of  diet  they  were  very  much  pleal'ed  with. 

1  lie  leal'un  luiw  coming  on  for  the  arriv.il  of  the  fli  i 
ping,  Ihiuf  of  them  went  every  day  almoll  to  the  t  >;i 
o(  a  mountain,  to  (ce  ifthey  could  difcern  the  water  in 
the  lea,  which  they  had  no  light  of  till  the  24t!i,  w:u:i, 
it  blowing  a  rtorm,  and  the  wind  fitting  from  the  m.uu 
ocean,  broke  the  ice  in  the  bay,  and  loon  alter  turian"- 
about  e.illerly,  carried  great  p.:rt  of  the  ice  out  t.)  U-j; 
but  (till  the  water  did  not  come  within  three  miles  ol 
their  dwelling. 

The  next  morning,  tiie  :5th  of  May,  none  of  t!<  t 
men  ha|>pened  to  go  abroad  ;  but  one  of  them  l)e::ii; 
in  the  outer  booth,  heard  li)mebody  hale  t'le  hnule  ii 
the  f.ime  manner  .is  ("ailors  do  a  (hip,  towhiJi  the  inrn 
in  the  inner  booth  aniwered,  in  (eaiiun'i  terms,  tl.at 
they  were  jult  then  going  to  prayers,  and  llayed  but 
lor  the  man  in  the  outer  booth  to  join  with  them.  1  :» 
m:in  wlu)  haileil  them  was  one  of  the  boat's  crew  tii.ii 
belonged  to  .m  L.nglifli  fliip  )u!l  arrived;  which  1',.. 
(ailors  no  looner  uruierllood,  than  they  ran  out  to  v.\o  i 
their  countrymen,  looking  upon  them  as  (o  many  .;!i 
gels  lent  ("rom  heaven  to  their  relief;  and  .ert.i':.:y 
t!ie  tranlpurt  of  joy  they  felt  upon  this  occalion,  ifir 
may  be  conceived,  can  never  be  cxjjrelleil.  A  m(?rti- 
fication  (till  remained,  which  no  man  couKl  well  hive 
expei^cd.  One  of  the  fliips  which  arrived,  was  com 
manded  by  the  lame  mafter  who  left  theli-  poor  wretci-.c. 
on  fhore,  and  he,  like  a  barbarous  brute,  in  order  tii 
excufe  is  own  inhumanity,  began  to  revile  t'leni  m 
the  moft  opprobrious  terms.  This  man,  it  Items,  lad 
left  feven  or  eight  other  men  in  CJreetiland  two  )c:m> 
before,  who  were  never  heard  o(  afterwards  ;  f.r 
which,  no  doubt,  he  richly  delirrved  the  li  verelt  jiuiu!': 
ment.  Notwithllaiuling  the  barbarity  of  their  ow.i 
capt.iin,  the  commander  and  olHii  rs  of  the  oiiier  Ihij' 
took  care  they  llvjiild  be  kindly  iiltil,  and  brought  ti 
I'.nglanil  when  the  feafon  (()r  whale  till.ing  wa-.  o\ei, 
where  they  lei lived  a  gratuity  (rom  the  Rulfia  cijmjM 
ny,  and  were  otiurwiie  well  provided  for  by  t!ie!:i. 
I'erhaps  there  is  no  inllanie  in  hirtory  ol  a  company  0! 
men,  in  Inch  extreme  di(lre("s,  who  (liewed  iiuire  cou 
rage  ami  ji.uieiue,  or  made  a  more  wife  provifioii  fjr 
tlu  ir  pr<  lervation  than  ihefe  did. 

.">'/// '^/i/i/r   .■/il^mnors  of  lour  RiiJ/iiiii  Siiilois,  ivho  if- 
nuiint'Jjc'irriil  j'ijis  ill  Girtn.\i'!ii  cr  S'fitzlieri;.-/!. 

IN  the  year  1741  a  merchant  o(  Melen,  a  town  in  the 
province  ofjugovi.i,  in  the  governmen;  ' '"  Arch 
aii;.',el,  fitted  out  a  vell'el,  ciri  ying  1  5  men.  She  was 
di  lliiied  (or  Spit/berg'cn,  to  be  employed  in  the  whaie 
f)r  l<  al  lilluiy.  hor  liglit  fuccelllve  days,  after  tliev 
h.id  lailed,  ilie  wind  w  is  lair;  bi:t  on  tlie  yth  it  ihin_^;- 
(d;  fo  that  iiillead  of  getting  to  the  well  o('  Sljil.'.ber- 
geii,  the  ufu.il  place  ol  rendezvous  tijr  the  Dutch  lliips, 
and  thole  of  otIur  iiatiojis,  annually  employed  in  the 
whale  iinicry,  they  were  driven  eallward.  After  lunie 
il.iys,  however,  tluy  ippr^oched  within  two  Eni'jilh 
miles  of  the  Ihore,    when   their   vi  (lei   was  fuddenly 

fiurouodeJ 


?H 


k 


•OCiRAPIIV. 

ie(j;.in  to  ri'i'oit  to  Green- 
where  they  liv>:ui'ibi(<(| 
linall  lilh.  Ih,-  (axf,^ 
11  thiir  holes  uiulcr  the 
abroa.l,  ami  prryal  u;h)!i 
ymcii  having  t.iken  Ijinc, 
anil  cauj^hr  live  f'.xci  in 
il  foiiiui  them  to  hi;  very 
nion  of  men  who  had  hi- 
1.  'I'hiis  tlicy  coiitimiej 
c  ill  of  May,  mtetiiij; 
except  the  loli  of  one  of 
at  from  their  houll-  oiir 
rth,  ami  was  never  lirn 
■'erpowercJ  and  ir.tn  h\ 

;row  warm  in  May,  thy 
Hocks  eggs,  a  tov.l  ab  uit 
hey  (ijunJ  lome,  bein;;  a 
much  pleali'il  uidi. 
for  the  arriv.ii  of  th  ■  fli;  > 
ry  day  almoll  to  t.'ie  vtu 
oiild  ililcern  the  water  in 
,ht  of  till  the  24th,  when, 
and  fitting  from  tiic  ni.im 
ay,  and  foon  after  tuii.in^ 
xirt  of  the  ice  out  t,)  i;-j; 
inc  within  three  inilci  ol 

th  of  May,  none  of  tl'.-ir 

;  but  one  of  tl'.ein  bruiif 

lubody  hale  the  lioiilc  1.1 

a  lliip,  towhiJi  thenu-n 

in  feanun'i  terms,  tliat 

)  prayers,  and  llj\ed  bu: 

to  join  with  tiiem.      lite: 

e  (jt  the  boat's  crew  thai 

jull  arrived  ;   which  (.la 

than  they  ran  out  to  mcit 

)on  them  as  fo  many  an 

cir  relief;  and   >crtai:i;y 

upon  this  occafion,  ifit 

be  cxprelled.     A  inorii- 

no  man  (  oukl  wi  11  hi\t- 

vhi(.  h  arrived,  was  com 

o  left  tiicle  poor  v.- ret !..''.(•. 

)aroub  brute,  in  order  m 

•gan  to  revile  t!iem  '.  1 

■■""lis  man,  it  leeiiis,  hil 

n  (ireenlaiid  two  years 

ard   of    afterwards  ;   f  .r 

I'd  the  k  veretl:  jtiinii!; 

barbarity   of  t'ltir  ow.i 

iHicrs  of  ilie  oiiier  fl!!}' 

Ilv  tiled,  anil  brought  I'l 

hale  till'.iiiH;  was  over, 

from  the  kulHa  c<jinpa 

irovided  for  by  tlicni. 

lihiry  ol  a  company  0! 

wiio  thewed  luuri-  con 

more  wile  jirovilion  fjr 


iiiJfiiUi  Sidluys,  ivlw  If- 
■■".7  tr  Sf;;zl>cri:^:ii. 

iJl  Meli-ii,  a  town  in  the 
go\erniiien;  i  '"  Arch 
ig  I  5  men.  She  was 
^•niployed  in  the  whaic 
jelfive  days,  after  ilicv 
ut  on  tlie  <yth  it  chin^- 
J  the  Weil  of  ,S|)il"ber- 
■us  f(jr  the  Dutch  (hips, 
lually  employed  in  tlic 
eafUvard.  After  l'o;:;i; 
I  within  two  Km;lilh 
VI  lU-l   v,as  fudilctily 


EUKOPE.] 


K     \:     E     N     L.    A     i\     D. 


J99 


fiirroundfd  by  ice,  and  ilioy  found  tlitmfelves  in  an  ex- 
treme dangerous  fituatioii. 

]r)  this  alarming  llate  a  c  uneil  was  h-.ld,  when  the 
irite  ill  ormed  them,  that  he  ncolleCled  to  liave  herd, 
tiuii  feveial  of  the  peojile  of' Meten,  (owe  time  before, 
Iiavii  ;•  fcinied  a  lelohition  of  v.iiiteiaiig  here,  had  ac- 
cordingly c.  rried  from  that  city  tfcber  proper  for 
building  a  iuit,  and  aclcally  ireiileil  one  at  fome  dif- 
taiice  from  the  llviw 


'1  his  intoiin.  tion  in. 


le  w  hole  company 


iblve  on  wintering  theie,  i!  the  hut,  as  they  hoped, 
tun  exilleii  i  for  tl-.e\  cKaiiv  perceived  the  inuiiuient 
tlai-gT  thi-y  v,i  re  in,  and  that  they  mull  inevitably  pe- 
rilh  if  they  continued  in  tlie  lhi().  They  therefore  dif- 
11. 1  lied  four  ol  tluir  crew  in  fearcii  of  the  hut,  or  any 
other  liiccoiir  they  could  meet  with. 

A  •  the  (hore,  on  which  they  were  to  land,  was  un- 
irhabited,  it  was  necclfary  that  they  fhould  make  fome 
provuion  for  their  evpi-dition.  'I'hey  had  almoft  two 
H'.ili  s  10  travel  ovt  r  lool'e  ridg'es  of  ice,  which,  being 
riileil  by  the  waves,  and  ilriven  againll  each  other  by 
tl  .■  wind,  reiulcred  the  way  ecpially  ilillicult  and  dan- 
[Tcrmib.  Prudence,  therefore,  forbade  their  loading 
themlelves  too  much,  left,  being  overburthened, 
they  might  (ink  in  between  the  pieces  of  ice,  and 
perilh. 

Maving  thu^  maturely  confidered  the  nature  of  thtir 
undertaking,  t!iey  provided  themlelves  with  a  mufket, 
and  a  powder  horn  containing  twelve  charges  of  jjow- 
der,  with  as  many  balls,  an  axe,  a  I'mall  kettle,  a  bag 
with  about  10  pounds  of  flour,  a  knife,  a  tinder-box 
and  tinder,  a  liludder  filled  with  tobacco,  ami  every  man 
his  woojen  pipe.  Thus  accoutred,  thefe  four  failors 
quitkly  arrived  at  Spitzbergen,  little  flilpectiiig  the 
niisfortiu-.es  that  would  befal  them. 

'rhev  began  with  exploring  the  country,  and  foon 
difcovc  led  the  hut  they  were  in  fearch  of,  about  an 
t'.nglilli  mile  and  a  half  fnmi  the  Ihore.  It  was  j6  feet 
in  length,  18  in  height,  and  as  many  in  breadth.  It 
contained  a  f'mall  anti  chamber,  about  12  feet  broad, 
which  had  two  doors,  the  one  to  lluit  it  up  from  the 
outer  air,  and  the  other  to  form  a  coinmunication  with 
the  inner  room.  This  contributed  greatly  to  kte|)  the 
large  room  warm,  when  once  heated.  In  the  large 
room  was  an  earthen  Hove,  condruded  in  the  Rufliin 
manner,  that  is,  a  kind  of  oven  without  a  cliimne)', 
which  ferves  occafionally  either  for  baking,  for  heating 
the  room, or,  as  is  cullomary  among  the  Rullian  peafants, 
in  very  cokl  weather,  for  a  plac-  to  Ikep  upon. 


'I'he  tailors  wen  exccedin': 


havin^dill 


.red 


luirouudcJ 


the  hut,  which  h.id,  liowever,  fullered  much  by  the 
weather,  it  havm;!;  been  built  a  confulerable  time  j  bur, 
bail  as  it  wa:,  tlu  \  toiurived  to  pals  the  night  in  it. 
Karly  the  iie'U  morning  tiny  hallened  to  the  lliore,  im- 
()atienr  to  inform  tluir  comr.ides  of  their  luccefs;  and 
all(>  to  procure,  from  their  veffel,  Inch  provilions, 
ammunition,  and  other  neceflaries,  as  might  better 
enable  them  to  pal"-;  through  the  winter. 

The  ri'adrr  mav  more  eafdy  conceive,  than  it  is  pol- 
libk  fiir  words  to  dt  tcribe,  t!ie  allonifhment  and  .igony 
of  inind  th'.l"-  people  mull  have  felt,  when,  on  reaciiing 
tl'.f  pl.ice  of  their  ku^iing,  they  law  nothing  but  an  open 
lea,  (lee  from  tlie  ice  which,  but  a  d.iy  belcMe,  had 
covered  the  ocean.  A  violent  ilmi'.i,  which  had  arifen 
timing  the  niglu,  had  certainly  been  the  caile  of  this 
dilallrous  'vent.  Hut  they  could  not  tell  whether  the 
ice,  which  k.id  beftire  hemmed  in  the  vtflel,  agitated 
Jiy  tl:e  violence  of  the  v  a\e' ,  had  been  driven  again*! 
lur,  and  fh.ittcreil  her  to  pieces,  or  whether  Ilie  had 
been  lani'.il  by  tl.i-  turri-nt  into  the  main,  a  circum- 
fl.inc,'  which  fieijuen'.iy  i..i])pens  in  thole  feas.  What- 
ever acciilent  had  belalleii  the  Ihij),  they  law  her  no 
more  i  and  as  no  tidings  were  ever  after  received  of 
her,  it  is  mofl  probable  that  Ihe  funk,  and  tlia.t  all  on 
boaid  her  pcrlflied. 

Tliis  iiul.uicholy  event  depriving  the  iinh.ippy 
wretciies  ol  all  hope  of  ever  being  able  to  tpiit  the  pkii'. , 
they  rcCunitd  to  the  hut  full  of  hoi  roi-  and  deJiviir, 


Their  full  attention  wa'  employed,  as  may  be  liatu- 
rally  ima5;ined,  in  deviling  nn.'ii,  for  providing  fub- 
lill'iicc,  and  f()r  repairing  tlicir  luit.  The  1  2  charges 
of  p'lv.iter,  which  they  had  brouglit  ^vitii  them,  foon 
procured  ti.em  as  many  rein-deer;  the  country,  fortu- 
nately for  them,  abounding  in  diole  animals. 

It  has  already  been  oblerved,  that  the  hut  had  fuftain- 
ed  foine  ilamage.  There  were  cracks  in  many  places 
betw'Cv  1  the  boards  of  the  building  that  freely  admitted 
the  air.  This  inconvenience,  however,  was  remedied, 
as  they  had  an  axe  ;  and  tiie  beams  were  ftill  (bund,  fj 
that  it  was  eaf'y  for  them  to  make  the  boards  join  again  . 
befides,  niofs  growing  in  great  abundance  all  over  the 
c  (juntry,  there  was  more  than  futHcient  to  Hop  up  tlie 
crevices,  which  wooden  houfes  muit  always  be  liable 
to.  Repairs  of  this  kind  coft  the  uiih.appy  men  lets 
trouble  as  they  were  Ruffians  j  for  molt  KufTian  pea- 
fants are  known  to  be  good  carj)cntOrs. 

Tiie  intend'  cold,  whicli  renders  thefe  climates  habi- 
table to  lew  f'pecies  of  animals,  renders  them  equally 
unfit  for  the  produclion  of  vegetables.  N'o  Ipccics  of 
tree,  or  even  flirub,  is  found  in  -Spitzbergen  ;  a  cir- 
cumflance  of  the  moll  alarming  nature  to  tliel'e  failors. 
Without  fire  it  wasimpoffible  to  refill:  the  rigour  of  the 
climate  ;  and  widiout  wood,  how  was  that  fire  to  bit 
produced  or  fupportcd  ?  Providence,  however,  has 
f(j  ordered  it,  that,  in  this  particular,  the  fea  fupplics 
the  defec'ls  of  ti-.e  land.  In  wandering  along  the  beach 
diey  collected  plenty  of  wood,  which  had  been  driven 
alhore  by  the  waves,  and  which  at  tirft,  confided  of 
the  w  recks  of  fliips,  and  after^'ards  of  whole  trees,  with 
their  roots,  the  produce  of  fome  more  hofpitable,  but 
to  them  unknown,  climate,  which  the  overflowing  of 
rivers,  or  other  accidents,  had  lent  into  the  ocean. 

Nothing  proved  of  more  ellentlal  lervice  to  thefe 
unfortunate  men,  during  the  firft  year  of  their  exile, 
thin  fome  boards  they  f  nd  upon  the  beach,  having  a 
long  iron  hook,  fome  nails  of  about  five  or  fix  inches 
long,  and  proportionably  thick,  and  other  bits  of  iron 
fixed  in  them ;  the  melancholy  relics  of  fome  vcfTel 
call  away  in  thole  remote  parts.  Thefe  were  thrown 
alhore  by  the  waves,  at  a  time  when  the  want  of  pow- 
iler  gase  thefe  peribns  reafon  to  apprehend  that  they 
mull  fall  a  pre)'  to  hunger,  as  they  had  nearly  confuincd 
thole  rein-deer  they  had  killed.  This  lucky  circum- 
flance  was  attended  with  another  equ.ally  fortunate  : 
they  found,  on  t!;e  flvre,  the  root  of  a  fir  tree,  which 
nearly  apijroaciiid  to  th.c  figure  of  a  bow. 

As  neceiri'v  h.is  ever  been  the  mother  of  invention, 
they  foon  fafiiioned  this  root  into  a  good  bow,  by  the 
help  of  a  kiiLfc  i  but  Hill  they  wanted  a  firing  and  ar- 
r  )ws.  Not  kn  /wing  how  to  procure  thell*  at  prefcnt, 
tluy  rcl'oKedupon  making  a  couple  of  lances  to  defend 
themlelves  againll  the  white  bears,  whole  attacks  they 
had  realiin  to  dread. 

Finding  they  could  neither  make  the  heads  of  their 
lances,  or  of  their  arrows,  without  the  help  of  a  ham- 
mer, they  contrived  to  form  the  large  iron  hook,  be- 
fore mentioned,  intj  one,  by  beati'  g  it,  and  widening 
a  hole  it  hapjiened  to  have  abo  t  its  midd',-,  with  the 
help  of  one  of  their  large'.l  nails.  This  received  the 
handle  ;  and  .1  round  button,  at  one  end  of  the  hook, 
ferved.  fir  the  face  of  the  liammer.  A  large  pebble  fup- 
I'.lied  the  place  of'  an  anvil,  and  a  couple  of  rcin-deei 
horns  made  the  tongs.  By  means  «>f  thefe  tools  they 
made  two  heatis  of'  Ipears ;  and,  after  iKjlifliing  and 
fliarpening  tluni  on  Hones,  tluy  tied  ilicin  as  (lift  a.. 
pollible,  with  thongs  ma.lc  of  rein-deer  fi^ins,  to  Hicks 
abotit  the  tliicknel-.  of  a  man's  arm,  v.liich  they  pro 
cured  tiom  Ibme  branches  of  trees  that  had  been  call 
on  flic  re. 

Thus  equipped  with  fpears,  they  refolved  to  attack  a 
white  bear,  and,  alter  a  mofl  dangerous  encounter,  they 
killed  one,  ami  thereby  (iirnillted  a  new  lupnly  of  pio- 
vili  ):is.  The  flefli  of  tliis  animal  they  rehlhcd  exceed- 
inj'ly,  as  tliey  thought  it  miuli  refcmblid  beef  in  tafie 
and  flavour.  They  law,  with  infinite  (.'le.'fure,  thai 
the  tendons  could,  with  hn'"  or  n  >  trouble,   be  divided 

intc 


f-      ,1:^ 


S      A 


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]\m 


«oa 


A  NFAV,  ROYAL  ant.  AU  IUENTIC  SYSTI'.M  of  I'N'IVFRSAL  GEOGRAPHY. 


I 


n 


:'M 


<  *f  • 


h  I. 


into  filaments  of  wh;it  ffncncfs  tluv  thn\;j;ht  fir.  Thi<;>  { 
perhaps,  was  tlu-  moO  fortunate  ililc'vtjy  tluy  coiiKl  | 
nave  made  i  for,  idi.K-s  otlu-r  aiiv;int.i;;is,  they  were  | 
hereby  ftirniflirii  wnti  Ihinj^s  for  tin  ir  h.iw.  ; 

The  fiierefi  of  th  fe  pei>|)lc  i>»  inakinp;  thtir  fjjcars,   I 
ami  thi-  utility  'Iiey  proiliiceii,  eni.T)iinigcJ  ihcni  to  pro- 
ceed, ard  to  forge  lf)me  picus  of'  iron  into  hea  !s  of   I 
arnnn  of  the  fanit  lha(K',  thoii{;li  Hxiu-wuat  linalliT  in   ■ 
fize  tlian  the    fptnrs.      Having  grxind  and  fharpcncil   \ 
tliefc  like   the  fornicr,  tht v  ticil  rhcm,  with  the  limws   ! 
of  the  white  bear,  to  pieces  of  fir,  to  wliieh,  by  the   ' 
help  of  fine  threads  ot  the  fanie,  they  fafhned  fathers 
of  fca-fowl,  and   tliUi  hecanie  polVeilld  of  a  complete   ; 
bow  and  arrows.      Thtir  ingriniity,  in  this  r  fjKCt,  wa.s 
crowned  wiili  Uicccis  far  beyond  their  exped.iti'.n  ;  for, 
ilininK   the  time  of  thtir  continuance  here,  they  killed 
no  lels  than    ^50  rein-deer,  befi-ies  a  ^rcat  naiiiUer  of 
blue  and  white  foxes.     I'he  tlelh  </f  tlul'e  animals  ferv- 
ed  tliem   alfo  fi)r   f"ood,  and  their  fkins   fir  cloathing, 
and  ether  nectfiary  prefervatives  againll   tlic   intcnic 
coldne  s  of  a  climate  fo  near  the  pole. 

They  killed,  however,  only  10  wr.itc  hear?,  and  th.it 
not  without  tile  i.tmolt  d.inger ;  for  thtle  animals,  be- 
ing prodigiiuifly  flrong,  defended  theml'elves  with 
aflonifliing  vigour  ai.d  furv.  The  f\\\\  tluy  attacked 
defignedly,  but  the  other  nine  they  killed  in  defending 
themfelveb  from  their  aflluiits;  for  fome  of  tliefe  crca- 
tiires  even  ventured  to  enter  the  outer  room  of  the  hut, 
in  order  to  devour  them.  All  the  bears,  intleeil,  did 
not  fhew  equal  ferocity,  either  owing  to  lonie  being 
lefs  prefled  by  hunger,  or  to  their  being,  by  nature, 
lefs  carnivorous  than  the  others :  for  lorn.-  ot  t!ii-m 
which  entered  t!ic  hvii  imincdiately  betook  thenifel\es 
to  flight  on  the  llrft  attempt  of  the  i'olors  to  drive  tncm 
away.  A  repetition,  however,  of  thefe  attacks,  threw 
the  poor  men  into  great  .terror  and  anxiety,  as  they 
vere  .ilmoft  in  perixtual  danger  of  being  d.evoured. 
The  three  thnerent  kindiof  animals  before  mentioned, 
viz.  the  rem  (leir,  tlic  fi-yis,  and  the  wliite  Ix'ars, 
were  tlic  only  food  the  I'e  wietcheel  mariners  tailed  dur- 
ing their  continuance  in  this  dreary  abode. 

They  were  for  Ibme  time  retlucei,!  to  tiie  necefTity  of 
eating  their  meat  almoll  r.iw,  and  without  either  bread 
or  fait  ;  for  they  were  deflitutc  of  both.  The  intenle- 
nefs  of  the  cold,  togetlier  with  the  want  of  projier  con- 
veniencies,  prevented  tliem  from  cooking  their  vidiials 
in  a  proper  mannrr.  Tiiere  was  but  one  flove  in  the 
hut,  and  that  Ix  in;^;  lit  up  agreeable  to  the  Ruffian  talle, 
was  more  like  an  t)vin,  .md  conl'equently  not  well 
ad.ipted  for  boiling  any  thing.  Wood,  alfi),  was  too 
precious  a  commodity  to  be  waflcd  in  keeping  up  two 
fires;  ajid  tlie  one  they  might  have  m.ide  out  of  tluir 
habitation  to  drtl'.,  tluir  \ictuals  wouKl  in  noway  have 
lirrved  to  warm  them.  Anotiier  reafon  againfl  their 
cooking  m  th,  open  air  was  the  lontinual  danger  of  an 
attack  from  tie  white  bears. 

To  renied'  in  fome  degree,  the  hardfliips  of  eating 
(heir  mr.it  hall  raw,  thov  Lx-thouglit  themlelves  of  dry- 
ing llime  of  their  provilion,  during  the  lummer,  in  the 
open  air,  and  afterward.^  of  hanging  it  up  in  the  upper 
parr  of  the  hut,  which  was  continually  fille..  ■'  th  fiiioak. 
This  meat,  fo  prep^i'ed,  tliry  iit'ed  for  brer.d,  and  it 
iiiaile  them  reliih  thi  ;r  other  Peih  the  lietler,  as  they 
couKi  only  half lirel's  ir.  hinding  th.is  experinniit  an- 
fwer,  in  ever,-  r'fpecl,  their  wilhes,  they  continued  to 
prartile  it  liuring  the  whole  time  of  tl-.eir  ccniinement 
in  tlii.s  countPi',  and  .iKvays  kept  up  by  that  means  a 
fuffii  ier.t  Itock  of  provillons.  Water  they  had  in  fum- 
iTier  from  t'mall  riv.ikfs  that  fill  from  the  oci;s;  and 
in  winter  from  tl'.'-  Inow  ard  th.iwcil  ice  :  tl.is  was,  of 
I :)url(',  tl.eir  onlv  b:\cragc:  aiivi  t!:eir  Ini.dl  l;errlc  was 
the  only  vf\]\\  riu y  could  make  uf:  of  fur  this  anil 
other  piirp.of'-s. 

It  is  well  knowi,  tl,.it  li-afaring  jieoplc  aie  extremely 
fubji '"t  10  the  Irurvy.  This  ilileaf'e  increates  iti  pro- 
por' ion  .^s  we  approach  ihe  pole,,  which  tnuii  be  attri- 
buted to  tlie  exrcllh'c  cold,  or  Ioiik  other  caufc  yet 
i.i;jvi;(.iv.n.     I  los\ev(  r  that  fr.;;\   be,  the  liiilors^  kting 


themfelve.s  quite  dertitute  of  every  means  of  cire,  in 
c.il'c  tluy  fliould  be  atta<  ked  witli  li)  fat.il  a  diforde--, 
judged  it  expedient  not  to  negled  any  regimen  gene- 
rally adopted  as  a  prefervative  againii  this  inipendin<T 
evil.  One  of  tluir  number,  who  had  fi-veral  times 
wintered  on  tlie^oall  of  Spit/bergen,  aiiviled  his  un- 
f^'rtunate  compamons  to  fwallow  raw  and  frozen  mear. 
broken  into  liiiail  bits ;  to  »hink  the  blooii  c»t'  rein- 
deer warm  as  it  flr.weil  from  their  veins  immeiii.itely 
after  the  killin;j;  thein;  M  ufe  as  mucii  exercilc  as  pofli 
file  ;  and,  l.illly,  to  eat  llurvy-grafs,  which  grows  in 
this  country. 

Experience  jiroved  thefe  remedies  to  be  efTci.'hial; 
for  three  of  tlu  li-  tailors,  who  purfiied  this  nu-thoit, 
continued  totally  free  from  all  t.unt  of  the  dilbrder. 
The  fourth,  on  the  contrary,  who  was  narurallv  in<.!o- 
lent,  averf'e  to  drinking  the  rein-deer  b!o(  i,  and  un- 
willing to  leave  the  hut,  when  he  eoiil  1  polT-b!-  void 
it,  wa,,  fiion  after  their  ariival,  kized  with  the  •  vv, 
which  afterwanis  liecame  lb  bad,  th.  t  he  paficil  ...uiotl 
fix  years  under  the  greatell  fuiferings.  In  the  l.nter 
part  of  that  time  he  became  fb  weak  that  he  couki  lu 
longer  fit  erecb,  or  even  r.ufe  his  hand  to  his  mouth ; 
fi)  that  his  humane  companions  were  obii;;ed  to  feed 
and  rend  him,  like  a  new-born  infiuir,  to  t!ie  hour  of 
his  death. 

\N'e  liave  before  obfervcd,  that  they  brouglit  with 
th.em  a  finall  bag  of  flour.  Of  this  they  had  confumcd 
alxnit  one  half  with  their  meat;  .and  the  remaindr 
tluy  employed  in  a  diflerent  manner,  though  equally 
uleitil.  They  tiion  t'ound  tj-.e  necefTity  of  keeping  up 
a  continual  fire  in  tl)  cold  a  climate,  and  jx-rccived  that, 
il  it  Ihould  unfiirtunately  go  out,  they  had  no  ineans 
of  lighting  it  again  :  f()r  though  they  iiad  a  flcel  and 
flint,  yet  they  wanted  both  match  and  tinder. 

In  their  exciirfions  timiugh  the  country,  they  had 
ITU  t  witii  a  llimy  loam,  or  a  kind  of  clay,  out  of  whicii 
t!iey  found  means  to  form  an  utenfil  that  might  ferve 
for  a  lamp;  and  the\-  pro]u>ted  to  keep  it  conllanrly 
burning  wi'h  the  fjt  of  the  aniinals  they  ihould  kill. 
This  was  certainly  the  iiuifl  rational  fchcnie  thev  cnuld 
have  thougiit  of,  for  to  be  without  a  light  in  a  climate 
where,  during  the  winter,  darknefs  reigns  for  f'ever.d 
months  together,  would  have  ailded  much  more  to 
their  calamities.  Having,  therefore,  fafbioned  a  kind 
of  lamp,  they  filled  it  witii  rein-deers  fat,  and  flu,  k  in 
liiine  twilleil  linen,  fliaped  into  a  wick.  IJut  they  had 
the  mortification  to  find  that,  as  liion  as  the  far  mehed. 
it  not  onlv  foaked  into  the  clay,  but  ran  through  on  all 
lilies,  it  was  therefore  neceffar)-  to  ilcvife  f  )me  ineani 
lor  preventing  this  inconvenience,  not  riling  from 
cracks,  but  from  the  fubflance  of  wiiich  tiie  lamp  wa^ 
made  being  too  porous.  They  therefore  made  :'.  new 
one,  drieil  it  thoroughly  in  the  air,  then  hi  .ited  it  red 
hot,  and  ;ifterwards  quenchid  it  in  tiieir  kettle,  "here- 
in they  had  boiled  a  quantity  of  flour  down  to  tiiC  con- 
filleni  e  of  tiiin  flan  h.  I'he  lamp  beir.g  thus  dried,  ami 
tilled  with  fat,  they  now  fouiul,  to  thtir  great  joy, 
did.  not  leak ;  but,  for  greater  fecurity,  they  dipp:\l 
tinen  rags  in  their  patle,  and  covered  all  it",  outfidc 
with  them.  Succei\!ing  in  this  attempt,  they  imme- 
diati  ly  made  anothi-r  lamp,  for  fear  of  an  at ;  idenr, 
rliat,  at  ail  events,  they  migiit  not  be  th'Ibtute  of  light. 
When  they  hatl  made  theml'elves  thefe  t\o,  tluy 
thought  proper  to  fave  the  remainder  of  the'r  flour  lor 
fimilar  purpoles. 

As  they  had  carefully  collee'icd  wliatever  liappened 
to  be  c.ill  on  Ihore  to  fiipply  them  with  fiiel,  they  had 
lound  amoii|r  tiie  wrecks  of  vefTels  li)iiie  cordage,  and 
a  linall  quantity  of  oakum,  whitli  I'erved  them  to  make 
wicks  lor  their  lamjis.  Wlicn  thefe  flores  be.;an  to 
fail,  their  Ihirt ,  and  drawers  were  employed  to  make 
gooil  the  dclicieney.  Uy  thefir  means  rhey  kept  a  lamp 
burning  With'iiit  interniiffion,  from  the  day  th<  y  firft 
maiie  th^  m,  until  that  of  their  em.barkation  for  their 
native  country. 

The  lu'celfity  of  convertiiu;;  the  mofl  elTential  parts 
of'  th(  ir  cl';athing,  t'uch  as  tluir  thirts   and  drawers,  to 

tiiC 


)GR.\PI1Y. 

rry  means  (ifcrirf,  in 
th  lb  t.it.il  ;i  liilbrile-, 
d  any  nj^imcn  j^cne- 
[X:un\\  this  inipciKling; 
ho  hatl  Irvcr.il  times 
crj^fM,  ailvil<-i.l  Ms  iin- 
raw  ami  tVnzi-u  meat 
k  tlie  bl')oil  i>r  rein- 
fir  vtitis  immediately 
nurliexerrifc  as  polll 
;iali.,  whieii  grows  in 

ledies  to  he  rfficlual; 
p'lrlvied   this   nuthoii, 

taint  of  the  dilortler. 
Iv)  was  naturally  iniii)- 
n-deer  bl'x  ^i,  ami  iin- 
\e  coiiU  pof!;!-)!'.  .void 
llizeil  witli  tlie  ■  •  vv, 
,  rh.  t  he  pafied  ..l;iiolt 
ilrint;?.  In  tl-.c  Inter 
weak  that  he  coula  lo 
lis  hand  to  Wi^  mfiuth  ; 

were  obli.'^ei!  to  (eiil 
I  infant,  to  tlic  hour  of 

hat  they  brought  with 
:h!s  they  had  confiimed 
a" ;  and  the  reinaind  r 
lanncr,  tiiough  equally 
icccfTitv  of  kecpini;  up 
ate,  and  i>erccived  that, 
lit,  they  had  no  means 
jh  they  had  a  llcel  and 
:h  and  tinder, 
the   country,  they  had 
id  of  elay,  out  of  which 
itenfil  that  might  ferve 
I  to  kceji  it  tonHantly 
nimals   thev  ilioiild  kill, 
onal  fchcme  they  cniilJ 
lout  a  lii^ht  in  a  climate 
nefs  reij'ns  for  fevera! 
added    much   more  to 
tfore,  falhioned  a  kind 
deers  fat,  and  llu.  k  in 
a  wick.     But  they  iiad 
foon  as  the  far  melted. 
,  but  ran  throu^^li  on  al! 
y  to  dcvile  f  >me  meani 
nee,    not    rilinp;    from 
of  which  the  1  imp  w.n 
therefore  made  ■•'.  new 
air,  then  he.ited  it  red 
in  their  kettle,  ■■  hcre- 
tlour  down  to  ti.e  con- 
np  bcin^;  thus  dried,  and 
to  iluir  f;n  at  joy, 
r  fecurity,  they  dipped 
covered  all   iti   outfide 
s  attemiJt,  tiiey  i-iuiie  • 
fear  of  an  ac.  idenr, 
t  be  dellitute  of  light. 
Hves    thefe    t  \o,    they 
fuukr  of  their  lloiir  fur 

ed  whatever  hap(-ened 

■.em  with  fuel,  they  h.ii 

Ifels  f  line  cordage,  and 

h  '"erved  them  to  make 

ihefe  (lores  bei;an  to 

err  einploycd  to  make 

imair.  rliey  kept  a  lamp 

Inni  the   day  th(  y  firlt 

embarkation  for  their 

tlie  ni'jfl  erfeiiti.d  parts 
r  thirty   and  drawers,  to 

tliC 


trKOLM',] 


6    R    E    E    N    L    A    N    D. 


Cot 


the  u!e  before  fpeci''e  :,  expofed  them  t'le  more  to  tl;e 
ripjc'ir  I'f  t!ie  clim.u,-.  'I'liey  alfotou.'-.d  tlitmfclvcs  in 
v.'ur.t  of  ilioes,  boot.i,  and  oti'.er  iUti^lea  of  drcG  j  Jnd, 
aa  winter  was  approacl.i.i^;,  were  a^'aiii  oblij'ed  to  liave 
re<  )U! '••  t"  ti'.at  ingenuity  which  neC(  !luy  ri;j.';.,erL',,  and 
\v;iiili  I,  i  '(MU  t:;ii:.  in  ii-.e  tryiiu;  lioiir  ol'Jillrel.s. 

'I'l.i  y  iiiid  iki.'ib  ol  riin-dter  .'.nd  tocsin  aljunJance, 
■th.t  iiad  liitlierto  I'erve.i  th.em  fur  beddui;';,  I'lid  wliicii 
thev  ii'jw  thoii^iit  of  cnp; oyiii;^  in  fome  more  eni.'itial 
fei\  I  e  ;  but  tlie  qi!e!lit;ii  was  h  )w  to  tan  them.  A-t'ter 
ittli' I  r.iiin.'T  on  this  matter,  tliey  took  th.e  tbllowiny 
nv  tiir.d.  'i  h(  V  foaked  the  (kins  for  fevcral  day.  in 
frcMi  water,  tiil  th^y  could  piiii  off  th.e  hair  toleiably 
i;i!v  :  they  then  rubbed  tlie  wet  le.'ther  witii  their  hands 
till  it  v:is  nearly  dry,  when  tliey  fpread  li)me  melted 
reindeer's  fat  over  it,  ai'.d  a>j;aiii  rubbed  it  v.ell.  By 
this  procc!s!he  leather  becanie  ll.'t,  pliant,  an.l  liip;ilc, 
pr.ij  er  to  anfv.tr  every  purpolc  (or  wliich  it  wa.s  in- 
ten.lrd.  'I'lioil-  Ikins  v,!-.i>.h  they  d.cfr^ncd  lor  furs  they 
oniv  loakcJ  one  li.iy,  to  prr;)are  tlieni  for  being  v.'iuugiit, 
and  then  iirorecdcd  in  tiie  manner  belbre  mentioned, 
CK.'.  p't  oiiiy  th.'.t  tiiey  uid  not  remove  t!-.c  hair,  'ri.u., 
tl.e\  ioc.n  rioviJcd  tiiemklvts  with  tlie  necclK'.ry  ma- 
te!! !;>  for  ail  tl;c  p.iiis  ofdivls  tliey  v.aiiicd. 

i'u:  here  anoiiier  dilRculty  (.ciirrcd.  They  had 
nei'.iicr  awls  for  ir.aiiing  (lioes  or  boc  t;.,  or  needk-s  tor 
f.wiiig  their  garment:..  'I'hife  v..;:;::,  I.  nvever,  they 
(00:1  ft!])plied,  by  means  of  ilie  bits  of  iron  ilicy  had 
occif;oii.illy  collected.  Out  of  tlufe  they  made  both, 
aid,  by  their  own  indullry,  even  broiigiit  them  to  a 
cert.'.in  deg-.ee  of  [!e:'iection.  'I'he  m.il.ing  eyeii  to  their 
ir.eJ.le.--  i..di;ed,  gave  tliem  no  linal!  trouble  ;  but  t;:is 
ti'.ey  .;l(o  per.'oraie^l  with  tlie  aHillance  of  tia-ir  khuc; 
lor  (-.aving  ground  it  to  a  very  lliarp  point,  and  heated 
red  hot  a  kind  of  wii'e,  they  pierced  a  hole  through  one 
tn.i,  and,  by  wetting  and  fmootr.ing  it  on  iUjiies, 
bi'MU.rht  tlic  Other  to  u  point,  and  thus  gave  tae  whole 
ucedie  a  toler.ible  gooil  torm. 

The  next  mateii.il  inllniment  wanted  was  a  p.iir  of 
fcil'.ars  to  cut  out  ti-.c  Ikins:  but  th  s  deiieiciicy  was 
fuppiiei  by  their  kni.e  ;  and  though  thu'e  was  neither 
tavLir  or  liiocmaker  among  them,  yet  they  contrived 
t )  cut  out  their  leather  .ind  furs  well  enough  (>>r  the 
p'irpo'.c.  The  iinewa  o(  th.e  bears  ai'.d  reiii-ucer  Ic'rved 
t;-.em  ii;r  threid.  Tluis  pi-ovidcd  v.ith  the  necellary 
implements  th.ey  proceedivl  to  make  thiir  new  cloaths. 

Tiieir  fumincr  drels  conlilled  or  a  kii-.d  of  jacket  and 
tronlers,  iii.\d.e  of  ikin.s  pre[).iied  as  above.  In  winter 
they  wore  long  fur  gowns,  like  th.e  .S.unoides  or  I.ap- 


lui.iers, 


iiiniillicd 


ho 


covered   the 


he.id  and  ne.  k,  leaving  only  .ii  opeiii  ig  lor  the  (ace. 
Tiieic  g;;wns  were  I'cwed  cloli-  lour.d,  10  that,  to  put 
tl-.em  oil,  th-y  were  obliged  ti)  bring  rliem  over  their 
hca.ls  like  a  li;irr. 

W  h.eii  our  mariners  h.^d  palled  ne.ir  fi.K  years  in  this 
diliii.,1  place,  the  ;ii:iii,  whole  iihet:.  ii.is  been  alreaeiy 
lueiiii  Ti.d,  and  v.ii(<  li.ul  been  all  .d.iig  in  a  hiiig-uid 
cimdiiion,  died,  aiter  lia\  ing,  in  the  latter  part  (j|  his 
li.e,  H.i'.'cred  the  iii<<i*^  e;;crui  iating  pains,  'i'hoiiglt 
they  v.c»%  thus  freed  lioin  the  trouble  of  attending  him, 
;nd  (j^^griel  of  being  witnelies  to  his  mitery,  v.'iiiiout 
being  able  to  .ilford  iiim  any  relief,  they  were  fM'eatly 
aftli-tcd  i'.t  iii-i  de.;t!i  They  Lr.v  tl-.eir  nuuiber  lelleiied, 
and  every  one  wilbed  t'j  be  t;ie  (irll  tliat  IhouM  loUow 
i.iui.  .-Vs  he  ^'.ied  in  wi.uer,  they  dug  a  gr.ivc  in  the 
(iiow  .;s  '.\rc\i  lis  tin  y  coul.l,  in  v,h  cJi  they  laid  the 
ton  le,  ..nd  iIki'  ci  \(  re.i  ii  over  in  the  belt  in.nner 
tlity  coUid,  to  itcine  ii  a  ^lu  tlit  i;cirj. 


At  the  time  when  the  melancholy  refleiiiort,  occa- 
fioned  by  tlie  death  of  their  comrade,  came  frefh  in 
tlicir  inindE,  and  when  each  expeitcd  to  pay  this  laft 
duty  to  the  remaining  comp.mions  of  his  misfortunes, 
or  to  rec  ive  it  from  them,  they  unexpectedly  got  fight 
of  a  Uufiian  Ihip.  This  happened  on  the  15th  of  Au- 
giill,  1749.  This  veiltd  belonged  to  a  trader  of  the  Cctl 
called  by  its  adherent..  .Stata  Vieva,  that  is,  The  Old 
l''ait!i,  v,ho  Isad  come  (iom  Archangel,  and  propofcd 
wintering  in  Nova  Zembia ;  but  the  contruy  winds 
they  met  with  on  tlieir  palfage  rend.eretl  it  impofTiblc 
for  ih'.in  to  reach  the  place  of  their  deftination.  The 
V(  l!el  was  diiven  towards  Spit.^.hergen,  direftly  oppo- 
(ite  to  tile  relidence  of  our  mariners,  who,  as  foon  as 
they  perceived  her,  hallened  to  light  tires  o.t  the  hills 
iie.irell  tl'.eir  habitation,  and  then  ran  to  the  beach, 
wa\  ing  a  (lag,  m.ide  of  rein-deer's  hide,  fattened  to  a 
pole.  The  people  on  board,  feeing  thefe  fignals,  con- 
clutled  that  they  were  men  o.t  the  Ihore  who  implored 
tiieir  aniihince,  and  therefore  came  to  an  anchor  not  far 
from  the  land. 

It  is  almolt  impofTible  to  dtfcribe  the  joy  of  tlicfe 
•loor  peo;ile  at  leeiiig  the  moment  of  their  deliverance 
!(<  near.  I'liey  f<;on  .agreed  with  the  mailer  of  the  fhip 
to  work  for  him  on  the  voy.age,  and  to  pay  him  So  ru- 
bles on  their  arrival,  for  taking  them  on  board,  with 
all  their  lichcs,  which  coniillcd  in  50  pud,  or  2000 
p.)Ur,  is  weiglit,  of  rein-ileer  fat,  in  many  hides  of  thelb 
animal..,  aiid  ::!  (l;insot  tiie  bh.*;  and  white  foxes,  togc- 
tl  ■  r  v.ith  tlicj^e  of  tiie  ten  white  bears  they  had  killed. 
They  t  jok  care  not  to  forget  their  bow  and  arrows ; 
their  fpears  ;  their  knife  anil  axe,  which  were  almofl 
worn  out  ;  their  av.ls  and  needles,  which  they  kept 
carefully  in  a  bone  box,  very  ingenioufly  made  with 
the  kniti;  only  ;  and,  in  fliort,  every  thing  they  were 
podi-lVed  of 

Our  adventu.'-ers  arrived  fafe  at  Archangel  on  tlie 
iHth  of  .Srptemlier,  1749,  having  ("pent  lix  years  and 
time  months  in  their  rueful  Ibhtude. 

'I'lie  moment  o(  their  landing  had  nearly  proved  fatal 
to  tlie  loving  an  !  beloved  wife  of  one  of  them,  who,  be- 
ing preient  when  the  velfel  came  into  port,  immediate- 
ly kne'.i.  her  iuilband,  and  ran  with  lb  much  eagernefs 
to  his  embraces,  that  (he  (lipped  into  the  water,  and 
very  narrowly  clcaped  being  drowned. 

.(Vll  three,  on  tiieir  arrival,  were  llrong  and  healthy, 
but  ha\  ing  lived  fb  long  v.ithout  bread,  they  could  not 
reconcile  themlelves  to  the  life  of  it,  and  complained 
that  i:  tilled  tiiem  witii  wind  :  neither  could  they  bear 
any  I'piiitiious  lic]i:ors,  and  therefore  drank  nothing  but 
water. 

However  aftoniiliing  the  above  recital  m.iy  appear, 
the  trutii  of  thefe  adventures  is  fiifficiently  authentica- 
ted. Wlien  tiiefe  unlintunate  tailors  arrived  at  Arch- 
angel, t'ley  were  eximined  by  the  chief  auditor  of  the 
a^liiiir.dty  of  tiiat  city,  who  minuted  down  all  the  par- 
ticulars, which  e.\acrly  coriefponded  with  each  other. 
Mr.  Le  Kay,  profeiiiir  of  hiitory  in  the  Imperial  Aca- 
demy, f  jm;;  time  after  ("ent  (or  two  of  the  men  to  Pe- 
ter(burgli,  (rom  v.iioi'e  mouths  he  took  the  be(i>re  iTien- 
tiotied  narrative,  which  alio  agreed  with  Mr.  Klinftadt's 
iniiu  res,  'i'ne  original  was  piiblillied  in  the  German 
language  at  I'eterliuirgh,  in  tlie  year  1769,  and  tranl- 
iifit.>  ,1  trom  the.'ice  to  the  ingenious  Mr.  (now  Sir  Jo- 
fipli';  Hanks,  who,  with  feveral  other  members  of  the 
Koy.d  Soiiety,  v.ere  tb  well  piealeil  with  the  account, 
tliat  tiiey  directed  a  tranliatioii  of  it  to  be  made  into 
I'jighlli,  Ii...  the  ^iv.tllieatioH  ol  tlie  tuiioui. 


^m 


WiC 


i 


4,; « ' 


L  •  i' 


1-f 


ft= 


■i.'  r 


:il 


\;). 


N 


C  HAP. 


■  ■'■liii 

ill 


■Ml. 


6o;  A  NrW,  ROYAI.  avd  AUTHENTIC  SYSTF.M  of  UXIVF.RSAI.  (.IFOGKAPriV 


C    II    A    P. 


II. 


AND. 


Hfr 


;hii  M 


S  !•.  C  T  I  O  N     1. 

Aiiiitf,  Bcuiiiliirics,  Extent,  Divijions,  Subdiii/tcns, 
Climate,  Soil,  Moutitnins,  Ruen,  i'eg(tJ'les,  .Inimal 
iiitd  Mineral  Pioilitcdin}. 


r  I  ''H  !•'.  n.itivf  s  of  this 

I      by  the  ancients,  to 

lami,  or  l.appia,  was  u 


s  country  were  called  Scritofinni 
)  whom  the  appellation  ot  I.ap- 
a„....,  >..  ,,..ppia,  was  unknown.  Thi-y  orij^inally  in- 
habited I'"ailanil,  from  whence  they  were  ilriven  more 
iiorthwartl,  after  which  they  were  called  Lappes,  which, 
in  the  Mnick  ton^iif,  fignitied  exiles  driven  to  the  moll 
remote  places.  'I'he  natives,  of  coiirfe,  deemintr  that 
appellation  opprobrious,  call  t!;eiiit'el\  cb  Sal)inicnladii. 

Lapland  beini;  fubjecl  to  three  dilUnd  fovereignties, 
viz.  Sweden,  Dciiniark  and  KulTia,  is  divided  into  three 
parts ;  buL  ab  Swedilh  Lapland  is  by  far  t!ie  moll  con- 
iidcrable,  botii  in  point  of  extent  and  popuhuion,  and 
as  they  all  bear  a  fnnilarity  with  refpeft  to  molt  parti- 
culars, we  Iha  1  confine  our  defcription  to  that  divilion; 
obfcrving,  in  ;:.  .eral,  that  all  tii.  country  lyin:;  above 
the  Guiph  of  Bothnia,  along  the  coalt  of  the  north  fea, 
even  to  the  Wiiite  Sea,  is  called  Lapland. 

Swedifh  I-ipland  is  bounded  on  the  cdl  by  RulTia 
I^pland  ;  on  the  well  by  a  ridijc  of  mountains  that 
feparate  it  from  Norway  ;  oii  the  north  by  Dar.ilh  Lap- 
land i  and  on  the  f  )Utli  by  Bot  iiiia,  Ani;eririania,  ami 
SepterLmd.  Its  ftreattll:  e.xtent,  from  i-\\\\  to  weft,  is 
about  360  miles  i  in  breadth  ic  e\tei\ls  from  65  deg. 
•;j  nfin.  to  69  dc;^.  of  north  l.itit'.ide.  It  is  divided 
into  fix  provinces,  or  diftrict;,  the  naincs  of  which  are 
as  follows,  viz.  An<j;ermanland-Laiimark,  Unia-Lap- 
triark,  Pitha-Lapmark,  Lula-Lapmark,  Torno-Lap- 
jnark,  and  Kimi-Lap:nark. 

Thefe  provinces,  each  of  which  receive;  its  name 
from  tl;c  thief  river  that  v.aters  it,  are  again  fubdi- 
vided  into  fmallrr  dirtricts  called  Biars,  and  thefe  con- 
tain a  certain  number  of  families,  called  by  the  Swedes 
Reck.^^^.  Kvery  Heckar,  or  family,  is  allowed  a  confi- 
tierable  track  of  land,  with  tdrelh,  lakes  and  brooks, 
for  the  maintenance  of  their  families  and  cattle  ;  but 
their  lantls  arc  not  enclol'cd,  f )  that  the  property  of  one 
is  often  converted  to  the  ufe  ol  another. 

Lapland  is  lituated  lb  wxx  the  pole,  that  the  \w\  nei- 
ther lets  in  fiiminer,  or  riics  in  winter.  In  the  latter 
feafon  the  cold  is  fo  intenfc,  that  none  but  the  iiative.i 
are  able  to  bear  it.  The  moll  rapid  rivers  are  tl-.cn 
frozen  up,  and  the  ice  is  tw!)  or  three,  and  loiiirtiines 
four  or  live  feet  thick.  In  fnmmer  the  wrathei  is  as 
fiiltrv  as  it  is  cold  in  winter :  tor  autumn  and  Iprinf^ 
are  unknown  in  this  dimate.  The  excellivc  heat, 
however,  is  qtialilied  bv  the  vapours  that  rile  tiom  the 
fea,  and  bv  tlie  fnow  ttiat  lontiiuie:.  all  the  liimmer  (xi 
tlie  tops  of  the  mountains,  ::iid  in  ditches  that  are 
jheltered  fii  in  the  fun.  It  I'eldom  rains  in  the  fiini- 
iner,  biit  '\>\  \M.ner  tf.e  \s!i)le  couiitiy  is  covere.l  v. idi 
fnow. 

Thebtil  tiefcription  of  the  clim.ite  of  this  country 
is  given  bv  M.  Maupertiiis,  who,  with  lever.d  other 
allrononiei'r,  was  fent  liither  by  order  of  the  king  of 
I'r.ince,  to  dil'cover  tlie  figure  of  the  earth  at  the  p'llar 


circle, 
falline;, 
few 


In  Deeeinber  (fas^  he)  the 


or 


fl.mtlv  converted  all  the  vajiOur  in  it  into  fnow  ;  whjrlin* 
it  rotinil  in  white  vortexes.  If  we  went  abroad,  we  fi-h 
as  if  the  air  was  tearing  our  brealls  in  pieces ;  and  the 
cracking  of  the  wood,  of  which  the  houfes  are  bmit, 
as  .f  fplit  by  the  violence  of  the  fmll,  continually 
alarmed  us  witli  an  increale  of  cold :  in  this  country 
you  may  often  fee  ]H-o[)le  who  have  loll  .m  arm  or  a 
leg  by  the  fVofl.  The  cold,  which  is  always  verv  great, 
loinetiinrs  incrcafes  by  fuch  violent  and  lluklcii  de- 
grees, as  are  almofl  infallibly  fatal  to  thole  who  are  lo 
\inhappy  as  to  be  e.xpoleil  to  it;  and  I'ometimes  there 
rife  fudden  tempefts  of  fnow  that  are  llill  more  dancrr- 
ous,  The  wiiuis  li.em  to  blow  from  all  quarters  at 
once,  and  drive  about  thi  fnow  v.ith  fuch  fury,  th.it  ail 
th''  roads  are  in  a  moment  rendered  invifible.  Dread- 
ful i..  the  fituation  of  a  perfon  iiirpriled  in  the  fields 
by  iuch  a  llorm :  his  knov.  ledge  ui  the  country,  ar.ii 
even  the  mark  he  m.iy  haye  taken  by  the  tree,  cannot 
avail  him  ;  iie  is  blinded  by  the  tiiow,  and  if  he  at- 
tempts to  find  hi.^  -...iV  iionie  i>  generally  loll.  In  ll;.,:  r, 
during  the  whole  winter,  the  cold  was  lb  excefTive,  taai 
on  tilt  7th  of  April,  at  Hve  in  the  morning,  the  ther- 
mometer was  fallen  to  twenty  divilions  below  the  point 
of  freezing,  though  every  afternoon  it  rofc  two  or  three 
liivifions  above  it ;  a  difference  in  the  height  not  much 
lefs  than  that  which  the  greatelt  heat  and  Coki  felt  a: 
Paris  ulually  produce  in  t'-.at  inllnimenr.  Thus  in 
24  hours  we  h;ul  all  the  variety  felt  in  the  temperate 
zones  in  the  compafs  of  a  whole  year." 

Though  the  nights  in  winter  are  verv  cold,  longai'd 
tedious,  yet  thofe  inconveniences  are,  in  fome  degree, 
obviated  by  the  Ic-renity  of  the  iky,  the  brightnefs  ot 
the  moon  and  flats,  and  the  refulgent  liglit  of  the  at; 
rora  borealis,  which  is  rellecled  from  the  white  liirlacc 
of  the  earth  covered  with  fnow,  from  all  \shich  fuch  .* 
light  is  produced,  that  the  inhabitants  are  en.ibled  fo 
difcharge  their  ordinary  occupations.  M.  Maupertiiis 
in  fpeaking  of  thefe  nofrurnal  lights,  fays,  "  'I'he 
days  are  no  focner  doled  than  hres  of  a  thoufand 
figures  and  colours  light  up  the  fky,  as  if  ilefigneii  o 
compenfate  for  the  abfence  of  the  fun.  Thele  fires 
have  not  here,  as  in  more  tbuthern  climates,  any  con 
flint  fituation.  Though  a  luminous  arch  is  often  Iciti 
lixed  towards  the  north,  they  f'eem  more  frequently  to 
polit-ts  the  V  hole  extent  of  the  hemilphere.  Some- 
tmies  ihev  b  gin  in  the  form  of  a  great  Icarfof  biij'li- 
light,  with  ts  extremities  ujion  the  horizon,  whitii, 
with  a  iiioti  .n  releinbling  that  of  a  fifliing-net,   glides 


fbftiv 


conri:uiaily 
ready  to  fall,  tor  the  moll  part  hid  the  liin 


tl'.e  fev/  m  mil  ;Us  he  might  have  app-cared  at  mi,'-. lay. 
In  the  mondi  of  January  tli--  cokl  was  increa'cd  to  th.it 
extremity,  t!ia;  M.  Keaumour's  mercurial  thermuriieter, 
which,  at  Paris,  in  th-  great  fit.ll  of  \~o^,  it  was 
t'lought  ilrange  to  lee  tall  to  foiirtien  degrees  Ix  low 
the  lVee7in'.;  poin',  was  now  got  down  to  tliirty-li-ven. 
'I'he  fpiiits  o!  wnie  in  the  wiiieis  was  frozen.  If  wc 
opened  the  dour  of  a  warm  ro'jni,  tlie  external  air  iii- 


the  Iky,   preferving,  in  this  motion,  a  di 


recti'  a  nearly  perpendicular  to  the  nurid.ian  ;  ar.d  molt 
coi'.imonly  aktr  thele  preludes  all  fiie  lights  unite  a: 
the  zenith,  and  liirm  the  top  ol"  a  crown.  An.s,  like 
tliofe  feen  in  hrante  towards  the  nortli,  are  here  tn 
quently  lituated  towar.l>.  the  louth  ;  an. I  olteti  tov.'aru 
both  t!ie  north  ^iid  fouth  at  once.  I'heir  fumniits  ajj- 
proach  each  oclierj  the  di'lancc  of  their  extremitie; 
widens  towards  the  liorizon.  I  have  leen  foiv.e  of  the 
oppofite  ans,  v.hofc  fimimits  alinoll  jviined  at  the  y.e- 
iiith  i  and  both  the  one  and  tliC  (jthcr  have  tiequem'v 
tevcral  concentii.  arcs  beyond  ir.  Their  top,  are  all 
placid  in  the  ilire^lion  ot  ti.e  meri.ii.m,  tliouj^h  with  .a 
iuile  dcelinition  to  the  well;  which  I  did  not  iiii.l  to 
be  conllaiit,  and  which  is  lo'Vietimci  inl'enliblc.  It 
would  be  enJIcts-  to  mention  all  the  diflVrcn:  tii^uics  tliele 
meteors  repiefent,  aud  the  various  motions  with  which 
they  are  aj'itated.  'I'heir  motion  is  mull  commorly 
like  that  of  a])air  of  colours  waved  in  the  air,  and  the 
different  tints  ol'  their  llylit ,  give  them  the  appenran'e 
of  |i)  many  vafl  ilruimers  of  changeable  taffaty.  Some- 
ti:nes  they  line  a  |i,irt  of' tlie  Iky  withfcailef.  Oa  the 
eig!:tee:u!i  ot   December  i  law  a  phtnouiciion  cl   thi'* 

iUlKi, 


GKAITIY. 


EUROIT  ] 


L    A     P     I.    A     N'     1) 


603 


n  it  iiitofiiow;  whirling 
»t-  went  abroa.l,  \vr  Iclt 
alls  in  pii-cf  s ;  .mil  the 
ii  tin-  lioiili  s  art-  built, 

thf   fu>[\,    continually 

cold :  in  this  country 
1  have  loll  an  arm  or  a 
rh  is  always  vt-rv  i^rrat, 
iolrnt  and  liuiUcn  dc- 
tal  to  tlv.lc  who  arr  U) 
C;  and  romctiincs  there 
it  arc  IliU  niori-  dange r- 
V  trom  all  quarters   at 

with  Inch  iury,  th.it  all 
It-retl  invifibk.    Drcad- 

liiriirili-d  in  the  fields 
je  of  the  country,  a:.ii 
<cn  by  the  tree?,  cann')t 
!ic  t'now,  and  it  he  a:- 
;cncrally  loll.  I:.  :ho::. 
)ld  was  U)  fXtefrivc,  ta.ii 

I  the  moinii-.g,  the  thcr- 
livilions  below  the  point 
loon  it  role  two  or  thn  c 
•  in  the  hcif^ht  not  miuh 

II  heat  and  cold  felt  a: 
r  inlbunu-nr.  'I'hiis  in 
y  lilt  in  tlie  temperate 
de  year." 

r  arc  verv  cold,  long  V'd 
ces  are,  in  fome  defirec, 
e  ikv,   the    brightnels  ot 
rfulsrcnt  Turlit  of  the  ai; 
1  from  the  white  furlace 
■'rom  all  which  Inch  ^ 
abitants  are   enabled   f'» 
litions.     M.  Maupcrtuis 
al  li;,'hts,   fays,    "  Tlu 
lan   tires  of  a  thoiifand 
le  ll<y,  as  if  ilefiy;ned    o 
f  the  fun.     Thefe  lires 
jthern  climates,  any  con 
ninoi'.s  arch  is  often  lecn 
eeni  more  frequently  to 
e   hemifphere.      Some- 
f  a  ^rcat  fcarf  of  brijdr 
on  the   horizon,  whii  ii, 
of  a  lilhim^-net,   glide. 
,   in  this  iniJtioii,  a  di 
the  merid.ian  ;  a.-.il  moll 
|-s  all  tiie   lights  unite   a: 
a  crown.     Arcs,   like 

I  the  nortli,  are  here  tn 
|iith  i    an.!  often  lov.MrJ 

le.  Iheir  Uiiiimits  ap- 
iiv  e  of  their   ty.tremiti>-; 

II  have  Uen  foiv.e  ot  the 
lalnioll  joined  at,  the  v- 
\c  i,thi.r  have  trecjuentlv 

i:.  Their  top;  are  nil 
kiiiTi,ii.in,  though  with  .a 
[vhich  I  did  not  lin.l  t.> 
fietinu".    infcniible.      It 

heditlVren:tii.5uivsthefc 
lious  motions  wltliwhicli 
liion  is  moll  conimoiily 
javed  in  the  air,  and  tl'.i.' 
Ive  them  the  appe.irancc 
lu',cab!e  tatiaty.  Some- 
Ky  with  llailet.  Ua  the 
a  pheaoiiitiion  i;!   this 


^^ind,  that,  in  the  nililft  of  all  the  wonders  to  v.hich  1 
was.  iiou  every  il.iy  acculhnned,  railed  my  admir.ition. 
'I'o  the  louth  a  j^^ivat  fpace  of  ihe  fky  apjiearid  tinned 
with  lii  lively  a  red,  that  the  whole  conllellation  of  O- 
lioii  Idol.eil  as  il  it  had  been  dipped  in  blood.  'ri,!,s  light, 
which  was  at  lirit  fixed,  foon  moved,  and  chani^mj^ 
into  other  colrjurs,  violet  and  blue,  lirttled  into  a  dome, 
whole  top  llrod  a  little  to  the  fouth-wellof  the  zenith. 
The  moon  flione  biii^ht,  but  did  not  in  the  le.ilt  dface 
it.  Ill  ihis  coimtry,  uhere  there  arc  light.s  of  lo  many 
diUVrent  colours,  I  never  faw  but  two  that  were  red; 
and  Inch  are  taken  for  prefages  ot  fome  great  misfor- 
tune. Alter  all,  when  people  gaze  at  th.'le  phenomena 
vith  an  nnfihilofopldc  eye,  it  is  not  furpriling  if  they 
dillover  in  them  the  appearance  of  arinies  engaged,  tiery 
chariots-,  and  a  thouland  other  prodif^ics." 

The  foil  of  this  country  is,  in  general,  exceeding 
bad,  beiiiLi;  li)  intermixed  with  llones,  that  hardly  anv 
thii  p  Will  grow  in  it;  but  in  fome  pi  ices  it  is  very 
moilt,  owiiij^  to  the  numberol  marlhcs  and  brooks  with 
wine!)  it  abou  .lis. 

'llie  whole  country  is  full  of rncks  and  mountains. 
Thofc  called  the  D.ifrine  Mountains,  which  feparate 
Lap-land  from  Norw.'v,  arc  of  3  j  rodigious  hci^'lit ; 
and  the  hipji  winds  that  blow  there  jirevent  all  trees 
irom  ta!;ir,(.r  root.  I^eneath  thefe  mountains  are  large 
marlhcs  and  extenfive  forells,  where  there  are  many 
trtes,  th".i;;h  they  llaml  at  a  prear  dilbnee  from  each 
other.  At  the  boft.im  of  the  hills  are  pleatiint  valiies, 
whi.h  .-.re  the  moll  fertile  parts  of  the  countrv,  being 
well  \>atered  by  an  infinite  number  of  Iprings  and 
brooks. 

Moll  of  th'-  rivers  rife  from  the  mountains  of  Nor- 
way, and  tall  into  the  Bothnian  Gulph.  The  chief  of 
fhcle  arc  the  Uma,  I.ula,  Rima,  and  Torna.  The 
Uma  is  greatly  increafed  by  the  waters  that  flow  into  it 
from  the  rivers  Venditor  and  Skialfre.  The  I.ula  and 
Rima  are  both  very  confiderable,  and  are  fwelleti,  in 
their  courle,  by  a  great  number  of  lelTer  ones.  The 
Torna  receives  7c)  rivers,  one  of  which  is  a  Swedifli 
mile  in  bieadtli.  When  the  fnow  melts,  all  thefe  riv  rs 
overflow  d;eir  banks;  and  the  cliief  part  of  them  have 
flupendoiis  catararts.  Bcfides  tlie  rivers  here  are  alfo 
many  lakes,  which,  as  well  .is  the  former,  abound 
vith  v,  ri  v;s  kinJs  of  tilh. 

The  torefls  of  Lapland  produce  a  great  number  of 
trees,  among  which  are  the  birch,  p-ne,  and  fir.  Some 
parts  ot  it  alfo  produce  the  I'ervice-tree,  willow,  pop- 
i.ir,  elder,  ani.1  flie  coriuil.  They  have  feveral  forts  of 
plant?;  b'.it  tl'.c  moll  ul'cful  are  t!ie  angelica  and  forrel, 
V.  I.ieh  .".re  f'.rcat'y  etleemed  by  the  natives,  who  uli.- 
them  in  t'leii-  food.  Tluy  liave  likewife  difterent  kinds 
ol^^'iaf,  !  e.uh,  and  tern:  but  the  moft  plentiful,  as 
wdl  ,is  i,..,l!  ufiful  veget.ible,  is  th.e  niofcluK-,  or  mofs, 
oi  w'Ac'a  riieie  are  leveral  Ipecies,  either  adhering  to 
treis,  ('r  crfiv.ing  on  the  furlace  of  the  earth.  The 
rcin-t!'.-,  r  i:,  .di'.ioll  wiudly  fullained  by  this  vegetable, 
v.iiicli,  ind.eeJ,  i.e  pirti-rs  to  all  others,  ;;nd  without 
v.hirli  he  c:'.n:i(  t  liiblill.  'I'he  natives  not  only  ui'c  it 
as  forasre  f  r  tluir  c.srtle,  but  boil  it  in  brot!)  as  a  cor- 
iii;d  :iik1  refroraiive. 

1  1'  re  is  alio  great  plenty  of  berries,  fucii  as  black, 
currai.'s;  tf.e  Nor\\e^ian  mulberry,  wiiich  grows  upon 
a  creeping  plant,  and  is  much  elleemed  as  an  antifcor- 
I'litic;  ralbenics,  cianbeiiies  and  bilHerrii-s.  Jiini- 
jer  beriics.-re  alii)  very  p.lt  ntitlil,  and  fume  of  the  trees 
t;row  to  a  ronlideiable  height. 

The  animds  f)f  tl.i.^  cou.uiy  are  Ptag';,  bears,  wolves, 
foxes  oi'  It  vcf.d  colours,  (ijuirrds,  ermine:;,  martens, 
iiues,  glittens,  beavers,  oLicrs,  dks  and  rein-deer; 
b'lt  the  kill  ot'  thefe  is  the  moll  ufehil  to  tlic  natives, 
V.  ho,  V,  idi()Ut  them,  colild  not  polTibly  pirfervc  their 
exillencci  for  thefe  animals  not  oiily  affonl  them  f()od 
iinJ  j^Mrmenfs,  but  r.lii)  fupply  the  place  of  horfcs,  and 
travel  in  thole  part,  where  the  latter  animals  would  be 
entirely  ul'tlels. 

riie  rein-deer  is  a  kind  of  ftag,  with  large  branched 
fioi  lis,  tlie  tojji  of  which  bend  forward  lil;c  a  bow.     I  le 


i.  larger,  llroiiaer,  a:\.\  iwill.-r  than  the  flag;    and  his 

hair  cluni^e'  colour  aceotding  to  the  feafonof  the  year. 

i  lis  hoot.-,  :ire  cloven  mi  moveable,  for  which  reafon 

he  t'preads  them  alirond  as  h'-  runs  along  the  fnow,  to 

prevent  h's  finking  into  it.     The  horns  are  very  high, 

and  divided  into  two  branches  near  the  root.  On  each 

horn  are   three  brandies,  one  above  another,  whicl\ 

.ireagiin  fubdivided  int.)  t"inal!er  ones;  infomuch,  that 

no  horned  b".ill  whatever  has  the  like,  eitiicr  for  bulk, 

brain  lies,  or  weight.     Tiie  horn.,  are  of  a  liglit  colour, 

and  there   are   veins,  or  blood  vcflels,     .inning  along 

them,  under  whidi  there  are  furrows.    When  the  beafl 

runs,  lie  lays  thefe  horns  upon  his  back;  but  there  are 

two  biatiches  that  always  hang  over  his  forehead,  and 

almoll  cover  his  face.     Moft  of  thefe  animals  are  wild  j 

but  tome  of  them  are  tame,  and  exceeding  lerviceable 

to  the  natives.     'I"hofe  which  are  produced  between  a 

tame  doc  and  a  wild  buck  are  not  only  the  largeft,  but 

I  by  far  the  rtrongcll.     Tiiefe  animals  are  of  infinite  ufe 

to  the  Laplanders;  for,  witlujut  fubjefting  them  to  the 

Icufl  expence,  they  fup|)ly  them  with  almoft  every  ne- 

cclliiry  of  life.     From  thefe  creatures  they  are  furnilhed 

with  milk  and  cheefe,  as  alio  fielh,  which  they  hjy  up 

lor  winter  ftore.     The  fkins  afford  caps,  cloaths,  boots, 

flioes,    bedding,    thongs,    and    many  other  articles. 

The  nerves  and  linews  are  twilled  into  thread.     Their 

bows  and  arrows  are  ti[)[)ed  witli  the  bones,  and  their 

boxes  inlaid  with  the  horn,    which  i.  likewife  formed 

j'  intf)  curious  fpoons,  toys,  and  utenfils.  Thefe  animals 

jl  are  likewife  ufed  as  bealls  of  draught  or  burtiv  n;  and 

'I  t.ir  from  ilemanding  any  jirovifion  or  provender,  dig 

V   « it!i  their  feet  among  the  fnow  for  the  mots,  which  they 

j  prefer  to  every  other  kind  of  tood. 

I        I'he  dogs  here  are  vt  ry  fmnll,  not  being  above  a  foot 

j  in  height.     They  turn  up  their  tails,  which  are  fhort; 

and  their  ears  ll.uul  ercrt,  like  thole  of  wolves.    They 

aie  of  a  red  colour,  and  very  lerviceable  in  hunting. 

'i'he  birds  of  Lapland  are  fwans,  geefe,  ducks,  lap- 
wings, fnipes,  moll  forts  of  water-fowl,  heath-cocks, 
ftock-doves,  wood-cocks,  and  partridges.  Befides 
thefe,  they  have  two  kinds  of  f()wl  peculiar  only  to  this 
country.  'I'he  firtl  is  called  the  kniper,  and  is  a  kind 
of  fnipe,  bl.iek  on  the  head,  back,  and  wings;  but  the 
breall  .ind  belly  are  white.  It  has  a  long  red  beak,  let 
with  teedi,  and  lliort  red  t'eet,  relcmblingthofe  of  water- 
fowl. The  other  is  called  the  loom,  and  is  never  feen 
on  the  gro'.ani,  but  eidier  in  the  water,  or  flying.  The 
partridges  here  are  as  white  as  fnow,  and,  inllead  of 
leathers,  their  bodies  are  covered  with  a  kind  of  wool. 
The  rocks  and  mountains  are  frequented  by  eagles, 
hawks,  falcons,  kites,  and  other  birds  of  prey. 

The  chid  inteds  here  are  flics,  which,  in  t!ie  fum- 
mer,  are  hatched  in  the  moraffes  and  woods,  and  are 
freqi  .ndy  to  numerous  as  to  obfcure  the  li,';ht  of  the 
day.  They  are  venomous,  and  exceeding  troublefome; 
infomuch,  that  the  rein-deer  Hy  to  the  tops  of  the 
mountains  for  fndter;  and  the  inhabit.iiirs  move  to  the 
fea-fide;  thefe  parts  being  the  leall  int'etleil  by  thefe 
p.eflilent  vermin.  Monlieur  Maupertuis  liiys,  that, 
while  he  v.as  tiiere,  the  Hies  were  fo  troublefome,  that 
even  the  !•  inland  loldiers,  who  were  counted  tlie  moll 
hardy  troops  in  the  fervice  of  Sweden,  were  obliged  to 
cover  their  fices  vvi-li  tlie  Ikirts  of  their  coats  from  the 
attacks  of  thefe  animals,  which  fwarmed  to  liich  a  de- 
gree, that  the  moment  a  piece  of  flelh  appeared,  it 
w.is  blackened  .ill  over.  -Some  of  theli"  Hies  are  very 
large,  wit!i  gi'-en  liead.,  and  draw  blood  from  the  Ikin 
ivheiever  tiiey  llri!;e. 

The  river-,  aiivl  lake',  abound  with  delicious  fahnon, 
which  come  fror.i  the  Gulph  of  Biithniai  alio  trout, 
bream,  and  perch,  all  of  winch  are  of  cxquifue  flavour, 
and  of  amazing  li/e. 

In  fome  of  the  dillridls  are  mines  of  filVcr,  lead,  and 
coppier,  together  wi-!i  excellent  veins  of  iron  ;  but 
they  are  not  ;it  jjiefen:  worked  to  any  confider.ible  ad- 
vantage, theii  lituution  being  almoli  in.'.ccellible.  In 
the  ilillrict  of  Toiiio  there  is  a  vein  ot  gokl  and  fiU 
ver  mixed,  another  of  lead  ar.d  tilver,  and  *  third  of 

copper ; 


■fill 
"'1  't 

•  .  I 

ii 


k'-t  i 


«o* 


A  NF.W,  ROYAl.  ano  Al'Tnr.NTIC  SYSTFM  ci  I'N'UTUi^Al.  GtOGR  APf^Y. 


I' 


ll   ^ 


cop[->cri  .mil  Ikmc  tliry  Ivivc  iiotli  cnpptT  works  ani.1  a 
fiiiimiiy.  riicy  li.iw  .illii  liirti.icrs  in  tin-  pioviiue  ol' 
Lul.i,  wilt  Tf  tin  y  im!t  til"  lilvcr  wlijcli  thf"  itij^  in 
th.u  p.irt  ot' tilt  CDiintiv.  'I'lidl'  mine"!,  !'••.»  t,  arr 
only  workftl  for  a  Ihurt  time  in  tiic  tiiniiiur,  .iif  cli- 
mate biing  Id  iVvcre  tor  the  i>riiu  ip.il  part  ot  tin- 
year,  as  to  prevent  the  engines  trom  |ierti)rming  their 
offices. 

In  the  rivers  and  l.il.es  .ire  lonnil  iKMiititiil  trylhils 
ot  a  pi'iilitMoiis  li/i,  .in.i  !(>  hard  ,ind  fine,  that,  wh  n 
polilheil,  they  appc.ir  hkc  real  liiamnn'.tv.  H<-rt  aie 
likiwil'ea  greai  v.mt  ly  ut'iiirioiis  llnnes,  lomeol  whiih 
bear  the  r. lenibiante  uf  aniiniis,  trees,  \c.  When  the 
njti\«s  fini.1  th<  fe,  tluv  pl.ice  theni  in  loine  conlj  iiu- 
oi:s  place,  and  worlliip  thtiii  .:>  vldties. 

s  E  c  r  I  c)  \   II. 

Peri'oiis,  DifprJhtoKf,  Lrr^r.-in,  ll(i/ti,ifiiiis,  Dr^/s, 
LltiiJiU,  hmpi'\iiic>it.u  A'ttia-J cf  'frjVi.-/Jinj(,  (.'njioms, 
ALint.igi  ai.d  Funeriil  Ctrein'.ni(<,  Dtjitij't-s,  Luii- 
giiigi,  <Jc.  cf  I'l^  Na:::ii  cf  LupimJ.  .. 

THE  I  ..iplaiul'.rs  are  remarkably  (hort  in  llafire, 
the  j;t  ncrality  of  t.'u  ni  i;<)t  biir.i^  .'.bove  tour  Icct  , 
and  a  halt  lii^ili,  and  lonie  or'  iluiii  even  umler  that  ' 
fizCj  the  caulc  of  \vhiih  is  attiib'.itvd  tcthe  feveriry 
i)f  the  fliiuatc,  and  the  poornel'-.  ot  their  living.  1  hey 
.ire,  in  ^',eneral,  veiy  ilil'a|j;rteably  lurnied,  liavinj;  a 
larj'.c  he  id,  a  broad  torthtad,  hollow  and  bleared  eye-, 
a  lliort  and  f.-it  noic,  :.\\A  .1  bro.id  t'.ue,  with.  Ili  >rt, 
bl.uk,  and  ron^'Ji  hair,  'rhty  liave  bro.id  brealU, 
(lender  waills,  and  lin.U  le;;s;  but  tliey  arc  llron'', 
hardv,  .md  adtive,  inluniiiJi,  tliat  they  will  bear  in- 
credible fatitJiici  and  it  is  remarked,  tliat  the  lloiitt.ll 
Nor^^eyian  is  not  abh.-  to  I'cnd  the  bow  of  a  l,aplantltr. 
The  women,  howevei,  :Me  much  Icl-.  homely  than  tne 
n:cni  and  Ionic  ul  thciii  have  a  ilclicatc  and  tloii.l 
complexion. 

Ill  their  itil'poliri'  ns  tiuy  are  very  horn  ll  and  hotpi- 
tablc;  but  lb  limortjur,,  that  they  will  /  the  nioiiu-nt 
they  perceive  a  vcliel  .it  lea,  or  tiie  leall  tontllcp  ot  .1 
ftian^er.  liny  aie  n.uiir.illy  h.ilty  and  p.ill".onate, 
and,  wiien  once  provoked,  not  e.ilily  apjK-akd.  1  hey 
indulge  thcniklvcs  in  lazintrs  to  Inch  a  dej^ree,  that 
tliev  neither  I'loiigh  nor  low,  but  kave  their  j^round 
totally  iiniuluv.iudi  neither  will  they  leek  for  pro- 
vciivkr  eithi  r  I  y  huntii,;'  or  lilV.inj-;,  till  thiy  are  com- 
pelled to  it  Irom  mere  iui.ill.t\.  It  hatii  been  oblerv- 
cd,  that  when  they  have  been  iianlported  to  more 
moder.ite  climates,  tluy  have  loon  died,  though  in 
their  own  country  tluy  live  to  a  j^reat  ;'.,-:,r.  It  i>  no 
uncommon  thing  to  kc  a  Laplander,  U|)v.ards  01  jn 
hundred  years  ot  at;e,  luMuillf,^  ti^wlin:,',  Ikaitiiig,  and 
perionnii.>;  .ill  t!ic  lescreil  ..Acrcilcs  with  the  molt  alto- 
nill.ing  agility.  .    .  .  ■ 

1  heir  hoiiks,  or  rather  iiuts,  nre  made  ot  j)ieces  of 
timber,  or  ralters  joi.icd  to;.^cther,  and  eovered  with 
airf,  or  the  branches  of  pine-trees  m-\   coarfe  cloth. 
.Some  ot  them  are  built  upon  trees  to  prevent  their  be- 
ing ovcrwiieluicil  with  Imv,  ;ii.d  to  fecuie  them  trom   j 
the  wild  brails.     'I'heir  hits   have    t.wj  doors,  at  the   ^ 
lellel  of  which  no   wom.;n   inulf  ei.ti  r,  bccaufe  from    ; 
thence  the  men  go  to  hur.:,  .md  llioukl  they  meet  the   ! 
woman  ai  ;;oing  out,  it  w(.»u!d  be  co'ilii.'eied  ai  a  bad   '■ 
omen.     '1  hey  have  n(>  other  chimnits  tlian  a  hole  at  | 
the  to])  of  their  huts,  which  ferves  to  let  the  Inioak   | 
out,  ai.d  the  li^Hit  in.     Their  tlorehoiifei  are  built  in   I 
trees,  to  iVruie  their  p-roviiions  (i.)in  bears  ahd  (Jtiier   , 
wild  bealls. 

Their  diefs  in  fummer  confiih.  of  a  clo.i:  garment,  ^ 
reachinf-',  to  the  r.nd.'Ii  wftliclcjis,  and  l.iibi.cd  round 
the  waiil  with  bek*^.  'J'hev  have  no;  an\  linen,  and  ; 
their  cloatli^  .".re  made  of  coar'i-  wool,  ol  a  d.irk  grey 
colour.  The  ri  her  li'ir  have  rheir  eloaths  ot  V4:i(ju:.  ;' 
colours,  but  red  is  ihe  molt  i:nii  1.  li.nly  clleenii  d.  Ai  , 
their  [girdles  they  h.i'.nj;  .1  Noin.-y  kni:e  .uid  a  ]v)ik:!i,  ' 
li;e   l.'.tf.cr  ot  v,l,i,.]i  eoi;i.i..io  llint',  ;;i.i;c1kj,  .in  I  to-   1 


b,ir(o,  with  ofh  r  neeedlirirsj  the  (girdle  itielf  Ivlnij 
decorated  with  brats  rini»',  and  (  h.iins.  'I'li  ir  ni  ;ht- 
r.ips  are  matle  ot  the  Ikins  of  the  bird  loom,  witii  t';t* 
ft.^therson;  anil  thrir  llioes  of  tlie  Ikins  of  rein-deers 
v.ith  the  hair  outward;..  In  winter  they  are  total'v 
fated  up  in  coats,  t.ips  boot--,  and  (rioves,  made  <;! 
the  reindeer's  Ikin,  witli  t.'ie  hair  inw.irds.  'I'he  Wi>. 
nun"'-  .ippanl  ihllirs  li::t  litrle  trom  t'l.it  of  the  iiim: 
tiey  h.:nn  to  t'leir  i  ird!-  s  many  riii'.^s,  ihains,  tiv>, 
and  knives,  witli  .1  H'edh*  e.;;e,  an. I  other  tii.lc. 
1  liiir  thre;'.d  is  made  ol  I'le  (iiiews  of  rein- deer,  .ml 
in  winter  they  lie  in  their  tkirr..  In  f'rmner  th'/  .ill 
lover  themlelves  ar  iii;'ht  with  larj'i'  puces  of  cnarjc 
iloiii,  to  Itciirc  thtni  Ironi  being  Ihiiv;  by  the  lliij 
ami  LV'ats. 

I  he  L.iplinders  ni.nl.r  all  their  ov/n  t'l'n.it'ire;  tin  i.- 
boais,  tl'.iir  lit  ';;es,  ani  their  bowi  .in  |  .irrow-.  'I  l,r 
boards  with  whu  h  tiny  make  their  ho  it.  arc  falbv- 1 
t<>[.',ether  with  t\%i;;s,  tlie  nerves  ot  n-in  lieer,  orili- 
fiiiail  root,  of  rr-Ts  twitted  together  likf  rojvs;  :•-,  i 
th<-y  caulk  iln-m  with  111. its  to  keep  oi:r  the  v..^.r.r. 
They  make  bo.\ei  of  their  bireh  pl.irk'.,  which  i'  y 
nearly  inlay  with  i;.e  horn;  of  rin  ;l-r;  and  tr.;  .■ 
are  \  cry  dextrous  ai  I'l.il.in;',  balki  ts  it  liie  r/.ti  1,1 
trees,  ilit  in  Ion;;  ihi.i  piei  :••,  and  t'viile  I  to^;' •':■  r 
.Some  ot  thele  are  iii.ide  to  neat  that  tlit  y  v.ill  '.:  \.\ 
water;  and  tliey  are  p.ntii  til.irly  .uhhircd  bv  {..■.: 
Swe.ies. 

riiele  articlej  are  111.'  le  iiy  the  men,  wlio  .ill  1  ]••■ 
film  the  otiice  of  cook,  by  ilrrliln:;  vftu'ls  tnr  r  : 
family.  Ti,c  v...inen  are  emplovcd  as  taylors  an  1  tii.- 
btoulrrersj  they  m.'.ke  ■.lo.i'l's,  llioes,  an.l  bo.iti,  ami 
harneli  fijr  the  rein-deer:  t!iey  Ipiii  thread  witii  ti:', 
^xniX  knit  it  int.)  caps  and  ploves,  v.liich  are  very  i  :■: 
and  warm;  t!iey  likewiie  dr;iw  tin  into  wire  throiieh  .'. 
hern,  and  with  tiiis  they  cover  their  tiire.id,  wliich  t!i. . 
ul'e,  in  c  ibr.iklering  on  tl;eir  c.-.p.<  and  girdle,  t;i.- 
fi^'ircs  of  Dtails,  flowers,  trees,  ll.irs,  ive. 

T:;j  mo;intaine"r^  live  chiellv  on  t.he  tlelli  ard  m  ". 
of  tile  rciii-deer;  the  former  of  v.hi^  h  t';t  \  dry,  .1  i 
lioni  the  l.'.tter  tliey  ni.ike  I'reat  quiir.tities  ot  clieei. 
'I'hole  who  live  i;i  t!ie  low  counriy  lecd  on  venilii:i  :i:;J 
tilli.  1  i.ey  ha'vc  neither  bread  <:r  fait;  but  iniiead 
thereof  ule  the  inner  rind  of  the  pinc-trei-,  dried  a:> ! 
i'round,  and  dried  filh  reduced  to  powder,  i  h'-v 
make  broth  of  lilli  and  tlelli  boiled  tii.etlier,  and  t:;'-  r 
uliial  drink  is  wa:er  Iv  iteil  in  a  kettle,  which  in  v,ir.;.-r 
han_:;b  continu.uly  over  the  .'"'re;  but  ihc;r  griat  it 
dainty  is  bear's  felli,  whi.  h  they  eat  on  .ill  partic.il.;;- :.  \ 
liv.ils.  On  thele  occ.ilions  likewiie  they  ii;dul?c  tii'-i.i 
lelvesv.  i'h  brandy,  and  in  vert  h  ink  tlliir.lelve;,  Joli.ij-j  / 
a-,  when  they  can  enjoy  a  pijie  of  tobacco.  Ti:':!e  ■,/:  - 
iiuKiitiib  tiie  bater  tort  purc!i:i,e  at  Norway,  .i-;  ui:j  .; 
Ii  w  cuv.s  and  the-  p  tiir  their  winter  Ibne.  1  hey  iiu..'" 
decoctions  ot  berries,  ani.'eiic.!,  a:;d  lor;cI,  wliich  l  '. . 
ar--  not  only  tond  ot',  but  all'oileein  them  exccUc.t  i  r 
terv.ti\es  iijiainll  all  koibutic  dili)iders. 

I'l  lide.^  tlieir  doincllic  bulinels,  the  L.aplanderi  e'li- 
})loy  themlelves  in  luintinii,  in  whii.h  exciiifioiis  ;!:i>' 
ira\il  thiouidi  the  ihow  with  allonilhing  c;;pcvliti .  .. 
■J'I.ey  wear  a  puir  of  lk;iits,  or  th  w  Ihoe?,  win;:;  ..  .- 
ni.idc  ot'  til  b  ards,  covered  with  the  r  jiiidi  ikiii  o;  i  t 
ii  in  deer':  one  of  thefe  is  ufually  us  lor;^  as  ll.e  pir.'ii 
who  Wears  it,  but  the  other  is  ab  uit  a  foot!);";;:. 
'1  he  teet  are  |,l.iced  near  tlie  midale,  and  the  lh'.i'-< 
are  fillened  totnem  with  Ihinvjs,  or  tlnni.'s  iradr  vi.a 
t':e  fiiii  ws  of  the  rein-deer.  WIk-h  t.ic  I  ..ijliai.- •■ 
travels  in  this  rnanr.cr  he  carries  .1  long  pole  in  his  hi.-.  . 
near  the  end  of  which  is  a  round  :  all  of  v.ood;  aa.i  ti  ■' 
not  only  licuies  liim  friiiu  pencrr.itin;^  too  deep  i.tot  .* 
fnow,  but  .iii'o  enables  him  to  dop  hiiui'^df  wiien  u.i:'.- 
iion  i(  cjuiies. 

A  !  .aplander  will  travil  in  iiis  Ijiow  iT.fes  nt  t' <• 
rate  of  tixry  nule>  a  day  wirhout  bei;;;'  iiri:'ue.l.  £> '- 
the  iv.oll  e.yjieilinous  metiiod  ot  tiaveln.'i,.';  in  th  > 
couniiy  is  with  a  lli-d,!0  drawn  by  rein-deer.  'I'hi;  c::i  ■ 
li.'i;  ,  wiiich  i.s  calle.l  by  the  if.r.ives  pul-.hi,  isiiii'e 
in   t!ic   lorin  of' a  i.iuU  b  lat,  -.Mtii  a  convex '.Ajt::.';n. 

ih.it 


3Gn\rriY. 

tlic  lOiillc  irUlf  Iv'iii^ 
(  h.iiiu.  'I'll:  ir  ni  :ht- 
lu-  biril-hioni,  v>\:l\  r'.t* 
till'  Ikiiis  ot  nin-ik-rrs 
isiiUtT  they  are  toi.illv 
,  ;iiul  {'liivrs,  in.ule  i.: 
.'.ir  i!iv..iriis.  Tlir  wd- 
Ir'itii  t'l.ir  ot  thf  iiii;i: 
iMV  riii'.'s,  vImIiis,  t.iv>, 
:,'x,  an. I  orlirr  tii.lci. 
H-wi  of  rrin-tlfcr,  an  I 
I-;.  Ill  I'nimcr  thty  ,ill 
U  !iir"<'  puces  ot  I'laric 
jciny  Ihiin;  by  tlu-  tli^i 

ifir  own  trn-.it'iri.-;  tiiii.- 

InAvs  .Ui-I  .irrow;.   'VKf 

tKc:r  Iviit .  :'.rL'  flute:-  I 

iKu  ot  r<:in  I'.rtfr,  or  ili- 

oy;t-r!irr  lik'-  rops;  ;'iii 

(>  kff|)  rur  thr  v..-.rir. 

ir'h  ]''l.irk.,  whitli  v    jr 

ot  r.i.'i  il  -!•;   .■'.:i  1   t" ; . 

lalki  ts  I't  tiu-   r,-.ri  ■./, 

■f,  .T.d  t'.viil'.-.l  to'^'  •■;■: 

licit  tiur  tlu y  v.ill :::;.! 

iil.irly   iuiu.irc'l   liy  t^.c 

tlu:  men,  who  .ill')  ptr 
'  ilrrlliiv.;  viait.'.ls  t'nr  c'  ■. 
plovcd.ib  t.iy'or. anliii.- 
s,  ih'K-s,  ;'.n.l  l;.-).)ti,  ami 
:-y  I'piii  tluv.ui  with  tin, 
A-;";,  v.liii  h  an-  very  1:': 
sv  til)  iiito  wire  thnr.itzh  .: 
r  their  threatl,  wliiihth; , 
.-ir  ca|)S  aivi   j;irJ.ie,  t:ir 
es,  liars,  ivr. 
tlly  on  the  tielli  ai'il  m 'V 
r  of  v.iii.  h  t'-'tv  dry,  a;;  i 
rrat  qiiar.titic!.  ot  Ciieea-. 
miniy  lec.lon  veiulon  iiiul 
ta.l  <:r  lalt;  bur  iniiea.l 
the  pine-tree,  il.ned  a;' ! 
I'll   to  pow.ier.     'i  h'-v 
ed  t);'.et!.cr,  and  ii;-.-  r 
I  kettle,  wliuhi!iv,;;.:,T 
e:     but   their  ^truu  .t 
Liroaall  partis  •.:!,.;•  M 
.v:!e  they  ir..liil;'e  th'-i.i- 
hiiik  tlleiiilelvfi  lohip;  / 
I'lobaeco.   Ti:':!'e  ■-'.•'  • 
e  at  Norwuv,  .r.  -i.  ■  -i 
ntcr  lli.ie.     1  Ley  ai.i..'- 
,  .i:vd  Ibrrcrl,  wliieh  .  •.. 

;n  them  e\we!i....t  1 1 
tliliiulir';. 
S,  the  Laplanderieni- 
whi^h  ey.«:iiiU'.'iis  :!:i.>' 
allondhing  cxpeJiti^.r.. 
,r  In  w  Ihoes,  whu  h  :.r 
vkh  tiic  rju:.';!i  fkiti  u;  ^  ■? 
,iily  as  lor.o'as  tJ.e  per.' ii 
i.,  ab  lut  a  t')f't  !!;•::  ■■ 
he  iniJc:le,  and  tlic  Ih^-^ 
,  or  th:)r.:'i  ir.u!:-  v;.a 
Wh-.ii  i.je  !  ..ijd:iiH/ r 
;vs  a  loiif-;  pole  ':i  hb  iii'  . 
iiU  '.alloi' v.ood;  a.v.i:  • 
ntr.i;i;i'^  tiKj  deep  !..:o'  ' 
il.jp  liuiifcit"  wiioii  iKc;'.- 


11  1,1-.  I'now  iT.'"'.s  ^t  t'  -• 
out  bei;i;'  I  ui;-,iiv.l.  K  ■ 
M.l  f)t'  tiavelii:!,',  ii>  ti'  ' 
nv  teln-det  r.  1  I'l;  i'".'  ■ 
■  iia'.ives  p-iil-.h.i,  ■.■'  mi  'e 
t,  '.Mtli  a  (.oiivcx  './Ot::>;i). 

til..!. 


F.UROPr.] 


L    A    P    L    A    N    D. 


that  it  may  fliiir  the  more  cafily  over  the  Inow  ;  tin- 
lic.id  ci  it  ii  lli.irp  aiul  |M)inted,  but  the  liiiuler  part  ii 
quite  tl.it.  The  travi  Her  fit-.,  or  rather  l.ivi  wiiii  hi-,  back 
againlt  the  ciui  ol'  tlse  lied)»e,  and  holds  a  link  in  his 
liaml,  with  a  larj;e  w.iodeii  ball  at  the  enil  o'  ,  with 
whifh  he  dilensaj^es  the  lled;'e  from  rucii  obftriii'lions 
as  he  may  liappen  to  meet  with  in  the  coiiric  of  his 
joiirnry.  He  imilV  likcwite  take  eare  properly  to  bal- 
lanee  the  rarriag<-  ssith  his  body,  otlierwile  he  will  be 
iiibjet.'-t  to  be  overturned.  I'he  traees,  by  wlii.h  the 
fledf^e  is  (aliened  to  the  niii-ileer,  are  fixed  to  a  tid- 
lar  about  the  animars  neik,  and  run  down  over  the 
bieall,  between  the  fore  and  hind  legs,  to  be  con- 
nected with  tile  prow  ot  the  llrdge ;  the  reins  are  tied 
to  the  horin,  and  the  tr.ippings  are  furnillied  with 
little  bell.>,  the  found  of  wliii  h  is  very  ple.illn^;  to  the 
animal.  The  reindeer  is  lo  fl<-et  that  he  will  run  with 
his  earriai',e  upwards  of  loo  miles  a  day.  Before  a 
L.ipl.uider  lets  out  on  his  journey,  he  whili-'is  in  tlie 
ear  of  the  animal  tlic  w.i;,  he  is  to  go,  and  the  place 
at  whith  he  is  to  liait,  fiom  a  perfuafion  that  the  beall 
iindtrllands  his  meaning;  but,  in  fj  ite  of  this  intima- 
tic  lie  frequently  llops  Ihort,  and  fometimes  over- 
flioi.ts  the  mark  bv  l<  ver.il  miles. 

■I"iiou;»ii  this  method  of  travelling  is  exceetiingly  ex- 
peditious, yet  it  is  tar  from  being  e.ily,  the  pi  rfon  be- 
lli;', eomiiuMlly  ill  a  eonfuieil  polbire  ,  neither  is  it  ex- 
empted fr;'"i  the  moll  imminent  d.iiiger,  on  account  of 
the-  unrertainty  of  the  roads,  and  the  diilts  of  loofc 
fnow,  which,  if  the  wind  blows  high,  are  driven  about 
with  incredible  fury. 

As  foon  as  tlic  winter  commences,  the  Laplanders 
murk  the  moll  freijuented  ro.ads  by  llrewing  them  with 
fir-boughs.  Indeed,  tliele  roaiis  are  no  other- than 
path-ways  madi-  tlirough  the  fnow  by  the  rein-ileer  aiid 
i'.rdges;  their  lieuig  fretjuently  covered  with  new  fnow, 
and  alternately  be.iten  by  the  carriage,  confolidates 
them  into  a  kind  of  caufi  way,  which  is  the  hanler  if  the 
liirlace  has  felt  a  partial  thaw,  and  been  crullud  by  a 
lublequent  troll.  It  reipiires  great  caution  to  follow 
thele  tnicks ;  lor  it  the  carriage  run  cither  on  one  fide 
or  tlie  other,  the  traveller  is  thrown  into  an  abyl's  of 
fnow.  In  lefs  Ireijuentetl  p.uts,  where  there  is  no  luch 
beaten  road,  tlie  Lajilander  dirrifls  iiis  courfc  by  cer- 
tain mark.s  wiiich  he  has  made  on  the  trees ;  but,  not- 
withllaiiding  all  his  caution,  the  rein-deer  very  often 
links  up  to  his  horns  in  fnow  ;  and  ihould  a  hiirricne 
arile,  wiiich  is  fometimes  the  cale,  the  traveller  woulil 
be  ill  great  d.inger  of  his  lili ,  were  he  not  provideil 
with  a  kind  of  tent,  to  Itreen  him  in  foilic  mealure  from 
the  fury  of  the  tenijiell. 

The  rein-deer  in  winti  r  is  rather  weak  and  dilpiriteil, 
fo  that  lie  cannot  travel  with  the  fame  alacrity  as  in 
limimer.  In  this  fealon  the  traveller  is  obligeil  to  halt 
at  different  times,  that  the  animal  m.iy  rell  liimfeH'; 
aikl  in  thefe  inter\'als  be  fed  with  a  kind  of  cake  made 
of  iiiols  and  fnow,  wiiicii  fervcs  him  both  for  drink  and 
proveiidi  r. 

The  prini.i[ial  employment  of  t!ie  Laplanders,  ex- 
cliilive  of  their  domellic  affairs,  conlills  in  hunting 
and  tilhing.  'I'hoi'e  wiio  prac'tite  the  latter  have  Ihiall 
ho.its,  lo  lightly  conllrucied  that  they  can  carry  them 
on  their  Ihoiiklers,  which  they  f'rei]iicntly  do,  when  in- 
terrupted on  the  rivers  by  whirlijools  or  cataraCls. 
'1!  "  bo.its  are  of  different  lik;es,  from  two  to  fix  yards 
in  length,  managed  with  oars,  and  caulked  with  mols 
fo  tight,  as  cffef  tua'ly  to  keep  out  the  water.  They 
fleer  witii  amariiig  rapidity,  even  among  the  rocks, 
and  down  the  moll  rapid  water  falls  j  but  when  they 
go  againll  the  llream,  and  meet  with  a  cataract,  they 
take  out  their  boat,  and  carry  it  on  their  Ihoulders  till 
they  have  p.illid  i^  when  tluy  launch  it  again,  and 
renew  their  buliiuls. 

The  Laplanders  wlio  employ  themfelvcs  in  hunting, 
perlorm  it  various  w.iys.  In  fiimmer  they  hunt  wild 
beafls  with  fmall  dogs  trained  tb  the  iliverlioii.  In 
winter  they  purli'C  them  by  tlieir  tracks  iipo.T  the  Ihow, 
ikaiting  with  Inch  velocity  that  dicy  frequently  run 
No.  5  5. 


(5n, 

down  their  prey.  They  c.itch  ermine,  in  traps,  and 
lometimei  with  dogs.  They  kill  fquirrels,  martens, 
and  tables,  with  blunt  darts,  to  avoid  injuring  the  Ikins. 
I'^oxcs  and  beavers  are  killed  with  Iharp  pointed  darts 
and  ariows,  in  lho<iting  of  which  they  arc  accounteil 
the  bell  markfmen  in  the  world.  The  larger  bealU, 
luch  as  be.irs,  wolves,  elks,  and  wild  rein-deer,  they 
either  kill  widi  fire  arms,  orclfe  enfnarc  by  digging  pits 
in  tliole  parts  where  they  mollly  rcfort. 

They  have  particular  laws  relative  to  the  chacc, 
whitli  they  oblerve  with  great  punctuality.  The  bealt 
becomes  the  property  of  th  ■  man  in  whole  fnare  or  pit 
he  is  caught;  and  he  who  dik overs  a  bear's  den  has 
the  exclufive  privilege  of  hunting  him  to  death.  The 
comiiiell  of  ;i  in.ir  is  the  moft  honourable  atchieveincht 
that  a  Laplander  can  perform;  and  the  flefli  of  this 
aiiinud  they  think  more  delicious  than  that  of  any  other 
whatever.  The  bear  is  always  difpatched  with  a  fiifil, 
Itimetiiius  laid  as  a  fnare,  ready  cocked  and  primed; 
but  more  freijuently  by  the  hanils  of  the  hunter,  who 
runs  the  moft  imminent  danger  of  his  life,  fhould  he 
mils  his  .lim, 

The  killing  a  bear  is  celebrated  by  the  Laphmders 
with  great  re|oirings.  The  carcafe  is  drawn  to  the 
cabin,  or  hut  of  the  victor,  by  a  rein-deer,  which,  on 
this  account,  is  atterwarils  kept  a  wiiole  year  without 
doing  any  w'ork.  The  bear  is  furrounded  by  a  great 
number  ot  men,  women,  and  children,  who  recite  a 
particular  long  of  triumph,  in  which  they  thank  the 
vanquilhed  enemy  for  having  allowed  himfelf  to  be 
overcoivic,  witliout  doing  any  mifch  .f  to  his  conquer- 
or: utter  this  they  addrefs  themfelves  to  Providence» 
acknowledging  the  fingular  benefits  they  receive  from 
his  having  created  bealls  for  their  iilt*,  and  endowed 
them  w  itli  llrength  and  courage  to  attack  and  overcome 
them.  The  conqueror  is  faluted  by  the  womcn»  and 
is  Icallcd  by  the  men  of  the  village  for  three  fuccelTive 
days;  befides  which,  he  is  ever  after  dillinguiflied  froin 
the  reft,  by  having  laces  round  his  c.ij>,  wrought  with 
tin  ware.  *" 

The  marriage  cercmo.ies  of  the  Laplanders  are  very 
remarkable  and  ludicrous.  When  a  young  man  has 
made  choice  of  a  female,  he  employs  fome  friends  as 
mediators  with  the  girl's  parents;  and  thefe  being  pro- 
vided with  fome  bottles  of  brandy,  the  fuitor  accompa- 
nies them  to  the  hut  of  his  intended  father-in-law,  wiio 
invites  the  mediuLors  to  enter:  but  tlie  fuitor  is  lefi 
without,  until  the  liquor  be  drank,  and  the  propofal 
dil'culVed.  After  this  I'e  is  called  in,  and  entertained 
with  Inch  fare  as  the  hut  afFord.s,  but  without  feeing 
his  millrels,  who,  on  this  occafion,  is  obliged  to  retire. 
i  lie  fuitor  having  at  length  obtained  leave  to  make  his 
addrellL's  to  the  girl  in  perfon,  he  goes  home,  puts  on 
his  bell  attire,  and  then  returns  to  the  hut,  when  his 
millrefs  appears,  and  he  falutcs  her  with  a  kifsj  after 
which  he  piefents  her  with  the  tongue  of  a  rein-decrj 
a  iMcce  of  beaver's  flefli,  or  fome  other  kind  of  provi- 
lioii.  The  girl  at  Hrll  declines  the  offer,  it  being  made 
in  the  prefence  of  her  relations;  but  at  the  fame  time 
llie  makes  a  fignal  to  the  lover  to  follow  her  into  the 
tields,  where  flie  accepts  the  jnefents.  Thus  encourag- 
ed he  begs  permilfion  of  her  to  let  him  fleep  with  her 
in  the  hut ;  if  Ihe  confents,  Ihe  keeps  the  prefcnts ;  but 
if  not,  Ihe  tlirows  them  with  contempt  upon  the  ground. 
When  the  lovers  are  agreed,  the  youth  is  permitted 
to  vifit  his  millrefs  as  often  as  he  thinks  proper;  but 
every  time  he  comes  he  muft  purchafe  this  pleafure 
w  ith  a  frefh  bottle  of  brandy,  a  perquifite  fo  agreeable 
to  the  father,  that  he  often  poflpones  tlie  celebration 
of  his  nuptials  for  two  or  three  years.  At  length  the 
ceremony  is  jx-rformed  at  the  neareft  church,  by  the 
pricll  of  the  piarifh;  but  even  after  this,  the  luilband  is 
obligeti  to  ferve  his  father-in-law  a  wiiole  year,  at  tiir 
expiration  of  which  he  retires  to  his  own  habitation  with 
his  wife,  and  then  receives  prefeiits  from  all  his  rel.i- 
tions  ind  friends.  From  this  time  he  fequeflers  his 
wife  from  the  company  of  ail  Itrangers  of  the  male  lex, 
and  watches  over  her  conduct  with  great  vigilance. 

7  O  Wheix 


■  ■■J 
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\  NFAV,  ROYAI.  andAUTIjF.NTIC  SYSTrMoi  i;\IVF«s.\i,  (,1  OGRAFIIY. 


Ss^^ 


Wlirn  a  lovrr  pocs  to  pny  a  vifit  to  h'u  miftrrfs 
timing  his  jonrnfv  tliroti-^h  thr  fenny  moor'.,  he-  iiru.illy 
ilivcriN  hinvfe-K'witll  t  fnnij,  whiili  lie  ;liKlir(lcs  to  his 
r<rin-(iccr.  VV'r  ('lall  |  rd'cnt  :\  tr.inll.itinn  of  onr  of  thi-t'c 
from  the  original  ttkcn  troni  tlir  SiviJt,itf)r,  for  tlif 
tntrrt.iiiinicnt  of  the  rriuit-r.  The  lirriimrtiinrci  that 
liKVcll'ively  prcfcnt  tlicmfclvcs  to  liitn  (liirinj^  his  ioiir- 
nry,  are  naturally  intt  rwovrn.  Thf  anxiety  of  ab- 
frtue,  the  };loon)i!icf>  of  the  roaJs,  and  his  rrloiiition 
«f  treqncntiiif;  thrm,  as  thnfr  only  carry  him  to  t!ie  ol)- 
ieft  of  his  \Milir<;,  tlif  iliiratisfaciion  he  cxiirrlli's  cvi'ri 
.It  the  ^;reat  fwittnrls  with  which  he  is  carried,  ami  his 
jiiyful  ftirpri/c  at  the  iinexpetieil  (ii»ht  of  liis  niillrc  fs, 
as  tlie  is  bathinn:,  are  all  beautifully  il^fcribeil  in  the 
following  compofition. 

nulK",  my  rcin-uccr,  r.ni.1  let  '"s  nimbly  [td 
Our  am'rou.'  journey  thro'  diis  ilreary  walle; 

HatU-,  my  rein-cirer  I  Hill,  Ihll  tluni  art  too  (low  ; 
Impetuous  love  demanils  the  lii;ht'niiii;'s  h.'.lle. 

Around  us  far  the  rufhy  moors  are  fjiread  ; 
Sonn  will  the  fun  wirlidraw  his  chrarful  ray  : 

Darkling  and  tir'd  we  fliall  the  marlhes  tread } 
No  lay  unfunp;  to  cheat  the  tedious  way. 

The  wat'ry  length  of  thcfc  unjoyous  mix)rs. 
Does  all  the  llow'ry  meadow's  pride  excel  ; 

Thro'  thcfe  I  fly  to  her  my  loul  ailores  i 
Ye  fiow'ry  meadows,  empty  priile,  firewel. 

l-.arh  moment  from  the  charmer  I'm  confin'd, 
Mv  bread  is  tortur'd  with  impatient  fires. 

I'ly,  my  rein-deer,  fly  Iwifter  than  the  win;' ; 
Thy  tardy  feet  wing  with  my  fierce  deiires. 

Our  pleafing  toil  will  then  be  foon  o'eri^aid, 
And  thou,  in  wonder  loll,  Ihalt  view  my  fair; 

Admire  each  feature  of  the  lovely  maid, 
Her  artlcfs  ch,i;mi,  lier  blooir    her  fprightly  air. 

But  lo !  with  graceful  motion  there  fhe  fwims, 
Gently  removing  each  ambitious  wave  ; 

The  crowding  waves  tranfported  clafp  her  limbs. 
\Vhen,  when,  oh  when  fhall  I  fuch  freedoms  h.-ivc  ! 

In  vain,  ye  envious  ftreams,  fo  fall  you  flow, 
To  hide  her  from  a  lover's  ardent  gaze  ; 

From  cv'ry  touch  you  more  tranfparent  grow, 
And  all  rcveal'd  the  beauteous  wanton  plays. 

To  this  we  (liall  fubjoin  a  l-aplander's  love-fong, 
th>:  original  having  been  procured  from  a  native  of 
L.ipland.  Fhe  traiiflaiion  is  the  perfijrmance  of  a  no- 
bleman deccalcd,  whole  genius,  politenefs,  and  literary 
accomplilhments,  were  the  admiiation  of  all  the  courts 
in  i-uropc. 

Source  of  my  daily  thoughrs,  and  nightly  dreams, 
Whofc  captivating  beauties  I  a'Inrc, 

O  may  the  r.idiant  lun's  refulgent  beam'. 
Shine  on  the  charms  of  lovely  Orra  .\Iccr. 

I'd  clime  the  fummit  of  the  lofty  pine, 
CoukI  I  my  Orra  Moor  at  tiilhincc  view  ; 

No  labour,  danger,  care  would  I  decline. 
To  fee  my  charmer,  and  to  fintl  her  true. 

Could  Ihc  be  wafted  to  terreftrial  bow'rs, 
And  there  in  pleafant  Ihades  induc'd  to  flay  ; 

Or  range  en.imtll'd  fields  of  fwectell  liow'rs, 
Charm'd  by  tie  birds  tJiat  warble  on  each  fpray. 

Fnrag'd,  thofe  pretty  birds  I  would  ileftroy, 
Pluck  up  the  llowers  that  beautify  the  fiekls, 

Cut  ilown  the  bow'rs  that  rob  me  of  my  joy, 
And  from  my  view  my  Orra's  beauties  fliields. 

O  that  I  coiikl  but  foar  unfo  fhe  (ky, 
And  wing  my  palTage  through  the  ambient  air, 

Swift  as  tne  feather'd  race  could  I  but  fly, 
I'd  foon  be  with  my  captivating  fair. 


Rut  vain,  al.is  !   my  wilhes  are  in  vaui ; 
No  tbiriv  or  raven  will  a  jiiniofi  lenil : 

l-'ated  to  fiel  iinnfitigated  pain, 
With  I'carce  a  hope  my  pafT'^n  to  betii;-;u!. 

.So  long  mv  bli's  e.m  Onti  .ilj-^  il,  |.i)  ' 
UetleCl,  the  liinuner's  lu.i  nuw  bii^htly  ijeanis : 

-Short  .ue  our  luuimers  ;  hatle,  then  halie  away, 
And,  with  t.'iy  love,  enjoy  iii>  gluvi  iiuii;  beams. 

Al's !  unkindly  you  del.iy  the  timr  j 
Our  ihort-liv'd  fiimmrr  wears  away  apacr  : 

■^'ou've  tortur'd  nie,  and  dallv'il  with  your  prime, 
'Till  frowning  winter  fhews  his  rugged  face. 

Still,  tlill  my  lovely  tliarmer  I'll  purfue, 
And  Icorn  all  lianger  to  reveal  my  p.iins  ; 

I''or  what  tan  love,  all-poNv'rful  love  I'libduc  ! 
lie  laughs  .\t  tcmpells,  and  delpifes  cliains. 

I.nve  !  mighty  viiflor,  tniimphs  o'er  mankind, 
Wrings  ev'ry  thougiit  beneath  iiis  own  controul, 

I'nllaves  the  heart,  put    f'etfrs  on  the  mind, 
And  captiv.ttes  the  haughty  human  I'oul. 

But  hark  I  llern  reafon  whif[Hrs  in  my  ear 
iMiend,  you  are  wrong,  thus  to  pour  oil  on  lire; 

Ralhly  to  follow  what  you  ought  to  fe.'.r. 
And  rulh  into  a  whirlwind  ot  delire. 

A  thouf.ind  things  advile  vow  to  delifl, 
A  thoufanil  dread  examples  liid  vou  view 

The  fate  of  thole  whom  love's  delulivc  mill 
Math  flily  blinded,  ladly  to  undo. 

Realon,  av.uint !  to  paffion  I  Hibmir, 
And  will  not  heir  tliy  dirim|)airioned  tone: 

Others  thy  thoufand  counll  Mors  may  lit. 
But  I'll  attend  the  voice  of  love  alone. 


As  foon  as  a  child  is  born  in  Lapland,  it  is  wnflie  I  rI! 
over  with  fnow  or  cokl  water,  exce[it  tiie  hi'ad,  whirh 
muft  not  be  touched  with  water  till  after  the  child  his 
been  bapttzeil.  'Fhe  woman  does  not  rem.iin  in  child- 
bed above  four  or  five  days,  and  in  fourteen  is  g-nrr.dly 
quite  recovered.  She  then  carries  t!ie  child  to  be  bap- 
tizetl ;  but  befiire  fhe  can  reach  the  refidence  of  the 
priefl,  flic  is  often  obhged  to  traverfe  large  forells, 
mountains,  lakes,  anti  wide  extended  waftes  of  fnow. 
The  infant  is  fallentd  in  a  hollowed  piece  of  wood, 
flrctched  naked  on  a  bed  of  fine  mofs,  covered  witli  the 
fkin  of  a  young  rrin-deer,  and  lltmg  by  two  flraps  nt 
the  back  of  the  mother,  who  always  llickles  her  own 
child.  At  home  this  little  cradle  is  hung  to  the  roof 
of  the  hut,  and  the  child  is  lulled  to  fleep  by  fwinging 
it  from  one  fide  to  the  other. 

When  the  chiKlren  grow  up,  their  parents  are  verv 
careful  in  teaching  them  moll  kinds  of  work  j  Init  tliev 
have  a  great  averfion  to  fchools.  The  bovs,  from 
their  infancy,  are  taught  to  praftife  the  bow  ;  an  1  th  y 
are  not  allowetl  to  break  their  fall  till  they  have  hit  thu- 
mark.  The  female  children  are  early  initiated  in  tli.- 
bufinefs  peculiar  to  their  fex. 

The  Laplanders  have  not  any  phyficians  anion': 
them;  neither  have  they,  indeed,  occalion  for  an., 
not  being  fubject  to  thofe  diltempers  common  in  other 
countries.  The  diforder  they  are  moll  fubject  to  is 
fore  eyes,  occafioned  by  the  fmoke  of  their  huts,  and 
the  fire  to  which  they  are  almofl  continually  expofed. 
They  are  fometimes  afllicled  with  rheumatic  jiains,  anJ 
the  I'curvr  ;  and  a  few  are  llibiei't  to  the  vertigo  anil 
apo))lrxy.  To  cure  all  inward  diforders  they  ufc  a  drink 
made  with  the  root  of  a  certain  ijjecies  of  mofs,  wj-.idi 
thev  ca.\\Jert/i  -,  and  when  that  cannot  be  procureil,  tliey 
boil  the  llalk  of  angelica  in  the  milk  of  rein-ik-ei'. 
When  they  feel  a  pain  in  any  part  of  the  body,  ther 
take  a  kind  of' mufliroom,  which  grows  upon  the  binli 
tree  like  a  cake,  and  having  let  tire  to  it,  apply  is 
burning  hot,  to  the  jjart  affctted ;  and  this  produces  a 
blifler,  whit  h  is  liippolt-d  to  draw  off  the  peccant  hu- 
mour. They  have  no  other  |>lailler  for  woumls  but 
the  rofm  which  drops  'Vom  fir-trees.     When  they  have 

aiiv 


RAl'IIV. 

^  vain  j 
ml: 

bft'iirnd. 
r  dib)  ? 

then  lulie  away, 
I'liiii^  beams. 

timr  ; 

ly  apacr : 

I  witli  V'Hir  primr, 

acgcii  face, 

'11  piirliie, 
y  pains  , 
1  love  liilxlue  ! 
Ir>  cluiiis. 

IS  o'lT  mankiml, 
own  coniroul, 
(111  the  niiml, 

an  IdiiI. 

rs  in  my  car 
lOur  oil  on  fire; 
^ht  to  tt-ar, 
lire. 

to  lirl'ill, 
vou  view 
s  ilcliilive  inift 

fiibmit, 
iincil  t'liic : 
li  may  lit, 
alone. 


.aplanii,  it  is  \v?.flu-.l  ali 

i-xcept  the  hi'ad,  wliich 

till  after  the  cliihl  has 

es  not  remain  in  chilc'.- 

in  fourteen  is  ;;-ner.illy 

es  t!ie  cliikl  to  be  bap- 

h  the  refuience  of  the 

traverfe  larf^e   forrlh, 

ndril   waftes  of  fnow, 

ilowed  piece  of  wood, 

mofs,  covered  witli  tlie 

lltmg  by  two  ftraps  ta 

ways  fiickles  her  own 

lie  is  JHing  to  the   roof 

d  to  deep  by  fwinging 

their  parents  ,ire  very 
nds  of  work  ;  Init  they 
The  boys,  from 
tife  the  bow  ;  an;l  th-.y 
ft  till  they  liave  hit  the 
early  iiiitiatctl  in  the 

any  phyficians  amonj; 
eci,  oicalion  for  anv, 
ipers  common  in  other 

re  mort  fiibjeft  to  is 
oke  of  their  huts,  and 
ft  continually  expofed. 
:li  rheumatic  pains,  and 

it  to  tiie  vertigo  and 
Ibrders  tliey  ufc  a  drink 

f[)ccies  of  mofs,  wliic  h 
annot  be  procureil,  they 

le  milk  <>(  rein-deer. 

:)art  of  the  body,  tiu-r 


ruuopr..! 


L    A     P     L    A     N     D. 


6C7 


h 

1  grows  upon  the  bin.li 
t-t  lire  to  it,  apply  i^ 
and  this  produces  a 
.w  oft'  the  peccant  hii 
lailler  for  wouruls  but 
rccs.  \Vheii  they  liave 
anv 


any  li  ub  frozen,  they  put  ;»  red-hot  iron  into  a 
thec'fc  made  of  rein-ile<r's  milk,  and  with  the  fat  that 
tlro|-.»  from  ir,  hi  r  a  kind  ol  nil,  they  rub  the  p.irt 
jHiited,  V. hich  by  that  means  is  almolt  inll.uitly 
cured. 

\N  hen  a  l.iplantirr  is  fuppofed  to  be  on  his  death- 
bed, liK'h  friends  is  are  advocates  for  th;  C'hriftian  re- 
lii;ioi!,  gi\f  him  C'hrifiian  exiiort.iii m.  but  thole 
who  have  nO}»re.it  7r.\\  for  the  Chrifti.ui  religion,  liirlakc 
the  dving  p<  rlbn,  and  think  of  nothing  but  the  funeral 
«nt«  rtammenr.  As  jiion  as  the  hii.ith  isoutoftlie 
body,  mift  of  the  coiiip.inv  le.ive  the  luir,  being  ol 
o|)iiiion  iluy  ihal!  rm  ive  Ibmc  uiiiirv  Irom  the  Ipirit  or 
ylii.li,  which  tlu  y  Ixlicvr  rrmain>  with  the  corplc,  and 
takes  all  opportiiritii  s  of  iloing  milchief  to  the  living. 
The  dc<  rated  is  wrapped  up  in  linen  or  woollen,  ai'- 
tor.ling  to  his  cirtumihuices,  and  iiepo(it<ii  in  a  coffin 
by  a  perti)n  lelected  for  tiiat  pupofe;  but  tl-.is  olh'e  lie 
will  Mo:  per  'irm  til!  lie  recents  a  conli-crated  braf.  ring, 
which  is  placid  on  his  left  arm,  and  which  he  iiiiai^ines 
Icfuirs  him  againft  rcceiviii;;  any  in|ury  Irom  the  gholl 
ot  the  detealed. 

Hi  (lire  th  I  .aplandcrs  einbr.  red  the  Chrifti.in  rcli- 
}Mon,  they  ufeil  t(.  bury  the  ile.id  in  the  tirft  place  they 
happened  to  tiiink  of,  which  tiiey  iUll  do  wlien  they 
are  V  r\  far  from  .my  church.  M.iny  of  them  alii)  pre- 
serve the  rites  of  he.ithrnilli  liipcrftition  ,  for  with  the 
hoily  tliey  put  in  the  coffin  an  axe,  a  tlint  and  fteel,  a 
flalk  of  br.indy,  fonie  dried  lilh,  and  vcnilun.  With 
tilt  .i.xe  the  ilcccattd  is  lii]>po)'ed  M  hew  ilown  the 
bufties  or  boughs  that  m.iy  (^I)llru6t  him  in  the  otiicr 
world,  ihe  lliel  and  llint  are  to  lurnilh  him  with  a  light, 
fhould  he  find  himft  If  in  t!ie  dark;  and  the  provilion 
is  for  him  to  liiblift  on  dining  his  journey. 

Before  the  body  is  carried  to  the  pl.ice  of  interment, 
the  friends  of  the  de(  taled  kindle  a  lire  of  fir  boughs 
near  the  coffin,  and  eNprefs  their  fbrrow  in  tears  and 
lamentations.  They  walk  in  procelllon  feveral  times 
round  the  body,  demanding  in  a  whining  tone,  the 
rrafon  of  his  leaving  them  on  earth.  They  alk  whether 
he  was  out  of  humour  with  his  wife?  whether  he  was 
in  want  of  meat,  drink,  cloathing,  or  other  neceflaries? 
and  whether  he  h.id  not  luccceiied  in  hunting  or  billing? 
Thcle,  and  other  Inch  interrogations,  are  intermingled 
with  groafis  and  hideous  howl'iigsj  and  between  them 
t!ie  prieft  fprinklcs  the  corpfe  and  the  mourners  alter- 
nately with  holy  water.  After  thele  ceremonies  are 
over,  the  body  is  conveyed  to  the  place  of  interment, 
in  a  lledge  drawn  by  a  rein  deer,  and  followed  by  the 
tnciids  and  relations,  vsho  lliew  their  concern  for  the 
lols  of  the  decealed,  by  drelling  themfelves  in  the  worit 
garments  they  have,  ami  keeping  a  continual  howl  dur- 
ing the  procefl'ion.  As  loon  as  the  ceremony  is  over, 
the  people  retire;  and  the  fledge,  with  the  cloatlis 
v.hicli  belonged  to  the  decealed,  are  left  as  the  priell's 
pertpiilite.  1  hue  days  after  the  funeral,  the  relations 
and  friends  of  the  defumil  are  inviteil  to  an  entertain- 
iiunt,  where  they  eat  the  tlefli  of  the  rein-deer  which 
conveyed  the  corjile  to  the  grave.  The  animal  being 
made  a  facrifice  to  the  manes  of  the  decealeii,  the  bones 
of  it  are  collected  together,  put  into  a  bafket,  and  in- 
te'red  with  great  ceremony. 

The  crtects  of  the  decealiil  are  divided  between  the 
brothers  and  fillers,  the  lormer  having  two-thirds,  and 
the  latter  one;  but  the  lands,  lakes,  and  rivers,  are 
held  jointly  by  all  the  children  of  both  fixes,  iicooiding 
to  the  divilion  m.uie  by  Charles  IX.  of  Swei'.en,  when 
he  afTigned  a  certain  track  of  land  for  the  lupport  of 
each  family. 

The  language  of  the  Laplanders  is  altogether  bar- 
barous, and  varies  in  different  parts  of  the  country, 
adoriling  to  the  correfpondence  which  the  natives 
maintain  with  the  difrerriit  nations;  liich  as  Norwe- 
gians, Swedes,  I'inlanders,  and  Rullians.  The  greater 
part  of  them  are  totally  ignorant  of  letters;  and  the 
lame  may  be  laid  alii)  of  the  arts,  except  fucii  as  ne- 
celbty  has  taught  them  Co  make  ul'c  of  for  their  own 
piclcrvation. 


SECTION     III. 


heii^ion,  Ccvfrnmtnl,     rade,  Revemit,   (Jc, 

CI  IRI.STIANITV  was  firfl  fup-wfed  to  have  been 
introduceil  into  I  upland  abo.it  the  year  1300. 
However,  no  material  progrels  was  m.ulc  in  the  cfta- 
blifbment  of  it  till  the  kill  century,  when  milli  jnarie* 
were  lent  for  that  piirpofe  from  Norway,  Sweden,  and 
RiilTia.  .Several  cliiin  lies  were  built  indifferent  {larts 
ot  the  country,  and  fupplicd  with  minilhrs  from 
Sweilen  and  Kulfla.  dultavus  Adolplius  founded  two 
fchools,  one  in  the  province  of  I'ltlia,  ami  the  other 
ill  th.ii  of  I'lma,  l<)r  inftruiting  the  children  of  the 
Lafilandf  r-.  in  the  Chrillian  religion  anil  in  letters.  He 
allij  ordered  le'.eral  pious  books  to  be  tranllated  from 
tl:e  .Swedilh  into  the  Lapland  language;  fuch  as  the 
cateiliilin,  with  f'ome  pr.iyers,  and  tlie  manual,  con- 
tainin;;  the  plaliiis  of  David,  the  proverbs  of  .Solomon, 
&c.  That  they  might  be  encouraged  to  fend  their 
'  hildreii  to  Iclic-ol,  .\n  annu.d  revenue  was  allotted  for 
I  '■  niaintenance  of  the  fcholars.  I  lence  Lapland  (iro- 
d-.  d  fome  j)rearliers,  which  greatly  promoted  the 
knowledge  of  C'hriftianity  in  that  country;  for,  hereto- 
fore, theii  clergy  having  been  Swedes,  whole  language 
the  people  did  not  underlhind,  it  coulil  nor  be  realon- 
ably  fuppofeil  that  tiny  llioiild  profit  much  by  their 
I  inllruciions.  Sintc  that  time,  however,  r^iny  h.ivc 
11  intermixed  idolatry  with  the  pure  |)rofenion  of  ChriJli- 
i|  anity,  and,  from  local  culloms,  their  particular  fondnefs 
ji  for  omens,  particular  times  and  leaf'ons,  ilillinguilbed 
I  by  the  names  of  black  and  white  days,  &c.  &:c.  retain 
l|  many  of  tl'  ir  f  )rmer  fuperftitions. 

They  have  fome  notion  of  tlie  dodrine  of  the  tranf- 
niigration  of  fouls ;  for  they  not  only  refpect  the  manes 
of  their  departed  relations  and  friends,  but  dread  them 
as  being  mifchievous,  till  they  imagine  the  fpirits  of 
the  dcfunJl  have  re-animated  other  bodies.  They  be- 
lieve there  are  fairies  that  wander  about  among  the 
rocks,  mountains,  rivers,  and  lakes,  and  give  them 
alio  a  fhare  of  their  devotion.  They  own  one  Supreme 
Being,  whom  they  arm  with  thunderbolts;  they  make 
the  rainbow  his  bow,  and  have  the  fame  notion  of  him 
that  the  old  Pagans  had  of  their  Jupiter  They  have 
another  fiibordinate  ileity,  to  whom  they  acknowletlgc 
they  ow»all  'he  blefllngs  of  life,  and  never  fail  to  wor- 
Ihip  him.  The  fun  is  another  of  their  divinities,  bc- 
caul'e  of  his  influence  on  the  bodies  of  men  and  beads. 
They  have  ten. pies  and  images  confccrated  to  each  of 
their  gods.  Their  idols  are  either  tlie  trunks  of  trees 
rudely  carved,  or  of  ftone.  One  of  thele  is  preferved 
in  the  royal  cabinet  of  antiquaries  at  L'pfal.  All  their 
women  are  excluded  from  worfhip.  I'hey  anoint  the 
idol  with  the  heart's  blood  of  the  facrifice ;  and  when 
they  cannot  reach  the  top  of  a  mountain  conkcrated  to 
j  Storjunkar,  one  of  their  deities,  they  dip  a  Hone  in  the 
i   blood  of  the  facrifice,  throw  it  up  to  the  mountain,  and 

lb  conclude  their  devotion. 
I       The  Laplanders  were  formely  deemed  great  magi- 
cians, and  the  credulous  fuppol'ed  them  to  be  mightily 
:  Ikillcd  in  divination.     So  excefTively  credulous,  indeed, 
arc  thefe   poor  Laplanders,  and  lb  prepofteroufly  in 
I  favour  of  their  conjurors,  that  they  implicitly  follow 
I   their  dirciftions.     If  thele  pretended  vizards  tell  them, 
-  that  on  fuch  a  day  they  Ihall  take  plenty  of  filh  or 
I  game,  they  will  not  fail  to  go  out  that  day;  and  as 
i  there  is   moft  commonly  abundance   of  both  in   this 
country,  they  ulually  verify  the  predidion,  by  coming 
I   home  loaded  whenever  they  go  out  in  I'carch  of  game. 
;   And  if  the  wizards  mark  another  day  as  unfortunate, 
i  they  infallibly  make  it  fo,  by  not  going  abroad  in  quefl 
I  of  any  thing. 

I  The  three  powers  to  which  Lapland  is  now  I'ubjeil', 
I  depute  different  governors,  or  prefcds,  to  prefide  over 
their  refpcdive  liillrids.  I'he  Laplanders,  however, 
had  kings  of  their  own  till  the  year  1277,  when  the 
Swedes  conquered  part  of  the  country,  and  the  Ruf- 
fians 


I 


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n 


t 


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I.M 


♦  m 


■  r.  5 


4«  ,   "'il 


6o8 


A  Nr.W,  ROYAL  AVD  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVERSAL  GFOGRAPHY. 


r^ 


#  ,^-^1 


If 


funs  aiul  Norwegians  foon  after  rollowcd  llicir  cx- 
anijilis  ami  lubtUu'd  the  reft. 

In  Swedilh  Laplatul,  wliicli  is  the  moft  confuli  -able 
dillrii.'t  of  the  three,  the  laws  of  Sweden  are  obrcrvnli 
uiui  three  tribunals,  or  courts  of  jiilHce,  are  eredeii: 
one  for  Anpermanlami  Lapmarlc;  a  fecomi  for  IJma, 
Fitha,  and  Lula  Lapmark  ;  and  the  tiiird  for  I'orno 
and  Kimi  Lapmark  ;  in  each  of  which  courts  there  is  a 
prefeifV,  who  determines  all  caules.  They  adminilter 
juftice  in  the  king's  n.^me,  and  in  the  prclencc  of  the 
pried. 

The  Laplanders,  wh,)  live  ne.ir  the  mountains  which 
part  Norway  from  Sweden,  trade  with  the  inhabitants 
of  rhofe  countries.  Such  as  are  at  a  greater  dift-ince 
from  thofe  mountains  trade  only  with  the  Swedes  -,  and 
iiiofc  who  are  fituated  towards  the  north  and  eall,  trade 
with  the  KufTians  and  Finlanders.  The  commodities 
they  receive  from  thofe  nations  are  rix-dollars,  wool- 
len ftufts,  linen,  i  upper,  tin,  f'.our,  fait,  hides,  needles, 
knives,  fpirituous  liijuors,  and  efpecially  tobacco,  of 
which  they  are  extremely  fond.  They  j^ve,  in  return, 
rein-deer  and  filh,  of  the  latter  of  which  tiiey  take  liicli 
large  quantities,  that  they  llock  whole  relervoirs  witli 
them,  and  put  them  afterwards  into  barrels,  which 
they  carry  to  the  neiulihouring  countries;  naiuely,  the 
north  of  i$othnia,  an^  White  KulFia.     Tiiev  alfu  trade 


in  fine  ermines,  the  fkins  of  fcveral  wild  bealtr,  dried 
pikes,  and  checfe  made  of  the  milk  of  their  reiji-deer. 
The  tribute  jjaid  by  the  Laplanders,  confilU-d  for- 
merly in  Ikins  of  wild  bcalK;  init  now  they  (onlill  in 
n  certain  coin,  rcin-iieir,  and  in  Tfiins,  eitiicr  drelTid 
for  certain  iifes,  or  raw;  and  :;re  ])roporti()nalile  to  the 
extent  of  land  poUclled  by  each  head  of  a  funily.  I'he 
Lirpert  are  lliled  entire  territories,  or  territories  of  ;»  full 
tribute;  and  the  owner  is  obliged  to  pay  yearly  two 
rix-tlollars,  in  coin,  to  the  crown  of  Sweden.  I'lu-y 
who  polTels  a  territory,  or  land  of  half  a  tribute,  my 
only  one  rix-dollar.  But  as  it  happens  very  (ilt<  n,  that 
many  of  them  have  pi  rix- dollars,  they  are  alloweij  t» 
give  fkins  of  fo\es  ot  I'nii'.els  inlle.ul  of  coin,  hilty 
kiuirrel  Ikins,  or  one  fox's  Ikin,  with  .i  p.iir  of  lliocs, 
.'Iter  the  falhion  of  l.aplanil,  are  valued  .it  ojie  rixdi  |, 
lar:  befules  w'j-.ieh,  every  head  of  a  funily  is  obii'id 
to  give  yearly  a  white  fox's  Ikin,  or  a  pair  of  flioes ;  and 
if  he  cannot  procure  thole  things,  he  mull  give  h.ilf  a 
pound  of  drteil  pikes.  Part  of  thef--  taxes  are  eniplov- 
ed  ((ir  the  maintenance  ol  the  prielh  wlio  live  i;i  tait 
country,  to  inllruct  the  Lapl.'.ndei--.  The  Uhialntanrs 
of  tlic  other  ililhiv'ts  of  Laplaiui  tr.ule  niucli  i:i  th'.-  i.iinc 
commodities;  and  pay  the  revenues  in  a  liniil.u'  ni.m- 
ner  to  the  rtfpective  llaics  to  which  tliey  are  lub- 
iedt. 


C     II     A     P. 


NOR       W 


III. 


Y. 


SECTION     I.      ' 

SilHiUio".     F\U>it.      RoiDi/iiini!.      Dt'firip:ic.>t  cf  a  trc- 
mcndan  fVlnrlpool  talUd  ihe  Moikoellrom. 

NORVVAY,  Norwegia,  or  Nordway,  fo  called  in 
ditferent  languages,  from  the  vicinity  of  its 
rituation  to  the  north  pole,  lies  between  57  and  7  i  deg. 
north  lat.  and  between  4  and  i  5  lieg.  call  long,  fo  that 
it  extends  about  5  deg.  "iomin.  within  the  polar  circle. 
The  length,  from  Lindafnoes,  in  the  diocefe  of  Cliril- 
tianland,  to  the  North  Cape,  at  the  extremity  of  Kin- 
mark,  is  about  I  Doo  mli>.  Its  breath,  from  the 
frontiers  of  Sweitcn  weltwatv  to  the  Cape  Stall',  is 
better  than  ^co  miles;  but  fr,  11  thence  the  country 
narrows  low.irds  the  north,  and  becoines  mvich  Icfs  in 
different  parts.  On  the  north  and  weft  this  country  is 
rijunded  by  the  Northern  Ocean  ;  on  the  eall  it  is  di- 
\  i;led  from  Sweden  by  a  long  ridge  of  high  mountains; 
and  on  the  fouth  it  is  bounded  by  the  Schagenrack,  or 
".••t.--Gate,  which  is  the  entrai.te  into  the  Baltic  Sea. 
The  coall  extends  near  ^co  leagues,  and  is  Ibrrouniled 
by  many  illands,  which  alford  pallure  for  cattle  and 
is  inliabited  by  hlhernien. 

The  barriers  of  rocks  aivl  narrow  channels  formetl 
bv  thefc  illanils,  render  Norway  inacceflible  to  naval 
nttacks.  Nor  is  the  North  Sea  the  leall  impediuic;.: ; 
for  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  navigate,  contains  many 
dangeroib  hidden  rocks,  and  is  fubjeCt  to  the  moll  vio- 
lent llorms.  But,  above  all,  the  ten  ible  currents,  and 
dreadful  wliirljiools,  arc  great  objcds  of  fear  to  thole 
who  navigate  thele  leas. 

The  [iriiKip.il  of  thefe  x\hirpools  is  called  the  Mof- 
koeilruin,  or  vulgarly  the  Malltrom,  receiving  this 
ap|)ellation  from  the  Ir.iall  iflands  of  Molkoe  and  Mof- 
koenas,  Iwiwetn  which  it  is  fttuated.  'I'his  current 
fhiii  fix  hours  (iom  nortii  to  fouth,  ami  returns  from 
(buth  to  north  the  ft. ci  ceding  fix  hours,  like  the  ebbing 
and  (lowing  of  tlie  ll-a,  but  in  diredt  oppolition  to  the 
motion  of  the  tides:  (or,  duiing  the  fl.)od,  which  runs 
from  fouth  to  north,  the  Molko<  flroni  runs  from  north 
'0  fouth.  and  duri'i";  the  rcllux,  or  eUb,  whca  the  fea 


runs  from  north  to  fouth,  this  current  impetuoun\'  re 
turns  fr  )m  finith  to  luirrh.  It  runs  wiili  furpjiling  r.i- 
pidity,  efpecially  between  the  illi.nd  Molkoe,  :uid  the 
extremity  of' tlie  ill.uul  Molkoenns  w'here  the  tides  rili' 
highell;  but  gradually  abates  its  iinpetuolity  as  it  .i[- 
proaches  tiic  Ulands  of  Werroe  and  Roll. 

The  Moikoellrom  never  runs  in  a  diredl  line  liKi- 
otiier  current^,  but  whirls  about  in  a  circular  nianm  r. 
For  when  it  is  halfl^<iod  in  the  fra,  the  current  h'i\' 
runs  to  the  foul!i-louth-eall :  as  the  tide  riles  it  wimis 
fouthwaril,  then  proceeds  towarils  the  fouth-well,  an, I 
afterwards  due  wed.  As  foon  as  it  is  high  water  tiie 
current  runs  on  to  ilue  well,  When  it  is  high  w.it:  r 
out  at  fea,  the  current  of  the  Mofkoedrom  alters  it^ 
courfe  to  the  nortii-wcfl,  aud  lb  gradually  on  to  ti.c 
north,  where  its  ini[)etuofity  is  at  a  il.uid  lor  about  t!iii; 
quarters  of  an  hour.  This  interval  is  obferved  tw;,i  : 
day,  after  w hich  the  motion  begins  .igain.  '!"1k'  appi  i:- 
ar.ce  and  efieCtsofthe  .Vlolkoellromhavc  been  ileK  ii:ii  i 
as  very  dangerous  and  dreadful;  but,  it  mull  be  ow;;- 
ed,  not  without  fome  exaggeration.  A  curious  lili 
ferver,  w ho  has  leen  it,  relates,  that  it  has  no  wiiirlpuil 
or  vortex,  but  that  it  is  formed  by  the  <  olliiion  u\  .111 
alfemblage  of  tiianiing  waves,  riling,  ,is  it  were,  |'\!i 
iiudically  to  a  grc.it  height,  and  wit.'i  .1  prodigious  v.^'M. 
According  to  .S^hel(lerup'^  account,  the  Mofkot  llin::) 
is  lull  of  vortices,  or  terrible  whirlj-ools,  in  t'le  ;  '  a 
of  inverteil  (ones  and  about  fW')  fathoms  deep 'r.-.u 
the  bale  to  the  apex,  or  fuinuiir,  and,  as  foine  ni.'.', 
(i)ur  fathoms  w  di.uneter.  Ifiwe\er,  both  ac.  iciti 
may,  in  fome  meafure,  be  rei  oni  ihd.  Tins  ;■>  i  1 
tain,  lull,  that  the  Moikoellrom  i^  not  aguated  v. ,;ii 
eiju.d  violent  e  .It  .ill  tiiues,  th.it  alvmt  the  new  ;i:,J 
full  moon,  the  eiiuinox<  s,  or  in  lloriny  weatiier.  1 
rages  with  the  gieatell  impeiuolitv  j  and  that  at  o'Vi 
times  it  is  more  moderate,  and  twi.e  a  liay  quite  c.ilm. 
Secomlly,  that  the  navig.ition  in  that  part  of  the  tea  1. 
not  ablolutc  ly  iiii()etled  by  it,  as  at  hall  llooil  a  veliJ 
can  lal(  ly  go  from  Molkoenas  to  W'erroc  or  Roll,  .I'ld 
at  halt  ebb  may  liilely  return  to  Molkoenas.  Thuvilv, 
th.it  the  llrei;;lit  bttwixt  Moikoeius  aii.t  Wcirie  u 
twite  ;i  day  quite  luiooth  and  navigable  Ibr  three  qu.ii- 

tC!- 


%. 


FOGRAPHY, 

■vcr.il  wiKl  benrt;;,  dried 
milk  ot  tiitii"  rtiii-iUtr. 
aplaiklcrs,  confined  tor- 
biit  now  thry  (onlilt  in 
il  in  (T<ins,  cither  ilrelTeJ 
•.ro  proiJortioiuhle  to  tlic 
lH  litMil  of  a  family.  I'lie 
ies,  or  territories  of  a  full 
ligeil  to  pay  yearly  two 
own  ot  Sweden.  I'luy 
ml  of  half  a  tribute,  piy 
t  happens  very  often,  that 
lUars,  they  arc  allowed  t  > 
s  inllead  of  coin.  I'llty 
kin,  with  a  pair  of  lliocs, 
\re  valued  at  one  rix  ili  I- 
.ad  of  a  family  is  obli /ul 
1,  or  a  pair  of  flvn-s ;  an  1 
int;s,  he  miiil  give  h.ill  .1 
)f  thel''  taxes  are  employ - 
ic  priclls  who  live  in  tiur 
aiidcrs.  The  ini'.aliitanr, 
nd  trade  mueh  in  the  liiiur 
•venues  in  a  liniil.u'  in.in- 
to  wluLh  they  are  lulj- 


is  current  impetuouflv  tc 
It  runs  with  liir[inlinj^  r.i- 
le  illi.nd  Molkoe,  and  the 
oenn''',  where  the  tides  n,' 
■s  its  impetuolity  as  it  a; 
i)e  and  Roll, 
runs  in  a  tlirect  line  IikC 
lout  in  a  circular  nianmr. 
lie  fra,  the  current  h'le 
as  the  tide  riles  it  wiiuls 
uardb  tlie  fouth-welt,  an. I 
in  as  it  is  hi:^h  water  tae 
When  it  i>  hij^h  waf;  1 
Molkoeftrom  alters  ir^ 
.1   lb  gradually  on  to  tiic- 
at  a  Ikuul  for  about  till ee 
terval  is  obferved  twice  .1 
legins  again.  Tlu'  appt  i:- 
llromh.ivc  liecndcKiini  i 
il)  but,  it  ni'ail  be  owe.- 
geration.     A  curious  nh 
•s,  that  it  has  no  wiiirlpu-il 
led  liy  llie  ( olliiion  </t    in 
,   riling,   as  it  were,  p}  |  1 
id  wit.'i  a  proiligious  iHi;le. 
.Kinr,  the  Molkoellvu'n 
\\hulpools,  in  t'le  i'l'a 
:t  tw.>  fathoms  deep  fri;.ii 
unit,  and,  as  lome  ri  l.;:'  > 
I  1 1  iw  ever,  both  ac.'ii!"it> 

Mic  iled.      'I'hlS    1-.   >.   I 

uom  i-'  not  agitated  v.. .11 

ii.'.t    .ilv)ut   the   new   :!;J 

it\   llniny   weather,  1 

u.jfitv  i  and  that  at  o'iiM 

.1  twi'.e  a  ilay  ipiite  c,:lin. 

n  liiut  part  of' the  tea  1. 

as   at  half  Hood  a  \elKl 

to  W'erroc  or  Roll.  ■'■'^' 

to  Molkoenas.    Thirdlv, 

)lkoeius  an  1  Wcrroe  is 

navii^.tble  for  thrcv-'quai- 

tci' 


EURori:.] 

tors  of  an  hour:    .inl   lallly,    tluit  the  inhabitants  of 
tliofi;  ilkuids  accordingly  roiv  in  r!ieir  boats  to  Molkoe, 
whicii  lies  in  the  miiitiie  of  it,  to  IojI.  ulier  tiuir  tluvp, 
which  feed  on  that  ifland,  and  the  fiilienneii  foui.il  the 
boiioii  of  It.     Afier   tlie'e  intervals,   the   f.vifinclii   of 
tiie  tuir  lit  gradually  ii'.creif'es  to  its   ufual   iv.)iiUi-;)us 
rai'i'li'v  and  vlolen:-.     S>):netinie:.   the   wave^  in   tliis 
curieiit  arc  not  l.irg.T  t!ian  I'.i  )le  that  are  leeii  ai  lea  in 
a  hard  gale  of  wiinl  ;  but  when  iis  agitations  are  at   the 
height,   Ihips  that  fail  on.  either  fide  of  il,  keep  at   tl'.e 
liillance  of  two  or  t'.irej  N or.vay  n:ii-s,  other'  ''"c  t'iie\  | 
w.aild  be  abforbcil  by  it,  and  entirely  delln.yed.      It  is  I 
dilcirnable,  i.;decd,  at  a  gr.Mt  diilance  at  lea,  aiul  even 
withm  a  i)iiarier  of  a  \i:.\:\\  mile  i^t   the  continent  ;  1 
but  thistlo-s  n'^t  rend.T  tlu-  f.M  unnaviuable  at  f'ucli  a 
diilance  ;    tor  large  vollLls  and  tmall   barks  tail  very  U- 
turely  within  hail  a  league  ot  the  Illapd  ot   W'erroe. 
Til!;  j)h,.-iio;ne:v)n  djc  not  iv.o.o.'d  thini  any  cavern 
nr  alv.  I^  under  the  water,  but  tinn  its  imiietuous  opi>o-  I 
lition  to  the  current  vi  the   tide:,  anil  tl'.e  coliiliuii  I'l  t 
the  waves.  | 

An  einin.-nt  nuvir.;tor,  and  Fe!!  "av  of  the  lioya!  So-  ! 
cict;-.  In  the  \ear  1769,  mf  irni-Ai  that  kariied  IthIv,  in 
a  letter,  that,  during  the  time  ot  Ills  b  -iiia  n  t:ie  Nurtii  ; 
Sea.,    ho    male   ja;iiai'ar   enC|i;   't. .    .  .'''.ceniing    thel 
Molko.'llrom,  witl.i/.it  b.iii.;  ahie  to  oiilain  am    f.itii- ' 
fu'iory  information,    \h\  lie  met  with  the   mailer  ot  a  ' 
Norwegian  vellVI,  ttii),  b  ■;:..;  ;i  verv  inte''ig'.':'.t  perl  ei,  I 
gave  him  the  toihuNing  aec  niiU  :    Thai  at  hig'i  u.it^r  il  ! 
is])erfeeli\  lnio.)iii,  and  lalj  to  pal^  ov  r ;    but  as  the  | 
tide,  eiilier   at   ebb  or   f.ood,  gal'.iets  llrengtii,    it   b.-  I 
comes  in  proportiin  e.\..'e.,'dingiy  agitau-d   and  ilaiiger- 
ouj  ;    wiiieh  extreme  agitation  aiul  whiiiiag  the  iiavi-  i 
g.ilor   imputes  10  the  unevennefi  ot  t;u  rocky  bottom,  ! 
over  whieli  the  current   r)l!;.  with  vail  rapidity,    being! 
conlined  in  a  iiarru.v  pafi";:,: :    tor  this  Norwegian  told  j 
him,  that,  at  vc;\  1  u\  \wuer,  pointed  rock'.,   reaching  j 
;'i)ove  the  lurlace,  ha>eb..'i   Icen  between  the   illaiids. 
It  is  no  wor.der  liien  iii;',i  tueh  v.lleis  ir.ay  have  been 
fur;,ed   upfide  ilov.:i,  as  h.-.ve   been  drawn  by  the  tiile,  ; 
in  its  moll   rapid  ll  ite,   into  this  gulph.     The  fimple  i 
agitation  of  the  ualer  would   lutiiciently  aciount,  in-  j 
I'eed,  for  the  lofs  of  open   boatr.     This  relation  tin- 
raveb,  in  tinne  mea'.uie,  the  mxlVry  of  the  Norwegian 
whir'iMiul  ;  and  leeir..  t  1  b  ■  ci'ilirmed  b\'  tlu-  luliovving  ■ 
circmnllances,   relateel  by  a  I'-arned  gentleman,    Iroiii 
tlie  concurrent  teirimo;,!.. s  '^{  otliers.      "  Tlie  liirfice 
exhibits  ilirtereiit  vortice  ,   ami  il   in  o'le  ol  them  any 
Ihlp  or  vetf  1  is  ;'.!)fiirbed,    it   is  whirled  dovsn  to  the 
lvitt'>m,    and    dallied    to    piece:,    againll    tiie    rocks. 
Thefe    violent  whtrli col',  continue  witf,oiit    intervals,  I 
except  for  a  quarter  ot  a:i  hour  at  high  and  low  water 
ill  e.ilm  wt.uher;    t  jr  the  I'.oiling  gr.ulually  returns  as 
the  lloinl  or  ebb  advan^i^    W'iieii  its  lury  i>  heigluetieil  | 
b)  a  florm,  novvllel  e)Ug!it  to  venture  within  a  league  ot  | 
it.     Whales  have  been  tieciucntlv  ablorh.^.l  withm   the  | 
vortex,    and   howleti  and   bellowed   liitleoufl)    in    their 
Iruiilels  endeavours  to  diiengnge  themfelves.     A  bear, 
in  cinleavouilng    to    Iwini  irom  I.oalden    to  Molkae, 
was  oiue  hurried  iiit.ithi;  whirl)  ool,  from  whence  he 
(liuggled  in  vain  t^'r  deliverance,  ro.i'iiig  lo  iouil  as  to 
be  heard  on  lliore  ;    but   notwithll.UKhiig  all  his  eflltrts, 
he  was  borne  ilown  and  iL'llrovetl.     1-aig.'  trees,  being 
ahiiirbeil  bv  the  current,    are   lucled  ilowii,    and  rite 
again  all  flialtered  into  l|.iinler'." 

SUCTION      II. 

Climate.       Rivera.      .'•'oil.      M' nntoiii'.      Proiliiilions, 
I  cj/t/i/ii-,  Ji.tmnl,  MhiIiiI,  Lu. 

""l^WV.  climate  of  this  country  is  extremely  ditl'erciit, 
-■-  accorihtig  to  the  lltuation  ot  the  dilleiviu  jiarts. 
Ai  Herpen,  anil  its  virinily,  the  wiiuer  is  remarkabh 
moderate.  On  the  ealtern  parts  ol  the  kingdom  it  lets 
in  about  the  midille  of  October,  and  ronti.uks  till  to- 
wards the  fitter  end  of  .Apiil  with  uie' 'mmon  fe\elity, 
i.'ming  which  time  the  tuitace  of  the  i.oimtry  in  thole 
No.  56, 


NORWAY 


600 


j)a;ls  is  covcrerl  with  fiiow,  and  tlic  w:iti rs  are  ail  fr.ir.cti. 
On  the  mountain  of  Ruden,  or  Tydal,  in  tiiis  difrrict. 
a  moll  dreadiui  affair  l.ai>pened  in  the  year  17  19.  A 
body  (d  Swedes  being  ordered  to  attack  Drontheim, 
attemjjted  to  pats  th  s  mountain  for  that  purpole,  but 
being  overtaken  by  a  violent  liorm  of  fnow  and  iiail, 
they  were  bewildered  and  overwlielmeil  ;  and  hv  tlius 
having  their  march  imjieded,  ujnvards  of  7000  men, 
many  oiiicers,  and  t'le  gjtieiais  Lnbarre  aiid  'Zo.-<'a. 
milerabiy  perilhed.  Tiiey  were  Kon  all.  r  found  fro/,  n 
to  death  by  a  body  ot  200  Norwegian  fied'jcin.'n,  under 
the  «:ominaiid  of  Major  Kmahus,  wh.j  dilcovcred  thefe 
unli>rtuiiate  victims  to  the  leverity  of  the  wei'ther  in 
various  poliure,,  ti^me  fitting,  fome  prone  on  the  earth, 
and  other,  in  a  praying  attitude.  It  appeared,  tliat,  in 
order  to  pivferve  their  lives  as  long  as  pofTible,  th  v  had 
cut  to  pieces  liieir  mulkets,  and  burned  tne  wocjj  they 
ali",)rded  them. 

'lie  northern  ]>arts  of  Norway  are  (liil  more  intenfely 
cold  during  the  winter;  but  the  fummer  is  always 
w.arm,  and  often  cvccifiveiy  hot,  tiirougliout  moll  parts 
of  the  kii'.gdoi-.i.  liy  the  reverberation  of  the  tun's 
beam- Irom  the  ii.les  of  the  iiiountains,  the  weatlier  in 
the  vallies  is  rendereil  lultry  y\.dd  to  this,  that  the  fim 
is  lo  very  Ihort  a  time  belo.v  \\:c  hori/.o;;,  that  the  at- 
motpliere  and  mountains  iiave  not  hours  enougli  to  be- 
come cool.  Hence  vegetation  is  rcmarkai)ly  ijuick; 
and  the  fummer,  by  reiuiering  vegetation  exceedingly 
ex|K\litious,  teems  to  make  fame  amends  tor  the  hor- 
rors ot'  wi.iter. 

Tne  l.xigeil  day  at  Bergen  confiils  of  19  hours,  and 
the  Ihortell  of  6.  In  the  begir.ningof  the  fummer  the 
lii;ht  iiicieaiL's  with  vail  rapidity,  and  declines  with 
e(;ual  Celerity  at  the  commencenient  of  winter,  wiiicli 
ihenomenon  are  owing  to  the  earth'^  inclinr.tion  towards 
the  |)ole.  At  the  northern  extremity  of  Norway  the 
fun  is,  for  a  conliderable  time,  continually  xw  view, 
keeping  always  above  the  hori/.on,  circulating  daily 
round  the  pole,  and  gradually  enl::rgitig  and  contracting 
his  orbit,  until  he  at  length  quits  that  hemifp.here. 
When  thi.  liaji|)ens,  all  the  light  [)erceiveil  at  noon,  for 
lome  weeks,  is  but  very  l.iint  ;  and  a  winter's  dav  can 
at  bell  be  decined  but  a  glimmer;  bur,  happilv  fir  tlie 
inhabitants,  tlie])ortion  of'  ti  '^ ;  called  :,ight,  is  briglitcr 
than  that  denominated  ila_v  ;  lor  what  with  the  exceiFive 
glare  ot  the  moon,  liar',  aurora  borealis,  or  northern 
lights,  8cc.  the  atmolphere  is  lulliciently  illuminated 
to  admit  of  iheir  following  their  ordinarv  occu;,'atioris 
at  midnight,  without  the  arfillance  of  any  artilicial 
lights. 

The  air  of  Norway  is  in  general,  healthy,  except 
towards  lome  parts  of  the  le.i-coall,  wiiere  the  moilt 
exhalations  are  hurtful.  Indeed,  toine  perfons,  of  con- 
fumptive  dilpoiiiioiis  prefer  luch  liiuatioiis,  on  account 
of  the  greater  eafe  with  whicii  a  moill  atmolphere  act:s  oti 
the  lungs  in  ret[)iratioii. 

The  great  number  of  rivers,  lakes,  creeks,  fprings, 
&c.  with  whicii  Norway  abounds,  ami  the  meltii  g  of 
the  fnow  in  fummer  tim  ■,  occalion  tiei|ueiit  rain', 
which  often  caulij  thxids.  But  the  inhabitant.,  are  ex- 
jioled  to  the  greatell  evils  from  fihlden  tlucvs,  and  the 
vafr  ijuantities  of  iiiow  .ind  ice  whicii  are  thereby  loolen- 
ed  from  mountains  and  precipices,  and  oierwhelm,  in 
their  tall,  men,  cattle,  houlifs,  boats,  and  even  tbrnc- 
tiiiies  whole  villages  and  hamlets.  Somewhat  more 
than  twi>  centuries  ago,  a  whole  parilh,  near  Hardati- 
ger,  was  dellroyed  by  the  fall  of  a  prodigious  ma,s  of 
fnow.  This  being  convene  I  into  ice  ilill  aceumul.ited, 
and  afterwards  formed  a  ffo'.en  mountain,  ben-ai-lj 
which  a  rivulet  rail  through  a  kind  of  fubterraneous 
palfi',e,  and,  for  tiime  iiiti',  its  waters  frequci.ily 
brought  with  th.  in  many  of  t!ie  utenlils  and  fragments 
of  tiie  p.uilli  which  had  been  lo  unfortunately  over- 
ttli  'hiv.cl. 

The  1101  iherly  wind',  here  are  the  freezing  winds ;  tc.e 

toutherly  bring  warmth  ;  the  eedlerly  wind:,  are  llormy  , 

and  the  wellerly  partake  of   the  nature  of  triide  winds. 

particularlv  on  the  coall  cf  Ikrgen.     It  mulb  be  ima- 

7   I'  gin'.'d 


ih' 


6io 


A   MAY  AN'D  AUTHr.XTlC  SY.nKM  of  L'NIX  1:R'^\I,  (IKO^RM'HY 


%. 


i  \r . 


gined  thai  t\ie  leas  near  tli\i  country  arc  riihii.\''t  lo  a  va- 
riety ot  Iqualls,  huiii  u'n"--,  i<x.  Iriil'.-jd  they  aiv 
frequently  lireaiitul  Nor  is  the  i!aiigLTt)Us  jilv. iioiiii.- 
non  ot  the  water-ij  out  imconimou. 

The  trelh  water  ot    N'ol^sav  ii  lieavy  and  iiiiju're, 
full  ot  iianicles  ol'  iron  .v.\d  och.re  ;   vet  it  is  not  li.)  un- 


healthv,  or  uiipk-auiiit,  as 


iiu 


X'  miaainetl. 


The  pnntipai  rivers  of  this  counlrv  arc  thv  Nieil, 
Sule-El;  ,  Gulen,  OtlL-roe.i,  Syre,  NkI,  Sheen,  Tvrt- 
tiord  or  Drainnioe,  Laven,  Glaani.n  or  Sii)r-Kl\en. 
Ot  thele  riveri^  all  tl-.e  ciroumil.iiues  wiiiih  reinarkini; 
are,  that  the  river  Gulen,  in  tlv.-  \ear  13++,  luiried  it- 
lelf  under  ground,  troiu  v, hen^v  it  aj;.un  IniriL  torth 
with  fueli  violenee,  ll-.at  ti'.e  eartn  and  \Uv,k;>  tiir.iwn  ii;> 
b)- the  eriijtion  lilled  a  valley  near  it,  and  torni^d  a 
cLun,  whi'.h  altcrwards  bunt,  tlir-jiii^ii  the  foree  ol  the 
water,  and  ocealioned  the  ilt'/iriictioii  ot  leveral  churche-, 
48  tarlll-hnu^e^,  and  250  |)enbiis.  That  the  rivers  N'id 
and  S!iecn  have  had  their  pallages  diverted  by  inim.-nl'. 
labour,  and  catials  tut  th.rough  the  roeks  tor  the  eoiive- 
nieiiee  of  navigation,  and  tiie  greater  laciiiiv  of  tranl- 
porting  tiiViber  to  various  ]lace'-.  And  that  the  ri\er 
Glaa'iien  is  the  larg'-lt  in  Norwaw 

Tiie  chi^l  irelh  water  iaLe^  ot  Noruav  are  Rvfva.'ni, 
Shaafen,  Selboe,  the  greater  anil  Iclti-'r  Mioe-:,  Siuie- 
vand,  Sperdille,  Rai:ii  and  V  iilen,  Saren  and  Moiluiii, 
Lund,  Norloe,  I  luidl.v,  iai  r.vand  ^.X'\a\  and. 

"  \Vai>  (^lays  an  ing.  iv.u,^  writer)  have  been  main- 
faincii  on  thele  iiiland  lea^,  in  lome  ot  i\liich  are  fniall 
floating  iiland-,  or  parcel'  of  eartii  uiih  tree.->  on  tl'.eni, 
feparatcil  trom  the  main  land,  and  probalily  ]?relervvd 
in  compact  maifes  by  1  he  roMts  vt  ir^es,  lliriilia,  and 
grats,  interwo\-in  in  ilie  loii.  In  tl.e  year  1702  the  la- 
mily  f.at  of  Borge,  near  fredericklladi,  a  noble  ediiice, 
with  lefty  tewev-  .-.lA  faitkna-nts,  fuildeiib  lu:ik  into 
an  abyi.-,  ico  tailir;iii>  in  d.;ii!i,  v.hlih  was  ii)i!a;;t,i- 
neoully  filed  with  a  piece  ot  water,  tormihg  a  la:%e  jco 
ells  in  length.,  and  about  halt  as  bri>atl.  fourteen  p'.r- 
Ibns,  with  :co  f.ead  of  cattle,  were  dellroyed  In  tiie 
river  Glaaiiien  I'lecipiiating  iili.'if  down  a  vvater-lal! 
near  Sarj),  and  undermining  the  foundation.  Of  all 
the  uatcr-fails  in  Norway  this  ot  Sarp  is  the  moll  dange- 
rous, fioin  its  height  aiul  raj;idit\ .  The  current  drives 
teventeen  miles,  and  roars  along  with  tuch  violence, 
tJi.at  the  V. ater,  dallied  and  con;niinu!ed  among  the 
rocks,  riles  in  the  torni  of  rain,  and,  when  ;lie  fun 
ihincs,  continually  exlliLit^  a  Ivauiilul  rainbou.  In 
ancient  taiics  tiiis  cataract  was  uled  lor  the  executiun 
ot  tl■ait^)r^  and  otlitr  maletacto'-.     They  were   thrown 


dow  ii 


that  t!:e\  might  be  dallied  in  pieces  on  the 


points' ol  rocks,  and  die  in  a  ilreadfiil  conimoiiun, 
analogou.s  to  thoie  thcv  luui  (.iideavouied  to  excite  in 
the  commiuiitv . 

The  loii  ui  rock\-,  nK)Uiiiaiiuius  and  low  lituations, 
mull  differ  materially  cl    courfe.     'I'I.e  mountains   ot 
Kor.vav  are   bare    anti   barren  i    but    the    f)il    wallied  i 
down  from  them  by  tonents  ot  I'now  and  rain,   gr^aiU   j 
increal'e  the  worth  of  the  vallie.-.,    by  fertilizing  them  to  ! 
a  pro;ligious   degree.     The  eartli  conlill.^  i<t    uneiiiial  j 
ftrata  ot  black  mould,  land,  loam,    chalk  and  gravel;  > 
the   former,    which   lies   uppcrmoll,    being  cvtivmely 
rich,  and  tit   to  nourilh  all  kinds  of  vegelaliLs.     In 
lome  jiart=  of  t!ie  kirgdoiri  ciay  1^  t  nind,    of   vvhicli   a 
tolera!-le  kind  ot   earihin-waie  is  mad  .     '1  Iiole  jurt . 
whiihare  iletomied  bv  I'wainps  and  marlhc-,   are  e\- 
cccdiiig  clang -rnus    tn    IravJl.rs.     A    n:\rrM,\    wi/idcn 
caiife'.vay,  in  tlu  dioi^le  of  Cl.rillianlatid,    is  cxtci  leil 
above  a   itiile  ovor  oie  iX   I'hdc  fvvam]is  ;    in  1  aMing 
which,  if  eiilirr  man  >.r  hoile  m.iLe  a  laile  Hep,    it   is 
certain  deltm  tnui.     ' 

The  N  (r.veg.in  ir  untai-  are  a(b))iiiliingly  high, 
dreadful  t)  t^avJ  oVv  r,  anl  tremendous  to  liehold. 
Tliat  llupciulou'.  1  li.i  ,f  n^oii:  r-iins  which  cxten'Js 
tliroo;'i  N.i;...-,.  ii.;i;i  :.  ,  :'.]  tu  1  >,!!!,  ;•..-,, 1  i,  in.iitfer- 
cntly  called  Ruefie'd,  Sude.ield,  Skar'field,  and  Scaiv- 
berg,  receives  diilerent  aojK-llaiions  at  ditlerent  i)aits. 
In  particular,  the  priniijial  names  of  llie  refpcetive  ili- 
viiJuir- of  this  thani  ari   n.jl,c;ivM,    Laaisfitid,    Sagnc- 


tiekl 


Tllefle 


!  lain  Held,    I  lanlan.,erlield,     ] 


field.  Kvglelieid,  Hickk;i:  1!,  and  Hangn..ld."  Jhe 
heighth  and  breailth  of  tli.-  ■.hole  vary  a^  thi^  eMenliv  • 
chain  runs.  Tiiai  part  called  Oore:ieid  is  fujijiuie-d '|/, 
be  higiier  than  any  other  mountain  in  l''.uroj,f'.  In  Ibn  . 
places  a  tMveller  g<u'...  aiMHit  levr."t\,  ai'd  in  other,  k'l", 
than  liny  miles,  to  jials  the  hu;;li  iiiinmit  of  this  alb- 
nilhing  cliaiit.  Hridges  are  throv.n  ovi  r  manv  divajtu; 
catarael-,  a;i, I  other  tremendous  vacan.'ies  ;  and  i nnc 
it  thele  are  luit  very  iiulilkrenlly  taileaed  lo  tl:e  \hS, 
rocks  (i;i  tlie  i.il.er  lide.  ' 

'I'hc  roa'.l  over  that  pait  called  TileliJd,  is  n,inv,| 
the  King's,  or  I'od  Ro.ul;  and,  as  guides,  polls  a'l; 
ii\ed  all  the  way,  at  the  dillance  of  200  paces,  id  ,1,. 
rect  the  traveller.  This  road  extends  50  iiiik>  ;  a'ld 
the  only  place  of  reiieiliment  ihrougliout  the  whole. 
are  two  houfes,  or  mountain  if-ve^,  as  thev  are  ca!k-.| 
which  are  luainlained,  at  the  public  e.xpeiice,  fiir  tiie' 
rece]  lion  if  tra\,il.is.,  as  well  a-  lurniilicd  ivitli  kiiciua 
utei.i;! .,  Iii-in_;,  &c. 

Im.'igination  cannot  conceive,  or  lanjuas>,e  expref, 
more  iliimal  fcenes  than  pivleni  themiebe,-,  lo  ti:.)a' 
who  piN  liiele  ilreary  mountains.  L'oniinuaiiN  m.-. 
roiuKkd  1  y  dan  .r-,  and  p'  rpetuaily  beholding  I'lv."  1- 
cks  ot  horr.i.-,  tlie  nDil  I;  uoy  traveller  muii  "ihudiler, 
the  molt  ci'ura;^ -HIS  he  advjiii.'hul,  ,iii.|  ihe  mi'ie  1  nv  1 
be  abl"  lu;el_\  t.nilie.l. 

TlKre  is  a  lingle  ilelile,  hv  wliicli  a  jierlem  mav  "0 
ironi  Sweden  t^i  N'orileiiMickl,  witliout  paliin;''  I'Tis 
cl'.ain,  that  i;,  wlure  tiie  whole  is  interrupted  !r,  ^  -..-y 
long  and  deep  valLy,  extcndiiig  from  Roniid.ae  u 
(I'uldbranlik'.le.  In  ti:e  \\w  1612  a  bod\  ot  i-^-j 
Scots,  commanded  by  Sinei.ii',  and  lent  over  as  a,,\:. 
liaries  t,i  the  SweJ>  ^  were  put  to  the-  Svcuul,  in  iL', 
delile,  by  ih.e  peaiant-  cl  ( iii'dliianUlale,  wiio  iieve 
give  quarter  to  any  whom  tli..  c  deem  ti>es-, 

Indepeiulent  ol  this  a<lo,iilh..g  chain  of  mountains, 
there  are  a  ;',rc:,t  number  ot  oih.ers  detached  over  i!.t 
lace  ot  the  wliule  country,  a;ul  exhibiting  a  great  van,') 
ot  uncomn.on  a;.pearances.  The  vail  'mounlains  a  .d 
mgg.-d  rocks  that  deform  ihe  i^.ce  ot  this  countrv,  arc- 
pro,iuctive  of  lUKnlierlels  incoic.i. knees.  'I'hev'adniii 
ot  little  arable  gn  and.  They  render  the  countrv  im- 
l)a(l;di!e  in  ibn^e  jvivts,  and  eury  where  ditticult  m 
travellers,  'f  n.  v  aii^rd  Ihel;  .r  10 'wild  beads,  whieli 
I  onie  from  then  lurking  hole  i,  A\td  ma^e  ternbk-  i,,- 
voek  among  tlx  tlo  '.'■  ot  catlk*. 

They  exno'.e  the  Ihcej)  and  g.,als,  a-,  well  .r,  the  ]va 
lar.ts,  to  daily  ac.  idenls,  in  tailing  uv.er  preeip.c, 
fiiev  occaiion  fu-iden  toiTe.iIs  and  falls  of  Inow,  ih.,; 
delceiid  with  imredible  imp.etuolil) ,  and  often  f.VeC-jl 
away  the  labours  of  the  huihandman.  Tlvy  arc  lul!- 
leet  to  dreadlul  eruptions,  by  wiiieh  huge  roeks  are  rep.t 
from  their  tide.,  and,  being  hurled  tlown,  overwhefu 
th.e  plains  wiih  luevitafile  rum. 

The  jseafinis  0.  juently  build  their  lioiu'es  on  i1;j 
I  ilge  ot  a  lletp  pi.  el, .ice,  lo  whieli  thcv  inult  climb  hv 
ladek  rs  at  the  ha/.aiel  ol  tlieir  livi-s  :  and  when  a  perf-a 
dies,  the  C'>q,le  mufl  be  let  ilowu  with  ropes  helore  it 
can  be  laiii  in  the  coljin. 

In   winter  me    iii.in    !-•  ,'uen   lll.l,\ll    UO 

nvniniaiiis ;  and  even  in  the  King's  road 
expo, eel  to  the  ireiiueni  rilks  of  falling  over  ih.ole  dreaii- 
liil  rocks;  fir  they  are  oblig.-d  to  pafs  over  tiarr'i.-,. 
jiathw.iys  v.itiujut  rails,  or  rili.ig  on  the  lid.'?,  ben,  , 
,  idler  Ihured  up  with  rutteii  pii:'.>,  ,1  fi.lpen.led  In  ,,.  1 
bolt',  laileiied  in  the  iiiuuiuains,  li  the  r.-.ir... 
i  ah,  1  1  N.ieroe  is  a  remarkable  wa\  uf  this  kind,  ul,,i 
iip.wards  of  ii\  centuries  ago,  King  Su..-,Te  cin(i:.l  m 
I"- made,  w 'ill  great  pains  and  labour,    f)r  i!ie  p.,ila:  j 

.'1     liis  l\U.'.ii\  . 

Similar  to  the  kill  menlioned  road  is  anotlu  r  diiiicn'i 
and  ilai>:jcrous  way  betwen  Vaiip;  and  Sliogftadi  :  , 
winds  by  lie  lide  of  a  ffe;-  im  untaiti,  and,'  In  mui. 
I'.ul',  i.  (o  irir.ow,  that  it  l'\o  irivelkrs  (huukl  meet  ir. 
iliule  jikKes,  they  would  lind  it  impr:Knicab!e  eiiher  t) 
pafs  each  other,  or  turn  their  liovles ;  li)  tiiat  they  ne;  i 
boih  inevil  ibly  periili,  uiilels  une  cunil.-.ib  lo  throw  i   . 


■he  mail  is  olun  drawn  up  the  lldes  of  f  c 

travellers  a.- 


I'llY. 

anl.in;,',rlii.M,  JkII-. 
ami  Han;^li,M."  '1  In- 
,•  \:iry  d^  tl.i^  cvtcnliv  ■ 

liii  in  l''.aroi.f.  In  liii;:.- 
;'t\,  a::;l  in  oth^-:,  Ki, 
,1  luiniiiit  ot  ihi^  .ill  )- 
■,.n  ovir  nuny  iliwiilu; 
V..I  .\u,-'i-s  ;  ;l!ul  i  1111^ 
\  l.uii.;n.d  lo  tl;c  Ituji 

:.l  'I'lL;!  11,    is  ni-M-^l 

,  ;ls  'i.Uli.li.'s,  polls  ;i'-i; 
-■  ol'  iOO  \KV\-i,  to  (li- 
MiMuls  50  hiil,■^  ;  ;nil 
ihrougihuiit  the  wiiok-. 
Wa,  .t.  tlii'v  are  calkvj, 
ublic  fxpcncc,  tor  i:;c 
,   lurnillRvl  wii'.i  kiti. ii,;i 

^',  iir  l.inju;i(',o  cx]>ri.'r, 
lU  liicnilcisL'^  to  ii;i);-,- 
xu\<.  Conliiiu.'.i'.)  lur- 
tu;'.iiv  l)i;l.o!(lin^  !]V."  1- 
tnvoll.T  nui:!    ihuiiilcr, 

Kll,    .Ul'l  llu'   WV'W  t  I!V  i 

vliiLh  a  ivrlon  nriy  ;v> 

I,      ivit'i'.oiit     Iianilli.',    l':.'i 

;  ii  iiturriip!^-J  !i;.  a  \^'\ 
.iiiig  trotn  Rom;.!. .if  u 

161:1  a  i>oi!\  lit  i':::j 
,  a:,il  k'l;t  i.:\,-:  a.  ;i'.i\  • 
:  to  liiC  Svvoiil,  111  1 1  ... 
lildliiantdali',  who  ih.ac 
■  .Item  li>c<. 

liiiji  (.ham  01  moiiiilain^, 
(il'.crs  ilctatlicil  over  tlx 
I  exhibit  nvi;  a  great  van.') 
I'l  In-  \all   iiuniniains  .'.  .d 

..IV  ol  tlii.s  t.iuntry,   aa 
u ei.it nccs.     They  aJiii.i 

render  the  country  im- 

.\try  where  ditfitult  I'l 
10  wild  l)ealls,  whi.h 
ami    m.ii^e   terrible   i...- 

als,  a-,  well  a^  the  \x.'i 
t.illiiiu,   over   precijiiee-. 

;uui  talis  ot    hiow,    tl;-; 

i.):i!\.  and  (,'tten  l\v.c-;i 
.Im.in.  'I'll -y  me  lu^- 
iiiih  hu;j;e  roeks  aiv  rent 

urled  doun,    overwheliu 

their  I'.oiiies  on  tb..; 
UK II  they  mull  elimb  by 
ves :  ami  when  a  perl'. 11 
wn  wiih   ropes  belore  it 

.iwn  lip  tlie  lidv<  of  t'  e 

u^\  road  traveller,  a.'.; 

I  tailing  over  thdte  dread- 

d  to  p.ils  over  n.'.rrci'v 

ig  on   l!-e  lidj5,    bei;-.  , 

',^,  01  Uilpeildeii  In   ..■   ' 

lam-..       I  1    the    I'.'.ii"  ■ 

\\a\   u'  iln;i  kind,  v.i.n 

king  Sii.;,"re  cinlc.l  '' 

.iliour,    tor  liie  [Viil-u;  .• 

!  mad  is  another  diiiii'iri 
an;';  and  SIion(l;ult  : 
■  '.ii.i.rm,  aid,  i.-i  ni  in. 
M  ivehirs  111... lid  me.i  i:-. 
1  i'liprai'liiablc  cuhei  1  > 
loiles  ;  III  liiai  lliey  n.':  '. 
.lie  tijiil'cau  to  throw  i  •• 
h'..Ve 


ElJROPi:. 


N  O  R  \V  y\  Y. 


gii 


.ill\-     lo     I; 


With   ivi,iei:i    t"  i 
>};g\-,  and  euv .'v.d  ' 


hori'e  down  the  precipice,    aivl  tiica  cling  dole  up  to 
the  loek  liii  the  otlier  palies  him. 

When  a  llieep  or  go.il  t.ilN  down  a  r.ii  k,  the  own.  r 
ha/aids  his  lite  to  legain  his  aii'.ni.il.  bur  which  piii- 
j;ote  he  M  let  ^\o\■'n  tied  to  liie  er.d  ot  a  lonp^  r  >pe,  ;:nd 
lilting  a-crols  a  lliik,  when  he  get- to  the  bottom,  he 
fallens  the  cre.uiire  to  the  lame  cord,  and  il.u.  both  .ire 
drawn  up  together.  Soihtiin.es  the  lope  bi\,dt,  ail 
at  Oilier  times  tiie  a.iiiiants  above  are  d ra;;;s',i. . I  do  ii 
from  die  top,  when  all  fall  down  the  pretijiie,  ai.l 
ulually  |ie:illi  t.igillier. 

When  a  lliiin  or  lu.ne  fall  trom  a  v.rv  high  precipice, 
it  has  been  ob;e;\.d  that  the  brea.ii  is  i..)t  o.iiy  lloiped, 
Iv;  the  ;.  jernillioa  ot  the  air,  I  ui  ihe  b-nly  aluaj^ 
burii;.  be!  iU'  11  iv.'.ches  the  groiin.!. 

The  tr.tj  .>f  Norway  conltitute  a  wvy  i)rii;.  ij.  ;'.  p;.:t 
of  its  ti'atle  .n.d  ci^'iimeive.  IJelid'.s  the  vait.  (.(uani'ii.' 
uled  at  I'.oic.e  m  biaitliir.^  houle.-,  brid'V'-,  piles,  moles 
fences  Ihi^s  l.-f.us,  fee.  ver\  lapa-  lii.ns  arc  leteived 
for  lirr.  a.iu  pui^:.  e.xji.iried  i.)  ^,c■|.lM^  ]  iri^.  Tlv;  llo'i- 
ing  nialU  and  b..i  e  tvam^  do.',;.  ;!:■.  r:  ■.:  ,  aa.l  iiivi.l- 
ing  oi:;er  ti'u'ier  i  ;i.i  ii.-ards  :;t  ti.e  !.i.'. -:v.id;-.,  e.n|iloy 
a  vall  nu..i.;>r  ot  ..i,,.:-,  and  c.i:.:.-, 
revi'iuie  ;  !■  a  '•  :i.h  ut  .'.!!  la..  .\i  tio: 
hi.s  Danuli  in.iie.i   . 

'Idio  pliiugiicl  lai..!.  in  Norv.-,, 
thole  parts  which  a.v  mouiitainoii  ,  i- 
with  l.irelis,  is  oni\  a^  one  toeigl-i)  ;  it  cmnot,  there- 
fore, be  liippoleil,  tlial  rlie  killed  .ni  jiroduces  n' ir  a 
lulhciciK}  ot  g'lain  lo  t'a  i  .'  lie  iiLiabitanf^.  I'ea, 
liojis,  lieui|  ,  ll.i.\,  is:c.  .•.re  lulii'-aud  in  ioine  pai'is,  Inii 
to  no  co!.liuti..bie  adv,.i-,l.ige  :  the  i.aiUirage  of  the 
meadows  howexer,  is  rich,  and  nutritive  to  cattle. 

The  Norwegians  fornierlv  had  gartlen-llurt',  pot- 
iierbs,  &.C.  iirj  oried  tioni  f.iigland  and  Molland  :  for 
I'.ime  years  pair,  l.o.'.cver,  lliey  have  p.aid  liic'i  alie:;ti.)!i 
lo  tie  cull  ivation  of  thole  articles,  that  the".-  can  now 
fujijly  tlitml'eUt'. 

Mere  are  ma, '.y  wild  p,l.inis,  the  iniuiion  ni  one  c( 
whitli  lome  ol  the  inhabiiant^  drink  in  the  niMiner  of 
tea,  and  ili.em  it  .111  aihviii.ii'ie  petloral. 

As  tlic  Icurw  is  a  preva.i.ig  di)()rd.T  in  Norv.a\-, 
nature  had  I  bountituily  l.ip]  in  .1  that  tniiiiirv  wilh  a 
prohilioii  of  aniili  orl.uiic  lievb.,,  ,u<  h  a..  ai:jj,-'ica,  roil- 
wi>n,  gentian,  civlKs,  trtto'is,  l.niei,  Icurv  \ -g.aiV  iS;c. 
Liu  to  I.  uiiterb.i!  i.iee  Ir.ele  toinciiieiicts  Notv\av 
ahouiv'-  with  mil. \  n.iu^ou.  and  |  i-ili'i'ims  herb,  a-.d 
I'lants,  ilia;  .ii..-  |iri|i.;iic!.il  I  .il'i  l.-  i.u-.i  :ind  cattle. 

And  aiir..ir.ii)i(  i,r.il  ,  calh  d  vi  ii.  i  mi,  .1,  j^nnis  here, 
ar.d  wli'ih  w.is  ic.diivd  ]  ariu  lu.i'r.-  ii'.ir.ni^  b\'  lia^iiig, 
in  the  year  165  :,  c.iniribiitei;,  in  a  moll  ailonidiing 
iiianner,  to  liie  prtl.rvaiion  ot  tw  ■•  Norw.iy  \outl,... 
The  llorv  of  tins  faiilaction  is  as  toi;   ,v .  : 

Two  brothir,  on  the  firfi  d.],  ct  ..'/..nil,  in  the  laid 
year,  made  an  e'.tui  lion  oi  a'"„  i;t  k  .•  n  i,-."~;iies  fri  ni 
their  father's  hi  ult,  lo  t.ike  iluii  ple.iipe  in  huiitin^^;, 
Ihcoting,  lilhiiig,  I'vc.  Atier  havir^.e'-.joyei  the  i!i\er- 
iii  n  ot   lilhir.g  toi  the  1p..ue  of   l.<iir  d.i' s,    in    ti;e   lal^e 


d.iys,  in  ti 
Rill',  they  rowed,  in  a  fmall  ikiii',  10  a  \eiv  fmail  illand 
oil  the  laiil  lake.  W  hile  llu\  llaiil  lure  a  liidden 
l.;u,ill  of  wiiai  occ.ilioneil  the  ikill  to  break  lo.if., 
and  ihive  lo  the  llmre,  where  thtir  dog  flood  waiting 
for  them. 

As  neither  ol  llie  voutlis  cmiid  luini,  the\  i^iw  iIkiii- 
leKes  luddenlv  ab.hidoned  to  lainine,  0:1  a  thiolate 
ill. 'lid,  ami  lei.|uelle  ed  trom  all  iniLiiourle  with  man- 
kind. Their  tirll  care  was  to  build  .1  kind  ot'  hut,  with 
liiiill  llones,  that  they  might,  in  lome  degree,  be 
leietned  trom  the  inelemenc\'  of  tiie  weatiier.  Towards 
the  dole  ol  the  lei.ind  day,  their  .ippeiites  being  whei- 
t.al  to  the  keenell  lenle  of  hu!iger,  thev  indiilirioullv 
ibuglit  fomc  vegetable  liiod,  ami  \eniuied  to  e.it  tlie 
viola  camina,  cadi  to  the  amount  o{  an  oume  twi^e  a 
dav  ;  and  this  was  all  that  they  coul.l  find  at  one  learch. 
Their  ll.imaths  were  ealed,  their  Ipirils  refVelhed,  and 
the  aiute  |'ains  which  li.id  begun  to  leize  their  arm.sand 
Ihouldcrs  inimeiliatily  abated.  f'leven  davs  diil  tliey 
lublill  on  this  xegeiable,  but  ii  failed  on  the  iwellth, 


and  they  Wire  reduced  to  th.'  brinl:  of  defpair;  when 
they  accideiitidly  found  a  liiile  f;  ot  overgrown  with 
lonvl,  which  ih.-y  conliiined  at  one  meal:  nevtrlheltls 
it  wa^  iv-pri:duied  in  Ills  than  twenty  four  Imiv,  and 
the  ilevout  juu.ig  men,  wiilf'ieai-:  of  gratitu.le  to  l.ea- 
\en,  owned  il  a .  an  interj'olilion  of  i'rovi.l  ,v.;e  id  their 
beiialf.  During  1  he  tirll  d.i;  s  i,f  their  luri..;ii;--  th.-'y 
had  called  and  beckoned  to  il  eir  d"g,  and  u'eil  every 
pollibicaihiremeiii  to  induce  t!;;;r  animal  to  I'.-.iin  over, 
i:iu  iIk\  might  kill  him  tcr  tiieir  lu!ii:Ience,  but  he 
'.\.iiild  not  obey  their  llg,iab.  They  were  n.)w  reduced 
!o  iiieh  a  weak  comiiiion  th:n  ihiycould  not  (laml,  ami 
couid  hardly  make  lliilt  to  creep  from  their  hiit  intiuell: 
1.1  ihe  !o;,el.  'J'lic  eldell  was  feized  with  a  violent 
palpitation  cf  the  heart  ;  and  l!ic  youngell  carvttl  their 
names,  and  a  Ihr.rt  account  of  the  fad  acrivlent  tliey 
haa  met  with,  uj-.in  a  jnece  of  timber,  poiiiling  out, 
at  the  tame  lim  ,  a  t-.\t  from  the  jifalms,  o:t  which  he 
reqiielie  I  that  ilieir  funeral  llrm  )n  mij.dit  be  preached. 
'I'hen  havin;.- joined  in  fervent  jira;.  ;t,  they  embraced 
each  other,  and  becair.e  iierfetUy  veligiied  to  tiieir  ap- 
proaching fate. 

In  the  mean  time  tl-.eir  <!.r,,  lei,  ing  tarried  eiglit  d.iys 
villi  their  ba<'gagc  on  the  lli"v,  retirnetl  to  their  fa- 
le.er's  l.ou'e,  wiiere  lie  reiule.i  fjoJ,  and  inccfianlly 
moaned  in  a  moll  ilii'mal  manner :  lierice  the  parents 
conekideM  tliai  flieir  fons  had  met  with  lonv-  mi' fortune, 
;"id  i;il]atched  a  man  in  leap.':  tf  them.  The  mefiLa- 
[■^r  air.vod  at  the  hl:e,  f;;:::d  their  bagj^age,  and  con- 
Ciuding  t!-.ey  were  diowiud,  returned  witli  the  melan- 
choly tiding'.  (In  liie  tiiirteentr;  day  of  ih^',.-  be'n  g  on 
the  ifland,  and  after  liaving  religneil  every  h.-.pe  ot  re- 
lief, th.ey  heard  the  trampling  01  horfes  leet,  a.i-.i  evert- 
ing their  utiiioll  efflirf',  they  called  out  loud  enough  to 
be  heard.  Th.e  travellers  immediately  came  lo  the 
ihorc,  anil,  liaviiig  found  the  l.kilf',  humanely  put  ofi' 
to  the  ifland,  where  they  found  the  brothers  al.r.o:!.  ex- 
haulled.  The  e.dell,  when  food  was  uii'cied  liim, 
Muld  I'carce  bear  the  tmallell  portion  ;  and,  aHer  being 
conveyed  to  his  lather's  houle,  reiji.iiiied  lor  ll>me  time 
in  great  liangi  >  ;  but  at  length  recovred,  and  I'urviv.J 
thb  dilatler  iiiirty-ieveii  years.  1  he  \ounger  rccovticd 
hi>  Itrengdi  lonitwhat  teener,  and  afitiwards  drew  up 
liiis  narrative  as  a  piouj  acknowledgement  of  G<xJ's 
providtnce. 

Common  truils  grow  tojerabiv  well  her.";  l.vjt  the 
iiil  I  nor  f'Ti  but  very  inditiertntl;, .  Nonvn;-,  however, 
produces  a  gital  \.iriet\- of  excellent  be.ri.  s  luca  m 
juniper-benies  fun-berri. ,,  goole-berries,  barberritf, 
cranberries  coriander-h,  rries,  ral'p-b.iries,  black- 
berri.'s,  bilberries,  tlrawbtrries,  etc. 

With  retped  to  the  ttones  of  Norway,  t!  cy  liave  a 
brown  pel^ble,  which  e.iiiiy  decays  ;  I'lack,  white, 
blue,  grey,  and  variegaieil  m.irole ;  alab.iller,  chalk- 
fhme,  ccnient-llone,  timd-lloue,  mill-!lo;ie,  bakiiig- 
ff.)nc,  Icad-llone,  fl.iie,  talc,  amianihu-.  or  albeilos, 
I'wine-ftonc  or  a  kind  ot  crvllal,  real  crvlhils,  g'anates, 
aiUvihylls,  agates,  various  kinds  of  ijurs  ihumler- 
I'ror.es,  and  e.igle  flones.  The  eagle-ilone  is  very  lin- 
gular, and  letms  to  conlili  of  leveral  Ihells,  or  crafts, 
laid  one  o\er  another :  but  that  which  dillir.guilVics  it 
1 10m  all  others  is  its  bein.;  hollow  in  tlie  nilide,  in 
which  cavity  there  is  anoiher  ll.me  iliat  is  fni.iUer. 
'I'his,  when  il  is  lliook,  nil)  be  heard  to  rattle.  It  is 
of  various  colours,  as  wldte,  grev,  dn  1,  or  brown. 
Modern  authors  mention  only  three  li.>rls  of  tlii.>  ilone  ; 
the  tirll  of  wliivh  is  lO'igli  on  the  outfide,  and  is  ofd.if- 
teienl  colours,  but  com;no:i!\-  ol  a  black  dun.  This 
■rakes  a  very  ililliiitt  n. ale  when  raiikxL  The  lec.>;id 
1.  ol  an  alli  colour,  a:id  contains  a  fort  of  in.wl  ,1  the 
iiilide,  which  is  foiueiimes  while,  yellow,  red,  or  '  !ue. 
The  outliile  is  roujili  and  tandv,  and  leems  to  i..)nlilt 
of  the  particles  of  tlini.  A  third  is  of  iLwenil  colours, 
but  has  the  like  contents  as  the  former.  The  fin.  kind 
is  no  larger  than  a  i)eaclidl.)iie,  but  the  oilu  r  two  are 
otfiii  as  large  as  a  man's  lill.  Tiiele  lijrts  of  floaes  are 
touml  in  moll  parts  of  the  ountry. 

Thi< 


r-' , 


.'I 


Nil!! 

ill' 


I  ,f 


oi; 


A  NEW  ANi>  AlTlIi.NTIC  SYSTIM  ok  UNIVKRSAI,  C'.Oi  :RAPnY. 


I 


I* 


il,*     • 


pii 


fl  I  i 


V  Ji 


fitu.itnl  abiuit  ICO  111! 

jHT  works  at  I.ykk',n,  :\bout  20  niili.- 


Metals  aiul  luincni'.A  alioirul  in  N.irwa\.  Ir.ni  is 
found  in  givat  pk-iity,  and  \>.i-.  ihc  lirll  metal  twr 
worked  in  the  ci  antrv.  (ireat  luiaiitities  are  annually 
cxiHirted,  partly  in  hais,  and  lartly  in  cannons,  iKnes, 
(Kits,  keltk-i,  &:f.  the  national  iir>iiits  ot  uhieli  are  very 
confuleraWe.  There  is  on^'  1;  eeies  ealled  moor-iron, 
tound  in  larj;e  luniiis  in  moralll,,  and,  v\  this  manv  do- 
inellic  toi)K  and  utenlils  are  nude  tor  home  conliniiji- 
tion.  The  lead  mines  are  deemed  of  little  imiMiriaiue, 
but  the  copper  mines  arc  thoiii^ht  ineiiimable.  (H  th.e 
latter  arc  tour  ot  a  capital  naiiire,  vi/..  That  ot"  Ro.ias 
trom  Dronth-'iiii.  The  co;> 
iroin  Drontl'.eim. 
Thcic  are  very  eoiiiiderable  thoii;.;h  inl'jrior  to  the  tor- 
nier.  The  mine  at  Indil'et,  ainnit  30  n.iles  Irom  l)rt)n- 
tlieim,  where  the  copjKT  is  precipitated  trom  its  meu- 
llruum  by  the  means  ot  iron.  I'he  cojipcr  wi^rks  at 
Seiboe,  uliicli  is  the  'eail  conliderable  ol  the  tour. 

In  the  diocefc  ot  Chrilliani.iiul  u.old  has  be^'n  tounil, 
but  not  in  any  conliderable  i[tia;ititie-.  At  Konglberg 
is  a  very  valuable  liiver  mine,  the  ore  ot  which  is  ad- 
mirable. I  .ait;e  ni-illes  iit  pure  lilver  have  been  toiuul, 
among  which  one  ]iiece,  ueii;l'in^  560  p.  unds,  is  llill 
preferved  in  the  Miill-uin  at  Copenh.'.gen.  Tiie  value 
ot  the  filver  annually  obtained  trom  this  mine,  is  equi- 
v.ilent  to  the  value  ot  a  ton  and  a  halt  ot  gokl  ;  anil  the 
works  emplov,  and  give  lublillence  to,  great  numbers 
ot'  iH-Tlons.  At  jarllberg  other  lilver  mines  are  work- 
ed, but  not  to  e.;u.il  adv.i.nta;^e,  lor  thi->  re.iloii,  that 
the  ore  is  blendecl  witli  lead  aiul  copper.  At  Kongt- 
bcrg  a  vitriol-'.vork  is  e'.lablilliei.l  ;  and  many  parts  c)t 
the  kingdo.u  )iekl  lulphur  and  allum  Salt  is  lik.'wile 
made  here,  and  turns  to  very  coaliderab.lc  advantage. 

The  t;unJruiiedb  ot  Norway  arc  liorles,  black  cattle, 
lliccp,  g!at>,  hogs,  liogs,  cats,  ?ic.  'I'he  horles  are 
i'mall  but  Uitt,  liarth  and  Ijurited.  "I'l-.c  black  cattle 
are  of  a  I'iminutivebrced,  but  their  iKlb  is  tender,  ileli- 
cate  and  juicv  :  and  the  cows  yield  plentv  ot  milk. 
The  flelli  ot  the  lhee()  is  delicious,  and  the  lleeces 
protit.ible.  The  goats  are  very  llrong,  exceeding  hairy, 
and  their  ikins  are  much  valued.  Few  hogs  are  reareil 
here,  but  dogs  arc  numerous  ot  various  kinds,  and 
uncommonly  leiTiceablc  :  and  the  ikins  of  cats  both 
wild  and  lame,  bear  a  great  pnce,  being  u'.'ed  tor  winter 
garment^. 

The  wild  animals  of  Norway  arc  the  elk,  rein-deer, 
hare,  r.ibbir,  be:'.r,  wolf,  l)n.x,  glutton,  lerning,  er- 
mine, marten,  and  beaver. 

The  elk  is  a  tall,  alli-colourcd  animal,  bearing  fome 
refemblance  both  to  the  horfe  and  flag.  It  hath  long  legs, 
flat  herns  and  cloven  hoofs.  It  is  of  a  harmlelsdil'poli- 
tion  :  t'-.e  llelli  talks  like  vcaifon,  and  the  hide  is  taaned 
into  flron;^  leather. 


The  rein-deer  has  air 


been  deki.bed. 


The  hares  are  Imall,  and  change  their  t  jlour  with,  the 
fcalonf,  bei::gbro\sn  in  liiniiner,  and  while  in  winter; 
but  the  rabbits  refemble  thole  wlueli  are  coauuoii  in 
Ijigkiiid. 

The  bear  here  is,  by  fome,  reckoned  c,f  the  cat  kintl. 
Wliile  his  hair  is  on,  he  is  a  very  Uj^ly  creature;  but 
when  he  is  l!rij)ped  of  his  (kin,  he,  in  fome  degrees, 
refembles  the  human  form.  Thi;  ivleinblance  conlills 
chiefly  in  the  length  of  the  thigiis,  in  which  he  is  quite 
difTercnt  from  otlier  brutes ;  and  he  li:is  hve  toes  opjio- 
lite  to  i!ie  heel.  The  bones  on  the  v.rills  are  alio  like 
thofe  of  a  man;  but  the  thumbs  are  not  feparaled  from 
the  reil  of  the  fingers  as  in  a  man,  and  are  placed  on 
the  contrary  lidc^.  l.ikewifethe  great  toe  on  the  loot 
is  plaeed  outwardly.  In  tie;iding  the  bear  iloes  not 
touch  the  gri.und  with  his  heel,  tor  which  realon  it  is 
covered  with  hair  like  the  leg.  Likewife  11, ■■  lingers  of 
the  tore  paw  are  of  a  bad  turmation,  bei.-ig  tluek,  ami 
et  dole  to  each  other. 

The  wolves  in  Norway  traverle  in  troojjs  the  immenfe 
forells,  thick  woods,  and  lofty  niount.ains,  ami  make 
terrible  devallations,  devouring  every  creature  they  can 
conquer:  they  likewile  affiiil  the  iiuill  hamlels  break 
into  the  tarmers  vards,  and  do  incredible  miichiet. 


\\  olve,  arid  bears  in  Nor'\;iy  are  afraid  of  tlie  found 
ol  a  horn,  on  wiiieli  :icc(.uut  iheplierds,  (hcpl-.L-rdelK";, 
tarmers  I r.ivellers.  ^c.  aKva;.s  take  care  to  lu|  ply  iIkui' 
lelves  with  Imh  lonorou^  inlbunH-nts,  in  onler  to  drive 
away  thole  ilelliovcrs  from  i!,.ir  ilock-anii  herds. 

\  arious  metlioils  are  taken,  and  liuivs  laid,  to  dt- 
Ibov  wolves  :  they  are  H.oi,  poilbnul,  blown  uj)  v.i;|i 
I  rams  ot  gunpowiler,  taken  in  pits  dug  in  the  ground, 
and  coveied  over  with  Ix'igi-.s,  Ihot  with  fpriru'-guns,' 
&;e.  When  any  ]icrfon  digs  a  pit  in  order  to'entraii 
wolves  .uid  bears,  lie  is  obliged  by  law  to  give  intinia- 
tic.ii  ot  it  through  the  whole  dillrici,  lell  any  travelkr, 
or  other  p.crfon,  Ihouki,  by  aeckle:;t,  pats  that  w.iy,  arj 
tall  into  It. 

The^lvnx,  called,  in  i.aiin,  lup.iis  cerv.irius,  whitli, 
in  Ilnglilh,  is  a  wolt-hart,  has  been  fuppofed  to  be  of 
the  lliape  of  a  wolt,  and  the  colour  ot  a  hart.  Oii-.cr. 
have  tiu.uglit  that  it  was  engei-.dered  between  a  wolt 
and  a  leopard,  wh.ich  is  a  great  millake,  tor  he  i.  no- 
thing like  a  wolf;  and  that  in  which  he  relembks  a 
lei;]  ard  and  a  hart,  i.,  lb  common  to  many  other  aai- 
niak,  that  it  is  very  probable  he  ha-  the  name  ot  li.i.u.. 
cervarius  becaiile  he  purlue^  the  harts  in  the  :.uin; 
manner  as  a  wolf  docs  a  Iheep. 

The  mu/./.le  o(  a  Knx  is  not  l"ng  and  pinnted  !;k; 

^  a  wolf,  but  blunt  and  Ihort  like  a  cat ,  and  tlie  kr.in!;  nf 

I  his  head  is  about  leven  inches,    his  neck  tinir,  and  l.h 

jbody   twenty-four   inches,    without   including  t!:e   tail, 

I  which  is  eight  in  length.     Hi:,  lu-iglit,  tronuhe  e.\t.-i.- 

miiy  ot  the  fore  feet  10  the  to|)  of  the  back,  is  twentv 

inihes;    antl  from  the  bottom  of  his  hind  ket  lo  \lw 

upi>er   part     of   his  buttocks    twenty-three.     He  has 

live  flaws  on  the  fore  iuoi,    and  fuii'on  tli.ife  hehiml. 

f'ach  toe   i.  armed   with  long,    crooked,    liiaq)  ciuA-, 

which  are  ibmetimes  concealed  like  thole  of  a  cat. 

The  back  is  of  a  reddilh  colour,  ijjotted  with  black; 
and  tlie  belly,  and  the  inlide  of  the  thighs,  ,irc  ol  a 
gr.v  afli-colour,  fpotled  hkewile  with  bl."!ck,  but  in  a 
ilitlerent  n'.anner;  for  the  fpois  on  the  belly  are  larger, 
not  quite  lo  bl.ick,  and  more  dil'tant  from  each  other, 
than  thole  on  the  back,  legs,  and  raws,  whole  outlides 
.irc  reddilh.  However,  all  the  li'air  is  of  three  dit- 
terent  colours;  for  tie  root  is  of  a  grevilh  l;rown,  the 
middle  red,  or  of  an  alh-colou.-,  aiid'tlie  ends  white. 
Butjhis  whitenelb  at  the  ends  takes  up  lo  Imall  a  p.irt 
ot  the  hair,  that  it  is  no  hindrance  from  tleing  the 
principal  colour,  wh.ich  is  that  in  the  middle;  ard  it 
only  makes  the  furf.ice  of  the  boily  apjjcar  as  it  it  wni 
lilvered  over, 

Th.e  gluttun  is  not  Larger  than  a  turnl'pit  dog,  and  is 
Ihaped  very  much  like  hin-.  His  Ikin  is  beautifully 
vaneg;iteil,  and  has  a  moll  admir.diie  lul'ire  like  dauiaik'; 
being  to  line  and  precious  that  he  is  Ihot  with  blunt  ar- 
rows, tiiat  the  Ikin  may  not  be  ir.juretl.  This  animal  i. 
lb  ravenou.,  and  halh  Inch  an  inlatiableappaitc,  that  l;e 
will  ('evour  a  can  ale  nearly  as  bifr  as  himlelf  Wh.p. 
lie  i:.  to  oveigoiged  as  to  beciuirc  unealy  lo  hlmfelf,  he 
llarchcs  out  two  trees  that  grow  near  together,  and 
U,uee/.es  himlclt  between  them  till  he  exonerates  his 
Itomach;  and  (hiring  tiiis  opcraticn  he  is  lb  lick  that 
his  licrctnels  lublides,  and  he  may  be  ealily  taken. 

'Hie  lerning,  or  Norway  mouie,  is,  in  iliape.  li!;e  a 
conunon  m.nile,  or  rather  like  a  dormmiie,  oniv  liis  t.iil 
islets;  he  is  abou  tivc  inches  in  kiij/th,  and  covered 
>sith  thin  hair  of  various  colours.  1  hele  creatures  do 
g.eat  inifchief  in  pallures  ami  corn-lidds;  and  uiica 
they  die,  tlic\  inlee't  the  air  in  lueli  manner  that  it 
caules  dangerous  dileali." . 

■J'he  ermine,  or  henntlin,  is  a  kind  (f  wcar.el,  a:.  1 
'lUially  relid.s  in  thecliltsot  rocks,  oramonca  lie.ip  ■  f 
lioiies.  It  is  all  over  white,  excei)t  the  end  of  the  tail, 
which  is  bhuk.  It  is  greyilh  about  the  eves,  and  ilieiv 
is  a  f|iot  of  the  fame  colour  in  the  middle  of  the  head,  as 
alio  between  the  Ihoulilers,  and  on  the  tail.  1  lowcver, 
the  colour  varies  a' cord  in;;  to  the  lealim  ot  the  year,  be- 
ing while  in  winter,  and  brown  in  .ummer.  None  iire 
ignorant  of  the  high  elKem  in  wi,  ch  tie  (kin  ot  this  litile 
|aiiim.il  is  held  throughout  all  l:.uro,.e.      It  is  the  loiteiL 

a..d 


WHY. 

;irc  :ifraiil  o(  l!io  li.iirtl 
Kiilui'ils,  Ilicpl'.crddlLs, 
ikc  c.irc  to  l'u|  ply  lluin- 
iH-nls  in  onlcr  to  ilrivc 
llotks  ;i:h1  IkrIs. 
aiul  t'luivs  laid,  t>i  di- 
)ilbiiul,  lilown  u])  v.iih 
'its  tiu^  in  till-  proiind, 
,  Ihot  witli  ti)iiiu'-f;iui';, 
1  it  ill  order  to  i.'mrai) 
by  law  to  giw  ir.tinia- 
iilric't,  Icll  any  travcikr, 
dci.t,  |.al-.  that  vs.iy,  :ind 

Unui';  ccn.irius,  whid;, 
been  luppoti-d  to  ho  ot' 
.)loiir  ot  a  li:irt.  (Jtiierj 
L-p.diTov!  bctvvi'cn  a  wolt 
at  niitlake,  tor  he  is  n>)- 
m  which  he  relembles  a 
uon  to  many  otl'.tr  ani- 
le  ha.-  the  name  o!  '.ui.ui 
.  the  harts   in  the   !.uiic 

jt  lon^  and  i'(/inted  !.k: 
e  a  cat ,  and  tiie  !,T.v;t!i  ut 
■;,    his  neck  tidir,  and  l.b 
tht.ut  including  the  tail, 
.  hei<;!il,  trom  the  extrt- 
p  ot  the  l)ack,  is  twenty 
n  ot  his  hind  ket  to  tl'.e 
,    twentv-three.     He  has 
ind  iiiin-  on  thole  behiml. 
I,    crooked,    ihaq)  cluv,  , 
1  like  tl'.oll-  of  a  car. 
)lour,  t'potted  with  hLuk; 
;  ot  the   ll!ii;!is,  arc  y>\  a 
ivilc  with  black,  but  in  a 

its  on  the  belly  are  larpr, 
dil'tant  trom  each  oth.er, 

antl  ]  aws,  wh.ol'e  outlides 

hair  is  ot    three  ilit- 

V  c'l  a  i;re\:di  brown,    the 

our,    aiid  the  ends  white. 

s  takes  up  lb  linall  a  [-.art 
drance  irom   leeii';:,  the 

at  in  the  middle;    and  it 

:  body  appear  as  it'  it  wn; 

han  a  tiirnl'pit  dop;,  ar.d  i. 
His  Ik  HI  is  beaut  itiilly 
,in.;l)ie  luilrc  like  darnaik ; 
It  lie  is  Ihot  with  blunt  ai- 
iriurcd.     This  anim.ui. 
Iinl.uiableappaite,  tli.;t  le 
IS  bijr   as  himlclt'     \'>  li  :: 
iiiu'  uiiealy  to  himlell,  i'e 
i^row   near  tOjiether,    .u'd 
111   till   he  exonerates  lib 
|:e:atirn  he  is  lb  lick  vwl 
m:iy  be  eatily  taken. 
|ic>uie,  is,  in  lliape.  li!;o  a 
a  ik)rmoule,  only  liis  i.ul 
|s  in  L-UL'th,  and  covered 
PUIS.     '1  liele  ci"cai\ires  do 
corn-rukls ;    ar.d  uiita 
in  lucli  manner  that  it 

lis  a  kind  ct  wcar.el,  a;,  i 
roc  ks,  or  amoiip;  a  heap  >  -l 
Ix'.ept  the  end  ot"  the  tail, 
labout  the  eves,  and  there 
llhe  middle  i>t'the  heul,  as 
lul  on  the  tail.  I  lowewr, 
Ithe  lcal(>n  .it  the  year,  be- 

n  in  .umiiicr.      None  are 
Iwiixh  the  (kind  this  litile 

huro,,e.      It  is  the  Uteil 
aud 


EUROPF,.] 


NOR    W    A    Y. 


6iJ 


and  the  moll  beautiful  of  all  furs  ;  but  then  it  lolls  its 
beantiUil  whlteiicl'-  by  age,  and  turns  ot  a  jell'.'w  or 
cream  colour.  It  feeds  upon  rats,  mice,  moles,  and 
lucli  like  ;  but  it  is  remarkable  in  thole  kept  in  i  i;^e^ 
that  the\  will  never  touch  any  kind  ol  llelh  until  it  be 
putrul. 

I'lie  marten  is  of  the  li/.e  of  a  cat,  Inii  liiniewhat 
longer.  The  ears  are  lln)rt ,  broad,  and  roundilli  ;  the  eye 
lliine  in  the  night  like  thole  of  a  cat,  and  the  iiole  i- 
liimewhat  prominent  ;  the  upjvr  jaw  is  biuni,  the 
tongue  long  and  fmooth,  ami  covered  vsilli  lliarp  pa- 
pill.e,  but  tlie>  are  lott,  and  the  points  are  lurnetl  back- 
ward^. The  teetli  are  very  white,  unetjual  and  rough  ; 
and  it  has  whilkers  like  thole  ot  a  cat  :  the  teit  aie  ili- 
videil  into  live  toes,  and  are  hairy  all  over  ;  they  ar' 
united  halt  way  by  a  membiaiie,  and  wliat  is  cilLd  the 
great  toe  is  the  Ihortelt,  and  at  a  viilhaiue  trom  iiie  rell. 
The  tail  is  covered  with  long  hair,  which  makes  it  leem 
thi(  ker  than  it  really  i->. 

la  liime  places  the  common  marten  delights  to  be 
among  Imildings,  Inch  as  call les,  cluncius,  ban:-,  h;'.\ - 
lolls.  Hacks  I, t  woods,  pigeon-houles,  and  ihi  like.  Ik- 
is  a  great  enemy  to  doiiieliic  towU  .md  pigions,  am;  \Mli 
kill  a  grtat  number  whenever  he  can  c;)inc  at  them.   I  le 

alio  vei'N'   toiid  ot 


and  will  carrv  them  liuin 


Is      iHlv  >       *%.';        iwii.  I       ..I        s  ;Sts    ' 

t>ne  place  to  iinother  wilhoul  bTeaking.  The  t.ung  is 
f.iid  to  haVi-  a  mi'i'.x'  Imeil,  by  v, iii(.li  means  their 
haunts  mav  be  f 'iind  out.  Martins  fleqi  in  the  day 
time,  and  go  abroatl  in  the  nipjit  in  C|Uell  ot  thur 
])rev.  'J'liev  are  huntetl  in  fomc  places  bv  a  tort  ot 
dogs,  that  teem  to  be  delrnid  l)y  nature  tor  that 
]Hirpole.  l'erliu|)s  they  may  be  the  lame  as  our  litchet 
dogs,  lb  called  from  their  hunting  the  pole-cat,  or 
lilcl'ei.  'J  hell'  animal,  are  honted  tor  their  turs,  which 
are  verv  \aiuable,  and  they  ale  in  lealon  in  the  begin- 
ning ot  the  winter. 

The  llelli  ot  the  marten  i;  laid  to  be  good  eating.  In 
Ibnic  places  they  make  Ule  of  the  dung  as  a  ]  ertiime  ; 
and  tome  pretend  it  is  good  to  diltoivc  the  Iwel  ing 
(if  the  glands.  The  gall,  whin  mixed  willi  tenel-waler, 
is  recommen'  ed  to  takt  out  Ij  ots  in  the  e\c-. 

Some  authors  dilliii^uilli  martens  into  iwo  kimh,  the 
ilomellie  martin  widi  a  v. I'.iu- throat,  and  the  wuhI- 
maricii,  thai  i  to  bi  toi:;.d  m  ih.e  lorells  conlilling  ol 
llnail  tree-,  m  which  ihe\  make  their  nells,  ii.ueh  in 
the  '.iuiie  m  inner  as  f.HiJriel-.  Tliis  may  be  known  trom 
the  loriiier  in  having  a  \iilow  throat,  and  li'e  hir  on 
tlie  rcli  of  the  bod;  more  ol  a  tallow  colour.  Some 
call  it  the  gold.n  marten,  and  its  ikir.  is  much  more 
valuable  than  that  of  tl;e  other. 

Helides  the  bvtoie  m.iiliuin  .1  animab,  Norwav  is  jiro- 
diKiive  ot  I'  ves  and  kjinrrels.  T'ne  ikms  ot  tiie  loxes 
are  greallv  valued,  their  fur  being  either  white,  red  or 
black  ;  but  the  latter  is  ihe  null  ellimible.  The  Noi- 
wav  foxes  have  the  com.mon  char.icier  tor  cunnii:g 
which  the  toxes  of  Other  countries  have  ;  noi-  ;io  the 
Uiiirrels  Ic-cin  to  be  behind  hand  with  them  in  |;oint 
of  fagacity. 

The  repiili's  and  inlects  of  this  country  are  both  va- 
rious and  iium.rou  . 

The  wv:i  wind  brings  man)  infeits  that  greatly  hurt 
vegetation  ;  atil  the  waters  are  produclive  ot  inleots 
tii.il  are  e^ceediiigh  iiiiuruius  to  the  lillieries,  by  de- 
Urovi;'g  the  lilli.  The  moil,  jiarticular  of  the  latter  is 
the  litile  L  ;-!io,le,  which  exceeds  nine  inches  in  length; 
anii.  m  th.  h  ad,  liiom,  and  mane,  is  I'oinewhai  like  a 
horie.  It  is  abv'tir  the  thieknels  of  a  man's  tluindi, 
and  the  i'  kI\  i-  full  ol  c'elis  and  lurrov.s.  'I'he  liiout 
is  a  fort  of  lube,  with  a  hole  at  the  b'.tlom,  to  which 
there  is  a  co\cr  thai  he  can  open  and  liuil  at  pKilure. 
I'h.e  iipjier  part  ot  the  body  kems  lo  have  Kvui  tides  ; 
hilt  below  tlic  \cnt  it  r^iembles  a  figure  conlilling  ct 
four  tides.  The  e\es  are  fmall  and  prominent,  and 
between  them  are  two  high  tubercles.  The  tail  ends 
in  a  point,  and  is  generally  very  much  bent.  Behind 
thceyis.  where  ih.e  gills  are  j. laced  in  other  lilli,  there 
are  two  hns  which  look  like  eais,  and  above  them  are 
two  holes  ;  but  there  are  no  gills,  either  outwardly  or 
No.  50. 


inwardly.  The  whole  body  fecms  t-^  be  compofcd  of 
grilUy  rings,  on  the  intermediate  membranes  of  which 
leveral  fmall  ])ricklcs  are  jilaccd.  Their  co  our  is  a  dark 
green,  but  towards  the  tail  inclining  to  black.  The 
belly  is  marked  with  fpots  of  a  whiiith  blue.  It  is 
t:iki  n  in  the  Mediterranean,  and  alii)  in  the  W'ellern 
On  an. 

Norway  abounds  in  moll  of  the  fowls  ami  birds  com- 
mon to,  and  well  known  in,  I'.uropean  countries. 

'I'he  lea-coads  are  overli)read  with  innumerable 
(lights  ot  Ai;n:uic  fowls,  that  build  their  nells,  and 
hatch  their  young,  among  the  clitts,  rocks.  neigldKmr- 
ing  illands,  .''ic.  and  teed  on  tilhes,  infects,  and  fea- 
weed  ,  Among  tliele  are  altonilliing  numbers  of  wild- 
ducks,  geeie,  a:id  alks  :  the  latter  are  peculiar  to  the 
country,  build  in  the  moll  inaccelTible  rocks,  fly  in 
Inch  numbers  as  even  to  darken  the  air,  and,  with 
their  wings,  make  a  furpriling  nolle,  that  loin,  what  re- 
lembles  the  riling  of  a  tempell.  Many  otlier  bircfs 
build  in  the  cliil's  and  mountains,  though  not  in  llich 
vali  numbers  ;  and  the  Norwegian  i>ca!!ints,  who  re- 
lide  iie.ir  the  k.i  co.ills,  are  empio\ed,  at  :'.  certain  lea- 
Ion  ol  the  \ear,  in  climbing  the  rocks  at  the  moll  iiu- 
iiiiiiL  111  danger  of  their  lives.  Hut  their  'kill  and  in- 
treiiiihiy,  in  general,  furmount  every  ob'dacic  ;  and 
the  birds  tliey  make  iiri/e  of  are  to  them  very  valu- 
able, as  tiic  tklh  and  egg,  fuiiiilh  them  with  food,  and 
the  ilown  and  katners  led  to  great  advani.ige.  An  in- 
genious writer,  in  ijieaking  ot  the  Nonvegian  methods 
ol  bird-catching,  lays,  "  In  fome  of  the  Nordland  di'- 
triiits,  the  t.irmers  train  dogs  to  ipring  the  lliore,  and 
Itraiid  birds  from  their  holes,  w Inch' are  almoll  in.ic- 
cellible.  'Hide  are  auxiliaries  to  th.e  bird-men  or  clim- 
bers, who  eiilier  Icnimble  up  the  face  of  iierpendicuhu- 
rocks,  with  molt  altonilhining  courage  ami  dexteritv,  or 
they  are  lowered  down  by  ropes,  u.inetimcs  above' lOO 
lathoms  over  prqiecting  precipes.  Som  of  the  biuls 
will  allow  themlelves  to  be  !ei/.ed  in  tl.ur  nells  ;  others 
are  taken  in  a  net  (ixed  to  the  end  ot  a  pole,  which  tliL- 
bird-man  applies  tt)  the  mouths  of  the  holes  from 
whence  they  take  their  llight.  In  climbing  up  the 
rocks  two  bird-men  tie  tluniielves  together  w-ith  a  rope 
of  a  moderate  length.  The  lirll  being  puflred  up  by 
the  other's  pole  to  a  projiei  llanding-i'lace  or  projection, 
fixes  himlelf  to  the  rock,  and  the  kcoiid  clambers  up, 
aliilled  by  the  roi)e  that  is  tied  ro\:nd  the  waill  of 
his  tellow.  In  this  manner  th.e\  proceed  alternatclv, 
till  they  arrive  at  the  birding  j.hues.  But  limietimes, 
in  fpite  ot  all  tlieir  (kill  and  precaution,  one  fli;  s,  and 
dragging  the  other  after  him,  both  perilh.  Some 
liertons  alio  lole  their  lives  yeady  in  the  other  operation 
ot  delcending  trom  the  lummits ;  loofe  fragments  of  the 
rock  beii.g  moved  in  the  delcent,  fometimes  fall  upon 
and  kill  the  bird-man  ;  and  lometiiues  the  ro|ie  being 
cut  by  the  Iharp-iJointed  llones,  he  is  precipiated  and 
dallied  to  pieces  among  the  rocks. 

l"wo  ot  the  N'  rwcgian  birds  are  known  bv  the  names 
')t  the  iiorth-wind-fowl  and  ibuth-wind-fowl  :  the  for- 
mer is  ot  a  grc)-  colour,  fmaller  than  a  darling,  and 
makes  a  very  uncommon  nolle  previous  to  the  biowiiv 
ot  the  norih  wijid  ;  and  the  latter  never  ajipears  in  Nor- 
way but  as  the  fore-runner  of  a  ibuth  wind  ;  lie, .ce  they 
both  receive  their  a]i])ellations. 

The  trier,  or  cock  of  the  wood,  .'j  the  princijial  of 
the  game  kiwis,  and  the  largell  of  all  the  eatable  birds 
in  the  country  ;   it  refembles  a  wild  Turkev-voc!    in  tlu; 
bill  .md  feet,  has  black  or  ilark  grey   featiiers,  and  re/ 
round  the  eves. 

The  Norwegian  eagle  is  of  two  f'pecies,  ihe  water' 
and  land  eagle.  The  water  uigle  is  the  largefl,  and 
lives  chiefly  on  th.e  produce  of  the  feas  and  rivers,  'Hie 
land  eagle  preys  upon  land  anim.ils,  fuch  as  Iheep, 
hares,  lambs,  kids,  &c.  Independent  of  winch  he  kill-; 
many  birds,  and  has  fometimes  been  known  to  dellrcy 
children. 

About  the  latter  end  of  autumn  the  Norway  I'.vallows 

try  to  conceal  theinlijlves  among  the  reei'.s  and   bullies 

ill  frelh-water   lakes,    where  they  rem.mi  all  the  winter 

7  ^  i:i 


I 


UH 


fii-v 


A  M:W   ANn   AT  rillAllC-  SYMI.M  ot   TNIS  I.RSAI,  (il.Of  .RAl'l  1 V. 


«■;  ■■■ 


IN!    ;  il        I 


•V-       "« ' 


IT! 


in  a  ll.itc  ot  nillnlihililv ,  .md  iv\ivi.-  .;i',.',iii  m  tlic  l|irin<;. 
Tlic  [valaiUs  ;iiul  lillurnun  tiv  ;iuii:lv  tiiul  wluik- 
lloclvb  i>t  till. in  ill  tliis  liciuimlvil  i  ):ulitiuii,  muiiliil 
tugctlur,  Willi  tlitir  Ll's  .iiul  billi  cni.ini;lfil.  It 
briiu:;lu  into  .i  warm  a;i.irtnu';u  ilit\  t^'i-1  ilnj  culiviii- 
iiii;  wanntli,  and  in  .lUnn  lial!  an  LoiirN  iiiin.-,  lii.;v',in 
to  iiuivi.  ;  !0'in  aliiT  ilu  \  lliittii,  and  even  li.-i',m  to  (h 
about  ;  Inii,  within  llic  ijiacc  nt  an  hour,  tln.y  droj) 
do'.vn  lii-ad  ;  whiih  is  oAing  to  tlu-ir  l.,inj;  luiiiiaiuiv 
ly  waked  troiii  tiicir  Ktliargv ,  or  i\\  i\  ilied  biton-  tiie 
natural  tinu. 

'I'iic  .\i)riViX,;an  ll-a^  alioirid  uiih  lilli,  a:niin»  uliiili 
is  a  l]ic'iies  ot  the  lli.irk  ealLd  liaae-inn.'ri.r.,  whith  i^ 
ten  tathoMi--  in  length,  and  aIioI'i.'  IivvT  :.  lo  tat  a^  to 
jieldthrei-  lalk^ot  train  ml. 

'1  he  liellelhnder  i>  ainudiSioib  lar^^e  k.ini.1  nl  iiirl«>t, 
which,  upon  various  oeeaiions,  ajipears  to  have  e.\lii- 
bited  rymjil'i  ivj  ot  ri\eni;e  ai;ainli  mankind. 

The  wliakbone,  or  biuboer-vvliale,  wliiih  we  have  al- 
ready tielenbed  in  our  aeevaint  ot  ( iie.nl.iii  1,  i--  likeuile 
tuuiul  in  the  Noiwet^ian  li..i>>,  ai  aiv  ^J,re.U  number--  ol 
(j)criiia-e.Lii  \\lialev. 

In  januar'. ,  1761,  a  rperma-eati  whale  w. is  brouL'Jit 
into  (jreenlaiul  lioek  In  a  tr.idin;.;  v^tUl.  'l"liole  ulio 
wore  eoiuernel  in  taking',  it,  gi\e  the  tollouing  ac- 
count of  this  liili,  and  the  mann^i  in  wliii.ii  thev  kil- 
led it. 

As  tlu'v  '.vrre  i;oing,  lhiMiii',li  llie  1  lojie  thev  lav 
fomethinji,  llu.uin'j,  ai  a  dill.ince,  whleh  ai>i)eaivd  to 
them  like  the  malt  ot  a  ihi'ii  ;  but  as  thev  aiiiiroacheil 
it,  llu-\  dilcovered  it  to  be  a  lafL',!'  '.ill,  .md,  mion  teeing 
it  call  up  a  [^rtat  ijuintiiv  ot  wa!  r,  com  link  il  it  was  a 
whale.  TIkv  chacid  l.im  alliore  belmv  the  I  Io|k'- 
Toini,  aid  went  oil"  lo  Inn  in  their  bciats.  lie  leemeil 
a  motionU-t-'  lump,  his  h-.ad  and  t.iil  Iv.-ini;  concealed  in 
the  water.  They  tiiilpieued  the  promnunt 'urts ;  and, 
having  diiLT  a  hole  twelve  inches  deep,  a  i^.eat  torrent 
ot  blood  iliiK'd  t.irth.  L']ion  this  thev  withdrew  to  a 
diRance.  and  loon  alter  the  boat  h.ul  palled  him  (a.s 
the  water  w.is  deep  eiiouj;li  over  his  tail)  he  Itruck  the 
ground  with  fuch  violence  as  to  Kirce  up  Hones  and 
mud  to  a  great  height  in  the  air.  They  waiieil  about 
three  (]i!arier!.  of  an  hour,  and  then  he  expired  with  the 
nioft  horrible  L^roans.  .Alter  this  they  iailcned  a  cable 
to  liis  body,  and.it  lai1  bruu^Iit  hiu  to  Cireenland-ilock 
where  he  was  fee!i  by  levvi..!  ihoulands  of  neople. 

They  took  out  t)l  his  liead  eight  puncheons  of  fjier- 
nia-ceti,  whiili  lay  between  the  eves  and  the  Ipout-hole, 
in  iliftercnt  cells  in  the  b:ain.  .Its  extreme  length  was 
54  f^et,  and  its  breadth  14  ;  the  lower  jaw  was  10  fe^'j 
and  the  length  of  the  penis  eight  i  the  tail  meafured  15 

Anionyll  a  valuable  coilecVion  ot  lurioiis  anatomi- 
cal li;j,aie-  in  thi^  metropolis  istlie  ikekton  of  a  whale  of 
this  kind.  Thole  who  laew  this  ciuiolity  lay,  that  it 
will  coiUain  thirtv  people  in  its  lie.ul,  and  tilty 
in  IM  clieil  i  and  lh.it  twelve  hoglheailb  ol  lj>erma- 
ceii  oil  were  t.iken  out  ot  its  up|>er  jaw,  or  rather 
that  part  of  the  head  above  it,  which  vv.is  entirely  com- 
pofed  of  llelh  and  oil. 

This  whale  wa^  thrown  allioie  on  the  llle  of  Thaiict, 
Feb.  ;,  176a,  and  lueafures  Irom  the  liiiut  to  the  tail- 
tin,  72  feet.  The  upper  jaw,  whicii  .ap|K'ar')  to  be  one 
filid  bone,  is  16  teet  long,  and  lix  bio.id  at  the  top, 
where  It  is  vvideil,  and  from  whence  il  grows  narrower 
to  the  end  of  the  fnout,  which  terminates  in  a  point. 
AJone,  tile  middle  ot  it  runs  a  <leep  round  groove, 
tUough  which  is  lucked  up  the  water,  which  he  after- 
t'liids  diUharj;e(l  at  the  Ipout-hole.  I'r.Jin  the  top  ot 
thi-  i.i'.v  proceeds  a  l.iige  thick  bo.nc,  which  turns  up- 
wards almoll  per[iendiculady  to  the  height  of  about  four 
feet,  and  tbrnis,  as  it  were,  p>art  of  a  kind  of  (kull. 
The  iintler  lavv  is  not  near  f)  wide  ai  fhc  ujiiwr,  herein 
bciny,  (ull  tiie  reverie  ol  die  toothlefs  whale.  .Vt  tiie  dil- 
tance  of  about  eight  teet  from  the  liiuut  it  divides  ami 
become!  forked,  in  order  to  receive  in  the  cavity  a  pio- 
I'.i'.xTance  of  the  upper  ji.w,  whii  h  feems  e.xa«;'tly  to  lit  it. 
Tiiia  ;«.v  had  two   rows  of   teeth.     The  upper  jaw 


has  no  tixih  ;  bill,  inl'u.ul  therelore,  li.ere  is  a'^rc  .vt  or 
tuiket  to  receive  ihol'c  ol  the  lower;  lb  tiiat,  \<i\wn 
the  mouth  was  Ihut,  they  mull  have  refea.ble.l  ibiiianj 
pointed  weapons  in  a  Iheath.  11. e  locket  of  t:;e  .ver 
which  ,ue  ol  .n\  oval  t()rm,  and  pl.iced  .ilm,)ll  at  lie 
further  pail  oi  the jaws,  iiu-aline  about  eij',iueen  inches 
over.  Hence  wlial  i'  told  us  by  fome  'viilei^  tii.it  the 
cluv  ll.illine  humour  ol  the  eve  in  this  lilh  is  noi  lujccr 
than  .i  pe.i,  mull  a|>|iear  to  common  realoii  a.  a  :,:;\c  ; 
tor  we  mull  not  liipix.le  that  nature  is  lb  uneiiu.il  m 
lu  r  propoitions.  Hevuiid  the  linkels  of  the  eves  are  Ii.e 
I  Ao  tin  bones,  which  are  very  thick,  live  teet  long,  a:,(i 
two  leel  three  inches  m  the  bro.ide'l  part.  There  a'-c 
eleven  ribs  on  e.icli  lide,  the  laigell  ol  which  Ls  teniniUe; 
in  circumlerence.  Tiie  ribs  lorm  a  cavity  eit^lit  ti.vt 
wiile  within  the  bodv  ol  the  lilh,  and  111  vvhrdi  wi.rc 
containeil  the  hiari,  lungs,  j^c.  The  back-bone  is  .ir 
much  the  lanie  dilLime  Iroiuilie  lloor,  bv  which  t!;er:b> 
are  luppoited.  I'lie  back  bone,  which  is  ilnee  feel  Lu 
ii'.iiKS  ihak,  ^mealured  in  the  lotiiid  part  onh,  tor  iL- 
up])er  pan  ot  it  is  clolelv  let,  throughout  die  whnie 
length  ot  It,  with  Ipinal  bone^,  like  thole  of  a  hog' a. -I 
the  tail  liiis,  wiiieh  e.-iiemls  aboii;  15  feet,  crr.poU  tl.L- 
red  ot   this  Ikeletoii. 

Though  manv  p.uls  ot  ilf^  Ikekton  feem  nuuh  de- 
caveil,  prob;ibiy  owing,  in  a  great  mealiire,  to  the  iirii- 
ri».s  It  mull  h.ive  unavoidablv  received  in  being  removal 
from  ]. lace  to  pklce,  il  is  iieverthelels  highlv  wonhv  the 
alteiilion  of  thole  who  deliglit  in  natural  cunolilies. 
The  |)articulars,  as  related  al-.ove,  wer^  l.Uely  taken  by 
one  ol   the  authors  of  this  work. 

.Seals  abound  about  the  coall  of  N'orvvav  ,  thev  r^iidi 
in  caverns  and  rocks  m  the  lea,  but  go  or  Ihore  Ivuec 
a  year,  to  bring  tbith  their  young.  I'he)  are  ealily  kiliiil 
by  the  hlhermen,  who  llrike  tiiem  over  the  note  iviili 
large  llicks  ;  after  which  the  fat  is  iL'id  oti"  with  the 
ikm  i  the  l.ittu'  being  Iprinkled  with  tail,  and  rolldl 
up  linglv,  and  the  toniierdepolited  in  talks  tui  train  oil. 

The  lea  Icorpion  is  a  lilh  about  four  feet  lung,  with  a 
head  larger  than  the  whole  body,  of  a  hideous  ali)cci, 
wide  mouth,  enormous  jaws,  and  liiuill  fcales,  ot"  a  leJ- 
dilli  colour.  Its  bite  is  poilonous,  and  it  1^  an  exceed- 
ing voracious  creature. 

The  lea  devil  is  about  li\  teet  in  ieiiflh,  but'  the  he.ui 
makes  lull  one  halt  of  the  lilh.  The  bodv  luddenly  laj.Li. 
into  a  Iharp-iJoiiUed  tail  ;  the  eves  are  large,  and  the  laws 
vviile  and  horrible,  let  with  d  tlerent  ro  .  ot  Ihaip  leetli  ; 
the  tongue  is  likewile  iurnilhed  with  a  kind  of  teeth,  ur 
Iharp  protuberances,  lb  that  the  bite  is  tiriiblei  and 
all  round  the  under  jaw,  which  projei'ls  bevoiul  lie 
iippei;,  there  are  hanging  llips,  or.grilUy  furs,  of  abiait 
foiirjiiclies  iiv  lengtii.  This  liih  i^  eMiemely  voraciuii  , 
dellroving  ilinumei.ible  other  lillHs  of  various  IpeiK^ 
and  li/es ;  ,ind  it  he  cm  Ki/e  u|j<in'  a  iu.ui  that  is  balli- 
ing,  he  is  lure  to  kill  and  devour  him. 

Sahnon  Iwanu  in  iheli;  le.is,  are  caugh.t  in  great 
quantities,  and  highly  elleemed  all  <ner  f^uioije. 

The  liiimon  is  a  very  beautiful  lilh,  and  is  ev.'ry 
where  in  great  elleem.  I'he  female  may  be  ililln- 
guilhed  trom  the  male,  by  having  a  longer  and  iiior.- 
hooked  fnout,  in  having  fcales  that  are  not  quire  lo 
bright,  and  having  its  body  Ipeckkd  over  with  d.iik 
brown  Ijxjts,  Likewile  the  belly  is  ll.itur,  the  llvfi 
is  more  dry,  and  not  lb  red  ;  nor  yet  is  the  taiL-  ij 
agreeable. 

The  llelh  of  this  hlli  is  not  lb  red  when  boiled,  as 
when  raw  or  faked.  It  is  tender,  flakv,  and  lulciou  , 
for  which  realon  it  l.uislies  looner,  and  is  harder  ut 
digellion,  though  generally  (ueterred  to  ihat  of  other 
lilh.  y\b out  the  time  of  Ip.ivvning  it  grows  more  ia- 
fi|)id,  ami  lofes  a  great  deal  ol  its  lively  colour.  Soit'c 
begin  to  be  out  of  lealbii  about  the  beginning  of  Jmv, 
ancl  others  much  later;  wlu^h  may  be  known  by  tluir 
tailing  away,  their  luting  their  beautiful  fpots,  and  i^y 
their  colour ;  intomuch,  that  when  they  are  quite  i.iit 
of  Icalbn,  they  look  like  tilli  ot  a  ilillerent  iciiid. 

The  lalmon-fry,  called,  in  Uiiiie  parts,  a  liilnion- 
liuelt,  u  by  nioft.  ihought  to  be  the  ori"ipring  of  4  lick- 

ir 


■I  IV. 

\-,  vxTc  i*-  a 'iic  .'A  ur 

.)'.vcr;    I'i    li:,U,    '..■hf'i 

ivc  R''...-.iili!t\i  i.i  iii.iii; 

C    lucki't     ot    t;.v'   -'.vT, 

.ili')Ut  L'ij^iuccn  iiKlii-'i 
lomi;  'viitoi^  tint  tlie 
1  liii^  tilh  i^  r.'ji  l)i;jj^Lr 
,ll'.)Il  K-aluii  ;l',  J.  !.;1mc  ; 

l.ltUIC   i-'  lO    UIK'l|U.ll    lit 

vfi^  ut  ll\i.'i-ycs  arc  il;c 
rk,  five  tivt  liint;,  ani 
Ilk  it  p.iit.  'I'licrc  a'c 
1  ol  which  Is  ten  iiiw.ci 
111  .1  cavity  cit^lit  kct 
ilh,  and  in  which  were 
'l"hc  luck-ljoiic  i^  at 
fl(Kir,  1)\  which  i!;i.-  ril)> 
whicii  is  ihr^c  tcci  lai 
iiiuiil  j'art  iiiily,  tor  il  c 
tliri.u_L!,lii.'ut  i!ic  whole 
like  iliulc-  oi  a  lioi;  .i:.'l 
i;  1  5  tcci,  cj:r.poU  il.c- 

.cicloii  Icvm  iiuicii  lic- 
it incaturc,  id  tlic  iivu- 
.civcil  in  being rcinowil 
iclcls  lii^lih  wonhv  the  ' 
t  m  natural  ciinoliius. 
c,  wcr^  lately  taken  by 

ut'  Norway  ,  they  r^iidc 
I,  hut  j;o  or  IliDic  tvMce 
li;.  I'licv  are  calily  kilkil 
:iiem  over  ilic  note  uiili 
,it  IS  llea.l  oti'  with  lli.e 
•d  with  lalt,  and  rollnl 
Itcil  in  calks  tor  train  oil. 
lut  tour  tcet  long,  with  a 
Iv,  ot  a  huicuiis  atJH.ct, 
id  I'liKill  Icales,  ot  a  rtJ- 
l;s,  and  it  i^  aii  cvcctd- 

in  lenjiih,  hut  ihc-  hcv.l 

."lie  lx)ii\  imldenly  taiieri 

esare  larg,e,  and  the  jaw-; 

livnl  1'      ■  ot  Ihaiji  teeth  ; 

with  a  kind  ot  teeth,  or 

he  bite  i'i  terrible  ;  ami 

h  |>roiei"ls  Ix-yoiul  tic 

or.'a,riill\  turs,  ot  abiait 

l^  cMrcmch  \oraciuii~, 

lilliis  ot   various  Ijiccks 

i|xm  a  iiuwi  that  i^  balli- 

u  hull. 

;  are  caugb.t  in  "nat 
all  (Uer  I'iuioj.'e. 
|titul  tilh,  and  is  cvrv 
teiualc  may  be  dillii- 
iiij^  a  lonj^er  and  inor.- 
that  are  not  iiiiile  ;o 
leckled  over  with  il.i;k 
lly  IS  llatter,  the  ll.  h 
nor  yet  ii  the  taiL-  u 

lb  rod  wlien  boile^l,  as 
[r,  tiakv,  and  lulcioii-  , 
loner,  and  is  hauler  ot 
Verred  to  that  ol  other 
liiiu!,  it  grinvs  more  la- 
|ts  lively  colour.     Soiiu- 

the  bei!,iiuiing  of  Jui\. 
|na\  be  known  by  tluir 
Iie.iutil'ul  Ipots,  and  I'V 
Iheii  they  are   i|uile  i.ut 

a  diticrcnt  kind. 
I  tome  parts    '-^  lalnion- 

tho  oliipring  ot  -i  li'-'^- 
i* 


l.UROPE] 

ly  ihlmoii,  which  has  been  forcibly  detiincd  from  villt- 
iriQ,  the  lalt  water;  it  is  apr.-eahle  enough  to  the  eye. 
though  its  talie  is  very  or^linary  ami  iiilipuh  The  lal- 
:iioa  chutes  the  river  tor  its  abode  .ilviui  liv  n-.oail'.s  in 
the  vear,  ciiierinL';  the  trelli  water  alioi;t  l-Vhriiary  or 
Mauli,  in  liiiue  I'laces,  wliere  they  confiinie  to  the  au- 
luninal  Ualon,  at  whicli  time  they  call  their  I'pawn,  and 
loon  alia- return  to  the  lea.  In  {:^eneial  the  lalt  water 
lontribuie'.  moll  to  their  growth,  and  i:-e  tVelh  re:uler., 
thei.i  tat. 

W  iieti  tl'.e  time  ot  Ipavainp,  comes,  the  female  makes 
a  hole  in  a  gravellv  boti.im,  like  a  kind  of'  nell,  ot  her 
cwn  d'lUenlions  ;  which  done,  llie  dilcharfj,es  lier  tpawn 
nnd  retires.  'I'hen  the  male,  oi  milter,  advances  and 
cover.,  the  I'pawa  with  its  belly,  emittuifj;  at  tl'.e  lame 
tune,  a  whiiilh  Ihiitl  like  milk.  After  this  the  temale 
return?,  and  they  both  endeavour  to  cover  their  brood 
w;ih!;ravel,    in  which  they  work  witli   their  notes  like 

i'hev  then  return  to  the  dee]i  to  recover  their 
llreni;t!i,  which,  they  ulu.di)  do  in  about  twenty  davs. 

'riie  talmoii  h.is  d'.tHrent  names,  accordiiig  to  its 
«litljrviit  .at^aes  ,  being  in  the  ilrll  year  calleil  linelts,  in 
the  leiond  Iprinls,  in  the  third  ni.Mis,  in  the  tourth 
forktails,  in  the  titth  halt'  li'li,  aiul  in  the  li\lh,  at 
wliich  time  ihev  are  thought  to  have  att-iinetl  their  pro- 
per growlli,  they  ai\-  judged  worthy  of  the  name  of 
talinoiis.  When  the;  .ire  largell  they  weigh  near  forty 
pounds. 

'I'he  hen  1 12  is  from  I'l.K  niches  to  a  foot  in  le;;gi!i. 
That  which  didiiiguilhes  this  lilh  fro^n  all  oth.er.,,  is  a 
Icalv  line  ihit  runs  along  tl'.e  belly  ii'om  the  head  to  the 
tail.  I'he  colour  on  the  belly  and  lides  is  ot  a  lliiniiig 
iilver ;  betides,  the  Icales  are  l.irge,  and  come  regu- 
larly oil',  li  has  no  tpois,  and  the  belly  is  lliarii  like 
a  wedge,  with  red  eyes  The  I'caljs  are  large  in  pro- 
poriioii  to  t'he  body. 

A  herring  liies  immediately  after  it  is  taken  out  of 
the  water,  whent.e  the  proverb  aril'es,  "  ;\s  dead  as  a 
herring."  The  Ikih  is  every  'where  in  great  ellcem, 
being,  fat,  loft,  and  d.elicate,  el'pecially  it  it  be  died  as 
loon  as  caught  ;  for  tlien  it  is  incomnaraiily  better  than 
on  the  ne.\t  iho  .  There  are  vail  ^luanlities  of  thete 
titli  ta'.en,  falte'.l,  Imoak -dried,  and  ci)nlumed  all  over 
Eur<.>]K'. 

1-lerriiigs  are  dilVinguiilu'd  into  li'.  d'li'erents  lorts;  as 
the  fil  h-iring,  wi.ich  is  the  largell  anil  t'.iickefl  of  all, 
and  will  ke.]!  longer  than  any  ;  the  meat  herring,  whicli 
is  likewile  large,  but  not  to  thick  or  to  fat  as  i!ie  for- 
mer;  the  night  heriing,  which  i.  of  a  middling  li/.c  ; 
the  pluck,  which  has  [eceiveil  tome  damage  from  the 
nets ;  the  lliotten  herrir.g,  which  has  loll  its  roe  ;  and 
the  copllien,  which  by  loiiie  acciiLiit  or  other,  has  loll 
Its  head. 

Thele  ufeful  fithcs  annually  vilit  the  wellern  coail  of 
N'orway  in  fuch  ama/ing  fwarms  as  to  exceed  all  beliel. 
I'i'.e  innumerable  Ihoals  that  emerge  from  their  llieher 
luulcr  the  ice,  towards  the  north  pole,  divide  them- 
klves  into  three  bodies,  about  the  latitude  of  Iceland. 
One  of  thefe  dircds  its  courl'e  wellwaril,  lleering  round 
the  Hebrides,  ami  coall  of  Scoiland,  towards  N'ew- 
t'lundland  ;  the  fecond  fleers  towards  the  coall  of 
<!roat  Britain;  anil  the  third,  co.illing  about  N'orway, 
pall'es  the  Sound  into  tlie  IJaltic. 

The  herring  and  cod  are  driven  in  great  Ihoals  upon 
the  coall  of  Norway,  by  the  great  herring  wluiles  ; 
who,  not  daring  tovenf.ire  in  among  the  rocks,  or  be- 
tween the  illanils,  remain  about  lix  weeks  on  the  back 
of  the  great  land-bank  parallel  to  the  Ihore,  evtending 
aboui  30  miles  in  lengtli,  in  order,  as  is  lupjioled,  to 
'.vaicii  the  return  of' the  iho.ils.  Bui  though  the  herr'^ng 
wli.ile  is  thiH  flopped  in  his  piinuit,  the  lli.irks,  jwr- 
poiles,  ,ind  other  llualler  tilhc>  of  prey,  casi  ealily  en- 
ter between  the  channels,  ami  among  the  rocks  near  ihe 
fhorc.  and  thefe  continue  the  purl'uit  in  fuch  a  manner, 
as  to  drive  thi>cods  and  herrings  into  every  little  creek 
and  inlet,  and  even  to  the  very  margin  ot  the  water;  to 
that  innumerable  tjuantities  may  be  cauly  taken.     Se- 


N     O     R     W     A     Y. 


615 


f 


'   1 


•.eral  hundred  Ihij)  loads  of  |iickled  herring  are  yearl/ 
exporteil  trom  Bergen  only,  Ixlides  the  great  -lUaatily 
confuiued  at  home  by  the  common  -people. 

The  l.irgell  and  f.ittell  herrings  ajpear  upon  the  i  Jaf! 
from  (.'hrillmas  to  C'aiuileilK^,  al  whieii  I'e.ifon  the 
country  peo])le  allemble  upon  1  he  ihore  ingre.it  nuu- 
bers,  with  their  bo.us,  calk-,  lalt,  lilliing-tiekle,  in:. 
Ill  the  compals  of -one  mile  near  300  boats  are  daily 
employed,  lor  a  month  together,  in  Milling.  Tiie  net. 
are  about  10  feet  in  leiigih,  and,  in  each,  the  liiher- 
men  will  often  cati  h  lu  ir  5000  herrin-gs.  The  fattefl 
and  bell  are  pickled  lor  e.xportalion  ;  but  the  uo:!l  fort 
are  conlumed  in  the  couiurv.  The  cod,  ling,  kabe- 
lian,  and  forik,  are  ciught  in  flro:ig  nets  of  4C0  fa- 
thom 1:1  leiii'th,  in  50  or  h'}  falliom  water :  then  being 
pickled  with  l-'reiich  or  Sjianilli  fait,  or  dried  bv  various 
methods,  they  are,  in  general,  e.xi)orted  to  Bremer., 
I-lambuigh,  Amllerdani,  he.  The  Norwegian  cod 
:-i:!<l  heriing  tillieries  emjiloy  and  rnaintain  an  incredible 
number  of  people. 

T!ie  tea  jiroduces  a  great  variety  of  (liell-filh.  Of 
ihel.:  the  moll  particular  are  the  ])earl-mullel,  the  right 
ot  whidi  tilhery  app.ertains  to  the  King  of  Denmark, 
and  is  carried  on  at  his  expenee.  The  peads  which  .are 
taken  annually  about  Miill'ummer,  become  the  pro- 
perty ot  the  iiuecn,  as  jiart  of  the  regalia  of  Norway  ; 
and  fbme  ot  thefe  are  very  little  inferior  to  the  oriental 
pearls 

The  ilar-filh  i;  commonly  .ibout  nine  inches  in  length, 
and  lometimes  twelve.  The  whole  face,  and  the  covers 
ot  the  gills,  are  very  rougli,  with  a  fort  of  warts  or  tu- 
bercles, ibme  ot  which  aie  prickly. 

'I'hat  extraordinary  piotlucUon  of  nature  w-hich  is 
ranked  among  tilh-s  and  called  the  fea-ncttlc,  is  of  two 
kinds,  one  ot  which  comprehends  thole  that  always  re- 
main fixed  in  one  pl.ace,  like  fea  plants  ;  and  the  other 
contains  thole  that  change  their  place. 

The  wandering  fea-nettlcs  have  nothing  common 
with  the  -preceding,  excej)!  in  the  name,  and  they  have 
ditlerent  apjiellations  in  ditlcrent  places  as  alio  accord- 
ing to  their  lizes.  When  they  are  thro-»Mi  upon  the  fea- 
cjall  they  appear  to  be  tjuite  motionlels,  which  per- 
haps m.ay  be  owing  to  the  Ihocks  they  have  received 
.againfl  flones  or  the  land,  which  may  be  fufficicnt  to 
de'prive  them  of  life  ;  for  it  is  certain  they  are  a  fort  of 
.minials. 

The  Northern  Ocean  produces  fomc  very  extraordi- 
nary animals,  as  the  merman,  mermaid,  great  fea-fnake, 
and  kraken  or  korvcn. 

The  mermaid  or  niennan  arc  fea  animals,  that  bear 
fome  rclemblance  to  the  human  form.  In  the  year 
17 1 9  one  of  the  males  of  this  fpccies  was  found  dead 
on  a  point  of  land  in  Noordland.  His  colour  was  of  a 
dark  grey  ;  the  face  relcmbled  that  of  a  man,  with  a 
large  mouth,  and  Hat  note  ;  riic  arrns  were  attached  to 
tlie  lides  by  a  thin  membrane,  and  terminated  in  paws 
like  thole  of  the  lea-calf  The  body  tapered  into  a 
lilh's  tail,  like  that  of  a  poqioite,  and  the  length  ex- 
tended to  three  fathoms.  The  mermaid  is  formed  in 
the  fame  manner,  bating  the  difii.rence  of  fex,  which 
is  ilillingxiiflied  like  that  of  the  human  r.ace.  Thcfc 
creatures  have  been  teen  in  manv  parts  of  the  North  Sea, 
have  appeared  of  various  magnitudes,  from  two  feet  to 
three  tathoms. 

In  the  year  1723,  three  tilhermcn  of  Ellineur,  In 
Denmark,  being  examineil,  upon  oath,  before  the 
privy  counfellor  l-'rederick  Van  Gram,  declared  that, 
in  the  month  of  July,  in  calm  weather,  between  Hveen 
and  Saediaiul,  they  a|)i)roaclied,  in  their  boat,  tbme- 
tliiiig  tlial  lloated  on  the  tiirface  like  a  dead  body,  whicli 
lay  without  motion  till  they  were  within  leVeii  or  eight 
tathoms  of  it,  when  it  funk  inflantaneoufly,  and  roie 
again  nearly  in  the  fame  place.  There  he  flood  near  a 
ijuarter  of  an  hour  flaring  at  them,  and  wa.s  (cen  above 
the  water  to  hi^  breafl.  Being  terrified  at  the  light  of 
this  monller  they  began  to  row  away.  Jri'^  then  blew 
up  his  cheeks,  uttered  a  kind  of  muttering  roar,  and 
dived  under  water.      He  appeared  like  an  old   man, 

with 


I  i\ 


ti, 


'  \i 


I; 


6\6 


A  N'KW  AND   AUTHKNTIC  SYSTRM  or  UNIVI'.RSAI.  (ir.OC.RAl'l  FY. 


rr?! 


^ 


Wr 


ii 


witli  bro.ul  iliouli'.cr-i,  and  ;i  luuvil  lu.ul,  tovcivd  uitli 
ilunt,  hl;itk,  lurktl  li;iir.  llis  c)cs  uciv  hollow,  his 
t';icc  w.is  im-agrc  ami  \\Lailicr-lxatin,  aiui  hi;.  Ikiii  u.ls 
toaiic  aiul  hairy.  Ow  ot  thclc  licioucnt^  tint  her  ilc 
clari'il,  liiat  al^mt  tuiiitv  vcars  l)it>in-,  Ik-  had  Iccii  a 
incniiaid,  with  lon^  hair,  and  lari;c  hivalU. 

"  TIk-  mariui(.lc,  or  iiiariiiaic,  belongs  to  the  lame 
clals,  and  is  perhaps,  the  yoiuig  ot  tins  li)ccies.  It  is 
t'ortued  I't  (litlerent  li/.es,  and  utten  laiij^ht  on  hooks  h\ 
th.e  tilhernien  ot'  Norway.  Some  are  no  bigger  tiian  in- 
fants halt'  a  \  ear  old,  and  otiurs  are  a^  large  as  ehikheii 
tit  three  ye.ns. 

"  'I'lie  I'ea-liiake  is  peeuliir  to  the  Noiuegian  leas, 
where  it  h.is  been  I'een  by  mans  huiiilrid  people,  man- 
ners, lilliermen,  and  others,  in  the  uar  1746,  a  ma- 
riner belonging  to  Ber;;en,  Ihot  at  a  t'ea-li'.ake,  whici\ 
imniediateiv  dii'appeared  ;  and  when  the  boal  was  row- 
ed near  the  place,  the  water  ai>ix-areil  tm;>d  Willi 
l)lood.  The  iitad  <'i  liiis  anini.il,  whi^h  it  held  at  leall 
two  t'eet  above  the  luriaee  of  the  wiler,  was  ot  a  greyuli 
colour,  and  relembled  the  head  of  a  horie.  The  mouth 
w.uvery  large,  and  blaei;  ;  the  eves  wjie  ot  the  lame 
eolour  i'  and  a  long  white  mane  hu;;;;  ilowii  Irom  its 
neek,  whitli  floated  on  the  lea.     Belidcs  i!ic  head,  ihev 


they  law  teven  ur 


'lit  coils  of  this   li'ake,  about    li 


dilhinee  of  a  fathom  one  from  the  other. 

"  In  Kgede's  journ.il  of  the  (iaenland  miluon,  we 


find  that,  on  the  6lh  of  Jul;,  17  J4,  a  hug 


id  Irhd"- 
ful  I'ea  moiuler  railed  iilelf  to  a  moil  lurpiiling  height 
out  of  the  water:  that  it  ii.ul  a  long  Ihaij)  liioui,  bro.ul 
paws,  and  fpouted  water  like  a  whale  :  tliat  the  body 
teemed  to  be  covered  with  I'cales  :  tlie  Ikin  w.is  uneven 
and  wrinkled  ;  and  tlu'  lower  part  wa.  formed  like  a 
Ihake.  It  plunged  itleif  b.u  k  in  the  water,  and  then 
railed  its  fail  aliove  the  fuil.ice  a  wl;,ile  llup's  length 
trom  tlic  liead. 

"  Thouuii  the  exact  dimenlions  of  the  fea-lnake  can- 
not be  alcuiained,  it  ".ly  be  concluded,  Irom  the  con- 
curriiv  telliir.ony  of  ihoie  who  have  leen  it  at  lea,  that 
it  is  ICO  fathoms' in  length,  and  tliat  its  body  is  as  l.irge 
as  a  Ixigllicail.  That  its  lenle  ot  uueiiing  is  very  acute, 
the  lilliermen  conjeoiure  from  the  cireumllance  ot  its 
aviiiding  the  tccr.t  ol  callor,  a  quamliy  ot  whii.li  they 
therefore  jirovide  iheinrelves  with  when  lluy  go  out  lu 
tiili  in  tiie  lumnier ;  antl  when  th.ev  meet  t!ie  lea-lnakj 
they  throw  a  linall  jiortion  ot  it  ovi.rboar<l. 

"  But  the  moll  fu:pril;;ig  creature  in  this  fei,  and, 
perhaps,  in  the  whok'  w.)iid,  is  the  kraken,  or  korvcii, 
an  animal  of  the  jiolypus  kind,  but  feemingly  a  nine 
and  a  half  in  circumference.  'I'he  Norwegian  lilher- 
nien  fumetimes,  in  a  hot  I'ummei's  day,  tiiid  no  more 
than  20  or  30  fathoins  water  where  ll;e  depth  uled  to  be 
80  or  ICO  r  and  here  they  catch  great  plenty  of  cod  and 
ling.  Thev  know  the  krakt.  n  is  below  them,  and  tiiat 
the\-  are  lilhing  ujion  his  £jjaek.  When  they  perceive, 
by  their  lines  that  tlie  water  grows  more  and  more  llia!- 
km,  they  judge  he  is  riling  llowly  to  the  fu.-tace,  and 
row  away  with  great  expediiion.  At  a  propter  ilillance 
thev  he  upon  their  oars,  and  in  a  few  minutes,  part  ot 
liim  appuirs  above  the  water,  reprelcnting  a  number  ot 
liiiall  ill.iiids  and  faml-banks  coveredwith  fea-weed- , 
and  abounding  with  a  great  v.uiety  of  lilh,  that  leap 
about,  and  roll  off'  his  lides  into  the  wai-.r.  At  length 
a  gre.it  number  of  pellucid  antennie  rile  upon  liis  back, 
as  large  and  high  as  the  malls  of  moderate  vellels.  B\ 
means  of  thele  indrumeiits,  or  teiit.Kula,  he  move- 
himlelt',  and  gathers  in  his  food,  which  couiills  ot  imali 
fnhes.  AUer'he  has  remained  a  little  time  at  the  lur- 
face,  he  begins  to  link  again  graduallv,  anil  this  motion 
produces  a  dangerous  I'well  and  uliid|)ool  in  tiie  water. 
In  all  probability  the  floating  itlands,  which  have  been 
defcribed  by  I'o  many  voyage  writer3,-were  no  otf.er  than 
the  back  of  this  huge  monller." 

In  the  holy  I'criptures  the  whalebone,  or  Mubber 
whale,  the  fperiiui-ceti  whale,  the  great  lea-lnake,  and 
the  kraken,  t'eem  to  have  been  all  defcrTlied  under  the 
general  name  of  Leviathan  ;  for  that  word  is  ot  univeiiai 
atceptation,  and  implies  nut  a  particular  lilh  oiii;. ,  but 


a  huge  t'ea  monller,  or  prodigious  large  liili.  For  want 
01  knowing  this,  thole  beautiful  paliages  In  tlie  bowk 
ot  job,  \Uiere  l.e\iathan  is  detcribed,  having  been  tV.-- 
quentiy  mifunderllooil.  'Ihok-  parts  (as  liin.l\  |.,ii,i. 
phialeil  b\  the  celebr.ited  Dr.  Young)  whlih  a|ipiv  \) 
ihe  wh.ilebone  or  blubber  wli.ile,  we  have  already  'm\^i\ 
in  our  aetount  of  tjreenland.  The  lines  which  lult  die 
I'perma-ceti  uliale,  as  rendered  by  the  lame  rev.i..,  | 
author,  are  tlieie  : 

A;  kngih  ;iu  huge  le\iithan  lliall  rife, 

It.  lah  all  his  llrenglh,  and  Ipivad  Ins  wond'tDiH  iM. 

W  hole  he. in  lultains  him  to  dr.uv  near?  Brhi;|d 

D.ilni.-iion  >  iwns.      i  lis  !p;aiou^  j.ius  unfold, 

.And,  lu.nlii.iU'd  rouad  the  wide  exjiaiile,  dilclole 

Teeili  edg'd  with  di-.i'ih,  and  crowding  rows  on  raw:,, 

\\  hat  hitleous  tangs  o;i  (.■itlicr  liue  arile  ! 

A'.v.\  what  a  tlecp  .iby  Is  between  them  lits ! 

Mete  with  thy  lance,  AtvA  with  thy  ])lunnnet  louii  I, 

The  one  how  long,  the  ollur  how  proluur.d  ' 

Tiiole  luiiable  to  the  great  fea-fnake  are  ai  f(;llow; 

W'lun  lale  aw.ik'd  he  rears  him  from  the  lloods, 
And,  llretching  torth  his  llature  to  the  clouds, 
Wiiihes  in  the  fun  alofi  his  Icaly  height, 
.\:ul  ilrikes  the  ihllant  hills  with  traulietit  light. 
I'.ir  round  are  fital  d.imp's  of  tenor  Ipread  : 
'1  he  mighty  fear,  nor  blulh  to  ow.t  their  dread. 

The  lolloping  lines  are  applicable  to  tire  kraken,  t!i.it 
alloiiilhing  animal,  hitherto  unconiiuered  by  tlie  11. oil 
lubile,  ami  iliciiled  by  the  molt  courageous : 

1  li .  like  earth  bears  not  on  her  iji.icious  f.ice ; 
Ali'iie,  in  nature,  Hands  his  dauutkfs  race, 
for  utter  ignorance  ol  tear  reiiuwii'd, 
in  wrath  he  rolls  his  balelul  eyes  around  , 
M  ikes  ev'ry  hvol'n,  dild.unlul  heart  lubtide, 
iVnd  holds  tlominion  o'er  th.e  Ions  ot  pride. 


si:  cii(K\    111. 

JX-fii-)!/,  F.iUKjiifl^^i;  flihl  lu:':.'J.:i  of  tbe  A' 't.-y' /.•.•.•;••. 
D:/i>'lfiicti  of  tti  Jijliii.i  (jover>iMi-i:h  ur  /'/^'^...hm  j 
ll:c  Kiii^duiii. 

""  I  "'[  IF,  people  of  .\orivay  derive  their  origin  t'li.m  llie 
-•-  ancient  Normaiiiii,  a  barbarous  race,  who  aiiiio\al 
gieat  |).irt  of  the  e-oalls  of  hairojie  with  |)iratieal  ar. ■,..■.- 
nlenl^,  in  tlie  eighth,  ninth,  and  l.nlli  c  111 11:1  . 
Manv  Danilli,  IJiglilli,  Dutch,  Scotch,  and  (;en;ia:i 
fimihes,  have  lince  lltiled  in  thii  country,  and  ii'.v 
form  a  conliderable  |iart  of  the  inhabitants. 

'I'heir  laiigu.ige,  in  moil  iil.icc-,  is  tiie  l.imewiih  I'.u 
of  Iceland,  which  proves  them  to  be  ot  the  lame  o;,u;::: 
but,  in  the  civili/.etl  ])art .  of  the  country,  the  ku.gu.uy 
differs  but  little  from  that  of  Denmark. 

The  Chrillian  religion  is  laid  to  iiase  been  p'.iiii.d 
liere  about  the  miiklle  ot  t!ie  tenth  centii.)  ■.  li-.e  ;\|.).- 
mation  was  ell.iblilhed  by  the  D.ine-. ;  lo  tli.U  l.uih-r- 
aniliu  is  the  naiional  religion.  'I'he)  h,i\e  an  ili.!io'i!i";) 
at  Droiitheim,  and  a  bilhop  in  eai  h  ot  the  l>)ur  loil.i  .- 
ing  towns,  namelv,  Bergen,  Sialkinger,  1  lamiiier,  a:- 1 
Oiifolo,  otherwife  called  Chrillianbuigh. 

jullice  is  adminillercd  herein  fever.il  courts,  \-  ■.<. 
whitli  apjieals  lie  lo  the  liipivnie  couil,  \\iiich  is  kli..  . 
ill  the  capital  ot  the  kingdom,  i\liere  tiie  vuenn  IlIui.  , 
who  governs  this  Hate  with  an  ablolute  power. 

Norway  is  divided  into  tour  governments  i;r  i  • 
feeioilhip^,  v,  hich  are  thole  ot  Aggiihus,  1.'.  ■  ', 
Droni'min,  anil  WardliU  ;  beiide:,  thii  oi  lii'i, 
wliiih  is  liiiijeei  to  Sweden  ;  ;;:id  liie  l.v.rd  ill;:uk  ■ 
pending  0:1  ,\orwa\.  t)l'  all  tk.l'e  we  ihall  ei\j  a  u..- 
iinCt  account. 

The  pioviiicc  of  Ai-'ihus  in  I.ali",  Agi.-rl'i:  ■. 
I'ui'feOtura,    is  the  fcuiL-uait  ju.i   ot   Noi.\.i\, 


IjIji    J 


\rnY. 

IS  large  lilh.  Forw;mt 
)iall;ig>.'s  in  til*;  l)o.,k 
:\\k\\,  l\;uiii^  Ikid  liv-- 
■  p.irts  (,is  lin(.l\  I'.ii.i- 
'ounu)  wiiiili  ivpiiis  I') 
,  wc  huvc  iilivaily  |',iu:i 
['lie  liiK's  \sl'.i'li  lim  ill'.- 


llriU  rill-, 

.  ,ul  his  woiurr  )IH  fi/i". 
iir;iw  ivjur  ?  Hi'huKl 
. iou-.j.u\s  uritoM, 
kIc  cxjuiilo,  diltUil'.- 
crovM-iiiig  rows  uu  ruw:,, 
r  (iJc  an  If  ! 
.vn  tlicin  lii.^ '. 
ill  thv  jiliiiiniut  I'juii  1, 
r  how  jiroloiir.il ' 


V.UROl'K] 


N     C)     II     \V    A    Y, 


6i7 


.■a-lii.ilN.c  arc  a>  lu'ilmv  ; 

liiu  from  the  IIoo.Ia, 
turc  to  the  cluu>ls, 
Ualy  hei!;ht, 
wiih  iranliciit  liu,lit. 
r  lerior  iprcail : 


10  ov, :'.  I'.wn  iiie.ii 


itabk'  to  tlte  kraliii,  lli.U 
.iieoni;ULrc>.l  by  tlic  n\M 
ill  courageous  : 

her  r|>.u ious  iaie  i 
■>  dauiiikw  raec. 

reiujun'il, 

ives  uroiiiul  , 
lul  h'.'.irt  lubliik-, 
;„•  ll)iii  ot'  1  ride. 


N      HI. 

;;.;;    (/  t!.Y    A'crr.-YJ,'.-.- ■. 
•jcnwu'iits  uf  l'i'oii/^t,i)  J 


invo  their  orii^in  frwin  the 

I'liarous  nv.e,  who  aiuvn.J 

lojie  with  piratieal  a;-.u.> 

i,    ami    ti.i\tli    teiiturK   . 

Ill,    Scotch,    :nKl   (ier,;i;i:i 

thi,  country,   and  n '.v 

|i.  iiih  iliiiaiits. 

lie-,  is  tiie  laiuewiih  ti  ..I 

to  he  of  the  I'air.e  t,.;^::: 

he  count IV,  the  l,i;.-i%>- 

iDeiiiuarls. 

ud  to  iM\e  been  |''.lii!.>l 
It.-ntli  centu-.y  ••  ti'.e  :\t  >.- 
)atie. :  lo  ih.a  l.ni:,-i- 
I'hey  haveaiiiM.h'"'iM-;> 
11  caih  of  the  lour  ioi: !  - 
■  taHiuii'cr,  1  Luumev,  .t.  ! 
Ilianbuiuii. 

V  ill  leveral  courts,  t.'. 
ic  courl,  which  is  Icit-  ■ 
where  tiie  \nep')  iMhi-  , 
|;iblijhuc  j.ower. 
ir  ;'overniii'-'ni  ■,  '•'•■  !  ' 
i.i    A;»;ciliu^,     I'         • 

l„.|idr',    ihu     oi     h  /     . 
;,a  i!K'  r.v-ral  ill'.nd   ' 
l!..;'e  we  Ihall  jyve  au..- 

I  ,    Ml   Latin   A'^;i.-rl": '•■ 

1  ;,;i  hi  Norway,  ■'-'■■•'•  ■• 

tiluiJ 


litu.Uctl  bctw;?en  tlic  jirovinc'  of  Horpen  on  the  well, 
tnun  which  it  i.  I..i)a:aie.l  by  vail  mouniiins;  Dalcailia 
and  Uahuj,  which  beioni;  to  Sweden,  on  the  elll  ;  the 
nioulli  of  the  Ba!tit,  c  iiled  the  Cati.i;atc,  on  the  li)Ulii ; 
and  the  |)roviiice  oi  Orontlieiiii  on  the  north.  Its  ex- 
tent troiii  tbuth  to  north,  i'-  about  po  iiiile.,  and  fro.ii 
call  to  well,  in  the  luuth  iian,  about  i  :o  ;  but  it  f.iow.s 
narrower  iiorth*iard,  till  it  ends  in  a  i'>oin(.  'llx.  land  is 
mountainous  and  wood',  but  tlie  vailies  are  tolerably 
IruittuI,  being  watered  bv  iiian\  lakes  and  nvuKts, 
vsciuli  pafs  through  the  ciunin,  a:id  lall  into  ih.  Baltic. 
It  l^  divided  into  li\  pattnihar  gov>.rnuieiit--,  vi/,.  Agde- 
linden,  I  lalhngdal,  1  laminer,  I  leniieni.irk,  Roiiimev- 
ritkir,  and  ralleiiiaik.  'I  here  aie  lure  Lveial  lea-ports, 
parliiularly  Ideckeren,  were  the  li;hiiig-tr.ade  atiurds  a 
pretty  confidcrable  income. 

The  moll  conliderable  cities  an  1  town'-  ot  this  pro- 
vince are  Oblelo,  Anllo,  or  ChriiHana,  in  Latin  /\n- 
lloa,  or  Aniloga  Civitas,  or  C'hrilliana.  'I'hev  cine!  <  ii\ 
of  this  province  is  fcated  at  the  bottom  of  a  narro.v  b;y, 
and  i--  jo  iniles  dillant  trotu  the  B.:!tic,  and  about  I  lo 
from  Schagen-Caiie  in  Jutland,  to  the  north.  It  i>  the 
teat  of  the  li)vereigii  court  I't  uillice,  wher>'  lenl»-nces  arc- 
pronounced  m  the  pretence  ot  the  govern. ir  ol  iji^-  |  ro- 
vince  of  Aggerhus,  and  vl  t!ic  viieioy.  Tins  city  owes 
its  found.atioii  to  king  Marold,  cotemporaiy  wiihSweno, 
king  of  Denmark,  Unnamed  I'.lhiiius  becauii:  he  was 
(he  Ion  of  iNLugaret,  I'urnained  f'.llrita,  diugluer  to 
Sweno  II.  and  filter  to  Ca'uite  the  (ireat.  Harold  kejn 
his  court  here  in  the  midtlle  ot  tlie  eleventh  cenuirv . 

When  the  Sivedes  were  beruging  the  tort  of  Agger- 
hus, in  the  year  1567,  the  Daiies,  in  order  to  take  trom 
them  all  pretences  for  Having  in  the  country,  burnt  the 
city  of  Dbleio,  A  peace  was  concluded  between  them 
iliree  years  after;  ami  I'lederick  II.  of  Denmark,  under 
whole  reign  this  town  was  burnt,  dying  in  158.S,  his 
liiccelibr  Chrillian  1\'  relvoilt  it  in  1614,  and  called  11 
Ciiriltiana,  by  which  name  it  has  been  g-iieraily  kn  n\n 
ever  liiici..  it  i<  the  fee  of  a  bilhop,  under  the  aieh- 
bilhopof  Droiuheim.  'I'he  cathedral  is  iL-dicated  li) 
St.  /Vlward,  and  in  it  is  fiiewn  the  fword  ot  Ha-iuin,  one 
of  their  ancient  kings,  the  hilt  of  which  is  of  chryltal, 
and  a  great  curi'jiiiy  fir  art,  a>  well  as  anti^juity.  This 
p  a  place  of  good  trade  lor  li. -timber,  piich,  &c. 
,\lanv  mackarel  are  caught  here;  and  nui.h  i:earl  is 
I  >und  :  ot  the  latter,  LLiiricus  Arnoldi,  a  Dane,  gives 
the  fjllo'.virig  account :  their  lliells  are  like  thole  of  nnif- 
(les,  but  larger,  and  tiie  lilh  hkt  :\\  oyller,  which  pro- 
cuees  a  great  duller  of  eggs,  like  thote  ot  cr.iy-!ilh,  tome 
vUiite,  and  fome  black.  Tliele  eggs,  when  ripe,  are  call 
out,  and  grow  like  the  ilicll,  from  wl.ence  llicy  came  : 
1  ul  fometiiues  it  happens,  that  one  or  two  of  thet'e  eggs 
i!ick  tali  to  tiie  tide  of  the  matrix,  and  are  not  voided 
witli  the  i.:l  :  tlu-le  being  ted  by  the  tiih,  in  time  grow 
Mitn  pearls  otclillerent  li/.es,  and  imprint  a  maik,  both 
111  the  tilh  ami  lliell,  of  the  I'aine  ligare  wit'i  thcm- 
;  Ive..  I:i  this  city  the  iniiitiai  rii^s  b.tween  king  James 
\  1.  ol  S  otl-uid,  atterwards  kin;-,  ot  Laigland,  and 
.'\niie,  the  daugliler  of  l-'rederiek  II.  kiiiii  ol  Denmark, 
were  iblemni/.ed,  on  ihe  iid  day  ol  No.vtnber  15^9, 
that  prince  luuing  taken  a  voy.ige  thill, er,  upon  tiie 
lidv's  being  driven  back  by  contrary  winds  v\hen  Ihe 
hrii  lit  out  for  Scotland. 

y\ggtrlius,  or  Aggerhullor,  in  L.uin  AL-'V-rhuila,  I'.om 
wliich  tlievvhok'  province  l  ikes  its  nanu"-,  lies  on  the  bot- 
ii:n  of  the  lame  ba\ ,  about  15  miles  tromChri'.liana,  to 
the  lljutli-well.  It  has  a  llrong  catUe,  luemc.rable  tor  t'.ie 
brave  relillaiac  it  made  againi'.  the  Swedilh  army  hi  the 
vear  15O7,  which  belieged  it  hotly  for  18  weeks  together, 
i)ut  was  at  lall  beat  otl',  and  torced  lliauetuilv  to  reiire. 

Friderlcklh.Jl,  or  l''rideri>.kll.idt,  in  l.aiia  hridirico- 
li.idium,  llindson  iheCategale,  at  the  nvjut''  ot  ihe  river 
(ilammeii,  whicii  riles  in  the  nioamaiiis  1,1  il^e  pro- 
vince of  Drontheim,  and  having  palled  tliiMu 'h'AgcTjr- 
hus  falls  here  into  the  lla,,  and  tiicreby  ait'>rds  (,,is 
city  a  pretty  good  trade.  It  is  about  50  miles  dillant 
from  the  town  of  Aggerhus  towards  the  loutii-eall,  uell 
tortitied,  and  ot  fuch  importance,  that  it  is  deemed 
No.  57. 


the  key  of  this  kingdom.  Charles  Xli.  kuTr  ol  Swe- 
den, tat  down  betore  it  111  the  bi-giniiing  of  December, 
1718,  and  i\.is  killed  there  by  a  lanii'-ii  ball,  the  1  Uli 
ot  the  I. line  ii.oiiih,  as  he  was  xiewing  tl  e  trenche  . 

S.ili/.lxrg  i,  a  liiiall  lown  on  the  nver  DiTuiiii'i', 
whiili  tail-,  into  the  bay  of  C'hiilliana,  from  whicii  ciiy 
It  IS  about  15  mile^  dillant  to  the  north.  Ii  has  aprctt. 
conliderable  trade  trom  t!;e  neighbouring  tojijn.T  and 
iron  mine;. 

'I'on!i)eig  I'larub  on  the  kit  (Imr.  of  ihe  bay  of  Cliri- 
lliana,  and  is  about  :o  iv.iles  dillant  trom  the  city  of 
that  ii.iiiie  to  ilie  louth. 

Skeen,  or  S>  hcen.  a  i'ew  ndlc,  from  Tongfberg,  Hands 
on  ilk  C'atigatc.  IJotli  tliefe  towns  arc  piaccs  of  good 
trade,  by  means  of  the  betiirementioiied  mines.  y\  iilver 
one  w.is  dilco\ered  in  the  neighbourhood  under  the  I'eigii 
ot  C'hriltian  IV'.  but  it  appears  that  it  is  not  a  rich  ohl, 
not  being  vsorkcd  at  j)rcleiit. 

Hammer,  or  [  I  iir.meaf.  Hands  on  the  eaflern  h.:;nk  of 
a  long  and  narro..  lake,  formeii  i')  a  rivcr  which,  above 
40  liiiks  lower,  t.ilis  into  the  (ilammen.  It  is  100 
mi'es  dilhiiit  l>on;  Chrilliana,  to  the  noviii-eall,  and  was 
l<  lerly  a  billup's  tee,  which  has  been  removeil  to 
Ciiriltiana.  Jt  isilivideii  into  the  (ireater  and  Lilier 
i  iammer,  which  are  parted  In  a  fmall  canal,  or  arm  of 
the  lake. 

I  lo'.le:',  leated  on  the  lake  of  Nordl'ee,  i  5  mik^  from 
Toiilhcrg  to  the  nortli-vvefl,  i.  remarkable  tor  its  cliurcli, 
wniih  l^  cut  out  of  the  ro(  k  called  Vear,  and  h.is  a  bu- 
rv  ing-placc  i>n  t!ie  lop  of  it.  It  is  very  ancient,  and  I'up- 
poled,  by  Olaus  \v'ormius,  to  be  originally  a  tcm;,le  of 
the  heat  hi  ns. 

The  proviiicc  or  government  of  Rergci,  or  Berg- 
eniius,  compri/.'s  t!ie  motl  liiutherly,  and  alio  the  molt 
wellerly  pan  of  Norway,  and  i^  I'urrounded  by  the  tea  on 
the  liHith,  li)u(h-v\ell,  v.ell,  and  north.  It  has  the  go- 
vernment of  Drontheim  on  the  north-call,  and  that  of 
Aggerluis  on  the  call.  Its  extent  from  Cape  N.i/.e,  in 
tlie  louth,  to  lat.  61  deg.  30  min.  where  the  government 
ot  Droiuheim  begins,  i^  about  090  miles;  but  itsgreatell: 
breadth,  tic>in  call  to  well,  is  r.ot  above  90  miles,  and 
in  many  places  much  lets.  It  is  divideil  into  the  govern- 
ments of  Bergen,  properly  li)  called,  and  Stavinger, 
which  are  again  fubdivided  into  kller  dillrich,  or  jira- 
iectures. 

The  cliii-f  towns  here  are  Bergen,  an  ancient  and  fa- 
mous ka-pori,  mentioned  bv  Fomponius  Mela,  and 
I'linv  ;  it  ihind.  on  a  crool-ed  bay  called  Jeltefiord,  into 
which  t!ie  entrance  is  by  a  narrow  llrciglit  named  Car- 
melurali,  bordered  on  each  lide  with  high  rocks  for 
leveral  miles  together.  This  town  is  137  miles  dillant 
trom  Chrilliana  .0  the  north-ueft.  The  bay  here  is  lij 
deep,  that  vetfels  of  above  4C0  tons  can  er.ter  it,  and 
come  to  load  and  unload  Ixtore  ihc  inercliants  ware- 
liouk's.  The  inhabitants  are  parry  natives  of  this 
country,  and  partly  Ciermans  and  Danes,  v.liom  the 
convenience  ol  the  town  tor  trade  has  draw  ti  thith.er, 
ihis  being  the  principal  mart  and  magazine  for  leveral 
niercl  andizes ;  divers  torts  of  tine  t'urs,  \al1  quantities 
ot  hides,  t.allow,  tir-timber,  Sec.  being  brought  liiiher 
trom  the  neighbouring  jirovinces,  and  lliipjied  off  to 
loreign  ]\irts  The  inhabitants  drive  alio  a  conliderable 
tr:idc  in  llock-lilh,  wliici'.  are  lake"  on  thele  coalts,  and 
in  the  lake-,  in  Janu.u'\,  .lud  dried  in  the  open  air.  The 
pri\llegc,i  granted  by  the  king  ot  Denmark  to  llrangers 
make  them  Hock  to  tliis  ti,v, n,  and  import  thither  ihofc 
necillaries  ot  lile  which  the  country  does  not  produce, 
as  wheat,  rye,  bilcuils,  beer,  \^  ine,  brandy,  &c.  which 
they  exchange  hir  tlie  nierchaiidi/es  abovemeiiiioned. 
This  ir.  the  tee  of  a  bilhop, jluflragan  to  the  archbilhop 
ot  Drontheim.  'Ihe  churches  here  are  pretty  well 
built,  as  are  aHoall  iheeditices  railed  bv  tne  merchants 
ot  the  Han -Towns,  and  iianicularly  their  exchange. 
The  common  people's  houl'es  were  tiirmerlv  of  timber 
onlv,  and  covered  wiih  turt,  lb  that  the  town  w.;-  kve- 
ral  times  iviluced  10  allies;  but  lince  the  year  170:, 
when  it  was  almoll  entirely  burnt  down,  the  lioules 
have  been  rebuilt  with  llone,  lo  that  it  is  now  reckoneil 
7  R  the 


.fcjl 


:iii!ii' 


I 


Ml 

n 


l?^^i 


6i9 


A  NTAV  ANi>  Aniir.NTIC  SYSTKM  of  UMVr.RSAI.  CI'.OfJRAl'l  !Y. 


1    I 


#MiV 


the  Urgi.-fl,  moll  luMutitiil,  aiul  moll  imi  uloiis  town  m 
Norway,  ami  is  ti.i'  lijiliI  cI  ihc  wln.lo  kin|;il'mi. 
On  tlic  vMlt-luli.'  1)1  till'  iiHMi  ll.uuls  .1  roval  cii.uUl,  iii 
wIulIi  tlic  i;ii,i.iuor  r.iidts,  ami  vslm.li  Uivt:.  alio  \> 
ilcli  111!  till'  i:ailHuir. 

TIktc  is  at  Ikryi'ii  a  fachir\  lalUil  iIjl- CliNlUr,  ii\ 
vvhiili  a  loiiiiiiunity  of  nuTLiiaiUs  livo,  who  arc  Itilcd 
Monks,  tlioiit;li  tluy  wca;  no  |  articular  habit,  aiul  lia\c 
luniiing  III  (.oiimioii  with  inuiik-,  cMcpt  that  tluy  arc 
not  iiMnicil. 

Siavanncr,  or  StafTan{;i.r,  tlic  iliivt  town  of  tho  ilil- 
triv,'t  ot  the  lame  name,  llaiui'  in  ti.e  hay  e.illed  Hiiek- 
entiortj,  whiih  i-.  very  Ipaeuais,  lull  ot  liiiall  idamS, 
anil  8o  miles  ilillant  trom  Ber{.',en  to  the  t'oiith,  anil  too 
from  Chrilhana  to  the  I'elL  The  harbour  is  ijiaci- 
ous  and  late,  and  would  have  a  i',reat  tiailc  were  it 
not  l<ir  the  n.i^hbouihooit  of  Heri^eii.  I'hoiigh  the 
town  be  but  fmail,  it  i^  the  lee  ot  a  billii]),  llitti;'.j.';Mi 
to  the  ari  libiihui)  ot  I  )ro;ithei;n  ll  i-  the  relideilve  ot 
the  governor  ot  this  dillnct,  who  is  lulijeet  to  the  jj;o- 
vcrnor  ol  Beii;en.  The  town  r  deti  nded  liy  the  llroni; 
forir.lii  of  Doelwyek,  which  tlaiids  to  the  le.'.ward, 
about  tw<i  miles  trom  !itava;i[;er.  To  the  billi.ijirick 
ofStavan|;cr  btloPi^s  Tylc-Marc'.ia,  whole  name  gave 
rile  to  tilt  iijinioii  ot  I'locojiius  and  Orteiius,  tl;.a 
Sta'idinivia  was  the  aiuient  I'hule.  The  ihllriel  nl 
Siavanger  i>  the  iii  il!  temperate,  the  bell  peopled,  \iul 
bell  cuilivated  i:i  all  Norway  ■,  yet  it  ha  no  other  town 
of  any  note  but  Stavanger. 

Drontheim,  Tro:u!ie:m,  Dronthcm,  or  Dronthen, 
is  the  largell  government  ot  Norway.  It  lie^  along 
the  coall  of  the  North  S.a,  being  aliout  500  miles 
in  lengtli,  fre-m  lliUtii  to  north.  It  Ii.is  the  Norih 
Sea  on  the  well,  the  government  ot  \\  arilluis  on  the 
ii'jrjh,  that  of  Bergen  o:'.  the  touih,  anil  on  thi.  i.ill  11 
is  l'ej)ar.vt,d  tVoni  .Sweden  by  a  long  ridge  of  moun- 
tains. It  extends  from  the  6 ill  to  the  69th  deg.  ot 
ht.  Iti  g.'eateil  bre.idth,  from  call  to  well,  is  not  alnive 
I  20  miles,  and  in  many  pl.iccs  it  is  much  Iclii.  The 
c '11  at ry  is  mountainous,  woody,  cold,  and  barren;  lb 
that,  tliuugh  it  be  large,  the  towns  aie  not  very  con- 
fulerable.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts,  namely,  the 
gjvernment  <;f  Drontheim,  pro)>erly  to  called,  where 
i.<  the  i.i(y  of  that  name,  and  leven  fmall  bailiwick-, 
and  llic  lub-govi-rnmeiU  ol  Salten,  wliicli  lop.tams  Uvcn 
ctluT  liiull  didrirts,  or  vallies,  on  the  lea-coall.  This 
whole  j)rovinre  was  yielded  to  the  Swedes  in  1658  ;  but 
llie  king  of  IVniii.uk  rciovercd  it  1660,  by  the  treaiy 
ot'  fojvnhagen.  The  vallies  of  Nomendall,  Heiliyi- 
Imd,  <r  Haij.-;'lanii,  Frollen,  Hinder,  I  kro,  and  fome 
MllieiN,  belongevl  formerly  to  this  j  rovince,  but  were 
given  up  to  ll.e  S.sedes  in  1645,  by  the  tivatv  ot 
Hromll)roc,  together  with  the  province  ot  jeujil.ind, 
or  lemteriand.  This  whole  country  is  very  thinly 
pi:o})lctl,  and  iiol  cultivated  but  along  the  fea-li.ore,  nil 
within  25  or  JO  miles  trom  it. 

I'lie  moll  confiderable  towns  iicie  arc  nronilieim,  or 
Nnlrolia,  lormerly  the  i.ipit;ll  ut  Norviay  ;  it  is  kated 
on  the  coall  of  the  No.'thern  Ocean,  on  a  little  guljih 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Nider,  from  wiience  it  was 
anciently  called  Niiirulia.  It  is  about  2:0  mil.s  dil- 
t.iiit  from  Bergen  to  the  north-call,  and  ha.  a  liarbour 
pretty  well  frequented  by  fmall  velieb,  though  very  in- 
conimixliou.s  tor  large  on.s,  the  entrance  being  ob- 
llrujled  by  rcks  it  was  tormcrly  the  relidence  ot  the 
ki::''S  ■..'f  Noru.'.y  ;  but  the  town  being  only  built  with 
tiiiliu,  wi''  I'everal  times  burnt  down,  and  is  very 
inneh  decayed.  It  1.1  without  ditches  or  fortilications, 
h  i'lc  only  cnrlot'eJ  by  a  tingle  wall.  The  callle  is 
not  fVrong,  and  fiifL;ii;)ed  but  a  few  days  liege  when 
the  town  w::s  1  .ktn  by  i:ie  Swedes  in  165^.  The  Danes 
re-took  it  the  lame  year,  after  a  fiege  of  ten  weeks. 
It  is  tho  lee  of  a!i  avciibillion,  being  the  only  one  in 
Niirv\av.  Tiie  c.uliedral  ciiurch,  ikdicaled  to  St. 
0]aus,vva',  tormeily  a  very  magnificent  building,  but 
n'jw  lies  almoR  in  ruins,  having  been  dell'ii;  ed  by  lire 
in  the  year  1522.  This  town  has  a  conliderable  trade, 
lunlilling  in  fmall  ir.alb,  hr-dial-.  copj-er,    iron,    tar, 


!,oat^  t\ins,  Jwc.  for  whkh  tluy  iin|>ort  I'piccj,  wiiic. 
I'ramh,  vinegar,  thcde,  tobacco,  (.cwrle  cU.th,,  ^,.. 
1  he  governor  h.iv  his  Uat  here,  and  lelide^  cl,i.  fl\  ij', 
I  he  lallle. 

I  he  other  towns  of  tlii-  provin.  e,  viz.  I.cerlUiid 
Stonden,  Scoral.ile,  Oidal,  KamlJael,  and  Soled.ui,' 
.ire  to  fmall  aiul  iiuontiiieiahic,  a^  tonur  t  no  i)ari;n,,ur 
deU  riptioii. 

The  pnnince  oi'  W.irdlius  is  bounded,  on  ihc 
noiih  and  well,  by  the  oivan,  oa  the  lall  bv  Kulli.m 
l.aplaiid,  on  ,hc  loutli  bvSwiditli  i.aplaiul,'  and  ,"n 
the  louth-will  by  the  gcvcriimcnt  ol  Drontheun.  Ji 
\-  Jio  miles  in  l.iigih,  trom  call  to  well,  j.o  m 
iircadth  from  north  to  icuih,  and  is  divided  into  twu 
jwrts,  vi/. 

The  wvllern,  or  maritime  part,  which  is  called  I- m- 
land. 

The  catlern  part,  which  is  called  .Nor.ugiaa,  cr  Da- 
iiilli  Lapland. 

I  he  town  ot  Waidhu  ,  from  whence  this  province 
liaih  Its  name,  is  the  teat  of  a  governor,  but  only  luai- 
nils  ol  a  callle,  and  a  llreet  of  coitag^^s,  inhabitui  i.liMle 
Ia  tillieriiicn. 

Th:  province  of  Bahus,  ti:oU|:h  yieldvl  totheSnuks 
in  idjS,  IS  yet  accounted  a  part  ot  Norw.u,  Imtij 
Its  moll  loutiiern  |>ioviiice.  It  1,  90  miles  lon^  hu 
not  above  25  bro.ul  whue  wulell,  and  onlv  10  in  lo.ue 
1'l.ices.  It  h.iih  Well  (iothland  to  the  louth,  Dalu  oti 
I  he  lall,  the  government  it  .XL'gerhus  on  the  iiu.-ih, 
and  the  Cattegate  on  the  >vell.  '1  lie  principal  places  arc 

Bahus,  a  llrong  caille,  built  on  a  tmall  ifland  in-de 
bv  the  river  N'ore-Klf,  which  there  rcceivvs  liu:  tji- 
oil:a  Klf,  and  both  together  arc  called  Tiolheiia.  It 
is  1 16  mile,  diftant  from  Chriltiana  ,  wa^  built  in  ij09 
In  II.U|iiiii,  the  lliond  king  of  Norwav,  and  llinds  on 
alieeproik  near  the  banks  of  the  river.  The  kiii"s 
ot  Deiimar!.  had  tortitied  it  .after  the  modern  falluun, 
but  liirreitileied  it  to  the  Sacdes  in  1658,  bv  the  tr'aiv 
of  RoIc'mI -d.  ■ 

Maellband.  a  llrorg  built  toun  on  a  nxk  in  a  kiiij 
ot  peninfula,  about    10  miles  hjow  Bahus,    ii  a  plate 


it    great    trade  tor  tilh, 
giiaid  it. 


■nd  hath  a  llrong    callle  tu 


SKCriON     iv. 

Frrfons,  Empluynicnti,  /Imujunints,  Difpo/itimn,  MJ.f 
of  liviir/,,  Dijciifes,  Drejs,  Huiutin^s',  .Iniuuufiu,  .:• - 
luli-s  ij  E\pr>rt  liiiJ Imjur,  I'liii/e «,■.<,  iSf.  ij  :i.w  J',- 
hai/iLtn!s  ol  Aciivtiv. 

'T'HK  Norwegians  in  gcnci.il,  are  tall,  tloui,  k/uuU, 
■*■  hardy  and  well  made;  holiniable,  i>rave,  and  liu 
nell,  but  litigious.  The  womm  are  tinelv  llupec, 
c  Jiiiely,  fair  and  obliging.  Tlie  mountaineers  are  tv 
inarkaiily  llrong,  as  the  tone  ot  their  nerves  .leejuirci 
gicit  nrmnels  by  hard  living,  much  labour,  cuntmu.il 
exercile,  and  being  expoled  tr.im  intancy  to  all  the 
rigors  ut  the  cold  kalon.  Th.ole  wIkj  dwell  in  the  ma- 
ritime ]iarts  o\  the  kiiigd(^m  beiome  excellent  mar;- 
riners,  trom  the  in'.ellaiit  practice  ot  lilhing  and  navj;:;.>- 
tion.  riiepealanis are  generally  their  own  haiulicraltnie.i, 
that  is  tiicy  are  in  general  able  to  make,  for  the  ule  oi 
thtmlelves  and  families,  the  following  articles,  v:.'.. 
I  lal-,  woollen  cloths,  linen  cloths,  llockings,  Ih^n  , 
iroM-woik,  n)inery-work,  carjientry-work,  &;e. 

They  are  likewile  excellent  tanners,  cqicrt  lliip  .i.'iil 
bo.it-builders,  ami  Icjme  ot  them  make  toleraiile  w- 
lins,  anil  other  mulical  inllruinei-.ts.  Their  general 
pro|xntity,  however,  is  to  carve  in  wood,  whiLii 
they  do  in  a  moll  furpriling  manxicr,  w^ith  only  a 
common  knife,    which  is  likewile  of    their  own  in.ik- 

Their  amulement^  ;'.rc  riding,  wrcfiling,  liiimnrii', 
(kaiting,  climbing,  Ihooiing,  blowing  ..  iiorn,  playny 
on  the  violin,  thiummmg  upon  a  kind  of  guitlar,  ;i'id 
making  veries.  Indeed  tliey  are  fo  fond  of  mulic,  that 
they  eve.'i  play  on  the  violin  at  their  funerals. 

The 


dry,  far  ui 
irclh  rilh, 
Clieele  th- 
whey  ; 
ings,  wcdc 
ale  ;  and, 
ever  run  n 
fucli,  that 
number  are 
being  turne 
I7JJ  f.ur 
Trederickll 
ceeil^d  8co 

Some  te\ 

'I  o  dull; 

Ciently  tl 

Oil  their 

S  I  noilel 

I. ike  t:nr 

But  ri|)ii 

Aiu\  u)'n 

Thus  ilail 

<  >f  lelieni 

Siiil  ijiiiit 

And  Ileal 

Some  of 

the    gout, 

tiurvy,  K-c. 

The  peali 

jacket,    mai 

breeches  of 

llouched   hat 

luiimier  llioe 

leather  bulk 

Ihoes  and  Ik 


Al'IIY. 

y  imix)rt   I'liicfs,  wine. 

',  ;ind  icliiici  cliii  fl\  i.t 

ovli'.c,  viz.  l.ivrlUnd, 

.niiil.l.i'.'l,    .mil  SoltiLiil, 
ii^  to  iiKT'l  no  i;:irt;ii,l.ir 

,  is  liDumioil,  on  iho 
o.\  tlic  i.ilL  by  kuliuin 
Mxlilli  l.i;'!:iiul,  ami  in 
iiciit  1.1  Dronllu'uii.  li 
I  e;ul  li>  well,  J..O  m 
and  i^  divliicJ  into  iwu 

art,  \vlr.i.i>  i>  taliid  liii- 

.ill^'J  Norv.i'gia;),  i.r  I'i- 

ini  wlii'nCL'  tliis  iTovincc 

g<ncrnor,  but  only  loa- 

toii.iw;^'',  inliabitLii  i.liulty 

iU'.;li  vicldul  ti)  ilu-Suni.s 

Jl.irt     Ot    Nul"W.U,      I'll!:;) 

It   1-)  90  miles  loni,  bi.i 
Icll,  and  only  10  m  loa.c 
iiid  to  ilic  ibuih,  l)A\i  on 
.■\tretrlnis  on  t!ic  m  :ii:, 
;.  'i  nc  iiriiuipal  ],luct^  .no 
It  on  a  Imall   ifland  111..!.: 
:li  tlicrc  ri'ii-iws  tin    tji- 
mc  (.allwl  'IriiilKii.i.     It 
■illiana  ,  \va>  built  in  1  jjj 
ot  Norvsav,  and  tl.iadb  on 
lit  the  rivL-r.     Ihi.-  kiii;;^ 
after  the  modi-rn  fdh.u.i, 
.■dcs  in  i65«,  by  the  treaty 


nrRoiT.] 


NORWAY. 


619 


town  on  a  rock  ni  a 


kinj 


Jmv  Bahus,    ii  a  ])!acc 
d  liatli  a  llrofi!^   lalllc  lu 


)  N     IV. 

iiliiKis,    Di/po/iliiri,    Mdf 
Ihiiutiiivs,  Jimumcnl,  ..'•- 


r.it,   art  tall,  llout,  rui>uU, 
holpitable,  brave,  and  lio- 
Aor.Kn    are    tinciy  ih-ipo:, 
I  lie  niountainterb  are  ri- 
iL-  i>t  tlieii  nerves  .tcnuirc, 
iuulU  labour,    coiiimu.il 
1  trom    intancy  to  all  the 
lole  wh<J  lUvell  in  the  in.i- 
111  beuiine  excellent  mar;- 
lOllcc  ot  lilliiiu;  and  navi;:;i- 
lly  tlieiro*nhandieraltnie,i, 
ibie  to  iTuike,  lor  tlie  ulc  ot 
ne    tollouing  .articles,    v;/.. 
n  Llotl'>,   ltoekilU',^,    Ihoi  , 
])t  ntry-work,  &;e. 
1  i.uiners,    e.-qiert  Ihip  -itid 
tlient  make  toleraiile  vi"- 
llruinei-.ts.     Their  geiieial 
carve    in   wood,    wlikii 
,iny   manner,    with   onK  a 
kewile  ol    their   own  in..k- 

li.ne,,  wreflling,   h\im:iiM.i', 

;,  blowing  .-  norn,  i.l.iV'.i 

j^on  a  kind  ot  [iuitt.ir,  aul 

are  i"o  lond  ot  mulie,  tlut 

at  their  funciab. 

Ihe 


"I'lie  Norwo}»ians,  tipon  variouiociafimis,  have  cvinceil 
|i.,n  mtrejiidiiv  ;  but  wliil.'  under  llie  mllu-ncc  ot  ran- 
i>.ur,  tlmr  courage  det;cn.iatcs  into  brutaiuy.  'liny 
a.e  alwuvh  i,uarreliing  with  e.ieli  otiici,  and  tonuiiine.s 
I  ^ir  iiiuieis  have  been  known  to  rage  luun  geneialion 
t  I  ;,-iieratKin,  ind  to  be  tianimiiti. .,  Ii  ..11  jvuierity  In 
|)iil.,iiyi  with  iiarticui.ir  iniuaction:,  honi  ih.-  ;i,'.;eni:. 
t  >  iht'ii  chiairen,  to  contida  II  a-,  a  taniiiy  i|uarrJ,  and 
e.ii  il..it  aecount  i.i  carr)  n  on  wiili  tlie  gnatill  iinpla- 
4  ibilitv.  The  lowxll  c'lal^  ut  peoj.le  have  iheir  itin.ii- 
ll^)^  i.t  hiiiiour,  and  when  liiey  idiieeive  theiuulvei 
aH'roiii  >l,  leiui  cnalletiges  to  ligl  '  "i  liiigic  coinliat  , 
but  ilnlediielb  i)ein^;  generalh  tounded  in  nialiee,  are 
larried  to  the  moll  lavaj^e  extteilK^,  and  ikg^neraic 
into  abluaite  bulviiery.  Nv  !ii.ii  a  Kinibat  ul  this  kind  i-. 
to  iie  t  /ii;;iit,  the  luinbat.ints  tallen  th,  inl.'lve:.  to*',  llur 
by  luiuks  lixed  to  tin  exiri milieu  ol  tluir  belts,  and  then 
tight  turioully  with  iheir  kiinis  till  one  or  both  till  to 
the  giound,  cither  de.ul  or  morially  wounded.  The 
common  peoi  Ic,  in  many  things  relemble  tni-  three  na- 
iions  nvivv  lubordinatc  to  the  crown  ot  (iieat  liiitain  : 
like  tiie  Scotch,  the)  have  aijiinng  llioii!>.|it\  whiclieveii 
dillKuitics  cannot  IuIaIuc  ;  like  the  liilii,  thev  (lieiilh 
ideas  ot  incle|)endente  ;  and,  iike  liie  Welch,  i1k\ 
[iluine  theinlelvi.s  upon  liieir  iieciigicc'-. 

The  piiiicijal  |.eoi  le  i^t  Norway  live  as  invuiiotilK 
as  the  laiuie  and  eoniineice  ot  the  country  will  admit  ; 
but  the  jieaUiit-,  in  general,  are  frugal  and  temiKTate, 
cxtiji  at  the  lime  ot  keeping  any  ot  their  til'dvals. 

The  cummon  bread  1:1  m.uie  ot  oatmeal,  and  lormed 
into  cakes  like  tl'.ole  ot  .Sjoiland.  In  times  ot  dearth 
llicy  dr;.  the  bark  ot  the  tii-irc  ■,  or  elm-tree,  and  grind 
it  into  . I  kind  ot  tlour,  which  they  mix  with  a  Imall 
portio:!  ot  oatmeal,  and  thus  comi'iile  a  kiixl  ut  lublli- 
tute  for  bread. 

In  the  maritime  parts  it  is  common  to  knead  the  roes 
of  cixl  with  oatmeal  or  barley  meal,  and  lx)il  the  com- 
pornion  tor  a  pudduig  ;  and  the  liiiuor,  which  lerves  a^ 
a  kind  of  loup,  is  enriched  with  a  lalt  nuickarel,  or 
pitkled  herring. 

Beef,  mutton,  or  goats  (Lfli,  tlicy  pickle,  tliioke,  ur 
dr),  for  winter  llocK  i  liit  in  ilie  lumiiier,  umaily  eat 
Irelh  rilh,  growle,  j  art  ridge,  deer,  hare,  rein-deer,  ia 
Cheelc  thev  h.ave  all  tlie  year,  and  in  cuinmon  drink  lour 
w'luy  ;  Ian  at  (.'hrilimas,  and  other  kiiivab,  cl.iillen- 
ing-.,  weddings,  kc.  tiiey  provide  good  llore  •  *  llrnng 
ale  ;  anil,  indeed,  lliele  arc  the  only  times  in  wnieh  the\ 
ever  run  mtoain  excellis  ;  tor  their  ulual  tenipeianee  1 
liah,  tliat  tiiey  are  generally  very  long  lived  :  a  j!;rw\i 
nuii.ber  are  to  be  loinid  who  are  hearty  and  well  aUer 
being  turned  ot  an  hundred  year.^  i  t  age.  In  the  year 
ly-jj  four  coujdes  danced  before  his  JJanilli  iinjcth  al 
I'lvdericklhall,  whole  ages,  wh.en  added  together,  e\- 
eced'xl  8co  years. 

Some  few,  by  temp' ranee  taught,  approaching  fl'-.v 

To  dillai.t  tate,  by  eal'\  Jounlle^  go  ; 

Ciently  they  lay  them  down,  as  i  \ening  llieep 

On  their  own  woolly  fleece^  lotlly  deep. 

S  1  noiU-l.!s  would  1  live,  lueh  death  to  find. 

Like  liiiKly  tiuil  not  Ihaken  In  the  wind. 

But  ripei)  dropping  on  the  laplels  bough, 

And  i.ying,  i.otning  to  myl'eit  would  owe. 

Thus  daily  changing,  with  a  duller  talle 

tM   iellening  jo\-.,   1  bv  degrees  would  halle  ; 

Sihl  (.;aiiliiig  giountl  bv  uiiiierceiv'd  decay. 

And  Ileal  niylell  from  lite,  and  melt  aua\. 

Some  of  the  Niu'wegians  however,  arc  lubjed  to 
the  gout,  epileplv,  rheumatifm,  catarrhs,  leproly, 
lcurv\,  &c. 

Tlie  pealiuits  of  this  country  drefs  in  a  wiile,  knle 
jacket,  made  of  coa.le  cloth,  with  wailUoat  and 
breeclies  oi  the  fime.  On  their  heads  they  we.ir  a 
Ikniched  hat,  or  a  cap  decorated  with  ribbons:  their 
tumnier  llioes  are  without  liile^  Ixil  in  wimer  they  ule 
leather  bulkins  ;  and,  betides  tliele,  they  have  liiow 
Ihoes  and  ikaits  to  travel  in  the  winter.     A  corps  ot 


ligiit  tri)ops,  ilius  accoutcral,  are  kept  always  in  re-idi- 
ne!s  tor  winter  eX] (editions,  in  cale  of  cnicrgcncies , 
ami  ihele  travel  with  more  I'pccd  than  the  I'witf.'Jl 
horles. 

'I'hc  Norwegian  pcafant  never  wears  a  neckcloth,  or 
cioleshiswaillco.it,  but  on  cert.uii  occafioir ,  cli')')(in<» 
alwajs  to  liave  Ins  neck  and  bnall  bare,  and  lufl'er,  the 
Inow  to  beat  into  his  bolom.  Ruuiul  his  wailt  he  wc.ns 
a  leathern  belt,  adorned  witli  brals  |)latc'i,  from  which 
hangs  a  brats  chain,  that  liill  tins  a  knife,  gimblet,  occ. 

The  women  drefs  in  jackets  Lued  dole  about  them  ; 
rourul  their  w.iilU  ihey  wear  girdles  of  leather,  orna- 
mented Willi  lilver;  and  about  their  necks  lilver  chains, 
iiiibellulied  with  gill  medals;  their  caps  and  handker- 
ihiet^,  and,  on  cirtain  occalions,  their  tretlls  are  a- 
donied  with  Imall  plates  and  Ipangles  of  (ilver,  brafs, 
.liid  tiiii  lanj,e  rings,  buttons,  and  a  variety  of  other 
trinkets. 

The  jiublic  cdilices  of  Norway  are  built  with  Hone  i 
the  lioules  of  the  princijul  people  with  Hone  or  brick; 
but  the  common  people,  in  general,  relide  in  wo-xieii 
habitations. 

The  wuoikn  houll-s  are  iii.i  le  ot  fir  and  pine-trees 
laid  upon  e.K  h  other,  ami  j(jined  with  mortices  at  the 
corners.  I'ew  ot  the  fariii-houle-)  have  either  chim- 
nies  or  windows ;  but  a  hole  in  the  root  lerves  for  both, 
as  it  lets  out  fmoak,  and  letj  in  h;.;ht.  In  tummcr  time 
the  whole  is  left  c|iiitc  open  ,  but  in  winter  it  is  covered 
with  the  tranl'parent  meml-rane  ot  lijine  animal,  which 
ailmits  the  light,  and  at  the  lame  time  is  lb  |)laced,  as 
not  to  imjiede  the  evaporation  of  the  I'moak.  This 
membrane  is  occalioiully  (ixed  or  removed  by  the 
means  ut  a  long  jiole,  wliieh  [.ole  every  llrangcr,  who 
enters  the  houle,  is  obliged  to  go  and  touch,  agreea- 
ble to  an  ancient  cudoiii.  The  root  is  covered  with 
tlie  bark  ot  birch  trees,  wh'- '  s  deemed  incorrup.tible  ; 
and  that  again  is  coated  wit.  ...1,  froinwldch  the  graii 
IS  cut  every  lealon.  The  ceiling,  on  the  inlide,  is 
alKiut  eight  feet  from  the  ground  ;  and  being  arched 
like  a  cupola,  the  fmoak  rolls  about  within  the  circular 
part  till  It  tinds  a  vent  at  the  hole,  jull  beneath  this 
.iperiure  llands  a  table,  lurrounded  with,  branches,  and 
at  the  end  a  high  teat  tor  the  mailer  of  the  family, 
where,  during  meal  times,  he  lits  in  great  llate  ;  and, 
indeed,  upon  all  occalions,  atriimes  the  appearance  ot 
dignity,  |)uts  on  many  confeeiuential  airs,  and  fancies 
himlelf  a  i)erlbn  of  the  utmolt  importance.  It  hath 
been  the  oblervation  ot  man)  travellers,  that  the  inha- 
bitants ot  all  coneiueied  nations  are  much  more  proud 
than  thole  to  wiiom  tliey  are  held  in  fubordination ; 
and  that,  as  they  are  ulualK  kept  poor  and  illiterate, 
their  vanity  riles  in  propoition  to  their  ignorance. 

Of  all  the  caules  which  confpirc  to  blind 

Man"s  erring  judgment,  and  milguide  the  mind  ; 

What  the  weak  head  with  llrongell  bias  rule:; 

Is  pride,  the  never-tailing  vice  of  tools. 

What  ever  nature  has  in  worth  deny'd, 

She  gives  in  large  recruits  of  needful  pride  : 

ln)r,  as  in  bodies,  lb  in  IIjuIs,  we  find 

What  wants  in  blood  and  Ipirit's  hll'd  with  wind. 

Pride,  where  wit  fails,  tleps  in  to  our  defence. 

And  tills  up  all  the  mighty  void  ot  lenfe. 

The  armanu^n.  of  Norw.iy  conliib  in  .about  j'0,000 
land  hjices,  and  about  14,000  teamen  ;  and  the  annual 
revenue  amounts  to  iSo,oool.  I'he  commodities  ex- 
ported are  numeruus,  as  wrought  and  unvvrought  cop* 
[)er,  iron,  lead,  marble,  mill-llones,  cow-hides,  goat* 
Ikins,  tox-(kins,  leal-lkins,  bear-ikins,  beavers,  mar- 
tens, ermines,  mails,  deal  boards,  timber,  herrings, 
cixl,  ling,  lalmon,  lobflers;  flounders,  down,  feathers, 
butter,  tallow,  train  oil,  juni|xr  and  other  berries, 
lalt,  glafs,  tar,  nuts,  alluni,  vitriol,  jiot-allies,  &c. 
The  commodities  imported  chietiy  conliil  of  luxurious 
art  icier. 

Iilvcry  freeholder  in  Norway  enjoys  the  rignt  of  pri- 
mogeniture,   and  power  of   redemption.      It  is  very 

ulual 


4' 


'■  jiij 


A  NF.W  ANt>  AUTMF.NTIC  SYSTKM  or  UMVF.R'^AI,  (ILOuKAI'l  IV. 


6]o 

tilual  t<>  lie  .1  (xilaiU  iiiliabiiiiig  ihc  Unu-  lioul'e  wliuli 
l\;l  I  I'.'iil  |U)tKllal  400  \t.Hs  oy  Ills  aiii  illor^.  The 
i)ili'N-n.ul>,  iir  tivilmlil,  i;iniu)t  Ik*  alun.itnl  bv  l.il' , 
<ir  utlK-rwili-,  troiii  ilic  rij»lit  licir,  ralU'il  ixliK-iii.iivl 
It  l>c  is  luX  able  u>  rciitiiu  tlic  cll.iti-,  lie  kiix).\r>.s  hi< 
iiica|iaciiy  ivcry  tenth  uar  at  tin:  ttfliuus :    ami  it  \w. 


'>r  iiis  heirs,  Id  the   ihlril  j;eneration,    iIkiuIiI  a.^;;-. 
wimIiIi  ii\(iuj;li  tnr  th.il    ('iiriiolo,  the   i^jlUlloi,    ,<(    [,. 
iiiiif  mull  );i\e  up  tin.'  j  jtlwillon. 

1  lie  hillory  <il  Nouva)  h  to  bleiiileil  witli  t!..-.!  ,,( 
IXniuark,  ilial  vse  Ihall  giNe  both  to^;.-tlier  at  ti.t  i^,,. 
;hili.>ii  ot  the  tuceeeJin^^  a.iele. 


c-  li    \  I'.      IV. 


I)     E     N     M     A     R     K. 


I 


01 1( 


\\^:  \ 


^ti 


U. 


I'i .' 


DI'.NM  \R'\  !'ri>ix'r,  ancicntlv  i.illeil  P.inia,  (onlilU 
lit'  lewral  iI1.'.;kI>,  foj^ether  wilh  the  iieninliila  ot 
Iiithin.l.  riKJiigh  imt  aiivcme  ot  tin.le  is  Uiaratelv 
lallcd  bv  the  iiaine  of  I)enmark,  iIk\  retain  111  i;riu  - 
lal  that  apiiellaiioM. 

lutlanil  lies  bef.veen  tlu-  54111  aiul  59111  ilep.  nt  nnith 
l.it.  .uiil  tnun  the  Hth  to  the  45111  (leg.  nt  eall  Ion;;.  i\- 
tending  trom  nurlh  to  loutli  iie.ir  240  milis ;  the  bie,ii,Uli 
in  loine  pari^,  not  Ikiiij.^  above  24  miles,  and  in  oih.rs, 
rompri/.ing  near  1  80  units.  '1  he  (ierinan  Duan  vsalik  . 
it  on  the  northern  or  welK-rn  parts ;  on  the  eall  11  is 
Itoiiiiileil  In  the  C'.itigat'.',  and  \bddle  Kort  Sound,  or 
LetUr  Hell  ;  and  on  the  lliutli  it  is  liivided  tioni 
the  duchies  ot  I  .uneiilmij*  and  Bremen  bv  the  rivtr 
Kibe. 

SK  CTION     I. 

Soil,  Cinnate,  Uc, 

Tl  I  I.  loll  varies  pit.uly  on  the  eontliunt,  and  in 
tlu  illards  whiili  torm  this  kingdom,  bi  the 
Jormer  tiiere  are  good  pathire  ,  but  the  latter  are  too 
landv  to  be  truitlul.  The  nunintains  are  b.-.rivn,  but 
molt  ot  the  plains  exhibit  marks  ot  fertility. 

It  has  bein  oblerved,  as  a  great  natural  deteit  in 
Denmark,  that  the  kiiii;  h.as  nit,  in  all  his  ilonunions, 
one  navicalijc  river  for  vellels  ot  any  conliderable  bur- 
then :  tor  the  I',\tler  i.iniior  be  reckoned  as  lucli  ;  and 
the  I'.ioe  Is  rather  to  ''e  wlUemeil  one  ot  the  conlines 
and  boundaries  ol  Ins  territories,  than  any  ways  be- 
longinti  to  hi'.ii.  Iherc  are  iomc  lakes  here  u Inch  at- 
lord  a  great  i;uar.lity  ot'  lilli.  The  forells  are  abuii- 
dantlv  Itoiked  with  \enilon  of  all  ibrts,  as  llags,  elks, 
and  hares  ;  as  alio  '.viid  lioars.  There  i'.  likewile  great 
plenty  ot  \siltl  towl. 

I'he  .iir  in  Dciiin.iik,  t!ioui;h  very  colil,  is  not  to 
llvirp  as  in  loine  [  i.'.cci  ot  (.ieriii.i!;y  liiualcd  iniuh 
n  'c  to  the  ibuth,  which  may  be  alcribed  to  the  lea 
I'  'Aing  about  it,  tiie  v.ipou:^  ot  which  null  and  dilliiiw 
the  nitrous  particle',  thai  are  carried  bv  ilie  wind  Ii.mu 
the  northern  tounirie',  before  they  arri\e  in  this ;  by 
which  means  the  (harpnels  ot  the  air  is  very  much  alia- 
teil.  The  gentle  breezei,  which  blow  from  the  k;i, 
lontirruie  alTo  to  nuke  the  air  cooler  in  lummer. 
However,  in  Dcn.vark  there  are  but  too  le.iti)ns  of  the 
year,  winter  and  tuminer  ;  the  other  two  more  agreea- 
ble or.'."-,  Ij  ring  and  auiumn,  not  being  ccjiiimonh 
knov/n  ;  tiie  'pring  never,  a:.d  the  auiiimn  leldinn  ;  lo 
that  tiKTc  is  an  iiniiiidiate  tranlition  from  extremity  ot 
heat  t'l  e.\;ie.n!t\  ot  coid  ;  and  ic,  on  ll;e  contrary, 
when  •■.iiiii.r  is  over,  tV/.n  cold  to  heat.  During  the 
lliree  n.oi'.th-  of  jui'c,  July,  and  Auguft,  the  heat  is 
much  more  inteiile  tl.an  in  I  England,  and  very  I'ultry 
in  tl;e  n:<i,'ats  ,  but  it  is  a  gloomy  heat  ;  and  people 
geiuraliy  perceive  ibni,-  iiiteiiKilitioii  ot  thick  vaj-ours 
i)eiv.'ee!i  ihem  and  li.'.-  U::i.  In  Copenh.igi-n,  during 
llielo  ti:ree  months  they  are  conlLintly  troubled  with 
the  plague  ot  the,  whicli  they  endeavour  to  dellrov  by 
a  ivjilonous  water ;  u| ion  the  laying  of  which  in  their 
km  hens  and  chamber?,  w!")lc  bulluls  iil  ck^.j  Hies  are 
loiiKini.cs  I'wept  toijether  in  one  room. 


Thi<iountrv,  in  geneial.  prixluco  bm  little  co.a; 
and  the  \a!l  number  of  barren  mouni.iui'!  are  <  reit  i.l 
cumbranccs  and  blemillies  to  the  whole  kingd,  m.  'I|,.. 
I  .\der  IS  the  onlv  llream  worthy  ot  i!ie  name  ot  a  river 
wiiivli  c;ui  be  liud  properly  to  belong  to  J  K  nmark.  Tin! 
riles  near  Sedge  bouig,  runs  b\  Renihourg,  and  dicri' 
l)o;',ues  itUlt  into  liie  lea  at  1  onminireM,  after  l.avinji 
divided  Slehvic  from  Holliun. 

.\  late  traveller,  Ipeaking  of  tlie  climate,  lin  v,  l.^ 
ap.piehends  the  v ear  is  more  properly  ilivided  le:e  iiiu 
luiiimer  and  winter,  than,  as  with  us,  into  fi.ur  lea- 
Ion-.  A  lliort  lummer  liiceieils  to  il.e  loner  leries  (♦ 
colli  and  darknels,  which  environs  tlum  trom  Oclulvr 
!i|l  .\|)ril  i  and,  dunng  this  [lerKxl,  they  often  e.xi'- 
rieiice  very  great  heats  toi  a  tiwdays,  or  lomefnies 
weeks.  L'ertainlv  man  is  much  alKe''led  l.v  ph>  I'eiil 
eaules ;  and  one  is  not  lurpri/.ed  lo  fnul  tlie  cltga:!i 
arts  ihieliy  coiitiiieil  to  iuMiiious  and  Ibuthern  cli- 
mates, anil  f.untly  raiting  their  he.uls  amidit  iheii; 
liiowv  and  inholpitable  ivijioii',  vshere  the  iiihabiMnU 
teem,  1:1  I'onie  degree,  to  j'ariake  of  the  alperiiies  ol 
their  loll,  and  where  ro\  al  munihcence,  however  un- 
boumlul,  can  only  r.u;.-  a  I'.w  liekly  and  llragglinj' 
plants. 

1  his  .account  is  forcibly  ilhiHrated  bv  I  lie  following 
poetical  deknption,  which  We  iiilert  as  ftrikiLr-Iv 
IMctureliiue.  '1  hele  lines  are  .iddielled  by  Mr.  I'liilins 
to  the  Karl  of  Dorlet,  his  patron. 

l-'rom  fro/en  climes,  and  eiuilel'^  tracks  <;f  Inow, 
I-rom  ibeams  th.it  northir.i  winds  foibid  tothnv, 
\\'hat  preleiit  Ihall  the  iwule  to  Dorlet  brir>'  ' 
Or  how,  lo  near  the  (kjIc,  attempt  to  lingr 
The  hoarv  winter  here  conceals  lioni  light. 
All  pleal;:ig  objects  that  to  \e  le  invite. 
The  hills  .mil  dales  and  the  deiiplittiil  vvood=, 
'I  he  tlow'rv  plains,  anil  diver  llreaining  tljoils, 
li\  liiow  dil^'uils'd,  in  bii^Mit  u):iti:iion  he, 
/\iid  Willi  one  il.i/./.hiig  walie  fatir'nc  the  eve. 
No  gentle  breallniig  b'-ee/e  jiripajes  the  li'.rint' , 
.No  birds  within  the  ileiail  regi-n  ling. 
The  Ihijis,  unmov'd,  the  boiU'rous  winds  iMV, 
\\  hile  raitling  chariots  o'er  the  ocean  liv  : 
'J'lie  valt  leviathian  w.mts  room  to  piav, 
And  liM)ul  his  waters  in  the  lace  of  day  : 
'I  he  liarving  wolves  along  the  main  lea  prow!. 
And,  to  the  moon,  in  icy  vallies  howl. 
1-or  many  a  lhinin;.._  league  the  level  nuiti 
I  Kre  Ijireads  itielt  into  a  gloliy  plain  ; 
There  lolid  billows,  ot  enormous  li/.e, 
Alps  ot  green  ice,  in  wilil  dilbrder  rite. 
And  yet,  hut  laieh,  have  I  leen,  e'en  hen', 
The  winter  in  a  lovelv  drels  appear. 
Kre  yet  the  clouds  let  tall  the  irealu'-'d  liiow, 
Or  winds  beg.iii  thio'  ha/.y  (kies  to  blow, 
At  ev'ning  a  keen  eallern  breeze  aroli. 
And  the  ilelcending  rain  unrullv'd  tio/,e  : 
Soon  as  the  liient  lluiilci  or  night  witfidiew, 
The  luilily  morn  dilclos'il  at  once  to  view 
T  lie  face  of  nature,  in  a  rich  dilguile, 
And  bright'ned  ev'ry  objea  to  niv  eyes : 


^m 


nitioll,     lluililil    ;Uv  ii:-  • 
,    lilt    liullillui,    ,'t    ;.. 

)  blciwli'il  wiiti  t',..'.i  ,,t 
til  tugv'tlicr  M  till,  iv.i- 


Cl'ROPi:.] 


1)  K  N  M  A  R  K. 


621 


rulixis  but  littL'  co.:i ; 
iiu'iiiii.uim  arc  grcit  h.- 
lie  wl.olc  kinnilem.  Tl:;' 
y  lit  tlic  iiiuin.'  ct  a  riwr, 
ulniin  Id  lKnm;uk.  'I'lih 
RciiiIkiui;;,  .iml  dilrili 
ronminyiii,  uti.r  Immg 

>t  tlic  tlim;ur,  lh)N,  k- 
ii>i((.rl\  iii\iilij  I'tn-  into 
<  Willi  IK,  into  four  lia- 
.ils  to  tlif  loiiff  tirii'  lit 
ions  tluin  triMii  (Vlulvr 
licruxi,  ilitv  ottoii  (.xj"'- 
tiw  il.iys,  or  loir.c't  111. . 
uili  ;iiKi'lcil  l,y  j,l|\  I'll} 
l/.iil  to  tiiul  iht  cKg.i::'. 
iiiou'*  ;;:ul  ioulliiiTi  ill- 
I'.cir  lic'iuls  aniii'lt  tlit!'; 
',  wliLTt.-  ilif  iiilial)itanis 
iri.iLc  ot  the  al[icrirics  ti 
luiulucnci.-,  lunvcvcr  un- 
l.w  liikly   aiul   llraggli^!; 


ullratid  liy  llio  Ijllowir.^', 
wc    inlcrt    as   ltrikii.i;'\ 
aiklicl!L-d  by  Mr.  I'luiii.'^ 
r(.in. 

I -I  t'ai  ks  (il  I  now, 
I  wiU'ls  !.)iliid  to  llijw , 
c  to  DoiUt  bnr.'\ ' 
Utoir.jJt  to  liiigf 
i.:lU  tioiu  ligl.r. 
\c  Ic  inviic. 

i-  (iiliplitttll  WO.C.l', 

(I-  llii.umng  li.iotis, 
It  ii):ii',;iion  he, 
X  till   lie  tlie  eye. 

■r^iKins  t!ic  liTinj^ , 

ii,!  Ml  ling. 

lil'riius  wind-  (I'f\-, 

tlic  oecm  (iy  : 

io!!i  I.)  piay, 

l.ii  e  ft   il.iy  : 

!-•  main  lea  pr'A\l, 

•lilies  liowi 
the  level  iiLiih 

iltV  iikiiii  i 

m!lll^  li/.c, 

ilorder  rite. 

I  leeii,  eVn  licri', 

a]ii)ear. 

le  lreali:i-\l  \\vjx, 

fkie^  to  lilo'.v, 

ree/.e  aiule, 

ilullvM  tii'/.e  : 

iiiiilit  ^vittulrew, 

t  once  to  \  lew 

h  (lilJiiile, 

.  tu  niv  t\es : 


For  cv'rv  Ihruh,  anil  ev'ry  bUle  of  Rr.jts 

A.I  I  cv'rv  iKiinlcil  thorn,  Icciu'd  vvroiMJit  in  i^Uls  ; 

Ti  )ie.uls,  and  rubier  ruh,  (he  havtliuiis  llunv, 

Willie  thro'  llie  ice  the  trimli)n  l)erriL^  '^low  ; 

Tiie  ihiik-ri'iu  1 ;  reed,  the  w.u'ry  :ii:i;;lie-i  \ieM, 

Seril  ))olilird  l.iaees  in  a  llolUle  lielJ  : 

The  it.i^,  in  lini|.id  luireat^,  with  liii|iri/.e, 

Sees  elii,  li.ll  br.ui'  ik>  on  his  toiche.l  I  rile  ; 

The  liireidiiig  o.ik,  the  lieeeli,  a  ,  I  to.v'riir^  pine, 

( ila/.M  ov.r,  in  the  t.ee/.iiijj  xilur  ihiiie  : 

T  .e  trighteil  birds  the  ratthn;;  1:  i;u'ie,  lliuii, 

That  wave  a;i.l  ^iiXWr  in  the  iiilL.it  tun. 

W  lu  11,  il  a  hid. leu  ^ull  ot  wiitd  aritv, 

The  brittle  ro;eit  into  atom,  llies  ; 

T!ie  er.ukhii/,  .vood  beneaih  tiie  temivft  bends, 

AikI,  111  a  Ij  ani!,K'l  iluw'r,  the  |irot|-eel  eii.K. 

O',  it  .1  lonihern  t'.ile  the  re|.',ion  vvarin-. 

Ail  i,  by  decrees,  uiibiiwU  tiie  wait'ry  ehamts, 

The  traveller  a  iv.iry  i  iiintry  lees, 

Ar.d  journey's  iid  lieiieath  ilie  droppinj;  tree,  j 

Litve  liiiiie  lieluded  peal'.'.nt  Mtriiii  leaiU 

Tliro'  I'raL'.rant  b.nv'rs,  and  tliio'  d..  lie  ions  meads  j 

\\  i'.iie  here  (.neh.uii.d  gaicleii>  to  h  ill  ri'.e, 

And  .'.iry  tabriiks  there  aiiia.;i  his  lyes  : 

111-  wand'nnj;  t'et  t!ie  ma'.',ie  pailo  |  urine, 

A  ,d  while  he  tiiiaks  the  l.iir  illuluni  U'.ie, 

The  tlUeklefs  ll'-iies  dil|KTli'  in  lliild  .lir. 

And  vvikkIs  and  wilds,  and  thorny  ways  a]  pear: 

A  tedious  road  tiie  weary  vs retell  reiuins. 

And,  a^  he  gi'ei,  the  tranllent  vilion  mourns. 

si:cTiv)\    11. 

Bh'ftoHS,  Subilivi/tci:s,  Citits,  an  J  Towns  of  Denmark. 

TIIE  grand  tlivili.i;is  of  Dcnm.irk  are  the  tmir 
tnlnvii:;.  jiiilaiid,  j)roj<:rly  lo  called,  or  North 
Jui.and.  Tiic  duchy  of  Slelwic,  or  S.iuih  Jutland. 
The  duchv  of  [l.iilein,  and  tiie  D.milli  dland-.  We 
fliill  deliiibe  them  in  that  urdci. 

Ju TLASi)  l"o  cali<d,  (ir  Norili  Jutland,  is  bounded 
on  the  fouth  b\  ilie  duchy  ol  Sletwic,  on  the  north 
and  well  by  the  Cjjriiian  Ocean,  and  towards  tlie  call 
by  the  .'iailic,  the  CatteL;.iIe,  and  the  Leller  Belt. 
1  his  country  n  tlivided  into  tour  dioceles,  viz. 
Ripen  to  the  louth,  Arhufen  to  the  e.itl,  \Vi!bur;j;  to 
the  well,  ami  Aalbur;;  to  (he  north. 

The  diocei'e  of  Ri,  en  is  bounded  on  the  ioutli  by 
tliedutiiyot  Slelwic,  on  liie  north  by  the  dioceles  ot 
Aiduilen  and  \\  ibuiji;,  and  extends  call  and  w\ll  tiom 
the  H.illic  to  tiie  <  iennaa  Oee.m.  it  cont.iins  _;o  pre- 
fec'lorlliips,  or  bahivvick-,  lii  |,arillies,  10  roy.d  pa- 
laces, ICO  noblemeni  le.u  ,  and  levcn  cities,  which  arc 
as  follows : 

Ripen,  or  Rypen,  in  Lain  Rip'.,  is  ieated  on  the 
river  .\iplaw,  which,  betoie  it  conu .  to  this  city,  di- 
vide-, iilelf  into  three  branches,  ihe  lai^,ell  of  wl-.'ch 
runs  on  the  luTtli  tide  ol  (he  town;  the  middle  luai.ch, 
whiih  is  the  i;n.'.liell,  ruiis  on  the  i'oiith  ot'it  ;  th.e  third 
»l!o  on  the  fouth,  but  at  Ibine  dillance  :  tli.y  join 
Uj^aiii  a  little  fiwer,  and  fall  ii.iio  the  <  ierni.'.n  Ocun, 
three  miles  iKhiw,  torinint;  a  comiiKxlioiM  harbour. 
This  city  is  26  luile.i  ilidant  from  Tonde.on,  towards 
the  north,  ani!  ::.|.  from  Ci  iding  to  the  uorth-well.  It 
i,  a  place  of  confulei.ibie  trade  :  the  neighbouring  paf- 
tinvs  and  fields  produces  almndance  it  cattle  aiul  corn. 
Muher  are  tlrove  almoll  all  the  bL'.civ  cattle  from  many 
parts  of  Jutlaml,  which  are  hc'-  ihipivd  oli'tor  toreijj,ii 
countries,  efpecially  tor  i  lolheui  ,  and  their  corn  they 
export  into  the  neij^hbourin',  couiiiries.  Tliele  articles 
jftoid  them  Very  great  jv.oiit.  But  the  city  is  otten 
expofed  to  imminent  d;iii;j,ers  trom  the  tide:>  llowing  in 
with  r.nKiigious  vioienee  from  'he  lea,  lo  that  the  vv;'- 
ter  f  netimcs  come-  into  the  very  church-yard  ot  the 
cathcci.'al,  which  '.lanils  on  a  hill  ;  anil  e\en  ilunn;^  the 
terrible  inunda'ion  ihat  alihcted  Jutland  in  the  year 
•734.  '!''■  'v;uer  rofe  an  ell  hij!,h  in  the  very  cathedral. 
No   57. 


or 


This  town  i^  rtrond  by  nature  onlv,  without  nuu  li 
ad.llance  from  art.  lowards  the  will  there  is  n  calllc 
ikinkeil  with  lour  bulwarks,  alter  tiie  old  falhi on,  Kuilt 
in  t'le  year  1 150.  The  iiti/.ens  lioull,  are  |  rdiy  wvll 
built,  and  tin  iiili,>bii.ini  >  were  lormerly  in  ii,  tier  iir- 
lumll  lilies  than  liny  are  now  ,  but  the)  lulf.red  vt.y 
much  diiiiiig  the  war^i  with  .Sweden,  the  iity  \tv\:m 
l.ikili  by  the  Swidc'  in  1645,  but  foon  after  recovereij 
iiy  the  |)aiiei..  B.loie  th'  reloiiiiation  this  wai  a  bi- 
lliMp'>  lee,  as  it  IS  now  ol  a  lu|Hrinieiulant  or  Luthe- 
ran bnhop.  The  lathcdral  is  a  nojije  pile,  built  with 
live-lloiie,  .IS  Well  a-,  its  lleeple,  which  i%  lipiare,  Veiv 
lii^'ji,  and  covered  with  lead.  I'l'i-.  cliurJi  i^  adornal 
wiihin  with  levei.d  m.irble  columns  and  with  the  tomis 
III  loiiie  k^l^•^.  Tiieie  IS  another  church  dedicalnl  to 
Si.  Catherine.  I  li  re  are  alio  two  puMii  li..l,ools  fir  tlic 
education  of  yoiiih  in  polite  liieiature,  .iiid  a  colhge 
loi  divinity,  in  the  loiirt  ot  tin-  billi  .p's  jalace,  where 
there  i^  alio  a  public  library.  The  city  is  gov.Tned  by 
two  burgom.llle^^,  or  coiiUils,  and  by  a  feiiate,  who 
lormerl)  .ulminiiUred  julli.e  with  It)  much  leveritv, 
th.it  the  jujlui  cf  liifcn  was  become  a  proverbial  fayiiij^, 
to  exjirels  a  rigoious  execution  of  the  law. 

C'olding,  or  KoldiiiL",  an  old  city  mentioned  by 
i'l.ilemv.  Hands  <iii  the  banks  ot  a  Jitile  river  called 
toldiii^.r  A. I,  whuh  parts  iiorih  Jutland  from  the  du- 
chy ot  Slelwic,  an.l  lall.  into  a  little  giilph,  thence 
named  the  (iulnh  of  C'olding.  The  city  is  about  it 
miles  dillaiit  from  il.iderkben  to  the  north.  It  was 
burnt  down  during  die  ciiil  wars  in  1:47.  In  i26!>, 
kiiii;  I'.ric  VI.  redeemed  it  out  of  the  hands  of  p'ric, 
iluke  ot  Slelwic,  and  Ion  to  king  ,ibel.  He  built  a 
cil.ulel  there,  '  )  be  a  bulwark  to  Denmark,  and  lorti- 
lied  the  town,  eljieciallv  loward^  the  louth.  Chnl'tian 
111.  who  liked  the  ciij  verv  iiuiili,  on  atcount  of  its 
agreeable  lituaiion,  and  wholelome  air,  built  the  callla 
ot  Arnlhurg,  above  the  city,  removed  thitiicr  with 
his  court,  and  died  there  January  the  ill,  1559.  The 
holpilal  was  built  by  I  rederick  II.  whole  fon  endoweil 
it  conii  lerahly.  In  May,  i644>  tl"-'  Danes  gained  a 
conliderable  viciory  over  the  Swedes  near  C'olding.  Tiiis 
town  i.,  but  Imall,  lince  it  does  not  contain  aiiove  ico 
or  «2oh(ule^;  but  what  m.ikes  it  cln.lly  conliderable 
is  iu  bridge  over  the  Aa,  which  is  called  Boherrit,  a.".(l 
gives  name  to  the  whole  country  about  it.  All  the 
black  cattle  and  horles  that  come  from  Jutland,  and 
go  into  Slelwic,  mull  pals  over  this  budge,  and  ].';'.y 
e.icli  a  crown  lor  toll ;  whence  arifes  a  conliderable  jjart 
ot  the  king  it  Denmark's  revenue.  Thoutdi  thi^  to'.v;i 
lies  commodious  tor  trade  on  the  l.eller  Belt,  over 
ag.iiiill  Middlefort  in  funen,  yet  thev  ha\v-  hardly  any 
tr.ide  but  in  cattle.  They  have  goo.!  filh,  aiivl  the" 
river  Aa  piiKiuces  excellent  ceK. 

!■  rederick's  CXle,  in  Latin  frederici  Oda,  flands  on 
the  banks  ot  the  Leller  Belt,  10  miles  trom  C'olding  to 
the  north-call,  and  about  27  from  Ri[)en  towards  the 
call.  It  w.is  built  b;.  king  Irederick  111.  of  Denmark, 
and  !■.  well  Ieated  on  a  iioint  of  Ian. I.  witii  an  ealy 
delcent  to  the  leaward  :  it  has  been  well  to. titled,  being 
a  p.afs  over  the  Leller  Belt,  or  Middletort  Sound.  The 
works  are  very  higii  on  the  land  lide ;  anil  on  the  other 
lide  of  the  point  there  are  eight  ballions  :  it  has  four 
i;ates,  and  before  i.uli  a  ravelin,  but  ruinous.  I'o- 
wartls  the  lea  the  loriiticatioiis  are  lower,  and  of  a 
greater  extent  ;  where  there  are  ballions,  platfornv. , 
anil  ibme  batteries  on  the  llioie.  Thole  fortitication^ 
eiiclole  :'  great  'eal  ot  ground,  but  the  lifih  part  of  it 
i>  not  i. .habited,  lor  there  are  many  corn-fields  and 
orchards  within  liie  wails.  This  place  was  formerlv  a 
refuge  for  bankrupts  anil  Jews;  but  king  Frederick 
1\  .  recalled  liiofe  privileges.  Here  are  two  churches, 
one  Danilh,  and  another  (jerman,  but  they  have  no 
lleeples.  In  lOjS  this  town  was  taken  bv  Ci-arles 
(lullavus's  troops  commanded  by  Wrangel  ;  the  g;ur- 
riton,  conlilling  ot  ;ooo  men,  were  all  killed  or  taken. 
This  ojiened  a  way  lo  the  king  ot  Sweden  to  under- 
take Ills  expedition  over  the  ice  from  this  place  to  Fu- 
7  S  nen. 


% 


622 


A  \r.\v  AND  Arrm.NTic  systf.m  or  univf.rsal  geography. 


i  >l 


neii,  wh-ro   iIk-   ji.uiligo  over  tlic   li.lt    i^  .ilv.ivc   thn-L- 

Wcillc,  or  Wool,  I-.  lix  luilcs  dilbiiU  tVi.ii  I'lcJi'.-iik'^ 
Odo,  to  tho  iiorih--\i.i',  ;iml  aboiii  12  Iroiii  CcKlini!,  to 
the  north.  It  lumis  0:1  a  liitlc  livi-r,  wliicli  titlr.  into 
a grcit  b.vy  tliiU  cviniiiuiaic.Ucs  with  iho  l.itil'r  Belt,  ami 
makes  a  ;^ooi.i  h.ir'.our.  The  city  is  neat,  and  well- 
built,  but  not  lai'^^'.  About  22  niiL-.  t')  ll.e  north- 
well  llmJs  Warde,  on  a  river  tliat  tail-,  into  tlie  Gei- 
nian  ocean,  10  iiiile.^  Itelow  the  tokvn,  wlacli  is  conve- 
niently litualed  tor  |i.!i!e. 

Ringcoi  in,  or  Ringkiubing,  is  45  miles  tVoni  Ripi  n, 
and  24  t'uun  \\'ai\'i,  I  )  the  i-ortli.  It  lies  on  a  bay  et 
tlie  German  Ocear.,  made  l.\-  a  neck  ot  land  25  mi!e-> 
in  Iciigth  t'rom  north  to  louil',  I'o  that  lhi['S  ride  \\\  ;l.e 
jx)rt  late  tiom  ail  wind-. 

Lenv.ick  ll.indi  oi  the  gul]-h  ot'  Lindonl  itroin 
whence  it  ha.-,  its  n.imr)  on  lln.  niirili-weil.  bu.-der'.  ol 
t!;is  dioceie,  10  ir.iio  irom  the  (ieir.;:;n  ocean  to  the 
cart,  50  from  Rijx:,,  .ind  Si  t:\<\n  Ringcoj  ir.j,,  to  the 
nortli. 

Holllebrow,  or  Hodilibrow,  Hand,  about  1 1  mile- 
from  Lcn.vick  to  tl\e  l.,iiih-e.ill,  and  i  2  irom  Rinu-c.i;;- 
ing  to  the  nortli-e.i;'.  li  i-  ai\  inLiiid  i.u\ii.  but  lies  on 
a  river  which  C'<nit-..un:cateb  with  tiic  (ierman  Ocean  b) 
a  lake,  in;o  which  the  river  i.ilis. 

The  dioceie  of  Arhuiln  is  the  eallern  part  ot  Jut- 
land, having  on  liie  n.'-.th  the  diocde--  ol  W  il-.uri;  aiid 
Aalburg,  on  the  we;:  a.id  luuth  tluit  of  Ri[)en,  and  on 
the  eii'l  the  Caier.ate  ard  LellLr  IJelt.  it  e\tends 
about  60  miles  a!o;',<j,  the  e  laiL  of  ihe  !5:i',iic,  but  is 
not  much  above  ;,o  n.iles  in  bre.ulih  a:  ili-j  uideii  ■,  art. 
It  cantair.>  ji  puf  cb.rlhios,  ur  b,lilu',Kk^,  504  ju- 
rilhes,  live  calll--s  or  tort^,  .uid  eiL^iit  die-,  or  walled 
to-.vns,  \i/.. 

Arhulen,  the  caj  iial  ot  tlie  dioceie,  Hands  at  tlie 
mouth  of  the  river  tiude,  'vhich  runs  thiouii,h  it,  and  a 
little  lower  talii  into  the  Catcgate.  It  i-.  S6  miles  to 
the  Dorthw.i.rd  of  Slefwic,  ainl  42  noriii-ealt  of  Ri]  c.i. 
The  lituaiion  is  ]  Lalimt,  being  luirouiuled  with  to- 
r.l!-.  lull  of  game,  failures  that  are  exceeding  rii.li  tor 
tlie  count.-v,  and  ::.-k's  which  jT'-duce  a  conliderable 
(juanlilv  ot  grain.  The  touTi  itlelt  is  neat,  ard  agiee- 
abic,  Weil  furnilhed  wiih  pruvilions  and  tlomelhc  ne- 
ctliaries  from  the  ne;j.'hbuuriiig  count;),  and  wiih 
ot!-.er  v.om;noditie^  .and  lu.xuiii.'.  troni  vark>u.  countries, 
by  the  means  ef  Ihi.iping.  Tiic  harbour  is  toleiable, 
and  the  caihedul  chu.cli  ereded  alter  a  curr.u.  llile 
lyf  arihiteciure,  b;:tuiilleU  aiid  enibelhlhetl  uith  vari- 
ous monvniienis  ot  noijiemen,  [)re!.ues,  &c.  Tiie 
bilhop's  |.ala>c  was  once  a  in.igiiiliceiit  llmcfnre,  but 
it  n<.)w  i.ilL-n  10  dui;,.  Tiie  my  was  made  an  cpil- 
ci'pal  kv  in  i!].  'ear  I014,  and  i-.  now  ihc  lee  ol  a  lu- 
periniendant. 

S.aiuiirbur^: 
Witt,  ij  a  govi 
Guoe. 

IlorftTi',  12  n  ili.sdniani  troiu  Ari  ul.n  to  tic  I'luih- 
will,  i' a  fn...ll  lily  or  lowh  liluaud":i  a  htlle  gulph, 
whii'i  l'i«i-  11  inlUad  ol  .1  i.arlioui,  .;:id  lalls  inii)  ilie 
Baltic. 

RaiKkr-  is  a  -.eiy  mw  u  in  t  ii;.. 
(mde,  wi'.ih  .ibi'Ul  1  2  mik  ^  !'■>. 
III.,  a.id  I'.i.s  a;fio!>.  i!:'  pl.ue  a 
Jiavi..  •:  01.  il  i>  .1  I'l.UL  111  gi\ 
fwr  t;.e  b^l't  Uinww  111  JLiilaiid.  I 
produti.  'I'ieiitv  ot  ( urii. 

l-^!)ei;b't  i'  i--.iied.il  I'.i  1 'i|i',.iii  of  a  b:;\  of  the  Cate- 
gate,  .i!'   ill   I'S  mile-.  tVom  .\iiiille  1  to  (he  iiii.lh-well. 

(i.-iiiu  liaii  !>  .le  !.•  ii,,' j  oi.ii  or  Cape  ot  .1  p.  .'linlula, 
which  jilts  o;;!  iiio  iheCaie^atc,  and  is  leu-n  mile, 
diilanl  tiuin  I'.ik.i.  ■;  to  the  iiorili.  li  is  ileteiided  b)  a 
iulile. 

.Maii..;.,.r  ll.ind-.  on  llie  loalh-lule  ot  a  l.ir..;e  b  ly 
i.f  the  C'ategate,  l()  in.!,  s  diil.iiit  tioiii  Arhulen  10  the 
rioitli. 

Hobro,  or  11 -'to,  i,  .1  1111,1,1  lown  un  the  lame  bav, 
fi.\  iiiiic'  abo\  .■  .Maiii;'.:  t'>  li'c  well. 


rixiiii'e-   ti,'Ui  Aifuliii   lo  the  louth- 
inlie:.,   iK.ii    llie    l|  ri:/.'.  ol   Ihe    n\el 


111  I. .ill  .1  on  I  he  liver 
,  I  ilK  inio  the  B.il- 
;  ■iid  cijnveiiiiiic;  tor 
1  ir.ide,  and  taiiious 
.•  neighlv.,u;iiig  lieKls 


'i'i;,- ilioecl'e  I  I  W'ibuig  !i:is  that  of  .\ail,uig  on  il-.t 
north,  troiu  ufivli  it  is  pintly  ti-jar.iud  by  ih.e  gul|ih 
■t  I  .iirlvirii,  Xiiiuien  on  ilie  i-.i(l,  ami  Ri|  in  o;i  iju: 
loiiili  and  well,  it  is  not  abo\e  24  miles  trom  I'ouii, 
lo  nonii,  and  261101110:111  lowill,  being  almoll  ol  :, 
round  ii;;iiiv.  Thourdi  it  is  an  inland  lOuiUr; ,  yet  u 
.Minis  not  the  coiiveniency  of  niuig.ilion  ;  for  liere  .ue 
laig.- lakes,  ih..i  Iraiuli  out  into  kvenilia'ts  of  thii 
l.ird.  ai.,1  fu  11!  wlieii'.e,  liv  means  of  ih.c  Limfoid,  iiiio 
v.hiiii  till}  inn,  ai.d  whicii  coinv.iniic.ites  with  the 
HiliicSia,  tl  ly  iTieivc  vellils  (if  j;nal  biirlhcn.  A- 
nung  tliile  lake-,  iliere  i--  one  nanieii  (.)tl;cli:iule,  ti\:n 
Tie  ini;  lU.r  t^tli,),  liirnaii,i>l  ihe  (iivar,  wiio,  about  tie 
M.-.r  1)4^.  made  .ui  inroad  this  uav,  |ei!ttnted  even  ai. 
In  .is  tills  eoui'itv,  ai-.-l,  calling  hi;  javelin  info  tie 
vMitir,  g.ive  il  I'le  name  11  llill  reiains  The  Ijeil  huri> , 
in  |)e;..:.aik  au  i,ridui  lluit  pari  ol  [he  diucefe  iuiikJ 
."^.'.iinig.  Ill  ilii,  terriiory  are  cciijirehenikd  16  piv. 
iiCvoMhip:-,  or  bi'ilr.ii.ks,  218  i^arilhes  and  three  c.ir- 
nioii  .      li.c  m-ll  coi.liilerable  towi.s  arc 

\\  ,lin;[i,  ulnili  llands  i-i  |!'.e  in'ddi?  of  N'.jrili  Jul- 
'ai.d,  ol  \>l'!ili  It  is  ilie  cai  ,la!  ci!'-. 

il  ;■  a  pla.e  ot  -real  nr  .-|,  1  uiii^  ;l;c  leat  of  a  \a^U 
oliil  ol  liu:u.il^.'e.  uliiii;  lec,  iVes  the  aj)]vals  tioiii 
i.t'.  nor  court -,  bui  none  i  an  be  made  fiom  it,  e.\c;- 1 
10  ihe  kiii^'.  ' 

\\  ilnng  has  been  the  fc.i  of  a  iiiih.op  for  above  6co 
M-ars ;  liui  the  e.xact  time  cannot  be  ti.\ed  ;  for  it  i^  1 
ii..'.tier  lliil  dll",.ut.-d  \\lietlicr  th.is  or  Aalburg  Ik-  th.e  niwll 
inci.r.l.  Tlie  bilhop  and  chapter  .lill'^fiibilll.  h 
Itan,',  near  a  braneh  ot  t  le  gul)  li  of  l,imiord,  ^-.I'd  ,1 
\irkui!id,  and  u:is  ancieiiilv  called  L'iiiimerllnirj,  .1, 
bun.,  i!.c  iliiit  lit}  >,i'  the  t  imbri  ;  but  wlieme  it  lia.l 
it-  I  relent  iiii.'ue  is  n"t  certain. 

-Siiieve,  or  Sel.iriinns,  which  Hands  on  the  f:-,ie 
gulpli,  is  lliuaied  12  iiiiles  from  Wiinng  to  :'"•  :,oitli. 

\Slli. 

The  peniinul.i  ot  S.illing,  furrniiKkil  on  .all  lides  hy 
th,' lame  gulj ill,  except  I,.\\.irds  llie  louth,  is  tlu  moll 
n.ite.l  j'll.e  11  !).■■!  iia.k  fir  line  h  );-fes,  which 
[lotted  b\  toi'eiji,.iers 

N\br,  in  i.al 111  .Vibe,  on  the  lame  gull  h,  iSini^s 
1,(  n:  \\  liiuig  lo  i;,e  liwrtf -i  ill,  is  .ill,.  noiJd  t.ir  a  •■■)■  1 
b.v.il  ot  hoiiis. 

The  dioceie  ot  Aalburg  i,  'lie  nioil  northern  pa.t  ■; 
liiliand,  and  furrcunde,.!  In  th.-  lea  on  ail  larts,  ,  ,- 
cj|  !  <,ii  the  i.'uih,  v\her.-  it  isdivided  from  W'llnir.;  aii  f 
Ri;  en  by  the  iHilph  i  iljcil  I  .iiiil.  r,l,  uhieh  run-~'l!,,:.i 
ill.  Ifliiic  .Sia  above  50  miks  .nio's  ll.e  countrv,  ;,.■.] 
e,  lluii  out  ol  the  (ieriiun  Ocean  by  a  narro'vv  ilfkniu  , 
or  n.ck  ot  l.iiid,  ir..ule  liy  the  fmd-hilis  on  t".e  well 
llior,  of  juil  ,iul,  ovir-g.inill  a  great  ll.cal  c,-.!led  [n:. 
elie-Rill'.  I'iiis  dioceie  is  about  7,3  miles  !o  "t-^  |},>,n 
hie  loiiih-iMl'i  to  the  uiiennoil  pi'int  of  Sehager-i<.:tf, 
in  ilie  norili-^all;  bni  .is  it  is  ot  a  irianguku  torn:,  ii 
brea,  1th  is  iidi  eijual  e\ery  wiiere,  b-,-ing  but  about  40 
miles  where  bro.idiil.  'ilie  norlh  part  of  this 'hoeel., 
wliiih  is  cut  olf  In  tlie  gulph,  ^tor  the  ii;_\  .  ;  Aalbur- 
lies  (in  the  fuuili-ii'e  ot  ii,)  is  called  W'en'fulal,  andlv" 
i.aiin  authors  V'andaiia,  whence  liiiiie  ajiprelieiul  it  was 
the  le;u  ot  I  lie  \  .\ndi\\<.  'I'lie  inliabiiants  iire  the  laiidi- 
eil  ot  the  km:.;  ol  i)enm:uk's  liibjects.  'I'he  ri'n,.tr\ 
is  tiuillnl,  aiid  prelly  well  eniiched  In  ir.ule.  li 
is  ilividcd  i:uo  ij  b.iihwicks,  ul.icli  contain  177  pi- 
rillies,   100  calUes,  ami  ihe  tollowini;  cities  ;.nd  l^nvii-. 

■  X.illuirj,,  to  ca'led  from  the  gieat  quaniity  of  i^l; 
lak.ii  in  Ilie  gii  pli  of  I  ,iiii',ii\l,  llurlson  ihefi>u[iilh  :v 
ol  it,  about  lix  miics  f, mi  the  Citcjaie  to  the  vd!.  It 
islhel.i'ot  a  billii  p,  KjuivIi'!  about  the  veir  \z('?: 
but  ihe  l)ilho|)s  leiiOed  aiici.nih  .it  liiirpi.e.v,  wl;. -.>  • 
the  iliocclo  was  then  called  'he  dioeeli-  ot  lUirjlav,  ;  bui 
liiice  the  rctormatioii,  the  laiiluiati  liilinip^'liave  h.ul 
tiii-:r  jialace  ,it  .•V.ilbun',. 

"Venfuliil,  or  Hurglaw,  ftand-  on  the  river  R)a.i, 
whiih,  14  miles  lowir,  t.ills  iiu  )  ihe  gulph  o\  I.Jmfonk 
Irom  winch  this  eiiy  is  as  maiiv  miles  dillant  t.i  t';- 
north,  il  was  torimrlv  ihc  lee  of  .1  bilhop,  wliiih  ha 
been  removed  to  .Aalburg. 

Shvr.i 


aie 


lAPHY. 

ili:it  ot'  A.iil'Uip,  on  I'lt 
\  li|  :ir,Ut'.l  liy  tlic  gul|;ii 

iM(l,  ;uiil  Rii  en  ii;i  ilu: 
ow  1 ).  mill's  li'om  luuii, 

Will,  lioinj;,  .iliuoll  ol  :i 
aw  inland  tountrv ,  yi't  u 
ii:uii;.iliiiii  ;    tor  ina'  .ik- 

into  tcvoral  ]  aits  of  thii 
cms  111  the  Linitoui,  i;.u) 

con-iv.iinicales  with  th.c 
N  (^i  ;t:  at  luirlhcn.  A- 
■  nauitii  «.)t!a-luiulo,  ti,'m 
ih.i:  (iivaf,  who,  about  il  c 
!■.  \\:\\,  |:i'i!!.tnti.d  even  a., 
llir.g  in-;  jawlin  into  t!c 
11  iviain<.  Th.L'  bcil  hu:i> , 
.-art  ot  tlio  liiocdl-  nznuA 
V  co.-.ipri'licniLil  i6  [,!•- 
i  I'arilhcs  and  i'mcc  ^,;r. 
Ic  tiuvi.s  arc 

l''.c  iiiMule  ot  Norih  Jut- 
a!  citv. 

,  li-r-.i;  the  ilat  of  a  l.i^li 
i>. .  iv,-.  (lie  ajipcth  tu'iii 

i'l'  r...K;i.'  tioni   it,  exec;  t 


H, 


it'  a  l':>  ^n•)  f.ir  above 
•'.not  he  lixed  ;  lor  it 
th.!'.  or  Aalluirg  he  ih.ei 

rhapter    ilill    lliliiill. 

S^iill  11  dl'  l.iintord,  e, 
X  lalled  Cuniiurllnirg 

iiiibri  ;  b-at  wlieiicc  it 

!1. 

.shicli  I'ands  on  the 
roni  Wihurii  to  :'"■  ji 


6  CO 


V.oll 


uij 


ith- 


lurr.nindeil  on  all  fiJes  by 
llrd^  ilie  loutli,  is  ilu  iiioi; 
line  h  );l"e-;,  '.vhi-'li  a.e  e:.- 

the  lame  gult  h,    1 8  iniiiS 
ill.  Is  alio  noiul  tor  a  ;j,  '".1 

tlu-  miiil  northern  i\-i;t  -i 

ih''   lea  on  ail  '.lart-;,  w  .- 

dividei!  troui  Wilnn-',  aut 

ai:il<  i.l,  whieh  run-  lio;:) 

s  at  II'-,  the  coui'.tr\ ,  aa.l 

^c-.'.'.n  in  a  narnuv  i!'!,niu  , 

le   I  u-.d-hiiis   on    t'.e  \\l!i 

a  great  Ileal  called  Ju:- 

lont   70  niik";  !o  'j-;,  iro'ii 

1  point  of  S^!iau,er-R:tt", 
is  i)t  a  irian;:iii.u  torn;,  1. 

re,  being  but  aliout  40 
niirih  I'art  of  this  duieeU, 
1,  ^tor  the  ei;_\  .  !  Aalbiir^ 
is  eaileil  Weiiluiit,  and  I  \ 
nee  lo;iie  H|.[nvhend  it  ^^.^ 
e  iiih.'.biiants  are  the  l.iuii- 
's   Uibjects.      The   Ci>u..ns 

eiuiehed  by  trade.  h 
S  wt.ieh  contain  f;7  p;;- 
lilouinr,  cities  ;.ntl  t'wn-. 
the  gieat  ijuantiiy  ot'  ii.!'. 
\\,  <1  iiids  on  (he  louiii  Ih  :f 
;.•  (./Ucjaie  to  the  Vtl!.     \i 

'.  about  the  \e:ir  icf.' ; 
civ  iitb  at  Rurf'liw,  wlu'u  • 
he  diocele  ot  lUu^daw  ;  bul 
aitheraii  bilboii,  have  had 

Uanch-  on  tlie  ri\ei-  Rya.i, 

int )  the  i;iii|)h  ol'  l.anitord, 

m.i'n  miles  ihllaiil  t)  tl;- 

:<:  ol  a  liilho]),  vvhicli  has 

Shv'.i 


ELI  ROPE.] 


I)  K  N  M  A  R  K. 


Schageii,  Scagen,  or  Skau,  as  it.o  iniiubitants  call  it, 
is  leated  on  tiie  promoiMory,  or  ca|)e,  which  it  gives 
name  to;  and  is  the  moll  northern  land  ot  jutiantl,  be- 
twixt the  Norwet^ian  lea  and  the  Cate<.',ate,  or  Schager- 
Rack. 

Tlie  town  is  more  tieiiucnted  b\'  merchant-  troni  all 
parts  oi  I'.urojie  than  any  t)iher  town  in  jiiilaud,  be- 
caiile  tluv  toui-h  here  in  their  way  to  the  Sound,  lis 
trade  would  be  I  a'  j^i-ater  llill,  were  it  I'.ot  to,'  the  d.ni- 
gerous  coall  il  li.s  on. 

Ni-.iupiiiR  liiuau.d  in  tlie  llle  of  Mors,  made  by  the 
gulj  il  ot  Liinfoi.i,  is  a  eoiiliderable  town. 

Tylled  ihiiid  >>n  tlie  fouth-well  |)arl  of  thi-.  diocele 
near  .•^o  miles  In.m  Aalburg  to  ihe  well,  in  the  mi''dlc 
of  the  illhmu.  m.ule  by  the  Cierman  Ocean  and  ijuh-,;  ol 
L.-iuoiil,  which  i^  ihe  moll  iriiiiiul  plr.ce  ol  this  thlb'icl. 
This  to.vn  is  noted  tor  a  kuid  ot  imiverlity,  wiiicii 
was  firi".  a  fiee-lclio-il  onh',  l-juiukd  by  Ciriiiii.in  the 


623 


Seelu  i.  a  I'mall  :"-:i;>ort  town  on  li.e  I'.a'.lern  Ibore,  15 
miles iliilant  from  Ssh:'.gen,  towa:  1-.  th.-  loiiiji-wed. 

The  I^uehy  of  .Si.eswick,  or  Soin  11  jutlano,  i> 
as  .meieni  dei-endai.ee  on  the  kin^;  i'-iii  ol  Deiimuk; 
for  in  the  jear  1  1  2i,  kinji,  Nicholas  the  hirll  gave  it  to 
his  nephew  Ca'.ute,  the  Ion  ol  Hra.  Denmark  \'.a-. 
r.tierwards  dejirucd  ol  11 ;  bui  in  the  v-'.u  1459,  Ciuii- 
ti.ai  thel-'iill  re-uniie.'  'I  lo  tluit  kinj^.lom.  It  i;  about 
86  milcj  111  ler,:.;,'h,  and  60  in  iiivadiii,  b.  ing  boun.led 
b\  lull.mu  on  h,  north,  by  ti.e  B.iitie  on  the  eail,  l>y 
t'le  ilui  i'.\  of  Ih/liiein  on  tlie  louth,  and  by  the  Ger- 
ii, an  (Jce.ui  on  the  weih 

It  is  ivaured  by  li.v^r.il  llreain;,  which  render  it  c.\- 
leedi:!;;  Iruiitul  in  moll  p.irts,  and  in  f.^eneral  abounds 
in  niwuiows  a;-.d  [  ..uures.  The  eatlvrn  [larts  lie  con- 
liJerably  higher  tiian  the  weftcrn,  and  in  the  latter  there 
arc  lar^e  ])lains,  which  pixxluce  a  great  plenty  ot  all 
forts  ot  corn.  Tlie  nobility  here  are  rich,  and  the  coin- 
ni  >n  jicoiile  enjoy  a  great  Ih.ue  ot  intlependence.  Tiiis 
duiiiv  h  divit-ied  into  lour  ciri.les,  viz,  (ioitorp,  Ton- 
ih  '  1,  rienlbuij,,  ami  Hadcrlleben.  Thf  pnncij-al 
citie.  ■.'.m\  lo-.vn-.  aie  the  toliowin-f. 

S..  f.Mc,  tne  lapiiul  ot  ine  whole  duchy,  is  liluated 
on  a  Uiiail  arm  of  ti.e  lea,  called  the  Sley,  at  the  dillance 
of  .ibuut  38  miles  from  (Jlucklladt  to  the  north  call, 
and  2>  from  Laniden  to  the  call.  Cluillianity  was 
cllablilhevl  here  in  the  ninth  century,  and  the  great 
church  I  .iiiided  by  Kric  li.irn,  "\  conjunction  wiih 
St.  Anlehar,  billiop  ol  Ila.iiburg;  and  in  the  yeai- 
930,  kin;>,  Herokl  liluand  ereeud  an  epilcopal  tee. 
Atterwaiiis  the  ScLiv,.ia.ins  luv.uled  thele  parts  in  the 
vcar  I  z'lj,  de'lroyed  ihe  eliLireii,  and  relloivd  the  pa- 
gan lupeilHlions ;  jiut  looii  alter  tiiele  loreigiieis  were 
e.\pel!e.l,  Chrilli.iiiit\'  w.is  relloivd,  and  the  cathednal 
rebuilt.  In  the  ne.\t  century  it  becair.c  a  place  ol  great 
trade,  and  much  tiei,uei:ieil  by  merchants  troni  Ciieat 
Ri'itain,  Iraiue,  Spam,  1-l.inders,  Jvc.  The  toil,  el|)e- 
cialK  lowaids  the  lo-ath  and  call,  is  not  '  ay  truiilul; 
bul  the  town  is  fuiinieiitly  tupi)lied  with  all  necelianes 
of  lite  tu>m  the  neighbouring  coiinlr\,  and  the  Sley 
•itiijids  abuiidanie  ol  lilh.  They  brew  beer  here,  whicli 
i^  nol  very  palatable;  but  they  import  tiime  Iroiii 
abroad,  as  well  as  wine,  wliieh  is  pretty  cheap. 
.'\mong  liie  puliiic  bui;  'in;!s  is  a  tlucal  palace,  which 
llle)  Itu.w  10  lllMll^.;,ev^ :  it  does  not  contain  much  that 
i>  wo;lln'  of  notice,  e.\cepi  a  library,  which  contains 
a  few  a^icieiit  maiiUleri|as,  and  a  caliinet  ot  inrilies  in 
natural  liillory,  whii  h  has  a  tew  things  that  are  really 
curious.  In  the  giohns  are  tome  w.iier-works,  and 
many  walks  in  tin.-  old  l.nle,  whiiii  the  poor  jieople  it 
this  lountry  think  gn.U  exeitions  ot  magniliceuce. 
The  pii.'icip.il  chuteh  is  ancient,  and  a  \ery  large  ta- 
bric;  it  coiiiaiiis  mair,  moniimenls  ol  the  ducal  tami- 
lies,  -liut  none  that  will  \ield  much  i  ii'.ertainment  to  a 
travelhr.  In  the  luburiv,  there  is  a  churili  dedicaleu  to 
St.  Miihael.  Slelwic  was  loiiiierly  the  lee  ol  a  Roman 
Catholic  bithop,  and  is  now  ihat  ot  a  protetlant  lupcr- 
uilendant. 


Wiilun  a  tew  miles  from  Slefwic  to  the  fouth,  arc- 
yet  lo  be  teen,  in  many  jilaces,  the  ruins  of  the  fimous 
wall  and  trench,  which  was  built  in  ancient  times  by 
Ihe  Daiiilh  kings,  againll  the  incurtions  of  the  .Saxons. 
It  is  though,!  to  have  been  begun  by  (Jolherick,  or 
(ioiholred,  king  ot  Denmark,  to  keep' out  th.e  armies 
of  the  emperor  Charles  the  Cireat,  about  th.e  year  80S, 
and  afterwards  improved  by  queen  'I'hyra,  and  other 
Daiiilli  monarchs,  anti  rer.dered  lb  llrong  .as  u  be 
eileem-ed  impregnable  by  the  counlellors  of  Ilenrv, 
linnamed  the  lion,  duke  of  Saxony.  This  rampe.rt 
was  call-ed  Denew.irk,  and,  like  Haihian's  wall  in  I'.iig- 
land,  is  reported  to  luvve  reached  troni  lea  to  tea,  quite 
acrols  this  ",eck  of  land. 

Ciotto.'p  was  the  ancient  teat  and  patrimony  of  the 
ihikes  of  Holllein,  the  chief  branch  of  which  familv, 
:.tter  the  ro\al  one,  took  from  thence  the  title  or  lur- 
name  of  Gottorp.  It  is  about  lix  miles  dillant  tiom 
Sleiwie  to  t!ic  limth-welt,  and  (lands  on  the  Slev, 
vvh.icli  alinoil  lurrounils  it,  anil  carrie.  vetiels  of  tinall 
burthen  to  anil  trom  the  liaitic.  This  place  is,  at 
the  lame  time,  a  fortre'.s  and  a  noble  (iai.ice,  being 
.lecounted  o;ic  ot  the  Ihiell  teats  in  all  thele  northern 
parts.  The  callle  ll.inds  to  th.e  well:  of  the  Sley,  in 
ti-.e  middle  of  a  little  lake,  and  i>  built  in  the  tor'm  of 
an  oblong  li,uare,  tortitied  with  four  ballions  of  earth  ; 
the  bottom  is  paved  with  free-llonc,  the  curtains  are 
K)ng,  and  the  lidei  Hands  north  and  fouth.  You  ap- 
|)roacli  the  callle  by  a  britlge,  which  joins  it  to  the 
louth  lliore.  It  is  commanded  by  a  mountain  that 
liands  north-call  of  it,  from  whence  the  Danes  annoy- 
ed the  callle  m  the  \ear  1675,  whence  the  duke  was  trea- 
cheroutly  lurpriied  b\  ihe  king  of  Denmark  at  Rentt- 
burg.  The  duke,  betore  his  death,  li.ad  deligned  to 
rebuild  the  cafllc,  but  the  front  only  is  tinithed ;  if  the 
whole  luul  been  completed,  it  would  have  been  one  ut' 
the  linetl  palaces  in  Kuro})e.  A  rampart  encomiiati'es 
the  lirll  court,  and  the  gate  of  the  cal'.le  is  a  line  blue 
llone,  .as  hard  as  marble,  with  a  lentern  over  it  that 
has  27  lights.  On  the  north  tide  of  tiie  callle  there  is 
a  bridge  of  2CO  paces  over  the  lake;  and  r.t  the  end 
of  the  bridg;,  a  walk,  b-jtween  two  row.,  of  trees,  that 
lead  to  the  garden,  which  is  adorned  with  many  tine 
water-works  and  cafcades.  On  the  left  there  is  a  ba- 
fon,  or  Hlh-pond,  ;oo  paces  lqu..re,  with  rows  of  trees 
on  all  tides,  except  to  the  north;  there  are,  alto,  tine 
arbours  on  ilie  lides  of  the  i;oiid;  and  i:i  tiie  middle,  a 
Hercules,  ot  a  monllious  li/e,  repielented  with  his 
ciuh,  going  to  kill  the  Leriv.ean  hydra.  Out  of  every 
part  the  water  plays.  In  every  corner  of  the  pond, 
tlierc  are  llatutes  which  form  cafcades.  On  the  north 
ih.ere  is  a  parterre,  in  the  form  of  a  crelcent  divided 
into  fever.al  compartments,  with  niches  round,  con« 
laining  bulls  of  many  kings,  and  modern  princes. 
There  are  alio  the  reiirefenie.tions  of  man',-  tabulous 
animals  that  throw  waier.  At  the  end  ot  the  walk 
there  is  a  Imall  room,  in  which  is  to  be  teen  a  i^libe, 
made  by  the  tamous '1  ycho  Brahe,  to  connived,"  that, 
by  mechanilm,  it  rcpretents  his  fytlem  of  the  world. 
There  is  another  admirable  globe  of  copper,  10  feet 
and  an  half  in  diameter,  with  a  fphere,  wherein  the 
fun  moves  in  the  ecliptic,  and  all  the  heavenly  bodies 
.lie  carried  round  in  exact  order,  by  means  of  certain 
wh.eels,  which  are  turned  about  by  water,  conveved 
t'lom  the  adjacent  mountain.  Before  this  houl'e  there 
is  a  level  ground  50  paces  broad,  and  three  times  as 
long,  tlivided  into  three  parts:  thole  on  the  f.des  have 
f.ne  parterres,  and  that  in  the  middle  has  a  great  baton 
in  the  centre,  with  water-works;  the  next  terrace  is 
liigher,  and  the  whole  is  incloled  with  green  paies,  a; 
high  as  each  terrace,  with  buds  all  round.  I'rom  the 
highetl  terrace  there  is  the  liiiell  piofpecl  perha;  s  m 
the  world,  viz.  the  callle  111  the  front,  in  the  mi  Idle 
ot  a  lake  liirroiinded  with  a  cluiniing  counirv,  and  a 
line  plain  betore  it.  On  the  leti  there  is  a  great  oran- 
!i,eiy,  or  gieen-liout'e,  where  they  keep  the  liidia.i  tree-, 
myrtles,  pomegranates,  and  other  exotics,  in  boxes, 
Ihe  p.iik  is  noble,  about    four  Englilh  miles   in  cir- 

cuiutereucc 


B 


M 


I  I  I 

•     ! 


1" 


'* 


*    ' 


'i  ^ 

1 1  fil 


6i4 


A  \RW  AND  AUTIir.NTlC  SYSTI.M  oi    rXlVLRSAl.  C;i:Of .R.\l  1  !Y. 


I  h 


t  i 


m 


I  ?<■* 


cuinti-Tciico,  and  full  of  t'.illow  deer  and  I'.a'j;';.  Tlu'iv  i>^ 
a  toll-bootli,  Of  cuiloiii-lioulc,  wi'icri:  ail  toil  is  [.an!  tor 
great  luiinbcrs  of  black  caitL-,  that  pafs  from  Jutland 
into  Cicimanv  ;  this  jiii.kIih.c-.  a  coniickvabir  fuui  ti)  the 
kini^  of  Dcnni.irk,  Inicc,  in  Iouk- \ va;s,  t..ll  i.  prud  tor 
above  50,000  head  ot  c.iltlc. 

Kckrcntord   llands  on  a  little  ,i',ul'fh  of   the  Baltic, 
which  makes  a  verv  commodious  haven,  and  ;'.lKinls  it 
A  confidcrahle  trade,  being  one  ot  the  l.itcli   ports  on 
that  (hore.     It  is  about   ai  miles  dill. 1:11  trom  (iottorp  ' 
to  the  call,  and  lix  from  Kiel  to\v.,i\U  the  north. 

Chrillianpreis,  the  capital  of  a  bailiwick  of  that 
name,  which  borilers  on  the  duchy  ot  lloilleiii,  is  litii- 
ated  on  a  gulph  of  the  Baltic,  at  the  c::irance  ot  the  ; 
haven  of  Kiel,  and  is  commandeii  by  a  catllc  that 
was  built  in  1637,  by  Chrillian  IV.  king  ot  Denmark. 
It  is  about  tive  miles  tlillant  from  Kiel  to  the  n  ^rtli, 
and  four  from  Kckrcntord  to  the  call,  it  has  about 
500  houfes,  and  two  gates,  diteiukd  with  ilrong 
works.  The  I'lyiler  I'ervcs  for  a  ditch,  and  makes  it 
inaccellible  ;  and  where  the  river  grows  n.irrtiwer  they 
liave  built  a  crclcent  in  the  w;uer,  with  port-holes  tor  16 
jiieces  ot  cannon. 

l-'rederickil.idt  was  tlui^  culled  fi"m  its  tounckr,  Fre- 
derick, duke  of  Holllein  and  Sletwic.  who  built  it  in 
the  year  16:1,  peopled  it  with  Hollanders,  and  grained 
them  great  privileges.  1  le  endeavoured  alto  to  lettle 
a  lilk  tnule  there,  and,  for  that  inirpole,  tent  an  emball'y 
to  Mulcovv  ami  I'erlia,  which  gave  occation  to  .Atlain 
Olearius,  lecretarv  to  it,  to  publilh  an  account  thereof 
in  an  excellent  book  ot  travels.  Tins  town  llaiuU  on 
the  banks  of  the  river  Eyder,  antl  is  24  miles  ditlant 
from  Sletwic  towarli^  the  well,  anil  42  tiomli'uck- 
lladt  to  the  nortii.  it  is  built  after  tiie  Dutih  talhion, 
and  all  religions  are  tolerated  there.  Tiie  town  is  li.juare, 
and  lurrounded  with  a  large  canal,  ]ilantctl  with  rows 
of  trees.  It  is  tlivided  into  two  part-  b\-  another  canal, 
alio  with  trees  on  the  titles.  The  Lutheran  church  is 
built  with  bricks,  anil  very  neatly. 

Tontleron  ii  alto  lituated  on  the  river  I'.yder,  to  miles 
below  I'Vedericklladt,  and  about  14  mile^  trom  the 
German  Ocean.  It  is  not  an  ancient  town,  but  it  has 
a  good  trade,  which  eiicrcates  daily,  by  means  of  its 
commodious  harbour  fornvi.1  by  the  I'.yder.  It  was 
form.rls  well  fortiiied,  but  the  fortifications  were  demo- 
lilhcd  m  1714  by  the  Danes,  whu,  auer  a  long 
blockade,  forced  the  town  to  lurren-ler  up.oii  terms. 
This  is  the  capital  of  the  bailiwick  nf  Kvderliadt,  and  | 
much  fre.iueiited  by  the  Dutch,  who  buy  black  cattle  I 

here.  '  .         ,     .  ,■ 

Henlburjr,  the  capital  of  a  diftrict  kno.Mi  bv  the 
fame  name,  as  well  as  tlut  of  .-Xngelen,  or  Kngeland, 
the  country  of  the  Angle-,  who  invaded  South  Britain, 
and  Ixilowed  u,)on  it  t!ie  ap|iel!.uion  of  iMigland, 
is  fitiiatetl  eight  miles  to  the  northward  of  Slet- 
wic, on  the  gulph  of  FLiis,  formed  by  the  Baltic; 
and  the  harbour  is  to  comiiuKJious,  that  lliijisot  great 
burtl'.en  may  come  up,  and  lie  lo:uled  from  ilse  ware- 
liuule-. 

Hulum,  which  is  10  iviiles  from  Tonderon,  and  li- 
tuatul  on  the  gulph  ot  Hover,  was  formerly  flounlhing 
a.id  opulent,  but  it  is  now  greatly  decaved  ;  its  riii.i  be- 
ing ilcduccii  tioni  three  capital  caules,  wai,  inunda- 
tions, and  conflagrations. 

Lohm-Cloller  is  an  inconliderable  town,  lituated  on 
the  river  Lohm-Beoke,  about  10  miles  from  the  (jer- 
man  Ocean. 

Haderflelien  is  a  large  tea-port  town,  by  the  lake  ot 
Hailertleben,  which  runs  into  a  narrow  gulpli,  that  dil- 
embogues  it!elf  into  the  Baltic.  Tiie  inli.ibitanls  carry 
on  .1  tolerable  trade  !))•  me.Uis  of  the  tilh  th.al  arc  caught 
ill  great  plenty,  both  in  the  lake  and  gulph. 

Timder,  12  links  to  the  wellwarcl  of  Haderfleben, 
is  a  remarkable  mat  town,  lituated  in  a  fertile  toil,  on 
the  louthern  bank  of  the  river  W  ydaw.  Here  is  a 
liiiall  llrong  fort,  whiih  the  king  keeps  in  e.\i  client 
rep;ur.  The  harbour,  iiovvever,  is  choaked  Up  at  pie- 
lent,  and  the  town  iiatli  Icaicciy  any  trade. 


# 


Ajiei-.rade  is  litualal  at  the  botteni  of  a  guljih  of  the 
Baltic,  25  miles  north  of  Slelwic.  It  is  ditended  bv 
a  tolerable  citadel;  but  has  neVvit'ielels,  been  fr-'- 
liiiently  plundered  in  time  of  w.ir. 

I.uxburg,  or  (ducklhuii',  is  tour  miks  to  the  ca!'r- 
ward  ot  Meiilburg,  near  the  liirne  gulph,  hut  on  the 
ojipolite  tide.  It  is  but  a  liiiall  t>vvn.  \et  has  a  callle 
and  gives  title  to  the  Dukes  of  1  lollkin'-Giuckfl.urr-. 

Tiii;  Ducky  ot'  I  loLsmv,  tlunigh  introduced  into 
moll  fyllems  of  geography  under  ihe  aiticie  of  Ger- 
many, we  thall  treat  of  under  that  of  Denmark,  tor 
the  following  reati.)ns  ;  bec:uile  HoKlein  lies  on  tiie 
norih-eall  tide  of  the  river  I'dbe,  is  fubjecr  to  the  Kiii;' 
of  Denmark,  and  is  one  of  the  ricliell  provinces  in  the 
dominions  of  that  monarch. 

\  traveller,  who  had  accels  lo  the  public  records  of 
the  kingdom  of  J)enmark,  and  received  many  curii>u3 
jiarticulars  from  the  unfortunate  j-rime  miniiier  C'oui'.t 
Struenlee,  thus  delcribes  this  jlucliy.  The  great  duihy 
of  Holtlein,  which  is  all  united  to  riie  Danilh  domi- 
nions at  |ireleni,  is  fiiiious  for  its  line  pallures,  and  k-i 
producing  excellent  beef.  Great  0|',!antities  of  horiv.d 
c.utle  are  bought  up  in  Jutland,  and  other  provimvs 
of  Denmark,  and  brought  here  10  be  fattened  :  ami 
th.eir  beef,  betides  what  is  tiled  for  tl;e  conlum|)tioii  uf 
Hamburgh  and  l.ubeck,  is  lahed,  diieil,  and  ex- 
Jiorted  ;  the  foimer  to  Holland,  aiul  the  latter  to  all 
parts  of  Lower  Germany  ;  and,  togetlier  with  an  excel- 
lent breeii  of  horles,  of  whicii  great  num!)ers  are  o,- 
jiorted  yearly,  bring  conliderable  I'ums  of  money  r.'.Ut 
the  province,  of  the  wIkjIc  of  which  tlic  court  ot  Den- 
mark has  not  hitherto  founil  the  means  to  drain  them  ; 
Ii.)  that  this  imn-ince  may  jullly  be  laid  to  be  the  rwh.-:l 
in  the  Danilh  dominions. 

This  duchy  is  bounded  on  the  well  b\  iheGeni.aa 
Ocean,  on  the  call  bv  the  Baltic,  on  the  louth-eafl  ly 
Mecklenl-urgh,  on  the  louih-welf  by  the  river  l'.il\-, 
aiul  on  the  louth  by  the  territo  y  of  Hamburg,  a:vl 
by  r.auenburg.  It  is  Xo  miles  in  length,  60  in  breadth', 
where  broadell,  and  divided  into  four  jirinripal  ]\i;i  , 
or  province-,  viz.  Holltem  I'rojier,  Wagria,  Storin.ir, 
and.  Ditmarlh. 

Holllein  is  remarkably  fertile,  ami  contain-.  in:uiv 
ricli  marlli,  j-aliure,  and  meailow  lands.  Dykes  h.;\e 
been  cut  through  the  marlli  landA  at  an  immenle  e.\- 
[jcnce,  not  only  to  drain  otV  the  waters,  whicli  natural- 
Iv  accumulate  there,  but  to  ilraln  ofF  lui  h  as  are  ocia- 
lioned  In  the  inundations  both  of  the  tea  and  riv.r  , 
uhiih  are  frequent.  Thcl'e,  however,  give  lu'ii  ,1 
riehi.els  10  the  loil  of  tlie  marllies,  that  cattle  are  !■:.! 
in  j'leat  numbers,  and  fattened  in  them  ,  and  v.-.l! 
quantities  of  excellent  butter  and  cheeie  are  iiLide  il 
the  milk.  In  ibme  ]-arts  of  them  thev  fow  wheat,  bar- 
ky, peas,  beans  rajH-leed,  fic.  whiJi  thrive  exec.: 
ingly.  Sheep  are  bred  in  the  more  laiidy,  heathy,  .i;.d 
barren  dillricis,  and  woods  and  orchards  .ibound  111 
other  parts.  The  hecf,  veal,  mutton,  lamb,  and  pork, 
are  all  fat  and  palatable;  .md  the  bell  Ii  a  ami  river 
lilli  are  caught  in  ;'reat  plenty.  The  Holll.in  hor;r. 
,ire  exceeding  beautiful,  and,  on  that  account,  -.-..^ 
luglily  prized  both  in  Denmark  .ind  (ierman).  1  i:- 
pruuipal  people  ulually  farm  out  their  cattle  to  a  kiii  I 
of  baiiitf',  ulio  runs  .ill  ha/.irds,  receives  all  prolits,  and 
.iliows  the  proprietor  lo  much  per  head  for  the  who!  ; 
tku.  the  pentrv  reieivea  certain  income  without  lur- 
ing any  trouble,  and  the  baililf  is  lulUciently  reward.  I 
for  his  pains,  as  he  ulually  makes  a  fortune  l)y  thee.Mra 
prolits. 

The  iounir\'  i^  in  general  iilain  and  level,  and  w.i- 
lered  by  the  river.  Lvder,  Sor,  and  Trave,  with  many 
rivulets,  ihkes,  &c.  An  oikl  ciillom  prevails  liere, 
which  is  to  dr.uii  the  lakes  and  |)onds,  at  certain  taBe,, 
and  fell  the  carp,  laiiipre\s,  pike,  perch,  ki\  which 
are  fouiul  in  them;  and  then  lome  \ean>  after  to  k,>v 
them  with  oats,  or  ulL  them  for  palhire;  and  alter  tliat 
to  lay  them  underwater,  and  breed  tilh  in  them  ag-iin. 
I'i'lic  huules  and  churches  are  vere  neat  i  foj'  the  jeople- 

li.rc 


»     J 


R.MllY. 

lit  ttiiiii  of  :'.  f;u!]>!i  of  ij.o 
cl'wic.     It  is  (Jitciulal  l>v 
;,    ncwrthc'k'l:-,    bciu  f-'- 
vv;ir. 

is  four  miks  to  the  cail- 
!  ihnic  guli'h,  but  on  tin.- 
M  t'lvvn,  yet  has  .1  c:'.!lk-, 
Jl  K.niuii'-Giuckll.uig. 

,  tl'.oii;'Ji  intro(iut\-(l  into 
LiiKlcr  ihc  aitiik'  ot  Cj.r- 
k-r  th.u  of  Denmark,  tor 
luk'  HoUlfia  liis  on  ii:c 
Ibc,  is  I'ubjfc'c  to  tlic  Kill" 
iic  riihcll  ])rovinccs  in  the 

.■fs  to  tl:c  I'uhiic  record':  r,f 
uiii  received  many  curii-i:!; 
m.Ue  ]  rime  minii'.er  Court 
i  (kicliy.  The  great  ckidiy 
lited  to  tiie  Oanilh  il^r.'.i- 
or  its  line  ]'alluie>,  and  [[■[ 
(ireat  ijiiantities  of  honv.d 
t!:ii)d,  and  other  |irovi::;>.-, 
Iiere  to  ho  fattened  :  ami 
k-d  tor  tlie  conlumption  ui 
is  tailed,  diied,  and  ex- 
land,  and  the  hitter  to  yll 
nd,  togeth.er  with  an  e\cc!- 
ich  great  numbers  are  cx- 
.-rabk-  I'utiis  ot  money  i:ito 
)t  wliieli  th.e  court  ot  Den- 
the  means  to  drain  tiieni ; 
Illy  be  laid  to  be  the  rieheil 

)n  tlie  well  In  iheGerii:a:i 
iillie,  on  the  lbuth-ea(l  I'V 
th-welt  by  the  river  i'.lhc, 
terriio  y  oi  Hamburg,  and 
cs  in  length,  60  in  breadth, 
I  into  tour  principal  part  , 
I'r^iper,  W'agria,  Storiiiar, 

fertik',    and   contain^,  many 

eadn'.v   kinds.      Dykes  h.;\e 

1  land-  at  an   iminenl'e  e.\- 

the  waters,  which  natinal- 

ilrain  utf  tui.li  as  are  occa- 

loth  ot  the  tea  and   riv^T  , 

e,    however,    give   luih  a 

ulhes,  that  caule  are  !-:.;( 

lenei.l    i.'i    tliem  ,     and   v;;ll 

er  and  eheele  are  made  ot 

them  ih.ev  tow  wheat,  har- 

^1.    uhiih   thrive  exfui- 

e  more  tamly,  heatliy,  a;.d 

.   and  oi\hards  ab(juiid  m 

.  mutton,  lamb,  and  pork, 

ukI   tlie  bell  lia  and  river 

ntv.      The  MollL'in  horte. 

nil,   on    that    atcouf.t,    aie 

imark  and  Cjermaii) .      1  lie 

1  out  their  cattle  to  a  Ivln  I 

rd-.,  receives  all  prolits,  and 

Ji  per  head  f)r  the  vvhol  ■. 

ertain  income  without  luv- 

hii'  is  tulticiently  rewarded 

iiakes  a  loriuiie  1)V  the  extri 


Fl'ROPr,] 


n  r:  n  m  a  r  k. 


62j 


al  p 

Sor, 

od, 

uul 

1 

len 
n  li 
nd 
re  \ 


ain  and  level,  and  wa- 

and  Trave,  with  many 

ciidoni   prevails   h.cre, 

ponds,  at  certain  timci, 

like,   perch,  k>\    which 

I'ome  \eurs  after  to  iu^f 

M'  ])alhn-e;  and  alter  tli.lt 

breed  tilh  in  them  a^ain. 

er>  neat ,  fu'  the  people 

h;rc 


here,  with  rel]ied  lo  i)icet\',  relemblc  the  I  loilander.. 
The  duchv  contain;  alxiut  30  cities  and  towns,  j;r.  it 
and  tinail,  and  600  paiillu-.  The  cler^^y  are  annual- 
ly cholen,  and  remo\eable  at  ]ileat'ure.  The  pcojile 
are  rii;id  Lutherans;  to  that  they  give  but  \ery  little 
countenance  to  Calvinills,  and  aiv  th\)hi:,;y  jiieiu diced 
agaiiill  the  Roman  catholic^.  With  regard  to  their 
cliaracler,  in  other  relpects,  they  are,  in  geiicrai,  \veU 
ni.ule,  finely  featured,  tdir,  Itrong,  courageous,  aid  lo 
ceUbrated  lor  tli' ir  integrity,  that  I'le  e\;>reilion  Hol- 
lUinglaul)e,  or  /.':ji:rj}  fh/jfriiUT,  is  proveriiial  throui;h- 
out  Ciermain,  Deiiiiark,  Kc.  The  pnncip'al  cities, 
towns,  &c.  ill  Holtleiii  are  as  tollow  : 

Lubeck,  :ui  imi'erial  cit\,  and  chiet  ot  tlie  Flan- 
Tow  's,  is  lituated  at  the  coiitlux  of  liveral  rivvi-,  the 
largelt  of  which  is  the  Trave,  It  i-.  11  miles  iroai  ti:e 
Baltic,  where  it  has  a  tine  l.a'.bour,  25  miles  nortli  ut 
Laueiiburg,  40  norlh-eall  i/t  i  lair.buig,  ami  iiylouiii- 
welt  ot  CJopen'iag-ii.  it  i>  a  billioiinc  under  i!;e  :.rcii- 
biihop  ot  Hreniui,  and  was  tiai.lkued  hitlier  trom  t)l- 
lienburg  in  1 1O3.  | 

Lulxxk  is  a  government  or  ivpul'.lic  within  itiMt, 
\>.ilh  royal  lurildiciior.,  vi/.  to  make  and  eMiiii-'  ii^ 
o'.vn  laws,  a^  well  in  eivil  :l^  in  lajiiai  caule-.  Irciii 
the  conlillory  th.ere  lies  an  appeal  to  the  lenate  ut  il;e 
tity,  which  loiiiiits  ot  tviur  bugomaiV.r'-,  two  lyiidic'-, 
who  are  uvihans  and  16  commoii-coiineihuen;  eacli 
ofwhoin  h.i>  hi^  ixuiiiular  |Hoviiice,  aiul  they  are  all 
tor  life:  luit  the  c-.>m:r.oii-couiicil  is  onlv  tjrined  ot 
lawyer.->  and  mervhants,  wr.ii  an  e\c!u;ion  ol  meciianics. 
I'.itlier  aii<l  ton,  or  twi)  brother-,  e.uinot  be  in  the  re- 
gency at  the  tame  time. 

The  name  of  tliis  city  is  i'upi'.oted  t<i  be  ilerived  trom 
Lob-eik,  the  (ierman  word  for  a  point  ot  kind,  which 
agrees  with  its  lituatioti.  it  is  an  ancient  place,  and, 
as  the  I'oles  ti;\ ,  was  founded  by  one  ot  their  kings, 
who  conquered  tins  part  ot  the  kingdom;  but  the 
(ieniKUis  ak  ribe  its  foundation  to  Codelchalk,  one  ot 
the  kings  of  the  VaiulaU,  in  1^40.  It  has  I'utlaiiied 
wars,  both  otfeiilive  and  delenlive,  for  Icveral  }ears, 
not  only  againll  the  dukes  ot  Mecklenburg,  but  againll 
the  kingol  Sweden.  It  is  fiid  to  h.ive  been  a  conti- 
der.ible  cit\  wiieii  taken  m  the  vear  1134,  by  Crito,  a 
prince  of  Rugeii,  who  ciellnyed  it;  but  it  was  rebuilt 
in  the  yuir  114c,  by  Adi>l;jh  il.  eount  ot  Hohiein, 
ami  then  lirlt  endo.ved  wnh  ine  iniinunilies  ot  the  city. 
In  1151  li  was  a.vuii  iwlueed  to  a  luap  ot  riiiiis  by 
tire,  .ill.:  v'.as  alunvards  relh'red  by  Henry  the  Lion, 
duke  I'.  S;\on\,  ;a  wf.ole  tane  the  collegiate  church 
was  l'iii..!.d.  In  1104  the  famous  leagr.e  of  the 
I  l.i.V:  'i  .lAi'i  \va  begun  here,  and  their  college  is  llill 
kit,  t"g,ilnr  iMtii  the  record'-,  and  common  lloik 
ruled  by  lontninuion-.  la  liSl  llie  emperor  l-re- 
(krick  1.  itrought  i'  ir.iiier  t'iilv,ecti;iii  to  tiie  em- 
pir.';  bui  Henry  the  1 .1011  rcio.ik  it;  iip.on  x.IikIi  it 
I;d  M'lo  liie  luuuls  lit  1  loillein.  and  atterwarcN  ot  Doi- 
ir.aii  .  li'e  iity  iii'.sii'g  lull'ered  greativ  bv  hie,  jiai- 
tiLuki.iv  in  127(1,  vas  reouilt  in  the  haiuiiome  manner 
now  Icen;  I'.ie  lenate  having  made  an  order,  iliat 
I'viiie  of  the  iioj;.  -  liiould,  tor  the  luiure,  be  biiiit  wit', 
luiilier,  or  n-ver^d  with  thatcli.  In  1^50  il  was  al- 
nioll  dep.ipulal^d  w.lli  the  iilagiu ,  wlmh  carried  oil 
vail  luiai'.ieis  ol  ihe  inli.ibitaiit^.  At  pieleiit  it  is  a 
hue  nobk-  c:tv,  Ipacious  and  well  lorti.ied;  two  miles 
in  lcn:'tl,,  and  mote  th.iii  uiii:  bro.ul ;  the  llreets  being 
III. til,  unitoriu  and  wide.  Mar.i'  ot  the  llreets  have 
rows  ot  lime-tive.  on  the  lide-,  and  a  canal  in  the 
middle.  Tlie  churches  ar'  ma'.'.iiiliieiii,  ■.\m\  about 
twenty  of  them  ha\e  iiigli  Ipirc-.  liie  two  chiet 
Idvits  leading  fioiu  the  cathedral,  and  the  Milkr's 
Ciate,  to  the  10;,. d  and  calUe  gUe,  being  tin:  llighell 
part:,  of  the  city,  are  iiilerleCted  by  others  that  detceiul 
gi.idually  on  e;ich  tide  to  the  Tiave  and  Wagiiitz  Ri- 
\ei^.  'I'lie  iioufe.'.  are  large  and  llaiely,  being;  built 
ol  brick,  covereil  with  tiles,  geiier.illy  high,  and  adoiii- 
til  with  l(.\ilpture.  The  rncr  'I'rave  brings  lliips  into 
the  very  heart  ot  the  city,  whii  li  is  near  ten  miles  tioin 
the  lea.  The  largell  vellek,  however,  unload  at  Tra- 
No.  57. 


cmuiiid,  a  ((;rl  on  llie  bay  ol'  Lubeck.  The  princi- 
pal trade  is  to  Rig-a,  Revel,  Narva,  and  i'.terllnirg ; 
,iiid  the  iii.c.ija/.iiies  and  warehoufes  are  w^ll  Hocked 
wiili  the  |)roduetions  and  cominoditus  ot  I'.ngland, 
h'rance,  Spain,  Holland,  tl-.e  I'vall  and  Welt  Indies, 
i^vc.  The  f iriilicatioiis  are  llrong,  vs'ell  rmillicd,  and 
kept  in  goou  repair.  The  ballions  arc  loU;/  and  ex- 
lenlive,  tiie  out-work',  numerous,  and  the  haven  de- 
ijiided  bv  feviral  tort-,  and  ramparts.  'I'he  I'cveral 
market-i'l.ices  are  larg.;,  and  well  !'u].'p!ie(i  ;  and  the 
public  buiiii'.igs  llatelv,  p.irticulanv  the  t'enate-houle, 
arienah,  U  .fpitals,  &c.  St  Mary's  church  is  the  molt 
(.oaiiderab.le  in  the  pkice  being  a  lofty  ediiice, 
Ihuiding  1:1  the  midll  oi  the  city,  and  has  a  double 
lieej  le,  tv.o  Imni'red  and  feveiiteen  yard-,  high,  built 
ill  l,')04.  The  iiiliile  ot  it  is  |;r;)iulel\'  o.iiAniented 
■.Mill  |iiil:'.r':,  monuiuenis,  8cc.  but  tiiere  are  fev/  of 
i!i'.'m  whicii  delerve  much  notice.  The  great  altar  is 
ver\  riclil)  cvcculed  in  m.irbie,  by  (^iillin,  who  did 
I')  many  at  Antwcr]);  and  near  it  is  a  tamous  clock, 
v.hiiii  is  the  iiiotl  remarkable  obiect  at  Lubeck,  exlii- 
Inting  the  eliptic,  zodiac,  euuato;-,  and  topics,  and 
ihr  pLui'ts  111  their  kveral  cuirter-;  whicliaiv  lo  iiii- 
luilely  ilone,  ih.it  the  Ihunn  il  am  ot  them  l^  to  be" 
loiiiid  ,it  ever\  hour  ot  the  d.iv.  Il  IIk'a^  ti;e  ivi'ular 
variations  ol  the  cekllial  bodie--,  lull  rili.ig  and  kmng, 
t'l-.- ecliples  teltivals,  and  (.tlier  remarkable  days;  all 
\\hich  It  will  continue  !•)  Iliew  till  the  vear  1875.  Be- 
iitks  all  this,  there  are  leveral  automatons;  and  among 
otiiei'-,  a  tigure  ot  our  Saviour,  with  a  iloor  on  its 
right  hand,  which  opi-ning  at  twelve  at  noon,  out 
coiiie,  ill  cider  ot  pidcelhon,  llie  emperor  and  the 
leven  eldell  elect. irs,  and  turning  to  the  image,  make 
a  iiaifoiind  obeitance ;  this  the  figure  returns  by  a 
wave  ol  his  hand;  atier  whicli  tlie  whole  gi'uupe  re- 
tires in  tlie  lame  oreler,  through  a  door  on  tlie  left,  ami 
both  docirs  thut  tiirectl)-.  In  the  tower  is  another 
piece  ot  machinerv,  the  chimes,  which  plavs  the  hours 
with  a  plealing  melody,  and  minute  e.'^aciiiei-,.  I'.i- 
der  them  is  the  bell,  on  which  is  tlruek  the  hour.  Tiiis 
is  perlormed  bv  a  ligure  ot  time;  whilll  a  lelier  tigure, 
reprelentinjf  .Mortaliiv,  and  llamlins;  at  the  other   tide 


.it  the  bell,  turnv  alide  its  lieati  at  everv  Itr. 


'f  his 


work,  tor  its  |)refervaiion,  i- lurrounded  wiin  a  ti.imc 
ot  wire.  By  tlie  iiikription  it  :iii[)ears  to  l.a'.'o  been 
erected  in  I-105. 

.'\iiiong  o||ler^  is  a  ver\'  curious  ])iece  called  Death's 
Dance,  wnich  repreli.iU'-  human  beings  in  all  ttatioiis 
of  life,  from  an  empetor  to  the  meaneR  jierlon,  and 
f  0111  an  old  man  to  an  intant,  led  round  a  circle  by 
li)  many  IkeUton-,  lliewing  that  ileaih  1|  ares  neitiier 
age  or  oii'ditioii. 

.■'\ii'   wh.at  is  iite,  wiih  ilk  encompafs'd  round  ? 
.Vini'.lll  our  hopes  late  llrikes  the  ludtlen  woun^l. 
'I'li-daj'  tile  tlatelman  ol  new  lionour  tlre.nus, 
To-iiionow  death  ikllroys  hii  airy  Ichemes. 
1 .  mou'.ily  treafure  in  thy  clietl  conliii'd  r 
Think  all  that  treafure  thou  mull  Ic.ve  Irjhind. 
The  heir  with  fmilcs  lliall  view  the  bla/.oii'd  Jierle, 
And  all  thy  hoards  with  lavilli  hands  dilp.erle. 
ShoukI  cert.lin  t.ite  ih"  uiijieiiding  blow  deho  , 
'1  h\  mirth  will  liekeii,  and  tin  bloom  deca\  : 
Tiien  leeble  ,ige  will  all  thy  nerves  dil'arm  ; 
No  more  thv  blood  its  narrow  chaniiek  warm. 
Who  then  would  with  to  flretch  this  narrow  Ipan, 
To  lialler  life  btjoiid  the  dale  of  man  ? 

Tiie  cathedral  of  Lubeck  is  a  building  of  very  great 
anii>iiiity,  being  elected  ill  the  year  1170,  bv  duke 
lleiir)  the  Lion,  aii'.elhir  of  the  pnl'iit  elector  of 
llanover,  I'he  occalioii  ot  buihling  it  is  mentioned 
in  M\  iiilcriptioii  on  one  of  the  wails,  vi/.,  that  lleiiry 
the  Lion,  duke  of  Sa.xony,  hunting  in  tin-  pan  ot 
the  louiitry,  caught  a  llag  with  a  g.'ld  coll.ir  and 
crols  about  its  iiei  k,  on  which  was  tins  inlcription, 
ihc  inc  Cu'far  donaiit,  containing  the  date  ot  the  year, 
which  w;is  in  the  ivign  ol  Charkiiiaiii :  and  the  cluke, 
lioiu  lurpri/.e  at  this  accident,  erected  this  caLhcdral, 
7  1  lor 


% 


Si 

I 


r:y'j 


)  ir 


m 


'    '■ 


€a6 


A  NKW   ANo   Alllll  NTIC  SYSTKM  of  UMVi.RSAI.  (.l.CXiR  ATI  lY. 


i 


'1^ 


f 


|i 


ill 


h- 


S^'i 


*J 


'i.t 


.'<■:  ? 


!  i 


I J 


for  commcnidnition  ot  it,on  ih.'laiivj  l;)i)'.,.iiul  endow cl 
it  with  ail  liaiuilonu-  rcvciuic.  In  tiii;  lop  ut  the 
iluircli  !>  to  In-  ki-ii  tlic  tiijuiv  nt'thi'  It.ic;. 

All  luuts  I'.t  this  i.it\  arc  idAu'  v.iiii  uater  bv  ln|K■^ 
fruni  :i  nltrvoir.  1  he  next  llaplc  coi)uiiatlit\  to  ci)rii 
ih  lu'iT,  wIikIi  Is  111  hit.',h  fiUiiiat io!i,  not  oni\  as  a 
|ilc.i'aiit  ruiiior,  Inn  as  a  nioilicine,  when  e\ternallv 
ai>i'heil  lO  bruiles,  woiiiuls,  ?vC.  Here  are  leMial 
hoijntaU,  which  arc  well  hipiioriM.!.  There  is  one  tor 
ancient  ji'ople  ot  botli  uxev,  uhkli  was  oiiee  a  callle, 
Iruiii  wlieiue  the  eiti/.eiis  ilio\e  out  the  Daiiilh  i!,airi- 
lon.  St.  Ann's  is  tor  or])liaiis,  ami  other  chiiilieii  ot 
|>xir  Inir^her^,  who  are  inil.uoteil  in  l.'iiie  haiulicratt 
l)iilinels ;  anil  thtre  i^  ,iii  apartment  t'H  t!ie  contiiie- 
mcnt  ot  libertines  and  lunaiii-.  1  lure  are  t\M)  other 
holpitals  tor  the  reeeptini  ol  jio^r  iravelkr->,  where 
tliev  are  allowed  three  ila\  s  retrellinieiit,  ;ind  then  lent 
tomard  with  a  pal's;  bitt  tv;eii  as  happen-,  to  be  liek. 
are  provaied  wilh  all  neceli.irie'.  till  tho  reo.ver  or 
die.  ihc  ncliell  toundatton  ot  this  toit  is  St.  ( leop.'.e's 
Cloyller,  wliieh  is  ehielh  tor  the  m.iintenanee  ot  luth 
artiliecrs  as  arc  jirowii  old  ,vk\  pall  their  labour.  I'licre 
IS  alii)  St.  Cleririuie's  hoipital,  whuh  i^  a  pell-honle. 
'I'here  arc,  moreover,  U\eial  alin--luHiUv,  eiulmved 
In  the  iiiereiiaiit-,  tor  the  ir.ainteiianee  ot  the  widow- 
ot  pei)r  members ;  belides  lever.il  little  llreets  ot  lioules 
tor  the  wido\NS  ot  other  ))oor  tili/eii'-. 

'I'raveiiiuiKl,  de|ienile!U  on  l.iibeek,  trom  whenee 
it  is  but  nine  iniLs  to  the  north-eall,  and  3:  well  ot 
\\  iliiuT,  is  a  liiile  lown  near  the  mouth  ot  the  river 
'l"ra\e.  One  ol  the  >.>iiir.i-  I't  llolllein  lold  it,  in  ij:o, 
tor  4000  marks,  to  the  I  .uheckers,  who  toriihed  it 
with  t  >ur  sioi)d  baliuin  ,  elected  a  iiulit-lioule  to  i;uuie 
the  Ihijis  at  ni^lii,  and  tommonh  keep  a  garriloii  here 
ot  three  or  400  inen,  eoniiiKliuled  In  a  I  iii;j,lier  ot  l,u- 
beck,  who  reeiives  h.is  1  rdeis  trom  the  buri2,oiiulU'rs, 
and  admits  no  perlons  i.ito  th.e  pi.iee  without  a  ]al- 
ijwrt.  It  was  lei/etl  bv  the  i/.ar  m  1(117,  in  order  to 
leeiirc  tranlports  kir  Ins  troojK,  but  he  was  pirluaded 
fu  ejuit  It.  There  is  a  peiiinlula  ii\er  againll  it,  about 
a  i;uarter  (^t  a  le.i^ue  in  liieiiintereiiie,  whieli  belongs 
to  the  dueliv  ot  .\lei  klenbur;'.  'llie  river  Trave  riles 
out  ot  a  great  lake,  in  the  |uri!di:iion  ot  Sei;eberg ;  anil 
atlcr  a  ler|)entine  courle,  trom  north  to  loutli,  by  Se- 
jliiieri;  and  Oliletlo,  turns  llioit  to  the  la;',  waters 
thecitv  ot  l.ubeek,  ut  which  this  town  is  the  ji.irl, 
tUcn  tails  into  tlie  ISaltie. 

l)ldello,  or  Odello,  on  the  r^er  Treve,  le\en  miles 
louth  ot  Se^elxr}^,  I S  well  ot  l.ubeek,  ,uid  31  iiorth- 
eull  ot  H.'-nibur;:,  is  a  little  old  ti.vn,  which  was  tor- 
nierK  a  vcrv  tlourilliini;  ]>lace,  ,ind  tlie  capital  ot  this 
part,  but  lutiered  to  mu.h  b\  ti^e  iKi;.;iibourin<j,  (irinees, 
who  contended  tor  th.is  proMiice,  and  by  ,:  duke  <\ 
Hrunlwick,  who  delho'  n!  it-,  lalt-works,  to  tavour  thole 
of"  lainenburg,  that  1- L;rwUly  deuu\d. 

'1  raveiiilal,  on  the  l.ime  rixer,  w  ith.in  a  iv.ile  ol  Se- 
^■cberg,  is  only  noted  tor  leMial  treaties  beiwi\t  the 
kill"  ot  Denmark  and  the  liuke  ot  I  lollUin  in  17CO, 
tor  ad'uliiiig  the  duke's  right-. 

Fiitiii,  or  L'tiii,  about  16  miles  trcnn  l.ubeek,  ha-- 
L'iveii  title  ot  duke,  aial  feat,  to  the  ;ouiiger  Ion  ul 
llieiluke  of  M.illUin,  ever  lince  the  \e:ir  I5yfi. 

I'lweii  i.  a  town  almoll  lurrounded  b\  kikes:  it  i 
l',ie  i.apii.'.l  ot  \.hat  is  deemed  a  priniipalii_\  ol  th. 
lame  name,  li  lia«  a  ]  .ilace,  which  llands  high,  and 
tommand-  a  beautitul  [nolpert,  ami  is  adorned  with 
plealant  v'arde;:-.  and  a  park.  'I'he  niighbouriiig,  lakes 
and  wooiis  turnilli  jrie..i  i|U.uitities  of  tilh  and  timber, 
uiH  n  the  l.ik-  of  winch  the  inhaliitanis  prineipalh 
lublill. 

Oldenburg,  or  .Alierbu;',.  was  ome  a  ver\  luiihde- 
rab'.e  town,  but  is  now  t.iiien  to  dei.i\'.  It  is  iitualed 
lu.ir  the  Ualtic,  :7  miles  north  ot  1  .iibei  ,  anil  gives 
ii.une  to  a  fmall  diitrii '.  In  ancient  tinus  the  Sckivo- 
inan  kings  kept  li.eir  iw.irt  I.,  re. 

Leiiibi-ii  is  a  market  tuwii  on  tlie  eoiilines  ot  Slefwic, 
not  far  Iroin  the  l.'.der.  It  is  celebr.ited  U>r  its  beer, 
which  i-.  lent  into  many  purta  ot  the  cireuiniacent  n'Un- 
trv,  and  eVen  tianlporietl  aluoud. 


Meldorp,  or  Meklorf,  is  a  large  town,  i'Mn;:;;-.-  .ir, 
a  river  or  ftream.  called  the  i\'leele.  It  has  i,,,,,!. 
trade,  and  three  market-plaies  r..i!nd  its  li.uul,,  ,;,(: 
tinguilhed  by  the  names  of  tlie  north.  ['  uii,,  aiui'ueii 
nia:kets.  Here  i>  likewile  a  public  lili..ul  twi  the  iUidv 
ot  the  dallies  and  rhelone. 

Heyde  IS  a  large  but  -p.oor  town,  10  m.le-  to  the 
north  ot  Meldiop. 

Kivmpi  is  .i  imail  open  tuwn,  01:  a  little  rive,  ul  th,.- 
lame  name. 

(ihicktladt  is  lituared  on  tin  t:  >iih  liik-  cf  th.-  l-,,l)c, 
i6  miles  fouth-Wwi  ot  llanibuig.  It  1-  a  ni.it  well- 
buijt  town,  and  lo  itrong  .is  to  be  deemed  inipregnii)!. 

The  D.iiies  h.ive  2COO  men  in  ganilnn  lieie,  ana 
loiiie  nK[\  ot  w.u  in  the  liarin  ur,  which  is  \er\  ;'.it: 
and  Ip.ui'ju-.  Here  the  CilviniUs  have  a  eluiivh.  t:ie 
Roman  Catholics  a  chapel,  and  the  Jews  a  tvnagoi>,ue. 
The  town  w.is  ti.unded  in  16:0,  wlim  Chiilli.in  U  . 
king  ot  Deiimaik,  ordered  it  to  be  c.illed  G/.'aXy/,;,//, 
whiih  implies /-'t/VrtWrt/i-Viriv;.  1  h.  re  being  no  Iprir."- 
about  the  town,  the  iiihalni.i.iis  uIl-  r.iin-water,  or  that 
of  the  river.  Thotc  who  are  convicted  of  theft  reteu,- 
this  tcntence;  to  draw  duniu',  lite,  tlie  dull  carts  bel(]i;H- 
ing  to  the  town,  to  whuh  they  .ire  chaineil  like  ll.'.\i  '. 

Mredenberg,  or  Hriieiiburg,  is  a  vill.ige  on  the 
Stor,  deteiided  l))  a  lalUe;  it  gives  name  10  a  lonl- 
Ihip  th.it  has  long  been  the  ]'ropeity  ot'  the  ancieii!  aiui 
celebrated  tamily  Ran/aii. 

I'rinieburg  is  a  market  town  on  t!ie  I'inace,  i  j  niiies 
from  Hamburg,  and  14110111  ( iluekll.idt.  It  iso'nl)  re- 
markable lor  giving  name  to  a  county  which  fell  to  the 
crown  ot  Denmark  bv  tlie  death  of  it,  kill  >  ount,  in  16.(0. 

Aitena,  a  large  and  populous  village,  is  joined  h\  .1 
row  ot  houles  on  thf  I'.lbe  to  Hamburg.  It  h;'..l  1; 
name  trom  the  king  ot  l)if,n,ark,  as  it"  is  laid,  pure- 
ly to  banter  the  deputies  of  Hamburg.  The  latter  re- 
monllrated  to  liiin  againll  building  this  town  too  ntu. 
their  cit\  ;  and  having  frei|uen:ly  oblerved  thereu|ioii, 
in  their  dikourt'e  to  tlie  king,  "  I)at  is  al  le  na," 
whuh,  in  the  language  of  this  couiitn,  i,  "  It  is  too 
"  near,"  the  king,  taking  particular  notiieof  the  tlirci- 
kill  monolvlkibles,  laid  to  the  deputies,  he  could  not 
excule  himlelt,  it  he  did  not  g.i  on  with  the  buiklings; 
but  that  to  oblige  them,  he  would  call  it  bv  the  name 
they  had  giv^n  it.  It  w,i-  t.^rmerb  .1  refuge,  not  only 
tor  mlolvelit  debtors,  but  e\en  maletartors,  that  came 
trom  H.imbuigi  beiaule,  though  the  iniiabitants,  a 
tew  lilhernun  .ind  lailors,  fubiect  to  the  king  of  Den 
mark,  depeiuleil  intireU' on  tl:e  trade  and  bulinefs  ••! 
that  cit\,  Ul  it  w,;-  .pine  out  ..I  his  uiriuliction.  1'.  ■ 
noted  for  a  ircatv  in  i6«'),  Ihuvim  i!ie  ki:ig  ot  I).:.- 
mark  and  liie  duke  ol  I  IniiK-in-C  loiioro;  but  iiuku 
more  t(v,- Its  calair.il\  in  171:,  when  C'luinl  Sleinboch, 
the  Swedilli  geiierai,  having  jull  defeateil  l!,e  kin:'  • 
Deiim.irk  ;ind  his  aimv  at  (i:ulebulch,  came  and  nu'  ,i 
this  town  to  the  urouml.  The  realons  pretciukd  i.\  the 
Swedes  v.eie,  that  magazines  ot  b.re.ul,  fair,  N-  . 
were  pii  p.-inng  here  k.r  the  Muicovitcs  a;.d  .S.w.ii,  . 
and  that  it  w.is  p.irtK  in  irpriliil  lor  the  burning  -I 
Staikn,  and  other  cruelties  cuiiimitted  In  the  I)a;ies:i:i  I 
Muleovites  in  the  duchies  ot  Brei-.ien  ;'.nd  Poniei-aiii.i ; 
but  theie  w.is  this  ditierence  :is  to  Siaden.  that  the  I  >,iiv  - 
belleged  it  in  form,  and  deltrowd  it  by  their  bomb-  ; 
wl'.ereas  Steinboih  was  luilged  to  act  the  ]\irt  of  an  1::- 
cendi;ir\.  As  liion  as  he  ap|iea:ed  before  -Mtena,  ;•:■ 
lent  III  .1  luellage  to  advile  the  inhabii;nis  to  r,:i! 
with  what  ihev  eould  c.irr)'  off,  for  that  he  was  gi  i;  > 
toilellrov  tl'.eir  lo.Mi.  .The  magillrates  came  oiil  1,: 
a  body,  .uid,  killing  :it  his  teet,  sillied  h.im  jO.r.M 
rixdolla.s  to  five  ihe  town  i  but  Sieinbock  infiiiul  ,1:1 
2oo,oc»,  wIikIi  thev  were  readv  t>i  comply  with,  .'.1,  ! 
only  deiired  time  to  go  to  Hamburg  lor  the  inonev  ,  I  c 
theg^eneral  would  admit  ot  iiodelav;  U)  il;;it  the  pi- r 
inhabitants  Were  obliged  to  turn  out  ;  the  muihc  .  -.'.ilh 
their  inlants  at  their  lireall  ,  and  Ions  wiih  ih.ir.i"  d 
and  iiilirm  jiarents  on  their  backs,  others  groaning  i  n- 
der  loads  ut  houlhold-good- ,  and  all  lamentiiig  their 
fate  with  the  moll  kimeiil.ible  cries.  'I'he  Swede; 
llood  at  the  barriers  with  tkimiii^  tortlies-iii  their  li.ind- 

wiille 


J     '■ 


^\^IIY. 

hiriic  toun,  I'anc:;;'.;'  on 
.■   XK-i-U'.      It    li.w   ;,.iiic 

S     IuI'.IkI     lis    I.  i.Ullli,    U'''. 

iC  r.orili,  1  uii,,  i'.r.ii  u-i; 
iiblic  Uliwol  lui  tlic  iiuJv 

r  ir.wn,   10  \k\\c~  [■}  t'.K' 


a,  n;' 


littl 


-•t  i!,: 


,ic  iviitli  lull  !■(  lljL-  I'.iiv;, 
lurg,.  It  i-  ;i  iii.it  will- 
)  hi-  (laMUi'd  Hiiprc^^ritbh  . 
Ill  i;i  L'.iniliiii  iiutv,  ;i!ia 
irlniir,  \Oiiil\    is  \iT\  i.it. 

iIImI's    W.iW  .1  (.IllilVJl,    til.- 

Ill  till.'  Jcv^s  .1  tyii;ii;i)i>ui.'. 
bio,  u 111 II  L'linllian  l\. 
;  to  W  f.illi-'l  GltiLkjiiuii, 
'.  1  ill  IV  Ikii\;!,  no  iini-^^ 
Its  i.i!l-  rain- water,  or  that 
n)iivicti.-il  ol  llictl  ri.'i;ii\,- 
,  Ilk',  till-  iliill  I  arts  bcldi-.L'- 
V  .in-  tiialivjii  like  II .'.\i  . 
r;;;,  is  a  vill,ig,c  on  tin 
it  givi-s  name  to  a  loai 
ropcrty  ot  tlii'  aiKicnt  am; 

■11  on  tlio  I'inacc,   i_^  nv.ii^ 
( iluclsHailt.      It  isonl)  n - 
a  covinty   w'nicli  tiil  to  tlu' 
ill  .;.t  it^  hill  <  'Hint,  in  1640. 
His  \illatii',  is  joiiK'd  h>  ,'. 
to    1  lamlnirsT.       It  i',;',.l  1; 
ir.avk,  as    u    is  laul,  \mi\- 
l-laiiihu!;j,.     Till-  lailcr  r.> 
niildini!,  tliis  town  too  mi: 
ii'iitlv  oIulmaliI  theivuiinii, 
iiig,    "  Dat  is   al   tc   iki," 
his  couiitr}',  is  "  It  is  too 
irtiiuhir  notiicot  the  thrci- 
le  ilf])iitics,   111-  lould  lilt 
ijv.  on  With  ihf  huiKlin>!,s 
Aoulil  call  it  bv  the  luiiu- 
riiierU  a   retui^e,   not  onl;, 
11  aialct  iilors,  that  lanie 
hoiis^h    the   inhabitants,  .1 
jibieil   to  the  kin[i  ot   Dcii 
thi-   trailc  aiiil   bulmel-  o! 
t  ..I  his  mriliUction.     It  i- 
lu  iwiM   liie  kin;j,  of   IXt.- 
Ilein-Ciottor]);    l>iit   niu.il 
,   V, hen  Count    Sleinboch, 
lui!  ilcl'cateil    th.e    kin;;     ' 
iilebuti-li,  tanir  and  bui,;t 
le  realons  pnt^iukd  Ia  the 
IS     ot    l-.fead,     h"ir,    N.  . 
Mu'.ujvitis   a:.d  S,'.\oh   ; 
j.iilal   tor    the  burning'    '1 
niiiilted  b\  the  I)anesa:i  1 
Brer.K'n  and  I'oineraiii.; ; 
to  Stadeti.  tl'.at  th>'  D.iiv  - 
ro>.  ..li   ;t  bv  their  bomb  ; 
I  to  aoi  tiie  jwrl  of  an  i::- 
,]iia  ed  betijie    \llen.i,  i'l- 
the    inhabii '.Ills  to  r/!ir. 
!T,   tor  that  he  was  liii;' 
iiKU'jUrales  laiiie  out   1.! 
teet,  otlired  him  jo.r.-.i 
lut    Sleinbotk    iiiliiiid"'i 
■adv    to  ii'iiiply  with,  .11.  i 
iburij,  loi  the  humka  ,   hi:' 
o  (k'l.iv  ;   ho  that  the  |'i"  r 
n  out  ,   the   iliothe's  '.'.  :lh 
and  Ions  with  ih.  ir  .i"  d 
aks,  others  jiroaiiing  i  n- 
anii   all  lamentiiiii;  tlmr 
Ible    cries.        Tiu'   S'.veiK'; 
linsj,  lor^hcs  la  ihiir  h.i'nl  ■ 
wink- 


^>T 


EUROPE.] 


DENMARK. 


627 


while  they  palled,  and,  before  they  were  all  gone  out, 
entered  the  town,  and  let  hrc  to  all  iiarts  of  it,  whieh 
burnt  Qooo  houles,  with  leveral  tine  inag.i/.iiies,  and 
»he  l'oi)illi  chuieh.  Several  old  men  and  women,  be- 
lides  intants,  |ierilheil  in  liic  ihuiies;  but  the)'  :,jariil 
the  Lutheran  and  C'alvinill  churi'lus,  with  about  So 
houlL's  liiai  hi\'  neaivil  to  H.imbui;^.  Never  w.is 
ureaier  delolaiion  known.  Rut  what  c-oiii]iieteil  me 
rum  oi  this  jilaec  was  the  raging  ot  the  |)!,iii,ue  at  the 
lame  time  in  Ilollk'in,  tnloir.ueh  that  the  Haiiiburgeis 
were  toreed,  tor  tlieir  own  |ireleiTation,  to  lliut  the 
rates  :igainll  their  dilliilled  neighbours,  many  ol'wlioiu 
perillieii  with  told  and  want.  The  king  oi  Denmark 
relieved  them  as  lar  as  the  neeeirity  ot  the  times  would 
1,'trmil,  and  i.iuied  them  to  be  l'u[)piied  witii  materi.ils 
lor  rebuilding  ihiir  town.  The  buildings  at  Altena 
are  now  bitter  in  appearanee  than  thole  ot  llaiuburg  ; 
the  llreeti  are  llrait  and  regularly  built,  wide,  and 
well-iiaved.  "Iliere  is  a  town-h.ouk'  erected;  a-.d  le- 
veial  other  inilhii  I  uildings  Ihew  that  the  ])late  is  in 
a  liourilhii;J  and  i;ii]Toving  llate.  '1  he  iiiereliants 
houles  are  on  the  water-. ide,  lo  that  Ihips  unlo.ul  and 
load  at  their  iloor-.  I'he  king  ot  Denmark  made  it 
ijie  llapi.e  ot  the  Danilli  Kail  India  company,  which  has 
b'-.'n  ot  ver\'  great  iin[)ortance  to  the  tonii.  This  mea- 
liiie  w.is  an  admirable  one  tor  .'\ltiii:i,  by  mians  ot 
lier  tituatioii,  dillribules  the  India  goods  were  no 
otiier  town  m  Denmail;  could:  Ihe  lends  large  quanti- 
ties into  moll  parts  ot  Cieiinam,  and  herein  ri\als  the 
Hamburpers,  who  .u'e  lorced  to  buy  theirs  ot"  the 
Dutcli.  I:i  all  lliele  |)oints  the  interell  ot'  Denmark 
has  been  viry  well  contidered  t'.)r  this  lall  ceiiturv', 
trom  .1  n.)ble  attention  in  th.eir  kings  to  pro. note  what- 
rve:'  has  been  moil  tor  the  iiileivil  nt  their  lubjeCts. 

Toleration  is  allowed  liere,  which  is  denied  at  Ham- 
burg, to  all  Chrillian  lein-,  ot  whom  there  is  laid  to  be 
a  greater  variety  at  Altena  than  in  any  city  ot  I'^urope, 
except  Am'.lerdam.  I'he  Calveiiills  ot  Holland  and 
b' ranee  ha\e  liandliiinc  chuiihes,  built  all  together  on 
two  lidos  oh  the  lame  court.  The  Papills,  tho' tolera- 
ted, arc  not  li  publicly  couiitenaiiceil  as  the  I'roteitants. 

Kiel  is  .1  town  ot  great  trade  at  the  mouth  ol  the  ruer 
Swentin,  o:-.  a  b  ly  ot  the  Baltic,  and  the  capital  ot  all 
H')ilUin,  17  I'.uies  eall  ol  Kenlburg,  2401  Cioitorp, 
.-;6  north-wei't  of  l.ubeck,  and  4»  north  ut  Hamburg, 
and  I'.nds  betw^-en  hills  on  an  arm  ot  the  k.i,  where 
it  fof.'.is  a  hike.  It  has  a  good  harbour,  well  tVeijueiit- 
ed  b\'  Ihilis  ii'om  (ieiir.anx,  Sweden,  i\c.  and  is  po- 
pulous and  wealthy.  Both  the  town  .-.nd  harbour  are 
defended  b\  .'.  i.iliie  on  a  neighbouring  hill.  On  the 
right,  or  eail-l'de  ot  this  calile,  the  lea  wathis  its  Aalb  ; 
and  on  the  other  lide  of  the  bay  there  is  a  deligiutul 
country,  though  wood\'.  <.)n  the  left  tiiere  is  a  ..nali 
arm  of  the  tea,  a:;ii  another  delicate  country  adjoining 
to  It.  I  here  is  a  garden  l.uing  this  calUe,  which  is  thc 
oiiK  phiie  wliereb',  Kii.!  lub  co;umuiiicateil  with  tiie 
mam  land;  o.iU  10  tiie  ielt  ot  the  cattle  there  is  a  row 
ut  houles  leading  to  a  vuia_ie  cilicvl  Hrunl'wick.  Tiii- 
garden  wliicii  ll.unii  along  the  lea-lide,  is  above  ice 
]>aces  broad,  and  coniil'is  ot  a  terrace  walk,  levelled 
with  the  toundation  of  the  calUc,  trom  wlunie  there 
IS  a  del'ceni  to  parterres  lull  oi  all  Ions  ot  liowers,  and 
adornc<l  with  ak'untain  and  wildcrnel's :  .mil  this  K.uls 
lo  other  I'arlerriis,  trom  \v  hence  there  is  a  Imall  nkuu 
10  ar.other  ternue.  It  lurt'i.red  veiv  confiilerablv 
liuring  the  war  be!  veen  Sweden  and  J)enniark.  ;\n 
unlvirlity  w.is  elMbhlhed  here  by  the  iluke  in  1 665, 
whii  h  h.is  had  m.mv  learned  proteliins.  It  is  divided 
into  the  new  and  okl  town  ,  ot  which  the  tornier  is  the 
l.u'gell  and  moll  plealant,  the  Iheets  being  planted  with 
rows  ol  trees.  'Ihe  old  town,  which  is  ,1  lorr  ol  peii- 
iiilrila,  is  loriilied  by  deep  ditches ;  and  there  aie  line 
walks  ot  iiees  on  the  harbour.  'J'liere  is  a  [ulaee  hieing 
the  toun  on  the  north-lide,  liut  it  is  in  very  bad  repair. 
Here  are  leveral  coiiliilci.iL)le  byildings,  particuiailv  a 
huge  church  and  an  holpital,  vvhkli,  belore  the  retor- 
tnatioii,  was  a  hrancilean  luoiiallery. 

■]  he  tiade  ol  this  lovvii  is  not  lu  conliderable  as  it 
vy;is  in  the  time  tit  duke  l''rederick,  who  lent  an  em- 


l.ally  lo  I'cMia  In  1633,  to  iettle  a  conuiiene  witli  thai 
country.  But  it  is  much  enriched  by  us  yearly  fair, 
which  is  kei.t  for  three  weeks  ;ifter  tweifth-day,  and 
fitt|uenteil  by  multitudes  ol  all  ranks,  elj.eciallv'  by 
the  nobiiitv  and  gentry  oi  the  duchies  or  Sielvvic  ami 
Holllein,  who  meet  every  evening  at  a  iioule,  wiie;e 
theie  IS  a  variety  of  gaming;  and  very  otieii  p.irties  are 
made  for  lujiijer,  which  is  g.'iicrally  li)llowed  with  a 
ball.  \'all  lums  ot  money  art  hti-  i.^gociated ;  and 
payments  m;ide  of  lums  contracted  belore-hand,  ;is 
punctually  as  by  an  Amllerdam  banker  upon  tlie  e.\- 
i lunge;  iiilomuch,  that  the  man  who  does  not  j.relervt- 
his  credit  at  this  lair,  is  lookeil  u)x)n  as  a  l..u;k:'upt, 
and  lubie^ned  to  puiiilliment,  bclides  the  Icandtl. 
During  this  lair  Hamh.iiig  looks  like  a  dii.nt,  b..  .u'.c 
everv  bodv  hurrii  .  either  to  pay  their  rents,  to  renew 
their  leaks,  or  to  let  out  money,  <kc.  by  wl:icii  means 
the  town,  vvhiili  at  other  times  e,  but  inconliderable,  is 
lo  full,  th.il  it  is  diiiicult  to  get  lo  lg'rig«. 

The  old  town  is  ki'iarati'ii  tio.n  the  ni  .v  one  by  a  bridge, 
at  tile  LwA  whereol  is  a  draw-bridge  and  gate,  guarded. 

Reiilhurg  is  lituated  near  20  miles  welt  ol  Kiel,  and 
32  lomh-eali  of  I.undeii,  being  near  the  borders  of 
Sleiwic.  It  is  fmall,  but  well  built,  and  very  ilrong, 
having  modern  built  fortilications,  a  capacious  morals 
on  o;.e  tide,  and  a  neat  old  calile,  with  a  round  tower, 
on  the  other.  I'he  town  is  lurrounded  bv  the  river 
h'.vder,  wh:c!i  lorms  two  Imall  lakes,  and  abound  with 
tilh.     It  is  divided  into  the  old  and  new  town. 

W'lliler  is  a  fmall  town  on  a  river  ot  the  lame  name, 
ii\  miles  from  (iiuckiladt. 

Itzehoe  is  a  fmall  town  on  the  river  Stor,  whieh  is 
navigable  trom  thence  to  the  I'.llie.  The  country  from 
hence  to  Hami;urg  is  remarkably  plealant,  and  ex- 
ceeding fertile.  1  he  town  is  divided  into  the  old  and 
new,  the  latter  of  whitli  is  extremely  well  built.  Here 
is  a  Lutheran  nunmry  for  ladies  of  quality,  but  they 
do  not  make  vows,  or  lie  under  thole  rellrictions  which 
are  cullomarv  in  Roman  Catholic  convents.  It  conlills 
ol  an  abbtis  and  19  other  ladie. ,  and  has  the  advovv- 
loii  ot  leveral  churches. 

ISL.-WDS,    COMI'RI-.Hl-NDIVCl    THE    I'RIN'CirAt,  P.VRTS 

an':j  Places  iv  the  DANISH   DOMINIONS. 


W 


L  ani.ex  our  delcription  of  the  loUowing  mlular 
to  the  loiitinental  part.-,  ot  Denmaik,  becaule, 
eollectivelv  coiilidered,  thev  ale  the  leal  ut  regal  and 
kgillative  government,  contain  thie  luetropolis  of  the 
realm,  the  general  .ii\ hives  of  the  nation,  and  are  the 
loiirces  whence  liow  the  chief  political,  civil,  and  cc- 
lieliailical  decrees,  llatutts,  ikc.  Add  to  thele  re.i.ons, 
thev  are  lb  ablolutelv  blended  with,  and  nearly  conti- 
guous to,  the  other  main  jiarts  ot  the  iiati.  :i,  tliai  ir 
would  be  impoiilble  to  delcribe  Dennii'uk  as  a  king- 
dom, without  taking  them  into  particuhir  conlldera- 
tion.  I'he  other  illaiids,  not  lo  immediately  co.ineOteii 
with,  though  fubiect  to,  or  de|)eiidant  on,  Denmark, 
we  lliall  delcribe  m  our  .iccount  of  the  illands  in  thole 
leas,  where  thev  are  relpectively  lituated. 

Hekire  we  entir  into  a  delcription  of  thele  jmrts  of 
the  DanilJ!  nvmarchy.  it  is  nccellaiv  to  pireiiiile  a  tew 
obli.'rvali"ns  conceriiing  the  B.iliic.  'Litis  lea,  or  ra- 
ther inland  gulph,  lituated  between  Denmark,  Sweden, 
(iermany,  and  Rullla,  receives  into  its  bi>li>m  le-veral 
other  guljihs,  particularly  the  gulphs  ot  Fliuand, 
Bothnia,  Livonia,  and  Dant/.ick.  It  is  remarkable  that 
this  lea,  or  gul|>h,  neither  ebbs  nor  Iknvs  ;  and  tiiere  is 
always  a  current  from  it,  that  lets  thiough  the  Sound 
into  ihe  ocean.  It  is  hkewile  generally  fro/en  over 
thiee  or  lour  months  in  the  winter. 

ZLLL.VND,  Zl'lALAND,  or  SKLLAND. 

'V  l.LL.AN  I)  is  the  iiKill  c^tenlive  and  fertile  ifland  of 
^-^  the  Baltic,  and  the  principal  part  ol  the  kingdom 
ol  Denmark.  It  is  bounded  on  the  call  by  the  Sound, 
wliiih  divides  it  from  Schoneii,  and  on  the  well  In  the 
Cfjater   Belt,    which    I'eparates  it  from   luiicu.      The 

illands 


^^1 


' -1  1 
i  .   il 

til 


il 


» ;■ 


•'H 


§ 


i:8 


A  NKW  ASM)  M"!  illNTIC  SYSTl'.M  of  I'NMN  I  R^vAF.  (IF.CKIRAIM  IY, 


l1 

i 

■   'J 

h'^i' 

Mr 

'^1 

''"( m  I . 


I.' 


;    f 
I 


f 


#i 


irtaiuls  of  Moon,  I'.illKr,  aiul  L;\laiiil,  lie  on  tlic 
limtli;  anii  on  tlu-  iiiirtli  ai\-  tin.-  t'aif^r.iti.-  ;in>l  Siliagir- 
rack.  ll  I--  almolk  ot  a  roiiinl  tliiin,  lui.i;;  70  riiil.s  in 
dianiclfi",  and  about  ;co  in  i  in  uiiitk.riiuc.  11. c  land, 
in  general,  is  low,  and  wry  tcrtilt;;  and  it.  woods  tn- 
rclts,  &c.  abound  uitli  eanu  .  'I'lu-  foall  is  indent. d 
\\it!i  iii.iin  i;uli'ir,  b.n  • .  ^;^■^k^,  Ut:.  wiiiili  an-  ot 
jircat  i.oniniiriial  ulc,  .i-.  iluv  atl'ird  many  Iccuro  i,.u- 
boiirs.  I'lic  lea  va|)<iu;>  remUr  llu-  airthiik,  but  not 
lin\v!;i>iroiiu-,  as  tlii'  jao)  le  Ikiv,  in  i^en'-ral,  live  to  a 
vi-r\  old  ai;f;  but  liny  ;'.:\  i.uil,  dilpiriiei!,  and  in- 
a.:tive.  Zcal.iiul  is  ili\i,kd  i;it>i  ;'j  bai'iwiiks,  talleil 
lierrits  and    ilicli-  cor.i.vii    y/i    paiidv^  witii   lev-ial 


lo-.\i>,  ^.e. 


Ot    tl\U 


ir;a- 


conliJev.-. 
cipal  is 

Co|'cnliag,cn,  the  ea]iial  ot  the  ulio'ie  kingdom. 
Tliis  eitv  takes  its  name  troni  I'.ii-  comiiioil;<  ulnels  ot 
its  port;  lor  till-  word  illelt  li;;uir.cs,  'Zi'if  .\/<T(7v.'«/V 
Perl  or  lliiicu.  It  is  fituaied  on  tlie  ea'.lern  lliore  ot 
Zeelaiul,  upon  a  line  bav  ot  the  H.dtic,  near  tlie  ibait 
called  the  .Sound,  in  55  deg.  40  mm.  north  Lit.  and 
12  ileg.  ^6  min.  call  loin;. 

Cojienl.aL;en  was  ongmallv  a  mean  little  v;l!;ipe  ot 
tilliei!i:en'-  hut;,  which.,  bv  th.e  :'.ri;!iance  i:t  th.e  billvips 
11}  Roiiiiiid,  j;r.iiluallv  role  to  be  a  conliderable  toun, 
and  at  leni;tli  \\as  deJ.ared  a  lity,  and  made  the 
ro^al  !cat  ot  the  Dainlii  lov,  reiiTiS.  Ire  lioiiles  were 
tonncrly  ot  wooii;  but  in  the  \e:'.r  lyiS,  almotl  tlie 
whole  eii\  was  reduceii  to  alius  in  lire;  anil  lince  that 
time  it  lla^  bn.n  more  lumpiuoutb  an.l  lecureK  biii't  ot 
tr..'-ltoi!e.  "I'iic  ircn  reigai;!^:,  kii'.i;  exhaul'ted  inimenl'e 
treaUneh  to  cr.^rr  a  lupetb  ]i.iiaee;  and  the  town  is  cm 
beUilheil  wuh  eii.>_,.int  lioulis,  beloiyj,in.;  to  the  ntib.i- 
lilV.  Il'..l:'.^  r.".ai:r,:rui.;u  diurclie  ,  and  other  elc;j,ant 
pui'lic  ciiil.a'-.  An  ini:ui:i  us  }.h  litiuiian,  lio\ve\cr, 
who '..:■.;  vcr\  l:itei\  in  ili.s  iii\,  V.w-,  "  to  tew  pertons 
\iiit  ihis  i:;etroj  oils,  or  i.ir._i;<.liin,  Irom  motives  ot 
turi(-;:tv,  that  they  are  cuite  lurj.ri/.ed  when  1  allure 
thcni  I  li.i^e  no  lort  ot  burinel--  here,  and  am  only  cm- 
1  loved  in  the  learcli  ot  kiiowlciige.  '1  h.ere  is  no  t..ce 
(5t' indultr\ or  bulincl'.  h.crc;  ami  C'oi)enh.igen,  thout;h 
one  ot  the  linell  |)ori^  in  the  worlil,  can  boall  ot  little 
tomiiicrce.  'I'he  |>ubiic  places  are  tilled  with  olFicers, 
cither  in  the  l.ind  t-M"  tea  lcr\ice;  and  iiie\  api'car  to 
cijiillitirU-  lhue-K.uil!.L  et  the  .•.udi.'iite,  both  at  the 
comeily  ard  "he  ojicia.  The  ni.mber  ut  tories  are 
indeed  iiiuch  loo  large  tor  this  little  kinndc'ni.  They 
tan  boat! ,  11  is  trui,  a  \all  cMwiit  cl  dominion;  b.ut 
i/iuhat  imj.ortance  are  the  baiien  and  almotl  uninha- 
biti.d  r.'.i'Ui'.i.iins  ot  N'orw.iy  and  i  a]  lainl,  ibtUliing 
t'lthe  i  .le,  (.r  i!ie  |)i.;;nb  ot  keiaiui,  wiieie  the  mliabi- 
t.mts  iue  Jet,  and  will  jiropabiy  i.\er  reii.;im,  in  the 
moll  j.rolouiid  luibarilmr  '1  heirilominio.'.s  in  1  iolllein 
are  b\  f.'.r  the  rv.ull  rieli,  and  turnilli  a  la,'y,e  1  art  ol  the 
r. ixal  i\  venue.  'I'lure  :'.,etl  ,  indeed,  no  '.Iront'.er 
pro'jt  ot  th.e  povettv  ot  the  km;;dom,  than  the  tiaivity 
ot'  ipetie.  1  !;.i\e  teen  no  ;^o!d,  and  hardly  an}  I'.iVer. 
'I  lu\'  \K\\  evciy  thing  in  [  aj  er ;  ami  it  \ou  lole  a 
lingk:  doil.u"  at  tlic  caid-tabit,  or  the  billiard-table,  it 
i" '.',iven  in  a  bill."  The  i\i.eil-n>\  c-t  th.e  haibouris 
oAing  to  the  ilhiiHi  ot  Amack,  which  breaks  ott"  tlie 
wave-,  ;ind  lliclter:.  t.-oni  the  lurge  ot  the  lea.  Here 
Itanb  the  arelenal,  tlic  c.wiiang-:,  tiie  lallle,  ami  the 
mint,  w:iii  about  500  liouli..,  ki.own  bv  the  name  ot 
the  N' w  'I'own.  1  he  whole  eiiy  i.t  Cojicnhagen  is 
al)<)ul  ;i'>e  iriile.i  in  enxiimtere.nee.  it  In  s  very  low; 
but  ihete  i-.  .1  tiling  grouiid  within  about  h.ilt  a  league 
ol  II,  ai'.d  l.'.o  •!!  three  little  hills  that  cover  it  on  the 
welt-ll'le,  lr(in  wluntc  the  iit\'  may  e.ilily  be  bn:;.- 
barded.  It  ha-  a  \er\  regular  uta.lel  on  the  north  and 
north-Well,  built  on  tiie  lliore,  uitli  levei.d  line  baJii- 
ons,  wit!!  ravelins  of  i.uih,  wvl!  ll.ind  with  laiinon, 
ami  p'aliila.'Oeii.  'lin  other  hlis  me  ot  more  diliicuit 
accels.  bv  r^alon  r;  K.:r!li'  .  Ihere  are  liveral  royal 
baltloiif, 'villi  ravelins  betou  iliL  cmialiis  which  reach 
from  theiilatiel  \o  the  le'Uih  p.  'I,  and  eontiiuic  bc\ond 
the  arm  ot  the  li.i,  wha  h  l>.jarate.i  Z'.eland  Iruin 
Aiuack.     A  circuit  cl  lortiticatioii-,  coiililUii^  ot  ci^^lit 


royal  ballioii';,  and  a  raxelin,  endolis  the  new  rin-,  f!ie 
port  and  iK-et,  ami  taces  the  tulbooth,  or  culh  n;- 
lioiili'  battery,  .vhuli  leciircs  the  entry  into  the  i.in.n. 
'I'lieie  toftilicatioivs  m.ikc  the  city  ot  a  i-uuiid  lomi. 
'I'he  luniles,  which  are  not  above  7000  in  number,  do 
not  take  up  above  halt' the  ground  cncloled.  The  en- 
trance into  the  harbuur  is  lo  narrow,  that  one  Ihip 
onl\  c.in  pals  ai  a  time;  aiul  this  entraiue  is  llmt  up 
every  night  with  a  llrong  b.ioii.  The  eiladel  on  ohe 
lide,  and  a  g.-'^'d  block-houle,  well  turnilhed  with 
cannon,  on  tte  other,  nMrmand  the  mouth  ot'  it. 
Withi.l  this  |i,i\^n  rales  the  roval  nav\ ,  every  llim 
iuaving  its  place  alliL;ned  to  ii.  A  wooden  galliry 
ranges  round  the  uhulc  enclofure  where  the  lleet  lies, 
ami  is  laiil  o\er  th.e  water  in  liich  a  manner,  that  all  the 
ihips  may  be  viewetl  mar  at  han.l,  as  eali!\  and  i()in- 
modioiiily  as  il'tluv  lay  on  dry  land.  Thi^  lurb-mr  u 
capacious  enough  to  hold  500  tail,  «heie  ihuIat  ti.e 
wind  or  the  enemy  laii  do  them  the  leal!  imkliiet. 
The  road  without  is  very  g.;cd  and  li.te,  lieing  tenced 
trom  the  leu  with  a  l.irge  l.uul-baiik,  on  the  points  ot 
whieli  are  always  two  buo^^  (hating  to  liirecl.  ail  llnji^ 
tii.it  come  in  or  go  out.  \  iere  are  no  tides  to  t.ar,  .ind 
there  is  always  a  liiliieicnt  de|.'lh  ot  w.uer.  Se'iiu'tiinr, 
indeed,  accoidiiig  as  the  wind  blows  in  or  out  ol  the 
Baltic,  tlure  he-.,  a  cuirent;  but  it  is  neither  tiei;iient 
or  dangen.'U'.. 

The  itlanil  of  Amack  lies  call  fri>;n  the  ciiv  i>f  Co- 
penhagen, on  the  other  lide  of  th.e  haven,  and  is  lalkd 
the  (iarden  ot  Copenhagen.  It  isalmoll  ot  an  oval  torai, 
and  was  eliiellv  |)laiited  by  Hollanders  lent  th.iiher  hv 
Mirgarei,  diuhels  ol  Savov,  and  governcis  of  the  Low 
Countries,  at  the  deliie  ot  Chrillian  II.  who  had  mar- 
ried her  nieie,  filler  to  Ch.iiies  \'.  emperor  <;f  (nr- 
m:'.n\ .  Hewilhed  that  liis  i.uien  might  liavo  pull'e, 
ami  oilier  ganlen-llutf,  pl.inled  there,  which  none 
knew  li)  well  how  to  cultivate  as  the  1  lollande.s  Halt 
the  itland  was  granted  to  them,  and  keep^  to  this  d.iv 
th.e  n.ame  of  I  luilandelby.  They  Hill  rel.iin  the  I^ukli 
talhioiiv,  ami  kipplv  Copeiih.igeii  with  milk,  butler, 
and  eheele.  The  other  halt  ot  the  illand  is  inhabited 
by  Danes.  Buides  pulte,  anil  vlWv  truit,  which  this 
illand  produces,  here  is  alio  |)k'ntv  ot  wh.eat,  barlev, 
and  oats.  It  alii)  jiroduces  abundan.e  ot'  hares.  The 
inhabitants  are  indullnous,  and  their  houles  neat  an.l 
cleanly. 

i  lere  is  a  place  whiih  ai)]iroaches  nearer  l.i 
the  nature  ot  a  circus  than  a  kiua."c.  f'.ach  Ink-  !j 
torniid  ot  onlv  one  lin;;le  palace;  and  in  th.e  center  i> 
an  equeilrian  lUiiue  in  bror./.e,  ot  king  krederick  the 
hitih.  This  j.lacc  has  a  goiKl  etlect,  and  is  iiiuki 
uiDie  liandloiue  than  the  I'laee  de  N'ie'toires  at  I'ar; 
'1  iiere  k  a  tine  coUeiiion  ut  paintings  in  one  ot  iluk 
palace  ,  I'.ml  a  very  curious  private  tiiukiim  in  anotlm. 
Iki!  the  grealell  luricihlies,  natuiai  ar.d  aitilicial,  h(  ih 
t(;r  varieis  and  iiiiriniu:  \akie,  are  jTelerveil  in  tht 
Royal  Muleiim,  m  ei^lit  ihambers,  erected  over  the 
king's  hln'arv.  'I  lie  i  hamb.  r  ,  or  a;  .inineiiis,  arc 
large  and  well  lurnilhed.  C)m  *■!  theie  io.,ms  1. 
whiilly  t,:ken  up  with  iiadals  ;inti'.|iie  and  nvKlir:., 
eaili  tort  being  I- e|  t  bv  thiililekes  and  \ery  liaii..;- 
outly  arranged;  and  in  a  k|  arate  cale  are  coi.iaai^ii 
the  I'adu.Uis  and  other  couiiiirkit  mid.ik,  whicli, 
in  workmanlliiii,  lo  mailv  relin.ble  the  true  Ciieci:in 
and  Riiman  aiilii]iiitie'-,  that  a  gotxl  judge  tan  Icar  ■  ■. 
tiili:i;L:uilli  th.eiii  licm  originals.  'I'lie  leries  ,it  i:..' 
modern  medals  ot  iuiropean  naiiiais  are  abklntu 
complete,  and  thole  ot  each  nation  kept  diUniet.  1  krc 
it  is  proj-er  ll.)  ohierxe,  byway  ol  e\|  lanaih'ii,  th.:t  .1 
I'.ulu.in,  amongll  ir.edalills,  i'  a  modern  medal  Ihiu'.^ 
with  ail  the  marks  ami  charaelers  i>t  aiiiiijuiiv.  ill- 
name  is  taken  l:i>ni  a  famou.  Italian  ( ainter,  i.i;.i.l 
the  I'aduaii,  Iroiii  I'ailua,  ihe  |ilace  ot  Ins  biiih,  ui,  > 
fucceeiled  lo  well  in  the  cheat,  that  the  bcli  iiulges  a:e 
.it  a  lok  to  (lillinguilli  liis  niedak  trom  tiiole  which  are 
really  anlitjue. 

/\mongll   the    natural    turioliiies    prelerveii    in  tl.e 
cluuibcrs   one  ul    tlic   moll,  rtmarkable  i;,  a  |eiin..  1 

tl.hJ. 


API  lY. 

cloli-  tlu-  new  (in  ,  t'\e 
tollnKiili,   or    culK  '1'.- 
10  entry  iiiti)  il^e  1m-,. ii. 
city  ot   ii  ruiiml  loio. 
)\c  "COO  ill  r.'.iinlxr,  lio 
i!nl  likIoIciI.      Tlif  tii- 
niirrow,    tluit  (nit  Ihip 
his  iiiti:iiui  !■•    lluit  u|) 
11.     '1  Ik-  cii;nli.l  OP  Diio 
e,    well    turiullied    with 
laiiil    the    iiKHith    nt'   it. 
riiviil    iv.uy,  every  liip 
it.      A    wcH.Je'i  galUry 
me   where   tlie   tleet  lies, 
ih  II  Mianiier,  that  all  tl.c 
kUi.i,  as  e.iliK    and  loni- 
V  land.      Thi>  harlvnir  h 
)  1;.;1,   where   mither  tl.e 
iheiu   the   le.'.(l   ir.iKliict. 
.1  and  I'.-.te,  being  lenced 
l-lmnk,  on  the  i^Mits  ■>{ 
uating  to  liired  ail  lllll'^ 
X  are  no  tide'-  li)  tv'ar,  .md 
th  ot  w.'.ier.     Sonietiine-, 
il  blows   in  or  out  ot  the 
_iut   it   is  neither  tiec;uent 

call  troiii   tlie  eiiv  ot  t'o- 
)f"  tl'.e  haven,  and  is  ealkd 
I  isalnioll  ot  an  ovaltorm, 
lollanders  lent  thither  by 
and  tjowrnel^  ot'  the  Low 
hrillian  11.  v^lio  had  iii;'.r- 
iiles   \.    emi'eror   <;t   da- 
iiucen  might  have  pulic, 
mied    there,    which    none 
J  as  the  Hollande.-.     Halt 
in,  and  keep--  to  this  day 
1  ley  Itiil  retain  the  DutJi 
liageii    with    milk,   butler, 
orihe  iflaiid  is   inhabited 

I   ether   truit,  w  hieh  ihi-. 

pL'ntv  ot   wheat,  badev, 
)unda;'..\:  ot    hares.     The 

nd  their  houles  neat  an  1 


li     ainiroaelies     nearer    ti> 
a  l.|ii;i:e.      Kaeh  tide  \> 
lee;  and  in   ih.e  center  i. 
1-,   (,t  kif.y,  hrederiek  the 

.roml  etl'e.-t,^  and  is  inuii 
aee  de  \'ictoires  ;'.t  I'ar;-  - 
a;nlini^s  in  one  ot  llulc 
ri\aie  n.utLum  in  anollu:, 
i.itu.al  aivl  uitil.eiai,  h' in 
ic,  are  i-reievveil  m  t;^ 
..r.ibers,  e'.e^led  over  tie 
..  p,    or   a;  armieiits,  are 

OliL      >.i     ti.e'.e      roolln   1' 
.il-,    aiiliviue  and   nvKier:., 
imle'ises,  and    \ery   w.dw'-- 
1  arate  <ale  are  eo!.ia:n.d 
ur,ii.rU.i    iiRd.il-,    whiJi, 
relenible  the   true  (.leer.ui 
;i  oiiod  judge  can  Icar.'  ■■ 
inah.       '1  lie    kries  _;)t  t:..' 
in    naiions    are    ahlejluiuv 
nation  kept  didinet.     lUrc 
way   ol  e\|  laiKui>'n,  th.'.i  a 
i-  a  iiuderii  medal   U;u'^ 
iraLlers  ol  anlleiUi'.^■      i  i'-' 
lou.  Italian  (aiuter.  i.;;.i.l 
he   jilaet  t)f  hi.-,   blith,  \vi  > 
U,  that  the  belL    ukUV.s  a:e 
ledal-  tnmi  U\u\r  whicii  arc 


.uriolities    preferved    in  t..e 
I  lein.jkable  i:-  a  jetni-i 
il.hJ. 


Fi'!iorr.] 


n   r,   N  M   A   n   i: 


Cy) 


It  wa:i  cut  out  (if  the  motlicr's  hi  lly  at  Si  v,  ^    tained  each  of  thcni  nirrtc  afii.\i  of  a 


in  CIiaiii|ia;^iie,    in  the   year   i^->i. 


aster   li  ivni 


t'.iere 


bet 


ween  10  aiu 


lain 


,iiKl  tli.it  It  is  a  liii- 


■ri 


prry 


Hi   cole 


le  !are,elt  ol  tliein  \vei:;lis  two  nuiie,..s  .uid  a  i.il: 


the  others   t 


WD  ounees  ami   a   ili.i  u. 


I 


lev    ;ire   e^- 


innil    lietus.   aiul    not    aililieial,   is  tvidi'it   hiwiiul  all  inmely  thin,  aiul   each  li.is  three   li!..',;  ot    u"'d  ah   lit 

liiljuili-.        It.,    Ik-.kI,    Ihuiil  !ers,    and    hilly,    arc    (.1    a  its  neeli,  with  i'everal  eirele-;  e.irv.il  ii;)i.ii  in,_-  nirhde  ot" 
whililli  eol.iui',  and  very  iiuieh  rt  leinhle  alah.iller  ;   the  '    the  urn,  having  one  coniiiioM  c-nur.      '1:.;-,  ililiov-ery 

bael:  and  I  'ins  are  roiiiewh.it   br<i\vn  and  h.ud'-r  j  hut,  coi.linn.',  llie  aeeount.s  ;;ivi'ii  In-   vari.iii,  writ  -r.,,  t:,,u  it 

from  die  hips  dowiiward>!,   it  is  ol  a  red  eoli.iir,  and  as  w.is  an  ancient  eulloni  ainoii'j;  ilie   iio'il'vm  ii.;;,.,!,,  Ui 

iuird  I's   p-rlect   (tone  can   be,    exaclly   n  renihliiij;  the  burn  tlu  ir  dead,   and    tlun   buiy    th,.ir  eollc'.leJ  aihei 

iiard  Hit  ot'  Hones   irener.ited   in  the  bladdir.     Tins  in  f;oKI,ii  urns. 

iiesii^,  al'ti  ;•  it  was  t.iken   tioni   the   iimthi  r,   v.a^   lull  I  iieie  is  another  repiihhr.,1  inn  (ilMnyll.i!,  nla  ■.'^■fii- 

cinii-d   to    Puis,    where   it   was   I..K1   to  ;i    jewlh.r  ct  e.il   li;'ure,   whiih   h.is  alTo  .i  en!.!  ii   lii:;.'  ai.oLit  it,  .mi 

Vetrie,    wl..>    liappened   to   he    iher  •,    h-r    .;U.  at    :    1.  wa .  loiiiid  n  ai   lkM>',en  in  Norw.iw 


Ihrliii,;;     ol    wl,.iiii    it    w.ii    aUerw.io 


I  ill  le  are  likewile  in  this  eulinlion   O'Veral  v  l:',!s  (jf 


lieJeriek   III.   kii;;.;  ul   Ueinnaik,  ler  (,..l.  ai.d   addid    i   diii'eretit    (izes,   loine   ol     fj.il'..    ai:d    others    ot    earth, 
to  this  Culli'eli  ,;■..  I   which    are  e. died   laeliryinal    urns,    or   1  lehrv  n;.itMii.N, 


111  one  e.l   the  eli.,inbers  are'  to  bo  rein  two  i  lephanu       beiii'^  uled  by  the  nneii-nt  I'loii.ans  to  calei:  tl 


t-e;;i,    eaea    ■.mivJi. 


an    ninuiree 


1    and    i: 


.t 


.V   pouiuls, 


Irell  were   ihi;.;  oat  ol  a  U'lie  ipiarrv  in  S.i.voiis 


wce|-.in;.;  trii-tids,  whieh  Were  ulterwards  ii.i.\ed  uitl 
ilhes  ol  the  decealed. 


In  thi.i  line  c 


t,.ete  a.e  lever, 


1" 


We  lliall   coneln  !e  our  aceoiint  ot    tlii;  eel  hr:ited 


f.t  lib.r  ore,  du;:;  out  ot  the  iniii'.-  ol' Norway  in  i6i,6,       nuirc-uin   witli  a  ilelerip'.ik-n  ol   the  Daidlii  .iiul   Ol.leii- 


or.e  <■!  V. .lie  1  w 


ei^liN  46  J  p.unuls,  aiul  is  valaed  at 


Anoti-.er  1' eee,  roiiRwhat   hi-,  is  v.nue.l  at        ii.e  Daiii'li  horn  is  ol  puie  f;ol.!,  we 


in;;   iionr,  two  euruilitus  wlnrh  a''e  <>really  aoiiiirei. 

IltIis  an  liundr. 


uwic  tiiaii   -i'.oc 


\.'i\i    beiir-    I'o   riea,    tl;;it    th;  v 


two  ounces  aiKl  an  lia!!,    k  f.vo  li  1 1  nine  iik  I 


:kone 


li  to  conrain  at  le 


Il  t! 


I, 


1 


u  V 


OUT,   and   holds  abe.ut    l\ 


are  e  nnpilej  o 


t   aw: 


:r,i  II 


one,  t  le  crai  ks  cr  e.iv- 


T:,is    1 


lorn    was    aeeidi  tuallv    dii'e.A'er 


i]li.irts    ot    wire   in; 


eil    in    t;ie    vear 


ill  I. 


■  t  le;  ai  to  he  ti!!;\l  with  pure  vir;;in  t'lver,  v. 'e:  ii, 


■)  ,0,  nv  a 


lies  ill  broad  ll  it 
line   til 


p. ale-,   ;..,,!  in 
ut   w  II  ;t   i.   in 


n;i.  J 


I'.ieeis  ot  eire,  are  the-  threa.l  .  or  hraiie'.e-; 
!i  ;hc>.  t   e.iit  an   iiu'liorlwo  hc\  oiid   the 


ciHintry  j; 
iii;i.in,l,  ,v.]d  i.s  un  '■•111 
i.\'  t!..'  li  ures 
I  '■   h;   ro';!vn'. 


irl,  in  til'-   iiiee;le  o 


r  r, 


111 


IV  .1  '.>■•  ee  o 


I  L're 


.1;  aiitii'mtv, 


earveU  on   t  le  < 


u  (1.: 


|.'.   W"  ell    le. 


1    I        i.ijiie. 


ti;  ■    tc  ;in   ■  1    lin  i:l       tl 


eveial 


ken  ainoii'j 


oiii'  r  r;i:  iiie  • 
lil\er  ore  J   ore' 


!    t  :  1      K . ! 
,v.d  ill  ti 


r  lenu'.ili 


I'uiti'  ;iii. 


we' 


,  i^'..-.  It  ':■  likely  that  I'leie  ol  thet'c 
''.::u,!   to  ri )!;;:'; -It  thc'r  ;V;tl'^:    :;:'.l 

'i.i'lv  iri-J  III  I'l'-iitiee.-',  as  anv.;; .;  ti  .i 
i,  aiul  i->:;ier  1.  itioti  ,  wh.o,  upir.  In.  !i 
e  a  ;;reat  nolle   v  i;li   hore.:   am!    tru:n- 

lieni   10  i'.in;k  cut   oi   at  the'r   loleii-.tl 


llo  leveral  lar 


■■(■  i^iece.-.   of  amber,   i'vr.e       en;   ■•..'.ii 


m:eiirs 


wliieli.  Hi  on   oil.  i.;n  :   t. 


T!:e  O!  l.'nburiT  !:;irn  i>  of 


eit\,   were  I,ui. 


UlL 


(liieiies    i..-.>iit    C"i  penhai;eii,    when    tl.ev    tuvtiiud    l/.e       UlilIis  about  I'ur  ]i;iiind-.   and  i^eniiiiitlv   en.un. -llej 

'Il  U  -'.  Tile  1  "■  r  ;lli  ;::i;iiju  i- 
^  lioriis  i,l  thi^  i:orn,  whieli 
aiul  a-,  to  wh.;t  tin  \   t'.  v  (d   its 


ill,'  tl)  the  lilies  Ol'   lihl  tiee;  tli.it       wuli   'rem  a-'d  inir 


ri-   buiiid  there,   like  the-  I'uin  on  the  plum-tree;,  in       r',,s   lel.ite   tnanv   l.iluile 


O'.ir  :,. nil  I, 


aie  not  woitli  ii.nialiii 


III  the  lame  ch.iniber  arc  a  ur'.at  inar.v  laru*  brriiieln  s       beiir'  <'iven  to  v  tl 


o.  i.r.i   o 


I   Ol 


111  tlie  vear 


cl    isiiite   L.iul  \\  A  eor.d,    and 


it 


a       ijSj,  it  is  plain  it  ce.niiot  he  ol  th.ii  il.it  ,   l.^r  the  I;  ;ure: 


jiiirol  Ita^  s  horns  ;.;row  111;.^  o'at  ol  a  piece  ol  v.ooil  :,i  a       ami   cliara,.ters  on   tiie   oirli, 
hirprii'.iii.;  maimer. 


;-e    ■:  I  ,'ern  ;     w  liii  ii, 
however,  with    tlie  i  ii  inn  lliie.r,  and  otlar  or.i.imen; ■:, 


I  lire  i,  .1  hn.nail  ihi.'ii  bone  tiuee  teet  three   inehe,;       are  ol  ixe-lieiu   W'lihiiialilhip,   aiii.1  ii..;ke  it  a  \er 


ai.l  tWv'  verv 


i.n-.  e   teolla.  Ihed- 


tlirei;  ^.i'Imis  e.ieh,  and  wei;4hin^.;   ; -•  \.  |". 


.111;  al'  alt        iilkl  \ain,ilue  eiiriiilit\, 
s   a   pi.ee.  An   nu'ciii,  u.^,   tra\i 


•{■|  i-te   w 


br   u^iht   Iroin  the   I'.iiit   lll'lle.^  ;   and,  it  is       lb  1.  nlune:,    in   this  eit\,    I'.us,    it 


the  palace  c^t 
uas   eoi:llriicted   by 


hill  lliiv  liil.ii:.,  to  is  ol    Ineh  tireiij;tli,  that  il       our  hmioiis  lni;.^o  Joiiis,   m-.d  liaiids  in  tl.e  middle  ot  a 


a  man  li  ipneii^  t  1 


l\l^  arm  or 


hi 


n  the  Ihelli    ,   hi 


den.       It   is  l.nall 


aiul  at   pre  lent   very   little" 


when  tluv  open,  it  el  .ps  tliein  to;.-ither  lo  toreibly  as  to    '  uled  by   the  kini;-,  in  royal   I'amilv.       I  here  is  an  air  ot" 


rut  the  liiiib  I 


;intiiiuity  in  all  the  ajvirtiiients,  t.i|'eilrv,  ar.d  knniuui 


A   piece  ot    ii'..i:hie   i.   prelervi  d    in    ihi.;    eolliitioii,       which    is   not  ihrplctiiicf,    and    inpnlhs   with   reipret. 


Il  t:.e  l.iu 


n   1  verv  v.ilu.i 


finiolitv, 


tlie  natur.il  w  i.s  ot  the  liof.e  runniii';  in  Ineh  a  i.ianne; 


i 

till 


le  "rand  l.ila,   or  diniii"   roo  ■    m  pnieiil.U',   1,  111  tin; 


li 


e  lianunu's,  winch   ar;-   not   ill-exfeufeJ,   ri 


uS  .  )  n  j  1' feiit  :!ie  cn.kI  li;,ii.e  nl   a  criieilix.     Sum;-,       jir,  lent  the  various  aclions  by   te.i  and  land,   whehdi- 
i'   '.    d,   l.r,  .•  liilp;  ae.l  the   ri  pnl'i  ntation  to  have  been       v.  rinied    the    aneictU   laws    b,l«een    the    .Swides    anj 
I' 
to! 


bur,    ep,  ,1   i'..-  i.iei  ,1   examination,  it  t.ppears       D.inis,  who  reein  alw.ivs  to  have   had  the  l.ime   riv.il- 
.i.e'v  I'.e  V.  1!,  i.r  1,  itiiie.  '    lliii)  and    animoliiv  wl,ii.li  the  I'reneh  and  l-'.iiij,lilh  are 


.\inoi,i_;  tl-,'  ,r.;;::.i.  I   emiiili;ies    ther;'   is  a    llsLleton   ,    ihUin;.::uilhed   for,   and   whieh,   'tis    probable,  they  will 


np  and    animoliiy  wl,ii.li  the   Ireneli  aiii! 
I 


Pi'i.le  ft    i\ 


I'.K   iiielu-    h:jh.   in  i:iiit.i;ion       ever,    in  lome   dc' 


rec,    ntani. 


At 


d    ol    ti 


<i    uin  I  111 


It  i^  III  nil  I  iy  lorm 


I  ll  :md  ]nit  to-       ;;r.i:ia  ap,ntinen 


t  are  three  lilver  lii 


ions  as   larire  as  lit 


i,.d.i  r,  th..t  It  m  i\  1..'  e,ni!y  t.d-.eii  lor  .1  natu.il 


w  ho  teem,  hv 


the  le 


1 


■1  >■  are   li.veu  ile  two  er 


wliie  iiiili.rv  ll   I'ur  S.;M"iir  .,  p.iilar,,  beautiiuily  ex- 


iieilixes  ol   norv,  an 
b; 


erocity  and  rudenels  ol  their  apjiear- 
anee,  delii.;tied  to  ch.ar.ideiize  the  aue  and  nation  in 
wliieiithey  were  rati.     Here  are  levir.d  cihinets  li'!l  ot 


p. I  .1,.  in  a  pi 


e.nvi  it  uoil 


em  1' ins  rarities, 


wiii.'Ii  th;'  variiHls   I  i\i 


■,ns  ol    IJeii- 


.\ 


ii,.in  111    war  1:1  uor 


rv,  with  Idver  r:uiis,  is  a       111. ;rk  luue  I'ue'eclliveiv  collected  and  lelt  to  their  p  ille- 


i    r   oiv   mill  ll  ailiiure. 


as   is  iillo  il  wat 


di  made  ol       rii\-.      Many  ol  them  are  intrinlieally  vabiahle,  oiiier.s 


111  'x .  y.itli 


it:>  \>  luel.,  ,uiil  iiiiivenien 


onl\ 


iirelerved  Iroin  tome  event  or  aecidt  nt  coiuu  etee 


li.eie  tli^ 


are  m,iiiv  other  i  iiiioli:ies  in  ivorv,    1  v,\-A\   them. 


fi'i-ry,   L),-,x,    a'li 
kept  t; 


.uul   other   in  ,::  li.il 
ik 


wlii;-li  are 
llrn.    'I 


(diriltiiin  l\ 


^  the  hilt   is   a   laddie,  on  which 
lort  ol   triumphal  entry  into  Co- 


i^  ll! 


pt  tor  the  lake  01  their  (lej;;nit  woikimiiillrp.    There    '  p;'nha;;en.     It   is  covered   with   pearls,  ih,im''iKls,   ;inc 


i!,;w;ii;a  eominon  elien  v-lloiie,    on  tlie    liirlaee  o 


I    I  oth 


\\it:d\    are   tiieaav. 


lieaib,    hilt    thiir   tii.alh 


ler  preeiiuis  llunes  ;   aiul  tlic  Ipin  s  a 


1  tlr 


ii.iieil  wall   [ewi  I 


lie  coat   worn  hv  t;ie  Kin-. 


mil 


.  s  them  appcir  iiniier 


led 


onliire 


lit    helinet  on  the  lame  occaliois    are  hive 


W:le    co- 


riiev  pn  I'erve  likewi 


Willi   erii't 


In    tliis   royal   ripolitorv  are    ii.x  golden   re]ntlehr,il       vered  with  pearl 
urns,  which  were  loiind  in  the  ilkind  ol  l''unen  in  id;.-!;;,       eare,    a    h.iiulkerehiel  ol    this    |iriiie. 
by  a  peai'ant,  as  he  was  [iloui^hinj;-  his  land,  and  con-  ,,  blooJ  Iroin  a  wound  wliieh  he  rcceii^d  by  a  b,dl,  th,  t 


ilviit   with    Ins 


iSO. 


7    U 


ilerii\eil 


i*ijl 


'Ml 


lii 


iii.« 


■I'  iij 


11 


fc^ 


I 


■'l< 


'Nil 


4 


>4' 


li 


633 

ik-priv'.M 

us    lllCWi. 


A  M".\\' 


'.Unr.NTIC  .^VS'llM  or  rNIVI,R-:.\!.  CIXXiHAl'l  1 


,1  liiiiA  of  nil  c\v.     The  iiu'.n  ss!'i  ;\'.\  •■ir.' ni 


il  inc.  w'uli  I 


■Hllt.U 


loll  in  Ills  i'iiiii;i  ii.iii. 


V   .!>   I   I'.ilt 

i..itl,'.n\! 


(Vrr.l  .t   Ch.ulis   \I1.  ol   >v 


U 


it  t 


iu;i  a       1. 


.1  ..t  Cruncnli' 


•:.   1!.  (.1   Ik' 


lii.it 


,ii.i.l   I' 


Mill.   I..nsi: 

:r.c  til   U.i;    t()\\i\    ic  (■   ;ii. 


1\\>  !vl  as  fudi  :i  inoiMi.-li   i;i.iv    l.'   In.-p.'i;,!    1>)  l;;,u'       ]v  'in,!  Ii.i-  ilic 'tii.  :>.ai,  ir.;,!.  r  tlif  I'cii.ilty  ot  i 

11,  li.jiii  ui'  V.  .!•;  luir.'i'.r.i 
W 


ii'dino  tliv'  ni'.aiu 


111  .1,   ai.ii  Wiiilil  v.vil  11 

i;iJ   ::\,  (.NiiiCfs    Iin   llri.ii,L-;ii    ..' 
boviv,  h)  its   I 

kit  li.ni;',  .\iul  h<Kh  tlic  hill  ,iiul 
pollil  ot  hr.i 


,1  I..U 


llii'   Nl 


i-l    \'u'i.riiii>   tr.nv 


I/,  ■  .iii'l  W',-i;.'i.:  :   t  .0  1  '.uU-  i>  .It  iv  .'•! 
,  11  lit  .111  iiiiinlx 


n:u!iT  t;;f  '.(.i-.u  <>\  l.liiif.i.m  l\ .  -.iii 


1  111-  j;,irilcn':  ..!'  tlii:  |il  v.-  conili'iit.'  oi:  •  o'  I. 
tlivfirh-ii..  iM  ih''^  C!tv,  l!^  tlH  y  .:rc  :i!\v.i\-  <  n.  ii. 
tc?lti\,il-  (.i-  >uiu!.iv<  iir.iiil.  K.'.  w'r.];  ifU\\y.iU\.       1    ly  ;',vc 


r.,,:i.ii,..      I':;.' 

tiiilt.iMi  ,    Li: 

If. 

In   i!,L-  tr. 


dlllV    Willi 


1. 


,iit   ;i!!  (    w  i!!i    tilr-:i  ik   tn>   i    |, 
li   (  ' 


cit\    lu.i.i-' 


\i;iV    UilU'li    \. 


.1  c 


I  *. 


.11   i;l   I' 


r>  .11  1  ..ii.'  :   I  1 
f.  t:  r  i  '  1,   , 

■1  ill-    V         .1    ■ 


l;i 


luit   n  t 


,1  cut   ^^,;il  t..il. ,    nr  :ul(  ;  in 


;ii.v  pu'..iKUiins  I'l    ;ii! 


H 


I  r.-u:.  •  \.;r.'H 


;ll 


'-.iL-   li.itl;.-  on 
N.vni... 


a    w.lh        ll; 

a 


r  ...  .■   v\ 

ill^  1'  111'. 


v'l  1.  .1  .11. 


■\     II.' 


1  .in  111 


lUi-    1' 

!  .Il.,i, 


i;','   cxci'i'ii ll  I'l       w.t.-  <■'■■  I.,"!  I 


I  !'U  lu- 


ll ir.  Ill'  iiiiu.  1  ll  \  •  I 


Ui'i  .1  it.i 


niun  1'  .1    1  .iitiii',   r. 


a    it    Iroin  lii 


111 


T.i'v  i,l  (lie  \vi'nt''.ir.     ■]  ^^   N  el  It.ili.iii  u.)iLi;.,iiiliii| 


11, 


■t'  I. 


1  ip.'.t r  t'l  ilii  1.11 
11,1,1 


I   1), 


ll. 


!i,iu'ii:'ni",  K  li'in'  .a' 


;i!  ,1  i,iL'  .iitiit  li;i.  iiunul  ii 
c;il  ikill  ;iiul  Iicuitv  in  tlii 


l.'.V  L;rt'.'.t  .ui.itnini     ,     t.mt  lunn  1  K  ll.  lu  iir,   ill  tlu'  l|  ,  t  \'.'   i.  re  li  >  .1  i 


'.titnili.' .nul   iiuilcli  ,  el   liii'       llu- Imtiils  111  t 


It  I    I' 


nil'  IT"  11 


( 1 '1,    W 


lU),    ll 


V  ,111  i.'x'r,!! 


iii.'.rv  fxiitiiin  I 


t   Uitnt'tli,       1,1. il' 


\»it;i    Ik. '.Ill 


I:. .11. 


Ulil'l  I'lHMl,  lllUl  |-.ri',lki  tin.    I 


l\V    1)1    l^l,^  ili.\'   I  l.ll  S. 


iIk'   I'lii'v    ll   tiu-    til 


<V  IK     1       l.niH  111 


I 


iitl!i.r  pni'.ci|)a 


I  b 


ii'iii'ii'j,'  < 


t  ( 


v,iii;!K\gi.n  ;'.Vi'  il 


or  ll,i'-lc> 


n  j'liiii  li..ii!i.',   tliL-  1  p 


,ii;  '.iii'.t   it   im 
li'.iil.      ll  ni.il. 


illy,    \\:;!iiiii!    i,,i;r..ij'i:';.;    it 
■;  .'  Iivi.'H'  I'l m  1,  ;i!iil  ,i 


.'.   .1 


ll  ai!i',  |iif  null 


t.iry  ll 


I'.irv,  u :  Kii  1.1  n- 


t.iir. 


to 


nn  -  4  - 


lib 

111!  iiMinili  ript.-,  in 


\Mtil 


ll.iti 


ol    tl,   •   ilU'Tl',     \.il.' 


l.i.'i  '. 


aiul   t:.c   iKiivi.  ll  '\ . 
•  a   1..    ibl  ncl,   ll; 


I  nil    U  Ip'. 
lUl      t   1     ll 


.11 1  •!  i!i   vi  .ill  v.  .!U  r,  mil 


rti.'ii  ,t   C'liiir.iin  i.   ("ll-)   w.i-;  Oil'-' 


'I   ti. 


I     li;.;-    1:1 
ai  s.    it  li.i 


■  n.'    It    \, 


VlUMl.Kvl 


loll 


t'..t 


a  ;l.i   P 


11'  i\  ,  ('  I  tl  :li 


V,  III  ci  I-pi'l' 


but  the 


\\:'\  t.n   (•  .'p 


\;.int  o! 


..,1  i:i 

1    h  .11 


M  11.1111!  Ill;,    ol 


.1   1      .V    t.i  I 


't     U'.l.l 


.u  i.irir 


.li'ti  tn.x.iril 


ll.r  I.  .1,    fill  rutin. It 


;  \ ,   U'.i     u;i, 


;v  111    |i.':..li"i  l!.i  ir 


I    r 


:i.       I 


.1    (Li:  ..1,1 
1  r'.".i;..l\   tl 


t;  •.'   l.ll. a    I 


I  iil.i.n  t 


li.i.U 


,\:'   I..C   ('.mill 


1-    ul     t. 


t!  n.ii  i:i   JH: 


lii'il 


iinil  oot.iiiu  ll  1.  .ll 


t  \ 


!■.  I'l.r.  ,'.i;i  a  laii  1 1: 


1,1      ll 


r  1 1 


•1  ao'niiii.iii-,  nl.iii  til'.'  null,  i;'.t>.  i 


,|  (■ 


.L  11. 


.1    rairp.ii 
,1  1  iii.t  till 


t  1 ,  \    n't;  .1   "it  I 
>  I  i;'li.'.   I,.i  1.1   I. 


llnr  t;i.'  kn'Cit'oi.'. 
Ol  ,  \t  1!  ll  '.cli  ru;, 
\  .iir-   \<  I'. 'I    I  pt")  ' 


ii^lv   t..,ii:iili.-a  ni  t 
tIll.^    ml 


11 


n   11  oil!  V  111   tl 


.111.1   p..itii.  ill-'  r..,a.i 


l.l.J.li.'    !■ 


in'  111  It   t. 


.1  l.ll  1.1 


;<  .1.11,   uii.) 


'_  1  M'l.ii  liiiniiin;.!  e. 


'.".'  ot  !pi  't 
.:i.i  ily    vili; 
i   liui: 


.,r  ,1  V'.  I  V  11   t    1  - 
t],l,    ll!'.  ,    ll,,-. 


pi..pi 


III, 


nt,i;:iL:,  I'-'  \\''n.a  liaVi'  it  I'l  ;ri  \i  , 


nni,"  tiMi  iti'  iiHiiii   I  .1 


C.ir,  11 


.  r  1  1   ,1 


I. mil 


f;tv  ,  I  <. 
Ill,  Ml  \i 
in'i'i  li.ii  '.I 
\  'Uii'j;  11 
1,  .x'a   ll 


liicl 


n  u  :.;)   w.Tc  Li.ii  11  ll  upi 


wii.i  1   ii.'j  Knn;    III 


111    !■ 


ic  !)v  I, 


I  ucrt'  in.ii 

!ili'    Viirc    Mi'V    iln  a;i,    .r 


w  I.   n  .ill  li.c 
!   v.l.rii   tl.t.r 


1   1.'    1  .•    I  .    1! 


't!. 


11'   WlMUlV   Ol     Oil,!  IV, 


11  .n  l,K 


T;   Inn  li.  mil,,   lool    llii;  pti  1,-1.1  m  '.ii.i  .i  '  r 


aia    live 

ilit   I'lOW, 


niiii.iii.W  t;;.'  low.i  v 


111 


11,  111',    llir  I 


thiir    lii'i,.:!  ll  I 


II  \  1  ri\  .,ii'   |,iituin',    iti.iii 


kwi.t   t' 
V  ll   tin  in  arc  il 


iiii.i  1,:.,   1, 


I, ,1. Ill  1.    I'.c  ,S.,u 
i.l,,!tr,.l  'i'  v.,i\'. 
.'ain.i    11 


(}•, 


nJ  ll.i'  I'. Mil  ol   >.ui>:,n, 


iciii'.ir   u,'  ^  liic   i!'  Hill 


1 


,.\\C    11,1  t     « 


itli   Km  lal  \,,iir'.;  in-  n  il 


■;n.    ll  ,i!ij  in  t!.  '  vw 
iii.iv   i;   ,ir  tin'  '.\\.<) 


.  •.  ri'tv,   v.i,  t  u  ni'u;.,t  i...   .''  .'.      .  ... 
'  vw.ilit;   Init  ill, 1 1'  tl.r  1.1  1,1    i.-i'.ir 
,    ij'iioraiin-'  ana   n  ,  ii,!'.  i 


\.  1  <  11,     ll  III. II  k.l 

I  i.iilt  L\  the  i 


1,1, 


,iv   I,  1- 


,ii"iii    I  \i  I 
iviii   linn   that   ill.i 


11.1    1. 


ll 


ilii'v,!!,!,  y  tl 


to  iiiiir  own  1 1 


:n,iiii 


III  his  puipi 


i\lll    "     i    ll  ,,,   1  ! 


.  :,.'.  1'   l,ui, 1,111,  1 
.w  linn  ,illii  a  ;■  ■ 


v»;.illt  ri.il  ilii'in,   ir,i, 


acib 


1   I'lllillll    I  loUII-,    .1   1  ..l,.l   iiV.l 


y. 


L.lc  liii  ,11 


till'  y. 


irjti  11  I'l  lilt,  ir 


a  1 


kill';  li.il  a  I  I'liili  roiiv.iiy  ilt.ibhilinl  .;l  Cp' iili.t- 


iHiiil   111  tl.c  i.i.rili 


1 1  i  V    \i . 


!i  ,,l 


11  i.iua  I. 


I..'    Il'jllt   ol    \WlKll   i\il  V   ll 


ill .;i  '."..1 .  .1, 


o\  I 


-1.;,-:  It! 
\  -ii;.;  mill 


,    Il.lllv    ..ll.ilililliil  111   I     '  ll 
iii'ii.  n  lul  a  iiiliiiiit.iii,.'  io 


|.  r  It    \>  p: 

llu     li'.l,    till'   1, 


I  v.l.i.    r.i'ilii:'.. 

1   1  li.  s  111  i!''.'   Ill 
liiii  is  ti.it  .\i\\  l.nootli,  a; 


I  iv  a  iiii|,   V  ..IL 


iVll   tl 


■■:lii>iu.'n,  .u. 


toll, I  I,'.  .     I  l.<-.lU,i    In  \      Ui. 

ti  ..n 'll    l'  I'V  \>  i.rc    Vii  V   a; 


ll  ll 


11, ll  1,1.;    Ill  tl,i'   11'  i\'.  1  li:\  , 


.  lltIV  ill  I  III,!,    ,il.  I 


it.j   ill 


III  I.,- 
till  li.' 


a., nil.     Alia   t)   ii.i.-,    lli.it  till'  ll.y  IS  iii'ii'  ;.',.'ii 


11',    ti.Lti;  liiiliim    arilip: 


iillV    b 


l' 


•,M  'C    I;.;l..!    \v:!:i  V 


ll    V.ll, 


t  i:i;  '■■ 


ll,.;  i  -,   iiiui   1.  ; 


to  ', aiils  tl.c  nil. 


lie  oi  the  ill.U'il,  the  h.uiKhitii  il 


(I   ;  ..  ■ 
lon'cii' 


lliliii 
niitli  ' 


■I     p'op. 


I' 


that  l>   t.i 


111    tl 


iiiitiy 

lat    LliloUl. 


ti;'.;:i    the    11. 
.11, lilt,    tliilt 


i\'.  !i  ;  ,iiiil  liii.iiii'il  It  ill  1.  iir  \i 


i.ac  ir.i'ii  I  I 


,1   t, 


,,,. 


,[1,M 


iiiil    coiivciii-r,i.c    I 


1    the 


iiuii!-,   ti'iiih-i'   Uitn   the  LiijiiiLN  ami  nilli'uii'.cr.i 


CoPi'li 


;i,.ii'. nr,  ll  ln.i,i^ 
,i'<  11,   "11  a  iiecii  ( 


,ill 


id  the  ^■^nll;l,,  aiiil  Uiri'iUi 


t    L]  iiu  nh'.irii 


ill    a.  h  11,1 


t    II 


(.hiiih.nr,  i;'i  ''.■-:   u 
U.i 


inii'.iric  111   III'-'   l>.i 


ii,r 


111    a.'iiit    ;  .  iiii.  'S 
ir   iir. lit  I  1   tlic   ii  I, 


ii'ur,    'iiiil    111 
lime,    lonii'.ir. 


WLCil     tlif:         1\ 


nil.Iiinr   t.i  .1   I,  li   n 


,     it      UJn     ll 

ciiu.il  111  tl 


.a    11, ..111 


inin'.ilK.ni ,11  oil  I  1 

liM   ,'  ',      lll.llllt,lilll.  1 


11  v.ire  1  ).'^',i;'};s 
1   1,1    th,'    <  ,<peiiec   I 


.iia.    In-..-- 

ir  woikiiicn  I'i    ,11' 
t'  the    iiialb'i  ;    i 


I,    tl'l'-CS     ll 


!i'  uic,  a  p.  pir-iMi 

-,   hilioi'iitiiiii  N   lor  .  ir,  ini 


(...;•     ,iil    \i.lbii  th.H   tr.idi'   into   tl..il   I',  i    null!   p 


.  r  111'  l,ii:ii.  Ill 


ihe  louth  P'.iit  ol  tiic  111 


111.. I  111!" 


lliait  :^  ihi  moll  ii'..]! 


t.ibr 


I'pt.a. 


jiili  ,1  ol  .my  in  l.iir,.i  <■ 
.1   L'io;.i';;l'.iii-' 


tellHir 


tli.it   I.'' 


eial   ii;l..riiiiu'lit.< 


.a  u 


,1'ilV. 

(■c  f"tH',  Ini'.;.:' '  li- v'l 

,.,  •.in,,   li..llt    II  vn,    l:..l^^: 
to    Ui-'    ti.\.M    1..   r     U- 

Uc  iv-r.ilty  ..t  l...»    ,:•  •. 
r  V.  ;n  luir.  I'.r.ii.i;    i-:M 
,iM  IV.  ■.iii.l  i-,>'i''-.!  1. 1 
'i   ca  •.:■.  n^  tin  I   1.  .1  ■ , ! 
1  y    iiili^'li    ^■      li   t  ''..ri 
.;ui  .'il    I'V'.ii  1  '.'II'' ;   11 
•,,t  r. '.'  'U>i  111  t'  o  r  ;■   i 
ill'  'o.     '1  i'l-  V      ,; 
1    1    ,,  ,    la  .■   I'  ■  ■   n   . 
,;„,n  M  1!  ill,.!   '.       i 
ir.  I'li^'  iiiiiv'  ili  V  'I 
.)  (Ill    IsU  ,;  I  1    I'-ii- 
I 

^  l,n!i-  ..!•    -■     ■'  1   •  '    ' 

.t   W    I  ic  11  '    .'.  1      ::•      '• 

I  Im1;i     I'l""  li  1.    kv    .    '  , 

,',.1  M  ti'i' ',  I    '"  1'  •'•:'• 

<\1  u  'i     I.'IM'  ;ini.       1  ■      . 
!,<,ii(    v',.iii'..i)'i-, -;    1'.    "    • 
I-  I .  Ill ',  ;iii'''  i^'  ■'     ' 

t;i  .  !.'...     .I'i  '     i''     '  ,     '    ■  • 

i||,T|i,     \.'il"  ll    '••i,'l  'i    •'•  '■ 

V,,,  iiUr:>!-i.a  I'  ■'■■ 

.■i,;.!;..-.!;!-'  n;.v,.  '-v-  1 
\\,;'i  I'll  '■'m'  '•  ;  "  ' 
,     ,v'   1.1  v'.,-   \        ■• 

II  Icil    ■■'.ll'i    •''  ■■•■  ■  ■   ■ 
1    i,y   i.VL-    U.ni..  ■ 

1-. •;;'.. I  i:^  m ";'  ''         •        ' 

i,-:.  >-on;.  ^.  ••  ■  • 
c.-.  .  v;!i;  ;>:■•!  '•  •  " 
i^  \    nil-  -t   u.;  '   i        ■■    ■    • 

o:;i.'.  i,-.M  '•  -^  ';■■     ' 
>i  it;  .:;..!  i!.i''^    ■  ' 

,Jj    l^'P.'    Ill    It     1.     ■■     !."■■ 

,ir.  r.     M.-;::.:.'  ■■■■^-   ' 

I,  ...I  .'.Iv-  111.;. -u  1-1      -  " 
,1  ,;,,',•  1,11111  1. ;'.-•■••  I  .  '  ' 

il   !.'  V   li'  u;s    i'l    ''•  '        ■ 
uli;.  iv,;;  ..'.i  '.11  I'.i''  '''^^■■'■■■ 
I  rv  I,  .1.1  1'  -ii-'  •'  '  '"  ' 
■\u  .1.  Ill',   I'll'  t  .'■'■     .  '  '•  ■  ' 

.,■     ,■   MU    ^l'    Su^.l.  1'.     .     ■      1 

.'.t;  !:■!  in.l  .■!    I  ii'    '.  '  ■ 
;':;,■   c.iH  ii-    I'i    I'l  •'  |''i''  ■' 

,,..iu:'.     Uiii;'  I  i>'-i--  ';■ 

11,...  \.,,;  \Ac,  lh.it  !.'-  i-"''-t 
V. .ill  .  ^.l '  lui.^.ii.  >  j.;  • 
,,.,•  ■.■..\c-  liim  .I'llii  A  \''  '  '    * 

I,  i.,i  l.i.ill^  livi  .11  '<'  ■  ■■     • 

1,  .,1  u.ivi.ii.i.^  ;ii.:-  .'.■  1 
V . ;,,.  r.r ;iu'.^  .■■    ■  . 

|,n_',|     111     S    ill     !':'■-•     I'l.'     ""     '  ' 
lli.lt    I'.K.l    l.lll.Otll,     .l'...i    ^    '■  ■ 

,-.,..1  ,,1  ^'":li.'Ui.-ii,   .U..I  "  ■ 
il.ii  .^   ll.il  .  .1  v.i'V  I  ••»'''■■'■     -■ 

111  iiic  I'.s  11  ill-'"'  ;-'.'' ' ' 

;,r,v    lo.i;;.        l\..v.^i    .'• 
l'..rii!.u''j,  ihel.uiHi.iM  ;i    • 
I   r,.i:.r;v.;ris  iL.ii  i-  ■'  ■■■' • 

luhiiuJ  it  111  I'lii'  ;"■.'■■■■'  ■■  •  ■' 

liiiiisriii-r.^i-'  '1  ^'"-'  •'''"'■ 
In..,'!.--;  ;mk!  iiiru'iiii'.i.r.i-  :  - 
jit"ua.  1.  .■'..•^il  11, '■'•''_  ^  ' 
Ivju.il  in  l'..'-'  \i  I'^l' 
j..i;.-i  I.  r  \\...ix;ii"!i 


1: 


.<l..iicc  i.i'  t'.i-'  iu.iii''i;  I 

,  Ui;,is  lui-  ii:...'.-.int;  "'  ,"•" 
.ii.iuij.il  cXlKi-ili'illts,  ^'• 
ll-[-  S'lltli  p.ut  ol  liic  11.''. 
,..;  S;c;l)ur/,  that  is  •■  '■; 
J  ii.l'.ruuui.is,   a^J  '-"    '" 


ITiROI'V..]  I)     i:     N     M 

fomc  Ihulfius  ami  firvani^,   wlio  ;ii>plifil  tlu-'mlflvis  to  ' 
li  iiic  iv.irtiiuLir  lliii'.y.      But  I'laiiibiirg  i.^  imw  (;.iiii- in  ■ 
ikciiy.        The    Ul.iiul    111    1  liitii    bcloii;;-'    now    to   tin- 
Swedes. 

rilc  I'luiir  in  V. iiiili  'I'ncIio    llralic    ufrd    to    lit,    to 
inaki'  lii.i  i.llroiioiiii'.iil  obU-ivatioii.s,   i.s   I'lll   prclcrvoil    , 
Ml  tlif  Uov.il    Miikimi,  .nul  liilil.    by    I'lc   I)atK<,    in 
the  lii;;inll  vi-iur.i;i<.n.     "  '1  iius  (f.iN.s  a  jiulicimi.s  tra-  '' 
\cilir  ill  ;i  ktirr  to  a  Iriiiul)  it  t\ir  happens  I     1  iKcil 
iioi  K  iiinul  \oii  iliat  tin-  ullroiionu'i-  Kii.ikii  v.;.<  iliivcii  ■ 
hi. Ill   hi<  iKuivc  cniiiitry  liy   l.ich.iii   aiul  in:ilc\iili  lu'i-  ; 
11  tli.u  l.r  ilii'il  at  I'l'.iiiiR',  in  il.e  I'rr.ii,  iii.il  iiiulir  llii- 
proliciuin,   oi  till'  L'liij.iror  RovKi;i!iii  ,   who  liu-ltuvii 
tlu>  iiliuiiii.ii.s    lii;;itivi',  iiiul   atlouUil   l.iin   an  .ilJiiiii. 
Or.    |ol  .il.iii'...  !iiii'<,  (o  i.lti  II  ipioicii  un  hmilar  una- 
lioil.-,  au'  MTV  ap.piicbk-  : 

'•  '^  I-  nation,.  :Ii.n!v  wif...,  .i;;.!  nican'.v  juif, 
'•    III  LuiyM  iiKiit  r.iilc  tii^'  laiils  luiil." 

i:..l!n-Ll.,  C.ilViibur;,  Uiilj;lli V.c,  I'nllo,  K.m,  , 
W  arK'iilniij;,  N'.-vitaii,  Skillkor,  aiij  koilor,  ..u- 
plan..  \Uiii'h  contain  nuthiiv.;  woilliv  ot  J.i  iu.iti.pii. 

I'ml.rii'krmiri;    i.s   a   Imall    town,    :j    iiiiU  n    ililiaiit 
tioiii   l\'p.nliaj;(  n,   to  tin-   iiortli-WLil,    anil    iS    Irnin    , 
11.  II.  iiiiir  to  till  lontli-wtlh    It  is  i-oiili<!i  rahk' i.flK  by 
the  ll.iiJv   iMllIc  aiul  ii.val  p.ilacc  vvliii-li   ttaiuji  near  it. 
'1  ii.il  iiliic  w  IS   loiir.i  ily  Init  a  rni.'.ll  t.  .it  biloir.  i;,;.;  to    ' 
a     pnv.iir     riiiili  man.        I^ll^■;     I'ri'ik'iu '.<     II.     Icili;.; 
ih.iiiiiiil   uiihiis   litnation,   bi'ii;i;ht  it  ol    linn,  and  I'l'- 
r.lii  to  mi.iim'  It.      lli.s   loll,   i:hrilli.iii    l\'.   In.illicil   it. 
Thi.i    is   llif    Wii.iilks   ni    Piiiinark.        Tlit   h   ulc    is 
built  on  piles  in  , I  I. iki'.     Tlic  boily  i.l   llif  caillc  eon- 
lills  ol   a  very  l.iir  liont.,  v.idi  two  ;;ri.;n  wind's.     'I'lic 
cli.ipcl  ii  well  ailoine.l,   a.ij  coveinl   witli   i^ilt  copper.  . 
J:  lia.i  I  2  lilver  ihitm  s  of  the  apollks  ;  aiul  ail  the  liuUs, 
bolts,   i^c.    were    liKcr,   till   u    w.is    i)luiiilereil  l.v  the 
^^\^.^^.■-.     'llic  lia'il  is  aJi.riieil  with   pain;iii;;s,  iiiiJ  ha,- 
tlie  piehires  ol   kvcr.i!  nl   tl.i    l.lii;;s  ut    Duiniail.,  aaJ 
ol    the  royal  lainilv,  a-.  lar|.'e  a.s  the  lite  i   aiul  a  hainc 
o!  p.iiiiti;i;;s,  wliieli  reprtl-.iits  the  lea  aiul  lar.J  battles  ' 
oi    ilie  k.iie,s  ol    Diiiniark.      It  is  huii;;    wi;h   rich   t.i- 
p.'lrv  ot    nioluir,   rrprekiit'iip,-  the  a^;!loll^  .ui.I   [•.'.'.il.  ; 
ol   I  i'.iii!'...ti   IV.     'riur..- i:  a  is'.liery  wh\!i   ii,!,   tioiii 
ti.eei;.li   1.1  th.  lull  ol  .luu.iii.'.',  niloiiiei!  u  ith  pi^l..i:e- , 
Mo.t  ol    \.Iiu!i  ue.i'  b  .U'.'.iit    ill   Il.iiv.      I  K  r;-  is  a  [  ;rk   , 
al.ioii;    nin.'    iiiili.-    k'H;.,  nt    a    p'.-op.  .rti.  ii  ilile   b..:;i;'.li, 
.f.d    iiuerl|'i  ilv\l    with    po.ii--    aiul    Iilli    pnul.-,    wlili   a 
|...!.sH;.'-    ni    ;,i'il!    plo.'s,    liilltuks,   ami    l:n...!l    vailie-.   ' 
It  V  .1-,  llo,k(\l  wiih  l.ill.nv  Jill-  ho'ii  Kii;.'Jai:',l.     'I'lure 
is  a  pi.-ttv  lI  -wer  ;.MrJen  bihii'.-l  tlie  cauie,   in  tlu'  \v-;y 
l.-.\i-  ,   III  which,  tlioi',;li  it  IS  <  Nceevhii;;  ilup,  tin  \  l:,i\e 
biihi  a   kind  ol  terracj  on  p.les   that  coll   .in  l.ir.i.IieJ 
tl.i.iiiaiul  I  towns. 

Rolciiiid,  or  Roil.'M,  h'.  s  at  the  !v.<tto:n  of  th.j  l-ay 
ot  ir.lior.l,  ,iiu!  1.  ri  mill s  ilillant  !i-..in  C'opi  nh  i.,.  n 
to  till-  V,  ,'.l.  It  w.is  toiinerly  the  ciiplt.il  ol  Uiii- 
luark,  v.lun  the  kini;  rj^liilcJ  there;  but  liii':i  they 
liivc  I'lol.ii  C.';v.'nha;;en  lor  their  refuk  iier,  it  li.i.-. 
ilwiii.lh,  .1  J  ,-,a;l.  Ill  p.>int  ol  importance,  aiul  is  niii.  h 
ilecavi.,1  \.;..h  I.  ;'.VLi  to  wcalih  aiul  coimuerce,  Ol 
.!7  clni;  cii.  s,  whuli  tormirlv  cmlKllilhe.l  this  town, 
Oiilv  !«''  .'.ii  iiov.  lliiiuhn.',.  It  i-oiui:ii'.es,  however,  to 
he  tlie  bmi.il  p'a-e  i  1  ih-  roy.il  l.m.ily.  Anion;.;  tin 
inonii.'ii  i,Ls  ol  the  U.inilli  loverci;,.;ns,  iomc  ol  which 
;ire  csticiU'lv  iii,!"ii;:ice:.t,  liamls  a  beautilni  iiiavblc 
piih.r,  triclid  !)Y  i;,i.-  II  M.il;.;aret,  ;' s  ;i  liipport  to 
the  V.  iieli'.oiie  k ;  •  in..-  by  .'Mheit,  kin;;  ol  Sv.clia,  t.i 
lli.irp.cii  ii'jr  nccJks,  in  ilcriooii  to  her  l,..\-.  J'ut  ii 
>\iii  ti.jil  licr  relciii'iK  :.t  in  liicli  a  mar.i.T,  tl  at  !,■■  I'nl- 
tcie.i  Ic'.^relv  lor  Lis  l.iri'.ilir.  ;  lor  he  w.is  tak.-n  jii- 
loncr  b\-  the  ijuveii,  ikt.iuinl  levell  \'  .irs  in  ciiioily, 
.111,1  o!il:;,e.l  to  re.iiiijirlh  all  his  pleIelll;oll^  to  the 
cidv, n  oi  S'lveikii.  lb  re  is  a  convent  ol  knlhenm 
imiis  !h  ion.^i:..,;  to  tlie  bell  h.imilies ;  but  ilirv  arc  not 
obliiCil  t.i  -A.iir  aiiv  |)artieiilar  habit,  i.>r  to  be  relliicl 
c. I  by  tile  \  iws  ulii.j  in  convents  ;  but  arc  periniltcil, 
il   th.-y  think  pioji.-i-j  to  onit  llie  convent,  aiul  nu.iry. 


A     11     K. 


f  ;i 


III  t'\;'  the  I'ainnus  trci'ty  o("  peace  \va«  licrc  conciu.!- 
cii  between  Denmark  uinl  Swcklcn.  '1  i.e  iiniverliiy  is 
in  a  il'-'ciiiiinf;  condition i  and,  iikiccd,  the  wiiolc  town 
exhibits  evident  marks  ol  p. ivcrty  and  decay. 

Sora  is  littiated  on  the  l)ar,ks  of  a  lake,  about  ihc 
center  ol  '/eal.iiul,  w.,s  tornurly  the  leat  ot  a  ilcli 
abbey,  and  has  many  plealaiit  lielils  and  iorcils  m  ar  i;. 
To  this  place  the  academy  ol  I'rcdericklbur^'  was  n-- 
inovcd,  and  tiic  liuir.dations  rl  tic  iinivci.lty  wcic 
an;;incnicd  by  ("Ihii'.ii.in  IV.  (.'h.iih.-^  i;iiilavii.>,  l.m^; 
ol  Sweden,  w.i>  cdue.i"...!  lure,  .,;'d  rit.iincd  l.ieli  ii 
v^i.er.-.ti  .11  t.  r  the  pi  u;c,  lh.it  wlu.n  lie  invaded  /.i.i- 
h.nd,  he  v.nild  Pol  liih.  r  his  li.kiiiis  to  ciiier  ihe  toau. 
Lul  the  r.,ciii.es  lit' this  lemiiiary  have  been  .mnt  \'.d 
to  till  Clown  ol  Deiunaik,  and  the  wlm'.c  is  .4. .tie  In 
ileei\.  .Vbioliuii,  arc;ibilluip  i  f  1  .iiiulei:,  oiue  i.mnil- 
1..I  lure  an  ell.iblilhiiicut  tor  llic  m.uiiteiancc  ol  iholc 
v.ho  li.i  tiki  wri:c  tiu'  l.illoiy  ol  Denmark  ;  and  u.  thi^ 
louiuhiiion  wc  owe  the  kiilory  wiiUcii  b;  ini.  l-Ic- 
bi.it.d  S...\o  (ii.iniiiiaticiis, 

I'   I'    \   i;   N. 

'piIl  ■  iikind  is  ikc  next  to  that  of  '/.i  aland,  in  the 
te..lc  ol  iiiipoitance,  aiiioir;  the  kvi,  ,  p,.rts  which 
jorin  the  l..uii!li  kiuv.dom.  It  is  boiiiiiled  bv  tin; 
(I.e. Iter  licit  oil  the  c.ill,  b\  tin:  Lilkr  I'elt  on  ihc 
well,  b\  the  Ikiliic  on  the  luiitii,  and  by  a  little  chan- 
nel, wlueli  iep.ir.itcs  It  Iroiii  the  if.aiid  ol  .S.inil.c,  oi;  the 
ii.irih.  ll  i,^  ab.  lit  yi  inih  s  Irian  cad  l.i  w^'l,  and 
_;o  iroiii  iioilii  to  loulh.  !  h'e  cumliy  i,  teiiiic  ,ind 
a, i\  I  able,  biin<;  tincly  diveii.iii.i  wilii  \erd.,i.t  !.iii,s, 
ih.idv  woods,  pli.il.int  ;.,r  Ae.s,  ijuulul  lickk,  r.cli  p..!- 
tii:\N,  i^c.  The  rHi  is  ;.',i.od,  w.l'i  cul;iv..tcd,  and  .it- 
lords  a  };rcat  deal  ol  };rain,  not  oni)  I.t  lioi.ic  coii- 
riim|aion,  but  c.vportati  iii.  (ireat  iitiaiititics  oi'  bhick 
cattle,  iioiies,  hi\  s,  S.C.  are  brid  line.  'I'liis  ilh'iul 
i>  ail  appenda^'e  to  the  ckleh  I'oii.s  ol  tiic  kiius  ol  Dm- 
111. Ilk,  and  is  deemed  one  .I  the  ricluil  ;.,ovcrn:nei.ts 
bclonji,iii;;  t  >  that  roverciL;iuy.  It  coi'.t..iiiS  tour  g.;r- 
r. I, 'lied  towns,  and  .64  \illa;.;csj  but  the  moll  conli- 
ilcr.ihlc  (ihiccs,  and  the  only  onei,  iiukcd,  worlhy  ot 
il.ier.p.tioii,  aie  the  t.  ilowiii;..-. 

O.kiil  0,  ihc  c..;.h.il  ol  the  ill  nul,  llauils  about  its 
ciiilcr,  and  is  a  lap.iciiiis,  will  built,  plcalant  town. 
1  k  n  the  kin;.;s  once  i.lidtd,  and  the  aliciiibly  ol  the 
;l,.i.  ■,  nut  b  .,'ie  lie-  ..rov.n  liee.iiue  heredilarv ,  aiul 
the  !,.\ert i;;ii  abhilute.  In  a  clrarch  here,  which  is 
ih  d.icaled  I.)  .St.  (.hiiuile,  tUc  body  ot  tliat  prince  was 
b.ini..!  lic.ir  ...  ecinnry  and  a  hall  :i;;ii.  It  was  depoliteJ 
111  ,1  i  o.  p T  ci'ilin,  ;.;ilt,  and  ad.vrncd  with  precious 
iio'.c.i.  1  he  n.oir  p.'.rtieuh.r  clreuiuilancc  relatiw  t.< 
this  town.  111  irclent,  is,  tint  the  iiduibitauts  br^w  tl..' 
bell  beer  in  the  whole  kh'.e.ihiiil. 

N\biir;e  lii  I  on  the  ii.iri.iuir  pait  ol'tlu-'  Greater  III  Ir, 
between  b'lir.en  and  '/.cahir.d.  'Ilii:,  place  has  lou.e 
trade,  the  luirbour  i;.  ;;ood,  aiul  the  adjacent  country 
is  Icrlilc.  'llie  d.im,i;;es  dune  toil.'  loitiiications  in 
the  l.ilc  wars  with  So.tdcn,  are  1:  :t  \et  thorou„hl;>  re- 
paired. Minbaikalioiis  lor  the  ill.iiul  ol  Zcal.iud  are 
made  at  tb.is  town. 

Sihweiibor;;  h,  an  a;;rc,\d)lc  t.-.wn,  with  a  comnio- 
d.iiu.  li.irlu-r.r,  linuite  i.n  tlie  k'utheall  part  ol  the 
i:!,iiid.  Iroiii  hence  tllniks  Cuillaviis,  in  the  year 
if-.S,  be;;an  his  inarch,  over  the  ice,  to  the  iikiuds  of 
l..;l|.;,laiu'l,  /eal.di  1,  ai.d  I'.ii.ler. 

\'\obui;;,  or  kol  ur.'-,  is  a  i.nall  town,  lituate  en  .1 
liitle  Lu'ph  t'w  th.e  I.  utlicrn  coait  ol  I''unen,  i  ver- 
.i;ainit  the  illaiul  ol  Arroc,  and  is  about  10  miles  dif- 
t.iut  Iroiu  S..'iwi  iihor;.;  to  the  welt. 

.Viieiis  lies  on  the  loiitli-wdl  coall  ot  this  iiland, 
over-ai;ai!ill  Ikukrileben,  in  the  duchv  ol  .Skl'wie.  It 
IS  about  II  Miles  dill, ml  Iroin  (kicnt'ec  to  llie  loath. 
Ill  the  vc.ir  15!5  the  a.'inv  ol  ki:i;4  (diii'.liaii  HI.  ceiii- 
in.indcd  by  Jolni  Kant/aw,  routed  ih.it  comin.uukd,  by 
tllirillopher,  e.irl  of  Okknbur.;,  and  killed  Ciuikivus 
'  'I'roll,  arclibilhop  of  I'pl'al.  Ik.e,;,;aw  afteruaids  le- 
velled ihib  town  with  tkc  ..'.round. 

,V'  t  11,  ('■,,. 


I'Mi 


I  s 


.111 


k 


UP 
I 


i'    .1 


if 


'-(! 


V<':t 


mi 


!     ,i 


III  »:i 


A  NF.W  ANn  AljTIir.NlU;  SYr,li:?,I  oi-  l:N'I\r.;i;iAt.  GFOCIlArilV 


1  i!u-  l..i!rr  li.lt 


IMI    tlU'    V.  l  ' 


1   t!i;j  il'.mi!,  li.'!   .1    I  liiTC  ;iri- ill  this  ill.'.iivl  IcvcimI  v;l!;i^i':-,  l.ir_^c  parifl 


luv  ,'Uo  I- '.!'.,  il  ?>ru!'.llti.i!-.SLniiul.    !  and  a  caiiliJirablc'  city.  imIIcU  Hti'j;f,  nr  Siik 
It  is  I      mills  ihlt;ir.t   I.. 'Ill   Aiilis  tn  tl.c  Hdiilivwl!,       lies  oil  tlu- iioitli  i.i  tiic  ill.iiul,  oil  a  littlif  riv 


ul   as    in.iiiv    hiiiii   (),!^-|.U\.-  tiw.ir. 


tlu'  I  •mil  v.al.       a  mile  lower  f.ills  i;.t>)ilu-  Itr.iit  lallcii  ( 


"■'•»  wiii..;i 

iiKr,   tlit 


•  miir  S; 


It  is  a  I;.;  ill,   Init  n(..'.t  tovn,   in  i  i--,ir.tiy  abinuulini;        Tills  rity  inai!^- a  biavu  ikluue  a ;;,iiiill  iIk-  l.ul; 


with  all  the  luw'.'.'.iri^s  i>t  In 

l\\'ic    IllMll  llli<    lll.lllil    to    Cohlliv'  ll 


i>  ihi-  loiiim.'ii  imI-       Ml  tlic  viar  1 1;  i 


aiiil  lurcni  till  III  to  rttrtat :   anil 


I   lu'.l.iiul  ;  til  Hilt       v.ilotir  ol  the  i;ih„hi!.iiitii  ol  the   wliu!.'  ii!.,ii.l 


«.u   I, 


not  Icii..'.- l)r.i;i>Li-  here  t'l.m  t!..-  '1  li.iiiies  i.>  .it  (iiii'.i!-       ii.ili.-eil  in  idji),   v  !.i  ii  tlu  v  iLi' luhil  tii.;iili  h> -.  I- 


111.: 
t.i\i 


Or 


'»  .1 


I  ;!li    ot    1  i:.U.l;\ ,     i: 


i:ii 


(ilil- 


■.iiiiil  the  .S\wile>  th.ui  tl.t  i.ii  ■■v  i:I.,iui 


,)l     S\M 


Jen.   h.l    1. 


■.v.  .'.IV    ever  t..e  lee  to 


V 


li  the   Jl.ii.illi  lorei  >   ill  t 


.1  lu.uii;  himlilt  m.iller  ol 


tlie  V. 


•n,ol. 

I'l  I  I 


V  A  1,  S  T  1.  K 


T 


I.  \  \  c  !:  1.  A  r;  d. 

Ills    ilhiiu',    w'lieh    i-s    2:    miles    JMn-r^     ^u,,)    , 
bro.i.i,  ij  litu.iteil  1  !i  ih'-  (ln.ilu  h.-lt,  1  i  mc  |, 


J  ol  !•■ 


h  a!' 


'ii:i.r<  w  itll  wiu-  i",  t' 


'H! 


^   ill.'.llil   re-:  to 


orili  I  'it  1 


h    it  is   li 


/.•ahn-.il  oil  t! 


le  iiorih,  aiiil  tli'J  1  :  ni.l  1 


Ith 


1   I  ah 
V   llrait. 
■I  M 


nJ,   iiom 


I.    illMi 


\l  111'  .1    till'    IKlIll 
.1      II. to       1 


'■.mil 


oon  on  t! 


:.a.     it 


'.1   miles;   m   l.e'ili,   aiul    eu'lit   m 


w  eili  HI  eo.ilt,  i,.  ii...-  nu  ll  eoiii. 
I.  luii.l  hv  the  Lit   I  I    'riMiie'.., 


;t  !  i,.it 
:!Iiil  iiu: 
iL.ihle  t. 


i\\  11,  iH  m 


\\..i^ii  u  aiw.e, 


h 


It>  lull  is  verv   Iruitliil  ;    aiul    lim.ll   eorii  i.       1 


illiiit 


\\:u\  a  K.oi' 


'.iiiii'ii. 


liT.  irom  hetiee  to   Meeh 


ller 


.h-il 


h.;:i; 


i)   ether  I'i'll.s   I  I 


tli.it    o 


the   I-  uiii,  or   .•^v.iili  r-l!er 


;.r..i  tli.it  (I  the   iioitii, 


!. 


It  h,i>   1.  Villi  ll 


amoi!';  w  I 


the  ii: 


:{■■■•  iN yer'-ii,':,  on  the   v. i. tern   ei'iilt  oi    il 


l.-i  iiiMr  ti 
I'  par.iii 


V  1   .M  r.  11  I'.  N 

Ce:i;l  ol    ih 


iiiar.i!,  1 1  V.  :< 


ll  It  IN  tiie  ea'-'itiil 


It 


IS  one  ol  ll 


jile.il.iiit   and  vuil-bii.'t   t!Wll^in  the  w 


ti.'.it^    ot    1. 


'leiii,   iri"!i  V,  I'll! 
>v  ;i  lli.i.t   whieli  is  liMt   ;ibov,-  i  i. 


.1-    1  ;  iMi:  ■,  r    .^e  ..It,    1. 
I. Ill'  h    ll    is  I  ,K    :i    I, 


'1 


tli 


Iv  Dr.    Ill 


it  iia^;  a  It  roil''  e:,u 


le,  mill 


1 11-1 


I   \\i  ll-hi  .'111  lite 


IK 

li  h. 


I,    \ .  t    it    111-;    .ilvv  i\  N   be  n    lioki  .! 


>1    ll 


■  i  I)e 


V  111!  ri '.  1: 


ll  I. 


'aiicopiii:',    111 


I.tti 


tub. 


i.i,   le 


on  the    lioi'.ii 


a  rl.iee  ol    l.mie    t;' 


li^ir.i;  t.ie   mii.i 


oi   t 


.     'J'l 

he  (; 


lenii  re  k\ 


iiL'   ( .iiiill  1,111   I'l 


111'.  b< 


.liter  of  tl 


;e  iro;;i  /.^.il.ii.il  ii:;o  t.u  i;...i;iv. 


their  overrimm 


A   ii    R   o   i: 


lortily 
to  evi : 
tremi 


Juila 


:i    e.iu: 


lilt  l!r 


K    i 


ruuiel  111  eo.  11  .ir 


Mir. 


■n.l   of  Arr. 


!■■   i-.taate.l   lien 


r  tlie  eo,-:il  of  j/f 


jem;,'  ei';:it    ir.iii.>    in   ien;;l!l,   ai 


.1  t 

I  n'„ 


wo  in 


/ 


breaiitli.      it  is  e.Ntremely  IruittuI  in  c 

ill  anl'.eil,   v.ith  whieli   tlie  inh.ihit.iais  eive  ;i  Ihvour 


oni,  aiii!  aiioiin.ls 


rwo  p.ii.ilie. ,  iLimelv ,   I. 
a  toit    t  liir  pl.iee  \v!i 
calleil  I  ..ihle:,..!.. ,  tluit  1.; 


I'ltiriii.np.      '! 
,;   l.-'..l   I!     n    i 
it  ol  the  I'.ill.  _ 


to  tlleir  bread, 


aiiil   le.ifoti  their    meat. 


n  ti; 


1'.  o  w  K  II  0  I,  ?.r. 


nre  rleiitv  ot  horles  an 


e;',tt.e  ;  ami  lome  vvooih. 


111  whitn  are  abiiiuianee  oi  hare 


Ihr 


B 


I'.as  but  three  ]>arillKs,   the  eielt  eonfulenible  o('  vvliieii 

'I  lie    town    Ia'oii;.;ii!i;    to    it 
ilaiiii,  ;iik1  biar> 


OllMlOl.M,  an  icnrlv 
1). -11  ili.i  .ivcreil  I'V  '1  111 


or.iijva,   IS    I.etl   to 
nans   the  fi  1  oi  .i  >-• 


K.iP'ti,     e,r    Kioii.ii^'. 


of  I'.nl.uul.      It  ii  the  iiiiio;   It  an. I  moll 


mils  on  the  loutlieriinie.lt  part  ot  the  i 


ti.e  liiiiie  tuime  as  tl;e  \\ 


it 


is  a  tra  !■  on  aeeouiit 


the  lil.i 
aiiout  " 


b'iop.jii'  ;  1  1  ti 
li'i'es   i!:li  ;i,t   i.o; 


-f   I) 


cl  iiJ  j; 


'yii,  an 


.1  is  liti 


.It  the  bottuin  01  t! 


e  bav. 


1    /,L..'.ll  ll    to    Ih. 

lot  lib  .ve  Is  lomi  ih-'   lull.  II  eo.1'1  ll    ,"~i  h 

Olllll-CMlt.         it    h    .ih 


1  ;   I  I  iJiiie- 


I.  A  L  A  N  1). 


to  1 1  utli  ea!l,  ami  .'.!'.. ut  1  c  in  bii...hii.  ti.-m  loe 


to  iiortli-ea 


It.    1 


'IIF. 


-..!  of  I.ahuiil  i.-.  fitiiateil  on  the  ca(Tv.-an!  of       lor  it-,  litua'ion  aiui  IriiitI 


jonil'.olm  IS  a  plaee  oi  jji.m  le 


i...;.   .'.niil,    aiul    to 

.leli  it  is  lijiar.iieil    by 


fro  11 

Gror.e  S'juni!.     1' 

iippcllalion    of   I..r:an.l,    or    I 
.1 


fouth.war.l    of    /lalm-l,       'he    aielibilhoi 


vf      I, 


a  nnrr 


'W    It 


om  it.^  louiiel;,  or  ll.itiu 


rait,  e.uleil 
it  h.u  tiie 


n  ;     li'Jt 
t'lok   liolletiioii   ol    it  in   the    vear 


Ml  I  ^,  aiiil  b.  lop.,' 
ill''    c; 


lohl! 


Av 


iieeeli.iry  lor 


h.r  t! 


le  1  .el  he  w. 


prep.irmi:;  a; 


ovvl.in 


J.      I 


1.1, 


t    is    iie.ir   4, 


S\ve>li  11  ;    wliieli    ulurpitii.i    (lei-re    Sr  lti,bui;^,    v 


miles  III  ;en;^t!!,  aiul  about  :o  1:1  breaiitli,  w  In  re  wt.lilt. 
'1  he  I1..I  is  very   tertil--' ;    lj  that  Copeiih.i^eil  i^  fiippli- 


V  as  tii'.ii   arehlulli 


.1 


il  h 


.soMer,    lit 


n  v.iiii,  tor  he  w.i,  loreiil   .itterwanh.  t.)  llv   into  (' 


cil  tri   a  licnce  vvitu  rreat   oiK'.i'tities  e: 


ll. 


mi!"',   to  avDi 


i   til 


e    (  iietts   I  .i 


tile   k 


ilil; 


vhat  t!  e  Dutch  trailers  arc  !iirnilhei.i  witli  Im-  1  .•;[ m 


(.1.        i  he    Sv\e.!is    have    In  ipu  ntiv  !  I'.l    tb.is    ill.iiul 


lion.     •J'iii,  illaiiil  i.>  ilivideil  iiit  )  live  ililirlLt  ,  or  b.i.li-       ar.il,  in  the  war  with   I'leih-nek   il.  lluy  niaile  ih-- 

l.lvis  iiialiers  ol  it,   reul  iiili.;iieil  to  kee]i  it  ;   l.ut  i: 
uere  obli",eil  to  relloie  ii  bv  thetrisity  ol  L'ojJi  tih  1  ,. 


Mu:ks,   H  the  leat  ol    :i  rovernor,   a: 


uU 


.  vu-.il  I. 


fable  j'l  tl 


)  Us   luriliii^l.oii. 


It 


e  iiihriis    va:,!  1; 


1- 


.ir;t   little  vili.rj 
•..,in;:r    to    the   liobl. 


nil!    hanih. 


(  .\ehiiive  o 


a   t.>v   ll 
i    hnr    tii'.ii 


ileil    M 


IV    2- til,     li  (,  J. 


N.iiJ.iv.-,  .Saxeopim,',  I.eveni 


eoi 


;'.il 


i  Nv 


11.  lees   are      aiulwvi  I 


teiil  v,    oil 


•11 


on    trie   n 


the    h,m: 


.iMiiiUi    e.Mn, 
\,   on    the   i 


ih 


N.'.f: 


or  Na.xkow,  tne  cijiiial,  is  ^  i  mJis  loiuli-       a 

h 


,imt  I ,    to  the   iioiiii  01 


•  n   til.-  f.ii 


%vclt  h  111  t-oper,li:i..;eii,  and  ha.  a  commoilion^  li.nbour 
for  tr:.,\-.  '1  he  lillu  rv  i^  ol  finle  eoiili-iiueiiee,  and  the 
cireniii;..ieiit ei-untt}  i-  rieli  in  nuailow  and  |valinre  lands. 


it  ;  bell 


vv.iii.li  t..i.ie  .ire  1  ere  l.,ver.;l  v. 


1 


le  rell 


euiit.i.n  le.-.iini;;  worthy  01  [lartieuhir  iiuiiee 


I\I.\NY  litite  iihinJs  hirronn-l  the  ah- 
oin's  :    Init  th    .'    aie   e; 


mo;r  eorii.hr. 


M     0     0     K. 


.itid,   or  ol   fo  little  miportiUi.  e,   ;s  iio;  1  1  b.-  t!;. 
oirtliy  ol    ne.luo  hv   Iravelk  .^,   or  ol   •neutimi  h\ 
r.i'hers.      Soiiii'    otlier-i  aio  eoiui    n 


to    till 


.mil  to  1:11.  ir.ir'i 


to  the    lomli  caft 
.III  ol  l-'allh.r.      It 


loii.f  to  the  otm  r 


,1    l.ier.ir 


.. ~.    miks  lo.i<. 


b. 


ere  is  loiii.;  \- ; 
:  wa-;   lormerl 


biO.^d, 

■;:l 


aiiit  tiiil  1 


A   I 


about 
halk 


:rai>i.oI   v.hieli   are  ^al..l  le  ami   i 


Sai.,1 


leil   eiialKv 


r.re  '•rouiiil,  l.",it  vet  y 


litlf 


lait  of  the  Daiiilh  admiral' 
aii.'V.ance,  as  b'.in--  tiie  Hill  jJacc  lor  liiiii  to  refidc  in 


eo.ilt  o 

.Saillle 
t! 


f  jet 


laiut. 
or    Saii'.loi     1:    in    t 


he  r 


from  the  eoalt  of  Jutland.      ! 

lent. til,  three  in  brcaihh.  Iruiiluh  h.,, 


u  .'r   mue   miii.s   ri 


.riiv. 

)U';;f,  M  Sti  koi',  will.. . I 
1)11  ii  litili;  rivulet,  tl  it 

I   C.\\U\\    (illlllC    S,  Ul',!. 

:  ;i;,'.\iiill  tlic  l.ub  i  k^  i< 
u  111  111  ritrt-.it  :  .I'ul  '  ;: 
;  wllu!.'  il'.ili.l  ^\,i>  I.  •. 
iliilnl  lii,:nklv.  ■■  I  .;,ti' 
:/.-r  i'.I.iu;:,  lui.l  iloii:. 

A  N   I). 

n.'lis  Im:)",  -in.'  I ;  '  t 
ii-.iur  l',li,l  I  '.AC  i 
nil  w'n:  1',  p.',  .i:^  I  ,  • 
■A  I  \.  .\\  ^;'i  !■  ;;:i  ;.  I- 
;",!»l  illili  ii;  :;.,",  i  ii  r  ; 
.\  .  :Ml-  |.i\s;l,  I'lMl,    .'     • 

.. ,  v.'..L..  1.1  Mw.i-  .  ;...  ■ 


i'l.-ili,    lir-;i  V  '■(■II;-;-  I:    < 
1  is  1.. .t   ;i!'i>\i-  I  Am  ,   I    i 
.I'u;    r   "i;   .It,   i.    .  t    : 
1   i;    I-  1  .:t    :i   I     I  1 
,   !■.    !1    I,  hU.  ,1   1,     •      i 

V  lili  r<  ;.  r.il    !■'  :.      i  ■ 
,111   1\'.   W.i'   n     :  I 

illtr  ol'  \\\<.  II'  .1  ',  t'     I 
1,  v.l.ivli   c.iu!..l   '  .  '     ) 

put  l!r  'H  !   ;.;.iii;l'.i,. 
ii  •-(■.      1  iiir.  lil-.uu!  • 

'I'ur/-,  iir.J  \i:!  I  :>  ;  r 
.,1  l\tiri.|.'ip.'  •li.  ■  i 
,■.•  !,'■  i  I!  n  i  I.  !.:.  .., 
,  uit  i-i!  the  I'.itl.  (^f. 

.)  1,  :.i. 

Irr'.i':;'.!,   is    fi'M   t'-"  1-   ■  ; 

ov.iiis,  tlic  it  I  '  i  .1  i^i'i  •  •• 

a:u!  u'.nil  I.'  '-.  ••'■)■  I  '  .'  ' 

,ii:i'  1^1    l).-nni.i.k,   !■; 

.i/r.l  tl.  tl'-.    c.^.        ' 

>,i'i  (  t    ."-I  li.    1  ii  ■•■  I    • 

I       ,   ir.it.i  I  ■'■.'.  '■  .  '- 

....fill,  !i.n;i  l.-r,:.-.'    .!-. 

.ICC  I'i  ;,u.'.t  ii"i'  ::  ■  ■  '■ 

I ;,  ;ii.d  Ik  Kill''/,  il  o)\  c  .) 

l".it    l.iii;.;    l- :'■•:'    -   H. 

r    1  •, :  .,  ;i-   l>-li 

u.  .  pii-iMrii!}';  ;r  '.    '•: 

(icr.i-  .■    SilLlniif:,    \     > 

wuii  I'M  I:;-:  iMiM.-r.   I',  t 

waul .  t.i  llv   iiitii  <■   ,  - 

,1    tin;   Kir.''s    ihljr'  .  .  :'■. 

!  i  .1   th.^    iil.iiui   V.  ...    ; 

^   II.  til.  y   maiif  I'r  '  .- 

J  to  l-.qi  it  ;  I'lit  t;    . 

•.iiaiV  1  I  C^  p.  :ilil  ,.  '■, 

I  in'    ir.ipl!.    i:i  11. .il'  i'l'    '- 

iKil'.ln  111    ( iia'l  i    I  •   '■  ■ 

,  \,    nil    tlif    ( .-.ibi:    ; 


V 


111 


,.;  N'.  s,  I'll  ill'  1. 1..- 


l:crj  Lvcrai  v.n,  .>■!. 


x\w  •.■.11 
tl;    .■   aic  t 


l.i  r  lu  1.'  '  ■ 
■.  ;,;  iMi;  \  <  li/  tl:'  '  ,  t 
.  ,  el  ■r.ci.ti.ill  !'•>  :  ■ 
\\  I!-  "i  til  I'l.i  ■.".,  ...  1 
.!  i..-n;i;.,'l.;  tlv:"',;; 
I  iL-  a..il   '.'..'  ■  '',  '  '1  '•'■'-■ 


It  i-   II  .'i-  iiir.i-   muIls   y\ 
u',  In*:.'.'-,  -r.J  \'\^.-  ■'  ■■  '■■ 

i.^t;.i\v 


Eunopr..]                                D   r.  n  ?.i   a   n   i:.                                       633 

(,.  r'lw  l)i-lonc;<;  tii  tlio  tli'ircfo  of  Aalnir,  ojipuiiic  to  'j  liaMtant^   (lill   prefervc  t!ic  lan.rmr-^r,   tnnnnrr';,  anil 

wiiidi  it  li;.i,  at  ab.nit  ilic  ilill.iiict;  ol    iz  mili  ^  Irotii  1  il.^l's   <.l  tin"  am  ii'iit  I'riliiii^,   ilnm;.^li   loi.u  ».t    thi-ia 

tlic  lliorc.       It  is  liinMiiinl'.i.l  by  laiu!  lii!ls,    but  lias  Ijifak  llic  iliiilctl  ol  l.oucr  Sa.voiiy.  ' 

t\V(i   placi.'i   wlii.ri,'    lliijn   in.iy    ride   l.iLly    at    aiu-lior,  ' 


(<:i  tlic  ti..<rtli  aiul  call  livks,  and  L'uiitaiii;>  thrc;;   liiiail 

Vlil.l,L5l.'». 

Aj'prrt.ilnin;;  ifi  1  C'"ul;;iMU,i  to  tiic  i!ii,!iy  I'i  Sl.i'- 
v.if,  arc  tlic  liiil.iwiii.;  iil.uul.i,  viz. 

Rum,  wliiili  IS  ill  liii'.;tli  liviti,  ;ui.l  in  brci'.Mi  1.  iir 


s  r.  c  T  1  ()  i;    IV. 

/..■•  .,.•■  ' .',  A'  V  ■  ■/,   I. -..m. ':■:■,  c:,!  F  ii'ii  i>f  (,'  .in:i)!ciit 
if  :iv  D.iu'i,  I'  .,.>■  it  li  t.t  iii'iJci-.i. 


r'.ilf?,  '-in.Miii^  ln.T.i!  (.;'..i!l  liiiii.L:.,,  an. 1  ail  w.  \\   ~>       r^'M!''. '•!i,'^ti:in;c' rl't'.^'  I"),irv-.  !'!  c  tliat  ol  tin- Nor- 

J[      v...      .1,   IS  a  (•'  :rupi(  .1  111 ;!,  i;  1)1'  tin-    I  I'utoMi..-, 
.11  I  in  p:ii'.',;ii;  ;;i:iii;i  li.;.;')  an.t  ilif.bn.iiit.     It  is  inttr- 


i!:l\.iliit..iit'..    I'uv.ai  ,t    i'..:  I  .i.l.  Ill  p  u-.j  tlic  p.iiln; 'y,!'  i 
tattk'  is  I  \.  I  ll''iu  ;  I'l.i  I  11  ili-^  ut:!:  rn  li.i"  <  i  tlic  ill.i-  .1 
arc  l.vir.il  lu.ib.iu;  ,  i.i  \v!ui.li  Im.ul  >.i.i.ls  lu.iy  ri.l.j 
in  fility. 

'I  lie  ;M-c..;i.ll  p.i'*  III  Maiinc,  li.r'inrly  a  toiir;.li.r..l!c 
il'iulj.'.'-;  1;  .11  '.-...li  .v.'d  iij>  by  t!.'.  Iia. 

I  !.c  1.' i".,l  1..      \lt    li    .;;ii;r;  il  to  tin.-  iiiirl';'.-. :.u!  ii 
r   r.i,   a;!.!  l<  ui    ,i  \(  ,i!";'ili,ir  biriii,   t'lC  Ji'M;     ll  i  .'  ■  i  r 
ir;  ai   lut   l^'iil-.  in  L.i'-tli.      It  l^  !',c;.!y,  b  1. 1    •;,  :'t;.l 
ii.li 'ipii.-'.  1.  ;   an  1  til    p.i-pli,  \.\\i  ari- a  h  :  r. ,  il    .- 
n.ili  r.ic,  .11.'  .iniiuil".  en  ;..  ;,il   in   !!:c  v.!i  !.    r  'i 


I   A.  d  v.itli  inany  Duidi,  li.rman  aii.l  IVciiili  word  i ; 
1  ■.;:  lii'j  l-/'  f'ii  is  tlic  l.'ii.'ii.i  ■!•  lit  li.c  I'l  u.r. 

1  ';•  I  !l  -Linlicd  fi.  li,;'i'll  I'i  p..  Ill;  ;rl..  i.,  tlic  I.ntlicran. 
'1  'i  ■  I.f  'i'  .'i'  is  ciir.'i.icrcd  .;•;  divbicj  into  ii.s  di.ict-r.  s, 
'•..'.  1  ill.  .1  /  ■..iLiiid,  (SIC  in  1  a.:i  n,  and  I.  nr  in  Jtit- 
1.1  .1  ;  but  ilul.'  ar  •,  in  i.ui,  \,o  I'-liir  tli.nt  rupc'.-iii;cn- 
il  11' i'..  ;  b  .•  tiny  iirc  \',itl.int  c'u -.ir.iU,  ccclciiadic.il 
c  11'.,  i.r  1.  ii'j.vi.Mii;!  .-.  '1  I.L'  j.ii.'lpal  biiliiuls  (li 
V'x'x  r.iip-,  <n- rrillnr  liip'-.n.*!  n  I.mu<,  i.-i  to  inipc^k 


on  tlic  CO  ;:l  ;  i.l  lci.l.i:.,l,  tincni.iiii',  ai  .1  .^p',  ii.r'vn.  lie  ilii.liii,'.-;  aad  morals  d  tlic  iniVriiir  cicr'jfv.  iiu: 
K'.ri'icn  iin.-,  c  lilt. lii. ill  ■  l.mn.i'i  1;.  :i. 'i,  aii;;..;,  .'.c.  Lipcrii.ti  ill  nils  a.''.'  tut  iliilir.'nillic.l  li-o.n  nth-.-'"  ini- 
l..\i-  been  buin.l  1.1  l.ic  bim  il  ti.ii  itl.iiu',  v,'i'....i  i.'b  , -i  1  ••  tle.ir  liablt  ;  the  i 'cii.  .J  ilri.l>  cvnililiin;;  i.lil 
l.i.:!i.r  (•\iiiees  t.iat  i;.c  ;.,ie.i...t  l.,l  ..;  ::.n,ti  L.;;;..'d  bl.u ';  .'.'■••.n  with  lli  •;  ilec'v  ■-•,  a  ri  mid  cap  witliilit 
tlk  II'  ill, id. 

Noiilhliaiil  li- .  I'pp'.'i";:.- tl  t!r.'  I  i'!'".'.  ',  :i!!:!  to'.-.n 
fil  Ib.iluin,  ..'id  V.  ,  ,  i:  ii  i.iiJ,  I;  I  ,'.  .:    i  nnii  tiie  •  n- 


t:ii'  lit  l;i'  .1    11. 


i;  iiiir;n.     \i  i:  n 


a;.'  an 


it  WK  ab.i'i'  i;  1.1'..  lli.,,,  a.' I  l"ii"  i>;,i.i.i,  in  i^  nc 
|i!,ic  ',  an.i  i:i  w...  ;  .  ief..'  hi  lid  .,.  v.;rv  liU:l!;i',  ;.;;.! 
prudii  'I  ...i.iii.l  .11  - -•  111  ^•■•.■n  bel.i;e  t.ic  iniin.l '.ti.n . 
vs.' lii  ,1.  1,; '.i.i.'ii  li  r..'nii.ier.  1:  li.il :..'.  > 'I'erv  i.u  pr.ilu. .  ^ 
\\!i,.'  'i.'jv  1'  le.  .h. .;;:;•)  1  I  e.. ;;..•;  a. 1.1  t:.;".'  iile.l  ;. 
1  ;i.l  il-.i'.  .1  Ibllil'i,  .iiiil  ul'i  r  pl.ii'  .,  a  |  ;■.>,':■.,  oi 
r.ni'.b  1  Ol    ;'i  ■■  ;■,   I  ).. '  ,    il'.i.'k  ,    a:^.!  ■■,    ■ 


n,. 


t'l  .  -,  a;  1  a  lai-^'j  ru'l'  „•.■  vat  iIil  i.e.!..  '1  he  rcveiin.: 
o'  ih.  i  ^'^..i  I  (;r  Inpei'l.Kciiii.'.nt  el  C  ip'.'nlia;.;cn,  wli'.ell 
\>  tl..'  1.  '..  .i  bciu  Ice  in  I'.i.'  vi.  .I-J  kiii'dein,  aaiiunt.i 
i'  '..  1  I'l  '  tl..ni  ir-.  ■■}  :;,';-..'.,.!!  ;,■■,  ur  abnut  .-.lol.  Ilcr- 
i.'i,:  p  r.  .  ivn.  'I'll-  ...  I".  ..r  •  v.  i.olly  dcpcn.Ivnt  on 
t  ■  ",■'.'.;  ;!■;;  •;:,  nii.l  ar.-  i  b  1  ;  ■  1  to  acl  well  the  ut- 
I..  '1;  I  il)  i;;.  .'in  aii  1  !'  r\  1  : ,'  i.i  b  ■  emit.  r»;K  to  make 
1'  ;■.;■!;..  1  1  I'  1  .,.■;  <■'/';,  -.I  to  b.-  i  i  obr.iiuiou.s  to  one 
e...  ,  '  .  I  -ip'",  tiny  t.il'.'j  car.' M  i.i;.",v  their  .nuhoi'ity, 
;....l  ''.  ■■:■■.'.■  I.V  v.wv  aii'\li  r  e'.u-  ;  lor  Iia\in;;  aeijuived 
.1   ;.    .   1..:;  1    I'.ien:e  c\cr   t'le  i  ibuls  ot  tli.'  eeii'inoa 


-.1 


..ll!t.  1. 


It    Ciiilaii, 


;  1 


)Ut     O        '11:.  I,r.; 


lt^  ;    but  '.•-  in  ,  il 


tl; 

■nf' 


I  serei.  •  a 
•ec>.    'ilee 


b 


tu  ll 


t\  raiiny  ov.  r 
,  ni'eutli  v.itli- 


I    ..ril    till 


lull;  e.i'.o'l 


tie  y.'.ir    i 
r.il  liuii'i'i.' 


wav. 


ri.iK .;  II  I 


'i   K 


ll   I 


uu  •    t.iir; 


•'  li'  tl ' ,  a',  i  lo  iv  I'l  t.ie.i  le.iii  v 


lu  V  '  .1  .1  .  'vii' 


cseani,'  irv 


beill'b 


1111  ii;i.  rs 
n,..|.'  le  ' 


Ion    a. .'  li!i;  ilv    i..- 


11  alit.l: 


■i    I    iv  ]..  i:' 


i  .le  nc-n  m  ,ii'  ap 


ll.ilM 


ei    i: 


bill 


V'  :'v  iniu: 


il.   I' 


r.'in  1  ll    .:  (o    '  i 


i.Ki   I' 


•  Uieii  iinii.d 
i  p'lt  ;i'.-  ;,:; 
.1.  I.  Iv     ill      I  I. 


ai.  Ol'  I'le  ar.. 


.1  Ol.  ■  ninii   i. 
■.    '■'  1  '.v: '.    .: 


■  .1  -or 
.\la  •- 


t'i:'v  have  iil.ie.'d  ii:i 


V    \. ;  le  an  v.'.  ..id 


11  r  hel.ne  t u  ni   .i  altar. 


A.s  t: 


le'.'  \\:\.\il 


tia;e  to  n  p.  ir  i;i..'n'  li.iii 
.'  a:;. I   picL  nr.i.nu   pi'.i'. 


O.iob 


I    l..e  cloe.v 
I',     ,iiio\o    ( 


;he   V, 


O.O     pJll. 


)  r'  t.i.  .e  Milli  111 
.i   ihj   XII  h%,   a;; 


r  a  lsnii.1   i.l   i,Ciin 
I'ut  on    a  lie  iier    ai 


lit  f' 


lit   lu  )l\ 


lliird  U   caij')!.  '  '\ 
11  I  toii'u  til  ;ii.    lit 


tl'.c: 


.li.  t.u;  iiili.i.jita;; 
tli.ir    llv...     '1 


:  ,  tlicrc  Wire  i..n . 
lie    liiinciic',    wl.i 


t';.-  I!    lin  i;i..>..i! 
id  iiil.iS  w  ere  r.ii 


I  i'l'  U  ■.r  ui   luch  a  m 


d.u..; 


ll  I  inur.i    (;  r,  b.ib'y 


Ineni 


11.1  placed  tiicir  nanus  l.veiaiiy  ana  ri  Ipecavel/ 


I'',  ir  leet. 


lour  c!  ill  ill  tee.  V 


of  t' 


the  J,. 


In   I' 


\  1 .    1  ;■  i\o, 


.1    1.1  a  iii/iin;  I  1 
!■:  ■:.■'  in   ^.v 


lol,  ll!   ciill.' 
V-..---^   he.uli 


all  i: 


:i  til.-.-  li.i. 


a"i'cl.i    w. 


1.1  la.-,  i. 


1  o.:cin"  111  lenp'.ure, 
iiela'J  ;  be.:  Uii.nijpi- 
11    •  vet  two  li-urei  re- 


lent Iil.lC,  s. 


a'Kl   no   ni.re   ai. 


ti; 


tli.v    lecni    to 


111  ii,.l   coiv  ';iii 


!  .ii   oveilli 


'ini 


v. ;  ;ea 


C.\.'rpt  a    ll 

rell. 


b.en.:;t  a  \, 


W.r:V    Vi.C    Oi    ti.c.n    tb'.-y 


tii.it    tiiiie    t   e    II 
I  , 


n.ii'.i'i    li.e.'i 


lii. Ill   i: 

!.;l>r.: 


.; 


v.  .lii 


i.be.ee   ol    I.i  iv    l)uter..ni:!,    t.j  rt    iin  i-.arr  ol   le.c 


la'i.l  t';e' 


t.iiit.      It 


Ol'  .Viiiroen,  i.s  a  liir;.;  il.,i;i  i  to  t.ic  norti'.-v,  t  ;l 


,  ■   I'lit  tiu:   v.or.l    c!;.  r, 
■.>  i.j  111  ,,hf  !"-•  ;   a 
c.ieiii ;  but  who  ill  it  J, 


but    Lk  it  u 
1  lee'  n.iier  ll..-v 


iLelcrni 


,ed 


ne:l|  i.^f  Ceiitii.ue-:  ur.ce. 


li.'in  \.,iica  ll  I-,  aoout  Islii  nines  i 


lie. 


Til  J  i)anej  liavc  a  e.reat  iiaeiijn  K,f  loi.oron;  n'.nlic; 
■;,.e  their  or.uaniil.i  cnrerta'n  the  con','re;;ati'jn  lor  a 

i'iius 


lerable  time,  both,  b.'i'ice  and  alter  lirvice 


orin  01  a  c;\icen' 


aiiil  I;  ei'.lv  C' 


H■ar^,  tliat   uiiere  ilk 


belli 


lind 


ii'i  i.:l  ll  l.ir  li.,  oviter  bliicry. 


n"'    "ronn.l,   h,ir;;-onv   wiil   ol'l.iiu   an 


,1  eii.ien  ty 


aiul  re.irer  t. 


ir,  he-;  to'.'.aril.i  !i!C  nor'.!;-'.':,"  of  .'Xinron,   ''   inut.ii'ec;   and  people  withoui  talte,  and  who,  in  ';erc- 
ceal'l   ol'  .' leUsie,  between   .Northrir 'ill        r..!,  ii.ue  but  veiv  c;  u.lc  notions  ol  ele",aiu.'e,  wiUiiiil 


n '.s  to  t:ie  \in  le 


;torll. 


id  i,.  el' 


n  nf    luiidir, 


ic  ininic. 


an  0-,  ,il  li.'ure,  aieiut  liv  mile:;  in 


It   a! 


)ouiiils   in  rat* 


.)  '.so  m'.i.uKtant.-;,  an 
Ko.  (S. 


.1  kvera!  villi 


i!iC 


M.m  n-.ny  Jul"';, 
1  b  1  lonl  is  tnui 


tnnerni  Urania  ainnne, 
c,  and  liiii  Lieul't  a  Ijie 


A  lyi 


rt 


/ 


^  ^ 


1 1 


i' 


■»  'i 


p: ;  ijl! 


i 


!  Hi  ' 


PA  '  ! 


p'':  1:11 


H*  1  (' 


A  NKW  Asn  AUTIirNTtr  SVSTrM  ov  TtNI\'rU'^Al.  Gl'.Or.llAlMlY. 


"  A  Ivre  wli'u-li,  v,\u\c  its  various  notes  .i;,r^i' 

"  Kiri  nstlu'  IvMvts  c)|  its  own  liirinor 

•'  In  ii>  rouuli  li.itrckl  with  lii'.t  love  is  j  miiM, 


liiil'J 


iii)\v  r 


Aiu!  I'liriglitlv  li.ipi',  witli  i;i.iv'liii};  k,ir  ..on 
•'  To  torm  tilt:  p.irts  ot  our  li.irinoiiious  ir.iiul. 
•'  What  r.i\i!hf>  the  loul,  wli.u  vli.irms  tli*.'  cir, 
••  1<  mulic,  tliiMij;h  .1  various  ilnlsit  wear. 
♦'  hr:tiity  i<  mulu:  too,  tli)'  in  ililiuiili.-  ; 
"  Too  lino  to  touJi  thi-  car,  it  ilii!%is  thi'  eyes. 
«'  '  I  ij  Miiiiic  hfaviiil).  Inch  a'  in  .i  IpUcic 
"•  We  only  can  ailinirc,  but  cannot  hiar. 
"  Nor  I-.  tlic  pow'r  ot  nunilKi.-.  Uls  bilow  ; 
"  By  ihk'in  all  l.u;noiir>  \iill,  all  p.liion-  I'ow, 
'•  AiiJ    llubl-'orn  trowJi  a;.    >.hair,\l,    v ;  1 

not  liow. 
"  I.ct  •  I'.nr  arts  in  li'nrJJ's  ni.tttiis  r-i-n, 
♦'  .Min,.>:  ia  bral's,  it  v. 'tli  nii.\\i  \MCi:<  H.iin  } 
•'  Mulic,  the  miul-.ty  aitiih  man  can  in!'-, 
*'  As  Ion,'  as  it  has  niiinbi.r>,  1.^'  a  1.  ul." 


Thouc'i  linrninff,  tVoin  th- iitti  i'tion  rrven  to  vnr:- 
cus  inanula«.turts,  anJ  tlu;  iVluicc  i  I  ;..;i  i.uiinrc,  is 
at  a  low  ebb  in  this  kiiif:JiMn,  it  h.i>  p..  ilncul  lomc 
few  pcrl'oiK  aihviirably  cMiincnt  In  the  niatliur.aiical  k\- 
cncis,  aiul  thf  irt  ot  nifi'uinc,  l\ich  as  I  \i  ho  Hr.Jic, 
Bortichins,  litrlholincs,  i^o.  Hut  the  nu  lit  ef  thde 
is  to  lie  onliiicretl  a-,  the  t  n'nl,i;<  i.ce  nf  a  eoiiut,  eh. si- 
lencing tlie  jjrcater  ailniii.'.iion,  lui'.eic  lo  klJonl 
iVen.   '  I'hc  hnall  pr.'iTeisol   the  Oar. 


m  t- 


!cienee>'. 


om  a  1 1  :et  i.ve 


,.1 


however,  appears  alio  ti>  rilv.'.! 

Hitution,  anJ  an  cppii  lii'.  e  Mnei 

at. ul  lawyers,  a^  tliev  a:  ■  .;  itc!;. 

conn,   and   preat   L  lu^   <•;    t'l/ 

r-.e;iii!y     lohlcrvient.      Il    is    t;ii; 

fpeau'e  places  in  the  I'c  ile  of  ila\   rv,  but  they  lil!  th 

as  (o  many   cyphers,  or   r.n  >  t  ;'.■•  it  many  niaclni 


nielU  ;   t'  r  li.e  cLTi-y 

.'i  peiul  ■.'•■t  tip  "1   lie 

k':;i ',  I  rn,    a;-    nio:l 

t'lcv    li:i     th'.if     re- 

X 


tliat  ar-  movtv 


at  tl 


'    eireinonv,  the  bell  w  \\  they  ciiiKI,  aini  ihje.l  jire- 

'•  I'li.tly  a  b  ttcr  man  in  lii»  Ittad  ;    liinuinneit  the  ii.-.c 

)      !  ( I  km  to  him  ;  U'tnetimes  the  valiant  in  in  tliat  IkhI  ex. 

, '.    '     p   Icil  hi'iilell   lo  lar  as  to  uiulertikc  the  execuli  ;',  IT 

\         the  killin;,;  ol  the  tvant  ;   aiiJ,  at  ollvr  liiiu  s,  a  ;v  vutc 

pcilou  »)t  j^ood  reputation,  who  jioihbly  leall  dii..  iit  nj 

\'i  liieh  an  ajvancenier.t. 

I         rretjiMit    ineeiint^  of  the   llites  uas  a  fii;u!.',e  -  ■  •  ,1 

.'   part  ol   the  conllitution.     In  t!.  !'•   iicit'in;   a'   i.m. 

'     teiM    relatit.^    ta   j;o,h1    j^oveiiunvnt   \ve;e   ir.  ::l  .     ,; 

'  jjoo.l  laws  were  eiia.leil  ;  all  all'.iirs  beoii  ;in;.^  to  ]v  ; 
"i  ('.  w.ir,  alliances,  dilpotal  ul  threat  r-liiets,  e.  .5,;,,k;j 
ol  iuani;'.;;es  lor  the  royal  lainiiy,  ;?;c.  were  ileh.it  . 
I'he  impoiiiii;  ot  taxes,  or  di  in.indiii.i;  ot  ben.  vi  ',.■.  , 
were  juirely  acciilental  ;  no  eonllaiit  tribute  b;  .  . ;  1 1  r 
paid,  or  any  money  levied  on  the  people,  unlcK  e.;  ; 
to  maintain  a  ntcellaiy  v.ar,  with  the  aJvi.e  av,.l  c  . 
Iei;t  ol  the  nation,  or,  by  vay  ol  Iree  ',■,'''>  'oc'r  .. 
lu'te  to  railc  a  dan  , liter's  portion  ;  t!ie  kin_.;'>  y^ m  •  c  , 
at  that  lime,  ci'iilillmg  only  in  the  ren'.s  nl  I  l^  1  i:.  . 
and  demeliu  s,  in  his  her<is  o|  <  attle,  Kirtll.,  Ivxi  . 
i.t  tenants  in  manuriiiLr  and  cullivatiiii;  lil>  j;r.'i;'  '  , 
k^c.  cutlonis  upon  merchaiuii/.v-  bein^.;  an  imp'  lu  im  i 
I'fe  crejit  into  this  part  ot  the  world  ;  to  that  h-  ii.'  , 
like  one  ot  our  modern  noblemen,  up  ni  t'  e  iwit^v  j 
I't  his  own  tllate,  and  tut  not  throu^^h  the  Iwe.u  i  .  i  . 
lubpcls  brows. 

1  he  bu!inel>  of  the  kinp  wai  then  to  lie  a  >'ue  ■■  .1 
impartial  ailmlnilhatioii  ot  jullue  i  xeeu'e.i  ...■.  u  ; 
to  the  laws  ;  ii.iy,  olteii  to  iit  and  i!o  it  i;l'ii,>.:  ;  i  '  - 
w,.tcl.l'ul  and  M.;ilaiit  hu- the  \\eu,.n  ol  1.'-  r  ;  ■.• .  '.• 
eoni:r,and  in  perl'on  lluir  arnr  ■,  -w  tle.e  ■■!  v  ;  to 
eMi:oura;:c  reli;:;ioii,  arts,  aid  h-ii;.  14 '•  •■i-i  i:  '■  >■■"• 
hittrelt,  as  will  as  his  duty,  to  l.r-  ■>  .  >:r  v,;-,m  t'.,  ;  il- 
hty  aiui  ti'-'"''y>  •"'"■'  ^'~  ^••'''•''"'  '  '  ^'"''  I'^'^h''  I";  '■'  ■■'> 
lul  jc^is. 

Such  was   the   ani-ier.t  form   ol'  rovfrnnn-i.t  ii  ;'  : 


A.-,   the    ancient    li 
was  ih-  lame  with  tl; 


■in   Ml 


n 


in  iiio 


ft,  il  not  all,  p.  ris  o 


I  1 


d   t! 


verne 


leir   eunqui 


lt>,    Tl 


n  a 


^int 


fveii  the  boors 


had  tl 


mar 


III. 


w 


10  rcij^'iic. 


in  1 


iiiemorahle  aniwcr  10  t.ie  p<' 


iple  01    all  r.nil.s 

,01    kill-     WJilr 

.r.tiwlei' -ed  in  lii 
•!•),  wli.i  iirvtciiJ 


cd 


R 


10  a  ;. 


reat   pouer  o'. 


(1;: 


Il  ive 


I, -doi.i  li-  n 
an. I  I'lir  reh" 


n  I 


theie  pre 
d 


vcneil,  wcv 


ind  if  yen  ;;ruv';^e  it  i:  , 
feiits."  'I  he  Hates  ol  th' 
e  to  elect,  lor  tl.eir   p 


luiii  iiie  eliui 
'.'. e    ri.iounce 


<is 


to   tl 


lem  appcnre^: 


ful,  alTable,   a  maiiuanu-r  u 


prople,  1 
lor  gove 


iru 

linn 


dent, 


id 


f  i! 
d 


it  by 
;  con- 
perllm 
iiierci- 
'1    t',<- 


wit: 


cut,   and   re-;ui.iie   (or  the  great  ir 


.hd  in  h"n  ;   vtt  w.:U  a  Jr. 


tiie  privxiniig  Ki: 
a   pel  Ion   I'.ius   (J 


W.tllill 


.ihflcd. 


to    1.1 


tllOl! 


ht  n  1  ut  a 


.lilt    o 


tl' 


Lter   hnn  h 


ore  any  i ' 


f, 
V  111 


icr  to  r.ii 


re  p 


■n  tl-.e- 


.It  t 


h■^  had 
rtiir-.   v,i.r 


/  ehleil  1' 
.(■   v..'ir"i' 


e   ti.e   ''ici'i 


11,: 


t.ltliilis    to 

,    in  1'  .n.-.- 


■e  coVLlo 


■reiv 


to    li 


,t   i: 


r. 


11,  alter  luch  a 


fu 


m.'uueii, 


ani' 


liiat  i:i.-\ 


vr.i^j 


in:u. 


tyrannical,  e -v'. ! 
Iv   depoled    hlni. 


en  11  time,- 


,\  mal.iis): 


hiM  riilv.er 


ti.iy   il. 
'I-  'he 


L",iy  (.1    the   pe.'p 
1:1  ikiii;^'  ol  partie-, 


..lul   t'lein- 


lion,   thry 


ih.r   lor- 
repre!'entative 


.In  i  ■ , 


\.' 


II   11 


i/roAii  too  I 


to  luiiport  liiiiiit 


b  I. 

!\:.  li  as 
.idler  ,  CM!;ira'. .in;:  ot  al- 
.■■,■;  I'l'ii'm  III  the   |).'i-)ple's 


t.) 


1(  ".iliv  con- 


tci.dcd  ui.o, 


y  more 


S-. Ii.ca   em; 


d 


\Mt!i    iii;  e 


II.Ul  "1 


et  I  tii..,  '.I. at  tiie  power  u 


I  111!-  lu 


I.ie  \i-^;r  I(  (' 


.11,  a!  ore  11 


■  1  ati 


w  .1;  ell.'. 


,t,  t;.e  wii.-: 
.le  Ikh  >Jit.o ' 


the  kiii_;  abli.hile. 

'1  hiv  liii'^ular   r.V'.hition  wn;   tin 


After  the  pt 


laec  with  Sweden  loe 


a  mi 


cd.iinitous  lituarion : 


le  iie.ii'irv    w 


nincli  exnauiiei 


!U 


that,  when  t.iC  .ociv  w 


IllhiUU 

iLiiei. 


d.  tl 


lere  was  n.o  nioiu 


tne  u 


the  f)ldierv  bec.ime  inloieii  .ind  h.i-  1 


the  l.nne  ti  ne  tlie  nobles  -aeie   | 


.r.niM  ai 


the   clergy   i 


anee,  and 


.1  th 


til 
.1 


anil 


Itl 


Icontentei 
I'.il'relpe 


t! 


:l  v.i: 


iicli  t: 


le  coiiiiiii.n,! 


Il\ 


tlie  lieavv  l.ixe-.  i\it!i 


h  which  ill.  V  iiad  liccli  ( 


earrv  o!^  t: 

At  t' 
redrel-  the 


w  ar. 

erhis  the 


n.\u 


alieitiM..' 


to   .' 


,  ol  the  iKition,  wi.en 
I, 


ed  In-  tlie  eoiui.-.oiis  ihat  .in  ecpial  ane.  cijui.-i 
be  L.l.l   I'p.  ;i  all  perlliiis  iiidHeiimina'.ely, 


,d. 


cin  uni.t.n.v  1  ■ 


111    an  exTiit  jir.) 
Tiic    II. iM 


Diirtion  tij  tt 


1. 


\i\er 


tl 


they  aiVertrd,  v. 


.v  inrti  III  iVoin  their  ]v,yiner.t  ot  any  tax 


aiiil  I.e.-  c   ninu.ns  as 
nol  i  -S  cr..' r.'iicil 


llien 


aiul  I  ri   M 


iull\  er.ntii-  It 
'  e   ;;re.U( 


laiu!-,   wealin,   lionour 


1.1  tlie 


kini^ 


1,  th.it 
li   part 


(<u:  partienlany  inemuni  iit  on  H. 


ol   the  eomn 
r.eral  deleiiee. 


ion  bill  till  11, 


;n  10  Ih  .ir  t. 


to    I.  il.'.l 


un.te  to  ' 


11 


.e  iicbatcd 


tercation 


became   violent. 


hcplaeauie 


inninolitv  a.'i.ui 


(l 


■Mew  warm 
I.U.I1    p.irJy  eoi, 
tl-.e  ol'.ei 


d  t! 


ons  ot  all  were  ti|ually  over  heated 
this  ft  rmeiit  a  nol 
ami,  in  a  tranl'port  of  rage 
1  till 


In  tl 


called  Otto  C\.\.-j.,  i: 
told  the  comiii'ii--,  tl 


.-r  underliootl  the  rrivile 


alvvays   e.Kem])tei 


I  Ir.im  U 


ol   tl'.e  n< 
1  iiiip.olitii 


ib:HI' 


dition  of  thenil'elves,  who  were  no  oi..r  I.i.n 
'ilule    degi-a.hiig    f.prdhonK    i.iiia!;!;; 


laves. 


commons  lievon 


id  all 


;  r'; 


■c  ut   i.irbearai.ce, 


ili.ir 


MMIY. 

c«  iiKi,  aiul  tUJir.t  jir?- 
ill  .  liiiiuiinK-*  llie  tii.'.t 
(ali.iiit  111. in  tlut  Ir.iil  tx. 
rrt.ikc  llio  iNCt:u(i  .;',  nr 
,  ;U  otl'rr  llilH  •<,  ;i  V  >utc 
„  l.oili'.)')  U.ilt  il... .;;:.-{ 

UwU'i  «a»  a  fa;n!.'.n  '•  t.l 

\\:,Ai:   IVA'ali.;;!   a"    ;     •• 
niiv.-nt   WI-.0  ir  .:!         ; 
ia'uirs  bi.'.i«i';;iiv;  t"  I'      - 
I   j.-.r'':it  r.liii-c<,  t  •■......'.; 

iiii'i.v,  ;5sC.  wMf  i''«;l^''  ■ 
m.ituiiu,-!  I't  licii.  Vi  '..  .■.  , 
onl'.iuit  inUuti  U.  ■  ' :  ' '■  r 
1  till'  piopli",  unlcK  I .  : 
\\a\\  x\w  iulvi.i-  -.Hi.!  I  - 
ay  ol  triT  !;'.li,  '"  >'•"■  •■ 
lion;  the  t.iii,.','«  ''^  '  '■  ■ 

ill  tilC  KIltN  I'l  !  I-  1  1  - 
(if  c.ittU-,  tortlU,  Km  - 
I  tiiliiv.itiiii^  li';-  j.f  1'  '  . 
r/A-  Iviiii;  :iii  i'"!"  '"  ''  ' 
It  worlj";  l''>  t!i.>tli-  !■•'  . 
ilcinrn,  iil'ii'  l'  I"  r-*''"'  > 
ot  throii^jli  till-  lrtc.it  1    .  . 

\\.T!  tln.-n  to  K'-  .1  ''i-'   ■    • 

jiiiiuc  txffu'i'  I  ..'^  '■    ; 

lit  iiii'l  i!<)  it  l^i'U.v'i  ;  1  '  '  - 

L-  \\clt..f  of  1.'-  r    ;  •■•  ■  !' 

iriu'.-.  ■•.>  fu'.c  "t  ^  '•  '" 

I  l-.u:.  .-:  ..i-i  i-   '  '■■  = 

1..  i, .-,■;'  .  .ii-  v.i-'i  t;  :  '■-  ^ 

ilul  V  ;  I'uc  ••;ui,'-i..j  '•'  .  '■• 

rm    f)f  rovfi'ninivt  'm  ;    "• 

•  lU'l  I.  -■  i'..'r*.-.ili  ,1  t   .'  1 

„r,i-  ir.,:  •.!.!,  li'<-  ^*  ""'•'•  ' - -' 


n;   tl  11^   l""''!'  ''•'■-   ■''' 
l;,c   .s!i"^-  :'■'"•:'  '■- 
|,.r    •.');•    l.iil'i''v    \^ 
(.  .iiL.y  v\'-  t'> '  •'*• 
,     .  ■  ,'.,v  ,:.\'  ih-  11 
,/k  ,;  ..ua  Iki'  i.'ii  . 

p;     t!,r,i-     V,„r.;    ■   !     !  • 

v.liich  t'-v  ^^^■•'*  ' 
,.  ail..-..n-  >>•!  .:'•.■"; 


1 1 


:i!,Mj.'  to  .!•-'>;  1 


i.iiioii,  wl.fii  u  ss  ••  1  ' ;  '^ 

i]!!  ihinJ  tCiuit.il      :.'N-    ^  - 

,(.riirui\;i'.i-ly.  .r."l   v,      it 

■.iort'um  to  tl..  T  1'   ,    '■'''■ 

U,    l,..\i\cr,    li:>.-i       .^ 

I  thcyiiucrtra,  v,    i  ■  .   !'  • 

cut  ct  .11. y  t.iM--  ^\1'"''  '      • 

ulK  c:-.l.l':'  ''('I.  >'■■''  ■     ' 

I  it,,.   ..;ri-.:uii   part  "■  '  - 

,-.  i.i  tlii-  Kii".'-'.onn/i',""  ■■ 

on  ti.cni  ti>  In. irll  ■'•■'•  '-    - 

;,|  to  i.ii.'ii!"':i-  t  '  '         ',' 

,  .iu-w  v.arai.  .n.'l  '•  '    ■■■" 

I'.IlIi    p.u:y   i-oi..-.','.   -!     ' 

l\  ilu-  <.l'..cr.  iir.'l  ll      1"". 

r  hcatol.     Ill  li-^-''-    ■;'  '' 

.illi'il  Olto  Ci.wj.,  li^  "■  '    • 

tola  tiiccoir.iii'  I'-.'''  '  -'    ' 

mU-;.;..;  of  tliC  nohJif,   •■^■   I 

m'uu;li  iiiipolitior.s  «•■  ' 

,1     .,.    |1.     11   '       u' 

1(1  Wire  no  ol,,.  1    I..  ■"      I  _ 

I  '.pri  r.ioii.--    i.ii'..!'- ;  I   '  ■- 

i-c  ot  iorbcura;.^!.-,  »"-  ■'  ;    • 

tlijr 


tlitir  Ij-iakfi",  flartfil  up,  aiul,  finvl  witlt  intii  ;tiation, 
Iwurc  til, a  li.i-  iicMliiy  lliouUI  n-puit  t!ii-ir  lia\liv;  vm. 
I;.lir»il  tlic  cMii'iii^iis  as  v..iiali*,  and  tcrniiii;.',  tlicm 
lluVfs.  linimi!!atily  the  ^.l'llllnoI;.^,  or  ilir,,;y  aial 
biii'.'l.ir',  I'll  V>'  ii;)  the  air'.inhly,  uiul  uiarelinl  iiiuliT 
the  ;,i  ij  Kcs  nl  i!.'.  ir  ItaiKr.sio  tlic  tni-Wtr's-iiall,  and, 
ill  a  U\\  lioiii  ,  r.lulval  to  luakf  I'.n:  l.,iit;  u  prilcnt  ..i 
:iii  aMoiiitf  f.owir,  aiul  to  rriuicr  tlii:  itiami  hcrt-ilitary 
in  I.i  l,ii;.i.' ,  li  ii.tiiat  it  mi ,' t  iltlciiut  twn  to  l.■- 
ll...'v  .  Ii  !■  \.  ii  !  <'l  iii.ili-  i'.ir-.  '1  liis  ril'oliiti'  ii  i'  V 
,,  li.-'.ii.jy  ii.;  in  f\m;ii..ii  ilif?  in  .\t  liay  •,  .iiiJ  tlimi 'h 
t!.L'  ikl.iiiiy  luiJt.;ti.il  ;it  lirii  im  ilii-  tn.itttr,  uttl..  y 
vtri-  all!  t.liil.iil  lit  ii'i. "til  to  (imipK,  and  in  tlirii- 
»!.'•..;  tinir  t!.c-  a!:  r.i'.ii  was  coini'liinl;  lo  that  ti  i. 
Ka. '1  lia\wl,i.!i  (.v..  lime,  aiul  ar.  at  pr.li  nt,  alj...- 
Ii.;f  i.r,.l  ;:rhi'...iy,  ii  it  the  kail  llradow  it  lili.vy   i.- 

Il;..i..;;  ;  to  tl.i.'  Illbi' Ct.  /Ml  lllf';lim;.>  ot  ill'-  ilia.:'.  .11 
p.;. .  ii.il'.r  .lie  aliollll)i;il.  Nay,  tilt  vt-rv  1.1  111.'  il  .1- 
I  iTi-  ail.!  iil.ci  y  istiuitL'  t'or'].ittcn  ;  ui>  ii  iiicri  luul  ii"\'  r 
III,  11   an.   I'll,  u  t'.iin/ ;   i!:i:  \cry  lirll  aiiJ  priii.-iiMi  ..r- 


I)     r.    N     ]M     A     It     K. 


<J5 


in  ti!.'  I  '.,i.,;ii  law  bcir.>;,  "  '1  ii.it  t'u  I." 


ll  l^    Illf 


p...!'.,."  nl.ucii  to  liinifL-lt  to  i'\|)laiii  O"-  U:\  ;  ii.iv, 
to  .lilt  r  .iiul  clun^jt:  it  as  Ik  lliull  tinuk  po  .i."  I'lic 
i-iii.li;i|iu  nets  of  lliis  arc  ubvioiis  ;  luvim  :i:  .i  ..!  ar  ;. 
Irary  t..M  :,  aiiil  comiiuiiilv  viTy   i\ci!!in  in-.,  r\n 


111   tlllU: 


it  ptarr,  litllc  regard  Im:!,; 


to  t!.i-  i"::-.l 


marine  ilifputr*;  and  ilic  ctmnccllory  exccutfn  all 
iiianiKr  ol  IiiiIiikI.^  rifptiiiii;,'  trcMtiis,  alliaiicti,  iU. 

'Ilic  poliki-  ill  Diinnark  in  very  IUkI.  At  the  tii- 
traiice  r.l  n:.iii)  ti.wii.^  a  ;\!iipj'iM<,.ri)it  llaiuli  Cdiilpiiu- 
ou<,  on  till'  II']:  of  whi.:li  the  figure  ul  a  man  is  pl.ifid, 
with  a  fvviii'.l  [ly  iiid  (iik',  and  a  whip  in  his  ri^ht  hand. 
(«i!)l). '.H  ami  wl.LvIs  are  r.Iio  placed  on  eiiiiinncis,  on 
whuli  tile  bod  LS  of  maktactor'i  arc  lunictiincs  left, 
alter  e.\t.cutiii!i,  to  deter  othrrii  troiii  their  crimes, 

hiiine  triiiiiiiah.  are  punilhed  by  beitij;  whipped  in  tlic 
market  pi. icr',  aiul  baniliKd.  .Soine  of  the  lower  fort 
ate  piii;ilh»d  ly  liein^;  led  iIiroiif;li  t!iC  city  of  C'optn- 
h.ifV  n  in  what  ii  called  the  Spanifli  iii.inties.  'Iliij  is 
a  ki'ul  ot  lu.'.vy  velt,  foineihiii;,'  like  a  tui),  witli  art 
opcniu;;-  lor  t'le  !c:id,  and  irons  tj  enelo'e  tlic  neck. 
I  iii.s  mode  It  pill, iiliiiieiit  il  very  nnich.  dreaded,  and 
is  of.c  caul,-  (hat  nij^lit  rubbeiies  are  rar.ly  heard  of  in 
(.upeiiliare-.i. 

'I  he  pl.ic:  f  f  e.recut;,  n  i>  out  of  the  citv.  Deoolla^ 
til. 11  i..  Ji.-:r.;-.l  in.ii  J  li,  :i,.ii.  .,',,,.•  by  tlie  tword  ihiin  the 
ase.  'Ilii.i  i.i  the  tomtti-m  mode  of  cxrcutiuii.  liut  of 
ti.iiie  iiiorc  lirii:  in  criiiKs  i!ie  |innilliineiit  is  breakinpf 
III  tlie  s\'^.'.l^;  and,  in  e\.e.it;ii;.;  tlii.s  on  It.ite  pri- 
|o:nr<,  it  li..,!i.'.n  the  practu^-  lo'i'etiinc.'i  to  bej^iii  witli 
luiiiii:;  oil  tl,eir  right  li.aids.  li\eeution.<,  liowc'ver, 
are  rare.     A  ereat  miiiiber  lor  ehihl  murder  are  eon- 


li..|is  ».l  thiiii  ;   II)  that  the  vahu    .1   lii.it.i,   mi   iiiult   ■ 
jvirti  of  t!i,   kii:  -iiom,  i.^  tallen  tluee-lniirths :  a, I  it  'n. 
worl'e  iieai  the  t.ipital  citv,  u'ldi-r  the  i>e  .lut  h.md  ol     ' 
tl.i'  ;.;o\erir,i'.;nt,   th.iii  in  reiin.kr  proviiuxs :  p,  v.riy 
in    th''  ;;eiMM,    vvlneli   nectliarily    eauLs   extri Mi'v   ol 
mil.  1'.  Ill  t!.i:  pr.il.iiifs  ;  |iavtiality  in  the  i!i!lii..iii;'  n  o! 
ji.'i.vi-,    will  11    i.ivoiiritei    lire    eonecriied  ;    wilii    ii.aiii,    . 
r'l.i  :■  iiiilcirKli  J    ti'-ili,;  tl.'-  eoiill.int  eirci.'t'i  ol   aili'lr.iiy 
iiiL'   in    tl.i.'>   and  ..I!  uilii.r   couutricu    whorein    it  I, ..3 
I  '  V. lilt. I.  ! 

I,,  a  wr.r.i,   it  ni.iy  1  ■,   truly  I'-iid,   that   the  pi-,  pie  of 
1)  •iiiiii's,   \Mtii  a  I  illi  and  dcl|H-i-.nc  hand,  troin    1110-    | 
tii    >  ol    r,.\.n',e,   l.-.m  iitud  In  an   ar;lul  imniiirv  aii.i 
.Ti'il.'ti..  i!..i^v,   rtii  ;ni-d   their  liliiilv   ai.d    in.:.|  -n     . 
iii..n-,  .ir.d  i'nclti-d  iiair  lo\eri.ii;ii  with  dilp.nii-  p;ucr 
OM  r  til.  ir  liv    1  .,i',,l  l.-rliines. 

I'l    .11  t',.:,.  'I.;.,-  I'll-  kiiiy-i  o|  l)c\  iiiark  in:  '1,  in  t'l  ir 
'p('(in>.    111  tile  11/'  ':  01   tiu' I' .vrn  i.  11  |i  lui  I  ;     !  11;  11,  t 
br.".'  able  (..  L-.\ei-J'.l-.  tl'.'  u'.o..'  tlu-,.i|i  Kc-,    tin  v   ire 
1.1,;    1 .1  t.<  i.eli-';ate  loMH-  pan  ui  the  e\i  ..-iilui.  po^^tr  lo   [ 
til-  ir  conlu!,  nti.il  fiibiccl-;.  ! 

1  I,'.-  ki|)ri.ii.c  C'ant  ol  jiKluMtur'-.  h-r  ,0.  irn.iiV  nn.! 
Koi-.\.,y,  i>   111  III   in  till-  royal    p.il.m-   at   t'..pi  nli.ii    11,   ] 
til-    km;.'    il  li!;\-  pu'lent ,    tin'  liihiinal    i-,l    IloPtiiii    i,.   ' 
lii-ld  I't  i.iui^ltad.  ;  and  thai  lor  the  duchy  uf  Siilwie 
ill  ti.i- t'.v.  11  ul   :ii,i.  i.a.iie.     The  nod  ot  tli<:   lbv<-rtiyn   ' 
i.i  d;  i;ili\  J  Ul   the  c.^-.iiiei!,   tile   iiu  nibi  1  >   l,.-|ii^  -jo'i^  d 
iiiipi.'.  itiy  to  ..bey  In-  v.iil,  a?  ti..  v  are  i-enioveablc  at 
li...  1  'r.diKc.  '  1 

l-.v.-iy  n  .;ii,  if  lie  iIiull'S  it,  may  plea-.l  hi.?  own  ' 
ranli-;  .itul  iho  proceedniijs  are  lb  luinmar-,,  iii.'.t  a  liii:  | 
iniv  be  iMnu  d  thiuujdi  all  the  courts,  and  laialiy  de-  I 
ei  led  ill  thirteen  inoiilh".  ' 

.'~iiln  nlinate  to  llu'  lunreme  court  of  judi...  ;;'.;i',  at  ' 
V,  iiu'li  the  kiiii;  p-i.  full  ■ ,  '.n.-reare  three  other  couii^,  vi:.'.. 
the  !.;nd-ii.i ',  or  prinincial  court ;  tli..  lli.riei.l.NtoLi;.',d., 
IT  liiilinl  eouiti  and  the  Byto,.^li.ls,  or  '.iv.n  eoiirt. 
Appeals  lie  ri'iin  each  ot  ihele  courts  lo  tiie  other,  ae- 
eiriiii,^  to  lii|U-rii.ritv  ;  and  tiie  liiuil  appeal  to  the 
I  liTi-ine  court,  where  an  abloUite  dtcilion  ii  ;.;i\en  by 
li.    kin,'  as  the  ultiinatt-  ii-j,illati>r. 

i  lie  judges  arc  appoii'.lid  by  the  kin;;,  but  remove-  , 
tilile  at  jilealure.  'Ihevai,  piiiiilb.ible  tor  miideniean-  , 
or.';,  that  i.s  if  tlie  iiion:ir.-li  think i  jiropt-r  to  deem  j: 
III' ir  actions  liuhi  and  thus  royallv  condemned,  are  ; 
('! '•■■.-ed  to  ni.ike  nj'.ii.llin  to  tlie  injuri-d  jiarty.  ', 
'J  I  ir  l.d  ir'n  .s,  whieli  are  iiicoiiliderablej  are  jiaiil  Iroiii  !; 
tlic  kin;;'s  trcafury,  Ir.ini  lines,  and  Irom  gratuities  ;: 
\'. lure  li.-iitence  is  p.iii'ed.  In  Copenlr.^j'eti  are  likeuiti,-  i| 
;in  c.\c!u(]n:;r  court,  to  try  canles  nlative  to  the  reve-  M 
lUii-  ;  ar.il  a  eomniercial  court,  to  deckle  .ill  illi;i're!'.t:e<;  '! 
iclpciiiiij   tratle.      liic  admiralty  court  ii,.UM,y..i  all  i. 


Lil      to 


v.oik   in   rpindioi.l'.s    for  life,    and  to   bii 


.1   aiimi,;!!;.,    on    the  0,.v    when,   and  the   Ipct 


while,    t!.e   crime   was    euiir.iutted.      T 


penilhir.i.  it  is  dri.aded 


llian  death 


lis    moilc    ot 
,  and  lince  it 


n.ii  Deen  ailo|ited,  lias  [^nat'y  prevtiited  the  frci)Ucr,cy 
ot  the  crime.  'I  he  punilliiiiciit  lor  grand-larcny  is 
vhippi::-,  and  llavery  lor  liie.  Thole  wleiare  con- 
dcM.iied  to  llavery  are  diliiiiguiibcd  by  a  brown  coat, 
wi-.h  n  .1  I'.eivis,  and  irot:.s  im  one  leg,  with  a  chain 
l.ill.iu-,!  I)  their  waidi^  They  work  on  the  foriiiica- 
lion-i,  in  liiiiiner,  Ironi  live  to  eleven,  and  (roni  one 
to  lix.  Tin. ir  bread  is  oarle  and  bljck.  Helidi  ~'  an 
allowance  or  bread,  they  have  a  i)ay  of  one  iiiver 
(a  pemu  "!  per  day.     1  hey  lie  en  bjri-jck  beds. 

.\t  C.ipei  ha^'.'ii  tlie  Itate  prifon  is  in  the  citadi.1. 
In  this  jjiif,  Il  till -e  are  live  or  [<\  rooms,  about  15  f;et 
by  1  1,  with  one  win,!,  v,  iind  a  eaie  (or  bLd)  in  ea'.-'t. 
A  tr.ive'lcr,  wli.-i  l.it-,-ly  vilin.-d  this  kin.,'dom,  rcl  I'-.-s', 
tl.it  lie  i.hr.rveil  here  one  prifoner  who  was  jrnarded  by 
an  I  ili.'i-r  ai'.l  li,!dier  in  tii'-  room,  .i:v.i  another  at  t'l-j 
i!,)i.r,  tlicii.,  1  ti:e  L;iiar.l-ro  i 'i  u,is  bi-low.  The  wea.. 
tlur  b'l'  i--  till  11  Very  waiai,  l--  was  perir.itt.'d  to  havj 
tl..'  uiiuio'.v     p;-il  ;    and  t'l*-.  In  .ill  tiie   Irelh  ..ir  '..lo  m'J 


are  n-.-ver  fuiiervd  t.)  l  1  cut  otf 
m.ik,  <  them  an  a-iiple 


ilW- 


;  Il  r  t.c-  V 

■file  kn- 

At  t!ie  ti:ii-  o!  divine  I'crvice  their  doors 

!i.c\  he  :r  it  1  V  an  obliiiue   I'crferaiiou 


11  ue  priluii'-rs 

tl'<  ir   r- Kinis. 

;■      c  tor  tliLt. 

ai  ■   op-  ;i,  lit;  1 

ill!  1  the  ..-liureli,  tlir.n',^;h  the   tiiick   walls   oppolite  ti> 

tlic  d,-.,  rs. 

'I'll'-  r.'.ine  traveller  obfcrvcd  chains  faiU'nul  to  the 
walls  in  the  el,.!'e  rooms,  v.Iiere  the  Counts  Strucnfec 
and  ikaiidt  lia.l  bmi  eoi.li;,^.'  ;  :',;..l  was  i.iilormed  that 
Siruci.lje,  who  had  been  e  niii'.cd  ab.ive  tliree  months, 
when  he  tirit  e.er.e  o'.it,  tl,  'U,^!!  in  view  o!  a  terrible 
dcatli,  ixcl.iiii'.'.-il,  "  Uv.iia'i'a  bl-cirmj-:  is  Irelli  air  1" 
1  lerc  arc  f.niie  il.irk  r-ioiiL^  lor  t!ie  puiiilli'uent  ol  I'ui- 
liicr  ,  but  11.1  .lar.,";eons. 

In  ihe  pril'.m  ut  the  I'af-houfe  there  were  nine  per- 
fons  conline.l  lor  crimes,  and  eleven  for  debt.  The 
i'emale  criminaU  were  at  work  in  their  feveral  apart- 
ments, wliicli  virc  clean  ;  but  the  male  crimin:i!s  -.vcre 
duty  and  oll'iuiiNe.  The  allowance  granted  them  is 
three  marks  ( : ;  penci  )  per  week.  'I  here  arc  in  ihi.-; 
prll'uii  arched  damp  dungeor.3.  A  reT.dent  chaji'aiii 
i'a}s  prayers  to  the  priloners  every  day. 

The  blue  tower  (the  prifon  for  the  bailiwick  and  fer- 
vaiits  of  the  court)  confills  of  four  fmall  rooms  on  three 
floors,  'i'hcre  were  in  it  eight  men  and  tw.)  women. 
'I'iicir  allowance  is  t'.vo  pence  a  day,  with  which  they 
purehal'e  what  they  pleale  of  ihe  gaoler,  who  keeps  a 
public  houfe,  and  ha.;  a  lalary  from  ihe  court.  Mere, 
as  well  .IS  ill  the  [mi^u  at  the  ilat-bonle,  wan  obi'erved 

the 


i 


!t'i 


ill 


-it: 


nil 


i 


i' 


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rN'ivr.r/-.M.  crnci-  \i 


.itinf-;  (if  the  wiiuun,  v.l     o  r-Hvus  \\c:\'  u  imu 


t.iil   to  tliiil'i.'   iM   li 


1.  V. 


n 


wiws  Hiliv>  t  i,i''  ;;i 


.utir. 


nl  .110  mure  a'.u  ii'.'A  .  ili.iii  I'nii  i'" 
T!."  IKh'.  1;,.'; 


.<  ol   tiK  ir  c  w  a  u 
ih.'.iuls. 


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IL 


ro  i-vri'.!- 


tnt     L..'.llv^ 


'11. 


IC    Wi.  !(.    !■. 


,ii:',,    .\u.l   c^MUivls   I:. Till  till'  v;!i. ^I'- 
ll.i;i'u,    ;irc  I' •■.i«ii.'ir.:i.\i   t.i  t'...vi".-\'. 


■  us  \'< 


---V  vy  ^'  ^  I' 


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i 


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ii!!!:;  at  u!  ;:it  ;  ;iii 


(..■l'.ili>     OhlV    oii.t 


in  two  Nc.'.rs 


ll       lliL     11      UilC 


ClMlh^  ull    in. J    u 


;i  1-.  iio.i . 


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T.  '    lin..ii     V. 


.Mil  ["nil  iic'i.';,  V. lui 
!  ilt'l'iair,  in  '.'c  i>'. 


tra 


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atu!  iiCMV  CDiiiitc- 
w.  ;■(.■  i:!.v;sii;:;  to  hti.   i.;;:;y.   'i  i;ii 

U.  l,t     to    l!.i'    it  nice    111     th'.' 

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,,    ;..    lie    1-.    l.'.'t   I'liK 

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lv<. ^.  aiul  v. '11  >'■-"  !i'  ■'• 
i  kiii.ii  ef  !i.::i. 
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,,    I   Iv  .iir,,;..  .1,   ■  .     '; 
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•,,:   ',1  1,  ;\  ;i.t''.  mi'    "     " 
,.,/,   luiii  llalliiij  ,  ...J 

'"''■  0;.C 


r.UllOPF..]  D    r.    N     IM 

One  ot'tlio  moft  coiifulcrablc  articles  in  the  i^vcu'ic  ;i 
ot   Dfniivark  is    the   niotiey   railcJ  by   a  ihity,  or  tml,     I 
IKiiil  l>y  iill  lliijjs  which  pals  thi(Hi;.;h  the  Siunul  into  the   '1 
lialtic  ;   the  Soinul  beint;  a  narrow  limit  Ixtunn  Sch"-     j 
iicii   aiiil    the  lil.iiul  ot   '/.i-al.iiul.      On  the  Danifli  liile   ,| 
Ihuuls  the  town  ol  Ileikiieur,  or  I'.irei'.eiir,  and  ilic  ealll  ■     ' 
1,1  I'.roiunlmig  ;   aiul,  on  tin-  .SueJilh  li.le,  tiie  town  ol 
lUhinliuig.      lietwccn    llielL'   pals   anJ    repals    all   the 
n-.i]!-  .11. il  \ellels  thai  traile  to  the  Ilaltie.      '!!;■•  Dimes, 
bv  iliuv  rent   lie.itiis   ol    pcaee,   have  exprel.dv  retaiiiej 
tiieir  u;le  to  tlic  Soinul,  and  reeei\c  toll  Iroui  all  (llip^ 
and  velVels  that  pal's,  thole  oi  Sweileii  excepted  ;  yet  they 
do  not  cllecin  tlie  hcinity  ol  that  title   lo  (inn  as  they 
I'ouKI  v.ilh  ;   lor  as  they  are  not  luallers  ot  the  land  on 
liolh  IrUs,  lii'.y  may  have  the  ri.il.r,  but,  not  the  power,     ' 
to  a!'i  I't    it   n;'.>ii  ojiMiion,  and  lee:n  or.lv   to  en|oy   it     ' 
liiiiiii,';  t!a  ir  ;.,oo,l   bi.Ii..vii.nr  ;    ;'.■■    ihe'r    li'nii;;    liei^h- 
b  u; -■  1..J  Swedes,  are  ;d)'e  to  i;i..'.i.  v'.\-  ol  ti.e  lint  oji- 
p.ivii;iii>,    or  u;n!ir.i;;e,    to  thei.'  pr- /.uiiee  ;    .aid  this 
t!i,—  eo'.i.d  perl..;;;,,  do  wilii  i:;';-,r;ity. 

Tl'.e  huvs  of  ni'.tion;  al\vav>  ri;;i  a  len   'Ii 

Vrope.rtioh'd  tothelr  wealtii.'.l.Li:' p  '  ■.  'r.- ,andll:'en^.-lli :     i 

'I'l.c  rill',  s  oi' equity  are  I";  t  ,it  t!.',;.  .;,  ! 

]',  to  b.'.'-',i  int'rell  lorees  e.>:i  Le  ..:\..i:^;lit  ;  ''■ 

b'or  V. '.;.i;u'lvv  r  pohtieian.i  l',.v, 

'I'licir  uu'reil  point-,  and  [i:  liiei.i  le.Kl,  the  way. 

Th.-  1  :i  ;in  and  naiiiie  I'l  tiii,.  I  W  are  as  I.  !lo\v.  It 
va-  i.:id  by  the  eoiUip.t  ol  the  tr.idir<  ii.Io  ihi'  l^allie, 
wlio  v.v.e  wilhir.i;  to  allow  a  lin.dl  rum  lor  e.ieii  liiipthat 
pall'-d,  ti.'wards  inaintainin[.';  ol  lij'hts  on  eeitain  places  ol 
that  coall,  Iv.-  'lie  better  ilirection  ol'  Tailors  in  dark 
nij;!i;s  :  h.ereap-in  this  pi;l'.ii;';e  of  the  Sound  bi  e.ime 
the  iiio;l  ufed,  that  ol'  the  (Ircit  I'elt  beiiv.;,  in  a  litl'.e 
lime,  i]uiti:  ncj^lecUd,  as  will  becuil'e  ui  the  ;.;'.eat  coii- 
vi-nienec  ot  thole  ii;;lits  to  the  lliipjmi;;  tii.it  jiali'cd  in  aii.l 
out  ol  the  Kail  Stii,  as  beeauleol  an  ii;;reeinent  made, 
that  no  Ihip  liiould  pals  the  otln-r  v.ay,  to  tiie  end  tliat 
t'.U  mi;.^!u  i\iy  tiieir  tiiares ;  it  Iv.  in;.;  im'.-ealiiiv.ilil,.  th.u 
I'uch  Ihips  Ihnild  iiav'.-  the  aJv,inra;;e  of  thol'c  li'Jus  in 
'I  irk  or  lloniiv  v.iiuer  ni;;lus,  \'.li)  a'.oivied  pi'.vir,;;  to- 
wards the  inaniLiuiin'^  ot  iimlc  liiv  ^,  h.y  |'idii,v.,  luiodi;  v 
vii\  in  r;'iod  weathir.  llefuli.-.,  ii  t'lis  iii,'.!i'..Lr  ot 
avoiei:!'.;  tin'  pa}ii!ent  had  been  ,.;io  i,  tin  .•cv.-iu;,' 
.vouKl  hive  been  lo  i:-.li_.,ni;iei  :i:,  ce;,,:.li  riii",  t'..c  imill 
fum  whe'a  each  Ihipw.is  to  p,.\,  tli.ir  th''  li  ,'iis  eenl.l 
not  liave  heen  iiuMUaiiieJ  by  it  i  iii  ,!  tli ;  n.iiii  >  v.l.\.  not 
uilhtiiT  to  hi'  a:  liie  i;har^e,e  I'ol'.ly  l.-r  the  iil'e  and  be- 
lulitol  tliea'  ov.ii  iradili;,;  liiij;,;  ;  b,.-.;iile  the  WLr-: 
mailers  i/l  iii  l.nv,  us  made  it  ii..t  v.  -ith  thLir   wi.i'e; 

,1 


A     11     K 


6.V 


aiM  nureliai.ts  i^l    other 

-1  at  ill  It  lime  in 

i.eil   'li;y   .urived 

iiut  there  1-,'in;,; 

■  inivcrned,   with 

s  belonj;in;^  to  I'l 

■'.  an,  in  iiro'jels  ol 


the  l.ulieekers,  D.iiriiicki 
1  lans  Towns,  beiu-;  til.  ■  u.ittli  tr.aK 
tiic  northern  parts  ol  i.uro]\',  I'V  \  i 
to  a  f;reat  height  ol  pouerand  liJit;. 
no  lixed  rule,  or  treaty  wlu  n  Ir,  to  1- 
regard  tii  the  dill'erent  bull,  ol  tile  Ihi 
manv  dilierciit  nations,  the  l)..'i'.'..  be 
time  to  ;.;row  aibitrary,  and  e.\ai.ted  l.ii  iller  or  i^reati 
I'liux,  accordinp;  to  tiie  ilreii;,^th  or  weaknel's  ol  thole 
tliev  had  to  de.il  witli,  or  aeeordin,';  to  their  tri-.tullliip 
or  dil'o, intent  witli  tliole  |)iineei  or  llate  i  t.)  wliom  the 
f'everal  Ibips  belonged  ;  therelore  tlie  emperor  Cliiiiles 
W  t.)  aleeriaiii  this  toll,  coiiciiided  a  treit\.  v.r.Ii 
tlie  kin;;  ot  I), iimark,  whieli  was  ii.'.ned  a'.  ^  jiire  on  the 
Rhine,  an.!  urn;  in  biiiall  ol  Iiis  lul  i  ais  ol  the  N'lilur- 
lands,  will)  had  '.;rei't  ti-alac  in  tlu  IS.iiiie  ;  iind  .i,;rt.d 
tint  as  a  toll  ciillom  in  tl.eSeinul,  e\i  i)  tliipot  ^v  e  tons, 
and  under,  lliould  i)ay  two  role -nobles  at  its  i  ntrance 
into,  or  retifii  Iroiii  the  Ibiltic  -,  and  every  llii'p  above 
20 :.  ton;,  three  role-nobles.  .V  role  noble  is  Wiiith 
about  i'i;;liteen  IhiHiiij;'!  Iluliri;.  lliii  a  ,ieenieiit 
remained  in  force  till  lueh  time  as  the  United  I'ro 
vii  ets  Ihook  oil'  tin:  Spandli  yoke,  when  the  Danes, 
taking  advantage  ol  tiiole  wars,  railed  their  toll  to 
an  t.stravaj'.ant  lieighi,  the  troublelbme  limes  not  al- 
Ibrdiii;;  the  Dutcli  kiUirc  to  attend  to  the  reuicllin^;  lueli 
an  exaction. 


'I'hc  toll  at  prefmt,  liowcvcr,  is  c;rc:\tlv  rediind, 
and  much  more  realonable  ;  ami  il  the  principal  ir:ari- 
tiiiie  p.iwers  ehol'e  to  dil'pute  tlie  matter,  they  certainly 
would  have  no  oceahoii  to  |  av  it  at  ud  ;  lor  the 
Danes  have  not  a  lullieirnt  naval  Hreii'th  to  o!  li',c 
i-ither  the  lingliHi  or  Dutch  to  pay  this  toil,  or  pal's 
throet-h  tliis  palia;;'-,  il  they  rather  chol'  to  Ihoot  ei-'.'i 
ol  the  Iki'.s.  Ikliiles,  tiie  breiidth  of  llii.s  Sound.,  in 
the  narrowell  part,  is  I'Mir  I'iii'  lilli  mil  •■  over,  a!\l 
every  wiiere  ot  a  l'ii!li,;ier,t  di].,ii  ;  lo  tliat  tiie  kin  • 
ol  1 )( .imark's  call  les  Could  not  coniinand  li:e  liiaiii--. !, 
w.'.s  he  mailer  of  both  luh. ;,  much  hi-  mnv  he  has  but 
one  It  i^  plain,  therelore,  that  thi-i  pretended  !'\e- 
rei;,;nty  is  \iiy  prccaririN,  bi'iii;j;  partly  Iv  undid  on 
the  inattention  ol  lome  |.i  iiices  concerned  in  it,  to  tiie 
;.;ri  at  injury  ol  trade. 

Tliis  toil  all'ord.s  the  kinc;  yearly  a  eonfideval'le  jii-.  fir, 
thoU'ih  much  h  l-i  at  preleiit  than  it  ilid  oi  merlv.  iihi'UC 
tlie  \ear  i'>.i.,  it  iirodiucii  •:.;-.,'-cij  rixdoll.  r.i  per  an- 
num; but  lii.ce  i'>45  .t  has  not  \  ^  !il.  I  aeo\e  pi  .;.._•; 
tome  year.-,  not  ab'uc  .So,'_0'j.  In  ii'i)i  it  did  le-t  ex- 
tend to  lull  7c,cco  ;  and  is  now  imii  h  lei's. 

,'dl  people  ol  rank,  who  have  jiubiic  em]i!oynients', 
liny  a  I'iiiii  eiiuivaleiit  to  ten  peuiid.s  llerl'i'.i:;,  Ivir  th(.; 
priviie;^'e  of  being  married  :  pe'ipie  of  rani-'.,  v.Iii  h.ivc 
no  ivahhe  employment,  pay  at  iiie  rate  ol  tou,  p.eur.d.-! 
fieri. n'_';  c!er;.',yinen,  '.ili.iei..,  free  f.'.nv.ers,  an  ;  ti.e  liew- 
ai.l.i  of  the  I'liiliiy,  ]iay  lixteeu  Ihiiiiiii;,  ;  iiiechanics 
ei;,.;ilt  Ihil'iiii  s  ;  and  lerv.ll.t^  aid  ;.  l,.iirirs  four  Itii!- 
linijs.    .'•eameii,  leklier-,  aiu!  au'.D.iii  .men,  uli.  \.if- 

lals,  are  exeiiipicd  Irom  this  tax;  aiv.l  "ith  \tiv  ;,'iotl 
reafon,  h)r  they  are  tot.,lly  unable'  to  lay  it;  and  loii.e, 
indeed,  have  fcarce  a  fe.ilicier.i-y  to  p'archal.:  liie  co:n- 
nion  neeelh  rie.i  o!  lile. 

There  is  a  tax,  or  ex-nintioii  fubiljv,  w'licii  thnii_,;h 
ixorhitaht  and  e;-jneiiiu'.  is  chearfullv  paid  In'  ail 
h'lulvkei  pers  tiiat  e.,:i  raile  the  mein',,  bec.iuie,  by 
l' e  p.iyiiKiit,  they  are  I'Meir.pted  Ircal  h.e>iii;j;  lil- 
ilier,-,  e^uartered  on  tiieiii.  1  his  tax  i.i  rated  l;y  'lij 
(•i\il  lun'.'.illrate,  aeeeidiii;';  to  ilie  Ii.  e,  lituation,  rent, 
i^C.  ol  ilie  !.i"ai'e. 

1),  il ' -■  the  taxi  s  lo  g  .vrrire.ii;,  two  more  are  pai.l 
bv  a''  .  li.iens  and  liiii;  hers,  tor  the  liip;;or:  ot  tiieir 
r.  I-.,  vii'.e  titles  and  toui:.,  m/.,  a  c.i[>,t.iti.  a  tax,  and  .i 

;;,l-oLi:ul  v  \.[   MX. 

Here  ii  all.'  a  !aii\y  (l.niip  acl  ;  ar.Ji  tax  s  n;'  m  p'- 
teiits,  e  iii.niiiiien  ;  ii  ti'iii.irv  t.  x,  p  lid  bv  tlie  no.  .i- 
i.al  lu'lidit'.,  k.i'.  I'loiu  I'.ieic  V  11 .  .us  t.ix's,  daities,  ini'- 
polls,  and  eaioluiiieiits,  the  whole  reveiiu..  -.' b'enmark, 
at  prek'iit,  amounts  to  tiie  aiamai  v.due  of  al  I'ut 
I  ijioo,':.".)  I.  a, id  this  is  the  u'.m'ill  that  I'overnii.eiit 
'  can  poliibiv  draw  from  tlie  jieople,  without  draiiiii,  , 
the  ki:i,;doaiol  tlie  littii.  money  that  reaiaie.i;  in  cireul.i- 
tion. 

The  military  (lren;;t!i  (  f  this  kin;.;dohi  comiils  of  re- 
!;ular  troops,  militia,  and  navx. 

The  greatcll  part  ol  the  ri"ii'.ir  tr  i'  p-i  are  hirei^;ii- 
ers,  and  more  p.,irtieiilarly  lerminis.  I  he  caialry 
and  drii;^'oons  are  well  moiuu.d,  and  e. infill  oi'  i  i  ri;;i- 
iiKiits  ,  and  each  re;.^iineiit  oi  lour  f.]iii:drony,  inclu  1- 
ing  the  body  i;uards.  Of  tli'  ie  re  ;imcnts  three  are 
•I'lU.iiu'red  in  '/.ealaiid,  one  in  1  unen,  tli.xe  in  Jutland, 
and  lour  in  lloltlein. 

Tiie  inl.intry  is  eompofevl  oi  i6  rei  iiiieiit-,  ot  which 
two  d  )  dutv  as  the  kin;.','s  ;;ii  ird ;.  \'.  hi  n  the  \\  ;,imen;s 
,i,-e  eoinphte,  e'Uih  conlllls  ol  twe,  bat'ilieiij,  and  each 
bait.i'i.iu  contains  iix  companies  ot  i:  .i  men  each. 

The  artillery  conlilis  ol  tln\e  nttimeius,  oneol  v.h'eli 
is  ilaii'iii'  d  in  Denmark,  another  in  N'orw.iy,  and  i;  third 
in  I  bdllein, 

i  lie  b'dy  of  engineers  is  d.i\ided  ir.t  i  three  p.utii, 
.;  eiic'i  '  t  which  comiai/.es  2(i  o'lieei.-,  ol  \.ni  u,  r.ii.l.^. 
j,  S-'iiicc  tlie  ri.duclion  ol  the  D.milli  loic's  their  numli  13 
[  are  lO.re.o  cavalrv  and  ilr.ie.ooiis,  and  _(,','  iii- 
\  l.mtry  and  ariilk  ly  ;  the  whole  ot  the  r.'j,ular  troops 
compri/.iii;.;  .l.i,00i-'. 

livery  perloii  who  cultivates  or  ]i!)ni.!bs   y<o  iicres 

,  of  land,   is  oblii'ed  to  fmd  one  iii.iu  '.n  the  n,iii;ia,  and 

7  ^  r  ly 


■'III 


I 


ii 


if 


■I'l 


!lll! 


Iii 


iliMK 


^ 


6;S 


A  NTAV 


Anni.NTIC  SYSTF.M  oi    UNIVERSAL  GF.OGUAi'HY. 


m 

i 

i 


Si  if  '-  - 


]'.\\  Iialt  t!u"  ixpciii;;'  ofaiiviii  towmxlsacorps-ilc  rtlt-rvf, 
to  he  ti:il)0'.!it'd  aiu!  c.illcd  lUt  u:  .m  cincr.:;-iRit\s. 

I'lic  n.iuilll  llctt  is  i-()!1'1vIl,1  ct  ■.ibiiut  ■;  ■  Ihips  of 
tlic  liiK-,  aiul  alii'iit  16  lr'ii;,i!f< ;  but  tl\itc  .irc  lilu  iliv 
kept  in  I'uth  h.iJ  itpair,  that  the  Dai.es  wmiki  lii;.l  a 


llM. 


but  tlair  butcher's   meat   '"=  r,.jt,   on  tlie  whole,  rn  |,e 
toinpareJ  to  tl-.'t   nl   tiic  l''.Mf;hlli.      All   the  lieh  m  h,!l. 
ty   have  hot  hou'es,  and  hot  \s\\\U,   IrontcJ  ^nl,  .  j.;|, 
in  tluir  ;^. miens  i  \et,  lor  want  i>t  a  coinpK  ii.  k"()\  kii. ,; 
in  the  Miana_M-niei;;  ot  tlu  plants,   ilirir  linit,    in  •    lu - 


upon  an  enierytney,    in  lilting  mit  :o  lliips        ral,  is  li;ul.     In  other  Ions  ol  provilions  thc\  a:;-i!!vn 

a  par  with  tl;i  ir  i-,ei,';l. hours  ;  am!  their  nip  italiiin.s  ,,1 
\aniii:s  e.'.tablis  ot  luxun  have  nuitli  incn-ak.i  ol  I,'.:,- 
).:ars. 

'I'he  li;!h  tliat  heaves  bv  fleahh,  the  Halting  tt.ir, 
'I'he  melting  langnilh,  ihe  obliging  leir; 
Mall  ilttei'il  wiliu'h,  broken,  knul  replies, 
And  all  the  lileiit  eloquenee  ol  e)i  s, 
That  te.ich  the  iair,  by  \  a;  ions  wiks,  to  move 
'I'hc  lolitn'd  liinl,  aiul  bend  the  heart  to  love. 
I        I'roud  ol  her  eiiarin-;,  and  e'lileioU'  ol  h^  1  Liee, 
'        'I  he  haughtv  beautv  calls  loiili  tv'r\  grae-  ; 
i        ^Vitil  fierce  defiance  throws  the  kiluiig  ilavt  ; 
liy  ioiee  Ilie  wins,  bv  k.irce  Ihe  keeps  the  heart, 
'I'lie  witty  lair  a  Ia-IjIci  game  puihies. 
Aims  at  tlie  head,  but  the  rapt  loul  lubdiu--. 
'J  lie  languid  nvmp.h  cnll.ivt-s  \vi;h  loftir  r.n  j 
With  Iwcet  neglect  Ihe  ileal--  into  :!ij  ln',.rt : 
I       Slov.ly  Ihe  moves  her  Iwiiin  '.ing  e\e->  arcuiid  ; 
I       Ci^neeals  iier  ll.alt,  but  meditates  tlie  wom.d  : 
I       Her  ''Ciitle   laniorilhiiu  iits  the  r:a/ers  nii.vc  : 

'       Her  Wjice  i.i  luunc,  and  her  looks  are  kne. 

I 

jMaiiy  ot  the  fecond  rkd's,  or  titular  rii)bili!v,   are  i'l- 

'  reigiiers,  and  in  paiticul  ir  (;erinans,  whogeiK  rall\  c'  r 
hither  very  poor;   luit  by  fervilely  atlt  luliii;;  the  c  ,.;', 

,   and  lalling-  ii.to  all  the  Ichcines  el  the  kivouiile  eir  1.  ,1  i. 

I   tier,  ulually  aciUiire  wealth. 

I  'I'hole  who  cuinpoi'  the  third  ckil"-,  a:;  tkev  an'  C  . 
pendent  on,  are  obliged  to  be  luhtei'.  leiit  to,  thee  u.:, 
and  lubmiiiive  to  the  miniiler  and  favourites. 

The  I'cople  id'  the  tourth  clafs  are  eoiiceikd  aiu! 
hau,;hiy,  but  at  the  fiine  time  lervile  and  tiiied. 

^\'ith  rei'|Kcl  to  the  filth  clals,  tin-  kani- 1,  uoukl  1  •■ 
inne!i  more  ;;!ert  in  tlleir  Inifmef;,  il  tiit\  uere  bet..  ,■ 
Ilk -i  ;  aiul  ael  with  greater  Ipirit  .iiid  lourage,  il  i!'.- 
Were  not  familiarized  to  fear,  mil  iraiiieil  lioui  tf'  r 
birth",    to  tlie  moll:   abjrcl  1:  ive'ry,      ihe    l.uiners    a.- 


capable  ol  |  uttin.;  to  lea.  To  man  this  fleet  there  are 
two  orvlers  oi  leaineii  ;  vi/..  30,000,  who  are  conllantly 
(•moiled  and  r(  tained  in  times  of  ]ieacc,  by  a  triihng 
aimual  liipeiul,  and  being  exempted  Ironi  the  payment 
ot  eert.im  taxes  ;  and  a  lecemd  elaf-,  eoaip  'led  of  four 
divilions,  each  liiviiion  liavin:  a  iliiel,  and  ten  com- 
panies ot  iiS  men  each.  1  heie  are  cominaiided  by 
a  capt.iln,  who  has  two  fubaltern  oliici  rs  under  iiiin, 
In  this  clals,  there  are  a  certain  iiumber  o!  gunners,  w  ho 
have  a  kind  of  naval  acadeuiv,  and  inltiuct  the  leainen. 
This  fecond  clafs,  or  order,  contains  about  ■\~  10  meti, 
who  are  always  ready  tor  iinniediate  ler\i:e,  and  con- 
llantly kept  in  full  pay.  I'h -y  are  occafionally  recruited 
from  theenrclled  feamcn,  and  wear  a  blue  unilorm,  tai'ed 
witli  diiicrcnt  colours,  according  to  their  rciptttivc  k]ua- 
drons  ard  di\  iiions. 

'1  he  Danilli  men  of  war  cnrrvthe  fame  complement 
ci  men,  in  pro])ortion  to  their  guns-,  as  tlic  I'reiich 
lliips  ot  war  do  ;  but  they  are  much  inlci ii'r  in  point 
ot  conlhuc\ion,  botii  to  l.nglilh  anil  Krench  Ihips  of 
war;  ard,  indeed,  are  iar  l-oni  leiig  cijiial  to  tlie 
SwedKh  ll,iii>. 

A  marine  academy  was  inilituteJ.  lor  the  inllruciion 
of  vhuiii'  cadets  by  Frederick  J\'.  Appointments  were 
ija.'e  tor  v^  cadets  to  be  trained  u;>  to  a  t!;orough 
kiiov.lc'  ..  ot  naval  afi'air:;,  and  perlectiy  tan  .ht  na- 
vi:-ati.:  ,  gunnerv,  drawing,  lencing,  Inllory,  ge.i  r.i- 
ph\,  geometry,  leveral  olkrr  br.mehes  of  the  niathe- 
niatic3,  ivC.  In  order  to  i.)in  practice  t  i  theory,  il  tv 
were  annu.iily  to  make  a  voy::ge  in  a  fii.;,ite,  and  Ki  ■- 
celfively  to  perlorm  the  lerviec  ol  ccii:..ii'.i  leainen, 
|>ilots,  and  olliecrs.  '1  his  noble  ii.lHtuiiein,  however, 
is  now  greatly,  it  not  wholly,  neglected. 

S  1.  C    1   I  O  X      \I. 

R.rik!  ir  (V.Vv.,  ,lin:-:'i>  Mivrr  cf  J.k:=:',  Di'-o- 
f-ll.-.u,  l\  '■■:  ,  D  e  s  /".  ,/,  <>;/;,,  /;. ; .  r:,-  ;.,  l'):.. 
i-i'li-'i   ..    .'  /■-    ;/,_v'/.e;,/j    '/'  tl.c    I).;..  .      L..\i.-.    ki- 

Till',  inhabitants  of  Di'iimirk  nriy  be  ■.'.:■, '.le  1  iii'o 
kve  elalf. :.,  vi/..  the  nobility,  uhol  ve  privileged 
fiels  in  the  kingdom.  J  lie'  titul.ir  no,  iiil\.  (Jeruv, 
lasv  vers,  and  liiuk  lit-.  Me;e!.  I'.ts  and  t'ui/.en;.  ."-ea- 
liien,  tarini  rs.  and  kibo'.ne; -. 

The   iuiierior  c !  ilk     are  of  an  lii;di  Ip'rit,    and  have 
ns  much  vivacity  in  tiiein  a>  any  people  in  Luro]ie,  tlie 
l''rench   akiiic  e.\ee|Hed.      'I'he   nobility   in    particular 
arc   Ihewv,  lond  ol   inagnificenec,   and   live  in  a  mean 
between  tlie  I'.nulilh    and  the  (iennans  :   more  finnptu- 
ou»  than  the  latter,   1  ut  nut  with   liich  a  general  con- 
filtencv   as   the    tonner.       In   their  drefs    the    French 
lalhioiis  arc  i)riiicip;dly  lirillowed  ;  and  the  language  oi    j 
that  nation,    as  heloie  oklerved,    is    nriiverfil  aiiumg   ' 
them,     in  th.eir  houles  they  are  cNpi'iilivc,  not  only  in 
the  arehitccture,  butali"  in  tf'- luiniture,  exceeding,  in 
this  relpeet,  tiie  Ciennan-,  but  not  e'jualhng  the  l.ng- 
I'lh.     .\t  tiieir  tables  they  rei'inible  tlie  (Annans  moll   | 
tor  cookerv,   but  do   not  fit  fo  long  ;,t  tln.ir  ii.eals.     In 
derinaiiy    n  ur  courles  and  a  dek  rt   w'\   h   !v!,   upon   a   ' 
moderate  ceii'putation,  lour  hoiu's  and  an  hall,  which,   I 
in  Kin.li.ii'.d)  .re  dil])atched  in  one;   but  the    n.!n.-i  are 
beivvei  11   the  t'.vo,   leldoin   riling,   however,  inuk  r    t' e 
two   li'jur..      Seine  ol   the    liobiiity  are   vi;  y  expenir,  e 
in  l''reiicli  cook'i,  but  it  is  not  gciu  ral.     In  iheir  wines 
tiny  are   partii  ularly  euiiniis-.-boih    .is   to  iitialiiy  and   | 
V  irietv.     Their  tables  arc  aihnirably  well  ierved   with 
I, III,  p.irticuiarlv  ol   the  Inlh  water   kind;   and  lea  lilli 
is  111  trreat  alnindanci-,  thoii  ;h    iiot   ol   tiie   beli    lorts.    j 
W,M  |..wl  they  ab'  iiiid  greaily  in,  and   have  :i  gre.it- r   , 
\aie  t;  than  111  L.in.k:i:d.      1  lieir  venifon  i-,  t.xcelicni  ;   , 


lierlest    va:i 


1.1. 


aiul 


i    by    iii't    be.iig    per: 


lo  ha-. 


,.iiv  Will  (•!  tlieirouu,  be  i-  ii'.e  si  iiiJ,  earele!^,  a  i 
iiid  /.,  ill.  li  ..:iv  ol  tiie!e  h.ip]  ell  to  ',et  a  Ii;:  ie  ,:;  !  , 
t'-.ey  become  perlect  lots,  aid  ulually  delhoy  1  .  .. 
felves  by  inroxicatioii  ;  taking  n;)  elelight  in  anv  tiii;.:; 
but  out  drinkitig  tlieir  mi.,iiI)oiir  ;  aiul  in  this  tiiev  i-.-. 
,'el!v  ri-fe;iib!e  llie  toUM.y  lii.iie  ikk-.:bed  liy  ti.e  , 
who  li.\  s, 

M.  thill'., s  1  lee  hhn  in  his  hall  :!ppe:ir, 
Where'eve  rv  t.ible  llo;its  with  eliiniiu   beer  ; 
'Mi  ill  muj.;s  and  g,.illes,  ihatter'd  o'er  the  llo.  r, 
IXad  ilruiik  his  fervile  crew  fuplnely  liioie. 
Ti  luinpli.int  o'er  tin  iiro'lrale  brutes  he  ll.mds ; 
'Ihe  miglitv  bumper  trembk  s  in  his  haiuf. : 
liokily  i.e  drinks,  and,  like  his  glorious  lires, 
Iiieiipleius  ;;ulpjut  ])<neiit  .de  expires. 

Inde<'d,  tills  vice  oi  drinking  to  e.xcefs  is  alinoll  <:r- 
neral  among  the  Danes.  The  labouring  people  .in 
fome  of  the  moil  ojiprelled  and  iiiilerabie  wretelies  111 
l-.uro|ve. 

Thele  people  feklom  enter  into  ipeirrds  with  each 
other,  although  llu  y  are  very  lond  ol  drinking,  .iikI 
lino  iking  tobacco,  whicii  are  o(  general  ule  here,  iii.d 
doiiblleU  contribute  niiieh  to  tliLir  health,  an.l  to  ihe 
little  vivacity  they  pollels  iii  the  inidll  oi  Inch  11  eoki  .11. d 
Wit  atmolpliet-e. 

The  warlike  genius  tor  which  the  Danes  were  kir- 
inerly  celebrated,  is  now  totally  loll.  1  hey  are  liiiii.l, 
hilpieious,  lieeeitful,  dull,  and,  in  genc-d,  lliipid.  k) 
be  more  minute  in  their  characters,  an  .'ccinate  writer 
lay;.,  "  Their  general  ehar.icter  is  n,  llrange  conipok- 
tiun  of  pride  and  iiieaiiiiefs,  hifolenec  and  poveriv.    h 

ai.v 


onei!  a  | 

■I'iu-   , 
liirb    ', 
red,   '.il 
in  li.-Jit 
wooilen 
in.ar,  an 
lumiiure 

Ihe  1 

age,  ,,tui 
havi.g 
dead. 
hei,  /   > 
iiid'r.' 
k:i  ■;  a:; 

OUlil 

i.jy.i'  V. 

e.'t'  '   '. 
w  '  I  i  I  -.  , 

t.ie  l.-li! 
I..',  .ii 

W    K.     , 

hunt  1-11! 
horn-. 
t;.e  molt 
th.it  it  ai 

ol    luillt: 

iii.lividii 
and  liiui 
tovvarJ 
the  hoiii 
polier., 
tlicls  a 
lion  01  li 
whi,  h  th 
horns,  a 
i'he  cm 
niei  t,  ril 
llun  the 
they  liaii 
■'■wan 
court  cn| 
(hole  biri 
ones  are- 
king,  ip 


\i'HY. 

t,  on  the  wliiMc,  to  lie 
111.  All  tlic  licli  iiili.H- 
walls,  tront!  J  «hIi  'j;!-., 
jt  a  ciiiiipli !(.  ki'o'.  !til;,c 
Its,  llicir  tniit,  iH  ;, .  iu  . 
proviliiiii^  ti'.cN  :r.;-  u'.ii  u 
n:ul  tiicir  nip  itiitii>ii.>,  oi 
,t;  much  iiuiialu;  ol  \.:\.- 


■altl),   tlu'  |l.i:tiii--tv,ir, 
,ihli;iiii'^  li'  I''  i 
,  k'.iul  rLpri^->, 
•  ol  ty  *^, 

loiisi  wik  s,  to  iii'ivc 
the  heart  tu  l.n<'. 
■milciiiU'.  ol  1ki  tacr, 
.ilh  cv'r\  grace  ; 
iiiL  kiliHii;  ilait  ; 
(he  keeps  tile  iieart. 
le  piuliKs, 
rapt  loul  lulnhu-. 
N  \\i:h  lottcr  rirc  j 
1-'  into  the  lie.u-t  ; 
i.'.in;.!;  e\es  areinul  ; 
Jitates  the  uoii;.>!  : 
the  [jLizers  iimve  : 
:r  lui'ks  arc  lo\e, 

or  titular  nohili'.v,  are  ;  •- 
,  iiiaiis,  whoger.i  rally  e.i  r 
\ilely  altuulir.;',  li.e  c  .;■, 
.-.s  1,1  the  t.iVoinile  or  i.  .:  i- 

h'nv!  el.-.f;,   a-;  tl;e\-  are  ,'   . 

c  liihlei'.  lent  to,  thi  c   u.:, 
ami  lav.iLiri!'  ^. 

1  clal's   ate   ecK'-ii-Ail  aia! 

e  lerviie  anil  tlniii.1. 
lal's,  the  Itani'.  ii  wouKI  1  •• 

ilinel'-.  it  tin.)   were   !'■  t.'  .' 

I'pirit  and  n)inii;.;e,    it  r  ■  v 

r,  an. I  tr.iini.il  Iroui  ih  r 
ivery,  1  he  laniiers  .;, 
be.n  ;  p.'r:in.ri\l  to  \y.\-  ' 
.mc  !!  niJ,  earele!^,  :;  i 
•  :  cil  l'>  '.ec  a  li:;^-  in-:  , 
d  uluaily  delln.y  t  >  - 
;  n:>  Jjl-,ul!t  in  ai'.y  tlii:. ; 
-inr  ;  ant!  in  this  tiie\  e:, 
l,[uire  ilelciibeJ    l.-y  0:[ , 


hall  I'.ppeav, 
ilh  (1  nnni\  beer  ; 
atterM  o'er  tlie  lloer, 
w  I'upinely  hioie. 
ate  brute-,  he  llaiuN  ■, 
:)U-  in  his  haiul.  : 
,e  liis  glorious  lires, 
ale  expires. 

kin;';  I"  (xcefs  is  alinoll   ,  '- 
i'h'e    hilionnn;.;   people   .': 
ami  nuleraliie  wretche.-.  .•! 

er  into  ipiarrds  v.itli  i-i"' 
(TV  toml  ol  ihinkinK.  ■''''' 
I-  'ol  j^;elieral  ule  here,  Md 
to  vh.ir  health,  an.l  to  llie 
he  niiullot  lucll  a  coKi  ai.il 

Nvlileh  the  Danes  wen'  lor- 

!-,hv  l.'ll.      i  Ikv  are  tiinwl, 

lul.'ii,  jn-ne--l,  lliipi'l-      '" 

r.iclcrs,  an  .vcuratc  writer 

acur  IS  :i  llrann''  comi'oi;- 

mlolcuccaml  I'ovtrl).     h 

aiiv 


ITROI'l.T 


I)    r    N    U    A 


any  f;en!lcir.an  can  fnul  a  purchafcr  lor  his  eftate,  (he 
kinjj,  bv  the  Danilli  law,  has  a  ri;;ht  to  one  third  of 
t'  e  piireliale  money  ;  Init  the  la.m's  arc  lo  biirlheiicil 
with  iniporitvius,  that  tiiere  would  be  lU)  ilauger  of 
alien  J. .11,  e'en  il  this  rel'r;<.'.;oii  wa.;  not  in  force.  No 
]Hi!on  \.i  iild  I  iier  iiiomx  (or  an  i Hate  to  be  held  upon 
liiei;  tLi.n.,;  and  I'onie  i  uil!e;nv-n  have  actii;illy  oU'eri.-d 
I.I  ",i  :ke  .1  furrender  to  ihe  kin;;  ol  larjy.-  tracks  of  ler- 
til'.-  I,.:.  !  I.i  the  illand  vi'  '/.eah.nd.  Cnn.feiiais  that  they 
eiijoi  t'i'ir  p'jllelii'in?,  tliii<  ;.  neumbiaed,  at  the  nod  ot 
:•!;  ,u ■;).■.;  i.\  fi.verei;"!,  ihe\  are  at  l;:tle  or  no  pains  to 
;li'  irellatcs ;  and  ur,y  look  upon  trade  as  he- 
ir d:;;ility.  'I'hey  therelorc  rack  their  te- 
h  tiie  utiiu  II  '.'p;  r.i'i.'ii,  in  order  to  procure 
ra;,' 


inii\-o\'- 
n.arh   il 

VS./.r-  V.   • 

i;  i;  irii'ii 
ti  ay,  ,r.- 
:iniiie\   il 
hnd    .n 
I  '  enl.n. 


.te  means  oi  ;ra;,l)in;-,  their  vanitv,  glut- 
e\;Mv.ig;'.ne.-.  ihol';;  cnirtiers  who  derive  | 
in  li  :r  cm;  li.'viiu  nts,  inllead  of  pureluiliiij;  ' 
i.iimnk,  uii'.it  their  ealii  to  the  banks  ol  1 
aiul  AniUerdain.  'Ihe  merchants  and  ! 
I,;;i;;-'!i  IS  tn  ad  in  the  iooilieps  ol  their  fuperiors,  and  ' 
111,  h!  all  ll:eh-  gain  in  luxury  and  pleafure,  with  ;ni 
Il  r-  l'.. ,','.    aMilitv,   as  li    they   were  atraid  of  incurring 


'.    ;     :.  '     •• ~j     "" 1, 

::e  ''lep  ei,)n  ol  ailhience,  and  belni;  llrijiped  by  taxa- 
:uii.  '1  he  jiralant,  or  boor,  follows  tlie  fame  example  ; 


1 

liuii.  '1  he  ]iralant,  or  boor,  follows  tlie  fame  example  ; 

Mr  11,1  loi.ner  I, a;;  he  earned  a  rix-dollar,  liian  he  makes 

I'.d  it  in  br.m.dy,  led  it  lliouid  lall  into  the 

'I'liis  lower  dais  of 


Il  ;!-■  1.1  I'x; 

hand     ol   Ins  oppr.  dive  l.in.ilord > 

]eo;l',i;-.-  aiabfoiu'.e  iL'.m  .  .is  tlie  nei.roes  in  the  \V(  it- 
iiuiit  ■,  and  fiihlill  up^iil  nuieli  harder  fare.  '1  he  value 
ol  ell, lie  >  IS  init  co;.;;;uted  by  the  number  ol  acre.-,  but 
in-  the  liock  ol  boor.^,  wlio,  like  tiie  timber,  aie  rcek- 
u:k  i!  a  parcel  of  the  fieehold." 

riu-  ))anes,  in  perfon,  arc  ufuaily  tall,  l^ron;,^  well-  , 
ha.li  ',  and  tolen.i'.iy  featured  ;  in  general  they  ha\e  . 
red,  •  ellow,  and  1,  ,nt  li.iir.  In  the  lummer  they  drefs  i 
inli.'.ht  appa-.l  ,  and,  in  winter,  wear  warm  furs,  or  [ 
wo.illen  cloatiiinij.  T.;,  y  lee.l  uii.m  itock-filh,  fait  , 
m.ar,  .-.nd  other  e.x'.rfe  I'iet.  Tlie  only  i.i;ood  piece  of 
hniniure  in  their  htuiles  i^  the  leatln  r-bcd.  I 

The  D.mes  eipi.iilv  le.i.t  and  mike  merry  at  marri-  I 
;i;4i  s  .md  luncrals.  '1  he  r..)bi:;tv  pique  themfelvis  upon  ' 
f.:'.\  i;;;.!;    luiiiptuons    burins    and    monuaients  ior  their 
dead.     The   principal    diverlu.;.-    if  tliel'c    peojile    are  : 
be!.;.'   drawn   in  !l.  ilp"-s    vn{>n  ti.e   lee,    during   wirier, 
a:  d   ri'iininij;   at  thi- goof    on    .'^'n'.ve   'i'uefday.      I  lie   ' 
l.:i  ';  annnadv  pa'-'.il.t .-,  ol   t!;e  pdlime  ol  llag-hunting,  - 
(   nil  •   \>':i>h  di'.erlh'ii   i...  I.s-.   a  i  .e  the  traiip:n;..;s  et 
1  ,y.i    V,  ...id  mingle;,  ...s  :m  tcpial,   wiiii  his  nob!,  i  and   ' 
:.'t  '   !  1.1  -■.      liven    tne   coaim.in    people   arc   indulL^ed 
1  V..:'.   I  .straoidi.i.irv  freclnai,  .,t  ImU  time.      When    , 
ill'.  ii.'<;  i'l  tlie  eveniing  tlie  hunt- 
e  ;;riMl  eoi;rt_  iiclore  the  pal. ice, 
;he  It  n;,   w  ;lli  ;.;>  e.ii  eer,,rii. 
r.'.:",,   who  a;e  i:  i.i'.hed  i;i  Vi^, 

wh'l,'  lie'  hounds  att'-n.l  wl:!i 
lenee.     l'roel,imation  is  in.id  ■, 


the  h'i'ltin',,-  is  ove;-.  . 
n..,  ;ir..  .  .re  h,  Id  in 
\'.   e 

l.m. 

h.iri'-.  about  their  neel.-:, 

i:.e  in.itl  clamorou.-'  niui.i 


IV,  is  cut  up  by  ti,e 
and  have  hiintiii'.j- 


th.vi  ii  any  perfoii  ha-,  that  d.iv,  iranlgrclVnl  the  laws 
of  hunting,  he  Ihould  be  imaieJ.i.itely  accufed.  .Some 
ia.hvidii.d  is  always  lelecfed  lor  this  pnrpole,  tried, 
\.i\\d  four,. I  (guilty.  Then  he  is  led  by  two  gentlemen 
toward-;  the  ll.f.;,  win  re  he  full  knei  I.s  down  between 
the  horns,  lie  is  alterwards  obliged  to  raile  uji  liib 
poll,  rlors,  on  which  an  oilicer,  with  a  large  wand,  in 
ihcls  a  certain  nuaiiur  ol  llrijci,  to  tlie  iiili'''.e  diver- 
l:on  ol  ihe  cpieiii,  I. idles,  an  I  other  Ipeclatois;  during 
whuhiht:  hounds  open,  and  the  huntimen  blow  their 
horns,  as  if  in  concert,  to  pierl.iim  the  king's  jiilUcc. 
I  he  criminal  having  undcrgoi'.'-  this  ludicrous  ehallifc- 
nui't,  riles  up,  and  makes  a  profound  obcilaiiee  ;  and 
tlun  the  hiuuuls  are  permitted  vj  re;;  ile  upon  the  (lag 
they  had  nm  down, 

.'.wan  hunting  is  another  roval  iliverlioii,  which  ihc 
court  enjoys  in  a  Iniall  illand  near  laipenhagen,  where 
lliofe  birds  breed  in  great  nmnhers.  Ueiore  tlie  young 
ones  are  fullieiently  lledged  t'l  take  their  lllght,  the 
king,  queen,  courtiers,  i^e.  let  out  lor  this  ill.md  in 
a  number  ol  pinnaces,  cnclole  the  h.umt  of  the  I'wans, 
and,   V.  ilh  lowhng-jiieces,  dcllroy  them  by  thoul.inds. 


K. 


(^30 


The  llelh  is  never  eaten,  but  i!:r  feathers  and  down 
belong'  to  the  king-. 

In  many  of  tlitir  ilivi  rlionsthe  Dane-:  follow  the  f.ifli- 
ions  ul  the  French  ani  flngliih.  C  aids  make  a  greater 
progrefs  than  fiuanerlv  ;  and  the  viv..-s  of  tite  m-bihty, 
and  of  fuch  other  d.dles  as  can  ,.;:'. ,rd  it,  h;  ve,  af  Co- 
penhagen, their  athmlilies  almell  a-;  rigi.daily  a,'  any 
at  London.  'I'lie  nun  are  gf  .it  iheis  pi.iv,  rs,  it  be- 
ing a  game  tlii'y  are  very  fund  ol,  and  which  is  me.rc 
ciiinintinly  introduced  at  iheir  vllits  th;:n  in  I'lngh.iid. 
Billiard.-  and  t-ainis  are  alio  common  at  Copenh.igeu. 
'1  he  theatre  is  Frcucll  ;  thuiigh  they  have  edablilhed  a 
Danilli  one,  where  jiieces,  traiillated  Irom  the  Mngliih 
and  freikh,  are  indlllerently  perloriin  d.  Attempts 
have  been  made  for  an  Italian  opera,  but  with  no  liiccefs. 

The  people  ot  Denmaik  are  liil'itcb  lo  apoplexies  and 
eplleplies,  which  are  ouing  to  li.nd  drlnkli  g,  and  low 
living.  While  tlie  peal.mts  are  empl.iMd  wiilanit 
doors,  at  their  labour,  tlie  woiien  are  i.eeu|/led  at 
home  in  fphming  yarn  lor  linen,  which  is  here  made 
to  a  great  degree  ol  linenels  and  goodin  Is,  i  iic  titles 
and  towns  ailord  but  b  id  aceommodationi  to  Ihangers, 
the  taverns  being  poorly  fupplied  ;  and  a  traveller,  I'j 
be  in  any  wife  contented  in  this  countrv,  luu'l;  carry 
with  him  .1  tr.ivtller's  ap|):,rlit.  and  patiei.ie. 

'J'lie  titles  ai'.d  diUinctions,  ot  winch  the  Danes  are 
fo  fonti,  are  partly  annexed  to  uilht.rv,  civil,  a., J  ec- 
clchaltical  employments,  and  pa.tly  noii  in.ii.  I'lie  va- 
rious emplov  r.ients  give  a  kind  ot  di-mtv,  dmli;:'  life, 
1)  thole  who  hold  them  ;  :uui  the  n.iture  tA  the  einj  U'y 
tlxcs  the  rank  between  thole  who  are  in  'lie  lame  train  ; 
bat  it  cannot  decide  the  precedency  between  an  ollicer, 
a  magillrate,  aiul  an  ecclcllallic ;  aiiil  therefore  this 
is  regulated  by  an  ordin.mce  lor  the  etitjiK  tte  i>r  rank. 
With  rel'pect  to  the  nominal  ranks,  noLilitv  aiu*  title, 
the  belt  inlormation  is  thus  given  by  a  very  intelligent 
writer  :  "  .Vs  thole  wliofc  oliices  arc  n.imeJ  in  the  te'Kt, 
are  fuppoled  t.)  be  liiperior  to  thnle  who  hive  n..  i;a- 
plov,  or  whole  emphiy  is  not  cLnhd  in  the  oid.'i.mee, 
tlie  delire,  and  e\i.n  the  want  of  having  a  rank,  is  the 
realon  why  fim|)le  titles  w-liich  are  not  ami,  xed  to  any 
emiil.iyment  or  emolument,  are  to  much  the  objects  of 
ambition.  It  is  ci''minon,  in  this  countrv,  to  fibiaiii 
the  title  o!  an  emplnvment,  which  the  perhn  never  ex- 
erciles,  and  Irom  which  he  never  receive-  aiiv  iiecmhary 
bcnelit,  but  even  ]ia\,,  a  confiderable   lu  ii   \ early    tor 


lie  ii'.ie  :   aii.i  \evv  I'lten  tl 


WHO  !;,i\e  a  cer- 


tam  r.mi 


bv  their  caip  oyments,  alter  foine  time,  ob- 
tain titles  liiperh.r  to  their  riipeclive  iunctions.  'Ihilc 
titles  are  irKcwHc  fometiines  im.iginary  ;  as  thus,  when 
a  perloii  has  the  title  of  cour.felior  ol  Hate,  of  juiiice, 
or  ot  finances,  it  is  not  to  be  conchkleil  irom  du  nee, 
that  he  has  iieciii'arily  any  part  ('f  tee  govrrmner.t  of 
the  Hate  ot  julllee,  or  ot  the  piii-hi.  revenue,  excep.t 
the  word  ,,■.,.■.,(,'' is  added  to  his  cliai.icter,  otherwlle  it 
is  onlv  a  nomiiuil  characler  which  iiiarhs  Irs  rank. 
The  king  of  Denmark  has  a  grc.it  mnnher  ol  lorils  ol  the 
bed-chamber,  who  pay  about  ten  pounds  lierlnig  yearly 
for  wealing  a  golden  kev,  which  gives  them  a  confi- 
derable rank;  and  yet  there  are  not  tm  paid  lor  tlieir 
•..iteiidante  at  court.  To  the  court  beloii;;  two  ancient 
orders  of  kni;;litliood,  viz.  That  of  the  Mli  pliant,  and 
ihat  of  Danebur;:. 

The  badj';e  of  the  former,  which  is  the  mnfl  lionoiir- 
abli',  is  an  ele|ihant  Ihrnumnied  with  a  eallle  let  witli 
diamonds,  and  luliviidevl  to  a  li;v-eoloured  ribb.n, 
worn  like  the  (ieoreein  Kn;;land.  This  ordei  was  in- 
iVituted  by  ('hritiian  1.  at  his  Ion's  weddlu;,.  It  is 
eotilerrcd  onlv  on  perlons  of  ilie  liiglult  ipMhtv  ;  and 
the  nuinbir  >>\  eoinpaiiies  amount  to  thiriv,  bifules  the 
Ibvereign.  'I'he  order  of  D.uicburg,  though  kfs  hon- 
ourable, is  much  more  ancient.  'I'lils  is  bellow e, I,  as 
an  lioiuaMiv  reward,  upon  the  noblell'e  ol  inlerior  r,ink j 
its  iniignl.i  beim.:  a  white  ribbon  with  red  edges,  worn 
over  the  Kit  IhouKler,  from  which  depends  a  linall  ilia- 
inond  crols,  and  an  embroidered  fl.ir  on  the  bre.ill  of 
the  coall,  lurrmnuled  wltli  the  inotio  I'^uiw  is  Jtijluui, 
or  piety  .iiul  iulliee. 

Here 


¥i 


?i' 


iii 


1^! 


,'- 


\ 


U 


mi 


uo 


A  NF.W  A\r>  AlITIir.NTIC  SV^ITM  o?  T-NIvrilSAI.  CEOCIIAPIIV, 


1  lore  H  likcwill'  a 
callfvl  till.-  onlcr  ol  S:.  >,i 


,  r    nl 


■  111:' nliiOOll 


1,      '    1 


ii;nu  11  w  1 


til  fpi 


.1  I 


na  la'.iri. 


li  tlicv  lull!  receive-!.! 


atr. 


i..!in:.i,  ;iiul  iiuiiiut'.'il  m  lio'.uuir 


o!  till.  I.itf  unlortun.itc  qtuin;  l)t;t  it  is  ii 


;  Jtd,  ;mi.l  coiilcqucntiy  ru.t  Liipiriil  t  >  i  r  1. 


i.W  lillt  little  i\ 


'.ttlltL'f. 


S   K  C    1'  1   () 


VI! 


iiijury  Inun  n  iici,i;!ihoiii  i:i;:  ikUioii,  that  iiiiiioii  was  elio. 
It'll  ioi-  till-  lirll  vicliiii.     'Ilnilc   w'lniii  tliiv  vanquiliK-i! 


were  jrciii  rally  put  to  (.leaili.     Smiu'timts,  iiulceii,  t!;c.v 


eoiUeiited  tlienilelves  w 
t.lteii, 


itli  iiiaUi; 


II; 


iivei!  HI  tlicin 


il'e,   by   a   liii,L.;i;!.ir  l.itui  of 


r.nlKT   liv   a  ileli 


re  ol    liijM 


nisToiiY  er  Di-NMAi;i:,  N\  ;ava^ 


iiul  liicinlelvis  I'lii-eii.ir 


llClillltV,    Oi- 


hell.!.-  ivi  ;i,    il   tiicv 


t.i  ilie  n:rMy  v.liiJi  |  rikiitcd 


rj-\ 


tiuu  can 


I'.   (V,  :.;inai  iiilial>it;'.!-.t;;  ei   O.irnarl^   ".ik!    Ndr- 


w.iv  apjiear,  iroiii  tl'.e  r.;.i.t  aiUlientK'  ir.u  m   eiiec        l| 


In-  ..I: 


itlrll  a;.;;'.iiill  tl:eiu,  tliey  onler-.u  oil'  a  pait  nt  t!,i  ir  Iki.t, 
tiiat  tl.cy  iniij'.t  li;;llt  ti'.-J  '-;u';;,y  v/itii  e.paal  lerei ,  i.-:. 
Ip^lni;'  the  ';a';iiiii'.;   an  aJvama'',-'    ^\ illi   iui^'rior  luiia- 


itaiiieil,  to   li.tve  licei 


lilies  ol  li.e  all-        I 


n  rs-,  aiul  re;.;'Uiliii;;  it  as  an  inlair.iuis  practice  to  lia- 


citiit   Se\r!ii:,ii-',  ami  were  called  !iy  tlie  app' llatioii  of        pri/.e  an  cm  my  in  t!ie  ii!;.;lit.     'I 


Jill 


tlic  Ciinbii.     '1 


lev  li.ul  Inread   liieini' 


Ives  ilirou-.'.!i 


.11 


tlie  iiortiiern  a;u 


dwelt 


]iroviileil   witli    anus,    ami    tluir    men    were 


parts  oil. iirope,  aiki  ati'itiired  i     taii,i;lit  to  lAiin,  lii  tliat  as  tl.cy  ficncrally  loiii.;! 


their  lirll    l.iiiu-   Ircin  their  eelclirated  expedition   into   \     the  lliore,  tliev  were   oiien    in  a    I 


it  m.ir 


itii.itien  ol 


It.ilv,  t! 


t!:en   e.  nqiu 


ll  of 
ill  tlie  K 


red  lu 


.'It 


i;s,  tdl   t! 
dro'. c  them 


h:,' 


ce;  cihiv.;'  e;;- 
xopl,-,  li-lil  d 
il:lo  their  ev.  ;i 


Ilieiiilelve.s,  altlMir  'i  their  \ellcls  were  dellroveil 


er.iiiaii 


n 

ol   their 


ISC  i!;anner  in  winch   tm: 
r\.:iv,   (ir 


K> 


nds    Wire    divided    ii 
us  th;.i  l';e  eliiJ  ci, 


mentioned  of  the!'.-  peerle  fur  r. 


'Veiniiint    was  to    ii;'.ve   a    rri.t    n  aritiiix 


r 


V. iiui.   it    ij   liiid,  tliat  a 


^n.it    pel  I, 111,     n;;!iic 


erv  divilion,  wliit  ;cr  it  vv.is  i.;r 

,1 


e.  :er  ( 


ilri'    mac 


iiilcil   K.vin  ivn 


Its  i;:!"ie  hoiii  the  mil  iher  ol  velicl,^  tiiat  it  iMi...! 

I 


ad  ir.c        njiiip,  and  m  lome   pL.ces  th.  ir   names  arc   (:i.l:;:i 


and  liis  ahilitiis  lieiiv^   ic-.d   to  his        In   tlic   lu-;.;Innin;;  ol   tlicir   i..,iriiime  c.\p» 


It  o;dv  linHliieti 


.i;ii  ."■  a  '.cnc- 


litit.s    Wire 


r.i  t    \crv    eoiiiuicrahde ;    Imt    wh.n   ihi 


..!,  :mi.1  ruled  the  people  lor  them  :l^  hill;;,  luil  leiii.id        jiiiii'is   h '.d   enriched  tliCinlelve.i   by   rdiiiuh  r,r;,'    li 


a  new  n  li.;i.  n  lor  tliem 


d 


a  leu'liator. 


lb 


ai.il  pre:  III  il.c  .1  a  e  ce 
ard  1  lo.  ;.i,    \i !  i>  l.ril 


ill  I'.'lilHiUr: 


lev  came  to   have 


lail 


•I   v.a'-,  aiiil  I  :k  h  lliip  to  carrv   Iroin    lo     to    r:.,  r.r. 


n,Lt  o\cr  tlie  M'.\o;.s 


li;iea,e  In-ni  liim  ;  a  id  im  ll  ol  ilie  u-\ 


iiu  I  I'.i.'h.iid,  dci.N'.ii    iheir        d'o  a  ration  that  is  wholly  addicted  to  |Iunder  and  r. 


aiKl  a  police    arc   oi    vliv    l;t;!e   ii' 


i1  i.ii.  ;  ol  llic  noit  ;ern  lart.s  ol  1-  inot-.c,  to  tin.-  \ei  v  d.!\ 


t  I 


■li 


wfl^  liru.lv 


tlie  cale  ol  I\nmarl\  wli 


1. 


irctc'.'.d  to  iv'.i-r  duirdelctnt  liom  hi:n.     Xn  1  :llori,.'.is 


d    ( 


lora  an,  can; 


to  til 


c   throne   in  the   yeai   ii/.:-. 


it  p;c;:n,!  to  :;lc;  iiain  Ir.iu  whence  tl.iv  t;  h  hrated         1  \.r  lew  iil>  liil  re;4  illations  which  l.ad  been  lalt  tlieiu  I 

re  now  laid   alide,  and  the  kin^ 


m  I  ..nil  ,  or  w  l.iii  lie  il:c> 


n;  I.  1,1  a  \u  \   iidicn'.ius 


r»  1  i.cii  ai.vl  oiner,--,  we 


and  l.il  eh  n 


;'.ccount   oi    In 


'I'liev,   il  d' ed,    l.i\,   tiiat    he   li\id.   almnt   fo   \iar>   h 


ilcvl.         iloiii   w.is  iIu  i.icd  ainon;';  iw  o  or  tiiree  ]■;  a.ice,- 


W  I  O  I  o- 


fo 


ol  t  linii,  ar 


d  il 


,e  w....  t.ic  Ir.  It   wl.o 


i.  li    V,  i;!i   .1  vcrv  inn 
h  we  lind  in  tlic  liiilo 


P' 


that  coii.ul 


ever  bore  the  title  ot  kini;  ol  Deiimaik 


Wi 


prot;cny   reigned   alti  r  hiiii  in  tin 


ry  ol  Dcnm.irk  to  this  time, 
v,a. .  occ.li  1.  .1  liv  I  nc  liillorian  writing;  the  liillirv  c' 
or.e  jv.in^e  w!io  leiancd  in  this  country,   and  am. 


lionliun  n  itioiis,   and  at  Icnptli    re\.ii   e.l  the   n'.i-;or-        the  h.ltorv  ol  ..no'.hcr  |iiinc-,-   who  rei-ned  at  the  Tai': 

to  Ins   crown  all  \'' 
jll.irs    h.i 


tiirc-  and  n a.carn 
mans,   In- 


ol  tlu  ir  aiut  .ll 


iiiit   ( 


oirinan,  I'V   nn 


ualiy  wcalscniii'; 


un    ^ii    over- 


1). 


•  U 


>l    w: 


u  ll    ills    aiu 


turniii,',  t.-.e  t  ninire. 


d,   and    l-ciil'i  loleid  b\   the   cinpcro:  t  i 


roni  \>  clIi  n,  t 


lie  iirfl  n 


inl.i  isiil'i,  to 


raiii'd  I.o  hr  '£;■,  wh.)  1m  ■•m  his  rcien  A.  1). 


fnr- 
tiic 


'.  e  11  e  Ciliriliia.,  ri  li.ion 
innu  lit  aioiiii  lome  Icm an  ; 


into   Ins  ua 


Ih 


(;ave  t; 


;nul  iroin  In  nee  we  m 


D.I 


i.i..inn.les   iiier.ti.ii 


10    k 


u;t    lull  nil    11 . 


'e  ihe  o 


r'   in  ol  th.e  civil 


rovernincr.t  v. Iiicii  c 


vitli  lit-h-  mre  tlian  tinir  nann  ,,  or  .it  Icid  \\illi  onlv    i     thi>  Ihi'.e  lor  n.aiiv  \ears  aitei waids 


inch  l.ihi'--  a  .are  t 


oo  ri  licnu.Ms  and  ablurd  in-  con. me-  In  the  v.ir  i,o.;  it  is  rehitcd  that  there  \va^  a  ■  ■.  :icr 


innratum,  or  even  recif.d,  m  thij  i -.ihclitencd 


re  ol  tiie  l).i 


lettiiil  in   l.m.ilant. 


land,  uh 


'ii.-.   p..  .ii..iiHis  number  ol  people  w  !:o  h  it  tin- eoun-        coimiu  nior..trd  an-.m.illv   at   lliehtide.     .Soi 


,  it.il 
:  a;  I. 

try  il.  the  ciiii  century,  to  join  tlic  ariiii..- which  tiici.led        to  doubt   the  truth  1. 1  this  h.>.  ;  but  however  that  be, 

liie  con  ;•.;  d  oi  the  werterii  empire,   ; 


IV  wcai.ii.c 


.] 


cert. nil  it  i-,  that  S\u  in  am 


h:    li  n,  C 


!c,  or  I'v'.'.i; 


k 


It  rceu\erLil  alioiit  the  i|..  i.!h  i.ni.iiv, 


made  an  enine  c. 


nai 


i  oi  t: 


1 .  :cin':doni  aliont  ti 


Vvl.ui -.\e  inui  t.ie  1  ),ines  rile  int.)  nn|)ort.'.ii..e  .. ,  a  n.aii-         1014,    ti.-mli    li  v.  ral    battles    weie    |.in_',ht    uiin 


time  je -pie,  and  liarra!>  the  co. 


lis  ol  C\ 


i. 


S.ison  kiln;   l.tiieired,   and  bis  Ion,   Kdinund    li 


o:\\'  r.'.nia, 


Irel.ind,  .Scotl.iiid,   l-'iance,   and    1  nc'-        b,  lore  the  l).,nes  could  elhiblilli  thcinlelvcs  licrc.    I 


land.      biiev  even  att  icl\.ed  the  i  iiipcror  Cliarleinas'iic, 


the   death    ol'   iidinund  Ironlidc 


burnt   his  jiahice  at  iVi\-la-Cih  iiicile,  c 


11. 


d   1' 


vcr-rtin    Lo-,vcr 
.r-  ;    coii- 


t'reat  men 


^iiow  iei!''ecl 


,1  {'.Miute  their  kin;^,  Iwi 


the   .i;re.i;eil    ])art   ol    the  kinud":n  oi  ri.uii 


ieeriiicr   to  1,1111,  ami  iciioum . 
niund,  1  .iv, ,iu'  and.   lidmund,    w. 


.1  the   two  k.n..   el 


laniin 


;d):  i^ed  her  kin;.;s  t  t  p.iy  an  i'li'iii.  nl-    tnlaiie  ;    r.iv,  "ed        i.i  Swe.li  n,    lioiii    ul;encc   tiny    went    int.)    llui./.ir^, 

.1-        wlicK  tiiy  nrklrd  many  \ear^.      Kui"  (  .imitt ,  in  li... 


^p.iiii  ane  It.io,  anJ  coinmitn  il   111. nv  it,,  r  lii : 

ti.iii 

iirll 


.\ili    d   liie    Great,    kin.;  ol    la 
gave  them  any  ci 


I'le.in  tnre. 


ob'i'.'ed  the  Knelilli  to  rule  him    1 


m  ii.ar..li  w  no 


nil.,   i.iole  c.:ci 


l)v  innin.ie;  a 


licet  I 


-.taelv  th   ,M    on    lliat  e 


le  their  naval  e.\j)Cvlitioi.i,  aiii 
.nii'iit    wlicic   the'/   faanied    ti 


have  I 


11.:. I  a  1. 1. ,111 
At  thi-,   ti  lie  tl 


lell  I 


uperioritv. 


every  s>ar,  with  which  lie  paid  lil.i  loree^,  and  in.nii- 
t.iincd  hi:<  court -.  and  in  the  \ear  ily  he  eolu|uered 
the  kiin.doin  ol  r.'i.rway,  In  tlie  i^tli  \e.ir  ol  hi, 
rei'Oi,   anno    10  ;i,   he    viiited    Koine,    when   he   -.ivi 


;-ll 


rt    ol"  t! 


1" 


Wen-        r  re.it   par 

1 1   «'  1 


t  of  the    Ip.iils   ol   ti 


t  .umtii. 


lie   Inul  coll- 


bred  up  to  tie  Id    Iroin   their  childhood,  and    li.id   no     ;  ipiercil   to  that   he,  and  rctinnin  ;  to  liir.d.md,  died  at 

idc. IS  (d  tic  d.uiiiers  to  which  liny  were  cxpoled  on  thi.,  I  .Shaltlbur-. ,   on  the    1  .;th   oT  Is'ov    .nbcr,    Ic'V'j    laiMH'; 

clement.      When  a  prince  had  attained  th.e  an- ol  1  i  or  ,  dividid    his   doininhms   lietuien    his   thrte   Ions.      'I  o 

2j   yt.irs,   he  fielier.illy    requdled   hi,    hither    to   have  I  ll.irold    be    ,t;a\e    lin.d.iiul,     t.i    .'.ucin    Noiu..y,    and 

loiiu-  liiipi  e.|uipi)ed,  by  which  he  might  attempt  lome  '  to  Canute  neniiiark.     ll.irohl  died  anno  104",  Icaviiifj 

'I'liis  ',  neitlier  wile  or  ilia-,  and  wa.s  lucceeded  by  iiis  brother 
IbirJicimite,   tliu  third  iim    ol    ('.inme,    who  iln-d   m 


orioui    .md   ulelul   e.sploit   with  lii^   lollo 


the  lather  rei'.u' 


dcd 


mark  ol    Ins  riliin;  courage 


an 


,lol 


a  L'leat  mm 


d.     A 


leet  w 


id   whicli    t!ic   ailinirat,   and  all   his    oiliecrs  and   intr 


as  armed  iinmedi.itely,   M   the  year   104:.     '1  hi.s  'v.i^   the  hill   king  ol  the  D.u 


,   11  race  111  r.ngiaiul  ;  im-  he 


Im 


mac! 


,0    reciprocal    proiiiilcs    never    to    rciiirn,  except   n  called  the  Coiilcllor,  loll  ol  kin,,  lithclrcJ. 


h  d  here  by  i'.dv 


Caimta 


I'-Rorr..] 

<  '.imile  \' 
final  ,in.|  M 
ui  1,111^  of  ih 
j  cl  lo  li..-  1) 
ol   l.icoi.M. 

W.dd.in.ii 
am!  ii\ .  d  III 
reign  :   hut   i 
If  rnlonas,  a 
the    llo'v    I. 
b.mciicr  ihe 
bi  r  liuin.ind 
kii'-^  priloi  .■ 
ihr  -c  \e,ir-, 
bheitv. 

While  tin 
leiihiirg,  L.n 
lonick  kii'gl 
count  .*>(  Ii.iw 

On  ihe  (It 
fj-i  a-ii  Nhir.: 
Denm.irk  ar 
jiepla  ■•,  liii 
the  ki:. ;  ol' 
thai  rnd'e  tl 
(none  under 
r- 1.0  ■,  net,  li 
but  !  e  \.,i>  (! 
and  leiii  'eg 
till  ha  dial 

(  hihli.iii, 
'■l.Mi  ■""'  il 

IIIJl  k   \<  dele. 

ik  n,  \w  >eh  I 
ga\ e  I  a  1  ihe 
rieil  his  d.iu 
Jseoll.ind,  .on 
an. I  .'-hvthinil 
lition,  .0  !i  1 
tin  Dnnh  h. 
V  111  on!  all.  11: 
J.n.i  ;:v:aji 
l.iin;  ( L.iiiis 
(ohn,  wl.o 
broilur  1-  led 

In  the  >:■'. 
w.l^  I  ilahlilli 
bo.  lo:i  rie.i 
I  .0,  1  .in;  ei 
niilain  Ic.  .  e 
ol  !iol!:,m;  i: 

1  :  ■■  del  ilk 
<ii>;  of  Copi 
Sv. (  .h  II,  V  I'l 
I'lio am  !.''■, 
I,  !  .-  .iHdhi 

(a:,  li    oi    1,  .1! 

loi  Hill. lie  in 
picro.;.iti\e  I 
l-l.i  li|h|efl^, 
in.idr  liiini.  h' 
liiic'  I!  on  ol 
villi  iln  jiea 
lia  \  V  V  le  lu 
I'.iu  c  am, nil 
i:..;  no!  inn  a 
>  I  le  ll  a  ir-, 
th     1  uillieii  ; 

I  ,;■,  ii-a,  no  |,|.^ 
liii  I  on  ran:'. 
V, ,.  :  i;  hi  I  li  ni 
(.•!  ,  aiali.i.ii 

II  .nil-  11  I  ll  pi 
<  !  1  "\  .  \\\:n  , 
to  1,11!,  a.  i| 

III  .1  ri  i'  iliilio 
1  n  ihroie  h. 
td  llie  (il  ligii, 

>;o. ,. 


IIV. 

tln'v  liad  received  mv 
I,  that  n.itioii  wiis  did. 
, Imni  tiny  v.inciuillK-i! 
lu'tiir.cs,  iluIixJ,  t!;LV 
;  llavi.'i  (il  tlicin  i  ;',ik! 
'ul  of  <;•  l'.c;.ili;y,  (ir 
;  tlk  11  !■,  ivi  ;,  il  till  y 
■.(■;. :y  v.  hiJi  |  i\  IciUil 
'if  a  |\ut  <>t  tl,i  ir  llm, 
w it'll  cjual  K-rcc,  ll- 

with  liii'.rlor  iiiim- 
ndiis  praLticc  tn  li.r- 
Lir  vclllls  V, lie  ;ii'.'. .  ■. ■; 

till  ir  nun  wire  ,  ! 
LiiiLrally  iiui;,'lit  i;i,ir 

litii.itlon  ol  lv:ciirii.;j 
were  ikdri'vci!. 
mis  wire  iliviJ'.l  ii> 
L;,i  tl.iu  the  tlii-l  i:.A 
ve  a  }',rt:.t  n  ;;r.tiii:e 
it  v.. IS  j^re.  tiT  (  r  I,  , 
il  veil',.!.-,  tluit  it  ciii.,,! 
I, allies  lire  iiiil  ;;i  i;:  ■. 
iii.e  I  xivil  i ',..>!. '.  ll.'^  ]: 
l)le;    liiit    wli.ii   I'a!: 

Ii\    iliiiul,  r.r;;-    1.    ;■ 

■;  'cr'  ;:^.-  lail  .■!  li.,;  • 
n.m  I  :;  ti>  1 1:^  i:v.  lu 
eil  to  I  l.p.uli  r  .'.lul  r.. 
re  oi  viiy  liuL-  ii'-. 
nurU  \\!i>:ii  tli.  ir  l.iiii, 
one   ill  tliC   ye. 11   !>.•;..■. 

1  .111  been  L'lt  tliem  !.  •; 
.1  iilii'.e,  and  t!ie  Liii,.,- 
t'.iree  i;r.iee,-<,  w'  .i  ',i>- 
■r  :  ;i!id  tli.it  ei'ii!at:.  u 
Dei.iii.irk  to  this  time, 

wrilin.;  tlie  liill>ry  i! 
eoi!;:'.:  y,   and  aiut  .. 
11)  rri  Mied  at  the  lai'ic 

to  ii.s   crown  al!  1 1 ; 

li  his  luieeti.^rs  l.,u', 
ml  li\  the  eirj  ii.'t  ;  i 
:o  his  ihitis,  )^u\e  t;.;; 
id  ironi  hiiiee  we  iii::y 
iiueiil  v.liieii  e.'.ui-d  iii 
ds. 

at  there  wai  a  ■  '.riev,;' 
liii;.;land,  uliiv;li  is  It.il 

l.tide.     Soiiie  ai e  a;t. 

but  however  tl.;it  he, 

Ml,  Canute,  er  K'.ut  , 
in;;du;ii  aluiiit  tl..:  w  .v 
vere   hiirdit    willi    : 

;i,    l-'.diiuilid    hi'il'iie, 

hemlelvth  here,    l';"  i. 

anno    1  . 1  -,   ai!   li.. 

e  their  kini,,  laoie  i '  • 

the  two  Ions  (d  Id- 
il.o  were  hanilhid   n, 

went    into    llui.   .ir^  , 
Kill"'  (  aiuiie,  in  ill.. 

If)  r  iile  him   i    ,;;■'  H. 

his  loree^,  and  in.nu- 
ir  1  iv  lie  eominerevi 
i!,e    1  ti!i   m  ir   ol  hi. 

ioiiie,    when   lie   ;_,.i\i 

.uiiitii.  i  he  had  eoii- 
1  ;  to  l.ll'.d.ind,  dieil  .iC 

iiibrr,    Ii-'l'i,    h.iMi;', 

his   three   U>iis.      do 

.'.Weill    Noiu..y,     a::.' 

d  anno  104'  ,  leaviii); 
eeeeded  by  hi;,  brother 

(  .unite,  who  dii'd  in 
•lil   kin.n  ol  the  Daiiilli 

I  did  here  by  Edward, 

LtheheJ. 

Canute 


r.ruorr.]  d    f,    x    m    a    r    k.  ^^^ 

C.innteX'I    (id'ditrd  V.'iid.dia,   filie  pri  li-nt    I'o  n  •-    .  in  or  Ir  10  eo:ti;'.  1  iho  iippfi-hdnC"  to  ronenr   'iii.is 


ran  la  an.  I  \b  ekienbai;;!),)   .md  look  iij,,i;i  l.i.n  lli,'  llile      r'  I  dii:")li  ol  i.^e  i 


Oillll  Ml-,    1 


ol  km  •  o 


'  the  \',iM(lal.s,   wh.i  h  eonn'u  i()ii,iiiii''d  I'd)    ■   I.  in      I' 


Il  eoii- 


oi.ls  I)  iliLi.ieil'.l  ii'Hi  11  Willi  II-     i,i    j;    iic,-,,f' 


j,  (t  lo  li.e  Djiies  27  years.      1  le  made  a  eoiu|iiell  .iho  '.    111  ■  ...i  lu  is  tlii  eoni..  oiiv  h.nl  ui.iil    1  1  1  ,e  ilir. m   ,  ,,ii,l 


,1    l,IV)|.',l. 


II. 


;'\teiirn 


d  hi-.  d.>iiiiiiioiis  in  (> 


l(  iilihle  ll;.ii  tlie\  ueie  ill  imi  >  .Mid.lt  hi  io  ,Ii1;  u 


11: 


i\  i  d  III  511:11  repiit.ition  j 


11    I 


he  I 


)eeiiiniii''  ol  Ills 


I-  eoiiii    .iiMi    I 
illeiid  10   1) 


I'lniMiited    li\     III-    ,11 


ihi-  1 1  o.i  II  !i'-v-  ill,  ir , .  a: 


.h.y 

id  ,-liMi    -u  (1 


lint  e.-unl    .Suein  coni'iiillin''   the   t.ire  of  his     ili.it  llie  eoidliiuuon,   in  other   rel;..tt.,   hi'mIh  i,,,!   !„ 


i\'i:;n  : 

tMi  lion.'-,   a;   \kell  as  Ins  uife,   during  his  .ihrenre  in      :d:.  red  :    but  llii  \    ner-  '.;i\-ii  lo  iiiiMeitl.iii.l,   mu   ij-.e 

ill'-'    l!o'\    I,M;d,  to   his   ni.ii.  ily's  protetlioii,    he  ih'-     hii;^;  uould    h.-   l.iii.-iied  uiih   iiodiiii,;   It-Is  tli.iii   dinr 


b 


eoinil'.s    '.vile    III    his   ,ibli-iue,  ol    uhiili      iiii.iiiiinotis  eoneiii  leiiee  Willi  the   rele!  itioil  t.ik'  11    b 


I'l  r  I'liiii'.nid   belli;   iiiloiieed   at   his   retiiin,  look   the     ilie  i  h  r-.-v  and  eoinmoiis,  v.liieh  thev  (oniiil  tlii";ileb  1 


kii'.',  priloi 

llir.-e  years,  in.ide  linn  jMy  .jj 


d  I 


i\    I  ilrai.i  'I'lii,  .111(1  liavini;  eoiilined  linn     ohli-'et 


Ih 


(I  to  rulnnit  to,  and  took  ill '  oaths  10  his  in.i|  Ih', 

oiile  l.-i^dhit'ir. 


000  marks  to  ol)!, dn  his     .lekiiouled;;!!!''   him   t!ie   liiiireine  and 


I'lertv. 


1  iins   was   the  conlHtnlion   ehanji'd   Iroin  ,1  1, 


I'lihlie, 


While  the    kin-;  vas   iiriloner.    I'oiiier.inia,   .M.  ek-     v.  idi  a  noniin.d  kin>;  at  the  he.id  of  it,  iilio  :in  .ilil'oiiito 


leiibnri;, 


I. 


.I:'.l  1.,    .111(1 


lonii  I 


Nll"'lils     lool 


Li 


D.iiii.'iek,   ii-\()lted  ;   if,. 
d  A. 


en       h.eii-ditary  inoiiaveliy  ;   not  one  ol  die  iiobiliu  dnir.nuj 

.Iph,     o|:poli-it;  only  (U-rdorf,  a  popnhir  ineinb.  r,  liid,  he 

Hint  S(  li.iwenhui'.i,,  fn'Hliied  ilolllriii  ,iiid  Stoin.irM.       v..\,  eoiilideiit  his  ni.ijefly  deli'^ned  the  liapidnefs  ol'his 


Miiiia  Ironi   linn  :  an 


Oil   the  (lealli  of  Ol.iii-. 


Willi    nil     illlU-,     .111 


no  1  :!■'.• 


de,  and  "ot  to   'o\ern  them  aecordiiij;  to  Tni  kill 


q'l'.'eii    M.ir^iirel,  Ins    inoihei,    \..is   i  li  cli'd  (in-'eii   t>\     iioiitK's-,  w  illied  I'is  liieci  Ifors  i\ii£;lu  f  How  his  e\,i  ii|  !i 


Uennia 


lu-i 


I 


Mid    .Vorwav,  wiio,    li.i 
ill 


\  ir;;  .illoei,:!-  'I   h 
Willi  hir  in  Ilie  irov  ei  iiiiu  nt,   hibib 


,1  iii.d; 


e  iile  ol   HIS  iiiniini 


ted 


ll'(-    Mi:  •   Ol     ^\^ec;(■|l  ; 


ll.'d 


li. 


d     HI,. 1,1  of  til'  ir  liihjett 


po\>er  only   fir  mo 


Chilli'. Ill   \'.   iiiceei-'led   his   f.iiiu-r   F 


III. 


tb,  .1    li".le   liiree   kiii'jdoni.   ihonid   he   unii^d   I  'r  die     ,111110  i(, 70,  iiiui  heiiisi  joint  lov;-:e-.',ii  :)l    ibilllein     id 
('iiiii,'  iini'eiiii'"  |'nii(  e  ;   and,  upon  tlie  de.i'l:  ..I  (|i;'  i  n      Slel.Mi,  w  lilith.-  linke  of  1 1  oil], in,  111  < 


^r  10  i-.^eiu;  J 


but  1 


.-I,    l-.l  !■  is   hi 
.lid, 


lov'i  I  ei'.Mi    ol   Ihe  ^^  ,lol 


111:.  (II 


III  thole  riii\  iiK 


il  ni.il-.ulnniiidrHlio'i,     i<)  h'iIi-.h-  iiie  ihike  to  ,11  Lno  .Ud, 


and  Kill  .  '4  I. .to  reiiier.-.ir, 


till  le  di  ■,!. 


I  |iri\  ,ile  Iile  ll 


ill  eio'.,  11 


.nil!, it';,  tre.u  11. ro- 


It 


ilepi  ii.l.  nci-  on 
iiivi.'.d  hi  n   10 


Chi 


di.i 


if  Oil, 


.111   eiiii  11  iiinin'iil,    iiiil  tlieii    111. idi'  linn    prifoiier,  aivl 


■a.   (le(d-.-d   iinno     lenl  d.  Mii.ineiiis  of  lu.s  .niiiv  to  1  ,ke  ixdlelliin  of  (ii 


l.j'i),  .111(1  lioin  hint  tb.e  pr.l'eii 


t  ro\  ,il  ia'iiiK'  ol    111  11-     l..^Mls 


ei» 
lieli/n"i(l  to   liiin  ;   uii!i  w'.iuli  ihe   duke  rc- 


niJi  k  \<  ll;  iecndei 


1.     I  le  III 


d  the  kiii'idi 


111  ol  .Sui 


10  '.eliiii'-  1.11 


n,  the   k'lii;   .iid\>  eieil,   1  e  a-i 


s   nlw.ivs  111 


dill,   wl.ieli  h.id  tevolti-d;  .iiid  the  enineror  Fiedenek     itie  inirill  ol  .Sweden,  aii'l   nee.  r  :o  be  tniMi 


I  liie  eoniii 


r\  ol    lioillein.     This  pr 


(1 


iiiee  in.ir-     111 


.Is  il-.'  would  K  nouiiee  his  r'j,it  to  eenaiii   pi  ici 


ried  his  d.iii",!  ler  Mirniiret  10  ).i'nes  III.  kiiin  ul  b-,  would  1. ike  polfllion  of  ib.e  wiiide  coniilr',- ;  and 
Send. Hid.  .ii:d  h:i\  t- him  Willi  her  li.e  ill. iiid.s  of  OrLne\  p  n  iieii'.irU  (leii.iiidid  of  liim  ,mi  ordi  r  to  die  eiim- 
iiii.i  .""hi  ti.ind,  lie   I, ill    In-iiiH    a   \i-r\    vahi.ible  aeipii-     iii.nnler  of  ToiiiiiiiHen,  the   llron'.;ll   forirefs  b.-lon:^- 


fiii 


db'tdstl 


tin     I  lull  b   1;.   'li,  th.l!  Iii'i,r\- 


u-  hi  ll  Ih  rnni's  in  in. 


e->  ei'.  \  en  .i 


fefeas.    II 
t  MidlinniiKr, 


o  ihe  diiki-,  to  l.irreiider  it  to  his  m.iielU 


wiiieli    tlie     duke    lonl.-i 


ted 


s  trooi 


lo,     a|)pri  lii-ndiiii;    ihe 


1,!  .ili.iii.;  !-.  .i\  I- oi  ibv-  I'lililii  loiiil;   llioiiHli  tl;e\      kiitH  would  h   ve  t.ikeii  his  life  if  lie   li;id  reiuled,  and 


1.111';  (  I.. 


.iiniii.ilK  I  'I  t!  i- 1)1 1\  ik-HC  ill  the  leinii  i.l      i'onr.:ii';eii  w.is  t' ereii[)on  (kliveriil  up  to  the  I),u: 


I.     ( 


n   \'. ,1s  liieiee 


deil 


Ml        S 


\ei,d  oilier  .11  lii ; 


)bli 


.11  lo  1ih;i   iliat  were 


,11,    who   divided   the  lii.eby    ot    lioillein  with  his     \eiy    pujudiei.d   to    liie.i ;   hut    tlio  duke    m.ikiivi   lii.-j 

ele.ine  to  il.iiiiliur'^  proklhd  a''ainll   the  vali(lit\-  of 


bi.illu  r  I-  ledeiiek 


In  il:e  i-.H  Ml  "i'(  hiiri.in  III.  the  Lutheran  reb 'ion     ,i!l  the  aels    he    had   be -ii   ohlined  to  (i 


The  k 


,  ll,i!ili(htd  in  I  )i  iHii.ii '..      lie  was  lueeeeded  b','     iliereiiii. mi  hi\  e  orders  for  the  deniolillliii;' TomiiiiHi  i 


lis  lo:i    1  11. .el  11 1 


i.-,)8.     Ciiiilii.iii  I\'.  Ills     ,iiid  leipieliiied   the   ihieliy   of  .^-^ieb.  ie,  eaidiiiH  both 


eiiH  i.;id  111  .1  \    il  wiiii  ^viedeii,   in  on.er  lo     ni.i'^iilr.ites  and  pco] 


1  people  10  Iv 


Miiec  tl  hnu.   de- 


>iil,i;n  li.H  e,   v  .is  e'i:..ps  d.'d  to  ',  le.d  up  liie  p;()\!iiie  e!   1  iiv.;  llieni  aldol',  ed  l'io;u  I  heir  .ill.  ;:.i.  ee  to  the  duke. 

jl  Ib.liiiiu;  10  i!-.e  .'•wi-.L-s.  he  .ill)  c.uifed  .ill  the  duke's  rivei.u.-.  to   he  l)roU'.^ht 

il.   Ills   bill,  w.is  1)1  (1  -41  d   ill  Ids  rapilid  mio  bis  own  ireafiiii,  continued  H.-.n-o^ii;,  in  l-.i,,  ii)\.  ns, 

(■iules    Cult.iMls,    kbu;    of  .iiul  i  veil  in  li:s  p.,l.n.e  oi  Cottorp.      l!ul  not  klioi  llll^■ 


^  : ;  de 


tilv    1 


'f  C 


:i  nll.l  '■•.  II     I 


.Swi.bn,   V 


(low   Iti.yiiiil   IV   over  ibe  iee  iiiio  tb.-     how  f  ion   he   iii:h|u   be  obliH.,"!,   In'  lie  duk 


e  s    ,1'iles 


/.i 


ll  tb.-  Diiteli  li.id  not  eoaii 


I  (ll  li\  er  in-  \'  il  ll  lie  li.id  lo  iii'j  illi\   1.  i.'i  a,   he  e-.,  el 


to 


.11 


ilii'.inee,   woidl    pii'b,d)l\    h.i\e   iiiiule    ,1   eoii-      ed  eoMliimti  oiis  li- hii  the  j.o.ii- fuh|   1 1-^,  t.)  Ilie  \ . 


if 


I.  .1!   ill. II 


iUI     111   '11 


this  ]i|  line  w.is  nil-     iii.iin   ii-il lions,  10  l.;e  riiiii  ol  .is  lU  in  ii!ii':.',  a  pro\  iikc 


MMlli.il"    in   1.1.    w.ii's    Willi    l<iie  ■.;ile;  s,     he    r.ni,  0   hi- 


ill  (; 


I  le  iii\ ,  w 


b.-rJr,   I.-  I.  ib.i   hi. 


].u  ill.;  i!!\e  ti>  lli.il  hei.-hl,  ih.il  he  p.ileillx  hdi.lii.d  liii\,  .,nd  liil.ililed  the  li  i!s  s  In'  )  ;  1  .  ii.  >  n  iju  111  ;  liiir 
l-is  |iibp-(is,  .11(1,  lioni  11  Ini'iled  ik.iiie  inoii  .r,l  ,  ,  ,  ii\  .illill.iiiee.  The  luis  ■  lei.  ..i.ied  Ihll  at  (lanihilr';, 
in.td.i-  hiiiil. ':    m  .ibi"'  III-   pinne,  and  1  ll.ibhlli,  ,1   liie      In  .111  w  I  eiiee  he  K  lit  .ii  s  Imi  lo  1  le  !...  1  mill  |)rinc(-s  ii 


n  ot  ine  I  ii.u  n  lil  Ins  I  iiiiiU   in  ill,'  \  e.ii  lO   o,      iinrl'ire   their 


dli 


irt  of 


villi  I  lis  I  le.i  1,11)1-1 ,11.(1  low  ei  1 1,1  Is  01  pel  pie  101  n  plain  I'd 


l'.ii'''.i  hI,    wbii  il    w.i.s 


I.:,  \ 

h.id 


viie   nm   .d  1,'  to  (lileli,iri;e  the  deht:,  the  |inl)lie     ninth,   but  lo  \ei\   litile  ]'in 


tdl  li 


p.  lee  ol   tl 
kin-j  of  .Swi 


.!<  ll  d  (.lii  iiiH  ihe  wai ,  .nid  11  hi.  ime  enii  i  .iled  !    den,  {  I1..1  Ks  .\  I.  nn.lei  lo.  ik  his  i  .mle  1,1  t!ie  \  ear  i(iHi 


i;..:  l.oliiii\   .iiid  -.^eilii'. ,  tb.il,  .Is  liie  pi  I. Ill  .  c. I  1 1'.    1  mil 


.1-,  ■ihoiii  I)   h.ue  ir.iiil|.- 


.Hill .    ililo  (il  I'- 


.le   ll'(  irs,   ihe\    would   ei.iiib  b  en.i   lo    be.ir  p. ill    ol  .    iii.nn    lor  Ins  lellor.iiMn.       I  ii,'  del  111. in    piinees,   ,nid 
tb     1  inllieii  J    ihe  iiobdiu   ,nid -.;-- iitM  ,  lieiuie  ibis  lime,      ilc  I  ii''l;lli  and  Diini^   whoweie   now  iiili'rednito   ,1 


I  .; .  11':',  110  l,i.\'  s  Ii,i   ; 
ll.i    i  o::i':o!is  w  ll;     -i. 


lolb.sil 


ie\"  ,i!r.  ■-.  ei" 


did  I  ie\ 


.1 '.III 


II 


nee,   t(d>l  ibcm  lii.ii  ihe\      .his  ini 'hi  (iilliii  b  Hi 


ein  ;   .ir.pi  elieiili  v  e  111  n 
liie  eiiipoe,  and  idvei  t 


hi  111  III  .1  Ib.u   o(  ier\riii.e    ibi  ir  II  ives  .e.il  \  .li       die    tuniiis    Ir.nn    in.'    Iiemh    w.n,  h.  Id  levi'i.il  eon- 


.il;:l  (.Id  not  nil..;  I  !i  nid  Iheil  1 


bin.     Tl 


le  eo,.iiiioiis      leieiK  es    on    tl 


liihi-.l    .It    .Mif'ii 


Jl 11  '  li  pl\',   biii 


.10111  llie  ,illem!!l\  \.  iili  t 
1 


d  till'  kiri^  ( 


f  1. 


nil,  at   leiiHih, 


enin.iik  lo 


relloie  the  diike  of 


(i   i"\.   who  ,i.:i".  lul  10  I    .'Ml,  and  i;oin';  iin.ik  lii.i  ele      '  lollleiii 


hi-. 


i,id  he. '11    111   po 


llef- 


to  i   m  1,  a,  on  iiineil  ins  Mi.n.lU    that  tin  \  Ws  re  eoiiie    1  (ion  ol  tl'.iii  i^M.irs;   but  took  no  cue  that  the  O.i 


to  ,1  r 


i' 'luiioii  lo  md.e  111  11  Hii  al)l,)liiu'  iiMiiai  1  b,  and    ,  llioiild  iii.ik.:   hiin    ,in\'  f.ili.laeti.in  ior  tlie  de\  .lilio  111 


isiinoi.e   h,  r.  iiii.iiy.      Iii.   ni.ipll\,   h'l;..;   ai^pii/.d 


ol  Ills  tei  riloi  le.- 


1 


loin  Hie  eor.il'duei  ol  tr.e  i 


bilir- 


i)l  Ihe  (le(ii;i),   ii.ij  iiitiodilud  all  ami)  inio  the  to'.vn,    '.  eiiess  betweiii   die  kii;^  of  Denin.iik  and  the  diike  ot 


yj- 


UolUciii 


'h 


^i.m 


> 


A  M'.W,  ROYAL  and  Ai:  rilKX  I'lC  .SVSrr.M  OK  rXIVF.RS AI,  C.KOGRAl'liy. 


H 
focU 


ollli-m    a 


I    \1 


1. 


iiu'  iiicili.iiioii   (i|   ihi-   con- 


ns trciiv, 


l6^i9,  to  ilu    Mir  I'iyO,  il 


mi's  ninaiiui 


liy   tl 
);uU  1700,  il  \v,is 


was   concluded   ih. 


81I1  of 


tolii.il'K  (iiiul  :    1)111  iIh- l.iu- (liiki.- of  llollltin,  (hid-     (U'in  (lioiild 


lian  Ail),  11,  (l\  Mill  alioiu  iliat  iniu-   and  llic  ki 


■HI  a  ili'piii.iiioii  10  lus  loM  a'Ki  lutiflloi 


llijo 
111 


.•II. 


diik--  I- 


KIN    Ilu-   (, 


Sl- 
hdv 


id,  thai   ihc  hoiilc  of  ||,,|, 
iiHitiinif  uidi'pL'iidfMt  lovcrcinns  in   |||,|. 


tlojll 


10   ifiKw  ilu'   union   liiiwccn    tliiin,     niam's  llii)   hati  doiu'  Inin 


tin.'  crown  of  l)i 

I  in  iOo.ooo  cro 


iiiiiark  lli,,ii|,l 
Is  lor  till-  (la. 


and   10   1.1    Inin  liavi-  a    lii;lil   of  tin-  l.ili:  duke' 
lliat  Ik- 


nuliiiKlirltaiidiii^,  li,,w- 


Avir,  lia|)|iiiK'd   hilwiin  liic  Iwo  courts  the  ye 
lownr^  ;  one  part  of  ilie  cliaptrr  of  l.ulicck  cluil 
of  li-e  I  Ml  It  ininci-,  in  iclalionio  ilu'  (Uic. d  pan  ol' die     Itrodu  r  of  llic  duke  ol  llolllein  cnadjuloi,  and  I 


u  lee  if  there  w.is  an\  liiniL;  in  it  in  favour 


dill  In  ol    SI.  luie,  tiie  duke  rrlul'-d  I'odi  li'.e  one  and  1' to  liuir  hilhop,  ,iiid  ilie  mlur 


mmiic 
uculkir 


alleil;;iii'.;,  tii.il  llie  lu  al\  o 


I  Alun 


in  i()r>i 


liad  not   heeii  obh  1  vi 


rk's  Ic 


The  billion  (K  III 


It;  ilie  king  1 


Ir 


louie,  p  irtlculaiK  m  r 


■lb 


or    |ullue  done  to   ihc   <liu.il  •■■  i 


)f  1) 


eniiiaik  (k  termini  1 


make 


,  the  leisiiiiuis  of  (Joiu 


lion  to  tiiat  bilii 


.IIIIH)    I  JO- 

id  \\\s 


III' 


1; 


Ihr    k 


on  s  elii. 


G.dne,  in  the  ilLiinl  of  Ai 


1    be 


iniiii''  to  I.ubei  k  ;   but  I 


ree,  and  took  ieveral  p 


T 


fid 

in 


lie  miaranlees  ot  ihe  tie,il\  i 


es  iiKlineil  to  ,i  rupim  > 


A  Aliena,  feeipi;  boi' 
iiiicipoled  their  j;ood  ol  - 


court  ol  (.reat  It 


1     iniei|)oliiij^,  tlie  duke  of  llolltein'.s  broib 


iii.ilM 


w.inis  conliriiKd  in  ilie  no 


IK  Hi. 


er  was  alur- 


eii'^.iijed  them  to  b  tile  conlere.iues  loi  com-  i   I, 
did 


•k. 


Ill    coiilider.uion   o 


1011   ol   the  bdbupiii    nf 
a    lublnU     .;raiiiid   by 


poiintJ   iheir  didereiues,   wbieh   were   luld   at    I'eiien- I,  Creat  Hrilain  to  Denmai  k,  lor  a  bodv  ol  i)aiiilli 


(I'Mi 


duk 


e  conlinu:!;  '  to  iniroduc 


Su-  d  111 


01 1  es  IIKO 


Ho'iliein,  and  build  .u\d  enlj 


J" 


the 


Ilk 


a^amll    V 


Junni» 


tb. 


Denmatk  marched  an 


line  ot    li'.e   treai\-,   Ihe 
anii\  111:0  ilie  ciiunirs ,  .iik 


not  have  had 
111  the  north  1 


'bich    tin    ccukl 


1  e.iiil- 


II  Ihe  uar  Ii.kI  hi  en  rev  ived  al  ih.ai  iimc 
one  arlule  in  ibis  (real\'  bein-;,  lb  11  ilu- 


.1  the 
lDy7, 


fortil 


uaiioiiv  111 


illied 


ike   of  ilolllcin   Iboiild   pi  riiiit   ibai    bnd\   ,,[  M,, 


m   the  \  eai      10  pals  ihroii;; 


■h   I 


Us  lerriiorus, 


L'h  tlie  duke,   at  iii.,i  nine,   not  lindiii''  luin-  '    r.ites.     The 


join   the  coi 


lule- 


lell 


111  a  eoiuluion  to  ojipo 

th: 


Ui;hi  bi  to  actpiielec     the  battle   of   I, ill, 111    in  I'oland,  a 


oi    liollbin   baviii^i    been   klinl 


in,   till  the  death  ol    he  tlieii  ki 


wh 


U'h  hanneiKi 


Ion, 


.f  s,. 
1-ie 


the      ceeded  h\  bis  Ion  Cb.irles  1" 


niio  1  -joi     ,iinl 


an 


nil 


ler,  i6i;'),   v»hen  be  was  fuceeeded  1)\  b;^     years  old,   the  duke  of  llolllem  Kuini,   bn 


lilt  ut  Uu) 


IV, 


)!ber  M  die 


favourable   onporiuniiv    to  iJnii 


Ti'.is  the  duke  looked  upon  as  ,1      l.iii-  duke  of  iloldeui  C.o-loip,  and  alierw.uiL   bdli 


w  hieii 


I) 


the    lorllhcalMi 


,i>  haviii 


i\  l.ubeck 


uilliliiled 


u  -leiil  ol 


loniein  duiiii' 


km 


d  .S', 


lilli 


lis  nepr.ew  s  leiiiuniv . 


,illure<l  ol 


(h,i 


.Ml.  of  Sweden,  ii 


dcf.aiedl 


)i   Ihe  Ru 


lur.p.iit    lioin    lb, it   eio'.ili.      lie    I-cl;  m,   tbereloii',   to      liaiis  ,it  I'ullowa,  anno  1  700,  fiederiek,   kilii'.'l  I 


)air  ibe  loriib.calions  id   his  deinoldiuil  forts,  a^  he 


rei 

inhlled   he   had  a  riiibl  to  do   bv  tlie  trealv  o 


llalel 


f  ,Mu 


7oy. 

y  joiiud  Ills  lor 


nil  r  .ilhes, 


lb.   ( 


iiul  .\ui;ullus,  kiiiu  of  I'oland,  ,ind  recalled  ilu   Dimlli 


and  iniroiiiKeil  into  the  couiiii\   ,\  ciini;deral)le  num-     troops  which  weie   in  the  ciiipi  r 
berof  SwediOilroop.,  topreviiiiiheu  beiiindeuiolill 


or  s   11  rvice    III 


I'ltV, 


1 


u  mci.i.itor.s  and  .'ii.irantei  n  ol  ihetie.ilv      noiui 


jf  A 


111  11,1  iinplo\  I  d    their   {^uo 


.1  oH 


iind 
d  10, 


<p,iartered    them    in    II 
O'JO  men  from  \oi 


III-. 
10  I  1 


e^   lo    pievuit   a    ,  new  troops  „i   1  lainliiii ..;,   .iiid  bued  .ml  a  Ihoni;  l.i 


rupture,   and  pro]Miled   that   bodi    t!ie  Swedes  ,iiiil  the     dioiiol  meiiol  \\,ii.     1  laving  .diembl.  d 


Da 


llr 


il  will 


idr.iw  tlKir  lloop^  0111   o 


111 


III  <iiiii\  I 


(1  tbi.it  l!ic  forliiicui.ms 


Ih 


d 


il  .>^ 
•in,   ;  or  ^o,.:.oo  UK.  II,  ihe  king  ol  Demn.iik,  on  ihe  ..dMd;  ,.f 


nut  he  i)roei.cui,c 


ill  tb.e  m.'.iier  wa  .  I   nkd  b\   .1  iiim;\  , 


Xoveinlier,  171^1),   pubhlhed  .1  nianiblbi  ti 


'Ids 


' !  intended  eiuernri/e. 


But  the  Dane  hem.' dttcnmned  on  a  war,  boih  with 


del 


'lis 


of  the  kini; 


Sweden  am 


III. 


in,  and  iLiving  entered  into  a  con-     lion  ol  years,  c\  incedibe  m 


,f  S 
di 


g  toiili,   that   die  ainhitini: 


uedeii,    who  had 


lor  .1  liii\-'.  f- 


loUile  iii:eiiii.)iis  a_ 


fe 


both   w.ih  Riitli.i   and    I' 


Ol.lll. 


I  for  that   end,     him   and    lis   liibiects,   a 


would  not  he.ilkiii  to  anv  pacibc    me.dures. 


On  the   :  li.lt   lilies   dero.i.iiur 


\'  to  the  1.  ro'vn  o 


contran  ■ 


'.e  otei.  red  hi 


al,  the  duke  of  W'lit 


il'.;,lti'd    Id    1,1  ;;- 
l)eiini,irk,  l.,id 


em-   '  conuielled  linii  to  i 


d.cl,, 


;.iinll  .ill  die  len:i.iri 


bi 


'«. 


tl  ilenioill 


llufuni,   I'teileiii  kit.idt,  ancl  other   ,  of  Sweilen,  except  ili 


places  helonging 


to  tb 


ike 


llolll 


em. 


ich 


he     60CO  horic  and  ilr 


ill  Cvn 

IS,  and 


ii,iM\  ;   ami  I 

i.OjO    loot. 


,1), 


o'ln 


afier  etUcted.      Not 


ew  tortil'.calioiis  as  iiad  bernerecud,  he  inve 


contenled  with  ra/.nig  liuh     a  delcent  upon  Schoiien,  landing  at    Ilclliubiiii 


tied  f 


on 


liingeii,   in  which  (.em  r 
:co  nicn. 


d  B,i 


1  21I1  ot    Novemher,    1  7J9  :   hut   11  lieing   winter  tin 


niiier  romnuinded  with  a     lie  onlv  look  u])  his  (pioteis   in  tin   coiinlrv  to.vii-  .it 


j;. union  o 
raniee.s  g,i\  e 


tlie  ki 


Di 


(in  this   the   piinces   gua- 


hrlt. 


iiiil    inviled  Ihe 


L 


rk  tl 


I)  underll.ind,   II, .it 


ol   Swei.eii  to   pmi  1  !  1 


.111 1 11  g  lor  A  prop.'r  b  .don  to  enter  upon  acili  'ii,  \m,ii  ii 


bill  e  be  b.id  rep  tU  d  ,ill  friendly  propulaK,  llu'\  lb' mid     i;ave  the  Swed.  s  time  10  put  tb,.  inlclves  in  a  [lollure  ti 
no   loii'j,erue   lb,eni,il\    id    .\hena   bick'H,  (M"   luller     d.friid  their  coiiiury. 
the  dukt'  u\    llollUill  lo  lie  ddpollelled  <d   Ills  couiilr\     |        .\bout  the  uu. 


.inuai\ ,   lliroiii'h  l.ivonr  n 


lori- 


iin,   nml'.  r  the  pieur.i  e  ol  op; 
wb.ii  b   were  .dieadv   deir.ob 


loling  ibe  building  of     h.ird  Ir.  >lt,   tie  I  hi  lies  aiU  am  ed  ;ou  ai.b  (  lirilli  mil  i.li. 


Ihed.     The  duk 


will  I  e  a  hatl.ilion  o 


I    Sa 


which  Were  ii 


llolllein  alto  publilhed  .1  m.mdello,   Ihewiiig  the  lii: 
I'.c  bad,  bv  ibein.iu  ol  .\li.na,  to  build  lortibcatiu 


gar 


laid  down  then  arms     and  went  over  to  the  D.m,  \  Id 


mat  the  town 


iiiio  their 


ds 


■he\   al'ter\v,iiiii 


in  his  dominion-,   ami  the  injullice   of  the  Daiiilh   in-      m.ide  tliemfelves   mailers  of  (  arellli.i\  en,   in   the  pio- 


Not  oiiU   the  ('.irinaii  princes,  but  the  Duuli     \iiue  ol  HlekiiiL",  .md  thre.ilened  (arellcr 


\  ali. 

tiow  pniied  their   Iiuk'n  with  the  Swedes,   in  ordi  r  to     ihe   Swedilh   Ibil    .ind  maga/ines  were   laid   n 


oon,  wh.  re 


,1 

irin..;  the 


I) 


ine  10  rial. Ill;   .iiid    a>  lhe\  were  111.11 1  hing     ilu  kmie  time  a  III  ong  ditaclmunt  e\l 


towards  Ionnin"en, 


Danill 


1    '''.lu  i.il  iboii'ihi  hi  lo     n.w.iid,  Ilolbui.l  on  ihe 


wi  llein  In 


le  of  Si 


li 


'ai|;  Ihe  III  !;e,  wilboui  coming  lo.i  b.i.ile.      The  l.ng-      llieii  lines  ifcei\  hil;  li.ipuiil  luppbes,  iheir  ar'm 


d  Dill 


cli  alio  lent  each  ol  them  a  luuaiiion  iiiu 


coiilider.ibiv  niLrealed 


III  I  , line   \  erv    toi  iiiid  ,!il(', 


the  Hcilli 


id,  Joining  tlie  Swedilli   l|..et,   comprli'd     Hul  the  Swedilh  general,  coinii  .Sii.inbocb,   h,i\!ii',  ,11. 
the  D.iiu  s  In  ri.  me  into  the  harbour  ol  (  opcidi.i';iii.  •   lembled  1  8,cco  or  20,000  men,  and  miiebiiig  i.iv  nd.? 


In  t! 
\v  i  1  b 


le  nieaii  time  the   \oung 


Sweden  landed      1  h  lliiibiu g,  as  il  he  iiilended  to  cut  oil  the  ct 


"■  -  h, 


orle  and  foil  upon  the  llhiiid  ol  /.e.d.ind,     i.,ilion  of  the 


1) 


anes  wiili 


ituit 


about  tliiee  miles  to  ihe  louthw.ird  of  Kllineur,  at 
prepaiiie'to  nuill  (  opi  iiImiiih,  wlun  ibeD.i 


they  iniine.'baie 


h.uidoneil   all   th.  11    coupiells,    (pulling 


ing  himlell 
tl 


0\  I   I  IIOUl 


i>d. 


bud-  .   and  (diidliai 
pi    ol    liu  II    '  wlin  b  ])lai.'-  ihe  al  m 

D.iii 


(1   1:  ire.ited  to  lb  lb 
i  aine  to  an  engagei 


terms  a--  the  pi  iiices  giiar.inlees,    w  ho  a  I   llll^  lime  held      ihe  l),uii  s  w.ie  em  mlv  (b  b  i.i.  d.      A  day  or  two  aber 
their  I  onleienti.s  al    lravend.de,   were  pleafed  to  pre-     tlie\'    (jiiilled    llellinbuig,   n,Hd]uiriing   die   reniiln,!iT 


A  the 


eir   tioojis  lo  Deiiiii 


111  die  iiiubt,  wind: 


their 


•^ 


EOGRAPHY. 

concliulrd  ilic  181I1  (,f 
ihal  (lie  luMik-  o\  1 1., I. 
;k'iu  rovcrciniis  in  |  |o|. 
)wii  of  l)iiiiii,irl>  Ihiiiild 
,000  crowns  lor  ilu-  da. 

llnlllll(llrll.lhdlll^,  li(,w_ 
two  loiiris  till-  )c.ii  |i,|. 
1  r  ol  I  uliciU  chiilui'^  ilm 
1  iiiad]iiliiT,.iiid  III!  n  ||(,r 
.iuilliit;llic  kln^  ul  |),iu 
11;;  aniHi  170-,,  till'  kiiii; 
lake  miod  lll^  Ion's  tin. 
f,  and  loiik  K  viral  [vlan's 
n'  court  ol  (  .iiMt   Hiii.iiii 
llcin's  hrollui   w.i.s  aliir- 
Ifiiiii  of  llic  lidliopiH   ol' 
I    .1    rill)lid\    i;iaMiid   l)v 
r  a  hodv  •){  Daiiilli  triinp< 
anic,    wliiili   tin  \    ((jii!.! 
hi  I'll  rr\  ivi'd  at  iImi  imio 
Ills  treaty  liiiiii;,  thu  the 
riiut   ilial   l)i)(l\  id   ! V,.  .  s 
s,   and  join   thf  khI.  Ir, 
HI   liaviim    hi'iii   k  Ii'  i\  at 
lui,   ,iniui  I  J^i,   .nid  Im  - 
cilv.'iii.  k,  an  inlaiit  id  i\ui 
fin  Ktiim,  hrotlu'r  !•>  ilic 
ip,  and  alii'i w.ird-.  li!(liii|) 
rc^int  ol  lloldcin  diiiai^ 

uiii;;  di  katcd  Ih  tlu-  R'li- 
,  I'  I'.'di-rK  k,  kiiiL^  id  I  u  Il- 
ls l.iniHi  allii  s,  ill'  (  .  ,11, 
d,  iiid  ricdii  d  tl;.  Dinilli 
iij-i  ror's  |i  r\  icr  m  i  ';;i:i- 
I11  lli.m-.iii.  IK-  11  ,  I- 
)rwi',  to  I  'niuiaik,  I  ■  :  I 
d  liUid  lUil  a  lliuni;  lii'i  1- 
^  alKniiil.  il  an  at  iii\   nl  .  S 

I  )i  ninai  k,  on  ilir  .;*^il;  <'f 
.1  iiuiidi  Ho  l!i  jiidifv  ii.;s 

^  liiilli,   ill, It   ill-  amhiiimi; 
I'll,   wild  li.id,   lor  a  lur.   i- 

II  lioHlIc  iiKciilioiis  a;  ii  ,.l 
i  II    as   arioi;att'd  to  l,i  :i- 

i.  low-M  III  l)i.-iiiii.irk,  I  ill 
r  .'^aiiill  all  ilic  li-rraiin.  s 

ri:na!i\  ;   ami  i  lubaiki,  .; 

d  I  2,0  >)  liiiil,  lie  iiij.lc 
liiij;  at   lltlliiiliiii :.,  die 

1:11  it  lu-ini;  u  iiitir  ii-ik-, 
m  tlu  i-iiuiiir\  tii.Mi-  it 
id   S\\i'i.i-ii  111   |oiii  i  ■  i\ 

)  inti-r  upon  atiimi,  win  n 

til  mil  Ivi-s  ill  .1  polliiM-  t'l 

ai\ ,  tliroiioh  lavoiir  ul  .1 
III  lowanU  (  lirilliaii!!  "h, 
,  ubiih  wiri-  in  (lariil.Hi, 
i-iit  o\i-r  to  till-  D.in  s,  111 

li.ihds.  'l'iu-\  al'ti-r-.^aidi 
(  ari-llli.iM-n,  111  llu  pin- 
ii'iird  Can-Ill  toon,  wl-.i  te 
i/ims  wi-ri-  laid  up.  At 
in  III  i-Mrmlid  tlii-uili  Iv,  . 

Ill  liiU-  III  Si  lioiii  I!  ;  aril 
M  |i,|>i  Ill's,  lluir  aniu  m  is 

1. 1  I  anil'   \  ITS    loi  mid  'I'l". 

I!U    SirinlllKll,     I".  I\  111  ',    11- 

nil,  ,iiid  mm  liins^  tov  nis 
d  to  cut  oil  llic  tommmn- 
,ii  plai'-,  tlii'v  iniint-diat'-lv 
:Us,  (pni'iii,;  (ari'llli.iMi" 
I'ati-il  to  11'  lliiihur;;,  m-n 
U'  111  an  ciii;ai;i-UK'nt,  ■iiul 
A'  d.  A  day  or  two  al:i'f 
laidporiiiin  till-  riTii  mi'!'-r 
.  in  ilii:  iiiylit,  wliitl:,  .1'    r 


FrROPF.] 


n     !•:     N     M     A     R     K. 


6l3 


tl  lir  .11  fun  I  fs,  did  not  amnniit  to  aluivc  (O'jo or  7000 


iiH-n 


1 


1.^1. 


itioullv  ilidi--d  I 


llhek 


ii'iol  l)i-iim,irl 


I  diiion  ■ii'.iiii 


,j. 


Dan 


II  S 
1 


iliorii'i 


lis    li.iMiin     l)i-cii     di,  ippoinli  d    III    tliiir 


ciiU'rprr/.f  upon  Sihoncn,   tli 


troop 


>i  ki 


M   \L-.ir  I 


lll!R-d     till 


iim  .\u 'iiltiis  and  tlic  C/.ir, 


,d  lill 


,1  Poniirani.i, 


lavi 


nil  wa 


(II'    tl 


ipi 


ic  wIiuIl'  i-ountrv 


aiid  llie    Swrdilli    loiccs   not  Iniii^   llron>;  I'lmui^li  ti 
ii|  poll'  iIkIi'  iiiiitid  jiowi-rs,  n-iir.  d  mto  Strjlliind,  tlu 


.11(1  iiililk-d,  iluit  the  rcllorina  to  the  kinij  of  Swci 


tfiritoi  ics,  would  I'liihroil  tl 


ilicic  tl 

in  a  war,  and  join 


ic  lumli  o 


-d  in 


iledi 


.f  S'. 


A 


I  y  a 0,1 


r(i 

illllt 


who  h.iil  hLloic  powi-rliil  alliL-s  to  contend 


1  he  kiiiq  of  Pnillia,  on  the  iiSth  of  April,  17115, 
proclaiiiii'd  war  anainll  .Sweden,  dilarined  the  regiment 
of  Holllein,  which  wa.s   in   Stelin,  entering  upon  that 


itv  as  a  coiHiiK 


II   from   .Sweden,  a.id  huldina  it 


no 


if  Kuni-ii,  and  other  pl.ii  es  ul  leruril)-.      '1  he  kin;;  ',  hini;i-r  in  leipiellrat 


The  Danes  and  Pniinaii'i  loon 


D< 


ark,  while  the  Kui; 


up 


Sir.dlui.d,  palhd  the  KI 


I'd   Saxons  hlocked  :|  alter  .illiiiihled  their  forces  to  the  number  of  Cj,ooo 
L-n,  and  aiipeared  hei'orc  Strallund,  iimUrthe  walks  of 


i.i'  lireiiu-n,  where  the  Sweihlli  i;.'n 
liilliiieiit  hod\dl  troops  to  op|;iile  him,   1 


entered  llie  ilucby 
/ral   not   haviii"  a 


:lieD 


ane  tool. 


the  town   ol   Staden,  and  ni.idi 


.-If  nialli-r  of  llie 


coiiniry, 


In  their  return  the  Danes  iiifuhed  thi 


(.,U   of   ll.uiihurn,  ihreateniin;  them  with  a  honiliard- 
imiii  ;   to  avoid  which  the  hur^^hers  were  compelled  10 
I, llie  lluiii  J  j0,030  ri\-doll.irs.     C^oiml  Steiidioch,  the  , 
Sweiiiih  giiieral,   found  means  aliei wards,  on  tlie  ..•.■d 
(if  Dcccinher,  1712,  tocn;;,im'  ilie  Danes  liiij;ly,  when 
ihi-y  were  leparated  from  their, illies  i,i-,ir  \\'i!m,ii  ;  and 
h.iMi';;  v;iven  them  a  total   deb  , it,   piiiliK-d   ll.i-.n   into 
llolllein,   leizid  the  inai^a/ines  the  D.ines  l:,id  laid  u|)  ; 
there,    and    put   the   D,iiii(h    liolllein   iiiidir    mntri- 
huiii'ii.     From  hence  he  inaielKd  lo  I'inenhiii^,  iicii 
llamluirg,  where  he  determined  to  Iiurii  the  Daiiidi  city 
1)1  .VlteiKi;  not  lo  much  hy  way  t'\'  leialiaiion,  or  re-  \ 
veii^e  lor  the  many   Swedllli    cities  dellioved   hv   the  ; 
Daiu-s,  .md  their  allies  the  Rii!ii,::;s  .aid  Sa\oiis,  {a.s  he  i 
ik eland  ill  a  memoii.il  puhlillied  on  this  occalion,)  as 
tiid-.ier  tliein  horn  committing  the  like  baihaiiiies  for. 
tlie  fuiure.  , 

The  Danes,  Saxoii«,  and  Riiflians,  heint^  now  join-' 
eil,  to  the  iiumlier  of  50,00.0  men,  and  iii.iri  liiii'^  lo- 
v.Mids  eount  Steinlioih,  whole  aniiv  did  not  lonlill  ot 
a'u.ve  I  4  or  15,000,  he  lonii.l  liiir.felf  under  a  iiecel- 
liiv  ul  uiiriii^  iiiio  the  diual  liolllem,  whilher  the 
allies  fiillowed,  and  at  their  enleiiii''  he  ihrew  himlell 


whiili  cit 


the  ki 


if  S 


weileii  liiuii 
dilli 


j|f 


obbi^et 


fi 


rlh 


to  letiie,  bis  arinv  not  ciaililtiiig  ol  inoie  than  a  lour 
part  of  ill'.;  enemy's  numher. 

In  the  month  of  July  a  treaty  wa.s  fet  on  foot  hc- 


iif  Di 


■jf  II,! 


mil 


1  ■l'oniiiii;;ton,  and  hy  that  ineaiis  avoiilei 


them  I 


iimark  and  the  court  ol 
by  which  the  kin;;  of  Denm.iik  llipulatcd  to  convey 
and  deliver  up  I'.rcmen  and  Ferden,  which  he  had 
taken  fnnii  the  kin;;  jf  Sweden,  to  ihe  elector  of  I  lano- 
ver,  in  confidrration  of  the  elector's  entering  into  the 
war  n;;.iiidt  .Sweden,  and  advancini;  a  fiim  of  ironey 
!o  his  Danilh  iiiaj,  lly.  The  coiile.ierates  before  '^ir.il- 
limd  heing  joined  hy  -24,000  Kulli  ins,  ;;nd  a  bod)-  of 
Savon.s,  earned  on  the  liege  ol  that  town  with  great  vi- 
gour; but  llnding  the  place  continuallv  received  frefli 
liipplie.s  and  reiiilorcements  from  the  illaiid  of  Jiugen, 
which  lies  over-againll  it,  they  landed  a  great  hodv  of 
troops  on  the  illand  ;  and,  after  a  Ih  irp  difpiui',  in 
which  the  king  of  Sweden  was  in  pieilon,  iii.ide  theiu- 
felves  mailers  ol  it  on  the  17111  of  Xovemher. 

Still  die  king  of  Sv.eden  determined  to  defend  the 
tow  n  till  the  lait  extremity  ;  and  it  wa.s  a  terrible  win- 
ters liege,  the  ceiainels  being  treiiuenily  fnu'en  to 
d-.-'aih  at  their  poll.'!.  'I'he  ait.ieks  were  delperate,  and 
in  one  ol  them  the  confederates  loll  near  lOOO  men: 
I'.owevcr,  they  prevailed  by  their  numbers  at  length; 
and  the  kingof  S'.'. edeii,  linding  die  town  not  tenable, 
retired  in  a  light  frigate,  and  arrived  laleU  in  S-ivedeii, 


or 


tli,it  tinie.       The  Dane  alieruards  nuide  a  pr 


-ivmg 


:  goveriUM'  oiders  to  capiiulate,  which  he 


lid 


f 


the  dul 


if  llolll. 


thai  the  t;overnrr  i 

Ilk 


if  I'l 


ins  ilomiiiion.s,  all(-(l';;iiL' 
1(1 


for     the   latter  end   uf   December,  upon  very   hoiumrable 
terms;   and  both  the  town   and  the   illand   of  Ru'ieii 


onningen  ailtiiitted  general  Sieiii-     were  put  into  the  p 


jlieirii 


'  the  ki 


hneh  into  the  place  h\  ihediiet 


d' 


id 


die  inh  ibitants  of  the  S\ 


of  Denmark  ; 
'omeiaiiia  were 


duki 


of  11. 


( wh 


0  was  111-:  at  that  time  abovi 


;red  to  t.ike 


lath  of  all 


eiiiance  to   lum. 


e\eei 


years  of  age,)   this  occurrence  ha) 


eiiing 


in  V 


lole  of  the  ci;v  and  dillricl  of  Stetiii,  tl 


:e  lilaniLs  o 


if 


171-2-1  ^ 


However  that  be,  the  confederates  blocki 


d   i; 


ledum  am 


IW 


ollin.  am: 


the  lands  between  the  Oder 


llu-  eilv  01 
1 


Tunningeii  till  .Ma',-  f'.liuwiiig;  and  the     .md  the   river  Peii'.',   which  were  left  in   t!:c  hands  o 


jf 


S\\.  des  iiul  beinj  in  a  coiuliliuii  10  lend  iieiier.i 


al  Sti 


h. 


any  n 


Ihlul 


leinenls  ur  lu|iplie 


bh 


em-     Ills  1  riillian  niajelly 


be  was  oblmed  to 


The   city   of  W'ifinar, 


the  diieliv  of  Mecklcn- 


liniender  himlell  .md  his  Ir.tle  army,  conlilling  ol  9C00     burg,    the  onl^    town   which    the  Swedes   had  left 


men,  prilonirs  of  war,  on  conditiun  o 


f  ki 


iiiiis  their     Ciermany,  was  iiivi 


1  by  the  D.- 


I'rulILi 


1-h 


cl.i.ii.is  and  baggage,  and  beiiigexchanged  or  r.iniomed     noverians,  and  Rulli.in.s,  ihe  next  Ipiing,  and  obliged 

the  lull  upi'oniiiiilv  ;   and  tbiis,  lor  a  iillle  time,  ilie  war     to  lurreiider,  alter  which  the  king  ol  Denmark  was  left 

1  in  (iermaiu-.   I'mi  tlie  alius  the     in  the   pollellion  of  it ;    and  thus  ended  the   w-ar   in 


fi 


.nied  10  he  ,il  an  etu 


ext  vi.ir  iiiveltiiig  Stetin,  the  king  of  I'lullia  lo  iiia-     Ci 


iia  gi- 


ll the  niaitei,  that, 


tl 


,ie  ii^ii  eiiu  111  ul  Ibe   ('/.  11 


The  Danes  and  RufTians  then  niai 


ighty  prepa- 


iiiid  ihe  Swedilli  guveiiiur,  the  i.iun  w.is  leipiedeied     r.iiioiis  for  invading  the  king  of  Sweden's  dominions 


ht.i  the  hands  ol   his  I'mliian 


.mil  a'reeil  to     11 


Sehi, 


he  i;.ii  riloiiei 

llullleiners, 

S\M  den  at  the  end  i 


In   ,111  eiiu.il 


number  of  I'rulli 


'I'he  C /ar  went  in  perlhn  to  Copenhagen 
ed  an   annv  of 


but   was  to  be    ii 


111 


-d    tl 


ur  lb  It  purpole,  whitber  his  g 


if  tl 

if  \ 


;,0,00O   boric   an 
iiet 


)t.     'Ihe    Dai 


III '.he  latter  end  ul  N'ovhi.Ik  r,   171.I,   tlie 


iif    d 


ween  ^O  and  30,000  of  their  11 


alio   ; 
lor  tl 


ileinbled 


ilion,  am 


1  had 


weden  reiuiiiiii 


,it  of  'I'm  I 


piep.ired  7  or  Fco  vellels  to  traiilp orl 


limed  at  the  city     them.      I'ul  great  patt  of  the   Danilli  l!eet  bei 


of  Strallund,   .iiul  loiind  a  l,,ii;i:e  w.is   loriiiid   .ig.iinll     ploveil  in    Xorw.is  during  ihe  lumir.i-r,  10   uppo 


,)!e  an 


him,  in  wbh  h  the  kings  o 


il  De 


r 


lulil,!.     .1111: 


I'i 


.1  the    king   ol    (.1 


l.iiid,  am 

ll.mover,  were   p.iili  s ;    t! 

Vas  to  piilerv  e 


e.it    Milan. 


en 


■(lor 


i-iilerpi  i/e  ol  liie 
i.ilioiis    were   iiii  IK  i  iii.il 


:li  s  on  tli.it 


,ill  11 


r 


C/., 


piepa- 


(|i  \\'\\    w 


hereuf    hi.uded  the  kiiiir  of  D.'iri'ark,  t'la;    his  llect   v.is   not 


tlv 


('  iieai-e  ( 


dC.i-rn 


i.iin,   uliii  n  was  |)io-     le.uh   in  lime;  and  die  D.ine  reioiiing  on   t 


die  R 


puled  to  be  done  b\-  lecuriiig  llie  leipic 


lliati 


Sieiiii     monarch,  tha:  h 


iUld 


ullian 
not    m.ike  the  delceiu  in  the 


to  the   king  ol   I'riiHia,  and  ihe  pollellion  of  rremeii     l.ittv-r  end  of  the  vear,   which  ihe   Czar  oblirved  was 


and  Ferden,  and  whatever 


D. 


llie  had  lei/ 


the  duiiiinioiis  of   Sueden   in  (iermaiu-,  to  the  Dan 

(1  1 


ed  ol     iiiipr  lilicahii 


llieni, 


I  rc.ition  produced    annnohiy 


and  thole  lo  whom  lie  (hould  or  h.id  .illigi 

rcll  in  lliofe  coiu|uells.      The  king  of  SwnKn  lliou;i|U 


lied  his  line-     under   the  cannon  ol   Copenhagen,  as  1 


lo   ib.ii   the 
if  C 


D 


ane  mew    lit)  In 


'ices 


if  he  had  Ionic 


•:]' 


.dull 


\    I 


alb 


mid   the  C/.ar  loon  alter  re- 


it  highly  unreal'oiiable  that  he  liiuuld  not  be  peiiuir.ed   'iiiiiu-d  vmiIi  his  iiuopsio  ( Jeniian'.-. 

to  recover  thole  territories  again,  which  h, id  been  fur-   j      'I'iie  D.imlh  inun.iii  h  In  ing  now  h  ft  alnuifl  alone  to 


prized  in  his  ableiice.     'I'he  kill's  of  Prulliaand  F.n 


defend  hr.idelf  aii.iinll   tl 


was 


thieatei.ed  in 
his 


{> 


ti 


■nil 


!i 


I 


C\i       A  xr.w,  RovAi.  Avn  Arrni:\-ric  svsriM  or  r:-'ivr,usAi,  ckoorai'iiv 


ti^f 


lii>  ictuni,   \ulli  ill!  iiiv:''i'M)  ol    /.I'l.iiu 


i\   l,l^  Swrililii   '  lu's  |.ir  li\i'  liil.'  vi  nclii";  1  f  v.;nc,   t'l  iirU',  l\'i 


.n 


ni:ilill\',   Willi 


li  li.iil  t  iMt.r 


.ll!l|    (   I. 


Illy  ii;'fii  ]Mil  iiilci  (ATi'iiiMn,     ii.ircd,   ul.u  li  wi'ic  \  i  ■  \    ■.',!  k-\  i.iu  ici  liir    liiln.'d.      i. 


li.i'i  luit  llu'  k  ii.;!!!   (licit  15ril.iiii  Ini-iniiult  r  l.)ini  ;i|) 


tl;i'   \  r.ii     1 


ikil  111  ill'.-    Ii;-.,l\    ii.i 


\ii'li  li„ 


jirtlu'ii(i()i!N  llut    lli'ili-    pn'ii.ii.iliDii.i    (if    llu'    Swi'drs     imirls  dl  \kiiim  ,uiil  l'(  U'ill)iir>;li,  \\lu  ii  !>y  hr  nli; 
\\cu    inii  iid.-'l  ;i'',ii!ill  Ins  15r  lilli  tloiiiiiiicii-;    (  i  r.'.l'i'r   ■  i 'l  lluir    mlmmiiU'.'  Im'  Ms  o.vii  (loiniiiioii".,  mikI   i. 


Kii  I 


(ll)lllllllOII>.,    Mild   .i.|  ,,_ 


It   ill  i.\k  T 

Ir 


\  111  )'rciiK'ii  .iiul  I'ddoii,  aiiil  tlii'ii'iipoii     .iiilcLii  iIk-  il  iiiiiiiKnis  iil   limk'  |)i)\m  is,  .iml  tlu'  pr 


I'lu  ,1  Uiu.ulroii  ol   nu 


.11  (if  wiir  to  llu-  ,ilii(t 


Hire  nl   nis     ni.iiK'  lain  Iidii: 


iiui  In  a  (i-|-..ir 


In'  .11  tll'll-   III   '  M,  II,'  .[ 


D.iiiilli  111. Ill  liv',  whuli  luit  ,111  ilul  t(i  I 


(II!  s  Ii'.lriii 


,1' 
U  il  t'lilori'i  I/. 


III.-  l\.ii'.;  ot 


>.ur-     kiiii;    (,"iiiilli.i 


II    ii-'ifii 


1   to 


Tl'i-    rcllii'.vint; 


ii'.vriiii  /.I 

iviS,  ilu'   S 


p.iy   ll 


c   iliik-  III    i  i,,!il'    1 


Villll's      111,1 


tV,>>     .1 

l.l'Jl      .,s      1)1 


iir.ii-.s  li'lii   \',ii'\i,iv;   uiu'   I,)   il.c    iioiilm.iiil,  .is 


Hill!,',  ill!  ;    .mil     llii    (il'iii  1  , 


100,000  n\-(l()ll.irs,  on  his  n.'ii()Uiu'iiit;  liis  n 'h  t.)  1  r 

riii.il    'iliulu  olS'ilun';  .uiil.iii  i)iiiiii,iiuc  of  Ins  II  .iiv,  .11.!,') 

I  ^-  )  1,  Ik-  ll  III  (ijoj  iin  11  111  ilif  ,:liiil,iiK  I-  nl  ilio  i'ni|.,',   I' 


\    llu-    kin.;     .miiiill    llu-    l-Kiuii,       l|i    1 7  i  >,   lu-    r. 


in  IK  111  111,  loM  ,11(1 .  (.  Ill  1 1!  i. 1 11.1,  '.i\  in  ;  t  i.i-  v,  l^i^lc  i  cunia      iiritcnlinn^  l.>   il 


iiniliT  niiiUilniiiiiii,  Hull 


'Ml''   iiii  .mm 


in  Xm 


if  II 


.1111,1111  ',  cm  iliL'ii    p  , 


« .u      lum  ',J' 


jo.ooo  ni.irks  111    liU  I  r. 


II 


roil'  ir.on^h  M  (';>i  I'lc  llu'in.      I'm  llu- Svn-ililli  1110- 


lioiit  llic  1 1  Ills'  tiiiii-  It.-  i-iiclitl   ,1  coiinnl  (  I  ii.iij 


niu  ,1,  I  u  111''  ll 


Cijci,)  iriilirii  kill. ill 


w.i.s  tiiiiurnin.iK'U      to  cs.iiiiiiic  ,ill  pioi 


11  iii'.ip.il  ,1s  tli.it  III, mill    I). 


iiM'tr  lii|  1 


ir; 


llioi  m  till'  iriiiilu'-,  ;iiul  ilii-  l),iiu's  aiul  I  !,iiio\  v-ri.iiis     ,ul\':int,m'  oi   ii ;  ,iiul  iiiviii-tl  lol\•inlR■|•^,  (kiili-din  iii,u 


iIkmiiv  ik'li\  iTi-d  liom  tlii-ii"  li'.irs 


I,  r  li,i<l  the  S', 


Odc's     inil.ii 


lull's,  to  rolort  to  Dciim.irk,  and  i-ll   lililluil  i|i 


iii.id.'  llu  ill!.  !\i.-s  iiMlK-r>  o 


f  I- 


ri'il  I'U'klh,! 


•IS   it   w.is     I'liiii',  jiro'iihnin.;  tlii"    iMiiiorl.ilion    ul   lorii'.;H  iii.in.i. 


o;iM  iiuil  ilu".   lii;.;'  I    li.u  i."  il.'ii.-  11.  a  l.iilni'lu  nvir 


11  I'll'. 


Ill 


ii.d  a   I.  ink    all 


>,    III    iiniiali"ii    1,1 


U     \on\,U'     ll  .ll    I 


I'll     II  r,-(n\  V  l.ll 


I'.ll: 


anil    II 


,■1111(1,11111  lloli.md,  .ind  loiulinUd  lii  ,i:;i -,  nl   luli. 


D.sliilli  donuii.oir.  n  iliiii  d  I"  ,1  \  rr\   n.irrow  ioni|\ir..       Iid\    unh   loni-;!!   I'.iwns,  |),!rii<.iil,nl\    uiii  !-.n  .Liiiil, 

r,\  till'  (k-.itli  ol  ilu'  ki.i.;  Ill  S\ii  d'.n  tl.i:  w.ir  Iv.  t',t;'i--n     uliiidi  country  was  .it  llic  kh.iii;c  of  iMiliiM,  ik/.i.liui,;, 

Di-niniils  aiul  ll.al  iTov.  n  u.i.v  111  ,1  ni,iiini-|- broiiijht  til  a     ,ind   |ia\  in-.^  600J  ol   lii.s  tiooju  :   iiiul   \r,  v  iicn  ih,  :r 

I  llIU 

till  t' 


liifu'M;  lliiiii'.;h  till' jH',uc-  M,i>  not  loriiiallv  (i.;n.il     I   r\  iio  was  w.inU'l,  wiihdu-w  tkulo  irooj-,,  ;m,-l  ii,i.,|,| 


V  \  i-.ir 


tl-ii'    Sui-d' 


IS,   !)L-iim  in\,ii 


ll  d.Iliilli'il  hv  tlu.-  Ruill, 


l.ikr  nil  |-  1 


It  ill  the  cnluiir'  wars  bLiwitn  tlie 


i.iiis,  \\i'ii- iil!li';i.-il  111  ai'i  I  I'l     III    I  .iiiii'i'i-. 


dl'  I'luli  foiidiiii'iis  .'i',  die  iiK  (ii  itors  and  i;iiarr,nii. ,  ^  Tin- n.nii-s.aluiiit  ilu- s '-,\r  1  739,  li'i/in',  on  die  Im, 
ol  i;,  llu-  kii'..^  ol  (.n-.il  Iiril  liii  and  i'r.iiici-,  wiii-  Ihip  of  Sli'inliuilt,  wliuh  liis  liriliili  m.ij.  lt\  api'i 
pK-.ili  (1  10  puk  nil,-.      r.\   llu-  I'l.li  ai  lii  k- ok  this  tii-,iu      lu'nd'ji 


d  liiiiik  11   i-n:iik-d  10,  as  diiki- ol    1. 


inlli'iihlll"''   ,1 


he  kill;;  id    Drm-i  irk   o!iii^'-'l  Iviink-il'  not  10  .illilt  llu-     Ikil  mi  Ih  iLippi-iud  b.  lui'.ii  llu-  ir.iops-  ol    ll.moM-r  .nul 
C/ai"   ai^ainrt    S-.viutn,  or    i  iniiil  llif  I'liHi.m  nun  oi     iImIi- of  I  )i-niiiai  k,   wluri  in  k'Vir.d  ucrr  killed  on 'ii.ili 


var   to    en 


lir    1; 


,iiiii\  ll  Kills    reeov  I  ri 


ill,-   lerrilor)  la 

S'.-.i  des  olili;;e(l  llieinleU  e<  not  to  op|n,!,'  lui  li  nu-.;l'.iris     ddpul,'.      Ilowi-sir,  ,i>  ilu-   D.ine.s   leenieil  deteniiiii,! 
a>  Ihuiild  lie  t,.ki-n  In  tke  laid  nii  iImiiTs  in  beli:ill  ol' tlu- ■   11, -t   to  reliiiiiiiiili  their  claim,  a  lre.it\-  w, is  lei  on  I  mt 


K 


111  ir.ii.iik,   in  rrl.ition  to  die  ik 
ll'ilil 


■nini'ms  dl 


ke  ol'  ll'ililem.     H-.   ihe   I.M-ntli  .uiiele  me  km.: 


Denin-irk   iiiomdeil  m  d.'Iiv.r   up  ii  Sv.i.kii  ilie  c,",-     to  i  ii|">'  .Sum 


the     !-'.!\ieen    thole  pciwi  1  s,    mul    I'rii.uii   .i^reed   to  p.u   a 
riililii!',  to  ll'.e   D.ineslor    i,-ciniiliiii^   the  llaiui\Lii.iii( 


kiiril 


.Sliairuml,  and  part  of  I'omer.ini  1,  ,:  ■  i  .r  .l^  ihe  rivi 


n, 


ines    ,iiio 


Pcne  ;   1(1  i'\  .u'u.iie  the  loiir; 


'.!,; 


Ir.iiul,  I'll-  ll 


lii!  '  uiioii  liie  I'll 


h  III    a    ipi  irn  1    w'i!i  ihe  Diiu!'  li 
II  111    II  I  km  I.      'I'll.  II-  •.;u,iid.!iiii 


of  Ru''eii,  and  .ill  other  I  l!.!ii,K  I  iki  n  !i\  ;iie  il.i 


hi,",  ,1  '111    lime  111    ihe  Duleh  kliiim-  \el|.  I-,  .nul  i.ii. 


t!:e  i.iSi 
liiir.;h 


as  ailo  die  lim  n  nf  \'\iliii,ir  m 


.11-      1  k  ll  ll;,-Hi  M  l' 


ih 


but  111  ■  I  i'liuiiil   lA  dl! 


ill   coti(ii!er.ition  w  liereiif  the  S'.ic.k  s,   In    the.   eiim  1  lo  in.ike  ii  ui  I  lU,   ihie  j  x^iieks 


1  .ll    k 


ilin'.li   ariiek-,  venouiu-ed   t!ic    pi  i\  ile-^^e  oi   p.iiiinL;   the  ('in  illi  m  h  iviii';  ii  i.;ned  i'i\e.i'.s,  wil;-,  ,,!■  .a  riim 

Sound   widuiil    p.ivin^   toll,     and  j'.-,reiil    1.1  p.n     ihe     tilioii,   w  .s  liueei  ih  d  b\   bis   Ion  I'leileriik  \  .  mi  il 


(,iir,e  t  )U  a-  ihe  h 


Out 


Uiil  ;'\-  II. ■■  lenili 


rliele  me  rri.w  n  ol    .S v. cue  11  eii.;,i,..-'I  to  ]):i\  lo  the  km 


(if  Denm.irk  I'C3,'::j.. 


I  el  iKl  pkiee- 


;ih  ol    In 

hlOl-lll 

ih.-  eomm^i  i 


V,   r 


This 


'lime  tioii  11-  111 


Ii:!m' 


.niour.i'm'r    llie    iiiiiniil.itlur. 


,ii!'l  impiovii'  4  the   tra-le  I'l    ■:!-  i,.:ii'. 


ih.'ihilk 


ll  I  I  ll'.e  Sv 


J'. ,   a  leii.iraie  .ir- 


11  It    II.  in  le.l    to    liie   1 


i;n-    Is 


I.Ck 


It    w. 


ireid,    ihit    \\'ilir,,ir,    tli:    I'  riiluai 


lilll-       lliU. 


,1.  r  111  l'i>  r.1,1,1 


;t',.      I 


ih,;-i    ol'  were   ilemolllhed,    lli'iu'l   iii  \  i  r    h^    liililud     b.is  iiiieen,   who  w, is   ih,'  ir.oii  ,  r  ol   Ills  ji:  el -M  w 


'.s  ll   Bii-ini  n  and    I 


1' 


lie  ai'.iiii  111  ;i  in 


.1  a   in 


er  111    111'-   ll 


li.iil  been  conhrnRil  to  hi->  I'lil  m;iie  m.ij  -!1\  Ire  .inolher     I'ninI  -  ic  WoU'iiibu.tL',   ,md  m.-.i  m  1  /'■(<,  h^n. 
treat'..      1'-.-    the    aliinikiid   tieir.    hi.   D.i.iilli  mijell',      cei  .i.-.l  by  lil^  l"n. 


ol)l, lined   the  ;iii,i!,ml'.  c   o'   lie 


III"  ll    kiii'j 


(  iui!li,iii    \';!.    i!k'  pnkiit 


.r  Dt 


nil' in,   ,11 


.■liion 


,Sli  l.i 


d  ll,e  k 


I..    I.,    1). 


'.  K.  .s. 


hoi  11     111  1  -  ;  I ; 


(,re,!t  iiril, lin  reiiiovd    i'l^  -.^iiar.mlir    ol   ih.it 


m  11 1 1.  ll   m    1 


('„i.ihii 


M, 


V.  I'leli  lu- 


ll I',  .1  l.jrii,'  r  tie.ii\ . 
I  i,  nm.irk   now   ii-i  'iiir''  in  iv  .ii c. 


holl      J. 


p'iie'-  r.',  ll  of  !).-. 
.1  l.o-i:!,i  ',\u;  ilhi,  p: 


]  lird  himieir  III   pomioliie^  ihe  ir.'di-  ol   his  l.m''hi,ii ;      ii'\,il,   h:ir:i    jiU 


•n  I'l    1I-. 


.Ill  li.iil   ti',e  III)  ioiiuiie   111   lee  lis  iinit.ii 


.1    ( 


I.     nioii.ii  1  n    o'n  lu 


i!U  :    b 


I  eiiliai^en   ainuill  dellnn  rd  In-   aliie,   v.hi   hiiipi'e   ed     dnkiiul   h\    .1    l.i:  li  i  ",  enl,  w 


t!i  ,11'  .1    mil.  1 


in   tl'i-    \e.ir    1  - iri. 


Ills    111  II    rllei  n     w  .      Ill,-    ]  i  ilii 


I-     a^h'i.ill 


mv  ill  111  ,11 


W  ,lil'  'I  w, 


111,1,1,    ilai 


l'-li;.-i    ol'     .\iii'iillus    .\iloli  hi|.,     dii!^--    oj'     th'-  I 


.ii.  i-,i  ,1  '    ,1' 


i.ii    III    til.'    \-.   11 


lliiil  ;.  • 

ll;!i  ll         11 


lioni  heiud  iCile,   piniie  (  iiiilh-      .,;;'iiilrm,..i,    v.iii  ni.i'lelhe  111. 1'l    "I'l.-il 


e  I  iKiiinies  o'li- 


■1,    I'orii  |)eirm!ii-r  10,    lOii);   and  (  :■    1  h.lle   Nmhi,     eeiiiii'^il,   ol    m  '  le  ill  e  i,.l    .111  I   ,l;.p  illi  ''iite    l>.i:i 


111   (),lobu   o,    iTC'i;    ami  oilur  ihlldi  I  n, 


W  iiii  lllri 


anil  u  i.ile  llil .  n.ii , 


n\  I   in  in  ■  m   ir  leill  ■  ol  Deinii  1 


in   ih' ;r  liil.iiicv.      111.    fi  eoiid    wile,   ilie    d  iii'',!,:i  r  ol      "    1  h.ive  ( l.i\  s  iIii.m;  ■mlenum )  mile  n   mv  end,-.iMM:i 


ci;  ineelli.r,    li.'    1;.  n  1 11  1 


n      ii'Ki-   1 


i\-    '1 1 1\  ,il  ll,  1    ,  III   '.'1111  li 


ir    1;.".  s   .111.  I"   II. e 


(1,  li 


1,1-,   kill    IIII, 


1  ii'l.  1,1 ;  -.lee  re! 


kil 


e  ei  i   'Ml'- 


.'-d  tl.i   1    ih  oi  Oiii'L 


er  17  :  J,  III  me  01  :i  i  e. 


ol    ::ls    ,    I! 


iiii  ;  I 


ii\    f.ii.' 


iiiii;.'    I  om 


sir.eii-  liii,ii\    r   \-    iiiMon  \i 


m  \'l.  I 
iir.h-( 


m,  in.il  ru  (I  .S  'phi.i 


Mi.'d,  l.-m    .!      I: 


ill'.-  ,11 


1  'tii.e'.li  '■,  ami  tlu-  I  •'• 
-n  I  Muiled  .i  (jiii-'  II  b"  a 
nmiik  1 .  I'l 


I  11,   a, I  1   'r  .  1    ',1 


',icli,  i'\-  w  I",  .m  lu 


I  -..iilh 


ill.    kail. llu      S. 


.  kX'.bi 
i(  1 


iiii  .\\    1 1  11   1 1 ,   1  J :  ;,  and  ll 


epi  'IK 


.  N  1  .oiiili    I  \  em. 


or,   e  1  I , 


1  iieiike  liaii  i:- 
.1  n 


I  '.1; 


■  ll    i:,-  .111 


.1  S, 


1  'I,  I  7.;''',aiu;ni,ii  1  u- 


iDil.  1,1- 


iiile  I'l  III.'  I  iim.-.ii.iie    ■.',  o  1  1  o'e 


i.s.e  1  i  11'. Ill  ■'  ,i-.i  en. 


le  Ih   '111  111^  I.  I  ;ii  Willi    l.ime 


i-i  1  ir,  aihl  a  .r.im  1 


ir  I  1  -  11  I'li.iiii 


po;  uk.r 


iiiiLUlail',    in   .1 


hi.ldl 


iini;  the  nioiiiiliu- 


,'iiieiJm 


ll    1,1.)    O.V 


il   tale.iij  ,iikl  a.ij; 


ji.nc  (Ir.iu 
tioii,  and  { 
li.Jo  jiiatl 
til waids  ,1 
tr.ivcls  111 
relin  n  he 
MUM  ;    am 

pilUi  1.',    ot 

v.'iiiiie  ol 

w 'dl  the  or 

i'ei  iii.i|<  ll\ 

Iilimlteii.il 

inii  oiiiinoii 

p-'ihaps  i 

I'luiwcd  l'\ 

and  more 

r,  hi  III.      '1 

ll,i-  Imaiice.* 

weie  al'  lei 

lull  peiineii 

'h'p.itih;    ai 

Uiid  tilihu  , 

"  'I  he  CI 

ill  ^o  man, 

Irilmiial,  di 

lion  aiiiK-M 

ciuiiiiry,  llu 

their  cinolui 

ai  1  -^oj,  inl 

mt I'd  th, 

lor  1',.  ir  k  I 
]i!!i-r,di!\-,  \. 
tlie  thiid  pii 
Ills  r.iiil.ielii 
time,  ii.iillii 
p.-rl  •'-,'1  ol  II 
1  Hiled  1 1 
o'.I.er  bodies 
l.ii',  dep.iriii 
gii.iids,  anilii 
};uai(ls,  th.e  I 
(hihaiided  wi 
"  .Siill  pi. 
aii'i  peril'.. 11. 
tempi  a  dmii 
anil  I '  ,ikini.. 
vielim  1(1  |ii( 
ll:.  ik  III  111  111 
ll.  11  Ik-  U.I.  I 
I'lnivd  .1  pi 
11'. Ill,  V  ho  h.i 
ill  die  1. Ilii  I  e 

lllll,  il..  ,1  ]ll;!ll 

More.,  w  (111 
of  mm-,  h,!'. 
Iiiiif  K  .md  I 
imp.iM"!  '...ll 
^iriieiilic  ('(< 
\et  he  leit.i: 
ol'  his  e.\ieiil 
h\  hks  aeliiii- 
\oiir,  and  ,ie' 
verted  l.iiii, 
nilhes  ok  \\( 
nioilein  limi', 
foimd  iiidii  i,t 
]>u:i;i  d,  oi:'\- 
dr.iw  rmm  e.ii 
iiuirin-  I'm  I 
e\i  11  .III  liuiidi 
tli'M  del.iim  d 
iikr\id  Imn! 
dou.i'.;i,-r,  ami 

lllllllK  III.   Ill  p 

lank,  imim-di.i 
ih'ui'.'Ji  eonm:, 
'I'll  ';-  ii.ll  |.,^ll.- 

hiics.     Thi;-  (1 


-.i-.or.RAi':;v. 

iiu',  \n  iii'lv,  Ci'l  .111(1  11. 
u.ns  III  till'  lul);,'Cl.  Ill 
II  till'  ir;-,,i\  1).  t'An'ii  lin- 
iiirv;li,  \\1k'h  by  lu'  nli;  u:,. 
\ii  (U)iiiiiiioii>,  ;\ii(l  ■'.'I  li- 
ilf  |ic)\M  r>,  .Mill  llu'  jirij- 
iriii'  .uiii'li.'  ill  'ili^  n\-^i  , 
.i\-   il,c   link  ■  111    i 'mill'    I 

L'llOlllU'ill^  1  !'•  II  ^1'    l'>  I    f 

rliLiiici.'  1)1  his  ti  .ily,  ,ii.i/> 
e.'.llill.iiRi-  I'l  I'lK'  i'iii|..-,  r 
■jy'i,  Ik-    r.liiKiU'llu'l  !i  i 

.tllUHll.;,    oil    llli-'ll'     1';..  J 

•ri(K  il  .1  cii'iiicil  111'  til  li 
It  111. mill  1)  til. nil'  I"!  1  ir 
I  loi  ■ii;iiiT^,  lUill.'diii  ii'.u 

ll.lllv,    .111(1   fll    .llililUll   ll:    m 

irtaiw'ii  ul  liirci'.;ii  ir..i!i  u 
'.iik  iillii,  111  iiiiiiaiii'ii  i.f 
I  (iiulinU  il  ti(  .Kii  ^  III  ii:li- 
|Mnicul.iil\  VI  il  !'-:i  .Inul, 
i.ii.;i.;  of  l.iilin^,  (.'..(i.lii.;., 
)(ip\ :  iiiul  )(.'■,  vlii'ii  ill.  T 
w  tl.oli."  inxij:-.,  aii:l  vi-iM 
wai  >  b^UMiii  ii->-'  \  '"'  ■• 

his  IJiUiill  ir..ij.ll\  .I'.'r '- 
as  (l^li^^•■  (il  l..i\\liciii)i'ii;,  l 
llu-  li'iKips  ol    M.uiDVCr  .IV.ll 

I  ri.vi.r,il  wen-  killed  ciiln.ili 

ri-covir(.-il  iliv-  HI! lion  m 

D.iiu-s   ii-i-ui((l  (k-uriiiin  ,1 

111,   il  in-.it\   was  Id   (Ml  I  'lit 

d'  r,i:-,.i'.M  '.i<.\ivril  I"  V"  .1 
•ciiniiuii^   Uic  llaiuuLiuinii 

(Murrd  w'l''  ''i^"  l'>>"^'''  I'"' 
I 't  land.      'I'li.H-  ..MLird-liiii-s 

in-li  l.liiiiii;  ^'■li•  I-.  •"">  '"- 
tint  lii-  ll'iiiaii'l.  is  ihii-ii- 
iii'j  VlHiI.s  wen-  I'  I  a!    1. 

li;  li.n  FuuJiiik  \  .  "11  lie 
i-,iiui-  tiiid  ir  li.~  I  '■'■''  I'i 
iii.innlatliii'-^.  '  ^'  '''■''■"', 


,1-  •!" 


tr.i'i'-  I'l    1.1-  I"  u'- 


t'l    li.r   1' 


■  111  liu   iK.ii 
li:;l-;.t  w 


a   II  .'i  M'. 


.  r  111    i;ii-   il 


.1  111   1 


Dvu., 


IXna-ir:.   -r  t 
iiMi  11    111  1 ' ;  ! ; 


I    .1.1,  n 


M.I 


,.  d  id'  l)^-ii  !••-. 

An;  llll,  I'lli..  -!• 


•  r  111 


lu  I'.v  11. 


V.llU'l       I'    > 


111  .il' 


;liwv-  Mild 


ill  ■    V.   .1 


II. -Ul-  >  "I 


A  .ill  I  .1;.!' 


A\   :;:il 
Millies  i..m- 
-I  iK-    l>.ia    I 


II  )|,  ill  ■  1)1  Diiiiiiiii' 


, )  111  1  !(-■ 


II  im  1-11(1. -.1 


\ui:r, 


r.-i-v 


11-,, ■  111  I  p.   .elllii  mil'   il  ' 
i'l  ■  l.iU.-  1-1.1    'III'-  '• 

.!, .-,  ami  till-  '  ' 
do!  ..  ii'ic  '1  li"i> 
,1  r.i  -  iiuni.l  1  ■  '-' 


!.  1- 


I)  il  1  1 


|.  U   I'll.lIK 


,.ik1  a.iJ; 


1^'    111   M 


EfROI'I-:.] 


11     I-'.     X     M     A     II     I-. 


C\ 


li„\i-  i! 
(lull,  anil 


liim  rrom  liis  nn'ive  i-uil' 
IhciI  I 


HI  v,y  111   (-(111  li- 


ll   lillll   111  ,111   (  I.  \  .III  <1    Ml. 


I  Ir  III.  'i  •      Sii  iiriilt 


•sliihiiid,  w  IS  in  iir-.-fcr'.  in'.;  .n  firri-.-v  -.(.liicli  -!  1  :,:    1 


(-,    .1.1.1     I   ,0     llllrill 


lid   I 


II  a 


Iv  |ira(til.:ii   plylir  .il    \'iciii,  ini  liu-  j-.l!).-,  .i  -d   li-     iheii   licin^;  ,irr.  (I.il.      On  llu-  l.i-l  I  A^-di^   | 


taw, nils  altiiiiUd  llu-  pn  I'lU  kmi',  i>l  lliniii.i 


II  ills     lliis    t-M-ii;,    iIk-    111  I'll    w.is    liili'l'.d    wit 


tr.i\t-ls   III  |-'.ii;;l.iiid,  ill  iiu-'nv   ni   pliv  Ik  i.iii.      (Jiilr,>     iii.i';iiilii-i.'iK-( 


irn 


11     lIlK-.lllliP.III 


rii    iv  -d 


!|-|-,lte|- 


lioill.h' 


riiiiin  IR-  ,1'lv  ,1111111,  hy  r.ipiil  Itiiiu-,  in  ilu-  rm.i 
MUil  J    and  luniv    to    liav-    i-iiiini  ii,l\     i.olirlkil    T 


,1-     or  i-.iuri  li'r\  illiy,  It. mi 


I'H-    (1  Kill,  til, 111  wlu-ii 


K-     \  I  I'll- 1)1    riiiii. 


Out 


u.  Ill  ..II  liM-ii  t  If  his  f.-i/.m,..  th  w 


I" 


III   |di  .liiu;,   (iiue    If-  III  c  nil  ■   (ii'mIK-   iIk 


w.l^  .1  111!  11. ir:  111  till-  iiai.ic^ 


r 


U-   11 


11,  ailer  il,in;-in'_ 


V.  Ill  111-   ol    lioili    km ;    .111(1 


iiuclUd      .iMilii.il,  iiiii- I  (iiiiill  .  (I  i:u  I' w  nil  III    k 


di  llu  ord*  r  III    ^^i     M.ililli,   iii'liiiitc   I  in  I    ir.i.ii  id      l.i  S' i  m    iil<-:-  .|in  in  ;  llic  lell   i)(   lliu 


li.l  Ml, in  ll\,  ire. Ill  d  .1  1 
iniiiilKii.d  piiwi  r.  !  lis 
mil  iiiiiiUDli  ninticiu'e,   iii.i. 


,ili"iii  iw.)  ill  ill.-   niciiiiiij,  ,1' 


I  ivc  lu-f 


II 


l-.ci.l 


\\  1  ■  Mil  )  w 


e.'iiil'K  1,   111   11 


111  and  I'ti'inl  (  r.iii 


II.      T 


n-  inoin.iit   .\  IS  111)',-,   i- 


(1  and  (kiMiii!  11 


Mil-     ihl.'cn    I 


li)\\  1  ;   r,    ,iiid   Ikt    Imi   iiriin.-  -    |-'u  l,-i  ;>  I- 


|i'-iiiaii-,  1   iiii,;lil  ,idd,  an  (•.;-, iiukd  .iiid  |i,ili  i,iliv'  iicu,,     b.iil.  iiid  li)  llu-  kni'/s  priv,iU'  i-li,itii!KT,   w  1 
rn,u\pd  li\  ill.  pill', II 1. '11-  il  mill- III    iii'iiiK  !;u  .1 


I'd  inure    pei  iili.nU    u 


1  lit-  Hale  lelt  Inn  lliroiii'li  all  I-  i 


l,ll        lili;  I'll; 

1  ,s :     liiiiili  ii' 


111  lied.     '!  liev  kiic-eled  di 
(1 


i'am  iieliile  lilin,  .n 
Hill,  Willi   U-.irs   ,111(1  i-\i>iiltii!.iii.iii.,  Il  lisv 


■I 


.  'eiini.irK  liiiiii  iiiiiH-n  liii 


nil  I'  -r 


ll..  lieaiues    ili,iiu-t-i\ ,   aiiny,   iiav\ ,  iin|'U->,  p'.d.in!  >,     ain  llinj,  ili.ile  w  Iidiii  i1h-\  cilk  il  ihe  ,iniiiiirs  nl   it       It 


wiie  all  lenlihlv  ol  Insimineme 


Ik 


U   liii  1  .id.     Is  i  lid  111'-  kin,;  u  i  - 


:iK  lii'liiee  I  I'l  11  111  liic  (ink 


lull  pi'iined  Ins  replies  II)   I  \    i\    iiiijv  .11,11,1    ,pi.  Ihuli  or     liiil  di.l  it  w  1:  !i  1 '.lii;  line.-  and    11. In  it-  .11.      ,\t 


ii(h, 


ai.d   a  i'ei  iliuii   m   U  lieme 


1' 


iiiij  .111  •  111  'r  iniie.itii-s  p 


11'.-     .lll.\   'll   Ills    11   '11    111. I. 


u.iduidiu,   r,iu  I)   w, IIU  d  lull  lioiiis  kii  .111  .inlwri .  nii.il  to  tke  pa,)er.      Cnlmiel   K'lilii'    ;'.  nin.r   inll.in  ly 

"  '1  iu- ii\  ll  )iidKatili-c- ol  tins  cipilal  w  i.s  then  wll'.d  upaired  Ui  ^tlUl-nlee'.^  ,ni.irliiieni,  \'..",li,   as   ueil  .i.-i 

in   ^Jo  in,in,llr.iies.     S.riieiilee    knt   a  nu  11  i^e  in   lii.s  Ui.indt's,   w.is  in  the  p,d,iee:    tlie\    weie  luitli  lei/.ed  at 

tiiliiiii.d,  deiiuiniliii'.;  to  kiinu  ihc  aiinii  d  kil,ir\  01  p  n-  iie.iily   llu-    laiiie  iidkiii;,  ,iiid,  ,is  .ill  d.l'enec  w.is  \aiit, 

liiiii  aiiiievid  to  citli  nieini-.  r.      K.iilu  r  al  ii-n.  d  ,!i  tills  h.iii  ried  ,iw,iy   iiniiiedi.iii.1',   to  the  cii.id.l.    Wdi'.'ii  e  ..iiit 

i-ni|iiii\',  ihey  IcMl  ,111  aniw  .  1 ,  111  wliieli  tliev  (iiiniinllu-d  S-riu  iilL-e  IK  piu d  oni    ol'  the   cnaeii,  lie    laid,   \\  iili  a 

li.eir  einuliiiiienls  ne,ir  two  llnrds,   .iiul  ellnn.iii  ,1  tli  in  liiii.e,   to  i.  e  i  .i.iiin.nnl  iiit,  "   1  bciitve  '.oil    .ne  until 

at  ijO'O,  inltcid  ol    40-1^  ri-s  d"'!,iis.     'I'l.e  eoniit  1    .  n  liiiie   liiii'i!/''l   ,it    I, .  Iiil;  me    lii'imuiu    lu-f..-   as   .1  |>ri- 

ii'k.in;'  (!  lliein  lli  it  Ins  111,1;   ;! '.  Ii  i,l  iid  rnrilu  r  oe.  iImh  I'lier."     "    N'n,  a.id  p'-  de   j ,  nu-  e\'.'  lien,  e,   'i,  plied 

l.n  I'.'ir    l;i\ii-.s;    kill,    in    In-    |. '\  ,il  hiinitieeiii  e  ,iiid  tli- 1  ilil  clket  f  li    inil\  )  1  an   ii-it    11   .ill  liii  pi  i/.-d  ;   kut 

Id  I  r,di!\',   \..i,s  iM.ici.i!'li\   pii.il'.l   1,1  1  .iiii'i'iii-  1,1  il  e,i'  on  ill,  eonii    1  \ ,  h  i\  1- Ion  ;  1  \p,cli  ,1  \  on."      Itwi-le.o 

tin-  lliilil  p'lt  oi    tliiii  .ivo-,\,d  iiK-n;-.u  i,  .-.s  a  pii.,.t  i.|  .''.link  111  11. e  iiini  i.u,',^  u!i'ii  tmiiu  K.inl/.iw   ee.iie  tii 

lii.s  r.uid.ieHoii   with   t|u..||-   eiiidnil.      He,   ,11  liie  l.nnr  liie  doirol    her  iii.!]eilv's  airi  cli.nnher,  ,ind  kn,ieke(i 

tiiiic,  eiadlililted  jjio'hel  court,  Cniiipok  d  onK  ol    li\  Ini  .1,1    iillanee.    •  ( )ii,- ok  llie  woiiu-ii  ilioiil  tm- iju-.  nks 
p.-rl -'i.i  ol   inte:;rii\,   IowIiiiiiIk-  i.iin.-  p  r..  ,-r  was  de-  1   p.-ikm -,>.is  ord.ei,  d  10  w.ikehi  r,  ,ind  ^lee  li   f  iiilnr  ii,\- 


.;iied        He  pr.'eeeileil   In   pni  ;e  tlii-    iliimir-,    ,iii,i      I'm  ll,  it  llie  w  ,!s  ai  1 ,(!;   I. 


■1  I,- 


inl,;  r  li.idi.'s  ol   llu-  I  1  ,v',      '111'.  .1  111'   11. 


the  n..li-   '   el    till-  kiii'j,'s 


tk-jMrlU'eiil,    ll 
,l.s,  and  lilu  1  w.'i 


liioke  .id  .lie  link- 


siii'j,  s  ( .  I  .en    .,  'U.i'.e  r.-.r  (.;,'.s  n  u>  .  U'  n.-iir,  a 


llieii  put  !i.-i"  inl.i  OIK" 
an. I 


'I'l  n   r  nil  111  Hie  I'  1.'  I.  I 


'I   C 


1  un.niiiir  1. 


,hde 


(1st 


e  r.  .,.iiu-i:i  1. 1 


\    (io.ii  d  ,ui  iiik,i  i\  iliDii    ill  C'(i-,'  iiit.i ;.  11  :  eeeiv 


niiids,  tin-  liiii  ll   e.'t'is  in   iiie  ll  r\  i, 


i,,.t     mil  ;,ir. 


V 


'i'Mi  w  .1 .  l.ikeii   t  ) 


nt  li  :    tltv-   11 


'I 


ilifliaiidiii  w  itliiiiit  ,1  111  nt,  !'•  II  \  er\  ...iii  '.nnis  I   d.iinii.       11  il. 1111,  .11  -  .ind  Inls    r,-i  orl  s  w  1. 1\-   Cii  1 11 


ikited 


.Still  p 


i.icei  (111).;  Ill  ll 


111!   n,  '.I   11  Ilk  . 


nine  to  icinier  liie  il  :t  ■  pi  1  lon-rs  o 


aii'i  periknis  atciiii\>ii  ,  lit,   lie  iilii,  ■  .ic  U   k    ■   iito.il..    h  .1  ,  1,    poikm  ii.io  die  l.iii.;'s   collee  to  ik  diov  ki.n  j 
I-  I'.ildes,  ,i,iii  t,i  I,  t  l..e  i'.n  iiiels  '    li.il  llu\    inieiideil  t'l  deeMi'j  liiiii  iiu-.iniilde  of  .'.ivi-i  11- 


leiiijil  ;i  aiinlliiilioii  I 


and  pi  ,ikint.s  ,it  peilei  1  Id).    1\  .   No  v  ■  ii;iiei  tk.il  h.-  k  ii  ,1 
.Kliin  to  liuli  111  .ilins,   ,iiid  ill. I.  .ill  II. lilies    join,   I  111 


t,.  r 


.11       l|  '  111  1    o 


nt   id   til.: 


:i,   .1-  well  .1.  Ii.i  i  111  I'rinee  I  i.d  -nek;   and  U) 


ll;s   ill  111  111  lion.      '11 


ele  wire 


ll 


le;'.  I  ri-iK 


■  i.jekii.i   .M  1 


1' 


)  e.iiii.i  111   il.i  k-  e  \'i  i.ir- 


tkil   he  >v.i>   loo    ;ie(  I  i.l.dile    tn  ike  iim  en,   v.!  i. 


liin.nv   and  eoiiir  |.,...  i  ns  renins,   ike  km  •  Idiiik 


I- •nil'. 


'll  ti  \t. 


ll    \  .Is   the    iniii.il,  I,   ai'il  no 


t  ill 


lis  hi.Jilur,  .1 


1  pe   ri  .1    III  a 


,L,l 


n.iii,  w  lio  k.id  h  ■  o,,u-  oliiMsioiis.      1  iki  iM    pi,  lend,     tlir.  iiL;h  the  111.  ,■  s  1  I  ihe  eit\ ,  t  >  In  ■  \  li'iid'eU   niii'irl, 

liini;      .111(1    .IS  d'ele,ii".,l  lioni    tic    111, dt    h  nrnl   e.inl'nr 'es'. 


kit; 


I  e.iiin  it\  ,  I  nil'  r  n  1  e\.  ii'e  01  e  -in. 


w  Ilk  ill,-  { 


r  eiiil  HIS  ,1! 


,i      !  )iirin'.  tliek    tr.inl  r  nous  Sum 


(1    k.r..ii. 


M'lres,   w  foiii   t\i,iiin\,  or  piilrie    l..i;iiiel',   .iiidw.int     d  iiiii.d    in  tl'.e  iiioll   n..;or(  us    niipiil  niiiieiit.       d  ney 


(it   iiiiie,   li.i\  I  liiijii 


,diii(.l 


1  e\l.  r\   ,1J 


1  1.  ll   tlic   loriner  w  nil  vei\   li m\  \    cii.iin-    .1 


k.iii,    h 


tiiiK  l\     ,iiul    I'liommioiis    cMt;    t  nt    I.i  w  lii.i|,-  nieiiiin  \ 


1  Ills  .111(1  leiis,  iiiul   lie  w,is 


1   h' 


n  111. 


ejvnli'!  piillenl'.   liive  done  .I'lijl'.'  piiliee.      d'linii  .,.1      tin.  v.all  1)\   an  ium  k.ir.      d'iie    iiu  111  is  n.it 


Siliien 
\;'l  he   e  ei 


not  .ippe.ir  to  li...  e  111, id 


.1   uk 


l.iiiiK'  ma 


(te  a  \  UiKiit   ,111(1    iinnnulei.t   01. 


ol    Ills  e\ie'ili\  e      o-.m. 


r.    IK 


il 


OIK   ir..i\    iiiii  .( 


01  1 .;  leet  lijuarc,  w  i.li  ,1  liiiu 
iron  llovi.-;  \  el  lieic,  in  lets 
iliini'''i    ili.iiiK  d,  enmrk  .id\ 


d  .1  111 


iilerv-,    did  I'C 


I"  ll  i\  e  ll,  1 11  itiidMciii  ll  w  nil  io\  ,d  ki .      .nioiinlol   his  lik'    ;iiid  eoi.,'n'. !   as  iniiiid.r,  wliuhis 


\oiir,  and  .ueninil.i    <1  honiinrs,  and  not  to  h.i\e  ad- 


\  .-rted  kill 

11  lius  of  Wild, 

lli'id'  111  tl:i:e.,    \ 


d.   In   lie  ( A  iMii.le.s  whivli  hillor'.'  Iiir- 


y 


ei.iu  d  w  idi  niieoiimioii 


.V      I!u)lll!,il 


I'  im. 


d  ol    (  liiok  Ills  ill      (ineeii  ai  d  iv.  o  (  on  tits   and  , 


.iipul  .t.oii  o 


.'■1111)11  iiiiisir.;  \  I  ■,  iiiee  liie  llippeis      i.i  iii ,  1,  1  ,  e  an 
d. .,  ,1  ;'i.i''d,  'II.       \',  ll',  11  ke  V,  .1,1.  \ ,  11  d  lie  oil  lit  (i 


;i\i:i.\  111 
i  eii'iil 


e  isill. 


ki,,it  11 


1. 


il.s    k    /I! 


le,    10  u  nil 


<lr.r.\  Irmn  iMiirl,  ,.'i.l  pais  the  1     ::■ 
k  1  111  ii\    kn    lis    ,  11. ,11   1    ll  iiin    iv  I 


I  \ .  11  ,.n  linniiit  1!  ,:ii    il 
.  (.1    iiiiii,   111 


,  u  nil  the  iiinii  aiii['ie 
1    .  ll    r. IIU  ,   rii\ ,    (11 

,'11    lillll  1!   ll\    klkll:  1- 


k  .',-   Ill:  ,r  h.  .ids,   1111(1    1',  ■  (-p.i',  e;i    i 
tun  1 .111  'I  s  '\ei  e  I  Nei  ir,  i|  .\i':  1 


s  were  k  nleneiil  to 
b.iiidlinu'in.  d  ho 
■-,   t-;.:;   .ii'd  ikeir 

.,     .liu. Ill    .1    I'll  ■    .'.I'll 


ml  ok  die  11..  ;i. 


11.  n  ikt,' 

ll  krvid  hnii  Im  tl 

ikiW.u'er,  and  iniii 


II    I  \  el  \    w  .111111, 


.V  ..nniil'.i  11 


Is.      11.  n'.\-  the  pi.  .,11  i-n 
leeii;    ..ii.i    lli,e    tk.ole    \' 


I- 

ho 


11  linn  ,111.1  li.e    Dili' 


111.  111.  ...   w 


k.    d 


le  (inei  11-       I  lie  i.il.iiiU  , 


.  lieiiiio 


la  1  ' 


oeii\-. 


re  tin-  'inU  leehle  in.- 


II 


iiiukiiis  to  piiiilii'  ■.-  ll 


n.ill 


lis  (  .ii.illl.iplie 


ii'i    ll,    llieir 


r.lllk,  itllUK-di.iK  U    iiniiUI    llie   liellnn  id    tile   I.  iM  1  ei'.'ll  ; 


1 11-  thai  ill 
Milk  IK  t  ! 


emirt  leeiire  wi 


I  ell 


pi.i.-kdi; 

's   ein  \    d  .It 


ll.nn 


.'.ll  eoniieoii   r. 


11    k.is    1. liked  liiiii'K   ol    tl 


■|  I,. 


I  III)  is  l.ile  w  111  :i 


iiiei  :.  lull  i.'ii ',   aiu 


1  .ii'rik 


led  n  to  11,  r  iiiM  '111.11  \ 


1.1  wl  ere  llu-  Kir.'.;  11 


lnte.s 


dh 


0111-,    mm 


k  ul 


.  I-,    tiiev 


I 

(  d    odlei  .  Ill' 


1. Ilk  11  nil  le  e  . 


so.  50. 


Ys-t 


I  -11 


\u:i 


6iC, 


A  N'F.U',  ROVAI-  AND  Al' riirXTir  SYSTF.M  or  I'MVFil.SAT,  CFncFrVniV, 


m 


i 


M 


I'l    Willi   W  ll.lt   .l\  ill 

IKiiiip,   liilipiii.il    lilk- 


.1 


U-ciini;  lu  Ill's,  inianiii;iry 
vii  i-,iri<iiiN  |)(i\M  r,  Idiiiilit 


urtti,   \N  hill-  lolid  ii.i|iiiinil>  IS   iii'nU'did  !      How   iiiii- 


vcr 


l.il 
lUlU  I 


Is   llio  Willi    Id   .iciiiiirL'   wt.ill 


li.  .1 


i>niiiii<iii,  iiiu 


WolUlU   luHlnlll- 


)it  wIk'ii  (lil.i(nii)iiiiiin.iils,  llu- 


l.l\     llic 


n.iiuul  I'liiuoiuitaiits  1)1  ilicic  oli)i(ts,  ainnil  tlu'  |iiir 
i'liit,    mjiikiiul    blame    not    ihciiiik.'ivi's,    Init 
fauli    nil    r.iii.',  wlicri'as  their   own    nnHIks  .il 
cni)iii.ous. 


;ilis!   (! 


(!()  IlKllt.ll  IIU'II  111   \  .1111, 


Ullt  w 

or  Idihiiu-,  lati.',  <ir  I'loviiKiu  i'  lunipl.iiii ! 


Ciod  i;ivis  us  VI 


liat  lio  knows  our 


w.iiils  riiiiiiri". 


^\ik1  IkIIit  llilii's  lliaii  lliok'  wlikli  wc  iK' 


Soiii 
liiil, 

Sollli' 


c  iirav  lor  :  ii  lu 


wauli'il  l)\   roll 


ilics  iIk  \   oliiani, 
lurs,  lor  iliiir  uiahli 


P 


nil  piiloii  to  III'  ill  III,  ami  c( 


W  lu  n  ;;iiil^\  I'l  ilair  miws,  io  i.ill  ,\i  liniiu' 


Miiiili  1  'il  \'\  iliiilc  ilu-)  tnilK  il  w  nil  tlicir  lilf, 
A  l.ivoiiril  !i  T.aiil,  or  a  hi'loiii  wilo. 
Such  (li'arl>i)ii^;lit  hli  lilies  iLinprii  w'ry  li.iv, 
lu  I' .mil- wo  know  not  iorwli.ii  ihiiij^s  to  |ir.i\. 
liki-  .Iriiiikcii  loi»  alioiii  tlic  llri'iis  we  roam  j 
\\  ;  Il  knows  ilii-  lot  lu- lias  a  ten  liu  liomc  ; 
^  ci  knows  not  how  to  lliitl  th"  iiiu  cri.iiii  [ilacc, 
I'lUl  llullllll^  on,  .111(1  ll-mntrs  iv'n   |mii-, 
'Ihu'.all  li  t  k  h.i|'i>iiuls,  hut  liw  cap  I  i '1, 
I        lor  larilic  gicaiir  I'.iit  ol  nun  au  bliiiij." 


C     II     A     P. 


w 


D 


N. 


s  r.  c  T  I  o  \-    I. 


:',  7? 


ii»'t,.',;r;,'(, 


CI: 


m.itr 


P<oJun\ 


Likf 


the  winter,  arc  then  on  a  fudilcn  aclii.itcil  hviliclut 
if  llic  lull,   whuli  alinod  coniiiiiialU- Ihin  s   ji,ii  i;,j ,,  _ 


h\ makes  anu'iiils  lor  its  liiori  (hiy    a 


ml  nriiii;    n 


8'    '.,  Rfiljh,   B:>,!',    h'ljh,  .)I(»,r,;/,,  ,;)),/   Mm, 

Ci'ii'it  vf  a  Dfkcnt  into  one,  and  tiu  Muniiir uf  mdiiu      UmIoii  ilic 


Ai~     tiiiiiv  llicrruits  jiropcr  to  the  dm, ate.      In  t!i,  hi,n  i . 


JuHu 


tlu  Ir 


(1  th. 


hi  Ills  are  covereil  willi  a  v.iii'  i\  nl 
coiiiilr\    oserljir-ad  wiili  itr.i 


T 


HIS  kingdom  extends  froir   r.x  ile 


3n  nun.  to 


r.ilphernes,  i  urrants,  iScc.  w  liii  li 

III   their  ^aniens  unions  are  hroUi^ht   to  i>i 


ow'  iip'.ui  e\  .r,  I 
"  pel 


69  den.  30  mill,  north  l.itiliide,   and  lioiii  12  to     tioii    111   dry  \earsj   hut    apricots,   pitches,  .111, 1 


lit 


ileji.  eall  lon''Uui 


le.  1 


d  .-.on 


dt 


)eiii[»  I     .r  800  mil 


ih,  'i  walirriiits,    .11 


I'-   Icarci-  as  or. in  u" 


■\\ 


It  is   h 


ided 


on  ihe  1101  til  liv 


I.arlaiidi   011  the   roulh  In   ilie  I'l.i'.tK-,  tlu  Sound,  and     wh 


I  rii'<  of  liA  eral  lort>,  and  Io 
nnoi  he  iaidol  ilv  ir  applet, , 


'c  iolei,il)l(  ^  ^ 
■  irs,  and  ;  I;im 


tl'.e  ("ate!;ate  J   on  ll'.e  eall  1>\    Riiliii:    .mil  on  the  \m  It    ■  Inr  llule  ,ire    neith.  r  coininon,   nm    well-talted.      I', 
bs    the   Itupendous  inininiains   ol    N'orwa\.      Ihe    in-     all  kinds  ol   root-,  are  m  ph'iiu  ,  anil  (oiuribule  iiii.i 


liahiled  or  tulliv.iKd   parts  ol   Sweden  are  very  liiiall,     to  llie  nouiilhineiil  ul   ilu  poor  pen 


vr.eii  coiiipaiccl  wiili  ir.e  v.i 


pace  coiiipiil  I 


1  b 


\   e\- 


•|li 


eir  wooiis  and   \  a 


II   Ir 


telihv  e  1,1 

and  h.irrt.  11 

With  rel 


ilphs,  II 


enl  mountain'-,  iininenle  roct 


^tl 


le   eouiitr\,  and   are   lor  ih 


o\  erlpre.id    iiiiuli  (.[ 


heath: 

pcci  10  the  climate 


11   of 


pnu  . 
I'll' 


if  ihi 


s  countr\-,   It  in.iv 


bceeh,  Inuh,   ahUr,   piniper,   and   lonie  oak 
all\  ill  ihe  piuvnice  ol  lllekinj;  in  In.illi  (loihl.iiid 


be  jullU    l.iid,  that   cold  and    heat   pre\ail    111  ihe  ex-   ■  trei  s   ;;iowini;   in  molt   pl.iees   Io   dole  toi^e'.jur,  ai; 


J 
trenie. 


The  lull,  a 


t  th( 


-It. 


of  Stockhoiiii  18  hour 
in. ikes  a  Coiuiiui.il  da 
Ih' 


u  aDove  ine  liori/.on 


oine  weeks 


and  M\  half,  and  for  I 


rioiIion.iblN   llioit,  t 


the  I 


n  w  inter  tin   (l.i\  s  ,ire  pri 


l\  111^  to  rot  ulieie  thi  \   l.i 
1)  p.ili.ihle. 
ini!;   and  hi 


.11,   tl 


i.n  lie  woods  are  le.ir 
-  .  ntiliil    and  cheip  i 


.■lierall\   \  er. 


nil  lu  iii'j  n 


h.ilf;    which  ddett    is  Io  well  luiiplied, 
th'    iiiooii,   ihe  whiicnels  ol   the  Ino 


\  e  lioiirs  anil  an 


n 


ibl 


li'-hts.    I 


Iv   ioii\  erliole  into  timlie 
l)ul 


i.t  I 


or  ,ill  iiti" 


Io  thai 


'I  t''e  I  le.n  IK  N 


iliat   ir.i\  eliint'  in  ni 


iht 


di  export,   from  lience,  bonds  and  malts  fir 
piii^;  whieli  prove  as   ;;  lod  .is    ihole  of  Nor 


Is   .IS  iini.il 


ir  il 


le  miiii  s    itie  woo. 


|i'urn 


are  oeLiiin    in  tlie  1  >,  rniii'j 


W.llll    IS   I. 


In; 


Ironi  ant.iia 


(pi,iitl\  as  111  the  morning.  The  want  1. 1  the  fun's  pi 
bc.it  Is  repaired  hv  limes  wuhin  doors,  and  u.irni  fuis  ,  ai 
abroad  ;  inllead  of  which,  the  meaner  people  iile  llieep 


i\    the  coin  eiiieiue  ol    ii\eis.inil  w.itir-i.n: 


th.il     tl.iA 


.ii. 


il     .di 


I; 


ene.iii  .IS   in 


ihiiu^jh  11  is  dceine 


Ikiiis,  and  oilur  liu  h  delences,  and  .ire  nmer.illy  heller 

provided  with  clo.ilhin^,  behttmn  their  condilioii,   and  1  ne  princil 

the  clmiaie  the\    live  in,   th.in   the   coinnion  |i'  opie  in     iiu  r,   .uid  M.: 

mofi  other  parts  of  Europe  ;   thiiii[;li,   whm 

led 


ne  iirincipal  I. ikes  in 


Sweden  are  ;he  W'tier,  W. 


e  am,'  lie; 


I., ike  \eUer  is  ni  ()llro<_;othia,  or  E.id  f.othhiiul,  .mil 


or  l.iilure 


apneiis,  it  ulu.ilh  iiiovc 


ipp' 


Is  ri-inark.ihle  f  n   iis  loietell 


li    If 


inns,   l)\  ,1  c  .III 


Inms  1 


he  lols  of  noles,  or  olln  r  nieiiiliei 


il  ihii 


nileiiii'j    nolle,  the  i|.i\   bclore,  in  that 


nine 


)f  life,  iinlils  tliC  iilual  reineiK  to  exjirl  tlie  (roll,     ii  r   lioni    wheiue    \\w\  .nile;  .is   alfo  for  the  fiidi 


vhcn  It  has  lei/.ed.iny  part,  be  cirefu 


is  to  remain  in  the  lold,  and  rub 
Inow-  till  tlie  blood  reiurn.s  to  it  ai;ain. 


jiplied,  which     Ine.ikiii;;  ol  the  ii  e  upon  it,  which  (omeiimes  lurpii:- 


the  pan  allecled  wit! 


1     tr.ivdh  rs,  and  in  li.ill   an  hour  hi 
■!v  d 


comes  iiavii;,ihl 


1: 


The 


Ihe   year,   tlioujih  re''iil.ir   111  ihciii- 


is  citremely  deep,   liein.;  in  loine  pl.ices  above  33" 
o  p.irt  of  the  Hallic   lea  exceeds  (;o. 


feUes,  do  not  allo^elhcranlwer  thole  ol  oilier  dun. lies,     lupphcs  ihe    1  iver  .Moi.d.i,  which  runs   ihromili    .Nei- 


F 


rem  li  am 


had 


idor  oblerved,  who,  in  r.iiIKi^ 


■u    11    W.ls  ,1  1.1 


)f 


ao  ivc 


30  fc 


there  w'(  re  in  Sweden  oiiK  nine  111011  ths  w  inter,  .1  ml  all     fniie  w  inuis  is  Io  dio.iked  up  with  ice.  that  lor 


the  relt 
vers   loi 


.r:  for  a.s  winter  coiiiiniiiil\-  In  i;ins 


hum  s  no  w.iiei 


luimiier  iiiiiiudiatcly    liicci 
ir    no    fjiace  to    be   called  fpri 


l:e    III  olid  I  s   III 


Well 


Tl 


ml   w Inch  nine 


ihc 


lonolli 
er  Elv 


a.   or  Wdt  Coihl'Ml, 


prodiiclions,   therefore,  of  the   earth    oii;;lit   to  he,   as     ne.ir  da  (eel,  and  palies  Goiteiihur 


ing 


iown  a  roes 


till  y 
more 


re.illv  are,  more 
outhern  coiiniiU' 


(peed 


V    in  their  arow 


tb   th 


1  In-  iliird  emiilies  itielf  at  Sloe 


kl 


lohn,  and  Inrrilll 


the  realoii  of  which  f 


eeins  to     one  lide  o 


(   the  town  wiih   (redi  water,  as  the  I  .1  iln' 


lie,  that  the  oil  anil 


the  tr 


fiilpl 


iiir  111  til"  I 


ree:,  and  minciah  it  piodiK.cs)  Uei 


anil  ( 


IS  .ippe.ir- 


ihi-  oiher  wiili 


l.ili.     TiH'le,  and  ahund.i 


)f  odio 


'd  up 


lieieoi   iimiy,  like  ponds,  have  no    veni,  a"' 


if;  ' 


f\^ 


.  cr.ncR  APiiv. 

it  lici  iIk  \    nlil.iili, 

s,  liir  iliiir  ui'.ilib    ii'  fldin, 

lo  1)1'  In  c'd,  iiiid  Clinic, 

)\»S,     III  t.lll    .ll    llllllll'  ; 

(lulKil  villi  iIkh  liK-, 
I  1)1 'lom  will-, 
ii^s  li.ippi'ii  c'v'iy  (I. IV, 
1  wli.ii  tilings  to  |ir.i\. 
1  llic  llri'iK  wi-  ro.iiii ; 
li.is  ,\  ecit.iin  liomc  ; 
ml  til"  iiiucri.iiii  iilatc, 

.ILiVllT^  t\  'l\    JMIC. 

Inn  liw  i,i|i  I  I  '1, 
ol   nun  aic  bliiiil." 


I: 


rutlden  acluiitrd  liv  ijic  \w..i 
rontmu.illy  IImhv,  .n.d  il.,  >,. 
Iiiii'  (l.i\-,  ami  niiii;;  k.  im.. 
lliciiiii„iti'.  Ill  ill,  liiiiMh  r 
id  willi  a  v.iiii  ly  ol'  ||,mc-,_ 
M-rljip  ad  wlih  llr,i>\!)cni:  , 

rtllilll  i^lOW  upon  I'ViTV   llH■^. 

.iru  bioui^lit  Id  no,n!  pi'ilr^:. 
ipncois,  |)ivf|u-s,  ,in,l  (itJHt 
s  Icwri'i-  .1-.  uraii^is.  1 1;-  ,• 
'It.,  and  In  i.r  mlcialiU  ^  i.ni, 
ir  apple., .  .  lis,  and  j  hniii  .; 
iiiiiiii,  iini  urij.iallid.  r.iit 
ilcllU,    .lli.l   lulllllljuli;  IllUih 

jiuiir  pi.'oplc. 

loiill.s  ii\  (.rlprcad  much  i.t 
r  llu:  nivll  pail  of  ]iiiu  ■,  l;r, 
pvr,  and  lniiic  uak  ;  I'lpci  i- 
•kiii^  111  lii.illi  {'iiiilil.iiul ;  li;; 
l.ui's  111  fluli-  tii'^rdk  r,  aiul 
ill,  tliai  ill-  uoikI.',  ail  li.ir.  c- 
I  a  p  ^luiliil  and  ilii'  i|i  I  ■- 
V  CI ,  II I  ail  and  tall,  arc  cil.- 
r  tit  lur  all  iilc. ,  Id  lltai  il  r 
c,  ho.iids  and  mall,.  I>ir  ti\,t 
;;  ioil  a.  tlinl'c  iif  \iii,\.i,. 
I  .  die  wiiod.  arc  nuKi.  Il- 
l.i  well  liipphcd  IVimi  liniaia 
I  c  id  1 1\  cr>  and  «ati  r -i  .ii;  - 
i.iiioal  ,ili  i\  c  I;  \  11,11,  i  . 
lu^li  II  i,s  deemed  mil  li.ill  .n 

Sweden  arc  die  \'e;tor,   W. 

ii;'>iliia,i)r  Kafl  f.oililaiul, ,i;iii 
lelliiiL;  lit  ll.iriiis,  1)\  .i  t  ■!!'  - 
tie  ila\  bcl'ire,  in  that  |  i  ir- 
1  lie;  ,i,s  alio  lur  tlie  lu.i  i  i 
It,  which  liimciinu'-.  Turpi  1.- 
Iioiir  bceonics  navi^.iblc  1' 
III  liimc  places  abiivc  '^D''  1 1- 
lie  Haliic  lea  exceeds  r,o.  1: 
1,  which  runs  tliroui;li  NC- 
i!l  of  ah  ive  30  Icct  ;  .iiui  '.-^ 
d  up  uiih  ice.   that  lor  ii.ii  \ 

loHoihia,  (ir  Well  CoiIiI'm!, 
er  Elvc,  jailing  ddwii  a  roe. 
Jiiiteiihurii. 

r  at  Slockholcii,  and  lurrilh  ■ 
i)  Irelh  water,  as  ilic  I  1  d"  ' 
•le,  and  aliiiiidaiicc  id"  iidi;' 
.c  ponds,  have  no  vent,  an' 
well 


\. 


•t^! 


11 


li 


*(• 


1            1 

< 

t 

1 

1 

j 

; 

t 

i 

1 

iib 

1  ' 

iiROPr.] 


S     W     I.     1)     F.     N'. 


C\i 


vi.ll  lloriil   with  a  varici)'  or  Hfli :  as  l.ilmoii,  \)\W, 
lu'iili,  liiitl),  iroiit,  ci  U,  ;iml  iii.iiiy   oilur  Icris,  iiii    | 
Liiovvri   iirowiirn- J   iif  V.\\\k\\    tllf  llHill    lili'litllill  l^  iIk'  | 
lliv.imliii.;,  ii  lilli  IlIs  lliHri  llic  piUh.ird,  ukcii  tii  v^rcal 
ilii.iiiniii.s,  l.ilicil   Ml  h.iruK,  iiiiil  ilillriliiiud  all  t)Vfr  j 
the  ('iiunii\. 

Tlic  i;iill;li  ol  liiil\M(|,  wlmli  ri|)jr^iti-s  Swidiii  from 
lli.il  \iioviiici',  ,iliiiiiii(l>  w  nil  |ial<,  111   \vlm  li  .1  I  (Hilidi'.  j 
r.ilili.- iiii.iniiiy  <jl  ii  mi-uil  i^  iii.iil>- .iii.l  i  \|)(irti  d:  .iiid  ' 
ill  ilu-  l.iki'i   of  I'iiil.md  aic  vail  (jii.iiiiitu  >  nl  \nW,  , 
uliii  li  till')  l.ili,  dr\ ,  and  Ml  M  \  >  r)  i  Ikap  laus.    I'lu  Ic  . 
lako  arc  til' ureal  nil- loi  iIil- Ldiui'iiicnti' of  rarii.incj 
III   luiniiur  liy   boats  a;id  in  wmtiT  l)v   lltd'^i's;  and  , 
anioiii;  iliiin,  on  ilu-   Ir  i-i  .i.ill,  arc  aim, ill    iiitimiu:- 
i.ihlr  liiili'  illaiui<,  loiiiv.'  I.I    wimli  ari-  inli.iliili'd,  loiii" 
imiiiliaiiiti-il,  liiit   cuvoix-l  wiili  wood,  and  oUicim  arc 
ini'tcK  liiiKii  rocks. 

riK'fivirs  id  Sweden  \\iU  hi' iiicntiuiu'il  \vlu'ii  we 
tome  lo  einiMUTaic  the  l.'.eral  provinces  and  dillruls. 
{■Diueiiiin.;  tlie  loll  dl  Sweden,  an  iri:;enions  ti.i- 
\cller  lavs  "  1  ''""'^  il  nvay  bo  very  jiilliy  aliened, 
tli.it  not  one  twentieili  pin  of  this  country  is  in  a 
ll.iie  lo  be  cullivalcd.  I  liavc  travelled  near  700  Klij^- 
lilli  miles  111  till'  kin.;dom,  and,  e\ee|it  in  llie  pioviiue 
,i|  Seiiii.i,  iiid  in  li-me  puis  of  !■  inl.iiiil,  did  not  lee 
t  J  acres  ol  j;ood  l.iiid  1\  iii;;  to;;rilur.  | 

■['lie  foil,  li'iweser,  in  j)!''  ■.  •  e.ipal)!.'  of  cnltiv.ilioM,  is 
tiller. ibl\  liiiufiil.tliDii  'Ji  le III  1111  .il)i)\e  li.ilfa  f  ml  deep;  j 
and  Ireii'ienil)  tlie  barren  !.:nd,  beiir.;  einulud  In  ilu' 
allii*  of  ibe  trees  hiirnt  on  the  plai  c  .  wbere  ihey  '.^row, 
and  lie  feed  raked  aniont;  tiie  allies,  prodm  es  a  pit  mi. 
lid  ciop,  \Mtliont  fiutbei  cnlttvuiion.  Tins  |iratlice 
is  II)  atiei  lit,  thai  ilnir  writer.s  derive  tli.-  ii.imc  of 
Sweden  from  a  word  in  tlieir  l.\n.;iia^t:  that  e.Nprelles 
It;  bui  the  limber  of  ileni.iyin:>  the  woods  lia. ,  cf  kn  , 
(iceaiioiied  tome  law  I  1  Innii  ih.ii  eiilloin.  If  the  m- 
lidiii. lilts  were  indulhiou-  above  wliai  lueellitv'  lorees 
them  lo,  lliey  nii.;h!,  at  kail  have  corn  liillieient  of 
their  oven  ;  but  as  ihim;s  aro  ni.ina'.;ed  t!ie\  have  not  ; 
iior  can  they  filblill,  witliont  f;real  iniponatioiis  of  all 
fort.s  of  erain  ;  .ii'd  nniwuli'.iatidin<4ihele  fnpplu-s,  the 
poorer  fort,  in  inanv  places  remoie  liom  tr.illie,  are 
ol)li"ed  lo  i;riiid  the  bark  id  bireh-ireis  10  iiii\  with 
then  ccn-ii,  and  uiak'-  bre.id,  of  whieii  ihey  iiave  not 
alwav^  plenty. 

.\'^  in  other  northern  coiintries  ihecatlK-  are  t;.ne- 
r.iliv  of  a  vrry  Imall  li/e:  in  nlier  can  the  breed  be 
beliered  bv  brin^iiij;  111  l.ir,;r  from  abroad,  which  loon 
de  ■'•iieiatc;  b'  cuile  in  Li'iiiiier  the  ';rals  is  nun h  \c\s 
nonrilbini;  tl'.aii  in  ihe  pi.i  r~  fiom  whence  ihev  cinie, 
and  in  wiiilcr  thev  aie  iii':.ll\  ImH  llarved  lor  w.iiil  of 
fi.ildei  of  all  kiiuiv,  wiruli  uli.ii  fill-,  f)  very  Ih  Tt.lhai 
ihev  aie  forced  to  unlliati.!i  their  luiiiies  to  k(  ep  ,1 
pait  of  llKir  cattle  air.  e.  Their  llieep  bear  a  verv 
toirle  wo-.l,  onlv  lit  lo  f.i.ike  cloa;l'.in,:^  lor  ilu'  pea- 
laiiis  'I'lKir  horfes,  efpecially  thole  of  linland,  are 
hardv,  \  Uorous,  llion^;,  lure  fooled,  and  nimble  trot- 
icrs'whuhl.  ot  j^real  ule  10  the  people,  becanle  of 
the  len;;ih  of  their  winter,  and  the  liinefs  of  thelt' 
horles  for  Hedges,  v.huh  are  their  only  carria.;es  in 
th.il  fealon.  In  w.ir  then  h- irle.  are  not  only  able  10 
nlill,  bill  iveii   to  Ineak  a   1  ody   ol   the  beil  Cierman 

cavabv. 

The  farmer,  in  fome  ii.iri.i  of  Swden,  wlu-n  the 
winur.s  are  uncommonly  lev  ere,  and  the  cattle  alnioll 
llarved,  in  order  10  iioiirifii  tl-.em,  and  caiile  the  ladder 
to  hold  out  liiniii'.;  I'.M  h  .don,  n-ake  l,i\-h:;  that  is, 
tliev  1k>i1  ahoul  ,H)aiull.;l  of  li,iy  iu  lluee  'gallons  of  wa- 
tci,  and  the  dunk  ih-.i'^  ni.nl  ■  is  lo  eMiemely  iiutri- 
live,  that  IV  iiouiiliu- the  cattle  a!ioiiilliiii-!y,  reple- 
riilli'es  tlie  udders  ol  ihe  co>v-wu!i  a  piodinioiis  (piaii- 
liiv  of  milk,  and  ni.dxe.s  one  tnll^  id  fodder  ■.; 0  a.s  lar 
as'len  would  olherwde  do.  II  ihisw.is  tried  in  I'.ii,.;- 
fuid,  upon  liinilar  ocealioii.-,  il  might  prove  a  beiie- 
liti.d  e\i'i  rimeiit. 

Swtdi-n  piodiice;  elks  bears,  v.oKes,  deers  b.are;-, 
foNcs,  wild  cats,  hpmril.,  tS,-c.  and  tlufe  aief.unted 
tuket  lot  their  llelh,  Ikins,  or  furs;  llic  Swcdillrhuiill- 


iiiien  ufm^  guns,  and  being  in  general  C";ccllcnt  inaikl- 

I IIICII. 

I      'I'lie   Swedilh    fipiirrt  1    is   fonvwhat   thicker   than  .» 

I  wcalel,  but  not  (piite  lo  lomr.  He  is  ol  a  uddilli  colour 
cm  the  tipper  part  ol  the  head  and  b.n  k,  bin  on  the 
bellv  is  white.  I  he  tail  is  lon^  and  bull.),  which  be- 
lli!^ nil  iied  over  his  ii.u  k,iN  lullu  leni  todiaiie  it;  whence 
the  I. ami  luiine  Sciuiiis,  whidi  lii;nilies  a  lli.ule. 

'Ihis  aniii<al  III .  upon  I  i,  liacUide'whi  11  lie  'eeds, 
k.yiim  hold  (d  ihe  pn.Mlion  with  lii>  fore  leet,  and  piit- 
tiiii;  II  iiiio  bi.s  inoiiib.  lie  lives  upon  nuts  and  ncoins 
ol  ,ill  kinds,  but  is  moll  fond  of  ha/el  nuts,  wliitli  he 
,',.iihcr,  ill  the  proper  lealon,  and  hoards  ii|)  .inainll 
wnii,  r.  Sijiiirrels  ,iri'  i;enerall\  lo  be  nut  with  iijuiii 
tliev,  wh'ie  they  build  their  liells,  and  lirili:;  up  their 
vonni;.  TIil'\-  can  lia|)  very  rcadil)  liom  boii;;h  t(i 
bi>ii:;li,  and  fomeiiines  liom  liec  lo  tiee,al  which  lime 
tluy  iile  ihiir  tails  iiilKad  ol  vciii;;s;  lui  it  i.s  of  great 
blip  in  keepiiii;  ihein  liom  linkiii.;. 

I'oiiltrv  o(  vaiioiis  kinds  are  reared  ir,  Sweden.  Of 
game  there  is  plenty,  both  of  land  .i.id  water-fowl; 
particul.iily  paririif.;e.s,    and  a    birtl  called  a  yerjicr, 

jwliuh  releinbles  the  paitrid^^e. 

I  The  orra  is  a  lowl  of  the  li/e  of  .1  Inn,  and  the  l;edcr 
is  very  iie.ir  as  bii;  ,\s  a  tin  key.  In  winter  the  Swedilli 
Iporlfmen  amiile  thendelv  (  with  killiiii^  blackbiids 
thriillies  i;nd   Ivd,  nlu.iiis ;   ihe   kilter  beni'5   beantilnl 

'  birdv,  liimpmoully  airased  in  j;or;',eoiis  plumes,  vvhicll 
.lie  hiii-ly  tipped  wiih  learlel:  thev  are  alionl  the  li/.c 
of  lleUllares,  and  their  llelh  is  ol  ,1  moll  exipiilile  lla- 

,  vour.  I'iaeon.s  are  fcarcc,  on  accoiini  of  th.e  threat 
iiiimber  of  voracious  liird.s  which  dellroy  them. 

I  Tlie  eagle  is  till  moll  reinark.ihle  bird  of  juev.  Thii 
!  bird  is  of  a  l.ir;;e  li/.e,   verv  Itroin;,  and  can  nev  -r  b'j 

tanii  d  like  tiic  haw  k  in  order  lo  p.urlue  i;ame  ;   „nd  il  ii 

murb  more  map  llic  in  nppe  iraiu  e  llvni  ilie  viiluirc. 

j      '1  heeai^lc  piiiicipa!!\  inlialm.s  niaccelilhle  m  uinl  nils-, 

'and    loolls   -m   the  l.i!i;   Il   trees,   beiii",  fond  of  Incli 

.pi. ices  as  are  lead  fr;  i;'i- nteci  l;v  inaiikind.      Ilovcever, 

a-,  biids,  ,is  well  as  oilier  animals,  are  louiiil  in  '.greater 

plenty  round  thi'  habiuiions  of  men,  the  c.itile  is  fome- 

!  iniie.s  induced  to  Itequent  tluilc  places  lor  the  conveni- 

jence  ol  its  prey.     I'liev  live  iiiueli  on  Idli,  cr.ibs,  tor- 

.loiles,  wild-ducks,  iioiilirv,  pi;;eoiis,  and  the  like.  They 

ih.ive  been  knoAii  net  to  Ipare  even  t'v.ir  own  fpeeic', 

\  when  prelli  il  w  ill;  Imiver.    Thev'  attack  nvt  oiil)  lambs 

'and  yoiiiii4  i;oat',  Lnit  1  Jinetimes  d.er,  lh;ep,  and  even 

i  horned  cattle.     Thev  buihl  their  tied-,  on  the  moll  iii- 

accellible  ]>au>  of  rocks,  iunl  the  h.i'.hell  trees,  fome  of 

which  have  been  found  111. ai  !is  le.  1  in  dianieler.    Th.ev 

aie  uliiall)'  lined  with  the  l'..iir  ol   fixes,  \vool,  or  ihe 

fiir  of  lures  and   rabbits,  lo  kee[)  the  e^.;s  warm,  of 

which  the  female  generally  l.iys  two,  or  lomctimes  ihiTe 

. ;  ,il  a  time,  and  batch.es  them  in  th.irtv  il.iv  s,  duriiv;  wliieh 

II  time  the  male  lup.plie>  Ikt  with  loo.l.  .\s  loon  as  the 
]j)oiir.:;  ones  are  pui.luced,  ll-.c  oUl  hiconie  remark.ihly 
h  imli  hievous,  and  i.le!lri)v  l.imbs  andp'Uihrv  lor  I.  ver.d 

miles  round  iheni.  'I'Ik^-  olieii  Inuii;  h.ues  and  par- 
^  liulj;es  alive  to  their  vouiii;,  to  rei;ale  lliem  with  the 
1  lel.ili  (d'  w.iriii  blood.  The  coiiiitrv  folks  lonu'tiine.>i 
]i.iv.iil  theinielves  of  thefe  provilioiis,  l)>  l.ii.'ii;;  il  Iroiii 
■ '  the  eaglets  in  the  ableiice  of  the  old  one.<,  and  earrvimr 
,  il  home  lor  their  own  ule. 
''      'J'lie  vulture  dilleis  Irom  tlie  ci'^le  in  not  having  its 

beak  turned  immcdiatelv   crook,  d    Irom  the. root,    it 

^  coin iiiu ill'.;  Ilr.iit  to  ihe  len^lh  of  tuo  inches.    Il  is  much 

'nune  la/.v  than  the  e.ii;ie,  .iiid  fond  of  carrion,  which 

llie  e.inle  will  not  loin  ii.  However,  thev  (ney  upon 
,  lise  birds,  hires,  kub,  f.;-,  n.-,  <Ve.  il  the,  cm  ^a 
^tlieni;  and  il  not,  e.il  aii\  liUh  lliat  comes  i;i  llieu 
!  w.iv. 

I  he  hawk  has  v.in^s  lo  loii'.;  as  to  re.nli  t  >  the  end 
,  of  the  t.iil,  wir.eh  releiiililes  ih.t  of  a  IpaM  p\>  Inv. !.. 
;  The  bcik  is  p.iiiis  blue  e.iid  p.inlv  v  1 11  iw  ;  ih.e  h  it  are 
i  of  .1  pale  ,!;reeli;   ihe  toes  are  ll.nd.-r;  the  t.il  ".'.■•  kiis;e, 

Ih.irp,  and  ikiikiib  ;   the  bre.ill,  b'.  li\ ,  .'.iid  ti.i  ,n-,  ulute, 
'  lire. iked  wiih  bhick;   the  iiei  k,  h -.el-.,  w  !n:;^,  .in.l  head 
re  blow  11, and  the  laiier  is  llauiih  ai  il.c  top:  the  1.1  I 

is 


•     'J 


)     ,j 


',*:- 


r  li 


i 


V  ilH 


I 


I    ■■       !  i 


ri3         A  XrW,  RO^•AI 


Ai  riir.XTir  svi^itm  o;  r\i\F.Rs\i.  r.r.or.R apiiy. 


is  il  a  li^ht  l)ri)\\  n,  w  i;li  !il,i;A  liiu  s  iiMinin  '  ;u  i ,)!'.  il ;  .   cililv  iiiouiul :   ami  w  lu'ii  liidu.'-lu  linliliT.! 


.11 


■-  ;'iM  U\  I  .11 1 


■[  a\ 


ni'iu  ml'  M 


y  to  the  (Irr, 
ir.    S.inu' \i  .us      it    ii.ukl.v,   liuill-.,   .mil   cslialrs  a   iKlphiuiDus  rnuH 


a  Ml  a   li.iwk   u,is   kiiuil  in  linl.'.ii'l,  uliii.ii  iiad  a  plalf  i   ,iii(l  ioinctiiiu's  Iniiils  li.;hil>',     'I'liis  luiid  I 


(j|    oolil  (111   <i|K'    Iv'; 


la  pla;.'  cf  I 


Oil  ll 
R,.i   • 


■    1    MllKl-    U.l>    li 

v. iiuli,   11'.   r.r.i 


I 


il\i."r  on  ihi-  (i.laT.  i   iwo  lliiuls  dI   iilwr.      'liii.'  rc(l  lilv( 


"rt  I'Diu.i 
r  im-  is  li)iin.'i 


ri'iKli  iiiU  ri|iiuin  :   (n  !uis  au 
:lli,  iiuplks,  "  I   IjiIoii;;  lu  ;'ik' 


ll'  a  !:i;lu.'r,  ami  ioiuctiiiiL'.s  ot'a  ilripor  IraiJct 


mil'; 


l\'r   Inll  C.il; 


l^  li.uil|)a:Tiit,  like  a  mnirt,  and  h,u  b. 


ami  I'll  ilx'  lj;:i  1 ,  w iio  u 


■.ills  iluk' in  ll.i'  l.mu'     tmll.'.ki'n  I'.m   i,  iii!:MH'iit  tiniMbar;   ai 


in   li.i 'c: 


Due    (Ir    (.'In  \  K  llU-  IlK-    '-.lull';"     wimll        (.-.ik-    il    l^   (ll     ,1   ill 


llH.'    Ia'I;,,! 


■.i,i\    Iv-   I'iii.'.   ii.inlk.K 


1  11 


is  (..lliiii'iiilli  ll 


iuiS  In   11. :\  ip^  a  uu  ; 


Tl 


ll.      1 


■r  L 


U   l^  he  ivk  |-  111. Ill  llu:  r,ii-_ 


i.,.\  i\  nil.'     iiuilionu  (111,  ii'ii  I'Mills  v,l;i.':i  Imn: 'lu  niMi- 


or  .1  iiuUI  Inc.  a;  'I  il.;'  u 


.11  ,,il 


lliiT  ran.uiiMis 


!';■  II    U   I  in;;  >   ;i   i,  I  i 


•  iiiiiiii;  ;i,irt  iiKils  Ik-;   r,.  ,( 


I    i^  ulil  lilv   .iImiI!    ^S       ,iI  U  !:IC 


iIht    v.  iili    a    il;n.k    i 


i:;;'i\'.il>!(.  i  ;u  li 


iii"i.c.     It   com.., .IS 


iiidii-s  lo;i.;,   lo'iii  ill,'  liLMii  111  [],!,■  iij)  (ll  iIk-  l.i;l,  wlicn      I'lr  l.iiiii.'  (]ii,.iit;;\   nl  liUtr  as  [lie  lioni)-  vw  iiil 
liij  iu'i:k  is  111. Ill;   Imt    \.\u«   \\\:   \\\w-s  au-  i.MrihUil,     lii'mil. 


i(  iiK'.iluK'-,  hiiiii  i'\:i  I  nii;\  in  i  \!ri;i;i!\ ,  i  .j  imli,  s,  or 


hi'  wl'iu'  liKir  oil'  is 


I ;  I.  r. 


.1  li'.;iu  !;ri'\-  colour,  of 


1  Coioui,  llic  111  c!v  ifil,  ll 


liroun,   ,ii;.l   IMC   \\i.i,'>  an-  <.r.ci 


l,l.-.l  uiili 


iiic,:;ii,.ir  l;.:i; 
I  .is   11.  't   on'-, 


].i\  ;iy  \M  1  ,lii\  ,  ami  \i-i\   lintil 


h.  H  k,  ami  \'.  h;U'. 


ii.C   hv.lk    l^    I 


■r  111   ii,   j.'ii   1, 


M.K  K,  li'.c  ll  n'''U'  Mm  ! 


I  I.K 


I-   I  .1  11 


■AW 


Is  11(1111  li.v:  u  liiiv'  I, 


ul  1.  ct  ^  cliou-    .iiiil  ll'.c  l.ili 


a  l,.!)l. 


■lu'.      lii  ii.i;i;in'. 


'I'i  >  r  m- 


iiiin\  o(  lil\  tf  II  coni.iiii.!.    li  ,1 . 


It  !.a^  ,il'.'.,;\  >  ll .  II  l.imiMi..,  1,11  i;^  laj'ai.  ilv  ,  .imJ  is  olicn      .in'  l!..'  priiuip.il   li!\cr  (  ii  ■^  Imli.iio  kii 


OUIl;     1    .;,!)     I, 


liii.nlioin.il  in'  ilic  a'K  ii'ins. 


•11 


us  llic  IpcaliiiV'  kill' 


'ii.'.i  liiiviK  ilic  il.ini;ii!i'i  M  \  u  mil  ii'oin  on  lii^li, 
111  >  ,11  a  li.ll.uui-,  ll  il'.c  piklU  .111'  iiij'.. 


.\i 


.IS  ao'iiiu' 


ni.i:)\'  oilii  1^  arc  kiokcd  upon  i)\   loiiu-  ;'s  lu-  h,  li, 
ilic\    coiil.iin   a   C(.iili>!cr.i!:li-    ijii:iii!;l\'   ol   l;l 
ihi  11   I'nr,'    i^   .il'i>\s   inou'  ,.|'  (illli  V  111   l.ils  .;! 
ih.ni,   llurii'.iK'  ll.'.y  lanm.l   i)ro:;ciu-  lie  c,il 


.III! 


Si!\cr  11'. 'x  lie  cifilv  cNtinli  ll  IV.ini  k.-.ul,  ny  m,  '; 


()\ 


111  I  n.iiim  S,  m.uK   \i  i;li  .ihii  s  in 


lllr  I'l 


Ml 


'I'l-.o  Has  of  .S'.iciK'ti 
M  ii!i  a  'ji   .11  \  .ii'ii  iV  ol 


uiv  i!n'  1,11-  nil  II  ll 


Has   h,;.) 


as  llic  n\  cr> 


a''  luiul     i.ic  ch.iniii  I 


1'.  IS  the  pini 


.1,  r.iiiii 
.111. In:  '     iioi;    ll  .;i  h,  1 1 


l.;'.;iioii. 


.SiUcr  is  li.ir'lcr  i;..iii  i;"!.],  but  n,,i  f,  i|i;;t,U 


^,   ll  .1 '  ^,  i\  I . 


u.i>.iii'  io  ,ilniiu..!iii  ti:  u  s,:;l  ini.iiiii; 
<!i:i-.'  ior  I  .!.';   a:i.l   .;i,,;t   i.;;iii').i- 


1,1. C(l 


li.'jHcr  ili.m  t;o!il  or  Icail,  il 

i; 


wil''  re;  1  .  !  1 


11. lO  I, -is  til, 111  livi-  lo  Hill 


'I    11 


II 


\.ii:  r,  ■[ 


n'\    111. Ilk   |i\    llllpl.ni.;',ls  \  , 


(v.i;'.', 'i  i..  .1  ill  licioiis  lilli,  l:i;,i'A  r  ili.iii  ,1  pilili.ir,  or  1  il-  \.iil  ihlioUc  in  ,U|.i,'  Wnl.s,  Ind  n-u  in  ;uiui  rc;',i,i. 
Ci  ,ir  :  I  .lie  [ill  kk.l  ..iiii  liirri  ,1,  il,  lio:l-.  i,ii  lioi.ic  ion-  Wiun  ii  is  mivci  v.  iiii  co;ii:iu)n  i.,ii,  and 'ni'.!:. .!  it 
lii;:!;'li.''i   and   c  s];..i  i.iii.ui.       11;.-   ir.ini  o;!,  car.iil.d     luni-,  into  a  li,.H   ir.inlp  ir 


cm     l!l,:l^    11 


M  ilic  ;c.us,-is  a  \  .il'.Mii..'  .ir'i 
,1 


I,. 


.c  iMnt,  \vi  'Cii 


.1   ll. 
.Sucil  n   .ihoiimls  u  Iiil  cw  kc.it  nunc 


'I  he   I'loii'hi    1) , 


lO     I    'vci-   ,,.    ,111 


aid  III  .1  \  ll 


'111, I  Ir-  V.  ill  ,;!l   ill 


ol    ill.  IC    IV    U 


•leill 


ii\  ^  r  iiniie   IMP)  w  iKiii  u.ii ! 


.1    (lo.\  11    in   h.iiivcts  Pi 


.11 


\i  I'll  ll      .ml  Ihe  CI  \ 


I  ih 


1  lii  .iijii.i  r.ii i!v  i 

ir.'  VCI  \'  c, ,;  1,  .i; 


I  m  'i  ,)c  tin  , 


,1 


is  I  0-,  kid'oiTv  under '.;roiind:   llie  rool  li  .  ic  i~  ,in  lii;li     in  ;  Inner  Piite.    Wiien  ,ir;  ImI  lo  ;ii.    [l..i  i,  ih 
a>  a  c'.uri  h,   I  I'pv.  >ned  In    \ 


tiie  ilclcc 
r.l.o\  c  .;: 
tiie  I'.iil 


.ircl.cv  ol   o.ni  ;   il':iiie     .111  in;;  ;  >  llioii  1.1,.- I,  .It  "I  .1  I  'ici.:.;  I  oil,  ,iml  111  ;',    ,;i 
I--,  or  I)  .ikcl.,  lo  ilie  loui  il  meie.      cii.ii    ol'  a  liki,  k  i  , 'I,  ii;r.      '1     .■   lol;;;:.in   ol'liUii    ,. .  I 


\   lia\  c  11.1  1 V 


.  I  r\-  111,1   1    ol    l! 


,1  .iiici.  Ill  a\      1111 II    .i!i\     IP.iii  ' 


'ic.ii   copper      (liMiP  (I 


iv  I, lien  uliil  I, 


lie,  u '.;  .  h  mil  I  iw 


i(U  li.ivc  Pecil   I 


iilijin  \  lelils  ,ilio\  c 


11.'    U'Tk    ol     111.111'. 

our  j\  r  cm.  .in, I 


.111  I   I    er, 

I  i.i'.i  !ir  l! 
I. 


,ie     V.llell    1)1 


,iir. 


'I'l 


v.iil   null    111    .1   vi  r\-  in,.dernie  l-.cal   licloi 


re, 


am 


1  r. 


1111    a 


illl    iimI'-  ;   it  is  ll 


.mrcs    ,UMt  p:i,!iv  1.)  riline  it.     'l'lie\   .nc  .ilki  at  llie     \>iv   loi    llic  ule  ol    lui;.;  iii;  ,  ..iid  is  i.iilnl   tl'.i    1; 


L'l,..r'eol   .1   \i.;ler  i!e!l    !o  iliMiii   the  iiiiiies     .md  li  ivc      c.iiillic 


liei;   l,t  ol  .iiiolli,  r  lo  ,|i,iw  ii'i  the  i>r. 


r 


■il 


I  inm  rl,  pi.c.l.iecd  bclu  i 


f;l 


;rc.il  cop'v  r  iiiiiie   is  aho 


lit   H,.,  ''.Ill; 


J  .111,1   O,  3-  .'  ol  I, lie 


.i;  cMiiu,  hill  ImI';  i!  1  I  d.iiiM'^cs  |i\  the  I,. 


I  I    i\\  11'-,  .11 11!  11.1 'K  ;  .iiiil  l!ii   klli'^  ii.id  .111  e\eiii;  l;,iii       ill  ol    llic  lii.il  ;    \  i  1   lll.U   1.  I  I'lu  I 


ill-  .  Il  COir.p  -ll!     1   I' 


111   ills  l,l\  o;ir, 


Pi  llli    .lll.Cl,'  1   to   pill  I  ,1,1 


le    \\l,.il.\er      ll 


e  .iliiilK.i; 


>\  oie  ul 


11.  ;i  1.  e   rill  .ed  pil:  irs 


<p;  i!P.i:\   I.e  ili  .  i  ;lu  proper  ol  V,  .ni.l  1  i  p  u   diu 

11 


lorih      I; 


■  ry  i;i\.ii.      1: 


11,    ll  is  ciler  inlorin-. 


oCC.tlloll   ol     1! 


riiii  .1  1)  me  il.oiu  i; 


U  !s  ih.iii  li:e  lii'i  iiilic  \  .line.      .V 

1I-,   tint   ihi.s   n,.ii.'   iv,  .It   pick  111,   nun  ll  ili;niiii(licd  111     i.ntli.iiid   Ikiic-,   lio.iij'.i  o'lt  of  ih-  ii.iii.',   ii:   'i  i!v. 


.IIP    e\ll.r,l|li 


II. 


lollll.l     0\  I'r    It  ;     i.\       \il.l. 


it  nun   not  he  iiiipro'i  r,   in  ihb  pl.ue,   i  i  delenlie  t!u      i  li,iri;,.  ,1,  .in. I  ei 


liu  t;il  c  illcil  ll.'.  el,   .;r,;i 
(loin  u  111.  !i  It  |N    no, I'll 


ii.iluie  ol   ilie  v,:iioUs  ores 


ll,.-,    lli,;t   III,'  I'l'ilii  ,11 
:s   111  link  ,  lii.il  ill.  \' 


ilie    p,.l,ii>   I'cconi  ■   I 
he  re. don  ol    I'lis  is  i , 


Pole  u  l;o  are  coiu  1 1 ; 


ll  e  111  I    inlc  III  u  (11  k  it  oil 


.'>"         i>  .1  11'  ,!ile  ,in,i  p'.-i  r,(l  111,  Pil,  of  ,1  uliite  (lii;i-      mi  ,l;t,  .iii.l  lo  icimn  o  lli,-  i  .iiiliilhio  ,i  im  i.iter  lill' 


II',  '  colour    loiioroiis  ami  ilm  P. 


Iiiit 


'I  1.      Il  is  kinieleiic  s  I'liii'l   in  liiLill  iii.i'l    .  ol    11 


'I  I  I  |ii|lei  I  .Is      .md   null  N  p 


il.i    awl, 


km  ;  ell  ii'-s  ,i  co'il.il  ■•    '   e  p.ui 
to  iki    I  lou  i!   I'roin   tills  iiiiiie,   i; 


(iilP-r,  III  Ilia  pes,  liii:  ni  li  i  .immonU'  lik,'  likr'.eiiis  .m  i      I;,  \  i  d  il  u  ill,  I'l  ,i  I   v,   \i  ;:  s,  he  at  ,i  Ikiii-I,  i  Ipci  i,ik    ,l' 
fi  .lies  in  liM'ral  loris  ui  IL'hics  and  ni  mil,  ,iii,.l  in  ni.iir,      i!      d.li.;iiso|   in.il,  ii 
loll  •        k.mi.  -,ilii  1,-.   t 


uliicli  :iri'  on  io,)t 


,111'     lolil.lll. 


Tie    \ 


tri  ,111   111'  I  r   1  i   ol   an   ii  ree'il 


;r    lor 


111,    ver\ 


ii.iie  oiii  ol  iliu  imii,'  ,i'i,,iimis  lo  ihc  s.ilu-  ol 


vci'.'hlv,  .mil  iii:i'   1  e  ciliU'  Ikilli  d  u  itli  .i  li,i'imier ;   lor      .!  "13,33^1.   ol  uliieli  ih,'  kin  ■  I 


i.is  ;i  t,,inlli  |Vil  I,   i;, 


Hot   inui  !i    i;  II  I,  r  lli.m  k  ,id,   .md  is  n.u,  h  of  il;e      u.u  ol    pre-i  ii.i.tioii,   I,  it    in    kiiel  ;    I;.  Iiili 


kii   '.ll 


le.id.      ll  i;.   ll.  pi 

c  mhlls  oi    ii|lpl.,ir,    ri,l 


I  :i  ri,i|,iii  ll  Is  oil,  II  lull 

e  !■,  ,  ,iml  ll  HI    i|  ir,',  i  I .  l-lio 


II  lor      ll  I  -,    iiiioii    Ilie    1  cm  ill,  i    r,     i    i  u 


I.     Il      aU 


11    II    Is    i\n 


,11.  d 


mm  I  1,1  'lit. 


II, ,11 
M, 


line  iilvi  r,  aicl  .Pun  c   ilnee 


'Illl, 


.1   I; 


II,'   nil, I  Sucdi'ii,   uith  |:r  ;•  .  t 


•  jil.ii'' I  '  "I    11  isliUii.       Ihe  lioiny  III    ei    ore   is  liill      I- 1  iii,ike  copper  ,i  llio, ;.  i    iml  clie.ip   r  \i  ..v  ihinl.i.likl 
tr,illlp,nei;l,    .tml  ol    .l  d;  ep,  r  \  ellow    ,11    lirou  11  I  okiiir,       iken  liccil  pr.ii  l,led,    1,1    as    lo    Ml. ike    111  It    ill   li.,    111',., 


;u  idi-liii  '  .Is  il  coiilills  111    I 


U-',.'i  or  liii.iller  1 11  nips.     Ii      ulmli  li,  lore  i,  ipiin  d  llii,  e  uceks,   and  u  illi  one  !.l  !i 


ll))!,-  Ilk,'  rolri,  ,111(1  is  ol  .111  11  ll '^il.ir  lli.ip,'.      W'li   n      piitol   llu-  i  h  nco.il,  .iml  u  illi  I'eucr  hands.    'I'lie  1,  i- 
ciri  lull)   '\, inn  III  ,  I,   it  appi-.ii  s  to  conlill  ol   \'i  rv  I  Inn      ■;  nii  u.i-,  in  i,k',  ,in  i  lii<  leu.ird  lo  h 
l^kuc.      Il  Is  imt  \ciy   'iM-mjii)  or  li.u-l,   lor  it  iii,i\   be       Ihe  lull  illo   lie  mac 


le   liiccfcdcd  lu  a; 


•.FXX.RAPHY. 

\^Ul  rmliK'r.Is'  ID  l!;c  firr, 
Ji><  ;i  liilphunoiis  Inu'!!, 
'I'liis  IkikI  lorl  ((mi.iiiis 
1  lilwr  mo  is  lonn'iiiMcs 
'  a  ilvi-pcr  liMilct  tulour. 
ki'  a  '^.inul,  luiil  li.w  [)o-n 
.ihat;.;  ami  in  tiic  I.'i'm.i,! 
I  \s  luavit  r  ill, 111  l!u'  r,ir. 
::\  l)r()i:'^!it  lu-.ir  a  ciiiHo 
iiins;  11.111  iiK'liv  ii.  '  re  It 
s  a  lit  !■',;  wmMi,   i  :ii  11  it' 

uk     lili.'l.r.       k    f.Mll.,.  1-; 

ihc  1k)1i1)-  iu\'  ji:!t  i,'  ;;. 

1  li'.;'u  i;rc'v  culDur,  (li'.a 
lii\ ,  ami  \i"iv  liriiik'.  ![ 
■.<\<.  ki'.ii.'li'u  ^  i;'iiii-  111'  It 
nun  ll.>:  uluU'  mi.]  I  r  mi- 
.1  liUii-  il  iMHi.ii;!!.    1;    '  • 

lllili.  itO    klUIW  II;    ll\.l!    'i 

L  1)\   kmu'  ;'s  111'  il,  Ih  i-,ii.:^' 

■     ijlialllilV     cil     lllu  1  ;      Ir'lL 

.('  iillu  1'  111  'lals  aid',  ,  '.will 
pioij^lly  1);.'  calk  'l   l:\ji 

|.  (1  I'lMHi  '■-■.111,  nv  !!!■  ':'!i; 

I  s  111  ihr  I'liniiA ••.■,  a:;c!  ;;,.  a 

II  n.  ii'li)  ■-•kili,   Inks  ii,;o 
piii'i'  (il\-  r  I'.I  ill  1. 

,  hut  iKil  !')  i!i;:i.k-,  a;  !  !, 
kc  V  ci"J.;,  w  ilk  n'.;  :  '.  '.  t 
i'.vo  Id  n;n.^.  It  \.  il!  t;  I 
riil|iknr,',is  \ : ;)  mv  ■,  .i  1 
.,  lu.t  II' it  ill  aiiu  I  n-'\i<. 
;r,:noii  I   ii,  ami  ii.'.l;  >!,  it 

I     l■l.a^    ilk.'    IMni,     Wl   'V  il    !i 

I  C'vii'  ,1   -iiii,   ln.ia.ui.-  ■!  i,< 

■.•  V,  ill  all  ll\   av.ay.    \'-  '•    a 

i  lis  il  ;a  'i   'iH'  llii_,  [In:    '. , 

1,  ,ln  .',  aal  (il  i'l:  0  v        1- 

;.il  tD  ill.    Ikia,  lli.\    1      .  ■ 

111,1,!^  I'lal,  ami  iii.ik     .:i 

I  k-   |Mk.i;;.iii  (.!"  lilvi  1    ...  I 

1.   >-|'.   I    'll~,     V.i'.i  11     111";        'V 

ir  ik.  kair.  'I'ki  \  i  ■■■  - 
ik'iai.'  laal  IkIhu-  k.-, 
ill  nial'-  ;  il  l^  ll  n  I'N'- 
..lul   i.s  lailnl   ti\    k..   1 

aliDUt   ?...'  ''.tlioiiK  ik  ,  ,■, 
)  d.i;iia'.;cs  |i\   llu"  \.''w-  ,- 

!iu  tiiii  -  l^  (.■(iir,;)  n!  1  k; 
l'.  0  rui  •>  ll  I'll!  ir.s  ;, ;  k:, 
lis  i.  \ .  ry   i;:".  at.      1  :,.• 

I  ill!  'I  I  '  ili<-  ikiDW  i:  \  :ko 

Mt  111'  ll'.'  mill.-,  U[  'I  ill'.' 
Ik-    |''.kii.-   luDiii"  Cil- 

'f  !,  iIdii  (if  lll.s  is  I  i;  I  I  ) 
iIimIi-  \\  lai  arc  ii.iu  .  in  :, 
liiU'  Id  wdi  k  It  d11     >  I.;.  .' 

.ihilli  ll)  a  '.;ii-.;l.  |-  lin'   '  -■  : 

,1  tii'il'.il  '1  .'  k'  |iau  I  '   k'  ■ 
I'lmii   liii>  iiiiiii.',   il   i 
1).:  al  a  llaii'l,  i  Ipniak    .1 
1',  \\hich  an'  (III  I'l'ii  '  '.'- 

ii.'d.      '1'Ik-  r  i:'1hi  \    ai,' 

Mils  to  till'  \.llll  ■    111    .1 1 

lias  a  l.aiilli  ]'  ill,  nil  I'V 
kiii'l  i  k'.  inlr.  uii:  1',  k  ■ 
1  i  iillw.n  ul  '.'-,  1'  1  I.  ■■!. 
I  >I,'.  M  ii'.y  ',  .ais  ,  ,1.  a 
;,i  S'Ai'ik  11,  \Mtli  i:i  '■]  ■  ik'' 
,|  ilicap  r  vv..)  lliaii  Ilk  :■.,! 
D  make  ik  11  ill  i:>>'  ikr,  ■, 
'.Mil.s,  ami  Willi  DPI-  kkli 
iili  |i-\M  I  li.imls.  'I'll-,'  I'  I- 
inl  111  lis-  luj,'^  <o  I.III'.. ■  ■• 
le-L-J^il  lo  jdi.i;ia'.iiHi ;   i  ;  i 

V.1..11 


F.rROFF.] 


,S     \V     V.     D     F.     X. 


6.19 


(lull  lU'taine  to  wnrk  in  cprn'-n,  ami  liad  -'di  his  new  j'       ^\'lR-n  iron  i-i  mc'.trd,  it  i-i  formrd  into  l.irre  made 


ovens  nuili  toliis  iiiiiul,   llie  imiu  is,  as  lie  u)iM|-laiiie(l,  wlmli   are   loiii;  ami  lliuk,  anil  eDinmonlv  called  |-ii;s. 

iiiiktd  (lilt   liie  V(-r\    woill  oie,  and  wire  (iiluiw  ili- in  '  'I'liele  are  nulled  over   a'.^ain,  and  lliired  widi  an  iron 

{■nviDiis  and  unliacl  dile,  lliat  lie  killed  ol    liuiels,  ami  rod,  in  oidi-r  lo    reml-.r  iluin  iiiallealile.      Wink-  ilu  y 

1  lit  lll.s   ie>"ird:    nor  was   it  wiikaiiil   dilluiiliv   lliat   lie  •  arc  \  el  reil  liul,  tke)'   are   placed   under  liaininers,  ami 

olilaiiual  leave  lo  buy  "le,  and  pradile  Ins  iii\ enlioii  i  by  tliat  means  die  lieieroi;'  iioiis    panicles  arc  I'orced 

;il  I'i'.  <i\\  ll  I  liai;:e.     '                                                               I  av\a\  bv  the  repealed  I'rokes.      One  lort  of  iron  dilk  rs 

'i'kis   ihiiic,   liavellers   l-.ll    iis,   in   tlie   kill  renliirs',  i  .i^re.iily   Iroiii   anollier;   but    lliai    uliiili   is  toii-^l.i  II   m 

liiiipiiid  1111^11  ault  p.iilol    lairopc  \Mili  coppi  r  J   bin  li-ll  ;  and  iliat   wkicli   i.s   moll   liiiitle   is   word   ol    all. 

i.l  pieieiit  It  is  wo'k'd  In  \cr\  dic[),  li  at  il  i.s  beconie  i  llo-isever,  all  loits  ol  iron  ,ire  ol   ilie  lame  naiurej  and 


l-.Mreimlv    i\penll\e;    .iml    i;,dii'.;Ii    the    Die  Is  UllCDIll- 
iiidhIn   neb,   die  pinknc  is  i  unliilerabK  liimiiiilbed 


lev  arc  oiil)   iiiore  or  Ids  louna,  in  propoiuoii  to  the 
earthy,  \  iiiiolie,  and  liilpbiiruiis  p;.-ilieles  mi.seil  ilnic- 


(  opper    is  a  liai.l,    itjiolik    nui.il,   lo'ler    liiaii  hdii,  with.      Iron  belli'..',  ollen -n   ked  and  ckaiileil,  is  luriK  J 
and,   \>lu-n  I'o'ilk.il,   ol   a   lliiiiiii'.;  redilidi  coIdih.      it'    into   Heel;   lliiuii;!i   in   kune  cal-s,   bill     l.kiour  is   re- 

will  melt   III   ika   kie,   and   is  lo  (kiitik.-,  lliat  il  niiN'  be  ipiired   lor   ibal    i  'iipole,  and   i:i   oilieis  a   i;r.-.it   deal, 

be.aeli    into   cc-i'Iiiil;    tkin    ka\e-.       It   is   more  he-  \\  ben  iron  l. '.'cry  ;.;ood,  tiiey  niell  il  in  a  lui  naee,  ,ind 

(jiu  niK   I  on  ml  in  lis  me  la  I  he  I  niii  iliaii  mil,  ia  v  innas  ilirow-  in  gradn  ill\'  a  ini.Miiie  ot  Lipial   puis  ol   an  al- 

fli.ipi-s  ;   bill    lis    Die   iiev<'r  (lilliii^ii-llu-s    itk  II   h-,  aii\  k  iloii.-;   Iiii,  iind  blin-js  ol'  Ua.l,    wiili   li.e    i.iljiii'^s  of 

I  cii.iiii  I;^iiie,  I'.ir  i'  is   aimoll   al\va\  s  ure;.iiilai.      liiii  oxes    Iviviis  ;     then    tliC)'   III    ike    niel;- d    iik  la',    ,iml 

tlie  li'icll  loloiiisol  am  kind,  e\ce])i  llie  redandlraiil-  at  lei^ili  place   it  on  ilic  a:i\il,  wkcie  lliey  beai  it  \n:o 

iiarem,  noil  coimnonlv  hur.is  ibe  ])ieleneeol  cnpiHr;  rods. 

lor  lliis  realiiii  tliev  Is  I'.u.llv  .inv  copji-.r  on.-  that  Is  i  .\  lilc  traveller  r,i\-es  tlie  fDllD'.vini;  interi  flini;  de- 
mit in  .\.d  wiili  iio'i,  in  ,1  kn^,  r  (pi.mtiu  than  liie  or.s  |  Icniiiion  ok  bis  (k  leenl  into  ibe  nun  s  if  Dan. aura. 
ol  oiber  mel -ks  cinmr  'iiU  .iie.  jhiwever,  lucre  is  i  "  We  l.i\-  (ki-.s  IkJ  at  a  preli',  \  i;!a-.;,-,  i  .died  ():kir- 
iioi  111  niiub  in  Imr;  as  ni  od'cis ;  .\\\i.\  hok  ili.ii  con-  b\',  and  went  .ilumi  liaee  miles  the  lie.\i  .no  rniii^  lo  Ic 
tain  it.e  le.dt  iioi',  aie  ii."iii.ill\  nii'i'e  e,r  h  ineb.ii  ili.iii  the  mines  ut  DanaiDra.  'I'i  ay  are  celekraied  for  i  i.i- 
ibe  rclt.  'I'bc  \  '.ll  ams  I  i.p:  ei  ore  Is  ct  a  d.irkilli  \  io-  \  diicim;  the  liiiell  iron  ore  in  l-kirope,  the  iron  of  "Inch 
lei  lisV  cok  nr,  like  ih. it  d  a  pieie  o(  ll'.el  ill. it  has  is  c\p'Mled  into  c\  erv  coniiir\ ,  and  conlliliiles  one  of 
toili  ki  (1  .1  lid  kill  iiiin.  ll  is  \erv  bcavv,  and  ol  a  Uie  moll  nnporiaiil  lourc;  .^  ol  ilie  iiatioi;  il  u '  ,iltli,  and 
modi  rale  k.irdiul-;  b.ii  Cianonu"  s.iri..;iteil  with  roval  rc-veinies  ol  Suiak  ii.  'Ike  oie  |s  not  dii'.;  as  iii 
fpols,  ai.d  .;rcv  \  ei...  ( )  le  liiindred  we"_;i'.l  ol  ik.soti-:  the  mines  ot  tin  or  co.d,  w  Iku  li  ue  ii.i'.eiii  l-.n:.^laiid, 
toiitains  IrDin  f,oio  y,jp.ii|i  'k.  .d'  cii|ip.  r.  '1  he  .i.'iiie  ,  lull  is  lorn  up  by  pow.r.  'lliiso;'  r.iiioii  isperlnrnu-il 
»-o|jpei  ore  is  el  a  moll  lu-.iiit.hd  bkae  i  olo'ir,  noi  lull,  e\  ery  d.u  al  ii.ioii,  and  is  one  nl  me  moll  treiiien.'.ius 
Ivil  \eiv  b '.iVN  ,  .lid,  wii-.ii  liiokiii,  (kiiu'  like  kkie  .ind  aului  it  is  pidiihle  toconceue.  W'earrued  .:t  llie 
j^lal'-.  I'I. is  i~  ni.iil  r.(  e  hiim  ii'iii,  aikine,  .iiui  hd-  inoiilh  ok  the  i.i,re,it  mine  ('aIiicIi  is  iie.ir  ludl' an  k'n-jjilli 
jikui  ;  and  .1  i^re,.!  i|ii,iiir,^\  (ll  e.xeelleni  Copper  iii.iy  he  ,  mile  in  circiiiidirencc;  in  lime  lo  he  prele.u  ,1  it. 
c.\narti.d  Dili  111  a  \\i,'i  e.ne.  'llie  (irceii  coppt-r  oie  is  ;  Soon  alier  lwe!\e  il  e  lirll  cNiilok'ni  he^.in.  I  i  .niiiot 
like  ''reen  (  i  \  ikk,  .ii"!  kmiel lines  ver\  liieliiK  llieak(  d:  !  colilliarc  il  to  aii\-  ikiii''  io  <ii)dv  as  iiibtei  ranei  i  is  ;r.i|.|_ 


nl  ill  otl'.(  I  iliiii.- .  It 


lk\  -  lilm  cciK  1    1 


1' 
puij',  rues  ol   ihe  k.i  niei 


der, 


or  r.iil.ir  vi 


ip' 
ol   iirlillerx    i 


il'cli  11-'  d   ui'.k  r- 


iini>\ 


as  ihe    '.\\\  en. 


Kjiind      1  he  11. 


iiK  s  aie  lhio\,  11  up  In   il^e  \  i,  I,  i, 


Caliitl    liv 


IH  r    oiser  ,   \  icid  a  ''lea 


I    (kal    ol      llie  1 


lowder  to  a  \all  lieinl-.t   .iliove   ihe    ki  f.u 


ier\-  >,ood  coppir    uk.  n  lli.x-  ,iie  piiie,   uk-iii  ini\   be'   caiib;  ,iiid   the   coneiillion   is  In  >;i'e.ii  ,is  in  Ih.ike  ilic 


kiKUsii    liom   ilieiriokiur  .iiul   ueiLihi;    butiiioleili.il'   liii  .oiimbii'i  cirih,  or  n 


It. I  1  le  ;- 


llCkt, 


iieimxed   wiiii  minui.dlie  i-aitk,  ai 


are  more 

ikole  tlial  ale  \  ekou  innl.iin   ir-ui 


d     lure  mixed  w  iili  lei  i 


I    I 


III.-:-.;   o\  er   ilus  v 


It  .1.1.1 


.r,   on  u  ha.  li  a( 


;dd>   hollow,  lo  the  boiln'ii  of  wlaeli    ike  -,  \  e  in  \,i;ii 
Count  ll.ev  au    the  .iioie  ikliu  nil    M  he  met  w  illl,   and      .itiempis  lo  peneir.ite.      .Vs  lo.m  a~  I:k- r\j  loli    iis\vie 


\  .1  Id  leks  copi  er  ol   .m  ink 

1 
cial 


I  on   mines  am 


1  l.ai 


I  i.U    I. '11. 

lie   ill   i;;e,'t  numbers,   i  Iju 


linilbed 


I  delerniiiie.l,  luiwe\  er,   to   di.  I  end    nil  v   il 
'riicie    Is  no   w.iv   lo  (I'l   il'.is   iaii   in   ,i  kiix 


Iv  low;»rds  llu   mouni.iiiioiis  p.iiis,   wi.ireilleN    h.i\c     lU  ep  bmkel,  e.ipable  ol   coiuainin;  lliiee  p(  rlons,  and 


111'   (.on\enKiie' 


i|   w.iur  k.l.s   to    tuin    their    mills,     killem.  d  In  i  i-.iiiis  In' .i  1 1 


1 


iiihied.ir,  .il  wh.'lc 


loin    III. '.(', 


bel 


nil  s  lUjii'U  iiii;    the    c.  nii-iA,   llu  re   is 


1 


.eikii'"    11' 'lit,   look    no    liu  k: 


yi  ,iili.'  I'xpoi  le  I  .roil  to  i  lie  \  ..kie  ol  n.  .ir  /^o,..^ >.)!.  but      p.iiiis  lo  ihllii.ide  me  from  ik.-.-  n  l..;.itMii,  .iiid  allui.'  1 


\  ears  lie  eilmlier  ol 


'.k.i'   k 


b.ei   been    In     iiu-  ik.il  not  oii!\  ihe  n 


or  (.11 


liuicii   I  lie  real. 


II.  ll   e  11  11 


iv.iUii.i'.i   t.)  undeilell     hiillli.it  the  Inow  and  i.e,  wliicli 


111;-,  loll  ell'li    s  k 
.d  "11  1...   I. 


tilhers,  the  prii  e  li.is  heen   iiiiuh    luwcied. 


Sinee   the  I   llie   iniiies,   rreipi.  ir.K   tiiiiibled    in,  .nid  (ielli"'.d    die" 

1  b' 


jiioliibiiion  ol    |iaeii;n  iii.iiiul..(  iures,    in   c.\iiian',u'  for  ,   workmen  ;   nor  could  be  wair.inl  iii\  ahlohii(    lii-uriiy 


vliu'li 


1   lion   w.is    p.;eniilulU    l.ikiii   e!!,  it   is  i^roun  lo  ,   lioiii  one  or  Do 


lb  of  ills  le  accidents 


ke 


cbcip,  that  11  Is  lolled  nic.li.iiv  lo  I.  Ik  ii  ike  nuiiihi  i  .  e\(i',lli.ii  I  w  ,is  de.il'  lo  ad  I'.is  i>  inoiilli  .iiii  es,  he  pio- 
ol' lorries.  Xei'k.er  li.i--  ik. II  eoiili  n  .'.luc  b. id  llie  (  lied  k  vided  me  .1  clean  Imekel,  .iml  I'lil  Ivo  nii  n  'iilo  n  lo 
intended;  bin,  on   ik.e   caili.m,  n.aiu   more  aie   like     .iceomp.un   uk 


I 


u  I  iipeil  m\  K 


Ik,    lIlUsI 


u  lore.   111  my 


to   r.ill   ol   lliea.li  \  i  s,   luaauie    llu  \    Ciniuit    woik    hut  I '  gtcil  Co.il,  .iiid  llep|ii  d  iiiio  ike  biU'k.  t.      'I'.ic  I  xo  in.  il 


Villi    kil. 


.h    (.lie   in.ii; 


iboulands  (d    poor  i  |  lollowed,  ami  we 


U(-r('  lei  (liiwn. 


1    am 


lib  imeil 


peopK-,  whole  lu'likood  depend  upon  iboli.- lori^cs  and 


imiics,  w  ill  Ik 


K  dined  to  a  Ikii  v  lii<4  condllioil. 


.Il 


Is   ,111    iiinolle   mil 


ll,   leiii.u  k.ilile  lor  Its 


liard- 


to  i)w  11,  tli.ii  wlieii  1  loiiiid  iin  k  If  dills  lulpinded  be- 
tween bciivcn  and  .arlli  In  a  rope,  .iml  looked  down 
into   llie   deep    and   d.iik   ain  Is  Ih  low  me,  to  which    I 


;|s.      Ills  1.1   .1   whiiilli    k\i,l   Colour   when  noldhed,  i   could  le( 


.1  terminaiiDii, 


1 


V  nil  aiipr.heii- 


Thi 


S  W.is,  llOW- 


1)111  be  lore  lii.ii  ii  i .  Iii.k  k  illi.      \\  lu  ii  ii  i-  cl  ended  ll  is '  |  lion,  aal  hall   repented  mv  ciirioliiv 

cilled  lle(  I,      'III   el.  id  lommon  lion  Is  ol  no  ceriain     ever,  oiiK'  a  monieiil,ir\   li  n  kit  ion,  .is  bel'oie  I  b.id  de- 


lol 


111,    hill    imill  (.aiim.iiiU   id   arulK   coknir.     'I'lierc   1  rccndcd  an  liiindred  leei,   1 


ocked  round  on  ihe  leene 


is  ailo  .111  on-  v. Illl  il  I    \  (  I  \  h(M\  \ ,  .liiil  ol  a  red  bliidli  i !  with  vcr\  toU-rabl 


e  componire, 


I 


w.is    ne.ir  nine  iiii- 


tololll    Wl.( 


n  biiikiii.      1 1  Is  \,i\   ii.hintiie   b.  II  kind  ;!  iiiiles  berin-o  I  readied  the  boliDiii,  ii  h.  iii-i  k'O  kilkoni  ■ 


«il   lion,  ,111(1  ulu.ilK   \ukk,  ,11   the   hill   melting,   Irom    'or  .480  leel.      'I'lie  view  of  tl 


le  uiiiie,   w  hi  n 


I 


('O    I 


o    bJ  poui'd 


'I   ,111  Iniiuli.d  wei'jlit.      'rhere   '  looi  to  the  i  ,11  ih,  w.is  aw  hd  and  lublmie  in  ll 


Is  ,dlo  ,1  lini>ul,ii   kind  ol 


11.111  oie     ol    ,1    \  ( 


llowill 


1   CO-    '  (ic'^lei 


W 


lour,  ihoui^ii    lo'iii  11 

kind  ol    ll  mi-lr.uilpiu  iii  w  In 


\,    ,11111     l.iiiielmies    ol'   a    1  min.iiil  I.  elni'.',  as 


leilier  lerror  or  pie. dine  lo'  im  1!  ik.e  pi 


I  I 


ocketl    ,ll   ll,  Is 


.1(1  ID  I'l  . 


ll    \M  I   \  ielil,   when    ;  li'ilil  ok  the  d.n    w.is   vi  r\    kiiiilK'    ailmilli.l  inio   lliele 


nil  111  d,  aliDUt  tlhil\  pounds  ol   iiuii  ou.  ol  an  traiidiid 
vciglil.  ■  J 


liihleri.meons  c.i\  1 1  lis.      In  ni.iiu   pi 


il   w .IS  ,dil' 


ImcU  loll,  and   llambeau.\  lupplicd  Us  place 


a  Ji 


I" 


I   law 
bcaiii.t 


ii 


'    i 


1!  ' 


m 


U  f )  i 


il 


:i.(i 


M 


K^^^ 


* 


650  A  NFAV,  ROYAI.  ani^  ArTIirN'TIC  .SYSTEM  01  I  XIVF.RSAI.  GKOGRAIMIY. 

s  1.  r  T  I  0  X    II, 


b^Miiis  of  wood  acrols  loim-  pait<,  (roni  one  lulc  ol  tlu' 

rocU  10  tin-  oiIkt,  wluro  the  miiKis   fit  cmploved,   in 

bonn^  liolcs  for  the  adnullion  of  jiowdcr,  villi  as  luiuli  I 

unconcern  as  I  could  have  fell  in  anv  ordinarv,lhoiii;h  ' 

the  lead  di/.zincfs,  or  even  a  falure  in  (irefervini;  tlu  ir 

CH|iiilibriuni,  nuill  have  made  them  lole  iheir  fe.ii,  and 

dalli  tnein  to  piece*  a;;.iinlt  the  nij^i^ed  lurl'.ice  of  the   '  '  I  "'MIS  kiniMfmi  Ims  heen   u,encrallv   conlidercil  as 

rock  beneath.     The  fra>;nu'n;s  uirn  up  hv  the  explo-:!    X     dnuied  mlo  les  en  ])rovinces,  \i/..  Sweden  I'lu. 

lion,  preMon-i  to  mv  deleeiit,   lav  in   vail  heaps  nn  all  j;  per,  (.othland,  i.ivonia,  Injuria,  Finlan.l,  Sweililli  l.an. 

lides ;   and  l'.  e  whole  (eene  was  ealcnlaled  10  iidpiro  .lii  land,  and  the  Swiddli  JILinds  in   ihe   15altic  ;  hiit  it  n 


Granil  D:vfhn;^^  ami  /'unii'ildr  Drfcriplicn  of  tlu  dii- 
tiiitl  I'diis  (J  ihi   Kni^dtiiii  I'J  ^ividcn. 


j;looinv  admiration  in  the  beholder.  .\  confiiu  nient 
lor  life,  in  thele  horrihle  iron  dungeons,  mull  liirely 
HI   all  puiMihment  whith  human  inveciion  has  dtvileii, 


be 'in    of  tlu  ;"m11  ui  1  ihle.      1  leiiiaii  ed  tln\  e  e|ii,irtei> 


to  he  uhleived,  lh.it  two  ol  ihile  pro\iiKes,  I.i\(iii;a 
land  in'j,rM,  at  jiri  Rnt  apperi.iin  to  Rnllia,  l:a\  in  ;  jjctn 
icoiuiiiiud  In  i'eur  the  (Ireai,  and  ceded  to  the  Rul. 
]  liaiis  l)\  lahUipuiit  tie.iiivs 
c»f  an  hour  m  llu  ie  ^ll  -nu  and  li  i_;l',if,!l  c.iveiiis,  ami  '\  TIuIai  pru\iiie(.s  vhieh  Hill  remain  in  the  poCj. 
travc'i'ii  evi.r\'  pau  ol  iheni  which  \\.l^  aeeelii!)le,  ,  Inm  (-1  the  ^u  tdes,  are  lluis  dividid  ; 
coiuiuLivcl  by  i.i\  j;uides.  The  weather  above  wa-  '  I.  Sueileii  I'loper,  which  contains  I'plaiidia,  SiuKr- 
veiy  w^riM,  but  here  the  ice  covered  the  u  ii, lie  hii  hue  '  m  mi  1,  Welim.inia,  Nericia,  (.elliieia,  llelliinii.i, 
of  the  j^rouiui,  and  I  fiiiiul  nn  I'l  If  tin  loand-'d  w  iih  ,'  Ot  1.  eailia,  Medulpai'.ia  Aii'..;cniiaiii.i,  Inipiia,  d;id 
the  colds  ol   the  nuill  .i:,oi\aiN  xvinic'",   amul   d.ii  km  i>  1   '.\'ell  I'luhma. 

and  caves  of  iri)n.      In  one  oi  thele,  wl'.ieii  run  a  leii-  j|       1 1,    i  ..ulilaiu!,  or  (".ollii  1,  w'nieh  conl.iins  I 'all  (".uili- 
lideiahle   wav    uiuler  tie   rock,    wen-  vi.Vit    \,  ■,  ^ch■^  f  lain!,  \\'i!l  (.oitkmd,  and  S'lnih  ( .'it''':ind. 


varmiii'.;  themlelves   round  a   cii.irc.ial   me,  and   e  it 
in;;  the   little   lean:-.'   luhlillenee  pa    duced   lioni   •' cir 
niiler.ihle  occupation.      1  he\   rol>  uiili  lui  pi  i/e  ai  lee- 
im;  fo  unexpeeled  a  i;ueil  among  lluni  ;   ard  1  vas  lu  a 


III.    '.'iiilanil,  uiiich  iiail.iins  !  i.,:.,i:d    I'rop,  r,  X\.. 
i  landM,   (   nelli,    Keiihoint,    SaMil.iM!,     r,\allKi,    a.ad 
1  CapiiiM. 
I       I\'.    S'Aeiiilh   I.apkmd,  wliicb  c(>ntains  .\ii '.einiini; 


a  little  piealed   to  dr\-   m\'  feet,    \\hicii    wei-   wet   witiij'I.ap    ark,      In'.i     1  .ijaiMvl.,     I'aha     I.jipin.iik,     l.u'a 


trcadim'   on   the  melted   ice,  at  their  l.r 


There  are  |!  l,a    11  rk 


no   lel>   than    130001    tr.ele  men  CMnllantu     'm 


.fe.ol 


oiiio  l.apinai  I 
Tiie  Sv,-iiilli  llfm.U 


i  ki'iia  I.apinark 
;  ii   are   (icll 


Or 


the  mines,  and  then  pa\'  i^  ouK-  a  coui:i..i  1   dollar,  ]' I. muI,  <  >elel,  ;  )/.'.'o,  Aland,  II    :■  uul,  .liid  Ru;en. 
if  tiuee-peiiCe  l'j;L;l.!n,  a  daw       The  \'  wereliid  op>n-jj       We  Ikall  ti'.ii  nl   eaeu  .;; 


cd  about  i-,8o,  under  ti 


iei;n   oi 


Th 


but  have  l)een  eonltantU'  wm 


d. 


ni\  luu  e  ilu'  imv  ol 


C'l'irillini.      .Mter  lia\  ill.; 'j.ratili!  d  ni\   cinioli!\   widiaij 


)e;!iniiin  '  w  11.1 


S   W    I-,    1) 


n    in   then    11.  i,.'e(.u',  c 


1'  R  0  r  r.  11 


uil  view  111 


thele  fuiiteriai 


lean  .inanmeni- 


I  made  ll 


S\\].l/K\, 
1 


|iro;cil\    1.1   c 


nolh    Ih    I  ,.11  i.iMl,  i.n  tlie 


,   is  iiountled 
hiu'h    in    (.oihland, 


call  li\   ih-  'Mlljili  (d   i'lidii  1,1,  a:  ,!  the  iiMiunlam.^   p. at 


li'.;nal  lor  beim;  dra\iii  up.  and  (an  moll   leiioulK    al- 

finn,    I  felt   lo   Imle   ttrtin    while   le-aleendilii;,   coni- 

p.iud  u  ith  thai  ol  In  im;  let  dov.  n,  ihat  1  ,im  convinced, 

in  li\e  01  lis  limcN  moii'    1  Ihould  have  hecn  iierb^iU 

ini'.dlerein  to   ii,   aiui    louid    l',.i\  v'    lnlved   ,1  |iroiileui  i  |  lioin  l.anli  10  n  'it:',  and  alioi.t  .;.•;,  Ik  mi  e.ill  10  ui.ll, 

in   nuithemaiic.-:,  or   loinpoled  a    luiniei    lo    m\     mil- f  llioiii;!!   in   maiiv  places   it    1-    mu.  11    n.niouei.       lie 

lieK,   in    the    biu  !>el,   without  anv    decree    of    li  iL;ht  jl  eounir\   is  Ii  iiiilnl,  llii<n^;li  m'umi.uiious  in  lome  p.iil- ; 


11   nil    ihe   welt    licui    Xoiw.i\  ;    e\tc  ndm 


■10  ml 


or  apprilienlion 


,So  11 
d 


roiv'  IS  the  elK  el  ol  cul 


llolii  on  M  .ihoiinds  VsUh  iieh  mnusoi   cupper,  ,ind  allor 


ih.e    human  imiul,  and    lo  i.onteinptnile   ('oes    damper   1 


veiiieiies   ol   u.iur,  and  f  u  1    fa    wnrkiiuj  them.      It  is 


or  horror  hccome,  w 

v 


hen  lainil,,. riled  bv  contili 


lUal  re- ll  (li\  Kltd,    as    ue    h.ue    a;r^a.'\ 
,  IKll  I-,    whu  h    al" 


.iiCv.!,    into    iie\ki\ 


Ihe  f.imc  w  riti  r,  in  Ipeakiiia  of  ihe  manner  in  wl,!i  h  li  rpi.nid,  lunnnnd  d  on  llu-  nonh-c.d!  ..n.l  e.ill  hv 
the  peal, lilts  maimlaiiUH' the  iron,  ia\  s,  "  !  ha\  e  \  ilited  ij  tlu'  liaUn'  .Si  a  ;  on  tlu'  l.iiuh  il  h.is  p.Tt  ol  llie  I  uiie 
b\  or  level!  ior;^e.^  on  nu  |  uii  ne\ ,  e.u  h  of  \.  Inch  cun-  '  U  .1,  .md  p.in  ul  Sand.  1 ;;. an  1.1,  limn  v.  !ne!i  il  is  lep.n.Ui  d 
ilaiitlv  employs  Ironi  loui  to  iouite.n  hundied  umk-  i    In   the   kii^   "I    .\i.ii  i.  1  ;   on  l!ie  uill    it  i<  hounded  hv 


n.n,  o;il\  in  iron. 


\\ 


'er>  \er  there  is 


iiountrx   leal,  1!  W'ellmaiii.i  ;  and  on  ii:e  <  ,dl  \i\  (  .elli  ici.i,  liom  uliich 


\  ou  in.!\    he  eel  tain  to 


.1 


(  vc! 


w  c  re  e\  er   moie   de 


.  lain  ie-.  ;  and  no  ji  ihe  ii\  er  D.il  1  parts  11.      h  exu  nd  .  aliout  7,3  miles  |ii 
le.xtroiis  ill   winking    iheii  ':  imi  ih  to  lonih,  and  ,i!i<hii  O--,  Irom  eall  to  well.      IK 


iiiatcreds.  1  ha>.  e  lern  them  ll.ind  do!.-  lo,  and  luini-  !  aie  inanv  miiu  v  dl  non  .ind  le.id,  .md  lome  ol  li!u  r. 
incr,  in  their  coarfc  Iroeks  of  linen,  a  liar  ol  me,  ihe  j  The  niunii\  i>  frnti'iil,  .nid  |ii.  "'m  <  •■,  ,1  i'()n;;ll  other 
|u  at  and  refulgence  of  which  were  ainioit  niluppm  i.iiik  '  ihni;.;.,  i  Ncelk  nt  v.h,.!:.  lee  i..,.'t  loid.il.  rahie  n::'.^ 
10  me  at   10  feel  dillanci-,  and  u  iiii  the  Ip.irks  dl  \\  hit  h  ]i  and  tuwiis  here  an  as  I  'ildu  : 

iiuy  are  covered  from  he. id  to  Inot.      I  had  the  plea-  SioiklHilm,  the   (.ipaal   il   the  vkole  kini^dom,  and 

hiti  of  \  iewui;;  the  whole  procrii  uli  d  to  iciluee  the  j  the  n  lidem  <■  oi  tlie  km;,  li.ul  lis  n.nne  Ivo.n  its  liiii- 
(ite  into  iron,  and  mull  own  11  i-  \er\  ciiiiuiis. —  jj  .itum,  and  llu  ^mcii  ijuiniiiv  ol  timber  ufd  in  hmkl. 
The'.-  Iirll  roalt   it  in  the  upen  .iir  fir  a  conliderable  |   nr.;   it;   Sioi  k    li;;iiil\  in-.;  timlier,  and  I  lolni  an  ill  im 


time  :  .ifler  whK 


l!i  It  is  ihiown  iiiio.i  Inrn 


lee,  and,  w  he 


II  I    II  IS  liiiill  u|ion  jilles  ill  tever.d  httle 


illaiid 


s.  whu  11  II.' 


leduced  to  fulion,  is  poured  into  a  iiionhl  ol  find  .dionl  ||  lu  ,11  one  anoiiu  r.      li  t  .ki  s  up  it  preleiit  li\ 


thoe  \  aids  111  leii 


uh.     T 


I'.eie  pi 's,.is  tlii-v  .lie  llun  d,'-  !    ill.ni. 


lo.ja  ihi  I  w  ilh  n.l' 


luiiinnated,  are  next  put  mio   ,i 


hiiious   dei'rei 


1)1  icki  ts,  s\ 


IK  V    Ule.il 


liirt;e  he.lte.l  In  .1  plo- 
ill  a  I. II  je  pi.  ee  w  illi 
lien  red  hot,  .nid  this  is  In  ,it  'u  .1  Klhi  li/i 
Willi  hammers.  Il  is  put  a;;jin  inio  ih>'  hri  ,  .md  lioin 
llu  111  e  entire  ly  linillied  h)  hein^;  kiid  iinder  an  iinini  ide 
engine  rilemhlin^  .1  li,iiiimer,  wimh  is  tin  in  d  hv  waiir, 
aiui  llatlciis  the  rude  piei  e  inlo  ,1  hii.  Xoihin^ian 
cxeei  (1  the  dexierilN  ol  the  im  n  h.i  i  niidm  I  this  eon- 
tludiir;  ]i.ii  t  ol   the  ojH  r.ition,  asliiee\i 


Ihe   dill-    III    ll.e 


dllu  I   111  .^limiidi 
p. 11  Is,   \s  hn  h   .11  e 

IWO      lullUlfs,    III 


tkilf 
li.erii  and  noriliern  fi- 
iliila  of  Toren,  and  i!"' 
1,1.      Ills  (.diianonU'  di\  ided  in  10  I  nn 
.Sdiih  M  ii;-i  and    \orth-.\I.ilm,  lii ' 
ivri  n    '..     .  a    the    <n    Ifuids    111   ,ia 


illjiid  .   ihe  Idurih  p.ui  Is  calk  d  dan  ■  i.md.     T 


K    111 


Within   uliu 


h  ll 


le    eieit 


tell    part    df  S'o(  kh. 


I  ld|(  d,    Is  llir'  Ulliled  liv  two  .ilai.    di    .1    livei,    uliua 
iilii  uilii  ';ieat  idiee  out  ol  the- fi!  e  \l,.   1  1.    ()\ere,iiii 

Tlieie  al.' 


.11  in»   Iheli-    Is   a   '.lOd..    '1    111  hi  ,e, 


ide,   and    il    te.piiri  .  .111   1  xcplilite   luciu    ,ind   |ire- |    lome  ollu  1   ill  iiuls  fp.u.d.'l    h.   llu'  ..;\   hut    by  Im 


.ill 


It     Is 


1  el  l.iinl'.  .1  iiKill   h.i 


.Swell 


ipp\  ell  cumu, nice  ih.il  u  canals 


10:11    llie  cil\'   llu  re   is  .1 


iiihiiil   on 


cii  .ihonnds  ullli  lliele  emp|d\  inenl-,  hit   lu  1  pi 


I-  ii  bile  over  the  hike,  and  dii  ih,-  oilier  o\  n  tin-  le.i,  wliii  ii 


bints,  lis,  from  the  un^iialelul  loll  and  nil  leiiieiil  l.itiliide,  I' heic   loims    a    milph,  ihil, 


llie\  iniiil  ollierwile  iierilli  In   niiuiv  and  l.imim. 


lucks,  f  1  nn;  a>  il   a 


\.    1..    .till 


.iw  ■.  n 
.1.      Tl 


lew  l.il 
IC  waU  1 

I- 


.:UGRAIMIY. 

i  \     II. 

)•  Drfa-iplioii  cj  the  dij- 

\dolll   ij    Suidcll. 

s;i'ncr.illy  conl'uU'ri'd  as 
iut<,  vi/..  Swciiin  I'rn- 
1,  I'liil.ni.l,  Swcilidi  Lap. 
II)  iIk'  llallic  ;  hut  it  is 
;l;i  Ic  pn)\iiR(.s,  Li\oir,.i 
in  lo  Rulli.i,  h:i\  in.;  Iiuui 
I,  ,111(1  tci!i.il  li)  llu'  RiiU 

lil!  iciii.iin  in  tlic  |n)!;J- 
liviiiitl  ; 

■olitains  I'lil'iliili,!,  Sjidrr- 
a,  (,1,-lliKia,  liillin.;;!, 
ni;i.'iiiiaiiKi,    liiii.tia,    a:,il 

\\\\cU  coni.iin--  I'all  ("■i);'ii- 
iiiih  ( .rith'.aiid. 
,in>  ri.i'.,.i!(l   I'rop  r,  X\ - 
Savri.r.i!,    '1'.  v.'.llia,    a, 111 

ii.li  irntains  .\'.i:',v.Tm  inr  ,• 
I'.tlui  l.iil'niaik,  l.u'a 
;i  i  ki'iia  l.apinaik 

v.l.uii  an-   (:<'il'.'...:..l,  (V. 

[  -1  iiul,  ,i.mI  \<'\  .<  n. 

,,.i;,;;i    i;i    ll.i.;i    iii,JCC.r.  l' 


1'   11   C)    i'   I.  11. 

t'.'i.il,  is  iimindi-.i  en  '' - 
,,n'Ji  lis  (iotiiland,  i>'.i  '!' ' 
a,  mA  ll'.i-'  iP"'.iiitaiii5  I'.ii! 
a\  ;  cMi  ndil  ■.;  7  10  nil  . 
.11.1  i:  ',  ti"i5>  i-'ill  •''  ^^'^"> 
|.  r.iu  n  n  .ri'iwi;;.  1 1  J 
i.>iiiiia;n()ii>  in  i'liiK.'  T'li'''-. 

ciijj:cr,  and  .dloiiU  i.m- 
,.!■  w.'ikin;;  llu-.n.      It  ^ 

'\    i  ;.Lr>i.d,    iMti)    il."..M 

nMith-call   :.tid  call  hv 

h  .;   has  (i.Tl  cd  llic  I  I'an- 

limn  v.'iu  II  It  Is  iciiarai  d 

'.K-  'Ai  II    II  I .  ImuiidiHl  bv 

II    i,\     (.llllKM,   llOUl   \^llK■h 

1;  nd.alinm  7,-,  niik-s  Irom 

(i.mi  f  dl  lo  \M.II.      ll^i>" 

,1   Ivad,  anil  loin/  ol   [\\\^U 

.V.ii'  -,  a  roiult   "ilir 

r  K.  ,■(  i.uid..lialiL'  o;;c^ 

I  i!k'  svV.i'if  kinii,do:n,  ar.d 
.1  ns  nann    I'oai   ils   Inu- 

,,|  tin  Iki  iild  111  I'lid.l. 
,,„  I,  aial  Holm  an.  iHu'd. 
•  al  !;ttK-  ilian-ls  wliuli  Ir 

uj)  at  liivlcnl  liv  of  ll>  >l? 
;ntl.cni  and  iu)V|1kth  1 1- 
;;dul,l  ol'  'I'rjivn,   and   i'''- 

lanoidv  di\  iil-.'d  iniol  "ii 
i-i  and   Noiih-Malin,  i!i' 

,;,      li-/     I     l\      \\.\W\^     111      l!! 

IKd  I. an  .  .and.     Tlu  ill.'. 

jiirl    ol'   S'oi  Miolni    i>  '11- 

,    al:io    oi     .1     IIV.-I.     v^lll>'l 

lull!  ■••  M'  1  I.  ()wr.M>ii 
,.,..  M  I'll.',',.-.  'Ilu'ir  an- 
il.  i!w  »  AS  Init  by  liiii" 
,,  u-  ,s  a  pi'  ii|"  a  I'll  '""■ 
.  lUluTOv.  1  ill.-  Ii.i,  \*lii''[ 
HI,,,,,,,,,     l.^lWMl     k\ti.ii 

ai.w'.l.    I     1    '-^-       'I''"'-'  ^^•'''' 


F.UROPE.] 


S     \V     F,     D     F.     N. 


651 


\i  Co  littU-  hiaikidi  biioic  Storkliolm,  tlint  it  ininjii  hv.   \  tlu'ir  i'al.dy,    tliry  li.ivo  an  ininninii)    IVoni  lurli  ini- 

drank;  \iliicli  is  owiin;  to  tlic  ;^icat  (jiiaiuity  of  I'lLdh  i)oiliioiis  as  arc  l.iid  011  tlu-  inli.il)it,u;s  to  iiipport  the 

vatir  dial  nms  into  the  Ira  lioin  the  l,d<(.-.  '4o\  fiiiiiiLiit  oftlu-  litv  ;  wlTu  h  pa\  s  al'  ils  oiliccrs  and 

Ahoui  ypo  scars  a^;u  this  plan-  u.is  only  a  h.urcn  Icrv.ints,  niainiains  a  j;n.nal  id'  300  men,  and  deliavs 

iOaiid,  «  ith  two  or  three  c(Uta;;es  lor  lilliers ;   hut  upon  the  tharae  ol'  all  pulilie  hnildiiii^s  .uid  repairs.   To  rui)- 

i!u  liuildiiii;  ol  a  c.dlle  there,  to  Hop  the  inroads  of  the  ,  Jiorl  this  cxpeiue,  belides  a  duty  hclon^m''  to  the  tity 

RuHians,  and  the  iranllaiion  ol  the  court  thither,  ii  :  ol  '^oods  impoiicd  and  exiiorti  d  (uhieh  is  aiioui  .j  per 

iirew,  hy  dcjirces,  lo  lurpal's  ihe  other  more  ancient  eeni.  ol  the  cullonis  paid  to  the  kina;,  and  aniouiiis  to 

ciiics,  and  is  now  I'uppoi'ed  lo  he  as  populous  as  ISrdlol.  !  about  rjOool.  per  ami.)  the  ina^iltr.ucs  inipofe  a  \  early 
'Ihc  c.dlle,  \\hieh  is  covered  with  copper,  is  a  place 
ol  no  llreii'^ih  or  beauty,  but  ol  t;re,ii  ule  ;  lor  it  is  j 
a  Ipacious  biiildiin;,  wheie  the  conn  rclides  ;   and  alii)  , 
hiriidlics  apartnicnis  lor  moll  of  the  i;reat  olliccrs,  llie  ' 


tax  on  i|-,e  burghers,  in  which  ihe\-  are  alliUeJ  by  a 
coiiiuKMi-council  of  48,  uhieh  chul'es  lis  own  niem- 
bcrs,  ami  meet  everv  fpriiii:,  to  proportion  the  pav- 
inenis   lor   the  enfuin;'   vcar.      On  ilie  traders  they 


national  couri  ol  pillue,  ilie  colle;;es  of  war,  ( hancery,  !  ulually  iinpofe  .40,  53,  or  Co  pounds  lleiliii';  upon 


tre.Uur\ ,  reduilion,  liqui.krioii,  coinincrce,  .ind  cxecu-  ; 
lion.    Here  is  alio  an  .irmouiy,  chapel,  library,  llie  pub- 
he  records,  tK:c.      li  contains  \  c  r\   Irw  oj'  the  inferior 


others  of  a  meaner  condition,  as  Ihocmiker-,  ta\lor.s, 
I'sC.  live  or  fix  pound; ;  and  on  no  houidcee|)cr  lels 
than  ir,  (liillinus :   belides  (ni.nteriii''  li'.e  uuards,  iiile- 


liccrs  ami  ki\ai'.l,s  ol  ii;e  coin 


I  :   ih 


io''eihcr  with  '  nor  olliccrs,  and  lervanis  ol 


,  with  other  lelicr 


(lie    foot  miarch,     hemL;    ipiaiurcd     upon    the    hurt;-'   chari^cs;   which,  all  loaelher,  would  be  thought  a  (^reat 


hers 


.It    tliCll 


)id' 


s  c  11.11  :'e  liM'  lot! 


li 


burden,  even  in  richei  countries :  neithw  is  it  other- 


candle. 

In  il'.is  cily  ar-'  nln. 
and  covcrci 
ihai'ils 


will-  ellecmc 


,.ir::e  i  luin 


with  I  oimcr  ;  am 


1  111 


lies,  built  with  brick,      leai 
id  I 


ee  lie  Kc 


I'd  by  th 


e  inh.ihitaiit 


dii 


our  wooil-'u     well  in  cultomK,  as  in  tiie 


jit  in  111 


us  cii)',  who  can 


eart  l)\  the  privilei;es  tliey  enjoy,  as 


trade 


dv 


e  place,  wlucr 


I   mull  needs  pal's  ihrouuh  llxir  hands :   loi  the  natives  of 


loliilm'    v.i'.un   Is 


!•' 


>tli< 


par 


ts  of  the  kinijd 


0111,  as  all  loreij;iiCrs  are  oliliget 


The  p.daec  id'  tlu-   1 
iheu  alienihlv  al  llie  coir.cmion  ol  the  ll.iies,  and  the  1   lo  deal  only  with  the  b;ii  .;!ui  s,   (except  thole  of  the 
denoliloiA'   of  iki  ir   |n\;!.;-.,   liiles,    and   lucli  other'   ;;entry,  who  make  iron,)  have  noL  the  privile;;e  lo  lei 


ireorils 


.IS     COlUIll 


I   ih;  If  l;o  'i\ ,  Is   a  \ci  \   IkitiU  nil 


\\{\  one  of  tlie  Inn  li   in  llie  kingdom. 


It    Is 


I> 
but  one 


Thi 


(lialely  to  ftranacrs 
s  eiU'  is,  in  a  manner, 


i[de  ol  ^v. 


cUcll  ;    to 


lar''e 


•a\  liioii, 


nil     1  on   tlie  ouliiile   Willi  marble     w  huh  iiioll  ol  the  jioods  ol   their  own  srow  ill,  as  iron 


|i;,nires   .11 
iLulpturcs  I 
nohdily  imel. 
liiyh   chance 


ul  coliiaip 


Wiliall    Willi    liiC 


lures 


111    iwo    1. 


i-e  h 


s   ami  ,   coppei,  wire,  pilch,  tar,  111.) 


where   the  ;   lo  be  exporlcd, 


Tl 


Us,  de.ds,  .Vc 

Ldl 


N'. 


le  i^rcatcll  part  ot  the  conimoclitics 


are  broui^ht 
diiii 


Vl     to    t' 


lace  is  that  cd' the  lord  i   iniporied  from  abroad  come  10  this  pori,  wd'ore  thcr^ 


llor:    and   a   liisL   l.irlher  are   two   oilier'   is  a  haven  capable  lo   receive  iO03  lad  of  Ihi 
.     .  I       .    .  .  .1  ....... 


aki 


bclonuiii'j 


Tl 


11  ind  on   the    b 
kime.  manner  ol 


built 


I'' 


brids. 


e  or  key  near 


in 


ihi 


jatell 


Vmsi). 


illi  mile  Ion 


vellels  may  lie  w:ih  their 


lime, 


and  are  all  com  red  with 


only  inconvenience  is,  that  it  is  10  miles  lioni  the  lea 


broadlid 
les  IV 


es. 


d 

ihich 
J' 


lie 


uippi 


Tl 


i\k 


ihe  river  very  crooke( 


iiid  no  tides. 


It 


opens  into 


a  noble  cdir.ce, 


d.  t, 


wcilur  Willi  lever.il  m-n'mlic 


hollies  of  tl 
J  handlome  ] 


ic  I'.obiliii 


d  will 


indi 


Mod  of  the  biir,',her 


1  Coppei,  .illorils 


null  wiui   bricl- 


ent  I   the  IJaltic,  but  is  of  danj^crous  aceefs,  hy  realon  of  the 

comniodiou.s 


harbours  in 
dole  to  the 


iihin   it   IS   one  ot  the   mi 


id 


rope 


fo 


if  ll'.e  larndl   [\/.t  lie 


.ev,  wnert 


th 


e\'  are 


III  the  labur.) 


il, 


•,re  ol   limber,  and     wind,  tli.'.t  thev  need  neiin.r  anchors  or  cables  lo 


fecurv 

abl 


from  the 

luild 


tlK-rebv  lubjed  lo  the  il,iiv.;ir  ol 


wIh  11  it 


t,s  .1 


.ri<r    wluic    It 


,a-Mi.  lis 


Tl 


winch  eoniiiion- 


1 1  p.iir   this    misliu'- 


tl 


icm. 


Its  entrance  is  iieluid.cd  bv  two  loits 


amis  on  the 


banl 


the  river  Sal 


dnch  fall  into  if 


l-.Lole 


■r  Saki, 
•l^  miles 


nine,  thev  kae..  .ui'.'.s  i.  nd  Pa-  i 

they   inleiul   lo   build, 

and   fevi  ral   lc|i.ii  alio>|s,   .ire 


li'.iRidions  id  ihe  houl/  '   dillant  from  Slo;klio'ai  low.iids  the  iiorlli-well.      It  is 


wlicre  the  walls, 
pieces  ol   liilibi.  I 


a  \ei\  aiKieni  c.l\ ,   Pi.ni.  iK   the  capii 


,,d  of  the  north. 


fcl!  ol    th,' 


knd  one  upon  aiiothei,  and  )ollied  .it  the  coiners;  and      by  the   iiNir,  wiuvh  is  hue  pi\tl)   1 


I  1-  divided  into  two  parts 
ir:e,  and  fo  hard 


alieiwaids 


in.u 


k.d,   taken 


down,  ,ind  km  bv  water  lo     fro/en  up  in  l\hiuar\,  that  a  Ian  is  \  early 


.kl 


loun,  111.  re 
■.epl    111 


1.1  be  le:  np  .md  lliiir>ied;   .ind,  when  'upon  ihe  ice  in  lliat  monlh 


1' 


kept  the 


r.e  town  is  i.in 


i-'k 


the 


\eilS;    . 

lli.ni  ihi 


a-  1! 


hii 


ih  ot   tlu  !,■  tlu  le   1-  a  m.ilii  1,   .1 


il  1  id  ,\o  or  .{o 
I  ..lie  licalildiil. 
To  1  ie\  elll    llie 


:id  k'lir  .illill.ints 


wiihoiil  any  cond.ler.dde  lonliR'.l;lon^. 


but 


leie  Is  lo  be 


tl 


eel)  the  line 


!!  ehvirdi  in  iIil'  \.!iole  knn'dom,  ii.imeK', 


athedr 


It 


d  wiih 


ith  f 


1  e.ipner,  am 


1  adt 


d 


evcral  toln!'^,  eipeei  ill\  tiioli.'  ol  Ihe  Isiiv: 


lull 


behind  the  alt.ir, 


.ir.a-  tl 


ho,  upon  li'lu  e 


.1:1',  111 ,-,  ,iie  mea,  .11  1  .  U   lo  rep. 11  r      (  .uII.imis  in  marble,  between  lb.-  Il.iluesol  Ins  two  wiv 


monument  ol 
fh 


to  11  : 


alio  a. 


lid  I  ibiiiii- 


,  V.  lio  inoill\  r.m.j.e 


I  lie  .ill. I  buried  he 


111  .niodier 


.  1  is  the  tomb 


llieinlelves  11 


Thi 


re  is 


.der   dr 
.dides, 


1 1  I  p'.  I  live  w.iid.     of  kiiiL;  |i  din's  wile,  who  w.is  m.iiher  to  Sii^ilniuni 


nil. 


1,1. 


n,  will)  w.ii 


d:  it  is  of  whit 


.VI 


)o.  e  the  citv, 


ihoul  onU  loi  that  piii| 


\e-  I  a  w  .1 


lib 


ui'i  M)  e.iiii  enure 
1  ■  .1  beli  upon  the 


!i  He. 
lull 


He 


lear  .11 1'  o 


be.iuiilul  calUe,  which  is  forti- 
d.     It  is  \er\  lar.'.e,  built  after  the  It.ili.m  manner, 

citv,   which  u  coin- 


I  and  has  a  noble  nroi'iecL  over 


Tl 


le  >' 


i)\  ei  111  .'111  1 1 


ureal  lladlladd. 


••    IS   in   tl'.e  1 
,1  pTo V  colli 


and  over  Ihe  whole  eoiiiiii\ , 


ifell, 


II; 


I'pl 


bdh 


Illi  once  a  we 
the  colIc"/.  (d 


111   ti.e   lov.  n-lioule,   .md  pialides  111      ieiidei\  .1  an  .111.  h 


d 


ll.idl- 


billr 


rds 
der  III.  at 


hut   alierwa 


\    \t   tl 


iiell 


Im 


to  Si. 


the  I. 
irade, 


diet 


I  ir 


SP'pl'.eii,   who   di'-d   in    the   ye.ir    11 


ihe   II..1. 


.1     111  •    pfM'N 


pilli. 
d    the 


d  ih. 


for   '  .irelihilhop  ol  tins  lee  ;    uid   John  Maniuis,  who,  at  iho 


lelormalioi),  leluh  d  to  .idiiui  tlk 


lail 


ner.iii  eonleHi.in, 


.mrili  h.is  I! 


I)ilildiiii5s 
account, 
ill,  and  i> 


1    .ill   public   ,iiid  piiv.iie   I  ,iiid  leniov* 


1  to  1; 


)iiie,  was  the 


Sine 


time 


llie  on  lliat      ilieie  h.ive  been  onU'   I'lotell.ii.l  .11  ehbilllous,  who  do 


liiolllv  niei .  Ir 


\\  lib  ilieiii  die  .oiiid.  Ikiis  ol  the  citv  alw.iys 
ise  tin  ir  \  ol.  s,  ll.e  in.iiol  Its  ol  wl;U  h  decides, 
inibei    I.    niH'  11  "i,    biU    illil   lU     .ib.nit    -12, 

,1 


\\v 


or  inch   as   li.ive 


U-r\Ld  ll.e  kme  1  1  kmie  r.lcUoi  L,nplo\  iiieiit. 


li.lidc 


not  livi-  Willi  the  I, nil.    pomp  and  nia^nihceiH  e  .is  the 
Rom. in   C.ilholic   prel.itv  s    nled   lo   do;   foi    the  1  liter 

Or 


iippeaied   in   |nililie    wulioul  .i  letinue  ol    j 


fjOO  peop 


ic  uii  hoi  LI 


The 


/    i 


?■:, 


l! 


'      ) 


^lll 


I. 


1       1 


,i  i 


mi, 


!    1 


r, 


I'  '  T: 


#f 


pfUk 


i  • 


'  -!' 


Cji         A    MAV,  ROVAI.   AN-n   AU  IIIKaTIC  SVsl  IN!  o;    I  \I\il{S\[,  (;F.O(  ;R  A  l'|  l  Y 

'liuMinivi  rlir,  ct  1  t'Lil  conlilU  uf  .i  rii.iiu-cllor, '.'.lio 
i<  ;il'...i'.  <   ,1  !;ri'.it  iiiiiiiilri   ()l    ILiii  ;   a  \  u  i-f  li  hu  .  Iliu  , 


'I 


I.     |>;()\  MK\-    ( 


.1    W,  li 


111. mil,  () 


r   W 


l-'llMl.l,ll,i|H 


\\\  .1\  s    UK'    .lie 


lil.ill: 


.1    Vi'l\     I). ill,  11    (■.lUlll.',,    Ilti  Iclllll.;    .llJulll    yj    liiji,  ,    111 


up;   iiiiii  ,1  ri  (I  ir,  I  iKili  n  ipiii  1)1  llic     Un',;!',     I'uin     lomli-i  ,ilt     lo     imi  iIi-\m  II,     ,i' 


I'l'.lt     la 


pr.iii  li'.iv,  (i|  uliiiii  11.  u   .III'  .iluiiii  JO,  ili.ii  h.ivi   (  ,i.  h  ,   iiiiL-,,   in   huMilili,   liimi    luiiili   lo   ii.nili.      li   li,„|   | 


'^'  ulil.m.     1  lu- Miilin.ir)   iiiiiiiinr  i.T  Itii.k'iiiN     iiu-il\  Icuiu-  lonlulcialiU' liUi-i  iiuiii.^,  Iiiii  ii.i\i  ili 


liu'  !. 


7   IT   Hv." 
il  i 


,0    I'l     W  lih  1 


ire  maiiil.iiiKil    In      i\l  .filUil. 


i-'N  .11,; 


mil  liiiiK'  Il  u  iiiii,  i>  wire  luiiiurlN   l)\   |ht. 


Milnii  Is  itic  rapii.i 


(  HIS  "I  iiii.ihiN  :   liic  i\  II,  ii..it 


I  nf  W'clbiiaiii.i, 


iviw.,    |vi  i,(l  llic  v.U'.ilM.ji    111  ■;illuiiii.^  ihc  ill, 


f.lMllIlt     lllllllli    i.r   lllllll-        .111    flu-    lull     111    lllc   l.ikf    M.lllll-      llClUlllI    K 


I'l'l  I-  IIi.i.i'.mI 


V.uA 


till-  iliuiih    llir\    lul.ili'    1.1,    MiiKli    1,, 


iikiipiiiv;,   .iliiiiU    .^r,    mill's    Iroiii    Sim  Islinlin.      | 


111     111     I'lil  11,    lniU.  I'     1.1  K'l 


i    hill 


I .  iiii;iiiilil\    ■;niii      .1  l)illi.i|)'s   Ir;',   .ilui 


ui  II   111  tt  mil  11    lu    a 


llw 


\M,'.,  il  tii.-\  liiMill  a;  ll.r  iini\i-r!::\  ilu-  n  II  ul  iln-  mmi, 

'1    il:   \     li' J    ll'H    1|\  I-    I  ,  ,,i;   ;^.,,!,  1\  ^      |)||t      111     ]1IU,|!C     luilllls; 

\M,ir  lui  no\Mi>,  11,11-  ui)U'i\r  aii\   diIki  iliKipl.iic  ilun 
iIkii  I'Wii  iK'n!l:;\   or  il.Tpoiitioii  IcuK  iIk-iii  ti. 

ri'.i.'  cily  111  I  [iLiI  li.i.iits  ilii-  iiiuii'iiri-  dI  liu-  i  "l.-- 
I'l.'-''.  .1  i.:n,!,iU'.,  ul'.i)  wis  liu-  luMij  uT  iIk'  niii;i  ;  |n\  , 
,i:ul  ui.i.l  ■  liiiK-  ill  iiatiiiil  liill<ii\  u  as  i;rc.it  as  lii.ii  ul 
(!i.iili-.  Xll.  I.  r  111 ,  \  uivii :.  s.  Mils  :;n_'.ii  iii,m,  uIki 
\,.i-ul  a  l.'i  i.il  (■,,m'r.!iim..iii\  I  ilil|iiiliii,iii_  ,ilua\si(.'- 
iiuiil  Ih.mu.is  \\  i;li  ilic  .^ria;;  II  |n'litriicls,  .iii.iwa- 
li.il'ji)  m  luU  ill,,;  .iii\  i|iKtl;iiii~  111  11, i'  hue  111' Ills  luii.i- 
iiii.il  iiinl,  1(11111,  \v  I, iili  ihiA  iiii^'il  iiinpoimd.  'I'd  Inm 
'.■..■  ,11 ,  111,1,  !n.  i  r.if  ,111  ,K'.  iKiiii  III  ilk'  Swcdilh  turnip,  a 
i'"'i  "i  nil  liini.ihic  XiiliK-  111  inis  i.,iiiiiii  \'.  Ho  lavs  llic 
I'.i'ii   Is  !',i,l  it  (iii^inail;,   li,...,i  1  .,,|,l  md.'      li  IprtMcl  |i,, 

(:<L,i    ivs   ili:,iM.;li    liu-    ihiiii   p. ills  ul    liu-    klii^iiiiini, 

.'mI  ^  •■  ■  1,'iniil  I'l  lu.iu'  ii!f  il  ,111  ,il|  ,1  ill  .■  sviiit(  r  pl,i'i:s 
I':'-  l'"V!liii.  'I  !"■  :-,i'-.ii  rrm.iiiv  ul  it  i.s  it  lillu.-^  lii, 
I!'  'i|  '  'I  ""'  ""il  ci.'i.iiiuil  li.  lis  kii.iv.n  in  tin-  v,Miiu 
ii\.  i'.'  Ii,l''-  ill,-,  I, ml:  an  li  iiMik.iliiv  loii.i  ..f  ii,riM, 
,,' '1  v  ili  ilii  .w  ii:i  iln.111  li,  til  I  tli.iii  nil  .111 V  Ditii  r  'viiiu  I 
pliii'.  «)ii,-  ,,r  ,ln-  -ii.itrlt  ail'.mta^rs  iif  tlir  iiiliuri' 
I'i  liu-  I'l  il,  I-  il.  Iii;ii  :  .Is  .;  lo.l  ,1  ])rcp,ii  iliou  f..!  c.:!!!, 
-,>.-  ,1  l.illiu-,  i.r  iiKTc  plo, 1^1,111^,  vluch  Is  ail  Kiijut  ui 
inkiiilr  imp.  I  lain  c. 

|-.nL;ki'pi:".;  i.  .i  pKu  o  ok  i'!)ii('.iii'r 'Me  tr.ulc,  on  tlu- 
VI-  ■  M.i,  I- r,  .ili.iin  ,;-  mills  liom  Si.i.  klu.lin  to  iho 
\  i.it  -(.ml,  ,11  id  2  1  I  rum  I  ;  l,.|  to  in,    luuili. 

I'c  II, -M  |iil.,ii\  iiiuii  (I  S\M,l,'ii  I'lupir  is  Sudcr- 
iiM'iM,  unuii  |s  I,  p.u.iui!  Ii.uii  I  pkiiid,  (III  iht'  noitli, 
1)\  ilic  l.iki  ,\l.i.l.i  ;  huuiiili  1  oil  iIk-  IouiIi,  |,v  K,,|t 
'■"ilil.ind  ;  on  ilir  \m1!,  Iv,  Xiiui.i;  .md  hv  ihc  p,,,l. 
tic  on  ilii-  i,ill.  li  i-,  ,1  p., pill, Ml-  i'..iiiiir\,  txii  inlniki 
(■:''  mil,  -  111  K-'.i.;'li,  .iiid  t  j  in  liri  ,i,itii ;  frmlliil  in  i  oi.i, 
viiiis,  and  liml'ii,  ul  v.iiuli  lilt  in,m\  (liips  .irc  iniili 
in  tills  pio\  inic.  Il  I- ,li\  nil  d  mill  Siidurm.im:)  I'lu- 
I'l  I,  .md  ill-  iliaaml  ul  1  uriii,  iuniad  li\  il.i-  kiki  SI  ,.,  U  r 
and  K  ik  ii  111'. 

Nil    1  111..',,  lli<'  (Mjiiial  1.1  il.:,  pi..\liin',  (l.,iids  on  tin- 

li'"!s  .1  iliv  Ji.iiM,  ,  !><  iiiiii'-  111  ;!,.   luiidi'.v.ii.j  ,,|  Sto.  k- 

'•"    '  ■     il  1-   I  pi  .1  1    ul  liiiiu    ii.iili,  u:i!i  ,1  .  ..ihHi,.dioiis 

'd  .1  I  ,rii  !•■,  Ill  uliii  li  li;i.  iliii.i-.s  1)1  Su.l,  iiiiji,  ,1 

I. lid.-. 

',ll:lills  I,  ,1  Im.dl  luvii  i.n  tl  r  l.-iiil;  (i.|c  d  ij^, 
l.n-  \'.,<il,  r,  tl.i-  1,  I  ot  ,1  llllllup,  lulii,!;^  Ill  li,  ||,<.  III,.. 
II  'i  oDi.i.i  ul  I  pi,d.  .So  11,1-  (  .oil 111-  lull  1 1  pi  11)11. s  III  li.i- 
Ix'ilii  I  liai.itU  1  s  i\iiue-  tin-  ,mii<piiu  ul  tin-  pkin-. 
Cli.iru's  l.\.  lits  liiniid  in  ihr  cillu  di.il,  ulii.li  i,  ,in 
a  111  11.  Ill  LV'iiiii.'  milin'.  Oppoluc  to  till-  tu\Mi  ail  .imiiial 
la, I  is  111  M  upon  ilif  il  '■. 

I  lul.i,  Ul  I  I,  liii,  Is  liiiLitiil  on  till'  I'lallii  ,  ,ilnii:'  |  j 
li.il'.s  ii.,111  Stuikkulm,  .md  l',is    i  \r]\    u,.  d  ii.iil.oiir. 

1  '  '  ;  I,  '.-dull  Is  J  :  links  dill  a  III  liom  Si.u  khulin  lo- 
v.iiiis  ti::-  liimli  Will,  .md  Torildi.i,  wli:ili  is  i8  nnlrs 
t.i  tlu-  u.  II  III  .SiK'ii..;i|mil-,  (iiiiiam  n.illiiii:;  nii',\  mui- 
lli\  o|  i,'il  ivaiioii;  i!;oiil;1i  ■i'r|.,i.i  w.is  rormriK  .i  pl.ni.- 
ot  loiiK  >  oiilripn  IK, ,  .ind  is  ilius  iiinilion..  d  li\  .\Iuiu 
li>  111  l|:i  I,  ll,.  i,  Ldiaud  hllllip  ul  XlMiull'  s',  in  111., 
l;ui.tK,d  .1   .oiiiit  111  hi-  I  iiiiiii'\    to  Sii)i:isliulin. 

(  )ii(  r  (.m.'.l,  In   liiiiiii  miumii  lili'S  j 

XilV-     \v    dl,  ,|,     I  I  l,',l    III    \|    ,dplll  s  ;  I 

1'.!'  li  ll.i!:l.   i  111  u  m-d,  ,-r  i  iiiii.ims, 
'I  I':    dl  III    .  ':    ul  noiilii  rii  pkiin  .; 
'1  uu  rill  Im..  liuiiis  ilu  il    loll\    liiuw 
I  )rlriiil,  l:,,i-  l!.it.;s  liuii    li.idi;  ,  lii    ••   ■ 
<  )■'  I   n  '■    I'll  Inuw,    III,    111,,,  mil  II,.  ,1,1, 
'lla-)-  u  iiiil  iliu  Ikd^L  \Mlli  l/.uii,  IpiLd, 


In,  .^  1-.    lip.  Ill       1  lie  !.i  It  dil.ii  \  I  oiiMiitioii  u.is  1,  111,  i|  Il 


'I'H  c.-l! 


11.  o'  m  ihi-  w  ,ir 
1  •-,  1  1>  ''V  vv  Im  h  the  luriiliion  lo  li  i-  i  mu  n  ul  ,i.,i,,ik  ii 
U.IS  Utdi'd  in  till'  I'aiiiilv  of  (iiill.iviis  X'.iia. 

.\ilio..iin,  Kopiii,;,  .\oi.i,  and  l.iiuiil/ai,  loni.iins 
n.aliii..;  \\uiili\   111  noli,  i'. 

Ill'  piuMiui  1. 1  dlliutol'  y  rii'i.i  is  liiiim.liiii.il 
:tir  iioiiii  In  \\  I  It.ii.mii  ;  on  till'  (lit  li\  Si,  ,  :. 
111. mi. I  ;  on  \\\r  |.iiii|,  ],\  |.;,iU  ( ;■  .ililaiid  ;  on  dir  .,  i[ 
l'\  p.tit  ul  Well  t  .utl,i,iiid,  .Hid  tl,i'  noiiiirrii  ivir,  •  .  i . 
of  die  1,1  k  I-  XCii'i,  Ul  \  riu  1.  li  I'uiil.ii.i-  I,  1 ,  1  li  1  .,  ; 
Hid    lIMi,,     u!     ul.ili    till-    ll\i'r     I'loli    I    ;     i,-,,    ;',^. 

II  mill  1  \    ml. .  I  Wo  p.iils,  hum  \«i  II  lo  (.'.ill.    'm  \i  i  ;.. 
ui-rc  lonni  1 1\   um  k.  d  m  il.is  pio\  n.ri:  ;   !i;ii.i-;i,     .; 
it  pr.idii.  I  s  unl,   II.  .11,  liilplmi,  ai'd  .iliimi.       1  I;.-  i 
pl.u  cs  11;  II-  .Ul-    \ii|iii),  I  I  il'Inr.  I  i)i  1 .4,  .\!k,  t  i.;:,:!,      ,1 

_  (  d.mlli.iiiinii',    I'liit  111  I  IK-  oi  tluk-  .lie  111  .,•! ,   ;.  1      it  .., 
ili.irk.ihk'. 

The  pru\  iiiii'  ur  ikl'ii  1;  I  of  (,i  (liirn  1,  (i;;i   •     i     ■ . 
lui  i-n   1  )i  lee,ii  li  I,   i.r   1  1  di  k  irli.i,  lie  iiuii  .11,1    ;   ■. 
.mil  liu- mil  s  I  \  lira  .md  D.ila.    It  e,  .m.iii,- 1'  ii  i- ,     . 
I    u  ill  1,   liuriM,  anil  (  .ip.  I  11'  r.,;rt.      I  lie  in ,  1  l,i  i    j 
llK.iididei.ihle  ;    .mt  die  roiiiUT   1).  Iiil;   ,11   In..'  :i|..i. 
tlieiiii'i    ll.iliiiid.i,   w  liuli  lurin.s  .1  i;!il|-!'.  li  ,.t  I;  1'.    .    , 
a  i;uuil  iiai  1/.  .11! ,  i  .11 1  les  .m  a  eunliiii  i.ilile  i<  id. 

I  iie  'pioviiu  e   of    il.'lm.'.i   is  s.-i,   estei'ix.-,   '■; 
lioiiiul   on    (lie    iiouli    lis     |:-m;:!;.i    a,,l    .\k -.1.  a    ,.     -. 
on  the  »i  11  all;!  I  .iidi   \>i  II  In   M'-k  ,  .i;!m  ;    on  li  .   1.    ;   : 
l»-.    (.elliki.,  ;     I'lil  mi  llu-  e. Ill   i:,    I'.f  li, lllllll  ill   1  ,  , 
1  lie  foiiiurs  1^  iliuiiiiMmuii-  ,11  id  ■• .  •  .in  ,  ,11;. I  .;, 
hii.iiiis   ciii|,liiy    tlieiiiklves    [•!  iinij  .ill\    in   liiiihi,,  ..,  1 
Imiiimt;. 

1  Iiidiw  11  kUsal.l  is  die  capii.il  ..i'  liiis  pnn  iiu'f,  .  ■  i  d 
liui.iti  d  Ileal  die  lioiiiin.m  ( '.  iTpii  :  it  en  ne.s  on  .i  ,  .  ,.. 
ll:k■|al)k   n  iliie  I'l  ro'.i,,  pr,  ii,  i  ■  in,  tiei'i  :,  A  r. 

Soideil'.iiiMi  h.i-  .1  ^'  luii  l.ivi  11,  I, 111' led  in  il.c  n;,ii;:h 
ul  die  1 1\  el    I  iiilp.i. 

Tile  ul  lie  1  !..«  11-,  I  li.'ii  SiM-li,  \,ii()o'i-,  [.,.1  ;  '  1 
.\lla,  aie  .  .1  mil.    :-:ii  m  i  m, a-. 

I  l,e  proMii- 1  ul  i  )i  1   i  ,  1  1.1,  01   l),il.  k  111  ,1,  '  .  !     11   .- 

III  un  till- Will  ,ii)ii  11, 11  ih  in  I  :.■  11..  iimi.ims  ul  ^,  1.  ■ 
nil  I  lie  r.i  II  l.v  1  II  llin.;i  1  .mu  ( .:  ill  II  i.i ;  .n.d  'i.  .1  .  -  .  . 
I.\  \\'elii  rm.mi.i  .111,1  \\  ,  II  iii,ml.ii,,l.  Il  is  it.,  mi  1 
!i  ii^di,  ,11,1  1;..'  in  l'i,.i;::h.  lis  lidi'lu 'h,  .11  1-  1 
',1 1  Mi  .111  I  ilkd  11' I,-.  \  ,il;,,-, ;  \  ,  I,  ilium^h  it  1-  |..  .  , 
leiiine,  II  euiit.iins  uiil\  .1  I.  »  \  i\  miunlidi  i.il  i  '.  - 
1,14.  s.  !  h.  nMiinl.iin.  .ili.iiiii'l  wiili  nun  ,iii,l  ...p  1, 
.1111!  tollle  111  the  iiiines  are  l.iendlliK  de.  p.  Ii  hiii 
iieiii  .III  iililer\  .iiiiin  olieii  m.ide,  tli.it  the  t;ri  ali  II  nmi:. 
Ill  r  ul  ll.e  i,-v  ulniiuiis  ul  Sweilin  hi\e  lieijim  or  n:- 
■,;iii,ui  d  111  tills  piiAiiui-,  oil  wliieli  .leeoiint  the  ml  1- 
liU.ini  s  li.n  I-  he,  n  i  li.ir.i.  ii  1  i/e'l  as  more  i  onra:-,''.  1-, 
li.iUl,  .ind  I  e  I  ue  111  Us,  than  .iiiv  ol  the  .Sueiles,  ,is  \i  i '!  .  > 
polk  lied  III  ,1  iiiiiri-  lihei.il  Ipii  ;l  ol  indepindeiiin  .  I  ,." 
pun,  ip.il  \ill.i-.;is  ail-  Idi.i,  liiu.ii'd  on  ilu-  iner  |-  :;- 
11. 1111,  one  ul  the  luiiiees  ul  tin'  11. da,  uliuh  nm-  '1  > 
ill.  Sill, 111  l.ike  ;  Lima,  'jfi  mile,,  more  lo  ill,  linu.;- 
\s  ii.i,and  iiedernor.i,  .iliuill  ,|,")  miles  lioiii  {' \  ill,  ''1 
hiii.iliil  on  ilie  liver  D.il.i,  Ileal  die  eonimes  o|  \"  .  :  .- 
111. Ill'  1. 

The  proxiiu'r  of  NK  dol'i  I'lii  leili  llie  l!..i''  a 
<  .ulpil  on  llie  e.ill,  ,\  II.','  1  iii.mi  1  UM  li.i  nuiili,  |  'iiji.i- 
l.md  un  ih  ■  1101  tll- well,  .iii.j  I  |el(m;M,i  un  liu-  l.iiiili-\, <  it. 
It  1-  \',ou'l\-,  moil  111  ai  noils,  .md  u.iii  n  d  In  ilare  I  :  ■'' 
rn-l':.  The  le.ueo.ill  liere  is  .'lioiii  jt  iril,--  Im.;,  .e.l 
lull  of  nil  k-.,  to  the  I. mill  of  Simlu.ild,  die  e.ipr.ii  nl 
1 1,  is  pun  IIK  e,  Iilil.ited  .11  llie  1  nun  ill  uf  ill,-  im.lille  1;'.  >  r, 
u  111  .1  pli  ll\  ;^iiod  li.ii'iuui.  'liieieai.  liMi.ilol.'>i 
Iv  .1  jioit  low  lis  on  lliij  eo.dl. 

All-;-  riii.ii'i ', 


'"'ff    i: 


(;K()(;RAriiY. 

Mill  I,     cr     Wl'lillMilliMul,    is 

,  u  hmi;  .ibiiui  yj  iiuii  <  m 

lO        tlUltll-WllI,       Silo'.lt      (!,J 

nil  to  iiortli.      Ii  li.ul  ini 
, tr  mines,  l)iu  n.-w  ilk',  ,ii»' 

Wcllin.iiii.i,  .iMil  i.  lii.i.iir,! 
idi-i',  bctucin  k<i|iiii-  ,,i„l 
•s  Irom  SiiK  Uuilii!.  !■  i, 
i\  mil. I    l)\     .1    lllniii;  I,  1(1,.. 

v.is  U  c;l'  il  l'.>  I''  111  il.>'  v;  ir 
(111  1(1  ll.c  l■nl^^  II  lit  .'1'Auli  ii 

t ;uil,i\ US  X'.ii.i. 

1,  and    LiiuUl/ai,   uin.'.ii-j 


111'  y   I  U'la   is   lii'iiT'li  I'l  ,.11 

(III    tiu-    I  ill    li\     Sh  ,    . 

■.ill    C,  illiquid  ;    on   l!'<-    A    '1 

.lliil  III-  lliilliirl  II  i-  vin  •  .  I  . 

1.     Ii  cont.ii.iA  K  \  >  I  li  I  -■  i 

I  iviT    I'll'!  I   I  ',    I   '.  -  .' ,: 
111  \»i  II  hi  I', ill.     '^1  \i  I  :• 

I. Is  'IMV  ;!,l  <    ;     !l:ll  .r    i  I  .      • 
lliir,  aril  .iliuni.        i  ',:■■  i 
•.IHiiv.iixiii,  .\ll-.|i.r.ii,       I 
lliflc  a:c  111  ..'1.   !.  ;,    >!  '.- 

iif  (.1  Hiiii  1  i'  In;'.  •    1    ■  - 
k  irli.i,  ill-  i^iii  ii'  ■'    >  ' 

.lUl.      ll   .■,.111    111, s  l'    in-  I        .        , 

r lifii;i  t.      I  \n-  !  \  1  I.I  !   I 

I  HUT   ll   iiii;  ai  111  •  111... 

loiiiis  ,1  u'lli'l;  li.  .1  I.  I'. 

I  a  luuliik  ial)k-  II  ui. 

i.M   u  ■.  ,T  i   f  \ir.v  \ .-,       : 
li-iiijii;.,    aii.l    M   lii  'i    I.     : 
|.v   !)•■'.  .  .i:!m  :   nil  li  .   ;    : 

,..i;l  1  .  r.-.-  I'.,.ili:.i  ill  t 

nl-    ,111(1  "I  •   '(i\  ,   .lU'l  11.' 

,    [iiualj  .(ll)     111    liHllii,  .■     1 

Iiil.ll  iii'  liilv  l'rip\  !iuf,  ,  ■'  i    ■. 
( '.ii'jili  :    ll  f  11  Mi'.>  '111  ■'  >  '  ■- 
iiili,  (I  i:i,  lir.ili   I,  c's  I. 
Ii.l\ui,  Kir.'ud  li\  ll'.s-  n.,.;:;ll 

\vf:,li,  Kill  111 >'i',  1.1.1  ■  '        ' 
|u'i'. 
1,1,  or  n.i'.i  kill  . I,  '■  1     11    - 
l' ,,.  ii.,iiiiil.ilns  ('I   '     I  ■   ■ 

Ll  (  ,:  lIlU  1,1  :     .ll.ii  ■.1.1'        .    . 

Iinaii!  iii'l.  It  '-'  "'  I  ''."  ' 
ii.  li>  liili'li\  'li'ii  I-  1 
!>■>;    \.  t,  lll'ill'^li  U   1-  I"  '  I' 

II  «  \  I  \  nil  oiiliili  i.i;  i  '.  - 
Liind  NM.li  lion  .111. I  '  ■'!'■  I'l 
L-  iiK  II  ilihK  ill'  1'.  I'  '1  ^1' 
|m.u!i-,tliat  i1k-  unaull  mm- 

iSwidcii  li.iM'  Ih'H''"  '"  "''" 

III  wlmh  ,11  miiiii  ill,  '111  <- 
1 ;,  ,il  ,1s  11K1I1'  I  1-1111,1  '  1-1 
iiy  ol  tin-  Suc'lcs,  a^  \>il!  ■■> 

|',,ii  ;l  ol  nidi  lundiiii  \ .     I  '''• 

liiii.i!'  d  on  du'  iiu  I  !■  '■'■- 

|r  il,i'  IVila,  uliiili  nm-  '"'■'■' 

Illllf.,     lUOl'l'     to     till       lillllll- 

Ll  |,1  miles  lloiil  I  I  I  ll,  •'  '1 
luMi  il'.c  (.(Uiiincs  (ll  \'  '  r   .- 

il'udi.i  li.rli  llic  H"i''"  I'H 
1,1111  1  on  li.i  iioiili,  I  'iij  ''  '- 
ll  IcKlli'.M.i  on  die  l.iillli-*"  ■'• 

,ilid  u.ili  11  d  li\    llrci-  t    .'' 

hs  .•lioul    p  iril,'-  loi  ■-'.,  .I'.'' 

1,(1  .Sunhv.ild,   iIh-  ciVi'ii  "' 

inoir.ll  ol'  ill,'  ns:  i'llc  i'..'  '. 

.      TIktc  au   kviial  dl'''.  1 

An;'  riii'iii '( 


F.UROrE.] 


S  \V  !■:  DEN. 


653 


Angirinania,  or  Angcrmaiilaml  15  honiulal  on  tli,; 
norili  In  Well  Botlinia  and  L^aiiland;  on  tiiL-  lad  by 
thf  <  iui|)li  ol  B,)llinia;  on  tile  liiulh  hv  Mfdoipidi.i  ; 
aii'l  on  tliL'  Will  iiy  J(.ni|iicrlaiu!.  It  is  above  yo  links 
in  Icnjii'i,  :w^\  near  a.  main  in  bieadtli.  Tlie  river 
Aii<:,eni\.'.ii-i'lodt  run',  ihroui:,!!  it;  iiiii  ii  is  a  nioiir.- 
taiiKKi,  loiinliy,  tull  ot  roeks  and  tori.lli;  li)  tli.U  there 
are  \eiy  k'vv  viil.lges,  and  iml.  one  toivii  ol  aiiv  Hole, 
\v'  ll  is  1  krnoland,  on  llie  Hollinie  (iuljiii,  uliere  il 
has  a  preiiy  '^kkk\  liarbour,  wiiieh  alliirds  ii  liinie 
tr.i.le.  It  iie^  about  70  miles  t'roiii  I  kui'.vickt'.vald  to 
llie  noiili. 

Inijitia,  jeiii|Hia,  or  leaipierLiiul,  iias  l/iplaiid  on 
tlie  nortli;  .•\n..;'jiin.inia  on  the  eall  ;  ,\kdol].adi.i, 
I  leili:ii;ia,  .;iid  iJakv.nli  on  tiie  loiitli;  and  llie  hi'.Ji 
mi'Uni.iiiis  ot  Norwav  on  tl-.e  well.  It  is  watered  In 
two  pri.ti\  eonii,.len'.bk'  rivers.  I  kre  are  no  eities,  or.lv 
a  K-'K  incoiiiideraiilc  villages  and  liainLis. 

Will  I!  nlinia,  thus  ealleil,  to  dii'iinpiiilh  i:  Irom 
C.i'iinia,  w'lieli  lies  on  the  oliiei  lide  ot'ilie  gulph,  ami 
Is  :dm,times  ealled  Eall  Botiini  i,  lies  aloii;.;  the  iiorilarn 
p.irl  1. 1  ihe  f^ulpli,  tiieiue  called  the  Bothnie  (iiiljili, 
wliieh  lioiinds  11  o'l  the  eall.  It  has  .\n!j,eriiiania  on  ilie 
loulli,  and  IS  kirrounded  by  Sweilllh  Lapland  on  li;e 
uell  and  north,  'riiat  part  ol' this  ]irjvii-.ce  wliicij  ji,  , 
alonj;  the  eoal!,  is  prettv  well  (le.ipled,  and  li.is  nianv 
Milages,  but  lew  low 'is  ol  i:\\\  no,e.  Tiie  lountrv  i. 
we!l  watered  by  leveial  ri'.ers,  whU;  ariie  from  tiic 
l.ik,  •  i,i  l.,iplaiKl.  The  ihiet  tii.s.is  lure  are  L'ma, 
kiila,  and  '("orno.  Tiie  latter  lia.i  a  guod  liarliour,  aii.l 
is  a  [jLice  oi  lume  trade. 

(i    0    T    II     I.    A    N     D. 

The  lee.ind  grand  divilVni  of  Swedi^n,  c:.]\.-A  (ioth- 
liiil,  <()iiiii,i,'.'s  l'',all-(iotiil,i:,il,  WLlL-Cjiiii.i.i.id,  aikl 
.Souih-fioilil.iid. 

ka!l-( jinid.md    iiieliides    the   countrv    jn'operly    1".' 
called,  Sm,iland,and  the  illand  ot  Oelaiul. 

l;;.ill  Ciolhland  I'roper  is  hounded  on  the  north  bv 
Sudermani.i  ;  on  the  eall  b)  llie  Baltic ;  on  the  well  by 
(l-.e  lake  \'eltei,  oi  \'eier,  a.ut  on  the  '.iuuli  bv  Sma- 
land.  It  is  a  kiliie,  open,  llai  cou;iti"\ ,  pruducinu' 
corn,  cUile,   lowi,   \eiiilon,   hlli,  ikc. 

The  chiet  toiMi,  ealled  N(jikopiiig,  ,wliii.ii  lerui 
implies  tiie  N'orihern  Market,;  is  populou'.,  kirgi, 
aiui  hath  conliderable  coniiiierce.  The  billiop  ot' 
Avranc!'.e',  in  mentioning  it   f.ivs. 


At  Norkoping,   where  copp,er-|)iates 

y\re  ll'  :,'d,  the  llcctls  our  'hiver  b.'.iis  : 

I  .ary.e  eoiir,  .ire  Iiere  inu  leN'd,  and  ihreails 

s  •  ,  ■ 

Form'd  ot  vail  length  tmin  eopi  er  iliieds : 
'!'  1  dilhmt  lands  ihek  pr'ji  ious  wans, 
In  loadi, I  lliip'!,  the  UKieliant  bears. 

The  place  !>  hkewil;  cikbiatnl  In'  a  lalnim  lilliery, 
wliit  ll  aliiiids  a  m.iint'.  n.iiKc  t"  m.iny  pei)|'it. 

Suiki-kopiivg,  a  town  ot  k' iie    i;ade,    llanik    on    a 

branrh  ;U  ll  .    I. a,  aL   ,.'    16  miLs  lij.u   the  Baltii' ;  is 

uiitorliticd,   lui!    l-..is   be.  n    remaikable  tor  lome  euiious 

crvll  .1    I  ,:i.s     wlneh     li.iu-    been   iiHiini   in  the  iieiLih- 

o 

biiiirl.VKl. 

I'm  iii'L,  t  1  I'll'  .-.ihv.iid  of  Suljivoping  llands 
Stigil.;::-'.'.  1'  :s  a  :':..-.'.l  1  ■  ..1,  I'.  .  'la.i  ;i  tokialile  har- 
bour, .  .Ill  '.Liie  ci.i,r,i  .;■'■. 

\\  ("i,  I.;-,  ,1.-  \  .md.ui,  il.i,  .led  0:1  •,!'.■  e.ilUrn  ba:;';  of 
the  kike  \  II...  .'.5  mile ,  il'' ;  lee  !  .1  1  N.irk.iping,  is 
only  riu.:i.  (,..'.  ie  I  'r  ihe  ri  i   -  1  1  i;i  .c    ..iit  rijal  paLiC'.'. 

Tie  l)';h.ip  of  Avra,  '.-  ,  i;;  I'l.il^i.'ig  of  |.;ail- 
Gotli'.a.id  ir.  geiier.'.!  t.uu  ,  fi)  s, 

Ni^'.v  wii.l  !'.    1-(;.i|',  l.,:,d's  b.  Ill   U  we  gain, 
Willie  bealls-tkiiis  cl'  tlie  eai  h  I'l.id  l.'.ain  : 
V'roll-hii  liieir  facts,  coarl'c  tii.ir  litre  ; 
Caps  (if  waiiii  frei/.e  tiie  wiikii  wear, 
Well  jolted  with  tlie  rug;.;.-d  w  i\, 
Each,  night  ;:i  ci.ttages  we  ia\ , 
No.  60. 


Which  ii]5riglit  trunks  of  trc.'s  comixjie  ; 
(JraN  on  the  tiirtv  cinering  grows; 
Wiiere  ilv-ep,  as  on  a  level  iiie.id, 
I'ndaunu.i,  unmolelled,  teed. 
J'he  root   iias  peepdmles — So,  'tis  faid, 
Tliy  temple,  Terminu  ,  is  nude. 

.Sinaland  is  lituated  between  Ead-Gotliiand,  tiie 
B.iitic,  Bleking,  ami  Hallantl.  It  is  170  miles  in 
ieiigih,  and  about  75  in  iireadth.  Ii  abounds  in  wood, 
c;uiie,  copper,  leaii,  iron.  Sec. 

Calmer,  tiie  cajiital  ot  tiiis  dillrid,  is  a  ver}-  con- 
hder.ibli..  city.  It  is  lituaud  160  miles  to  the  loutii- 
ward  ot  .Stocklioim,  and  built  iijion  a  llrait  ot  tiic 
Bahic,  called  Calmar  Sund,  '.vhicli  i.  lituated  o]ipofite 
to  llie  ille  of  Ociand.  It  is  divided  into  the  Old  and 
New  Town.  OKI  Calmer  is  famous  by  a  deed  ixe- 
cuteil  there  in  tlic'  year  iJ9Ji,  iiy  wiiich  tiie  tiiive 
1.  irthern  crowns  of  Sweden,  Norw.av,  and  iJenmaik, 
.".lie  fellled  on  liie  liea(i  (jf  ijueen  Margaret.  Tliis 
IS  calletl  in  hillur\,  the  union  ol  Calmar.  la-iek, 
■M.irgaret's  fuccelior,  tiamded  IJ  preiiends  lieie,  and 
g,i'.e  a  decree,  iiy  whicii  lie  jiut  tlie  cliureli  ot  Calmar 
■irnong  tlie  colie'.iiate  ones.  After  the  divilion  ot  tiie 
crowns,  wiiicii  the  talai  union  ni  Calmer  li.ul  uniied, 
tiiis  citv  became  ,i  trontier  town,  witii  regard  lo  the 
Oancs,  who  were  in  poli'eirion  ot  Schonen.  It  was 
often  taken,  re-Iaken,  and  plundered;  and,  t.i  om- 
piete  ils  ruin,  was  burnt  down  lo  the  ground  in  the 
jeiu'    1547;   nothiiig  efcaping  tiie  fire  but  llie  church. 


.iii'l   about  threelcore   lioules.     Son  atlcr  this   mislor 
tune,  the   iie.v  city  wa    built    at   a  muU|uel   lliol's  dif- 

in  a  little    Illand    called 
is   large,  tb.e    llreets  arc 


tanee  trom    die   Old   Town, 

(i)i\.irniioim.      This  nev/  city  .     -  ^~,  

liroad  and  llraii,  and  the  houles  well  built;  but  the 
t  iwn  is  not  p,o|iulous.  Tlr;  "ew  hirtifications  confifl: 
only  of  thick  wails,  built  with  large  pebble  ilones 
I. 'ken  out  of  tlie  lea,  ami  a  few  rani[iart.s  iiuiit  only 
with  land,  and  tiieretore  lu|>ported  by  another  wall, 
which  the  li.'a  lurrounds  almolt  on  all  fides,  cxcej't  the 
g.ite.  The  lilualion  of  this  city  renders  ■  very  flrong, 
all  tiie  avenues  to  it  iieing  full  of  marlhe^  or  cut  otF 
bj-  water  trom  the  ka,  wliich  abounds  here  with  rocks, 
lietween  wiiich  there  are,  as  it  were,  U>  man,'  ab_\  lies, 
that  it  is  impolTibie  lo  ajiproacii  ll.e  plice,  citlier  in 
Ivais,  on  iiorfeback,  or  on  toot.  (In  the  lea-tide  there 
is  a  long  iiiok'.  built  with  tione,  along  which  boats 
and  lhi])s  riile  kcure.  I'his  mole  i;  defeniled  by  a 
foitiefs,  caiicil  (irimlkar,  liuilt  at  a'.-.oi;t  50  paces  from 
il,  on  a  roek  furroundeel  liy  tiic  fca,  and  wliere  a  gar- 
riliui  is  conllaiuiy  kejit.  Behind  the  Old  Town  (lands 
tlie  callle,  wiiich  is  of  \ery  dillicull  acccls,  hav'uig  011 
one  lide  liie  fea,  wiiicii  is  full  of  rocks;  and  on  tlie- 
"ilier  good  ramparts,  large  baftion',  and  ditciics  full 
of  water.  Tliis  ciiv  is,  at  prefent,  tlie  rclldencc  ot  a 
luperintendant  for  llie  ginernmenl  ot  llie  ckrgy,  wiio 
is  inmoLired  with  a  pi  ice  in  tlie  laiiilic  cmilillory  of 
ilie  kingil'im.  Tliis  is  a  town  of  g.)' id  ira.Je,  and  tlie 
l;aliii;;e  from  Sweden  into  (k'rmany. 

W'e.'.io,  a  billiops's  fee,  wlieie  lome  ot  llic  lirft 
l-'anlers  of  Clirillianit)  lie  buried,  Ikind  on  tiie  banks 
of  the  lake  Salem,  and  is  45  miles  dillant  Irom  C''.niar, 
t'lwards  tiie  nortii-well. 

Wellerwick,  fikelio,  and  Jonkioping,  are  p.laces  of 
f  line  trade,  and  wort  iiy  of  note  on  tiiat  .iccount  ouij . 
.\  iaie  ingeniou',  traveller  has  favoured  us  wlili  tlie  fol- 
knving  curious  account  ot  liis  journey  from  1  kilin- 
burgi'iic  lirll  town  in  liic  Swedilli  dominions,  on  the 
id.'  of  '\nmark'i  to  Jonkioping.  li  runs  tluis  :  "  I 
I  rolled  the  ceiebr.it.'d  paliiige  ot  the  , Sound,  tli  nigh  it 
lilew  \ery  iiiiii.  We  were  ovi.r  in  a  little  more  i.!:'ii 
liair  .111  hour.  ,\t  !  kiilnburg,  wiiere  I  cnterid  the 
Sw.dilh  liominioiis,  I  liad  tlie  pli.ifure  of  viewing  lite 
lieautifui  i.mdk.ipe  reverted,  wiiicii  i  ind  li-en  tlie 
preceding  evening,  Ir.im  the  illand  ol  /.ealan.l. 
W  liich  of  tiie  two  is  actually  the  moll  charming,  I 
ie.ive  connoilk'urs  to  determine.  I  drove  :.o  miles  in 
tiie  aftcnioon,  and  was  then  obii'.',ei|,  by  the  apiM-oaiii 
iC.  '  '  of 


<■    ll 


'•Mf 


I  lii 

W 

:) 
!  I 
t  1 


il 


m 


1 , 


6s4 


A  NT.W   AM.  Al'THKNTlC  ^Y>ri,M  or   IMM.RSAI.  (-l.ix 


.\ri!' 


f.t  ni"Iit,  aiul  the  vv.uii  ot'lioills  to  Hop  :it  ;i  iiiifcniiil'.- 
little  inn,  or  r.ithi'r  i;ibiii,  wlv.'iv  1  louM  procuri."  m- 


ung 


lu-lkl 


Ics  nu 


ilk.      1 


lUm  n    liw 


hour- 


loath^,  and  tlu-n  ^oi  into  the  c;;rriag,e  at  thrc. 


Ill  the  iiiormnj; 


1  hv.l  I  iiiHli-rlloo',1  ]iroi'Crly  the  man- 


nci   ot  tnivciiiai;   in  th.-.  ooiintry 


whu'h  i:  to 


lend  a 
>roi  uic 


latiiL'c  lo  woivt--;  or  bear,  ailn-li- 
imoniy  touiul  in  iholl"  fO'int:;.".  :'.r,' 
I  |ioinilatioii ;  Init  ih.e  iiealiint-  .Mv, 
I  were  only  in  lir.all  iuiiii'ner%  im!  r..: 
Iiear«,  iheiv  are  not  aiiv. 


pealiint  tor\sar.l  trom  every  potl-houte,  lo  _ 
liorl'es  ill  readinel's,  1  IhoukI  ha\e  cknihtleli  made  a 
(.■oaliderablo  (iroj^veh  on  my  way ;  bin  a'-  I  neglect eii 
this  iK-eeHary  lU-p,  1  was  obliged  to  wait  at  every  llagc 
ill  hmir  or  two,  while  tiic  horles  were  inoui^^ht  tixnii  the 
Meig,hb'.auii'.y,  \ili:iiie-. 

"   I  was  loi'icd  to  tpend   llii-  n!^'jit  in  a  more  del 
•ind  dirty  hovel  than  the   lirll.  where    1   wra-ipi 

I'elf  in  my  great  coat,  and  llepi  upon  a  table 

morning,  when  I  eoiitinvied  my  journey,  the  whole  al 
pea  of  nature  was  el.anp.i.d.  The  ihow  lay  up.ni  the 
;',rouiKi  two  feet  deep;  and  liie  winter  leemeil  to  h.i\e 
renewed  it^  empire  ovtr  tiieie  inholpitable  plai^^,  lioiii 
whence  the  IhiilinL!;  month  ot  Ma\  eannot  banilli  him. 
In  hope^  of  reaeliuig  Jonki>)ping  at  ni!;l;t,  1  let  out, 
however,  in  defiance  ut  tf.e  inclenieiuv  ot  the  weather, 


Lite 
111'.  - 
In  the 


aiiliii.i; 


feel-.  • 


r 


lie  pcalants  are 


■il 


.,1  1, 


to   I 


lei  U'l  l; 


nefs  izratJu!  for  tf.e  third 


of  a  I. ..hi 


liiiileU  lei  inu  ivili/ed  and  bail larou-.  tli.m 
be  tempieil  lo  lii];pole  tiom  the  a|  pe.iraiu 
think 


i:U 


,1 


.1 


■ill. 


1  l.ld 


liol    1, 


which,  from  having  been  ver\    warm,   was  become,  in 

and   [;iercing  as  our  IXcuiilKr-. 

tcit.ihx   uiiattectcil   by  tin.  fuddeii 

iivi    priKkue  any  eh.ing^-  in  their 

i    and   ll'.e  [-ealaius,  boili   men  and 

barefooted   as   before.      The    fiunv, 

however,  conlpirin'',  w.ili   the  \.aiit  of  hortes,  prevent 


a  tew  hours,  a-^  colil 
The   drivers   leaned 
alteration,  which  eliJ 
drelb  or  doathing 
women,  were    all 


ed  me  from  reaching  Jonkioping,  and  I  llaid  all   nis^lit 


at  a  houfe,  which,  t'or  horror  ot  liiuation,  1  never  remem- 
ber jiaralleled.  Il  1-  ijuite  tlelacheel  from  any  village 
or  hamlet,  and  il.e  Ipot  on  wliieh  it  Hands  is  a  bare 
rock,  detVnute  of  ain  covering  or  earth,  and  fu'Toinid- 
fd  o;i  (.very  fide  by  the  liecp.ell  woods  it  is  poffible  lo 
conceive,  and  in  which  1  had  not  fecn  one  human  crea- 
ture for  two  leagues  before  my  arrival.  Yet,  in  this 
fituation,  fatigue  nude  me  fleep  very  found,  and  my 
fervant  bv  me,  till  three  in  the  morning,  when,  with 
the  return  of  the  day,  I  entered  my  carriage,  and  left  thi.-. 
mod  melandiolv  and  wretched  habitation.  Mail  I  bcLii 
in  .Spain  or  Portugal,  1  own  my  tears  woukl  have  kept 
nie  awake,  and  1  (hould  have  recollee'ted  every  difiiial 
recital  o(  muriiers  and  alladinatioiv ,  which  luirfes  or 
novels  had  informed  me  ot;  but  here  thole  accidents 
rarciv  or  never  !ia]'pen,  .v/A  one  may  travel  in  jierfect 
fafetv. 

''  I  got  to  Ionkioi)ing  the  n.'xt  morning  about  ten 
o'clock,  and  giadly  er^ioxed.  a  lew  hours  ot  relaxation  af- 
ter fo  nianv  unpleafing  occurrences,  it  is  diflkiilt  to 
give  ,v  j  icture  I'f  the  country  through  whiJi  i  i),ilie<l 
from  Ikhingburg,  the  colours  of  which  \ou  will  not 
ima'Miic  are  ln.ig!itened  bv  lancv  or  invention.  'I'lie 
firft  twenty  mile>  exhibited  fonie  tew  m.-irks  of  culiiva- 
tiun  and  agriculture  ;  ami  though  there  was  not  one 
colle:lion  of  huts  or  lioufes.  wh.ic  h  lould  be  denominateil 
a  village,  yet    !'c 


;nl  I... 

i,  ^olh. 

aiih'rv  .,.  I  A 


IllIlL 


1    llie  I  leciiliuii 

to  ci'.rry  v.nie  .uid  pn.vilion^  willi  me,  I  iiiul!  |ia\i'  h..., 
.■.liiu.ll  Ihuved  in  in\  journ  ■■ ,  lliii.i.Ji  tlitl'e  niilu.-.bk- 
lirovince>,  wliere  I'le  pealants  are  ilrang^rs  (o  c\.:\ 
kind  of  aliment,  except  bre.id,  and  filt  pork  or  liih. 
It  i%  indeoil,  a  iiuellion  wlieilier  the  foriikr  of  i'kL- 
delerves  the  n.iiiie  of  bread,  as  it  is  a  conijiound  .-1  i- ,_■ 
and  oati;  among  which  lliej  ir.ii.gle,  in  time--of  d,-'.  di 
and  laniine,  a  kiiul  ot  (li  ur  made  of  tin  inieriial  i.,.ik 
ol  Iree^  ralped  :  il  i-  ol  a  i^luir  a]]r  ,i-' 
and  ol  a  talk'  wlilth  vi'U  mull  be  a.  I 
torelilh. 

"  M\  lervanl,who  is  a  <  lermap.,  and  h.is  u,;i,d-:\  I 
over  half  I'kirope  in  various  fervice-,  wa.  ijuiio  ureil 
wiih  tour  d.nys  ot  fuch  niiiL-rable  aceommcKlaiiou,  and 
rxclaiii'.id  in  a  raiilure,  at  ihe  liglii  of  tlii>  plate,  lir.c 
It  was  L-  piraJii  tevrejlre.  It  i-,  iiuleeil,  of  iiftit,  \ 
verv  neat  countiv  town,  and  moll  delightfullv  liniaic  ! 
on  the  lake  WiKr.  1  looki  d  down  liom  i!ie  n  i'  o; 
llie  church  on  it ;  aiitl  the  turroiinding  meadow 
were  all  cultivated  after  the  deleris  1  had 
were  peculiarly  grataul  to  ihe  eve.  T 
whah  is  near  2oo  l-'ngiiih  miles  in  lengiii, 
biyond  the  view,  to  the  north,  and 
the  ua,  t;:a:.  a  j.iece  ot  inland  watei 
Thoifle  ot  Oiiaiid  will  be  d.-icribed 
which  are  contiguous  tci,  and  f 
tlom  ol  Sweden. 

Wcll-fiolhland  is  a  large  province,  having  S.n.i- 
land  on  liie  foutli-eatl,  Halland  on  llie  fouih  will,  liie 
river  (iothelba  on  the  norili-v.ell.  In  ',vl<icli  il  is  \\,'\  \ 
from  tlie  government  of  llal.ule,  aiu!  ihc  piovin,.-  o! 
Dalia  :  on  ilie  r.ortli  ii  lia^  the  Like  \\  eiiner,  ap.i' 
Vermeland  ;  and  on  the  eall  il  Ins  Tim  ,,r  V 
and  llie  lake  \  elter,  which  ilivid 
'and   I'roiicr.     It    is  watered  bv 


lie 


.  V. 

pa 

lake    in. 

Menu-. 

r.'.lher   rele.i.i 

in   thole  ill..: 
nm  a  j  art  ui,  i;w  k,: 


la!. 


ail 


IS  part   ot    .Ni.i:...i, 
it  from  r,all-(ioil\ 

,-••      ■  .■  '''■"'}'  ''''^es  and   r;v.;  , 

and  abound,  with  ixa'llenl  pallure-,  where  great  quau' 
titles  of  cattle  are  bred,  and  the  ciiiiiiry  is  u.rn.1'.  !  i'V 
the  f.ile  ol  iliiiii. 

llie  moll  conliderable 


alter 


;cl  ci'Hage-,  and  a  little  jiloughed 
land,  amidfl  an  iminenfe  w.iile,  intbrmed  the  pallenger 
that  It  was  not  loia.liy  unoccupied  or  unpeo|,kd.  Hut 
as  I  :u'v.inrfd  fi'lher   into  liie  province  of  .Scania,  and 


aft 


Pi 


into  that  otSm.i'.and.,  even  tliele  faint  traces 
fif  huina,!  rtfidaKe  \aiilllied.      Groves  of  lir  or  afpin 

the  courfe  ot  6o  miles,  I 
lets. 


atterwar.ls 


,1  t! 


coverei 
tan  atfir'r. 
ViUaK..  tl 
to  iir 
1  r  fee  in 
tic. illy 
i.iunti  nai.ci. 


ci  '.^nirv  ;  ami 
I  I'aw  not  I'jo 


and   not  lo  liaui 


oth 


.,e  are  r.ot  any.     1  li  ive  drove  from  one  llage 
of  12'""  \.\  f.nglilh  miles,  vvilhoiit  meeting 


ig  a  \\\ 
1 


pirion,   l:!ougli 


1  cad 


mv  eyes  imiia 


eiv    fide,    in    ho'.ies    l' 


dil 


mp: 
Icern    the 


:na:,v 


,1,11  avaiui.s 


.  the    lir-,  on   eilher  fide   the  ro.id 
as  noble  as  tliole  wlia.li   are  often  plinlei 


nvei 


— ..- towns  are  11,1.  loil.,wing: 

(loti'-nbuigh,  or  Mollibury,  wliiih  llands  on  li.e.--.! 
r-R.K.i.  or  C'ategate,  on  the  fouriiAni  braiRli  a  il 


Cothelb'.,  which  there  l.ilh  iiiio  the  li.i, 
lornis  ilu-  harbour  ot'  ihi^  iil\,  i,  lyo  miles  di; 
Irom  Caliiur  tuwauK  the  w^l),  and  ;;5  from  Si 
holm  l.>  the  loulli-wilk  li  i^  not  .'.i.  aiuinu  '•• 
belli' 


•.!!' 


nk- 


bllilt    111   thv   V 


leiiiii  "I 


Char! 


rxt  1607,   under  tl 
Ills    luccelliirs   liavt  granted  it  great  |' 


vileges.  bv  which  it  ij  bevome  a  conliderable  in. ill.  I'l.i 
Dutch  drive  a  large  Iradi  line,  in  the  war  of  i').f4, 
the  Danes  exerted  their  utmoit  ifl'nis  to  ruin  ihiMiiv, 


but  to  no  jiurpole;  a 
lince,  that  il  is  now' 
towns  in  the  kinudom. 


nd   il    I 


Kis  been  lo  vvil 
me   ol    the    llion'.ill 


lOlU    I 


fiolU 


.irii.ti 


•oni  It-  liiu.;;,  )!i,  mu'. 


anv 


fea-! 
on  lu 


jrl   in  Sweden  tor  ir.ide  ;   vet    tlie  (.oionurce  ...in 


i.   not  lo  much 


al    Sio.l.i 


01111. 


"I      .. 
.Swedilh     t'..i!l 


the    eiilMiii' 
ouiili  the  wn' 


111.";. 


.ifii< 


to  pal.ues,  or  iioblemens   le.lU ,    .ind 
V-  v..'.    Ij  r.  :A  .1  kind  of  rude  and  gloomy 
luper.idded  lo    their  lilelice   and 


k,.;elinefs,  very  (Iro.'igiy  :itiecli:d  the 


id.     I'lv 


tirds  kern   to'l.ave  abandoned  lliefe   ilreary   fon 


en  the 
■If.      1 


heard 


.ir    fivv    none,  except 


idpecke 


and     lieiv. 


anl  then  a  <.u>.kuo.     1  wiiciuirej  if  they  diel  not  atfurd 


Norko'iiini;  e\ceedeil  11  ;  but   tiie  clkdilillin-ii  ni 
India  compain    ha.'   has    Ih..m 
gre;.t   .uiv.ml.ige  to  It,   b^    bringing   ir.Ukii  otUr  ua. 
1.1  lh.it  now  It   is   the  leiond  port   in 


here    large    maga/.ines 


1" 
nd 


Sivedv 
vvarehoiik- 


exceeding 

reenir.i:'  tlit 


ilock  tor  bu 


ikliiig,   re|  aning,  aiv 
'I'here  are  alio  ai  <  lOiiLiilnir ; 


vi  r: 


1. 


liable  (.liureiu 


llie    aileiial    and    towii-houle    ar 
1  he 


among  oilier  huiklr  ■ 

itl\      lOlllldillOi 


llierce  of   this  plan'i.verx    ihrivtiig;  .ind  I 


ln.r  of  liups  belonging  lo  1 


I. 


\LM% 


p.all,  I 


icell    much    uj.on    inc    inueJ 


in-li-  ;iii:in.il-    .i-  .     i;^ 

:',iv.:  y'.X'  ^^'^  \\'.:,\  .  .  i 

;'.ll\i:.-il  i!ii-,  ;'  v'  •  ...    : 

i\  "..;.■',]  \.:\:-   ■:..;  :    :  , 

!;n:v.i. ':•..•  In  i  I.'.'k  u,  v.' 
;  ..I  .1  l...lli  cni-.;, ,  .',  .1  1,1- 
lii.iroii--  lli.m  I'll','  V  i-ukl 
the  :i|  pciniiKf  «it  ^■,,;', 
lot  l.ik.'ii  till-  |.rcc.im;(,ii 
til  111'.-,   I  iiiul!  h.uc  l)..u 

iliioi.Ji  ili^il-milir.U.lL- 

.UV  lliaili;,|-s  I,)  L'V.yy 
I,  and  l-ilt  j..irk  rr  lilh. 
iluT  ilu-  luriii,  r  (i('  I'l..!.- 
^  ii  i'  :i  umiiK.iiiul  ni  i.c 
'.iiigli',  in  timeout'  il.-vih 
wmW  ut  till.  iiikTiini  i.;>il, 
Hir  .I'i'i'r  "uhiiii;  :n  1  1 1.  ;., 
ill  1h-  a,  huii.'iy  .1-   I  ,^.■.^ 

.■r!li:'.r;,  ai'.il  has  u,;i.,;-\  I 
k'rvicL'S  \va.  (.[uiio  uw\ 
,b!o  actoiiimiKl.uiwii,  a;i,l 
■  ll^hl  ol  ihi-i  iiluc,  l;!,.c 
It  i-,  iiulieil,  of  it;;. it,  .1 
moll  ili.h_^httully  lituak'  I 
I  ilcwii  li')!!)  i!k'  ii'|i  o; 
Toiiiulit'.::,  nicadou  ,,  v.iiiiii 

0  ilcliTis    1   had    jalia!, 
lie  I'Vc.     TIr-  lake    Hi..:, 
Ics  in  icii^tii,  extcMu-.   ... 
rth,   p.nd  r.uhcr  i-cli.-.i,. 
md  wat.r." 

d.-liribtd   in   thole  ill.-.  .. 

1  luim  a  ]  an  oi,  tii^  l..;,_j- 

lo    pro',  liuc,  havitiL',  S:n.i- 

jkI  on  the  louth  \\i.ll,  \  -.c 

'.(.■ll.  In  wI'.kIi  il  i.-.  ji..:';    ! 

\.\iU\  and  ilic  i)ro\i;i.  j  '^ 

L-  l.ikc  \\  i-nncr,  ai'.d  [  .iii  ■ : 

L    it     lias   Jiait    nt'    Nt;!,.;, 

vidcs   it  tVom  l'.ail-(lol;i 

n  uiaiiy  l.iki.->  and  i:\. ;  , 

alliirL-,  whciv  i.'.rfai  quan 

f  fi'liiilry   I  ,  I  iiln.h.  '.   i'V 

IS  aiv  till  toil.iuini; : 

uhlih  llands  on  i!,i'."-i  i  .i 
K'  101111!  .  rn  liraiuh  ol  ilir 
I, ill-,    mio   ihc    ka,  ..!!■! 

ll\ ,     l>     i;o    liulcs    (ll'.':.i  ;'. 

H,  and    :25   iVoiii  Si  n  k- 
i^    not    .',!    an(.ii-nt  ;-....., 

',  under  the  rcigii  ol  kin-^; 
have  <i,|-;vnti-d  it  gri.il  j-n 
a  (.onridiralik-  ni.iil.     11. i. 

K-IL-.      In  iIk-  war  ot  i'j.h. 

oil  ifl'irls  to  ruin  ihi^  >  ii ., 
li.l->  lifin  to  Will  i'uviu  1 
'I    tl;c    llron;,c  11   ii'.a;-i;i;iiv- 

1:1,  n\u'.!;  i-\i  icd,~  any  'n;  1 1 
\\-|  the  eoiimcrce  >  .;i  -•'■ 
al  Sioi  Liiolni.  1  oriiie'.. 
rp.e  eil,;!)h!lur.i  n;  o;  1.  ■- 
ly  Jul--  ha-,  liei.'i  "'  ■.  ; 
|ii;i,inL;  iv.iiili  ot!  ir  I'ad  . 
d  p'.)rt    1:1  .^^sed^-Il.      I  .■•■■ 

and    w.U'choiiU--,  Vv  1  i     ■ 
uildniu,   i\\  ailing,  aiv'  i.  • 
.-ui-  alio  III  « ,oiuni">ur ',  ' 
nl,   anion;;  oilier  iuiildr  ;  . 
e    arr    |i"-liy    eonlidi'i  u>i  , 
I-  i .  \er\   ihrivinj.;;  and  1  .. 
1   Ii,   h.i\'.-  lor  inele  H'.  ■  ;• 
>:i    I  lie     nil  K.i'..-.       I'l-.' 


EUROriv] 


.s  W  F.  D  I-:  \. 


6;< 


trade  leenr.  to  lie  'Jjeltinp,  nnuh  more  anioiv^ll  tlu-le 
northern  n;itions  tl;iUi  tornierly. 

The  uintiiiu,  ol  the  i(k-  ot  Man,  however,  to  llie  c  ro<.^  n 
of  Cireat  Hritam,  wlnre  the  nierchani-^  of  ( loitenlmri', 
a-;  well  as  thole  ot  Copenhagen,  had  conlider.iiik'  ma- 
gazines of  Ivill  Inf'ia  i^oods,  was  a  tei-rih'.e  lofs  lo  the 
Swcdilh  and  Danili.  •  omiianies." 

Siv.ira,  Skaren,  'r  Skar,  a  bilhopV  f.c,  ahoiil  12 
miles  dilhint  from  I'.e  i;ike  W  eniKi'  to  the  lijutls.  and 
b4fro;ii  Cioiienhurg  to  the  norih-well,  was  the  feat  of 
the  aiuiinl  kin-^s  ot  Swede:-,  and  l;ad  a  palace,  one 
of  the  Ihteliell,  not  oi'ly  in  tl'.e  nortii,  hut  in  all  l''.u- 
rope,  .!S  mav  llill  be  iudj;eil  bv  its  liruation,  wah^, 
and  llrudure.  It  is  now  a  delentelefs  town,  thou;'Ji 
forme rh  the  iiietrojiolis  of  Weli-Ciotiiland.  Near  the 
like  \\  .  niier,  and  tlic  aneirnt  palaee  juli  mentioned, 
lland--  the  mountain  i.illed  Kindakulie,  which  i.  vcr-.- 
high,  and  produces  al!  kinds  ol  herbs  ami  ]i!ant  ,  i\- 
lepi  \i:;'.--.  f'.verv  thing  f,r(;w  there  naiui-allv  ;  and 
ihi  mi''iinl;-.in,  whieh  in.l}  be  deemed  one  of  the  mull 
I  uiil'ul  in  the  north,  is  alii>  one  of  the  moll  delightful, 
i!iroui;li  the  w.irbling  ot  an  iniiniie  ii'i;:;i>er  i)f  birkli 
ti-.at  mi^t  Ik  re. 

I-inkoping,  or  ladi.oping,  whieh  implies  the  nv.'..-t 
t'fl.ida,  thinds  on  the  lake  \\  enner,  at  the  mourli  ot 
tl;e  river  I. -da,  w-hieh  there  talh  inti>  tlie  Like.  It  i~ 
15  miies  dillani  tiom  .Sk.irii.  Concerning  this  place 
the  bilhop  ul  -Vvraneiies  lays. 


Wide  br.iiK  hing  [lines,  as  on  wc  pad, 
A  utleom-'  lliade  aroumi  us  call  : 
The  nighl  o'eilook  us  at  a  town 
.Nam'd  l.mkoping,  lo  tame  well  knov.ii, 
Wher-.-  l;r:l  their  breatli  the  Ma3,iii  drew, 
j.ii.imnes  iiul  Olaus  too. 

The  \r.igni  :ibove  alluded  to  were  the  t-A'o  celebrated 
brothers,  vi/,,  Johannes  Magr.us  arihbilhop  of  L'|)lal, 
the  author  of  the  Swcdilli  hiltovv ,  and  Olaus  his  bro- 
ther, who  lucceeded  him  in  the  arihb.'hoprie,  and 
\u-oie  a  treat  ill- on  the  manners  (-ulhuus,  and  wars  ot 
the  n- -11  hern  nation-. 

There  are  in  this  p.rovince  I'.vo  other  cities,  Tal- 
copii-i.;,  and  .M.irielladi,  bul  iiiilher  is   conliJerabl-.-. 

\'t'rnKlanl,  or  Wernieland,  iias  Deleeariia  on  tlie 
i.or.'h,  Wclleriii.mia  and  Wrieia  on  the  call,  the  lake 
\\\.nn.'ron  tii.-liulh,  and  .\  )rwa\ ,  with  i)art  ot  D.i- 
li.i,  n;i  IJK-  \\.0.  lis  gre.u.  I'r  extent,  Ironi  call  I'l 
\\i.ll,  is  :ui,  u"-  .;;  nii!es;  a,,d  tro.i.i  ii'Mth  to  tout i-, 
•I'out  144.  Il  has  man}-  l.i!>e'.  and  marlhes,  is  b;it 
in.lifilreiitlv  cliIio  .J.d,  uiitl  llii'h'  peopled.  Here 
are  f'ome  iiiinei  oi  ircn,  antl  one  01 ;  .i[<per. 

The  ehiei  !o-.vjis  are  Carloll.-.d,  or  Carliuul,  built  bv 
CiiarleslX.  kii.g of  S-,^ed.n,  I'hillipllad,  and  Kulcoy.  ' 
Maiiii,  'Ahi.  h  tUe  Swedes  ijxil  Da.d,  one  of  the 
(.li:ii;ell  [losiiKe--  in  the  kiiigdoi-.l,  i-,  inextinl,  trom 
iioiih  to  foul h  .iliout  84  ir.iii... ;  and  trom  eall  tou-ti;, 
not  .ibovi.  24.  It  i^  full  of  niountain--,  lake.^,  aiul  ri- 
vers, whiih  tall  into  ihe  lake  Winner,  and  has  ])rett\ 
iMiod  |ialliires  i.ir  can';.,  whuh  are  ol  larger  li/.e  th.in 
i.i-diiiiirv  ;  I  ul  I'therwilc  the  i nuntry  is  b;irren.  1  ).ile- 
leburg  IS  the  ehlel   pl.Ke  in  this  provinee. 

South  (roihland  l.:is  Kill  and  Well -Ciothland  on  the 
north,  iind  is  furrounded  every  where  clfe  by  the  I'eii. 
Il  is  divided  into  thr.e  iirovinees,  liall.ii-Kl,  Sehonen, 
and  Uleking. 

[Iiil'.md  h:is  the  lea  "(  Denmark,  or  Categate,  on 
ilie  louih--.vell,  Sil.rii.ili  on  ll-,e  louth,  and  jiart  ot 
[•■.ail-f.iolhiand,  and  Well-f  ic,ilil.uid,  on  the  no'-th-e:-.l! 
;;i,d  111, nil.  Il .  e\teiit,  al  )iv_i,  the  li.-a-ioall,  is  about 
-5  miiis;  bul  ik  greatel  briadth  is  not  above  22 
miles.  This  il  a  ple.l.ii;!  and  Iruiil'ul  country,  which 
b.'longe.l  fonueilv  to  D.-iim.iik,  but  u.is,  in  1645,  en- 
gageil  to  the  Swedes  a.,  alecuiiu  for  a  tree  palkige  ot 
liie  Sound  ;  and  w.is  atlerwards  vielded  to  d'em  for  ever 
by  tlie  to  at  \  .  f  Rokhill. 

The  ihiet  towns  lure  are  I  hi-  tollowing:  Ilalmflad, 
the  capital  of  this  [irovince,  has  a  good  harbour,  iind 


Is  a  place  of  trade.  It  was  tciriiried  b\  Ciirii'ian  1\'. 
king  of  OenniP.rk,  but  yieldeil  to  S-.veden  by  the  treaty 
ot   Rromlhro  in  1645. 

I.aholm  luis  a  citadel,  and  good  harbour. 

halkenbelg   is  a  Ici-jxirl,  di tended   byacai'le. 

Will  berg  is  a  linall  town  with  a  ilrong  caftle,  and 
a  kirge  harbour. 

Sclionijn  is  a  peninfub,  feparated  from  Zealand  by 
the  Sound,  which  wallies  its  coal!  on  the  well.  It  i-i 
bounded  on  the  north,  partly  by  llalland,  and  partly 
In  Sm.aland:  on  the  eall  it  has  jiart  of  Hleking,  and 
the  Baltic  lea,  which  waters  it  alii)  on  the  t'uuth.  It  is 
about  80  miles  trom  north  to  louth,  and  about  60  from 
eall  lo  wed.  As  it  is  the  mod  timthern,  it  is  alio  the 
mod  fruitful  province,  abounding  with  corn,  cattle, 
fowl,  and  all  conveniences  of  life.  It  has  alio  mines 
of  lilver,  lead,  and  iron.  This  |)roviiice  belonged 
tormerly  to  the  Danes,  but  was  yielded  to  the  Swedes 
in  1660.  The  Danes  again  lei/.ed  the  gre.;tetl  part  of 
it  in  1676  and  1677,  but  were  obliged  to  redore  it  to 
the  Swedes  by  the  treat)-  concluded  at  Fontainbleau  in 
l-'ninee,  September  16,  1679.  This  province  is  fub- 
ji  '1  to  be  the  theatre  of  war,  whenever  any  breaks  out 
between  Swed.en  and  Denmark,  becaule  of  the  ]iro.\i- 
niit\  ol  thefe  two  kingdoms. 

Notuithllanding  the  tVuitfulnefs  i-if  this  ]irovincc, 
ihe  bilhop  of  .\vranches  ijicaks  of  it  in  the  t'ollowin"' 
words : 

Spite  ot  the  wind's  tempcduous  roar, 

\Ve  crofs'd  the  Sound  to  .Schonen's  Ihore, 

Our  hod  there  cook'd  a  llrange  repall, 

Delicious  to  a  Gothland  tafle. 

He  kindly  urg"d  us  Hrd  to  cat. 

Sprinkled  -vvith  latfron,  I'alted  meat: 

I'lien  on  board  at  once  ajipear 

Raw  mutton-tliikes,  dry'd  currants,  beer, 

Sweet -fccntcd  herbs,  rice  pounded,  wine, 

Cloves,  and  quick  pepper,  lifted  fine. 

The  'able  latl  lull  man\  apound 

Ofgnigcr,  butter,  lugar,  crown'd  ; 

\\  itii  milliard,  honey,  fennel,  oil. 

And  coriander.     All  the  toil 

And  (kill  of  Hecate  coukl  ne'er. 

In  St\gian  ihades,  I'uch  cates  ]ji-epare  ; 

Nor  worfe  tiie  drug-^,  if  t.une  be  true, 

\\  hich  unrelenting  llep-dames  brew. 

I'-ach  dilli  untouch'd,  we  hatle  a-Aay, 

Relolv'd  to  travel  night  and  da\ . 

Thro'  lir-trce  forells,  l.irge  and  brown, 

Wc  pats  to  (iothlanders  well  known. 

Our  tliirll  ,uth  protler'd  me.ad  we  flak'd  ; 

Thev  then  brought  billuils,  whiih,  well  bak'd  , 

\\'itli  liilt  iindiin'mon  thev  [irepare, 

And  hariienin  the  Imoke  anil  :iir  : 

Your  knife  can  no  imprefllon  make ; 

Then,  in  its  lle.ad,  a  hammer  take. 

I.uden,  the  capit.".!  of  this  province,  was  foritierlr 
the  fee  of  an  arclibilhop ;  but  in  165S,  when  t'le 
Swedes  took  the  cit\,  thai  dignitv  w.xs  removed  to 
Copenhagen;  and  it  is  now  only  an  epilcojial  lee.  It 
was  adorned  with  an  univerlity,  ererted  by  Charles  IX. 
in  1668,  which  ha^  i/i-iiduced  en.inent  men;  and  parti- 
cuhirK  the  celebrated  Samuel  I'utfendoiti":  but  tliis 
uni\enity  has  been  lupprelied. 

I.uden  was  formerly  a  very  ronfider.ible  city,  in 
which  were  22  churches,  whereof  the  cathedral  ot  St. 
I.iuvrence  is  a  miignilieeiu  Ihiiolure,  having  a  very  high 
t'pire,  which  is  a  land-mark  for  liiilors  ;  and  a  clock  ot 
the  moll  ingenious  loiitrivance,  laid  to  be  tlie  work  ot 
C.il'per  Rarlholiinis.  It  not  i-inly  lliews  the  hour,  da\-, 
month,  and  year,  together  with  all  the  felliv.ils;  but 
the  movements,  arc  lb  artilicially  contrived,  that  ,11  ih.e 
hour  two  horlemen  come  forth,  and  encounter  eai  h 
oilier,  giving  lo  many  blows  as  the  hamiiier  is  to  llrike 
upon  the  bell:  then  a  door  opens,  dilcovering  the 
\  iigin  Mary  tilting  on  a  throne,  with  our  Saviour  in  hei 

arm> 


11/ 


M! 


i 


ii 


lal  i 


m 


6cC, 


A  NT.W    AND  AUTHKNTIC  SYSTKM  ok  I'NIVKRSAI,  (iKoriRAPF  IV, 


¥f 


iH-: 


„i^^ 


.:  ''r 


flM^' 


ii. 

•I' 


mil. 


arms  :i!i'.l  tlif  will-  iin.:i  iviyiii;;  thtir  Iu)iikij;i.'  lo  liim, 
wliik- tAO  tnim|)cui-.  ruuiKi  a  notcut  tiiumiih.  In  ilu' 
in.'ij;lilxiuiiK)<Kl  il  iliis  tiiy  is  llic  liill  i);i  \\W\di  Uv: 
kii'.'.s  ot  Sweden  wciv  tanucrlv  ik-ct'-il. 

Mclmoi.-,  l,;iiiJlkriFOii,  .iiid  i.llirlnirf;,  .'.u'  |ll.u■^.■^  now 
great l\  (Ml  tlu-  ui.-1-liiK-. 

'I'lic  pnAJnii.- or  di!lr'k-t  ut'  iili-king  i-*  litu;itcil  bc- 
twnii  Sni:\!.uul,  Sclioncn,  and  i\u-  U.iliii-,  lh\-tilii's 
above  80  iniLs  in  'n.n^tli,  troni  e;ill  to  \\-j'\;  and  i-. 
about  50  tioiu  riorili  1  1  loiitii,  ai  tli.'  broadcli  pan. 
'I'l-.j  coalb  arc  rock\,  ami  tin.-  interior  |ians  mountain- 
ous, uoodv,  and  b.ur.n.  'I'lie  ]  ruKij  ,',!  to\\n>  are 
tiielc  : 

C'lirillianlladt,  wlmb  lias  been  I'everai  time,  taken 
and  retaken  in  the  toiirie  ot  the  wa-s  with  Denmark. 

Clirillianople,  whieh  was  onee  tlie  laim.il  ot  this 
[irovince,  and  iiad  tormeiK  a  good  harlxau',  uhieh 
t'iiarles  XI.  took  a  i;reat  deal  ot  jains  to  ruin  ,ind  ren- 
tier ulelels. 

Aliuvs,  which  is  litu-.led  on  llie  Haltie,  at  the  moi.th 
ol  the  river  1  lellea,  has  a  UiU',  e.ii)aeKiU',  and  uuali- 
treiiu.i. ted  harbe^ur.  And  Carlliioun,  v.hieh  iuis  aa 
i.\     1  1  lit  harhojr,  aiv.l  1-  \\:\\  toiiilied. 


!•     I 


\    \     1). 


I' I 


I  Ills  nrand  divilion  ot  Sweden  ■  il'xiu'.  31^6  miles 
in  Ie!i;4th,  trom  north  ;o  limtli,  and  ^15  lro".i  eall  to 
Weil.  It  i<  bouiuled  bv  t'.ie  B' thniau  (iulpli,  p.u't  ot 
RuHia,  ;i:i  I  part  ol  l.aplaiid.  It  abounds  in  ji,rain, 
cattle,  ti'.h,  &c.  ot  wlneh  exports  are  made  to  other 
I  arts  ot' tlie  kini!,di"r,.  it  likewile  turniilies  other  [iro- 
vinee-  V. ilh  buitr:,  eluvle,  &;c.  'I'l'.e  inh.iliitant--,  in 
genera!,  are  Lutheran^;  and  thev  Ipeak  a  very  pee"- 
liar  dialed,  lo  .is  lo  be  t'carceiy  inteiliyible  to  tlie 
.Swedes  ot \nher  provinces. 

The  1-inlaii  lets  had  kings  (.t"  their  own  till  about  t!ie 
muidleot  tlie  131)1  century,  when  they  were  lulidued  In 
Krick,  king  ot  Sweden.  However,  part  ot  the  )>r 
vincc  of  Sivolixia,  ail  that  ot  Kenholm,  a  portion 
Carlia,  antl  tlu-  t'ortrel's  ot'Nvflot,  were  by  the  treaty  oi' 
/Mil',  in  1743,  ceded  lor  ever  to  RulTia. 

I  inlaml  is  divided  into  ieven  provinces,  !■  inland 
Proper,  NMandia,  Carelia,  Kenholm,  Savolaxia,  'I'a- 
valiia,  and  C'ajuiua. 

The  towns  in  general,  ot'  l-inlaiu!  Proi)<  r,  are  in- 
coiifider.ilile.  At  .Alio,  the  ca)inal,  is  an  univerlily, 
whi^li  was  t-'UU'.led  and  eniliwed  b\  the  celebrated 
tjueen  Chrifona  ;  and  the  town  1^  the  ke  1  t  a  bilhop. 
The  lu'Ul'i.  are  .llmott  ail  ot  wood;  .did  theepilcopa! 
]ialace  is  conipoled  of  ikj  better  materials,  except  that 
it  is  jiainted  red.  '1  he  town,  however,  derives  tome 
trade  trom  its  harbour,  in  the  neighbnirhood  ot  which 
is  :>  rock  (urnamdeil  by  the  w.iter.  It  is  lingular  lh.it, 
when  anv  (hip  jiatles  tins  rock,  tl.e  needle  no  lunger 
pi'iiits  towards  the  north;  truni  wlunre  a  vulgar  lon- 
|e'-ii!re  h.illi  arile.i,  tiiat  the  rock  coni.Jiis  a  load-Uoiie 
uv.-.:-. 

Tiic-  1  roviuce  ot'  NMardiia  conlaips  the  toljowing 
towns  : 

Mellingfors,  the  capital  of  ihi^  piuvmce,  i  a  Imall 
town,  (Ituated  on  a  guljih  <.l' tne  lame  name,  u  the 
'iiouth  of  the  river  U  inda.  h  has  a  preiiv  g  ..id  har- 
biur,  and  an  immenli.'  tortreli.,  lately  Innh,  which  is 
fi^anilunid  l^y  8000  men. 

liurg',  Rafeburg,  and  Kkcnes,   we  pals  ^,\\:  a-  un 
Worthy  ol  notice. 

I  he  pro'.ince  oi  Careha  i~  very  truittii!,  and  exur.d-,. 
1  .,111  car.  I'l  well,  about  150  mikx  The  prim  Ijul 
to\,ii  is  \".  vburu,  a  l)illiop\  lee,  which  li.is  conlide- 
r..;!,  trade,  is  well  fonitied,  commanded  by  a  cutle, 
a.i.l  ".reiiily  b<;n  tii.d  by  having  a  good  liaibour. 

'1  i.e  pTuviii.  e  of  kci 'lolm  is  e.ttenhvc,  liut  unter- 
tili,  ,is  it  contains  many  large  lakes  ami  barren  moiin- 
laiiv.  It  contains  but  one  plate  oi  any  noie,  vi/. 
Keiih'-ho,  trom  which  '.he  piovmce  has  its  .lame.  It 
I  1  I'll  il  my,  ilcfended  by  a  very  ilrong  .  itadel,  ami 
»,.i    l.rn.erlv,  with  the  v.hole  pr-  iiice,   !'ub_u.ci  to  the 


Ruliians,  till  about  the  beginning  of  the  lall  renturv 
when  th.'  (Var  j.roinifcd  t'haiies  IX.  king  of  Sweden', 
to  lurieiidei  the  town  and  prosiiice  lo  him,  if  In.-  wmild' 
aliill  him  againll  the  Poles,  by  wiiom  he  «as  ijnii 
clolely  IkIcI;  luit,  being  lived  from  the  danger,  he 
retuUd  to  |.,rloni)  his  promile;  whuh  c.iukil  the 
Swedes  io  inva.de  his  dominions,  and  oblige  |,i|„  ,„ 
\iel<l  up  bv  tr.aiv,  in  the  year  i6i(^  not  only  tin, 
Kuvn  .liid  country,  but  alii)  the  moll  conliderahk- 
pl'.ce  il  lr,i«na.  IJni  tlie  Rudi.ms  lia;e  retaken  all 
01  them. 

S.ivolaxia  an  inlanvl  province  is  .1  b.irren  and  dc- 
I.  tiountry,  i,.-,ered  with  i'oivIIn  and  aboundint;  uiih 
l.iki;,  whicli  alibrd  its  Ua  inh.ibitants -plentv  ul  liih. 
Tlure  is  not  a  pl.ue  in  tlu-  whole  province  th.u  nuiiil 
dclcripiiMii. 

T.ivalli.i,  or  'i'avaltland,  is  a   m.uiliy   counirv,  nvi- 
jther   n.iuh  cult:-..ited,  or  populous.     There  ,ir.-'.  !..,u 
,cser.    ii-on    nniK  ,    which    atli>id   a  ]  ivtiv   i -.;-,im^;..;,;^. 
'prolr. 

I      ^a\allu^   the  c.ijiilal  of  the    province,   i.  Ijnii-j  h\ 
'it^  litiiation  in  a  marlliy  ground,  v-iiiih  renders  it  m 
Very  dillicult  accel'-. 

.\hirtin    /.dier    -iirei-ts  Ih.at    Ijirger  j.n;    a  Suedilh 
I  general,  lortiii.d  tlii:>ci-y  in  1:50,  in  order  to  kee]>  the 
i.ili.ibitants  in   avu,  whom    he   h..,!   i  blig.d  to  eniiir.lLe 
tile  C'hrilli.m  r.iigioii. 

1  here  are  lever.il  other.lowns  in  this  [iiovinc.-,  hui 
the\  aw  all  fmall,  and  of  no  inijiortani  e. 

The  provini  r  ot  (.'.ijunia  abounds  with  riveis,  wIik;, 
imi'ty  them..i",e>  into  the  (Juliih  of  Bothnia.  'I'l  ,- 
norihirn  an  :  i  ill^rn  part  are  liotnid  with  u.ouiitain  , 
but  tl-..  ru'  ol'  the  country  is  tVuitlul. 

(.  ..!;i;-,.lni;-g,  the  ci.iel  place  of  this  [)t-ovince,  from 
wiiich  u  bonows  it^  name,  i,  ild'viided  by  a  good 
citadel. 

Tne  other  towns  are  I'ia,  I'laburg,  Carelhv,  |;i- 
coblhid:,  l.ochto,  Wala,  and  C'hrilliani'uidt.  Of  liV.i,- 
the  only  rcm.'rk  worthy  of  notice  i-,  that  Wala  \,  the 
native  place  of  the  celebrated  fiuil.ivus  \'ala,  wli  K 
glorious  reign  is  jierpetu.ited  in  th.e  annal-.  of  iiilloiv. 

S  W   1:   I)  1   S  JI      1.    \    I'   L   A    \    1). 

II  \\  IN'ti  already  given  a  minute  defcrijilion  (  I' 
Lapland  in  general,  both  with  reljieci  to  the  coiiiurv 
and  inhabitants,  we  have  only  lo  fpecify  thole  parti  of 
it,  whicli  oeing  u:t'\<r  the  dominion  of  S-.vedin,  are 
;  arl!culiii/td  by  the  appell.ilion  ot'  Sw-edilii  l..ipl.i!i.!. 
I'luie  are  Aiigcrr.iaiiRe-t  .aptn.ul,  I  nia-I.apm.uk, 
I'ltii.i-i  .aiiii'.ark,  I  .ulr.-l.apniark,  Torno-l.r.j  n-ari., 
and  Kima-I.apiii:.:k.  ,-\s  the  to-.,  1  -  if  'htle  pioviiiu^ 
in  general,  coiu.i.n  not  ,va,.  aisicle  of  real  intonn.ili'>:i 
iir  I  ntertainmenf,  we  omit  the  inlertion  of  th.i.  i.-- 
ipeChv.-  naiiks,  as  ledums  and  ii-iii.!,.Klling  to  1' 
reader,  ionve\ing  cnly  mere  Ic  uiul- 

1  he    I  .'lo.-,ir.g  iliand-,.  immediately  .-;)j>i.itaiiiii'^  . 
the  .row  a  01  Sweden,  are,  there!',  re,  here  introduced  ..: 
their  jiropcr  ord^.,  v  1/. 

(.     0      1      H     L     A     N     I) 

/'^v)'l  lll.A.M),  or(j-o.;-ia  InloLi,  is  htnikd  fd.- 
^^  liihie  I'a,  over-.igainl',  liie  loall  of  JAII  fn'i' 
iaiid,  in  S'.'-d.n,  f;')iii  -.-hi-.h  it  is  .ihout  tw-i  im,! 
di:'.  Hit  to  the  Mali.  It  .k  .  between  57  and  5S  ile^ .  •  I 
111  iiii  Lit.  a:w\  b.etwi.i  iS  ileg.  30  min.  and  ;o  deg.  .1 
eaitl-ng.  It  >  gieatell  length,  Ironi  the  Icuitli-weli  to 
the  iiortheall,  is  aboui  50  miles;  hut  its  br.adiii  i> 
not  .ibove  18  miles,  from  call  to  well.  Ol.uis  M.ii'iiiH 
lily--,  it  .V.1-.  call'-d  (iotliLind,  that  is  i,j  fiv,  (Jiu)d  Land, 
liecaufe  it  is  truitlul,  alioui. ding  with  all  the  lU.ieirarus 
ut  life  ;  and  I')  well  provided  with  the  I  t.-iTmgs  of  natiii.-, 
that  it  may  be  ranked  ar.i.ing  llu.-b^ll  illanils  in  the  nonii. 
It  i'-,  liiys  he,  in  another  [ilact-,  a  goiKl  land,  in  I -- 
veral  relpet-i.  ■  ;  the  inhabitant' ar-- a  good  lort  of  people; 
t.-.'.-ie  are  (.ood  harbours  all  round  the  coall ;  the  toil  is 
y^'^d■.    it  abounds    in   pallure;,  laiile,  -,  ild-luwl,  lilh, 

t'ootl 


F.l'ROrE.] 


S  W  R  I)  i",  .V. 


f^ 


>' 


i^  a    111.11  llu   LMuiiin, 


\iili  ilu'  1  i.-i'liiit's  lit'  iiatui.'. 


pinui  waicr, woriils  rind  lioaulitiil  iiwrMi'.  This  illand 
Iii.kiiu;>.(l  ti);;ii,rr.  to  llu.-  I'luiii  iii  kiii;_;iu-,  wlu)  rfliiiiKil 
it  Id  lliu  1)i;ks  iii  t4';'.<,  t  ir  i/c  oa  irowiis.  1  Ik- 
S'\nl''.'>  j;iii  it  in  1(145;  I"''  it  ^^'i'  Ktaki.!!  Ijy  the  Duiicn 
in  1677,  ami  ivlloini  Iv)  tin-  Swciics  by  the  tivatv  nt 
l'\)iiiaiiil;li..iii  in  Ky/ij-  I'liciv  is  htiv  I'ut  wv  loiili- 
ilfiabli.-  iiiv ,  wliii  ill-. 

\\illi\,  or  Wiilmrg,  lliv  ihitf  \<h'\-  nt'  this  iflaiul, 
on  tlu  wi'lUrntivili  ut  it.  It  is  Iniilt  cm  tlif  iliiliuiv 
ill  a  rock  iK-ar  tlu  lia-ll\i>ri.',  liirri'utulcci  witli  a  I'.ri.ii^ 
wall,  and  il.ii.iuli.d  l)V  a  I'lcuy  llroii[;  lailh  created 
mar  tlio  luuiidur,  wliciv  lla'  [.^ovcrni.r  ol  tli-  illarul 
ulually  rclidi's.  l)L-aiias  ri.Litcs,  that  llu.'  iiiii.  of  14 
liuirilK'-,  and  ol  liv.ral  hoiili'-,  gates,  and  walls,  ot 
irccdbm-.'  and  marlilc,  wlncL  \w  law  ilui\-  in  I'l.^j, 
made  iiim  liid^f  that  this  was  foriiK-rly  a  cnniidi-i.iiili. 
cit\  :  but  It  I'  now  wrv  iiiiicli  dciaycd.  It  boj;an  to  b," 
inip'irta'.it  tiwards  iIk'  end  ot  llu-  81I1  (■.■niiir\',  li  •('.' 
vsliii  b  time  it  bixami;  lb  jiopiili'iis,  liiat  it  i:oiiiaini.'d 
io,coa  iiihabitaiils,  moll  ol  tntiu  iii.Tilianls,  witiioui 
rcikoniiiL;  ihc  Danes,  Swedes,  \  amLiis,  Saxon-.,  Kui- 
lians,  Je.-.-,  (ireeks,  I'liiliians,  I'olandcis,  and  l,i\i'- 
m.iiis  -.vli'i  tr.iiled  there.  Th.-le  to!.!;'!!'  rs  w^re  to  im- 
nur.^is,  tl'.at  tlu-v  couKI  make  head  a^.iinll  tin.  iuhabi- 
taiiis;  .ind,  ill  tile  \v.ir  I2^>1,  ilieiv  uiiile  a  tjuanei 
amonell  them,  ,.nd  a  liatti  •  w:.^  t'Hi;^'ii,  in  e.-jiich  j;r-.',it 
tiunibers  wc.'i-  kill.d  on  both  lulv.s.  l|:)Wi-\er,  the  in- 
habit.lills  pai,ii.d  ti;e  \,Jl-P;  .\,:\  ,VI  i;;-...-.,  king  ol 
Sweden,  reecr.  ;kd  ti  e,|i  v.il.'  t  -e  •■M\i;\n  rs. 

'J  he  inii;.bi;.'ni  .  ol  \\  '"a  .-.le  l.nd  to  or  the  tirtl  who 
made  li\  dpifi,  ..['l.ie  il  labks  ami  lea-(  l-aii.s.  'I'liey  alio 
pri-tei.d  10  tlie  j;  -'y  ol  b.  in^'^  the  liril  th.it  tiiide  l.iws 
tor  ri  Hui '.iii'.r  v::a.  .mil  i.avij.;at.')ii.  Hut  N'h)iuieur 
.i.a  M.ul jnivi'-,  a  l-i>.ii,.ii  W..U.'  'ilsivive-,  thai  tney 
have  latiier  admiiied,  ti;an  iiivmied  tlieni.  He  lavs, 
that,  btiiig  groi'-n  rith  b\- ti.Ui;,  ii.,).i,  .lu-v  nili'o.hijed 
amoiiti  theniieb.t-s  the  lamou.s  law;  el  O.  \o\-,  a.i  ill.uid 


in  !•: 


,de    b\    fluni    t!,e 


'f 


that  mip,ht  anil-  anioiiili  iiK-rrliaiu.s.  Tliey  iran.i.iit: 
thole  laws  into  their  own  ianguane,  and  m.n.ie  !ome  .id- 
ilitions  to  them;  b\  whiel;  means  ili'.y  were  not  o.ib. 
looked  Ilium  as  the  .mil "ovi  ol  the. a,  i)ut  a.-quired  alio 
the  rep. nation  of  being  the  moll  tamous  traders  in  hai- 
rope.  In  1597  tlic  Hans  Founs  lent  ile])Ulies  to  l.u- 
beek,  11,  ordti  to  (h'.r.i  u|)  ia.is  aincrnini;  navig.itioii, 
whith  l;.us  are  (li'l  oblerved  throir.iioiit  the  v\hole 
Raltie,  but  they,  projierly  Ipeakii'^j,,  .ire  the  -  ery  laws  ai 
VVilln,  with  lome  additions  and  improve'iui.is  :  and 
what  llu;u>  that  ihete  laws  are  m'uv  modern  tiian  tholl- 
ol Oleron,  is,  that  thole  ot  l,iil,~k  are  taller  than 
tlioie  ol  VViiby,  as  tiie  Utter  are  more  eoiiipleat  tiian 
tlule  ot"  Oleroii. 

0   c    I.   A    .V    n 

TS  \  ivArro'iv  fliiot  l.uul  over-againil  tb..-  continent  ol 
South-(?i'.ii'.:aiii|,  I. ...11  wliieii  11  is  lenar.ii.d  iiv  a 
flniit,  which  is  iU)i  anovc  nine  or  ten  mil.-s  b.\,.:d,  ard 
i'  eaiied  Calmarlundt,  or  thi'  Strait  of  C.U.tiai.  I  his 
illaiid,  the  name  ofwiiicli  tit!,i.itit  the  l..iiid  01  1  lav,  i-, 
about  70  miles  lon^,  tr>  ;ii  loi;:h  to  north;  but  its 
greatiil  breadth  is  n.M  abiive  1.  latles,  Tli.-  Toil  al- 
Fonis  gocKl  palluie,  aiiei  niai.y  lien's  ot  o.\en,  horle.-,  aiid 
tallow-ilcer  teed  ujion  it. 

'l"he  wellern  eoall  is  not  very  poiniuuis,  eontainiiig 
only  two  villaij;es,  named  A!ebv-ck  ani  Smedei))-,  with 
ihceity  of  Horkolni,  t'.ie  capiinl  ot  tiiis  illand.  It  his 
under  56  tie^.  5^  mm.  111  rih  latitude,  auci  1  li  degree- , 
Bomin.  eall  lo!-,!;itud<-.  It  is  about  15  ii-.iles  dillaiit 
fr.ini  L'almar  lowanls  tl'e  tiorth-eall,  and  is  deteiule-l 
by  a  caille.  The  c.dlei  1  .oall,  on  the  eontrirv,  i- 
Very  well  peojiletl,  and  contains,  goins:;  bom  north  to 
Ibuih,  the  towns  of  Boda,  Kenbijrij'aril,  1  ioj^abv, 
Kilda,  Slajieliii^  ,  fjenfta'iJ.  Remalren,  iMuMi.bv-, 
Stcnalii,  with  the  'iapcs  of  llu'deilbul  and  Olter.b, . 
I'licre  are  many  torts  and  callles  to  defend  this  'lland, 
that  have  been  often  attacketl.  In  I5,^oit  was  t.iken 
by  the  Danes,  foon  alter  wliieh  the  S.s^des  recovered 
rsu.  Co. 


it;  I  tit,  being  loft- r.frain.CuRavii'sAdol]-!, us  fii^.nll)  re 
look  It  in  161  J,  \\iM\  uhieh  lime  it  ha^  been  tonilanily 
jiolielieil  by  the  eiown  ol  Sv.tdeii. 


)     A     f.     (). 


fS  (if  a  t  iangul.ir  form,  the  lide^  be-In!;  from  10  V> 
25  mi.es  in  len^t!'..  t)n  the  weliern  cape  there  is  ,i 
liigh  tower,  wliieh  was  built  by  tiie  Icnate  of  Resel,  as 
a  liL,!it-liouli.-  aiul  land-mark.  Tb.e  nortiieniand  north 
e.il!  p.arts  are  mountainous;  ami  beiween  here  and  the 
continent  of  f^ltonia,  are  lome  limd-l  i.tik-,  liviall  illand-. 
r-eks,  he. 

If     .\     f.     I.     A     N     D. 

J-J.-\f  if  .AND,  in  the  guli-h  of  Finland,  is  about  nim"! 
miles  ill  length.  Ihe  wh'>lei.  but  a  clui'.er  of 
roeks,  interiperi'd  or  covercii  vith  (ir-trees  brambles, 
ivC.  and  haunted  by  a  kv,' liares,  tint  ^row  white  i'-. 
the  winter. 

A     I,     A     N     D, 

yY'-^^-l)  i' fiiii^X'^'d  in  the  IJaltic,  between  40  and 
50  miles  from  the  louth-well  part  of  1- inland. 
The  cireiimfeiMiee  is  i-.ear  ito  niiics  ;  and  the  inha- 
bitants near  6000  in  number.  Thefe  live  in  fmall 
hamlets,  as  there  is  no  regular  town  in  the  illai.d  ;  for 
indeed,  the  peafant:.  have  aim. Ml  remonllrated  againft 
the  tuundii.-g  any,  which  the  S-.vedilb  government  liave 
been  ikhrous  ot  etl'eCtiiig.  The  unhappy  king  luick 
Xl\  .  was  contined  in  a  caille  in  this  id.uul,  which  goes 
under  the  name  ot  C'a!;leholni  An  ingenious  travel- 
ler mentions  tb.e  tollowing  curious  particulars  concern- 
ing it:  "1  arrixed  (lays  ho)  in  half  an  hour,  at  the 
caille,  and  alighted  uniier  the  walls.  It  llands  in  a 
be.iutitul  htuation,  on  the  banks  of  a  river,  uid  com- 
irar.d-  an  extentivc  view  on  cverv  tide.  It  was  not  till 
ittjr  .1  ijuarter  of  a:-,  iiour's  f.-arc!i,  that  tiie  peafant 
who  dr«)ve  the  carriage,  antlwiio  hail  known  the  caille- 
.10  years,  fould  dileover  the  pailagc  which  led  to  the 
chamber  I'.licre  ti.e  king  bad  been  imprifoncd,  and  it 
was  with  dill  g  >..ter  ('iiii.  ult\  1  ccu!d  enter  it  when 
lound.  I  crawi-i!  u,  0:1  mv  b.i-.niis  and  kn -cs  iind.er  a;i 
arch,  ti'.e  lloncs  ot  v.h'cii  favii  g  fallen  down  m  a 
Ciurl-  (it  \ears  li.d  aii.iMt  lilleu  up  the  wav;  and  after 
j.-alUn.;  t'-:--  iiariov.-  tiu.-iKe  i  had  two  l.idderj  to 
miHint,  which  liul  1101  ajipear  capable  i.f  bearing  too 
imi.li  j'lelluiv.  1  tnilowed,  however,  where  iny  guitle 
l-.-d  ih.e  V.3.),  and  entered  tl'.e  .lixiittiient  through  a  trap- 
do- )r.  i  mu!t  own  that  I  wasllmcL  with  comp'airion 
aii-.l  horror,  to  think  that  a  loeereign  had  bscn  the  ten- 
.u't  111  kich  a  i'u:..^oii,  width  is  too  mileraljle  for  tlu: 
w:.-.!;  11:  ibl.'i"o-r.  It  is  eomj  L 'eil  of  Hone,  and  \aiih- 
id  (-v>r  l.i.ad.  1  mealuri.d  it  b'\  "my  j^aees  :  it  w.i; 
-.tb'iui  ; ;(  Itet  long,  and  i  2  broail.  'I'lii-  light  is  .ad- 
miit..d  by  a  narrow  -Aiiulow  through  a  wall  live  teet  in 
ihickr.cl-.  In  one  corner  is  a  link-  lire  place,  and  in 
the  other  a  cuidioartl,  hollowed  in  the  wall.  The 
llooriiig  is  of  brick;  and,  as  the  pea-imt  pretended  to 
llie'.v  n.e,  is  worn  a\',a\'  1.1  t!i<"le  1  i.ices  where  the  king 
was  ul'ed  to  walk." 

This  illand  abounds  in  call'.-,  and  fomc  wild  bealls, 
and  is  plentifullv  fupp.lied  with  lilb.  It  is  furrounded 
bv  main  land-banks,  rocks,  and  fmall  illands;  fome 
ol  the  latter  Ix  ing  inhabited,  aiul  others  uninhabited. 

Of  thef.  little  illands  tlie  moll  remaik.ible  are  I'Jkero, 
,wl.ieh  is  lix  niilis  long,  and  le])arated  from  Aland  only 
In  a  ruv.- I'f  three  miles  over,)  Idvs,  1  .aiidlweden,  Ro- 
dan  Nyan,  and  Lap[)o. 

R    I'    c    r,    N. 

D  L'Cil-'.X,  which  is  filuatcd  in  the  Baltic,  oppoliio  to 
Stialfuad,  is  23  miles  in  length,  aa-d  15  in  biv.uith, 
wiih  the  liilcof  a  )irincipalit\ .  It  abounds  with  corn 
and  cattle;  contains  a  town  calicl  Bergeii,  a  ihong 
bv  iiatuiv,  and  well  fortiliecl  bv  art, 


i    ■'! 


i   f 


\^ 


i 


1 .11 


ii 


1) 


Thr 


6sS 


A  Ni:W  AM)    \l   IIII.MK    ^VSIIM  OF  rM\|,R,s\|.  ( .rocRAl'l  IY 


.,1 


J, 


'    ,1  '' 


mi  hi 


T\k  r.uuo  in;j,ciiiinr.  tr.u\'ikT.  wlioiu '.vl.'  li.u,- Ivtor.. 
ijuotcJ,  ill  liKMkiiv.',  lit'  hi-.  i!.,;utii'v  tVoiii  Finland, 
ami  loim  riling  the  .I'li.uxiii  ill.iir,!-,  i',i\  .,  "  It  n.i.  >\\\ 
iim-iitiou  to  h.u-c  j;o;i,  ,111  I.,  I  liiLiirl  l.-v  tlif  poll  r,'Ul,', 
tliroiigli  llviM.il  llivill  111  111.  I.  iir  u\k:,  tViim  oiu'  to  .ui- 
othcr,  tor  wli'uli  tliuc  ii\  imii'i, 'i\  lnvits  pruviilvil  t'l 
lOiivcy  ti.uvllor-.  Jull  .i>  I  u  i>  on  tin;  point  ol 
c.irrviii^;  tin-,  iku^n  into  i\i\ut;  ):i,  )'.  ur  or  live  i  :  ila' 
cou'.itrv  people  i-.i;ii.  .ind  prop/olvil  !•>  conu\-  me  hum 
thenee  limit  to  AWo.  I  diu  imt  lielii.Ue  ioiii;,  luit  com- 
]>lieii  wiih  the  olK-r,  aiul  kl'i  Alaiul  about  mkliii_t;lit  on 
Saturil.'.'  .  I  llept,  a-  I  luul  don,  ll.c  i>reeeiiiiig  night, 
in  iny  C'lnw". anc.'.  and  at  l,\e;i  in  the  morning, 
found  mvlelt  in  a  iiaiTiW  |  aiiii;;.',  luiroumled  by  h;:;:; 
rocks,  and  the  ]icopk-  enipio\evl  m  tnviiig.  I  made 
no  quelli.in  bur  we  were  alreulv  in  the  iiver  of  Abo; 
i'Ut  wa-  not  a  little  cli.igrined  to  limj,  on  tnquin,  that 
the  wind  liadtalleu  away,  that  we  were  hardly  jo  mile^ 
trom  the  pUee  ue  had  quilted,  a. id  that  1  mull  nol 
Hatter  ni.  leltwith  landing  in  Finland  that  da\ .  Thev 
ad  le  !.  tint  the  whole  wav  a a>  through  I'ueh  channels 
as  I  wi,  then  in;  and  li^voal  illaiids  b\\\liieli  I  tail- 
ed, were  inlialMted ;  and  ili.u,  it  I  pLai'.J,  thev  wouM 
land  me  on  one  ol  iliem,  where  1  ni'ij'it  procure  Ionic 
retrellv-.v.nt.  To  this  1  gl.ully  eoiu'enied;  and  abuui 
nine  o\;.vk  I  went  on  lliore,  on  one  eallad  l,a;ipo. 
I  wall-.'.d  I  >  a  little  hamlet  at  a  mile  liillanee  tiom  i!ie 
ihore.  I'he  poor  pealiuus  very  eheart'ullv  brougiit  me 
ionic  ciepm,  and  aiiif.ed  in  boiling  my  cotlee.  No- 
thing amid  e.\eeed  their  pi.v.rf.  ;  a  litiie  blaek  bread, 
tilh,  pork,  alio  a  '.I'll  ot  i,ii.\,ure  they  eaileil  beer,  eon- 
iHtui'ing  ail  tliur  lullehaiae.  Atier  having  made  a 
verv  co,,itor:aliic  breaklall  on  tins  unknown  an^l  le- 
queiKr.d  inland,  1  returned  :;.ain  H)  the  boat.  Dur- 
ing the  <\h.)ie  da\-  we  pi;,:ii  .1  our  vo\age  tlirough  a 
laberintli  of'i.u.iH  iM.ksand  llle^;  m,;!r.  ot' them  eover- 
e.|  .•.nil  111'  and  .ilpin-;  tome  i,\e  green  aiitl  beautiful, 
but  t.ir  the  ^reUvT  nu.iilier  bari\  n  and  rugiied.  1 
could  hue  taneied  m^fclf  among  llie  Cvefule'.,  t'o 
laiii.iu^  in  aneient  llory ;  but  here  \\er>:  no  iempk.-s 
lacreJ  lo  .\poll.) 'ly  juno,  nor  had  genius  and  poetry 
conlpirci  lo  render  t\erv  tliU'  and  pr.imoiiDrv  im- 
luorial.  M.inv  ot  the  pro|ji_-rs  wire,  huALVcr,  woii- 
dertulK  )i-!uiekiue  an;l  ror.i.inlie ;  and  1  Ircquenll} 
ihipped  the  boainuii  lor  a  ii.;;:ute,  lo  sm/.j  upon  the 
e.Kiraordinary  kx-nes  arouml  me.  S.imeiinies  wx  went 
flirongii  eh.ir.nels  of  only  .lo  or  30  teel  in  bie.idth. 
Soni.tinies  the  water  ojjerie.l  inio  :i  Lonlider.ilile  e\- 
paiiie,  and  r.ticn  iheie  d\r\\  .i:cd  to  Ik  :io  avemu:  on  am 
hue,     1  wa-  .ui.j.iilhed  \\.,.\   f;.ev  :o  i..\ae;  l\-  kin-\v  their 


tnuf 
wliie 


.   1:1    ti:i-> 
1  n.!ti,::ij 
du:ted  tiicai. 


iiitiRate  ar, 
bi-iK.e-.  Ion.; 


|-ph  \iiig  111  i/e.   Ihrougli 
. 'Riice  luuid  have  ton- 


S  K  C  r  I  n  ■;     ill. 

Di'.n;'!  >i  of  .'[>,•   l\-,-,.Hs,   I)   ■■•,    Di'}rjU:oits,  Mmiu-v  \ 
cf  /..•"-';„■<,',  uUjlr:ni    Ru^.h,  /•.';,;..  ,1  ■v,/.7.r,  D:i:rjic>is, 
M.:iyu'^ies,    iumr  J.s,   L.u-'it'.nr,    /\,:i^;oii,  Lt'annug, 
i-..  (f  ihe  Ir.bdl'ii^nh-  ct  .5::.-..:V7. 

Ti  ii-i  n-'.tiv.    ..t  ihis  euuiitr,  are,  in  general,  ol'good 
1'  ;iure    ai'.d   r.iliuit    eoniiiiuiion,  taiiaoie   ot  tii- 


ll.lAlilll 


'I  i'.ir  i..i;r,  like  tii.it  ot  oliier  nor- 
thera  liaiioiis,  is  in.Ji'ejd  ;o  yellow.  Tire  women  arc 
ot  lull.  pro])onio;i,  h.iee  g  lu  I  katun-,  a.i.l  liiolc  whii 
.lie  e;aplo\  ed  U  Iiom.',  are  niiitlly  tair,  lull  the  |)e.i- 
laiits  eoinpcl  tluir  i:i:;i;lie-,  to  undergo  an  equ.il  liiaie 
in  all  l.ibonuus  (.npl  noient'. 

The  tl oailiiiig  (.1  ihe  .Swe  ks  is  lii'table  to  the  eli- 
mate.  'liiedr,;\ol  ilu  rii  h,  in  winter,  >  lined  with 
furs;  that  ot  ilie  p  I'jr  witii  lli^tji  ikins,  with  the  uot;l 
0:1.  i:i  falhion,  tlie  .S.ve.lts  relemble  the  (jermails,  and 
other  Kuro]»ean  n.uioa-.  ■l'h,j\  wear,  in  luiumvr, 
iueh  lluti"^  as  theiiM-irtumllances  enable  thciii  to  jiro- 
ture;  the  great  adorning  themlelves  with  lace  and 
embroidery.  'J'lic  eoiiuii m  people  ;irc,  in  geneial, 
dull  of  ajiprehenlioii,  and  little  troubled  with  the  Ipiril 


"I  eiiqu.iy.  ll,,y,,.r.  it  mull  be  obkrved,  to  i'» 
credit  ol  the  i.un.'i  .  f;uii,  |,v  iiiduUry,  i-.v- -i  ..J 
and  ttavvliiiig,  t;,nie  ol  il,;,ic  ol  fuperi-.r  rank.  '.i.,i-^,  J 
Inilia  lualuie  and  lol,u  judgiiKiu  a>  to  n-..i,c  :i\-,,',. 
liderable  liguiv  in  life,  and  to  merit  the  title  of  ..r,u 
and  able  men.  'Ihe  nation  h.a-  j  rodueed  iiunw",. 
I  ell  111  ll.iuimeii.  and  Ionic  learned  iiuii;  anioii>.  ,|.^. 
latier  ol  whom  liand  the  celebrated  I'ufk.ulort,  1-,.. 
loriaii,    civilian,    ;;i!d    j  hdoli.plu  r;   and,   of  our  liiri.' 

the  t.UllOUs  bol.Ulul  l.inn.tUs,    one  ol   the   Ixll    l,;ltut.l'.;,   ' 

in  I'.urope. 

The  inhabiiants  of  ,S,vcdeii  compof,- the  fiur  fJl„v.. 
ing  claliis:  the  nobiliiy  and  geiitiv;  ihc  lieigy,  ilv 
nii/.ens  an.|  iiKKliani-,  and  ti,e  lokli.r^  ll.unui,' -'.'Ki 
I'lalanis. 

The  nobiliiy  and  g.nin  ihkllv  apj-ly  thuiilehe.;,, 
a  mihtaiv  hie.  Tlk\  are  nati.nllv  cour.igcous  .,  j 
hi'lJMi.ibk,  Ion!  of  ^i,,M,  .md  l.iup!uoully'oi,kn..:.i 
ol  the  luiuiMii.  ot  lion..ur;  Inn,  at  the  Vauu  m,;, 
too  gener.ilh  j.iou.l.  ol'  ■  laiiou  .  jealou.,  ani  viii.ia- 
iive.  'I'liok'  v.ho  are  eiiipk.ycd  111  the  adminilii.aira 
ot  civil  alliiii-,  li.oui;h  they  aie  Uiorious  and  iii.kii- 
li,',able,  leidom  raile  their  i'pen.!lal ions  above  wi:.;i  ih..- 
iieceiliiy  ot  tlair  eiiipui\  luents  reijuiiv,  their  at:;ii:.,, 
liroLeeding  not  t!i  much  tiom  iUiih,  ;is  e.\i  ..rienie  111 
Ihe  ti.iek  ol  1  uliiitN.  'Ihcy  pivlerve  agraiilul  ik-pori- 
meni,  and  iu.ike  the  bJl  aiije.iancc  thev  |)oll,|,lv  i„;i, 
iii  order  I  >  gam  tiie  rJoLCt  of  iholc  luneaih  ilkr.J 
i::i\  never  ik  leer,  I  t>  .n\  uu;  l.tuiicnt  ,11  llic  ciiurei:. 
the  pr.ieii.v  o\  l.'.w  or  pl'xjir,  „r  the  c.xercile  ot  .,,  ," 
tiadc:  I  ,r  •.;;i!  ilu)  e\ :r  ;i,. f  pt  tiie  comniar...!  :  , 
iiH-rchai.!  V  ;  ,ji,  (liouuh,  t'.i  g.on  ex])erier„-c  in  n,..  . 
time  all!.,'  ,  i:,;,  wiii  l\ib:5;i,  10  liie  lo.wiL  of';..  ,,; 
toicii:;!  >.  HI  ;;ri  ■• . 

''•s  :'"i:.:.  nobiliiy  of  .Sweden  go  verv  much  !:;:  i 
the  ioenen  iii.ii..:,  Ivr/xe,  l-.,illi  b_\  ica  and  land;  .1,1,1. 
through  a  pi;i,.r,  le  of  p,...li,  \  inif'uU  nation,  thev  u- 
teivc  rank  i\ioiv  all  Oliver,;,  bevaule,  bv  the  \.v\  .: 
.S.NCvk'n,  '.,Iui'.  tl:e\  return  ini.)  their  own  i(nintr\,  1  , 
rccci\e  the  liiiv.e  n.;;k  in  thei:  oi.ii  niili!ar\  tin  ice  lii..: 
ihey  hekl  .ibroa.l,  wlieiebv  they  .:;e  not  uiio  aiKaiA.  1 
imiui  tidier  than  liu-,  could  p.' li.bly  bi  h.ulthi}  .,.1 
beui  ;ibr:.'.d,  but  beiome  Iiimi  iiiends  lo  the  l-uiii'i 
inteni],  v.ir..'  ■,  \  paitiiular  iv!ali\e  to  it  c...imes  lu  i'c 
deb.iUi.l  bJ'.,:c  t'le  diet. 

Ihe  'i-:..}  ot  Sweilen,  wlio  are  very  nununms 
alkrf  grtat  gr.ivit\,  are  elleemcd  holj.itable,  and  ].t\- 
lerve  .i  diliiiiguillietl  aiiiiioruy  ovu' the  lo'\er  order,  1 
[leopk-. 

Ihe  ciii/ens  and  merchanis   j'lod    on    iiv  a    f.eaf.n 
tra.k,   without   ingenuitv  to  diu.rv\i,  or   Ipint   to  p.:;- 
liK,   i,vA\    bi.i.ielK  .    ot    i.ii;./.Ki\..,    iDtwidillaiidir.g   ...] 
ihe  care    and  eiKourauxiiicnt   bellowcl   by   the   kgill.i 
tore. 

'lue  foip.nion  loldiu-'  endure  ciiei,  hunger,  1, ;.■:■: 
marcl-.es,  and  hard  lab.iur,  to  adiiii,aii.:n  ;  Init  t!;i." 
karn  tneir  dut\  \er\  tlowK,  and  are  ter\  iceable  ir.,  ::• 
In  their  obeelieiKe  to  comm,unl,  and  llamling  ih.  i 
giouiid,  than  by  anv  great  lorv..ironel ,  t.i  atUkk  t.  c 
eneiin,  or.lCliMiN  in  e.vemting  ihcir  ordei-. 

The  leanien  are  \erv  liold  and  aet.w,  and  w. ii  '"- 
Itrueieti  in  their  bulliiel^.  'i'lux  li.ive  lull  !i-ni::i\,-. 
ot  mor.ility  cml  honellv,  and  pav  lueh  anenti.m  |.i  .- 
lig-.ous  duiio,  that  the  captain oi  ni.nl;a:it  1!,,,  ^ 
ha\ealwavs  prayers  twice  a  ilay,  \.l!et!;er  the  Ihip-  .:.. 
in  harbour,  or  at  lea. 

I  i;e  jH.ilaiil-.,  wlien  Icber,  are  oblojuious  and  r'- 
Ijiecitu!  ;  but,  when  into.\n..iti- i  with  tlrcing  liqu,;, 
furious  and  ungovernable.  "1  in  v  live  in  great  p- 
veri)',  and  rudel\  jiractile  leveral  mcihanival  arts,  wlmii 
n'.-celuty  tiaehes  them  to  exercile,  luci;  a.^  11  aKiiig  li.^.' 
o.vn  llioc-,  cloiiies,  tools,  an.l  iniliumeni'-  ol  iuii- 
I  andr\'.  Ihey  are  \ir\  oblign;.;,  cea.rte..u-,  and  k- 
niarkalilv  hoipitablc  to  llraiigers 

.•\ii  f.nglilli  traveller,  who  latelv  made  a  tou'-  through 
.Sweelen,  as  a  jiroot  ot  this  dilpo!itle);i,  remarks,  that 
nothing  lan  ixtrcd  tin-  generou^  hofpiiality  lie  f(.ii(ul 
every  where,      lie  liivs,   it  woi.'.d  e\,ii  lie  relented,  1.'  .1 

I  ban;;'" 


nil    Ik-   (iblcrvji!,  m  i!  • 

I IV  iiiiiiil'ry,  tx;-. 'i.'K  , 

i|   liij  ..riir  f.ini..  ,i..iu'  u 

iKiil   .b  to  ir..;.c  ;'.  v'l  - 

)  iii.Tit  the  titli-  nt  i;ri,u 

I'.a    1  roiiiKvxl  Miain  i  v- 

kanu'il    iiKi) ;  .Uiuiii^;  tl'c 

ckliniU-il  I'lililiuliirt,  hn- 

.y\w\-;    ;uul,    nl'  our   lliVc, 

imt  ot  llii-  I'cll  iiaiiir.'.a.'s 

1  iMllHiutV  till'  li'ur  111',  /■.'.- 
I   littltlV  ;    ll\o    l.ii.r<l\  ,   !,!..• 

the  lulilKiS  kauKri,  -.mJ 

Uiillv  ;»l'l'ly  tliuiili.!\.'<  ;j 
naluiilly  i{nirai;tous  .;  1 
lul  li.ru|.liuiul'.y  unkn..:.; 
;  Imt,  :it  the  laim  Hh;  . 
itiipu  ,  jialdii ',  atri  viikiu- 
oyal  m  tin.-  adiv.iiiiltiai'.ra 
aiv  l.iliuriiius  and  iivki.i- 
|)L'i.uialK)iis  ahiivt.'  \\\:.\  \\\-: 
■ni>  ivijuirL-,  iLcir  al:a:;... 
)iii  liiulv,  a^  LX)  i.Tic;i«.c  111 
V  pivli-rvi.'  agnKitiil  tleiio;-!- 
l'ijc:.iaiicc  llicy  jxillililv  i..;;, 

I  lit'  tliulc  litiuall.  tiki'.;, 
(.m;  lo\  iiiiMil  111  llie  lIiuii.::, 
,  l:r,  or  tiio  t.xcrLitt  ot  ,  ' 
a'.i'  ;ii  tiic  L'lmaiaiv.!  ■  . 
lo  P..1I1I  i-xpcriiri-'i-  in  lu.. 
I;;,    0)  llic   loa.il   i)i"i-  .     n. 

.S-Av.-.;.il  [\o  wr)    iiiiK'i  ::.:  ' 
l.^tili  U)  lea  a:;a  laiiil ;  a.i  i. 

1,  \   .:\  ihat    iiaiioii,  tluA   ii- 

;•,,  b.-i  auk',  kv  t'uc  ia'\     .; 

n'.\  •>  ll;i.ir  o'.Mi  louiiti'  ,  i  . 
,;  i)'.,;i  r.ii!i;.ir\  ki"\  i<.i'  !:;..: 
tlijv  .;;i.:  iK'i  oiu\'  aiisai.i.  i 
I  |..'  ii'hiv  ki  liad  tin\  .. -i 
lllMl  iiitiu'.-,  10  ihc  l-Kiu'i 
ir  u!al:\i:  to  it  tumca  to  W 

w'.io  ari.>  very  nuin.'nni-, 
.•■jiiK-d  iiol'iilabk-,  and  l^r.- 
irr,\    DVir  ikc  k)'s;r  ordu'  ■  I 

•ini-  pknl  on  iiv  a  lAat;:i 
1  ,iiuo\^i,  .11  limii  in  1  ur- 
I,  i\^,  iiutuiiliiianilii'i;  -H 
lit  k'-ll'VAcd  ky  tkc  k-illa 

nd.urk'  t''id,  liur.gor,  l-':-, 
ti)  ai'.nu.aiioii  ;  hut  i!k'- 
|\,  and  aiv  li.r\ k-f.ikk  ir.i  ;;• 
liiiiand,  and  Ikinding  iIki 
lorvsaruiKl.  !•'  alia,  k  t.  ; 
Jinu,  liitir  ordii-. 
Id'  and  a.-i.vc,  and  wk.l  !"- 
]  'I'luv  li.'.v  nil!  !i;iil:i-.  ■• 
jiid  |)a".  liul'  atu-i-,li"!i  M  .- 
|ai..lani  oi  nuukant  I",  ^ 
I  day,  \,licik.r  tlic  Ikij-  •••- 

Ir,   aiv  okk.jUi"'as  and    r:- 

[k.iuI    with   I'roiiu,  hqu.    • 

'l  luv    hvo    in  i;'e.U  i'  - 

Ivual  r.KihanKal  .iil%  wiiAii 

Lixiii.,  luci.  a    n  iKinu,  i:  -' 

a;id    m.l.unn.ii-   oi   iuU- 

IkhiviV.,  i-obrioiu--,  a;:d  k- 

I ','•■'■''  1 

I  lan-i\  nv.Kk  a  vw:  throii'^li 

tlillio!iiio;i,    a-niarks,  tii.ir 

iiL'imis  holiiitality  lie  kmi'l 

lui.'.d  i\.n  iK-rcienti'd,  i:  ■' 

ib-anv.r 


ElIROPF.]  S  W  E 

(IrangcT  vilitcil  a  Pm^c  wiiliout  paying  lils  coni])iinii.'nt'i 
to  the  owner  who  I'Xjicits  that  mark  it  lii..  attention 
nndiel'pei-k  'I'liis  iiiilotn  plalnlv  (hews  liow  tew  pei- 
llin.s  tn.vel  in  tlu'k'  jiarf*  ut  Miiiope:  i("  they  vvi.re  mi- 
nieroii^,  it  woiilil,  in  ail  iiroli.ibihtii ,  ke  i|iiiekly  laid 
aiidc    oral  l>'all  i>lhaineil  within  n.iiro'.v  limit.. 

With  rel'iieei  to  their  manlier  ot  liMiii^,  the  riilier 
I'ort  have  a  [/rolulioti  ot  ditlie^  at  their  eiitertainineiit^, 
but  111)  talle  ill  the  arrant^eiiicnt  or  ilil'iiolitioii  ol  tlnm. 
'1  he  table  {;roins  beneath  a  number  of  cover.,  whith 
aie  all  brou^;'!!  in  at  oiite,  and  then  kit  to  lool  duriivj, 
a  tereinoiiiou-  meal  ot  ,it  leall  two  hours.  Hut  the 
jilologuc  to  lliis  Ueiie  is  even  woiie.  Hetorc  tluy  lit 
down  to  tlin:ier,  tl'.j  eoiniiany  take  biv.id  ainl  butter, 
\\hieh  thev  walli  (k).vn  with  a  {tials  ol  braiuiy;  and 
this  talliuni  j.revaik  not  only  amoiij',  perliins  ot' eoiuh- 
tioii,   iail   ex.endi    e\en    to    the   ladies  as  well    all   the 

IlKll. 

Till  \va\  ot  di\i  iin^  the  relidenee  ol'  winter  a;rl 
(umiiie.r,  a..  i)r,.v;iili.d  in  l'',ii{;laiid,  takes  (il.Ke  here 
(Miiv  in  ]).irt.  M  '.:!V  ot  the  no'oihty  and  riehell  ot  tl.c 
gellt^^,  live  entirely  at  Sloekiiolm,  liareely  ever  teeiiu; 
their  etlates.  Others  live  entire. >  in  the  eouiilr),  never 
teeing  the  ca|.ita',  at  kail  but  vi')-  lekloili.  S  inic, 
however,  ha\e  lioules  ai  Stoekliolni  tor  the  u inter  lea- 
Ion,  but  lue  in  liiinmer  on  iheii  I'llates,  lia\ingvery 
gooil  hou'.e-,  whiili  tlje\  ornament  with  gardens  anil 
plantation  . 

As  the  nokiiii\'  atai  ^..lun  ol'  Sweden  are  chiefly 
c'ng.i|j,ed  in  imhi  u'  em|>loMiu'nt^,  it  u  ilierctorc  little 
to  be  wondeied  at  '.l-ait  liiev  lliould  be  tond  ot  martial 
entert.niiiuents,  whiih  are  lure  ti\.%iuenky  appointed 
by  the  kinif  lor  their  anuilemeiit--,  Ins  m.ijedy  liimlelt 
generally  attending  in  pkrl'Hi.  Ol  one  ol  tliele  cn- 
leitaiiimenls  we  preleni  the  I  ill.iwiii|^  particular  ac- 
count, given  li'.  a  gentleman,  in  a  letter  to  hi'  Iriend  m 
Lnglaiid. 

"  A  Ipctacle  of  a  lingul.u-  kind  detained  me  at 
Stockholm.  '1  he  fcene  lay  in  a  Lirij,e  park,  about  an 
1-nglilli  mileu!lhout  the  gate  ot  the  city,  where  the 
tamp  has  been  ;  nclud  lome  weeks,  aii'.l  whicli  is  linely 
adapted  t  r  a  niariiil  eiitertainmeni,  h.i.n  ihe  nature  ol 
the  ground,  vvlucn  is  irie  \uiar  and  lull  ot  ik\iivities. 
The  riling  i..irts  ut  it  were  covered  uil'i  mi. ill  woi-ds  'A 
fir,  and  it  is  divided  bv  a  branch  cil  the  .M.uler  lal.'e, 
liver  u'iih  is  ;;  Ijoating  bridge. 

" 'I'he  kiiiL;  il  S,\^-.ie'i  I  oiumaiuled  about  two  regi- 
lueni-,  in..i!U  intantr\.  lbs  younger  brother,  jiiince 
1  r^dsi'ii  i.,  Iia.l  un 'el  hnu  near  lOOO  troop.,  horle  and 
to,,i.  'li.eNwea  e:Uir.lv  ignorant  oi.acii  others  mo- 
tion, hi.  ni.iielK- only  i  :uie:'.\i'u;i;".',  to  lurround  the 
liiteiior  aiin\ ,  ;'.iid  the  ivrae  e\v  mm".  In--  end.amuis 
to  clleet  a  kiue  r.ire.i!  I'he  c]u.'en-dow,i<',er,  with 
her  daugiiKr  tiie  priiicels  ol  Sweden,  were  prelent  in  a 
little  o|»eii  cliaili.',  -..Iiicli  permitted  tliim  lo  follow  the 
toldiers  over  the  lit  id,  and  lie  inek'at  e\er\  where.  'l"ke 
king,  eliTlt'ed  in  his  iiniinrm,  w.'.i  i..  ii.ited  on  a  cream- 
coloured  h.irl'e,  anvl  ap' k  ared  a.s  I'u.di  anim.ite.l  anu 
inteielled  in  rliis  ellay  ot  arm  ,  a'-  ,.e  coiiM  luue  been 
on  a  da\  (.t.;.tion.  It  w.\^  about  !ue  in  tlie  evening. 
I  lannot  |.!\tMul  to  piniue  the  t.vo  gi..'.er;;I.-  liirough 
I'le  diti'erent  .'.'.inicuvres  ot  tlieir  c.!i>lu:'l,  which  p.uletl 
in  two  r.ipiil  .i  iuaeliion,  and  were  ot  t.\  )  intric.itc  ami 
uncertain  a  nature,  to  ad. nit  ot  a  minute  dekripti.in. 
'I'he  retult,  h.owever,  w.i-  tavourak'le  to  the  ki.ig.  Mi.-. 
brother  having  neglectetl  to  lei/.e  on  .i  pull  uhicli 
might  have  ce.,i!nianded  a  retreat  in  c.iie  ot  emergence, 
lound  his  error  too  l.u.  ;  and  wiien  he  would  liavj 
avaikd  himtelt  ol  ihi^  p.ilkige,  dil...i\ered  that  lii^  ri- 
val's troops  were  alre.uly  in  poll'^lilon  ot  if,  having 
crcilled  the  river  in  boats  lor  tliat  purpok'.  Alter  hav- 
ing in  vain  endeavoured  to  lorce  tliem  liom  this  [Kill, 
he  kirmed  his  inkintrv  into  a  hollow  kjuare,  and  main- 
tained a  Iniik  lire  on  all  lides  llir  a  eonlielerable  lime  ; 
but  rinding  himlell  environed  In  a  much  luperior  body 
of  forces,  and  no  poiilbilily  ot  etcaping,  he  delivered 
up  his  t'word  to  the  king,  aiul  his  loldieis  irmamt'il  pri- 
luacrs  ot  war.     Ills  cavalry  had,  however,  tei/.ed  on  a 


6J9 


])  V.  N. 

Iln.ill,  but  moll  ndvanttgcom  l|)ot,  and,  unternncil  by 
the  tulc  ot  their  companions,  ivtul'eil  to  I'uiTfnder,  ami 
deinandeil  pcrmillion  to  march  oil' the  ground  with  all 
mliiary  honours.  Their  fate  was  not  vet  decided  when 
I  tiullit'l  the  place  at  eleven  o'clock  at  night,  it 
wai  a  \eiy  eleg.ini  and  g.illant  diverlion,  finely  ikligned 
t  )  cultivate  and  [iraotiie  the  op<  'uions  of'  a  c.inipainn, 
and  keep  alive  the  kn'>'.\ ledge  ol  uar  iven  ainiml  the 
nioll  I'rotountI  peace." 

'J'liere  is  a  tlieativ  at  .Siuckl.nlm,  on  which,  during  a 
inrt  of'  the  year,  arc  repreleiited  brencli  coiiietlie .  a"id 
I  •netimes  concerts  and  orotorio'. ;  but  the  times  of 
a  ling  arc  very  irregular;  not  ni.eting  alwavs  with  en- 
courage nieiit  enough  to  kee])  it  open  even  in  the  win- 
ter; I.)  that  it  ha,  been  k:v)\\n  to  be  Ihut  up  tor 
tw.i  vears  together. 

1  lie  niarriagc-  of  the  Sweiks  are  generally  govern- 
ed by  the  will  ol  the  parents,  and  foundetr  lb  much 
u|)uii  inierell,  that  the  incliinition  of  ihc  parties  is  little 
regarded,  nor  the  nation  r.uich  troubk-d  with  the  cx- 
tiavMgancks  of  lovers.  Sualing  of  niatches  i.  hardly 
heard  ot  in  an  age;  nor  lan  the  church  give  licer.te 
to  iiiarrv,  without  publieaiion  of  the  banns. 

I'crlons  of  i]ua!ity  of  both  te\e%  coinmonlv  remain 
unmarried  till  thirty,  or  above;  becaule  their  fortunes, 
on  both  fides,  being  in  their  parents  luands  while  they 
live,  liiev  are  not  in  a  condition  to  maintain  a  familv, 
till  the  death  of  relations,  or  advancement  to  oliice, 
turnilhe.  them  with  the  means  of  lubiilling. 

The  women,  in  general,  are  more  diliinguillied  for 
their  chaluty  bekire  marriage,  than  for  iheir  Hdelity 
alter.  Thev  are  very  fruittul ;  and  leklom  fail  of  a 
numerous  itfue.  As  before  hinf.il,  thev  are  no  where 
greater  drudges  than  here;  the  meaner  tort  being,  be- 
tiiles  the  ordinary  olilces  of  their  I'ex,  put  to  plow 
and  threlli,  to  row  in  boats,  antl  bear  burilens. 

Domelbc  tiuarrels  happen  leldoin,  and  more  r.'.rely 
becon;e  i  ulilic.  Divorces  fcarce  ever  hair.en.  Cou- 
lin-german,  may  n.it  marrv  without  the  tl;e  ki:;^',  dil'- 
pen.aticn,  winch  is   more  t:e,;u.iulv  gianietl   than   r  ■- 

tuled. 

The  Swedes  generally,  in  nuptial  c  rcmonies,  have 
art'ectc-d  pomp  and  fupcriiuif, ,  Ikv,.:..!  the  i)i^,Mrtion 
ot  their  abilitie-;  l.ir,  by  the  e\i.els  of  one  ckv,  ot'- 
teiitimes  many  ot  them  involve  tliemalves  in  i'uch  in- 
umveniencie..,  that  they  cannot  remove  tlie.n  fur  I'ove- 
ral  ve.irs, 

'i'he  lame  is  obkrvable  in  t'-eir  funeral  foiemnities, 
vvliieh  are  uiuaily  accompanud  with  great  ijllity  and 
lealbng,  and  to  gain  lime  to  make  liieir  iv,v;.aratii.>n:, 
they  commonly  tranl'port  ti:eir  dead  to  vaults  within, 
Ml- adjoining  t')  the  chur.he:,  where  tiiey  remain  un- 
buried  kmie  luunih;.  But  of  late  ihefe, 'and  other  uii- 
necell.'irv  expences,  have  been  much  k.iil  aiide. 

The  Sweditli  l.u  guagc  is  formed  ot  the  ancient  Cro- 
thic,  or  Tutoiiic,  and  bears  a  near  altinity  to  that  of 
Jknmark.  Tnis  language  is  a  dialect  of  th.c  ATtcto- 
•-lotiiic,  Ipdkeii  ancient:;,  by  the  ini;.ibitants  of  Mieiian 
'lartary,  from  whence  the  northern  parts  of  Europe 
aie  lupjoleil  to  have  been  ]ie.)p!eil.  The  only  (peci- 
men  of  the  language  then  Ipi  ken  by  the  Scythian 
kioths  in  Mafia,  is  prelerved  in  a  book  at  L'])lal,  being 
a  tranllation  of  the  four  goipels,  hy  Uphilas,  billiop 
ot  the  Goths,  I'eated  u|ion  the  Palus  iMxotis.  The 
[.uiell;  dialect  ot  th.is  ancient  tongue  is  now  fouiul 
amoiig  tiic  Dalecarliaiis,  or  Mighlanders  of  Sweden, 
.did  in  the  ifland  ol'  kj..'.nd,  in  which  ])ln'--  it  ap- 
p.ars  to  have  a  l'u''pn!ing  conformity  to  tiie  i',n<dill), 
both  in  language  and  pronu.iciation. 

The  religion  of  Luther  was  cllabiillieil  in  Sweden 
loon  .liter  it  began  to  j.revail  in  the  I'r.tellant  j'arts  of 
(iermany.  Gulhivus  Vai'a  was  the  prince  who  (iiil 
introduced  the  tenets  of  that  Thcologil't.  He  ali.end- 
ed  the  throne  in  the  year  1523,  and  not  only  rendered 
the  legal  dignity  hereditary  in  his  own  tiimilv,  but  etta- 
blilhed  the  reformed  religion  in  Svreden,  where  it  has 
ever  liiice  continueel  to  tlourilli.  This  is  partly  owing 
to  the  laws,  which   prohibit  all  iioil'y  fecb;  and  partly 

to 


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lo  llie  rare,  afTKluitv,  and  i\i;ii!.ir  liviv  nl  tk-  (.ki;iv, 
In  wIikIi  tlicj  aii|Hiu  a  rurpiilinj;  iiiduinic  t»Vii  tin 
minil^  ut  iliL'ir  iuiiliriuf.  An  .uur.iin  (v.is  iuki-  mmli 
to  rc-iil.ibiilli  tlv.' Roiiut)  (  ailinlit  r^li^i'in  in  S^u•^l.l1, 
ani!  ihc  pciic  ot  t'.ii  >.ouiitrv  was  nut  a  littli-  ililliirl)i\l  i 
but  the  Iclniiic  pniviii  aouiiivc  ;  ami  nnw  ilic  };iivcrii- 
incnt  is  to  iiuuh  uj'uu  it>  j;iiaril  a>;ai:ill  ativ  tiituri- 
cti'ort  ot  the  like  kind,  tli.it  i\o  |ii>|'il|)  ]iii<.l)  laii 
enter  the  knujdoiii  without  ruiiiiin!;  tlie  riUiue  t>l 
c.il\ratiun. 

Till  Svvidilh  cluir*  h  is  i;iiverni-il  li\  (hk  ari  lilMlliup 
and  tiurtvM)  uitli.i;j,.iii>,  wUo  nniiinc  thoiiUihis  mtiivlv 
to  the  oiLUiMiion  ot  ihiir  o.ui  tuiuiimi.  I'liiy  ari', 
indeed,  pii.i"oiu  at  the  all.nil)l\  ot  the  dates ;  l>iii  are 
never  called  to  C()ii:kiI  ;  nor  do  tluy  ever  inteiiii.dille 
in  the  adininilhaiion  ot  iLite  atJ'.iir^.  Tiieir  revenues 
are  very  iiuKleratr.  that  of  the  meiropohtan  not  i.  \ 
cecding  400I.  lU'riinm  and  thole  i>t  the  billiops  ,;re 
proiwriionahly  liii.ilKr.  I'lukr  tliele  are  levui  or 
eii;ht  tupenniciul:uil«,  veiled  with  the  power,  tluiutih 
not  the  name  ot  liiil>ops  ;  an.!  a  provoll,  or  rural  dean, 
prehde>  over  each  10  ehurihes,  to  lui>erintend  the  eon- 
dud  ot  the  interior  clergv  ;  the  nuinl)er  ot  whom,  in- 
cluding; ihaplains  and  cuv.ite'.  ma>  ..mount  to  4000, 
tile  ihurehes  ill  I'inland  and  S,\tileii  l-.eiiig  little  lels 
than  Ii.ilt   th.lt  niiililier. 

The  mctroj'ijhtan  lee  ot  Sweden  's  I'pial.  'Ihe  in- 
terior diorelej  .vre  thole  ot  i,inko|.inu,  .Skara,  Str.ng- 
nil's,  \\  elkros,  W  e!;tt(»,  Aho,  Lund,  B.)r};,o,  (i,jtten- 
burg,  Caliua.,  Cari.iad,  Uernoluid,  and  \\  ilhv.  In 
the  eleiiioii  lit  the  archbiili  >p,  ail  tiie  e(^n^l^t^)rie^,  or 
chapters  ot  the  kingdom,  givi.  iiuir  voies;  hui  i.u 
furt'rigan-.  are  ciioleii  in  tne  tijliauini;  m.mner  :  thite 
peri.Jii^  a;e  ]irelented  by  the  thajjter  to  the  king,  who 
conter^  t.ie  ilioiv-li.  on  one  ol  iheiii,  witli  the  advice  o| 
the  leiute.  Simple  belHiiee^  are  belloucd  in  S.ved^n, 
as  in  Kngland,  by  rig.it  ot  preleni  ition  ;  wiiiiii  is 
lometinies  veiled  in  the  crown,  and  lonieliiue-.  in  tin.' 
iiobilitv. 

TIk  iiiteiior  cK-rg)-  ar,'  geneially  ot  the  lower  dil'. 
of  [H-'Oplf.  tons  <>t  iieal.mis  or  |M)or  uii/.ens;  1,,  t!,;u 
they  live  ;he  more  conie.ited  with  their  lliLill  i;uoi,u-, 
which  ariles  trom  certain  ineonliderable  ilue^,  j'.l-be- 
landb,  and  one  thiril  of  ihe  tythe  .  The  .nlur  i,\o 
thirds  are  veiled  in  the  crown,  to  be  uiiployed  m  j  mu 
anil  charitable  iiles.  Ni  twitluianding  their  |.o\.ii\, 
the  Swediili  prielU  are  extremely  hoij, liable,  and  their 
Itoul'ei  are  always  up^n  tor  the  relrilhiiiciii  ot  liran;;ers 
and  travellers. 

The  Swediili  clniixlus  are,  in  t;eneral,  lian<lMnu 
and  Ipacious  buildini2,s,  aiul  well  ornamented.  rinv 
arc  ke[)t  neat  and  clean,  in  good  repair,  and  turnilluii 
wuh  rich  ait.ar-cloths  and  vclinnnts. 

The  church  is  govenieil  aceordin;;  toa  boti\  ot  en  le- 
(l.ifSicai  laws  and  taiions,  reviled  I;.'  a  (.ommiti^c  ilioau 
from  the  ditfeient  Ibites  that  compole  tiie  diet,  and  a;  - 
proved  by  the  king.  By  thele  canems  it  is,  among  other 
things,  ordained  ■ 

1.  That  it'  any  Swedilh  I'libjn^  changes  hi-  religion, 
he  (hall  be  banilhed  the  kingdom,  and  lole  ail  nglii  ot 
inheritance  for  himt'clt  and  his  del'cendants. 

2.  Tiiat  it  any  perlbn  continues  excominvinicated 
above  a  vear,  he  lliall  be  imii-nonw  I  a  montli,  during 
'Ahi^h  he  Dull  be  ted  wiih  inead  and  water  only,  and 
then  banilhed. 

3.  It'  anv  perCon  Ihall  intrfxliue  into  Sweden  teachers 
of  .an'.thir  religion,  he  Ihall  be  lined  and  banilhed. 

4  Foreign  ininillers  Ihall  enjoy  the  tree  ever^Je  ol 
their  re'.igiun  only  tor  ihemrelves  and  famih  . 

4.  St  rangers  Ihall  noi  be  allowed  to  exercilo  a  ditfer- 
ent  religion  publiilv;  and  tlieir  children  Ihall  be  lup- 
li/ed  by  Lutheran  inini;1ers,  and  educated  in  their 
.ommiinion,  oti-.erwile  they  Ihall  noi  enjoy  ilie  privi- 
leges ol  Swediili  I'ulijects. 

By  thcie  laws  the  laity  are  obliged  to  jiav  a  Uriel  ai- 
tend.uice  to  the  duties  o)  religion;  and,  inileeit,  llie 
civil  magilb-ate  i-  empowered  to  imnilh  with  impriliin- 
,-,;e!'.f,  aU  tlioi'c  who  aL-lenl  theiuli-lvei  from  divme  ler- 


viie  wiiiiDiit  .1  pmiK'r  rr  ci:!.'.  \h<t  the  rl-nv  .v  ,•  . 
entruli.d  \mi1i  l,,e  e-.u.m  <r  i!  .•  ov.; '!...•■ -.  •  . 
can  the'.  tranl,i.-t  in.ii.  ■■■,  ol  .iii_\  i:'!port mci- v.u !•■.•,";  i. 
lonciirrviice  ot  the  civil  |Mv,»\r.  iM.,;-a  lati!.-'.  1  <';.■ 
cognizable  in  the  ei  cl.  liallicnl  court-, '.ire  now  iri;,li, 
l.iuLir  iribunab.  ihe  ilergv  .n.-  n.l  eu  1  ji.  ;:;,iii.,| 
to  pron  luiice  the  lenience  ot  >  xciminiuiiiMiiv.n  VMili,.ar 
the  king's  perniilli.iii,  beeaule  in  th.it  lale,  it  w,,ii;| 
k-  coniidereil  that  tlie  line  luj  be.'ii  ilepnvid  ot  a 
lul'ie.'!. 

Among  the  better  lliil  i\  people,  am!  the  hi-I,  r 
ranks,  tjicre  l^  a  conruler.ible  d.-giee  ot  .vaiin;','.'  V 
gooil  education  111  Swoleii  liis  a  imn  to  ihii'u-  In  am 
country  in  Luroir.  In  their  Miools  ti.ev  lear;i  dr.u., 
Latin,  French,  Kngliih.  and  <  iermati ;  to  I'ui  i.i.ij 
are  very  fi"v  inil.iiKe'  o!  a  .vo'.i:ig  m.in'>  iiml,  r!!,.;.  k  " 
the  dc.ul  laiigii.igis,    ,^,^^\   |,,,t  ;)}   ,(,..  |.,,,,^,  ,,,„,^  ^.^j, ',' 

malhrot  two  or  three  verv  iiiet'ui  hvir;;  on.- . 

T\h\  have  llviial  uni-.en.ii' s.  wimii  .ir.-  pr..vl,I.d 
witii  ai'le  proleil.'irs.  In  tlule  I.  iniinri^s  the  i.-  .imi,- 
knowhdge  is  .-.aluial  hillory  and  tne  uiitl,,i:i..i.  >  , 
and  therein  they  Ihcw  their  g'H-d  lenle  .is  muv  li  a  ..:,» 
nation  in  I'.urope,  for  tiiere  are  no  other  j  art  .ot  knov.- 
ledg.'  iliat  tlelerve  f.mueli  alt. alio. ■..  thi  rell  liciiig  l.jr 
orn-mient  aloiu-;  but  tluie  are  ulitul  in  everv  branili 
ot  hie.  iManv  of  their  own  m  itlicmatici.uis  are  111  gi- 
iieral  elieem,  as  tluv  ap;  very  rarely  without  kvcial 
wliole  Works  a:e  kr.own  to  all  b.u  ojc.  In  naimal 
liiliory  they  are  unriv.ili.d  ,  Im:;  li,  v  lio  ir  1  (v.\i  |i|.ir 
tar.i-  in  this  fiaiii.!i  r.urJy  to  I  .  1..1 ',r. .  ;  :.  l.li,./ 
he  was  born,  this  lludy  wa-  the  tavo-vte  o  le  in  II, ir 
univeilitie- ;  :i:'d  th.'v  h:.-,e  )  ro  iiic  il  inan>-  rvit  1:  .t 
caiiie  I  iIk.ii  greit  r  1  Li' m' 1,1  I  .r  i!  i.-'.  .:k. ;  :  .:i  >'  v 
have  linct  been  ((.''pied  !••.  Linr.i-'.'  ,  ;,iid  hi  ;.ui:  s 
■  .il'ci;iet. 

The  S.vc'ics  are  i-riof!  d.-liik-iil  11  ti'e  p,/;';,-  .;  ;  . 
You  1.'  ik  .\nio',ull   tl  ii;i     :i  \.)M  loi'    :  I  .ijiiJi  ;,    .1  [  ,  ,;.    I 

;'•  itii ir',,  or  I  n.'i.i'.  11.    Il  1:..  .v' ;  f  ii'.  r,  ;,■   '. 


•  .!■ 


re,  Hi.,  1     il 


e  I  '. ,  ) , 
I    .  I   a-..-.  ■  <  ;'  r  .  ,r   t  e  .■ . 
ina    "iiiKiil   artn  aitinr    il   1  );>!■,!■    ;l  t  ■■\:'.  ,   ivi- il 
I'.. id  .1  i.ati)!!   1-:  ti',.    n. ■;■..!  o-,  >.      i  !■••  ;■!■    ,  I    ,   luv 


ii'iiiilv  riih,  .;r,  1  v.f,  li.M.ri'.r.  '1  iie  .ui  ..u  ;:  • 
c!m'!!,.  :i  (  1  liiM!  •' .  W  il!;,i  .;  a  ;:;\Mt  liow  ot  e\;,!'v- 
iui,[ii.i'  li,'.a:;;h  ivirv  l''.■^  <l  t,e  ]  <''•]' ■,  w-  iv ;  ■ 
; 'oi'i'MK.  Il.it  a  r,.;liim  i^  ivu  1  leh  r:<oi,,..^'i  l.i;  i';l'  t.;:,' 
.Ills  t.i  ktin  among  ihvin.  Tiie  am!'  1  mat  eMi  I  i\  ■..  I 
alw.-,\>be  lure  ol  lometii'ng  ii.oie  tiian  a  coni  elvi.''  ; 
the\  ma'd  lia\e  ailluen.  e.  Ti'iy  are  ',,  r.cr.ii,  niea  oi 
warm  iiiKigination-,  ai.d  lovn:,  i|  pii;ilur, .  Ihev 
il.ull  ua'uge  their  im  !i;atiop',  r.li  I  i.mI  be  c-:ii  ,]  t  m 
poverlv.  wl.ile  tl..}  ar.'  :ill(.ir,i 'i;i^_r  (,,  piiulu-.i'  uoiks 
lh.it  lluilil-e  li'.eaumir.ili  n  wi  .ucie  iii  g  .igj'.  llihie 
all  the  tamous  ages  in  v\'\\\  lie  .  .s  have  ri'.nto  .1 
great  ihgree  ol  eininente,  i.or.i  n  •.'.':•,■  vtv  I, .111  u-.  iiie:» 
bei.ig  cotMllporaries,  h.ive  uiiiv^.'la.iy  1;,  n  b  ■  rivle't 
and  moll  lu\U|■lol;^  ages  111  the  worlil  :  not  i:;..t  ive.iiili 
is  alone  luilleii  iii  will., ml  iu.\ur\'. 

The  Swedes  h.ave  no  jHiel  ;  lor.ie  atte't'i  l  that  I'ti 
ol  compolilion,  but  it  is  ar.vavs  111  Laim,  .i.id  loi:;.- 
ijuently  ol  nonieru.  Their  paii.tiis  iv  vi  r  iile  liigli.r 
than  very  bad  portrait  one-;  ti-'  i.iiiie  t.i  on  <ii.i..in- 
iiig  in  Sweilen  a^  formerU  in  Kiyji.iiul,  .,  i'en  we  li.vl 
notiiing  but  poririil  pamteis,  be  ..u.  ■  no  oihers  n.i 
with  any  eiicourageii!t  iii.  'I'oii  hear  v.r'  ;;ood  irulic 
at  Sloekhohii,  bi:!  it  is  all  b'  (iernu'i  iiiu'.'  -ins.  This 
is  n.it,  therelore,  a  km-idi  m  lo  whicli  air  piiioii  wouK! 
rel'.iii  to  be  e.-ilerta'ee  I  In  the  I'.ne  art  . 

Sl,(.-T!0\'     \\  . 

Ccmmevce,   Re-niHii,  /lyuuimrn'r,    Ml'lrn'    cril    K.'-:.d 
l.divs,  JuduiitHrc,  L'l .  cj  l!:.'  Kiir^'-K:  if.-:...:.   . 

WIT  II  relocui  to,  eo:r.:-'.i  ree  in  general,  b  le  is 
no  coniiliA  iiiwliich  iiilaid  ii,ivi.',,ltion  v.  ''.I 
be  alteiukd  wilh  letter  c.',','  i|ue!:'.e'  iha".  In  Swedi  1, ; 
tor  all  their  produas  are    ver\    buikv ,    eivl  r..u'I    h  iv  ■ 

V.  .'.1  ■■  • 


lU't   t'lL-  cl'T|',-  :,'.'   ;    • 
1  !    l!..-'    iiV.l    !.i.'.'  ;    •     • 

i:'!;.(irt.iiK<'  v.'si !••.■.  ;  i. 

M.,;-.\  iVA\-.  1  "i.i 

.•ourt',  urc  now  i -u.l  1 1 

iUt-  ii.'t  cvi  1  i'.::.iMt,.l 

LLiiiDiniiiiiiMiu'ii  V  nii.iir 

ill    lli.U    l;\U-,  It   \Sf\]'.  1 

j:i.'iv,>!i-,  ,ini!   ill.-  Ii!!'!,  r 

il.'j!,n\'  lit  iv.iiiii;'./.  \ 
,  a  HUM  t>>  iMui.-  'n  .inv 
liluHi'is  ll.vv  kMr;i  ( ir.u.. 
(iciin;\M;  l<i  I'l.it  liuic 
\:v.\  i\i.m''>  ii-.id,  rli..;.   i:  ^^ 

■M   tir.'  I.iiui-  tsniL  I'v;;^ 
fill  li\nvj,uiK-. 
li's,  wlii.li  iiu-  ;i-..\i,:,.l 
■  1,  iuin'.rii's  ihc  i,;'    u  i:  ■ 

.■.I'd    111.'    uiitliv:;i..i,  '  , 
H.d  knlc  a-  iiu'.v  ii  .i   ..:  y 

!V  111)  mIIhT  )    111  .  i.|  kll'  v. - 

t.,iiui.'..  I'lA  ii'll  liciii;.',  lor 
V  iitltul  u>  i-AcTy  br.ir.cii 
iii\t'"  iii.iiHi.iii^  arc  111  j'l 
lA  rarii"  wiihout  k\tnil 
ail  lAiMji.'.  In  naliual 
■i:;  li,  v  i!'>  II'  I  ii'Ai  I'l.ir 
ii.  I.I  I.. I  us  ;  !  ;.  I  -it.."' 
iif  Mvo'.r  !c  o  !'.•  Ill  II  .'a- 
!■(.  i'.n  il  in-,;rr'  |-'.'-n  ll  .1 
I  ,r  i!  i.-  •.  ■.1. ;  :  .:'  ''  v 
inr.vv  ,  :.iii!  I  >    ;.i-ii-        ■•> 

•lii  HMil   i'l  ti>o  j'i/;  :^'  :.'.  . 
.:i'i  lor  '.  I  ,,iii!>;,  a  1 .  .'.  i 

I  ;..■    .A'  If  o;,  ii    11'     ''  .       I 

I   a  '■.;•  o:'  r  .ir   t/  .:.  - ; 

,•,!■,  ,:.   \\    I  -Mi'.    ,    Wl.'  11:  A' 

I  !'•■  !''!■  .  r  >  i'.<\  - 
I.  ,,:.t,\  rl'  .1  .  ..  .'.•.-  .'  ■• 
l.M  .1-.  'I  Iv-  -lii  ■•'••  '■  ■ 
,;  a  'sv'.t  liow  lit  ex;  .  ih  • 
-  it  1,'c  1  ci,;  1  ■,  w  ■  I"--.  ■ 
.,t  iii'l  r:>oi,;..;i  |.)r  I'lV  !,:•• 
'liic  am:'  1  I'iU  c.Mii  a  I.  I 
iiioii.'  than  a  con.  u.i.' '  ; 
1'i'i.v  arc  ',  r.cr.i!.  nun  ol 
oMi--.  'I  I'naiuri.  I  l.vy 
V,  atvl  lot  I'c  c-;'.i   1 1  I.I 

ir.l  Mii'j;  to  i.io.i'.uic  works 
,1  ;iicic    'il  'J,  .i|i^'.      1  •<■  !=>■'■ 

1  ll  c  .  .^  iia\c  li'  :i  to  i 
tn:\  '.y.:\'\;  vc  y  1  .ni  u^  iiicu 

i.is^.-la.ly  1  -.11  i!  •  rii'  c"! 

,ic  vvorld  :  iiol  in..t   vM.^idi 

I  :'  l.nra"  attc  i  ■  i  il'.a!  Tn 
■vax'i  111  I..Uin,  and  lor.;.'- 
ir  I'aii.t"'!'-  iv  Vif  iilc  li';^i!-r 
:  i'f-  l..li:c  ta  on  ol.i  nii- 
ih   l-'-rpland,   .M'<ni  vu-   l-i'l 

lis,  Vk-'  .iU.  •  no  olllc^^  ir.i 
Voii  licar  v.r<  ;v'<'*l  i'",''*^ 
f  (  ^.rinan  imi'i'  '  uw.  l  '■''' 
;  1..  vvincli  an'  I'lrloii  wouli! 
hi'  r.nf  art  . 

ON     \\. 

•J  !':.■  ki>r\-'':-  if  •'  :..■'■  ■'• 

;virura-  in  crncral,  l'    !v  n 

II  in!  u  d   iiaviLvuloiv    v.   ';  i 
■■  Mil','!:'.'.-  than,  in  Swcilii. ; 

vcrv'lnilkv,  md  r-nl'    '"^ ' 
\'-.'.t  -•  ■ 


KUROPF.l 


S     W     F.     I)    r.    K. 


f^.i 


,  ••  ill  Swi-J.n  tn-'.n  it  did 
!iij  ii  owin  >■  13  ni.iticr  ol 
re  ir)t  i^rtM.cr  in  propor- 
lnp;)i!:„i    and  thou':h  I'c- 


watcr-cirria^^',  or  they  cunn- 1  I'C  fit  tc»  ir.arUct. 
Many  of  till' lives  T'.- navi.Mlilc:  ')iit  iiii'ic  arc  nriny 
tricki,  CDVcn'd  v.i.Ii  tiitr  I  ii!  Il  w<w)d>,  which  yield 
Icarcdy  any  pro:'.:,  Cur  vi air  cr'  wirer-cari :.'.,."•,  at  tl'.c 
I'aiiic  tniu-  tliat  coiiiii  ■.•m'/I  iiv  is  icn  tliroui/.i  iliL-m, 
vir.ili  m:;dif,  at  a  vrv  I'l  i  i  t-.;  r:  ■ ,  !"•  made  n:ivi- 
;;;di|c  on!;»  liy  rcn'.ovi;;:  i  •■  ,.1  iil;il.-;iw.L!uii .,  a,,d  not  l>y 
a  ;',c(t''ral  ilf  j'tiii  .j  <»!■  >■  ,  '  .  .  i'. 

J'l-w  c'.ninriits  are  bttr  ;n|  ;>'lcd  v\l'li  li.riionrs 
many  <»l  v,hii"!)  .iiv  i  \tr  na  ly  i'.m.  ,  ui  •  .\n  !  \\'.c  -,  und  the 
luiiiilicr  i^  li)  coniikl.-ial.'l.',  i.'.c  ili'ir  tr.u'.*  will  never 
Hand  llill  for  want  :;;'ili-;;i  ..i  ar.y  ;  .i.t  of  tl;e  Lin,  ddin. 

'I'lie  S.vedilh  nianii;'i:!'.iii-.  arc  n<.:  ciiiliderabic. 
'I'licy  il  ivc  Isrclnun  !.:bi;<!.<,  in  »  I  li  aic  wroiiglu 
vciy  pjdod  tint.,  bull  i  i'  li?:-nj)  and,  :;  :;  bit:  th^y  are 
noi  iiiMrcon, a'  i  'bL-infin  li  to  I'lr',  1/  ihcii  liome  coii- 
Ibinpiic  i\  Of  <,:.n'.  .'iv.!  |i.;;  cr  til,-'  i  rj.'or:  vry  little, 
llaidua!  ■  i;  a  tiir.'i  .T.'liic  .Ki...'  'ir  ■:',  ,;  tlv.-iii,  not 
in  tlie  Uiie  of  iiui  i;;,i,  ,ii:  ^lam  nam  iiu-.,  Liir|rin- 
1  ii).ijiy  til  tiic  '.<)  I  ,dciy  w  :y.  '1  r.  v  c,  '■.  <■:■..■:  ::■:  i  b-.s 
I.t  c.'.M.iin,  V.  liicii  ti'.ev  c,-.  .,)it  to  '.li  l,.iii'Ci  »;jobclI. 
Ill  j.',re.»r  nu.iiocr,  a:;d  rn.iiiy  w.n  r  ai.iu.H.  Jadi.-j, 
tlitv  a.-e  U;'riv.',!lcd  in  '..ra  irci.i  and  i  ipper  ii-,inc:., 
\\hi..ii  arc  far  mot  c  .nliJ  i  il!..-  thiii  tlin;e  of  any  oiIxt 
io..in.y  ill  t'.liri<p  ;  lo  t  ,L  t'  -Y  ■■■\-\:\;'  Lupprr  to  nuilt 
()!  iiic  piiipofc.  tii.r  vc  do  i^.d  11  I  ui.'-nd,  likii  a.. 
co',Tiin['s  to  rlieir  cninJi'-,  p,i,-i;c  buddi.ijj;,  great 
private  c  luicc: ,  bic, 

C'.aiiiiicicc  iloiirifli  ■ .  i.'.  . 
|o;!ic  vcars  a.;<).     'i'o  v  iiu 
('  Hilit  i  iDi   t':cir  pro  il'    •    . 
Iioii  to  tlv,'  ir,c;-(Mrc  I't  ti.i.r 

vcralviy  ividu  loua  1  iws  li.ivc  iittn  nude  |.>.'  us  cn- 
cniira^ciir.nt,  it  cannot  Ic  llippui'.- i  t:-c  c;i:"Ct  v/anld, 
li.ivc  ['•t\-n  anr.vciaijlc  to  vdat  aj  i..;a:->,  nnkfi  otlur 
lealonb  ii.ul  C'jnlpiicd  ..c  'lie  fa  lie  rime.  However, 
tiic  lad  i.-;,  that  th.ir  [hijipini';  is  riiiitii  incnafcd. 
'1  li«ir  Ibips  tliey  biiilii  .)i  a  greater  b.ir:'ifn,  /nd  tluy  en- 
gnrc  in  more  tiadiiu;  v,)yj!;e.s  t'-..;n  r()r:v!.-;iy.  'I'iiis  i'. 
a  point  of  very  tt;cai  iniportanc', ;  tor  it  tlicy  ate  able 
to  (xport  tlic  princi[)al  pare  c!  ri,c;r  i  i.m,  timber, 
pitch,  t.ir,  hemp,  and  copper,  i.i  t!  ci.'  o\.ii  liottom."!, 
it  will  add  more  than  any  thinii  chl-  to  ili--  vc'  !i  of  the 
kingdom  ;  .it  the  fair.e  taiic  tiiac  tiicir  i),:'.'al  I'oi  ..c  will 
be  iiicrcalcd  ^reaily,  wnicli  is  the  bell  and  inolJ:  ulciul 
lijrcc  tlit-y  can  cherifh.  bicrrafni!!;  their  Ihipping,  is 
improving  and  acccieratin;.;  th,-  markeij  U;y  ail  tii^ir 
piodU'.'U,  and  cannot  but  incrtai'c  them  in  a  very  ii::^h 
lie^rcc.  The  b'jilding  and  fitting  out  tlie  Ib.ips  is  the 
motl  advantageous  maiuifaiftuic  in  the  Li.i;;  io.i,  and 
that  which  nvjre,  than  any  other,  biin-^i  wealth  inr.o 
ilic  countrv.  Tiie  braneiic;.  of  commerce,  which  th'.'y 
have  more  particularly  inc:-.'..!cd  of  late  years,  are  rlie 
l'',all-ln(li.i  trade,  the  trade  to  Portugal,  Spain,  ...nd 
the  i\lediterrar.ean. 

■J  I.e  exports  of  Swcdea  arc  iron,  woo.l,  i,ir,  |.ipc- 
llaves,  Uried-coil,  copper,  lirafs-wire,  pitch,  licnines, 
and  t:.;in-oil.  'I'lie  i  npcirts  conlill  c''  grain,  various 
kinds  cf  provilion.,  coliee,  llax,  ir.an'il.ictiiriiig  jn.ite- 
riah,  fii'ar,  hemp,  C\'c. 

It  \s  till  ■■,il.T,  ili.ic  about  one  half  of  the  bar  iron 
V. '-.icli  i,  in.idc  in  tnii  country,  is  cxjiortcd  citi-icr  to 
(iic  it  Britain  or  lit '.a;;.!. 

I'he  trail'.-  to  I'ortv: 
^■:)A  wine.i,  is  in  'avv.: 
lor  tliofe  commoiliiiv 
I'lut  the  trade  to  l-'rance  is  dellrui'Uvc,  as  it  takes  otl 
In:  f e  V  ot'  rheir  co.iiinodities,  cxcejit  iron  and  a  li'.tlc 
br  ilV  V  lie,  y.  t  lun.s  awa'.'  v, itii  a  great  deal  c;f  their  fpc- 
I'c,  ae,,!  rcriirn^  tlie-n  li,ndly  any  thing  bur  luxuries. 
■]  ne  I  .ivment.,  ill  tins  country  arc  uiualiv  r.-.ide  in 
upper,  th  it  l)cin[;;  the  piiiieipal,  b-nt,  at  the  I'.i  r.e  time, 
a  v-erv  inconvenient  medium  of  trade,  as  lome  of  the 
cpper  coins  arc  as  large  a;  a  tile,  and  when  a  i-erlon 
lee,  ivis  a  Uim  of  tiiis  money,  it  mult  be  carried  home 
in  a  cirt,  v.luilbarrow,  or  laii;.  But  here  arc  lome 
<;oldi  dia  at^,  value  9s.  _;d.  cicll ;  cijiiit  mark  jiieces  ol 
iilver,  valued  at  c-,,   ;■!.  ,:!k1  four-mark  pieces  ot  lilvci, 


.111!  .Spiin,  for  filr,  fruits, 
'  tiie  .Swedes,  as  tiiey  barter 
I- r   iron,    tiili,    and   co.nicr. 


Iiidf  tlie  v.uiie  of  the  tatter,  A  dollar  filvrr-n-.inf,  .is  it  i,s 
termal,  is  worrii  about  an  l.n^ilh  Ihilliin;  j  .uid  three 
iloll.:rs  copper-mint  make  one  doll.ir  filvcr'mint. 

J  he  cIluLiliftied  icvmiies  of  Sweden  arile  from  a  c.i- 
pii..tion  tnH,  crown  lands,  excites,  tiilloms,  cert.dn 
iyht,«,  filvt-r  mine',  copper  mines,  law  procceclini'i, 
and  a  few  lefi  conlidcr.ibic  p.irdculars, 

A  ili  d  part  of  the  rcveniii  s  are  appropriated  to  tl-c 
life  I,;  C  e  roy:;!  f.ii.-.ily,  and  the  icIl  t  >  f  ippnir  the  evil 
and  hiiiiraiy  etlabli(h:iicn:n,  I'Ik-  revenue:,  of  the  ki.iL; 
of  Svedcn  were  anciently  fo  Imall,  tiiat  t!;ev  could 
hardly  inaint.:in  him  t  ar,  they  aiolo  only  from  fome 
du'.'is  on  iTieuliaiidize.s  •mpott'tt  or  e:;p<irte,l,  cir.-jvT 
by  l.a  or  land.  It  was  conlid  rably  iiKre4li.-d  by  the 
dd'.ovety  of  the  niincs;  but  chietly  by  the  introdurli')ii 
of  tlie  ref nm.ttion :  for  Cjulhivus  f,  l-..'.vin(7  propolu! 
to  tile  nobility  to  fliarc  wi.li  liim  the  church  lands,  wiiicli 
made  ii|i  abo'vc  one-tliiril  of  ihe  kin[;dom,  lti.:c,i  t'-.e 
rrreati'll  putt  of  limri;  and  united,  aifo,  v/iiii  the  crx-.n, 
the  ri  'lit  of  foitciturcs,  v;lui  ii  I; 'lon'n-d  to  the  bHlvpi 
elmoii  ti:r'iut;iiour  ill  Sweden:  a:;d  the  reliimi  tion  </f 
lai.u  ,  p.-.inttd  aw.iy  Irom  the  crown  by  ptt-r  ilinj^ 
kin;  -,,  to  tl.e  nobility  and  {;■  ntry,  have  railed  the  kn.sr'i 
revcn-ucs  to  a  very  Iii'zh  degree.  This  was  il(.ne  hy 
kin;;  C!  arles  XI.  in  the  ye.u  iGSo  :  .iiid  tliounh  it  was 
mcili  oppofed  by  the  allenibly  of  tliv  Hates,  c.'pecially 
by  die  nobility,  yet  tlie  lower  oi'd..'r  ci.nli-ntinp-,  tlie 
nolMiity  v.erc  I'iirc.'d  to  comp'y.  B  Jidc  s  ihelL-  br.iiic'.cs, 
tiie  kni^<  ha-i  a  third  part  of  j11  tines,  when  tli-.-y  do  not 
cx'.eed  luty  m.nks  of  lilv,-r ;  and,  when  they  do,  he 
ta;>es  it  ail.  He  has  alio  all  fortcitun  s  upon  the  account 
of  h: 'h  trcafon  J  and  tlie  eflates  of  ilraiigtrs,  if  their 
heirs  i  o  not  .ip;ear  wi  hin  a  year  after  their dr..tli. 

I'lie  Swedilh  forci  j  conlilt  chielly  of  an  ellablinieJ 
naiionil  militia,  the  ngiilations  of  which  were  either 
formeil  or  iirp'oved  by  C"har!e-i  XI.  and  thence  conri- 
iiiu.i  to  be  the  balls  of  the  [.relet  (.iLiMilViment.  'I  he 
nob'iiiy  and  i-entfy  were  oblige!  t'j  furniili  tlie  cav.ihy ; 
and  a  eibleman,  after  haviiv;  funiilhed  a  m.:n,  cimld 
m.t  put  eidicr  liim  or  hi';  horlV  to  any  other  employ- 
ir,'.  lit.  The  infantry  are  railed  .'Vnm  among  the  l..rms, 
.md  '.lie  king's  (Dmmilfion  diltributes  t'lem  throerh 
the  vai'i.)us  provinces,  in  proportion  to  tlu-  mi  nber  of 
farns,  each  of  which,  to  the  value  of  above  (,:].  per 
annu.n,  not  beipi;  occupied  by  the  ollicers,  or  aj-pro- 
pr:atvd  to  their  peculi.ir  lerviccs,  are  chirsvii  «irli  (.ne 
toot  foldicr,  ->vho  recri'v'es,  from  the  faniiir,  fni-'ir  i-, 
diet,  cl(),ths,  aii',1  a  triliin[i  annual  allowance  of  irion-v  : 
or  ot'ierwite  a  wooden  ho'il--  is  built  fiir  him  at  the  far- 
mer's charge,  wiio  mult  ali<»  tiirnilh  him  with  as  rri-eh 
,'i,iy  a.'i  V.  ill  k'.-cp  a  c  )-.v  in  winter,  and  pailurage  in  fu'.n- 
mcr,  and  plough  and  1  )',v  tor  him  tiirli  a  p.arc  1  of" 
ground  as  will  aliord  liim  bread.  Thole  that  ire  ir.nr- 
ried  (.\;  manv  of  them  aic)  generally  accept  this  lirrer 
condition.  The  unmarried  tiddlers  iilirilly  abi  le  v  irii 
till-  t.n'iocr,  but  are  not  obligcil  to  do  him  any  ferviee 
•.v;tli'j',i:  v.ages.  When  t'ley  have  once  taken  the  pea- 
i.iiit,,  money,  and  are  lided  into  the  king's  ll-rvice,  ti-.ey 
c  111  ii'-vir  quit  it  as  long  as  they  are  able  to  fcrve  j  and, 
if  they  ilcfeit,  they  arc  pu.iillied  v.itli  death.  The  liiCb 
inllit'iition  I'l'  this  inetli.)d  was  ver-/  burdenfome  to  the 
pcaliuus,  v/i'.o  v.cre  at  gre.it  charge  to  hire  tlrdr  men, 
who  cctt  them  lol.  and  limietimcs  iol.  a  piece;  and  the 
liime  thev  tniill  do  wiv  .never  their  foldicr  dies.  Tins, 
in  pe.iceable  liiues,  is  not  ti)  ch.-.rgeabk-  as  in  tirres  of 
w.u,  when  iren  r.ie  iiniMrung  to  ferve,  and  recruits 
more  fre^paentiy  wanfd. 

.•\ .  ail  ilu-  c. villi',  in  li>!d'ers  are  thus  pro\'ii!ed  fir  at 
the  e.'ii'.ury's  I'lai'-e,  fo  all  officers  both  of  horfe  antl 
f.i'T.  .},!.•  miintaiii'd  liv  the  kin_i:,  v.ho  has  appro;'! i- 
at:d:(.;  t:'„.i  p.i.rpofe  loir.e  ot'  the  lands  re-uii't.  .',  or 
f.ii,Vv  ';,  belonging,  to  tl',e  crown  :  fo  that  every  o!ii;' r 
ii.is  a  c  e.ier.ieiit  le.nie,  an'd  a  C'.niipetcnt  pori' n  cf 
find  to  l:ve  u;'.on,  lltu.itcd  in  tlia'  ptiit  of  the  counriy 
vl.e;e  i:.e  rcj'iment;  he  belon;!;s  to  is  qnirtcrea ;  :',s  .;;la 
tl'.e  rent  of  as-m.-pv  uih.  r  taiir..-  •■.,  ink'-  u;i  his  j'av; 
ulecli,  t'lini-'li  it  be  1  'ni.'v.liaf  lei-  tli.in  loni;..'lv,  -.  I'f, 
In:;';:  j  tmcui.'.ily  pei..!,  ciiiicr  in  money,  cein,  or  i,:!ier 
t)   L  commoj'in  s'. 


dl 


m 


:i 


^Ir 


'Mi  t  ,  S    ", 


ti 


^1. 


Ilvj 


lis   u    .]  jlH 


I'    :.t''|. 


iir 


lid, 


MliWiSife 


I 


m.: 


•<-:! 


Ch: 


M-.W  AVD  Al;TlI^:^;TIC  svs^l■^T  ok  i'mvirsa!.  (hogra; 


■omiiioauu'.,  t!u-v   !i!v.l   ir  moiv  profituiilc  tli.in  \vh. 


iluv 


i  wen-  to  r.ilu-ir  Idi  11  .u  the  trcii'i 


Ac 


cuKnul  lit 


ioot  h.is,  1)1  dull-  l.iiuls,  till- yearly  i-fiit  lit'. ibout  jocK 
ami  the  n-ll  prDpoitioii.ibly,  whic'i  a-iiou.its  to  aluv.it  I 
1W\.  .1  yen- r.ii  the  nirui.rs  both  ii]>iht  .uul  iiiiiie  ,  I 
ut  one  ''.)()t  nui.iicnt,  anil  there  lieiiit;  in  Sweikii,  I 


\ 


ii.,1,    aiu 


1. 


elLilililli:iietit,  the   inaiiiti-n.mct 


;!i- 
nL'iment'.  o','  toot   .ukIu-  ihii 


!or.irin.r'  to  ti)e;n  eoit  tiie 


:i)e  thj  k 


Wli.it   e.'i,ii)re    l 


I"   iloatliiii  :   ot   t 


Lji'   all  uw  cineeis  Iv- 

.iiiou'  -o.croi.  a  ve.ir. 

le  OiiiniiHin   I'lMihrr'-, 

tilvir  ar:iv;,   .u.J   |m-!i   o;in.r 


once  in  two  or  tnree 

neci-ll'iri'',  may   air.oiuit  to,  eaiiiMt  li)  eal'ilv  bo  co 


Dutev 


1  :k-  ctli 


horfe 


lire  provi.lcd  lor  after  thi 


lame  inaiiner,  with  I'ueh  lai-e  allow.nv.e  as  is  requi- 
lit'-.  Thtre  are  15  re.;iiiK'ii:s  or  h(i;i;>  thus  ell.t'iiiiHi- 
iiiiiicnaaee  of  thiir  olllci  r..  is  eonipii- 


CO,  and  the  111 


<c  about  S.; 


to  b 

rents  oi  crown  l.u 
tl 


A. 


all 


V  DlCil 


as  uo  .iilo    tliC   u; 


officers    111   the   cou  -.vv.    u 


tl 


:le.-.  tri;..i  tii 
111'  cin 
■\  d    t  ; 


uir  e    pioVii 


Kiirs,  in 


10  luve  t,'..  ills 


ni.iiiner  as  tlie  11 11;,,  1,1. 


I'le   1. 


.ws  eraKtid   I  ;;■   maintaiiiiii!'  this  con  ii.tili 


are  very   iMrticiiiir,  an  i  provi.ic,  with  ijrea:  ciMc.oii 


th 


It    luitiier  t!;e  ])eaiaius   ihaii 


Iv,-  o;vneltc. 


lanJs  or  houl 


nor  t.'.c 


or  houli-s  ruined:  to  \shicii  en, I  all  I 


vea: 


vilkcJ,    ant!    the    iiollil'; 


III  11  l.uuls  aie 
pelled   to   make 


Inch  re'Klirs  as  ,;re  f'.Hii.d  necln.l;   an  I  as  i-verv  of 


iipcn  ills   br; 
inviirorv  ol' 


coailii;.;   to    I'.vh  .ill 
,d 


polli  iV) 


Lite,  fulii,  iiiic 
1,   u;i  >n  advanceiiv-nr,   h.r  cannot 


mo!    ai'.otlier  uiirje  till  he  his  piit   t'lat  elkir 


Jiiro  as  ijoid  a  coiidaion  as  he  f   c'l  1  i:;  and  in  cii'.  ol 
liii  ileatli     !•;.  ,'r/ii  ean.v.u  iidieii  ;■  iiil  ri.at  i.i  il.inc. 

In  ti  ivs  ot  p:'icc,  .lil  t.elj'.-.li's  and  criiiu-,  con 
r.iitted  In  tile  Ib'dicis,  t'.ilj  ordmirilv  under  tiie  corti.- 
•/.jnre  d'  a  civil  ir..;_L-ilhate,  wiio  lias  the  faine  auilu):  :i-, 
over  iliCii  as  ovir  tiie  icil  ot'  t;-,-  king's  I'nlve:;-,  cn- 
cept  wi,c!i  they  are  ciu.c.nicii  ir  !.i  ■.Mriil'o'i,  or  .•.;.'. 
ways  under  llyicir  colour,-. -.  ni  ail  wh-.ci:  ci'.i'-,  .,s  all  < 
in  matters  that  iclaic  :.  klv  to  t!i' :r  ;vi,';;!io  ,  tii.i. 
officirs  l;a\'e  jiii ild.ition  ovi'r  ti'  ir,  \v:tli.;i,t  u!;.)'' 
leave  a  private  t'oidier  is  nor  p^■<■■.■^  i,M|  [,>  l,„\.,r  ,.  i-  ,,| 
his  quarters,  nor  be  alilciit  a  u  >/  tioin  the  pMi  nli  h.- 
heionus  to.  'I'iie  int'etior  ollicers  cannot  be  ,.i):'inr 
from  their  rliiuve  l"t  by  their  chIoikT-  p- 1  ii.ili'.  m  ; 
nor  e.'prainv,  and  tin  Ic  ajor.-  tlicm,  witln.ii:  tin-  kia^', 
leave  .-^  love  ti.e  oidnurv  i-ltabnihiiienr,  tiie  k.ii_ 
annexed  to  i-.,ch  rci;i  iiint  -O  1'u]Hr:ir.mei.irv  (arni-,  t  i 
anl'wer  any  extraoidiiMry  u- cuieiit  ofliie,  iVc.  a:..l  v, 
furnilh  a  I'ubliltence  f.ir  I'l.cli  o.'licers  as  are  [laif  lir- 
Mce.  l-'or  coiiiinon  loldicrs,  ch;)m  age  and  •/>',. ii.!: 
have  -endt-red  unlit  tor  \'.v,  t!i-.'re  ib  one  LtiT.-r.d  noi 
}  itil,  vdiich  has  a  gi.ol  nwiuc;  and  bi-lijrs  iliai, 
I  .  ry  uiFicer  who  is  aiKar.ced,  p.ivs  to  ir  a  J'jt.  ot 
money  (iiuportionabie  'o  t.ie  li-j'ie  iie  i ,  ;  ;•  c  1  .i:-  ,1 
coIoikI  [)ayin:i  101  crown-,  .u,.\  ,, 


I 


,il   t: 


'\i\-  01  SweJ,  n   coi  i 
nil',   trian  tile  Hi!t  to  tiie  ;i'<L,i  rat  •, 
to4:)u;ims;  of  Iriiiates,  c.iiryin'.;  fn 
nl  bri.'annnes,  carr\iii:-  (roni  H  to  6 


U0:iili-keri.hes,  an 
1  he  ii  allien  ot"  Swed 


111  pioporu  i;i. 


:.;  tro,ii  1 
to  20  i^n:: 
v.\u\  ;e.v 


ill  tlie  C'lm^il  i. 


dil 


dilcniiinc,  ami 


thai:  r;  i.-.i'i  to  will 


id    1 


nirt-ection  of  jji, 
■nil  en  ii)\  s  HI  |, 


tionoir.'.hic    iinvi; 


n 


whole  jviwcr  IS  alio  vi 
of  tiie  tleet,  and  a-pui 
I'ea  a; 
all   t 


e  ailni,;.i| 


he   11  IS  ilic  Cut 


IMIl. 


ih 


acei  s  V  1:0   I 


cm  t.i 
lat    ulaici   to   tl 


..\.-'  ii  ,lt^ 


llci'.cd 


ie   h  IS    ,;il  )   inanv   i> 


le  clianc.iloi  :   he  is  ihe  ciiki   ol 


a''i!.s,  and  ijivcs  tiie  iKciiriry  onkr  lor  th  ■ 
tlv  pubiic.  I  e  is  t!ie  kLcper  of  the  teals  of'  i.' 
d  i.ci  cIks  all  r,  ee  al.'iir.,  an  I  lu-  die  km- 
and  i!e'V:ind>  IilJA'c  the  ll  ites  >Mr.e:.\l.  .-,/ i  | 
h[:i'.\  trcal'urer:  I;.-  has  tiie  adii;inil'!.::;:iii  .a"  th- 
tui'',  and  o!  all  ti.c  kill  >'s  lev.u' 
counts  ct'  ,;11    l!ie    i'e'c.al    recei\ 


•  CMv.  ;i. 


ir.il  .11.  ;ir,  tl 


-II.    ;iii 


lor 


IViltCtlt.;    , 
dices   wl     tl 


Inn 


11.      i 


pays 


o  I'.-fl 


t-,   V. luie  the  riv.ioits  o;i  th'j 


.re  ad.  I! 


a,,d  wlieic  ,1,1 


iiier  rel.iit. 


1  he  1 


av.s  (ll  Swc.l -11 


■  )n  an!'  1 1  th 


;;rc;',n;lv  a^  vaiious 


province.-,  v.vie  liuineriai-,  c'.v  !i  <■ 


111  cull 


1; 


oir.s  peculiar  to  iclei',  eiicicd   as  occ.ii: m  n- 


"aiiied,  by  tiie  laghiii 
\y\:  )  wa..  elioren  by 


.m,  or  :.V)\eiiii.r  oi   t' 


-M  le,  .i-,l  i:iv 


•'  ,1 


.lur.'ioi  i:a ,  e 
his    ruli"r^:.e 


pecKi'iy   V.  Ii,-ii   I 
conchid:"  f    tiie 


l.l-ll    V 


i, 


I 


s  vai  ll  tv  uas  i.eecll 


in.y 


c  i  (  in   I- 


lioa  ;  for  icir.cdy  wlieii'il',  ii- ar  .'..  ;  ,..:::,  ■,  ;  o-.. 
la  laws  was  ciinp-ikd  1.  r  the  diitv.iiu  oi  t,  ■  v,,i  le 
kingdom  :  yet  this  collection  is  Imr  an  io-p;"  la '.  |  ii-c,-; 
and  the  l.iv.s  ire  Ii)  >c:\ ,  ;in,l  coiic-.-i\i  1  l,i  t  c'l  ■;•.,■,;! 
t  nils,  li-.at  in  iiiol!  cd'.:-^  ti'.ev  iiecv!  ti.e  alii  .ance  n:  ii- 
cimI  kiw  ;  and,,  ,i'i>  r  .ill,  t::e  i,:i.il  iletcni.iiati  1  ■',•- 
i-a;J:.  nukli  ii|'-ipi  da  '.  1  ni-i  i  ,1  1  I'  t  e  ber.;ii,  \,:,;.;i, 
ni  .1  pcor  conn;:,-,  v.c.c  liiiarks  ar.'  la  a'l,  i-.  c'r>  \ 
iilk.l  with  till  !i  icicn  .Is  .irr  id  \  c  il.  ;  ;rts  atij  'e'*  , 
to  .  ornipti.i.i  iip.m  v,;y  l!i  at  r  n;:>;.idon-,.  I'le  i,- 
tii'ls  III  tiii:.  v., .ul  I  lie  iiioi'c  \i:i!\!,  1!  (,i(_li  iiCK:,  .■ 
court  did  not  klip  a  clack  u,  on  tiie  k-.v.ci,  aa  :  ;■  • 
kiivi's  couit  .ll'  Kvcirj,  a  o\ei  .w,  r  inciii  .ill,  to  -,.  .,  a 
.lil  cud  c.itnes,  aai,,viin!r,|i  to  tin  liiai  oi  7.  1.  ,:ie,;:-. 
piai.d'c;  ..nd  \  IV  I'civ  ini  la  tore  lii.y  ha.i-  i  1 
tao'ij'at  tli.ther.  In  th-.  'iipicip-  court  tir  kf  ■  ,  .- 
1]  a  nllv  liis  i;i  pi  Ion,  .mil  det.-;  c.ire  c,-'il-s  1,  n  1  ' 
1  I-  e  the  p,.t;d.ii;  ol'  the  ,  iiaiaiiv,  an  1  c..  ,  1  ■  ilnf,- 
p,  1.  y-ia. ,1a. villus,  all,)  lit,  ,1.,  d:oi...  ihe  (ii,ni'lo:  ii 
ilie  court,  [An  I  lliei  r  11  ».';  in  i:c  ;ie  ta  i  p; : .  v  c  .11:1- 
Iclio:,)  wiio  Is  |.:<  lldeiir  111'  III  ■  11  ..l.-r-reve;:..).,,  ui,r; 
he,  .iiivl  two  I,  cutirii  s,  p;i 
per  in.mner  to  be  hrou,'!,: 


l.  c  '.'■luner,   in  a 


coi. 


01' 


ot    )iittic-, 
die  lowcii  d 


I     la   ,   ,i;i'   (. 
:   ;;' '[  in"'   n  1 , 


,dl 


1  s,  ^,:c. 


en,  .1-.  Veil  as  t'lol.-  o' 


']'>< 


':    ■■::>■  in  e.'.cli   i.iipor.raa  ,   ;^i;e;i  a- 

tliere  are  tline,)   as   .do   1.1  c  a  h  d 

whereof"  every  pioviiiee  ii;n:.iii;s  i 


llr.t  or  ll 
^e!d,   I'lait 


tv\e;iry. 


In  li 


'■  l.e  ,11  r,  na.n 


ir   Connlelior   |lK:'^ll-,     ,llld    li.ls    lone   ol    iiu   ll•l^'e 


eiall 


are  ot  two  dalles.   ViZ.  one  on: 


r,   vrt'ca   1, 


tii.'.Uv  leade  cither  to 


man   f'lc   tl  it,    or 


V.  0:k      1!!     till- 


iCK-vanis ;  .m.l  uintiivr  o; 


h  ;s  il 


ly  re.idy,  us  the  indindu.ds  .jtc  only  leji.lUia 
upon  oecalion,  ,is  re;  nuts. 


In  .'5v,e  '.en  there  aie  fve  great  odicers  of  die  cimmi 

ko  pril'ide  e.icii  in  a  triiininl  rouiporcd  ot"  tome  ten 

a-ai  when   any   of  liieir   platen  lieciiv  vacaii' 


uti: 


;-•  "jves  It  jrnerally  t.)  t 


II-  iiiolb  ai.ei.  n:   I'eiiui  r 


01    '.he  tial)  1; 


i'..;y   o  liuw  It   1,    ..iioii 


will  re  the  v, it  inc.   h  ippeii-. :    1:1, 


II    iv  pi   all 


T 


■  ol. 


ila  eis  ,irf,   i.    iiii-dolii,  or  i  hid"  j  itlii  e,   \v:;o  1.  ili 
liril  olli' er  in  tl,  •  n.te.n,  an  lu.i.  tkim.,-,lv  .1  kl  ,  1  ol 


vicero', 


th.: 


he  ll  is  ihi    honour  01 


1 


he.i.l     ,t    t. 


il  till;'  the   e  i,'.v:i  (i; 


the  I 


iiireine  cam  "  ol    p 
fioiii  al!  ou;e,-  cuii 


a(/i,at,on  ;    .cat 
e,   to  'ill.  h  I'll  r 


IS  a  1   .1:1  ■ 


.liiiikni's  :   in  \:r   I  "ter  t'a-  ;.-ini-:;'r  it   t':e  t 


■tell 


ill's,     V. 


a  I'taiaiin.^  jua-   iiiidi  1    iiiiii  ,     In  .   ,  o 


111  in;^  amb.'k.to;  V,  .ind  ii!ii,iilv  k' p'   iie'r  i-r  u, 


place  wli.ie  the  la  t  or 
tl.i  le  courts  exa.riin  ition 
cxeeediii'i    tone    lliiiiri" 


.11,,    w.i. 


,i;e   t. 


'1,   ,1110    II'. .t, 


iiilmiited   to   the   next  ik'i 


i.'tiiir  Court,    ll 


cveiy  rorpor.itioii,  theie  1.  m.r,  when'  tli 

is  pielident,    .iii.i    tiie    akleini.in    .ii'ir.i'ir 

Jewry   province  tle'.c    i.   0:1,'  or  naire  ,.l 


iiclideiir   will  u  .'I     HI 


ills   ine    n. 


uiiiiou!  .1"'.'  iith'.i  .eeaoiiry  m.^n  the  "l  .i  re 


11    1;    ll,'  t-.ml 


t  1  I 


l|i-'ai\e   nil. oil  ll   loirts,    v,  ,r|i,-    ilny 


l.u:l,ir  aprcil 


.111.1  IM  ,i.r 


a:l 


tii)n%  not  ixceeit'iiLi,  :   1.  ire.  b' 
,  n  itional   eoiiits  tlieie   .ne   tliu  e  :    1 
:  'it'  ijwidui,  hel.l  at  Sio,  k!r.;!  a  ,  a;- 


I ), 


;-.i..r   Mr  ti.e 


ml 


h's  tl;  ■   ■,;il";--cjrin;i  of  ilu 
lo  w;i'  ■,    ;':h'i  ell  ii)\  -.    111  i; ,' 

:.c.w..  ,;.  1  iic  .uliui.il, 
• ',;. :  hi'  li  IS  ilic  (■(iT:i!,,n.| 
1  !!.!■  I'  .u'c;  >  V  Id  i  i  v.-  [■■» 
r.i  ..;1'"ns  ;  ;'.i'.J  ui  .i,\',  •.  i 
ii.lty,  H  ii.l.i'ii'iioi.d  I  . 
i.\iiv  DtiuT  p:  1'.  :i^:j;--,,  .■. 
:,i;  r  111'  tlu'  ]>  )lu\'  i  rnu'  ,  , 
iry  .11 .!.  r  l.ir  ili  •  \:<v\i  . 
;r  (>(  tlif  k'al-.  o'  li;r  c;..v.  ;i, 
,ir  '■  \'\  ■  'Ik'  kin  >'■.  1  ' .'.  '  s 
iti"-  !',<  r.c;,\l.  .-,  i  li  •  i  ■  '< 
U'.tiriiiit'!.-:;  '!i  'it'  ill'  !■  . 
i-Vvii  \'  i  haI  .11.  ii:.  til"  .;■■- 
ri'i"C!M'i-<  i  l\. n^  all  u:.!  is 
Im:Ii'ii.-  Uv\  ,  .\\\  ji.iVs  i.l 
i  !(•  ..i:.i  j'.i.  li  !(•-  II.  t'l  ■ 
;•  ilu'  i  p;i,nK  1)1  t!;;.'  [■■  ii:i 
.:n,M:.  iKKm^ing  t  i  tl;.'  i\- 

'.'  i'.rci'.T.'lv  lis  vaiioii'.  .\i  t'l* 
cull  (•:'  V.!.  i-'l  i:,.,l  li,,'i;:i  ■> 
•)',  iiu.icJ  as  (iic.i!:  >ii  ic- 
■  I'.ovi'inr.r  ol  th"  j't'ivjiir  •, 
I  U-,  ..I..1  i:iv,  lUJ  ..  iiii  ;■;■  - 
['u'  ki:-  I'liu  V.:.  ti  tr;', 
,1;:    ;  '  ivi 


I 


\U.\     \N..l' 


1  111   1- 


II'  .;;■  ;.-  .■  ',  ..n;  ..     ',    ;  .i  ■  v 

\Vx  (ill-.  .  ,.  ■!!  Hi  ;  ■  Xv.l  li" 
III  !■>  hilt  ail  iii'jV'  t\'-  I  il-i.''; 
I  i  i-.ii>Criv',   1  ,,l    )    -  1  '.'•.    ,:.ii 

ii'v  i!''L\i  Vi.-:  atii  ...'K  I'  '.'  li  • 
ti'.i-  I, ii.il  v!(.-t..'rii'ii.aii  '';•• 
..  L.l  a  1  r  I  1.  I'liu  !i,  \.i.i,;^, 
r.il.iiivs  nr.'  1  1  a'l,  i.--  <■':.  \ 
(;f  V. t.il.  ;  ;rts  -iii.i  'v'*\  . 
I    'It   '  n'.">'..ii;o:i-..       I  M'  i  - 

)i',-    \!!"l\!,    l!    Cicll    ill'K  ■.    .- 

;^   u,  iiii   liu'   l:/.'.cr,  ar,  !  i!i:' 

1    .i\M^    tl.v  111    .I'.l,    II'  '. 1 

t 


(11 


)  llii  III  1'  ni  7  1.  .ii;-  .r,'- 
i  bil'.  Ill-  tii.y  lll.r  i  .1 
ri'ip  '  I'Di'rt  til  kr  '  ,  ■  . 
ik't.'.  .-.'.vx  c.-nl-i,  h  :•  i^ 
iiH(  TV,  ail  1   ;•..  >  I  ■   !'.u\- 

.II    I'.oi.  ■.    ll'','    1  it  'H'  1  01    '  ' 

11  >.i'   ;.'  0  I.)  ;  |ii!.;.   i    •,::•.■ 

11  111.  r-iiVi-i  ll.)..,  UI,,  I  ; 

1 ;]..  1.'  c  '''n'm-.'r.  'ill  a  ;•   •■■ 

■  I'c  .ll.'  i.i:';;. 

n.j-  ;  )  I.i  ,  all'  <■,  i  .  '•• 
,  r,  1.:  i:"l  ill'  '1  I,  I  '  ■ 
ii.ii  'f  .  .V.  I  .,il    1.11.    ■■■ 

i-  ll  h  li  ill  •  t  I't    ll  .       1. 

K  liiis  1  ■..'1  ;i,   I nr.'v    ..     •  ■ 

!■>■  i.i  1 11.'.   ,  .111  .li  ll  I..1  l.l 

li.ls    1^11  c   ..f  ill,   li'.i  •■.'i"  '1 

■  :-ini  ■ :;  'i  I'l  V'-c  t  mi  .  • 
I  V    iir.Ji  I    liim  ,     111  ■   '  i" 

1,-    k  y    lirT  I'V   ilj  'I!   1   ■■ 

I  .11,  \,'.i  .  (1  1.1  I  ■  :.  li 
1'  i.L..  '1,  .lii.l   ir.t.  .1  ■  I' 

V'-.  iiiiivi'.     v        ■  ■   ■   ■ 

).n  '!    ri.uit,    I  .    v.lij',     I 

.1.' ,  wIk.-u'  til','  !  '.  I.:  ll  '  i'  ; 

nil. Ill    .u'ui.ri"- :     .nn'  '■•■'■ 

;,'  HI    1111)11.'   1  I    ;    f  ll'  > '  ''  ■  • 

il',      till'      11.!    ■■■.'■     '•!        I,'      'I    ' 

I'l.'ii  ll;  i;  '  '  .1  I'l'ii'i .  i        ■ 

II  ii-  i  .iiii  1  i;;".i  t  1 ; 

V,   .rn-    llnv    ■■''■    I'l'  '  ■"         ' 

1.1  If, I  li.T  ,,i:.'  .1  I  ill!  •    • 

1   l;    ll'    I./:-  .'ill'.      "'    ''      - 
nil-  :    1'   '    im  l'  f  k'P.         ; 

;!  11 ,  aii,..ii.r  Mr  tiii.'  '^'     ' 
i.t  III 


ll 


l'U.;(M'!'.T 


S     \V     F.     i) 


CS\ 


I  (ini  I'i  I  io'li  !,  or  Ooii,i.,i  r,  i-cptnt  cnkinpirirr 


>t.- 


Cm: 
m  t!'i 


l.i.t 


Kl.ir. 


doni   l.l    l-'i:il  ir.c!,   at  Alio.      In   c.icl 


'i-  III.'  . 

,1    I  ti'.v   ciniiiJi  I  I  :'  is  'M'l-liil'.'in,  ami  above  kali 


lu-.'i'ii 


or,  lit   ir.ii 


(1,   ll 


.'IIS;   ..11  !    •'.  K   l"-"it.;   |)i.'(:i-ri''.i  witli  too 


Aaioni.   It' 
(■.•ii'i'-,  a  I'l'U 


avi-  t  ). 


li  A'l 


r,>v,  111    I.I  •  I 


Oil 


I  I    .11,  I'll.'.i.)    ii.ls   11. 't  I'll. 
Il.illll   r.uili!l    (  I'tk:  !'.'    I.' 


lllD.lll'il,    U.'ll'jls 


t!  iL'il  III  til.'  ortlii'iuv 
.,  I  iiiiili'.l  ii!-')ii  iholi.- 
•   "I  (io'lil  ii.il,  will.:!) 

t  •  '  l;,iiiii.'  r  a,  as  tlic 
,  ;■  j  kii'.s.      i  iic  ronrt 

i  ll  ii'  I'iioii  ill  til-.'  a-.l- 
■li;,  ill  Ticli  la  tEiTi.  ab 
r,   II. Ill  ill   l".jiiK'  i,lac>., 


'ivi'L  :ia;.  i',  id  i. 


ttii 


ll  i.i'i:.'.   til 


m  cici 


iiiii  tn-.'   !■- 


!v,   1-. 


hill 


ruir,  til  III    t  .I'l 


an 


a|)|iL'al  to  I'll'  nl'fUivi.'  na  loii.il 
(Mil's  III  t'u'  kill  ',  .is  ill  ,ill  'iiiit-r 
I'Dl'  li  ■"  •:  .  rili'in,  t  i  ili.'  ii 
C'lrts  I'lil  I'll  i  .  i','  rk  li  M  '.,(• 
or.iii;;-, ,  .1  "  ii'.'i.il  i;  ;i. ',  i  .  '■- 
iliiiu. ,  l.l-  ,i;    iio,  isiii/'ii,.  ol  '...ll 


aiKl,   III  lo.iii.' 


'ir.tivr  pan 


.s  ol  t; 


'.x:m>  \'  Is    111    t  111 


II-'   con.':;',.'  (;i   ll 
oil  foi.iiii.ink.'  i^i 


\i  itii    a  vici'-i 


li.lJiit.  ., 
arc  :v-)i, 
tlic  lllol'i 

rii.- 

loii';ui    i 


ill,    rtl  c.'t 


111  o  lirr  matii'.s : 


ikiif,  or  nl  crc  tkc  \\ 


(  s  aiL'  Vf'i"-  i.v,  ,")'.'rai)ii 


ih- 


iiiiaiit  IS  I'.iliiiitrcj  tu  I  iirit'  liii: 


latli  J  to  V, lin-.i 


arc  aililcU 


oailu  (ll  ll 


'i'-' ail  vmii'ivri;  d  Im  iii.'UKrncL'. 
Ijui'iiii;;   (if  koiifci-.,  v. i:,"l,.'..'l'r,   an. 


Ol'   twuvc  ritiiir   iiicii,   WHO 


icalop,  iiiuitiL-r, 
iic   liki-    kc'iiious 


cnnu"-,  aic  |) 


.1  vi  I- 


hil':;.;ir!;!;   o!   ir  ■  :i   ain.:   u 
Inirniiij;    alivui    or    i'..'::.', 

Cll.lillt,     is   lijllll  i,ll'l.'i     .ll',.' 

till.'  Clinic.     CiViirnil .  ol 


:ii  i  '■  I'Cii  is  LN.cii 
in;;  i  ('  v. i.iiiicn  ;   t  j 


O,    .lU'Hl' 


ilKl    ll.llV.lnir    in 


ic  niuirc  ot 


to  tl 


lliot  to 


lIClK/l. 


he  I  iiniflinicnt  l-Ji' iic'liii  .;   i,  ks'^'.il  yc.irs  liiicc,  iii- 


lu'i.il  <  .'  ikatli 

Vl  1  V 


ito  a 


L'tUll  i\.\- 


I 


bi 


ct;ni..'.'ir.r.cct   to  wo 


ins   lilc  tor  iki"  kiii':,  in  iii..kin  '  loiti'.iMiioiv.  or  oih'n' 


crv  ;    I'll  1   n,;s   ..iw 
Willi  .1   i  c.'.y  com 


iin  iron  coilar    aoo'it    lii.s 


,  1,  to  V,  hich  is 


t.iiu  i;i.il  a  !)i  ii,  tii.'i:  lii'.'-',  .lo  Ik-  v'-i-s  aloiv 


l.l  tnc  o 


il'll 


cii'-li'iiv  a  iiiiiiiilcici.1. 


all    I  I, 


III      lliv.' 


I',i 


list  "  klii'kii,  .iiul  oilur  I'l,; 


(k'livi'il 


t-i     illlil  I  T     11 


k'iit',r,i";s  1, 


,-.u  i  iii,i.ii  c  to 


tiK'  Aiivr.i.t' 
"III  ir.oiy  ol-'  I'l 

COI.',!i'!l!i,C.l  III 

u.'is :   to 

•  V  1    I-  M.ar\  , 

Kv;  -liiion  oi 


ti.i.J.i.  1  ill  (.1 
.1  111  a  ll  .iMMi  r 
ll',::  •  til  . !'.  r   :'. 

1  r  a  i,,uki.ii  r  1 


ijj  kill. 'J)  I'.i'j  [iiniifir.'i.l  V. il'i 


1.H..U11,  iiiil  a 


til   ini.i'iiv  tii-oii  ti 


liii'.iiir    p.- ..il'i'i!,  iiic/  P.if   hi'in 


ir,   v. i.n   ore. I 


...1   IS  ;ui  .IV 


.;;il1  v.atcr,  loi-  tv.i) 
a  iliot.lan,!  c"  ..vr,s  ; 


u  tv.u  tirJUi.iml  crowns. 


;iir,   ill  c.iIl.'  ot  .'.1 


I'uiir,  1.,  rclcrr 


fcrrc^l  to 
■.ii.il  ti.'iiit,  wlivTi-'   rcciiita.ioii,  and 
•' .1  "%  i    ii'ii.iil'.  i'''lxl  ll. 
(•  /'i  J  .' ,  i  I'c  ir.i,  d.  Ic.ii.l  tl  tlic 


111     CllC     Hi       ill'. 


t'lC   liU     I'.'l  lUK. 

.1'    Cllli.l.i  U':,    ill 


a:i  1    in   ;ir. 


1   I'.o  (1    01   I.  1  !i,i   :   o  l:    iiu' 


iii.i-   il.i.i,  lilt,  .mil    11. 


11     .V   t.)  llv  I.IV  '-'X'..' 


JM-i'i 

t,'.vo'iir  i.ii'.i  1)1.1  1 1,  til  y  I.i 

tiition,  or  ',.)    iilntiMt'-'  ,111  i   y  ''  ik  ,r  ir.,ii   I  >j'c  upon 

I'lrntcnri  s ;   lli  ihir   tin  .  ])  11  l   i. 


tlic  v.o 

Kl  lu.'ll'C, 


(.ut  'nc.i 


ll 


It   I. 


.0111  r 


.l.'.V     (1,1 


moi..'  ir.i\!i.'r,ri.' 


111.  11     .1     I  !'C     CHI 

:;.i  ;'.  i;;,'i.  .s  m 


111. 


I'f  liill'vll- 

a  ihi-r., 
h  ncli"  r 

I'll  i)    I 
Cn.cr  ■' 


iiii'r  to  111  ■ 


111  1. 


M  .'   I-.    ...Liiinuicicd 
.1    II  iimCh'c  not  oiilv 


lie  O.'.t.IlK 


liiiis  uri'  r.'i  V,  ii'.Ti 
ili^'  urta-ci'l   liiii'.ki 


1  u:'i):i  li'aic  I  p."',!  'r 
t  )    ll'Vcn    (li.il;:;.-. 
oi    til.'  c  'Uk'  J     iki; 
1';,  an.l    i,  coiiiput 
.J.     P'OUiuU  a  vi  ii . 


H)n!.t.iii.c  J  01. 'V  lilt.','  I.v..:-,  Ol 
,ii'qiiii';il  p'lii  i  I..1;.,  t.)  liijii  c ' 
ikilpolcd  to  t  ;'i'.;i.ir.     V.  licie   i 


■d  v.itl 


I  i.i'.i:. ,  i! 


'.  .1.1  a  t'.'ii.n  ot  tlu'ir 
or  (,;a  r  a.  iliov  a.c 


!Li...i.i  ii.fiini-. 
L''.  o  or  tlH\i; 


ir.oniiLs  time,  1 
drill  ii   ul  tlic  d, 


til'-  m.i  ri 


t'l 


k  1 


1    -.o  tl.-: 


1 1,'  c  .11- 


U,    1; 


IK"    lUliKl, 


inllitiitcd  b.    !•' 


d,  iiili 


;;;.     I:  1 


OUll 


ilcciiiicl,  aiiil  ..iv   ll  )i  r. 


ii.iim,  O!' 01 


lit  the  r,  t' 


1.    ill  1 

ir'liti:; 


S  I    C    T  I  O 


I.,'  [. 


oi  il.c  .Scra- 
111  I.;  1.4,  tie 


tin: 


V. 


lew. 


iv.i'\'    111  in  oc!n:r  pemiii 


till.,  aid.  111  .''1111111.11  aciioils,  C'  i',eiii..l,  to  ]ile.id  hij 
own  taiile.  .Vci  uidill.'ly  the  r...i.  iu.  01  liie  1  iw  i-  Iv.'- 
li'W  a  I'l  nlleivi '.11,  I'm!  niher  ilu' iilource  than  the  ihoicc 
ol"  ir.i-aiuT  I  triori-i,  who  .ii\'  eiry  li-'W  in  luiniber,  and 
tor  the  ir.i'ii  jait  v.  ry  \'' 


Til 


e  I  llllo  ll  1. 


I   I  11,       ll.lL      t.'.l   11 

ii'Diir  t!"''i',     1 
lint  IU  rr.'k  ,it   1 


iiy  ot  I :  men  i.s  lo  ,ii!!ici)t  in  Swc- 
1  ]ii;ti.iid  it  li.il  .  oii'in.il  a- 
s  ll,  'lie  del  i'.l  .1  ,0  oih'r  naiioivs : 
ll'i  I'.d  cvi'ty  vili.Ti',  '  xcept  oiilv  in 


i.M  I    11. inf.  in  iki' c.iiinr: '.' i  an.t  ilicre  tn.'  iniv- 


l.ilii. 


III. 


iiu'i    tin^ 


I.,  ll. 


d  ..I' 


1)1    t  ii'l'l; 


ke  ok, 


l.k,  t; 


.r-iiii"  nil  t.i 

ir'..  tl   11  ill  liie  I  i.)"cr  ro' 


;  sue. 11  tlu't..'  r.iur  iv 
lii.e  a    c.iuli',  V,  kic.i, 

Irir   !  '.'  .1  III.  joiiiv  ()("  vul^c.. 

'.i.k:'.  .!   11   >te    I'.'i me,  iiii.l    1  !". 

.'  n    il'iv'.i.   til  11  .'.le   k.'jv:    (;t  .;ii 

V,  i.il   .IS  of  otki'i  I'lvr.i  niiii.'iiti. 


:  ml  Hi  n  '.'.1  I 
the  ii.i.iiidi.1' 


i|. 


aia'.teri 


V.  Ii^'ie  t.ie 


not  I',  TV  c'.'i- 


r 


II I  .s  TO  r.  V 

n  E    lira   n-.;r';ki 
eatcd  cvi  i",     r.  iii 


D 


1...1.'.'  .I'.i.i.oii'i - 


w.LS  tlie  introdikli 


r.  ijic.i.ii  ■:  t!u'  iii:...iy  ol 
n  oi   th'.'  i..  Ir  iiii.i  1  ixl  .^ioii, 


lariiis, 


biili 


lOl)     ( 


t'  I! 


that    iiiipoit.int    jnii 
i'ioiir,,  in  the  v^ar  1!; 
1- 

hill 

ihcir  n.i    iili.iiir .  ol    i )  :i 
latter  (ik  v.iio  11  ;'..  V  V  .... 
their  o'l'.n  d.niv  ll.,-  i);.,ils 


.15  ill'--- 


roil    lliat    pen. Hi,    to 
01 V    is   reiik'tj   '.'i  h   li- 


vens,   II 


i"i..,  or  V, 


l.v   t 
tkro 


Tl 


11,   v.  .10  1;  ;  ear 


iKvlcil  In'  ina;;i;r.  <  ei   i.Hin  ■   piiii  ' 


111.,     WliO     .ilCl'll     ul  tllv 


111  I  . 


Ma 


i'liilied   llllh   llU'.iii'i'i  s  .is  coi'..a;i'cd   to  t:i  '   In; 


roy.il  I'i^^r.ity 
Ll  •  ot"  li's  ['CO 
if  tl 


II 


I'oa.ition 


tl.'  r. 


l,iis  i:l.|i'il  ohjeCl.i  v.cie  ihe 


)n  ot   tie.    le'.'c: 


rl   t  ,1'  I  low  ,',  .1; 


1,1;  mi.  m  Oi  :. 
1.  •  riroiiCik'il 


a!,.l  air:' 


I  I  t'li'  no  ' 


.IS    1  I  ■!,■ 


Ill  eiiieral,  to 


lii,    1, 


ill  r  ,111  1  11  ,1,  I  1  Ml   I'l-  V  iilc 
til  1:1  a  I'l  nUii ','     tijll'jv,  in   . 


j  ii';,l.',;ii.'.io'.'v,  , 
.1   in  tk.e  fa';-  f 


iM, 


iis;.iii.t> 


I  Ml 


ii 


11 

I 


i  i 


I  !M! 


,|;:: 


kh 


f '  ^ '  n 


ill  r 


1'^ 


.  r,  cw.^  .r,-r  m    \\ 


M.tr.-M 


a:Ul    UMUVV    ol     I 


liioa:' 


iiiiuvr  I, 'I  '.  ,wt 


tiv   r,i;.,ii     .\l:r, 


.rilliN 


.U'  •!  1" 


;t!-.m  w  t'xi\ !  :s.m.  Ci  or.uAr.nv. 


i< 


)ti) 


■C:-'.V: 


'1  I    C.llTi 


tlK 


i>  cxccr.rDn, 


111  •    t  ■.  •    [  ,U' 


■j\.     ir    w.!.i 


a  iiif 


jll  :n    (if 


C.il. 


.v.A   w-s   t:.iv 


iai)k'  kTicb  o( 


tlllr 


.A  I.  •  .'••c  was  au' 


i,v    (-\.i:;iaii 
el    ''ix  union 


II. 

Ivfo 


;iiiir    of 


nonLi.! 


\V  IS  ,iiU)  kh 


;ii,   !'.)  iriuicr  hiiiiti'lf "ab- 
wovi .  li  lit/  1,   wiiicl'i    was 


•i-    pi  incipai  IK) 
■.c  yi- u-    15:0. 


biiicv 


\:\U 


yc'ip'.^    p.'ii' 


km';.-  <>t  >>••.•  I- L'.cr 


to  bi.'  'iMiii^l  to 


11a  i'liT  liis  iiibii;-.  1 
tvrai'ir.ril    .ron '.i. 


0 


t'  1 1 


V.  II'  comrr»'  t--  ii 


ai^'    1:1. 


C.  .:l;aii,  was  (i'lil.'vits 
i'. :  .  I  tio;n  tiic  aiiv'  i-i.r 
.  ,'i  lO  low,  ac  tliLs  ci  lit  as 
t  '  ■;)„•:  mines  ot  Daiic  r- 
...>  .if  .1  liiirJ.-lt'  tio.r  ch.it 
k-  r.n.r  tiie  itiilfralili.-  .'.uo 
;■.•.,  .iiid  t:iL'  nciuhbiniriiii.' 


ViK 


cir  prcsrrc 


b,   hi: 


narv  itr  vts 


,(    .1. 


\v.!s  thc(  kcd  I'V  I 
-b:  ;:''!.i    U-;u,iv;r, 


,(•  rxtnor 


his  loll,  til  )1!l;1!   r'.fn  a  miiKir,  w.-.o  alti-iuaJ^  ii):.i;|-. 


(!. :'i.atfd  tl 
Swc  \'ii      Cii,', 


I):i-,- 


vl  i<-ilort\l  i!ic  li..!f|'c;.il'_-;ir..' 
the    ni-x:  \\\\r  (:6ii)  w.".  1: 


c  filed  by  !iis  l-'ii  (i  iilaviis  A.lolpluis,  tlicii  lij  vear 


n,  bv   t'.e  conU-iu  ol  tin-  nates-,  he  tjuk  i  pun 


,K- 


ii  ill  ihi  .•■.!miiiil)ra;ion  < 


•ftl 


(if.l'l.'.vir.,   I( 


e  piivernir.er.t. 
■i1 


r  Ins  aeeeihon   to  the  tnro; 


,e  n| 


•Sweilrn,    loin  li    liiiulelt'   invujveil   in  a   w.ir  wiia    il,, 


Da 


nes  am.;  Kuiiian^ 


It  liiti; 


eii;!;es  vvi 


th  Ik 


li'it  he  lur.noiiire 
nd   rrl'oi'itior 


A 


.ueliievcvl    allonilliin.-i;    feats  of"  valciii-.     1 ! 
li  A   r.il   vicTories  over  the   RiifTians.      lie   i 


its  atteii.; 


L,i 


(ri,  t.ie  II  to  1  nn    ■.*  HI 


in  ni  an 


i).;r.i!'.    voke 


I  ..e; .n;.  o  k\ 


to  ^vhlcn  en; 


ave 


it"  the 


ten  ■.■one-,  a.1,.1 


,rt-  n.  I. 


!i   iirv'>-e  '.',u'    S>-  i\ 


oi'.t  ot  thole  li.btenaneoiK 
tiie  U'v;ial  polls  tlie  Dants 
Li.eiy  out  ot    the   kini^d.iiii  ;  | 


,  s  eiecica 


in  their  kin 


oiilh    doiiiunons    u\    L.ivonia,  cook 


\lij 


i,    .'-r.-i  :i-,au, 


felt" 


mailer   ol"  the  whole  provinc 


n    iu,o    liC  adv. meed  into  in  ..cram.'.,    drove  tie 


Gtrmai.s  out   of"    Meeklen! 


Hir 


Mud    r 


faivoii-.  Asliiian  j^'iv.ral,  and  pudued  hi;  n.'at  tli;ou /'i 


■  r..:'.c.K-,i.i,  wraTe  hf  ma 


„k 


lib 


In   the  I 


1- i'lriiiiiu:  t) 


t   the   \e.n- 


ii.,i 


ill\,   w.'u),   III  .-.a 


'-'wabia,  in  pinliiit  of  eount    1' 

(lom  his    anr.v,  v.as    mortallv  wounilcd  be  a  cmnun 


ball,  and  Toon 


a;\r  exrire 


He  then  took   M 


imieh,  the  capital  ol   lj.;va;  m,  am 


laid  ill. It  iku'liy   iDider  contnbu;:i>n. 
tile  Imnerialifl^,  liavii'ir  driv 


In  th 


e  lue.in  tnr.c 


ini.i,    and  enrerei 


in  r  to  come  to  in-,  a 


to 


re,  and   loinee 


1.. 


en  tl'.e  ?axo!is  c^^-.z  ot  l5o|ie- 
d     S.ixonv,     the  elector  enrreared  tin: 
llulanee.     lie  lett  Bavaria,  there 
1  tiv  Saxon?.     Soon  alter  wliicii  a  ge- 

n,  iie.'-r 
e'.  made  thcii'lelves  mailers  l: 


'.eial   butlc  was  fought  in  the  plains  of  Liitzf 


in  1   the  Swed 


the   I;rperialills ;  but   tlieir   horle  be 


the  eannon  ol 

lli'pjied  bv  a  linali  river,  G'.illavus,  to  encourage  iiis 
irv'ii  to  attempt  tiie  pal]'i;i!:;  it,  advaiieina  at  tlu*  he.;J 
of  the  cavalry,  was  foon  after  f)iiad  dead  on  the  otlur 
fide  of  the  river,  having  been  lliot  throii|^h  tiie  baeis, 
whioii  was  penerallv  thought  to  have  been  don:-  by  f.iAW 


V 

fe.r 

As  t'  e  [-tinilh  ik-K'V  :i.-..l  .:pp'.-arul  liis  <^  eatell  enemies 
he  introduced    the   L'.the..i  1  dodrines,  and  fei/ed  the 
reve:  u>-s  o!  the   ciiunii,  ,1.0  !  ol  which  he  appiopri.ited 
to  tlie  fer\  ice  of  li.e    .' .:    ,   .ii'.d   ^'vas  enableil  tiieiebv  to 
e.'.le  til.    pe";li  wi    li...;    t.  ■<  -,  v.l.ici    ren,!.  i-ed  li;ni 
p.tjail.u-.      lie  V  ...... 

but  ills  rc:;-'i  ■■...-.  i.e.j;...'.iy  ili:luri)ed  oy  eoi.ip;.  .u  ies  j  tii  ir  jtcU  leader,  tiie  Swedifh  gener.ds  beliaved  !o 
and  inll:;:-'-!.i-.;i-,  i.ki.^.I  by  tlie  ele  ;;y  :  ar.d  whcti  ij  wtll,  that  tiiey  obtained  a  eom[)letc  vicloiv;  anti  tlie 
tl-.-:e  were  ej.i...!,  t:;---  i)-'e,  invaded  tl'.e  kiry-- l,.i-i,  |  war  tontinued  ir.ativ  years  .ifterwards,  in  winch  ilie 
e:.'l-.  .'.■.■o'..!;i  ;  10  . .  i,  '.  .-  ti.e  li.ni'.inion  ol  S.-,ed-jn.  Swedes  were  |;e:  e.-.iily  vidorious,  not.viihltandin!'  the 
(jti.l.vi.  ,  h-j'.ev.  -,  |:  •■■d  I'ccel  I'ul,  b  ith  aLj.iMill  P  Sason?,  -..•ul  lo'-.ie  otiier  (ieri-iian  prinres  clianj^ed  lidei-, 
f)i-t!'n  .'-  i  d  .-li.it.c  e,:e'!i:esi  a:,d  m.-.rryi.;  ;  ri.c  Ij  aid  a-.l'i  red  to  til- Aullrians.  Hut  the  aflilhmce  the 
•.',,.,,    ,    i  ■'    .,1;-  of  Mi.ts,  ilol.e   .,1   '•  ix  li  .iwed'  .  recii'. .-.;   I'r.iii   t!ie   I'r.-nui,  wis   more    tis.in  an 


1.  I  j.ld  i:i  '^'  y -ir  ic:.^  :  Il  pretendul     friemi.      But,   nutwitiillamiing   tlie    lid',   o! 


pr.:i  ei 
I.,;.-,  . 


laui 


l!:l'  1,  .  1  .0  •• 
i;..t!'-.ili-: 
n;v,..  l-.,:.k,  !. 
t-r-i-  Mi'-s,  a..' 
l\la;r,-'.ii-.  air.l  ( 
1,; 


..    (.i  ,         i  i.'i   by   til.-   m.u  '     ;;  -,    I  .1  !e!^ 

li.i  a:     .   ii.    luce  lior,  .iiid  til-  (;oi\;i 

I.       ,,  ■    i:  ite  ,  an:-.  I    1  $4  }•      -^c   lite 

./ii  \.  ,1 ,  ..i>.-i;:i).  .1,    .:.  1    ,:■.'■ 

:.    .1;-   1;    '  li'..a!l.l-.;  Ul;-;-;.  ■   ,    !.;. 

,■...:,    ...    .y-    1...  ::.      AM.t  !i..     (,,,,:.;. 

■,  '  \.. .-  >:  L    ''  io.-  I'm''!. I'  ^  01.1  !e   .... 
I 


r.-; 


.ic 


;;  '.- 


i,.p.  iidii'c  ;  I  ...■>  y.ii'.;t:;ei-  I   ,1  ,   J.iii  ■, 

il. -.,  a".. I  il  ■   I  ..1  '.   ■  ;    .'.I  1  ■—  '.   ■.•■  ii  n  ([  .iriio    i''4-i,   iilo.illv   la 
■   iirei' ;  ':■'',   '  1   '.   1  I      k    (■  m    i 
!.      i  i  '.-"1  •_•  :• 
,)ielu-nir.n  t!i.-  '.■e  ■    ■\i  1:1:1  ■;..  ■.oiik:  b.-  ,:i,  .i.i     i  ,11, 
i,:,   ..li.c'iCe  by   ills  hro::i.rs,   licdeclrvd  tli;  -..;,■.- -.       j 
I-",'  k,   \«  !io  \^.i-  but  .'.  v.-e.ik  prii.i    ,   .'.  ■  i  .;  •■,i.,-ed  bv  ; 
.'11  dl  •-ro;..;  i-d    i  -aloiib-,    to.  it-'d    hi.    I  :.  ■':■  i-    w-m  | 
tiic  moil    I,  '  lo.ii.   le-.e;;v,     nilo  i.iie;i    t  ..... 


i-i|Oivile'  t  f..r  <.'■•■•■  delliti'iii  ol  the  (jeim:!,!  princes. 
(;•,!:. \';is  .\:  :  ';  i.Ci  ki'i  only  on-  dangliter,  th.;' 
i  priecd's  C'liri:!;;-.  i,  v.  !■,  1  w  ;s  proclaim-jvl  i.|iieen  1.; 
i' '■i-,v.-c!i  n  '.'n  tlie  ('  ."1  of  her  f.alier,  bein^;  then  but  lix 
I  \;;rs  o;  ;'.'  ;  winreupoii  the  diet  of  S\U'deil  d-,ter- 
i  I,  :.  1  ',  d  ar  ;l;i-  re 'eiiev  lliouid  be  eonvnitted  to  tli.: 
"  I'll  .a  1  iTiier-,  -.' 1.0  I  el.aved  -.^iditiiat  conduct  ;;nd  tide- 
j!  i'.\-,  th.it  ri;  ■  ;.;•;:  V'P.  api^e.-red  in  a  llomilliing  con- 
d  •;  1;;  d';:ip  •  l'.:r  .i-i.'Oiirv,  no-.w-ithll.i  idm"  tiiee  were 
rr  a,id  ill  IV.  :■  v  iih  |u  li  poti  11:  enen.i.  s;  .11;  I,  ,it 
|]  kn.'/ ii,  c'iiilii.id  .1  peace  upon  lion')uia;-i<-  n  riii\ 
f4~:.  upi.illv   called,  "the  treaty  of  Wellj '■ 


.iei  to  m  ■'-.■-  ip  '■■':t  1 • 

t!i 


j,.    |. ;.,!'.   ,:.,   p-pis    i;;    f  liiirof  ili.-:e  p..  .     ,  10.1 


^ '.'1  1, '1  i' :."  (.i^'iMi  (.'ii.i'iia,  one  of  tiie  f;rtati  il  t^eniwlf-s 
•  ■-  !  ot  ti  •.  .("r,  -ir.e  of  till-  uToll  lea::;ed  of  j.cr  fe>:,  loiir,- 
1,1  |.  .dl  til  -.ir.e.  ol"  furop-,  ..iid  in  the  lii»  ..  i'. 
I-;  .-..-.  11  |o.  i;er  eqi,it..b'e  .;d.;i  inillr,e;o;i,  h.iv  r. 
ie"nid  ill  i',e  vci;-  ['^;^,  n ''plied  the  rio\Mi  in  l.i 
'.  -  i  ojinr  n  ;  0 -■,■■  C'iild-.  t;-iilavns  (i!-..it  r.  C'i-::i'. 
..,)  v|,o  p:.i'.-iutl  the  vai  .■,■•,.. init  ti;  i'tj!---.  -.-.  1  ■; 
l;,)ve  ihcii  kiirr,   j.''  n   C'.dim", 


I 


h 


tiiat    he  I 


u!.  1   in  r:  I 


I    Iron  tiie  o  !.i  c* 


I 


[\\   C  d-  1   b 


'1  ticy  loo:i  ]v  rlK  i  mlly   bi; 


■  ri'-"-  to  ri  ^loi-i-  I  1. 


P.i:,C 


1  ■     ■!!    !■     l'(   ' 


.Iv.phI 


:l    ilv 


ll'lltlOn   ;      hi      ll'.Ml    r      1 


III  ■  y.ii    1  • '/  ;   .'■  ■<■ '  ■' 

wtio    I  l:ew:  e  .ro.,,.-t,  u  1 
ii-ii;'ion  i   in   I.  Ill'  -iPit  il'  '- 


.1  d  bv  I. Is  1 
II  ;lo  e  tlie  \\<i 


'■A  1 


:i,  ;  I. 


■a-i  C 


a  Mi-,ii  c, 


teritv.  were  i: 


.la'.il  II 


,:.cli,    lie,    V  Hi    III  . 
I  ro.sii,   V.  i.i'.  I  v.a> 


I    S( 


(i  ried  upon  pilnce 
(.!,.!. le.  v.as  p,r,  .■,.■; 
I  o  i;  II  S',veif:ii  .ii.d 
411  o;    oniir.ry  01 


eh.ii' 


R. 


llM 


11  1      l./'l.! 

,ul     1  lie-  I 


iliir.  I  ot 


d,     It    V 


.h;,h  .il 


i,,r.:rii  ri. 


1; 


ll  le:  !i  ' 


!)■ 


I     h 


IIP  a  lini'    his   telllpjli.j    1.1    S.'.'.'.i.P, 


llis  ir.v. 
C  ha, 
:;:k[  ,■. 
Ail.  .. 
<,i  l.'t'- 
11.,.;. M 

•i.i'.c  01 
the  pv.i 

Uil.ch 

accLliioi 
iJe,.:,,.; 

I  II'   .  o,,, 
V.i:0     ll.; 
t\l!l:lto(: 
roio|.,.i] 

1  l.iVi  11', 

.ikil'iPl-, 

C/,a.  r, 
b.  lien .; 
citd  ;o 
to  .S.  ,. 
Sv\ei'il!i 
loiii,- 1  1: 
iie::c. 

'llii, 
piio  ;;,  •, 

limi\  .ill: 
ot:iv;'   o[ 

n),i:d)<\] 
(^i'/i'f,. 

I.  u.':.is( 
I.i,  111.., 

I  .i.  in' 


h\ 


V  K  1 


•'!!Y. 

■Iic(  k'".l  I'V  i!i<'  I'xrrior 
,!  u;;;,\v;i.  .\.!t:!;.:,v;. 
v.'-,i)  .I'.U'vua' .:>  ioMilv 
cJ  lac  'a..'.!-i'vi.iU-!V..-  1,1 
L-xt  \\Mr  {.'on)  w.'s  ll;:- 
,)l;)!uis,  then  iS  vc.iri  lit 
:!u'  rt.iti'''',  lu'  took  I  poll 
rdvi'rnir.if.t. 

iT'lViDii  CD  till-  thri.r.c  "f 
veil  in  :i  \v.ir  wiui  tl..- 
r.nonircd  .lU  i'.'-  iUtfiui - 
•rlol'ition.  '\"t.\^  rrir.i  • 
f"  v.iUnT.  lU'  ob:.i:iv.- 1 
Tiaii^.  IK'  i;H';uk,i  t.  f 
,  :()i)!<.  Ki.'i,   "'i'--i  ;r.;KL 

OvilH'''. 

I'd  ricr.ini.'.,  I'.rovc  r'if 
•o,  ik-l'iMU.!  l^ik;,  t'.,- 
I'nrkml  lii;  luiit  tiliou  ''i 

•.'V.  i-.'IVl'.ittl>. 

Mr  \i)  ]i  he  r...::c.i..i  ;".'.) 
I'llly,  who,  ill  .■.;!  .i-.:..  .. 
,■  wuuiulctl  by  .1  i..in:u)'i 

I-  vi\nu\  of  r).;v.v.'.i,  .iml 
Li;ion.     In  the  nicin  tiiv.t- 
1  t!io  Saxons  cut  ol  IJolic- 
tln'  (IciHor  I'lr if.ui.1.1  tiic 
1  h-  Utt  H.uMri.i,  tixrrc- 
Soon  alUT  which  a  irc- 
c  pb.iMs  of  Liitzen,  iif.ir 
;ii!c  thc;i!i--lves  iiMlU-rs  (.:' 
s  J  but   tlu-ir   hoik   bcini", 
i(\.iviis,  to  cncoui-,i;i;f  h,s 
t,  advancing  at  tlu-  hc,;J 
r  touai,!  (ItMti  on  the  otlur 
.•n  lliot  through  the  batl^, 
o  have  been  (.Ion;-  by  Ion,-- 
witiuUuHiing  ilie   lol->  o! 
•tlifh  gener.ils  behaved  lo 
mipk  te   vidory  ;   and  tl.e 
.ittervvards,   in    wiiieh   the 
ioiH,  iiotAidilkin.luig  the 
lan  iir:r..es  elian-red  lide>, 
Hilt   ihe    afliilance    tlie 
r.'neii,  w  is   nion-    th.-in  .1:1 
t  t!.e  (jeiii-,,1,1  jiiinees. 
,,„lv    on-   datiirliter,    tl;i- 
,    priiekiiiiie.l    tjueen    1.; 
UWr,  bi-'wj:.  then  but  lix 
iliet  of   S'vveden    dvter- 
iviid  be  eonvnitted    to  ihj 
luh  that  eon;liK-l  and  liiie- 
rid.   m   a   llomilliing  eon- 
;i\virh;l.'.  .diny    tkev    were 
I'l.tait   rneii;iisi   an.i,   .a 
\Hi(!n    hon<)iMa;:ic    uriii\ 
<  tin-  treaty  of  \Vc1!|m'- 
of  till-   jrr'tattil   !;cn;'.fi"  = 

lr,i;:;e',l  m;' i.ir  ll'>:,    l'""".- 

•  .  ,   ,,r.d   in   the  h\f  ■>'. 

■.::-l;i,i!i;lrraM;n,    h..v  n 
n  ■■'■neJ   tl.e  noun  m  I.^ 
li'.'ilavos  (i!'..'.t  I-  ^  I'  ■■ '   • 
,    .--...inil   i;'.     !'"''•>  ■'■■!  ■' 
|,:ii  kin;r,  j..'  11  C'.'.fui!", 
u  die  11   !.)  V'.l':  ui  a.l-  J/ 
iiillv  bivk-. 

..   ,,v    .'     -:l    dv    P'M-S 
,1  ,,v  1  •    ■■■  :■■■  ■■  '  >   '  ■   ' 

i     •    ,    ;1    MlMlv',     ..'ll     '  '        ' 

,,;■  W  ■'.■!  !i'>l  r.       I  M    ■■■    ■ 

„  v:,.h  -k  'i'  ■■:  '- 

',■    ,...,  .;i.l,'     '  I    '■■■'^'  ■• 

,,  .  „,.,;  r  Is  ■■  : 


r■,u■^o^):.l 

(■ii:e,-iil  ir.ro  a  c."i;ife.ler.:rv  ;'.f;iii.(l  .S\v\, 
ta'iied  .1  vi-  Mj.\-  .:v\'r  "he  '.'.veJ.eb  at  Nieiibi 


S     W 


IP'  ;  aiVl   >.  Ill 


n 


N*. 


t." 


CI 


ai  lea    v.'.'.s  levMiiii    ano'lief 


'.rir.v   tJ  oivvile 


ti;n,   lie  ".'■'.  t  ;i,en   ill  ot  a   le\'er,  .iiid  di.  d    ci    t".e 
'_  >!  of  i" '..iiaiv,     l'>'«-,  k.ivhi"  (!ii!v  1  I'.e   fon,    n.'.ined 


th'-'H  ..bout  livj  UMis  o( 


Dining;  liie 


n.-r 


itv   of  Charles   Xi.   ti;e  aikiiiniltr.uiuii   ot'  tlie  ijo 
V'.ini'.ieiit  wns  eoir.iiii'teil  to   liis  moth' r    tii,'    (uieiii- 


dovv-. 


hil   live    threat  e 


eel',  o 


t    the  r: 


IV. n,   IV. 10, 


'ill:-  ir  neeelTiry  to  be  at  (.'.•. e 


h'ur?,    concUi'.'i  •.!    a 


th. 


the  ...Li 


'.'lav  16; 
Oliv.i,  near  J),ti-.f/. 


witii  liieir  IK  1  ;!i- 


\\\:l\  I  hi 


lei;,  wli'Tetiv 


I'oi. 


s  rel;:'.iv;i.l;eii  u: 


.e  eii.iie    no: 


el  11111  to  I  .ivciiia,   an.!   le 
'. i.'ion   o(   tliat   iirovinee 


lev   eei'.clii.'eu   a 


tlie  .iv.'  .les  11 
aiv.i  in  the  [.<.']■ 
IJer.niai:.,  on  ti'.e   fi:ne  o  •..klljii.i   tlieyiiid  n.^ieei!  1 


a;  K( 


ilk 


nilil  ;    (.111,-    t^ 

ikI  ol  ilornh'ikn,  ; 


.1,. 


eeded  to  tlie  I J 


me.  t  . 
cit;  and  tern'.iiry  of  !.)i.)ii 


tiiei;ii  I",  ivorv 
■fse    ."we.i.,' 
Kn-k-nd     a.id 
diiJe    \il;ai; 


'.tered 


lilt')  a  tie  :fv  Willi 


il'ilL 


uio,     ai;aiiii 


iT.llii 


ir,  0:1   :a      e'.iiH' 


•t   of 


%v  ir,  a.w>o  I  v  I,    tli:-v    <■,  •jri.;    nt'i  .111  aliia'; 
f 'MiH ; ,     a_c,i::.lL     I'.e     11     1   •  .li     .'V  I  ;   i.',   a:;d 
Bia;u:.n:-ur:- ;  b:  z  t^if-ir  (■:■    es  i.eii-  dile..:.d 
(ketnr,  \1  .-  u.aj..'  I.i    '' !:'  ;, 
ritoii---  in   l'o!:,,-,.L  .;  ■,   w:.;. 
Kru:;-  n  ...-.]  \  ; :-.'  ■^.  '.r  1    i  . 


nv  th'j 


01    'PU'I    (i 


•ki:'-  ■  r/.d\  reduced 


elir. 


b.-. 


.1   I- 


,1  ro 


I  c'Ts  lie  rede.ecd   .'Xu  ■nfciiSj  Kinrrofp. 


Ola 


)f  ab 


aiiuoi'iii;,  lus    kiiii;,i'j '1    tv.iee 


ro  th?  nr- 
anil,    III 


h  ,  fl-.u:  inu 


iiv.Iell 


lir,  ueriiiaii 
fi.iir;  n 


dominioii 
irt  to  Warliiw 


up  'n  l)T. 


en,  tae  capi'.ii  or 
iitiinitv  to  Siarii- 
iii,  w'  c-,e  iie  v. a.i  liileiiuik,' 


il  01 


I', 


en:  a  <ncat  rc:n~ 


einv.nid  I. a  tii'.'  +'h  of  Of.i 
In  the  mean  tune  th.e  C, 
f  irciiiieiit  of  tic; 'ps    into   1'.'  :.d    :o   the   afliUance  of 
i.ii  fi  iend  and   a;.;, 
■  i.e    ^axoii    "'  iiei. 


kin-  .\' 


in  1  Ser.uleiiibiirfr, 
notlier    .irm\    m 


S..v;!'r,-,  with  Willi  il  he  joir.i.I  -he  l\  ■  (Tian«,  a  battle 


hi  at  1  r.ivt 


,iki 


11    I  e  iZUi  ut   v. 


■  .S.ixor.s  and  l-aiH 


lan.s  wire  .iji;.in 


defe 


ry,  170 


iteii  oy 


he  .'.'.v.eiles. 


The  RuiTji:.  tliiew  I'.ov.i   th<ir  arm,,  and 
i)e;-;4ed  f"r  ir.eicv;  Ltut  lae  Swedilli  general.  Kenchikl 
i.rdeied  iiiLMii  ali  to  be  i.ui  to  d.tatli  in  eo!d  bl.iod, 


to  ri 


tlie  baiDantie 


s  fiie  Cz.'i  iiad  eonriiic.d  in  Li-. 


for  tiie  Czar,  t  ikinr/  ;-dv..nta''e  of  the  ki 


'ueiH  n  s  ai'ii 
.1. 


Ki  troii 


th.u 


rt  ot  It,  t.ki-ii  t!ie  clnef  tow  it,  i 


lau  rciiueea  uu-i 


num- 


d  Q 


mrs  ol  the  iniiahu.mts,  aiul  lent  me  relt  in  tii.uns  to  the 


laJf.icnd  f^reat 
111 


I'.IIIOL 


li  1  ii:  of 


i;s  iloii-iinions 


I  he 


ot  .Mve..;i  n,   n.iviiii)   il.ivi 


n  both   the  Ruf- 


,d  S, 


ons  01; 


X   of  I'oiaa.l,   I 


lent    h'.>  marcii   to- 


I  wauii  the  r 


e  river  Oi'.er,  in  01, 


hi. 


.11.  ed  r'lediet  f.fthc  tnihirc  t.)  led  re  h'i.i  their 


er  10  eiirer  ri.ixonv.  which 


ene- 


h; 


f' 


!ie.i  die  (.Jd^r.     'I"he  kino;, 
i 


IK)   ever. 


leec' 


If.  ■■),   ulu  ri 


al 


de,!  by  |i-, 
I  tile  H  rrii 


11,   at   .^r.   (,rrir:.ii 
<il  Nil.,     I.  n.  ai 


tills  Will  were  itluireti  t'l' 111 


ri.  .1   the    pr'iie  i,, 


ic.i  k 
r  tl..'e   t...i;!.. 


;  aiK.  !vin;:   C',.irl 
IV  .a,  fi.icr  t.)  111'. 


con'inuir.;i;  I. is  ir.irrh,  and  ent -ring  the  t.'-ontiers  oi 
.-iM'ii'V,  t'l''  liih.oitants  i-iiT.'dia.i-lv  lied  I'rcni  thMr 
ii-u,  ,,  ti'i  iii,.    ^W'.- '''th  I'-  '    Iv   |"i -.lulled  . I  proek.i.ia- 

I'.'i  icf  i-ii>-a  to  their 
.  il-  le.r.ired,   fho'ild 


n  )i-.,  •_.(  lai 


t.  lai,  V  M  .■ 
i.i.,-  ( 1,11,1  iliii 


b'V  ;  )  ii,  ■  ivlf  he  llioiild 


111-   v  .  ai  ■   I. 


beia;_;  .r  peace  widi  all  die  ii;!'»h 
to  ha'.e  aprk'  .1  the  P'  \.er  velle 
pre!lk)ii   of  his    luliiecs  j   ••  hoai  iu    end  ivid   and   ini- 


in   aim   to  lae  cm- 


iked 
ibk-;     lo   tl 


.0  ii.v.iir  am 


la.    ta  ■ 


ifdf 


UKl   his    ami" 
'  .'-^  .eden  w.b 


HI  eveiv  reipe.t  monareaicil 


lii 


Mine  lo    \'  IV   eonlii,;i.r..b'e,   di.ir   conieieiui  s  ,or  .1 


r.ei.i 


I    u\ie  o 


Uylwu.v  la  v.'/;,  11:1, ler 


his  iiUMMtioa. 
Chail 


:i.  the  fi 
ec!  -1    b\ 


Ci..M 


111,  ,1    .aid    I 


eu,on  returned,  to  their 
ip'  ■  i  at  .Vhaaltad,  near 
li.ite.  of  S.iN'iiiv  to 


111  et  hiai  ti 


in    on 


11   I'l  ill  ,M  account  ot  thi 


rcvi'liaes  o!    ilr-  i;i^ior..!e,   v.niia    lie   ii.ivia 


iiii;i;!kd  on     .;■-  ,1  a    i  .x,  or 


-n.].)!',  of 


lix  doli.as 


.n)  a   i.OiiMi 


peiui'd, 
0:5,000 
lie  obli- 


the 


11    .0  I: 


I  v.r .  otic  ci 


::■  id  11:  a;,  tv.o  p.: 


,1  .Is  .,;  :i\v 


h'ld.ers  wifa 

,    -IVO   pots  of 


a  d  loai  pci 
di.ii  .irdeie  . 


■•....ell,  a  -;, 
\'i  h..i'.  I .-:  i.:e  . 


■I    'llvl"    h'Jl!', 

•:  .fhi'. '.'IJ.. 


^.     tie 

r .  V  I.  re 


•I     iai.l  .•:■,  beaavi- 
'kli.rv.as  n- 


CIO  iv- 


a.   !   Chi. 


.  V'  iie.iu    .  le  I',   a 


01    1;  l...;  V.       I  Ills    I  ai' 
11...'. I  \  \   llie  li  icue,    til 


niiis    '.'..1-.    il.ci.i, 


a.;e  ol    l:\'.eeii   \e.i:' 

die  pv.iee  01 

u',\.(l\   h.ivl 


:.v  a  '.'.1  net   .iti.iiiien  10  t  i.' 

in   Noveiiil-.er,    imj',  f..w 

.f   ilk  eoaelu 'ed  under   hi.   nu  .!i.-.i:an. 


f.thi 


r.     .Soon 


aiicnion,  he  li.ul  lo  c:  ntiiuiv/ith  the  united  jiowers  o! 
i;e..:aaik.  r.-iaid,  and  uiiilia.  The  lirtt  of  liieie  had 
I IV  ..'a.  iiid    on  d.e  territa; 'I :.  ol  till- dnki  oi    I  lolHeiii, 


le.   howcwr. 


b'k.lv 


v.1.0  had  tliioafe.i  hi-.  Iiller. 
iMd.lt.icil  dieni  .111,  i'l-.i  fi,.' 
eiiiii|)ciled  tlie  Lkir.es  lo   eo.'eiudc  a  pe.ice   w.di  h  111  .1 


to  Co,  eiih.i:  ea,     an 


l-V    v.h'ih  tl; 


1)1    1  1   liUin   V,  as    re- 


■  liaMillied  i 

C/,.ii    I'eici 

b.lii-Led   N. 

eitd  iO,0 -  ) 

to  S ;,(.;'. 

.Sweeidi   Iv.io,   ill  !t   lie 


iicaai.;wa 


III   t 


lie  iiU'an  i.iiie  the 


a    t;.e   1  rovieci    o 


lie  aimv  ot   Ck.irl 


f  In-i 


via,  .111,1   li.ii 
;,1  :10c  e.M 
ii'iii,   vj.cie.s  diat  ot  the  ('/..ir  amounted 
Saeli,   l.ov.cve'-,   V.I..   the   p.o'i  '1.    of  die 


lolUi.' 

liei.'r. 


d  t; 


.'hivd  a;  i,,e   Ic  .  !   ol    Snoo, 
,c   111. ■.la   iiodv  c'   die    Isulii.in  ,    nil   i.'.le.lttie 


V  iih  his  a.ms 


||.S'. 


ii..iii\allid    in  the  ,'iia.iis  ol    iiiilorv.      II,-  d  k,.lc.l    th. 


't    C  .111 


i.iii.l,   .1    a  I'll  .11  .  o  upi 


llicl 


ni.ii 


•h.-,! 


W.al:' 


.h 


,n,',  10  hi 


»in.',   ol  I'oi.aid,  an.l  hi:,  li  i.-iid:> 


Il   W  .ll,.S 


Ci. 


l,■.Lnl^,     ,1     I   Mil    IK 


II    I    VOiil,  l)V  ill, 

•  li.iidlv  10  b.  I 


1"  i.i;,;  iieii 
.'iium  (il  iiiilii.il  y 
died,  .'iid  .1  lou- 


1.1,  e  aiiiu.lf  invineibl",  whah  acpi  'i-.  (iniii  i  \p!.ii;s,  as 
I.I.- iH'"'.   iiiiln'i  naiure  a*  c.sti  loidin.uy  aitiiiii  Im- 
.   ,).  '■  I 


!  !e   1: 


1.1!:.',*    Cr      .;||    )    [D   V. 


ii.ii  i,i;,-!i...-e 


III-  MIdiu 


1  CO 


i.iiitled  , 


•I'-aih   tueai    a-,    -ikv   deleive.i;   an.l 


ddi 


wli 


t.ke.i  by  itoini,  the  uooc-   irned  not 


u;-,!!!   tl'e 


ui.il.r   v-iticiit  ie. 


d 


ell  latisfied 

-.■.eie  dk-  p.ojik-  V. 'i::i  th.ir  le.  .ii.ty,  w Idle  tii.- .S.iedifli 
iorees  reiiiaiaid  ill  baxoay,  tint  the  great  an  u.d  fairs 
v.ire  liikl  at  l.i 'plie:.,  .i-.  ufiia!,   '..  .tlioe:  iaierrupti.in. 

Ki  ij  Au>,.l'a,i  !-,l'.d.u:j  to  t!l.-  COaijUeic,  to  b.-ji  a 
pe.ice  on  lli,^  owe.  teiiiis,  he  iaiin..Ui.iteiv  lent  iii.ii  the 
toHo'.'.iai';  articles. 

1  Tli.it  .Augiiilir,  ihoald  for  ever  renounce  the  crow-n 
of  I'ok.ii  !,  and  .ickao\ded<ie  ■'>  aailkiii:.  kuvtul  kim^  . 
.aul  promile  iv  \  er  to  leiiiocnt  -the  throne,  even  after 
i!.i   de.i  h  (a'.S-,in;;k;i,  . 


Ih.t   he 


rLii.iii.i.e  ,ill  0:1, er  alliances 


he  rele.iie  the 


th.K  nt  liiiii 

.;.    I  h.it 
(.ciicr  p:ii'  'hers. 

.(.     1  ■   it     lie    (!'•:■ 
J    n.'  l'.,li;al,   ..'.l 
\  He,   ap»i  ce  11  I  lie 

r.i,-.  ill'  il  .'lic  lo  ,;ll 


ine^ 


d-,'1' 


elp,ciallv 
;.';d.dlhi3 


Iters,    particularly 


i\.\:  an  V.  I.. I    l'..lve  ill  .CI  tevt    Ins  K 


'I'll     11   llli'  .'iSVi.l.ll 


Ih  li 


M. 


I  ail  111  .,   !,,is   lie  itv 
l";,!ii.- ,  I  a.'  leil  I'.ii  la  :  ,a  li...'  a, 


:ll  of 


Ihall 


li.l- 


li  .  1  iliil  I  h  iilv 


'>U,".C',T    Mil  il,     aiKl 
rl  (lOOCl     .S.;\f)|is 


111  I'.eiii  111.    'V; 


:o    ireii,  neai 


ill! 


.p.  a-    VI 
\.  ,  1  l.iw  ; 


.  V,   lor  v'.'ii.eh    \i".'iilli 


bii  .  ia  il.i 


dil  ol 


t.ieie 


I  e  ih  It  his    pii  i.ipo- 
leatiaiic  I 


Mi 


II 


it 


I 


'■■n 


.  m 


'  i 


lu 


If 


v.'t 


^ 


,     •  ^ 


'  1 


(66 


NTAV  AN'p  Ain-nrKTic  .-^ys.tim  cf  U'c^tu- ',r,  nroGRAi'iiv. 


teiiiiarie^  in  Saxony  h.id  asrrccd  to  the  terms  abovc- 
iiicmioncii,  winch  lie  fmiiui  hmilelt  i)l'ligc\l  to  i.it'lV, 
or  lee  his  tierm.in  doniinii)iis  riiinrd,  as  wlU  as  I'o- 
laiul.  Aiigultiis  li.ul  levir.ll  conllrencrs  afteiwariis 
\.  ith  Charles,  and  ende  ivoureil  to  proriire  better  tcnr.s ; 
Init  rii.irliswas  to  iiRMiled  nt  the  defeat  (it  hi-  fmi  e>. 
ULUer  M 'tierticid,  lliaiiie  nvule  them  iliU  wci  le.  I  le 
obliged  AiigulUis  tu  luid  Stanillaus  i!ie  tuilov, iiig 
letter,  viz. 

"  Sir  and  Br  omuls, 

"  AS  I  oti[iht  to  riy.tid  the  directions  o{'  the  king 
pf  Sweden,  1  cannot  avoid  eongratiilating  yi.'Ur  ma- 
jelly  vipi.n  your  aceeiVion  to  tie  crown;  ih.ui^h,  jur- 
hap>,  the  advintayeous  treaty  t!ic  kinsi:  of  Sweden  lias 
lately  concluded  fur  your  majelt},  mi^ht  liavc  extiit- 
cd  .ne  from  this  coirei'poiidenee.  However,  I  con- 
gratulate yoar  maielly,  bel'.:echir,g  God  that  vuiir 
iiib;ejts  may  be  niorc  faithful  to  you  tlian  they  have 
bci  II  to  me. 


Leipnek, 
April  8,   «707, 


Auc;l".ti's,  kiiij. 


AuptiPivis  was  alio  oblif^'ed  to  order   l;:s  Saxon  llib- 
jects  not  10  addrelb  him  as  a  kin;;  ior  ilie  liitiire. 

The  eluu.'.cter  o!  Charles  Xll.  has  iiiv.ler ''ine  f  )me 
ignominy  l^r  condeniniiig  l'..tku!,  a  cail.ur.  oi /ieet, 
to  the  Icnteiice  <it  t:ie  wheel.  Hut  i;  Ihould  be  e.iii 
liidly  conr)de;eii,  that  l'a;kul  had  not  (■tilji  been  gii-ky 
of  del'ertion  to  ti,e  Rullian:-,  but  reniaikabiv  ■.■.eli\e 
in  ixeitin^  leveral  princes  to  rcbjl  a^^-inn.  tiair  lo- 
vereign. 

1  lie  detlironing  of  Auf'tiP.us,  tlv.-  rading  o!  Sta- 
nidaiij  to  tlic  tlnone  of  IViland,  and  a  fii  t:ii',on  ol 
leats  allonilhing  to  all  Kurope,  lo  enhuued  the  lame 
of  the  eoterprizingking  ot  Sweden,  t!....  Li.  was  Cinnted 
by  amball'..dorb  from  moll,  of  the  powers;  and,  among 
others,  bv  d.f  d'lke  of  Marlborju:^h,  in  the  naine  ot 
queen  Anne,  amidll:  the  lull  caie.r  uf  a  :ucce!-.lul  war 
againil  1- ranee. 

He  teems,  however,  in  fome  inllane.s,  tn  iiave  in- 
dulged a  llubborn  and  impku  ibie  dilpofmon  to  a 
very  cenfurable  degree.  He  laulsul  ni  ln>  ^jrand  de- 
fign  of  invading  Rufiu,  aivi  lull  liie  battle  ot  I'ultow a, 
wiiere  the  Czar  obtained  a  \  leiory  lo  decilive,  as  oblig- 
fd  him  to  take  refuge  anioii'^  tiie  Tuiks  at  H^'i.tier. 

I:  was  near  two  years  before  the  Porte  coviid  be  per- 
lii-.d.  d  Dy  Charles  to  enter  into  a  war  agaiall  tiie  Ruf- 
i'ar.-,  in  which  they  met  wiui  great  luceef>;  t!jr  the  Cz.ir 
entering  into  Muidavia  btforc  he  had  ereCled  maga- 
zin  .'s  (ov  tlie  fervicc  of  his  ar.iiv,  oiie  half  of  tliem  pe- 
ru'iied  by  famine;  and  ihr  hardlhips  the  nit  uader- 
V. er.f,  being  lurrounded  by  the  Tuiks  on  tlie  banks 
1.:  tne  river  Priith,  compelled  the  C/ar  to  ben;  a 
p'..\ee,  rellore  Az':nl),  and  all  the  placci  {,■:  w.l, 
polleueti  (^f  on  the  15;... i^  Sea,  ;!nd  ex'.liide  himlelf  t'.oni 
uavigatiiK;   it,   belo.e  he  could  obtain  leave  tn  retire. 

Feace  being  eor.chided  between  tlie  Tone  an.i  KmH],', 
Charles  was  dehr.d  to  leave  the  In.  l.ilii  d  iminions, 
which  tiiat  pniuc  refuting  to  ilo,  ihe  lUrks  ..tt.e  kei.1 
him  in  I:-  (piarier'-,  m  oid<T  to  foiee  hnu  out  of  dieir 
lerrit  ilie:  ;  and  he  d'Jend.-d  hinikll  v.idi  tli.-  few  |x-o- 
\W  he  had  .ib-uit  him,  till  he  v  ;s  n.ade  p:i.;  i-.er,  ;  i;d 
.  ,  rried  away  to  a  viUiJie  ivar  .'\'l,  i.inn;!!  •,  v!ierr't;e 
tiraiivl  -eii'-i'ir  let  him  know  tha'  1;  i  vie^:e.l  ice  liiou't! 
ijuit  Ids  u'lininitniS  a;';!in  ;  b'V.  d  he  ciiule  to  ivlide 
wivre  he  wi'-,  he  v.'(jiiid  I'.lio.v  h:;::  a.i  1  hi;.  ]i-.()i,l,.'  a 
luiilillea  ••  iluring!  their    li..y.     Ti.'-   i.ing  ha.  ing   re- 

II. 'It, '.;■•,;  !i)  til,- 


i.  lin'.l  I.  .  I'.'out  Vniollr-i  year,  v.  i  mi. 
!i  ,'iti'. r-,  lium  wiift.ee  he  ruik  iliiuu;  i  I 
(:.■,:;, .■n\',  mc-'ignitn,  ..-le  idcl  d.i'v  1  y  k: 
.,.,.1  a, lived  at  Sci.'.!^!.' I,  in  [•"onieM'. 
i.,v  x  ulinoll  that  belli  >,  ■■  .  jr  I. in-,  in  (leii 


.>     ^ 


beujg  foi.-n  .iiier  L-  f.  ,:.  I  f'V  ilie  \)mk: 
he  d(lended  the  ro'..ii  foin    months  j 
it  no  l<>n[jer  ten*!  h-,  I  li-  I  over  tn  .'>. 
tho  military  ard.iu.  of  i.i.;.^  pi'i.i:,  t 


I  iii;'  ly  ,iMd 
r  ;•  ■rKin.  II, 
•,  tn.-  o;-.l;, 
;  in'-.      I  !iM 

iind     I'lUli!.,!! 

.m  !  lli"ii   iiiid:;.: 
rtl:  11.      Sip.  Ii  i,.r 

i.!i,  CI  his  rei.iin 


to  his  own  d'.  .-linions,  he  renewed  the  v.-ar  afair;!): 
the  Danes  ;  hof.ing  to  have  m.idc  himlelf  Ibme  aiiitiiils 
for  Bremen  and  Verden,  which  tlie  D.mes  iia  1  wrelUd 
tiom  hiin  di.iing  his  ablence  in  1  urkv  ;  but,  to  ti..: 
great  joy  of  his  adverfaiiis,  who  llill  diead-.i!  his  pow- 
er, he  was  killed  b>  toie  I'Vetlenchiliall,  a  Dar.ilh  ci;.» 
on  tiic  Irontiirs  of  Norway,  on  the  iiih  day  of  IJj. 
cember,   1718,  in  the  ^hth  year  of  his  nge. 

I'he  charaeter  of  t.ie  celebrated  CL,:rie:\  \II.  k;:v- 
of  Sweikn,  has  been  varioufly  reprcieni  d  b.'writ;,' 
accordingly  as  ir.ankind  are  acliuaied  I  v  i,h  ir  niii.-;-. 
ent  piiiu  iples  antl  pre|udices.  The  g:  •.:  ti.  ;;s  ut'  ,,!> 
chara.-t(r  are  llroi.glv  depicted  by  a  FieiKli  .•:iit,.or  of,!... 


oeca- 

p  11  til     ; 


liill  eiiiinenee,  in  the  following  terms. 

"  No  d..nger,  however  fu  iden  or  imnv-enr, 
fonetl  in  l.im  the  Icall  dilirav.  I  le  Ijein-,  in 
to  h,.ve  been  a  man  liiville^I  cf  tl;e  frali  it 
of  fear;  a-nl  t!ie  nianrer  in  whii  ii  he  en.l'.iri'Ll  c  id  ;-•■ 
liui'grr,  IhvAs  hi, 11  to  le  a  ))i()digy  otllrength  a.-,  v.t 
.IS  couiMLe.  ill--  rapi'd  li.ccelies  afiinll  t.ie  eoiiib;; 
forces  o!  DLniiiari;,  I'oland,  and  Ku"i.i,  pr  ive  L; 
to  have  been  no  ordin.ny  mi-n  ;  Inn,  u.ciiotigh  t,, 
.'.ftai.illicd  ill  l/airope,  yet,  in  t..i.ir  conlajnenu.--,  u\. 
were    fatal    to   th.e   kin.>lom    v\.'iicii    ic    govei;  i\!.     . 


iL'ong  rvlentmei'.t  agan.'l  tiie  uir^rovok.ii  attack.-,  r,i-,l.- 
upon  him,  led  him  10  medit.ue  enterp.izes  agaii.ll  !•-, 
eiiemio,  extravag.mt  and  iir.pr.ictic.blc  in  then  n  tie, 
and  the  cotd  an.l  undil.na;  ed  peileverance  cf  h;.  g.i... 
a.lveilarv,  the  Czar  Peter,  at  leni^t.h  jnev.iiicd  ever  ii^, 
iii  thncted  ardour." 

I'p  n  tr.e  doiiife  of  Clnrles  XII.  Iiis  filler,  UI.um 
l-onura,  conlort  of  the  princ-  01  I  Kile,  afcended  :'\'.: 
ti.roiie  by  t^e   free  election  ol   tlie  llatc.-,  ha\  inc.  ;)i.\ ; 


)v\er. 


ha\  i 
oully   reiigned    all    [iietenlioiis  to  aibitrary  p' 
1720   the  government   was   transferred  to  her  hulbanii, 
piince  Frederick. 

In  Older  to  let  boun.is  to  tiie  rov.il  jirerogiiivr-, 
v-hiih  had  been  too  far  txtendicd,  a  capiiulation  vs 
drawn  up  by  an  appointed  comnntree,  and  ligned  iv, 
l-'rederkk  and  the  queen,  before  tUey  entered  upon  t.;. 
exercile  of  government.  By  the  articles  otthisc.iji- 
tul.ition  the  royal  [lower  v. as  greatly  n  iiliicci ;  for  t'l^. 
king  of  Sweden  coukl  Icarcely  be  called  by  iiat  nair  •, 
being  limited  in  every  bianch  of  govei  nnv.  nt.  1  !i.; 
diet  of  the  lla'e^  miuht  be  laid  to  ink  ;  ..nd  their  tl- 
lectivc  body  h.-d  gre.iter  powers  than  the  j.' iihaiiicii'  e: 
tireat  Biitain,  bn-iil,-  the  king'-^  piere;;.iiive  w.is  inoic 
bounded. 

The  war  Hill  contlnuetl  with  Rullia;  and  the  C.r 
w()uld  prob.,blv  have  made  ,1  coiupieil  ot  iheir  ckuik.v  , 
if  tiie  Swedes  hail  not  pree.iileil  on  tin- liiglilli  to  leu' 
a  fleet  into  the  Baltic.  What  the  l'r,gii(h  rueived  to. 
this  i.Tiportanr  ferv'ce  does  not  appear.  I  lo.uv,  r,  tfu-ir 
liect  could  not  prevent  the  Ru!:ian  g.iiii.s  Iruiii  plun- 
dering tlie  tcail.-  of  Sweden,  whit!:  lie  on  the  liotlvii 
(lulph,  and  ddlrojing  'everal  ot  iheir  erpprr  ,.  d 
iron-works;  this  giil,h  not  being  ilee[)  enuujji  lo. 
lanie  Ihijis  to  enter.  Tiie  alii.inee  bvtweeii  (1  lu: 
liritun  and  Sweden,  at  length  pitvei.fil  tlie  Run;..!-, 
making  any  farther  cone|Uelis  in  that  kingdon^ :  a., 
bv  tlic  tieaty  ''f  peace  between  Sweden  and  Denni.ii.. 
i'.is  l)an:lh  m  j  llv  proiiiileil  not  "o  ahi.t  the  kiai':.:- 
m  iliat  war:  lor  boih  tliefc  king.loms  b -lmii  iieiW  f 
be  .ipprelienfive  ol  thf  growing  power  of  tlu  C/.,ir,  ir  I 
pe.reiVid  th.ic  itwastheirmiitu.il  intei-Ii  not  ru  i.  ■■'. 
tnlvre  to  make  lii.ii  llill  !',re.!r.r.  1  i.e  ll.i,,,  .u  > 
airreed  to  rellorc  to  Sweden  all  their  leriitiiii' s  i';', 
had  j.ci.'eired  d-e  nlilve:,  of  in  the  hue  v..::  (e>.i]  r  ;:i.-. 
mm  ami  \  ei.len ,!  in  conlulerauon  oi  a  lii.i  ot  u.'  1:  ^  . 
ill,:  tlie  lii!i>>  of  .Sv.  den  weie,  by  thi.  ii  ,:>  ,  o',  ' 
to  pav  I.  'I  to  til.-  li;.i.-..on  palii.i.-;  tl.j  ;  ..■,  1:  I,  ,e  v.'.i 
15  '  .1.-  fiiipi  I  I  ■i'A.ci'  nations, 

B,  .1  i,e,.-y  oi  peace  c  :nekided  wii' 
\\.c.',  lino  ;■  ;i,  1  ;.:•:■>'.. eiies  cedi  I 
vi:,v,  .,n[  1 .1,1..,! .,   lii,;.i.i,  part  of  C  . 


1 1, 


Ku 


II  ii  I . 

iilan, 


.1  \N 


liU.  i\  an. I  Iv  idioliii.  III  hi.i 
1  ;..■.'-,  O.-.U,  and    all   ilu 


uf  h  Ol  I  iniaiKh 


in    t  e 


li 


t! 


rctu'.vci-l  '.he  w.ir  n:^;iinlt: 
i.'aIc  himlclt  lonif  iuiinii's 
cii  till'  D.iiR-s  iia  1  wit'.li,! 
L'  ill   i  lilky  ;  hiit,    to   t;,,: 

.ho    lllll  liivul'.d  lli-,  j);(\v- 

liT:c!;iliiill,  ;i  Dar.ilh  c::, 
on  tliu  I  nil  vl.iy  ut  1>.- 
ai  ot  Ills  n<n'. 
iiMtfd  C.";..'ilcr,  Xli.  kir,-; 
llv  rfprt'Unni  h'/  writi,., 
iicliiaLOil  1  V  ih  ir  oilior- 
.  'I'bc  rrr  ;:  ti.  ;ts  ut  iiu 
i  by  :i  Ficiuli  .■•.i]t..ur  oi  .!,■ 
lip!;  ttriiTi. 

.1  ;dc.'ii  cr  i^^n':•■;.■nr,  c;'^  ,i- 
•.iiv.  1  k-  l;ciri',  in  I'h.H  ■, 
r^l  (iC  till-  r.vai.  il  |imi(  • 
vhic  ii  lie  cn;l',iifi!  c  .Id  v  \ 
)i().!i^:y  ut'  l'.MT.;:!li  a->  \\\\\ 
cl'U'i  aj'.iinll  i.ic  mm'j..  I 
1.!,  and  Ku  'i.!,  pr.ivc  !.:  .\ 
ir..'n  ;  luir,  i.iCiujL^^h  t,,  / 
ii)  I  .ii"  Colli. (|'K"i;n.--,  llv  V 
V. ii.tii  i  c  gov;-::  .-.!.  n 
uivTvA'uk.ii  ;.:;;Kk..  \\^\l- 
itaic  cn:crii.i/!c's  agaii.ll  i  ■-, 
■,|'i-.icuc.'.bli.-  in  tl.ci;  n.  t  .;c, 
.1  jK-i  I'cvuancc  II t  li:..  fj.ca. 
,  li-iiLjtii  picv.uii-a  over  i^ii 


r!fs  XII. 


I•.fte^  Ui,i,-i 


iiK'.-  oi'  I!v;;i.-,  .ili.cni.led  i  u: 
)t'  the  llati.-.-.,  havin;;  jMVM- 
)n^  to  aibitr.ny  poui-r.  In 
traiibfciTcd  to  licr  luifbar.j, 

s  to  the  roval  prcro_:;ii:\r, 
xttndcd,  a  capitulation  v  !■, 
coiniiiitrcf,  and  ligntd  iiv 
vforc  ilR-y  entered  upon  t ..  ■ 
ty  the  a.'t:i:lcs  of  this  cip- 
is  (neatly  reduced ;  tor  the 
Iv  he  called  by  I'lat  nan-  ■, 
aneli  ot  piveinir.:  at.  llv; 
tiid  to  ink  ,  ..lid  ilicir  t'i- 
wcrs  tlian  the  pviili.aiui:'  <•'. 
.lll^;'''  piere;_;anve  w.is  mioic 

idi  HnHia;  ri:>d  ihi;   C.--:- 
conci'iell  ul    iiu:r  i  /.::...;. , 
liied  <i:i  the  1  nsdilll  to  le.i  ' 
at  the  I'r.giilli  rueived  to. 
ot  appear.     I  lov.tv,T,  their 
Kul-ian  j'.dlies  from  iiluii- 
1,   wiiitl'.  lie  on   the  Hmh;M- 
,-erai    o!    llieir   eepptr  ..  d 
.)l  belli.;  deep    e:'.ouiih    I'g. 
le    all:.'.ni.e    b.I'.vecii  (>•:.', 
-til  p;cvei.r'd    liie    Rui!i..i  ■. 
lis  in   that  kinydon^ :  a:    , 
'.■n  Sucilen  and  Deniii.i:,  , 
lot  ■■o  ;iI1ki   ilie  ki.i:';.;  • 


,1 


i-  kin;.',du:r,s.  Is  -iMii  lu.'v  t  ■ 
11:'  power  Ol  t!u  L  /:.ir,  :i'  i 
niiitii.il  mtei  1;  not  to  i.  !■■- 
:ae.i[  r.  1  I.e  I'  .i,.  ,  .i  > 
:l  ;di  iheir  leriit'Ui'  '•  ■'  ■ '■ 
,n  I'.e  hue  v,/.;  (>  >.il  r  '''■''  • 
ra'i'Ul  o:  :i  In  li  ot  o.'  .:  '  ■ 
:ie,  l-.v  li.i>  il  -'  ,  '■ 
.,v,!i,r;    t:..    :    .1  .:.l,   a'     v-   -^ 

:vde  1  v\;:'.  IN  ''b,  r  ":.• '- 
li's  ecu;  i  i"  l-.n /.:  ■  1-  ■•  .  :  •- 
I  111  ol  C  .  ■  ,M,  .il  '■.•■.■       '  • 

1)1:11,   n  l-i.il.<:  :'t  ;    •   ■  a'''  ' 
,1  1     ..11    ll..    ii!a::;'.    in    t  ^ 


1 


rUKOPE.] 

Ill  the  ve:i;'  I ■".■'*  nn  niv.bafTadiir  arrived  in  Sw;vi  n 
(roil)  ■i'uikt\',  to  letdc  an  account  ot  the  money  tint 
iiad  been  advanced  to  the  late  kin<i  Charles,  which  b  ■- 
m'r  lionouraLIy  tlireharf'ed,  the  I'oite  and  -Sweden  enter- 
ed into  an  allnn' e,  which  frave  grct  iiinbiaijc  to  the 
courts  ot  1\  teilhui.n;  and  \  icnna. 

About  die  year  173S,  ihrou'-h  vr:  mai  hinirior.s  of 
the  Fiench,  t!ie  peoj'le  of  .Sweden  v  ere  divided  in:o 
tv,-i>  iip-at  p -.ridcal  panlties,  diUin:^iii;hetl  by  the  names 
of  I  lats  anu  C  l[)S.  'l'l,e  former  eipouied  lire  in;e:e;l  ol 
ti'e  cou:t,  the  k-.rter  the  c.nintry,  or  p.'trioiie  pi'rty. 
1  ihle  pairies  not  only  broke  tiie  inrermd  (piict  of  the 
km  >do:.i,  b'lt  k\'  It  into  ,i  r'liii'ins  v.-,ir  witii  Kuiii.i. 

I  ne  queen  ol  S'.ved.en  ilvin:^  wiii.out  illue,  anno 
l";i,  die  di.t  ;nok  into  tlieir  ri)iil'ideiation  th.e  no- 
iiiin.itiiiij;  a  llici  efiiii",  loi  'A'liieh  lio.i.jiir  there  ap;ieared 
four  e.uididaio.  1  he  lirli:  was  t!:''  young  liuke  ol  1  loll'- 
tei;i-(j:.ttorp,  I'uj-p-rteil  |-,y  many  of  tlie  nobiktv,  an! 
be  .1  111  oil;;  p  11  ty  ;'  non'!;  the  bur^ef'l",  as  well  as  by 
the  whole  oilier  of  pi'al'.ints ;  tiie  Kcond  priiiee  Im;- 
iItIi  k  of  lielit'-C  diel,  nephew  to  the  kiiv,  lor  whom 
ail  tl;e  e'er  .■  deel.sird  ;  the  thiid  lie  pi-inee  of  l)er,- 
iiiuk,  who  hi'.d  :v  Very  coni'.'.erable  party;  and  th"  | 
)oui;ii,  til.'  ('.i:!;e  ef  l)euxpor.t'.,  wIm  V..I.-.  ai.b  of  liie  | 
royal  family  (.rSv.'\l.:i,  and  liad  but  ;i  f  nail  p.i.-ty.  Afti.i 
very  warm  d. bi.es,  the  duke  of  I  loillei;!  v  ,1.,  d.'.'cl.u^d 
fuceif.T,  1:1  t!;,  ir.o;;  h  of  O.;  ib.r,  1742,  by  :i  nia- 
io:i:v  ot  f.vo  vo  es  only  j  and  <.lepu;ies  v.'ere  n:i;iied, 
10  otllr  hill,  on  Certain  cond;::.)n  ■,  ti.e  i\.vei;i'':i  01 
the  erov  :,  in  hoj.es  he  nviil'.t  indere  the  (.'z'!:ni  to 
rflloie  t'.e  ;■!  ;nd  duehy  ol  1  inland.  I'ut  b  I'.Jie  i/.ey 
arrived  .1;  1  Vt' 1  l'":r;r,  h"  lad  eudii  '  ■■■d  ilie  liieek  re- 
li  ;ion,  with  a  \:ew  to  the  !':.:' .  if. ''i  of  K  iilii  i,  to 
vhich  a'lb  ie-  n  id  a  ci  t'.ii;  of  11  Tidinry  liriit.  I'his 
fchrine  hi'v:;!';  t'a  led  e,f  pioduein.^  if,  del.ixd  eir.ci, 
was  followedi  by  con'i'.p-v.ees  ll;:c  v.tre  cepiaily  un- 
avoida'de  :-.:,d  enexi  e.  ;ed  :  ti.r  tlie  p.eafant;:,  tli.;':  had 
•■xprtlf.  1  fuch  iiniiiiiiiOU'.  aireclion  lor  the  houle  of 
Milllein,  Ivi^vi  V.  i'.h  th'  f.me  /. -..1  .■..;!  u;iii,iiii;y  to 

13  •;im->rk,  to  v,-!io:ii 


.S    W     E     D     E     N.  6C7 

under  pretence  of  fupponir.g  the  ir.trcfl  cS  i!ic  princR 
oi  Denmark,  in  vdiiJi  they  perlilted,  nof.vithlbntiin'' 
the  km;;  took  .nil  poniblc  methovh  to  retiuce  the:n  by 
liiir  nie.rns  to  their  duty.  At  latl  the  malecoatffntii 
att<mj)ted  to  overturn  all  to  which  the  kins;  and  tha 
Ibites  of  .Sweden  had  con'-nied,  This  obli.'v-d  hi:; 
m.aielty,  iiuich  againlt  hio  uill,  to  empdoy  foi'ec  even 
ill  his  capital  cify,  "iiere,  after  a  lliarp  en.vurement, 
in  •vhieli  one  (;f  the  fee.arorr.,  at  the  head  of  the  kind's 
troops,    was   morraliy  wounded,    the   rebels  were   t^j- 


t  Ml 


.it  ;  • 


1  ■  p.  i.i. 

Ka,      1  luy  ii;.i.wife    inftlle.i   (m 
■\ :    .ucoeft,     riie    tiviiei  m!s    iluit    h  ul 
fo:ees  ia  the  iv.i)  lail  ca:n;'.u;^ns ;  and 


eipoiile  the  nr. 
the  clevjy  \,e 
calling  CO  a  ! 
commanded  il'. 
tiioli-  very  perf.ii,  iliit  had  Ihewn  the  irrc-.ted  w.inir.h 
in  promotiii;^';  tiie  wir  w'th  Riiini,  were  ei.pi.,lly  \vari;i 
in  ilemanding  the  punilliment  of  all  llich  aa  were  the 
managers  of  that  \:.n,  I  >  whom  they  iiiiput.'d  its  want 
of  liieci. I'--,  "^'et,  in  the  midil  of  thefe  doiv.eibe  ilil- 
putes,  a  peace  appeared  as  precarious  ,is  ever;  and 
the  diet  li-emed  equally  unable  to  bear  the  tliou.;i,;:.  of 
lofiiif;  I'inkind  entireiy,  or  falling  upon  any  o.p.dient 
for  recovering  it.  exce[it  receiving  it  a.-.  .111  eL|ui\ai^:it 
from  the  liaiids  of  the  C;:arina.  His  Britannic  ni : 
jellv  having  olfeied  his  mediation,  the  conf  leiice.s  we:e 
continued  .it  .\bo.  'i'hele,  at  lall,  e'ldcd  in  a  tre.nT, 
by  which  UuiT;:!  confenteil  to  relloie  all  that  iiad  Iili  :i 
t.dvcn  in  tld>  war  from  Sweden)  except  ,;  liiiall  dillri.i 
ill  Finkiii'l  i  an.l  to  renew  tlie  peace  between  the  tv.  o 
iiatiot.s,  in  cal'-  the  llates  of  Sweden  tliouid  ilct 
jirince  Ailolphus  Frcileriek,  a.lminillrator  if  I  lolfleiii, 
and  l)illi.>p  of  Luberl;,  fuccelfjr  to  the  crown;  and, 
in  tliis  c.:l'..',  i:;e  young  duke  of  IlolHeip,  whom  they 
had  idreadv  elcLled,  atul  who  was  now  becoire  here- 
ditiry  pfiii  e  of  RufTia,  olFered  to  make  a  foleinn  re- 
lignatioii  c,  .ill  h:s  cl.ii.ii  and  li^-iic  to  the  Swevlidi 
tli.alem, 

V*  hen  I'li'-  tu'tv  came  to  iic  c'.nfuie.ed  in  the  die: 
of  .Stoi  kholip,  tiieie  arole  veil'  high  deb.ites ;  but  at 
lal:  the  i-o;ii;deiat:on  of  thof'e  im.iiediate  advant.iges, 
which  well'  'o  .iiiltf  from  tlie  1  Ic'timi  of  the  billiop  (i|- 
I.ubirk,  a'ui  liie  prolpert  of  ('ontinuii  ililpute-,  in  c  i!i- 
til.  y  ill  .."ted.  .i,ie  other  luecellbr,  brougi't  over  all  th  ■ 
ordeisof  the  II  ites  to  litis  projohi.oiii  ai.  1  duke  A- 
fiolphus  w  IS  aceor.hn:',ly  cliuleii  hereditary  prsiee  an,! 
I'ei  e  !ll>:-  of'  Swcilen,  on  the  ;  ;.l  oi  June,    ly.f ;. 

\j  t  will! :■  tlv  diet  V,  IS  thu.  j'lovi  J!:i"  f'lr  their  p''e- 
li  lit  peace  :i;i  I  fiilure  I'l'i-ty,  the  1 ) .:,  c.e  ii.uis  to  1',  iri 
a:;r',  aii^'  !.'..'.: cli-jd  di.c^l;!;,   ;j  i.!ic  city    jf  otoekhol ,,, 


deicatvd,  obh,'.;ed  to  iay  down  tiieir  arms,  a:-,d 
lubr.ii;  to  the  king's  r.ier.  •. ,  winch  was  extended  to 
then  1:1  the  moll  ampl.'  degree.  I'ut  this  ex-rr.aoidi- 
nary  inilance  of  royil  clemency  did  not  f;i'.eii  the  rc- 
lencn-.ent  of  the  pealiuits  again'ft  two  unfircunate  no. 
bl  men.  Count  Liwrnhaup,  and  Daron  Hucklenbrook, 
who,  to  laii.fy  tliem,  h.id  been  cjnd  -mned  for  want 
of  fuccefs  in  tiie  two  lalt  canipai.ve^  and  whole  execu- 
tion was  ('em,.nd'd  with  f.ich  heai,  that  tiie  king  coukl 
no'  ref.if-  it.  1.,'eiitenant-general  Baron  i3uddrnbrook 
fu!V-;ed  tirft,  0:1  the  i(;th  of  July  in  the  lame  year  ;  but 
Ik  LI  n-:r;lial  1.  ewcnliaup  ir  ide  hi  eleape,  yet  \v  ..s  fjon 
a.uer  re' li.Mi ;  a:il,  n  ):w;:!:l!a:i.  ■;  the  iiobihty  and 
clergy  V.  c:e  ;nci:,;e,l  to  fpare  h;s  h'e,  tlie  p -aiiius  re- 
■  iia  :  c  1  1  ill  inilixiblp)  an!  to  f'li-ly  them,  he  wa.:, 
accor'.i.  ._|  ',')  ill.',  lenteie'e,  be'iead  ■  I. 
t  ' 

\.Ci 

coiil'.'Ked  to  the  election,  r.iiicli  b.i.ig  firrnifi  :..l  -oili 
Adolj.'hu--:,  iv:  vcrnt  loon  vSuv  to  .'itockholm,  whif.- 
w.:.  r.aieclt.ith  nnivci-fal  acclamitioiis.  'i  ho  I:^:  :. 
of  I  )v;niark,  h.iving  I'vv.v  'uo^iv,  ;  to  difike  c'.;;  ;' 
:d  e;:tr  lord'ii.irv  e';e..'..;;:n  ci' t'le   h  juli;  o 


n;  r '.ir- 
es 


to  111,  orn-ry  j- iJ.uc  till  tlicle  melancholy   II  • 
o\ei  ;  iiiid  ;:,e  pc.laivs,  gra'i'ied  in  tlv  ir  leven 

,1, 


^n  a: 


he 


li'l- 


oc 


.•:,,  noL  a  little  iiiortilied  on  the  leurc 


of  hi;  l'o:i'..  being  let  afidc  to  make  way  for  tiie  liillijp 
of  Lubcck,  began  to  make  fuch  vail  military  pr»'p:na- 
tions  a>  I'ee.r.ed  to  bet'peak  a  dili  -n  of  ine.;,!:ii:.''  ':-,..■. 
''•n,  v.'iich,  I'or  Ibme  niotulis,  lui  only  am;  I.'.- 1  Liic 
1:01  th,  b.t  alllv.irope :  yet  the  CV.arina 
to  lay 

.■~'tocM  olm  and  Copenh::gcn,  th  t  die  w  .jnl.l  iii  le.:  in 
;!ie  el.ciiu:!  Ilie  had  promoted  wit' 


■    i'v'-.l    of 

ol  f';e  kii'g  io.ii 
y   ri.:|ii:;  e   ihai: 


of  .?, 

i:io  i: 
^■fi- 


icl.'n  on  t:ie 

St. 

i.'i'ip;'r,  an'! 
':i''i:".i:s   0! 


I'-i  •  I  means 
s  Ho: 111,  by  declaring  n.'u^iiy  to  t!ie  cur,,  of 
lolm 

le  '■  Il 

ii-r  empire.      To  ellabl  fli  the  p -' 

111  ire  c'leaually,  it  was  thought 

.il"  111'.'.' princ^- hiceellbr  Ihould  n. ...  , ,  ^ ^.- 

iy   he  elpc/ufd  the  princeli   L,'  iiiia   Ulrica,    f:  ccr  to 
he  king  of  I'.udla. 

Ad'ilpiuis  fuc'C'-ed'.d  to  the  ci'i 
■ie.irii  of  the  late  king  Fiederick, 
Ik  was  a  p.ince  of  a  mild  a: 
harr.iP.ed  by  contending  fict,e:i 
the  fe'iitors  foiced  .'\dolplio:. 
againll  I'mflli;    b'lt  a.;  tli  .:  ...i,  dil.igr^i   bl..-,   hjl 

•inly  to  the  piop'.e,  b.,;  ai.o  r.)  th'j  king  of  Swe.ieii, 
th.e  n.rion  never  .n..de  f)  'iv.-an  .va  ap  aiancej  ai;!, 
up.  .1  ''lullii's  making  a  [leace  with  I'mina,  the  .S  :  :i  s 
e  ':'.-i;;.'.:eii  matters  a:,  well  as  tliey  e'".!H.  An.'ra  reign 
<;!'  lue.ii.lt,  co'iimi:ion,  ;i:i.l  trouble,  this  mo'i.i,  i.h 
di  \i  of  chigiin,  m  t!ie  year  I'^i,  and  was  fuceced.ed 
1).'  I'.is  foil,  (iiiibivu-,  who  was  !)•!  n  i'l  i~.,6,  ,i:i,l  m,ir- 
;ic.l  to  tl'.e  jiii.i  ef.  !•;,'! 'if  i)e:;".i.',ik  in  lyO".  In  liie 
c  jmirencenu'i  t  >;  tii '  i^i.ii  ''i  loiikiv,-';  ,1  very  re- 
mark.ible  rev  liif.-n  li.e'P' 'le  1  in  S',..'iicn,  of  which 
.1  late  le.'.rniil  .111  1  in.vcilious  tr..ve!kr  gees  the  toUow- 
ing  ele;:.iiit  ai  eou  u. 

'.It.'  f:vei;  i:.:i>,  wis  a  weik  man, 
'..•r.r.^'  .  :ic..i  a'lthority  .ittained  its 
•  r'l'  d  n  veaue  was  verv  inade- 
,'M  '  iii'i  vci:!ht  in  tiie  le.ile  'ji'sjo- 


'<.:■  ,  t;,e 
■  I'll  n  ih'- 
i/'itil.       I 

1  .  .,'  ':n'e 

i  ICO.il  '- . 

...    ^Mi   •■ 


avd  i:n;. 
11!  ro''.  ' 
ipi.it  •  t'l 
.  ei  :i  1..  ;i 
"  in  t 
I'row'i.      i  !  '  'v.;:..  , 

ilirU'di.lti'      '■■    dn' 

Cieoi;;-   Hi.   oi    l: 
lion  ;'  'It  .:   ..,    h.' 
he   I'l'ignj.i,   .1  .1    I 
S'.vevle^,   wlu",   Ii:  e 
rei'ii'  1^  on  tiie  il 


1  .1, 


ai 


.......  a,.vl  >1( 

M  fi  iikivi.  111.  lucceeded  :  1  t''e 
;  ■  1  >:  ■  i  I  ^.■  i.ii  .iiir.'.g  '  ev.-r  In-  two 
..'ei!';  whuh  hii  I  ell' It  111  ;''''y, 
•g/.n  1  th  I  ovc!'  h.i-,  0:1  his  ..c 
w  1'.  li.'i  :i  :.i  iie  e  '■J;:try  over  w  1 
j-  .  r  tiie  1,1:1  -n,;!.'  ■  p., I.,'  liy.  'liiw: 
ir  1  ';.',  li  ::i    Ii  en  only  fo- 


c  U 


t  le  vv 


V,'v 


.'.inn 


■     ■    '1. 

I 


t'.i 


iiave,  once 
niJie, 


6';? 


M-AV    \Nn   AL' 11  U.N  IK"   SYsITM   o?   UNIVPRSAL   GKOGRArflY 


n^ore,  a  kip.;;  from  .mioiv^  tln'inlcKi-s,  inloir.iirli,  ih:u 
ll'viT.il  i'llvir  nu-il.ils  were  (Inick  to  coiiiaieiiiorau- 
t!iis  li.ippv  -vr.i  i  oa  tlic  rcvcilV  of  wliich  if',  tliis  intcri])- 
uon,  I'.uttTi's  land  cf  -,  It  is  my  n.iiivc  i.irnl. 

"  It  one  nwr  crciiit  the  ;ircniiius  liwcn  of  tin-  \mi.- 
pruceciures  of  government,  wliilc  vcllcil  in  tlic  Icii.uc, 
i:  was  hii!;h  time  to  redrefs  the  iniuries  they  iliil  tlie 
I'.ite,  which  flittered  srie.iter  evils  from  the  irrefoliitions, 
the  (iel.ivs,  .mil  the  divifion;;  of  a  l.iige  an'emlily,  than  it 
eoi'.Kl  e\in  inuicrii;',)  Imm  an  ahlolute  nionarcii.  Time 
had  matured  thel'e  feeds  of  difTitisfartion,  ami  a  young 
|-.rince,  beloved  by  his  ful-.iei.'ls,  was  ready  to  take  ad- 
wtntage  of  t!uni. 

"  blithe  I  nth  of  Aiirnll,  177:,  this  extraordinary 
event  was  [iroduced,  which  again  rellored  to  tlie  crov\n 
thofe  prerogatives  whieli  llic  had  loll  for  more  than 
half  a  century.  The  king's  fecrecy,  addrefs,  and  orii- 
torv,  in  lb  dangerous  and  critical  a  junrture,  fir  f\ir- 
p.uVed  wh.it  (iiiuht  have  been  ex}H:led  from  his  .ip,e. 
It  is  faid  only  five  perfons  in  the  kMifdoni  were  intuiit- 
til   with  tlic  delign,  whicli  was  earned  into  execution 


wit!)  as  ir.urh  viiroiir,  as  it  lud  been  plannc!  wish  i.\i.'.. 
I  iiy  ar.i  iiid;;a.enr.  'I  lie  loldkiy  and  people  were 
hueellvi-'y  j-ii.-..  d  by  the  eloquence  witii  wf  ieh  11,^ 
v<)i,ii.>  kin;;;  ad.lr.ll'ed  theni,  who  pldr.ly  evmc  d  the 
v.ill  importance  of  thi'i  tjiL.hty  in  popular  oinmo-i.-iis 
and  public  alLirs.  Very  few  perfons  were  iniprifoni'.! 
and  that  only  for  a  Ihort  time;  nor  have  any  of  tlieni 
experienced,  in  the  fmalled  tlep;iTe,  any  liimi'iuition  of 
the  royal  favour,  on  account  of  tlieir  o|ipolitioii.  I'he 
lenate  rook  a  new  o.itli  of  allej/iance  to  the  i';:n-e 
.md  tr.iiKjiiility  was  reltored  throujrhoui  the  kiii'.'iio.n. ' 
I  lenee  we  may  perceive  the  p,reat  force  of  cloeiition, 
and  rill  p.jwer  which  an  oi.itor  has  over  th-  human 
mind. 

Where'er  he  Ijieaks,  he.iv'n,  hov;  the  lifi'nir.!;  thron;' 

Dwell  on  the  melting  miilie  of  his  toiiL'ue! 

I  lis  arjf'ments  are  th'  enibleir.s  oi'his  mien; 

Mild,  [in:  not  faints  .ind  !i)rci:i<:',  tho'  lir.'ne: 

And  Wi'ieii  the  jiow'r  ofcloijuen;  e  he'd  irv, 

licic  li^jlu'iunijblfrikeyou,  there  lot'c  breezes  fi.^li. 


C     II     A     1'.       \'I. 
GREAT         RUSSIA. 


i  u 


:     1       ■' 


s  I-  c  r  I  o  X     I. 

Extent,  Situnticii,  BoHHiiarics,  Origin  cf  Xamrs-,  Mcitn- 
:.iiiis,  Riicis,  Lakes,  CUnuU^,  Scii ;  PrcJK.'ijn.i, 
Vigetiihlc,  .'iiiimal,  M:iici\:!.  L'i. 

Till".  RuITian  empire  is  admitted,  by  geograpliers 
in  general,  to  be  of  i;reatcr  extent  than'  all  the 
reil:  of  r.urope,  or  than  ihc  Roman  empire  in  the  ze- 
nith of  its  pov.er. 

The  imnienic  dominions  now  under  confideration, 
are  Ikuated  beteen  47  ani.1  jz  degrees  cit  nortii  lati- 
tude, ai'.d  between  2J  and  65  dcgiees  of  call  longi- 
tude, being  about  1500  m.L'i  in  length,  and  about  1100 
in  breadth. 

Ivuliia  ij  b.)unded  onthenoiih  by  die  Frozen  Ocean, 
on  li'.e  ea!f  by  the  empire  oi  Ciiinai  on  t'le  font h  by 
I'erlia,  the  C  ifpian  and  Black  ^cab,  a;id  Turkey  -,  and 
on  tl.e  welt  by  Sweden. 

Tiiis  em;,  i/e  is  known  by  the  •.•.rjiell.uions  of  I^iiJia 
and  Mulovy  ;  th,  former  of  wluch  is  iiioll  piobably 
derived  fro  II  the  ancient  inh.'.b:L.:iit.i,  the  Kuiri,  or 
BorufT;;  and  the  latter  from  the  liver  Moico,  upon 
^vhicli  Mofcow,  the  ancient  metropolis,  w.;s  built.  It 
i:,  et  i^refeii',  d;;linguilhed  by  tiie  name  of  Gre..t 
Uu!l".  I. 

ri,i.^  vaft  country  is  in  general,  Il.it  and  level,  ex- 
cel): towards  the  li')rth,  where  he  tiie  /.innojioias  mouii- 
iaiiis,  ;in)i)(iled  to  be  the  M.i.;.^-  Kipfj^t;  of  tiie  ancients, 
i:ow  called  the  Ciirdle  of  the  I'arth. 

Tiie  moft  coiifider.ible  rivirs  of  Riiffnare  the  Wol- 
<'^.!,  or  Voig.i,  which  travel  fes  the  tar  greater  part  of 
Rullii,  and,  .iftcr  a  long  winding  vouric  of  upwards  of 
aqjc.  b.e.rthni  mile?,  fjlli  into  the  C.'.fpian  Sei.  In  its 
co'.iile,  v.;,ieh  is  moflly  from  call  to  well,  it  rceive, 
near  40  r'' vers  ( among  which  are  the  Occa  and  Kama,) 
Ibiiie  of  tiie.ii  vi-iy  laij'c,  w.ims  the  wails  of  near 
double  tluU  nu.iiber  of  towns,  fertilizes  all  tiie  lands  on 
e,ic!i  fide,  an.l  fijiplies  tliem  with  j)roilKUuus  tju.ii'.ti- 
tie2  of  r.ib,  p.utK  ula:ly  lUirgeon,  fil.iiun,  |.ike,  &;c. 
of  a  l.uge  li/.e  .iiul  exqu'.fi-e  t.ille.  There  gows  like- 
wife  akiii;;  it;  banks  ife  tiiieil  iniilles,  and  a  kind  of 
l.ir.e  tifpaK.gui,  of  a  deiieiyus  tille  juul  flavourj  and 
the  iiiiell  oaks  ih.a  MuIcliv'.  p-ioduce  ,  are  t')  bc  foiiml 


ak'iip 


bunk.     TJie  ii.i-.fi/rtune  is,    th  a  a  L'rcat  track 


';  i  lU 


oi  th.it   fruitful   land    ah.'iig  this  m.ble  1  iver,     i,  Co  ex- 
j)oied  to  tliC  iucuirions.  of  j:he  CJubui 'I'artar..,    tlut  it 
I 


lies  altogether  iincultivatid,  and  aliv.ofl  unpcopkd. 
To  remedy  this,  the  C;:ar  I'eter  1.  caufed  .m  iiuiei.eh- 
inent  to  be  made  from  tii.it  river,  a  little  oa  tliis  fide  tlie 
citv  ol  Zaiitza,  ipnte  to  tlie  river  Dun,  near  the  city  ui" 
Tw.a,  by  whicli  means  lie  haiii  fecured  all  that  part  of 
tlie  country  which  lies  within  the  trench;  buctheref; 
1.  .oiling  above  80  leagie.s  in  lengtli  and  bre.iddi,  is 
11.11  e\pofed  to  th.)fe  frec-booters,  and  lies  neglected. 
Tile  \'olga,  towards  the  latter  end  of  its  courle,  takes 
a  v.iiiding  towards  tlielbutli,  and  fall.,  into  the  Caliiiaii 
.Sea,  about  jf)  miles  below  .'Vllraciii,  in  lat.  4^  dei>. 
40  mill,  hjiig.  50  deg.  jj  mill,  e.dt. 

Tl.us  in  meanders  totliedillant  main. 
The  liqiiiil  ferp-.ntdra\.b  his  lilver  tram. 

Tiic  Don,  or  Tanais  of  the  ancients,  is  the  neve 
conlidcrable  river  in  this  country,  and  ilivides  it,  m  us 
n-.oil  eaflern  parts,  from  Alia,  It  li.itli  its  Ij  ring  in  tlic 
province  of  Rez.in,  on  tlie  nortii-eafl  of  the  iak; 
Jwano-.v-Ofero;  and,  in  its  courle  towards  tiic  t.-.'J, 
comes  I J  near  the  \'oiga,  that  tiie  late  Czar  h.id  ua.ici- 
taken  to  have  cut  a  coir.nninication  between  t.'.eni  1"/ 
means  of  a  canal.  I>ur  tiiis  dei'ign,  gi.ind  and  u.I.ul 
as  it  would  have  proved,  was  defeateii  by  tiie  irrupt;ji:j 
ol  tlv;  Tartars,  I'his  river,  cxclulive  of  its  tuin.n^,^ 
and  windings,  dikliarges  itlelf  into  tiie  I'ahis  M  voth, 
at  the  famed  tbrtrefsof  .'Vfibf,  or  Azopii.  'liie  v, JiiiL- 
length  of  its  coiirfe  is  very  conlidcr.ible. 

■IheDwiiia,  01  Dowina,  liitli  no  Ijiring-iie.id  of iti 
own,  Lnit  is  formed  fioiu  t'iole  c.dkd  ^'ucean.i,  ,in.l 
Jug.i,  or  J'.igli.  Its  name  figiiitics  double,  a.  it  i-. 
cuiiij  oled  ot  tilde  f.\o  rivers  j  and  its  coiiill  l.>e;i  ! 
lioithward,  in  wliicli  it  receives  tiie  Vitf'g.la,  .md  le- 
veral  oiiier  riveis,  and,  iiaving  palled  througii  .\reli- 
angel,  empties  itlelf  at  two  moudi..,  jiarud  by  a  f  i,.;ll 
ill. in  !,  into  the  White  .Sea. 

'I'lie  Dnieper,  or  .incient  I'oiilliienes,  v.iveli  is  n,;e 
of  tiie  largell  rivers  iii  baiiope,  alar  lui.iiuig  .1  pm- 
tlif'ions  courle,  falls  into  tlie  I'.ux'iie,  ;>r  Ciai.i.  Se.c.  1'. 
has  tiiirteen  catarai^ts  witliin  ,1  fmail  .iitance. 

The  l.ikes  of  tliis  country  .ue  iiMiie.'iiiis ;  l-\i  t  ,e 
following  only  defervc  notice,  'liie  1  .ke  I,  e!  ;  ', 
b.tv.een  the  gulpli  of  Mnland  ana  tlie  hike  (nee.:, 
is  comput'd  to  be  above  40  leagues  lung,  and  aD,  nc 
J5  in  bre.altli,  wiieie  widell.  It  cxiLiids,  in  leii.eLii, 
f  10111  O'j  to  6 1  deg.    50111111.  ofl.it.    riieCtir  i\'ei  1. 


iAI'IlY. 

bvcn  pl.innc!  witii  f^inr,. 
Idkiy  iinil  [Hiiplc  wvvc 
H^ni'iuv  with  wl  icli  t'lr 
\\w  [-1  '.ir.ly   i'Vi;',r  li  tlv 

in  |)t)|)ul.iij(  Ciuiinio'i'jns 
ifrloiii  wcri.-  iniprilonrii, 
i  nor  have  any  of"  tln'm 
jvcc,  any  liiniinution  oT 
it"  their  oppulitioii.  The 
,lli-;;i.incc  to  t!ic  prin-f, 
roiij^hout  thi-  kinf.'.loai. 

p,rcat  force  (4  eliv.'jtian, 
:i)r  has  over  cuv  himiin 


,  how  the  lifi'nir.ij  throng 

ot"l>i:<  toni'iio! 
.•ms  ot"  his  mien ; 
x'injT,  tlio'  Icrvne: 
iienci-  hvM  iry, 

I  here  lott  biecxe';  li'th. 


I     A. 


,  ar.d  alir.oft  iiDjcci'v,!. 
cter  1.  caiiled  .m  iiiuei. sil- 
ver, a  httic  oa  tiiis  Tkle  Uu" 
river  n>jii,  near  the  eity  ui 
nil  leturnl  all  that  part  ui" 
1  the  trench;  but  the  r^l!, 
in  length  anJ  breadih,  is 
^otcrb,  and  lies  neglc^tej. 
r  end  of  itb  courle,  takes 
mil  fall.i  into  tlic  Caljnaii 
Mlrae.iii,  in  lat,  41;  i.ie;>. 
.alt. 

dillant  main, 
his  liiver  tram. 

tlie  aiuient-s    is  tlie  neve 

itry,   and  divides  it,   in  !(•; 
It  hath  US  fprin^i  in  t!i^ 
nor;!i-eall    ot   the     la\; 

eoiirfe    towarih   the   i.ll, 
It  the  late  C/.ar  Iiail  lui.lci- 

iieati..n  between  tlieni  I'V 

Llerij,n,  giand  an.l  u..:.! 

defeated  by  the  iriuj-l.ai:. 

c>:eliifive    of  its  tuin.;v,j 

•If  into  the  I'alus  Mroii-, 

or  Azoph.     'I'll-  V,  .-.;)i,; 

;.riden.ble. 

hith  no  I'print^-head  u!  its 

I'.o!-.-  c.;lli.d  Sii^^ana,  and 
fignities  double,  a.  it  1^ 
rs  1  and  its  courfe  l.'e;i  '■-■ 

ve.  i;;e  Viif.'^;.Ia,  and  le- 
al^ palled  tluou.;!!  An!i- 

laotidi-,  paniil  by  a  1  i.al! 

I'.oiilliienes,  v.ii'ch  i:>  ". '•' 
L)|;e,  after  runmiig  .1  pi"- 
l-'.iiX'ne,  (>r  Liiai.i.  Sea.  I', 
a  fmall  Ji;laiiee. 
ly  aie  nuii'.e.'Oiis ;  I"  '.i  t  .e 
Itiee.  1  he  1  ike  1 . 1.;  ,  S 
Lid  .iiul  tlie  lake  <  :u-.'.', 
Lo  lca.;ues  long,  and  aU-  uc 
III.  It  ix'ielids,  in  !Lii,;ii, 
of  l.it.    1  !ieC.:ir  I'eM  i- 


r* 


•^k 


11  bottles,  in  whieli 

jftanccs  to  mention 
ofl",  mader  of  the 
wl-.icii  I  had  from 
of  it  m\ felf.  lie 
1  then  (hipped  the 
i  loon  as  the  con- 
tlie  fliell  fwelling, 
;f  .1  liiiall  fountain. 
ip  the  hole  of  the 
water,  and  in  20 
ith  fomc  degree  of 
S  flew  to  the    dif- 

)r  lo  p;rcat  a  part  of 
y  hot ;  and  indeed, 
rr.hle." 

,  that,  to  balavxc 
winter  feafon,  they 
liitnce  in  tlie  fum- 
txetetlir.gly  qnick  ; 
n  v.'oiiM  not  le.ffice 
g  the  1  '.nd,  fv.'r  the 
>g  it  in. 

'i^flits  in  fiimmer  an 
ire  veiy  rtnv.ik.ible 
v.hieh  is  in  6  de- 
:  hill's  being  ;o  fliort 
the  flrotiti;  leil'.LHoil 
great  a  brighrnefs, 
dnighr,  iinlels  it  be 

jre  va-i')tt^  than  tlie 
jrod'iee  wiiear,  bar- 
ith  various  kinds  of 
uon  fo  unconm.only 
•nly  reaped  in  tv.o 
tb:.ve  the  fill  lace  of 
{he  fno'.v,  \v!i:ch  n')C 
d,  but  ciie:  illie.-.  and 
I  it  take  deeper  root. 

irp  artili'ry  form.';, 

e  ul  U(;niis, 

ale  rei-n, 

plain : 

.  the  ikies  to  fleep, 

ft  thick  and  deep"; 
Js  are  cover'd  o'er, 
I  then  the  fancly  lliore; 
.diling  woods  are  lt\n, 
.  all  the  v.oiks  ot'iiien: 
forbir.g  all, 

as  iluy  f.ill, 

part'.,  nuill  ti.'llow  the 

;he   I'tiiiimcr  not  i.;lii!;E; 

be  i;u  lowing  alter  the 

l]vd: : ate  elians  they  lU 

,    till  11  liieir  reaping  time 

.•S  in  Jtily-     As  for  nia- 

.ny,  ilie  Inow    fiippiying 

grain  and   fruits  of  vari- 

plenty  of  rhubarb,  tlax, 

honey,  wax,  Cxe. 

af  niiid-.iooms  p'rodiired 

great  blell'ing  and  relief 

ne  tunc,  they  are  dt  eai- 

the  rich  and  luxurious. 

ove  a  thouland  waggon 

n  aniuially  fold  at  Mof- 

deillord  in  thi*;  miiiirry 
t,  V.  ho  brought  hi..  0  b- 
..".laitited  witii  if.  The 
'11  are  \v.;x  .md  honey, 
^.leafiiiit  a  coirpetency, 
as 


ji" 


t  :! 


i  i 


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II 


1  ji' 


# 


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III  nrf  w.;x  .uic*  It 


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tSpKi': 


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(/%  Np  ■        rii!{ori:.] 

n^nre,  a  ki;if.  froj   •  ■  ""t  fimling  J 

liviT.ii    filvir    mc   '  ■  vulifd,  citli 

tlii,  happv  ivrai  o    .  ■  oivmil  a  coi; 

i.tm.  /\;,/,nrs  ln$t  ■  pruduco  gic 

"  If  i)nc  mar «     v    '  ■  l-i'i"-'^.    f'"'! 

j.rc«\lurcs  nC  imv     1  ,'  ■  '•''^"!^'  "'  ''"• 

i:  was  high  turn-  t    '1  ■  ''■^"■"    ^''■"^■'> 

ll.itt-,  wliicli  rufri-R'C  y  •■  H  "■^""'• 

tlif  <l.-l.ivs,  ami  the //  ■  That  of  O 

couki  (.vci!  iiii.ifiw    /    ■  ■  lake  of  l..a'.ii!| 

h.ul  iiiamrcJ  ther  I  iS  in  l)ri-j.Uh 

priiKf,   beloved         k  W  '^'^-'n  "'  "• 

vaiiraqc  of  t'le!         /  Bj  The  lake  r 

"  Oil  the  lod-''  ■  uiUnijdi,  aiu 

v.iili  tiili,  an  I 

thole  pivrogati^  ■  l'i'"i"  ^'^' 

half  a  ceiuiirv.  H  "^^V  niimrilh 

u>yy,    in  fo  dan.  ■  tionable  divci 

palled  what  jiii^  H  P-'"?.  the  loni 

It  is  laid  c.nlv  riV  ■  «•"  '"Ifi  wlui 

■   v.ith  the'dci  ■  ill  fiiniiiif  i  tw^ 

I  he  taff,  t!'.e  < 
Le  lecii  ;i:,(l  fe 

i'd  til  'ble 
of  tiu;  cckl 
of  a  l..tt'  iWfi. 
in  this  co'j.'.ti) 
an  inhaliitaiit 
tiiat  of  l-,n;.'l. 
It  may,  ptrha 
late,  thu  will 
ilier,  ti."  cold 
fietzing,  lia'i; 
.         .(;  j>  H  ilie    co,-;-iinoii 

. ''  ^^•■•'"'^•'l  I  'ii-'y  kc  them 

»";./^'«^f  I  i^^-i  vet,  hv 

even  in  chat  It 
is  worth  obr< 


I 


T 


1 


^;^^''   '^■^'^;,  I  ciitir   beard', 


Li 


tu;]e,  and  bc:4 
t;!.!;-,  being  nhc 
;n  bread:!] 


"^ 


iVnia,  theCiiy 
on  il.e  v-ell  In-  S 
Tr.is  e.,i;  ire  « 
ana  Mu,t'Av  ;  ■ 
cl'.rivcil   fr(j  n  i. 
P.orulh;  an:   thi' 


■   r:lj\iK.!!;(l9  ■ 


j    i  .  '>r  thit  fruitfulLi- 

f;^!  IK'ild  10  t'.eff 


1/ 


^ 


tlieir  cliin   to 


e.i 


rell  of  I-.urop^^  ■  it  may  b 

'^'%o(  ,:,  powj  m  whieh   aie  e>: 

^  .'^'   '^'^^"fn-j  ■  niav  feeni  Iha, 


is  cciraiKinlv 
Iniii,  ai'.d   call 
thi'  iihial  way 
the  part  wliiel 
liable  to  be  frc 

"  In  fonie 
a  haril\'  biul,  i 
able  to  rty  :  at 
on  their  loadt 
trozen  to  dcat 
are  kldom  lii 
tlavs:  thoi'iih 
wiiv.er,  that  f 
fliritii  )us  lion 
by  die  I'l-kl  In 

'•  Wiien  \h 
o,  boi'.r,,     v,M 


J  I. IS  vait  conr 

cept  t'jv/ards  tik  ^ 

i.iiiii,  liioiiofcd  £ 

i:ow  caik-d  the  .  ^  ,  , 

•1-1  n  ■  lo  as    I')  Irie.: 

1  i'.e  iivilt  CO  ■  '  I    I 

kufii..   and,  i>  I  tl"mvn.«  the  . 

"  ■  ^  no/(  n  into  a  I 

nea:-40r:v.rs(  ■  Dnrin-  the  oj 

lb;ne   of  t:..,,>  I  i";^  towards  th 

double  ti.a-nn/  fl  "r  an  meh  and 

t.illization.      1 

'r''l,'""_  ■  iiiarkable,  aiid 

lio'.M-  aiKl  a  li 
af.');i:  a  tei-eii 
a.j  llron!^  and 


fv,r   fr„i,f„r.,  ■  ice,  thouf.n    I 

inic  iir.o  a  kiiai 

No. 


r.uiiori'.i 


G  r^  V.  AT       R  U  S  -S  I  A. 


€<:<) 


not  (ituling  tlie  (l)iith  part  nf  it  f)  n:ivi[;:i!)lf  as  he 
viiln-.i,  cii  lul  a  iiimI  lo  bf  ilnfr,  by  wl;ii  li  lur  liitli 
oivii'il  a  comiiV.iiiii  .iciciM  wiili  I'iii.T!l)iir{:.  '1  liis  l.il.c 
pruiiucca  gic.it  c|iiiuuii;i's  and  v.iricry  «t'  Hfli;  lucii  as 
lalmon,  fturj<ci>ii,  ami  a  [u-ciilisr  kinil  ot  tilli,  cllcl 
Ijiiiig,  of  tl>c  li>«-  of  a  hcmni;,  b 't  ot' a  rinir  talk- ; 
t'to.u  wliich  llu'  lake  ij  liicyxjiul  t«  have  bad  its 
uanir. 

That  of  Oncg;a  li's  alinut  5'>  miles  call  ward  of  tbc 
hlv  ijf  l..a'li!ga.  It  If.  aiunit  4  j  I'.o^nrs  ;ii  1  ■ii[;ili,  and 
iS  in  bri-uddi :  thniigii  ab^.frtih  water,  fi.;Js  arc  often 
livn  ill  it. 

Tiie  Like  of  I'll,  i!s,  in  I.ivonia,  is  nearly  ^4  leagues 
in  knijdi,  ami  uiA.ii.t'i  (,fi:in  b.iaJtli.  It  aboiiivii 
with  full,  an!  iiiiis  into  t!ic  gulpti  of  !■  inland. 

From  tlw  iiiruiii;';  tAtent  a  tiiis  v.ill  country,  it 
may  naturally  be  comb  ded,  tliat  tlvcre  is  a  propor- 
tiiir.ablf  liivcrfi'V  of  climate  and  iuil.  In  the  loiithtrn 
parts,  llu-  lonf'cit  day  diHS  not  exceed  fifteen  hours  ii,d 
X'-  liall';  whereas,  it'  tiie  moil  iioithcin,  tiic  bin  is  Icen 
in  fiiniiiiei  two  tv.or.ilii  above  tl>c  horizon.  'I  liis  brint?; 
lb::  i.'.fc,  the  exrienies,  both  of  liimaie  and  loil,  nmil 
be  fi-cn  ar.d  felt  111  ti'.i^  extiiifive  ef.ipire. 

i'o  tnible  the  rc.idir  to  tonn  at,  iiiva  of  thf  riffnir 
of  t!u'  ccid  fealo",  ue  citf  ih-j  (ollov.inii;  relaiion 
of  a  lute  inj^cnioiis  and  learned  writer,  who  rcli:  tl 
in  this  cou.';try  feveral  years.  "  It  isalmofl  diHiciilt  for 
tin  inhabitant  "f  our  temperate  ciimate  (meaning 
tiiat  of  laK'laml)  to  have  any  ii'.'' i  of  a  cold  lo  j^reat. 
It  may,  ]5(rha[)s,  Ir  Ip  to  give  fo:  re  n-tionofit  tore- 
late,  tint  when  a  ]<il"i  1  walks  t.u;  i;i  tliat  fvcrc  wca- 
ilior,  tl."  cold  mik'-s  tiie  ryes  v.if.r,  and  that  water 
fiee/in;^,  ba'u;s  in  bttle  icicles  on  the  eyeldlics.  As 
tlie  co.iimoii  pi'aliitvs  ufually  wear  tlv.ir  lieards,  you 
may  lie  them  iianj-'in;^  at  the  chin  itl.t.-  a  folf.i  lump  of 
iic  1  \\t,  by  the  way,  the  advanta.jc  of  the  Ivard, 
even  in  that  Itate,  to  protect  the  glands  of  the  throa', 
is  worth  obr<rva:ionj  for  the  fok:ii.rs  who  do  not  wcu" 
tiicir  beard',  are  oblipcil  to  li'-  a  h.itulkiH.biet  under 
their  cl'.in  to  fuiiply  their  pliic.  broiu  this  accoiint 
ir  may  be  eafily  iica'^ined,  ti.at  the  pairs  of  the  fice 
wliich  aie  e.-ipof.il  are  very  liable  to  Ik  i''ro/en  j  and  it 
may  fe.-m  Ihai  ;:<■,  tiiou^^h  aceita::)  fart,  th.U  th_-  party 
hiii'.lill  diM  s  not  know  when  the  frtc/in;-;  btj^MUs,  but 
is  commonly  told  of  it  iirll  by  fomelWy  wiio  lut  itb 
him,  and  call,,  out  to  him  to  ruli  his  f.ice  with  Inow, 
the  iifual  way  to  thaw  it.  It  is  alio  rciniikable,  thac 
the  part  wlf.ch  has  oncebctn  tiir,-,'.:i,  is  cv.r  after  moil 
liable  to  be  frozen  a^ain, 

"  III  fome  fevere  winter:,  I  have  feen  fj  arrows,  tho' 
ahartiv  biul,<piite  nuivbed  by  the  intenle  cold,  ami  un- 
able to  tly  :  and  I  have  heard  that  the  drivers,  who  lit 
on  their  loaiicil  i  arriarres,  have  fomctimes  been  toiiiul 
frozen  to  lieath  in  that  pofture.  The  featbns,  however, 
are  teldom  U>  ll-veie,  and  that  feverity  kills  bur  a  lew 
(lavs:  t!ioi'|>h  it  is  not  unfrecim  ,it,  in  the  courle  of  a 
winter,  that  fome  i>  )or  wretciies,  j^ettin:;;  drunk  with 
f|iritu  uis  liuiiors,  f.dl  down  by  the  ro.ul  I'lde,  and  perilb 
by  ihf  c<.|d  [iclbre  any  one  lutd-.  tlieni. 

'•   W'b.en  '.he  t'lermometer  has  Hood  ar  25  ikjj.  below 
o,  boil.ii:'  v,-.;re;',  tiirown  up  it. to  the  air  by  an  eiviine. 


drv, 


foriiieil    into 


for  tlie  expcrimenr,  wcic  ilir  common  bof tics,  in  wliitli 
there  h.'.ij  been  lavender  water. 

"  It  may  not  be  foreifrn  to  tliefe  inftances  to  nicniion 
.an  ex|>erim(nt  made  by  piince  OrhdV,  m.ller  of  the 
ordnance  to  her  !inprr<al  Majedy,  wliich  I  had  from 
him,  thoiifj,  1  was  not  a  witncfs  of  it  mjfelf.  1  !e 
filled  a  bomb-lliell  with  water,  and  then  flopped  the 
hole  v-ry  clofely  wi  h  a  p!u;;;  and  .as  foon  as  the  ron- 


^'.■|,,t. 


'an,    tlie    cont-nts    of  the  flull    fwelling, 


lo  as   to  h'tead.,  f..lls  dov'n  peri 

I.e.  I  h..' e  made  an  exj.e. iai^;,:  i;c.".ily  l.ke  thi.,  by 
throwing  the  water  out  of  a  window,  two  pairofltairs 
high.  A  pint  bottle  of  eommoti  water  1  have  found 
frozen  into  a  (olid  I'itce  ofiie  m  an  hour  and  a  quarter. 
Durinj.";  the  opeia'ioii,  I  have  oljferved  the  /^.v.vA;  lie- 
in;;  towards  the  e:.ti.rior  part  ol  lie'  water,  fud  an  inch, 
or  an  inch  and  a  iialfloni;,  vviiere  tlicy  (oim  the  chryf- 
t.illizaticn.  'rill?  j^re.it  lenj^h  of  tliefe  fpicula  is  re- 
niark.ible,  ai'.d  \ct:\i:-.  to  be  c.iuled  by  the  inter.f.-nefs  of 
the  cold.  A  bottle  of  llroii;^.  ale  has  h.'eti  tro'.:en  in  an 
hour  and  a  lulf;  but  in  this  I'ubl'ai-c.-  there  is  always 
iibour  atei-cup  full  in  tiie  i-.-.i  ie.ie  u,.:r'.;ze!i,  which  i^ 
a.s  IboniT  and  inllaiiim.ilile  as  uiandy,  or  fpirirs  ot 
w;ne.  1  n  ver  law  giiod  bra.i.'.y  "r  rum  freeze  to  foiid 
ice.  thoirf'ii   I    have  iein  ice  ve^v  thin  in  botli,   w'len 


iiuc  iir.o  a  Imail  li  ir  pl.i  il. 
No.  Ot. 


Tl 


IM.ial 


I 


ulc  ot 


iliird  out  by  the  tkle  of  the  |)Iu;t  like  a  fiiiidl  fountain. 
I  le  th't)  made  a  Ic  lew  to  faflen  up  tlie  hole  of  the 
bomb  lliell  after  it  was  filled  v.  iih  w.iter,  ar.d  in  so 
minutes  the  froft  buill  the  Ihell  with  foiiv  de;',ree  of 
violtnce,  to  that  IbiiV"  of  the  piecTS  flew  to  the  dif- 
tani  ei.'i'foiir  or  live  vird.s. 

"  llio'  the  cold  is  thus  inti"nfe  for  fl)  p;reat  a  part  of 
the  year,  the  liiiall  f'uiimer  is  very  hot ;  and  iniked, 
ai)out  fix  werks  of  it  is  ii'ually  intolerable." 

Tl-.e  writer  lill  i|uoted  oblirve^,  that,  ro  balitxc 
th^  long  abfenee  of  die  fun  in  the  winter  leafon,  they 
enjoy  h'-re  a  larr;c  (bare  of  his  inlliirnce  in  the  luni- 
iiur,  wliich  eanlcs  ve;'etati';n  to  be  ixeeidif.gly  q'lii.k  ; 
oriierv.ife  the  lliorttK  1^  of  t!.e  i'eafon  would  not  li.iTiee 
for  the  n''ceir,iry  buniufs  of  lbwin;j:  thi- 1  aal,  for  thu 
grov.tli  ot  the  c'TH,  and  tor  radierini',  it  in. 

.Some  prions  dteiii  the  li^ht  nights  in  fummer  an 
agreeable  circui'.;n;;::ce,  and  thelb  are  veiy  ren1:ilk,!blc• 
even  in  the  latitude  ol  I'cterdnirpr,  which'  is  in  (>  ile- 
j.',rees.  '1  his  ariles  not  only  liotn  t!ie  fun's  beinir  io  iTiort 
a  :i  lie  under  the  horizon,  but  fnan  the  llroiMi;  leil-  ^1  ion 
of  tlie  .itmofphcre,  wlmh  CiiulVs  (o  i^'reat  a  brifrhn-.els, 
one  may  lee  to  read  and  wiite  at  ir.iJr.iLjlK,  unlels  it  be 
(i  ai'.ly,  for  full  t>.\o  months. 

The  ibil  ot  k'tliia  is  rather  more  vai-iuis  tli.tn  tlie 
climate.  'l"he  Ibutlvin  provinces  produce  wheat,  bar- 
ley, rye,  oat-,  |Ha'-,  .'.nci  herb'-,  v/ith  various  kinds  of 
fruit;  and  all  thelewith  a  vegetation  fo  uncommonly 
expeditious,  that  lorn  is  connponly  reaped  in  two 
months  after  it  begip.s  to  appear  ab:.ve  tiie  fuifaee  of 
tire  [Mound.  This  is  attribiired  to  the  fnow,  uii'cii  not 
oidy  enriches  ami  me  Hows  llie  land,  bat  die  ili;  •,  .u.d 
•aeiterstiieprud.uil  of  it,  and  nv.kes  it  take  ikeperroot. 

—When  i:i;',h  Jove  liis  fliirp  artiii'ry  t'onr.f. 
And  upcs  his  eioudy  niaj^azine  e.f  llorms. 
In  wintei's  bleak  tincomtbrtable  rei^n, 
A  Ihov.  y  inundation  liides  the  pl.iin  : 
1  Ic  llill>  the  winds,  and  bid-,  the  (kies  to  Hecp, 
Then  [icurs  the  liicii';  tempcft  thick  ar.d  deep"; 
And,  Hrll,  the  mountain  tops  aie  cover'ii  o'er, 
'1  hell  the  green  lield.-,  and  thin  the  fandy  Ihorc; 
Heiu  with  the  weight  the  nodiling  woods  arc  fccn, 
And  one  bri,;i,t  wa^le  hiiles  all  the  wajiks  of  men : 
'1  he  tiieliiij^  leas  alo:;e,  ablbrbif.g  all, 
Drink  the  dilVolving  llecces  as  tluy  fall. 

Th-  fowing  time,  in  many  parts,  nuill  tullow  the 
harveil  inimeili.irely  ;  bccaufe  the  lliiiiiiur  not  lattin^ 
ab^ive  three  iiaiiuhs,  tlieie  can  be  no  linving  alter  the 
I'roll  i-i  begun.  i5>it  in  more  mcd' rate  cliaies  they  d,) 
not  low  till  April  ov  May,  and  thin  their  reapii.tr  time 
comes  in  Auriill  .uid  lonietimes  in  July-  As  for  ni:i. 
pure,  ihey  h.ive  no  nted  iA  any,  the  Inow  lup|)lyinp 
that  in  every  reljiecl.  Uefides  grain  and  fruits  of'  vari- 
ous forts  the  country  prcdiiees  plenty  of  rhubarb,  llax, 
iKirp,  gocd  pallure  for  cattle,  honey,  wax,  ficc. 

I  he  afionilliing  quantity  of  nnilkiooms  produced 
Ipontaneoiilly  in  Kullia,  are  a  great  bklling  and  relief 
to  the  poor;  wl.iie,  at  the  lame  time,  they  are  d<  em- 
ed  delicacies  at  the  tables  of  the  rich  and  luxurious. 
It  has  been  known,  that  above  a  thoulami  wagf;on 
lo.uli  of  iv.ullirooms  have  bv.cn  aiiiuialiy  told  at  Muf- 
cow. 

Agiiciilture  was  hut  lirt'e  undeillood  in  thit  couturv 
till  the  time  ol  Pefr  ti'.e  (iirat,  who  brought  h:.>  lib'- 
ieCts  in  lome  nvalire  b  •■ler  acquainted  with  ir.  The- 
1  iiiui|  ;il  articles  in  a  Kiillian  farm  are  wax  and  honey, 
which  fometimis  pr;  d.ccc  to  the  peafaiic  a  competency, 
i>  CI  as 


'  1 

If! 


il 


4iS 


i^ 


A 


1l 


n 


l!i, 


#*    ' 


<'7J 


\FAV  ANH  AUTii'.'.NTic  sYsiTM  ..,  i:mvi.:; ;ai,  c.:-.o:.ua:'IIV. 


as  li'-  KI'<  iI.i"  V  iv,  ;!'vl  I'Dnif  ofiin;  lion;-.',  ai, !  iii.\l;'  s  i 
11  <!')  iHiiic  >liiii'v  ti('  'ill-  uil.  riii«  ilnii!*  14  .>  IviiKl  lit  I 
iivtir  ;i;i,  I..  .1  t'l  K'  llioii.',  aiul  wiy  p.i!.ra'i!(.'.  T'l;  ! 
Kill'; 111  mtt'ii.' i  (i!  i'vi,-ii;;ii.;  l)i-c-Iiiws  u  ,\;  lulli'V,  .;  tlic  1 
jiv.il  int  I'lrs  I'.D.Ml  .1  IM",  i'.\\->  tlii;  trun'.^  ilUa  iivi 'V  | 
ji.:ii>,  li'llov,  '.'d:  |.(.i^»,  iiKii  r.iips  up  Cii«*  t':;t:.ir.:  •  | 
iu>,  .iHil  li.  ;.■  ;..i.i;l  iioli.>  iiito  tiu  Ii.kI/  liir  li-  ,i.l- I 
lu.tr.i.ii'  c;  l.u'  l)i-<i  tlu'll  tiv  lit't'-liivL- ii  Hi.  il.-,  ;iik1  , 
llic  liiiii.'v  r.i'.iu'.l  t"ru;u  ,ili  I'X  Mt  xk->  »if  tlu-  heir,; 
v.lui  ,s  1-.4I.. >i.ii  ly  I'.iiiil  of  ir,  .iiil  tnct  ,\  v.  lii-'v  "i  i 
rNpTi.n  III-,  .uiil  iU"aL.ir;c  ii'",  lo  m.ilvC  liiinlVitiii.iiUr  «i! 
tiic  ;.,  .i-t  ti.  ,i;';iiL-. 

Till'  rw  '.<■■:■■  IvTvcs  nnr  onlv  t'i>r  hriMiI,  h'lt  a  llr<m;^ 
fpiiif.iiib  li  _u  :i- is  cxtr.uLt\i  lioiii  \',  whuli  tlic  Uul- 
liiiii  p.i-.iT  ID  l-r.ii'.Iy. 

riu'  wil.l  Lifiiia  III  tlii.-.  ci'Miirry  aif  iiuii'i  tlic  I'liv 
as  tlr  t  ■  ill  L.i^iii;>!,  Nurw.iv,  Swftlfii,  ^jc.  luili  as 
ri-iii  ii  '1,  ti)\i  .,  mariiii-,  li.iU',  li.ii^,  uiniius,  lal)li-', 
•iiul  I'-l  ';.!.>.  Ill  ilii-  1,'iit'ii-fii  I  loviiu'cs  ail'  !):\.: 
lil.u-'.  c.itilk-,  iMiul>,  lir.il  lioriVs,  f^oaiN,  llioi-p,  vC 


I.     I     V     C)     N     I     A. 

'^'IIAT  p.irt  of  XiilVi  i...'.u\  l.ivoii'.i,  is  lo'in.'i'J 
f  <m  till-  nottli  lv;  till-  p  'ipli  >  I  Imii;i:iJ,  i  ii  t  .i- 
:i)ii;li  liv  tlic  (!i';hy  c.t'  Cc>Mrl.i!.t  ami  LiiluianM,  <iii  t:n- 
sMll  liy  t'lc  Riilpli  i>rHi|!;i,  a. Ill  on  tlu"  lail  by   liiL'tia. 

■|  l,,s  ]r(jv.i.>,-  IS  ..a;.,ir...'!y  l:ni..tnl  tiir  iM.ii.nrrcc, 
liavii.;.;  tin- Ua  uii  llir  P'Ttli  .iiul  ».ttl,  lilt-  jMvac  lak-- 
I'll]  us  nil  (hi;  c.ill,  ami  till-  iiviT  l)v. ma  on  tiu'  linirh. 
lliiii-  otiuT  inuTi.al  lal;cs,  ai.il  ni.ir.y  l.iiall  rivi-ij,  li.'u-. 
'■it'  !:ii..ilv  nmtnli'.i'i-  ii>  tin"  avUaiit.ipc  dI' th's  jirii. 
viiui-,  by  taiiiiiac:ii['  ilic  iiiiaiul  ii.;vi;ri  icii.  I.ivuni-, 
troin  iioitii  to  I'outli,  is  i  jo  null's  in  U'ni;;h)  aiui  troiu 
lall  HI  Will,  wlii'ic  broadcil,  il^out  no  miles. 

I  .ivDiiia,  tliinipli  i'>itri-:'.iflv  iii.n  lliy  in  Id.ui'  plai'c., 
is,  in  puiiial,  Vi  ry  bf.uitiliil,  plciv.itully  prndiicin;; 
lii'iiiVi  I'oin,  iMtili',  paliurc  [.'imiiiJs,  ^:i', 

I'lH'  I  .i\<)ni.ins,  al"  iif  tlie  iw.ll'tli  i-fDtury,  witc  iii- 
volviil  l:i  I'agan  luiKillitMiis  1  .inil\siiii  ri.'l|.i-i.t  to  tlu  tr 


l'.;i'  vs   u'i-  '  .I'.p^r  .1  \)'.i!i.!>  *i  li  ji  lultry,  sm1,!-IjwI,     uiaiiin  is,  \\c:i'  rfrui.-;  ms  ami  lava^c  t  >  a  j^aat  i!c;mv, 


ga'Hi',  hii-.-'  1''  \i.K  ■ ,  4 


'I'hi'V  ^>l•re  biou  'it  m  i.:nb..ii.c  C'lu  .Iti.iii:  y  by  t'lcir 


I'lu'  iu:;Iti,:\  ;..a-.  u:  i!ii-'  v.- 1  iMMiirry  ati'  iilriitifii!-  'j  rii.'l,.  ./Ui  .  tlic  C 
iv  li/'iirr.!  V.  i.!!  v.;  .  "j:.  !.i.ii!>  el  n;ii,  bv  mi'mh.  ot  t..i- ,|  i  ins  i;ih' i-miiit.  y  Kali  I'lrcrnati-Iy  bci-n  ravai'CiI  I-y 
U'v  ■!  li  r..ij  f.  ir  ■  .1.11,  (o  ;',.  11,  ai\.illa'.  iMU'irnu- j.  r!i- Ut-r.i-atis,  Kmi'in-,  I'uliJ,  a::il  Swi-ilvn.  In  i;;  ..i, 
ab'.-'  l.'.k-,  :ivii  ,  wvulits,  ivt-.  Till..-  p:i.i;!i'.'  if.i- |!  i-,v  tin-  tic.:ty  oi  i.).iv  i,  it  v,as  fr,ti,-;'lv'  iv-,',..l  ra  tlic- 
nu'ii  i' ip'.'.    '..  i>  I).  :.il:ii' n,  i;.  ur,  p  !m',  Ku;    ron,  a  .il      '-.wuli^,   v.  hu  kciH  p(i::'v-l'i''ii  ot  it  till  the  b' ".iniiiiv^  ui' 

< '111- prtl'ijt  Cfiifiv,  V. '.ill,  i'!.i:'in;»  tii  •  w.i;,j  i;l  Cli.iil.'s 
Ml.  tl.c  Rur'.uii  t'.ibiliiu!  tl.c  V, imlc  iliKcliv  of  I  i. 
'  v,)".:.i,  ;.s  will  as  Iiitm;  ami  lll'.v  were  au.iwa.r.i 
I  I  r.iMir.-ii  to  Kiif;!;*  bv  ilir  tuaty  iil  N>!Kult. 
j  ill-  iiativ'.' p''.i;.i!.ts  (I  J.i.  OHM  ail'  i-'l  ItiCii,' coii'.li- 
]  r'.tioi/-.,  anil  I'.i  lo  i;,iU-i;o  liai^lliiiis ;  but  cvm  at  tliii 
'  :i;iif  ii-tiiii  j'l.r.t    ynt  fi   lli' .i'  uifi'itv.     .As  Urvx  of 


bi'hi :  \  ^\li     I  l-it  ti'  i>  a  hi'iri;  liili,  oi'^.i!  iic  lo.v  ;Iil-  b.  li 
c.ivi  ic  I  ir.  .■'■■■. 

'l '.:  Liiii.i.^-'^ 'i'. .If  I..i:iln-s  iniui;'iHT,-!)V'  i;i!i  ;1-.  in 
till-  iaul-,  \:--\ ■■'■'.'.  ,  loivi!.,  ;;c.  ai-il  t'.t-y  an',  i:i  In-.l, 
v.ry  ti'".  b!.  i'' 1  I'  ila"ii  ;!ioiit  t.ic  wl-.oli.' iMip.iv.     .''imh- 

;.;t-     ,'1  ,•  1  ■..:•,'  ;:•   V.   t'l    ill  ■'.'.■   ill  till'   llOrlluTIl  Clll.!'!  i.  s    !>!' 

l.i!:.;-  i  an.l  Hill  I  ^  a,i' !.)  iii'p  Tl'iit  ;.s  not  to  li  ivf  u'- 

rc'::-.  .  '.  li  ii'.',  "V  at  L.ul  to  li  ivi-  b''i-ii  .ui'.  v'l^l    lo  .ny  !i  tin  ir    ii-|\'iiiui.iis,    r-.:|",-rni'.:i^;v ,    .'..'ij  [-(.•mli.iiitu-.-,    aic 

piii.i  il.-- ;V^  ...s  i  Ur,  in  t.i    l.i,ii;i.,,' iron.;.-,   \vc;;^;y!.  m,- :;1.  ibli',   \vi- Ihail  i .  ..il>  tlj^ir. 

:'  V.  1,1  n  a  lotiiitiy  n.-i,"\v  n  ni,  sapnl  out  of  anot'icr 
,  \'..  .'  •  ,  li;-  ;;i  ;'si;n  iioi  :.i\'. .!.  to  li  u'l  lUl',  l>  ii  h  T  bi'liii.J 
;  li:;n,  ir.il  ii'.al'wts  li,  t  m  bi.i.f  |i.  a  \vi;!i  ih.  ii.'.ht  li.iiui. 
i!  Ii.'.ui  in  li'>  Itiiivl  .1  r.iv'.i  1 1  !i  .It  l'  ; 'p,  wi.i  If  I.L- jiuts 
j.:j'.,CC  't  b'.i!-i  in.':  :  \-,  v.;.;,:i  Ik-  ;.  -rs  to  llliil  wliO 
1  !■  ;'n.S  till'  Wicklt  tlllH  ;ii  V.  i.iili  111'  Is  f)  p.ifs.  15;  iijrc 
i  li::ii  liiiis  a  iiiini  ih'i  [!■')'•'  uponth-  b.ippij  f,  a.i  aiio 
i  ;..,.  ofl.i  f;:;r.,\,  \  ,.,  I..'.v:r.:'  n.'.lw  il  lwou'.>  iii  ilvir 
Ui.llh  I'lir.u:-;!-.  \Mt!i  vi-rv  r'lli  miius  (ff.lvi-r,  iron,  l|  ■:■•'•!•'!■.  j.'i^c  tivo  l>;.  i.is  a,i.,!s  t!.i-  iloor  of  tin:  lun.lc 

n-..t  K.v.l.     ■i'hc  tvo  f.n;i,T  n /t.'.is  l-.ivt  lv,-n  an-  .1\  ji  ^■'■'ii'   i-'i"  nv;;:.'.  i-   ;.t)  bt-  o  i-.U.'iini.;tu!,  am!  tlu-n 

v.c  ll-.iil  li'-tv.-  in;:n;on  if.  _  \ 

l^i.ui  il  of  till-  \i.i'\    v.i'.iK-    of   all  mt-tais,   it  Iv'n;; 
Iv.'.-.vv,  liv;.!,  an  1  i'. 'n'.^  tin-  Ii.iikI  with  a  bl.'c'.silli  rol our.  | 
h   V  .Kls  littlf  o|-   no   I  nir.i,  anil   nii'lts  ipiiiklv  in  tin  ■ 
iitL'  l-l'oix-  it  tnrm  n-il.     I'iire  li-ail  is  r.-lilmi  tonnil  m  ■ 


lay  \s:i.'.  u\\... 

'I  :,'•  i!.t  in:nnr:'  v.!;h  !,,  ■.:■',:':.■  f.  f  i;  v,uriti'i!, 
.'\",i!  mullul  I- f,;:nn,s  ..-  in  umh;  s  .:i-i-  |.>.  iiM; 
'111  i\',  wli-ii    lu-\  torn  rh,- ■;! -Il  ■,   t'u'  ;  w..'..     ^ 
Si'n-.i- iM.ii',  .'.'.d  y.  I  iin';n:niM,  i.itiu':  knj; 
Sliort  of  tlu-ir  li-iibs,  aLim-  i  n;  !■  Wi  bliili, 
<.>ni-  h.'.li'allv.',  ;■.:■..'.  i.ni-  o;  1;::1.:;>  i-.i:::;. 


'!kv  till  nil  till-  ]i.  .!■  •  I'lit-  oi'tli.'  lvoi>ls  iniu  a  b',.ini 
ivirti-.c  brilt:.'"(-  ,.,';.  ill-; -I,  v.lniii  is  lio.-ii-  to  pifvcnt 
.1  .'n--,  \\li...i,  i,,i  .  I.'  ,  .■■I- I  'ir.innn  in  tli.it  (oiiniry. 
It  I:  to  til-.-  l.m..-  cii  1  Ili..t  rl.i-  I'lii.li-  Ic.ittcis  lit  Ic  p  i-rcs 
(.1  rlotli,  or  i\ii  I..;  •,  ly  I  v..iv,  tip.  i:;allv  wlit-le 
lioi'^-wa- .1  ivict,  1.1. ir  iiolk',  .iinl  upon  tlu- |-'i avis  o(' 
hull- I  i:. ill. I  n,  i!i..l  \.';l;-i:t  b.-|!.;;  :,  v.iu'r.i  tlii-y  bury 
in  I'.L-  l;i:i,li  v.,ivs.  .''i  .  I. .all  a  viil  over  lier  f.;;  i'  winli: 
il:i-  is  at  !!ii-  1 1  lii ,  \\i.  Ji  is  no:  ion;';  lor  ;'s  toon  al- 

\ik1  l.aiic:inM-s  .-.  :.'n  it  !'.;'.■.-.•.  I' >"  .i- of  a  !  .i'.; -n  ii-.n.   'I 'i''""' ■"*''•"■' I.'' --^   'i' '>'- ''"'^^">  ''"-"  n'arr;<-tl  coujili*  inb 

i-t   up,  .nnl 
.I'.ii'i!  ilr.inii 


IS  i-:.tr.\.'.i-.i    trom    ores    oi    i! 
,1,.'.     I,',,..    V.!!, 


tlic    :i..:-. 

kintl^ ;   i"i'   .:  '.    1  !iii-t.i.-.t-s   bl.iik,  li'.u;-,  yillow,  or   i 

an  .'.fn  I  il  iir.     Ir   ;s   •.c.'\  c!  lli;n;ii|?  loini-i.-   p, 


.1  it  wt. 


■  )  iioms  a:t.-r  iln. 


i-iir  i-i''.our,  coiilLilin'^   oi   lii-i  re  1  iiiv  ile.-,   tii  r  1;;-   n; 

a  ■.•;:;-■  or  reiWnli  li-^no.      hie   o-i-  of  k-a  1   alnio.i  .:!-  'i  ■''■■  bioupl.t  ;o  li:  ilov  !i  a:  ila-  t,;;.|r. 


V.  a\-  ■  Ml 


,n:.n.",^  a '.  r.all  onantirv  of  ii!\er. 


.•.A..  i:...Mit  ti.l    l:,  ;i  mix-  .i-  t..LV  are  .ib.e  lo  |;.im1  nu 


\\  Ken  tin:  ,  ;■-;  I   il.-.-like,  are  r.iix  ,1  v.  i'li  a-.  .- li   e,r      i'"  !'  N  Hny   l-'y  '"./.mi  .  ii  tnc  i.oor,   in.it   i.up  ..,;  to. 
',..1.  I  .;  .i:  ,  or  .lie  .  liv  uv.r.-.'.  lirie   a: -1  tn  U'  ^^  -i  Ji  r,'!'-''  i-'   '•'  ''■'■'■ny  l*^-!:-^- 

...1.    ..V.  .,frh,-   -.■,v.   ir   '-..x   (1  "1  r:-r  rn  -.■  ,•  m- II        ll.e\  bi  1;.  ve  til.  o"  1 ,  .,:;o;l,-r  Lie  aft>r  tl,  -,   bur  i' ,  V 


the  :.,nu-,  If  :.  a  I;  ''i  t!..'.t  i, 

I    1-    •     iri-i.'-n  or  I'-ul.       1  h^  ;neeiri;al  ore   I's  v  :v'j  in  .i.;.r.;  u.;. ,  .1    it  ,:e   verv  v,:;!'k-.     A    L'.o:,-,i;i  s.,;- 

r.;ve  .   I   .r  \..wn  \:  is  tm.n.!,   it  ;'.  varii-Mt  ,!  wiin  a  \-\-  !|  '<'':i  Lieiiii;  |  relent  at  her  hulb.imi's  bnii.,:,   pn.s  a  n  i- 

i..„    !i   ;■   ;n  eol...ir,  .ni.'  1- nn-tranli-.  nenr.     It  is  like- I  -■"■  ■»■'•'   liiieiil  ir.to  the  !'r,.vi-,  ..ivi;  ;'  il;.-,  re.,:   n  \r 

V  i:.  I  -...v,  b  It  i:'  t  li.ir.l ;  anil  one  liun  h  .!   v.iiiiii:  of  I  '' ,  t!"!-  !i'- i'  htitb  im!  bein-  ;..  u  -.    ;,   in  li.e  i.'tii.-r  m. ,;!,:, 


It  ■>■'.•.      ,  oin  "  .  to  ;•' 
w  h.te  .;;,'!  .;f;:  i  ol  .in 


J\.!.': 


iun.ls  ol   1  .el.      1  lieie   is  a:;.) 
■.ul  I  re,  but  r.  :>  u;ie.j:n:iUM'. 

(•    r  1  O  .\    •!!. 


F 


O!'.    llie  f;k-  of  o',ii-r,  V.I-  fiall  treat  of  the  f  v-ral 


.iris    ol    rns  enii'.n-   nmr 


foil 


nvinn;   i!r.inii 


ili\  ii;o:i 


\  1/.   1  .r.oni.i   am 


1  liT-ria  ;     Tvlofi  iivv  i'loper, 


.r  \V 


cilern  K'lma  ; 


il'  111  ,\loleov\ ,   or 


li.in  L  -.iil.iiu 


.suva  /  iir. 


I'll   pel  Ions  (.;   lan!;,   Ilie  u.;-.  ..iii.i.i.ul  li;   ll.uiiM   be 
lei-i  '.-.  ;ih  W'.i,  elothi  >  r.n-. 

li.'  V  aic,  in  ;.,  Ill  i.il,  Ini.itu.itil  with  noti'.  I'.  ('■'  li-r- 
ceiv,  wf.ieii  le  li  tin  in  lo  the  bei.e:  and  pr.i  'kl  .,f  t::,: 
"■i,.;..  I'i  abl  iid;i:i  s. 

/V.  l'.>v  .-.'e  i'n'il'oiii  ill  il.iir  I'npei  '  :r;f:>,  li'  aie 
iliiv  ii.i  lli.  IX.    ;  ;:i  rlie  olil.r..u.on  oi   lii-.i   eiilb)::isj 

.'Oj  '-r..!,!!-   |.i  \\'.:\    h   V    •   h  .s  e  .1   V.  I\'    I  ':   ifli.t    !'lOI  V  f.-W- 


;ii;'  .11  o..;  eujiili  V  li  i.ow. 


.■111"  eoiKleumeil 


r.iiir.oi,,  i;:(,i.,  ,i|  lo  ,  .mer  ii.n  tiice  to  '>-  pr, 

.1    lor  i;.i;i  lo  i;^    .;1.  ;i  t    n  ..i;i    tii.-  ['rou,!  I    to    i. 


l".iiii!h;!  Jtr 


t:;e 


/ 


j'itvi-.'r 
ililll,  .11  ' 
l-ll  l..tl> . 
\yiK:;  1 
(or  Ins  (■. 

!1  v.-  I'  )W 

I.e  a;t  -  ' 
V.-;   el;   i. 
iW',    ,    jii 
}'rou:!il,  rt'i 
lie  I  !,.i:.on. 

I   le  p 
aiiv  p'licii.i 
<imIv  I'.)  i: 
til  .fl.l.iiie 
in  I'li'-e  p; 

j;n)  ill'l,    li) 
l-.-cri-tlv    lb!, 
otlie    lilillr, 
the  liip.,  a-i 
t  .  !  1!)  .1  y 
wi:h  .1  flit. I 
li!--Si    (f;i-i 
i.uk  ill  •'.'■ 
the  ll-lb." 

.Nor  are  i' 
finii  .IS  it  il 
l;o;;i  tlie;i; 

•lilp.i.ir,  o:  V 
pe.ifmt,  pii 
uvans  v;li,-rel 
le.i  his  svif 
nex".  i!.;v  t  >  t' 
Urii'u  h  s  in  . 
ami  I.)  per-ei 
v.;s  ll'.e  1  .iiile. 
l-.i\-oni,i  is  1 
Letten. 

I''.'  |-o\'l  \    i  1 

(;■  i,:.-o;,i.i. 

Uevel,    th.- 
i:i   p.irt  (  n   til 
e.'ncli  t'.i  re  i. 
l.nt-'.if  Den  i' 
v:-:i  .N.itva  .-.n 
ilie    Ten  .1,1  e  ■ 
I'M. lie   .id. 11  :: 
I'o  -  n-,  .mil  -.1 
isf.),     ul'-l    1 
Ke.el  t  )  N  irv 
in  1711,   v.'Ii  11 
;i  -  .  :i  111:  11  il  1 
t;  -.     period  ili. 
I'l   oji  Iriiee 
V.  ,  ;  fv.  -.erl.- 
I  .  -  "I  .•';;!  I  inl 
I.  '  .   e  1  , 

N.n-.  a  is  Iif. 

J  .IVOllM  f-.lhl  I 

mar  1 1,   k.-i  :  i 
t/n-ofMa.e.i 
i;  •  1!  V  I  ■  I  irr.l 
.\.  i.ne  1-;;  - 
a.-ieniu  ol    i:.i; 
(::ivsli,)r-)i!' 
V.  lei   wv'.e   ;.:: 
(■  .111  '  (iie,r'-  .';.t 
h..',  I)  .il  f)  he 
le  to  liv  f  ,T,   I 
hi';-,   .iP.,1  111:    r. 
I-  11  ,,  -".ee,   \. ;  h 
I;    :  : .  v.eie  e;i'. 
\-;  ell   v.'.ae  i.  . 
"'  :  :;:■  -,    ;!   lUlil 
v.:  ; ,-  !,  ei-i.il  !ir 
\.a'.  le.'r  expor 
a   vi-i!   1)1"  lid    I 
e.  .IS  b,.rdeie.l  v. 


J  ::\  r^ 


li  :  1 


1    \. 

I.iviiii'.i,  is  I  o>.ir,,'i\! 

I  I   l-iiil '.:i.!,  '  fi  t  ,1- 

I  i   l.iil\ii.n:  I,  1111  ilii- 

tlu-  till   l)y     lllL'M.l, 

II. Jul  to,-  c.i.ii.iirrk;!', 
vntl,  tlu-  !V.it  la'.- 
l)v. ma  on  liii'  Uuiti;. 
.-.i.y  l...i;l  rivi-is  li!;i-- 
v.iiit.i['c  ol'  th"i  pro- 
i.ivim.icii.  l.ivuni', 
III  Iv-nfjih  s  aiut  troiu 
It  110  miles. 
II lliy  in  loiiR"  p!.u-i'-, 
)lciv,it'ully  prodiMivr. 
iiJ".,  ^:l■. 

fill  fr;uuiy,  WiTr  '.;^  - 
1  with  w'.y.xi  t>)  til.  •.!■ 
(i-  t )  .1  t^a-.it  i!f;'ri'.'. 
;  C'lii.lli.ui:  y  I'V  t'v--:r 

:ily  been  r.U.ij'i'u  !'V 
III  Swfiics.  ill  I"  .', 
er,:i:i'!v  iwl.-.i  t.>  i'.a- 
t  till  the  L"  •■iniiin;;  di 
;  til  ■  w  ,i;  .  cl  C';i.i,!  's 
V. r,>)!v."  liti.cliv  di'  1 ,1- 
lll'.v   were    Ji.-iw.i.i'.i 

Ot    Nsll.Kif. 
I  .lU-  t;l    ItiCil,.^  Ci'IlHl- 
llipN ;   luiC  fVill  M  tlii-. 
lii'iitv.     As  lii:;'.i'  ot 

•.:ui  ['t.-i.iil!.iiitii.-.-,   iiH." 

i  .\  '.' a]  out  of  iir!''t!.;T 

:/'!  ii.r,  I.  ib  li.T  licliii  d 

I  vv',;!i  iIk    ri.'.lit  h.iml. 

I'     ;  p,  w;.(  if  l.i'  puts 

w  :    -IS   to  liiiii   wlio 

K-  is  V)  p.i!'s.     IJ-  i>)rc 

1  tlv  hitipij  I",  a-.  ;ui() 

i.;l.  il  lwi.u'>   111   ill'  ir 

I-  iloor  ol   llic   IiolIc 

ri'uni.uu!,  .uui   tlu-ii 

Iv  ol>Is  l;U()  a  I)'  -i,U 
;i  l.>  tivi.'ic  lo  pu  vent 
;n,::i  ill  til  It  c.oiiiury, 
V  IcUCfis  lit  !c  p  iTcs 
',-,   il,i.  c:.i"v  wlu'ie 

lui    il|H)ll  thf  I'l.lVfb  <)l 

,  \vli>-r,i  tia-y  Imiy 
jii  liver  licf  1.^'  !■  wliile 
I'M'  •;  lor  .'s  loon  .il- 
|j  iraiTii'i!  couplf  ii'e 
■r  lin..'  :  1 1  up,  .iiiil 
iMr.  I  ;.,%:i'n  I'r.u.iv 
LiL-  .ili'c  io  l:.'.'.il  no 

L,     ;ua1     ilu'l     .,:i    10- 


,ifr.  r  ili-,  bur  i'  .■'- 

A    1  .:■.  I'.'.'.iii   \.r.- 

l)iii;..',   p-.i.s  .1  11  i- 

\:  '.\    In".    IC.,1    !1    VT 

iK  li.i-  otiur  u,ii!,!, 
l,.,i,ul  h;  ll.uu'.a  bc 


vv'.!'\  noiit  II    (•'  L-T- 
,;1  p'M  'Kt  ■. :  tin: 

ll'iipi  1.' itir::- ,    li'  .iiv: 

|l    oi    lil'.  .1    CUllolils  ; 

1  '■,   si'A.t    !lolV  li'l!- 

iM'f  I  niuli-iliin.  J,  I-  r 

i;  iiu:-  li)  !'  ■  pii'- 

l;i.-   ifroiM  I    lo    I.-- 

tlii;'!, -■!.-.!   i,M,k 


t    t.   »»V  'i    . ..  ' 


(.  !i  r.  *.  r   u  i;  s 


in;  his  i!icr;'ni,l  n-",  !r.v!n':  l*i  f.r  intc 
r  Mil  .|  "'iim(h  •«■!  t  I'lnii'ti 


It, 111,  a>  til  t  Ik 

i\i  i:iti«  a  o.  ■■  ■ 
p.' nc'.-,  Iv  t  1 
tor  li;s  pai*,  I' 

11  :v  I'  iwlt'.  ,    I. 


iir.  I  ol 

rr  t.ii'  l.(  r  li. 


,in  olv'  11  .'.I' 


11 


11    o 


,r!:.   ...;.;   !,,,!,    lil.r 

CO',!  not  i:;;/'.  i'lc- 


liifiT  'I-.f  III.   jri.  Hi  til"  r'.'i.trv  I 


!,!•  :i.t  •  f.t,   l"l'  \v.>   n-.i'v   ro  rcc  ivc 


tlv  cii.ujt: 


ni.'iit 


lii.s  p;,  .!•,(•■.  lor:.  li  .!  iv  r  'I'.o'i  .'it  miu  li  to  un 


I' 


r'.i.tli.'.,    In!    lii'iitMf 


liooii     til 


'I'OUl 


v!,  aiul  ri'i>  i\- i!  tin- blows  iuc.ii.i  •;  co  li.s  toii- 


IW  i  i;.r.o;i, 

I      IC     p'   op'; 

niiv  p'lTcliaK' 


T.r  ■••■r  "'r'l'il  fn  ni.i 


to  |.K-VinC  til'/i;-  Il 

.1 


i  1 ',  r.K-v  Ii.ivi.- 
(irilv  1'.)  mini)  rr.iir.il  to  r,i.i:i:i-;' .1,  v.:ll  iili'iiil  tn-'iii   :i 

I 


'ii  .iLLiiiC'-'.      ^  I',    til' V  will  vfii'iiif  ti  cut  (I  iwn  'vori 


in  1  I 


pi 


.irrs  o'   1. 


dl> 


.m-l  invii"','  nti-nir  .1  r.i  ■ 


(r;0.ill'l,    tow   WllMt   in   II,    VSiUCll  llll'V 


11  ;>  I  ■  to  II  ■ 


Ivcri'tK'  liiM.     \'<.\  il   nifV  an 


t.ik- 
Iri;)  tl 


•I    ri   II 


(.the  r.uilt,   til  y    o.:';i'  tll;  lU  I 

llir  liii'-,  an. I  t.i  ii.'  ('o-.vi  inon  ilii- (^  o'l  i 


!  to  .1  [•  ..t,  v.:.:;-. 

h  .1  I  vit.'li,  or  il- 


oil'.-  ol   t.irir  coiir.u,  :.  Ii  , 
!!v  \v...i!,  till  tlv'.'.  .1  I'V 


.\>  II  t  > 


'II  ..li 


(I  •I'Cl.ul',-  w'l  :i    til'  :i   t   0   III 


tl'. 


tllli." 
Nor  an-  tlu-v  i' 


t)  h. 


:n  till  c:i.-  1...  it    I.  ti'i.ii 


v."  anv  nioni'v 


i!(  li-cnil'i!  to  tl'.-  tier.     Tl:  -ir 


tl:.in  t' V  (I. 


an 

v- 1  lit'  ii.i-ii-  r 


II   t  rhf/  thit'v  ov.i    tf: 


Ibon  .is  ir  is  kn  j  .n  .'i  ■ 


a  r-,  iIr'm-  I'i 


.111  I.':  w  .:v  ola'll  tlr.vcs  r  i  I.'  |i 
,'!i   ti;   -v    1.  I!'!'  lie  I    a   I.I   i  •.  II 


int.) 


1  «.;  t 


I.  >;.!  ta.ai 

(lil|i.!i:-,  ot  w  ,;i' 

pi-.ifint,  piL-ll'.-.l 

11V  .ms  v,-li',-i-fb-.'  Il  ■  llvul.l  iiii,.ir.:i,i  ill,  t'l  i.ilv,  linn', 

iri   iiis  will*  aiul  1  l.iii.lii-11.       I'mc  (ilfii-fr  c  > 'liu  t  lii  ■ 

rivX'.  ilav  t.)  "'.-•  Ii.niji-,  I'litikin''  to  ri-  •■-ivc  t)K-  ni.nv  v. 


llrui-k  11  s  iic.i  I  .1  ■  iiu 
ami  r.)  pi-icfivi-.i  III-,- 
V.  .■.'.  ilie  I  auk-. 


till-   III  I  I'S   tt'l-t  'll.lC  W.l,  il.l  ;  i|H  I 

nilt-r.ibl.-  fX(.-tu;uiii  o(  wli.ci  Iv 


.ivoiii.i  is  i.uKln;  I. Ill)  tv.-.i  p"rs,  VI 


LittL-; 


I-'I-.AI 


\  i  >  I'l  ■  nvi  I    p 

1.         I  III-  l-IU'.  t"i-i 


'.iv  .1,   I  I  ■  :i'-')v;n  "i- 


1  -^  aiKl  lo'.v'i . 


w.,  i.ii  arc 


lii-vi-l,   till-  I-  loit.il,  lii.i  r  ■ 


HI  a 


m   r.irt  en   tli:  t'.ei  .ivi 


I   a  ir'Oil'i:..-.ii,  at  t'.t:  to;)  o! 


rt-  1 .  .1 


u:!i  ti: 
i".>ri)f:,  .     I 
:i  .Nai'.-a  .'.;. 


\V. 


till-  II-  .v.! 


'II  :  ii  I  ir,  t>)  ' 


I'll  ..ii  r  .III'  r 


till-   I 


f'l:l..l  \'    .I'.l.ll  -tl'. 


.i-oihiu.'-,   t  )  t.i;' 


K  -v.  .  ..  I-  oiu-  o,    c  1.-  p 

()     |l|-     C.Ml.'l  ll  MCV     III'     t 


I. ill 


I  o.'n-,  and  -.v  I 


J.-i.il 


);i-  i-oiiiiiH-|-i  :.il 


I  <  '■ ), 


■1   I  II-   i\u!.;..;|^  r    n  n  . 


inn.-.'i.i-  ol 


Uc.'.-I  t)  Nirvi,   at  i-.-  hv   ;  ;  lub.lui 
in  171  I,   wli  11 
a"  ill  iiin  it  r 


I  rli- 


K mii'i^  (■  iii[ii.ii-il  ilR-  I  -ii-.u-r,  tlu- 
iiU-  iii'o  t^ie  olil  ci; -'ni-l  J  .ml  (i  v 


tl; 


IKTlllil   lllC    •   i.ue    llltll,    iil    |));i-    l!c.;rri',    Ijl.TClIC 


III     op     illll'l" 
^^   .:    I'r;  lirl 


liniv 


Da 


I 


'Ijl  J:'): 


I'.ll 


ii'uii;i.,;.;c  \i 


'i.i'iiK'.l  iiib,ii)it..ii;s  I'V  tl.'.ir  ii'biti,  ciiitoin 


m.in- 


^,lr^.^  is  lin: 
ivoir.i  r-.ii.i  li 


oil  r.i-'  III-  r  A. 
It  v,i;^  ori'i!' 


wlilr'i  iH'.'i  !•, 


ii  pi><  ••  (I   lill< 


r  I 


.i  no  r.thc:- cfiV(  r- 

I  OS  j    .'■  il   \i  il  n  'livv 

':■   1'^  ..  '■  .:■  .i  1.1  111'    >T.* 


n X-  luiiiii.':   I  I 


^1   '  i.ii  ,  v.IikIi 


w.is  a  lo't  111  kibl.i'.iu- i.ir  i.jr  (•  ij  ii.liiii." 

Ai.  oil  '  o''-.!:r  M.liin!i)i|  .    l'i'<   ■!.i:;(;:i  ,    I 

t!ii.  I  lit  of  I  .ivoni.i  h  .w  a  c  .,  011  i.l  (.lT. 


of   W'liir-.'iillKl.V   ;'.    a    l',-!l;v.:l,    l' 
(if  till' (!t-.vl,     Oil  ti,;    I  -J  i>  II  :!:.- v- 
t'l;-   rliuirli  VmIJ, 
iVld   too  I)  iloiv    , 
li''i  i!i-  liiil   va-:i. 


I.  l--.i    t.)    til.;-    HI:  ■)!  .IV 


i.i.aii  .  I  .-.n  ni,  .: 
I  lid  io\i-|-  I'l-in  V. 


P'l; 


V 


:c'  111 
avis 


'..   ,   C;-.-.        i  Ik* 

•1     tli-i-1   V.  itii 
li'-rs  i:;i  t!,,-  iji 


tiankinri-n:.-;  tin"  rli-rl;  r>llow<,  an 

iitiirts  ibr  ilii-  nil-  ot'  t.-.j  i-Iiiiri-li  i  and  (Ik-  v  ():,ii  11,  Jur- 

i;i;i;  ilii-  wiiol.-  aTiinony,    iii.ibc  the  moll   ilii.i-.il  1 1- 

iinnr.ition-. 


'I'lii-  riv^T  V>-rva,  v.lii  h  ll.i-  s  f,■■l'^^  r!if  1 1 
(I 


u.d  (.inpii,  ,  iti.ij'  111  o  tl 
iti'jiv  rail 
an  i; 


R- 


a  01  I  III  .111  ',  I'i  <  ::c 


.r.i- 


:in  I  near  f.v  )  i.iii.  .  I;  ;  11  t.-.r  i;,y  t  kti-  li 
i  ii-.i  r itaiact,  wli-ili  rii.iics  vi.'lvt'y  c'.iwii  a 
pr.  lipi  c  Ui^li  the  iiioil  trinii'iiilo..!,  noiii.-,  a;;;!  iialh-!i  I'l 
t'lrioiillv    a  .liiilt   ilu"    r..c  :■;,    ti;.;:   a    11  ill    or   v.'pi;-.-!- 


ill  lib'  aliciul-i  (i-om   it, 
fl 


l;l1,      «l!iJl,      Wl,'-!1     till" 


ro..-i;ii  '    l.i.l    oliU. 


iiiis    ur  ,.i    1 


.ji-o.r..i-e3    a 


•  fill  U:vv. 


11. 1-:  il  V.  ;;;i  t 


,'.•  111.) 


tl-  IT  r'.l  .-s -her,  ari.i  ri.-!i-acb- 


I '.lints  ilio  l.iir  rainbow,  cliaiiiiiiur,  tu  the  ll^lit. 

I'.ninv.-,    or    I'. 1111,    wlii.li    b  I'lmj   I'liH;  ,-l-   t.)    flu- 
S.'.eik-s  111  ii'i^,  ,itti  r   it   ha. I   In  en  t.iken  anil   ret.i!;:-ii 


11MIIV  ti    <■ .  Ill  (111-  l.i  ;  I', 


1:1    1710  lu;ri-iK 


•I 


t'-.e  Uiiirnii'i.  Tlvie  is  an  iii.ivi-rli-v  rt'iiiove.l  tl'.:-'i*r 
I-'  ).ii  M.i;  r,  in  the  year  idSj,  bu:  i;  ii  n  k  iiiii.  ii  iVe- 
ipi  .--tli. 

l),:-ii-,  or,  as  the  in'iabinrt.  nil  i",  Dv-riMt,  ar.l  !r/ 


O'l  '   .   ' 


ruj,   1. 


on  t.i.  nver 


n.i)  <  1 


).■  v/v-  II  tlie  l.ii;i-i  1  e;!ni 


.I'ici;  iit  rr 


,1 

Vv'iiir-.;i,  wh'i  il  h  IV  ■  a  I -)  uiun  '  .ti  m  to-.;  .er  ;i-,'  tii  .c 
livt-r.  It  u-  -. .  I'lr.iurl',-  t'li-  f-  ■  I  if. I  b:  bo^i,  a. Ill  ad- iriu-il 
V.  i'.'i  an  univ.-riiry,  \vliii.-ii  li  .s  b.-.n  liiue  reaiov.-l  ti> 
•■"aiii.i.' . 

lii-ie  are   r.-vril  (il!i-.-r   liii'.'l  town".  :  1  r'u-  1!  \r.,-i 
■if  I  ill. I. i.:,    b'f  li)  in^oiuideraiiie,    a;  us.  to  i.eleivo 


in  e.in  :n  r.aiiie. 


1..-  I'liiu  ipil  riti.-s 


•-I  ■■-;i;  i  1  tbi>  parr 


01    t!ii-  ni!)\  , 


(I 


t   I.. 


Ki!ii.i  aie  ,is 


lo-h 


'  1  I-;   ilv  t  li'it.il,   r,')t  cub-  ot 


I 


'11,    Ol't    o 


!'   -M 


I  le  aioli  i-.)ii-i  1  'ri!)!.'  oui:    loi  ti.i.l  -,  ne.-;C 


I'c:.,  lb 


in 


till-   I 


s.'.i  .I'.ii  .1,)  i.;irio;is. 


k 


:.i'.;eoully  tor  c  );ii  nerce, 
I  I  •,   w'iicli,  w;tii  11  lir 


r.-.er  I)-.- 

It   w;v   iiro    I'olind    an. I    U 


■\  .1 


U;:ii-b  ot    eoiii. 


lib!,    b. 


rR"i,    wir.cli  ar-   1  : 


\oi  iiiiC  t'.eli-  1.1--  |:;iiic;p-u  .lie  .1    ii 


tiiiui -r  i.)r  111  i;ts  .uui  o:ii 


piir|).)li. 


(  iii'.ao.iitij 


1  1  tl) 


t.lkcn  !vv- 


C/i;- 
liMb 


■i-Ml-ri'  1'.   :      ■  S\V,  .li 

ire  It,   ill  t,i  ■  veir  1 


c  !■ 


ilii-  fl 


illow.iv^  ■e.i!  I  vu: 


lie.  laiu  o!    ti 
fUvs  I.--;  f)  .' 


.I\i-ii;   :i  ore 


1  h;.l    til 


V.ltil    l.)l 


a   ;.l    ri 


Nl 


(■  .11.  •  oior 


I  !  )  Ill- 


re  I. i.a-  til  .t  I'ar'iiaroii .  Ijilea.io.-  v.hi.  .. 
I  ;.■  il.  ,)  ;  la;-,  .1,   In;    !:>  no  \   ij  rire- 


b.  r 


;eli   v.'ere   r. 


It  w.i>  exi;eii- 


A-iiiie',  or  I'cii-  ili-ai. 


ion  ;  an 


.1   i 


I.IU-     111      t!l   "1' 


I  1\- 


))  rioivi  Ol  t  II-  lirii 


)t  il    '1.1. 1  lil  111   ol    til  -ir  r.i.a 


V.-.  II  .!  i.)  a   I.:e  P'.iaiii-r  ot    p.. 


V.-;  : .'  l.-'/er.il  llr. 
\..v.  le.'r  expi'li 
a   vi-ii    I'l"  led 


.  -  I   ie  .   ■'   ,11    2.  DO   rubli-,    (4-'0l. 
a  lu'a!  •  b  in  :  ,;  ..   6d  )  .iii.l  rouiu!  tii.-ir  u  ck;. 


\  p.i.C  o!  tliur 
r  lit  was  con  e.iie.l 


11  !i-i-,  from  ('111-  iiv--r  r 


i!;:oi'  ill 


at    .r,    11111.  11  p. 


i.oni 
iir.i  a    r 
-i'l  !;li  .1 


tia-  I' 


;r.;iii.-  aii.l  the   1  .)li..i  pro-. 


C'i.i- 


111  aiiil  I' 


li'itun't'.-,  .Old  1 
•lavav  111  viir  v.- 
tlie  l.ui  I   lide,   .. 


v.lii    il  I .  t  :!ir.-.!  lor; 


la    I  .'ii-. 
(,'.;li  IV  u, 
in  1  <^<  :■>. 


m.l  a,.    :a  1:1 


Adi 
K 


1  '.a  is  We. 


|-i;b\  r  I.--,   .1  viiv   I.;; 


I   llr.-iii ;;  eallle  nii  fie  riv, 
1  lit  I  ivoni.i  lel:  'e^.     '1  i 
■    11,  0:1  t!-,;-  I  li.ei-  I'lle  oi 
b.iiib.r,  or  ivubiuir.s. 
ii'i-il  bv  t;ie  !)iia.i:y..-ind  l-'i 


iliJi,  lil-  l)'a;..i!i-.un  'er- 


.,1 


n- 


.s    bel.iw    til-    ci.v,     pi_-.a-   ti..-    111.  u:li   ot'   i'-    i.'ei 
iai,  lis  its  r..i:v.e  ili-i:l.ire;.,   mil  is  a  (■)r-r.l'    a.   ';..;i 


,1   l.ic  r' 


ij.adeie.l  V.  '.'i  .1  p;j!d  I  lej  •.■,;;!i  a  v.ill  brea-.lth,  -.-.-liica  'l  widi.uc  i 
5 


to  t:ie  i-ini;',   .111  I  ii  laip '! -.inc.',  co  •.vii.ukIiih'-  tin-  pall.u'e  la 


I'l;  IrOiii  '.ill-  '■oveniar,  r.J  liiio  can  l'i;l  ta  <.''  r. 

T..W* 


Ih 


il 


6;; 


N'FAV  AND  Airrnr.XTic  ?ystf.ni  cf  i'n.-ivI'I^kM,  crocRAPny. 


% 


,i  i 


I     ' 

i       '. 
f 

I 


I'hc  iiihaliitains  oi"  Ki^a  avo  ;i  frank  Uiml  ol  people,  ji 
an.i  viry  [''iliii.-  to  Hr.iii(^Ts.  'I'lvjy  live  by  tlK-:i-  ii.kK-  ;  |l 
"iiivlii.lv',',  I',  t'l'ir  p 'licv,  kept  up  iiirhrrro  a  llviM- ui 
lic.'itv.  'I'lKU  fity  i.s  govcnu-ii  by  jour  it;ii..illiat.r. ; 
;i;\'.  •.!'.■.  V  'h.'^"-  ;i''i>  •>  d''*-''"^  number  of  c<nir.,L-:r.:r5,  ami 
a  Ivmlu-.  'i  iv.ir  n-.a(^illrat<.s  luvc  a  iilaty  ,ii,r,c;i(.J  lo 
tlu'ii  olln-i'i  .iikl  tluy  arc  IK):  perniittcil  to  traL- eiuriii'; 
t'.uir  raau'illracy,  wliicli,  thoii|\li  cli'ctiVi.",  r.iay  coiiti 
n\ic  as  U.i-.f;  as  tlv.y  live,  jimviJi-d  tiny  plcalc  tlu'ir 
cjiricil.  Tii'-v  lii'^i-'  'i^<'<-"^  po\v,-r  in  t!ic  city;  l)iit  il 
;;;:v  :li:i'.!;  t:;i  y  iu'.vi.-  n')C  \vi\ux  iK'iic  l.icm,  ill.-}'  .\ppcal 
I'.j'.-ii.  r.  I'.ill-.'.ir.';,  ail  ill- ;UL.':'.:lv  fret  tin.'  ni.i:j,i!ii  .I'l:- 
;■  -Mice  rev^.-rcd.  1  ^.^'  v.i.n.ii  aie  haiulun-.e,  raiiiiT 
b  lilsv,  but  i)t'  liiif  l'...l'.iics.  I'lio  immaiiiivl  v.ii.mn 
i,u-  lu'pt  ill  !.v''>''  o.vJvi  ;  but.  it  ib  (at:l,  that,  aircr  ir...!- 
r'.i/.c,  iIk-v  '>]:■  :r.!.  |-.:y  a  ;;r.  .:  regaril  t"  challiry.  .1- 
1  i.lns  of  I'l'.. .■.;;.'.■  -irc  vi-r>  \ai!>,  but  ;u  'Iv  laiic  tiiiif  \.  • 
I. to  to  tlio'.e  who  p.iy  them  ru'ped.  M.iiii.iiit-.  \v;v  -, 
and  DtluT  uUe  woiiieii,  arc  to  be  lecii  at  the  d  lor.  c,i 
t.'iiir  1'.  /:i!l's  al.ii  ;'.!'  rh-uufjh  thv  whole  day,  tor  no  other 
r'.albn  than  lo  lee  the  geiilleni.  a  pals  by,  ar..l  i\ee:v" 
ti.'-ir  co:.ip!i;;T;.-.r--.  'I'o  Ihili  a  len-?!!!  is  thi.-.  al)luid 
lu'-iMi  ar.iwd,  J...  die  men  I'. .iraly  cm  I'e  covered 
I  a.  r.-se-.nens  .uid  iher^lore  w.ilk  witii  their  hacs  luuiv-r 
ti.  ir  anils. 

I'll.'  brr'r'"  o',  u'  tl'.e  Uwiii.!  i.<  oac  of  die  moll  liir- 
iiii,:;.!  ',  in  1- •;r^)p.-,  i)ei;i:r  •y.o  p^ '.c -s  in  lenf.rih.  It  ci'H 
lids  ol'  tra.;lVi-iK  beaiiib  ni  ti.i.lK-r  joined  together,  a  .J 
r.lis  o.  I'.-.il.  .villi  ihe  tide.  It  is  aiv.av>  tai'.cn  to  p/.■el•^ 
beti.ie  the  tiull  lets  in,  which  hip;;enb  ir,  N,;vaiiber, 
a;id  put  lip  .is  I'lm  .v-.  the  ice  ii  gene.  Tlie  iiili.,iiitanr--. 
of  tlie  ciiy'ot'  K:y.\  iuelf  arc  about  8ejo  in  miaib.-r,  an. I 
fh-  fiibi'.rbs  I  ontalii  ab(.it  as  many  more,  '1  nice  rml.  s 
belov.  ti'.e  tc'.va,  0:;  tiv.  loutiicin  lide,  is  the  j'lace  whfie 
C:i.i:le-  the  Ml.  lautcd  tile  Sa>:ons,  as  he  h,id  iirll  djne 
til.'  R'liriu-o  bei';.  :  Narva.  A  high  bank  of  fnul  is 
•;o\v  coileJlei,  .Mil  iiolK-lfes  die  ground  where  the  a':tion 
liappened,  under  uhich  are  Itili  frc>[uciiily  ibun/i  ikuih, 
and  hirnan  bones, 

Kokenhaiilen,  or  K.>kenlui\>,  ilood  on  the  riecr 
Dwiiia,  40  ir.ilei  above  R)y;a  to  the  .all.  It  v..i>  ilron.. 
by  its  lltuativin  on  a  I. id,  rather  liian  by  i;  iorti'-k.:uo:is, 
but  \v..s  delcnd.d  by  a  good  cit.ulcl.  Ir  \  a:,  Icai.rly 
rlie  red  leiici-  of  the  arcabilliop  (d"  Ki  ',a.  I'he  Jvadians 
blew  It  up  in  1  701. 

'1  he  other  tov.r..,  in  the  tiiilrid  ol  I.e'.i'.a,  .tre  N'y^n- 
h.iiilea,  .Mar;' ii'ni, /,  Waib^rk,  Se'.vold,  and  Woi  iier, 
'I'iic  lh:ee  former  aic  lortificd  j  the  ti.iCw  l.uier  .u.- 
1.'.  ;,..'.'v  iia'iinlfican':. 


I     N 


R     I 


r'T'^  1  j  1  -",  ;•,  M-t  o^'  RiiiFia  is  1,0  miles  loni:;,  -  5  bioid, 
.>  ,.i  i.i.  >'.i;;;is  in  ...ud'.'.     In  t!  e  wiiinr  ii-Te  .1  0  a 

.,r  i.an.lier  oi'ciki,  v  lueii,  in  tl;e  lu.iini'i ,   Iami  in 
t  .:■  ri\ri-  :i:r\-,  .;nd  a;i-e  cx.ni-foa'.  ::it  )  C..:;'^!:.i, 

i  :.;  C-.-.a:-,   iVler  li.i  vire.'.',  bcin^  d.e.i..j;. .  ..t  opeii- 
1   '     I  I  ■)  ,i;-.;.,:-.:cai!o.i  b  i\.  e.-n  .Vnlian^el   lii  1  ih.'   Bal  ■ 
t:   ,  i  V  ..-(..1  1    j1  the  l;i.;:I)!)  oi  1- inland,  m  ndi:'  to  mi-  , 
I  ■  j'.e  t!i<-  e.,:iH;i.:'  ■  of  ir.s  doaanioiis,  dcieni.hjed  (o 
,;  ..l-.r  iinlili  i.iasier  i.'f  le;;i'ia,   whicii  Iv  .u-i:orir::i;',ly 
1:1. i  in  ihe  b(  ginning  of  this  ccr-.ury,     'i  u  nndi-r  it  an 
1  iii.'pf.i.i  h;a:i:ime  j'ower,  h.    dtteimined  on  ■  ne  o( 
!,.e   ::.  '\    l' -ipciidotis   un.krtakiivia   ih.::   ev   r  w'.is  en- 
tc'i.;  I.'    .!  :  V  huivaii  r.  Ljlinon,  [lie  b.i;l  1...  ,  ih.'  '<:,  j! 
ill'  l''ii,.'..    -,    wli.iii  he  delii!;ne  I   to  ir.  .lit-  11  )C  onl 
t!...  i.'.   •■  a  •  1    !:i''  I.,,   Ii:r  oI  the  v-hoU-  Ruili  ,n  e.iipne, 
i!iL  I      ■■  r  of  !!,..'.•,  ..:  .1  die  pnncip.d  !'..:i  ol  1  i.-  ii.ipe- 
;,'.i  v.  'I'.e:'.;.     It  i    'iiirirt  .1  i)et-v(  en  In,  ;  ;.i  ami  Iin- 
i.;  '.1,   ;ii  .:  :.r:r-.  id."  ',  H'ii.j'  'ukd  bv  ih.:  liver  Niev.i, 
1;,'    '    .     ■.  :,    .   a  lal.  ..■.•.-:    ' '.  d   .'..;',.■.    ..  tail  1  ui;'. 

,\  '  1   ;-,  V.   .  .  '  .... .  v.:    ■  :'.v  ■'.  Ci'-'af.w;.    a   ihr 

1  .  :.  I  .  11.  ■.,:..  .  la:  ■'>''.  ■  •;  't,  "  1  .eai  fi:  n  ',  v.n,', 
a  ple.ai;  '  .1.^.:!  '•<:.  a-  '.  i.a  •  1  \'..;  I'le,-  .1  i^i.ii;'.  ;,..-.  i', 
l::(at  ,  and  p'a.dn  i  ink  la  ,  -..iiiiii  hav.-  rii  11,  a^  In 
<  a  .  I'a  ear,  v.  idi  a  t.e  ;.  •■  aorv  ol  men  I  ill  .d.ve  ,  ,ia  1 
I.  \,  i_  1;  Vi  .  a  .1  lir.'  a!  1. 1'."  ui  aid>  I  I  lia-  N 1  va  rrn  iia.- 
o.  '    .  u:oi'.    'i.'-ii"  ''1-  i.-iies  yn  lac  laitia      i  i.i.  i,.i.i- 


!;;aatien,  aidid  by  lo  many  Vil'ble  oli;eflF,  lii'ls  fo  ti'i'.- 
v-ondroo-  loinukr,  and  beholds,  in  idea,  ihe  tituiiiy  j;c- 
niii.s  cf  feler  yet  jioeelin;^  t.ver  ihe  child  of  liis  own 
p.rc.d.ia"':  aj  and  viewii  jt,  with  a  paiem's  (ondnefs,  its 
iifin;^  I  .I'-iie-  and  Kiiiples.  '1  he  naa  (■>,  on  v.liich  an- 
ci.i,.  ;iii.v  dv.ell;;  will'  I'l  miicli  h'ndr.i  Is,  fnik  on  a 
i(.iap:,ii.  ai  v.itli  this  in  >  .a;..l  m.iii ;  ;aid  ihc  fabliioii.s 
le}.!lkitors  ol  Clietcc  and  l^Vpt  iiever  |)iehniH'tl  to  at- 
tnapt  tl'.e  m!;.',iiri'  transformation  which  ilie  C'.;ar  com- 
I'leied.  ']  he  lolii'Wirs  of  C.idma.s,  of  llicfuis,  ami  of 
Ro!ra  I'"-,  v.e:e  liaan.iud  widi  ihc  f.i'-  e  nrilor  as  their 
le.ider,  lioi  tlu Mi.f.  (Aiies,  (^R  nllians,)  urapt  in  the  nioll 
priiloiiiul  b.iiba.''i!P,  kelinkd  liy  their  illiberal  preju- 
dices i.(;ai  an  1: '.■■.c.'"!!;.- wiih  l''.iiropean  nations,  and 
ei.iu..iiy  the  lk;Ve.  of  liijieilliiion  and  Ion;!;  prclcription, 
v.eie  Ion  ibly  lain  liom  this  nij'ht  of  ij'.iiorancc,  and 
laiiija  lied  t"  accept  ot' ier;ii"mi-i;t  .md  civilization. 

1  i:c  lil.a.d  ca  wlinli  this  fine  city  a:-  been  fo  won- 
dvrlai.v  raikd,  was  nodiiay;  but  a  he.ip  ol'  mud  in  the 
Ihoii  lui  iir.ir  ot  tlule  chmate:.,  and  a  frozen  pool  in 
winti:-,  not  to  be  appioaclied  by  l.ind  but  by  pafiin;:, 
over  v.ild  lorelf.  and  i!n  p  morall'es,  and  li.ul  been  till 
ii".n  '.lie  li.ibit.iiion  ol  bears  .iiul  wolves,  till  it  v.as,  m 
1  ;..' ;,  iaia. tilted  by  above  _';-~o,coo  Riai'.in,  'I'art.ii-, 
I. ilia. k,  evc.  pi..f.i,t-,  wli.iiii  tiie  C'/ar  c  .ilrd  ti'L'edui 
Inim  ..a  coiiieis  ot  his  vail  emjiiie,  loive  near  12c  > 
iiii.e>;  lail  llule  m;aie  a  be.  aaiing  of  dii;.  v.'ork.  lie 
'...a- id  a  a;-,  d  to  bre.ik  iliiou  ,h  forells,  open  ways,  dry 
lip  111  K.i:.,  and  raile  bani.i,  before  he  caiikl  lav  tl.v- 
loLaa.ii.on.  I'he  wliole  w.^s  a  force  upon  iianirc.  .At 
fi  ll  tlie  workii:en  had  iieiiher  luliicieiu  proviii ms,  or 
even  p;cka>a--.,  I'p.uks,  wheel  ban  o.'.s,  planl.s,  or  huts 
toll,,  icer  in  i  yit  ihe  work  went  011  lo  cxpcdilii  ullv, 
lh.it,  111  iive  iiionths,  the  fortrifs  was  railcil ;  ilviu^'h 
earih  thereabouts  was  fo  fcaice,  thai  the  ereatell  pare 
of  the  labourers  carried  it  ai  the  (!  ins  of  their  cloailis, 
or  in  bays  m  de  of  oKI  ra_L' .  .iiul  iivits,  harrows  bein;.; 
dea,  laiknown  to  [';  in.  It  e,  1  Miipiited  full  1  rc,''OJ 
\  I'.lli.  ll  a:  die  pl.i  .  ,  for  die  louatry  had  bern  il -lo- 
i.te  1  bv  war,  aiK,  iiipplii  ■.  liy  l,.:il",^a  1:!,  ■  wae  utteii 
letaa'.;  d  by  contr.iiy  winds.  Tlie  C.'ar  lamfelt' drev,- 
the  man  pl.ai.  \\  ],i|e  die  d  rtrji  was  gt'inp;  on,  the 
i  ily  l);-;_;an  tjraduaay  to  be  iniiit.  1  ie  obli[;ed  n.anv  of 
liie  1  uLii.ty,  meich.mts,  and  tradiTmen,  to  i»o  aiiil  live 
ill' re,  ..ikl  tr.i'ie  ni  Inch  commoiiiiies  as  they  wvie  or- 
vhud.  I'rovi.ior.s  LeiiiL:  Icarfc,  antl  roiiveniencies 
v.,ir.tir:j,  the  place,  at  Iirll,  v,as  not  at  all  .I'.'reeable  to 
p..  i!.a..o,'  d.diiiiiion,  wlioiud  in  Mol'cm.  Iar.';e  build- 
in  i,  .iiiii  iea;>  in  the  couniiy,  with  lilli-ponds,  smi-- 
liea  ,  .la.l  other  rural  ele^.mcics.  Mowaver,  he  l.ttle 
rij',iivted  tae  eoal|,iaintb  of  ihvife  who  only  ccnlideied 
tiirir  own  lale.  'lUi:  bovars  (nobility/  broualu  {rreat 
ri'd.uiis  widi  thiuij  and  merchants  and  fliopkce[)ers 
loan  (laird  tluir  arcouiit  in  I'ettli;;;'  hire.  M.inv 
:'v,,i:e-,  I  lal.iii.iers  a. id  Livoi.ians,  from  towns  neaiie 
d,'.|i(',  III  Heel  by  die  w.ir',  continued  lieie.  yVrtiluai-, 
a  :.!,..:.  ,  .a.d  K.tn.v  11,  vM-r,,- jr,siad  hid.er,  ro  encoii 
lie  fi.ii'paii';  who,  ii,.'.;a:;  worked  oat  the  tia.  ■ 
a  "c.d  ill!  tor  the  C  /.ir,  v.iic  liiiCvl  by  the  bovars;  and 
,i,lo  ha  Ic  for  tlr:iai.iv'  ,  ..\x\  i'cttled  ;  i.u'i  Iran  b;  iia.^ 
.illowid  to  I  luh  en  la.  feat  lie  likul.  In  one  \i..i 
,-',Gau  houlis  weie  ueeud,  an.i,  in  two  or  three  nu'ii . 
vioiible  ihe  number,  which  tloubdefs  are  very  niucii  ai- 
li-.iled  lliii  e.  .Some,  indeed,  but  clliel'y  in  tile  II.Ik)- 
'.;.a,  or  lubarbs,  aie  li'.ean,  and  m.iv  be  taken  to  pieces 
ia  two  or  d.rte  ll  iir\  .ir.d  Lt  up  illiwlieua  I'o  biaid 
lias  t/'.'.a,  dial  01  Nunfchans  (a  llioia..  Iirt  on  lln 
Niev.i,  not  lar  lioai  Nov.bili;;)  w.is  e!  laoliihid  lei 
the  matiiiils,  and  the  inh.ibiaints  i.ai.Acd  liill.i. 
.A',  iic  il. raided  lo  limove  die  ir.di"  "I  .Aieh.'.li' e  1  lo 
I'ltu'l'  liip,  in  17I_;  he  m.ule  ic  '■■  f.a  iii  -.,  i  oiv.e  f.oai 
Xlclei/v. ,  and  ohned  (aeat  .a!  ,11  ;  •■,  lo  all  l'i;e  'a- 
..>  lii.i:  III  .aid  lelii  laeii.  ,  .1:  I  i,  .i.i.,I  t'  .ir  ail  p.".: 
l  III  ■■'■']'  1  ■■  '  to  a  '.  /'  I,  I  '  lie  t'  1  i,  I  a.  t"  111..  1- 
per,  a,..,ail  ne  ll  i.L  ;.;t.,e! ,  aa.l  die  vhai.-  '.abeiiiiser 
leli,'.:  the  1 111,1  .  lilt  :\v  (.mm.  lu,  .s, .  .  wei.'  a.  1 
ij.Ma.i)    riiilovi.l  III!    1  laie  \e,!!s  .lii    r.       la   I     l.^  il  v. 


/  r   - 

ordered  that  all  IiuuUj  lliuulJ  Lie  bulk  oi   uii'.k,  I. 


2 


1 


EUROPE.] 

Tlie  citavli 
fix  ballions  ; 
middlemoll, 
two  ori lions  o 
eaJi  of  the  f 
but  earth  and 
h.ive  them  .if 
ri  iia  lide  wci 
ha.-,  been  can 
1  ho  wall  is  _^ 
»le  all  lined  v 
flanks,  wiiich 
mattes,  one  a 
vitli  beams  , 
the  right  ot' 
royal  ilifpenlil 
ti;y  of  ilrngs 
bcaiitiiul  [lorc 
it  conr.iins. 
with  ftatues,  | 
mafic  keys,  .; 
witji  the  glol: 
bi  low  is  the  t 
tii.it  gate  is  a 
two  draw-bri 
[il.ue  gallies  a 
V(  atlitr. 

The  ac.ulei 
malti[)licity  < 
I  eiles  lettres 
i^  a  fu|)erb  pil 
fill  Cllpal.l  in  t 
is  a  ;;ood  lilir. 
ti.il  (-•iniol'iUe  . 
ri)i:s  oblerve 
tanned  and  lii 
ever  fiiw.  1 1 
ot  I'll  eciics  m 
leather  w.is  li^ 
finals  iIk-  Ik 
I,.  ,  'Ie',  aid  b 
f  .a  (i.e.lt  ulev 
fif  the  unt'ortii 
1  .'It  il  iiir  hav! 
tell  ,  aii.l  till 
lie..r  :  01  in  R 
the  eliltirets  C 
her  .wciited. 
up  '11  himlelf  t 
c.'pp.e  I  and  in 
'I  lie  face  is  tin 
ii  n  •!  h,.,:cr,  a 
t  r.il  litiation. 
t  1  V.  tiel." 

lie  fides  the 
of  t.irtlis,   toll 
r.ik,    ilk  IK,   n 
fiaaire  ot  I'l  le 
haa      lie  tits  I 
a  blue  fiiit  ol  i 
byhlstidt,     I 
and  t.ie  lijj'ire 
jiliii.d,  an     nr 
I'eU  :■  tae  (: 
nipea  I   It   of 
['lofellors,    till 
liicc'-jiion   to  ( 
to  tlie  interetl 
I'l  1'  1  ihurg 
lii'iy  \e,irs.      .■> 
mil  I  'intain  fi 
allert  that    the 
cxa{:!:tratioii. 
and  w.iter.      I 
loii;^!,,  and   wit 
others  are   |'l.i 
are   immenki) 
exceed  in  li,-.e 
No.  d: 


""IIY. 

olijcflf,  lius  to  til'.- 
iiit'.i,  tlif  titii!  11  y  ce- 
llo.' diild  of  Ills  own 
[laiciii's  f'Ji'.Jiitb,  i;s 

■  ir.'.  •  t ''  on  v.liicli  aii- 
li'inliuls,  fink  on  ;i 
in  ;  ;inil  sIk-  f.ilniious 
liver  pii'liiiiu'd  to  ;U- 
".vliiih  ilu-  (J'/.ar  coin- 
B,  ol  1  ill. Tills,  anil  of 
X  1.1 :  ^'  ;irilor  as  tlicir 
.ins,)v.r.;pt  in  the  molt 

ilitii   iiiibcral  prcju- 

tirop'.  ;'.;>.  n:'.tioiis,  and 
ir.ii  lon;^  prclcription, 
'lit  <'('  ij'jioraiu.tr,  and 

.iiu!  civilizu'ion. 

I'.iv  a-  Iv.tn  lo  won- 
a  liiap  ol'  iiu)d  in  the 
and  a  frozen   pool  in 

■  l.iTid  hut  by  imGii'p; 
iVf.s,  and  had  bein  till 
wolves,  till  it  was,  in 
,coo  Riui'.in,  Tartar, 
ic  Czar  c  ,lli-d  togedur 
piir,  Ibire  near  i:c.) 
ig  of  ihi..  work.  1  le 
)ItIIs,  (ipiii  ways,  dry 
tijri-  ill-  lould  lay  ti.>- 
live  iiimn  iiaroi<'.  .Al 
lii'i'ient  pi'ovili  'lis,  or 
lo'.s,  [ilanl'.s,  or  luits 
r  oil  lo  enpedilii  ullv, 
I',  v.. IS  raiiitl  •,  ih'iUf.^h 
tli.il  the  i^reatell  pare 
(1  iri.s  ol'  rheir  clo.ii.lis, 

,d  ni;its,  h.irrows  being 
'oiiipiited  i'ull  1  rc,"OJ 
oiintry  hail  been  il  ■io- 

„:d";;a  1  ;:    ■  '.V'l  i'    utteil 

"I'x  C/ar  iiunreir  divv.- 

(.Is  WM.-.  iV'inp;  oil,  ihc 

1  ie  obli^'ed  iv.anv  of 

.k  rmen,  to  go  and  live 

'.ies  as  tlicy  were  or- 

and    ronveniei'.cies 

not  at  all  af-recible  ui 

Mofc(i\.  l.ir!!;e  btiild- 

V.  ith  rilii-]ioiKls,  i'ar- 

ll.jw:.ver,  he  httle 

■  who  only  conliilcrcd 
ihiiitv/  broii:;lu  {.^reac 
,ints  and  Ihopkeipers 
rittli:;;'    hire.      Many 

ir,  trom  towns  neaiir 
iiiid  licie,  Arti:ui  i  •, 
,1  d  hi'Ler,  ro  eiicoii 
wo:ki-.l  ir:t  the  ti:..  ■ 
ed  by  i:,^'  boyars ;  ar.d 
ttled  ;   1.  ih   H'i'.ll  b;:ii:.^ 

■  hkui.     in  01. e  yi..i 
in  tv*o  or  three  nu'n  , 

I'lels  are  very  nuKJi  :u- 
iit  eliul'.s  in  the  ll.ibo- 
ii'.iv  be  l.iken  to  pieces 
1  cilcwheie.  'I'o  build 
(a  Uioiil;  ("orr  on  iht 
;)  waa  d-  loohlhi  d  let 
ints  r.  iiui\ed  liitl.-i, 
ir.de  "I  .Am  h.;n"(.l  lo 
C  r.  |'.;i  ]]]  ;,  I  (jiv.e  lio.ll 
■.  to  all  I'll'  'ii- 
,  ,1.  1,  .:  :  .'.!  :.il  joei: 
I.e  l.|  I,  i.e.  (M  'lil,,  I- 
r  dii'.i.'  '.  )  lie  in  I  \  vr 
,11.  He,  t\.  .  were  ii.  l 
,!i  r.  I'l  1  '  1  i  it  V. 
!;uiii  oi   Uii'.li,  lile  '•■ 


EUROPF..] 

The  citadel  is  a  long  and  irreyilar  hexagonal,  with 
fix  liafiions  parallel  to  e.-.eli  ./tlier,  except  the  two 
niiiidlemol?,  oi:e  of  which,  oppolite  t.)  Carelia,  ha.s 
twoorillons  or  blinds ;  ih.'.t  over-ai^ainll  t'le  river  none  ; 
each  of  tiie  fiuir  oth.vr:.  oik-.  'I'liey  wire  .ill,  ,it  lirll, 
but  earth  and  turf;  bur,  in  1710,  the  Czar  rel'olved  to 
h.ive  them  all  lined  with  llroi;;.;  v.alls.  Tliofe  on  Ca- 
r:  iia  li.le  were  tir.illied  in  lii>  life-time  ;  and  the  work 
h.i.'.  been  cariied  on  and  coniple.iteil  by  hi,-  luceellbrs. 
The  wall  is  ^;o  fci  t  high  to  tin-  parapit,  and  the  I'aces 
aie  all  lined  witli  large  iron  and  bral:i  gi'Hs.  (^n  the 
liai.ks,  wiiicli  :'re  pretty  lli-irt,  are  t\'.n  rows  ol  caza- 
iliattes,  one  above  another,  arched  over,  and  covered 
vith  beams  and  turf",  bomb-jiro;,!'.  1  he  ciirtai;i  on 
the  right  of'  this  eit.iiKl'.s  gates  h.us  one  of  the  Hneil 
royal  diljietifaries  in  Ivirope,  both  for  tlie  great  tjuan- 
tl;v  of  ilrngs  aii.l  me'.iicines,  and  tlie  large  niniber  of 
beautiful  (lorci  lane  villelsfrom  Ciiinaanil  Japan,  which 
it  conr.iins.  Th.is  citadel  li.is  two  g.ites  ;  o::e  a.ior::ed 
with  ftatues,  ]>  rticul.iTly  .'^t.  I'e'' rv.itli  hi-,  twn  eir.'.jle- 


G  R  i:  AT     R  U  S  .S  I  A. 


m 


atic  k 


ieys. 


,d  on  its  iiiln:.    liie  bl.ii  k  e.iide  '.(   Ri'lli.i, 


below  is  tlie  figuie  ol  the  iiiilli.in  St.  Nicliolas.  Hetiirc 
that  e;ate  is  a  ravelin,  fiom  whence  is  a  bridge,  with 
two  draw-brid;  es  over  .111  ;M:n  ol  the  lU'.r.  I.i  this 
pl.ice  gallies  and  fir., ill  vi  ll';  Ij  ,ire  llieltei  .,!  ,'r.mi  b.ul 
vcather. 

The  academy  eflabliliied  liy  Peter  tlie  ("ne.'.r,  lias  a 
m'.ilti[ilieirv  ol  profeli^rs  in  nrill  Iciince:.,  .ml  the 
lelles  lettre_-,  uho  ii.i\e  hbei  1  l.il.'.rie.^.  The  bull. ling 
i^  a  fu[)erb  pile,  contniiiim  t'.vo  llories,  with  a  In  iiiti- 
Ail  ciipol.i  in  the  niivlille,  an. I  an  oliK- 1  vatoiy.  I  lire 
is  a  gi'od  libr.ue,  and  all  manner  of  n'riir.d  .m  1  .irrili- 
ti.il  ainofitie ..  "  In  one  ot  tiie  galleries,  (l.;ys  a  cu- 
rious oblerver,)  in  a  c.ile,  i-.  tlie  fkin  ol  a  brciiLliin.m 
t.'.nned  and  niifi'ed.  Thi-  h.r,  been  t!ie  t.ilh  ll  ni.m  I 
ever  law.  In  .uiotl'.er  c.ile  i^  hi-.  Iki  leton,  and  .1  p.iir 
ol' In  eclics  made  o!  hi.  «i^  .  Ikin,  alfo  ilreiled.  Tlie 
Itathi  r  w,is  like  bud'.  On  the  b.iltom,  or  p:i\'ement, 
ll  ii.'s  ih./  ikin  of  an  l-.n!!;'iili  eh  liuit  horl'e,  llnired, 
I.,  ,  'Ie  ',  -nd  bridled,  and  beli.le  it  the  Ikeleton.  Pet  r 
t  .-.•  (i.e. It  iifed  ro  tide  this  liorfe.  I  lere  I  law  the  he.id 
of  tl.e  unfortunate  Mil'^  I  l.nnilDn,  a  Swedilh  l.idy,  who 
lilt  ii  fn  ii.iv'.ng  niurdeiid  lier  child  iinl.iwlully  begot- 
ten ,  .111,1  tliii  is  tin  oiilv  murder  of  that  kin.,1  I  ever 
lie..r  ;  i>l  in  Riillii.  I'hi.  l.i.'y  u.i-,  rn.ii.l  ol  Ivinour  to 
the  eiiiprefs  L',ifi:ei iiie.  It  i^  l.iivl  Peter  went  and  law 
her  executed.  1  K  we|u  much,  but  could  nor  prevail 
lij.  Ill  hinilelf  to  p.irdon  her.  I  Ie  caulcvl  her  head  to  be 
c.'pp.e  1  and  iniecled.  'I'he  torehead  i-.  almoll  ompleat. 
'J  kc  face  is  the  moll  be.iitilul  my  eves  evi  r  beheld,  '['he 
</•;/.;  //..i.'f'i',  and  brain,  a,''e  .ill  pri  lerved  in  tlieir  ii.i- 
t'  r.il  fit.iation.  Tiiis  i^  kt  [t  in  fpiiits  in  .1  l.U!;e  ilirvf- 
tlv.  flel." 

Itclides  the  a!)  ive.  lieie  .ire  depofitid  gre:;r  ijiiantities 
of  ea.rths,  foflib,  llones,  oies,  nattir.il  iiiei.ds,  mine- 
ral-, Ihells,  molles,  coral-,  tvc.  In  one  room  is  a 
fiLMiie  ot  Peter  the  (iieat  in  wa.\  work,  .is  l.irge  as  tlie 
11  e.  1  Ie  fits  in  dn  ( Ibow  chair  irof's  legged,  dieflid  i;i 
a  blue  l"it  of  I  l.iaths,  white  liockings,  and  has  a  ii.mg.er 
by  Ills  fide.  I  Ie  li.is  Ihort  bl,icl>  hair,  his  head  covered  ; 
and  till  lijvire  is  fiirroiindeil  by  m,uheiii,iti..!l,  philolo- 
jihii.il,  .111.!  mecliaiiie.il  inllriimeiits. 

Peti  r  tile  tjre.it  alio  firmed  regulations  for  the  ma 
nigeui  !t  ot'  this   Ii  niinary.        Thele    lelerred  ro   the 
jiroteil.irs,    the   fhiilents,    the    rifpectise    Iciences,    the 
iiicc'-lHon   to  offices,    and   other   p.irtieiilars  conducive 
to  the  interelt  of  the  inlliti'tion  in  gene'.il. 

Piiirlhutg  is  ,im.i/ingly  inerealed  in  fize  within  thtfe 
fifty  years.  At  the  death  of  I'etcr  tlie  (jfeat,  it  did 
not  lontain  80, coo  inhafjitanis  i  anil  now  the  Kiiiriaiis 
aflert  that  there  are  5130, cx^o  ;  but  tld-  is  deemed  an 
cxagi-eration.  It  covers  a  very  great  extent  ot  land 
and  \\ater.  The  llieets  arc  limie  of  them  very  bro.ul, 
long,  iiiv.l  svitli  ean.ils  in  the  middle  of  liiem  i  and 
others  are  planted  in  the  Dutch  filhion.  1  he  hoiile.s 
are  inimenleiy  large  The  p.ilues  of  the  nobility 
exceed  ill  li.-.c  thole  ol  lie  ll  citie^.  lliat  ol  the  Mm  ■ 
No.  0:.. 


673 

prefa  is  an  .amazing  (IrtiiTtirc.      But  thefe  are  ra'her 
great  than  beautiiul.      The  li/.e  is  all  that  flrikes ;  and 
the  buildings  are  Ifuck   fo  thick  with  ornaments,   that 
there  is  hardly  any  liich  thing  as  judging  of  their  pro- 
portions.     The  Italian  architecture  is  mixed  with  the 
13utch,   ar.d   the  whole  forms  very  ineleg.mt  piles,   in 
which  true  tafle  is  totally  facrihced   to  a   iirofulion  of 
ornament.     H;it  if  the  eve  does  no:  fcrutinize  into  the 
ji    f'eparate    ji.ir  s    of   the,  biiikliiigs,   but  takes  only  the 
|.   flreets  at   large,  the  city   may   be    f.iiiiy  pronounced  a 
;;   very  fine  one. 

1        Among  tiie    jniblic   buildings   theie   are    many  ex- 
\.   trcmt  ly  worthy  the  attention  of  a  traveller,  p.irti'.iilarly 
1 1    the  dock-y.irds,  the  naval  magazines,  the  aiiirnal,  fbiin- 
I   ilery,  admiralty,   iX'C.   without  inlilHng  on  the  imperial 
!l    palace,  the  cathedr.il,  or  many  cliiirclvs.     In  the  docks 
they  continually  em])loy  a  gre.it  number  of  carpenters. 
Tliey  build  here  all  forts  of  vellils,  f'nnn  fliipsof  1  .'Ogiins 
1    down    to    boats  ;    .ind    the    ni;:iiber   on  the  flocks  at  a 
time  i-,  conliderable.        After    tlie   death   of  Peter   the 
drcat   the  inariiie   was  neg'eiied,   infomuch,  that  the 
j     l'',m[)rel'-.'s  nav.il   llreiigth  w.is   not   e.impiired  to  be   a 
ii'th  |).-.rt  o{'  what  that  great  monarch  polli-ded  ;    .md 
I     this   was   owing   to   want  of   tr.ide,   wliich   can  alone 
make  li.amen  ;  iinlef's  wh.n  in  the  hands  of  fuch  a  man 
as  Peter,  who  created  every   tiling.       But  the  jJiTfent 
I'.mprels,    who  has  tlirown  the  l'[!int  of  tluu  gre.it  mo- 
narch into  all  tlie  departments  ot   the  llate,  has  revived 
it  wonderfully  i    fo   th.'.r,  at  preiijnt,  the  Rulli.'.ns   have 
a  fiirini  l.ible  navy. 

There  i.s  f'carcely  any  thing  at  Peterlbiir.f];  more  de- 
ferving  notice  tli.in  the  tijuiuleiy.  The  iron  i,  brought 
ti'.im  Kexholm  by  water;  and  tl'.e  number  of  cannon 
,ind  inort.irs  that  are  call  here  is  very  great ;  alio  cannon 
b.ills,  and  all  fort-,  of  military  imp.lenients  in  which  iron 
is  ufeil ;  wliich  are  made  here  at  as  I'mall  an  expence  as 
in  Sweden,  nr  any  other  p.irt  oi  the  world.  The  arf'c- 
n.d  ii  alw.ivs  uell  itored  with  them;  and  there  are 
v.ill  ipuntities  made  on  a  private  account  for  exporta- 
tion, lonniiig  a  very  conliJera.ble  branch  of'  com- 
nii  ice. 

'i'iie  gi.md  maiket-pl.ice  is  on  the  fouthernmolt  [larc 
of  tiie  city,  with  many  w.irchoiues,  to  depolit  all  kinds 
■  of  commoihtieu  and  merchanilize,  both  dome'iic  and 
lineign,  for  fale.  It  is  a  l.irge  lipiare,  with  four  en- 
tiles, nnd  .1  range  of'  iliops  on  each  fide,  both  within 
and  witliout,  with  covered  galleries,  to  leciire  thole 
who  fiei]uent  it  from  the  rain. 

Woolen  and  linen  manufiiftories  were  let  up  here, 
of' wliich  the  kitti  r  i,  brought  to  yvcv  [lerf'ectioii,  .'.s  we 
may  obferve  by  the  linen  of  late  i:,  ported  from  thence. 
I  lere  i-,  particularly  a  woikhoiife,  where  an  old  Dutch 
wiim.in  has  So  young  nymphs  under  her  care,  who 
•lie  tauidit,  with  a  whij),  liow  to  handle  the  fpinning- 
V.  h  ll,  .md  feveral  regul.itions  are  made  tor  improving 
tiie  ])lant.itions  of  hemp  and  flax.  Paper-mills,  and 
powder-mills,  have  alfi)  been  creeled,  with  laberato- 
riis  liir  guiimiy  and  Hre-works  ;  a.nd  other  places  for 
p;eju;ilig  f.ilt  petre  and  brimlbnie.  Rope  yards,  like 
thole  in  I''.ngland  and  I  lolland,  fiir  making  of  ea- 
iiles  and  t,ii  kliiig  tiir  the  n.ivy,  are  alio  let  up  iiere, 
.•\  printiiig  houfe  is  eil.ib'ilhed,  ami  news-p.ipers  are 
nov/  as  regularly  printcl  as  in  orlier  countries  of  l*'.ii- 
ropc.  Several  ufi.ful  books  li.ive  been  trantlated  out 
of  the  I  ligli  Dutch,  ,ind  printed  ;  the  government  en- 
couraging tlieir  fubjects  to  enquire  into  the  llate  of  the 
woikl  abrii.ul,  inflead  of'  keeping  tlum  in  ignorance, 
accoi\ling  to  their  ancient  ni.xims.  As  to  their  lilk 
and  wiHihn  ni..niif'.irhires,  they  have  not  been  able 
hitherto  to  bring  them  to  any  degree  of'  perfecHon. 
j  .\t  little  ilill.ince  from  Peterlbiirg  is  a  noole  feii'in.iry 
I  for  tdiicatingfi  males  only,  foiiniled  by  the  late  emprefs 
I'.liz.ibi  th.  'I'he  building  is  c.ipai  ions  and  grand.  Cliil- 
dren  of  dillini'lion  are  ke|it  li  p.irate  trom  thole  of'  an 
inferior  rank;  and  the  whole  contains  betuem  7C0  and 
'    boo  females. 

Near  the  Nieva  is  .1  I'mall  pal.ice,  built  by  the  pre- 
'  lent  l.mprels,  and  called  7'''.  I{i:nnild\u.  When  her 
ji  b  11  iiLijelly 


HI 


m 


I  \  i 


If 
I 


i 


ii 


6/4         A  NFAV,  kOVAl.  avd  Al'THFXTIC  SYSTF.M  or  I'MVl'RSAI.  CironRAI'Il Y, 

rnaicflv  rcfidrs  in  this  part  nt'rlu-  IjuiKlinij;  flie  is  in  re-   '■ 
trf.it,  .iml  there  i^  no  dniwing-rocim  or  court.      'I'hele   , 
ap.irtinents  .ire  very  eleg.mt,   .md  t'.ir:.illied  u'th  ^le.it 
t.ille.    There  are  two  galleries  of  painting';,  wl  ich  have 
been  latelv  pureiialed,  at  an  iniinrnre  eNiK-nee   in  Ftily. 
The  crown,  in  the  p.ilacc  itl'elf,  is  jxrhapb  the  riLhetl  in   ' 
Furope.     It  is  (h.iped  like  a  bonnet,  and  totally  co- 
vered v.ith  dianioniis.     In  the  I'ceptre  is  the  celebrateil   ' 
one  ]nirehaled   iiy  prince  OrloU"  for   500,000  rubles,  ' 
(ii;,50ol.)  anil   prefented   by  iiini   to  his  li)verei;,'n 
mirtret"'..      It  lar  exceeds  I'itr's  diamond  in  fi/.e,  and  is 
not  inferior  in  water.      I.apidaiies  tieclare   it  the  moll 
be.Tutitlil  and  rare  e\er  brought  from  Golcoiida.     One 
of  tlie  nobleft  monuments  of  the  gratitude  and  vene- 
ration unlverfally  paid  to  I'erer  I.  is   tli.u   which   her 
prefent   maicftv  has  ordered   to   be   erected.      It  is  an 
rqufftrian  ilaf.x' .  in  which  produclion  the   arttil  lias 
united  the  grcatell  lim|ilicity  witi.  the  truell  fublimity 
of  conception.     No  other  llatuary,  whether  .:nrii-nt  or 
jnoilern,  gave  him  the  defign,    wiiich  is  lingular  in  its 
kind,  arkl  admirably  a.iapted  to  exprels  the  cliaracter 
of  the  man,  and  of  the  people  over  whom  he  reigned. 
Inftead  of  a  prdellal  adorned  with  infcri[nions  or  fur- 
rounded  by  Haves,   he  appe.irs  mounted  on  a  rock,  or 
i\one  of  a  pro.iigiou.s  (i;:e,  ii])on  the  afcen'  "t  which  the 
hoi'fe  labours,  and  appears  to  h.ive  nearly  reached  its 
limimit.     'i'his  attitude  has  given  him  room  to  exert 
gre.it  anatomical  beauty  and  fkill  in  the  lUMleles  of  tlie 
horl'e's   hinil  jiart-.  and   li.ims,  on  wlii.'h  the  whole  ot' 
liis  body  IS  nccelVarily  liillained.      Tin   C  /.ir's  hgure  is 
full  of  tire  anil  fpirit.   I  le  fits  on  a  b<  .ir  Ikin,  .md  is  cl.id 
in  a  fimple  habit,  not  ch.iraiflerilbc  of  ,uiv  particrl.ir 
countrv,   but  linh  .is  mav  be  worn  without  sioLitpin  ol 
propriety  by  an  iiil'.abitant  of  any  countiy 

About  :o  mills  welV  from  I'iCerllniig  is  the  beau- 
tiful palace  of  Ptterhofl",  ruuaitd  on  :ni  emini  nee,  in 
a  large  garden,  commanding  r  fine  vie-s  and  lunour.d- 
cd  by  many  out-hou!|,>,  otlicrs,  C\:c.  for  ferv.inf-  .uid 
atteiuiants.  It  taies  tlie  l(iir,.ii  and,  in  the  (idiu,  there 
is  a  beauti'ul  canal  of  ckar  ti.mfp.uint  u.iter,  Inuii 
which  tlin-e^';.' ,•",•,;,■■..■  are  fupplied,  and  i  .,;r.lantly  pl.iv. 
When  th'-  I-.mprel's  is  hen  ,  t!ie  guard >  are  encamped  in 
a  part  of  the  garden,  where  their  tents  make  a  very 
agreeable  appear.nn'e.  In  Ipe.iking  ot  one  ol  t!u  le 
jrt  (l',:::is,  a  curious  traveller  lays,  "Out  of' tlie  w.ittr, 
much  to  niv  agreeable  furinize,  arole  .1  d.og  ,u^i\  three 
ducks,  nuuie  of  copper  or  iron,  and,  in  .ippi  ar.uice, 
all  al;\c.  The  dui  ks  flutter  through  tl  e  water  quM.  !;- 
ing,  tlie  di>gs  foil,  lu  after  thetn  b.u  king.  There  is,  in 
a  lutH(  rr,'neo':i  pl.'.sc,  a  charming  tliime  of  chrylhil 
belk,  w!,ic!i  play  by  water.  'I'he  grot'o,  which  is  co- 
vered hi  fore  bvacafcide,  has  two  entrii-s,  one  on  each 
lide.  'I'heentii'  s  .ire  guarJ(  d  bv  llatues,  which,  when 
yoti  are  i;i,  [aivent  aiiv  one  Ironi  getting  out,  till  the 
keeper,  by  turning  a  handle,  jnits  ,1  llop  to  them.  I'hele 
ftatues  evai  u.ite  l"  much  water,  by  conitiing,  and  llioot 
ing  out  of  Hone  pillols  .uid  guns  th.it  tlie  keeper  lai.! 
it  would  overwhelm  any  man.  Helides  the  luriofitii  . 
before  mentioned,  then-  is  a  be.ititit'ul  g.'.ilery  lull  ot' 
the  rinetl  ih'n.i  in  the  worki;  one  end  ni  wliiih  is 
a  fniall  but  commodious  room,  \Mth  a  Ixi!  in  it, 
wi'.ithir  tlie  liiiiMel's  lometimes  retires  to  re]iole 
lurleif 

The  apartments  here  are  all  I'pleniiivl  .iiui  noljlc  fur- 
nillied;  and  .iiiiong  the  [i.iintings  there  are  five  mati  It- 
l(  ts  portraits  ot  the  lovereigns  of  Kuiria,  vi/.  1.  I'eicr 
tin  (ireat.  ..  I'hi-  l.iMiiu.m  \'ill.iger,  whole  virtues 
raileil  her  from  a  cott.ige  to  an  imperial  diadem,  and  to 
(hare  the  bed  of  I'ner  the  dreat.  •).  'I'he  i  ni(jrel', 
Anil.  4.  The  rmprels  i'dizabeih.  5.  The  prrleiit 
reigning  fovert.i;ii. 

-Sijch  was  t|-,e  t'lairid.ition,  and  tuch  is  the  preli  nt 
flate,  of  the  ( It)' of  I'eterlburg,  as  .ippiars  from  the 
nioft  authentu  and  modern  ai  coutiis  we  <(/uld  jiotlibly 
lelett.  The  only  matt  rial  (ircumll.uui  n  l.itive  to  it, 
which  remains  lo  be  meniioii'd,  is  the-  Ircdliil  inuii- 
ilaiion  and  hurricane  which  hap|)eneci  in  1777,  and 
Weie  produdivc  of  the  l'(jlloui.'i<;  t.ilal  <: 


"I    "777. 
ll'tCt',. 


Almolf  all  the  liout'es  in  the  little  ilkinds  i.n  th.e  mout'i 
of  the  Xiev.i  were  demohlhed,  an, I  a  coiiliderabk: 
number  ot' the  inl,abitants  loll. 

The  f  )rfiru;ati')ns  of  this  place  fuft.'.ined  ereat  (!,:- 
mage.  The  ra]>idity  of  the  river  was  bi  yor.d  .ill  con- 
ception: it  cirried  everything  before  it,  ni.il.ing  :t 
mofl  dreadful  liavock,  and  ro.;r:iig  wit.h  a  nolle  n:;C 
calily  to  be  dclci  ibe  1. 

A  poor  man,  wiih  hiswile  and  r\vo  d.uighters,  rrettin:^ 
out  at  .1  window,  wiien  a  gull  of  win. I  blew  down  tho 
Iv  ul'e,  were  all  killed  except  the  m.in,  who  lurviveJ 
three  days. 

:\  poor  young  lady,  in  fixing  a  rope  to  delc-en.i 
bv,  was  killed  hv  tlie  f.illing  of  the  roof  of  another 
houfei  and  two  other  perfons  in  the  iiiid  iioufe  loll  th-ir 
liv'-s. 

'i'he  gre.it  bri.lge  of  pontons  was  totally  borne  av.M\  ; 
and  paper  mills,  (laboratories,  manulai lories,  \-c.  de- 
itiolillic  cl. 

The  dead  body  of  one  of  tiie  liandl'iiTU  fl  women 
was  teen  lloating  on  the  waters.  The  wind  and  I'.n  am 
conveyed  her  to  a  wreck,  on  which  it  was  hoped  flu: 
might  have  lymptoiiis  of  litt ,  bur  a  contiilion  in  her 
Iliad  toon  b.uiitb.ed  every  prot'pect  of  that  kind. 

A  prodigious  number  of  cattle  and  poultry  worede- 
llroyrd,  as  well  as  liortes  ilrowned  in  ihibles.  A  trilv 
of  itinerant  T.irt.'.rs  were  drowned  in  their  tcmpoi.i:'.' 
huts  in  the  country.  In  'lion,  ii'iiii  the  city  and 
neighbouring  Ikit  country  exhibited  a  moll    lioriibir 

An  account  tranl'mitti  d  from  I'errrC'urg  t;>  Lon- 
don, thus  ll.ites  the  p.irtic  ui.irs  of  this  i.al.imitous 
ev(  lit. 

"  An  inundatiin  lia.ppc  ;v.d  h.erc,  more  estenfi\c 
I  del'ruCtiw  tl'.an  ha^i  ever  been  remembered  in 
1  i  le  [  irts.  A  \  ioleiit  liurricane  ot  wind,  at  well- 
I  .ii.-wefl,  which  b  ijan  about  two  o'clock  in  the 
1;  -r'  ing,  railed  t'.e  waters,  in  t!ie  Ihort  time  of  ti)ur 
hi  '  -,  to  tlie  lieighr  ot  tourtecii  Icet  above  the  ordi- 
niiy  I'Vti  111  fne  Ni;\.',  b.'  v.hili  the  wh',>!e  town, 
.!nd  .'.  ■■i:'t  i-Aient  ol'tlic  c.Mi.itry  m  tlie  nii;.  hlHuirhood, 
w,!s  |-,,|. ,.;,,•  (i\i-rllowee!.  The  water  remained  ..bviuC 
li.ilf  an  hour  at  it.  extieme  height;  but  tlie  wind  get- 
ting a  little  to  the  iiortliward  betuien  fix  and  li  s  •  i> 
o'clock,  it  returned,  in  a  very  fliort  time,  to  its  u  i.l 
bntind'.  If  is  impi'il'ible  to  ellimatc,  with  .mv  degree 
ot  ex.ictiiel- ,  the  lots  v.hi.ii  tlie  tl.ite  and  inclividu.ils 
liiflere,!.  I'he  nunibr  of  |  citon.  clro\\;:eel  .rnoicite.l 
to  t'e\'eral  hu;v.!ri-ds.  In  tin-  bell  parts  ot  the  'ov.ii 
manv  houlis  wi  re  u:;roole-d;  .uiil  the  lo!s  I't  livp.ors, 
an.l  otiu  r  p:o\  ilioiis,  in  the  cillus  and  loui  r  apart- 
uu  tu.s.  Were  \ery  great.  In  the  lliops  (wWv  li  are  all 
ill  the  fame  ijiiarter  of  the  town>  gooels  were'  el<  (Iro'.ecl 
to  a  \'ery  coniidir.ilile  .imount.  In  the'  g.ii.lm^  01  the 
till  line  r-p,il,ice,  gre.ir  numbe  is  of  iln  tiiall  in'/s  wi  ip 
bn  ken  or  torn  ii['  by  tije  roots.  The  lower  ikiris  of 
'he-  town,  where  ihc  IimhIi^  ,;ii-  mollly  ol'  uoo.l,  .ir.d 

iiih.ibitid   by  tiie   | n  r  tort  of'  |:coplr,   pnlciitc  I    ;i 

lei  lie  oi  i!el"ol,'.tion  uii;  li  cm  Im  mure  e.iflv  mi,;:Mnccl 
than  dell  I  ihc  d.  M my  ]'e:j"oiis  were  drowred  I'l  tli'-ir 
becks;  and  other-,  who  fought  lor  I'.tety  from  llic  v.  i- 
ters  on  the  roofs  ol  their  lio'ife-,  wi  re  larri'd  liotn 
thence  by  the  vi"k-n.e  ot  tin-  v.uul;  and  thole  who 
efcaped  with  lili',  v.i  re'  leu  eh  llitiiir  >  I  habitations  .uul 
elVecfs.  Cire.it  dam.i"i-  u.is  A'VAr  V  ti  t  i]U.i\  ol'  t!ie  ex- 
ch.uiL'e,  .III  I  '!ir  !  r.'.er  r,l;iga'/.iiii  ■.  ,i;id  warrliouies. 
NuniN'rsol  bark- ,  i.i.ien  with  ihim,  In  ;iip,  gr.iiii,  wood, 
\c.  to  a  \'rry  great  aiiioniu,  wi  n-  lliveel,  funk,  or 
drven  in  pieces  in  the  llrcets  or  tie  I. Is.  .Sever.il  large 
velii-b,  lying  between  tiiis  pl.ice  ,';i.l  L'ronll.idr,  were' 
drivel)  alhorr  into  woods  and  gaidcns.  Mi'iy  of  ihet 
I  ouiitry  houli  1  in  the  in  i;;hlHuirlii><i  I  were  dellroycJ. 
The  village  I  C  itherini  h'ltr,  Mh'.  fim."  others  on  tlie 
lame  io;ill,  were  entirely  iwiy'  .iw.iy,  with  all  the? 
e;irtle,  ;uicl  m.iny  li^'es  ueic  I  iii  I'n n-,  .is  well  .is  011 
the  full-  of  liii  (i.lllc  y  1 'avcii,  N'.liere  the  ground  i'i 
M'ly  low.  I'he  gre.it  bridge  ol  bo.irs  over  the  Nieva. 
isus  c.inied  iway,  .uid  moll  of  ine  bridres  in  the  to'.'.ii, 

txci  pi: 


KURO' 

r-c-'pt  d 
futh    "d 

"  .       c 

tha:  til 
tl-  :_,,c,' 

' '/  5  ■  • 
for  lomi 

^■-   .    ■• 
t...  poor 

"   1  iie 
<'vrr  do 
r-.st.,  r, 
t;  ri.il'c   b 

Afte 
new  ci.y 
ti-.e   buik; 
veniei.t 
cure,    .ill 

Tllolltil    o 
nrw  t.iv.i 

called  Ci 
ot'  Ingria 
thippiniT  1 
The  C'.'ll" 
three  tier 
round  it. 
harbi.',  r  1 
artillery; 
on  the  I'l 
Be  1 1".'!  I 
lioules;  a 
near  the  w 
fort  re ' 
taken  Iroi 

lit        lithe 
N.:'     ,  i 
tori-rcl    ■ 
rivti-       I'll 
i,  j...;ia,  a 
name. 


T 


U-  ill.inJs  in  tiu-  moiitli 
,  ar.,1    ii   i:()nli.l',rabk: 

cc  riifl.iiiH'tl  irrcnt  i!,;- 

r  was  bt  yor.ci  all  con  • 

before  it,  makiiij;  :j 

iiv'  whh  a   noilt-  iiiit 


rw-o  dai::',htfrs,  rj-ctrirvj 

wiikl  hk-\v  tjown  ihc 

If  m,in,  who  liiivivcJ 

I!:;  a  rope  to  diTcfii.l 

the    ronl    (if    an.itluT 

Ik-  iiiiJ  ii;iii!'f  Icll:  tlvir 

as  t'ltally  Uorne  av/.u  ; 
anula>'ti)iii^,  i\"c.   de- 

ir  liandl'inu  II  women 
Tin-  wind  ami  (In  am 
liii  K  it  was  hoptd  ll-iC 
lit  a  contiilioit  in  lur 
ct  lit'  t';.it  kind. 
.■  and  |'o\iltry  wore  de- 
fd  ill  ll,ibk-s.  A  trii'i- 
(\i  ill  thiir  ttiiipoiarv 
,  i")'.!i  t!ic  liiy  an.l 
littd  a  infill    iiuniblr: 

I't'"''!  C'lirLj  ro  I. ou- 
rs  ot    tills    ^alamit!ji:s 

UTi",    m<irc   fxtt'niive 

bri:i    iviiuinbcrcd   in 

nc   of   ui'id,    at  wi-lU 

;   two   ()'( k.A   in    i'k- 

thf  lliort  time  of  lijiir 

n  fcft  abovr  the  ordi- 

ii  h  tin-  wii'^lf   town, 

till-  nci;.  lilHiiirlio!)d, 

at;r  remained  i-.bwut 

imt  tlie  will  1  ''et- 

•twceii  lix  and  It  \  •  !> 

:irt  time,    to  its  I!    ...1 

a;e,   witli  anv  detune 

Ikite  and   in.ti\  id':, if, 

drou  :;ed  .riloirite.i 

parts  of'  the   fov.  n 

the    lol-i  of'  livp.ors, 

IIS  ,\rA  lou(  r  iipan- 

IliDp^  (wWv  h  are  all 

).ivl-,  were  dt  (b'o'.eil 

n  tlie  j.',;ii  Jen>  ol  the 

ill"-  fniell  tn '.-s  v.i  ir 

he  1  iwer  Ikiri-.  of 

iiolllv  of    \\oo.l,   .irui 

pioplr,   pr(  j'rm,   I    ;| 

iinre  e.d'.ly  iinapiiuil 

vie  drowi'cd  i'l  their 

I  itety  troiii  t!ie  v.a- 

•  ,   w(  re  e,'.rri''d  finin 

;;ul ,  and  thofe  who 

I  f  habita'i  mi  aiul 

I'  I,  i-  ijii.n  ol'  t!ie  ex  - 

< '.  aiid   wanhoiif'e',. 

Ii>  nip,  |;raiii,  wood, 

!'•  d  ived,   fink,  or 

liv.     Several  lar;',r 

'.hi  L'ronlLidr,   w  ;  ii* 

lens.     M  I'ly  of'  ihc 

I  were  dellrovi  i. 

Ill,  •  others  on  t.'ie 

auay,    with    ali    ihe 

I'll  re,  as  well  as  on 

Inn-    llie    ground   is 

oafs  over  tlie  N'leva. 

fiidi'es  itl  the  to'.-.  II, 

txci  p': 


EUROT.l 

f-cr-pt  "-hole  ('•■'  tlie  r'-w  'lone 


G  R  E  A  T     Ii  U  S  S  I  A. 


(, 


I  ■) 


'!?v,  (no  pprt  of  w'l'fli 
■  r^   tora  up. 
/  li  ins,  It  appeared, 
i.'!;   Iii::her  tiiaii  in 
,  1  iiid  iiere  in  the  year 
ti.e.'.tre    .vere  (lopped 


H    i 


fllHi.  i"i.i  aiiy  m;.'eri  I  i.l.ii,:,i';;c  ' 

"  .1  ■corvlin,';  t  ^  .u-.n.ru'e  ( 
that  tl.i    •■■"  I.    r  •''•  a  ;  .ot 
tl  •■  uie.T  i'u     i  ri.iii  \..iic',  lia; 
(•/  J  ..     'I  i.i    ,  . .;■•■!  of  'he  eoiii! 

for  t'onie  ti.ne,  on  ,:  eoi:',t  of  this  pulilie  ealainity. 
A"  I.  •-•iiients  \i:  u-  nia„e  to  ;^iv'e  all  poflibk-  relief  to 
t..>  poor  (iilli  reiT. 

"  Tiie  l''an[;ret"s,  v.  ir!i  a  d<  /nee  of  liimani'y  that  will 
ever  do  iviiour  to  her  char.irter,  ordered  the  roval  eot 
Tts  to  i"ie  opened  W  fi'ofe  wlio  h.id  tiiifered  uKjIt  ma 
terially  by  t.'ie  t.;iip  !l." 

After  I'eter  I'le  (iieaf  fi:-,d  l.ii.l  :'--x  foun.latian  of  liis 
new  ei;v  of  IV  u  rlb'iri.',  :M',d  •;iade  tome  proj^ref's  in 
tlie  lniiK:iii;:;s,  he  t!ioti;>,l'.t  it  netefkiiv  to  have  a  con- 
venient harliimr  in  wiiit  h  the  fliipjiii,  ',  iiii'd'.t  ri.le  fe- 
ciire,  an.l  [liteiu-d  upon  the  iPiiid  of  !\etriiiii,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  uiilph  .  f  I'inlu.d.  'I'h'-re  li-  built  a 
new  town  e.'.lie.l  t'ri  iif;  ;.lr,  and  feeiireu  i:  with  a  vallle 
called  Ctoiillot,  litn.iteil  '•:!  a  I' 'id  bank  near  tlie  fi.ie 
of  Iiitrria  fo  that  in  twe  n  tl.''  •  di-  .ui.l  tl;e  to'.vn,  the 
lhi[)l)in;T  n.le  in  a  f  .1;-,  .'  -p,  ,.i  .1  o'rriiodioii.,  h.iibour. 
'I'lie  callle  i'.  luii  :  ii;  l.'.e  '  "-I'l  '  '  a  ro'inJ  tower,  and 
three  tieroi  !!,alleiie^,  v.i,.  ;,ii  ..;l''.ed  v.  ith  eanriMi,  fiir- 
round  it.  In  <:\{i^^  of  ein.'.j'iny,  tiie  p.iers  of  the 
liarb(;'.r  may  be  nuuii.  ■  I  wi-'i  a  lonlidirablc  tr:!in  of 
artillery;  and  two  fiiiaii  fiutu  des  at  prellnt  are  fuu.ited 
on  the  ojipofite  ill.aid. 

B<  i"'i  en  Crontl.i'Ir.uid  ''etei  nitiiih  are  many  ele;»ant 
hoiites;  ^ivA  .''1  .111  ilkm.l  toiiiied  by  the  ri\-er  Ni.-va, 
near  ihe  wi  ;u  i  ,  Kaiiks  'i'tiie  lake  Lailot'i,  is  the  llrong 
fortri. ' .  ruiii  '  aj  f  ri  of  N. '"-ehi.'r,',,  orOrr;";.'!.  It  w.is 
taken  liom  die  S>'x  /esbv  Ceter  ihe  (.iie/it  i:i  the  year 
fo;.  W'itii  letjHCt  r  ■  me  oilier  towns,  Nietifciian  is 
111  lillied.  Jvvaiio;."  rid  is  a  ilr.in!!;  caftle  ojip.olite  to 
>..■■  ,  '"om  wl  ,  ;i,  at  tlie  diiance  of  45  mi!(^,  i',  the 
tiitcivl  ". dporia,  litiiated  on  tiie  banks  of' a  lin.dl 
river  l-'iftten  miles  to  the  north-eal!  of  Iwano.iDrod 
i-,  i...na,  another  l'Jrt|■e!'^,  buiit  on  the  livi  r  of' ilie  I'air.e 
name. 


M  I '  S  C  O  V  ^' 


PROIM-  R,    OR 
K  li  S  .S  1  A. 


vv  i;  S  T  K  u  \ 


I"' 1 11  S  di\ii"ioii  of  I'le  RiifTian  empir-'  contains 
tk.  f  illowingexteniive  proviiuf '■,  wr.'.cliwc  tliall 
arransie  in  tlieir  proper  order. 

Pi.i  ii'iiw,  or  I'Ikow,  was  liinnerly  a  repiiblii',  after 
which  ir  had  the  title  of  duchy.  It  was  at  leiii^th  fiib- 
tliied  by  Iwan  Hafdowit/,  anno  [509.  It  h.itli  a  lake 
ol  its  name,  which  lies  on  the  ronlines  of  Injuria  and 
l.ivonia,  and  empties  irielf  into  the  larper  one  of 
I'eipus  or  Criitldv^w  I'kfkov.,  the  c.ipital,  is  feated 
in  the  mouth  of  the  nvi  r  Muldow,  on  the  rij'ht  hand 
of  th.-'  lake  of  its  name.  It  is  divided  into  four  wards 
or  i]uarters,  each  (if  which  ii  encompallid  with  its  own 
walls;  and  the  whole  is  ilefended  by  a  flout  caflle,  built 
on  a  ivgh  roik.  It  is  a  Kutrian  .irc  hiepifi  o|)al  lie,  .md 
y  eonll.lerable  populous  i  ity.  'Ihe  other  citii-s  of  this 
ttrrito'.y  arc  in(oiilid(  table,  and  not  worth  notice. 

tiRtAT  Novooonoii  \'l;i.iKi,  or,  the  Din  hy  of  No- 
vocoRoi),  is  fitii.iK-  on  the  <  atb  of  I'lelkow,  and  di- 
vided iiirii  five  dilliuis.  It  is  called  Novoi^orod  Ve- 
liki, or  .Sujierior,  to  ililliiis^infb  it  from  the  Interim  or 
Nifo  Novi,j^orod.  '1  lie  chief  produce  is  corn,  tlax, 
hemp,  wax,  honey,  and  leather;  in  all  which  it  diove 
a  lonlider.ible  tralHe,  when  it  was  i;overned  by  its 
own  pii.'ces;  but  lince  it  is  become  under  liibieclion, 
it  is  niucli  ilecayed. 

J'he  eiiy  01  NovoRorod  \'eli';i,  ia|)iral  (jf  this  pro- 
vince, called  by  the  I'ri.uh  Ncvud,  ami  by  the 
Dutih  New  (Jarteii.  is  a  large  and  Cfinliderable  place, 
populous  iiid  well  toititiid.  It  was  toniieily  moie 
Ipaeious,  It  Is  an  arc  lit'illiopric  of  the  KuHi.iii  rite, 
ihc  cathedral,  called  .Santa  Nopliia,  is  lan;e  .ird  beau- 
tiful,  lllouj.di  in  the  aritiipie  tlvle. 

Un  the  vnhtr  lidc  of  the  jucr  is  the  catlle,  which 


line.l  to  the  city  by  a  larr?;? 


ornf: 


many  tl-.ir.il.uids  of  cK-r;ry,  ci::.;e: 


dediiMted    t 
There  i;  an- 
il.iflii',  la- 
temple,    i  a- 
merly  w(  , iiiippe 


:e,  finied  for  tin 
,^.-,  --  -  ,  an.l  (Jthers,  whom 
the  tyrant  of  N')v,)g')n).',  .hi'-',  Iw.'n  Halilowick, 
c.iulcti  to  I  e  rl-.ro'„ii  f'rom  it  iiit.">  tiie  river,  anno  if'Jy. 
The  cattle  i,  the  reiidetice  of  the  \'iavode;  and  near 
unto  it  i,  til  •  ar.hiepill'ipal  pdace,  and  a  monafU-ry, 
the  ;\ir,'.i-ul'iMs  St.  Antony  of  Pidiia. 
her  moiidt'-ry  here,  called  Perunki  Mo- 
ive  been  built  on  the  rums  of  an  ancient 
ad  to  I'eriin,  'ir  the  (.jod  of  tire,  for 
lere,  u;i.ler  the  fiyiire  of  a  tleitv, 
lioldin;^  a  tlrandeib-'lt  in  its  hand.  Mere  are  ali'a 
many  cluir.-li  s  :ind  monalleries. 

Sr.uia,  'irSi.ir.i  i^ufk'.,  or  Old  Ruiri,  is  (ituattd  on 
th.e  oppoiite  fliore  of'  tin-  lake  Ilmen,  whole  outlet  is 
the  ri\(r  I.ovat,  from  the  water  of  which,  the  i:i!ia:>i- 
t.iiits  make  a  confKlerable  quantity  of  fait:  for  txpor- 
tai;-Mi. 

'.'lie  capital  of  this  province  is  tli-  only  place  w  )::hy 
('f  meiuiin,  except  the  town  of  St.  Nicholas,  which  is 
a  1.-  ■•  e  po[)i)lous  pku-e,  fituated  near  the  Wol.;a,  .nd 
celebr.ited  fiir  a  fhitcly  and  f[)acioiis  monaftery,  liedi- 
c  :ted  to  the  faint  from  whom  the  town  iti'clfele fives  its 
name. 

The  Hiici-.y  of  Tw  i.Rr.  i*.  tinall  and  coini)a(^,  but  po- 
pulous .ind  fenrle,  ami  takes  its  name  from  iis  1  apiial 
and  tlu.t  from  t -.e  rivi  r  Twerzi.  Its  chief  lity  is 
■['were,  the  capit.d,  firuate  on  the  continence  of  the 
livers  Tucf/.a  .i,,d  W'olga;  wiiicli  1  ifl  is  by  this  time 
become  f")  wide,  that  th.ey  aie  obli;.;ed  to  crof's  it  in 
terr.'-bo.us.      It  fhm  Is  plcfantly  on  ttic  (idc  of  a  rifinir 


hill,  on  ti'.e  bank  of 
its  name  ,  aiui  is  ;i  1. 
lowing  no  k-fs  tlian  I. 
tee ;  an.'  is  the  (lation  < 
A  Irrle  below-  it,  on 
town  <  ;'  rerl'ick,  'l O: ! 


Twc  17.:'.,  fr.  mi  which  it  hath 
■  -,  ri'ii,  ,ui'i  populous  citv, 
y  ciiici'.is,  and  an  epifcopal 
a  mint. 

ic  I'ime  liver,  fl  inds  the  larfjf'.- 
,  (T   1  .irl'ock,  about  10  miks 


i'.ie  ether  town,  have  nothing 
or  UrsCHAW.     This  pro- 


non!i  liom  'i'\M  n 
wortii  ii'.tice. 

Tlie  Duchy  of  K'/tv 
viiicc  contains  the  foil'iv.ir.  ;  towns. 

R.'ev;'.  t,':e  di  lert,  fo  laikd  hecaiit'e  ruined  aivd  aban-- 
d  .r.e',1,  \.as  the  c.ipir.d,  aiui  flood  on  rhe  wellern  ful*.- 
of  the  |M-(ivincc,  on  ti-.e  foiith-well  of  Velikc-Louki; 
but  h.itli  yiel.led  its  di_t;iiity  to 

R/eva  \'ol')deii;(rlki,  which  is  |deal','.ntly  fituated  on 
t.'ie  Wol;.>;.i,  on  f!ic  eallcrn  lide  of  this  province,  lu  ar 
tlie  I'mall  kike  \\  iilsta,  which  is  one  of  the  liead  fprin_;.i 
of  tli.ir  n\'i  r.  It  i-.  fiid  to  have  been  built  by  [irincc 
\'oloiliiner,  who  made  very  confkK  rable  coiiqiieils  in 
this  ;;n,i  the  neig'ib  nil  ing  |  rovinces.  It  is  but  indil- 
f'ereiitly  built,  but  wt  II  peopled,  and  drives  fbme  lore 
ol'trad.e  in  lump,  tilh,  Cec. 

Toropecky  is  a  I'mall  ;'.eat  town,  [ileafaiitly  lituate.l 
on  a  little  river  that  falk  into  the  D'.vina.  i'lie  other 
towns  contain  nothing  wort'.y  of  n^itice. 

The  Principality  of  BiKi..\,  .orBii-iski,  w.is  formerly 
governed  by  its  own  princes;  .m.l  the  c.  ;  ital,  Hicl.i, 
liliiated  on  the  river  Ul'ca,  which  difcli,irge>  itli  If  in- 
to the  Dwina,  was  a  conlidei.ibk  town,  nil  lubduej 
and  ruined  by  the  czar  Hafifnvit/. 

i'he  l'ro\-ince  of  Smoi  tsisko  lias  been  alti-in.itelv 
tiibdiied  bv  the  Poles  and  Ruflkiiis,  ,iikI  at  length  was 
till. illy  Ceded  to  the  latter  by  treaty,  towards  tin-  con- 
'.  iuli.m  of  the  lall  century,  It  is  watered  by  the  Nieper 
or  B')rilliienes.  I'iie  I.Jid  is  in  general  fU'rile;  but 
the  Ikins  of  the  wild  beafks,  with  which  it  abounds, 
viekl  the  inhabitant;  I'ome  proiit. 

Smolc  nfko,  the  i.ijiit.il,  ami  the  only  plue  that  de- 
feiV(S  mention,  is  agreeably  fituated  .in  the  baiiKs  ot 
the  Nieper,  (u  ar  the  ((mtiiies  ot  I.idiuania.  It  is 
l.irge,  populous,  well  t'oiiilied,  .md  t  it  iio'ies  .ire  to- 
il i.ibly  Well  built.  It  li.i-,  .1  citailcl  .iiid  gariilop  to  de- 
fend if;  wa*onee  a  niitrojidlitan,  ,..,\  is  now  ,'  bi- 
(hop's  lee.  The  liirroiiiuliilg  wooil.  ,irc  l.ii.l  to  pro- 
iliue  the  bell  firs  in  the  Kulli.ui  .lominioiis. 

The  Duchy  ol  Slveri  \  li.id  I'oriiieib  princes  of  it-. 
own,  liH  the  country-  was  lubdiicd  by  the  (.';ar  Bali- 

Ijwu/. 


'  -i 


l!!i 


ih 


6-6         A  NTAV,  UOVAI.  As-n  Al'TIIFXTIC  ?^YSTF.M  nr  UMVF.RS.M.  GEOCRAPIIV 


lo  \it/.     It  .iftvrw.irJs  Icil  into  the  Inn  is  of  Si.i.^irmiiiiil 
III.   kin;^  (■■!    I'lil.iiul,  who  iai'orfior.ui  il  it  with  hiMJo- 
ininioiis  i   liut  it  w.i.s  ;'.t  Iciv^th  finally  ti'dinl  to  l<nlli,i,as 
a  11  I'nilur  of  thi:  aiu'icnt  |\il.\tiiiatc-  of  Sm()l<-nlko, 
'I'liis  proviiiic  hiin  iwattrcvi  liv  thi'  rivrrs  l-iiir,  Do- 


nne ot  whic'i,  (.allct!  l,il-..i'otV,  is  the  common  aHJi'iicc 
of  the  Riilfiaii  nu'iciiaius.  It  h.uli  lar[;e  ami  cxtciifiVf. 
ri)|H--w.!lks,  aii.l  a  fpaiioiis  fiiliti-rraiir  an  nia:ia/inr  ol 
I'owilcr  without  the  w.ills.  On  the  Jeilivityof  tliK 
hilK  and   ahiii;;   the    water    fi-if,   aie    livnal    fj-aeicjus 


iii^a,   ami    Nevin,  i->  fertile  aiul  populous,    \i-t    womlv.     j    houks,  foiue  ol  lliem  4C0  paces  long,  whith  bclor,;: 
In  the  fouiheni  j-ait   tiuii-  is  one  v.ill  extenfiee  lorell, 
w;iii:h  is  coitij'iaeil  to  be   icj  tiilcb  Kj'.i.ue.      litre 

I!(  r:iJ  uith  firn.  anJ  ir.trieate  with  tliorii, 

i'  eu  j'.iths  ol  luiniaii  feet,  ur  ti  ai.  ks  (-!  bealls,  are  worn. 

XojtorTto 'eek,  t!ie  eliief  t-nvn,  Uaiuls  on  the  river 
Doni'.'.a,  ar.il  is  t  iU  raiile  "1 II  f  ini:',e.i  in  the  Rulllan  llile. 

Hranlki  is  a  \u-ll-f  irti:ie.i  tour.,  about  do  miles  from 
No!;oL:rod(  e!^.  1  he  o:\ur  ;ouns  or  viUku^es  ol  this 
province  are  ol  no  conieijuenee. 

Tlie  Dutehv  ol  C;'.:;  Mciiuu  ,  thoi::;h  watereil  by  .he 
rivt  r  Doiii^'a,  i^  t  xeee^ling  lieiile.  I'he  prinei[)al  town, 
i.ille;!  C'err.K  ii  w ,  i'-  fni. ill,  thinly  peojilrJ.,  and  in- 
confkler.ible,  .is  are  all  rlie  1  tiur  pl.ut.  in  it. 

'I'l'.e  I'liniipaii  y  of  Wiiumin.  1  he  continual  ex- 
( urlioiis  ot  :.K  Celfii  ks  h.ive  .ilinoil  delol.itnl  tint 
pn;;i..n  of  tlii'-  province  winch  is  liruatcd   near  LelU'r 


Tart-U'v:   but  the  othtr  p.uis  are  populous  and  fertile, 
bii.'i;!;  watered  bv  tlie  river  Occ.i. 

O.'i  the  banks  ot'ihc  ticca  ll.uids  \'orotin,  t'lecijfi- 
t,;l  of  the  I  rovince.  I;  is  only  a  fmall  town,  but  well 
feci. re. 1  bv  a  eallle  and  other  I'ortihc.tii'ns.  t)n  the 
l.mu-  riser  llar.ds  C'roni.u'e,  St.uol,  ,uul  llof:zotf. 

[la:  i  Juchy  01'  1\l/,\'.  ,  oi'  Riii  .'.  ■. \,  or,  a--  it  is  now 
calle.i,  t!;e  l';oVHieeol  \erones,  inilu.les  a  \(iy  lar!j;e  , 
tr.ick  ol  land,  fuu.itc  li  b.etweel:  tf.e  Drn  and  the  Octa, 
and  exteraiu\u  near  ;: .  miles  in  length.  It  is  watered 
bv  the  Hon  01  I'anais  .iiui  the  (.)ec.i.  Tl-.e  i^uiri.ins 
ileem  the  toil  ol  this  provini  e  the-  moll  fertile  in  the  uni-  1 
verfe  ,  .iiid  .illiiin,  th.it  the  lom  ^.m-ows  l<j  tiiu  k  and 
llioiii.-,  tli.u   ,1  iiuift    i.inn-it   iii.ike   his  u.iy    tliroiii^h   1    g.iriiion,  ami  ajipointed  t  1  defi.-n  I  t!ie  •' 


to 

the  RuHi.m  .idmirals,  vice-atlmirals,  anti  perfons  of  r.uik. 
Molt  of  them  ll.uid  ficing  the  lit.idel,  and  behiiul  t!\em 
are  llreets  fir  thole- that  are  employed  in  fliip-buildin;:. 
The  city  llanif>  on  u\r  well  li.lc  of  the  Veronis,  and 
the  cit.\d(d  on  the  other;  .uid  a  large  bridge  i.  built 
oser  It  for  comniuific.uion. 

i'he  cit.ulel  is  a  l.iige  lijuire  Iv.iildin;-,  Ik'.id.e.l  wi;!i 
a  tower  on  e.uli  lorn',  r  ;  h'tli  l.irge  ,i|>.ii  inenf.  in  i:, 
r.iid  makes  a  g.rt , it  figure  widiout.  k  i^  furioini  tcii 
with  llrong  p.illifad..)cs,  and  a  ditcli,  aii.l  i,  di  ic.ided 
by  a  llrong  guril()n.  This  is  the  thiei  iii.ig.i.'ine  in 
this  part  ol  Rulli.i,  in  which  tinre  .\rc  about  i^  '  c.ui- 
lion,  molllv  iiniiioun'ed  lor  Ijieedy  c.irii.ige  ;  i.iineni- 
eneies  lor  llii[)-biiiliiing  ;  an.l  .i|).irruier.ts  three  llories 
high,  lor  all  m.inner  ot  n.ival  iloies.  1  Un:  :',re  |.;me 
h.uKlfoine  chuicius,  .uter  t'le  Ruifi.m  tille  ;  a:i  I,  .iv  a 
fm.ill  dill.uice  irim  the  town,  m  ly  be  lee  a  .1  higii  moiin  - 
t.iin  .dmoll  mouldered  aw.iv,  and.  full  o!  u.iek-,  on 
which  are  lome  aniiint  nionumenrs. 

I'averhoff  w.i>  built  bv  I'etv-r  the  Cireat,  en  tlie  ibiir'i 
banks  ot  tiie  river  \  eroiiis,  and  two  tliin's  ol  t.'ie  town 
are  walked  by  rliat  river  and  t'le  Don.  Idle  iii.ice  is 
veiv  unhe.iltliy,  on  .iceou.it  ol  the  ciicumiacent  low  ll.'t 
!M-ounds  being  covered  eite.cr  with  wuod  or  w,it>  r.  'I'h.is 
town  i.s  regul.'.rly  biidt,  wi;h  (Ireets  interli-cting  c.'cli 
otiier  at  right  angles  ;  but  t!ie  h  lules  .ue  of  w.)od,  as  ii 
a  palace  which  llan.is  at  the  well  i-v,.\.  'i'lic  civ.i.lel  is 
m.ule  ol  earthen  ramparts,  pallifidoed  with  b.tl'i  uis 
at  the  cor;uis,  mounted  with    cannon,      'ras'erlioff  it  • 


iclf  is  inhabited  princin.iliv   by   f.ulors  and  lilheri'.ien  ; 
and   what  is  very  lingin.ir,    "jooo  lol.iieis,  who  ;'.re  tlie 


It.  Till'-  mud  be  owui:,!;  t  I  a  gre.it  ciiiantity  ol  i.iits 
with  wliiiii  the  Inow  impregnates  and  diricdies  the 
ground,  b\  Kiln;  lo  man',  n.onths  i.']).in  it.  Ti-.e 
I'eople  here  are  njuragee.us,  w.iriike,  ci'.  il,  poli;e,  .md 
very  numerous. 

Ihij  country  was  formerly  governed  by  its  own  dukes, 
wf.o  Were  ill<emed  p'lWertul  ;  but  it  hath  long  (line 
bei  n  lulideiCvl  bv  iiie  t"/.ii,  .ind  become  fubieet  t  1 
Rulf.i,  liie.'e  wl'.u  h  rinv  it  hath  much  dec.ived.  It  con- 
tinue.-, however,  lliil  feirile  in  (e'rn,  millet,  ami  other 
prain,  .md  .lilo  .iboun.K  all  1-  ind  ot  gaiiie,  as  tlie  rivers 
do  with  fill;  p..uticiilary  the  g'reat  river  Don,  which 
h.ith  its  ii  'ing  in  this  province,  aivl  runs  almoll  airofs 
It,  .ind,  alter  a  long  terpentine  courfe,  dilcharges  it- 
leli  into  t!ie  I'auee-  ,\l.ror,.,  at  Azoph. 

Molt  (j!  the  towns  Were  tormeily  t onh.ler.ible,  rich, 
and  \\(  1!  jii  opli  ,i  I  but  bt  iiig  miier.iblv  pliiiidc  red  and 
.:bii.i  d  bv  tf.e  Cum  1  .'.rtarsin  the  yi  .u'  i  5(jH,  '.hi  v  have 
r.ot  lim.e  bien   ible  t  1  rei  .-jver  theinlidve^. 

R<'.;an,  or  Rlie/.an,  t!ie  anci' ni  1  .ipital  of  this  pro- 
vince, whii. h  w.is  tiirmeriv  .ilaii,  l.-.rg  ■  .ind  |)o]iuloiis 
cir\,  .ind  .ulvant igeoulh  li'uated  on  tin-  t)cc..,  is  chiel- 


1' I  not  re- 
li  e  ill  the  tv'Wn,  but  dwell  all  together  ia  a  r.i.:  :!'.b(jur- 
ing  vill.e;e. 

11, e  1  tlier  towiv-  in  this  duchv  wort!)  mi  nrioninsr, 
.ire  D.mk.irod,  a  l.U'g;;  p  .ice  alv'Ut  14  leig'Ues  lontij 
ir.)m  Re/an,  finiate  ne.ir  the  Ipring-he.id  of  tlie  Don, 
or  Tan. lis  ;  and 'I'oiil,  or  'I'ul.i,  on  the  welb.  ,1  con- 
lines,  near  the  borders  of  V'oiotin,  which  is  ileie;i  i.  .1 
by  a  llout  eallle,  built  by  tiic  c/ar  H.iiilowit/;  fo'in  after 
he  took  it. 

'The  provip.e  ol  I5i ;,i.c.o!) (\i)  lies  in  a  ti  nipeivri; 
elimite,  1.  watereil  by  leveral  llre.:r.;s,  and  is  naturallv 
krtile,  but  being  expoli  d  to  the  continual  .itl.'.eks  and 
iiiro.ids  ol  the  Don  Collaeks,  it  is  1  either  populous  or 
Will  cultiv.itul.  In  fact,  the  ce.untrv  originaily  be- 
longe-i  to  tlvile  people,  ,ind  the  inhabit.ints  llill  ret  ii;i 
the  rartaii.in  Cihbim<  and  manners;  being  tlirmleb'es 
more  iiulin.ible  to  live  bv  liee-booring  than  bv  the 
ciiltiv.ition  ot  tlie  e.irth,  .uid  t  1  make  wild  excurli.ins 
.ib'iut  the  (viu.'iiry,  111.111  to  rili.le  I  ciilly  111  cities  and 
towns.  In. lee. 1,  it  hitli  a  eonliderd'le  number  of 
tiiiall  town-,  moll  of  tl'cm  poor,  and  h.ilf-r, lined  ;  but 
no  cit  es,  <  xiept  tli.it  of  Hielgoroi!,  iVoin  wiii,.h  it  has 


ly  tamed  lor  the  noble  !•■  liil.uue  which  it  m.ide  ,ig,iinll        its  name,  and    which  1,  itielf  liardlv  remirkahle   upon 


111'-   r.uc.iis  in  tlie  ve  '  -o,  bv  wlmli  the  whou  em- 

pire wa^  pnlirvi. I  ti,:ii.  .11,  I'll',  .  ihr  igh  tlie  I  ity  ir- 
lell,  .lii-l  .line  ll  ihi  whole  u,  I  .,  Wire  ii  hovidbv 
tiiem.      All  tli.it  the  .ineient    !'.  .'.1,1  now  ret.iins  of  it> 


former  u\ 
llill  then 


miieiir,  1 .  t!i  ■  ar    ne; 


di. 


'cop  d  '''e,  and  -'s  beiaL 
i'.i..,i 


V'oroaet/,  c  oiini  > 
fiderable  pl.ite  in  il,i-,  c        ■  ,    1 
llups  ot  w.i!'  !-uil'  iIk  •(   I      ,1  I  ri 
tion  of  the  kite  1  /.il  I'l   t  .  ■  .<  \ , 
a  fmall  river  of  its  o  - 1   a.iiiie, 
<jr  'I'.i.'iae  ,  .1  lifie   bid  iw    it,     n 
( .irrv  them  inti)  the  gn-.i'  m, 
ISlaek  lia,  to  whiiii  i|,,it    piiiue    ■  p    1  1 
I  ilf.ige  by  the  t.ikinjr  01  A/.ii|  !i. 

The  town  il  llruated  on  ,1  hill,  lurround< 


■oil'  .  e  :;'■  r.i'  .i  .'on- 
,  c  .  ,i,t  '■'  the  gri  .It 
re.  l",n  .md  rilpei  - 
.t,  brief-  fitu  iO-d  on 
ill.'':,  die  I  .  )!!, 
1  I  ■  '  ■  ■  enoiig  ;  to 
'  dii  ,'  vlown  to  the 
■  p    '  o  himlell  .1  tree 


I  with  .1  wood  ■ 


»ll  Will,  alllKjil  I(HLi.U.       il  Ik  divided  11,10  thi    e  parts; 


my  other  aci  ouat.  'I'he  e  'Untrv  of  the  Dui  Collaeks, 
0:1  the  louth-eall,  i.dle.l  .illo  Ro.loni  D miki,  .ind  the 
country  ot'tiie  N'og.iy  Coll'u  ks,  1  n  the  loiitli-well,  arc 
eith.er  veiy  bo;rgy  or  wooily,  and  Have  tew  towns  in 
dieir  e-rritory  ;  whudi,  with  the  pal-.itiii.ite  ot  IJiidgMpod, 
W.I-,  '  niierly  part  of  Tart.iry,  but  hath  been  giauiiali) 
.   1.  querid  from  it  by  the  Ruiri.iiis. 

i  lie  I'lovuiceot  .^'loRUo.•^,  or  MoKDV.-\,and  Dit- 
t'l  I  of  C/i.KMi"i.  1  Living  gone  through  the  wellerii 
p:  isiiucs  ot  Ruffi.!,  We  niutl  ilirecl  our  eoiirle  t  iw.irds 
the  north,  where  we  meet  the  province  c  .illed  Mor.lva. 
The  aih.ibitants  of  lius  (iioviiu  e  .u'c  I, lid  to  be  the  molt 
civili/.ed  ot  .ill  the  r.iil.niin  people,  and  have  lome 
town-,  bill  none  of  tin  111  worth  ddciibing.  The  p;o- 
|i|e  here  .ire  lie.illieiis,  b'lt  li.ivc  neitlier  temples 
•lit. us,  or  piedls.  I'lieir  country  i*  liiuU,  a'ld  lii  i  ot 
forells. 

'iLc 


EUROl'K.] 

Tlie  diibi 
inifle,  which 
vail  track  of 
titiide  ;  and 
j'aits;  the  fo 
and  has  the 
tainou.s;  ,iml 
name  of  L.o 
V  Iio  are  dee 
bleed  v.ill    h 
i;.idil(f.  in  ti; 
:ii;d  (luel  in 
11.  metaiis;   b 
i-.in,  Ikuc  nr 
li;e,  being 
the  ethir. 
iieitlier  Miiii 
or  lour  wi\( 
!  "wn,  w!:!cl 
tire  of  tile  m.'. 
growing  out 
little  In  11,  by 
have   much 
drawers  un.le 
iinm.irried  !e 
Tliry  .ire  !i;l 
litr  in  w.ir; 

The  Duel 
v.!;.' land  O 
vi.rtl,c-lef-,   p 

The  eaj'it. 
at  the  coiilhu 
:i  Hone  wall, 
the  rive;  li.ie 
<  lilt  d  Iv.  ,uiol 
noble   (Ireet, 
v.l.oh-  town. 
model  of  Sa 
clifec,    has 
-;.•,,;■„  ,m;i  ,■ 
'I'he  fel.elb  • 
bet  <.()ir,,'iiis 
\er!i"r's  p.iia 
Pl,.i   tile    hoi. 
The  I  'n\   itfe 
j'.i   wi.ele  ll.l 
(:>  \  ;!i■l:;^. 
ff  ,  are  r<  ir, 
ii;-ral,  woiMi  I 

Hafiiigor^ 
•ie;ir  the  \'<  1 
I  v;;es.  It  \ 
.  -  .1  chi.l.  Ui 
l.i  IS  .It  preie 
L.'.r  be.  n  Ii; 
this  I  rovinci 
th'-\-  .iri'  mat 

•file  I'l'iv 
for,  Hs,  but  1 

Volodiice 
viiieh  i,  b'M' 
a  moll  a.,bf 
I'  '.s  's  built  1 
1..;  lit  ol  li.e  I 
1;  rs  l(l':d.  d 
I'liice  whi  11  I 
The  r,ther  t 
the  ilw  r  Ch 
b  iiks  o(  '.he 

'Ihe  Due! 
are  w(  11  tloii 
w.  idi  wild  !)■ 

B.lliiowit/    f'l 

[.i;l,i;eil  it  v  ! 
■Ul  l.'l,    ill 
\f  ;,ri-  I''. 

.^l,:  i.ii  i,f 
tin  put  oft' 


RAPIIY. 

■  common  rtfiJoncc 
i,ii<i;c'  ami  cxtiMlivr. 
r.int-.in  inajr.izinr  of 
he  dti  livity  of  the 
re  U  vri.il  l|.;u'iolls> 
n;;,  wliiJi  liclor,;;-  to 
.mil  |xr(i)ns  ol  r.iiik. 
cl,  .iiid  biiiiiul  tlicm 
L\l  in  fliip-ljiiiKlin;:. 
)t  the  V'l.Toni.,  aiivi 
ar:;L-  briii^'c  i.  biiik 

iklin;',  n.'.nl.fj  wirli 

t',c  .i|i.ir  iiKiU'-.  ill  it. 

It  i>  iiirioim  li-il 

li,  aiul    1,  di  Ic.iJ.cil 

cliK-i    IliajM.'.lllC     ill 

ail'  alv)ut  1  ^  ■  iMn- 
iMii  M'.;f  i  I  .invciu- 
inci'.t^  thrc;-  i'.  )ii;-:. 
I  Icrc  :;i:'  |.;mc 
an  t  ulc  :  a:i  I,  ar  .i 
c  Ici-ii  a  ii;;;:i  ni  luri- 

ll/ll    ni    llaLL-,    oil 

C>r;ar,  ^•^\  tin-  loiir'j 
()  thill's  ot  (!ic  tou  II 
I'H.  I'iir  piaic  is 
ircuiiii.!cc!:i  liw  t!.>t 
'ooii  or  \".atv  r.  This 
ts  intfrlcctin,:  cmJi 
.'s  art'  oi  w.)oJ,  as  \i 
•i'.\.  'I'hc  ii'.a.lcl  is 
uloftl  with  bal*!  :ns 
on.  Tavrrlioli'  it  ■ 
ioi  >  ami  IllhcnMcii  ; 
il.lifis,  who  I'.ii-  t!ic 
iu"  I'lacL',  I'o  not  re- 
hcr  ia  ;i  ix'/^libuiir- 

wortli  111!  n:i;)iiin!r, 
14  !f',;ni<-'.  loj-.li 
hi'.ul   ot  t'li;  Don, 

):i  ihf  will',  ,1  I- on- 
whivh  i.  dcii-n  !  ,1 

iaiilo'.vi:,;  llion  alicr 

It's  in  a  ti  niiicr.'tc 
ii.S  and  is  naturallv 
intiinial  atiarks  and 

c'ithcr  popiiloiis  or 
iiitry  orii'in  lily  !^;■- 
lahitants  lliil  rcl  n:i 

i  lii-in;r  thrinlc-K'c'j 
)otin{i  than  hy  the 
,kc  wild   cxcuriions 

cially  in  titits  anil 
kril-lt.-  niiinbtr  oi 
hall'-niincd  ,  but 
,  ("mm  winJi  it  has 
.'  rriii  iii^ahif  u|)oii 

till-  IJ.iii  Coilacks, 
ni  Diiilki,  and  the 

tlie  linirh-WflK  arc 

liavf  lew  towns  in 
itiiiatf  ot  ljii-|f.'iiroil, 
lath  been  riauually 

MoRiiVA,  and  Dil- 
tliioii:;h  the  welU'iri 

our  coiirrc  t  iwards 

me  ( alkd  Mordva. 

laid  to  be  the  molt 
));lf,  and  have  lijmc 

I  ii)in;r.  Tlu'  p;()- 
'  neither  leinples, 
.  linali,  a'ld  In  1  of 

'iLc 


EUKOI'K.]  0  R  K  A  T 

'I'lic  dilliiiH  Oi-  province  of  C/cri  niilli-,  or  Sc'ietr- 
niiHe,  whiih  lii.s  on  the  call  (idc  of  the  former,  is  a 
vail  traclv  of  land,  cxtendiii<;  from  54  to  61  deg.  (jf  la- 
titude i  and  is  I'.ividetl  by  tlie  river  \'olya  into  two 
I  art.'. i  the  loutlurii  diltri.t,  width  atljoins  to  Mortlva, 
M\<.\  has  the  liaiiie  of  Nagorna,  wiiicli  implies  moun- 
tainniis;  aiul  ti,>  nortlicrii,  wliieh  is  known  by  the 
name  of  Lo[V'^^"i.  <>'"  I-'>w  l.,':ul.  The  inhabitant.s, 
V. Ill)  are  tieeined  t!u-  iiiofl  liivap,e  of  all  the  T.irtar.s, 
lilted  vail  lurd.s  o(  i  attle.  'I'hey  are  witl.our  towns, 
f;i;htel.  ill  tl;tir  de.dings,  fiip»  illitioiis  in  their  notions, 
niul  ("luel  in  their  difpofitions  Some  are  calleil  iVIa- 
li.  ir.etaiis;  but  the  greater  part,  efpetially  tuN'ards  Ca- 
y.'.n,  ha\e  no  fixed  objetl.s  of  t.'.it'i,  or  modes  41!' prac- 
tiie,  being  as  va;;iie  in  the  one,  a.s  t:.ey  are  abliinl  in 
the  cthtr.  Their  la ii;i;iia{j;e  is  pi  i  uliar,  linderlioM.!  by 
iieith.cr  Miiii  o\iie  or 'i'artar.  A  man  is  allowed  tlirtr 
or  I'Hii  wi\(s.  The  wrnieii  ve,:r  only  a  toaiir  line.i 
!  "vn,  wliieli  coMTs  tliiir  wiiole  body,  and  the  Leai.'- 
tile  of  t!u  m.'.iried  ones  riles  o\  er  th'ir  he.id'.  like  a  hori. 
j-rowin;' oi;t  of  liiiir  Ikiill,-,  at  the  topof  whiiii  haiii.rs  a 
little  bill,  b)'  a  iilk  tiring,  of  ie\rral  eoloiirs.  The  men 
have  mueii  the  fmic  garb  about  their  boiin:,  with 
drawers  under.  Thr  married  fiu'.ve  their  luad-,  .I'-.d  the 
iinm.irried  let  il  eir  hair  grow  to  a  eonfnlei.folr-  le,i!_;rii. 
'I'liry  are  fubje/l  to  th'-  C/..iiin,!,  and  obli:  etl  10  .diill 
lier  in  war;    but  .ll'e  free  li  ii'i  all  tribute. 

The  Duehy  of  NiM-Novof.o 'oi>  is  waterttl  liy  fii'- 
A'i'!|n  .iiiil  Oeca,  and  .iboumls  wirfj  (■>i^('^'.,  Iv.ii  i.s,  ir- 
vertl.ilels,  pleal.inr,  populow  .  and  jeitiir-, 

Ther.ipii.il,  Xili -NuvoL-  .rot'  j ,  lit,..itf.J />»i  a  rock, 
at  the  lonllueiue  111  tk.e  \' >  !;;.i  ,'.u-:i<>Cf.i,  t't«//«(j,,4<i!]  by 
;i  Hone  w.ill,  .iiul  tit  fi  iided  by  4  llr  •■■,></  ^'k/^r},  >S>^f 
tl-flive;  !i.!:-,  .:iid  bt  tore  th.'-  ll.KeK'' ^Z'-*  (/  Kt/f  t»f 
<  dli  d  Ii..i;aiin,i,  ;lu;c  i-  .  \\).:x\y^\:  \'S\vf.;v^  i^.-jr<- ,  /i 
noble  llieef,  ir.ierk c'led  by '>tji''r-,  rwi*  •.'''vt''/^ii  f>«<i 
whole  ttiwn.  The  c.irheiira'!,  \  '.it  h  is  fo'.jili' ali^  r  flir 
iiiotlel  of  Sant.i  .'^ojdiia  at  Qi>v,/ .>v/vyy\:-,  i*f  a  l!'.>.y# 
'i.is  ii\e  i.ijit)l.is  btaiiiif+.'iSi.y  v,:niiifl!'/i-d  ^^^ 
:,  ,m.i  .uiiTir  I  at  ti.e  lop  w  it^i-i  ,<''l<^^-,irkf  yfffM:-^. 
■{'he  liipeil)  ..1- i'icpiUopai  jj.ii.icc  is  iK  .?ir  tiic  i'atiK i|l'r<il, 
but  eoiuains  .i  .luirch  v.irhir,  its  (,vvn  w.i'lil..  'J'lie  v^^- 
\erii"i's  palate,  anil  the  <',a(:i'iy,  arc  lioblr  (.ibil.  ks, 
nr..i  till,  li.irf  .,  i  ;  ;;entr,d,  ai'c  'A' 11  built  t/i' timber. 
Theiilv  itieifk  iiii.'d,  bi.t  l'."  f!.:i'.':'!is  aic  I,u-,'e,  anil 
l!:e  wki'ie  h.is  a  rocii  ti.ide,  r.f.i!  i".  «•  jj  furnilliiil  wirli 
|':.i\  ;!i)r.s.  i'lie  luxuries,  as  well  ai  t'lc  lytHaiii-s  of 
li'i  ,  .ire  !•(  m.'ik.ihly  tlirap.  Iv  r  tkt  in!i 'bif/fi's,  irij;;'-- 
ner.ll,  wonii  v  .{■■  wi  11  as  r.u  :;,  .ire  alv)nii.;.;i)!e'?'  ,-;'..:rd., 

Hafiiifor  :  '  f::Mtid  ai  tlu"  loot  of  .1  rifin;.;  ^  I'.i'.J, 
iii:;r  tiie  \  <  '•;  >.  f  a  l..rge  xilLifjc,  i  onfiilini;' '>!  v.ocdcii 
I  ^■ifes.  It  v..  ,1,1,  i.iily  l<a:nd<,il  iiv  the  f/.ir  B-diliu;., 
,  ,1  fhii  k  i:p.  n  ti'.i  i'.irir-  ,  but  .is  tiic  kulVnii  fiiyji- 
t.i  Is  ,it  pre II  lit  esti  ml  iiii.i  h  ;,;i ;!.'  r,  die  lor'. i  •  .itii/«>s 
.'..:'.  r  been  liiiii  rt-.l  to  uo  to  di  cav .  IL  oiIi«  r  t  xvji,  t,; 
this  j  ni\  ince  re  Shivt;.!,  H.d.ignn,  .;i  .'  |'.,i''ii'';  but 
tliev  ,ire  iniihir  iiii:-  ;;.'nt  or  rem.'.;:.,ible. 

Tiit  ri'i\ince  I.;  Vt-i.i.i.i  M  i  It  lo.ii.ii;;-,  lome  Uii.^i'ul 
fiir.  Iks,  bill  111  111, my  |  .irts  is  It  itilt,  .uid  well  watered. 

\'oliH!i;,,t  1',  ;i-.'i.:]ink  is  I'tii.itnl  en  .1  I'P.e  iijik 
V  !e,i  h  i.  b'MUtiu.lly  ili\erli;ied  w  irh  pl.iiu.r.ior. ,.  i  ler.ee 
.;  moll  iiobl'-  appi  .ir.'.iu  e  i ,  ey.hi!Mi'.i.l  to  tiie  dilkuit  eye. 
It  M  's  built  by  piiur  \  -i!  ;JI.-;,  r,  ill  the  cn'meii,  e- 
1..1  tit  o!  li.e  teii'lri  i  i.t'iiy  ;  ain.  i  rie  lie  .uiu  iir  li;ei  cl- 
li  r,  iil'did  li!i  t'.e  I  '.;:'  v  .v  'i-;iu)\'(d  loMoliOW, 
fiiu'e  w  hi  II  |ierioil  :■  .  1;  k  ■  'X  i,  i,  ■  ■  id'i.'.llv  dei  .'.yed. 
Tke  r,tlier  towns  ,;i.-  Mor  eil'.'.iit.  ;  Ik  i!-,  fiiu.ited  on 
the  livtr  t'h'.-fm,'. ;   a:;!  ikiiueiiu.:,   v  kit  h  ikuuN  on  the 

b    llksof'.h.v    \     il.M. 


R  u  :s  .S  I  A. 


C77 


c  i.i..ee 


'1  he  ni;e!voi.Si  -i   ■,•  cor.f  ins  ni,i;i\- 1' 


,  wliKli 


are  will  llortd  v.itii  I'.iii  -■    d^-r  ;.i,  I  oth'.  r  g,imc,  ami 
widi  wikl  b.  .,'1  .,    wki'i.   f  1:  .  1 1  .ir  ,1  j  ood  piiie.     joliii 
H.ilii  ii.'. it/  I'lliiluiiJ  ik     i.iiiuu;,  .iiiiio  i5<i;,  iml  incor 
ptil,;;:  .!  it  V  rii  it .  ov. n  iiiati    .      Itstkiei  lov.iisiire 

sufl.d,  ihi  I.]  i:,d,  (.'.•.llroMii  ;orod,   l.ouih,  .uid 
\"i  iirii  f, 

^u:  i.ii  i .  fitMl  d  on  die  ri\'er  CI   iiil:',  near  ilic  fouili 
trnpiit  of  t'le  1.1  It!.,-,   h  ii  an  artidipifcopai  ice,  built 


moflly  of  wood,  after  the  Kulli.in  iviaiinct,  biit  retaiiri 
little  of  its  jiriltine  grantlcur.  It  is,  however,  famed 
for  a  ftatel)  mtmaftcry  of  niiiib,  and  llimc  otiicr  ancient 
biiiltlings. 

'I'lie  Duchy  of  Moscf)w,  or  Miscovv,  properly 
fo  caileil,  in  order  to  tliftinguilh  it  fttmi  the  great  cin- 
jiirc  of  which  it  is  the  prim  ipal  pro\-in.' c,  bears  the 
name  of  tluchy,  btc;uil'e,  for  a  long  time,  the  prince, 
of  it  took  only  upon  thcmfclves  the  title  of"  ilukes.  If 
Ii.ith  its  iiiime  f'roin  its  capital,  Mufcow,  or  Mufcova; 
and  this  lioiii  tlic  river  of  that  n;iine,  oil  which  it  i> 
lituatetk 

Its  extent,  from  call  to  well,  is  computed  to  be 
about  Ct'6  leagiii.',  or  a  little  .ibovc  200  miles;  and  its 
'■.reatith,  from  north  to  foiitli,  about  -jj  leagues,  of 
100  miles.  The  cjiief  rivers  tiiat  run  tlirough  it  are 
Oica,  and  Clefuiii,  all  which  fall  into  the 
on  the  wertern  fide  of  this  jirovince  is  a 
out  <){'  which  fiov.-s  tiiat  iiniictl  one  called 
,  which,  crolTiiig  the  tluchy  of  .Sitiolf  li- 


the Mofcou 
Volga,  iind 
l.irge  firell, 
t!ie  Borillhen 


fko,  makes  its  tourfe  to  Ukrania,  Litliuania,  and  Po 
land,  'i'he  foil,  however,  is  not  (<)  fertile  as  in  fume 
of  t!'.'-  (,it!.er  pn.»vince:>i  but  the  air,  thtmgh  iharp,  is 
VI  ry  lu-alfliy i  whith,  with  the  advantage  of"  its  fitiia- 
tion  amiilll  foiiie  of  the  befl  provinces  of  the  empire, 
imiui'etl  ihe  m(;iiariii'  to  make  it  their  chief  refidence, 
.III  i  rlie  ni'irojiolis  o(' t!if  empire. 

I'lie  Ci'iief  cifit  s  ami  towns  are  the  following; 

Moli-o?, ,  tile '■  ipit.d,  once  the  metropolks  of,  and 
r';e  greitef:  tit)  in  the  whole  Ruflian  empi.'c,  is  I'eated 
i'l  ,\  till'  >j);icious  plain,  on  the  river  ol  its  name,  over 
v.kifh  it  ^■■•■'\i  a  liately  brid'^*-  of  twelve  arches,  of  a 
priAligiwii  v',v'it  and  bre.idth.,  bet  ante  that  river  often 
mepflowv.  'f.  1  ('.  built  by  j>('ince  rjadfchin,  fioiii  the 
<'lefili5fi  f>f'  i  T'Ai^i,  ttwnk.  'f'^>  tc/j.  :i  (lands  in  ;\  gra- 
v<#}-  C'>i'l,  .I'K.d  wlpAi'^'ftne  air,  .Hiiltlailmoft  in  the  center 
^/itiV  MIt  y!'('w"mcc*  '/'Mo'fcovy,  'J'lie  popiibtioii  of 
't'l^J'.  />^  ^jijftnor  k-  afttnr.fKA.  In  166;,  when  lonl 
C^/^-  *<«;  a-mb.ilir.ulop  rfv re  from  kingCliarks  11.  it 
V.^v  iS-  !Sft.?!es  i.fi  c-.irtinifwfv  M\  of  lioiiles  and  iiihabi- 
■jW'^v  i^f'y.v,'.''  \'i'\.-  the  miinher  of  the  fijrmer  is,  by 
ff^  V/*'!^  c.ilci-l.ii''i'<j')s,  l'jw»!  to  have  anuiunted  (o 
40,'/-     .  ,e.*  by  fhf  jEufii.ii>->  .affirmed  to  have   been 


iVf'/to.v,    .'    ::  • 

reic*',  .Tiiil   •     J 

it  isalmoil  iin;>"(' 

preli-nt  number. 

l)Ie  timber  booths,   «)>!(''.  .idKMj's  h 

1  ;i/  to  \  ioleiit  eonlligr.rfi'/Ws. 

M'lfcow  is  of  a  cireular  !»»•■'    ar 


■t  wr»rte,  W.K  i-, 
■','^iT\x->  amoimfi- 
,    .>(".»ro.ipn 


ding  to  X'oltairi 

iiles  in  circumfe  - 

to  500,000;  but 

■  edimate  of  their 

eiural,  mifera- 

fubieck-J   the 


n:,. 


'.t  parti,  '■:■  quarters,  ,ill 


M'i 


(infills  of  four 
-letl  witii  a  dil" 
,  Skorod'>'ii,and 
was  form-  ''v  the 


vitli 


tills.;  Wall,  vi/.  CitaigoriKJ,  C'z  IT 

."-trt  lit/.e- "il.iboti.i,  fo  called  b^caL 

(juarter  of  f'w  ."srn  litzes,  or  Czai's  guanls. 

The  Ciira:^^  .  ',1,  or  iiiidvlle  c;-..  is  llirroiin. 
a  bri'k  wailj  „  !  on  fihn  ilanoi-  the  callle,  v.-' •'yh 
twt)  f,...!'-  .  ill  ciri  (iit,  t-  <  ■  jriiHed  »ith  three  ft'»oi  .v.illv., 
ikitcly  t  '..i-is,  and  a  folic.  1  tiie  callle  trf  «rt  p.i- 
'  ices  of  the  Ck'ar,  one  if  ti;:.i'e!,  tlie  othf  ••'Hone, 
kiiilt  after  the  Italian  manner,  tiu-  patria;  .^i,:  paH^^e, 
;i  kirgt,  .'.ncietit  biiilding;  the  txcheiiue- ,  '•li.mceW, 
and  otiier  otkies)  the  gr.ir.ti  maga-ine;  two  hiindroim*' 
nion.irteriej;  fi\e  large  cluirt:i;s,  among  w'lich  is  tha' 
noble  one  of  St.  Michiiel,  in  which  are  the  tombs  oi 
i!ie  grand  dukes,  or  czars.  There  are  le\-eral  other 
luitely    buildings    in    this  great   callle.     At  the   g.ite 

'•  ■ill"'  the  chiirth  of 


ancient  labr;-.  .  cal 


iklllds  tll.a  ll'Lel 
Jeiul.ilem. 

Ne.ir  tiie  ( iiiirJies  arc  iiung  ft'  cial  l.irge  bells,  oiu' 
of  which  i.)  if  I  (hipit  ntloiii  [\yr.  Coiieerning  tlie  ce 
1>  br.ited  gre.i;  Iu  II  of  Mufcow,  .i  k.irnetl  tr.ivt  Her  kiys, 
"  I  Willi  to  lee  the  grciirbill,  whit  h  w.c- then  in  a  luge 
pii.  A  lire  l;ad.,  about  two  months  before  this,  buriit 
down  .ibuiir  two  tliirds  of  thi.,  great  city,  and  t!v  belli) , 
bein  '  .ill  of'  timber,  lliaretl  the  ("ame  (iifc.  The  bell 
li  11  into  tilt  bottom  of  tlu  pit,  ami  had  a  piece  broken 
out  of  its  edge,  luge  i  iiou":  '''  permit  ,inv  m.;ii  to  go 
S  I  i;'t.j 


Hi 


J 


¥ 


67  s 


A  NLW,  KOVAl.  AND  AUTIJI  N  IW  -SY.-.  1 1  M  m  UNIVERSAL  (-IIOGRAPITY. 


into  It,  fr;.  \vfi!»lit  is  ^^j,;":  ]wtinil.s,  ami  its  Ju'iglit 
;ibo(it  ;i  feet  Jour  iniUts  anil  a  li.i)f.  !  then  went  to 
<h«-  top  of  a  very  lu|^Ti  (owfr,  cillcil  I  van  Veliki,  or 
thi*  (Jrcat  John.  F.oin  tliis  to\vtT  I  hid  \  compli'P.t 
view  Df" the  whole  t;;y,  which,  inJeeil,  m.iile  .\  icry 
3iajiii  aj^jxMr.irx'e,  The  ■u<MthtT  biinj;  very  coKI,  the 
RiiiTuns  he.U  their  ilows  before  ilay-lirjht,  ami  niikc 
utc  ijfa  Hrc  at  no  tiiue  i)l  the  I'ay  exrej-r  to  gi  t  Jinn?r 
ready  ;  !o  :ha!  the  \iew  Is  never  but  at  ihol'e  finiei  ol)- 
ftnicbeil  by  the  f:r.(>Ak.  I'jjon  the  tnj)  of  tlii,  toutr 
there  are  tliree  bells,  1  ihink  the  leaft  of  which  is  lar- 
ger th^iu  the  lart;(ll  ir.  l.onilon.  I'r.iltr  the  tower  is 
the  aniieni  imperial  jval.ne,  a  Lrge  f  jothii  llonc  builJ- 
ing.  AH  thel'e  wh'rh  I  have  njeiitioned,  ami  all  the 
imprriaJ  jnrieni  arii.ive';,  a/iif  ihOennt  courts  ol'iiif- 
tice,  are  in  th.u  ]\!r:  of  the  city  tarin!  the  CriiiiL'ne, 
which  '.s  brrroiinded  by  a  high  briel';  \\.\\\,  laid  to  be 
about  IC94  j«ces  in  circun-ifi  rejice." 

This  qiiartrr  Is  called  Cataigorod  from  C.iiai,  the 
ancient  anci  lii)(Ti.m  name  ol  China,  becaufe  the  chief 
merchandizes  luld  in  it  rome  from  that  eoim:rv  ;  lo 
th.it  the  name  inijjHcs  tlic  fame  a';  the  Chinele  city. 

The  Czargorod,  or  dm  al  dry,  coDtains,  nnion^  other 
buildings,  the  i^rear  arli-rul,  a;ul  15  ivatcreJ  In  the 
Negliga,  whiih  runs  throuyh  it,  and  jtience  tJuws  into 
the  ditch  that  funi.i.'nds  the  middle  eiry. 

The  ijuirtcr  called  Skonxlo'ii,  or  .'^carodiim,  is 
chiefly  iidiabited  by  timbtr- mongers  and  carpenters, 
who  fell  lioufcs  ready  made.  Thefe  hoiifes  are  move- 
able, fijl.l  very  cheap,  and  i":  ;;reat  nwrnbcr>« :  and,  in 
deed,  conlidering  ihi-  treijiv,-.'n  'ire ^  tliat  Kippen  in  ihii 
city,  owing  either  to  dru;ikejjni-f'>,  a  reigriini;  vice  her*. 
or  to  tile  neglect  of  puttint;  out  the  cuidles,  whict'  ;hey 
J  d'lt  ID  ibme  favourite  lalnt,  ia  their  houfr' aiid  cham- 
bers, they  have  iietd  of  fiu;h  a  large  m.irkfi  to  re jxiir 
to  on  thulV  oicafions.  Iris  called  Srorodum,  which, 
in  the  Rirtnan  lanj^uajie,  fignjlies  done  in  hafte,  .ilivid- 
itig  to  the  fjvrcdy  rail"m<^  of  die  mud  wal?'l'"  fur- 
miimlsit. 

T!ie  Strcrtt7e-.Siabr>da,  formerly  the  qunner  (/f  the 
fo!.i:ers,  Or  guard.s,  itands  on  the  eaft  arid  foutli-eafl 
Hdc  of  the  Catiigorcd  and  the  callle  :  and  ib  itfelf  Air- 
rounded  and  tortificil  v.irh  wooden  rampart'^,  and  di- 
vided from  the-  r.'lT  liy  tlie  river  Molirow  ,  for  which 
reafon  it  is  ftded  a  Haboda,  or  fiibtirb. 

Tho>igh  the  )ii)ules  of  the  peojile  in  conjmon  are  ponr 
hiiLs,  thofe  ofthe  nobiliry  and  ojJuJfnt,  arefiw  fliljncks 
ofbrick  and  Jlonc;  moll  of  ihtjn  havln;;;,  on  the  baik 
pan,  large  rinirts  a.'id  L^arci:  ns  which  are  ijwcioiis,  in 
ample  ordi.r,  and  iuiroii  ded  with  hii^h  anil  Jh'on^' 
walls,  rhe  llrca-.  are  not  paved  with  llones,  but 
boarded  witli  tliick  fir  plank^. 

Churches  .inJ  cii.ijx-Is  here,  including  tliofe  thai  he- 
long  to  mon.ifleries,  are  i:om])uted  to  amoMni  to  above 
I  500.  .Some  of  them  .'.re  very  large  and  flat/ly  ,  ttut, 
particul.irlv,  v.hlch  )•.  in  the  Crindine,  or  gran  I  iiu})e 
rial  palace,  is  a  vaft,  ancient  building  :  nn  the  right 
fide  of  tl^e  altar  is  the  Czar's  throne,  .111  d  on  the  left 
:!.at  !;f  the  patriarch  ;  and  in  the  body  of  rbe  ihiirch 
h.ings  a  diaiulclicr  of  imiiienfe  wv-iglit  and  value.  I'lie 
vrry  jewels,  and  otI\er  cofliy  ovnancnts,  that  eiirif^i  \ 
piflure  »f  the  Virgin  Mary  here,  are  valued  ^\  V\\.  .\ 
t'"i  *eigh:  >;fgoldi  l)cfides  a  vaW  riiinitxr  <\(  i  li.\h\es, 
pixes  patins,  rtatiies, and  other  cluirci)  iii:nblx  i»f gold 
and  fdver,  Hnely  wrought,  and  ■  riched  wifS  ^"iiiou' 
florjts ,  .'.  vail  nnnjlKT  of  csV  prulHy  vil;:i!rnts  \>t 
great  value,  and  an  iiiinirntr  ipiantrty  uf  dor.at\i)n>  anj 
prefents  otfered  to  the  flicks  of  tliree  .  aime  iil  H'liniii 
faints  which  are  l.rre  interred.  *>>  that  tl»e  tri  ;  ir. 
of  this  ehuffh  i.s  dteined  tijiu!  to  »f  ijf  anv  t  -ii»<Ji 
rn  Fiirope. 

'l"he  fuperb  church  of  Sab'' 
li.llh  .5  /biteh;  tli)rnr,   ltijipnrt< 
md  i*,  [linugh  in  tlie  ancient 

.md  w:ith< '.iL  I'hat  of  St.  M  .« 1  is  tlie  t'  I'ljitorv  of 
rhe  ^i<:i<\  .  jn,  and  o'  jJ!  f1,»  .  >>  •(  familv  1,1  the  male 
let.  TiiC  Dodi' .  1  '  e  iw.r.'elU-*  ofthe  blood  are  m- 
. -rre    m  the  ''jsi  N    ..*»»«'♦«  ntms  eallr.t   l';'ii,lort" 


Monaftir,  in  the  fame  rallle,  and  near  the  cliurcfi 
.ibove  mentioned.  The  tomb';  oi  the  princes  wlio 
never  reigned,  are  in  a  li-jiarati-  chniirl.  The  palls  with 
which  tl\eir  roffins  .ire  covered  are  fuperb.  Thofe  of 
the  r7.ars  efpeci.dl),  are  of  the  lineil  velvet,  and  Jiavr 
cither  a  ntaily  or  embroi  irred  golden  ctucilix  upon 
them,  of  ci\r:oui  worl.matilifip,  and  enricJied  with  val^ 
variety  of  civilly  ornaments,  dpecially  imcrii  tiom, 
^vhich  arc  tnoftly  done  v-itli  jieails  and  other  ]ir:cioUi 
ftones. 

Monaftcries  of  men  and  women  are  here  nuiTcrou. . 
and,  in  general,  next  to  the  pak.ces  and  noblemeirs, 
houle.s,  fume  <>f  tie-  iielt  editicesin  the  city;  the  foun- 
der, of  them  have  Ipan  d  no  toll  to  adorn  them  wiili 
curious  architecture,  jiauuing--,  gardens,  and  every 
thing  th.it  is  couveni  in  and  beautiful  Tlieie  is  o.ie 
called  L)ewit7.e  M'mnfrir,  ..Scut  a  mile  out  of  the  cjt>,  , 
in  ■R'hicii  the  amliitious  print el^  .Sophia,  wholiad  car.- 
certcd  to  many  pJois  agaiidl  her  lirotlier  the  Ciur  Pei.t 
r  was  .at  If  .ngth  1  onfined,  an.i  ended  lier  d.iys.  It  is 
lituated  on  a  fji.irious  pLiin,  and  !ut!i;,oo  ntuv,  belong. 
ing  to  it,  who  lead  a  very  regular  life,  and  never  I'Ur 
out  of  their  limit*,  as  lorn;  otiicrs  :irr  permitrtvl  tj  do. 

Tliele  are  only  allowed,  cm  liolida-  ,  towal!v  on  t!ir 
terraces  tav.:v\  their  gT-dens,  which  are  r.;if;.d  [.)  a  crin- 
venienr  height  (iir  r'K-in  to  e:'.;i)y  the  jirol'ped  of  the 
adjacent  pla!:i. 

Of  fh-  mor.ailery,  ch'ifch  uf  J  cmial-m,  f.r.  .-  i..;.tr 
travdler  give";  the  followin'.'  accou.-t:   "  The  l\ 


,  '  $i'  t  in  Idl^tK 

i»iii   laij?   p '^.if"., 

,  magnilii   «it  uitSin 


lire '  I. 


biOiop-,  pr-"t1s  boufe:-,  i.  c.  ^n-  all  cncloftd  v.itL 
hiL'h  bii-k  d's;  the  wjil,  ijiming  (;ne  !:dc  of  the 
b;lhop't  p.'!.ici.-,  ail  built  on  a  Leauufnl  dctathe  \  \\A\ , 


Invint:  on  the  rail,  north,  ar: 


::(1,  f!ie  linell  la. ■,:!!,  ia 


;!h'  x'oi-kl,  !!irc)ugh  whicli  ghdrs  a  noble  river.  In  the 
pkiin,  tipun  the  banks  of  the  river,  Ibinds  the  bu;ld.er's 
romanric  houfe,  all  built  ol' fbne.  It  is  quite  aloiir. 
three  Aories  in  hi  iglu,  in  every  one  of  which  are  fotr 
rooms,  except  the  ground  ibiry,  where  are  his  kitcLrn, 
ftore-room,  and  a  rootvi  for  liis  attendants.  The  arr:i 
of  each  of  thefe  rooms  is  bat  about  eight,  or  ar  rrofr 
bur  (Tine,  feer  fquare.  J:i  ever,  one  \,  a  fmall  frovf . 
1  lis  bcdfb-ad  is  of  f^one,  as  ,ve  I'lis  bed  and  pillow.  His 
ch.iirs  are  of  t!ie  fame  m.aterials.  Kverv  f^ory  of  Jus 
Ivnife  is  s-aultrd  ;  and  it  is  (l.it  on  the  roi.f,  fa--  th.e  ron 
veniency  of  taking  a  viev.  ofthe  roe.ntrv.  It  ha  !-,;:t 
one  entry,  and  every  room  receive^  lig!;r  frorii  o:-.l- 
v.-ndoiv  ofthe  lealf  fizc.  i'lie  bi-.ilder  v.  > .  a.i  lienn'r, 
and  a  religious  devotee.  'J'lic  hofpital  i-:  nr,t  Lir^e,  b.:' 
Well  provided  with  every  ncci'd'ir/  bi:r  n-.ed'cine. 
prayers  being  (in  their  oi'/inion)  futflcie^i!  t.>  c.ir;-  a!) 
iiife.ifes  which  appe.tr  in  tills  holy  j'lii . .  At  the  ivcll 
end  of  the  churcli  li  .1  moil  rapaeiotis  f.ij.fda.  The 
dome  is  very  magnifiten:  and  !iir;li,  wir!;  .'.  g.dk-ry 
which  furrouiid>  it  rca:  t!ie  top.  'i  li--  w;nJvr.vi  arc 
large,  and  it  is  well  lighted.  I  \.c  \.'.ill..  are  all  Kun* 
n>und  with  variou-.  piMur.  s  i.\  i!ie  laints,  \-ery  nciilv- 
adorr.ed  \u<i  T'^er,  goll,  jra;-.';,  ji,.l  precioui  flanes; 
.-ind  »l )  Ji.,;  ,v  ncry  tr  ;,.',  md  aJotiicd  v.ith  v.u'"!., 
jv'  vN  J  01  ewiou-,  X'vluianlhip. 

The  liv  v;r,v  n\v<r  I.  four.dij  here  ihrc-  •  •  5Kg  i, 
«hiehV.  ti»A  vare  «  i  Wl  up  v.ith  .,i,"n  vdi  \  \  u  d«>ri»:1» 
'"vl'^Vhcr-,  and  all  Kind  'I  liter.iti.i. ,  fof  the  »*<»)lfl. 
»X^v>t  llu-  ni  .ti  f'ejierA»v>iii.  Tin  '  rll  u  for  liuuiaiiin, 
rheliirii ,  and  plel  .f  >phy  ,  tin-  le  on-\  l»t  i«i»hvi»irits, 
.ind  ilie  iliiid  I.),-  uav  i  _  iiiiiii,  ><J?vsfiom\^  x\\  wthci" 
I'irnns  iiMi  rvirnt  to  ihein.  InalllH^*'  \>>i.rh  arc 
^ejrt  «tiilri  Hn  ■'  .\-u  ipLiir,  and  l.^.v  >    »  iIk'  fafU'-  .t.v , 


'H'  em  i.li;.,;;i.ni(  nl  to  fXCrJ  ti,  \S\\  \\  iCljur.'tii  e  fti 

T"   tli.-i.    (!:e   tjfli.    pii'..  e  aJ>le  I  a  i*>«iie/ilary. 


.1)1  <1 

die- 

whii'i  i   tt  ^  ,>'1^  onr  .)f  jhV  ♦ii.tl^  (\riut\Mte*  ■n  Mu'i 

co».  SMf  «*n-  of  the   h.  ft  fiuailh.  1  wijl.  ,<«  forts  01 

n>'  '"  •*•.,.  An  >,  i^     III  liirn[K".     It  i'.  p'.v  un.h'f  »lw 

.  .1  o<  •  M»    f  iMniJiv.,  wh  I  .'re  allrv. 

i-rs  iti  "'ill 

I'ofitl'lll' ,    nrvtl 


their  prelCMjiti' 
iheit  patients  f 
( ciild  n<>r  p<4l',. 


i  t.'u  \k\\  mal 
tiioiigU  t!,(  motV  Hovi  lib  lit  tH«if  r\wn- 

ibulyi-i;'  to  plra'e  ilii-  r\e  iti   talb"  \jk 
'  ,  .<•   \v     do  ii'  •■'■';',!in  I,  bit   iwKli'aie 

l'  '•     -  ■  1'     l.i'      '  .'   tlull    dlitJS,  whul> 

;   '     :..  .!  by  '  if    j'eiple  of  «>y  urtir 

kouiKry. 


I-.UROPL',. 

country.  '1 
10,000  rubli 
iiifhes  not  01 
ii|)al  cities  i 

We  cann 
foundling  Ik 
lupportcd  I: 
and  conduct 
pram!  pile  ( 
fnmt  tew  ye 
bability,  nil 
great  care  <i 
herty  of  clu 
lor  that  pur 
tureseltablil 
through  a  ■. 
liberty  of  Il- 
ls bellowed 
niitted  to  ca 
pire.  This 
peafants  are 
witliout  the 

The  com 
offices,  arc 
femble  gao 


lia\iiig  ap;;r 
who  are  kep 
adminillered 
people  here  I 
tire  whole  cit 
moflly  of  fii 
deny  them 
walk  the  f^rc 
rorners,  with 
hands,  which 
fuch  dextcrit 
down,  after  s 
off.  Thelcdi 
holidays,  and 
perfim  was  fc 
certain  place, 
it  was  not  owt 
to  ferve  on  al 
iidays,  fome  p 
Murders  w 
few  nights  pai 
in  the  l^rectsi 
parties,  and  H' 
to  little  fear,  t 
fon's  own  doi 
great,  that  nf 
happy  victim 
at  leall  havinj 
who  had  occ: 
in  (-ompanies 
vaiits  oil  liorli 
by  thefe  rulfi 
iUi'k,  with  a 
with  iron,  wi 
llroke  i  and 
a  good  liim  c 
would  genera 

I  he  higliv 
'Ihi,  as  tile'  \ 
ti-:ivelliiig  in 
Ipies  in  the  to 
was  to  let  oil 
att<nded.  A 
themf<-lves  tl. 
wood  tlirougl 

The  write 
tleiivaii  of  rai 
been  attache 
tnaiiner.  (ii 
two  (e  vant-. 
Handing  beh 
tight  iaiboiii 
Hedge  to  til- 


)6RAPnY. 

and  niMr  the  cliurrb 
;  oi"  >\e  priiiri's  win* 
hniiil.  I'lic  jiaIIv  with 
If  Jupi-rb.  'rholc  of 
inri^  vi-lvct,  and  Ji,-,vp 
g<)IJ<-n  cjiicilix  upon 
irid  cnricJu'd  nhh  vill 
Ijiecially  iiucrii  t;.)n», 
h  and  (jtlur  jir  .'Ciju* 

■n  nn-  )if  re  nuiT  erou'. ; 
il,.t'cs  and  noblfmrii's. 
ia  the  city  ;  ihc  I'oim- 
11  to  adorn  them  witli 
j^ardfjis,  and  every 
utifiil.  'riieie  is  or.c 
\  mile  out  of  the  cit',  , 
.'•'Oj;hi:i,  who  havl  car.- 
iirotlirr  the  f7.Ar  Wi.-f 
rjiieJ  her  d.iys.  I:  is 
iulh  ■joc  nu-'ii  belo.-jT  - 
liar  a'x,  and  r.tver  llu 
■s  nn-.  pcTinitrtd  u  du. 
]id:i;  ,  ^(.>^vil!^  on  t!ir 
ch  are  r.;il;-j  [.>  u  cnn- 
>y  :i'.e  jirol'ped  of  tijc 

Jepjl'dem,  f;r,  .1  'uic 


T 


i;e  iivirc'i. 


}'■ 


01). It : 

re    all   cntlo'ti'    v.  itL 

:iin<_;  cr.e   l;Jc    of  llir 

auii/ijl  lUtailie  1  iiUi ; 

ill,  i!u-  fmell  lav.iii  iii 

a  noble  river.     In  the 

-■r,  It.uv.ls  the  b'j;li°r's 

■\      h  is  quite  alone, 

one  of  whicli  are  four 

r. here  are  hi.s  kitchen, 

ittendantb.     The  area 

■>ur  eight,  nr  nt  rrofr 

one  i>  a  finall  ffDve. 

s  bedaii-Jpillou.   llii 

Ererv  iTary  of  Jin 

tin-  rni.f,  l\xr  rlie  con 

I  o'.iiury.     It  ha   hi:r 

Ivf^    lii;!-,r   fr.-iiii   o:;l- 

•.iLier  V.  1 .  n.i  lienr.'u 

|)i!,d  :■  nr,t  larj;e,  b:.'. 

\h.r/   b:::    ii-.i-d'cinc. 

liifFiciem  t.>  C'.nr  a!i 

v'lc. .     Ai  the  i\clt 

■mv.:   C'.ij.da.     Th- 

i^;li,  wit!i  .>.  ;^.ii!cry 

'I  h"-  winJiiAi  arc 

.c   u'.ill.i  are  all  Ivuiio 

le    lj.ints,  \-i_Ty  riciilv 

a!..l  prec'.or.i  fDijci ; 

aJi.riiL-J  v.;!!;  v.i,-''\» 

J  here  ilirc-  •    \\\j,  i. 

1    ;:  \  i  I!  \    iU\!i>«  Ml 

u   i  ,  fof  the  mM. 
'  ill  lo  for  hiiU5aiiit>, 
'i;  \i)t  uulH«iMirit»,, 
;■  >ni>ni\,  ■»  >  I   uther 

I  .dl  Oviv  >>)Ltli  arc 

i  IIk    felfJl'-   .'Lit, 

I  ie!jr  .'til  e  {tt\- 
^1  led  a  v'  »JM-nlary, 
t  'UuvlxMr*  Ml  Mo! 

II  I  wii'  14O  iorts  0} 
li  is  pv  undvif  »l\e 

III  v..  i  (fi,  Uel!  m.il 
I)"..  i.U  II)  iKvir  cxun- 
(   I'lr  t\e  III   talle  U4 

i'.n  I,  bii  HAUle.ue 

:'.;  h    dlii;)V,  \>hu\ 

•)  ie  oi  »uy  iwVr 

» ouarry. 


F.UROPL'..] 


GREAT     R  U  S  S  I  A. 


679 


country.  Tiiis  difpeiifary  hath  a  yearly  revenue  of 
•:o,oc<i  rubles,  to  renew  tiu'ir  materia  nii'i/iiii ;  and  fur- 
iiiihes  not  only  all  the  army,  but  iikewil'e  all  the  prin- 
ii|)al  cities  in  the  empire  with  medicines. 

We  cannot  omit  to  mention,  in  this  place,  the 
foundling  holpital,  founded  by  tiic  [)r;fent  Kmprefs, 
lii|iported  l)y  voluntary  contributions,  well  emiowed 
and  conducted  by  very  juilicioiis  ret';ulations.  Ir  is  a 
j.'rand  pile  of  building,  and  contained  jcc  foundlinf^s 
Irimt  tew  years  -.vjn  ;  but  their  numht-r  is,  in  all  pro- 
bability, niireh  iiureafed.  The  ciiildren  are  taken 
preat  care  of,  and,  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  have  tiie  li 
berty  of  choofing  any  ])articnlar  branch  of  traiie  ;  and 
lor  that  purpofe  there  are  ilitlerent  I'pecies  of  manufac- 
tures ellablil'ied  in  the  iiol'pital.  When  tiiey  have  gone 
through  a  certain  ap[]reiuiceniip,  tluy  are  allowed  the 
liberty  of  liaing  up  for  thcmlelves.  A  turn  of  money 
ii  bellowed  upon  each  foundling  ;  and  they  are  [)er- 
mitteil  to  carry  on  trade  in  any  part  of  the  Ruffian  em- 
pire. This  is  a  great  privilege  in  Rullia,  wiiere  the 
peafants  are  flavcs,  and  cannot  leave  their  villages 
without  the  pcrmifTion  of  their  maflers. 

The  courts  of  judicature,  cuflom-houfe,  anti  other 
offices,  arc  generally  large,  and  built  of  llone,  and  re- 
femble  gaols,  i.iu],  indeed,  are  liich  in  fome  fenl'e  1 
ha\  ing  apartments  for  debtors,  as  well  as  criminals, 
who  are  kejit  there  ciiained  up.  Jullice  is  in  general 
adminillered  with  ibme  ftriilnefs  and  I'everity  ;  but  the 
people  here  being  naturally  lazy,  and  given  to  drinking, 
th.e  whole  city  fwarms  v.ith  begga'';  and  vagabonds,  and 
moltly  of  fuch  a  Ihirdy  breed,  that  it  is  dangerous  to 
deny  them  alms.  This  makes  it  very  hazardous  to 
walk  the  ftrccts  in  the  night ,  tiirtliey  freijuently  lurk  in 
corners,  with  a  fliort  truncheon,  or  bludgeon,  m  their 
hands,  which  tliey  throw  at  the  heads  of  palfenger:,  witli 
fuch  dexterity,  that  they  feldom  fail  of  knocking  thein 
down,  after  which  they  rob  and  murder  tiiem,  and  go 
ofl.  1  helt!  dilaftcrs  have  iiappened  more  frequently  on 
holidays,  and  efpccially  during  the  carnival.  When  a 
perf(in  was  found  murdered,  they  carried  the  body  to  a 
certain  place,  where  it  lay  expofcd  a  day  or  two  ;  and,  if 
it  was  not  owned,  it  was  Hung  into  a  ticep  large  pit,  made 
to  ferve  on  all  fuch  occafions.  On  the  Whitfunti  ie  ho- 
lidays, fome  priefts  came  fhitherlofay  mafsfortheirlbuls. 

Murders  were  formerly  fo  frequent  in  Mofcow,  that 
few  nights  palfcd  without  fome  jh  opk  being  found  dead 
in  the  ilrects  in  the  morning.  The  villains  went  in  llrong 
parties,  and  Hew  before  they  mbbed.  This  they  did  with 
i()  little  fear,  that  they  often  peiformeil  it  before  the  jier- 
fon's  own  door  ;  and  the  terror  ot  thefe  ruffians  was  llj 
great,  that  none  ol  the  neighbours  d.ired  alFill  the  un- 
happy victim,  tor  fear  of  being  butchered  theinfelves,  or 
at  leall  liaving  their  houfes  burnt.  'H-.is  obliged  peo|)ie, 
wlio  had  occafion  to  be  in  the  iheets  in  the  night,  to  go 
in  companies  together,  or  have  a  luflicient  guard  ol  ler- 
vantson  horli-baek  to  attend  tk.eni.  Tlie  w'a[)ori  uled 
by  thcl'e  rulRans  w.is  called  a  Juhtei:,  which  was  a  long 
lliik,  with  .1  round  kn-ib  at  one  end,  and  made  heavy 
with  iron,  with  which  tliev  tlruck  a  man  dead  at  one 
ilroke  ;  and  il  any  one  of  them  hapj'ened  to  l)e  tjk(  n, 
a  good  turn  of  money,  from  the  guig  tly-v  ludoiigei.!  to, 
would  generally  get  them  ofl". 

riie  highways  are  alio  muc!i  infefl'-d  bv  thefe  '-rjl-o- 
rius,  as  the;-  were  calleil,  wiiich  made  it  verv  d..uigeroiis 
tiavelliag  in  any  part ')f  Rullia  ;  t'lr  they  had  thiii 
lines  in  the  fnvns,  wlri  i-;!('rm;d  them  when  any  peiliui 
uas  to  let  out  on  a  iouiiiev,  and  how  tiiey  were  to  be 
att(  nded.  Aceotkling  to  this  intormaiion  tiiey  prepared 
ihemiidves  tor  an  attae!c,  and  w.iv-l.iid  thcin  in  lome 
wootl  through  which  tkiy  were  ti  p.il--. 

The  writer  <jf  this  ace. mat  was  informed  by  a  gen 
lleman  of  rank  ai;d  veracity,  th.it  the  C'ar  liimli  llhad 
been  attacked  in  his  yo'jn;',;r  tl.iys,  m  tlie  followin", 
tnannir.  Goin.' iij^n  a  viiit  one  eveninir,  attended  ly 
twii  levants,  the  one  r;di."ig  belore,  ,iiid  the  otli'i 
It.mding  behind  the  laclge,  uji  came  a  Hedge  wiili 
ei;^ht  iaibonies  in  it,  ami  wiie  lull  i.'oi:u;  to  falKn  hi. 
fledge  to  tli'ir'  witii  a  gripi'hi'"  'ron,  whuh  tiny  cum 


monly  ufed  on  tliefe  orrafions;  but  t!.e  Cz.ir  being  then 
young,  flout,  and  vigorous,  got  U])  and  li  i/.ed  one  of 
the  robbers  by  the  hair  of  t'  <•  head,  pulled  him  out  ot 
their  fledge,  and  kee|)ing  his  hold,  drove  out  of  their 
reach,  dragging  the  fellow  along  with  him  till  he 
reached  the  hoiif'e  of  the  nobleman  he  inrended  ro  vifit, 
which  he  entf-ed  ill  of  a  Iweat,  fliil  holding  the  fellow 
by  the  hair. 

\Mieii  the  iiitlian  underflood  it  v.-as  tlie  Czar  thcv 
l:ad  attacked,  he  Ihook  and  trembled,  laying,  if  they 
hail  known  \sho  lie  was,  they  would  not  have  metldled 
with  him;  and  then  begged  he  might  be  put  to  death 
without  being  [lut  to  the  torture.  'J'o  this  his.  majefty- 
confuited,  on  conditicjn  tliat  he  difcovered  the  rcll  of 
his  gang;  but  this  l.e  would  not  do,  without  a  promife 
of  his  life,  and  a  reward,  which  was  alio  granted  him; 
and  he  went  with  a  detachment  of  fokliers  to  the  ren- 
dezvous of  his  com]ianions,  and  coming  to  the  houfe, 
he  called  to  them  to  open  the  docif.  On  hearing  his 
voice  they  directly  opened  it;  fo  that  the  foldicrs  rulhed 
in,  and  Icized  not  only  his  fevcn  accomplices,  but 
thirteen  others  of  the  fame  gang,  who  were  foon  after 
all  executetl,  except  the  inlormer. 

At  another  time  the  Cznr  was  attacked  on  his  way 
from  Mofcow  to  Xovogorod,  when  he  was  attended  by 
lour  fervants  only.  Going  from  Tevcr  he  was  flopped 
by  a  llrong  party  of  rafbonics,  on  which  he  immedi- 
ately jumped  out  of  his  fledge  with  a  fword  drawn  in 
one  hand,  and  a  cocked  piflol  in  the  otl'.cr,  and  told 
them  he  was  the  Czar,  afl^ing  them  what  they  wanted? 
They  replied  they  were  poor  ^ellows,  reduced  to  great 
want;  and  as  he  was  their  lord  and  mailer,  he  was  the 
propereit  jierlbn  to  relieve  them.  He  told  tiiem  he  had 
no  money  about  Jiim ;  to  which  tncy  anfwercd,  if  he 
had  tluy  would  take  none  fiuin  !iim;  but  defired  that 
he  wouki  give  them  a  wr-  .--.  orcier  to  the  governor  of 
Xovogorod,  for  what  :•.•)-.  n;  picafed  to  bcflow  upon 
them  ;  begging  that  it  :',i,  'c  fuch  as  would  relieve 
them  from  their  flraits.  1  ne  tJzar  then  alkcd  tliem  if 
1000  rubles  would  be  fufficient;  and  on  their  faying 
they  would,  he  wrote  an  order  for  that  fuin,  payable  at 
fight;  for  which  they  difparched  one  of  their  number, 
who  very  |l)on  returned  with  t!ie  morley.  They  then 
obliged  the  Czar  to  return  to  Trever,  and  to  pledge  his 
royal  word  not  ro  profecute,  or  even  enquire  after  them ; 
promifing  to  amend  their  lives,  and  become  gooil  fub- 
jeCts  for  the  future.  Inflead  of  proceeding  to  Novo- 
gorod,    the  Czar  returned  back  to  Mofcow. 

'I'he  city  of  Mofcow  is  much  decayed  from  its  .anci- 
ent grandeur  and  opulence,  lince  the  building  of  that 
of  I'eterlburg.  However,  it  is  full  of  inhabitants; 
.-..".d  all  kinvis  of  provilions  are  brouglit  to  it  in  great 
jilenty,  and  fold  very  cheaj);  Hfli  being  the  only  dear 
liiod,  which  is  occafioned  both  by  the  number  of  inha- 
bitants, the  four  lents,  and  other  falh,  that  arc  obfer- 
ve.l  by  the  RuHians.  Tiiis  cheapnefs  hath  fo  t.ir  low- 
ered the  price  of  land  all  about  tiic  country,  that  tlie 
nobility  and  gentry  are  great  fuffercrs  by  it,  tiitiref- 
tates  being  reduced  to  liirle  more  th;in  jr.c-t!i,rd  ot 
wh.it  they  formerly  biougl-.t  in,  whe.T  t!;e  city  was  i.n 
its  tlourilliing  tfate.  'I'he  canal,  made  by  the  order 
and  direction  of  the  late  Peter  the  Great,  to  open  a 
communicationbetwecn  this  metropclis  and  his  new- 
built  and  favourite  ciiv  of  Peteifburg,  and,  by  that 
me.uis  to  the  Baltic  and  German  Oce,;n,  is  a  great  nnd 
nofili  uorkj  which  liath  been  lc!ne  lime  finiOied,'  at  an 
immeiiie  ihnrge  and  labour,  running  betv.een  two 
cities,  which,  in  a  dire.it  line,  lland  near  90  leagues 
.iliiiKlcr.  h  begins  at  I'eterlburg,  oil  rhc  river  Niewa, 
er  Niev.i,  v.liiih  em;. ties  irfelf  into  the  gulplj  of' Fin- 
land, and  going  dp  that  river  quite  to  the  lake  of  La^ 
ilogi,  irollis  it  at  the  Ibutli  end,  and  enters  into  the 
\\  oltofl',  another  river,  wl-.ich  Hows  thither  from  the 
oioviiice  of  Novogorod.  l-'rom  th.e  capit.  I  of  that 
pr.)\iiKe  bei'ins  what  is  properly  called  the  aititicial 
c.uvil,  wliiili,  p.iliing  through  tilt  territories  cl  Brog;- 
II1I-,  (.  hrel',:;.',  Cluloliva,  VVitlirlina-Wilotciia,  Torf- 
cliuik,  the   1  rovince  of    I'were,    and   the   diltri.t  of 

Klh;. 


$io         A  S'tAV,  RO VAL  Avn  AUTHENTIC  SYSTKM  or  UNlVF US  \1.  GFOCR  A  I'H Y 


Kiln,  •l•c.uhf^  a?  length,  the  city  of  Molcow,  .iiul  cn- 
ritlifb  it  by  tiu-  vail  qvi;uuitii>  of  nHrciiaii.lii'.i'  ili.it  art- 
brought  to  ami  fVoin  tliat  caiiiial. 

There  is  a  very  coiilidt rabic  manufaiftiirc  at  Mol- 
cow  of  various  hemp  talnicks,  [lartioiilar'y  tail  cloth  ; 
and  fhectins;,  whirli  employs  loim  fhoiiramis  of  looms, 
ami  nianv  flHuilaiuK  ot  [xoplr.  The  hemp  is  moll  <>t 
it  broi!i;iit  troin  r  le  Li'kiaiiie.  There  .i"  alio  i^re.il 
numbers  ol  eonlideiable  mer;hants  here,  who  tarry  in 
a  very  extenllve  tommeice  nitii  all  parts  of  the  em- 
pire; for  tiuTc  is  wtt  r-earriai^i:  from  hence  to  tiii' 
Black  and  Catpiaii  Seas,  and  witii  but  liw  interrup- 
tions to  the  Baltic  alfo,  whii  h  arc  circumllances  tiiat 
make  it  the  center  of  a  very  great  commeri  i . 

This  rity  is  much  betti  r  lituated  jo.  ihi-  metropolis 
oi  the  emi)iie  than  1\  terflimt!;,  It  is  almoll  in  the  cen- 
ter ot'  the  moll  eultiv.iteil  parts  of  it.  commun;i  .iting, 
in  lilt  manner  above-ni(ntioneii,  with  the  rhne  inland 
leas,  not  at  a  great  dill.uite  from  the  moll  inipr)r(.mt 
province  of  the  enipiie,  the  Ukraine;  ojien  to  tiie 
ioiithcrn  terriiories  on  tiu-  Black  .Sea;  and,  by  means 
of  the  rivers  Wolg.i  anil  l)(in,  roinnianding  an  in- 
land navigation  of  prfuiigious  extent,  /ts  vicinity  allij 
to  tiie  countries  which  mud  always  be  the  feat  of  .mv 
Mars  with  ti:e  i  iirks,  the  etiemies  moll  to  be  attended 
to  of -dl  thole  V. ith  \vhom  ihc  iiiilli.ins  w.i.ie  u.ir,  up-on 
the  whole  made  it  inliniitly  a  bi  tt<  r  litu.ition  for  the 
feat  of  government,  than  tliat  of  IVitriinirg,  which  is 
at  the  \e!y  extreinity  of  the  empire,  and  iiolUHing,  lew 
of  thole  advantages.  I-'ouiidini;  that  city,  and  making 
it  tiie  teat  of  foreign  conuneice  and  nav.il  power,  wa.s 
an  .uimirabLc  exertion  ol  genius  ;  but  the  leat  of  go- 
\eriiini  nt,  in  our  opinion,  Oiuuid  always  li.ive  been  at 
iV'  )lrov.'.  This  city  lit ■^  in  1  It.  5;.  4;.  Ion.  .;>>.  45.  1'.. 

.  .''a  IS  a  fmall  but  handlome  town,  tiimeil  for 
the  uuitly  moiiallery  oi  il'..it  name,  or  convent  of  the 
Trinity,  a  Ipa' '  boikling,  with,  three  large  gati.s 
ai'.danoble  churc  n,  .  .ndingin  tlie  middle  of  the  fciuaie. 
The  abbot  hcic  is  lo  licli,  th.u  he  has  60,000  j>e,ifants 
dependent  tin  liim,  be/ides  other  r'  venues.  'I'he  cx.ars 
have  lomc  .iparuiunts  for  thenifelves,  and  a  noble  pa- 
lace, llrongly  t()rtuieil.  In  this  monalleiy  it  w.is  that 
[he  lite  cyai  Peter  I.  in  his  younger  ays,  was  tijrced 
10  retire,  to  lecuic  lumlilt  iiom  the  ,  i,v(jf  the  Boy.ird 
l-'ou/anlki  and  his  Strelitzes,  who  plu.'u  ered  and  mur- 
(  «reil  all  opponents  in  his  metropolis  ,ind  from  the 
plot,  and  tonlpiiacies  of  his  ambitious  filler.  It  I'.aiuls 
about  40  mills  north  of  Mofiow. 

Columna  is  lituated  n(  ar  the  confines  of  the  liuchv  of 
KeZiU,  on  the  weili  in  llioie  of  the  ri'.'er  Otca,  wiiith 
I'.ivi'.'.cs  it  hum  ll.ibcula,  or  luburb,  on  t'le  ojipolite  li.'i-. 
[t  is  .-ilnioll  of  a  round  figure,  half  .1  mile  in  loir.par'-i 
well  fortilieil  witli  a  Hone  wall,  fix  laihciiiis  high,  and 
tv.o  thick,  aud  lianked  with  llout  and  high  towns,  at 
tiie  dilbnie  ot  icop.ices  from  t.ich  other;  but  it  is  now 
gone  to  dtcay,  and  is  almoll  ruinid  on  one  (ide.  I'lir 
luburb,  v.liich  is,  called  Colutwina  SliliOda,  is  liie  pl.u  e 
where  the  merchandi.a-s  are  <xpolt:d  to  I'.de.  The  lity 
h.ith  iiotiiing  conlidc  rable  in  it  <  xtqit  the  line  ll.itiK 
(hiirch  o(  t!ic  N'iigin  Mary,  and  the  archicpif  opal  p,- 
iace :  being  tiierttore  iligniiied  wirh  the  litk-  of  .in 
.uxhbilhopric. 

Coloiiienlko  i:.  a  liuall  city  in  the  neighbomiiooii  ol' 
Moicow,  lituate  on  .HI  tniinence,  I'min  v.hiih  it  yiilds 
a  be.uitii'iil  iirol'tieO't.  Here  is  ;i  h..ndlonie  eliun  h, 
with  two  high  tow«r.,  -ml  a  Hatch  nnnaittry.  It  hath 
two  avcuues  to  it  (..rr  the  Mofta,  which  mull  lie 
trolied  ov  r  a  l'.(j:it  ■  ,  timber  tiiflened  together,  lij  .\s 
ro  be  loolened  ,uid  <.r,  iiicd,   it  give  jjali'ige  to  the  vef- 


teis  t!i;it  go  up  atid  di,  •. n. 

Molaikh  Is  andthf-r  "iv. 
.iboul  nine  It  .enies  ',i,\ir  .-• 
but  no!  10  conliili  .-.iLili  .11 

Till  Du(  liv  of  H)  1  •)\s  1 
ir\,  and  w.is  f()rmerlv   il.i- 


r.:t:.ited  on  'J.i-  l.uiie  nvt  r, 
:ll  ol  tile  CUV  ol  .Mt'lcow, 
nfeiit  a.  if  w.is  torm-riv. 
a  rich  aiKl  plcntiltil  I'oii.i- 
jirll  tlutiiy  in  :'ll  KuiFui, 
next  Co  that  of  Novogfiroil.  It  v.-.i,  gi;veiiii\i  by  its 
<:\\n  dukes,  till  the  t/ar  Iwan  li.diiowitz  put  i.ne  fill  tjf 
Micm  to  d^ath,  aiisl  fci^td  u:;  tii:-,  '■  iiiior)',  Mm)  15'j^. 


ijiuioui  town.  Handing  at  .111  c..;u.d 


It  was  afterwards  alkgned  fi^  thi-  iiiaiti'enance  of  the 
C Mrowit/,  or  heir  appaic.it.  Roibiw  aboiliiils  with 
loiii,  fruit,  herbs,  yarn.,  vxc.  I'he  i.ipital,  i  dietl 
Kollow,  is  a  large  town  and  mctropoliian  lie,  litu.ueiJ 
on  the  lake  Rollow,  from  whence  iiliies  the  liuallrivii 
C'obris,  or  Kollpai ,  which  runs  inti)  tiie  Vi)lg ,.  'I'lii, 
city  llands  about  i  zo  miles  to  the  iiouli  of  Mi)]cow, 
ami  lontains  fomc  eligant  lloin   i  hurilit   . 

I  Iglit/,  lituatid  on  me  Noiga,  .iljouL  ;,  j  ii.ile>  to  the 
wi  llward  ot  Roll.iw,  is  telebraied  lor  iht  '  \i  ■■Utiu  v  of 
the  bread  made  111  it.  It  was  Ikic  tli.it  tile  young 
pviiuc  nciiii  irius,  fon  of  the  c^ar  Iw.iii  li  ililowit/.,  wis 
miirdi  lid  by  .nder  of  liis  hrothcr-in-law,  I  Mdi  n-.vi;/. 
(i.ultii.iw,  liming  a  tumult,  which  was  occ.uioiud  In  .1 
conllagratioii  maile  on  purpole,  aud  tlie  nuirden  r 
ulurped  the  throne. 

Chlopigorod  w,is  lorintilya  place  ot  coiilidcubic 
tr.iJe,  but  is  now  gone  to  decay 

I'erillaw  is  a  laij 
diihince  iioiii  Mui.i.w  and  Roilo»\.      I'he  oiher  u>\<,i.-> 
and  vilLigtsare  known  by  the  naiiiesor  MoIol^i  ,  .-.  im- 
bratol),  lii'o,  linbiiowa-Nov.i,  and  Baliiia-Nov.ii  ln.i 
none  of  tluiii  lont.iin  any  tiling  remarkable. 

lilt'  Diicliy  oi'  Y'lhosuav.  I.  \  i.s  ex^icdiiig  ftrtilc, 
abounds  iiitli  c.rn,  i.'.ttle,  and  liouey,  and  l.>  v. Jlertu 
by  the  N  ol^a,   wliii  ii  runs  through  t.ie  iiea;'t  oi  u. 

The  I  .ijMtal,  Ycroilowli,  is  a  lliuiig,  wi  II  toiiilied, 
large,  populous  ri'y,  conr.iiniiig  40,000  iiihabitaiu.s.  Ir 
is  aliouL  j6  miles  ro  (he  mjithuard  of  Roll.jw,  aiKil:'. 
a  conliderablc  trade  ill  loi.i,  cattle,  leather,  h)iiey,  >'»:c. 
'1  he  othtr  tow.'isol'  ttii,  aillii^t  an  I'oiii  i-fvova,  and 
Dornelutke,  but  luitiitr  ot' thc:ii  Loiitaln  any  tiling 
Worthy  ot  obfervaiion. 

The  Duiliy  (;i  Bil.' j  i.sox  \  ; .  a  very  liuaii  prin  im  e, 
IK  , illy  circular,  .:.nd  dei ives  its  name  Irom  a  lake  called 
Hicle-O,:oro,  or  the  While  Lake,  which  i>  ^o  miles 
lorg,  and  10  bro.id,  and  on  the  banks  of  which  itaiv.is 
the  capit.il  ot'  the  l.uiie  name.  The  whole  is  lii  much 
cncumbi'iid  with  Likes,  feus,  lio^s,  woods,  o.c.  tiiat 
the  road.;,  in  general,  are  iililcls,  ixcept  in  tiie  \.inter, 
when  the  froll  renders  fheiii|)ali.iblc.  J'herc  i:  pleiit.' 
oi  lilli  .ill  lAcr  the  ]irovi,u  t,  .iiid  kjiiie  ji.iris  .ill'orii  corn 
;uid  palUire. 

i'he  cajiital,  Bicle-Ozoro,  or  Bclo/era,  is  flronglv 
tortiiied,  liatli  an  important  talllc,  and  is  iuriound<  .1 
by  tlie  waters  of  the  bttijre  mentiijncd  lake.  L'pon  the 
whole,  it  is  a  large  and  populous  pl.ice. 

1  he  Duchy  ot  XOloi.ih  is  l.irge,  woolly,  nvnir.- 
taiuous,  full  of  lakes,  i'eii^.  and  .ib.iiiiids  witn  ii:!i  and 
;;ame,  but  is  d.i-tlitute  (jf  moll  other  kinds  of  pr.)\iiiM,  . 

\  ohjgda,  the  c.i|iit.il  tn  this  pioviiui  ,  iltu.it-,-i,  i,-: 
both  tides  01  t  le  rivrr  o;  tin-  lauie  ii.uric,  is  a  <  .ULicio;. .. 


p.'ipulous,   ;;;id   i  ,imi;u  l\  i.ll 
m.iny  iMigliih,   Uutth,  .ukI 


a.iti , 


ip. 
bi  li.lto  native 


iitucr  iiiercii.ir. 


ivlidr  I,, 
11.  i'liistity  is  one  of  r!;e  111, .ll  ;uicient:  iiulil.in  .u\  .1 
fj  iliopal  lies,  litu.itt   111  .11    ;  (o  miles  to  tiii-  iii»rt'u>..i. 


i;l  Molci/V. ,  lurrouiK!i\l  by  ,1  limie  w.ili 
by  a  lironi'  lortnl'i.      I'hc  iliti : ,  .ire  01 


a:i.l  dekti 

,1 


ini!  rc';i:l.:i, 


!  ., 


t;ie  liouiis  h.uidloiiie,   and  i!,t   markets  well  furuiiluM, 
(  vt  r\  commodity  being  tiilJ  in  ,1  peculiar  tpLi.u'fcr.    I'-e 
liver  is  bfiad  ami  n.ivig.ibie,  and  the  citiiedr..!  nr-.g;;. 
11  lit;   befuli's  v.aich  he.'c  are  io  llonc  Mwl  .<  ;  ■..i/odi, 
i  liiii.lu-s,  three  niiniierus,  with  an  eleg.iiu  i.  !i.'|  •  I  .ipj^'  ■ 
tainin,;  to  e.u  ii,   ir^t. 

I  twinit/.i,  liuiated  on  a  rivfr  ol  the  l.ime  nam; ,  \. !.',.  !i 
fill,  into  the  Vologda,  is  a  tiiiall  but  well  pcopk  i  :  ..... 
On  the  ri\er  \'i  log^da  aie  likewiic  nso  oihei  i;K  .uifi..i. . 
;lljti;  towns,  iKimed  .'"loolka  .iiiil  .Strelit/. 

1  lie  Province  ol  C  ,\ni..irni.  h.i .  n  >  tiv  1  oxLtj'. 
Cug.ipol,  wliiih  1  lituatid  on  li.i  v.ilLrn  iianls,,  1,: 
rlic  liver  0"c'  I'hc   pi  oplc   .ir.    c....i  (..lingly  ri' Ic 

.(111  barl)ai  1  iic   diitna    ol    \\  i.'.a,  .11.  1   Or.v^:, 

cjiiti.guou'.  ;  I  I,,  arc  b.urni  and  riuuiv  j        :,  .1. 

1  he  pro\  iiiie '.;  l)wi\  i  1.  ol  g;L..lrs:..  ,  !j..r  : 
;;e.ir  juo  niil'.^  in  iengih,  and  in  Jorin  oi'.i  ruiiic''!  . 

i'lie  city  c,ii' Aithang:  i,  or  St.  Miciuiei  'u;;-  .;;c,...:i- 
I'.cl,  is  iitlv.mtageouily  litu.ite.i  on  riu-  c.dl  Ik!--  oi  u.c 
|)>.iiia,  wi;i..ii  ii'.ks  mtj  tilt:  Wi.iic  .se.i,    i"s  lu.!-..  br 


T 


.KAl'HV. 

■  in.iiircnLUii'c  of  tlie 
ioilow  ,i1>i)iiikIs  witli 

I'lif  i.iiiit.'.l,  I  ilieil 
rii|)ij|itaii  lit',  llt:i,iiciJ 
I-  iiuii-.s  the  liii.illrivc  I 
int.)  tin-  V'olff ,.  Tlii, 
lie  MdUil  l)t'  Moicow, 

luii\  ii<  . 

.ihoui  :.  J  iiiilc^  to  tiic 
i  I'lr  lilt  '•Mirllciu  y  of 
luiL-  III, It  tiic-  yoiinj; 

lv..in  IJ  'lili)\vit/.,  was 
-ill-l.iw,  l  ii'ilc  ii\>i;.i; 
1  w.is  <ni  .ini'iuil  1)^  ,1 
.lu.l    (lie    iliuriirier 


EUROPK] 


f.  ]i  F  A  T     K  U  S  S  I  A. 


6«t 


,)l,u- 


Ol    I'Oi'.llJciabii' 


II,  ilaiv.iiiigiU.iiu-.jii.il 
rt .      I  lie  otlii.'!'  iDHiis 

II  s  111    Mull  1^1   ,    .■"llll- 

lid  lj.irnu-.Sov.ii  I):. I 
■(•i!i.'.:-l..;bl'.-. 

i.s  (.■.\..ii\liiig  It  rtili', 
lOiK'v,   -.iikI  i.-.  V.  ,Uc:ta 
,'l)  t.io  lu-art  ()!  u. 
Ilioiig,  Will  Idiiiiic-.i, 

\0,r  .<0  illliabit.il'ils.    \- 

III  Ol  Kolt.jv/,  aiui  h.\ . 
r,  Irutiur,  li)iu.'y,  .'»;.. 
IK  I'. Mil  1- Nov  a,  aiiJ 
.•:ii    ^lilitaiii  any  i,.u)_l; 

a  vny  linaii  [nin  im  c, 
mc  Irom  a  lake  tiillt-il 
kf,  whicl)  k>  ^o  iiiiks 
hanks  ()t"wliii:h  lUuvK 
i'iic  wliolf  i-,  li)  iiiui'l* 
:)gs,  wood.s,  cv.-.  tint 
,  ixci-pt  ill  uic-  v.inttr, 
iblc.  'I'licrc  i:  (licit. 
loiiK-  jiai'ts  afroiM  corii 

;■  Hclo/cra,   i>  Oronf^'v 
lu',  aiul  ii  iiiiioiiii'.ii  .1 
'^iicil  lake.      L' [)').■!  the 
pi.ice. 
large,  woo.ly,  nvniii- 

.ib.llliuis  V.  it.'l  IJ'l  ;!;|,1 

cr  kimU  oi  iiruiii'M.  . 

]>rovinci,  iicLi.it'.-i,  .,■; 
^■  ii.tiiic,  i-i  a  c  aji.iciii;. .. 
1  ,  as,  liili.li .,  imiiv!  ■ . 
cr  iiicrtiiaii'  >  t\  I'ldi-  i.i 

aiu'ieiK  lUiliian  ai\  .i 

llilcb  to  t!.i'  lloil'l.v..!.! 

inc  wall,  a:i.l  i'.i-:i.iv.;  •.! 
.'.re  oicr.  ::ii.l  R';;!:l.:r, 

iiaikciv  ulU  iuiiiiiliiM, 
peculiar  (|U.;r'ir.  I'-e 
the  [ati-,t\i:„l  III;;';;;. 

i  Itoiie  aiul  .'  ;  '..i,o,;i. 
1  elcjv.illt  ill 'j  •  1  ,;['-  ■ 

llie  laiiic;  I'.aiiu  ,  \.!.'.,!i 
)ia  v.cll  ;!,-(i;)1l  i  :  ,.  ... 
e  mo  oli;r.  i.iv  .uiiiu^ . 
itrelitz. 

I,  li.i.'.  IV)  toV.  ;l  CXCiJ't 
tl.i;  v.ilLra  liarikj  ijl 

.1.'  e....i  t  Jiii^'Jy  rule 
i    W  li'.a,  .<!,  i    OiV.-.z'., 

tiiinly  [      _  i.  i. 

i'l    !^;i...l  Iv-  ,     ,    1/'..:,;' 

Iiirin  oi'a  ru.:,i;'  ■;  . 
t.  Mic;u:ei  l\:r  ,;:.,.. .:i- 
oil  rile  cad  111/   (li  II. ■- 
ale  Sea,    is  a,..'.:-,  be 


low  it.     Tlie  Iioiifei  are  nmftly  of  modern  arrliirecbirc,  ii 

the  builders  lecniiii;^  to  li:ive  li.id  in  view  tliofe  exeelleiu  ! 

rn  ixiiiis  Ol  (Icfign,  v.  iiirh  oiii  iiiiiiiitablc  poet  Pope  liat.'i  i 
tluis  eU-g.iiuly  vcrfilied: 

To  build,  to  plant,  w!utPvcryo\i  intond; 
'I'o  rear  tlir  roliimn,  or  the  in'li  to  bend; 
'I'o  I'well  the  terrace,  or  to  fink  the  ^rot; 
In  all,  let  nature  never  he  fot[;nt: 
But  treat  the  godilel'.  like  a  inodell  (air, 
Nor  over  drel's  nor  leave  her  whilly  bare:  ' 

Let  not  e.nh  beauty  ev'ry  where  be  Ipv'il,  j 

Where  half  tlie  IkiU  is  dee.  iiily  to  iiide.  i 

He  gains  all  points,  who  plealin;^ly  <  oiifoiinds,  | 

Surprizes,  varies,  and  eom.eals  the  bounds.  j 

1 
The  moll  ronliJ.  r;\li!r  rdilire  here  is  the  pal.iee,  or   ; 
li.ill,  built  of  large  IcpMri-  lii'iies,  alter  the  Itali.in  man-   ; 
ni  r,  divided   into   three   p.utsj   in   one    of  which  the 
nK■r^il;lnt^,  both  Kulliaii  and  foreign,  have  I  irge  and   ' 
roiweiiient  .ipartmt  iits,  f()r  themlelves  and  their  ware-.: 
liiit  afur  the   (liips  ,i'e  filled  aw.iy,  which  they  com     ; 
nionly  ilo  in  Oct'. her,   tiny  ;ire  ohlite  1  lo  remove  to 
other  lodgings.   Thi.s  pal.iie  is  .i  l.iigi'  llatily  building, 
with  a  fpacious  court  before  it,  v.i'.iih  re.'.rhei  quite  to 
the  river.     The  coiiits  of  iullie  e,  both  civil  and  crimi- 
nal, arc  lul.l  in  it,    in  tlu  ir  pr.ipi  r  ajMrtiiieiUs.     The    , 
citadel,  where  the  go\enior  rt  (ides,  i,  built  after  tlie 
Kiifri.'.ii  manner,  and   lurrounded  vvith  Moodt  ii  (eiiees,   , 
■whii  h   ie;ich  allii  ijiiife   to  the  river.      In  it  are  a  vail 
nuniln  1  and  variety  of  lliops,  when-  the  Kuniaiis  llore 
up  their  menh.indi/is  againlt  the  (air.    Here  is  plenty 
of  provilions,    as  llifii,    fowl   of  all   forts,  efpecially   j 
wild,  and  lilh  in  great  v;iriity.     T'vie  are  fold  extra- 
ordinary cheap,  particul.irly   paiLiidge'!,  v.hivli  com- 
monly i'.  II  at  abo-.it  -jd.  oi  4(1.  per  brace  ;  of  which  litre 
are  two  kinds  ;   one  liki   the  co:iimon    fort  ;   and   the 
other,  which  turn  white  in  the  winter,  and  relume  their 
natur.il  colour  in  fiimmer. 

The  foundation  of  the  commerce  of  .Archangel  was 
laid  by  the  Mnglilli  in  the  year  155  ;  ;  and  tlie  advan- 
tages reajied  from  the  Rullian  trade,  induced  oilier  na- 
tions to  ref  irt  thither,  '["he  griidual  increafe  and  prof- 
{■■erity,  hfiwevrr,  of  l'eter(!nirgli,  cauled  this  city  to  de- 
cline in  the  fime  |)riijiortion.  Archangel  is  the  lee  and 
relidence  of  a  Rullian  archhilhoj^  Our  geographers 
give  itslat.  64deg.  ■j^  min.  long.  40  dig.  5  min.  call. 

St.  Nichola':,  a  fea-pnrt  town  upon  the  W  hitc  Sea, 
is  inconliderablr,  and  tlie  'raile  tiilliiiL^. 

Colmogorod  i^  a  condderable  tov.  n,  and  the  fe<-  o(  a 
Riilllan  archbidi'ip. 

Nova  Uwinika  isadrong  fortrefs,  built  todelindthf 
mouth  of  the  new  can;i!,  or  moll  northern  mouth  of  the 
Dwina,  on  the  White  Sea.  It  h:it!i  a  large  wood.i  11 
bridge  over  that  river,  with  a  draw-biidge  in  the  mid- 
dle,  wide  enough  (or  two  veil;  Is  to  pafs  a-brealK 

Sottntiza  is  a  very  confiderable  ami  pojiulous  ii:v, 
and  inhabited  by  many  w<>a!thy  merchants  and  cuiimis 
mecli.inics.  Near  this  place  is  a  territory  of  70  Cju- 
man  miles  in  extent,  n;imeil  Wollolhifgy,  inhabited  bv 
men  of  a  ilittercnt  laivuage,  and  (iippoli-d  to  have 
come  (rom  Livor.;,i.  They  are  i  i\  ili/.ed,  and  Chrif- 
tiins  of  the  dreek  churi  h, 


When  up  the  fk'es  he  flioots  his  rofy  head. 
Or  in  tl-.c  luJdy  oce.iii  fecks  his  bed. 
.Swift  rivers  are  witli  llidden  ice  conftrain'd, 
And  (ludded  wheels  are  on  their  rock.s  liiHain'd. 
The  brazen  cauldrons  with  the  (ro(l  are  (law'd; 
The  garments  iVilfwith  ice  at  hearths  are  thaw'd; 
From  locks  uncomb'd,  and  from  the  frozen  In  ar.l, 
Long  icicles  dejjenil,  and  cracking  lounds  are  heard. 

Ji.'ooR A,  or  JcnoRsKi,  i:-  a  very  large  territory. 


Its  fitiiation   is  lold  enough  to  m.ike  thi 


bur 


F.ASTKRN  MUSCOVY,  c.i   RUSSIA. 


T 


H  IS  third  diiilionof  th(  RulT.an  empire  contains 

the  following  province. 

MnnzEN  is  a  long  ti-.u  k  ol  Lind,  n.irrow,  barier., 
woody,  fenny,  mount.iiiiou',  and  cold.  The  chiel 
town,  called  Mv/./x-n,  and  the  (ew  villages  which  this 
province  c<int;iins,  are  wrctcheil  pk'.ces;  and,  indeed, 
the  whole  region  is  gloomy  and  urn omfortable. 

'I'lie  frozen  eaith  lies  biiied  here  below 
A  hilly  hrnp,   (even  1  iibir  deep  in  Inow. 
The  fun  troiii  (ar  peeps  with  a  fickly  €\ce, 
Too  weak  the  eluuds  and  mighty  fugh  to  chafe. 
No   6; 


and  uncultivated;  (o  that  the  c(j  intry  is  iiiollly  o 'cr- 
nin  with  forells,  and  covered  witi  lakes  and  bogs.  Il 
hath  .ibundance  of  rivers. 

CoMjoRA  is  a  large  province,  .vitli  the  title  of 
duchy  i  but  I'o  boggy,  woody,  and  mo  intainous,  that 
it  lieferves  no  ("artlier  delcripti'in. 

'I'ttscA  is  a  (mall  territory,  ;uid  hatli  but  one  town 
worth  naming,  viz.  Cjorodilihe,  whii.h  (lands  on  a 
fmall  river,  that  falls  about  lu  leagues  below  it  into 
the  gulpli  o(  Tee(ca. 

PrrzoR A  is  a  vail  territory,  extending  itfelf  from 
the  hike  Petzer(l\ie,  on  the  li)iithernmo(l.  part  of  it, 
ipiiti-  to  the  northern  or  Frozen  Ocean;  that  is,  from 
the  6jd  to  almoft  the  70th  degree  of  north  latitude. 
Pet/era,  fituated  upon  the  river  of  the  fime  name, 
about  jo  li.igues  from  the  I'cd,  is  but  a  fmall  place, 
and  fuppofed  to  ha\r  been  formerly  called  Pulle  Oforo, 
liom  Ionic  in'ilden  mines,  or  finds,  that  (c!l  fronj  tlio(e 
Obi.in  mount.iins  into  that  river.  The  cold  is  fo  tx- 
ceflive  here,  that  the  rivers  arc  frozen  about  eight 
inoiKas  ill  the  year.  'J'hcy  begin  to  thaw  in  the  month 
of  iM.iy,  and  to  freeze  again  in  Augud. 

'I'lie  other  towns  in  this  province  are  wholly  inion- 
fiderable. 

\'ocL'i.iz.^.     South  of  the  province  l.ifl  named,  art: 
fe.ited  the  V'ogulizi,    called  alio  \'ogulitzi,   V'ogollkoi, 
and  Vogolitzes.     They  are   a  rude,  lavage,    unculti- 
vated   people;    fo  that   their  religion,    cuiloms,    and 
manners,  are,  of  courfe,  extremely  v.igue  and  abfurd. 
They  go  drtlled  much  like  the  Ruffian  peafants;    and 
bury  the  ilead  in  their  bed  cloaths,  together  with  fomo 
money.     iVs  there  is  little  corn  comes  to  [lerfeCtion  in 
tiieir  country,   they  live  cliieOy  upon  the  milk  of  their 
cittle,  and  lucli  g.iine  as  they  kill.     They  marry  as 
iii.iny  wives  as  they  can  maintain,   whicli  they  buy  of 
tluir  parents:    but  they  are  very  fcrupulous  of  marry- 
ing within  lert.iiii  forbidden  degrees  of  conlanguinity. 
They   have   neither   cities  nor  towns,  but   villages 
made  up  of  huts,  of  a  conic  figure,  with  a  hearth  in 
the  middle,  and  a  hole  at  t!ie  top,  to   let  the   Irnoak 
out;  which    hole,  however,  they   cover  with    a   thin 
tranfparent  piece  of  ice,  to  let  fome  light  into  their 
huts,  as  foon  as  their  fewel  is  burnt  to  a  coal.     When 
a  woman  is  near  the  end  of  pregnamy,  (lie  is  obliged 
to  go  into  a  private  hut  reared  on  ])urpol"e  for  her,  and 
to  live  in   it  ki).irate    (rom  her  hufhand.     The  men 
(hoot  elks,  fillow^  deer,  and  other  game.     They  live 
i|iiiet   under   the    Ruflian   government,  and  jiay  their 
tribute  in  (kins  and  (ins.     This  country  reaches  from 
('2  deg.  JO  min.  to  almod  6j  ileg.  of  north  latitude. 
Peh.mia,  or  PiRMi.sKv,  is  one  of  the  largeil  pro- 
1    vinces  of  the  Ruili.in  empire  ;  but  it  is  fir  ("rom  being 
'     coiiliderable  in  proportion  to  its  extent.   The  moll  re 
'    nvrkable  river  is  the  Kama,  wliich  receives   fevera! 
others;  and  fprings  tioni  that   Icng  chain  of  moun- 
;   tains   wi.ich   part  it  from  Siberia,  and  extend  thcm- 
Itlves  from  the  kingdom  of  Cazan  quite  to  the  I'"rozen 
Si;i,  that  is  from  55  to  almod  7c  deg.  of  kit.    Befides 
I   tills  ridge,  the  ( ouiuiy  abounds  with  many  more,  a'; 
;j    Well   as   lakes;   lo  that  its  foil  is  fo  [m-  (iom  being  fer- 
tile, that  the  inh.ilntants  are  obliged  to  eat  pe.is,   beans, 
,   and  other  pulfe,  iiidead  of  brt.id.     Tiny  difler  like- 
I    wile  much  from  the  nations  around  them  In  other  rc- 
j     fpeCts,  as  in  their  cullonis,  religion,  &i.  and  have  a 
i;    l.inguage  peculiar  to  thenifelvts.     Tl'cy  .'ire  lubjed.  to 
I    the  Uuflkins,  and   pa\  their  tribute  in  horfes,  and  Ic- 
I    vtral  kinds  of  (iirs.     The  chief  town  is 

H  K  Fermi 


ti 


m 


«Si 


A\r\i*,  ROYAL  Avn  AUTIIF.NTIC  SYSTF.M  of  UNIVFRSAI.  r.rOGUAI'I  IV, 


I'frm.i  Whkai.i,  (ir  tlu-  lirc.it  City,  wliii  li  Ici-nis  to 
imini.iu-  loinciliiiig  hr^n:  .iml  cnnluttrahU-  :  but  moll 
aiitliiTs,  tl>at  have  Ipokcn  ol'it,  iiuiuiDii  u  as  a  [ilatt 
or  little  note. 

Ovs  nine,  or  l\Tirr,,  whuli  takes  its  name  from 
Its  eapital,  is  not  imly  linall,  but  bairtn,  a  j^re.it  part 
beint;  covered  with  vail  aiul  iiiipeiielrable  woovls. 
rhel'e  havbiHir  Itieh  a  proiligioiis  i\umbcr  of  b'a.  k 
fc.xcs,  tlir.;  their  li.rs  are  one  of  the  diirt  comm(Hhties 
III' this  eociitrv.  '1  he  eiiiet  town  is  l.)ulHoMg,  LMliutr, 
or  L'll  .liicli-  It  is  n  arthiepireopal  lee  ot'ihe  kuHkin 
ihirch,  and  iiatli  leveral  neat  eluirehts  built  ot' white 
lloi-e,  the  eiipolas  and  Ipires  oi  whieli  are  coven  d 
rvcr  '.' ich  tin.  The  otiier  churches,  as  well  as  i!ie 
hollies,  are  built  of  wood.  The  an.  hiepilcopal  palace, 
which  is  a  lar;Te  buildin;?;,  and  thr  bell  edilk'cs  in  thi:. 
citv,  arc  on  the  well  lidc  ot' the  river  Siichand.  Che 
otiiif  pait  ot  it,  over  the  water,  is  Ids  confiderable, 
but  ex.  ml,  itldt'alon:;  the  fide  ol'it,  inform  of  a  ciel- 
cent,  a  !e;:gi!e  in  lentrth,  and  a  quirtrr  in  breadth  It 
is  chitrtv  noted  for  a  yeaily  fur  lor  the  '.deoflox- 
Ikins,  and  otiici  fur<. 

ZiRANiA.along,  del.  rt,  woody  trai  k  ofl  i;ul,  i!efervcs 
ratiier  tiie  name  ot'a  forell  thar  of  a  pro^inic,  there  be- 
ii'.u;  b'.:t  few  fpnts  inliabiied,  in  coniparilim  of  the  vail 
iiiid  i!iipenetrat)le  wood^  that  fpread  ihemlclvs  over  it, 
;'.:\i  bi'.ed  innunieiable  ijiiantities  of  v.ild  bealf.  I  he 
peojle,  who  are  here  fcattcre<l  in  vdlayies,  or  p;roups 
f.,  ,  .::i  rierce,  brutiili,  and  ui.cravlable  :  they  live 
u^nn  rl-.e  ganie  they  kill,  and  pay  their  tribute  in  furs, 
vutli  vhicli  liiey  make  cloathing  lor  thtnilelvcs,  and 
fo\('    -.j;  (or  their  hoiiles.      The  rell  they  lill  and  c\ 


r;!2i. 


_e  to  tiie  bell  .idvantafre  thcv  can. 


N'AirKA,  or  V1ATK.A,  has  tlie  title  of  a  duchy,  and 
is  the  lai!  province  in  that  we  call  l-'aftern  Mof.ovy,  or 
RulV.a.  it  is  mortly  wooily,  niarlliy,  and  barren;  yet 
yields  fonie  honey,  wax,  and  furs.  It  v,as  conquered 
fr  111  the  1  art  ir.':  by  the  czar  Iwan  Balilowit/,.  It  is 
watered  by  the  riv(  r  of  its  nan-.e,  »vhicli  fprings  a  littf.' 
above  the  town  of  Sej  tanoir,  or  SellakoP">  aiui,  rui- 
ning througli  tl'.at,  ant  I'Lveral  other  towns,  falls  into 
the  Kama.  Ti'.i.s  lall  ri',-:,  through  anotlier  part  of  the 
country,  and  fills  uito  t'.e  \'olga  a  little  above  Ca/an. 

\'iatka,  the  cliief  to.vii  of  this  duchy,  hath  little  or 
iK.'thing  worth  notice,  except  its  bilhop's  fee,  and  a 
llont  callle,  built  by  the  czar  above  mentioned,  to  fuji- 
prcl's  the  incurfionsof  the  ScheremifTe  Tartars.  There 
•lie  iwo  high  roads  that  lead  from  hence  to  Molcow  ; 
tlie  one  tiirough  Cailroina  and  Cialicz,  the  othcrthrough 
L'lliug.  The  former  is  much  the  Ihorter,  but  the  moll 
troublef'nne  and  dangerous,  on  account  of  the  vail 
niarflies  tliat  nuill  be  ( Tfjffed,  and  of  the  Scheremille 
free-booters  ti.at  infell  thole  paits 

Colcinitz  is  rather  a  confiderable  town,  finiatrd  near 


confines  (-f  the  kingdom  of  Ca/an,  or  Calaii 


■id 


.Sl.ulbod.-.,  another  town.  Hands  more  f  the  north- u ell, 
01:  the  borders  of  tlie  ScheremilTc  Tartars.  Belides 
tlie  .ibovi,  tliis  province  includes  Cliiiow,  Orow,  and 
Kaigoroil,  all  fortified  after  tlie  Kullian  inaniifr. 

C.r/.AN,  or  Casan,  wa."-.  loniicrly  governed  by  it-- 
own  inonarchs,  who  were  I'orniidahle  and  opuleni  nil 
t'-.e  czar  Bafdov.itz  fiibdu<d  the  !,':i;atell  [-.in  ofir,  mi^^ 
'.is  Ion,  Iw.'.n  H  ifilowitz,  compK  atci.1  tlie  conquell  of 
file  whole  1,1  tl'.e  year  155.1..  C'azan  has  been  always 
^onfiilertd  .-.:,  a  valuable  .icquilition  t)  Kuflia  ,  tin, 
I  ountry  b-m^  watireti  by  t'le  great  jivers  ^'olga  and 
Ka.ma,  whi'  h  incn-afe  tlie  iiatur  1  fertilityof  tlie  ground, 
.md  enrich  the  wliole  country  by  means  of  coininerce. 

Ca/an,  or  Cazanum,  the  ca]>iial,  i.s  a  capacious  and 
j.opuloiij  city,  the  feat  of  a  KulTian  metropolitan,  and 
<  ontains  many  chi.rchts  and  monallerie,.  But  the 
hollies,  and  even  the  rainjKirts  and  towers,  are  .ill  built 
v.itli  v.oud.  The  eallle,  h  ywe\'er,  is  of  Ib.ne  ;  ;\;\A  the 
river,  by  furrounding  it,  f.irms  .m  excellent  fbU'e  ,  tne 
whole  bving  amply  fuinillied  vith  ;.rtillery,  ammuni- 
lion,  \c.  and  well  fecured  by  a  Kullian  garrifon.  At 
a  lirtle  dillu'ce  from  the  city,  a  large  coiniiiovlious 
ilovk,  lor  lliip-building,  is  firuated  at  the   cuntlueiice 


of  the  X'olga  and  C.ifink.1.  Cazan  is  well  lii|)pliej, 
both  by  land  an.l  water,  with  all  kini.-i  of  provili  m-,. 
Wine  and  friiit.s  are  brou{;ht  liitlur  from  I'urkiy  j  vari- 
ous (onimodities,  betides  gr.i.iries,  fr  mi  Motcow  ; 
teas  from  Chin.u  and  iron  .md  fuis  from  .SKini.i  .m.l 
Tarrary.  The  fitiiation  is  admir.ible  f)r  com  nerce, 
wiiicn  IS  carried  on  not  only  with  the  aboveiiu  n'ioiu  d 
places,  but  with  I'erli.i,  an.l  other  parts  of  tiie  eall. 
Large  i)uantiti(s  of  Kiiili.i  |c,,ther,  birk  fiir  taiini,!.;, 
limber  for  Ibip  buikling,  i\.-.  are  annually  lent  lienix 
I',)  I'eterlburg,  aiul  other  |)arts  oiRuilia. 

1  he  other  towns  in  this  proviiue  i  .nv.aiii  nothiii'-' 
wortny  ol'.lefcription. 

Bci,r...\n.  \,  fiinnerly  c.ill.'d  I  tor.la.  or  the  rei';ion  cf 
/avi'liiia,  w.i-,  aiuienily  inliabiie.l  by  the  Bulgaras,  wh.i 
m.ide  an  irruption  into  th  ife  p.uts  from  Ali  i",  and  con- 
terred  their  name  on  this  country. 

1  lereit  is  proper  to  o'.iferve  tint  Hulgiri'.  is  dis  ide  I 
into  Little  an.l  (inat.  Little  Bi:l|.',.iii  1  i.s  'ituared  on  the 
foiirnern  eo.ills  of  the  namibe,  belongs  to  the  Turk-, 
having  been  conqu.re.l  by  Amuvith  11.  and  loru;, 
partiit  Turkey  in  burope.  (.ivat  Bulg.iri.i,  now  un  kr 
conlideration,  w.e,  fubdued  bv  the  Miicov;:  ■  c.:ar„  .md 
now  is  an  appendage  of  i!e  Rullian  i  iiij.iiv. 

This  kingilom  is  w.it<Te.l  bv  fever.il  lutrs.  Xf.ir 
i's  center  aie  tlii'  liefirs  of  iJla  ;  on  thr  call.  ;-.i  ,.un- 
i!nes  the  iiiount.iins  of  Cat,  wimh  \irld  grc.it  qi.nui- 
ties  ot  iron,  as  well  as  li.me  cxcelient  ciVllals ;  ;uil, 
t<,ward.s  the  foutherii  tide,  the  great  lake  Keighewl. 
The  loil  is  tolerably  lertile,  and  many  parts  of  the  cuuii- 
tiy  p  ipulous. 

Bulgar,  or  Bulgara,  the  cajatal,  is  (Ituated  on  t!ic 
\'olga,  and  ileemed  a  onlideralile  lity. 

•Samara,  on  the  banks  of  a  river  of  the  finic  name, 
which  dilrmbogiies  ilk  li  into  tlu'  X'olga,  is  builronthr 
decli/ity  of  a  mountain,  and  the  fuburbs  flretih  along 
the  ri\er.  'i'he  |)lacc  is  large,  but  jioor  an.l  me.in  : 
■.he  noules,  walls,  fortilic.itions,  i\;e.  being  all  built  of 
timber.  This  city  was  » reded  in  one  month,  i.y 
:,o,ooo  men,  fent  thither,  fbr  tliat  piirpofe,  bv  I'et.  r 
the  Great.  The  work  w.is  direcled  by  I'rinc-  (i  ilitz..i ; 
and  the  place  is  an  excellent  check  upon  the  T.irtars, 
Collicks,  tVc.  Near  .S.miani  are  the  ruins  of  .Sunbelka, 
which  was  dellroyed  by  Tamcrlant  the  Cjreat :  and  we 
are  informed,  by  a-i  eminent  voy.igcr,  that  going 
alhore,  at  no  great  diitance  from  hence,  he  alceiided  ,1 
mountain  where  formerly  Hood  the  city  of  Abuchim, 
and  there  difcovered  a  Hone  with  an  intcription,  which 
a  Rufiian  interpreted  ti>r  him,  and  was  to  this  elTeft  ; 
"  Whoiiiever  thou  .irt,  if  thou  halt  llrength  enough  to 
"  turn  mt,  thou  wilt  iii.ike  thy  f.irtuni."  l''r 'Ui  this 
intiniati.,.1,  he  and  his  comjj.iny,  expecting  to  find  fome 
;  hidden  trtafiiie,  immediately  im.'Ve.l  it  iiom  its  place, 
.  and,  on  th.e  other  fiile,  lound  .mother  infcriptioii  im- 
jior'.ing,  "  I'his  is  not  tlir  I'ril  time  tiu;u  li.ill  take;) 
"  great  pains  to  little  purpuli.-." 

K    r   S  S   I   .\   N     J.  A   !•  I.  A   N   I) 


II 


W'IN'C)  alic.idy  prefiiited  a  general  defcriptioii 
f  Lapland,  as  to  the  country.  i.,iiabit.int.s,  t  ul  - 
toiiis  manners,  c<c.  as  wi  11  as  oliferve.l,  that  i:  is  d;/i- 
licil  into  three  dillinc't  lovi  n  igntie-,  n.un.  Iv,  tiiol"-.-  ,lf 
Denmark,  Sweden,  and  Kulli.i,  1;  lem.u.is  I'lri.s,  .;.i  Icr 
the  kill  artu  le,  to  give  a  bri'-f  gcographi.  al  a; : oiin*  of 
that  put  which  is  dillinguillie.l  bv  t!ic  app.  ll.uion  of 
RuHi.in  Lapland,  relerring  our  rc.ukr.  t'ur  oihcr 

to  t!ie  griieral  ilefcriplion. 


cular.  t"  '' 
Rulliui 


■  p  irf. 


Lapland   is  bounde 


the   north  bv  ti  ■: 


lute 


N'or'hern  Ocean,  on  the  call  .uid  louth  by  t.'ie  \V,.,.^ 
S-.-a,  and  on  the  well  by  Danifli  Lajdand.  I:  1>  furtlier 
divided  into  three  parti,  aLCording  to  th.  ir  (itnatirin. 
One  is  calle.l  Leporia  Moun  nianlk-i,  or  M.iiitimt 
Le|)ona  ,  Tcrrlkoi,  or  Inl.in.l  I.i-poiia,  aiy.i  Bella- 
inourelkoi  Lej)oria. 

The   whole   tenit.iry  of  Lcpoii.i   Mourem.mlkoi  1:. 
barren,  uoinly,  and  uioiintiinous  I     the    air  e.strenii  ly 
told,  the   inh.ibitaiiti  luJe  and  igiujr.int  ;  aiii,  uii'c- 
ia.ial. 


tUROIM. 

ncral,  the  1 
l.apland   f. 
cities  and  t 
obfervation 
t'lem  i-o  tlia 
li;;ileries  ; 
tilli,  .iiiil  p. 

lerilk   i 
find,  is  r.llIU 
ti    •  iiiak'  s 
wonu.    .0. 
it  is  V.'ai  i 
Arcii.iii!',!  I 

B'-'lamnii 
abovi  iiiri'i 
ri'.e  n  ll,  i    1 
ehii  !  tovMi 
tiie  RuH'.aii 


XTOVA 
Jj_^  c..v<r 
ii|;nitip.s  Nt". 
p.u-t  of  Ruir, 
\.\\'w',\  lie-  ii 
this  It  rait  is 
liic  in.iiii  CO 
mm  !i  tartlii  1 
toimirv  ;oin 
well,  or  o;  I 
t  1  be  an  (M', 

N  )v.i  Zei 
anno   1 ; s^, 
thither  with 
capt  o!  b'inn 
wheiT  he  tiu 
obh^'til,  thrtj 
of  L.ipland,  I 
company.     ( 
thive  years  ai 
tioned  cape, 
the  louth  par 
Smiioietla.     I 
both  by  Hiitc 
north  call   p; 
and  the  moui 
country,  pre\ 
.Some  Dutt  !ii 
the  cold  to  ( 
kejit  theml'i  I 
no  tun  from 
and  ilark  inti 
gave  them  Ir 
Ihe  flione  bv 

'I'he  accou 
<  ountry  is  inl 
air  idolaters 
w.irds  by  Bai 
and  Ll.iws,  p 
to  tin  publi.' 
ielvet.  W.) 
gave  him  i-ca 
this  country  ; 
reprelents  as 
grer.tell  p.irt 
that  where  th 
itielf  to  tiie  V 
moll,  antl  Ion 
two  or  three 
hard  a.s  marb 
attempt  to  v.- 
other  norther 
melt  much  fc 
parts  i  but  h 
which  beats 
height,  hadi  I 


i'li    ■ 
I  if    I' 


IRAI'IIY. 

II  is  Will  UippliL\|, 
ill. Is  i>t'|>r(ivril"i  )iis. 
roiii  I'uilviy  i  v.iri- 
1,  (V  Mil  MoIlow  j 
.  IrDiti  Silifri.i  iwi.l 
>\v  fir  iMin  iicrrc. 
If  ahovfiiuir i')iit ,1 

|-    p.Ut'.  of  till    <-.mL 

I'lrlv    for  t;iiiiii,i^, 

iiinn.illy  Uiit  lu-mi* 

'.ifli.i. 

c  i'i)iK.iia  natliini;; 

iii,  or  rlir  rii';ion  cif 
-■  till'  liMl:J;.lr.l^,  wImi 
■oill  Aii  i,  uikI  1. 1111- 

B'.iljriri'.  is  ilividt'l 
ii  i.s  litu.irril  on  ilii; 
ijni;s  «)  the  'I'liils-, 
itii  II.  liihl  ioi'ir,] 
)ul;^.iri.i,  Muw  iiivkr 
1  ili-ovi:  •  c.Mr.,  .iikI 
1  t  iii|.iiv. 
'iimI  vi\  1.11.     N'l.ir 

III  till'  (Mill  ;-.i  i:<in- 
)  11-1,1  urc.it  t]i,.iiui- 
kiit  oiylliils  i  am), 
.It  l.ikf  Kcii-hewl. 
!)•  ii.irtboftlie  coim- 

.1,  is  fitii.iti.\i  on  the 
dty. 

ol  the   lame  ii.ime, 

oli^.i,  is  builr  on  rhc 

il)urLvs  llrctili  al  ing 

lit  poor  an. I  inc.in  : 

f.  being  all  hiiilt  of 

in   one    ni mrli,    hy 

t  piirpoli-,  liy  I'tti  r 

ly  I'rinci-  (i  ilit;',..i ; 

c  iip'in  the  'I'.irt.irs 

ruins  ot'.Siinhilk.i, 

the  Cjreai :  anil  \vc 

it;c-r,    th.it    goiiijf 

nee,  I'.e  aliciKk\l  .i 

tity  of  Abik-liiiii, 

iiilt  riptimi,  wliicli 

was  to  this  elFcifl  j 

llren!j;tli  enough  t'> 

rtu:u  ."     I''r  un  this 

ciiii'i  t)  linj  roine 

It  iioui  its  plaee, 

er   inl'iiiptioii  iin- 

ne  tlujii  h.ill  taken 


1.  .\  N  I). 

L'eneral  ik  lirij'tio!! 
i -.haUitaiit.s,  eul- 
vt.l,  that  it  is  vi;/i- 
^,  n.iiri'  Iv,  tiioll-  ctf 
:i  ;i  :■-  '  i\'  I.'-,  i;.i  !er 
ipliir.il  a'.ioii.i'  (if 
i!'.'  aj)[n  ll.iti'iii  of 
:  .  tor  otiier  pirti- 

:lir  n  nth  hv  ti  : 
iir!i  hy  t:;:'  White 
il.tiid.    It  ii  further 

to  til.  ir  litnarion. 
k  i,  '>r  M.iritime 
|...ii,i ,    and  iicil.i- 

Moiireininikoi  i.^. 
tile  .li;'  e.vlieilK  1/ 
jiMiit  i  ami,  in  j'e  - 
111,  lal. 


EUROPK.] 


r,  H  t.  A    r     R  U  ."^  ,^  !  A. 


f,H 


ncral,  the  i  onnrry  i>  m'l-li  like  the  ^Wivlilli  .in.l  D.milli 
Laplaiiil  formerly  fpol.t  n  o''.  Moll  of  tlie  iil.uuis, 
cities  ami  town-.,  Ikm.l  on  tlie  fea-eoalls.  The  only 
•ibfervatlon  wortiiy  of  in''nti')niii!T  coneerninu;  any  of 
them  i.-,  that  rhere  are,  in  I'o'iie  »)f  them,  amiertt  mo- 
n;;llerie'.  i  anil  tha'  t!\r  river-v  con'i|^;uous  al'onii  I  with 
fill',  anil  parti'  iilarly  film  in. 

Terilk  i  l.i  poria,  or  iiiknii  p'.rtoftlie  Kull'i.in  I.ap- 
linil,  is  ".liiioO  (iirroi.iiildl  vsiiii  the  le.i,  and  is  the  lanil 
ti  ■  mak'-s  tlic  fruipli  nt  t!ie  White  S.-a,  |t  \<  u„  lei'-, 
wooin  .'I,. I  barren  tli  in  lix-  rell  ;  aivl  the  cl.ii  f  town  in 
ir  is  Warfi!,;!,  lit'iatiu  mi  the  foiitli  i"a;l,  over  a^-.'.inll 

l\  ITl,.lll!;i  I. 

]^•Mamo^lrl■lkoi  I.cpnri.i  lies  at  rhe  borro'n  r)f  the 
abovi  mnni'ined  i^iilpli,  e.'.H'il  the  Wli'.te  ,^e.i,  and,  like 
riie  ri  ll,  i.  i''lii,  b.irii  n,  an  I  tifinly  in'iabitiil.  The 
chill  town  is  Soma,  litu.itc-i  at  the  very  entianee  iiit;) 
tae  KuH'aii  l..'l  !  unf,  on  th-  White  .Sea. 

N  O   \    .\       /   K  M   P.  I.  A. 

^T()\■.\  /.I  niMa  was  a  name  ;,^iven  to  tl.is  new  ilif- 
Vi  e.ivi  reil  trai  k,  whieli,  in  tiie  KiiUlan  l.in|nrh^e, 
fi!;niHes  ^mw  I,.in,l.  It  is  f;  parate.l  flum  the  noiih<-iii 
p.:it  o(  Kiiir.a  bv  tiie  Unit  lalleil  W'  Mt/,  n\-  Wv'Ta.r;-, 
\.liii-li  lies  ill  noitli  I. It.  "■  ^  ill".  Ti.i  land  iliar  firms 
tliii  Itrait  is  .i  piommuory,  ai!\.mi  ir:;;  f  iiithuard  fioin 
till-  iiiaiii  eo'.iii!;',  \\luili  i'  l'iip;'":i  d  to  extend  irfelf 
iniiili  tarthi  r  nortli.  It  v*  is  Ion;.;  doubted  wlic tlier  this 
Country  |oined  to  tin-  eontin''nt  ol  (Jreenland  on  tiic 
well,  or  o:  I  .iiiary  on  the  eal't  ,  but  it  is  n.iw  kn  iwn 
to  be  an  exterlive  illand. 

N'.iv.i  Zcml>l.i  w.is  'irl'  iliieovered  by  the  I-'n^lilli, 
anno  ic;'!,  wh-n  (  .ptain  llii'-ii  Willniighiiy  lailed 
thitiier  with  time  Mi?  Is,  and  .Ki\Miurd  tfom  tlie  north 
cipt  ot  I'inmail.  as  (iir  nortli  as  the  721!  deg.  of  lat. 
will  re  he  tiU'iiglit  he  had  deleried  thii  land  ;  but  being 
oblijeil,  through  (Irels  of  weather,  to  jnit  into  a  port 
«)f  Lapland,  he  there  perillied  with  cold,  with  all  his 
company.  Captain  Rurroughs  filled  in  feareh  of  it 
tiine  ye.irs  alter,  .uid  having  iloiibled  the  above  tnen- 
tioned  i.ipe,  difiovered  the  llrait  of  Wygaf/.,  between 
tlic  loiith  part  ol  Nov.i  /.embl.i,  ami  the  m.rrli  eoall  of 
Saiiniieda.  Siiue  that  time  it  liatli  been  often  vifited, 
both  by  nuti'h  and  f'n;ililli,  in  hojies  of  finding  out  the 
north -call  pallage  ;  but  the  eoldnefs  of  the  elim.ite, 
;'.:v.l  tlie  mountains  of  fnow  wliirh  covered  tliat  whole 
country,  prevented  their  making  any  great  ilifeovi  ries. 
Some  l)iiti.!imen  wintereil  there,  anno  i  (gd  ;  but  louml 
tlie  coKI  fo  (  xcelfive,  that  tluy,  with  great  dinieiilty, 
kept  themfdves  alive  till  the  next  fummer.  Tiuy  law 
no  fun  from  |.uiii.iry  .;.  to  June  2.\. ,  during  which  long 
and  dark  interval  thev  ha. I  no  li;;ljt,  but  wh.it  t!ie  moon 
gave  them  from  the  lirll  to  the  lall  i|iiarter,  in  which 
Ih.e  flione  bv  day  .is  wdl  as  iiiL'hr. 

Tile  aceciintfhey  gave  of  it  is,  tliat  fome  parts  of  that 
country  is  inhabiteil  bv  a  people  of  low  liature,  who 
are  idolaters  and  b.irb.irous.  The  attempts  made  after- 
wards  by  Ikueiit/,  a  1  lollander,  liy  lliidfon.  Wood, 
and  Flaws,  proved  likewili-  of  little  or  no  conle(]in  lue 
t  )  the  publi.,',  and  of  dellrui:li\'e  eonfeqiience  to  them- 
lelve!:.  Wood,  iiiileed,  made  I'ome  remarks,  which 
|-!;ave  him  rcafon  to  think  tl'.eie  was  a  paflage  between 
tills  country  and  that  of  tireenlaiul.  Nova  Zembla  he 
reprefcnts  as  the  molV  forlorn  fpot  in  .ill  ilie  woikl,  the 
j/reiitell  part  of  which  is  l.-.i.l  under  fnow  and  ice  ;  and 
that  where  there  are  neither  of  thefe,  nothing  prelent.-, 
itielf  to  tiie  view  but  diliiial  (Uiagniiics,  covered  with 
iilol:.,  and  lonie  blue  and  yellov.  ihiwers.  I  'pon  digging 
two  or  tliree  feet  into  the  earth,  tlu  y  found  the  ice  as 
hard  a.,  marble,  which  IlieWs  how  vain  it  would  be  to 
attempt  to  v.intir  tlieir  in  caves  iliig,  under  ground.  In 
other  northern  countries  the  ice  and  fnow  is  obferved  to 
niclt  much  fooiier  on  ttu-  lea  coalls  than  in  tlie  inland 
parts;  but  here  it  proves  t.he  reverie;  and  the  lea, 
whicli  be.its  agaiiifl  mount.dns  of  it  of  a  prodigious 
heii^ht,  hath  fo  undtrmiiied  it,  that  it  !ccms  to  hang  in 


l!u-  air,  and  tlil'covers  fuch  monftrotis  ehafms  as  cm- 
not  be  beheld  without  hoiror. 

The  country,  fo  fir  as  our  author  hi. I  an  oppormnif. 
to  view  it,  ureeds  I'ome  forts  of  wild  creatures,  l'ucha> 
large  white  bears,  foxes,  fome  fmall  creatures  like 
rabbits,  larger  than  rats,  large  penguins,  \'c.  The 
p<-n"uin  is  of  the  li/e  of  a  goole,  and  the  featiiers  an* 
iiim-what  like  hairs,  and  of  an  alli  colour.  The  wings 
are  very  (lu>rt  in  ]iro['ortioii  to  the  body,  the  bill  i, 
bl.ick,  anvl  tlie  legs  are  of  a  bright  gicn.  I'hey  kee|> 
i.i  the  water  ;ill  the  day;  where  they  feed  upon  fiih.  As 
tluy  cannot  fly,  they  c.innot  lliiin  their  eiieiviies,  except 
by  leaping  alon|r,  which  tliey  do  pretty  well  by  the  help 
of  their  iViort  wings.  However,  this  binl  is  aftiv 
upon  tiie  wat(  r,  and  li-ems  to  be  very  Ikiliul  in  catching 
Us  food.  \Vhen  the  fun  bej'jns  to  let,  they  p  tire  to 
the  rocks  neiiv  the  lea,  where  tluy  cn.iiinue  till  morn- 
ing, at  wliich  time  tliey  are  ealiiy  taken.  They  build 
their  nells  iiix.n  the  rocks,  rin  the  <'ragg)'  points,  to 
whicli  thefe  birds  can  get  up  very  cafily.  'I'heir  eggs 
are  vi  ry  good  i  but  the  flelli  has  a  difigrecable  fifliy 
t.ilie,  and  ii  never  eaten  but  in  cales  of  great  neccflity. 
It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  the  bird  penguin,  which 
is  nijt  only  coiv.mon  to  tlu  !e  northtrn  p.irts,  but  like- 
wif,-  ill  fever.il  countries  in  Nortli  .America,  is  every 
where  known  by  the  lame  name,  witli  little  or  no  varia- 
tion ;  and  til  it  the  word  penguin,  in  the  Celtic,  an. I  in 
our  prefeiit  Wellh,  lignilies,  a  white  liead,  as  that  bird 
aclually  hath,  'i'his,  together  with  fome  great  affinity 
which  is  found  in  many  of  the  radical  words,  and  pro- 
per names,  ul'ed  by  thofe  dillant  regions,  conHrms  a  cu- 
rl iis  conjet'ture  of  the  authors  of  the  IJniverfal  Ilif- 
tory,  which  is,  that  the  defccndants  of  Gomer,  the 
eldill  Ion  of  Japhet,  were  not  only  the  lirll  peoplersof 
I'.iirope,  (  \<n  in  its  rcmotell  p.u•t^,  but  have  preferveil 
their  ancient  language  more  th.ui  any  other  nation  we 
know  of,  except  thi   Cliinele. 

The  liiuthern  p.irt  has  been  fince  found  to  be  inhabited 
by  a  I'quat,  fwartliy  fort  of  people,  w  ho  cloatli  themlelves 
with  leal-lkins,  or  with  the  Ikiii  of  the  bird  [lenguin, 
with  the  feathers  outward.  They  live  upon  what  gaip.- 
or  lilli  they  catch.  They  worlhip  the  fun  and  moon  ; 
anil  have  liime  little  wooden  idols,  in  human  Ihape,  but 
iTionlb'oufly  carved,  or  rather  notched. 

'I'he  various  romantic  tales,  and  manifeft  abfurdities, 
advanced  by  many  of  tlie  Dutch  v'oyagers,  the  ridi- 
culous rel.itioiis  of  F''erdinaii,l  Mendez  and  Pinto, 
and  the  inii>robable  llorics  of  Sir  John  Mandcville,  gave 
rile  to  a  -iL-i/ly  and  l-'gaiicus  fcitire,  written  by  the  cele- 
brated Sir  Richard  Steele,  and  publillied  in  the  Tatler, 
as  if  from  a  inanufcript  of  .Sir  John  Mandeville.  The 
Icene  being  loimded  in  Nov.i  Zembla,  the  humour  be- 
ing admirable,  and  the  f.irire  poiiueil  againll  ;iJI 
voyagers  and  tr.ivellers  who  attempt  to  impole  upon  the 
public,  we  lii.ill  .uake  an  c.\tr.iCt  from  it  without  far- 
ther a|)ology. 

The  relation  being  in  the  lirll  pcrlon,  as  if  Sir  John 
Mandevilli-  was  rhe  narrator,  the  words  arc,  "  We 
were  lepar.ited  by  a  llorm,  in  the  latitude  of  7  ;,  inlii- 
miicli  that  only  the  Ihip  in  which  I  laif-d,  with  a  Dutch 
and  flinch  vcllel,got  file  into  a  creek  ol  Nova  Zem- 
bla. We  landed  in  order  to  relit  our  velVel,  antl  Itore 
ourlebis  witli  provilions.  The  crew  ol  each  vellel 
made  tlu  mt'clves  a  cabin  of  turf  and  wood  at  fome  dif- 
tance  from  each  otiier,  to  fence  the.  I'elves  againll  the 
inclemencies  of  the  weather,  which  was  feveie  beyond 
imagination.  We  fonn  i  bkrved,  that,  in  talking  to 
one  another,  we  loll  feviral  of  our  words,  anil  could 
not  hear  one  another  at  above  two  yards  dillaiice,  and 
that  too  wlien  we  fit  very  near  the  Hre.  .-Vl'ter  much 
perplexity,  I  lound  tliat  our  words  Iro/e  in  the  air,  be- 
fore they  could  rcich  the  e.irs  of  the  perfon  to  whom 
tiuy  were  fpoken.  I  was  foon  confirmed  in  tlie  con- 
jecture, wlien,  upon  the  increafe  of  the  cold,  the 
whole  company  grew  dumb,  or  rather  deaf ;  for  every 
man  was  fenfible,  as  w^-  atterwanls  found,  that  he  fpokt 
•IS  well  ;is  ever  ;  but  the  founds  no  fooiier  took  air,  than 
tluy  were  coiuicnlcd  and  lull.     It  wai  now  a  milirable 

Ipe.'wicle, 


I    i 


v] 


<^ 


/2 


v: 


3>  .>> 


^W 


/A 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


■  50     ™^^ 


2.5 
2.2 


I.I 


2.0 


1.8 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


1.25      1.4 

1^ 

"^ 

6"     — 

► 

23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


684        A  NTAV,  royal  akd  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  or  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAPHY. 


fpeL'tacit,  to  ffc  us  lioiUiing  ami  gapini?  at  orte  another! 
fvery  man  r.Ukiiig,  and  no  m.m  litaiii.  One  mij^ht 
cbic  Tve  a  liMman  that  couki  hail  a  lliip  at  a  league's 
dllbnte,  beckoning  with  his  hand,  llraining  with  liis 
lungs,  ami  tearing  his  throat,  but  all  in  vain. 

"  We  continued  liere  three  wt-eks  in  tliis  difmal 
pliglit.  At  length,  upon  a  turn  of  v, '  id,  the  air  about 
113  began  to  thaw.  Our  cabin  was  [mmediately  filleit 
with  a  dry  clattering  found,  wliicii  I  atterwards.  found 
to  be  the  crackling  of  conlonant-  that  broke  above 
our  heads,  and  were  often  mixed  witli  a  gentle  hiding, 
which  i  imputed  to  ti\e  letter  A'  that  occurs  fo  frequent 
in  the  Englilli  tongue.  1  fonn  after  teit  a  breer.e  ol 
whifpers  rulhing  by  my  ear;  fir  thafe  being  ol  a  foft 
and  gentle  fublt.uice,  immediately  liquitied  in  the 
warm  wind  that  blew  acrofs  our  cabin.  Tliele  were 
foon  toli'iweil  by  fvjlables  and  Ihort  words,  and  at 
lengdi  by  entire  lentcnces,  and  melted  fooner  or  later, 
as  thev  were  more  or  leb  congealed,  lo  that  we  now 
heard  every  tliin;'  that  had  been  f[)oken  during  t!ie 
whole  three  weeKs  that  we  liad  been  fdent,  if  I  may 
ufe  that  cxpredion.  It  was  now  very  early  in  the 
morning,  ;ind  yet,  to  my  furpize,  I  heard  Ibmebody 
f.iv,  .^.•/■  ''fohi,  it  is  ihiJi:ighl,  and  timt  for  the  Jhip's 
fi,-iv  to  go  tu  liifJ.  Thii  I  knew  to  be  the  pilot's 
voice;  and,  upon  recollecting mylell,  1  concluded,  that 
he  h.id  Ipoken  tlicle  wirds  to  me  fome  days  before, 
tliougli  I  unild  not  hear  them  till  tiic  prelenc  thaw. 
My  reader  will  e.ilily  imagine  Ivjw  tiie  whole  crew  was 
ama^^ed,  to  hear  every  man  talking,  and  lie  no  man 
open  his  moutii.  In  the  nudil  of  this  great  furprize 
We  were  all  in.  we  heard  a  volley  ol  oaths  and  curies, 
laiiing  U'  a  long  while,  and  uttered  in  a  very  hoarle 
voiie,  which  1  knew  belonged  to  the  boatfwain,  who 
was  a  veiy  choleric  fellow,  and  h.ul  taken  this  oppor- 
tunity ol  curling  and  Iwcaring  at  me,  when  he  though: 
I  could  not  hear  hini,  fi;r  I  luui  feveral  times  given 
him  the  llrajjpado  en  tiiat  account,  as  1  did  not  fail  hi 
np.'.it  tor  tiicle  his  pious  foliloquies  wlicnl  got  him  on 
fhipboard. 

"  1  mull  not  omit  the  names  of  feveral  beauties  in 
W'apping,  which  we  heard  even.'  now  and  then  in  the 
niidil  of  a  long  figli  that  accomi)anied  tliem  ;  as  De.u- 
Kate!  Pretty  Mrs.  Peggy  |  When  Ihall  I  fee  my  Sue 
again?  'I'liis  bttr.iyed  levcral  amours  which  liaii  been 
concealed  till  that  time,  and  lurnilhed  us  with  a  great 
ileal  of  nurth  in  our  return  to  England. 

•'  When  this  conlulion  ol  voices  was  pretty  well 
over,  thoui'h  I  was  afraid  to  olilr  at  i|)eaking,  as  fear 
iiig  I  Ihouid  not  be  h.eaid,  I  purpolid  a  vilit  to  the 
Dutch  cabin,  which  lay  *bout  a  mile  farther  up  in  the 
country.  My  crew  were  extremely  !( joiced  to  find 
tiity  had  again  re'i(.\'ered  their  hearing,  though  every 
man  uttered  his  voice  with  liie  lame  apprehcnlions  that 
I  had  done, 

"  And,  try'd  his  tongue,  his  filencc  foftly  broke." 

"  At  about  half  a  mile's  diftance  from  our  cabin. 
We  heard  the  groanings  of  a  bear,  which  at  lirll  llartled 
i:sj  but,  upon  our  enquiry,  we  were  inlormed  by  fome 
of  (lur  company  that  he  was  dead,  ami  now  lay  in  lalt, 
having  been  killed  upon  the  very  Ijjot  about  a  lijrtniglit 
betorc,  in  the  tin.<-  ot'the  fr(>ll.  Nut  far  from  the  fame 
place,  we  Were  likewile  e:itertainetl  with  fome  poll- 
hunuiui  fnarK  and  barkings  ol  a  \j,i\." 

With  rel(iect  to  thole  parts  ol  the  Kufl'ian  empire 
fUuated  in  Alia,  viz.  Siberia,  Ramtlchatka,  Samoietia, 
Allrachan,  together  with  the  Kalmuc,  Ulbec,  Crim, 
I.elgee,  and  leveral  other  inlerinr  tribes  ol  I'artars,  the 
re.-ider  will  be  luinillied  with  an  amjile  account  of  them 
l)y  referring  to  our  dtlvtii-.tion  of  th  t  ([uarter  (jf  the 
globe,  wliKJi  lorms  the  full  ilivif.on  of  our  work. 

Thole  countries  difmembered  from  Poland,  and  an- 
nexed to  the  dominions  of  Kullia,  will  be  trcited  of 
under  our  delcription  of  the  Ibriner,  on  which  otcafion 
we  fliall  conlider  every  material  circumllancc  and  tranl- 
iC'ion  relatii-e  tlierrunro. 


.   E  C  T  I  O  N      III. 

rnfons  of  the  RiiffiMis,  their  different  Ranks,  I'njfalagc, 
Drefs,  lldhitittions,  ALmner  of  Living,  Cn/toms, 
/Imiifmcnls,  Religitn,  (Ceremonies  Biipti/nui!,  Matrt- 
luoninl,   I'.'-nera/,    \Se. 

Tl  I  E  RuHians  are,  for  the  moll  part,  of  the  mid- 
dle Ihiture.  though  m.iiiy  of  them  are  i  dl  and 
comely.  Tlieii  teeth  are  remarkably  good  ;  their  iiair, 
in  general,  is  black;  and  their  complexions  ruddy. 
I'he  leverity  of  the  climate,  which  i:roduces  a  dry 
and  lliarp  air,  dif[>oles  them,  in  general,  to  a  robuil 
con'.lin.tion,  and  enables  them  to  undergo  great 
hartilliips. 

The  women  are  commonly  well  maile,  exclufive  of 
their  legs,  wiiich,  as  well  as  thiir  liet,  are  always  large. 
Their  counti  nances  are,  in  jreneral,  agreeable  ,  and 
flu  ir  eyes  black  and  languilliing. 

Before  the  rime  of  Peter  th.e  Great,  the  Rufh.ins  were 
lavage  and  ignor.u^t  in  the  extreme;  but  that  wile 
prince,  by  incredible  application,  and  a  proper  mixture 
of  leverity  and  mildnels,  wrought  lij  happy  a  change 
in  their  manners,  as,  in  li)mc  meafure,  let  them  on  a 
level  witii  the  more  civilized  nations  of  Europe;  and 
his  efforts  have  been  happily  Iccomled  by  lucceedi.i;; 
monarciis,  ol  which  the  effects  have  been  evident  to 
demonll  ration. 

The  court  nobility,  from  the  great  connections  they 
have  hail,  ol  late  years,  with  the  moll  civilized  European 
Hates,  lee  111  totally  to  have  emerged  from  their  bar- 
barifin  in'o  the  heigh'  of  elegance  .md  politenels;  and 
the  young  Ruluan  nobility,  at  piefent,  are  much  iiii- 
jiroved  by  lludies  of  t.ille,  and  a  |iroj)cnlity  to 
travel. 

'I'hc  people  of  Rufiia,  like  tlu)le  of  inofl  other  coun- 
tries, arc  ol  dilVereiit  ranks  and  orders,  as  princes, 
nobility,  gentry,  commonalty,  ^^:c.  and  thcfe  liave  their 
refpective  lub-divilions;  but  it  is  to  be  obferved,  tli.u, 
of  late  years,  the  military  rank  lupcrlcdes  everything, 
and  now  regulates  every  degree  of  precedency,  what- 
ever may  be  the  rank  or  clals  of  perfons. 

The  Rull'ian  nobili'y  cxeicile  a  mofl:  tyrannical 
power  over  the  common  people,  am.1  efpecially  over 
the  pcafants,  who  are  kept  in  a  llate  of  abjedl  llavery, 
b(  ing  deemed  the  property  of  the  nobles,  to  whom 
tliey  belong,  as  much  as  their  horfes  and  dogs.  Indeed, 
the  we:dth  of  a  great  man  in  kullia,  is  not  ellimated 
by  the  extent  of  land  he  pollelies,  or  the  quantity  of 
grain  he  can  bring  to  market,  but  by  tlie  number  ol 
his  Haves.  Every  Have  pays  about  a  ruble  (.4.0s.) 
yearly  to  his  owner  ;  and  if  he  be  in  tiie  w.iy  of  making 
money,  the-  tribute  is  augmented.  In  general,  every 
RulTiui  nobleman  allots  to  the  peallints,  that  belong  tu 
him,  a  certain  portion  of  kind,  to  be  cultivated  by 
them;  the  produce  of  whicii,  exceptini!;  what  lliffices 
lor  their  own  maintenance  is  paid  to  the  proprietor. 
In  fad,  a  Hullian  pealant  has  no  property;  as  every 
thing  he  pollelies,  even  the  millrable  raiment  that 
llielters  him  from  the  cold,  may  be  leized  by  his  mailer 
as  his  ov\n. 

The  owner  has  alto  the  power  of  felling  his  (laves, 
or  hiring  their  labour,  to  other  perfons.  Me  may  alio 
inllid  on  his  (laves  whatever  punilhment  he  [ilealcs, 
and  (or  any  lort  of  ollince,  It  is  againll  the  law,  in- 
deed, to  put  any  of  them  to  death  ;  yet  it  Ibmetimes 
happens,  that  a  [loor  Have  dies  of  the  wounds  he  re- 
ceives from  a  padionate  and  unrelenting  luperior. 

Another  hanllhip  to  which  the  Kudian  jjealants  arc 
expofed  is,  that  they  are  obliged  to  marry  whatever 
perfon,  or  at  what  time,  their  luperiors  pleafe.  Every 
llave,  who  is  a  fiither,  pays  a  certain  tax  to  his  owner 
for  each  of  his  children  ;  and  the  owner  is  therefore 
Solicitous  that  a  new  progeny  be  railed  as  foon  as 
pofTible. 

The  condition  of  tiiofe  pcafants,  who  are  immediate 
(laves  of  the  crown,  is  deemed  lefs  wretched  than  that 

of 


lAFHY. 


III. 


Ranks,  I'lijlalagc, 
Living,  Ciijlims, 
'Ji!pliJ'Hui!,  Mutri- 


part,  of  the  mii!- 
tlii-m  are  i.ill  atui 
^  {^ooci;  tluir  liair, 
nii)l(xi()ns  ruJiiy. 
Ii  ];r(>diicfs  a  dry 
itral,  to  a  robiilt 
J    undtTfjo    great 

naile,  cxchifive  o! 
t,  are  always  large. 
1,   agreeable  ;  ai;J 

,  the  Rufl'i.iMs  were 
e ;  but  that  wile 
I  a  proper  inixturi' 

0  hapfiy  a  change 
lire,  let  them  on  a 
s  of  Eiirojje  ;  ami 
led  by  fucceediiii^ 
e    been  evident  U) 

u  connections  tliey 
civilized  I'.iirojjean 

1  from  their  bar- 
nd  politcnels ;  and 
nt,  arc  much  ini- 
J  a  propenlity    to 

jf  mofl  other  coun* 
jtdcrs,  as  princes, 
tnd  thcle  iiavc  titeir 
)  be  oijferved,  that, 
rrlcdes  every  thing, 
precedency,  what- 
rl'ons. 

a  mod:  tyrannical 
ind  efpecially  over 
:e  of  abjedt  (laveiy, 
e  nobles,  to  wiioni 
s  and  dogs.  Indeed, 
ia,  is  not  elUmated 
or  the  quantity  ot 
C  by  the  number  ol 
:)ut  a  luble  (.^os.) 
1  tiie  way  of  making 
In  general,  every 
fants,  tiiat  belong  to 
:o  be  cultivated  by 
eptin;";  what  fiiffices 
d  to  tile  proprietor 
[)roperty  ;  as  every 
crable  raiment  that 
fcized  by  his  mailer 

of  felling  his  flavcs, 
rfons.  lie  may  alio 
lillimcnt  he  plcalcs, 

againll  the  law,  in- 
1 ;  yet  it  fometiiiK  J 
if  tiie  wounds  he  re- 
enting  fiiperior. 

Rufi'ian  pealants  arc 
1  to  marry  whatever 
LTiors  pleafe.  Every 
tain  tax  to  his  owner 
e  owner  is  therefore 
je  railed  as  foon   as 

;,  wiio  are  immediate 

s  wretched  tlian  that 

of 


P   '•', 


ft  I    I  ;' 


f   h 


(  /y/'<//v,v,,  r.ANKKs's.    '-//»   //../,///</< 'iKOCU  AIM!  V   '/'////.  J,,  J /y  'iry.//.  /////„■///// 


) 


\^ 


lUssiAN   Dm:  ssr.s 

/  il    '■'■r..  ///,n  .•!  //..  fl  r,   ,1/../,      I,,,    '/,///.;/  '',///, i/i  ,      I  ,/ii,r    •'>,/.    /l,n/,'l   >  I >///'/ //f.    //,:„;'/. 


/ 


/ 


.■:..  '  i 


W- 


Ivl  SSIAN    DiM'.SSi: 


/  </    ^ i ,>.„////.,  ^' I/, 


!  ,f     ^/,f.,i//// 


I   tf  ■  A  7  //////    .  ^,:'/,  > 


//'  V  // 


//// 


/,•/■    l/,:iri'/r. 
/ 


h'^l^A 


{ 


'      ( 


(  H,^/,rr,>y,  ,  \\\\\\V.S\.    ^/r.  ^/j/.</,  a/  1/  V\V.{){.\\{\V\\\  ^il//f.i/n,/h/  /h //,//,    /ii//irr/h/ 


Kiss  IAN  WOMKN  . 


/  "  il,  //li///  ,'/     1,1/,/,  1 1, 


7 


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K  rSS  IAN    \\'()MKN  . 

!  rl     ' ''  /llil/l  I /.     f/r.iir/r  ,  >  i>  /'f//l,l/l  r/,     f ri/l,l /i,/,/ 


7 


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lll/< 


F.UROl'F..] 


n  R  r,  A  T    R  U  S  S  1  A. 


C55 


of  tliolt;  who  tieloiig  to  thf  nobility ;  ami  they  arc  oC 
tlirt'f  kinds.  '1  lit-  tirll  arc  tliolc  who  h.UL-,  tithcr 
ffcrrtly,  or  by  tlic  favour  ol  a  hinian  (ii|k  rior,  bci-ii 
able  to  procure  as  much  money  as  may  enable  thiin  ti 
purihale  their  freeiiom  ;  and  have  alio  the  irooil  fijrtiiae 
to  live  under  a  liiperior  who  is  e(|ui: able  enougli  to  Tree 
tlieni  lor  the  finn  tliey  oiler.  Sueh  perliins,  and  their 
riiildicii,  are  for  ever  after  immcJiare  llaves  to  tlie 
crown.  On  the  lame  fixitin!^  are  all  priclb,  and  thiir 
children  ;  thou^^h  the  dependanec  of  the  inferior  on  the 
liiperior  i  ler;;y,  is  Ibnietimes  as  [grievous  as  the  lUull 
painful  bondaj^e.  .Soldiers,  alf.),  and  their  thiklnii, 
(and  this  clals  inthides  the  whole  body  of  the  nobility,) 
are  immediate  llaves  of  the  crown. 

Aeitirding  to  travellers  in  general,  the  Rufllan  pea- 
i'ants  have  no  nante.  Indceil,  as  they  li  ive  nothing  but 
bomlagc  to  tranfmit  to  tiieir  children,  luch  dillindion 
is  ul(  lef,.  The  mt.ll  common  L'hriilian  names  among 
tlieni  are  Crregoiy,  ,Sie[)hcni  Ivan,  whicii  theytranlluc 
John;  \'al"ili,  which  t.'iev  tranllite  William;  with 
other;)  m.'.r.itdlly  deriv:-d  from  their  neighbours  in  the 
fouth.  If  there  are  fevcral  "i  .1  name,  tjiey  are  dillin- 
guillicd  by  taking  the  name  «,;  t:R-ir  latiier,  com[)ountled 
witii  the  words  wliicli,  in  their  language,  llgnil'y  Ion  or 
d  mghter.  1  hus  Ivan  Petrowit^,  lignifies  Ivan,  the 
f):i  of  I'cter  i  and  Anna  l.aiiown.i,  lignifies  Anna,  the 
d.i'.ighter  of  Ivan. 

Siicli  is  the  llavfiv  in  wliicii  tiie  Mulcovites  of  both 
ft\es  aie  kept  by  their  p.irfnts,  tlieir  patrons,  anti  the 
cmpeior,  th.it  they  .i;e  not  allowed  to  iiif[)ute  any  match 
til  i:  may  be  provi.led  lor  them  by  thefe  ciire^Ai^rs,  how- 
ii).-ver  dilagreeable  or  odious  it  may  be.  O/Ticers  of  the 
greateil  rank  in  the  army,  botii  naiives'uml  forcifyiers, 
li  ive  been  iliddlcd  wiih  wives  by  tne  Ibvereign  in  this  ar- 
bitrary manner.  .\  great  general  lately  deceafed,  who 
wus  a  native  ol' Brilain,  leaving  been  prellid  by  thi-  late 
c.!arii:.i  to  wed  one  o!  Iier  l.idics,  laved  himleU  (rem  a 
very  liilagreeable  niairi.ige,  liy  |)rctending  his  conllitu- 
tion  W.IS  fo  unloiiud,  dial  t!ie  lady  wouUl  l)e  irre()arably 
iii|ured  by  his  compli.ini  e. 

The  Kullia;isareufoi;g!it  i:p  wuii  I'uch  higli  nol^)n^  of 
t!'.eir  fovereigns,  and  of  a  biuid  implicit  obedience  they 
Oive  to  them,  as  the  onlv  jierlons  who  have  Itiile  enongh 
to  dilt::igui;h  between  ri;!:it  and  wrong,  that  they  never 
liilpute  ti.eir  will  iii  luy  thing,  except  where  they  at- 
tempt, as  the  c^ar  Peter  did,  an  innovation  in  their  re- 
ligion or  culloms,  which  they  cainot  but  look  upon  as 
an  impeaclimcnt  of  the  wildom  ol  their  anceflors  who 
li.ul  ellablilhed  them.  In  all  other  cafes  they  are  lb 
piepollellcd  with  the  notion  of  tin  ir  unerring  wif.iom  and 
knowhdge,  as  well  as  ol  their  own  ii'.norance  „nA  iuiper- 
IcCti)!!  that  It  is  .1  common  f.i)  ing  with  tiiem,  in  nil  du- 
bir):ibcales,  "  (iotl  and  the  Cxar  alone  know."  'I'he 
\ery  noliility  dare  not  come  near  the  thi'Uic  wi'.ho'it 
k.ir  and  trembling.  They  are  baniilied  into  Siberia  lor 
the  flighrrlt  political  intrigue  j  and  their  pclfeliions  be- 
ing LDiilikated,  one  wholr  family  thus  falls  a  victim  to 
the  artful  inlinuation;.  cf  :;ie  courricr.  The  mutual 
diilrull  in  which  pr(i[ili'  live  in  Uullia,  and  the  total 
fl'ence  of  the  nation  i!(.on  every  thirg  which  may  have 
t!:c  leall  relation  ei;li'.  r  to  'he  government  or  the  Ibve- 
rrijiii,  ariles  chicly  :;  mi  tin-  pri\ilege  eveiy  RufTian 
h.ii,  ssithout  diibi.oii.'U,  of  crying  out  in  public,  //nu:^ 
I  ■  .  that  is  to  fay,  i  dei  lire  you  guilty  ol  high  treafon 
I'otI,  in  words  anil  aaioiis.  .All  the  bye-tiand  rs  are 
then  obliged  to  ullill  in  taking  up  the  perlbn  acciiled : 
a  f.tlur  arrelb  his  Ion,  the  Ion  his  father,  and  r..iture 
lii.'lcr.i  in  liknce.  'I'he  acciiier  and  acculal  are  both 
lonvi  veil  immediately  to  piilon,  and  alterwards  to  .St. 
iVteriiiurg,  where  tiny  are  tried  by  the  lecret  court  of 
cliancery. 

I'he  drellcs  of  the  Uufl'.ms  are  adapted  to  their  re- 
fjjCkUive  ranks.  Tli.it  of  the  f^nerality  of  the  better 
fort  nlombles,  in  a  conlidcralile  degree,  the  habits 
worn  in  the  more  loudii  rn  parts  of  I'.urope.  Some, 
indeed,  at  a  dill.uue  from  the  capital,  retain  the  okl 
diels,  as  well  as  the  cullom  of  wearing  along  beard. 
1  he  women  ol  rank  r<  nerally  wear  a  loole  gown  like  a 
No.  6;. 


donii  10  ;  and  both  fi xiS  love  to  appt'jr  tine,  .inJ  con- 
le(|iicntly  drels  as  rich  Js  the  very  extent  of  their  cir- 
cumllan'.es  will  admit.  Th^'y  life  paint  in  general, 
niaiiicd  w.imin  as  veil  .i-  young  girls  j  deeming  red 
tlie  111  ill  ornamental  colour  they  i:?n  poil.bly  bear. 
Nay,  lii.di  is  their  fiindnefs  for  red,  tli.nc  the  word 
dcuotinj;  it  in  tlie  Ivti'rnn  l.tngiiagc,  is  lynonimous  witii 
beautiful,  i-'ui -,  in  t'le  v, inter,  aie  in  iiniverfal  wear ; 
bi'i  they  are  proportionate,  in  (juality,  to  the  tiifi'ireni 
cl.ille.'-  I'he  poorer  women  commonly  line  tlieir  cloa'-.s 
with  hart  Ikiiis;  and  the  men,  for  tlie  moll  part,  have" 
a  ihels  m.ide  of  Ihcep's  fhin,  with  the  wool  turned  i.'i- 
wards.  On  their  heads  they  wear  a  warm  fur  cp; 
and  they  are  very  careful  to  cover  their  legs,  not  only 
with  warm  llockings,  but  biots,  lined  with  fkins  or 
a  (]uantity  of  II  iii.iel,  which  tliey  wrap  feveral  times 
rounil  them.  InlleatI  of  caps,  inoft  of  the  women,  of 
mitldlingrank,  ul'e  han.l!:erc:iiets,  whi.ii  they  manage 
with  fuch  adroitnels,  that  this  kind  of  In'ad-drel's  often 
looks  cip'-ivating.  I'h'ir  neck^  are  naked,  ar.i  ex 
pofed  to  the  weather.  1-, .cry  liufi'ian,  of  wliat  ranic 
foever,  ufually  wears,  upon  the  brc.iil,  in^l  liangint^ 
by  a  ribl) on,  or  llring,  tied  about  his  nee::,  a  Ima'l 
crols  of  gold,  liiver,  or  lead.  They  receive  their 
croffes  from  tiieir  godlathers  at  their  b.iptilin,  a:.,t 
never  put  with  thi-m  as  long  as  they  live. 

With  refpect  to  the  habit.itions  of  the  KjC"aii'i,  we 
have  aheadv  obferved,  that  iivmy  of  th  'le  el  me  higher 
clafs  are  built  of  brick  a-,d  llone  1  an  I  have  only  tj 
jioiiit  o'l:  the  manner  in  wii'ch  the  hou!'';.,  or  huts,  01 
the  peafints  are  coniiru. 'u- '.  Tiii-.  i^  a:  followj. 
A  numb-.'r  of  trees  are  firip,ed  of  tiieir  haik.  '1  h''V 
art  Hot  cut  into  deals,  but  Lid  liori7,(;ntaily  upon  oi;e 
another.  They  are  fafl.'iied  at  the  eiul  with  woodc-n 
pegs,  and  thus,  by  fixing  the  end  of  one  tree  into  ano- 
ther, tiiey  conl'iltute  the  walls.  Tlie  roof  i  foinetimca 
of  boar.ls,  and  fometimes  thatched,  in  coiillruifling 
their  hoiile^,  the   Rulli  in  peal'uitry  ul'e  very  few  inllru- 


ment.      1  he    hatchet  is    th-j 


one   almoll:    anion. t 


them,  .ind  they  excrcife  it  with  I'.reat  d.  xtcntv.      I'ro- 
fellcd  carpenters  .ire  ex(  epted  in  this  account. 

In  Rulh.i  lockfmith':,  i^ialbns  carpenter',  &c.  arc 
formed  as  a  loldier  is  in  other  countri'S.  !•  acli  re'?,i- 
ments  has  in  it^  own  corps,  all  tlie  necellary  artilts, 
and  is  not  obliged  to  have  recourlc  to  manufu'tures,  as 
is  the  cuflom  every  wherf  clle.  They  determine  by 
the  llature,  what  employment  a  man  is  moll  fit  for. 
They  give  a  fo! Her  a  lock  fiir  a  pattern,  with  orders 
to  make  others  like  it,  and  he  does  it  with  the  greateft 
dexterity:  but  the  oiiginal  mull  be  perfeft,  others' ile 
he  would  cojiy  it  with  all  it-.  ilrfriSls,  however  ealy  it 
migjit  be  to  coned  them,  i  he  fame  may  tie  obferved 
widi  regard  to  artills  and  workmen  of  all  kinds. 

The  Rullians,  in  winter,  contrive  to  make  the 
warmth  in  their  houfe  luitable  to  the  leveiity  of  the 
climate,  'i'hey  give  a  proper  ih  gree  of  heat  to  tlu' 
diHerent  rooms  by  means  of  an  oven,  conllruCted  with 
feveral  flues;  and  their  ovens  conlume  a  finailercpian- 
tity  of  wood  than  might  at  Hrll  be  im.igined.  A  (inglj 
faggot  only,  and  that  but  a  little  one,  is  put  in,  an. I 
fuflered  to  burn  till  the  black  thick  liimkr  is  evaporated. 
The  chimney  is  then  Ihiit,  by  which  tl-.e  heat  is  re- 
tained, and  the  jilace  ke[?t  warm  for  the  fpirc  of  24 
hours ;  and  this  tire  k'rves  not  only  to  warm  the  rooms, 
but  to  drels  the  fboil.  The  windows,  in  the  hoiilcs  of 
the  poor  fort  of  people,  are  very  fmall,  that  as  little 
colli  as  pofiible  may  be  admitted  ;  but  in  the  lioules  of 
liiperior  perlons  tluy  arc  large  ;  and,  in  order  to  guard 
againll  the  inclemencies  of  the  weather,  they  have 
double  glafs  frames,  and  are  caulked  up  in  the  winter. 
All  ranks  of  jn-  iple  are  verv  expert  ,ind  nice  in  reg': 
l.itiiig  the  proper  heat  in  their  houl'-s  by  meani  ot  a 
thermometer  ;  and  by  opening  an.l  lliutiing  the  lities, 
they  increalc  or  dimiiiilli  the  heat  to  a  great  degree  0/ 
critical  ex.Tilnels. 

In  the  houli".  of  the  peafints  there  arc  generally  one 

beil  fiir  the  luilli.ind  and  wile  ;  and  one  lor  the  children  , 

blit  all  other  perlons  li«  promifcuuullv  upon  benches, 

8    L  '01 


'!:    ^'.;j 


'ti. 


1    ■ .  vii: 


636 


A  NTW.ROYAL/.Mu  AUTflF.XTIC  SYSTEM  or  L'ivIVI.RS  MCiROGRAPFiY. 


r  » 


or  mats,  which  thfv  Ipir.ul  on  thi-  ^'/oiml.     The  heils 
havi-  IK)  iut!.\iiisi  and,  inl'e.'.i  ol'  ;i  ln'Kler,  the  hii!- 
banil  ami  wife  h.ivc  eid\  <>l  tlKin  If  ven  or  cii'hi  pillow^., 
oi.f  Ids  th.iii  the  otliiT,  raiiVil  iiji  in   t!ie  fiTtn  ot  two 
pvraiTiKls.      i  lie  ix-iiuilite  lienches,  a  Lirge  llovc,  ,uvi 
a  (cw  woollen  ili.iirs,  muke  up  the  rtit  ol  ll.e  li.i- I'lijv. 
At  a  liuH'ian  Icall  all  the  liillirs  are  t'crvcil  up  at  once. 
It  coniills  ot  limp,  mailr  ot  nieat  ciir  into  iViuiH  pit'?'' ; 
l.inie   rapout:,   uiiirh  iviie  Iv.it  s   Ki.li'nn  can  toiicii  ; 
Itvcral  pyramids  ot  g.iiiK'  and  Ivi'ct.n  s  meat  rMl'id  ; 
Chimle    rwrtmical^,   and    Kuniai'  rruit)-.     A  pro('"ird 
(vJence  isobtcivi  I  at  dinner,   »:ii:h  n  int^Trnptcd  only 
at   times   l)V  tlie  luaUlis  whii.li  a'r  di,.rk.     As   li»on  ns 
they  lit  ilowii  t<»  table,  each  nan  p.  >'jrv  into  his  '^\\.\\> 
ti)ir.e  Kuflian  made  «i:v.-,  and  then  iil  rile  t<:  drinii  to 
each  otlier.     Kvery  jmkH  is  di.inlL  to  reipet'lively  i.v 
)iis  chrilliaii  and  lurnanie,  anJ  a  drop  of  wine  is  Iwal- 
lowedto  ezch  iir Ion's  health.     I   hive  (lays  an  accu 
curate  ti.iveller)  i)i'tn  at   Tonv   ot  tliefe  ilinners,   when 
there  were  more  than  ofi   people  all  drinkin;/  to  each 
other  at  the  lame  time.      1  heir  attito.ies  and  the  con- 
liifioii  (il   dl^!'elent  Tounds,   had  a  veiv   I'.rgolar  ericCt. 
I'eter,  not   being  .ible  to  make  JaiiiCi  hear  him,    was 
Hretthing   over   the  table,   and   bawling  as   loud  as  he 
tould.     At  tl.e  laine  inllant   he    was   iiuerrupted    by 
Fr.invi.;,  who  was  bowing  to  him;  or  by  a  knock  of  the 
head  Irom   Philip,  wlio  was  tiirning  alwiit  from  right 
to  left,   without   perceiving  the   jx/liure   Pett  r  was  in. 
{'Iiili|i's  turn  came  next;  tor  as  he  w.'s   lifting  hi;,  glals 
K;  hib  mouth,  Ills  neiylitioiir  g.ive  hiin  a  iog  of  the  d 
bow,  ajul  Ipilling  part  of  his  wine,    intcrrup'-xl  him  at 
his   moll   interelting  moment.     S;ich   kenes  as  tlule, 
varied  in  i.li!terent  wavs,   were  repeated  at  ahnolt  evr  :y 
|.ijrt  ot  the  table  ,    .nd  the  pieallire  of  them  was  enhan- 
ced, by  obfcrving  the  impatience  of  foine  of  the  peo- 
ple.    As  to  niylt  If,   I  could  never  find  an  opportuni'v 
of  drinking  any  (;ne'b  health,  hot  kept  my  liead  in  con 
llant  motion  to  the   right  and  left,  and  I'orwaidv.      It 
is  reck(  iicd  a  c]'jalificati'>n  to  catch  the  opjxirtunity  to 
le.ilo.'i.ibiy,  as  to  drink  to  everv  nrrllm's  health  with- 
out delceading   from   one's  digniiy,   or    meeting   v/i;h 
any  a«:ci  lent. 

"  I'he  tirll  health  being  over,  cveiy  body  firs  dov.'n, 
and  is  at  liberty  to  eat  tor  a  frv:  niiniites.  Cil.n\  tum- 
b!-_':>,  of  a  cylindrical  form,  U".  inches  high,  and  fxir 
wide,  arc  pla:ed  on  liiilerent  parts  of  the  ta'ile.  Fvrry 
gjeif,  within  reat  h  ol  one  of  thek-  tumblers,  takes  it 
up,  and  drinks  out  of  it.  It  woukl  l>e  thought  very 
impolitic,  if  he  was  to  take  a  glals  in  order  to  avoid 
ilrinking  out  ol  the  fame  tumbler  as  his  neiglibour. 

"  W'iu-n  the  lompany  has  eat  fir  a  f  w  mimues,  the 
empreU's  hcaltli  goes  i.iunil.  This  toaiV  is  given  in  a 
diticient  inanntr.  A  large  glals  bottle,  to  which  there 
is  alto  a  pi  lis  top,  is  placed  rji  the  table  before  tl:e 
jjerlbn  of  tiie  highelt  rank.  This  perfon  riles  from  hi,, 
feat,  ,1b  well  as  his  right  hand  neighbour,  to  whom  he 
gives  the  head  of  the  b.ottle,  and  jiouring  fo:rie  w'.ic 
into  the  cup,  gives  out  the  emprcls's  health,  bnwi'g  to 
the  whole  company.  As  foon  as  he  hath  drank,  he 
{^ivcs  the  bottle  to  his  neighbour,  who  jiiilleb  tlie  top  to 
tlie  perliin  fitting  ne.\t  to  him.  All  the  company  drink 
the  lovereign's  health  in  the  fame  manner,  v^iiile  a  band 
ot  muhcians  is  employed  in  finging  longs  ad.-.pted  to 
the  ccrcmonv. 

"  i  he  health  of  the  prince  p.nd  the  princefies  of  tlie 
royal  family  are  then  drank  in  the  fame  order;  and  eat- 
ing goes  on  for  a  little  time  longrr.  The  healths  of  ;dl 
the  guelh  are  then  carried  rouml  with  another  glafs 
bottle,  which  is  not  fo  beautiful  as  the  firll,  and  is  co- 
vered with  a  crult  of  bread. 

"  This  toalf  goes  round  nearly  in  the  fame  v.'.\y  as 
t'le  former,  except  that  when  the  lid  of  the  Ixittle  is 
fciven  to  one's  iKighbo  ir,  it  is  ufual,  at  the  fime  time, 
to  tell  him  the  chrilban  and  the  liirnaine  of  the  perfon 
wiinle  health  is  going  round  ;  .uul  liiis  mull  be  repeated, 
making  ;i  bow  to  him.  This  ciiliom  is  very  tnaible- 
four.-  to  llrangers,  as  the  Rudians  have  generally  ihree 
or  Ijur  ;.;iriltiaa  names,      i'liio  ccivm my  is  carrie.lon 


with  the  iHmod   graviiv,  mid  one  tniift  he  exf.ft  in  th? 
whole  lienil,  which  cMrnJ^  fll  rwv]  ihe  table." 

Siith  is  the  laic  of  tlie  :'rear  nnd  rj.!  lent:  bi;t  t!ie 
poor  pealat'ts  eat  a  kind  of  black  bread,  niaile  of  rye, 
tiarley,  ar;d  other  {T'.n  of  an  inlerior  cptali'y.  jt  is 
four,  b'lt  n!>t  unwholcf  nne.  1  hey  e.n  a  pre::!  c'ral  of 
garlic,  co.irfc  oil,  and  l:l!i.  ihty  make  no  clieele, 
and  are  not  much  .icqn„inrfd  with  the  ufes  o(  rriillv. 
'1  hey  dri'ik  a  bad  kind  of  mead,  and  li.joor  made  ot 
v»iki  f'lit  :  but  rheir  chief  potati'-n,  of  vliicli  they  yn  - 
t-ike  very  freely,  is  cxtin'ted  from  the  cctn  wiiich 
their  comi-rry  pptxhues,  M'-re  it  is  to  be  obfiirveri,  th.ir 
dunkrimi'ts  i',  thrir  piev  iii.r^  \  it  e.  Ff'h  men  .md 
V.  'iiun  aCculloiu  then,lelvcs  u>  lleqi  c;ir.l!antiy  aiirt 
tiinn-r. 

I'Tivifirnsarr  a*.  v.tII  pref^T'/rvl  in  RvilTla  bv  t!ir  froli-, 
;is  with  us  by  file  means  cf  iViC ;  .tikI  ceitainly  winlc  i: 
Jalis  ftlist  is,  during  tlie  win'tr  fMt)nih.s)  the  ioriner  i.i 
.t  brt'er  prtferv.in  .0  tl'an  the  lutiTj  for  this  reiiiin, 
that  it  never  aittrs  tiw  tai'e  or  cjmlii)  ol  whatever  it 
[)rekTv<«,  as  fdt  si'va'.  .  dinrs.  Tin:  f:r,ft  fixe: ,  f  r  a 
time,  (he  p<ils  :if<'i  oiiy  |iiire'-,  but  tl'xs  tint  (  hai.^^e  the 
favour.  Veal,  s;  d  (••\:r  kinds  nf  meat,  fnK'.tn  at 
Archan;'^!,  air  elUtmid  the  heft  of  c,;;i;:;'  at  i'l'.irf- 
Ixirg  i  n  ■!  :irc  thev  diflin[T"illiable  fr;>m  what  is  frilii 
kill.  d.  I  hnce  the  cap:t:d,  in  the  v;:itrr,  is  pkiui 
fiilv  fuppiifd  with  all  kindi*  of  frelli  provifions ;  and 
the  ii-,.^rkt  ts  are  H.iiid  v.iiii  piks  <;f  carcaifr?,  tonfili-  ■; 
'I  lro/.(nh"gs,  Iheep,  filh,  poultry,  vegc'ablcs,  ^. c. 
I'l'it  i'  is  to  be  obfrived,  th.it  v.hen  any  of  theic  ate  in 
be  didfed,  thrv  mull  be  thawed  by  iinmerfion  in  colli 
w.-'.c!,  a'ld  not  l>y  tie  means  of  (iie  or  ^'aim  water,  as 
till  le  V,  (  uld  fp'oil  il.em  immeiiiat'^'Iy. 

1  he  Ki:friitns  .-•re  tonJ  of  mvi'lc,  partirulariy  tf.e  baf;- 
pipc  ,  nnd  have  a  kind  of  vi.•^^i^,  ^vlt'l  a  la'  ;e  bcliy  like 
that  of  a  lute.  Their  mi'fic,  howcvet,  is  barbarous 
and  dcfelive.  Public  fc^ocl.^  are  ellablilhrxl,  in  v.  hicU. 
tlie  children  are  regultilv  Hugh:  to  f.tig.  'I'hr  very 
beggars  alk  alms  in  «  wiiini:;?,  cadence,  and  ri.ji:'uIous 
loit  of  rccit,!ti\e:  ar.d  it  is  lecor.led,  tl.  i:  a  Rulli;:!! 
auib:iflid''r  at  the  Hague,  havin;',  been  reg:i!ed  with  tl;c 
bill  concert  ((  vocal  .ir.d  InliriitKntal  mufic;  tliat  cculd 
be  procured,  was  alked  how  lie  liked  the  entertainment, 
and  rrplicd,  "  I'l-rf-dlv  weii:  rk.'  beggars  in  niv 
ciMintry  lii  g  jull  in  the  faiiT-  it,  ,i  rer."  hclides  h'lcnch, 
(ji  rnv-in,  ;uil  RifTian  fi::g<-rs,  v/iio  pe:Iorm  brf(;re  ths 
coutt  in  their  refprc>.i\r  languages,  t'lcre  is  frt  cf  Italian 
lingers.  No  jicrfons  pay  either  t:i  ;i  tithe  play  or 
concert,  iv^f.t  being  allowed  t  )  ervr  except  liich  .".s 
hive  ii(  k.er-  bv  authoritv.  Some  few  vi  ars  f',:;'e,  ;i;>. 
I'.nglilli  company  of  comedlnns  went  over  to  St.  Peteii- 
burg,  where  they  met  with  gieat  countenance  and 
encoutvgimrnt.  The  ji!.;\hv,:'c  d''*:s  are  g'.iarded ; 
and  ifaiiy  one  Ihou'd  get  in  wi-hoi.r  a  propi-r  right,  thev 
woukl  be  fcverely  puniihed.  liie  Ri'lnan:;  arc  fond  of 
dancing,  but  in  itdilplay  very  iitrlc  a^^ility.  The  lowir 
cUls  are  e\-en  infantine  in  their  atiiukuiems,  ^nd  diverr 
themfelves  with  fuch  gambvl;  :r-,  in  our  countrv, 
would  be  thought  too  trilling  U'V  cl'Jid.icn. 

They  are  extreir.ely  fim  I  of  hot  b.idis  and.  bver'.ripg- 
houfts,  in  which  tiiey  ccpltantiy  go  once  or  twin-  ;t 
week,  and  oltener,  if  they  can  afiiird  it,  a.nd  with  f;> 
little  regard  to  decency,  the  wdiiien  and  men  make  no 
li:ruple  to  go  into  tliem  pii)mil"cu(:',:!]v,  ;i:\i  to  ;!prear 
naked  there  to  each  other,      l.'i'on  tlu';:'  cimmg  out  of 

i:::o  ;l 


tlieni,   rhey   will   leap,   nakeci,   and   lee! 
river,  il  anv  be  nc.ir  j  oi  pnu 
water  upon  their  bodio- 
them  he;ilthy  and  liar.'y 
ol   the  winter. 

An  ir.genious  tr.ucl 
ciillom   among   orliers, 
bathing,   ol    not   It  fs    il 
Ther'j  ,'.re  k'vera 
burg,    and    ever' 


IP!.'.    llOl 


,>< 


1 


•V,  o  f-r  t.iic'  p:;rs  i 
1  cl.-i'e  ill-  I  or.'r>,  and  ri  i.di  i' 
1  l!i;v  <i'i  \:  c\-.'i  in  the  heme 


li.ilfpeniiy   J'inglilli  ei 
indeed,   lep:ir.ite  plat  < 


r,  who  was  a  fpejf.f.ir  of  il  i^ 

l.y^    "  I;    w  IS  a  pr.;i!;ifcuoi;s 

111    iCO   per:  :::•    t-f  ;:v:h  fe>;es. 

f  thele  publii  bincjs  in   St.  Peti  rl- 

r,e   pay:,  a   tew    a.pccivs    (valfr-    .t 


i)    lb|    a,  ni!;.], U.C.       I  lie- re 

fi.r  the   liii-n     nd   "  '>f^'::]  ;    ';    - 

they  Item  ijuite  re^ardicls  of  dni  diiiiiniti .;:,  ar^:   :.t 

or 


ruROPi.l 

or  bathe  in  a  (1 
\\  h.it  is  tq\^.\ 
room  he.iti-il  tl 
fiblc  to  bre.it 
there  riii  their 
tifui,  llu-v  ioO!! 
rile  throw  a  ip 
with  which  th« 
iiiav  hirdeii  a 
be  tiiuril  to  I 
Irlh  <>:'•." 

lMreW'>:ks 
ol  tl.e  Ki:l»:an 
making  all  kni 
1  uriofity,  givf 
ivnon  .-.rrl  i;i 
Peterholf.  " 
there  was  a  ;v 
dens.  I'lic  fc 
«,-jiii),  as  there 
any  ihaia'ler 
luKtiOn,  is  a 
were  n  it  lets 
lent.  Her  In 
mino,  and  pi 
illuminations  i 
law  in  my  lile 
kin  1,  \  am  alV 

I-lir'pe.       T\: 

th.e  It  .'!:•:  of  t 
the  (lUlph  of 
and  il'.e  view 
tide,  which  ha 
tiie  <  anal  wen 
beyond  tlieie 
1  imps  thlTen-n 
aiti'ic::il  calca 
dcchviiy  to  a 
r'ery  artificial 
1,  erl'.t'irs  at  t 
i'!ii:;iier-li  .ufi 
beyoir.t  all  aj 
in  ''le  lainc  bi 
c;;u!d  b-  b:r 
tuniult'itius  I 
which,  t'iiugl 
or  tlic  f.eart, 
bith. 

Til'  y  have 
of  tliel'c,  win 
declivities  w'ii 
of  this  divei 
hi'ls,  the  pe: 
amufemelit 
The  lite  emj 
fi:n,  that,  at 
tiHci.il  moinr 
fir  this  pur] 
Ir.nglillimen, 
t  nil'  i  U'lr  is 
ti.e  Kuflian  n 
lit  iglits,  the  1 
p-rperdiiuiar 
they  dcfcen.l 
p.bnve  five  o 
the  fritfiion  ai 
uhicli  they  : 
n'ail"  the  lai 
little  ifi.intl. 
and  a  h  fif  in 
be  uiei  in  111 
TWO  Ot  four  p 
behind  i  f  .1  ; 
fwiitnefs  wrt! 
in  grooves,  i 
del'. ends  wit 
is  a  machint 
rarrk'itjes  bac' 


iL'Rapi..] 


G  K  i:  A  T      RUSSIA. 


637 


or  Irittie  in  .i  (late  of  abtuliitif  niiiViiy  anwiig  t'.ii  li  otiicr. 
What  is  nui.dly  fxtraonliiiarv,  thi  y  ;.•/)  liill  inn  A 
room  hf.iti'ii  n)  lo  iiitmlc  ailrijuc,  tii,it  ii  i>  k.irce  \a:{ 
filile  ti)  briMtlic  ill  ii ;  aiHJ,  afer  liavitif^  rciii<  Mifd 
tlicrf  rill  their  Ivniics  :i;i' in  tiie  ivi'tl  vinlcnt  |vrl,  i:.i- 
tion,  iluv  iridn'iilv  fiiluT  pkinnn'  ini'>  iIkkM  w.tLi,  or 
cIIl-  tlirnw  a  i]Ma:itiry  ot  iiovtriliem  Iruni  littlt-  hucLrt', 
V.  iih  v.liiih  ilirv  afc  all  jroviilcd  (or  iliat  pur|)'  li-.  1  li  s 
may  hirilt-n  a  Kirriini  <('liHit'K|Mn,  lurt,  1  bclirvi",  woiil  I 
br  t'oitnil  ID  liavi-  \a\  JilKrir.:  li'l c  :>  itp  :i  ixn  1' n;- 
iilh  Of." 

I'lrv/w ■^Iks  C'liiflii.rfc  a  j^rri'  pfTt  ()♦  tlic  ilivti;ions 
nt  llii-  Ki:('':iiis,  wljo,  il'tluy  cMi'tl  in  anv  tiiirvj,  rr  !•.  in 
in.i'^.iriL'.  all  kiiiil^  i'l  thr  an;hi;.ii  uay.  .\  traidir,  of 
I'lriiriirv,  pvc-  ihr  f'  llov.  jnj;  account  of  a  (;.\iii.  I  iiliniii 
iin<in  .-^n..!  :n.i:qve:,i.lr,  l^l',i.h  lie  l"r,v  at  tin- |  ahuf  oi 
I'ftcrlioH.  "  I  wrnt  tlowii  (fays  he)  to  I'cttrlinll,  wlnn 
there-  w.is  a  imlqiitiade  and  illiiiiiination')  in  rli.'  f,  r- 
('(.-ns.  I'he  fornier  of  th.  le  is  rather  a  I'lil piium  '•- 
Vitnn,  as  thcrr  are  very  few  or  no  faiKy  drelle-,  nor  is 
any  I hai after  fnpijortcd.  Kvery  j-.-irin,  without  ihl- 
tm^t.on,  is  ad'iiuicd  upon  this  ocralir)!);  inJ  rliere 
weie  n  It  his  t!'an  f  iir  or  live  ilD'ifind  ptrlons  jre- 
lenr.  I  ler  Imperial  iua|illy  was  drrlfed  in  a  bh:e  do- 
mino, and  pl.iytd  at  lards  m  'II  ol  ilie  iii[,ht.  The 
illiiminitiOii'  in  the  i^ardcns  f;.r  l.;rpaii'cd  any  I  ever 
law  in  my  liie.  In  iliefe,  as  alio  in  (iievvorks  of  every 
kin  i,  1  am  al'.ir.e.l  that  the  Kullians  excel  any  nation  of 
]•  ur  "fC.  Tv.i)  pr  !di{iiv)iis  arcad'.s  nf  lire  txtende.lin 
fi'.e  !t  >i;t  of  tlv-  pdicc.  1 1  if  can.d,  which  leaHvs  to 
the  (iiilph  of  I'inianl,  was  iilMninated  on  both  fi.ii  s  ; 
and  i!-.e  view  ttiiiiMi.ued  by  a  r  tk,  lightcil  in  the  ii;- 
fkle,  v.liicli  had  a  b.j;;tiiul  cTecl.  iMoni  ei;!-.ci-  liik-  of 
the  I  j;val  went  i-ff  I  r.g  arclicd  v.'aii<.s  illumii:  itrrl ;  and 
beyond    theie,  in  th''    W'od.s    "'e"-"    hwn;r  (cllocns   or 


1  ilip~  (lifft-ri-iitly  col  1 
aiii'icial  calcades,   wke 


'.     All  '.lie  />/  (i'l  ."*  pl.iyri 
fhi'   v.;;rLT  tii,nb,l'-d  from  o-e 


declivity   to  atK)t!'.er,  a.nd  und-  r  ench  of  which   ligli! 
very  artil-ic'.;:iiy  tli.iiol-rd,    amnf.-d    and    firprivA-d    tii 


f,  erb.tors  at  lilf  fune  liine.     Ik-lides  thi 


there 


J'iiii;iier-!i  UiVs,  pyr.-.mids,  and  trmjiles  ol  llaine  ;  an  i 
hey;nd  all  appeared  die  inpeiial  yat  hf.  on  the  water, 
in  ''le  l.inv  brilliant  and  d-./zlini;  (iina;ir,-ntr-.  Notii.a.i, 
cvaM  b'-  b  'ttr  < 'iic'ilaied  lo  |  fil'ice  that  {'il 'y  an.l 
tMiiinhiious  ti-el'.i-.i!  of  mingled  wonder  anil  dclij;ht, 
wliich,  tli'ioj'.h  It  ariks  nci'Iicr  from  the  iinderli..ndinir 
ov  the  heart,  has  yet  a  i!:oll  powerhil  iiillueiK'e  over 
b.ith. 

Tlu  y  have  alf  i  open  flcdi^es  for  anuifemcnt.  In  f  juk- 
of  tliefc,  which  are  very  iliniinndve,  tliey  Hide  dov.ii 
declivities  wi;h  an-.ar.in^  vrj-jci'v,  and  are  mif^luy  fjnd 
oT  this  diveifioii.  As  I'eierihui,.^  is  widiout  iiatiir.'.l 
'li'ls,  rlie  [leople  r.iifc  artificial  ni'-'iiits  to  enioy  ti:is 
amufrmeiit  Tln-y  are  cil'id  ice  hills,  or  ulif;  aiies. 
'I'he  lite  cinprel's,  Kli/abeth,  wa.  lo  loud  ol  tins  diver- 
fi -n,  that,  at  Ivr  palace  of  /arfl-:o  Zrl  ■,  "ic  had  ar- 
tificial nioiMr-i,  of  a  very  ling'il.ir  confifction,  made 
f)r  ihis  purpofe.  Tlufe  have  been  called  by  fmie 
I:.n:.'lillimen,  who  vifiteil  the  country,  the  Hvir:;;  Mnm^ 
t  nil-  ;  n')r  is  thi  re  a  p^infc  wliieii  approaches  nearer  to 
the  Kiifl'ian  ri.'.ni--.  I  h-re  are  live  inoonts  of  imei]n:il 
h-i^'Jits,  the  lirlt  a:,d  highi  II  of  tlieni  beirn;  full  ;o  f ct 
[••rj'endi(.ijiar  aiiitode.  I'he  nwMV.entoni,  v.ith  which 
they  dilVend,  c.fiica  them  over  tlie  liond,  «;iich  i? 
rbove  live  or  li.-:  feet  lower,  jnll  fiffiiiciit  to  aii<)W  fir 
the  fiiclion  and  rcfillance,  and  lb  on  to  the  lall,  from 
uhicli  they  are  cr)nveyed,  by  a  gentle  delcent,  vi-li 
IV  ail"  the  lam;-  vel  ici'.y,  over  a  piece  ol  water  into  a 
little  ifi.md.  fhefe  IliJcs,  which  are  about  a  fiMi"n;' 
end  a  h  I'.f  in  !vn./th,  ate  made  of  W'oo  !,  that  they  may 
br  ti!r  {  in  limmur  a  .  well  as  winter.  'I'he  [.rortls  is, 
rwn  or  f;lir  (eitb-is  lit  in  a  lit'le  cairiajje,  an.i  oneilanis 
l'<-hiiKli  fii  the  mort-  there  arc  in  it,  the  (,\rrater  is  tl-.c 
fftjitnels  v.rfh  wbi' li  it  f*oe.«.  It  runs  on  cjUor.s  aral 
in  f;ro>HTS,  to  l.e.-p  it  in  its  right  dirtrtion,  and  it 
dcl'.inds  witli  .«  wonderful  rapidity.  Under  the  hill 
IS  a  iiiaehiiKj  W'.irkfd  by  horfcs,  lor  the  drawin-;';  the 
raiikiijes  baik  again  with  the  company  in  ihejii. 


The  manner  of  travellinif  in  UiifTia  is  cxfremeiy 
rommodioiis,  el'pecinilv  in  winter,  when  then  11' vlges 
{tliile  aw.iy  (,n  the  fnrl.nt?  if  the  ice  or  finv/  witiiS.t- 
j;  ricdiblc  diljatch,  and  f j  verv  little  labour  to  the  horfes, 
that  ilicy  ca.i  e.ilily  pcilorm  a  journey  o'  .,o  or  Oo  iiiihs 
a  diy.  Their  llrilges  aie  ni.idc  of  the  b;rk  of  the  linden 
tree,  tirred  to  the  I'uv  ol  a  man,  lined  with  Ihme  tiiick 
(rlr  i  and  when  a  iViAn  is  laid  along  in  them,  he  is  wrapt 
op,  and  (p.'ite  coveral,  in  fyiod  hirs.  I'he  drivir,  for 
tl-.e  moll  part,  rim.s  by  the  ll'd^e,  to  keep  ifimlelf  warm, 
or  lits  at  the  feit  of  the  pi  i  fun  who  travels.  The 
lied'Ts  b'4n|4  buili  I'd  VI  ry  1  iw,  ilioiild  tlicy  happen  to 
overturn,  there  is  lirtle  <  i  i?:er  In  the  fall.  Jn  tliis 
ni'Kle  "I  tr.ivellinf^,  die  tin.c  is  inoltly  ipent  in  dee]  ing; 
tlie  rafy  and  almoft  ifiij'erceptiMe  motion  favourinj^  thei 
rip.fc.  Wlicn  they  ha|  pea  u,  pafi  through  defari.;, 
or  t;re.it  f  iiells,  where  ihcy  are  obli^-^ed  to  retnain  all 
nipht  in  the  open  ai',  (hey  kindle  a  gi'cat  lite,  round 
which  they  rang.- thfir  lle.lges  j  fo  that  being  well  doled 
on  all  iidcs,  and  well  covered  up  with  ihcir  furs,  they 
nil  more  coiiimodioudy  than  in  a  country  cottage, 
where  mail  and  Ixails  being  li  dged  in  one  room,  greatly 
dillorl)  I  man's  rcih 

riie  p,rea!tll  inconvenience  in  travelling  in  th  )lc 
parts,  is  rlie  want  .>f  inns  vn  the  road,  which  obli^s 
ir.ivellers  to  carrv  provili.ins  along  with  tliem,  and 
other  n  •ceilaries  i!u-y  may  Hand  in  need  of  liut  thole 
who  travel  fingly,  CHumcnly  go  poll,  when  they  pay 
the  wh'ile  cxpence  of  the  journey  at  fettlng  out,  and 
have  no  more  occilion  to  jmt  their  hmd  in  their  pocket 
till  they  come  to  liie  end  of  it,  which  is  very  con- 
venient, 'the  poll  b.'v  rcctives  a  wii'.ten  order,  whicli 
he  delivers  to  the  next  who  ficceeds  him,  and  fo  on  to 
the  en  I.  They  go  day  and  r.i  riit,  having  belli  horfcs 
every  ten  miles.  Ihey  commonly  travel  an  hundred 
anti  lifty  miies  in  twcntv-!(>ur  hours,  and  f jmciiiiu s 
go  dir.-e  llages  widiiut  wakitig. 

In  the  fomnii  r  thev  travel  either  by  v.'.ttcr,  on  tho 
liv.r.,  with  which  'his  cou  •■try  abounds,  or  bv  land, 
on  horcfelMk,  by  coach,  or  fleepiiig  wap.gons ;  the 
roads  in  UulFia  being  verv  broad,  beautitul,  and  tif>' 
fir  tra-  illiiu;.  For  |)ainiig  the  rivers  they  have  .i  kind 
of  tloitiit;  lirHige"-,  Uiade  ol'  latj^e  llr  trees  lallcncd  to- 
getiier,  which  can  fu[)port  a  great  weight.  Dtit  thf 
violtiit  li'at  of  the  liimmer,  and  the  prodigiocs  qtian- 
tiiies  of  iniillset'is  and  llics,  are  very  tr.r.iblefoiiie,  r.iid 
urcatlv  interriij):  the  plealur?  a  llranijer  would  other  v;lj 
have  in  jMlling  through  tliis  country,  from  the  beauty 
and  variety  of  its  foreils,  rivers,  and  la!;es. 

The  Rul'.'ians  prnfels  the  religion  of  the  (./re'jl-: 
chuich,  the  tx'ernal  parts  of  which  conlll  in  a  num- 
ber i,f  f.lis,  fellivals,  and  ccremonif-s.  ]jnt  is  obfervid. 
Iiy  them  with  the  grcate.l  lirictncl--.  BeHdes  tlie  nu- 
irerciis  iixeil  falls,  the  KiilHans,  at  particular  tiiiies, 
rejecl,  as  im|)ure,  horle-nelli,  eik,  veal,  hare,  rabbit, 
alle:,  milk,  mare's  milk,  N'enice  treacle,  and  ail  com - 
poiiticns  vhich  contain  any  thing  ot  mulk,  callor,  or 
civet.  Kefpcc^ing  tlu'lr  images,  they  lulicr  none  tluic 
are  carved  or  graven  eiilier  in  their  churches  or  hoiifet, 
but  fuch  only  as  are  p;iiiited  o«i  wooil,  in  oil  olour:., 
by  tliofe  of  their  own  rt  iialoii  i  and  tlie  walls  ot  their 
churches  are  every  where  full  ot  them.  Over  the  porches 
of  tlicir  churches,  in  the  market  [lace,  and  over  the 
gates  of  iluir  cities,  you  aie  fure  to  meet  v  irh  the 
picture  of  i 'ine  (junt  or  othir;  fo  that  numbers  of 
people  are  contlanriy  leen  croll'ing  tlunitelvfs,  with  a 
molt  profoimd  bowing  of  t!ic  head,  repeating  tiie 
Grfpoih  Pop:'.!,'!,  or  (iikI  havc  inercv  upon  me. 

An  Ivnglilli  traveller  irlaffs,  that  a  Kuifian  once 
coming  to  him  «ith  a  nuHiige,  kwiked  a'o mt  the  room 
fr  an  iiinfte.  .iiid  feeing  notK-,  afkrd  hiin.  Where  is  thy 
(iod?  He  anfwered  151  heaven  i  w^m  whith  the  Kuf 
li.in  imiiktlMtely  went  away,  without  tieliverin ;  hi- 
mertlige.  The  traveller,  howe»cr,  in  conkquence  oi 
this,  was  advilird  liv  a  Kufliati  of  rank,  v.itli  whom  he 
WAS  in  a  lialfit  of  inttmaty,  to  cauli-  a  flint's  picture  to 
bo  hung  in  his  isKiiii,  to  prevent  giving  any  iartlier  ol 
<fii  r  ol  (hit  kHKl. 

i  Thf 


'•['• 


iHiriN 


689        A  NI-AV.  ROYAl.    vn,*  AIJTIIFNTIC  SVSTF.M  or  UMivr.R<^AI.  GFOC.Ft.AlM  lY. 


'I'hrRuiri.iiick'ipy  are,  in  (/eiicr.il,  it;nor.int.  I'licre 
■re,  howcvir,  amon^',  tli<ni  im-ii  ol  Icatiiiiig  ami  iii- 
^lYiuity,  l)ut  tlicir  mmibu  ii  lina;!.  'I'licy  Itlilom 
jir.ul),  as  tlii'ir  I  liici  iliity  loi-H  in  rcailiii^  prauis 
ami  portions  of  I  ri|)tini'.  It  .  bi-  atknowlethtcJ, 
ill  (avoiir  ot  ihi-  Kiilli.in  ilfiiiv,  tiiat  tlicy  arc  toli-raiit, 
ami  very  tharital)lf  to  tlioli:  ol  a  t'aitli  liill'citiit  from 
tlicir  own.  Thty  lay  all  mi'ii  may  go  to  hcavi-n  ;  but 
tiiat  the-  chirf  i^lacrs  will  be  afTigned  to  the  Riiliiaii-, 
I  lie  clergy  conlills,  at  [irek-nt,  in  Iccular  ami  inonalUc 
jiricih :  the  Iccular  arc  arclibilliopj  aiiJ  bilhops ;  the 
r'onallic  aic  iiionkb.  I'lie  Iccular  onler  may  marry  : 
but  it  tiieir  wives  tlic,  they  cannot  olFiciate  in  their  of- 
tite,  but  mutl  retire  to  a  monallery  ;  lor  whicii  re alon 
tiie  priells  in  KuFia  are  very  kinil  to  their  wives.  The 
iiionallic  order  is  that  of  M.  Bafil,  of  whiili  there  are 
many  monallcrics  in  Rullia.  F'.ach  monalUry  ha*  a 
prior,  who  is  lliled  Archmandit.  'I'he  monks  arc  not 
permitteil  to  marry,  'liie  Rullians  never  acknowlcil^eJ 
flic  pope  ol  Rome  as  head  of  tiic  church,  but  the  pa- 
triarch of  Conllaiitinople,  till  tiic  time  Conllantinopic 
was  taken  by  the  lurks.  The  Ruflian  clergy  elu  led  a 
patriarch,  who  iiad  iiis  refidence  at  Molcow,  and  he  had 
.1  fovereign's  power  in  all  ecclcliallical  matters,  wiiich 
Peter  the  (ireat  tliinking  too  great,  de|)oled  him,  and 
iledarcd  himl'cif  iiead  of  the  church. 

The  b3|)tilnial,  matrimonial,  and  funeral  ceremonies 
of  the  Ruffians,  are  very  fingular,  as  their  religion 
confids  of  outward  form,  and  much  fuperftition. 

At  baptifm  the  child  is  dipped  three  times  in  a  large 
veffel  of  water,  while  the  tponlbrs  liave  each  a  wax 
candle  in  their  hands.  After  the  ciiild  is  clipped,  the 
priell  puts  on  the  Hurt,  and  tl.cn  exorcilcsit ;  and,  at  the 
end  of  every  I'cntence,  he  and  the  Ipoiilors  Ipit,  tollicw 
they  have  triumphed  over  the  devil. 

Concerning  the  marriage  irrcinonies  of  the  Riifllans, 
a  pcrfoii  of  raiik,  loii;;  rcfidcnt  in  the  country,  thus 
I'peaks.  "  The  wedding  was  one  of  my  fervants. 
The  match  was  proi-ofed  tj  the  girl's  parents,  and  they 
.approving  of  it,  came  to  alk  my  confent.  Wiien  that 
was  obtained,  the  man  lent  her  a  prefeiit,  confilling 
of  a  comb,  tome  paint,  .''  "  patciies.  '1  hen  he  was 
admitted  to  her  tor  the  lirfl  time.  They  gave  cacii  other 
a  ring,  and  a  promil'e  of  marriage ;  and  the  wedding 
was  appointed  for  that  day  Ic'nnight,  h  rom  that  time 
to  the  day  of  the  wedding,  the  girls  of  her  acquaintance 
took  turns  to  be  with  Ivr  night  and  day,  continually 
tinging  tongs  to  bemoan  her  lofs  out  of  their  focicty. 
When  the  day  came,  they  took  a  formal  leave  of  Jier 
with  many  tears :  and  the  man's  relations  came  to  fetch 
her,  and  her  fortune,  which  was  a  bed  and  bedding,  a 
table,  and  a  pifture  of  her  patron  faint.  " 

A  very  ingenious  writer  has  left  upon  a  record,  a 
whimlical  and  entertaining  account  of  the  lame  cere- 
mony. "  In  171;  the  princel's  Natalia,  only  filler 
to  the  reigning  czar,  by  the  lame  mother,  ordered  pre- 
parations to  be  made  for  a  grand  wedding,  for  two  of 
her  dwarfs,  who  were  to  be  married.  On  this  occafion 
feveral  Ihiall  coaches  were  made,  and  little  Shetlami 
horfes  provided  to  draw  them.  All  the  dwarfs  in  tlie 
kingdom  were  tummoned  to  celebrate  the  nuptials,  to 
the  number  of  ninety-three.  They  went  in  grand  [iio- 
cen";on  througii  all  the  ftrcets  of  Molcow.  iJefore 
them  went  a  large  open  waggon,  drawn  by  lix  horl'es, 
with  kettle  drums,  frrnch-horns,  and  liautboys.  Then 
lollowetl  the  nuirlliall  and  his  attendants,  two  and  two, 
on  horfcback.  1  hen  the  briiiegroom  and  bride,  in  a 
coacii  ami  .ix,  attended  by  the  bride-man  and  maid, 
who  fat  before  them  in  the  coach.  They  were  follow- 
ej  by  fifteen  imall  coaches,  eacii  lirawn  by  lix  Shet- 
land horfcs,   twid  each  containing  four  dwarfs. 

It  was  fiirprifing  to  fee  fui  h  a  number  of  little  crea- 
tures in  one  company  together,  cfpeci.iily  as  they  were 
fiirnillied  with  an  equipage  conformable  to  thi  ir  Itature. 
Two  troops  of  dragoons  aaended  the  proceflion,  to 
keep  oil  the  mob  ;  and  many  pcrfons  of  filiiion  were 
invited  to  the  wedding,  wlio  attended  in  tliiir  coaches 
to  the  church  where   the  fmall  couple  weie   married. 


From  tlioii:e  the  proceHinn  returned  in  order  to  tii'* 
princels's  palajc,  wliere  a  jjr.md  ciueit.iiniiunt  was  pro- 
vided for  the  company.  i  wo  long  taolcs  were  covered 
(11  lai-h  fide  of  a  long  hall,  where  tliecoiujiany  of  dwarfs 
dined  together.  '1  lie  piiiueK,  with  Iivr  t»(i  nieces, 
were  at  the  troiibli  thcmlelves  to  fee  them  .ill  fcatcil, 
and  well  attended,  Ix-fore  tlicy  fat  down  to  their  own 
table.  At  night  the  princcllis,  attended  by  the  nobility, 
condiielcd  the  married  couple  to  bed  in  grand  flate  ; 
alter  whicli  i  crcincny  tlie  dwarf  company  l;ad  a  large 
room  allot;eil  tium  to  make  merry  among  thcniltlvcs. 
1  he  cniertainment  concliKleil  with  a  grami  balL 

SNlietlier  the  cultom  of  the  bride's  prcl(.nting  lur 
f[)oiiK-  with  a  whip,  on  her  wedding  day,  in  token  of 
IuIiiiiiUkiii  Ik-  Dill  in  vogue  in  the  more  remote  iLirK, 
fince  tl.iy  h.ivc  bei  n  polilhe d  in  thcle  laid  r  reigns,  wc  will 
not  atliriii,  but  thtre  is  auiliority  lullieicnt  to  believe 
it  to  li.iN  e  been  an  ancient  one ;  and  our  Fiigliih 
rci.ler  will  not,  perhaps,  be  diljilealed  to  be  told  whence 
it  had  its  rile.  Rullia  is  now  part  of  the  ancient  Sar- 
matia'  Scytliii,  wlioic  inhaliit.uiis,  ha\irg  formed  a 
dcfign  to  leek  lome  new  and  better  h.iliKations,  left 
their  \iivcs  and  country  under  the  care  of  ti.eir  Haves, 
went  and  conquered  a  gre.it  pai  t  of  Ciiecce,  and  held 
it  a  confide  Table  time;  cluiing  whieii,  tiieir  wi.es  hear- 
ing no  tidiii^;s  of  them,  and  iinwilling  to  lole  their  teem- 
in^;-iime,  ti  ok  the  Haves  to  their  beds.  'I'he  mailers 
returning  Irnm  (.rtece,  tlie  Haves  diT;giied  to  oppolc" 
them.  Uorli  fide:,  being  drawn  up  in  order  of  battle, 
one  ol'tlie  S.irmatians,  acklreHlng  himlilf  to  his  fellows, 
oliferved,  that  they  llioiikl  dcb.il'e  lliemltlvcs  by  uling 
the  fword  and  t'pear  ag,iii,ll  H.ives,  whom  they  had 
formerly  overawed  witii  the  found  of  a  whip.  1  Ic 
therefore  propoled,  that  every  man  llioukl  arm  him- 
leif  with  this  weapon  only.  The  advice  was  immedi- 
ately |!iirfued,  and  they  attacked  tiic  enemy  with 
fcourges.  '1  he  Haves  iiad  been  Ui  accufhimed  to  dread 
this  iiillrument,  diat  they  were  inllantly  f'eizcd  with  a 
panic,  and  fled  witii  the  utmolt  precipation.  The 
[  ril  )ners  were  purfucd  with  vigour.  A  great  part  of 
tlie  women  made  away  with  themlclves,  and  tlie  relL 
lubniitteil  to  llagellation,  wiiich  was  feverely  exercilcd. 
In  memory  of  this  event,  and  as  a  warning  to  RuHlan 
wives,  the  wiiip,  or  Icourge,  is  one  of  the  liill  wed- 
ding prclents,  and  hung  u|)  in  the  moft  coiiijiicuous 
part  of  the  houl'e,  that,  by  prcli  nting  itielf  continually 
to  the  gocxl  woman's  eyes  it  ni.iy  never  flip  from  her 
remembrance. 

The  Rullians  m.iy  not  marry  any  one  that  is  related 
to  them  within  the  fourth  generation.  Thofe  of  an 
ei]ual  degree  of  conlanguinity,  call  each  other  brother 
and  filler,  with  the  dilliiicHon  of  tirll,  fccond,  and  fo 
on  to  the  fourth  degree  ;  and  thofe  of  a  higher  or  lowei 
degree,  are  called  urn  1  s  nephews,  t\c.  with  the  fame 
dillindion.  At  their  chrilhnings  they  commonly  have 
diree  or  four  gociflithers,  with  an  eiiual  number  of  god- 
mothers, who,  after  that  ceremony,  deem  tliemlelves 
lb  nearly  rel.ittd,  that  they  can  no  more  inarry  each 
other,  than  if  they  were  children  of  the  lame  parents. 

The  following  is  an  account  of  tlie  ceremonies  of  a 
Rulilan  funeral,  as  performed  on  the  dcmile  cif  a  lady 
of  the  lirll  rank,  given  by  an  eminent  traveller  then 
preltiu,  "  She  died  in  childbed,  and  w is  buried  with 
grc.it  pomp.  After  the  company  l;:id  fat  lome  time, 
they  all  went  into  the  room  to  the  corple.  Tlie  coffin 
was  o|)en.  She  was  drcHed  in  an  umlrefs,  as  flic  died 
in  tli.it  condition,  (other'.Nife  Hie  would  h.ive  been  full 
dreH(.d,)  in  a  night  gown  of  filvcr  tifiiie,  tied  with 
pink  ribbons.  On  her  head  was  a  line  laced  mob,  and  a 
coronet,  as  princels  of  the  Roman  empire.  Round 
her  forehead  was  tied  a  ribbon,  embroidered  with  her 
name  and  age.  In  her  left  arm  lay  the  chiki,  who  died 
a  few  minutes  after  its  birth,  dreflcd  in  lilver  tilliic. 
In  her  right  hand  was  a  roll  of  pa)  er,  which  was  a  cer- 
tificate from  her  confelFor  to  St.  I'erer,  which  ran  thus. 
"  We  do  certify  by  thele  p.ielcnts,  that  the  bearer 
hereof  has  always  b<liaved  and  lived  amoni^  us  as  be- 
came q  good  Chrillian,  profefFing  the  Greek  religion  ; 

J  anvi 


in  orJcr  to  tlir 
t.iiiiinnit  WMS  jiro- 
ok-,  were  coviTCii 
iini|uiiy  1)1  ilwarfs 
!uT  t«u   iiirces, 
tl.iMi  .ill  fcatcil, 
luii  to  their  ()wi\ 
■J  by  tlie  nobility, 
1  ill  jT.iml   ll.irt- ; 
p.wiy    I;;h1  a  l.irgc 
nioiit;  tlicmliUcs. 
;ianil  balL 
i  iiri'kiuini»  her 
lay,   in  tokm  of 
)tL-  remote  [;.;rts, 
ttir  reigns,  Uf  will 
Heiint    tu  bfliivc 
mil   our   I'.Mf'liili 
t')bc  toiil  wIkhcc 
tlie  amient  Sar- 
lavii.g   furnini  a 
r  lial'iMtions,  left 
re  (il   ti.eir  Haves, 
liteecc.    and  held 
ttieir  ui.e^,  lioar- 
I)  lolc  ilieir  tecni- 
i!s.     'I'lic  iiialU'ri 
gneil   to  oppofc 
M  order  of   battle, 
ill.  If  to  Ills  fellow!,, 
niltlvcs  by  uJing 
whom   they  had 
of  a  whip.     1  le 
iliouU  arm  him- 
vice  was  immeiii- 
thc    enemy    with 
Lrullonad  to  dread 
intly  liized  with  a 
recipation.      'I'lic 
\  great   part  of 
Kes,  and  tlie  rcli 
fcverely  exereil'ed. 
arning  to  Kiiflian 
of  the  liid  wed- 
moft  conl'picuoiis 
L',  itielf  continually 
ever  flip  from  her 

nne  that  is  related 
111.  'I  hofc  of  an 
ath  other  brother 
I,  I'econd,  and  fo 
a  higher  or  lowe; 
:o.  with  the  fame 
y  commonly  have 
il  number  of  god- 
deem  t!:emlelves 
norc  marry  each 
the  l.uiic  parents. 
'  ccrcmonieb  of  a 
:  ilemife  of  a  Licly 
fnt  traveller  then 
I  was  buried  witll 
ul  fat  lomc  time, 
iplc.  The  coffin 
idrel!,,  as  flie  died 
lid  li.ive  been  fuli 
tilliie,  tied  with 
laced  mob,  and  a 
empire.  Roupd 
oidercd  with  her 
e  child,  who  died 
I  in  lilver  tiliue. 
which  was  a  Ctr- 
l', which  ran  thus, 
that  die  bearer 
amoii!;  us  as  be- 
Greck  religion ; 
and 


lUmrSoF.I.   iniit  ()i«l<is  oftli.-iiKKKK  (.lin{«.H  ill  l^l'.SSIA 


/■   I'h;./,-.  \///i  ,-f'//i,  f  '/■//,  I'  /'.y'  /ii/sf7      l.lXtf/i  '/'//it  ,///,f>///  f  '/>/</■■/ is''. ///,///.i//// 

■  ill    .  /i.\7f//  ,    \  }///    . 


h\ 


U:l 


M  (■ 


t  ;(l'.«i, 


///,//'// 1 /',///,  ln'///>/.\-//,'J> <7  Ji'i/.v.vhi  ','  (  '//,  /rJ/<i/>>f  i/')i  ( i/r<i/i  •■/  '/,'iia:s-/',i 


r.L'ROI'E. 


V'i 


!il 


anJ  aldiouLrli 
cunlcllcii  (he 
lulutioii  :  (h, 
ihat  Ihe  has 
on  the  hours 
(h<"  hasalway 
conftnor,  ir 
complain  uf 
In  witnds  wl 
to  the  end  t 
not  deny  he 
bills. 

"  When  a 

her  Jervants  < 

rior  firll.     1 

afked  her  pa 

and  made  th( 

howling  than 

dicir  leave,  w 

lace,  and  ma( 

the  otiicrs.     ' 

ones  firll,     ' 

he  would  hav 

noil  moving 

to  be  excufct 

thought  he  on 

as  hr  was  a  1( 

was  brought  1 

as  lupportcrs, 

for  ute  than  lln 

in  his  face.     ^ 

where  the  cor 

hartlhorn ;    w 

have  armeil  1 

there  fainted. 

and  recovered 

in  an  o])cn  chj 

and,  as  a  gene 

was  carried  to 

and  though  tii 

the  ilreets,  it 

the  chapel ;   a 

over  again,  ej 

home  in  a  fci 

was  uncoverct 

like  the  Roma 

lied,  ail  the  cc 

dinner,  which 

ing,  as  every 

but  the  hufban 

to  attend." 


Language,  Jh 
Ciimuials,  L\ 

THE  Rudl 
old  Sclav 
it  i  and,   with 
with  Greek  w 
rupt  fort  of  Cj 
Various  dialed 
empire,    as  th 
Ukraniah,  and 
The  arms  o 
with  a  dilplayei 
her  brcaft,  char 
a  Dragon  Sino 
caples  are  the  t 
trachan.     Acc( 
tal  open,  with  t 
former  was  tak 
pretence  tliat  t 
Truvor,  were 
The  eagle,  how 
rial,   but  hang< 
with  the  dragon 
No.  6j. 


IX'ROrE.J 


GREAT      RUSSIA. 


Ciij 


sikI  aUlii)Ui!.li  flv."  may  liivr  lor.iiiittrJ  fornc  fins,  flic  has 
cuntcllcd  the  i.iiiii-,  vvlicrrupoii  Ihc  lutli  iccctvcil  ali- 
luluiion  :  that  Ihc  has  honoured  (iod  and  his  l!;int'< ; 
ihit  the  has  not  ncKlcdtcd  her  prayers,  and  has  failed 
on  the  hours  and  days  appointed  by  the  churel; :  that 
(hf  has  always  bchaveil  herl'clf  towards  mc,  wlio  am  her 
confcflur,  ir  liiih  a  manner,  that  1  have  no  rcalon  to 
complain  of  lier,  or  dtny  her  thi-  abli)iution  of  her  fins. 
In  witnefa  whereof  we  have  {;ivcn  her  thole  tellimoniah, 
to  the  end  that  St.  I'eter,  upon  figlit  of  tlieni,  may 
not  deny  her  the  opening  of  the  gate  to  eternal 
blili. 

"  When  all  the  company  were  ranged  in  the  room, 
her  fervants  came  to  take  their  leave  of  her,  tiie  infe- 
rior firll.  They  all  killed  her  hand,  and  the  child, 
afkcd  her  pardon  fiir  any  crime  they  had  rnmmitied, 
and  made  the  molt  terrible  noite  imaginable,  raihrr 
howling  than  crying.  After  that  her  acquaintance  took 
their  leave,  with  this  diftercnce,  tiiat  they  killed  her 
laco,  and  made  a  hideous  noife,  though  not  lb  bad  as 
the  others.  Then  came  her  relations,  the  molt  dilbnt 
ones  firll,  VV  lien  her  brother  came,  1  really  thou^'hi 
he  would  have  pulled  her  out  of  the  c;^'^n.  But  tiie 
moll  moving  lunc  was  the  luilband,  who  >•  d  be!;i;eil 
to  be  excufcd  this  difmal  ceremony  ;  but  .  brother 
thought  he  ought  to  comply  with  the  Rufs  cuftom,  lelt, 
as  hr  was  a  foreigner,  it  Ihould  be  deemed  a  flight.  He 
was  brought  from  his  o\<n  apartment  by  two  gentlemen 
as  I'upporters,  and  they  were  really,  in  this  cale,  more 
for  ulc  than  fliew.  1  Ic  had  true  but  (ilent  lorrow  painted 
in  his  face.  When  iic  came  to  the  door  of  the  room 
where  the  corple  lay,  he  lloiJi^ed  and  alked  for  fome 
hartlhorn ;  whili,  wiien  he  drank,  and  feemed  to 
have  armed  himtllt,  he  advanced  to  the  coflin,  and 
there  fainted.  When  he  w?'  ken  out  of  the  roam, 
and  recovered,  the  corpfc  was  -a.  .ied  down  and  plaCvd 
in  an  o|)en  chariot.  A  great  train  of  coaches  followed  ; 
and,  as  a  general  oflker's  wife,  a  party  of  guards.  She 
was  carried  to  St.  Alexander's  nionaftery  to  be  buried  ; 
anil  though  the  coffin  lid  was  put  on  as  the  corple  pafled 
the  llreets,  it  was  taken  off  again  when  it  came  into 
the  chapel ;  and  the  fame  ceremony  of  leave  was  taken 
over  again,  except  by  the  hulband,  who  was  carried 
home  in  a  fccond  fainting  tit,  the  moment  the  coffin 
was  uncovered.  The  relt  of  the  ceremony  was  much 
like  the  Roman  Catholics.  When  the  corpfe  was  bu- 
ried, all  the  company  retired  to  the  houl'e,  to  a  grand 
dinner,  which  had  more  an  air  of  rejoicing  than  mourn- 
ing, as  every  boily  leemed  to  have  forgot  their  lorrow  : 
but  the  hufband  was  atfeded  with  too  much  real  forruw 
10  attend." 


SECTION     IV. 

Lanf,ua^r,  IlmilJiv,  Govemmmt,  Modf-  oj 
Ciimuials,  Coiiii,  \Viigl<t\,  Mnifuns,  (3c. 


'    fivvi/liing 


THE  Rufllan  language  derives  its  origin  from  the 
okl  Sclavonic,  but  at  prefent  differs  much  from 
it  i  and,  with  refpcd  to  religious  fubjals,  abounds 
with  Greek  words.  Their  alphabet  confilbs  of  a  cor- 
rupt fort  of  Greek  chara(5ters,  to  the  number  of  ■^S. 
Various  dialers  are  tiled  in  tlie  difTcrent  parts  of  the 
empire,  as  the  Mulcovire,  the  Novogrodian,  the 
Ukraniah,  and  that  of  Archansfl. 

The  arms  of  the  tbvereipns  of  Kuflla  are,  a  I-'icitl  Or, 
with  adifplayed  Eagle  Sable,  bearing  a  Shield  Gules  on 
her  brcaft,  charged  with  aCavalier  Argent,  fighting  with 
a  Dragon  Sinople.  On  and  between  the  heads  of  the 
eajrles  are  the  three  crowns  of  Mofcow,  Cazaii,  and  Al- 
tiichan.  According  toothers,  they  were  Sable,  a  I'or- 
tal  open,  with  two  leaves,  .ind  as  many  Ste[is.  Or.  The 
former  was  taken  by  John  Balilowit/,  anno  1540,  on 
pretence  that  the  RulFian  princes  Rurio,  Sinans,  and 
Truvor,  were  dclccnded  from  the  enipt  AugulUis. 
The  eagle,  however,  fpreails  not  its  win^^s  lil<c  the  impe- 
rial, but  hangs  them  down  -,  and  the  kniglit  fighting 
with  the  dragon  was  added,  in  memory  of  the  total  de- 
No.  63. 


feat  which  the  c/ar  Demetrius  gavr  to  tiie  Tartars   in 

the  Uulicoceian  lickl. 

Tlie  government  of  Ruflla  is  abfolute  defpotil'm.  1  he 
fovcreigns,  if  males,  wtii-  called  e/.ars ;  if  females,  cza- 
ruusi  but  -.  preltnt  the  im|'erial  title  is  alfumed.  I'lic 
people  are  no  lefs  llavis  than  formerly,  but  much  of 
the  power  of  the  nobility  is  '..valiowcd  up  in  the  great 
importance  and  authority  of  the  crown.  The  lovrreign 
appoints  w.;vi  lides,  or  governors  of  provinces ,  an  .1  bellows 
all  offices  of  conlequciue,  wiietlier  ccclefiallical,  civil, 
or  military.  The  c.ar  I'etcr  uitroducrd  the  titles  of 
count  and  prince  ol  the  empire,  and  inlhtuted  an  order 
of  knij;hthood  in  honour  of  St.  Andrew,  the  patron  of 
liullia,  dilUnguifl^ed  by  a  blue  ribbon  and  a  liar. 

Stale  prilonrrs  here  are,  in  general,  privatrly  fcized, 
partially  adjudged,  and  fecrctly  ilil'patchcd,  or  lent  into 
baiiilhir/cnt  to  Siberia,  of  which  the  following  is  a  Angu- 
lar inciiltnt,  as  related  by  a  cliaradlcr  of  eminence, 
who  refided  many  years  in  Ku.Tla.  '•  I  was  not  long  in 
Riga  (liiys  that  perlon)  whrn  I  received  the  following 
inttll!^;ence  from  good  auihoriiy.  One  Dr.  Fondcr- 
hollf,  a  (jcrmaii,  was,  a  k\v  years  before  my  ai  rival, 
phylici.in  to  the  army.  I  le  was  laid  to  be  a  man  of 
karninjj  but  of  no  great  forcfijl.:.  Mappening  to  re- 
ceive an  affront  from  one  of  the  great  men  of  the  court, 
who  was  in  favour  with  the  emprc">,  the  doflor  retorted 
ll-vertly,  mi;!  rendered  him  very  ridiculous.  'I'he 
courtier  had  the  adtlrels  to  get  the  doftor  fent  to  Sibe- 
ria in  the  following  manner.  One  day,  as  the  dodtor 
was  attending  the  field  marflial,  who  was  fick,  a  cao- 
tain  of  the  guards  arrived  with  cxprefTes  from  St.  I'c- 
terfljurg,  and  demanded  imuicdiate  audience.  He  was 
introduced,  and  whifpered  Ibmething  in  the  field  mar- 
Ihal's  ear,  who  dcfired  the  doflor  to  amufe  himfelf  in 
the  great  hall  till  he  had  finiflied  fome  bufinefs  with  the 
officer.  \\  hen  that  was  done,  the  docflor  was  again 
called  upon  ;  and  when  he  hail  given  tlie  ''eKl  marlhal 
his  advice  about  fome  diforder  which  he  at  that  time  la- 
boured under,  aud  was  going  to  retire,  tlie  eount  dc- 
fired him  to  come  to  dinner,  as  he  might  need  his  far- 
tiier  aflirtancc  ;  and,  at  the  lame  time,  invited  the  cap- 
tain of  the  guards  to  dine,  telling  him  he  was  not  able 
to  fit  at  the  table  himlcif;  but  the  vice  governor,  prince 
Dolgoruki,  wl>o  was  prefent,  would  bear  hi.-n  com- 
pany. This  was  agreed  to.  At  dinner  tlie  captain  told 
the  vice-governor,  that  a  relation  of  his,  in  his  wav  to 
the  army,  was  liiddenly  taken  ill,  and  obliged  to  rc-^ 
main  \n  a  houie  diflant  three  or  four  verils  from  the 
city  ;  and  that  therefore  he  defired  him  to  appoint  an 
able  phyfician  to  attend  him,  for  which  he  would  be 
amply  rev.arded.  The  deputy  governor  pointed  to 
Dr.  I<'ondcrhollV,  as  [jhyfician  to  the  army,  and  one  of 
tlie  nbleft  profellbrs  in  Riga  ;  and,  at  the  fame  time, 
politely  defired  the  dodtor  to  vifit  the  officer.  Dr. 
I'onderholft  agreed,  and  was  given  dircdlinns  to  his 
fervants  to  get  his  coach  ready,  when  the  pjince  told 
him  that  that  was  needlefs,  as  his  coach  was  large 
enough  to  carry  them  all  fuch  an  inconCderable  dif- 
tancc.  After  dinner,  when  they  h.id  arrived  at  the 
houfe  were  the  pretended  the  patient  was  fupjiofed  to 
be,  and  had  taken  a  few  glalFcs  of  wine,  tlic  dofloi 
deliretl  to  fee  him,  but  wr.s  anfwered,  that  he  was  a 
ftate  prifoner  by  order  of  the  cabinet ;  and  therefore 
they  ailvifed  him  to  make  no  refillance,  but  get  into  a 
travelling  waggon  ready  at  the  door ;  telling  him,  at 
the  fame  time,  that  if  he  offered  the  leall  refillance,  he 
would  be  bound  fall  with  ropes,  and  might  be  very 
cruelly  treated,  on  the  way,  by  the  loldiers  who  were 
appointed  to  convey  him  to  the  place  of  dtflination. 
Thus  this  man  was  conveyed  to  Siberia,  and  there  lon^; 
immured,  or  kept  in  a  hole  in  the  wall,  with  oniv  i 
fmall  flit  through  which  he  received  his  provifions.  I; 
feems  he  had  I'jmc  money  about  him  wiicn  lie  was  ar 
refled  ;  but  the  captain  took  nothing  from  him  except 
his  fworil.  The  foldiers  on  the  wav,  robbeil  him  oi 
his  watch  ;  but  he  concealed  what  little  money  he  had 
from  them.  Forefeeing  that  his  money  could  not 
maintiiin  him  lon^i,  and  perfuaded  tint  'e  could  not 
8  "M  long 


■r  '!i,! 


fl! 


M'^' 


■rty 


* .',  i '   I 


6>)o        A  KIAV,  ROYA!.  .-y.r.  AUTIlENriC  ^Y.Vl  IvNf  .,i    UNT*  I'.RSAl.  Gl.OClJ  AIM  lY. 

lon-i;  fubfill  upon  the  poor  provifion^  allowtvl  to  luch 
prilontr.s  he  arfeclc-i  to  he  a  f'ji-tiinv  'ellcr,  and  ;ii)- 
priix'J  the  ibklii-rs,  who  kept  j.-uarj  iipc-ri  liim,  of 'liis 
lielign,  olFering  them  tl;e  hjlt"  of  v.hat  he  got  by  liis 
art.  The  foltlieis,  being  ai-qo.iinted  wi:h  iiuny  i.i  the 
fuperllitious  inhabitants,  toiil  the  doftor  every  tliinsi; 
concerning  thrni  before  they  came  to  l.im,  wineh  he 
repeatcil  to  thrm,  whereby  his  fame,  as  a  wife  man, 
fpread  far,  and  he  acquired  the  means  of  fiipport. 
HavinsT  neither  boohs  or  company  to  aniufe  him  in 
this  mllerable  fituation,  lie  [;ot  a  lew  licni,  and  diverted 


Iiimleif  with  feeding  them.  Ik  f;ave  their  eg  as  a 
biacii  colour  i  and  wrote  up  in  them  with  a  pin,  II  it 
Mii^t'.ii.iklick  Do'ilo  t'omh  li.vhi.  I'ngekickhtk  fignilirs 
unforiunrlr.  'I'iiefe  eggs  I'.e  fold  to  the  inhabitants  as 
charms.  They  {-.new  not  tiie  n'.e.iniii;;  of  the  writing, 
'•ut  thouglit  it  rcnderetl  the  qrg ,  mure  valu.ible.  After 
lie  had  been  many  months  thus  comined,  :t  happened 
that  tlie  goviTni.>r's  lady  let  up  in  this  village,  in  her 
^vay  from  Rullia  to  Siberia,  and  wanted  eggs,  among 
other  things,  for  dinner.  '1  iie  holicfs  toid  her  tiiat 
there  was,  in  the  place,  a  priilmer,  a  very  wii'e  man, 
who  fold  extraortiinary  eggs  She  delired  to  f.e  them  j 
and,  as  ihe  underllood  the  German  lang;i.;ge,  w\u  lur- 
pri/cd  to  fee  written  up.'n  tliem  the  name  of  the  very 
phyfician  ivho,  a  fev.  years  before,  lia'.l  recovereti  lu  r  I 
from  a  very  dangerous  fever.  She  went  to  tlic  hole, 
Ipoke  to  the  -Jodtor  ;  then  applieii  to  her  liulbar.d,  ami 
caufed  his  fituatioT  to  be  made  much  tafier;  and,  as 
file  w-is  a  great  Civourite  with  the  F.mprcls,  wrote,  to 
her  Majelly,  and  re[)refented  his  undelerved  mis- 
fortune to  pathetically,  that  the  goveinur  received 
orders  to  liberate  him,  and  feml  iiiiii,  at  i'.er  exp.ence, 
to  \k)kow. 

Tiie  executive  part  of  the  govcrnir.ent  of  RulTla  is 
veiled  in  the  l')veui;!n  couiimI  of  chr.nctrv,  \  kick  is 
cliief:y  compofed  of  the  third  clafs  of  tiie  nubiiiiy,  ami 
divided  into  fix  ilepartmcnis,  in  wnich  are  feparateiy 
1  inkdcrcd,  foreign  alliiirs,  war,  finances,  pu'.  licaC' 
ejunts,  civil  iirocrlles  brniigkt  by  aj  ]/cal,  and  eii'iiinal 
eaull-s  brought  by  ap|K'al. 

The  determination  of  thf  two  lail  meniiijoed,  for- 
merly depended  ujion  tiic  cqoiiy  of  llic  judge.  In 
i6.t7  •*  cod«,  or  body  (;f  l.ivv;;,  w..s  orLlered  to  be 
tomj  iled  by  tf.e  wiiijl  hk  n  in  the  empire,  wliiih  was 
accordingly  done,  in  one  vnhnne  in  li.lio,  iniitled,  Sa- 
brona  Lljl:e::ia,  that  is  to  lay,  Univcrfai  and  (.ieneral 
Rig'it  i  and  by  tkiis  the  jndgrs  v.vre  to  r^^iil.-.re  their 
leii:  ccb.  T'  ere  is  this  gie.it  ^nid  linrolar  aviv.ir.tage 
in  II. e  courts  c,  -ikiicatiire  of  this  country,  tliat  they 
are  neither  e.\penl.  •  ur  tediotis ;  ("or  a  |:ivv-fuic  is  be- 
gun an.l  ilerermin  a  .n  tiie  fpace  of  l\\  or  il^xn  weeks. 
INievtrthelelb  they  a:e  extremely  venal. 

All  ti'.e  pe;'.fai;rs  and  hull  landmen  are  llive;^,  either 
direclly  to  tiie  fovertign,  to  the  b.nMis  or  kird..,  to  mo- 
naileries,  or  to  linne  of  tf.e  geiitry  -,  and  the  greater 
number  any  of  tin-m  iiatli,  .>.-,  brii.Mc  obferved,  the 
richei  he  is  efleen.cvl.  'Ilule  arc  employed  i-.y  (hem 
in  whatevir  wi.rk  cr  buliiiefs  il,cy  think  lit;  and  this 
i-,  one  reakm  v>hy  they  af.'ect  to  appear  n;  jre  thill  and 
M.'itr.iiftable  than  tliey,  perhaps,  naturally  aic;  becauie, 
y  any  of  them  betrays  a  gre.;ter  vivacity  or  drxteritv 
t',,\n  the  rell,  he  ii  fine  to  have  more  buhiiefs  .-.nil  trou- 
ble upcr.  lii:,  han.k,  V.  idi'uit  any  propofiionable  re'.varti 
or  encdurageiner.r.  It  i-,  ufi.al  f:jr  the  f-veriigns  to 
reward  foiue  of  tin-  krvicts  done  to  them  by  a:-,y  n  ibles 
or  oflicer^  vu!i  a  run, her  of  thofe  villager;  f.n.l  as 
there  is  an  accoiiiit  of  tii' ir  iiMiiin-r  in  all  p.rovinces 
in  forty  davs  tv.D  i,r  tlue-:  hundred  thoul.inJ  of  them 
ni.iy  be  railed,  by  luminn.-.ing  each  niafi.r  to  (kriiilli 
llith  a  t]U''t,i. 

In  RuIHa  no  p.erfon  cm  he  convicted  of  a  capital 
I  rime  but  by  coi,fell:'.n.  However,  the  iikjIi  inhuman 
tortures  are  ulcd.  The  ordinary  i<iiiiiihi)tents  are  the 
batoags  and  the  linont  The  former  is  ulid  in  (amilic,-, 
f'.r  the  correction  ot  children  and  flavcs,  and  alio  in 
the  army.  The  perfon  to  undergo  t!ii.,  ;ilirr  puking 
uli'his  clutlies  to  !iii  drawers,  is  la:d  [fit  '.n  hi    lully  on 


.  ^, One   fits  acrofs  hi">  head,   another   upon 

Ins  teet,  each  fiirnifiied  with  a  fwod  iwitch,  with  which 
thev  lijuntlly  tickle  his  back. 

If  a  man  kills  his  wile  or  Ikive,  he  i;  only  whipped 
with  the  knout,  >vhuh  is  thus  peitbrmed.  A  liilty  fel- 
low takes  him  upon  his  back,  anvl  another  ties  his  ftet 
witliaeord,  wh.iih  lomes  tliroiigh  iK-tween  the  legs  of 
the  perfon  who  carries  him.  In  this  pjihire  he  is  held 
f.)  fall  that  he  catinot  llir,  and  bi-ing  lUiiiped  to  the 
middle,  the  e xeeiitiom  r,  with  the  knout,  which  ks  a  tlrap 
of  liried  elk  Ikui,  imtanned,  killened  to  a  tlick,  which  he 
ap[)!ies  to  ti:^  b;rk  !)  i!e:;ter.)i;!lv,  that  every  l.illi  brings- 
the  bio, id,  or  leaves  a  very  thick  wlmle.  'i  his  is  call- 
ed the  modcr.ue  ;  but  when  t'enteneed  to  be  mure  It- 
vere,  the  txecuiioner,  ad\.ineing  three  or  fjur  (leps, 
till  he  is  wiiliin  re.ich  of  ilic  olfender,  gives  the  hift. 
Ilroke  on  ihe  middle  of  the  b.ick,  retre.idng  at  every 
I'troke  ;  and  is  to  expert  that  he  ne\-fr  hits  twice  in 
a  place;  each  llroke  bringing  the  lltlli  with  it.  When 
the  puniilinirnt  is  ordered  in  tlis  extreme,  he  llrikes  tht; 
Hanks,  and  often  cuts  into  tlie  Ixwels,  uliieh  few 
furvive.  It  is  a  f^encral  remark,  that  lean  people  turn 
(iit  after  ilie  knout ;  and  tiiat  it  is  an  infallible  cure  for 
thole  who  are  hide- bound. 

A  l.'.ce  traveller  relates,   ti'.at  he   fiw  three  women 

buried  alive   fiir  ilrowning  thiir  li'.iliia.tds.     They  h.ii.i, 

it  fi-eiiif,  crofl'ed  the    Mo|i.-o   in   a  boar,   all   three  to- 

getlier,  in  learcli  of  their  hufoinds,  whom  they  found 

all  lirunk  in  a  public-houfe,  ami  endeavouring  to  per- 

fuade  them  to  go  home,  were  fevereiy  beaten  by  them. 

1  lowcver,  by  the  alVilianee  of  tome  other  peopde,  they 

got  them  a:  l.ilt  into  the  boar,  where  they  f  li  adeep. 

1  lie   wives  t«)  be  revenged  o:i  the  hui'i...nds  for  beating 

them,  when  the   boat  had  reached  the  middle   of  tlie 

river,   tiirew   tiiem  in   one  alter    an;;th,i  r ;   and,    after 

drowning  tlieO),  came  on  lliore  very  ui'C-.inccined.   The 

matter  iiiiniediately  cjme  to  light.      1  iicy  were  feized, 

tried,  condemned,  and  ouiertil  to  be  put  alive  into  the 

ground  up  I'!  I'lur  lutk',   ami  there  to  rem.iin  till  tiicy 

died.     'I'wo  oi    ihem   iued  ten,   and  thiC  other  eleven 

days.     They  ijjoke  the  Inil  three  d.ivs,    complaining  of 

great  pain,   but   not    aiicr  that.     Tliey    c;  ;t.iinly  mult 

li.ive  got  lome  luilenance  in  ti.e  night  time,  or  they 

could  not  Iiave  cxilled  lij   long.     'J'he  eldell  w.is   not 

above  twenty  y  ars  of  age. 

■]'he  traveller  fill  cited,  !;ives  the  following  account 
of  the  wiiimlieal  manner  in  which  libeikrs  are  puiiiihcd 
in  R'liiia;  "  While  I  reiidcd  at  Moli-ow,  there  was  a 
gentleman  who  thought  lit  to  publilli  a  qiMrto  volu'ne, 
111  vindication  ol  the  liberties  of  the  iubjecf,  groisly 
leflecV'iig  iij^cn  th.e  unliiriiti(l  power  of  the  Czar,  and 
cenluri:i:;  tlie  legilkiture  ot  that  einpiie.  The  ol'Vnder 
V  as  immediately  lei/ed  by  virtue  of  a  w.urant,  lig,:;ed 
by  one  ot  the  ]-rincipal  oilicirs  of  the  ll.:rc.  lie  was 
tried  in  a  fumiuary  way  ;  his  book  detenniiied  to  be  a 
libel;  and  the  audior  condemned  to  eat  his  own  wonls. 
This  feiircnre  was  liter.illy  c.irricd  into  execiitio:i  on 
the  following  tl.iy.  A  fcalToki  was  en  cltd  in  the  moll 
populous  paic  of  the  town;  the  imperial  provolt  was 
tlie  c.secutioin-r  i  :)nd  all  the  magiliraus  attended  at 
the  ceremony.  I'his  book  was  fevered  frcm  tlie  bind- 
ing, the  margins  cut  off,  and  every  leaf  r.jlled  up,  as 
n- ar  as  I  can  recoliedl,  in  tlie  form  ot  a  lotttiv  ticket, 
wlien  it  is  taken  out  of  the  wiieel  at  (i;:ik!i;ai!  by  the 
IjJ'H'coiit  bov.  'ihe  author  of  the  hliel  w.,s  then  lerved 
v.idi  tlieiii  kp  ratdy  by  the  provoll,  wiio  |  ut  them, 
iii'o  Im  mouth,  to  the  n.)  Imall  diveriion  t;l  the  Iptifla- 
tois.  I  he  cliliiiler  hatl  receiveti  ..  ciioplete  numihkil 
belore  hi  be:%.n  to  .hew;  but  he  w.,.,  obliged,  i:i>on 
]'..iii  i.f  the  level  ell  ballin.'.do,  to  iw  Tiw  as  many  ( 1 
the  leaves  as  the  C /ar's  ferjiant-liiigeon  .md  pji^liiian 
ihoiight  iioflible  (or  him  to  ilo  witlioiit  iuiiiuiliate 
ha.Mid  I.f  his  lit'-.  As  loon  as  tl.ry  weie  pk-.ilev!  lo 
determine  ih.u  ir  wouki  be  danriiors  in  |  iM.'ecil,  the 
II  iiiainder  ol  the  f.-nti  1,1  e  w.is  lulj  coded  iiir  that  lime, 
and  leliiiiicd  aj'aiii  ihe  next  d.iy,  .it  die  lame  place  and 
lioiir,  anil  liiuily  lonliiniiable  to  the  t.uoe  <crcfiU'ny. 
I  reii.eiiib,  I    u    v.i,    iliic/e  di'vs    l>',Joii-    this  cxeci.tioij 

wu. 


M 


U'llV. 

,   aiirtthcr  upon 
ttli,  with  which 

i;  onlv  whippfil 
\\.     A  hiRy  tl-l 
liu'v  tirs  his  ftcr 
^'iTii  the  legs  ot 
jihire  he  is  held 

llripped  to  the 
,  whiJi  is  ;i  Dr.'.p 
1  llick,  which  ho 
I'vcry  l.iili  l)rings 
.-.     'i  his  is  c.ill- 

to  be  more  Ic- 
c  or  (.Hir  Ihps, 
V  'lives  the  htft 
Te.'.'inn;  at  t-verv 
er    hits  twice  iii 

with  it.  \\'he!i 
le,  he  llrilccs  the 
vels,     v.iiicli   kw 

IcMn  i  copl"'  turn 
inr.iliible  cure  f'jr 

i-.v  tliree  women 
:iJs.      1  liey  hati, 
jar,  all  three  to- 
.viiom  they  (ouriii 
'.ivouriiia:  to  per- 
'  i)eaten  oy  them, 
tlit-r  peop.le,  they 
•  they  f<  li  aileep. 
•v'.n.is  t"jr  beating 
le  iniJ.ile   o!  fliC 
;thi  r  i   am),    after 
li'Ciiicerned.  The 
[  I'.c  ■  were  Uizeii, 
:  put  alive  liii:)  the 
I')  re;n.iili  till  tiny 
tlic  other  eleven 
-,    CDtiipUiiiin:.';  of 
ey    t; :  l.iinly  nnilt 
(^lit  tiiiu",  or  they 
lie  tidell  was   not 

fiillowing  account 

eller-s  are  jwriiihccl 

l(i\v,   there  was  a 

a  qu:.rto  volii'ne, 

le    lubjed,  grotsly 

ot'  the  Czar,  and 

le.     'I'he  onVinkx 

a  v.,urant,  ligncd 

le   ll  re.     I  le  was 

ctennined  to  be  a 

at  his  own  words. 

i:'.:i)  execuilo.-i   on 

c  clt  d  in  the  moll 

eri.il   provoll   was 

r.i't  s   atteiKicd   at 

\x-d  tn  '.ll  tiie  bind- 

caf  rolled  up,  as 

c.i  a  lotttrv  ticket, 

t  U;:iLil:ai!  by  the 

)el  w.ib  then  Urved 

it,   Viiio   I  III   thi',.i  . 

)ii  i;l  ihe  IpiCta- 

ci  i!'.]i'ete  nuiujikil 

w.i-  i^iiliiud,   iijiun 

lu  i:i  w  as  niariy  ( 1 

.'CHI  .iikI  I'hylician 

w'li'Mir     iinnudi.ile 

■   wiu'  plialed  to 

■>  I'l   j  rvi.eed,    the 

.dcti   i.ii  that  time, 

le  Kiii'.e  place  and 

•  l.ui.i-  ceremony. 

I'll     ihi--   txec:.tioiJ 


i: 


cOl'K.] 


w  R  E  A  T     RUSSIA. 


.91 


w.isovrri  but  !  atten.led  it  co.iriinily,  and  was  con- 
vin.-ed  that  he  h.ul  adtually  Iwallowcd  every  leaf  of  the 
book.  Thus  I  think  he  may  be  very  jullly  laid  to 
have  eat  his  own  words." 

Traitors,  ai-er  having  undergone  a  variity  of  tor- 
tures, are  baiiil'ied  to  Siberia  ;  but  rometimes  not  till 
t!;ev  liave  been  deprived  of  their  eyes  or  ears.  Coiners 
-re  oblifjed  to  fwallow  the  melted  metal  of  the  coin 
wliicli  they  counfcrkiied.  Thole  who  are  hanged  are 
obliged  to  put  the  noole  about  their  own  necks,  and  to 
lliiig  theinlclves  ott  the  ladder-  when  commanded  by 
the  executioner. 

'The  IvlKin  of  ci\  il  laws  in  Ruflla  is  very  imperfe'ft. 
'The  jnelen:  T'mprcl^  h.owever,  has  made  lijme  attempts 
to  reform  tiiem.  The  courts  of  jullice  were,  in  ^;e- 
i.eral,  currujit  ;  tlicfe  by  whom  it  was  adminiHered, 
ienorant :  bu:  t!ie  emprels  has  made  fome  judicious 
regtiLuions,  and  fixed  a  certain  filary  to  the  olhce  of 
judj^e,  which  befirc  depended  nn  the  contributions  of 
the  unhappy  clients  ;  and  thus  the  jioor  were  without 
hr;pe  or  remeily.  'The  ofFice  of  an  executioner  was 
K)rmerly  elleemed  honourahi'- ;  but  it  is  now  Jul  1  in- 
famous; nor  is  the  executioner  permitted  to  fell  his 
ortice;  for  it  mull:  continue  in  his  family;  on  failure 
of  which,  the  brothers  arc  obliged  to  choofe  one  out  of 
their  body. 

'The  coin  of  RulTia,  till  the  reij^n  of  Peter  I.   con- 
filled  chiefly  in  copecks,  or  filver  pence,  except  that 
which  was  brotieht  thither  f^rom  foreign  parts ;  for  iner- 
ch.mts  were  obliged  to  pav  the  government  in  rix-dol- 
lars :  but  after  tiie  lofs  of  the  batde  of  Narva,  that 
monarch  was  li)  rtrai!.i;htened  for  want  of  money,  that 
a.)  exjiedient  was  tried,  of   recalling  all  the  copecks, 
and  coining  new  ones  of  the  fime  weight  and  value, 
though  alloyed  wirii  two  fifths  of  a  biter  met.1l.      This 
induced  the  people  to  ho.ird  up  their  old  money,  in- 
Itead  of  bringing  it  to  the  mint :  upon  which  another 
expedient  was  thought  of,  and  a  new  order  ilfued,  where- 
by 10  per  cent,  was  given,  in  new  money,  to  every  one 
that  llioukl  bring  the  okl :  and  kirner  pieces  were  order- 
ed to  be  coined,  Inch  as  rubles,  h.ilf  and  quarter  rubles, 
and  pieces  often,  live,  anil  three  copecks  value;  on 
which  account,  a  rixdollar,   which,  tluring  the  currency 
of  the  old  coin,  was  valucil  at  but  ; ;  copecks,   being 
now  re-coined,  and  mixed  with   liime   alloy,   made  a 
ruble,  or   100  copecks.     This  greatly  dillrelfed  com 
merce  in  general,  caufcd  the  exch.uige  to  fill  between 
■^o  and  40  per  cent,  and  was  attended  with  other  incon- 
veniences to  the  tlibjec'ts.     But  the  Czar,  who  was  a 
protligious  gainer  by  it,  and  diil  not  want  his  oin  to 
go  out  ot  his  ilominiuiis,  but  to  miiLe  tlie  f neign  ores 
flow  into  them,   was  ilcat  to  every  tl.ing  th.it  was  laid 
againll  it.     At  preli.iir  the  Rulliaiis  have  gold  ducats ; 
rubles;  half  rubles;  (]uarier  rubles ;  griveners,   or    10 
copecks;  copecivi  of  lilver;  live  copecks;  tv\o  copecks; 
and  halt  and  tiuaricr  ditto.     'The  ducat  is  worth  two 
rubles,  and  the  ruble  is,  in  value,  about  4s.  (nl.  (Icrling. 
'Ihc  halt  anil  quarter  rubles  are  exprelfive  ol"  tlicir  own 
value.     A  grivener  is  the  tenth  jjart  of  a  ruble,  and  a 
copeck  is  an  hundreth  part  (if  the  liuiie. 

I'he  Rullian  pound  in  weight,  is  txaiTtly  the  fame  as 
our  pound. 

VVi'.h  refpctl  to  t;-.e  rujuid  meafures,  eight  crulkas 
make  one  vcdro,  one  half  \cdro  one  llackan,  two  Ihick- 
ans  one  anchor,  and  fix.  anchors  one  hog,  which  is  ex- 
actly the  fame  as  an  iMiglilh  lio^'lliead. 

'The  jirincipal  mealure  of  cxtenlion  is  the  verft,  which 
is  ',  :o3  feet  Tiiglilli  ;  and    104  vcrtls  make  a  degree. 
Tiu-  Riillians  reckon  dilUince', 
do  by  miles. 


ly  verlls,  as  the  Tiiglilli 


S  L  C    T  I  O  N'     \'. 

Pc/.nil.il.o)i,  Cii.v.'W,"7cc,  ivul  M. !.!.!>':  ii  11 J  A\u\: I  Annti- 

TML',   RutTian  em]iire,  though  of  liich  an  amazing 
extuit,  is  well  known  to  be  badly  peopled.     '1  he 
bell  writers  inform  us  that  it  contains  between  leveii- 


teen  and  eighteen  millions  of  inhabitants  and  one  mil- 
lion in  the  conquered  provinces ;  but,  according  to 
the  belt  accounts,  the  number  at  prel'ent  is  much  in- 
creafcd.  Almoft  from  the  moment  that  the  prefent 
I'.mprefs  began  to  reign,  flie  has  increafed  the  number 
of  her  fubjccls  by  many  ways,  principally  by  a  general 
and  very  aftive  encouragement  of  all  arts,  of  agricul- 
ture, mining,  manufaiflures,  and  commerce,  and  this 
with  fuch  cllcfl,  that  all  of  them  are  more  llourilhing, 
at  this  time,  by  many  degrees  than  they  were  formerly. 
Another  means  which  llie  has  taken  to  incrcale  her 
people,  has  been  by  ir.viting  foreigners  of  all  denomi- 
nations ;  and  this  flic  has  done  in  a  greater  degree  than 
any  of  her  predecelTors.  Almoft  from  her  accefTion 
to  the  empire,  flie  has  brought  continued  bodies  of 
Germans,  Poles,  and  Greeks  from  Turkey,  to  fet- 
tle in  her  ilominions,  and  thefc  not  few  in  numbers. 
I''rom  the  coafts  of  Germany  lliip  loads ;  but  from 
Poland  and  'Turkey,  whole  towns,  vill.Tge.s  and  dif- 
trifts,  have  left  their  habitations,  and  fettled  in  Ruflia, 
Nor  has  it  been  certain  times,  but  rcgulac  emigra- 
tions, in  conlcquence  cf  her  continued  encourage- 
ment. 

This  encouragement,  which  the  Kmprefs  has  con- 
ttantly  granted,  confifls  in  leveral  very  important  ar- 
ticles. All  the  cxpences  of  the  Journey,  or  voyage, 
from  their  native  country,  are  borne  by  her.  She 
feeds  and  fupports  them  by  the  way.  Upon  their  ar- 
rival at  the  territory  appointed  them  to  cultivate  (which 
has  always  been  part  of  the  crown  landsj  every  family 
has  a  cottage  ereifteil  at  her  expence,  to  which  they 
contribute  labour.  They  then  are  turnillied  with  im- 
pleinents  neceffary  for  cultivation,  and  one  year's  pro- 
vifions  for  the  whole  family.  A  further  advantage 
is  an  exemption  from  all  taxes  during  Hve  years.  All 
which  is  a  fyftem  of  fuch  atlmirable  [lolicy,  and  car- 
ried into  execution  with  fuch  iinuliia!  fjiirit,  even  while 
the  finances  of  the  empire  have  been  much  diftrellcd 
bv  expenfive  wars,  that  there  fccrcely  is  an  inlhmce  in 
hillory  fuperior  to  it.  Nor  can  there  be  a  doubt  but 
that  confulcrable  advantages  muft  arife  from  f'uch  a 
fyftem,  nor  only  in  point  of  population,  but  alio  to  the 
revenues  of  tl.e  empire. 

RulTia,  upon  tl.c  v,!>ole,  is  well  fituated  for  commerce; 
and  her  e>  -irts  are  iron,  hemp,  wood,  hides,  grain,  pot- 
alh,  wax,  cord.ige,  copper,  llax,  furs,  linfccd,  filh, 
leather,  tallow,  materials  tor  flii[)- building,  &c.  The 
imports  are  lugar,  beaver-llxins,  tin,  dye-woods,  fhal- 
loons,  Norwich  thill's,  lead,  cloths,  flannels,  Mancheller 
velvets,  bral's  wire,  I'liirituous  liquors,  filk,  fjiices,  in- 
digo, I'.nglilh  beer,  v;ines,  fruits,  china,  pajier,  &c. 

The  commerce  is  with  I'.nglandj  Holland,  !■' ranee, 
Ciermany,  Poland,  'Turkey,  Fertia,  China,  &c.  Here 
it  is  to  be  oblirved,  that,  as  the  annual  exports  of 
Rufiia  greatly  exceed  the  imports,  the  balance  of  trade 
mull  be  greatly  in  her  favour.  The  foreign  commerce 
of  the  empire,  under  the  prefent  Mmprefs,  is  much 
iiicrral'ed  in  confequence  of  her  conquelts  t'rnm  Sweden, 
and  f'nre  the  ellablilhment  of  her  new  emporium  of 
Peterll'iHg,  whereby  her  naval  intercoiirfe  with  Europe 
is  rendered  much  more  fliort  and  eal'y. 

'The  -evenues  of  the  Ruffian  empire  are  sreat,  con- 
fiilerinp  the  value  of  money ;  which,  in  thel'e  i'orts 
of  dilquifitions,  ought  ever  to  be  confidered,  though 
it  rarely  is  to.  'The  I'.mprels  is,  in  many  articles,  the 
f  )le  merchant  in  her  dominions.  The  \\\wk  trade  by 
land  to  China  is  on  her  account.  'This  is  nor,  indeed, 
eoiiliderable  ;  for  a  caravan  rarely  goes  now.  Rhubarb, 
pot-all. r':,  and  fi'ices,  are  branches  in  whicli  Ihe,  and 
no  botly  elfe,  trades.  Salt  is  an  article  that  brines  her 
in  an  inimenli'  revenue.  \'ery  large  quantities  oi'  the 
beft  hemp  of  L'kraina  are  bought  and  fold  on  her  ac- 
count ;  mucii  iron,  the  fame  ;  and  even  beer  and  brandy 
are  her's.  Bciides  thele  articles  ll;c  has  culloms,  tolls, 
and  a  poll-tax.  Alio  the  crown-lands,  which  are  pro- 
digioullv  extcnlive,  and  added  to  the  general  amount, 
proves  that,  as  the  retiniices  are  large,  the  revenue  muft 
1)0  coiili  lerable. 

Tht 


ir,:! 


!>i,l 


'iJ 


m,. 


liiiiT 


t^J 


A  NEW,  ROYAL  AN  I.  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  oi  LNlVFKSAI.GrOGRAPl  lY, 


I,  !  I   «■ 


Tlie  regular  troops  of  Ruflla,  cxclufivc  of  tlie  Col- 
lacks  and  Tartars,  arc  computed  at  about  ^50,000 
men  :  "  But  fucli  (lays  a  modern  traveller)  is  the  great 
extent  of  tiieir  territories,  and  the  number  of  furtrclll's 
which  tlicy  ha'  I-  to  fupport,  from  Fetcriburgto  the  borders 
of  China,  that  it  takes  mueh  time  before  they  can  bring 
more  than  half  that  number  into  the  field,  to  ici  oiRii- 
fivcly  againft  an  enemy.  The  common  Uullian  foldiers, 
arc  tajight  to  defpifc  life ;  and  by  this  means  tlicy 
are  brought  to  ftand  their  ground,  arJ  keep  ihcir  ranks, 
perhaps,  equal  to  any  troops  in  tlie  world." 

The  Ruifian  marine,  ei''-ubiilhed  by  the  wife  regula- 
tions of  Peter  the  Great,  afterwards  cieclinid;  but  was 
again  rendereil  refpedable  under  tlij;  aufpices  ot"  the 
prefent  Emprefs,  who  invited  to  her  affiilance,  a  num- 
ber of  Britilh  lea  oiiicers  and  artihcers,  by  whole  means 
llic  accomplinied  a  very  im[)or:ant  defign.  The  Riif- 
lians  have  now  a  eonliderable  naval  armament,  con- 
fifting  of  fliips  of  the  lin;-,  frigates,  Hoops  row-gal- 
lics. Sec. 

Many  thoufands  of  tailors  are  kept  in  conllant  [lay, 
and  in  fervice,  either  on  board  the  ihips,  or  in  tlie  dock 
vards.  The  harbour  is  at  Cronlhult,  leven  leagues 
trom  Peterlburg.  It  is  llrongly  defended ;  and  the 
canal,  and  large  bafon,  will  contain  between  5  and  Cod 
fai!  of  fliips.  Upon  ti;e  whole,  Kullia  is  now  a  for- 
midable power,   both  by  fea  and  land. 


HIS  T  OR  Y 


R  U  S  S  I  A. 


WIlT'l  refpecl  to  the  origin  of  the  RutT.ans,  it  ap- 
pears from  the  concurring  tcftimony  of  hillorians, 
that  they  are  delcended  from  the  ancient  Scythians ; 
and  tills  account  is  conlirmeJ  by  tiie  very  import  of 
the  term  Ra/Jia,  which  fignifics  a  wanderer,  as  all  the  Scy- 
thian, or  northern  nations,  were  formerly.  The  annals 
of  Ruflla  cannot  be  deduced,  with  authenticity,  from  a 
I)eriod  more  remote  than  the  ninth  century  ;  though  a 
tradition  prevails,  that  KioF,  or  Kiow,  and  Novogo- 
rod,  were  founded  in  the  year  450.  l-'or  a  number  of 
years,  RuITia  was  under  the  government  of  divers  petty 
loverei^ns  ufually  iHled  dukes,  who  were,  in  general, 
fubieift  to  the  Tartars,  till  they  were  at  length  conquer- 
ed in  tlie  year  1450,  by  John  or  Ivan  Calllowitz,  who 
I'ubdued  fcveral  of  their  territories,  and  annexed  tlicm  to 
the  Ruffian  dominions.  His  grandfoii,  John  Baiilov.itz, 
added  divers  provinces  to  tiie  Rufiian  dominions  in 
1 5 A.I,  at  which  time  the  RufTian  Ibvereigns  aifumed 
the  title  of  Czar.  In  his  reign  the  I'.nglilli  arrived  at 
Arihangel,  and  began  to  trade  with  Kuir.i,  v.iiich,  till 
thc.i,  had  never  been  vifitcd  by  the  fiiii)s  of  aijy  na- 
tion. 

Trom  the  death  of  John  Bafilowitz,  UulTia  was  un- 
der the  governmeiU  of  leveral  fovt-rcigns  in  liinellion, 
of  whom  the  only  memorable  circiimllances  recordeil, 
arc,  thai  they  were,  in  general,  weak  and  cruel  princes, 
.md  that  their  territories  were  rent  by  civil  wars. 

In  the  year  1695  the  Czar,  lo  well  known  in  hillory 
by  the  dilliiiguitliing  title  of  Peter  the  ( Ire.u,  allendcd 
the  throne  of  Rullia.  '  or  a  fummary  det.nl  of  his  tran- 
r.ictioiis,  that  w(juld  exceed  the  limits  to  which  we  are 
under  a  necefiiiy  of  coniining  ourlelves  in  iliis  depart- 
ment of  our  work,  we  mult  refer  the  reader  to  the 
hillories  of  the  n'lrthcrn  nations,  (lome  (;t  wiiich  we  have 
alrcatiy  prelcited,  as  we  intend  to  do  the  rell)  and 
give  only  a  general  ;;. count  of  his  vail  power,  and 
the  i-minent  [litcli  of  renown  to  which  he  lailed  his  do- 
minions. 

Tlie  czar  I'cter  was  t!ic  Um  of  the  czar  Alexis 
Miciiaelowir.'..  He  ni.yi'd  conjunctively  with  John, 
liis  half brotlier,  from  .ui2  till  lOcyj,  when  ':  be- 
1  ojne  fole  lovercii^n  (;1  Uuflla.  l)e;eimiiiing,  tiie  year 
loilowing,  to  Lioiid  a  .ieet,  1  >r  tlie  jjurpole  of  naviga- 
tion and  trai'iC,  he  f;irmed  a  dclign  of  vifiting  tlie 
nuiiri:nc  countries  of  l.uro|e,  to  obtain  the  neceifary 
inlfruilions.  He  alJb  [)ropoled  to  encourage  artj  and 
ilicnies  in  general,  an^i  ii.vite  learned  men,  ami  inge- 
.•iioir  iriiti.'.frs,  to  return  wlih  him  to  Kufiia,  by  otfering 

1 


them  great  rewards.  For  th''  prolVcution  of  this  plr.n, 
Peter  began  his  travels.  1  ic  hiil  vilited  Holland,  then 
England  ;  and,  by  iiilig(nt  and  freqmnt  attendance 
and  obllrvations  in  the  ilockyard  at  Ueptford,  ac- 
tjuired  loch  a  competent  knowledge  of  (hip  building, 
as  enabled  him,  in  procefs  of  time,  to  fubdue  his  ene- 
mies, and  extend  his  conquells.  Through  the  bent  of 
his  genius,  and  the  alliduity  with  which  he  profecuted 
his  plans,  he  role  gradually  through  every  rank  and 
krvicc  both  by  ka  and  land.  'I'he  feveral  defeats  he 
luilained,  and  efj^cially  that  at  Narva,  from  Charles 
/HI.  of  Swcilcn,  (wluc!i  wr  h^vti  recounted  in  our 
hillory  of  tlut  kingdom,)  inl't.id  of  checking,  en- 
larged [lis  ambition,  and  te/Kled  eventually  to  render 
him  conqueror,  through  miiitity  experience  and  tried 
valour. 

Tile  generous  frieiulfnip  he  mnniffP.eii  to  Auguftu.s, 
king  of  Poland,  previoi::.  an.l  liiSileijiient  10  his  being 
dethroned  by  Ciiarles  \I1.  does  him  infinite  honour. 
Nor  does  his  l.ill  marriage  wiih  Catharine,  though  a 
young  Luthianian  woman  of  inrerior  rank,  tarnilh  his 
ciiaradir;  on  tiie  contraiy,  it  evinces  liis  difcernment 
of  mciic  i  f  >r  Ihe  aiccrwards  ap['tared  to  have  pollelTed 
a  foul  capable  of  conceiving  iIk-  lliblinielt  ideas,  and 
execu:in!;_  tlie  moll  important  deligiis. 

'1  lie  dt_U--:  of  the  king  of  Sweden,  at  the  battle  of 
Pultowa,  was  attend>-d  with  a  liiccellion  of  triumphs 
)  tliat  lulded  renown  to  his  reign  ;  but  it  derived  its 
moll  cifulgent  glories  from  his  cultivation  of  com- 
merce, arts,  and  Iciences,  which  tends,  in  the  moll  ex- 
a;:ed  degree  to  aggrandize  a  nation. 

In  the  year  1717,  iie  nude  another  journey  to  Hol- 
land, not  incognito,  as  before,  but  as  a  lovereign  prince, 
and  was  received  with  all  the  honours  due  to  his  rank. 
From  thence  he  vilited  France,  and  made  himlelf  ac- 
quainted witli  every  thing  he  thought  worthy  his  atten- 
tion :  but  his  principal  view  being  to  imjirove  his  owa 
people,  he  engaged  artiiis  in  all  profcflions  in  his  fer- 
vice, and,  bv  tiie  lalaries  and  rewards  he  offered  them, 
prevailed  with  many  ot  them  to  return  with  him  to 
Ruflia.  Before  lie  arrived  at  PcteMburg  he  received 
advice,  that  a  ccnipiracy  had  been  formed  to  dejiofc 
liim,  and  let  Ins  only  Ion,  the  czarowitz,  upon  the 
tlironr  ;    to  v.jiicli  tli.it  prince,   it  is  laid,  was  privy. 

Many  of  the  conipiraiors  were  put  to  death,  on  the 
Czar's  rcmin  :  ai.d  the  czi.rowiiz  tied  to  tlie  court  of 
X'ienna  to  avoid  his  father's  rclentmcnt  j  and,  as  his 
conliiit  was  filler  to  the  then  emprefs  of  Cicrmany,  it 
was  given  out  that  tlie  court  of  Vienna  had  obtained 
hiii  pardon  ;  but  however  that  might  be,  wlien  the 
czirpwitz  returned  to  Jiulfia,  he  was  a[iprchendcd  and 
impriliined  i  and  being  tried  by  a  court  of  oilicers  of 
his  father's  appointing  comlenined  to  die.  'F!ie  fen- 
tence,  indeid.  was  not  cxccutcel,  the  piince  tiying  a 
natural  ileath  in  prifon. 

After  tills  event  Peter  cauled  the  Czarina  Catharine 
to  be  |irocUimed  his  hiccelior,  anil  crowned  ;  and  tli(* 
nc;bility  and  o.'iicers  of  date  took  (he  oaths  of  allegiance 
to  her:  loon  alter  which  he  died  in  the  5  ^d  year  of  his 
age.  L'poii  this,  the  feiiate  proclaimed  the  Czarina  Ca- 
tharine Fmprelsot  ail  the  Kuliias,  and  renewed  their 
oatha  (it  alkgian.e  to  her,  wlio  was  about  ^j  years  of 
age  at  hei'  acuflion. 

'Fhe  Ci'.arina  apj'lied  lierli. If  immediate h'  to  perfect 
what  the  late  C/,ir  had  begun  ,  encouraging  all  .iiti 
and  kicMccs,  and  inviting  leanud  foreigners  and  arti- 
ficers, by  oliering  them  large  revenues,  to  fettle  in  the 
Ru'.lian  dominions  ;  and  obliging  her  lul>icc'ts  to  lend 
their  Ions  and  dependants  abroad,  to  quality  thrml(:lves 
in  every  |(  ience. 


Catharine  liied,  after  a  gl 


the    ;(Ah    year  of  In  r   agt 

Peter,  I'jh  ot'the  czaro>\itz,   to  f  icieeil  Ikt 


nous  reign,  in  i"::;,  111 

h;i-.  il;!',   app<;iiueit    piilice 


Peter  I!. 


at  his  aiceiiion,  was  in  t!ie  1  ath  yiarof  his  age.  In  his 
proclamaiiiin  it  was  tl-.'-wn,  that  he  hati  a  nglit  to  the 
Riiii  an  throne  bv  hereditary  dclcent,  as  well  as  by  the 
appointment  of  the  late  emperor  and  emptels.  I'lic 
niMtlier  ol    the    emiKror    Peter    [1     Wis  i].;    princcis 


IMIV. 

tion  ol'  tliis  pl.-,n, 
til  I  l(.'llai;il,  then 
■qiunt  attcnilance 
at  Ueptfori),  ac- 
of  lliip  builditip, 

liibduc  liis  enc- 
auj}\  the  bent  of 
ch  lie  piolecuted 

every  rjiik  aiul 
Icveral  il«l'eats  lie 
a,  fiom  Charles 
ecoiiiucd  in  our 
f  tliecking,  eii- 
lU'.ially  to  render 
rience  and  tried 

fieil  tu  Aufi!iiftiis, 
lent  to  hi.s  beins 

inhiiiic  honour, 
luriiie,  though  a 
rank,  tarnilh  his 

liis  difcernnient 
to  have  polleired 
niell   ideas,    and 

1,  at  the  battle  of 
llion  ol  triumphs 
lut  it  ilcrivcd  its 
tivation  of  com- 
i,  in  the  moll  ex- 
journey  to  Hol- 
lovereign  prince, 
s  due  to  his  rank, 
made  liiinlclf  ac- 
worthy  his  atten- 
improvc  his  owa 
cfliuns  ill  his  fcr- 
s  he  ofrVred  ihem, 
urn  with  jiim  to 
lijurg  he  received 
formed  to  dcj»fc 
rowitz,  upon  the 
id,  was  privy. 
:  to  death,  on  the 
rd  to  the  court  of 
tnt ;  and,  as  his 
s  of  (.icriiiany,  ic 
ina  had  obtained 
It  be,  when  the 
apprchendcJ  and 
jurt  of  oiiicers  of 
I  die.  The  fcn- 
e  prince  tlying  a 

Czarina  Catharine 
rowned  ;  and  tlie 
)aths  of  ajlc;;iancc 
.'  5;;d  year  of  liis 
I  the  C/arina  Ca- 
ul rent-wed  their 
bout  ;5   years  of 

iiattiv  to  perfect 
oiirjging  all  aiTi 
Ligncrs  and  arti- 
s,  to  lettle  in  the 
luhiccis  to  lend 
[ualily  thrmlclvei 

ign,  in  i~:;,  'u\ 
ipl-fjiiitL-il  ])iinir 
I  IKT.  ]\-terJJ. 
'his  a;.'e.  Ill  his 
id  a  li'^hl  to  the 
as  Well  as  by  the 
eriijiieis.  I'Jic 
^is  d.:  piiiRels 
Chaiiuiiu 


EUROrE.] 


GREAT      RUSSIA. 


6jJ 


Charlotta  Chriilima  Sophia,  of  Bninfwick  Wolfen- 
buttle,  liftei'  to  the  confort  of  tlie  emperor  of  Germany, 
t'harles  V'l.  It  *a»  by  'the  particular  direftibn  of 
Petft  the  Orcat,  thac^lie  late  czarina  appointed  Fetcr 
tolbcceed  her;  for  other  wife  Ihe  would  have  transferred 
ihe' empire  to  one  of  the  princclfes  her  daughters,  of 
«?hoin  Ihe  left  two,  Anna  Fctrowna,  then  19  years  of 
age,  married  to  Charles  Frederick,  duke  of  Hollleiii 
Gotrorp,  and  Llizabeth  Fctrowna,  13  years  of  age, 
unmarried. 

l*rir»ce  IVlenzikof,  who  was  prime  minifter  of  RuRla 
at  rfie  de.uh  ot  the  emprefs,  and  erteemed  the  richeft 
fubji.'dt  in  Europe,  attcm[)red  to  prevail  on  the  young 
Emperor  to  efpoufc  his  elded  daughter ;  at  which  the 
nobility  of  Rulfta  were  fo  incenfed,  that  they  refoived 
on  raining  him,  and  caufcd  him  to  be  brought  to  trial, 
wherein  he  was  charged  with  l)cing  accelfary  to  the 
death  of  the  late  czarowitz,  his  imperial  majefty's  fa- 
ther ;  with  caufing  the  firft  confort  of  Peter  the  Great 
to  be  continued  in  prilbn  ;  with  embez'/ling  the  public 
revenues ;  with  caufing  leveral  great  imn  to  be  de- 
prived of  their  honours  and  ellates ;  and  with  a  bound- 
lefs  ambition,  as  appeared  in  his  dcfi^rn  of  marrying  his 
daughter  to  the  Emperor ;  for  all  which  he  was  il-n- 
tenced  to  be  baniihed  to  Siberia,  and  his  great  eftate 
contilcatcd. 

The  relations  ofth?  young  Emperor  next  proceeded 
to  give  the  lare  czarina,  tiie  Hrit  confort  of  the  em- 
peror Peter  the  (ireat,  her  liberty,  and  reverie  the  fen- 
tcnre  of  her  divorce.  They  al;  >  repealed  a  law  made 
by  Peter  the  Great,  which  lubverted  the  right  of  pri- 
ino^'eniture,  and  the  natur.il  order  or  fuccell'ion  in  the 
imperial  family,  and  the  rcll  of  the  Rulli  in  families  j 
made  void  the  procefs  againft  the  late  czarowitz,  the 
rci_;niiig  Emperor's  father  j  reftored  the  noblemen  who 
had  been  baiiillied  to  Siberia  under  the  adminiltration 
of  prince  Menzikof ;  and  having  concluded  a  [leace 
b;)tli  with  Sweden  and  Denmark,  they  proceeded  to  the 
coronation  of  the  Czar  at  Mulcow,  on  the  yth  of  March, 
1727-8. 

Prince  Dolgoruki,  who  lucceeded  Menzikof  in  the 
poll  of  prime  miniller,  appeared  to  Iwve  no  Icfs  am- 
bition than  his  predeccllor,  contriving  to  get  his  eldell 
daughter  efpoufcd  to  the  reigning  Emperor.  J  le  was 
congratulatetl  thereupon,  and  their  nuptials  appointeil 
to  be  celebrated  ;  but  the  Czar  died  of  the  fmall-pox, 
on  the  29th  of  JaMuiry,  1 -.:■;- ;o,  tliree  days  before 
the  marri.igc  was  to  have  bjcii  liilemnized  ;  whereupon 
the  lenate  and  great  officers  ot  tiie  crown,  caufcd  the 
princefs  Anne,  duchefs  dowager  of  Courland,  to  be 
procl.iimcd  I'.mprcfs.  She  was  the  fecond  dairghtefjOf 
the  late  czar  John,  elder  brother  of  Peter  the  (Jr^t; 
Catharinf,  her  eldell  filler,  having  been  married  to 
Charles,  duke  of  Mecklenburg. 

The  conrt  refrding  at  Molcovv  on  the  death  of  the 
Czar,  prince  Dolgoruki,  and  three  others  were  ap- 
pointed to  attend  the  einprels  Anne,  and  convoy  her  to 
Mofcow.  Thefe  noblemen  arriving  at  Mittau,  the 
capital  of  Courland,  congratulateil  her  on  her  fiic- 
ceflion  J  but  infilled  on  limiting  the  prerogatives  of  the 
crown,  and  veiling  part  of  the  legiilaiive  autliority  in 
the  ftates,  which  flie  confentcd  to,  and  figned  the  capi- 
tulation they  had  provided  fir  her ;  the  principal  arti- 
cles of  which  were,  that  Ihe  Ihould  not 'make  peace  or 
war,  or  raife  taxes,  without  the  concurrence  of  the 
Ihtes ;  and  that  Ihe  fhoulii  not  marry,  appoint  a  fiic- 
cellbr,  or  dir()ole  of  any  confiJerable  office,  without  the 
like  alfent.  But  the  Czarina  appearing  to  have  many 
friends  on  her  arrival  at  Mofcow,  the  articles  flie  had 
llgned  were  cancelled ;  and  both  the  clergy  and  laity 
took  the  oaths  to  her  niajedy  in  as  abi'olute  terms  as 
they  had  done  to  Peter  the  Great,  without  referve  or 
limitation. 

The  ambitious  Dolgoruki,  his  fon,  and  feveral  of 
their  relations  and  fritnds,  were  foon  after  banilbed, 
and  their  eftates  conhfcatcd,  being  principally  Con- 
cerned, it  is  fiipjiofed,  in  putting  limitations  on  the 
prerogative,  as  mentioned  above;  but  the  declaration 
No.  6 :. 


piibilflied  on  this  occafion,  charged  Dolgoruki,  and  his 
fon,  with  Ijehaving  infolently  to  the  Late  Czar  Peter  II. 
endeavouring  to  marry  him  to  Dolgoruki's  daughter, 
and  embezzling  the  public  treafure. 

The  emprefs  Anne  died  in  October,  1740,  having 
nominated  for  her  fucccflbr  prince  John,  an  infant,  fa 
months  old.  Ion  of  Anthony  Ulrick,  duke  of  Brunf*. 
wick  Wolfenbuttlc,  and  of  Anne  his  wife;  daughter  of 
Charles,  duke  of  Mecklenburg,  and  of  the  princefs 
Catharine,  cidcft  daughter  of  the  late  czar  John.  Dur- 
ing the  minority  of  the  infant  Emperor,  Ihe  appointed 
her  favourite,  count  Biron,  duke  of  Courland,  to  be 
regent:  but  the  mother  of  the  young  Emperor,  the 
princefs  Anne  of  Mecklenburg,  deeming  herfelf  much 
better  enritled  to  the  regency,'  and  even  to-  the  throne 
itfelf,  as  her  fon  could  have  no  right  to  the  RufTian 
throne  but  by  her,  the  ordered  count  Munich  to  take 
the  duke  of  Courland  prifoner,  and  caufing  him  tobe 
tried  for  high-treafon,  he  w.is  condemned  to  die ;  bnt 
his  fentence  was  afterwards  changed  to  banilhraent  into 
Siberia. 

Through  fome  difguft  or  other,  the  princefs  Anne  of 
Mecklenburg,  caufcd  count  Munich  to  be  removed 
from  all  his  ports  a  circumftance  that  tended  eventually 
to  her  own  ruin.  While  tlie  foldi cry  were  under  his 
command,  (he  had  not  mtich  to  fear  fr»m.  them  ;  "^ut 
he  was  no  foontr  difplaced,  than  they  began  to  cabal 
in  favour  of  the  princefs  Elizabeth; 'the  you.ngeft 
daughter  of  Peter  the  Great,  by  his  laft.  confort,  the  ctn- 
prels  Catharine i  and  on  the  5th  of  Detxmber,  174 1, 
all  the  avenues  to  the  palace,  and  the  chief  ports  in  *he 
city,  were  feized  by  the  guards,  who,  with  the  friends 
of  the  princefs,  alTembling  in  the  palace,  proclaimed 
her  Emprefs  of  RulTia.  The  late  regent,  and  her  con- 
fort, the  duke  of  Brunfwick,  and  their  infant  fon,  were 
made  pritbners,  as  were  alio  counts  Munich  and  Ofter- 
man,  the  chancellor.  The  Dolgorukis,  the  duke  of 
Courland,  and  other  rtate  prifoners,  were  recalled  from 
Siberia,  and  their  fentence  revoked.  In  the  mean  time, 
counts  Ofterman,  Munich,  and  feveral  more,  that  were 
not  thought  well  afftfted  to  tlte  prefent  government, 
were  tried  for  high  rrealon,  and  condemned  to  die ;  but 
when  they  had  been  brought  to  the  Ibaffold,  and  pre- 
pared tor  the  execution,  it  was  declared,  that  the  reign- 
ing Emprefs  had  changed  their  fentence  into  that  of 
banilliment. 

The  emprefs  Elizabeth,  having  waged  a  fuccefiful 
war  with  Sweden,  and  thereby  greatly  enhanced  her 
power,  replaced  the  national  order  of  fuccefTion  to  the 
throne  of  RulTia  in  her  own  family,  by  adopting  the 
duke  of  Holftein  Gottorp,  declaring  him  to  be'  her 
heir,  and  giving  him  the  title  of  grand  duke  of  Ruflia. 
He  was  married  to  the  princefs  Catharina  Alexowna, 
the  daughter  of  Chrirtian  Augullus,  prince  of  Anhalt- 
Zerbft,  who  bore  him  a  fon  that  was  chriftened  by  the 
narre  of  Peter,  and  afterwards  became  the  unfortunate 
Peter  III. 

The  reign  of  this  Emprefs  may,  in  divers  inrtances, 
be  faid  to  have  been  truly  glorious.  She  obtained  a 
complete  viftory  over  the  Swedes  j  and  fuch  was  her 
importance  in  the  political  fcale  of  Europe,  that  the 
court  of  (ireat  Britain  deemed  it  expedient,  in  17:1.7,  to 
court  her  alliance  at  the  expence  of  a  very  confiderablc 
fublidy.  A  treaty  was  accordingly  entered  into,  and 
articles  fignetl  by  the  plenipotentiaries  of  the  rcfpeflivc 
monarclis.  She  was  iruiuccd,  from  f>otitical,  as  well  as 
private  reafons,  to  efpiife  the  caufe  of  die  houfe  of 
Aullria  ag.iinll  the  king  of  Pruflla,  in  I  756  ;  and,  not- 
withftanding  the  fuptrior  talents  that  monarch  dif- 
played,  both  in  the  cabinet  and  field,  her  conqiiefls 
were  of  fuch  importance,  as  threatened  the  deftruftien 
of  the  Prullian  power,  which,  however,  was. prevented 
by  her  critical  death,  which  happened  on  January  5, 
17(^2.  _ 

Elizabeth  was  lucceeded  by  Peter  III.  grand  prince 

of  Rullia,  ami  duke  of  Holftein  Gottorp.     Hr  pofl'efTed 

the  warmell   attachment  to  the  king  of  Pruflia,  from 

his  political  .ind  perfonal  chara^'ler;  and  feeraed  to  have 

8  N  adopted 


iiii  ; 


VM 


'  M 


M  lit 


*^i   !> 


.1! 


iujj^        A  NEW,  ROYAL  A-;n  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  of  LN:\TK=^AI.  GROGKAl'l  IY. 


adopted  his  principles  and  praaicts,  as  the  governing  I 
maxims  of  hh  own  contiiid.  From  theic  inotivts.  l.e 
is  luppolui  to  have  introduced  lonie  peculiarities  and 
innovations  into  the  empire,  whicli  were  cxtremtly 
dii'^'urting  to  his  Ibbieth.  However  that  may  be, 
a  confinracy  was  formed  at^ainll  him,  wiiich  was 
carried  on  in  i'v.di  a  manner,  that  this  un(ortiina;e 
prince  kr.ew  hut  a  Ib.ort  interval  hetween  the  Ill's  in  his 
crown  and  his  de.uli,  whit h  happened  in  Ji;ly,  iy6>. 
He  was  riK\eei!<d  hy  his  coiilnrc  Cathaiine  the  II. 
the  tirll  remarkable  otewrrcnre  in  wh'.ile  reiLMi  was  the 
death  of  prince  Ivan,  Ion  ol  the  [iiincti;  <vt  Med.iiii- 
burg,  who  fell  a  victim  to  an  ill  coneertcd  conlpira.v, 
formed  by  a  party  to  railc  him  to  the  in.jiejial  throric, 
to  which,  it  is  univerlally  admitted,  he  had  no  leg.i' 
pretence. 

■flu-  tranfaJlicnj  nnd  event  of  tlrC  war  between  Ruf- 
fia  and  the  Ottoman  Porte,  which  commenced  in 
17(18,  and  ternnnated  in  1774,  are  well  kno^vn  liom 
.liillorical  record.  \Ve  have  recounted  tl;e  particulars 
of  the  fame  in  our  hiftory  of  Turkey,  i:i  the  full  di- 
vilion  of  our  work,  under  the  article  of  Afu,  tor  whi^h 
the  reader  is  referred  to  page  loCh  The  part  the  l.'.m- 
.  prefs  took  in  the  dilmemberment  r. f  Poland,  will  be 
ihewn  in  our  iilliory  of  that  kingdom. 

It  will  be  neceli'ary  M  relate,  tliat  a  fiiort  time  be- 
fore tiie  conclulion  of  the  war  with  the  Tiiri<s,  a  rebel- 
lion bmke  ot:t  in  RulTi.'.,  which  j.;re;ir!y  alaimcd  the 
court  of  Petenlrjrp,  a  pretender  appe.tri::'^  in  tiie  per- 
f  jn  of  a  Coflac,  cailctl  Pugatlcheit ;  and  alliiminjj  the 
name  and  chara;"ter  of  tlie  late  unturtunate    tmiierjr 


Peter  in.  by  his  a'vlity  a'J.  ad, Irel'.,-  drew  after  him 
iuim'.-rous  ii, '.lowers,  wiucli  invrc.itld  to  fiioii  a  d^'grce, 
that  they  lf)od  fevtrral  eng:i_;cments  -with.atile  Uuijua 
nenerals,  anil  conuiiitted  gre.it  r.ivai^es  in-  t!ie  cuuntrv. 
I'hey  were  at  lengrli,  however,,  totally  defcate^l  j.aiKl 
the  pretender  bein>»  taken  pril<)ner,  was  ct iwduAed  to 
Mol'cow,  in  an  iron  cai^e,  and  there  biheadedj  J.inuary 

In  i'lllice  to  the  prekirt  Emprcfs,  it  mu!]  be  ac- 
kMowicJ,;e.i,  that  .(lie  hi-,  fiilr  1  tiie- tlw.ine  wi'th.dif- 
tinf<iii.l,eLl  lullie.  iijje  li.;s  (ir,i:r.o:ed.  t'. unce,  extinded 
C)umuri.e,  anil  intro.luced  ui.uiy"  fai'itary  reliirnwiions 
ill  the  iiueiior  [loiice  oi  h.r  iiupire,  than  wlucli  iMihij)' 
can  more  eli'ccfually  tend  to  a<!;',randi/.e  heill-lf,  as 
well  as  l.er  liib)e,;t>.'  We  ll;all  only  add,,  that  riiie 
tranf.iclion  of  her  rei)'"  particularly  reil.iunds  to  her 
honour;  thi.s  is  the  ctlaiiiilniKeiit  of  an  aniuil  ciutrali- 
ty,  lor  the  ]Moteclion  oi  the  commerce  of  the  nations 
not  a:  war,  Ircm  any  attack'',  or  inlults  from  belligerent 
powers.  Mils  armed  I'.eutrality  was  aceieeltd  to  in 
i;o.\  by  tiie  l.;r.[;s  ol  Swvden  and  Deiiiiiaik,  and  by 
the  Stato  (itiur.il. 

'i"lie  llaiiuiof  war  are  ap^.\\n  bi;rlt  out  befvcen  Ruflia 
i  and  tlie  Porte,  and  tlie  emperor  of  tierniany  has  inter- 
poled  ill  favour  of  the  firmer.  1  ime  alune  candevide 
llie  event.  I  lowever,  our  reader,,  may  be  afi'ured,  th.ic 
wlu  ever  tranf.fVions  may  o.  cur  from  the  c>;mmence- 
uient  I  f  the  lame  to  the  clofe  of  thi)  wcik,  ihall  be 
miiiiitely  and  faithfully  irileitcd  by  way  of  lir,![i!ement, 
as  we  have  already  aniioiiuced  wi:h  relpect  to  events 
i;i  ;!(:ne:al. 


C     II     A     P 


VII. 


o 


A 


N 


D. 


.   1    • 

'is 

-! 

'.!<■ 
i 

.   :.!H    f 


S  E  C  T  1  O  N       I. 

.  Oi.^in  rf  the  A'amr,  f.xiint,  S.l:ulinii,  Bcani'ards,  Ci- 
inate.  Soil,  ProdiUlioni,  Kiixu,  Cs". . 

IT  is  the  rrcneral  opinion  that  Poland  takes  its 
name  from  J'vin,  a  ScUvonian  word,  li^nifvi.v; 
a  Ciiuiitry  lit  for  hunting,  on  account  of  its  [  la;iib, 
woo  Is,  wild  be.ift--,  and  evuy  kind  of  gair.e. 

lief)ie  the  e^'.'.raordiiiary  pani;i',n  of  ihii  country, 
the  kingdom  of  Poland  was  very  confiderable,  c.\t(.nd- 
ing  about  700  miles  in  length,  and  6;-...^  in  breaddi ;  tlie 
lituation  being  between  4'i  and  ;7  tieg.  north  lar.  aii.l 

.  16  and  ",4  deg.  eall  long,  and  the  bouinlaries,  I..ivv:ni.:, 
part  of  Kullia,  and  the  Baltic  Sea,  to  the  north  j  another 
jiart  of  Ruir.a  10  the  eall ;  Hungary,  Turkey,  ar.d 
Little  Tartarv,  to  tl;e  fouth ;  and  Oen!:any  to  the  welt. 
I'rom  its  liuiation,  the  clim.tte  of  this  country  is  r.i- 
ther  temperate,  and  th.-  sir  not  cxcelTive  end  -,  yet 
fjmitimes  the  la;;es  ar.d  rivers  are  I  )  frozen,  tiiat  car- 
riages pals  over  them  ft  r  live  or  fix  months  together. 

,  Tiic  foil  alio  is  generally  firtile,  lit  f'r  tillage  and  paf- 
ture,  and  piroclu<  es  a  vafl  tjuantiiy  of  ceirn  and  c.iti'e, 

,  even  enough  to  li'i'ply  the  populous  naiion  of  Holland, 
who  yearly  ftn.l  vail  fleets  to  Dant7ick,  to  buy  t'le 
corn  and  oxen  lent  down  tliidar  from  tlie  Icveral 
parts  of  l^;lun  I,     It  alio  produces  h  ney,  w..x,  hem,  , 

.  f.ax,  kai'ier,  pot-alV  s,  fair,  v.o)l,  fih-petre,  viuiol, 
and  i]M,ckfilvtr.  Wirli  tliefe  |.,ij.-lc  Cf.'inmoJid.s  tlie 
inhabitants  | 'irchale  tli';!i;  of  odier  nations,   as  wiins, 

.  cloths,  jhiH',  wrouglit  I,:,,,  tapellry,  lev.rl^,  lubk'-, 
martens,  tin,  Ikil,  ii(,n  ware,  l.(.i;-.,ly,  a:;d  I'pice.v. 

'1'hi.s  cpuntiy   l>rod'.:crs  alio   all  kinds  (,f  fVui'-   and 

I.etbs,   afi.l  a  .^ood  brie. I  ol  hoi!es.     There  are  vines 

in  many  i-l.ices  tlie  grapes  of  whi.di  are  gr.itelul  t ;  t!ie 

t.aflc,  efpeciilly  if  the  liimmeraiid  harvell  lie  faviiurallci 

.  but  the  wine  is  generally  very  il;ar|i  whm  drawn  oil. 

.    in  .the  mountains  tlure  are  miiiC;  of  U  ad,  liiver,  tipi  er. 


aiul  iron  ;  b'.t  the  nofl.  ccnfider.-'.hie  of  all  I'.rc  the  fait- 
mines  in  Ixiia-  j'ei.-.r.d,  whi.h  are  the  chief  riches  of 
tlic  country,  and  bring  m->ll  money  inf.)  tl:e  exchequer. 
They  work  in  thole  u.i.'ies  as  colliers  do  in  ot;r  coal-pits. 
TIic  fait  is  generally  of  a  blueilh  colour,  but  lome  of 
it  is  wi'.iie  and  ti.mlpaient.  They  have  aifo  fume  veins 
(jf  lal-genuiKc.  'ihe  v  e-ixi.,  are  well  Itoicd  wilIi  hares, 
rabbit:,,  f -.iiirrels,  d^er,  to:,es,  bears,  wolves,  an.l  boars. 
Tlie  Maf.vi.iii  foreils  hive  plenty  of  elks,  wild  alles, 
wild  OX; n,  called  i:;.,  ar.d  bullaloes,  whole  I'clli,  when 
kih.d,  the  Poles  elUein  a  great  dainty.  In  the  Ukraine 
(fctie  are  wild  horles  alio,  wi.ole  llelli  is  equally  elleem- 
(  \.  The  wolf',  reremhlinj  a  harr,  or  the  i'.uropean 
Iviix,  c.illed  !.•/•:'>  CO  I  tn  :',■.*,  and  by  the  natives  >v\,  with 
fpots  on  its  belly  and  leg-,  adord-s  the  bell  furs  in  Po- 
laiul.  Tlie  iju.iils  in  Pcdolia  have  git  en  leg';.  It  is 
laid  their  litili  is  unwhoiefon.e,  and,  it  immoderately 
e.ueii,  can  es  t!;e  cr.unp. 

IVI.-.nd  i-.  a  I  kiiii  I'.at  c-:i:.'.-ry,  ratlier  inclining  to 
iiLUih  laiieh,  I)  that  n.)  eoii;ideiable  woods  or  inoun- 
tii.isare  found  here,  exee|)t  thofc  that  for:j:i  tiie' frontier 
ti  liuyg'.ry,  wiiieli  is  a  cra^_:,y  ri-igy  of  ,;co  miles  in 
Lrgth,  ar..l  .-..ilcd  th.j  Ciap.ii.li, or  Carjiadiian  iHoiin- 
tiiiis,  ■]  he  eal'ern  ]  art  of  the  country,  indeed,  is  f.:ll 
of  wouds,  t'orelL,  lak.'s,  niarlhes,  and  rivers,  wliii.:i 
al:i)rd  '\  ikli^lufiil  prulj  tct  vj  that  part  of  it  whieh  is 
o,  <'ri.  • 

Tiie  ir'.Il  fonfiderabij  rivers  are  tlie  \  iunl.i,  tiie 
Nieniiii  ir  Croniis,_  the  Ni'.jer  or  Lorifthenes,  the 
i's'ieftir  or  '[yias,  anil  the  B.  g  or  N'eg'.is;  and  the  only 
l.ii.e  vvotliy  'if  oblU'vaiiou  i,  liie  gre„t  lake  Ciop'to,  or 
ihe  W  l:;:e  Lake,  which,  it  isulliimed,  will  dye  thole 
will)  l),;li(  i  1  it  ol  a  f'.vutl.v  coi:ipu:i  jii. 

One  01  die-  moit  f  i,;-,..;,ir  proienLious  of  Poland  is 
111  ii.ii.i,  of.wlfr.li  it  m.i\  let  be  iiiipro|  er  lure  to  give 
an  a  eount.  .Vfcoreing  to. natural  iiiiloiians  it  is  a 
kiiul  ol  g.i:ii>,   v.hieh  liows  fpuntane.ii.lly  truin   feveral 


Ions  ol  !• 


id  iiitrw.udi  coi  gi  a!';  into 


^iLU'.es  111 
the 


buiit  r.ionallei 


>1IY. 

,rew  ittcr  blm 

ii-iU>le  Ruiluii 
!■  tlic  co'.mtrv. 
ilcil.ue-l  i.ai>,l 

\  C'ltRlUttca  ID 

aJcvlj  J.iiiuary 

It  luuij  Ix"  ac- 
ir.tnc  wklLilif- 
kiiCo,  exci ndul 
ly  rtluniwiiorib 
I  »v!u»  I)  n  >(t>ii\u; 
lize   luilrlt,    as 
adJ,   tlut  pi\e 
■d.iiiivis  lo  lier 
ariniil  ntutiMli- 
ot'  the  nations 
from  belligerent 
acteeeltil   to   in 
.ninaik,  and  by 

t  b'.  t'.cen  Rudia 
iir.any  lus  inter- 
alone  an  de^idt; 
be  allured,  that 
the  c.;minfni.e- 
\vi>iL,  lliall  1h- 
y  of  I'lijipienient, 
\:\\'XCt  to  events 


EUROl'i:.] 


1'    O    L    A    N    I). 


6()s 


of  a!i  ;-.rc  the  falt^ 
ic  chiet  rlclies  ol 
to  the  cjieheqiier. 

I'.o  ia  iiu-,-  toal-pits. 
)ur,  but  lonie  of 
e  alio  fume  veins 
lloicd  v.'\:h  iiarcs, 

.volves,  and  boars, 
f  elks,  vsild  alfcs, 
wh^HC  ficlli,  when 

,  In  the  Ukraine 
is  eciiially  elletni- 
or  the  I'.iiropeati 
e  natives  )v^,  widi 
,e  bell  ftirs  in  I'o- 
len  legs.  It  is 
It  iuuuoJeratcly 

■adier  inclining  to 

|e  woods  or  niuun- 

foi  -n  tiie  frontier 

•  of   ;'  o  niiks  in 

.arj.adii.Ji   Hionn- 

I'ltry,  indeed,  is  (i:ll 
and   riveri,  wlm-li 

■  [.art  of  11  \shieh  is 

;':ie   \  iftiila,  ilie 

|r    UorlftheneE,   the 

;',is ;  and  the  only 

t  Like  lio[to,  ir 

|ied,   wlil  dye  liiole 

i  in. 

|U'".;s  of  I'oland  is 

I  lT  Ik  re  to  (!,ive 

i.iiloiiauii  it  IS  a 

l.a.lly  troin  feveral 

|al'.  into  {^luiucs  in 

.        ■  '      the 


the  form  of  an  i  [Tentlal  fa'c.  I:  not  only  proceed;  from 
the  alli  and  miickcn-trce,  but  alf)  from  the  larix,  pine, 
fir,  oak,  i',inii>tr,  miple,  olive,  fig-trcf ,  &c.  It  Hows 
in  July  and  Aoguli,  from  ab.<iit  the  nervous  (ibres  of 
the  leaves,  whii.h,  br.u'J,  dried  in  the  air,  concrete  in- 
to whitiih  praini  of  the  fi.'.e  of  wheat;  infoiniieli,  th,it, 
in  Anj'_ul>,  the  greater  leaves  of  the  alli-tree  1  lok  white, 
as  if  tliey  were  covered  with  fnow.  However,  ic  is 
very  fearce,  on  account  of  the  tlilliculty  of  i^idiering 
it.  'J  he  virtues  of  manna  arc  well  known,  ic  being  a 
mild  laxative  purge,  and  tii'-in^ht  to  uiifolve  giofs  hu- 
mours, and  libite  their  acrimony  ;  whence  i:  is  gooil 
in  tacaniis  an  1  com^!k,,  proceeding  fro;:!  an  acrid 
plikgm.     I:  i>  alfo  g  lod  in  dif  jrdera  oftlu-  biealland 


lun,_ 

ia  the  ; 

of  the  bcliv. 


when   111! 
knirif\',   i:;l 

tlwUl 


d  witii  ciaiiimy  hum 
Limmatioii  of  die  In;. 
a  thick  hot  bile. 


a:i 


It  is  ufcv 
tenlion 


S  1.  C  T   I  O   N     II. 


D,p 


cofi 


„■  r,.„ 


Pi 


pj!  Plica 


IN  treating  of  thi>;  cniintry,  co;ind>.'rtd  I'l  its  utnull  ex- 
tent, prior  to  it>  ilifmeinbeimenr,  we  ;;iail  divide  it 
into  the  twelve  following  proviiices  and  artend  to  eacii 
in  line  order.  [Jiefe  are  I'ol.'.n.i,  pri:[:erly  1j  called  ; 
I'olidi  Prudia,  Lithuania,  S.':r..:gitia,  (.  oi;il.uid,  W.ir- 
fovia,  Poki' h'.i,  I'olefia,  Red  Rului,  Podjiia,  V'cl- 
liinia,  an.l  Lfl^rania.  Moll  of  thef;  provinces  are  di- 
vided into  dillrlits  called  palatinates  -,  and  the  latur  are 
again  fubdivided  into  Itarollies,  or  bailiwicks. 

l'oL.\\L\  pr()[)erly  fo  talkd,  is  divkied  in  Upptr,  or 
Little  Poland;  an  1  Lower,  or  Great  Pulasid. 

LI|)|ier,  or  Lit. le' Poland,  Cvintains  m.;;w  woods,  but 
is  fertile  i:!  fjine  pl.ices,  aiid  in  gener.il  w.-H  wacere.l. 
'I'here  is  but  one  mountain  in  Little  Poian.l,  called 
M''iis  Calvus,  (V  Bald  Mounl.iin. 

Idtile  Poland  is  liividcd  into  tiie  pnlttin;itcs  of  Cr.i- 
cow,  Sendomir,  and  I  •.blin.  I'iiel'e  three  p.d.itinates 
form  together  the  diocelc  of  Cracow,  whicli  contains 
101 S  churches,  includini;  1 1  which  are  collegiate. 

Cracow,  tlie  meuojiols  of    tlic    pal,idn..te   uf  th.it 
name,    and  of  the  kiiigdo-n  of  Pol.ind,  is  li.atcd  o:i  a 
roeky  bank  of  the  river  Villula,  aUiut  the  middle  of 
the   palatinate.     It  is  very   p"pulous  and  the  lar;;eil 
.ind  befl  h  lit  of  any  town  in  P  dand,  tiie  h:,uxi  being 
of  free-llone,    f.ur  or   five  liories  ki'^h,  and  covered 
with  boards  in  the  form  o(  tiles.     Tiie  public  buildings 
are  m.igniricenti  among  which  are  tiie  cadiedral  of  St. 
Sranilluis  ;  th.e  church  of  St.  Mary,  in  the  grand  pl.icc, 
fiirrounde.i  wi:h  four  rows  of  very  tine  buildings ;  with 
50  otiicr  churches  J  and    17  religion,;  Irnifes  in  the  C.il- 
tie,   city   ar.d   fub'.irbs;  togetlier  widi  t;ie  noble,   welL 
built  inonalleriis  ol  the  Jcluid  and  no'iiinicans.      I'lie 
only   remaining  places  of  wurlliip,  din'ering  liom  the 
Hate,  are  two  Cjreek  ciuiiches,  .ind  a  Jtuiili  fynagogue. 
Tiiere  is  an  iiniverlity  here  whicli  ce.ntains    1  i  c.)i!eges, 
where  all  kinds  of  fciences  are  tau.-.ht.     Tliis  univcili- 
tv  was  begun  by  Cafimir  th.e  Cjreat,   fmifiied  by  Ul.i- 
tlillaus  Jagello,  and   had    its   piivileges  c  Jiiiiruied    by 
l'0|ie  Urban.     Though  the  caurc  generally   relides  at 
Warlaw,    as  being  more  in  the   heart  of  tiie  kingiiom, 
Cr.icow  is  a  noble,  large,  popiilous  city,  lull  of  gentry 
and  clergy,  and  honoured  with  the  lellion  of  the  fu- 
preme   court   of  i'ldicature,  the    keeping   ul   the   rayal 
rnfignsor  re^};llia,  and  the  plaoc  ol  the  ki.ig's  corona- 
tion.    The  king's  apartments  are  adorned  widi  very 
curious  p.iintings  and  fiatues.     Wiihiu  the  callle  llands 
the  cathetlr.il,  where  the  kings  of  Pi  land  are  crowned 
and  interred.     Here  likewili;  the  relics  of  St.  Stanif- 
laiis,  the  ancient  biilvip  and  patron  of  the  nation,  are 
eaieiully  kept,  and  highly  venerated. 

Near  this  city  are  lome  iiduiii,il.>le  file  mine-,  which 
were  difcove;ed  in  154S.  Tiiey  prjdice  a  gicac  aii- 
nu.d  revenue  to  the  crown;  and  tlie  propiietors  are 
llkewil'e  obliged  to  make  a  yearly  prellnt  to  every  cicy 
ill  Poland       I'he  I'ak  is  of  tour  kinds  ;  and  on  one  li  le 


of  tiie  mines  inns  a  llieam  of  brackidi  water,  as  a  fine 
frelli  one  iloes  on  the  other  fide. 

The  other  towns  ol  i.iis  palatinate  arc  Zator,  SIv'eria, 
Biecz,  Sandrecz,  Ixlow,  C.;entochow,  Slacovia,  and 
Wlifca.  In  fume  of  thefe  are  mines  of  lilver  and  lead  ; 
in  others  collegiate  churches  and  monalleries. 

Czentochosv,  on  the  river  Warta,  near  the  confines 
of  Silclia,  in  particular,  is  cclebratevi  for  remarkable 
good  beer.  VVithouc  tlie  walls  then'  is  a  monallery  of 
hermits,  where  a  pielurc  of  the  \'irgin  Mary  is  depofic- 
ed,  and  whicli  tiiole  hermits  affirm  to  have  been  paint- 
ed by  St.  Luke  liimfelf.  This  hath  drawn  a  great 
concourfe  of  pilgrims  hither,  who  have  made  rich  pre- 
lents  to  tlie  hermits  ;  yet  thefe  treafures  are  not  lodged 
in  the  monallery,  but  in  a  fmall  fortrels. 

Tlie  fenators  of  this  palatinate  are  the  biiltop,  p.ala- 
tine,  and  callcllan  of  Cracow,  with  four  other  inferior 
callellans. 

i'lie  i!;rifdiflion  of  this  palatine  is  very  large,  and  ex- 
tt  nds  leveral  ways,  not  only  over  the  ciji^en ;  and  coun- 
trymen, but  alio  the  nobility  and  gentry.  The  pr.Ttor, 
or  mayor  of  Cracow,  is  named  oy  the  king ;  but  the 
eaflle  is  principally  under  the  command  of  the  pala- 
tine, wht)  has  ten  tleputiev,  or  buigraves,  by  whom, 
in  times  of  peace  and  war,  a  \\nct  guard  is  kept,  both 
night  and  day ;  a;;d  tiiey  mull  always  be  ciiofen  out  of 
tlie  gentry. 

The  palatinate  of  Send'i.mir,  or  Saidomir,  abounds 
with  mines  of  g  >id,  lilver,  copper,  iron,  lead,  llcel, 
at\\  marble  ;   and  has  its  name  from  its  capital. 

Sendomir  is   pleafant,    a;id    defended   by  a  Idrong 

callle  on  the  foutli  liJe  of  the  town,  o;i  a  iteep  rock, 

befides  walls  and  outworks  built  by  Caf.mir  the  Great, 

who  dietl  here  of  a  furfeit   by  eating  too  much  fruit, 

whicli,  about  this  fpot,  is  reckoned  the  beft  in  Poland. 

I'he   molt  remarkable  llrucbiies  in  the  town  are  the 

D.iininican    m  inaflery,    a  collegiate    church   which   is 

very  rich,  a  fchool  where  the  Jefuits  teach,    and  other 

religious  iv.nifes.     The  chief  cjurt  of  judicature  for  the 

palatinate  is  kept  here.     The  inhabitants  are   reckoned 

very  polite.     Here  arc  two  chtirches,  much  frequented 

by  pilgrims,  both  which  lland  in  the  midll  of  a  forcfh 

I'lie  towns  are  Cunow,  Schydlowicc/,  Viaklen,  Op- 

tatuw,  U.idoni,  llz;!,  Solecia,   Uozentiri,   K.ielc-.4,  Cnen- 

cia,  Uacow,   Laginia,  Corzin,  and  X'i.dcci.     All  that 

can  be  laid  worthy  of  mention  concerning  thefe  feveral 

places  is,    that  they  produce  the  relpeclive  articles  of 

timber,  iron,  lleel,  earthenware,   lilh,  &c.  which  tend 

to  t''.,'  advantage  of  the  inhabitants. 

The  palaunaie  of  Ljiblin  contains  many  noblemen 
and  gentlcmens  feats.  It  is  governed  by  four  principal 
perf):is,  the  palatine,  the  callellan,  and  two  fenators. 
The  city  of  Lublin,  from  whence  the  pakuinaf.  re- 
ceives its  name,  is  a  linall  town,  but  has  xcry  great 
trade,  and  is  particularly  cekbrated  for  four  great  an- 
nual fairs  or  marts,  which  continue  a  month  e ich,  and 
aie  relbrted  to  by  merchants  from  many  parrs,  both  of 
I-'.urope  and  Alia  It  is  a  bilhopric,  lutlragan  to  the 
archbilliop  of  Cracow.  The  Jews  lynago;^ue  licre  is  the 
finefl  in  the  whole  kingdom;  and  the  city  befides  con- 
tains feveral  churches,  convents,  a  college,  and  the 
(liieftribun.d  fiir  Little  Poland.  It  is  a  healthy  place, 
tliough  furrounded  bv  niorafles,  which  are,  indeed.  Its 
cliief  defence;  thorgh  Calimir  the  (ircat  walled  ir, 
and  furrounded  it  with  a  ditch.  It  hath  likewifc  the  le- 
cuiity  of  a  cit.idel,  wliich  communicates  to  the  town  by 
a  briclL'e. 

C.limir  is  built  of  timber  ,imong  the  rocks  near  the 
Weillel.  It  is  a  large  <  ity,  v.dtli  a  beautiful  p.ilace, 
and  extenfive  gardens,  belonging  to  the  archbilliop  of 
(inefa.  Thi.  is  the  town  where  Charles  Xll.  king  of 
Sweden,  caufed  general  Patkul  to  be  broke  alive  upon 
the  wheel. 


otiier  towns  in  this  palatinate,  but 


Idiere  are  three 
ol  no  note. 

Lowi  R  or  CiRFAT  Poland  ;  though  f)  called,  is  n- 
tlier  liiialler  than  l.ililc  Pohnul ;  for  it  did  not  receive 
its  appellation  of  Grcdl  from  its  extent,  but  from  hav- 

iug 


St.  I ; 


'i'tl 


A  NTAV, ROYAL  Asr  AtTlU'.NTlC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVERSAL GKOGUAPHY. 


M  '' 


«(,6 

ing  been  fiift  fcttln!  into  a  kingdom  by  I.tcfno  I'r 
(,r«it,  the  original  fiiiinv'.er  of  the  l^olilh  monarchy,  h 
is,  in  general,  a  level  rhanipaign  country  ;  has  pleaf.int 
rivers,  lakes,  ponds ;  and  is  well  furniflied  with  all 
manner  of  fill,  and  fowl.  Its  hills  abound  with  llicep 
and  cattle,  and  its  vallies  with  corn. 

The  palatinate  of  Pofnania  is  fituated  to  the  caft- 
ward  of  Silifia  and  Brandenburg. 

The  fcnators  of  this  palatin.i;c  are  tlie  archbidiop  of 
Gnefna;  the  hifhop,  palntine,  and  callellan  of  I'lA- 
nania ;  ami  fix  oti>cr  caflellans.  Tlicre  are  fevn.il 
other  oRicers  in  this  palatinate,  both  civil  and  military. 
The  Starortas,  or  governors  of  citits,  have  fonie  ol 
them  jurilliiflion,  others  none,  as  i:  is  likcwife  all  over 
the  kingdom.  Some  of  its  towns  are  w:\llcd  ;  but  the 
houfcs,  in  general,  are  of  timber,  except  ilie  public 
edifices,  which  are  of  Hone  or  brick. 

Poi'nania,  the  capital,  is  thought  to  be  inferior  lo  no 
city  of  I'oland,  except  Cracow.  It  i;  the  lee  of  a  bi- 
Ihop,  fufiVagan  of  (inefna ;  and  it  is  defended  by  a 
good  ciftle,  a  double  wall,  and  a  dee])  ditch.  It  is 
famed  for  its  traile,  well  built,  and  lias  a  cathedr.d. 
The  billiop's  palace,  and  an  univerfity,  are  in  its  fu- 
burb.s,  encompalTed  by  a  morafa  and  a  deep  lake,  but 
incommoded  Ibmetiiius  by  the  overtlowings  of  the 
river.  There  is  a  tine  college  and  monallerv  in  the 
city,  in  the  former  of  which  tliey  have  n)any  I'cliolars. 
The  inii.ibitants  make  as  hanJIbna-  a  figure  in  their 
koufcs  .ind  drefs  as  any  in  Poland  :  and  their  Staroila, 
or  chief  m.igiftr.ite,  who  is  chofen  aiuitialiy  out  of  the 
Kcheviils,  or  aldermen,  is  dlgr.itied  with  tlie  tittle  of 
general  of  CSreat  Poland.  Mod  of  thrm  are  Papitls; 
but  here  are  many  Jews,  who  have  greater  privileges 
dun  tiie  citizens.  The  public  buildings  are  generally 
of  free- Hone,  of  which  the  moll  coniiderable  is  the 
c.ilUe.  There  are  three  fanious  fairs  kt^'t  in  this  city, 
mucii  rclorted  to  by  the  Gen  an  tr.iders.  In  St.  Mag- 
dalen's, which  is  tiic  princip.U  church  of  the  city,  is 
lliewn  the  tomb  of  the  duke  MicceP.aus,  who  intro- 
duced Cliriftianity  into  Polaml.  Mere  are  feveral 
Other  churches,  befides  monalleries.  The  Itreets 
are  fpacious,  and  the  town-houfe  a  |)icce  of  fine  ar- 
chitedure. 

Befides  the  capit.il,  the  only  place  of  note  in  this 
palatinate  is  Fravenftadt,  which  is  remarkable  for  the 
vidory  obtained  near  it  over  the  Saxons  by  the 
Swedes,  which  proved  f)  fatal  to  kin"  Auguftu-., 
that  it  permitted  Charles  XII.  to  enter  .Saxony,  and 
Itf:  Poiind  and  Lithuania  to  the  mercy  of  th.it  ccn- 
qutroi*. 

The  palatinate  of  Kalifch  hatii  I've  fenators  viz.  the 
palatine,  tlic  callclLin  of  Kalifch,  Ijnd,  Naklo,  and 
Kamin. 

Kalifch,  tlie  city  from  whence  t!ie  pal.uinate  hath  its 
name,  lies  among  marflies,  and  i;  fortified  only  with  a 
brick  wall,  and  low  towers.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  a 
llrong  cadle,  whidi  was  tlrflroyed  by  the  Tuetonic 
knights.  It  h.is  a  magnil'.c.int  college  of  Jefuits,  and 
Ibmc  religious  houlls.  It  was  t.%ken  hy  the  Swedes 
djring  the  wars  of  tl;c  l.afl  century.  The  Saxon's  and 
Poles  defi-Mted  the  Swedes  near  this  place,  in  Qclober 
1706,  jutl  as  a  trc.ity  had  been  figntd,  wliTre  king 
AuguRus  renounced  the  crown  to  king  St.inilla'js,  his 
electorate  of  I^axony  being  then  over-ruti  by  tiic 
Swedes,  and  no  othLT  way  left  to  relieve  ir. 

Gnelna,  or,  as  the  Germans  term  it,  G:.ikn,  is  now 
deemed  tiie  capital  of  Great  i'uianJ,  and  was  formerly 
the  metropolis  of  the  whole  kin^jdom,  and  the  refidence 
of  the  king.  It  was  built,  as  is  generally  reported,  by 
king  Ijtchus,  I.  founder  of  the  nionircliy,  and  called 
Gnefna,  from  anuigle's  nclt  found  tliere,  whicli,  in  the 
Polilh  Linguage,  is  called  ( lenefiad.  The  kings  of 
Poland  v.ere  crowned,  and  the  regalia  kept  here,  till 
t  ;20,  when  they  were  removed  to  Cracow.  It  fjliered 
very  muc  li  by  aiheadful  lire  in  na  t,  and  has  bceii  de- 
clining ever  fince  ;  fo  ttiat  it  i-,  ntiw  only  confiderable 
:ur  being  the  lee  of  an  arclibifliop,  who  is  primate  of 
i',l  I'olind,  leg.iteof  the  Holy  See,  and,  in  cdi-  of  the 


king's  death,  regent  till  a  new  king  be  chofen,  whcm 
alio  he  claims  the  right  of  declaring  and  crowning.  He 
can  reverie  all  proceedings  in  any  of  the  bifliops 
courts ;  and  it  is  death  to  draw  a  hvord  in  his  prtfence. 
A  golden  crofs  is  carried  before  him  when  he  goes  to 
the  diet,  or  to  the  king  ;  and  when  he  lits,  his  chaplain 
holds  it  behind  his  chair.  His  marfli.il,  who  is  a  Icna- 
tor,  carries  a  ftall'  before  his  coach,  and  filutes  none 
with  it  but  the  king.  He  vilits  no  ambafliidors,  though 
tiiey  vifit  him.  During  the  inttrregnum,  he  may  coin 
money  in  his  own  name;  tlie  ru'enuesof  ihe  crown 
then  beloni'int^  to  him,  and  he  having  the  fime  officers 
with  the  l.'n;':  but  at  all  limes  he  his  dn:ms  beating, 
and  trumpet;.  l()undii)g,  wiiliin  ani|  without,  bi^forc  he 
fits  dow'i  to  table  ;  and  he  may  vifit  tl;e  king  when  he 
pleafes.     'I'he  canons  mnif  all' be  of  ii'^ble  birth. 

There  is  lodged  in  th.e  cathedral  a  great  treafure  of 
gold,  lilver,  and  curious  enamelled  vtfitls,  becjueathed 
to  it  by  Sigiiiiuind  111.  and  liime  other  kings.  The 
toHib  of  one  of  the  archbilliops  is  calcd  with  filver, 
and  tlje  j'illars  are  of  Corinthian  braf>^. 

The  palatinate  of  Siradia  is  fituatctl  to  the  north  and 
Ibuth  of  the  Warta,  and  contains 

Siradia,  the  cajital  town,  which  is  fmall,  but  popu- 
lous, and  has  a  calile  to  defentl  it. 

Wielun,  which  is  the  feat  of  the  Starofta,  caftellan, 
and  ]irovincial  diet.     And 

Petricow,  a  tolerable  well-built  ne.it  town,  about  So 
miies  from  Cracow.  One  of  tiie  great  tribunals  of  the 
kingdfim,  for  determining  dillerenccs  among  the  no- 
bility, and  appeals  from  inferior  court?,  fits  in  this 
town  i  as  does  alio  a  provincial  court,  anti  the  fynod  of 
the  clergy. 

The  palatinate  of  I^ncici„  hath  five  fenators,  viz. 
the  palatine  and  callell.in  of  Lcncicia,  and  three  other 
caflellans. 

The  principal  town,  called  I.encicia.  has  a  great  an- 
nual lair,  aiid  is  the   fear  of  one  of  the  litde  diets. 

Piontkiini  is  celebrated  for  a  fine  monaftery,  and 
good  beer. 

The  pnlntinne  of  K.iva  lies  caft  from  that  of  Len- 
eicia,  and  hath  four  fenators,  viz.  the  caftcllans  of 
Sochaezcw,  (iollinin,  and  Ravp,  and  the  palatine  of 
Rava. 

Kav.i,  the  capit.il,  is  fituated  in  the  midft:  of  a  plain, 
built  of  wood,  tolerably  populous,  and  defended  by  a 
calile. 

Loiiitz  is  u  fmall  nea-  town,  hith  a  caftie  furroundeJ 
by  the  river,  is  adornei!  with  a  llately  church,  and  the 
palace  of  the  archbifiiop  of  Gnefna. 

Volhora  is  a  populous  tou n,  where  the  bifliop  of  Cii- 
javia  has  a  noble  palace. 

The  palatinate  of  Brczellry  is  fertile,  and  fends  five 
members  to  the  diet. 

In  the  fuburbs  of  Crcl\vick  ftands  the  church  of  Sr. 
Peter,  built  with  free-floue,  together  witli  a  college  of 
24.  canons. 

Ul.ulill.iw  is  a  palatinate,  the  capital  city  of  which, 
of  the  fame  name,  is  the  fee  of  a  bifliop.  The  cathe- 
dral is  an  ancient  Gothic  llrufture,  but  rich  in  plate, 
orn.aments,  and  relics ;  and  encompafietl  with  tlie 
houles  of  the  canons  and  prebendaries,  and  a  large 
frtc  llhnol.  The  chief  ornament  of  the  place  is  the 
bilho()'s  llately  [lalace.  '1  hough  the  .adjacent  liiil  i, 
marHiy,  and  fo  I'carce  of  fiiel,  that  the  inhabitants  liii 
fer  very  much  l')r  want  of  i:,  yet  it  is  fruitful  in  corn, 
and  fends  great  qu.intities  to  llaiif/iik. 

The  palatinate  of  Inowlocz,  or  Inowkuliflaw,  is  di 
vidcd  into  three  territories,    and  lends  four  callellans  fj 
the  diet,  befides  tlie  j.alatine. 

The  chief  town  of  the  liimc  name,  is  fmall,  but  df 
fended  by  a  flrong  (.illle. 

liyd-'oll  is  noted  t'nr  a  pre.nt  trade  in  falmon. 

Dobri.'i  .bounds  widi  triiit  and  filh  of  all  forts;  an.: 
was  fnriiurly  the  occalion  of  many  quarrels  between 
the  Tuetonic  knights,   PrufTa  antl  Poland. 

PI(ie/ko,  or  Plo/kow,   isdivid.d   into  lourdiflrifl' 
Plolkow,   it' chief  town,  has  been  a  biihop's,  fee  a  Ion,', 

time. 


I'UROl'F. 

time,  1 ,  ver 
ed  by  a  ( ,il! 
and  monalli 
JJenedi.liue 
lie.;,  they  k 
Ihrinc,  jhm 

P<>i.i»ii 
by  the  ajij)( 
beloiigiii;;  t 
it  from  I)t;( 
l^raiKknbur; 
td  into  a  kf 
lore,  is  into 
as  his  lale  I 
Poland,  ft  j/t 
cities  (il  1X11 
Jn  /'(„'///,  y 
I'm  Ilia.' 

I'olllll    I'll 

from  I'oI.Kiil 
peipetual  all 
inli,i!)!t;i.:us 
(  .ilini.r  l\'.  1 
hill  Pniili.ifh 

oi     rni.md,    t 

the   king  iho 

till  111,  hoiii  d 

ttrs  relative  t 

louns  of  this 

formerly  wry 

ill''  ifiuihe 

nuf.>hi).)iirho() 

open  ;    but  ih 

lakes,  u;ui  woi 

lidi  ;  and  the  ' 

wax,  honey, 

into  foiii-  p.d.i 

burg,  aid  V\';i 

Ihe  inhabit 

characterize  1 

uhich  may  be 

Dantzick  th 

the 
Maiirtibiir; 
i'.ll)ing 

i  he  I'alat 
it.   o'.ui.      It 

ludgC.;     lu.S 

f(>llou;n^r  pi  , 

I  he  ci:v  o 
f'f  the  p.dat, 
1^  (i;u  Hi  d  on 
Ti^c  iiiiuii 
cd  their  nial 
firoteetion  ot 
Ihewn  a  jifi', 
likely  ton\al 

i  he  citv  ol 
r:i:  r;e^  oi;  .1  \ ,; 
not  only  a 5  t 
I'ut  asone  oft 
fore,  J.(,ndon 
to  e.viel,   ill   (I 
in  luir<  nc. 

i  ids  cit\-  n 
icrntd  bv  ihn 
City;  the  ,'\lri 
or  the  Inipcto 
lobioid  ih;ii  ( 
I'  rtilications  .1. 
by  tuo  hills,  (. 

iltl'f.  A    l-„;| 

rail)'  co\ercd  u 
the  rivers  Mot 
imlis.       One, 
Hvenrr,  hciiiK 
.No.  (■ 


'HY. 

cliofen,    whom 

crowning.  He 
:)(  the  bifliops 
1  in  his  prelence. 
when  he  goes  tu 
fits,  his  chaplain 
il,  who  is  a  t'cna- 
anJ.  Tilutcs  none 
jaflatlorf,  thoiiph 
IM11,  he  may  coin 
ics  of  the  crown 

the-  tiitne  officers 
IS  ilri:iiis  beating, 
itluiut,  before  he 
tl-.e  king  when  he 
ob!e  birth. 

great  treafure  of 
rilVls,  bequeathcii 
ther  isings.     The 

calcd  with  filver, 

1  to  tlie  north  and 

fmall,  but  popu- 

Starofta,  caftellan, 

at  town,  abont  80 
eat  tribunals  ot  the 
cb  amopjT  the  no- 
:ourt.s  fits  in  this 
,  and  the  fynod  of 

five  fcnators,  viz. 
a,  and  three  other 

icia.  his  a  great  an- 

the  little  diets. 

ine  tnonaftery,  and 

from  that  of  Lcn- 
;.  the  caftcllans  of 
and  tlie  palatine  of 

he  midft  of  a  plain, 
and  defended  by  a 

a  caftle  fiirroundeJ 
fly  church,  and  the 
.a. 
re  the  bifliop  of  Cii- 

tilc,  and  fends  five 

Is  the  church  of  St. 
er  witli  a  college  of 

apltal  city  of  which, 
jifliop.  The  cathe- 
but  rii-h  in  plate, 
ompafied  wich  tlic 
iidaries,  and  a  lar>:e 
of  the  place  is  tin- 
the  adjacent  fwil  ii 
the  inhabitants  lut 
it  is  fruitful  in  corn, 
ick. 

Inowladiflaw,  is  di 
■nds  four  cillellans  fi 

If,  is  fmall,  but  df 

le  in  falmon. 
filli  of  all  forts  ;  ana 
nv   quarrels   between 
Poland. 

d  into  four  diHrift'-. 
abiil.op's,  kc  alonft 
tiiiii.-. 


F.UROPF.J 

time,  is  vcrv  pojiulous,  h.is  a  gi.oJ  trade,  and  i.  d Jitid- 
fd  by  a  lallie.  It  has  a  caihidial,  with  other  lihiiclies 
and  nionalkrics,  \\\ll  endowed,  efpeciilly  that  ct'  the 
Jkncdi:lints,  in  the  I'ulnnhs  wheie,  amor,;'  dtlur  re- 
lic:!, tlicv  kci  p  the  head  ot  St.  SiL'ifiiKind  in  a  golden 
Ihrine,  |';iveii  1))  kin|;  ^ij.',ifiuiind  III. 

I'lHii.!!  l'Kt>si\  liatli  been  utually  parliculaii/.td 
by  ihe  appellai  ion  of  Uovil  I'uitlii,  on  account  of  its 
bi  K>!if',i:i;;  to  till- crriv.  n  ol  I'ol.md,  and  t)  liilliii^iiilh 
it  from  Di'.ial  I'ruliia,  which  belonj.!,Ld  to  ihe  l.onlc  of 
Hrancknburt; ;  bit  hath,  tor  Ionic  time  pall  b -encrcl- 
cd  into  a  kinsidoiu.  The  modern  ilidiiutio.i,  ihere- 
lore,  i.s  into  /'«//>''  Pyiijjui,  and  the ////(;..•' r;  -t  /'iii///,i ; 
as  his  late  I'nilliaii  iiiajelh',  in  the  ililiiiemlH  rinent  of 
Poland,  fii/.td  upon  ;he  opulent,  comiv.ercial,  and  tine 
cities  ol  l)aii:/.iik,  Thoin,  and  I'lbiiiL',  whicnareall 
in  J'  .',■'('  P),ih,..,  but  a:iiK.\cd  10  lIu'  domiiii<.ii:;  of 
IVuilia. 

Polilh  I'liiiha  was  toriiuil}  a  dillin  t  politi'al  il  He 
from  Poland  irfclt,  and  no  taiilur  t  oni'ei;icd  than  bv  a 
pei|ieiual  aliiaiice.  In  the  year  1  f»i(i,  however,  tiie 
inhabitimts  put  thenilVlves  uiuK  r  the  [irote^iioii  of 
C'.ilimir  l\.  when  it  was  expielsly  llipulaied,  that  Po- 
lilli  Prullia  (liould  have  nothinjr  to  do  w  ith  the  kin.;doiii 
ol'  Poi.uid,  thoiij^h  it  I'ad  wi'.ii  Us  iovcie!|^n;  ami  that 
the  kin<4-  Ihojld  peifonally,  and  alone,  com;-  among 
thim,  lioiil  diets,  give  orders,  a"d  diterniine  all  mat- 
[i  rs  relative  to  I'olilh  Pruiiia.  Some  of  ihe  i  itus  and 
to^vn^  of  this  proMiire,  anil  |>.ir:icLilarly  Dant.'.ick,  had 
lurireily  very  peculiai  piivih'ges. 

i  he  foiiihein  parts  of  this  divili-.m,  excepting  in  the 
ncij^libiHuhood  of  Daiit/.ick,  arc  barren,  but  level  and 
0[ien  ;  but  theotiier  parts  arc  over  run  with  niounrains, 
lakts,  and  uiK)ds.  I'he  lakes  \  leld  plenty  ot  excellent 
liili  ;  and  the  woods  atinrd  w  ild  boars,  ro^'-bucks,  game, 
uax,  honey,  and  timber.  Thispro\ince  isdniJetl 
iiuo  four  palatiiv'.tes,  viz.  I'omereliia  Culm,  .Mirieii- 
burg,  ai-.d  V\'armia. 

Ihe  inhabitants  cfPnliih  PrulTia  have  adifiich  which 
chara^tenze  li.x  ot  iheir  prim  ipal  cities  and  towns,  aiul 
wliicii  may  be  tlius  tranllated, 

r\in:z:ck  the  rich.  Culm  the  delightful,  and  Phiczko 

the  long  ; 
Marienburg  tlic  handfomc,  Thorn  the  devout,  and 
I'.llimg  the  Itroiig. 

'I  lie  P.ilatinaie  of  Ponicreiliahad  forincrU' princes  of 
it>  own.  It  has  n,)u  a  |rilitiiu-,  and  four  provincial 
ludgci;  lies  in  the  dioceie  ol' C'ujovia,  and  coniams  the 
follow  ing  pi  ices. 

Ihecuyof  Danrzick,  which  is  not  only  t!x- cipital 
of  the  palatinate,  but  the  metropolis  of  Polilli  I'lullla, 
is  lii'.iitid  on  a  branch  of  the  river  Vifhila. 

'I  i'.e  inhabitants  of  Daiu/ick  have  fre.jumtly  c!\ing- 
ed  tluir  mailers,  and  ha\  e  liiiiiHtimcs  been  iind  r  the 
fjiiitection  of  the  {''ngliili  and  Dutch  ;  but  they  ha-. e 
ihewn  a  grearcr  attatiimeiu  to  l\  l.,nd,  as  being  lefi 
likely  tori\al  rhrm  in  tieir  trade. 

'ihe  eiiv  ol  l.'ant/ick  is  large,  i-opulous  and  rich, 
rairies  oil  a  vail  tradi-,  and  hath  long  been  conlidered 
not  only  a>  the  chief  mart  and  maga/ine  of  I'oland, 
but  as  (!ne  of  the  greatelf  granaries  in  the  world  ;  there- 
loie,  London  ai.d  Aii;lfeidam  exiepttd,  it  is  reputed 
to  CM  el,  in  opulence  and  commeice,   any    other  city 

lit    I'lIK  tic. 

'i'liis  c;i)  ii  ilividiil  iiKo  tl-,ne  pairs,  whii  h  are  go- 
\erncii  by  tl-rieddlii'.vt  luiators,  \i/.  \'oorlladt,  or  lore 
t:i!V;  the  AltHailt.  or  O.ii  City  ;  and  the  Reehti  It.ul', 
c^r  the  !•  nipcior's  City  ;  a'l  rncoiiip;tirevl  with  high  walls, 
lobiotd  that  coache-;  catib  go  round  upon  them.  'Ihe 
ti  rtilications  .ue  ol  \afl  extent  ;  but  being  commanded 
bv  nu)  lulls,  on  the  fouih-well,  they  cannot  11. in  I  a 
lici'e.  ,'\  i-nal  goes  through  the  city,  which  is  gene- 
r,i!!\  covered  uiih  men  ham  Ihips.  It  is  wateied  be 
the  river-;  Motlaw  and  Rodauii,  on  which  an'  I'evci.l 
ii'ilN.  One,  on  the  Kodauii,  yiehU  the  Hate  .1  ;T.at 
jeventT,  belieiis  what  il  brings  the  jnoprietors.  'J  he 
.No.  (•4. 


1'     0     I.     A     N     I). 


6</7 


hoiifes  are  parti;  flono,  and  partly  biick,  and  f.'cnerally 
lix  or  I'eveii  Hones  high.  The  public  buildiniis  are 
very  fair.  .St,  Mary's  church  is  a  (latelv  fabric, with  4.S 
alteis,  37:2  windows,  and  a  front,  iiad,  at  .Aiuwerp, 
that  coll  5000I.  Mere  is  a  m.ignificent  town  l.oal'e 
with  a  \erv  lofty  fpire.  'I'lie  arfeiial,  and  e\i  haiige, 
the  lljiiare  of  St.  Dominic,  and  the  college,  are  noble 
llru.tures.  Thc.e  are  ;o  paiilhes  in  the  city  and  fii- 
buibs;  three  magazines,  well  furnilheil  \v  th;muiuini- 
t, on  and  other  lljres ;  and  many  gran  ir'cs  of  fjven  and 
nine  Ifories  high,  with  fuinels  to  let  tlie  corn  do.'.  11 
lioiii  one  to  the  other,  which  liivcs  a  great  .leal  of  la- 
bour and  charge.  'I'hcy  are  civ.ompalled  with  water, 
(')  that  lliips  lie  clofe  to  them  to  take  in  the  r  la.id'iig; 
and  no  iioufes  ae  fuffered  to  be  ivar  iheiii  fir  ieir  of 
lire.  The  chief  export  of  this  pla^e  is  in  corn  br  t'ghc 
from  other  parts,  of  whuh  aa  increiiible  (iiaiitity  is 
(hipped  from  hence  every  yeir.  The  c.tr/.eis  liav,  the 
fole  [irivilege  of  biiving  up  tfe  cor:',  as  ftxin  ..s  i:  enters 
tile  harbour.  Tiie  nr.igiltra'e-,  let  a  jiri'e  up  '.1  it;  but 
tiir.t  the  coimtiy  p,e(>i;le,  who  are  thj  fellers,  may  not 
be  impofed  upon,  and  dchi}ed,  the  citizens  are  o!diged 
to  buy  up  tite  whole  tpiantity  wriich  the  boats  bing 
in,  let  it  be  what  it  will.  I'lioiigi  th.s  city  laks  olf  a 
great  iiuantit;-  of  the  w();)lljii  in  iiiulaetures  of  Circat 
iiritain,  yet  the  Dutcii,  fending  fo  man,  ihips  for  corn 
to  Dant/.ick,  which  mull  go  em,  ty  aua\  d  they  have 
no!;oo  !s  to  carry,  ami  the  Ireig'u  cotting  them  n  itlimg, 
they  hiive  the  chief  tnde  of  cojrie.  D.ui:ziek  is  the 
<hief  market  to  which  t lie  Dutch,  and  alfo  the  Scots, 
(^\\<\  their  pickled  licrrin;.;:;,  which  area  iiinlf  prolit- 
able  nierch.indize  in  Polaiid.  'l"he  Datch  fend  |uiiipcr 
fpirirs  hithrr,  together  with  fait,  fulphur  whale-lins, 
and  train-oil.  Heliiles  corn,  of  which  there  is  not  fuch 
a  quantity  exported  any  where  as  here,  the  Dantzickers 
export  pot-alh'.'s,  lUirgeon,  Polilh  linen,  fail-cloth,  and 
great  ijuantities  of  fpruce  canvas,  which  is  ufcd  lor  f'.i.ls 
tor  fmall  fhijiping  in  I'.ngland,  and  in  Spain  and  Italv. 
Tiie  Dutch  fetch  great  quantities  of  I'olilli  iheeijs' 
wool  from  hence,  which  is  the  bell  in  all  tlie  northera 
world,  the  Knglilli  and  Irilh  only  exc^'pted,  and  which 
they  employ  in  their  cloth  ir.aiiufacturc.  The  French 
alii)  bring  fome  of  it  away.  The  Pol iili  wool  is  ex- 
p.irted  like  A  ife  to  Germany  and  Sweden.  'I'he  Dant- 
zickers  have  a  wine  of  that  fort  the}-  call  Tokay,  but 
it  is  no  other  than  the  i'oliili  winco  of  the  mountains 
of  Cracow  andPololia:  a:id  thei-  import  great  quan- 
tities of  I  hdlaiids  gin,  which  is  i.etth  drank  in  Poland. 
Some  of  t!ie  bell  oaken  plaitk.  for  building  lliips,  i; 
brought  from  thi^  city.  'I  In.'  Pi.t.-h  cargoes,  beddes 
thofe  already  men:ioned,  generally  conlill  of  EnL;!ilh 
woollen  inamiliichircs,  the  I'ugtrs  of  the  l-'nglilh  colo- 
nies, American  tobaccoes,  with  French  lilks,  wines, 
and  brandy.  One  halfolt'c  port  ciitloms  belonging 
to  the  king  c\  l\)land  lince  tlie  reign  ol  Sit;ifnuiiid 
.■\ugullus,  till  lis  late  Prulhaii  majelly  convcrtid  ;ill  of 
them  to  his  own  (luol.miertt.  The  harbnir  of  Dant/.ick 
is  iiotikei,  11)  thir  very  l.irge  ihip-;  cannot  come  up  to 
the  cit\-.  One  of  the  fuberbs  of  Dant.'i 'k  is  called 
.Scotland;  and  the  Scotch  f.idrrcai  r-irivileges  ."llii'.ved 
them,  in  conlivler.ition  of  thetr  gall.int  dcfe.ice  of  the 
town  under  on  ■  of  the  tamilv  of  Dougl.is,  when  it  was 
beliegid  by  the  Poles.  It  is  I'aid  there  ii.ive  hicn  ufually 
upwards  ot' 30  ceo  Seirch  pedlars  "at  a  time  in  Polam-I, 
fome  tiavelling  on  foot,  fome  on  horfeback,  &c.  In- 
lieed,  ill  the  time  ot  king  Charles  il.  t'lee  amountixl 
to  <  j.oco,  when  ^ir  J.ihii  Detiham,  ami  Mr.  Killigieu, 
were  feiit  to  tnimber  and  t.ix  them  by  the  poll,  whii.-!i 
they  did  by  [larticuLir  licences  from  the  kingoflVi- 
laiiil,  brmgii'g  home  iq.'.ic-j!.  Ilerling,  betides  defray- 
ing tl'.e  Lxpcnccs  of  t!:e  journey  and  commilliort. 


In  the  great  chu 


rt  11  ii.ri 


'  is  a  \all  [)ill:ir,  holiowc:!, 


which,  it  IS  pretended,  wasanticntly  ^xfi^A  to  immure 
ecchliallics  guilty  of  heinous  crintes.  A.--  liberty  of 
leiigion  is  publuly  adouetl  in  Danr/ick,  there  an; 
chute  he.-,  ol'all  kind.^,  Lutheran,  CaKindl,  and  Catholic, 
'1  hei  eaiebi-lides  convent-,  f'.ir  the  relig  oiisofhoth  fcxes. 
'J'he  cavirons  o^  this  citv  are  uticonimonly  beaurilul. 

b  O  '  La";vc 


,  1,  ,;ll' 


!.;fV 


4- 


698 


A  XF.W,  ROYAL  and  AUTIIFNTIC  SYSTPiM  01    UNIVERSAL  Gi:OGRM'I!Y, 


ivr, 


U 


the  li  Ini  iu!'i'ri\iint,  thoiii^h  this  town  was   , 
r  rnlaiul,  \it  It  «as  i;.isi.'iiuil  In- 

In.l   1 


iiTidi  r  the  pm'ecti'in  o 


11 


U'V 


Its  i)«n  inai^;liiatcs  111  Idrin  ot  a  i(|iiinl!C 
four  jmxonliils  01  Imrgomalicn,  outot  whom  the  km;; 
named  a  buigruc  to  rcpivlcnt  Wim  in  the  llnatc,  aiul 
The  iVnatois  coriiiniifil  lor 


'Ihirc  were 
iii-t  ol'  the  (e- 


liu;i»  ientences  vt'  ileati 
liie  ;  and  tour  ot'them  were  i^alvinilKs. 
103  burghers  ciiofin  to  inl'i)  1.  the  eoiHiii-t  ol'  the 
nates,  and  join  "ith  them  in  ehuling  tlie  miniiU-rs. 
'Ilie  magilhat.'s  liett  rivinrd  aM  c  rimin  il  e.nills  with- 
out apjieal,  and  all  i  imI  rallies  nut  exeeediiiff  1000 
livre>.  1  he  ICD  hur^hers,  uho  |oincd  with  tile 
lenate  in  itiipolin};  raxes,  npreiViU  d  the  grievances 
of  the  people,  andnviintained  thrir  p'ivilej^es.  Wl'.en 
tile  kingeamc  hither,  lie  was  onl\  ailoweil  to  hriivr  a 
tew  guards,  and  was  treated  hv  ihe  city  tor  three  days, 
'i'hcy  had  ;i  lecreta'v  a!wa\s  at  loiirt  to  take  eare  of 
their  intcrel's,  anJ  the  right  of  coina'^e.  '1  heir  mo- 
nev,  which  theycoiiM  coin  wuiinut  ilie  kin.','s  Ka\e, 
had  t!ie  king's  ellig;  on  one  tide,  aiv.l  tl',e  city  arms  on 
the  o'.her. 

ILre  is  a  college,  wi:h  profellors  in  all  faculties; 
but  thev  do  not  gi\e  the  degree  of  do^io;.  I'he  juiil"- 
di,  tion  ol' ihi.i  ciiv  i>  aiiove  40  miles  round.  Iheelhi- 
blillxd  religion  has  lueii  Luthei.mifm  tince  iji;.  1  he 
Lalvinilis  are  niimeious,  and  are  allowed  the  fiecdom 
of  their  wc)rlhip  ;  ^•.  are  a'l  le.ts  in  u-enerai.  'I'liis 
citv  is  noted  for  i-.aviiig  been  the  biith-placc  of  that 
tminent  geogiapher  i'mhp  C  Iwveiiiis. 

there  is  an  iland  lea  or  l)av  here,  callcii  the  I'rif- 
chatV,  famous  f)r  llur.;;eo:i,  a  vail  i]'i'.ntity  of  which  i,- 
tiken  here,  cured  at  Konuiglb.rg  and  J)ant/.ick,  and 
i'ent  to  all  tiu'tra.ling  p^urs  ol  i'.urope,  eiji^cialiv  I'ng- 
land  and  Ho'.l.nd.  I'eter  the  (ireat, t/.ar  ol  .Vlufcovy, 
liaving  brought  ,1  fine  yacht  hitiier  froiu  Holla  ui,  took 
great  delight  in  working  it  m  this  liay  ;  and,  n  order 
to  acquire  the  mariner's  art,  did  evcrv  part  himfeif ; 
l)eing  fometinn-.  at  the  helm,  fomeiimes  before  the 
inall,  and     riietimesat  the  top-mall  head,  c\;c. 

Oliva,  a  ;mall  lea-port,  live  miles  noith-well  of 
Dant/.ick,  is  famed  li)r  a  bene.iicline  abbey,  where  a 
peace  was  concluiicd  in  i6*iO,  lietwixr  the  emperor,  the 
king  of  Folaiiil,  ami  tlie  i lector  of  liiaiulenburgh,  on 
one  part  ;  and  the  kingol  Swei'en  on  the  oth^'. 

The  abbot's  |)al.!ce  and  gardens  are  very  elegant  ;  but 
his  revenues,  which  amiHi;ited  to  io,o;odueat.sj  or  near 
50O0l.)  per  annum,  and  the  lands  of  the  convent  which, 
he  enioyed  in  f.ill  t'o\ereignry,  were  all  I'ei/ed  by  the 
late  ki;-.g  ol  Frullia. 

In  this  palatinate  are  I'wl-  otlier  to.\  ns,  b  t  neither 
of  ihcmm  lit  attention. 

The  palatinau:  <jf  t'ulm  hi;  lour  ll-nalors,  viz.  tlie  hi- 

lliops  of  Lulin  a.d  Wi.rmii,  t!ie  pa'atinean  I  caltellm. 

The  ci;\  ol  l':, is  name  w;i,  limit  and  well  t'orlilied  bv 

the  Teutonic  knights.     It  is  |)lcafi:itly  lituated,  but  is 

iniichdeca. ed  lince  tlieSwcdilh  vMir-. 

The  city  of  Thorn,  the  moll  an  ientofany  in  Poiilh 
rrullia,  is  likewife  the  haiulli'm.ll  and  bed  built.  '1  he 
flreets  are  broader,  and  ti.e  I'.o'il'e,  moree  Icgant,  than 
thole  of  Dani/ii  k.  lie  name  i,  derived  t'rom  the 
(ierinan  word  'I'll  ir,  w  hicii  ligiifi  s  :i  door  or  gate, 
becaufe  the  Teutonic  knight-,  hy  b  iilding  it,  opined 
to  thenifclvcs  a  <l'>orin:o  IVuilia  ;and  the  device  0:1  the 
tity  leal  is  a  giie  thrown  open. 

In  thr  \c.;r  14;,!.  this  <ity,  in  eoniunction  with  the 
lell  of  I'olilli  I'rulli.i,  threw  oil  the  opprellive  )oke  of 
the 'I'eutonic  knighr.,  and  put  iile!l  under  the  protec- 
tion of  i'oland.on  cnii.f'iciii  i!i:ir  it  llinuld  enjoy  iis  an- 
cient right-  ai'.d  pm.kgc^,  which  were  tijual  to  thole 
vi  Dantzick. 

It  had  heretofore  the  right  of  coining  mo!iey,  chuljng 
its  own  magillrates,  deteimining  mil  and  criminal 
caufes,  fending  reprefenta-.ives  to  the  feveral  diets,  jnir- 
chafwig  fiefs  and  ellate>,  ^;c.  hut  its  rights  and  pi  ivi- 
legcs  now  depend  entuel;,  upon  the  will  olthe  I'ruliiaii 
monarch. 

the  German  and  I'olilli  language..,  are  fpoken  here 
in  the  utmoll  purity.     'I'he  territory  appeitaining  to 


the  citv  is  of  conllderal'.le  extent  ;  and  at  a  villap;i? 
about  lix  miles  t;ntnthe  city,  all  |  erfons,  whoreloit 
thither,  may  drink  as  nuieh  bei  r  as  the  pleafe  gratn. 
I'he  tow  n  is  ilclendeil  bv  a  iloiible  wall  anil  niooat.  The 
wooden  bri  Ijieoverthe  Vi!lul  i  is  the  longellin  I'.urope, 
as  half  an  hour  is  required  to  walk  over  it  at  a  tolera- 
ble pace  ;  and  it  the  fame  time  it  is  the  moft  cxpenlive, 
as  one  ihird  of  it  is  fiire  to  be  annuallycarricvl  away  by 
the  floods  In  fact  itionlills,  pioperh  fp»akin!',  if 
twobridg'  s,as  the  ithiid  Ma/ ir  divide,  it  in  the  middl  •. 
I  he  .^--t.i.ithoufe  h\th  none  in  biirope  which  excels  it, 
except  that  ot  Amlleidam.  (ireat  quantities  of  fi'ap 
and  g.ingerbrcad  arc  made  here  and  exported.  The 
afpirattus,  that  grows  wild  in  the  neighbourhood,  is 
not  infciior  to  what  is  eulti\ated  in  other  places.  In 
this  city  the  celebrated  atlrononier  Copernicus  was  born 
in  the  year  1472. 

The  Lutheran  co'Ic'  e  huh  live  prore''^irs,  with  a 
teacher  of  the  i'clilli  laiv'u.i'^e,  a  line  librarv,  and  a 
pr.nting-huiile. 

Ti:e  liilhop  of  Culm,  wh.)fe  dio  :efeand  fpiritii.il  |ii- 
rd'diction  extends  to  thisi  itv,  having,  towards  the  entl 
of  the  lall  century,  ellablilbed  an  annual  procelii.tri 
with  the  holt  on  Cor|)iis-Chrilli  day,  the  year  1724. 
w  ill  fcarce  ever  be  forgot  by  the  citizens  of  Thorn,  fir 
the  execution  of  a  terrible  decree  that  year  from  the 
(  hancery  at  VVariaw,  at  the  inlligation  of  the  Jellii's, 
,ind  the  f.dfe  dcpolitions  of  their  pirii/ansj  by  whi'ti 
Cevcral  I'loielhint  magillrates,  and  oti'.ers  of  note,  wc:C 
not  o:ily  p  it  todeath.and  others  lined,  whipped,  an:! 
impiil'>)ned,  on  account  cfa  tumult,  becaufe  lome  of 
the  Ciii/'.ns  children  did  not  kneel  dicvn  at  th;  proccf- 
lion,  but  St.  Miry's  church  was  t.iken  from  the  Pro- 
tellants,  and  given  to  the  Papifts;  their  Ichools  de- 
llroyed  ;  the  torm  ot  the  city  government  utterly  fub- 
verted  j  the  burghers  f<irced  to  fubmit  to  a  new  fet  of 
magillrates,  who  were  all  Roman  Catholics ;  and,  in  :i 
w.iid,  tile  inhabitants  were  llripped  ol  all  their  privi- 
leges that  had  been  fo  dcarlv  piirchaled,  a  ul  after- 
wards confiimed  by  the  peace  of  Oliva.  Duiingths 
many  of  tlu-  inhabiianls  tied  to  Dantziek  'or  ret'iige, 
i  Init  tl'.ought  lit  to  retire  from  thence  elfeu  here,  l.ll  liie 
I'ohs  lliould  oblige  the  magillrates  of  that  i  ity  toile- 
l;\er  tlu  111  up.  'I'he  Jefuus  ccllige  having  been  broke 
open  and  plundered  in  the  tumult,  they  deman  led 
2J,DOO  tlorins  of  the  city,  w  hich  paid  down  one  half  in 
hand,  and  mnrtgiged  the  city  lands  for  the  other; 
though  the  damage  they  fullained  did  not  exceed  ico3 
lloiins,  and  their  whole  college  was  not  worih  the  fuia 
total  01  their  demand.  Mean  time  the  coiuiiinicin  lor 
the  execution  i;f  the  horriil  I' nteace,  wliicb  even  the 
reigning  jjope  thought  too  cruel,  tlaid  about  a  lortnight, 
and  coll  tlie  <  ity  .)0,OOJ  tlorins.  li\e  or  lix  fol, tiers 
were  quartind  upon  every  I'rotellant  bi.rghi  r,  who  waJ 
obliged  to  maintain  them  in  lu.xury,  on  pain  of  beuig 
tre.i'ed  wi'h  inhumanity;  fb  thai:  the  milery  and 
calamity  upon  titis  occalioi  in 'Thorn  is  alniolt  inex- 
preliii)h'. 

lie  haning  tower  in  this  town  is  much  admired; 
f  "r  tl'.ouith  tlie  oiitlide  is  built  obliquely  Ir  im  tlie 
g'roimd,  to  that  it  teems  re:idy  to  t.iil,  yet  the  tl mr 
.iiul  ctiUn!;s  within  are  perfectly  horizontal,  and  tnc 
w.ilis  perpeii.li -iilar  to  the  hoiizon.  In  t  le  ui.iverliy 
libriiy  two  of  Cicero's  epiltk-s  are  prelerv.d  on  wa\, 
and  <;reatly  adniireil  by  the  liieiati. 

ITnin:;;  del'  ribcd  all  the  plates  worthy  of  note  in 
this  palatinate,  we  pit's  to  thai  of  Ma;ienburgh,  whin 
is  an  open,  level,  populous,  and  Ir  iiitul  country,  pro- 
ducing (  urn,  ca:tle,gral's,6cc.  in  abundance.  The  ay 
ii  good.  'Ihe  fuel  generally  uled  is  eidierturf,  Itr.iu, 
or  llubblej  and  the  few  woods  h:irboiir  very  lier  c 
wolves.  'Tile  inhabitants  are  jii  uicijially  I  uthor.uis, 
or  Riiiiian  Caihohcs  ;  ;ukI  the  palaim.itc  has  i  nU  tuo 
i'en,iio!s,  VIZ.  the  pal  itine  and  the  calKlian  of  ALuku- 
bui"/u. 

I  he  cit>  of  M;!rienburgh  was  totindcd  by  the  'J'eu- 
tonic'  knights.  ThecaUle,  which  was  ere Ji.d  in  taxi, 
is  a  brick  llriiclure,  IbrtiticJ  on  one  fide  with  a  trebl  • 

3  ilitch. 


ruROPF.; 

ditch,  dffer 
fecurcvl  by 
gone  fcvcra 
powers. 

Here  is 
■Virgin  Mar 
houfes  beinj 
adiacent  foi 
ncighliouri; 
river;  but 
are  ver)  e\[ 
is  made  lien 

Llbing  IS 
only  port,  i 
was  built  n 
the  fame  la\ 
vas  one  of  1 
penal  citv  ; 
iialtic.  'Th 
ttoiis.  Tlio 
hy  whic  h  it 
lieni.d  on  th 

'The  city 
New  Towns 
which  are  I 
zii  k,  form  ; 
of  Polilh  Pi 
the  tortificat 
it  in  tlurg'd 
Catholic  an 
plaee.  It  i 
and  is  as  fru 
vince,  Amlli 
bom  hood  h 
the  nohleiDi 
be  dillingui 

The  arch 
protefque  ai 
?'..!  almoll  : 
deligned  tor 
formerly  fv 
by  a  tie;K  h. 
pre:'t  mcalu 
to  its  new 

Chnllbu 
on  tI.e  rive 
Draufen,  o 

Stum  is  a 
the  p.ilatin; 

'I  he  fou 
billi<)pri<-, 
royal  jurii'd 
under  their 
rhuf of  the 
berg,  a  tin. 
north  call 
niiii'lberg. 
l'ril"c!;alf,   \ 
a  goixl  hail 
Pillau. 
ratliedral 

'  The  cliu 
Ikaiinllaw, 
for  a  good  1 
built  byc.i 
gaged  lined 
burg;  but 
the  whole. 

Prullia  n 
come  an  ex 
prows  too 
many   otl.i 

lofl'. 

When  ei 
A  w  ate  hi 
Till  gro\ 
And  elbc 


'I 


1 


riiY. 

ami  at  n  villa«»i? 
ltIdii-;,  whn  ri'foit 
tlu'  pliMlo  ij;iati'5. 
,11  anil  niooat.  The 
loiv^i'llin  I'.uroiic, 
ivcr  it  at  a  tolcra- 
hcnioft^xpinlivf, 
lytanicil  away  by 
I'Cih  fpkakiii!',  of 
c-i  it  in  the  mitl.lL". 
i:  which  cecils  it, 
iliiaiititiis  (if  fi'ap 
il  ixiiortcil.  I  lu" 
iici!';'.ihi)iirhnoil,  is 
oilur  places.  Ill 
ipcrnicus  .vas  born 

profcT()rs  ^vith  a 
iiii."   libiary,  aii.l   a 

■fcanil  fj5iritii.ll jii- 
[,  UWAwU  the  c-nJ 
ann;i:il  proc-nrjn 
lay,  the  year  17^4. 
7.cns  (if  Tharn,  f  >r 
hat  year   from  the 
tion  of  the  jcfuits, 
inizans ;  by  whicti 
thcrs  of  note,  hc:C 
leJ,   whinpcil,  an:! 
,  becaiife  loiiie  of 
uwii  at  the  procef- 
i:n  from    tlie  Pro- 
tlicir  fchools  de- 
nniciu  utterly  fiib- 
iiit  to  a  new  let  of 
uliolica ;   aixl,  m  a 
I  ol  all  their  [>rivi- 
thafetl,   a  111   after- 
•liva.     During  this 
aiif/.irk  'or  r(fu;;e, 
;  elfewherc,  1-.  It  liie 
of  th.it  I  ity  to  ile- 
'  having  been  liroke 
It,   they   ileiiian  le.l 
il  il'iu  :i  one  hall'iii 
mis   for  the    other; 
Llid  not  cxceeiJ  ic33 
1  not  worth  the  fum 
the  coriiniillion  lor 
c,  which  even  the 
id  about  a  rortnight, 
]  i\e  or  li'<  foi, tiers 
It  burgher,  v.  ho  \\a« 
y,  on  pain  of  being 
at    the    luilerv   aid 
lorn  li  alniolt  iiiex- 

is  much  admired  ; 
obliquely  fr  im  tlic 
1  fill,  yet  the  ti  xir 
hoi  i/.ont.il,  and  tlic 
In  t'le  ui.iverfry 
e  prefcrv^d  on  wa\, 

s  worthy  of  note  in 
vlanenbui-gh,  w  hi  » 
iiifdl  country,  pro- 
rtutidance.  I'he  M,r 
is  either  turf,  Ih.iv,, 
harbour  very  fiere 
im'iiuilly  1  uther.ii's, 
.uin.ite  lias  (lib  two 
(  allcllan  of  M.iuen- 

luniled   by  tliC  'J'e'.i- 
was  erea.d  in  1  .I'm  , 


C  lide    \vi 
i 


h  a  trebl  ■ 
ditch. 


rUROPF.]  P    0    I- 

ditch,  defended  oti  the  ot^rr  by  (Iron;;  ftonc  walls,  and 
fecured  by  high  rowers  at  the  bank ;.  It  haiuuler- 
gone  fevcral  re\i>lurioii.,  uid  lieii  lubjev.'!  todill'cniU 
powers. 

Here  i^  a  mign'li'tin  clinr' h,  dedicatid  to  the 
Virgin  Mary,  but  th-.'toMn  is  nemlv  built,  iivll  of  its 
luiufis  being  of  wood,  and  the  itil-,abiran;s  po:  r.  Ihe 
adjacent  foil  is  (ru'tful,  and  w;!l  culri^ated,  as  is  the 
nciglibouring  illand  of  the  faitie  name,  f..rmeil  bv  the 
rivcrj  but  the  d)  kci,  to  prelcrv  r  it  lioni  imuid  itioiis, 
arc  very  expenli-e.  'll\^■  bell  muid  in  l\  lilli  I'riillia 
is  maile  liere. 

Klbing  IS  the  nietropoh:.  of  the  pa':itinati',  and  the 
only  port,  exce|  t  Pant/ick,  in  all  Po'ilh  Hreliii.  It 
was  built  in  1  :  iq,  by  the  lurghis  of  l.idvck;  hid 
the  lame  laws,  prnihges,  and  ami<,  11s  tl  eir  ei\';  a 'd 
was  one  of  the  I  l.ins-'l"owns,  as  \\eil  as  i  I  ee  and  im- 
perial city  ;  and  one  of  the  molf  conf.deiab'e  on  the 
tialtic.  This  city  alio  has  undirgne  various  revolu- 
tions. The  iaif  v\as  in  th'- difunmbeiinrnt  (f  I'dand, 
by  which  it  w.is  fubje-tcd  to  t'.ie  [ii.my  cal.imiiics  inci- 
ikntd  on  that  event. 

The  city  of  flbing  is  divided  in'o  the  Old  and 
New  Towns,  or  rather  the  l.J()por  and  I  ur  To.ins, 
which  arc  both  tortilicd,  and,  with  I'hoi.i  a"d  D.int- 
zii  k,  form  a  repofitory  tor  the  archives  an, I  trtafures 
of  i'oliili  i'i'.i)';:i.  Its  llreets  are  broad  and  llriir,  and 
the  turtificatio.s  very  regular.  Its  [irincii'>al  (  onim  ne 
lii  in  llurg'  oil,  butter,  clecl'c,  meati,  and  corn.  The 
Catholii  and  l.iithcian  are  the  tw.)  rcligi  ins  of  the 
phi'-e.  it  is  li'iiated  in  a  le-vel  cc  iintry,  like  Holland, 
and  IS  as  fniitfid  and  p'tvuLiii-;  as  anv  pirt  of  that  pr.)- 
vini  e,  .\mlierd.im  ex(  epted.  The  boors  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood have  as  good  hoiifes  and  aj^parel  .ilmolt  as 
ihe  noblemen  in  Coiirland  ;  fo  that  a  hnor  i;  hirdly  to 
be  liiltinguilhed,  by  his  liabit,  Irim  a  burg!  er. 

The  architecture  of  tlie  hoiifcs  in  te.is  city  i>  mull 
protef.iiie  and  lingular.  They  tcriiinate  m  a  point ; 
n..'.  alnioll  all  the  upper  Ihirics  arc  untenantable,  being 
dcligncd  tiir  granaries,  and  not  for  relidence.  It  w.is 
formerly  fortilied  in  the  (Johic  talle,  and  liirrounded 
by  a  trench.  Ikit  even  thel'e  feeble  raniparis  are,  in  a 
grei't  miahiic  dcmolilhcd,  fiice  it  hath  become  fidiiect 
to  its  new  mafler. 

C'lrillinirg  is  a  conlivlerable  town,  vith  an  old  callle, 
on  t:.e  river  Sergamen,  uhuh  diliha'ges  iilill'into  the 
J)raiiren,  oj-p  li'.e  b.lb  11  :. 

Stum  Is  a  Imall  town  uiih  a  call'e,  when'  the  diet  of 
the  palatinate,  and  a  lo.iri  ot  iedii.itere  is  I'eld. 

'Ihe  fourth  palat  n.ite  if  tins  (O'liuiy  is  Warmia,  a 
billiopric,  tlie  people  ol  vi  Iiie'r,  are  e.ciiipted  from  the 
royal  jurifdieton,  and  g,  veiiud  b;.  tie  laws  of  PriilliA 
luulcr  their  biihcp,  ulm  is  a  prince  of  tlie  enipiv,  the 
rliiifofthe  riiilTian  fciiators,  and  ha;  his  feat  at  Heilf- 
berg,  a  llrniig  place,  built  in  i :.]  d,  o  1  the  river  .'MIer, 
norih  call  fiom  Mbing,  and  ■{'  miles  fniith  of  Ko- 
niiielberg.  I  Ii>  cail.idial  is  at  I  lauenbuig,  on  the 
1  rill'!. a  if,  uhereil  ree  .\e>  the  river  S(  lion,  and  his 
a  good  hai hour,  10  mil  s  norili  c.iil  Irom  I'.lbing  and 
Fillau.  i'.ic  t.iiiious  L'l'pcmiciis  was  a  canon  ol  this 
cathedral. 

'The  chill  town  dC  ilr;  jialatin  iie  is  ihaiMiiberg,  or 
l^rauiillavv,  .1  populous  placi',  iiaich  tieinientcd,  lamed 
lor  a  good  trade,  and  an  iiniverlitv,  or  rather  a  college, 
built  by  cariliiial  1  loiiiis.  The  toeen  has  been  moit- 
gaged  iincc  i(if>-?  to  the  chs 'or.d  fimily  of  lirmtlen- 
biirg;  but  his  late  I'luli.an  .Vir;c!fy  tvv.ik  pulhliion  of 
the  whole. 

I'miila  ma\,  in  this  manner,  from  a  final!  (hue,  be- 
come an  extenlivc  and  mightv  empire,  till,  perhaps,  it 
grows  ti)()  unweildy  to  fup|i)rt  itiilt,  when,  like 
many  otlicr  llaic-,  it  may  decline  as  rapidly  as  it 
lofe. 


When  empire  in  its  ch.ildh.ond  lirll  appear.s, 

A  watchful  fate  o'lrfecs  its  tender  yeais; 

Till  grown  more  llrong,  it  thrulls'and  II retches  out, 

And  elbows  all  the  kingdomi  round  about. 


The  place  thii"  made  for  its  firfl  brcatliing  free, 
It  moves  ii'^.iin  tiirialeanl  luxury; 
Till,  I'welling  by  degree-,  it  has  pillefs'd 
'I  he  ureati  r  I'picc,  and  now  (  ro\'ds  up  ihe  reft  j 
When  from  behind  there  Harts  lome  petty  (late, 
.And  piillies  on  its  iiou  un'.viildy  t.itc  : 
Then  i'o'.\  n  the  precipice  ot  time  it  goes, 
,\iid  links  in  minutes  wi.at  in  ages  rofe. 

The  cxtenfivc  country  of  I.itiiua.via,  wlddi  the 
nittivcs  ihemlelves  call  l.ctva,  was  united  to  Poland  in 
1501.  It  IS,  in  length,  about  jfiO  miles,  and  ;j  p  in 
breadth,  where  broadelh  It  was  t'ormeily  almi  II  lill- 
cJ  with  woods,  and  Itill  contains  many  c<iniidcr ible 
f  irells.  It  abounds  in  honey,  w.ix,  t  mScr,  bid'aloe-i, 
wild  horfe.s,  wild  alles,  pitch,  tar,  bo.ir.i,  elks,  urii, 
wood,  orks,  iScc. 

Tl-.c  niinvro's  hikes  likewife  proth'cc  great  qiiaiiti- 
ticsof  lilli ;  but  the  great  numbers  of  likes  and  lorells 
oecalio.i  t!e  air  to  be  tl.ick  and  foggy.  Here  are 
many  llocks  and  lurds;  and  buck  wheat,  as  well  as 
other  grim,  is  plentiful;  fo  that  provifidns  are  (heap, 
though  agri eultuic  is  greatly  neglected  ;  but  money  is 
very  fcarce. 

'i'he  mibiiiry  aife  i  great  pomp  and  fplendor,  and  arc 
cxceedinglv  fond  of  ret  liirn.^  a  nnmeions  tr.iin  ot  do- 
mellics.  The  Roiran  C'atliolic  is  the  edabliihed  reli- 
gion; but  Lutherans,  Calvinilts,  Je  \  s,  Turks,  Coeeks, 
^:c.  arc  tolerated. 

Lithuania  was  governed  by  its  own  duke,  till  it  was 
united  to  I'ol.md  by  the  marriage  of  its  great  duke 
Jageilo  to  I  Icdw  ig  the  dowager  of  1  .c\\is,  king  of  Po- 
land and  Hungary;  but  each  country  llill  rct.iincd  its 
own  laws,  culloivs,  privileges,  dialect,  &c.  In  a  diet 
held  at  Lublin,  in  the  year  15^1"),  it  was  more  tirmly 
compacted  with  Poland  than  bef'r?;  and  a  denee  uas 
made,  th.it  both  countries  llioiild  firm  but  one  Hate 
under  the  fame  prince. 

In  tl.eir  courts  ofjuRice,  the  tenth  pnrt  of  what  is 
adjudged  111  all  real  actions  goes  to  the  judge's  bar,  and 
i/immediitely  p.aid  into  court.  The  judge  claims  half 
the  damages  L'iven  in  perfonal  iicti'>ns.  The  common 
]5cople,  the  (ieimaiis,  .mil  burghers  in  t'le  royal,  touns 
■.•xceiued,  are  llaves  ;  and  fo  exceidingly  illiterate,  that 
foiiie  of  ihcm  even  retail",  many  ol'  their  ancient  idiil- 
atrous  fuperllitions. 

The  poor  people  here  have  only  Monday  to  them- 
fclves,  and  fometimes  their  lords  even  deprive  them  ot 
ihat.  They  wear  a  coarfe  alh-coloiired  habit;  and,  hir 
their  legs,  they  have  buikins  of  bark;  and  ge  ler.illv 
fj-e.ik  the  Sclavonic,  wliich  is  the  langii.ige  ufed  in  ail 
their  courts  of  judicatuie.  They  have  a  great  mix- 
ture of  Polilli,  and  alf)  of  the  Latin,  which  lalf  is  as 
common  here  as  in  Poland,  and  fpokc  by  people  ot  all 
ranks,  infeimich,  that  Michalon,  one  of  their  authors, 
makes  no  d.uibt  of  their  being  defccnded  from  tiie  old 
Isomans;  and  the  rather,  bccaufe  the  Lithuanians  hiul, 
not  long  linec,  the  f.ime  ciilfoms  and  fuperllitions,  as 
burning  the  dead,  divining  by  augurs,  &:c. 

The  bread  they  ciimmonly  cat  is  a  coarfe  black  fort, 
made  of  r\e,tlie  lo>  rv  w  heat,  unw  mnowed,  and  barley- 
eais.  all  gr  .iind  together.  They  have  tie  b,  lilh,  and 
liiwi;  and  what  catile  or  jioiiliry  they  think  ihev  liiall 
not  be  able  to  keep  m  the  winter,  they  ul'uaUy  kill  in 
autumn,  and  prifer\c  in  fait. 

liiever\  hoiife  in  the  country  they  have  four  or  five 
h.ind-miiis  10  grind  their  (orn.  Whijethev  meat  work 
they  have  a  conllaiit  Umg.  'fhcv  b.ne  alfo  a  for  of 
verv  loiv;  wodden  trumpet,  which,  when  the\  lnuml, 
almoll  deafens  bye-llandeis. 

Their  pedants  have  waggonsor  c  ins,  all  of  u  cod,  and 
made  very  light,  by  interweaving  boughs  v.  i  h  each 
other;  and  their  coverings  are  commonly  the  l.uiie,  not 
much  unlike  the  colliers  or  liine-burncrs  carts  111  Lng- 
land.  Ihe  wheels  arc  of  cue  tlat  and  entire  piece  of 
wood;  and,  as  the  axle  trc  s  are  ncvc-i  grealcil,  a  nuni- 
b(  r  ol  them  togctncr  make  aa  intolerable  Iqiieaking 
noife. 

Their 


I  'in 


,iM 


1'  1 


1. 


'M 


IH 


s-o  A  NF.W,  ROYAl  .   \sr.  Al.'TI  IFNTIC  S^STl.M  or  UNIVFRSAI.  CI'.OnRAPIlY, 

Thill  hdulisaic  I'uilt  r  niiul,  uvl  il\i.r.li)ri-'  tluv  call 


ihciu  tower-.  I'Ikv  .uc  m  u  io'.v  ,  a;nl  <i[i(.'n  at  top,  to  !it 
(uit  tin-  (nuikc  aii.l  IK'ikIi  ;  ;in.l  giiU'iallv  covcicil  with 
IvKM-iN,  lli.n'. ,  or  l).u'iv  ol  tr  i'%.  In  tlu-lV  ihc  pcopK' 
iiiul  ihi  ir  latilc  li\i'  UYCth.i,  by  uliitli  h;>th  olicii  rc- 
t'.'ivf  itijiiiy. 

One-  lit'  tlic  cmplovnunts  tl'tlu-  men,  in  tlio  u inter, 
i>  I.)  lUili'bkl.  \Mtli  Lliopt  tiMCliu--,  an.l  ilallx.%  ihatgrow 
in  tlif  rnai  Ihc'i  i  anil  part  of  thi  NMMiicns  Imlini  Is,  with- 
in  doors,  is  to  weave  tdaife  <li)th.  I'or  tear  ot  ihc  in- 
curtions  of  the  Tartars,  the  I  ithiianians  lecuK'  all 
tluireorn,  llraw,  fait  nu-.'.t,  anil,  !ii  ihcrt,  all  their  pro- 
\ilions,  in  ia\es,  w  hieh  tlv  v  lii^;  in  the  toiells,  anil 
liitle  the  eiui.ince  with  ilie  li.iik  aivl  hiaiuhesoi  tret^. 
The  tirll  pal.itinaie  nl'  l.ului.mia  i-.  \'iliia,  whirli 
edniprehenii^  three  laii,t'  i!ilh'K'!>,  anil  isdisiileil  into 
two  Cijaal  pails  by  the  ri\tr\\'ila.  it  lia^  on!\  three 
I'cnators,  viy,.  tic  bill  op,  palatine,  and  calUILin;  an  1 
its.nanic  is  derived  tVdiii  the  eaiii'.al,  not  only  of  this 
p.iliLUUte,  but  ot  l.iiluMiiia,  \i/. 

\'ilna,  uhii'h  the  inliabitaiits  call  \ilcnll\i,  and  the 
(I'umatu  \\  i!Je.  It  Hands  at  the  eoiilhix  ol  the  \  ilia 
aiiil  W'lln,  and  i>  a  lart;e  populous  town,  with  a  gooii 
iiade,  I  lit  ehi:  tlv  larrud  on  by  tor  ij^ner-;,  tl'.c  natives 
bciiii.^  poor  nn.i  i.i/;'.  'ilie  lioido  aie  lo  fiiioak)-,  and 
tlic  inhabitant,  ul.o  a:e  I'aNe-.  lo  their  iio'.ileiiRii  and 
ilieir  bellies  eat  1.)  m;  i  h  girlie  and  onions,  that  halt 
ol  them  ;'.rc  bli 'd  bc.'iic  they  gr.i-a  old.  The)  are 
iiiiieh  i;.'  en  to  i];iaiie!s,  lb  that  nuiideis  Ibnieiimes  en- 
luc.  1  he  lh■eet^  a:e  badly  ]a\e.l,  duty,  and  Iwariii 
with  bigg.irsj  tor  lure  i>  no  liolpiiil.  Mult  iit'  the 
hoiill>  -.lie  low.  111  an,  II, 1  biiik  ol  wood,  exeejir  thole 
ot  I'oir.e  t'oieii^n  iiiei;!urit-",  the  i;ieat  duke's  palace, 
the  cailiedral  and  clv.irdu  v,  whieh  aie  all  built  ul  (lone  ; 
as  are  al'b  lie  liern.r.iinc  ir.onailery,  the  univertity, 
and  ihe  Ru::"ian  coinjan\'s  waiehoule,  where  thev  keep 
their  einiii:e>,  llibles  >xc. 

As  it  is  the  moll  c ninideralile  llaple  tor  trade,  l"o  it 
is  the  feat  ot  the  chiei  i  oiirt  of  judicature  tor  Lithuania, 
which  lits  yearly  a;  lids  ()lace  and  at  Minitk,  by  turns. 
All  t!iC  inhabitanr;,  exi\  p.  the  ineniberi  of  the  tribunal, 
are  under  the  jiiiilJichon  otilie  palatine,  who  is  gover- 
nor (il  the  cit. . 

lleie  is  a  ruino'.is  Old  c,ill!e  iipiin  a  hill;  and  an- 
other much  more  beam.t.i,  ot  a  inodeni  IliiKtiire,  at 
tl'-.' lover  [-art  of  the  to'.iii.  In  the  duke's  [lalace  there 
is  a  wiH-lurnillied  arlenil,  or  uiiiini-y,  and  a  good  li- 
braiv.  The  cathednl,  iKdicate  I  to  .St.  Stanillaiis, 
llaiuis  in  the  lower  caltle.  It  fa:,  a  lar^e  liNer  tomb  of 
S:.  Calimr,  who  was  iai;oni/evl  by  pope  L.eo.  X.  Its 
reMiiues  are  conti.ieiable  ;  and  tin  ii;;li  the  archbi(1io|) 
is  a  Roman  Catho'i<',  he  c!  aUe:._!.;es  jurilil;et;on  over  all 
the  bilho;  .,  ..f  I'ol.lh  IVMlIia,  ui.o  arc  of  the  Cireek  re- 
lijjon;  wlfihis  howiver,  ililputed  by  the  billiop  of 
Kiow,  IL.ie  is  a  gr.at  bc'l  iluit  reijuiics  24  men  to 
rsi'g  it,  wliieh.  was  giien  In'  kiiiL^  Sunrniiuid  HI,  v.ho 
aliof^ave  ti.c  lilver  tomb,  and  an  ah.ir  of  the  f.ime  me- 
t:si.  i'uc  collof^e  here  u.is  lo'.i'ii.'.l  in  i;',9,  b,  king 
S'.o'-.en,  with  profeJlbrs  of  miinit;,,  law,  philo- 
;  "plyv ,  the  llcbiew  langtiage,  and  |.hi!ologV;  and  ho- 
r.  lUf.d  with  tlie  title  ol'aii  unneility  by  pope(jiegory 
Xlll.  The  'oun  ..^  iihej  t;>r  luakiiij;  very  good  guns, 
And  I'lur  lii'.lium^iiii  ol  v,.ir,  eli.ilii  b\  deiiiiui  arti- 
ilccr^, 

!  I.e  I'i.lnirb-;  arc  as  large  as  the  town,  and  full  of  the 
like  tm.bi.r  cottage.-,  u.Koliavi-  not  p.utilions,  but 
coiiliii  only  oi  <,  le  room,  r.n.iiiioa  to  the  faiiiil)-  and 
then  ii'.tile.  liotli  l.ic  i  '.'.i!c^  ,i:c  built  of  bricks,  and 
lla!ik(.!  w;tli  tow,;>.  i  ,1  l(,;tiru.uionsarc  but  indif- 
teienr,  iiiivl  it.  g;res  :iv;-  in:;,  ihiu  in  time  of  war.  The 
l-'ioliiialUs  had  a  cli,  ri  11  aid  eoli^gc  here  formerly, 
h>il  wlcre  deprived  ol  ;.  ii'i  by  adurecot  the  diet  of 
I'ol  ■:J,  Mliich,  neiertiitlif-,  itU  tlic  Cireeks  in  pollef- 


l:'ii 


•f  tht 


ir  monalier; 


ciiur. 


;ie  (.1  ic.eir  reii;iioli. 


Kiilfi, 


Tl 
Tart, 


and  the   tree  cxer- 


ic  town  is  inhabited  b,   Pole 


ir: 


In-   It 


l.ltl 


,  am! 
■|  he   V 


o:h 


er  nations,  as  uel 


from  \'ilni,  hue  waggons  for  the  ferviceof  travi  Ijeri. 
They  live  according  10  their  own  lans,  «ith(»ut  givin^^ 
caiife  ol'coni[)laini,  and  ow  n  the  lin  >,  I't  I'oland  lor  their 
fovereign.  (neat  luimlur^.  of  iheiii  ulide  in  the  vil- 
lages of  a  valley  three  mile.troni  hence,  in  the  way 
to  Koningtbcig.  I  oreign  menhants  likloin  come 
hiihci' but  111  tiie  wiiUei ,  when  the  luirllvs  arc  fro/.en, 
aiul  they  can  biing  iher  gooiis  on  jledges  ovet 
the  (now .  'I'lieie  was  fo  g.eat  a  taniii'C  in  thete  parti 
in  I57i,that  in  \'iliia  alone  there  died  of  it  no  lelij 
than  jcooo.  Here  was  a  great  lunult  in  ijSi,  on  ac- 
count ot  the  bilhop's  zi.il,  in  burning  the  books  of  tlic 
Lutherans,  Calvinills,  and  Ruliiiiis.  In  Kno  the  Riil- 
iians,  to  be  revenged  tor  the  ihiI'lIiu  t  done  by  the  I'olcJ 
at  Smoliniko,  took  this  pl.i-e,  and  fet  fiie  to  it,  b\  w  hiili 
47.X)  houfeswerc  rediued  toaHies,  together  with  feicil 
Catholic,  and  three  other  chinehes  j  loth  it  the  ijiieeu 
ot  Poland  h.ul  but  jud  time  toefiape,  with  her  atten- 
dants, in  boats;  of  u  huh  I'ome,  never!  In  llV,  were  drown- 
ed. In  1(144  the  Ichol.irs  ruled  a  greu  tumult,  vvhieh 
could  not  be  appiafed  till  major  i^gmlki  came  with  4OO 
j  foldieis,  ol  wlioni  t.vcral,  to|.ciiier  vwth  the  m.tjor 
1  himlelf,  were  killed  in  the  Ikiniiilli. 
'  (o-i;dno,  in  tlie  p.i'atinate  of 'I'roki,  the  Lirg,ell  tow  a 
in  I.ithiiuiii  next  to  \  ilna,  is  tituateii  on  the  river 
I  Niemen.  Mere  is  a  fmepilice,  a  callle,  .1  lollege,  a 
I  [ew  ■>  fenagogiie,  a  C'ai  i.eliti-  iiunnerv ,  three  (Jreek  aiul 
1  nine  Roman  Catholic  churches.  I>i  lide>  ihel'e  lure  are 
tuo  oh.r  palaces,  the  one  belonging  to  pun.  e  liad/.i'.il, 
and  the  other  to  the  Sapirtian  t'amily.  Verv  tew  of 
the  (tacts  of  this  city  are  paved;  and  a  greit  put  of 
this  town  was  coiuuired  bv  lire  in  the  )■.  11  17;).  it 
is  a  pl.ice  of  good  trade,  has  a  |)rovincial  diet,  and  a 
court  of  )ii  he  itvire.  In  the  lird  divillo.i  of  LitluianLi 
arc  feveral  fiiiall  loans,  but  or.  no  conliiieration  remark- 
able. 

The  feeoiid  divilion  of  Idthuatiia,  or  Lithuanian 
Rullia,  contains  W  hite  Rullia,  and  is  about  (40  miles 
m  length,  Ifom  call  to  wclt,  and  24O  in  breadth,  from 
north  to  loath.  It  lncludc^  Black  Rullia,  or  the  pala- 
tinate of  .\ovogrod..ek,  and  contains  ll\<jn  towns,  of 
which  we  can  only  mention  one  that  dcferves  attention. 
This  is  N'ovogrodeck,  a  esinllderable  tomi,  6S  miles 
Couth  of  \'ilna,  li'aiatcd  on  a  hill.  Mere  are  a  provin- 
cial diet, <a  highc.iurtof  ludic.itiire,  an  mlerior  court, 
a  ctjilegi-,  Roman  Citholic  and  (ireek  eonvents,  a:id 
lev  eral  ehiirciies. 

l  he  palatinate  of  Miiilki  h.-'s  two  fenators,  viz.  t'.ic 
palatine  and  taltellan  of  the  loun  ot  Miiilki. 

.Miniki,  the  capital,  I1  a  large,  will  bmli  town,  de- 
tended  b;,  a  deep  ditch,  a  (hong  callle,  .md  odier  for- 
tlliial:on.->.  It  '.^as  oin  e  .1  dleiine  town,  but  lis  conle- 
iiueiiee  i-.  now  much  dei-liiuT 

lior.llaw  IS  built  ot  timber,  has  a  Ihong  caltle,  and 
is  regulaily  fortilied.  As  i^  alio  Brod/ieck,  40  miles 
to  the  fouth  ol  Ijorilfiw  . 

Rucliai'ow  i^  a  l.irg.;  an.l  populous  town,  lituatedou 
the  banks  of  I'li-  NiejH-i . 

The  p.ilat  ll.iie  (if  M,f..'ll.iw ,  or  Mill.iw,  is,  for  the- 
inod  I'aii,  0..1 -;u:i  VI  ,M  woods,  or  o\er-tloaed  wth 
water;  but  wl.al  plain  '  v.n\  it  hi-,  l-^  generally  friiittul. 
It  likewife  ab.nuids  with  c:it'f.;  of  all  forts,  and  excel- 
lent lowl;  is  divided  ii'.lo  f.eo  large  dillrids,  which 
are  tho.'e  ot  Mil',  liliw  and  Mod/.eria;  and  has  two  Ic- 
natois,  vi/..  the  pafitine  aiul  <:allellan 

Its  capital,  of  the  fame  name,  is  a  fmall  limber-luiilt; 
tow  11  on  ili:  I  iv,  1    'OS.     The  R.'.iirians  received  a  p,ieai; 
j  defeat  it. -r    :  .ri  let.;  ;    iii.t    m  l'i«:0  they   took  it,  and 
I   malHiLred  all  li;e  ir.li.ibii.ini-. 

1  Mohilow  's  .1  large,  well  built,  popllloll.^  town, 
I  fituaied  on  .'.e  rivrr  Nie|icr.  It  is  a  i;ieat  mart  foH 
'  t'.)r-i,  reLkoned  one  of  the  iliongell  to.ins  of  l.uhuani.i, 
,  ai.     colli, lin^  ,1  '. e;'.  \]'K-  lo.lei'e. 


irtars,   wlio  lie  along 
aca,    V. !',  i,.li  dois  not  run   far 


le  pila'ina'.e  o 


f  W 


tine  a:i. 
'1  he 
111 


:  call  el: 
cit\    oi 


tejilk  lia.two  fenators,  thep,iia- 


an. 


W'iienlk,  the  ca;)ital,  lituated  near  thi 


conllux  ol  II 
art   .in.l  iLit-Jie 


Wi 


eplk,  tlie  I 
'/.hu  .in,l  D.' 
Ii.ij  t'.io  llio;i;r  calUt 


IS  detended  both  bv 


is  laige 


and 


ml  1 ; 


lY. 

ill'of  tlMVlIloM. 

,  withdut  |;i\in^^ 
i'(il.i:ui  tor  tluir 
liilr  III  iho  viU 
icc,  in  the  way 
s  ilKlom  tome 
111  -s  arc  tVo/.cn, 
:i  IIl'Jj^i's  ovL'i 
r.o  in  tlicll-  parts 
cl  of  It  no  Ills 
in  13X1,  on  .11- 
iIk-  h'Uiks  <  I  the 
In  i(>io  liu'  i'^iil- 
oiic  liv  the  I'lilc; 
I- 10  it,  1>\  «  bii-li 
i-:!ki-  with  fc^t;! 
o  tli.it  the  iiiiLV'ii 
,  V.  ith  hiT  ;iiti';i- 
I.  i'>,  wcTiiirown- 
u  tunr.ilt,  M  iiii  h 
si  i.iiiu-  ui'.ii  4OJ 
villi  the  iij.ijoc 

llic  l.ir;;fll  tow  n 

•il   on   the-   iiMi 

lllo,  a  n)llc^;i',  .1 

three  lireik  ;iiul 

it-,  ihtli-  hi  IV  ar-j 

ipiiu.  f  llad/i'.il, 

\\i;    lew  ot 

a  !;r(.v\t  p:ut  of 

)i  ir  175  j.       li 

nci.il  itict,  an.i  a 

10, 1  ol  Litluianui 

leration  ivinark- 

,  or   Lithuanian 

about  <40  iiiilcj 

111  breadth,  Ironi 

ilha,  or  the  ()ala- 

leveil  to\*  11:.,  if 

.ferves  attention. 

to\Ml,  ('S    miles 

ere  are  a  proviii- 

ii  inlenor  eoiiir, 

k  eoinents  ai.d 


nators,  \h.  t'.ic 
liiilki. 

built  town,  tic- 
e,  aiul  oiher  lor- 
n,  but  IIS  eonie- 

i')!!;:;  tafile,  anJ 
Ll/ici.k,  .(0  iiiiies 

tow  n,  lituateJ  on 

lliw,  is,  (or  the 
\er-tloAeil  wtll 
iiK-rally  t'ruithil. 
loits,  anil  exc-;i- 
ilillri.ts,  whitii 
aiui  h.ls  two  le- 

i.ill  liiiibcr-b.iilt; 
reee.\eil  a  ;',riat 
iiey   look  It,  an,l 

pnpulou'!  town, 
a  uieat  mart  (oH 
.ns  ot  l.iil'.iiania, 

:nators,  tliep.J.i- 

ticuateJ  near  the 

leteiiJed  both  by 

Ci;   is  laige  aiul 

popa'unii; 


IvUKOI'l-  ]  I'     O     I 

populous,  I'lit  Iniiil  'Mth  limber.  Co  iinicr<»'  i;  ear- 
ned on  trom  lieilee  to  tlic  tit>  ni  KiJ^a,  l'\  niialls  ol 
the  I  )\\  ina. 

Oilka,  01  OrC.i,  i>  a  lai';^c  liniher  built  i  itv,  at  the 
contUix  >ii  a  ri  wr  ot  it>  ow  11  n  m,e  w  itii  the  Nieper  ;  is 
iltteiuled  on  oiu-  liiit  by  tlu-  Nieper,  and  on  tlie  other 
In  p.'llilai'ois,  in. I  a  |li.)n(;  laftlc  built  oC  llotie,  whuii 
js  wtilluil  bv  I  he  II'  IT  Orla. 

'Ilie  pal.itinate  <t  I'oliK/k,  <r  I'oJDezko,  n  divulal 
in'o  t<\o  dill  net.,  .1.  d  1ij>  ta  ■  h  nators,  the  palatine  ami 
calUllaii  ol 

J'f)loe/k,  thee.i|Hi,ii,  wl\i(  !i  (lands  on  theiivcr  I)w ma, 
and  i>  a  l.n^e  a:  i  populiuii  nmn  detmUd  bv  f.M) 
eallli".  In  1  ;'>  ..ihii  llaiilowit/.,  ).^reat  duke  ot  Vlol- 
io\  \ ,  took  It,  ai'  t  eairieil  awav  noil  ot  its  iiihahitaiit ., 
It  letiiameil  1:1  tin  hands  ol  tlie  Rullian^  till  the  voir 
I  ;"i),  wien  it  \'as  moviKd  1)\  Stephen  liatlioii,  who 
limit  and  eiulo.vid  a  very  fair  loiindation  here  tor  the 
Jeiuit-. 

I'he  provinee  ol  Ssmolui  \  i^  of  a  triangular  h  riP, 
anil  lituaied  bitwe<n  louiland,  Semigalha,  and  the 
kinp'lom  ot  I'nilii.i.  'Ihc  lenuth,  from  eall  to  \\c(^, 
i>  lieu  ii/'nules;  and  lh(  I'reati  ll  breadth,  trcni  norih 
10  louili,  about  ip.  The  Coil  I.I  mailliv,  a-  the  name 
itCelt,  1:1  till'  lai!}.'ua(;i  ot  tlu-  lountry,  inplies.  It 
eoirains  mail)  ri^er^  and  lake'-,  and  has  Inpie  goovi 
paltnre  an.)  com  lands.  >ome  parts  are  niount.iinous ; 
.uid  till'  wood- contain  protlii.nou^  Iwarms  ot  b.  es.  1  he 
honey  i'-  excellent,  and  liie  wax  remarkable  \\>v  its  pu- 
ritv  and  whiteiiel^. 

1  here  is  a  breed  ot  lunl'i^  heie  which  aie  liiiall,  hut 
f'prgl.th,  (wilt,  and  haidv.  Though  the  aia'.'lc  ("oil 
is  veiy  llill",  the  inliabitant-  arc  to  dull  and  lliifiid,  that 
they  life  none  l>iit  woi^len  plough-lharcs  ;  becaiile, 
when  one  ot  their  llarollai,  or  governor .1  ot' bailiw  iek>, 
rhou^dit  to  intuuluce  iron  tliaris,  in  a  I'eafoii  which 
h,ip|)ened  not  to  kiiully  as  ufu  il,  thev  imputed  the  tauie 
ot  It  fold)  to  the  change  ot  this  good  tool ;  fo  that  he 
wa.-torced  to  let  them  have  their  wooden  iliare^  again, 
tor  tear  of  an  inliiri  eetion. 

In  1404  V'ltoldu-s,  liuke  of  Lithuania,  gave  this 
coiiirry  to  the  Teutonic  knights;  but,  in  1408,  it  was 
taken  from  them  by  Uladillaus  JagJlo,  king  of  Po- 
land ;  alter  whole  death,  in  1446,  bv  a  treaty  with  Po- 
land, they  were  again  put  in  poUellion  ot  tie  duchv  : 
In  1525,  when  Albert  ot  Ihaiideiilnirg  was  made  he- 
reditarv  duke  of  I'rullia,  it  tell  to  the  iroviii  of  Po- 
land; but  It  was  almoti  ruined  in  the  Suedith  wars. 

The  ordinary  people  h  ,e  live  in  (ottages,  which 
Hand,  for  the  molt  part,  near  lakes  and  riV(  rs,  and  are 
< overeil  either  with  t!  ate  h  or  boatds.  Ihij  are  low, 
and  built  lonnwavs,  with  the  hearth  in  the  middle. 
They  have  but  mean  fiiiniture,  and  but  one  room  tor 
themfilves  and  cattle.  The  better  fort  drink  out  of 
horn  cups,  and  eat  oil"  of  wooden  |>latters.  Moll  of 
ti:e  iiiliai)itants  dill'er  little  in  manner-,  habit,  or  lan- 
guage, from  the  Lithuanians.  1  hough  CTirillianitv , 
which  was  lirll  preached  here  in  1200,  prevails  in 
many  |)laees,  vet  fonie  ot  them  Hill  rct.un  part  of  the 
old  Pagan  idolatry,  the  motl  ridiculous  of  any  in 
l!uio[)e,  efpecially  in  the  deferts,  where  they  worlhip  a 
four-footed  tcrpcnt,  by  the  name  of  (livotit.  About 
the  end  ot  October,  men,  women,  children,  and  t"er- 
vants,  meet  at  a  place  apiiointed,  where  a  cloth  being 
tp-rcd  upon  thaw,  feveral  loaves  are  let  in  due  m-der, 
and  bctvicen  everv  two  a  large  pot  of  beer:  then  heaths 
ofdivers  kinds,  both  male  and  female,  are  brouglit  in 
and  lacriticed;  alter  which  they  cut  otf  a  bit  troin 
everv  jari,  which  they  fcatter  about  the  room,  and 
then  eat  and  dunk  heartilv.  I'he  pealaius  of  this 
com  try  diller  but  little  trom  thi-.feot  Lithuania.  How- 
ever, they  have  the  foUoiviiig  peculiarities  worthy  of 
remark.  'Ihcy  arc  not  lo  laborious  as  the  Lithuanians, 
and  conl"ei]iiently  have  not  fuch  plenty  of  [irovilions, 
&;c.  theieloie,  inllead  of  bread,  they  iile  green  tuinips, 
as  large  as  a  man's  head,  which  grow  wild  without  IwW- 
iMg.  I  hey  have  a  peculiai  way  of  making  mead,  me- 
theglin,  and  beer,  by  iinciiching  feveral  red-hot  Hones 
No.  64 


\       N       I).  ;0I 

in  tliem  fiicce tllvdj ,  afici  it  ha-  been  l>.)d  il  .1  whole 
mghr,  in  oidir  to  nake  their  bellies  loluble.  Ihis 
drink  they  put  into  vctUl.'i  m.ide  of  the  bark  of  trce.i. 
They  rewaril  thofe  that  drink  hanl  with  prcfentsof  a 
truck,  lii'U,  handk  ichief,  ive.  They  live  tofoextra- 
oiilinar.  an  age,  that  it  is  no  rarity  to  lee  perfons  here 
100  or  120  vearsold.  Ihey  are.geiieialU  fpeakiiig, 
more  robutl,  bold,  and  nimble,  than  the  Lithuanians  j 
and  thev  plow,  low,  and  h.irrovv,  all  at  the  (ame  time  ; 
I'o  that  the  ground,  having  been  once  im()ioved  by 
burning,  will  be.ir  crops  (even  or  eight  \eai- together, 
without  dunging.  When  thev  burn  the  woods  on  the 
land-,  it' thev  meet  with  high  tree-,  thev  do  not  tut 
till  111  .iown,  but  onlv  prune  oil'  their  tide  l)ranches,  to 
let  in  the  riv  s  of  the  fun  upon  the  ground,  which  they 
pertoim  with  great  dexterity. 

Ill  the  time  ol  war  they  bury  their  corn  under- 
ground, in  re{)otitoiie.s  made  tor  ilutpurpofe;  previ- 
ous to  which  tliiv  I'moak  it,  whith  makes  the  corn 
keep  I'cveral  years. 

Tni-  province  has  three  feiiator-,  \  i/.  the  bill;op, 
tatlcllaii,  aiiit  llaroll. 

Rozi'in,  the  <  apital  of  this  province,  is  but  an  in- 
conlideral'le,  fm.ill,  and  ill  biiih  town. 

Midnuki-  rather  a  bettir  built  town  than  Ro/ion, 
and  is  the  fee  ot  .1  biihop,  luli'ragan  to  the  archbilliop  ol 
Cinefna. 

That  fiiiall  part  ot"  thi.s  province,  railed  Polilli  Li- 
vonia, is  of  very  little  importance,  and  contains  only 
one  p'ace  that  deferves  the  name  of  a  town,  vi/..  Dune- 
burg,  which  is  a  llroiig,  well  fortitied  plate,  lituated  on 
the  Dwina. 

Theduihyol  (.'01  ui.  vno,  called  by  the  inhabitants 
kur-Semmer,  is  a  large  track  ot  land  pro|ecting  intci 
the  tea.  The  length  is  :o:;,  and  the  greatell  breadth 
So  miles.  Main  parts  of  the  country  are  wood)',  and 
fome  I'wampy;  but  when  thofe  ("wamps  arc  drained, 
the  foil  rem.irkably  fertile,  and  vields  grain,  fla.x  ; 
palhire.  .  in  abundance.  This  duchy  is  likevvife 
well  fuppiied  with  tilh,  and  abounds  in  iron  ore,  mine- 
rals, ijuarrics  of  Ihme,  chalk,  llucco,  timber,  amber, 
\c.  with  which  the  inhabitants  trade  to  Riga,  Libaw, 
W'indaw,  NLiiiel,  ixc. 

Horles  and  cattle  are  very  plentiful  here:  and  one  of 
their  modes  of  agriculture  is  to  let  the  wa:er  remain 
upon  the  low  ground  tor  two  or  three  years,  and  then 
drain  it,  when  the  foil  is  found  to  be  exceedingly  cn- 
1  i(  hed. 

The  ellabliilied  religi.in  in  Coiirland  is  the  Luthe- 
ran. Otl'ti  fects,  in  general,  aie  tolerated,  but  exclu- 
ded from  holding  publii  emploiments. 

'I'he  nobility  are  ditlinguilhed  by  the  appellations  of 
old  and  new.     'I'he  former  only  are  jurmitted  to  enjoy 
ollices  ot  IhitC;  but  neuher  are  admitted  to  tit  in  the 
diet  ot   Poland.       Hoth,  howevcT,   have  an  unlimited 
power  over  their  wretched    tenants  and  vatl'als  which 
extends  even  to  lite  and  death.       The  duke  is  the  pa- 
tron ot"  fume   ot    the  cliurcl;es,   and   the  nobility   of 
others.       W  hen  thite  necellity  reipiires  thcnobilitv  arc 
obliged  to  api'ear  on  horfeback  properly  ariiieiL  but 
:  they  are  not  under  any  necctlity  to  inarch  bevoiid  the 
tronticrs.       The  duke  is  permitted  to  appear  in  all  the 
regalia  allowed  to  fovereign  princes  in  (Jerniany,  to 
I  coin  money  in  his  own  name,  i<:c.  but,  in  extraordinary 
i  cafes,  the  nohilitv  may  appeal  to  the  RulTian  court ;  this 
country  being  now  lubject  to  Riitlia,   He  keeps  a  court 
with  all  the  proper  othcer.'J  of  (late,  and  is  able,  w  ith  the 
;  aHillante  of  hi.-,  nobility,    to  railc  a  very  conlideiable 
army. 

In  the  vear  1 55S  Ketler,  the  lad  great  mailer  of  the 

Teutonic  knights,  was,  by  the  king  of  Poland,   made 

j  hereditary  duke  ot  Courland,  on  condition  of  his  quit- 

;  ting  Riga  and  Livonia,  and   holding  the  duchy  as  a 

licfofth.it  crown.  I  lis  dcfcendants  continued  in  (KilVef- 

lion  of  C'ourland  rill  t--\-,  when  the  tamily  being  ex- 

tiiic'l,  h\  the  ileath  of  herdinand,  the  lall  of  the  Ket- 

lers,  the  L'ourlanders  chofe  for  their  duke,  l'!nic(l  Count 

Biron,  a  native,  and  chamberlain  to  the  Czarina,  Anna 

^  P  Iwanowna 


l!,-(l 


^wW 


*,' 


i-f 


»0i  A  NFU.  KOY.M.  ^M'  A  U  HI  TNT  k'  SY>.rr.M  «>i   I  MIVl  Kr\l.  (IF.OCUAl'l  lY. 


, 


)    I 


l\i.\irn\:i  1 ;  anil  Ik  u.u  ai'icrwai\l'  iiuilU-,1  hv  tYv  km;; 
ot  I'lta.  .1.  Ill  17  V  5,  low  ever,  hv*  «  i>  li.milliod,  «itli 
:iil  111.  f.imilv,  tn  Silv  riv,  whi  rt'  lu'  i  oiuiinicil  foitu"  , 
M.ir  i  i-iit  at  It  ii;',i(i  «.!>  ifiiilli.l,  ..ivl  II  Mll.iti-.t  m  lii< 
I oHiJiirf  .iiul  iloiiiin  iiiis.  Dnrin  »ti< »!  Iff r:\ii'  Coiirl.iiul 
nis  I'ovii  n>  il  l)v  t 'iir  t>liu  ir>  el  IIi'a;  uIkti  puDd' 
t  h.iiliii,  1 1  ."".iMjiu.^  cj;  |iH);iii'  in  tin- tiin  .iv,  hv  iiuan-. 
el  liiN  l.\,hr,  t";i  kim;  of  I'ol.iiul,  nil  il-.r  i  li;iii}.;c  in  tlu- 
(■iiir."t;i)ty  dI  Uiiil'i.i  uMij^ut  hiin  U)  i-v.uiiatc  it.  I'hc 
ilikc  liiroii  Ji^L'.Ivju:  t!u  \cmi-  i77:,aiul  m.h  fiMCCvivii 
Iv  h\'.  Inn. 

Till"  jiivlf^i's  hiTc  ;iri'  lour  iip'.nn-  or  fiijnrint'.niiairs 
M,'.  motor  t'oiirian.l,  prop    n  l'>c  illcil,  .uul  iwo  lor 
.•liiniL; ill  a  ;  Iwt  troin  ih  t'l'  :\n  .!;'|hmI  lits  ui  tin-  hii;h    1 
riuini  il,  m   \\'>:vh  t'lf  ilA.j  m  (.Tt'in   pr^'iij.  s  1  aa  I    I 
I  un  li'  111  thi>  courail  a  Ivii-n.i  appt-al  inav  I'l-  m.uli  to 
tl-.c  i^fvcrnment  ct'  K'.illii,  it  the  imIV  1^  lut'i  i.-ntlv  iiii- 
p  11  UK  i    .;!i.l    ilijHitci,     hit'Accn    tho  tii.ut^'    .i:ul    his 
nohlc.>,  .lie  licciilui  on!v  by  ihi' iniprili  cf"  U'.iili.i  in    ' 
j'tTlon, 

I'.viry  two  years  .1  .lii'T  i>  'xl  1  .it  Mif.iv.',   to  \>l-,ii.Ii    i 
ii'prc'VnritiviN  ar  •  I",  nt  t"r  -m  cM-r,  ])aii!ii. 

'I'liis  iliifjiy  bi'iMi'f.i  into  Courl.iml  I'ropcr,  on  t'lc 
v.iMl  lij.f,  an>l  Simi.j'iiI  a  on  tlii'  iviil  liilc  of  thcri\cr  ',. 
.Miiliii !  an<i  c.cl' ill  iliofc- i".'o  tu.i  .n  t.imlups.  i| 

'i  Ik- lirft  c  M'  •111!.!,)  "I  C'liula;!.}  I'mptr  is  (Joldiii-  | 
;%'n,  lo  !  ...ii  ..  :V  .M  ;.  ii:-t  lo.\:i,  ■..  :..i.li  v.m  t";)riiicrly 
(.r-.c  .lit  -■  !  I.mli'.  I  .i.i'uK  on  Im.-  i  ivi  r  W'ctaw,  wiiitli 
t.;'I,  I",'  .  [rx  !  ,',.;.  4 -J  i.i;!,-;  ..!l,  .;  ,il  is  70  i'nit';-«  i;! 
if.ir.i  ...r;!.  1^  I"  1;  ("•:>•!  !.r,'.)l  .it  prcli'ir,  l)iit  t'^r 
Its  i.ii,;!.-  nirilvii..iu.;i,  till).  _  ;i  r.  is  a..oiiK\l  wuJi  a  \i.rv 

i'-r  r.i'tl  ■.  "  '      ; 

Wiuli.i,  rail,  .ll'v  tlK'   i:i;- -,h  t,int>  KijIV,   ha'h   an    ] 
liiil)i;iir  I'ta;  the  r.ni'h  ot  the  Ha't  i'.      It  is  ri\  kon  il     ' 
ill'  (.apit  il  tity  til  a  [i.;l;;r,;:  ;;c  ut'tiK'  lame  nana-,  ha:,  a    ! 
latllc,  l.uniiily  t!-.c  icliticn.v'  ol'  the  l.uoiiiin  kni   li''-, 
a-i'l  the  place  where   the  iL.tes  o!  Courlaixl  l.eki  I'nir 
a'llnihiie-,   vhiih   inaiie    it   popuk^iis;  liu;  it  i.  ivnv 
mil  h  il.i'.r  eJ,  In  im;  unly  !,.j  p.;ri.ii  liy  IniiKiini;  ihips 
ll-r  ::'e  i!:;ke,  a'.ii  h\   lt^  tr.uk-  in  pitch,   tar,  m.ix,  i\c. 
i\\\  r:,-  i  Iroiii  it. 

l.:.-..r.'.  l-.;;-s  a  po;),!  rcu!  and  liarlioiir,  where  loinc  ol' 
th.'  d  ,Le  I'L  C''n.;:a;,,r..  lli;;-  :■.:■■:  alio  In. ilt,  and  |;o;IeHVs 
the  t-re.iteli  tr.ide  ot'ani  i  l' I...-,  t  iwi..-..  i 

i:\  •  \  or  JMte.-,,  ;.>  a  i\s:.;-:c...le,  as  wtli  as  the  feat  of 
.1    ;i;:h -p  .  t  C  onria:'.!*,  ■ahi'!.    i-tntrc,  hcin'.;    protelt-  ; 
.iMis,  pi.:i   tleiiirtKe ,  toiine:!\  uikIlt  the   king  of  Fo-  i 
1 ' 'l' ■  pr.c  - . '  i;m;    !■,:■   i:.i  iii-  i  nde  iNdurinn  to  force  a  ' 
I'dfjMi-i  iir.:U)[>  iipon  tneiii,  they  fuhniutid  "to  the  duke 
.,t  L'c'Ui'a.ivl,  .ir.d  are  :h;  iiiiiell  ge.itry  in  iiis  doiiii- 

'1  '.'.  c.ip-  'i.i>'  1,;  .:i  Tu'  !•  ':ni  is  fo  la'.led  fiMtii  iischid" 
r.  V.  :i,  w,  ;•  li  :,  ..■(■11    •'  miles  call  of  Ci.klingin. 

h:,-.iii;i!!;.i_  -li-ijiafu  n  J;vilionot  L'ourland.  .\Iittaw,  ■: 
on  the  rr.i  ;■  .Ni.iiia,  :  ?.  imlcs  fo.ith  ol  Riga,  ii  the  capi-    ! 
t.d  (■!  <'>\\-.  Jivi.io;i,  a  i>i,  r;decd,  of  the  whi.le  diich\,  as     ■ 
v.ili  .IS  :hc  leac  and  biM  cil  place  of  its  dukes,  who  have 
a  i;.i;::iuliccii'.  i. ;..!.■,  v.;  leh  is  fortilied  by  two  ballions,  ' 
f  ic.-.nip'i'.-i!  >.  M.'.ri'.e-,  and  lias  alwavs  a  flro.",..';  gar-    ' 
r'l.n.      i  ht  tic.vn  1.,  alfo  will  foiiifnd,  il-.oipjh  nuanly 
>■<■■■'•■■    <■'■■■-   '■•■  :!.'     iKingpart  ;,  olbrick.p.irtl!  (  ftiniiier,    1 
:;-i  1  ,.•..  J  ■■•■.  III!  .lJ  m.iterials.     li  is  large,  and  tlie  feat   ,; 
''f  ;    e  V  ■':     «..  .-.v.  d'.ithy.      It  was  fevcral    time-,  taken  ' 
1).  iiu  .■■.vL. •.,-.;  .rlicularly  by  (jullavhs  Adolplius   in 
!'■:  ,    ■.  id  .1  .,  .  ,n    1701,  and  alio  by  the  R'nlians  in 
f'  ".  '  •■'  ..>"lAn  rtcovered.    The  Aa  r;ve;-,  on  which 
il-e  ..a  ;  .;  1'  .1. ::  .  paiie.^  by  this  city  to  the  Dwina,  with  ], 
■■  di.-;.i_:.  ;.:    .\v.:iRn  ir.ight  l>e  navigable,  if  the  pi.-oj.le 
'  ■   1-     '■'•■'        •'•■'  tiuiruwii  mteiell,  el.oaked  up  the 
ii.'j.iiii  '111. 

1  in,  U1-. -. '  I  Mittaw  ii  notvervan.  lent,  being  fousKl- 

\  !/  .-.  |;ri\;tj  gLr.tlenun  oi  Coiirland,  m 'the  year 
!.;:■  .  i.  '  cc  pics  at  It.iil  as  much  ground  as  l-'.'.ga,  j 
:•!:!,  a-  ',•,•-■  i!i-.e  s  are  more  fpaci-nis,  a'nd  the  bull. lings  ' 
IM,  .V  1,  ..:;eied,  it  cannot  properly  be  regarded  as  cpial 
i';  ,;•■(.  .Mi.li  oi  the  lioufe^iare  <fw()()d,and  \\.i\-  m-an  1 
in  ::..  r  appcaiarce.  It  is  badly  paved  ;  .md,  uhuh  is  ; 
Nciy  li'.gular,  t!::  iiublefTc  havcoppulul  and  puAMited   ' 


f  I 


the  duke's  iMtiiiiion  to  repair  thi^  ilifwi.t,  lronimotivc< 
ol  ia|>ii(e  and  oMlinaey. 

I'a'dkei-  another  llron^  town  en  tiie  river  MiiUli,  or 
Mull.i,  withiu.illle  built  on  a  ro>  k,  v^luiii  hai  it  larpe 
giriili>n.  It  v.ut.ikm  b\  the  Sweiles  in  1701,  wit.*! 
the  King  of  I'llm.l's  m.iga/iiu-,  \almil  at  <,x),ooo 
crowM'.  J  Mh\  h<'  i\  m.indeit  ho, 0.10  iVom  theilm  hv,  bo- 
lide. \  ill  oiiatiitt;  s  (  f  piovihons.  In  i-o,  the  C.'/.ir 
fuipn/ed  ih  town  !>y  lliaiagem,  and  force^ltlK- Swiililli 
;.Mnilln  in  the  calUc  to  finrcn  ler,  jiitl  utter  a  vLlorv  he 
hill  obtiii'Cil  o\er  tluvr  ne.ir  Miiiirciulort,  in  this  du- 
chy. The  .'<«iiles  re[  ollltlul  it,  but  ipnitikl  it,  with 
the  whole  duchv,  m  1704,  after  levy  mj',  great  liims 
lium  the  inl'.al'itai'ts. 

I  his  ducl.y  was  an  exact  lefeiiibliii'  p  of  Poland  in 
iiiiniatiire  ;  the  fame  ar  lloiiai\,  the  fame  turl)uleM(  i, 
the  O.mc  political  eviK  esilteil  in  both.  I'oland  w.is 
full  dilmeiiibercd  ind  divided, C'mirlaiid  alierAards  in- 
vclUd  ifn  one  lide  by  I'mllia,  bet. vein  wliuh  .nnd  the 
tmpire  of  Uiiiria,  thi'.  little  inovince  ll.arid  the  fate  if 
its  leiid.d  p.ircMt,  fnuii  the  ambtion  and  avility  of 
afpiring  cionardu.  'I'hc  rii'.hts  ol  humanity,  of  lultice, 
and  ol  iilieity,  have  been  fo  trample.!  on  and  delpile.i 
in  the  pani  im  of  Ci  laiui,  iliat  no  fuiiirc  a. lien,  cf  a  ti- 
milar  iiaiiire,  i  .ii  firpri-.e,  in  the  pr>.fc.;t  age.  'I  he  duke 
i.^  a  loNcrof  l,;r;is,  .in.l  has  nolil,  immdet  an  a  ■adeni/ 
in  .Mitt.iw,  winch  is  now  lompUateil,  .mil  v\here  j;ro- 
teller^  .'.re  iiueriamcd,  at  his  ov. n  evpen'  .-,  i  irihc  in- 
Ih'iKiio.i  ol  the  voiing  iiobilin  am!  jcrlonsol  oniiitina 
mthed.i.  hy.  I'l.  .  u  a  very  lii.liM.-  t.)  n  lation,  and 
.toes  hull  g:ea:  honour. 

'I  ne  prii,..-.cc  ol  W'l"  >•  1  •,  (ir  tlic  dm  Ir,'  oi  \\'.\k- 
s\v,  i>  the  i.ndl  (  onlider.iMi,  pin  of  the  kin,;  i. I  Po- 
land's ilonii:',;i,ni,  l\i  ;  ■,  tiic  regal  reiidonce,  .i':d  tin; 
par:  where  I'v.^  moll  conliderab'e  ot  the  n;)I-iii;y  rf- 
liJe.  Il  I-.  ah,  ,1;  1 .  ■)  luiles  in  Irivth,  l-'ini  li,>.;:!i-well 
to  no;tii»a;i,  .i;i,i  aln  ii*  yj  in  brea.lih.  il  \\.x .  tiie  be- 
nefit of  l.-.^ral  n.i.igabie  rivers,  elpci  iilly  the  WeiHel, 
will,  h  riins  tl,i\.iigh  the  foiith  pin  ;  and  the  Hog,  which 
[lall.s  quae  acrl>l^  Iriim  call  to  well.  Il'.f  countiv  u 
pl.iin  ami  Iriiitful,  xieiv'ing  pleiuv  ot  corn,  cattle,  iilli, 
aiiti  lowl.  h  w.is  l.-niierly  governed  bv  pi  in  esof  us  ow  n, 
bur,  in  15:'),  led  to  the  king  of  rolaiui.  It  ii  divided 
into  three  pila:i:ia:es,  of  which  .\lilovia  Proper  is  fub- 
ject:  to  the  bilho;)  <.,{  i'ofen,  and  Ik'.s  eight  fenators. 

I'he  capital  ol  .Mafovi.i  is  Warl'aw,  which  li  a  large, 
himlfome,  pop.ilous,  trading  i  it. ,  dck  i-.dcd  bv  a  doulde 
w.dl  and  dllcli.  Tl;e  kings  ol  I'oland  iifualK  k'ep  their 
court  iiere,  in  a  noble  kir^'C  K|iiaic  j>alacc,  biiilt  b. 
.Sigiliiuiiul  Ml.  .md  beautified  by  his  liii  cel!'or.^  i  an  I 
thegrantl  diets  oiihe  kingdom  have  their  fcliions  here. 
1  he  city  is  ilivi.led  into  fiiur  part.,  vi/..  the  okl  .uul 
new  towns,  the  fubirbs  of  (..'racow,  :ind  rlie  Ih.it';. 
The  chief  church,  dedicated  to  St.  John  the  liaptili, 
is  very  fine;  as  are  the  arfen.il,  the  catlle,  iliiniaik\i 
jilacc,  anelotl-.cr  public  buil.iiiii'i.  i  here  is  a  wonelen 
bridge  of  e\  illeiu  workmanlliip  om  r  the  river  j  ami 
bevond  it  the  king's  palaee,  call.d  Vi  ildovv,  w  lure  ilv.- 
g'cner.d  eliet  imers  It  wa\  built  by  LiadilLuii  \  ii. 
andi  Ihinds  amidd  delicate  garden's  and  groves ;  an  i  tvit 
tar  (mm  it,  i:i  tiie  fubiub  called  Cracow,  there  is  .1 
liinll  chapel,  erected  by  the  kmg  ol  P.ilan  i,  in  token 
ora  V  ittory  gained  over  the  Moicov  itcs ;  wiieiein  ivale- 
pulchral  mintiment  ol  Denieiriiis  Siiil  I'liis,  gt'.Mt  ih.ke 
ot  Mclcov,,  whi),  being  tak:  11  j  rifoncr,  die.i  a  ca  iiivi- 
in  i'oland.' 

(iotids  are  br.',;ght  to  this  city  hv  t'-'c  neiiihiv-'Ting 
rivers,  and  lent  lioio  hence  to  I  lain/., 1  k.  'i  He  k.ng  ot 
.Suetieii  too.k  p^oHellioii  of  thisi  iry  in  i;~>),  ptit  n  gii- 
rilon  into  the  ealtle  ne,\t  \  e.ir,  whi-n  he  den-.a'i  led  :  ;3.i 
tl'inni  a  week  lor  thiir  lliblilfeiice  :  hut ,  in  17CC),  kiiii; 
AugulKisiccovcretlboth  thetownand  ca  lie.  Thjto.vn 
paid  him  50,000  ri.xdollars  to  be  cxcnci'id  I'iimii  phin- 
ilcr.  In  i-oj  th"  Sweiles  ilel'trtcl  the  .'saxon  and  Li- 
thuanians near  tiii^  city,  whe'i  ih  •  Savf>n  generid  Pa'- 
kill  W.1S  taken  iirillmer ;  an.l  iv.-.M  ye;;r  Stanitkuis,  king 
AuguUui's  rival,  \\d,  iro.vned  e.t  re  with  his  ipatci. 
In  1707  the  .Moll  ovitv>  phindeieil  the  pala'.  ;s  an'J  gar- 

d.-n, 


,  trummolivf* 

riMi  Miill",i,  or 
ti  li  li.u  A  l.ir)s- 
in  1701,  wiih 
111  at  (X>,ooo 
ihcilm  hy,  Ik'- 
i-oy  tin-  l.'/.ir 
•i«ltIii.'S\\iililli 
ti'r  .1  Mvlorv  lu" 
)rf,  III  thuilii- 
iiitiil  It,  with 
H')  t^ '"'■'•''    I'll"'* 

e  1)1  I'ol.m.!  in 
imtiirl)uli'M(  I, 
I.  I'olanil  v\.ii 
lalU'inaids  in- 
whiih  aii.l  il.>- 
ami  the  ta!i-  '  t 
■iiul  ilM'ltV  ol 
lUiv,  ot  niltii'i', 
i;i  ami  ild'jiilc  I 
•aJii'n.cf  a  li- 
ta_;f.  'llKilukf 
!c.l  an  n'.'aJ>:i</ 
mil  «!u'r..'  I'.ro- 
H'  •-•,  i  ir  (lie  in- 
ms  ol  t  Miulitinii 
1  :i  !  i:!):i,  anJ 

huhv  of  Wak- 
lic  lin.,'  Ill    I'l)- 
icncr,  A'y\  tliL" 
he  iv.»l>i:i;y  ri'- 
1'nni  li)'.;:!i-w  fll 
iiha.  thcbc- 
lUy  iliL-  W.ilil'l, 
I  the  DiH',  which 
The  iDiintiy  m 
irn,  cattl;-,  iilli, 
in  iM'l  Its  own, 
li  ii  ih>  uicil 
I  Proper  is  liib- 
t  I'cpators. 
lit  h  li  .1  l.w/x, 
li-.l  by  a  ilouhK- 
iialli  k'x\)  rhi-ir 
alacc,    l-i;;lt    b.- 
Ill  I  I'llors ;    a!i  \ 
r  li  liioiis  htio. 
the   ok!   aiul 
>ii,l   the    IV. ,!;•;. 
:i:i  tlic  ri.iptiii, 
Ic,    I  111-  ni.iiki  I 
re  i.>  a  u (Hiilen 
rlie  rivi r  j  aiul 
w  ,  w  h(  rf  ih-,- 
LiaiiilLuii  \  il. 
|-  )Vfs :  an  1  nit 
lu ,   th(.ri-  IS  .1 
Ian  1,  in  token 
w  lu'iein  Is  :\  le- 
ns, ^;r',Mt  ii:.!-.e 
die  1  a  ri.iavi' 

nvitihlvo'rin;; 
'i  iv  k:iv,;  (.1 

-);,  jiiit  a  ;.,ii- 
ien-..i"i  Iril   ;  ;  3.1 

in  I  ".-''),  kl;ii-, 
l!e.  Thjto.wi 
vtil  hi.'in  rliin  - 

>axt'n  a;ul  l.i- 

>'i  leneral  I'a'- 
S!a!i:lluis,  kin;^ 
,\  nil   his  ijuec  I. 

il  r,  :•;  and  <^ar- 


liens  I'f  t^^•  kiiV'.inil  nobility  lirrr,  ami  f(  :t  the  lb- 
tui-s,  A:« .   'i»  M'  fi  o'.v.     Ni'xi  viMr  a  [ila'iic  i  \yrA  h<  rt-, 
t' at  lar.uil  oil   'aft  inmibets;  aiul  a   liie  lioke  laii,  [ 
tthi'-li  I'on.  inneii  b'.iiii  iii^  nine  ilays,  an  i  aliii'ill  reiim  cd   1 
t\\:-  whole  t  ity  lo  .ilhci.     in   1    1 ;  kin.;  Aii^illus  re-  j 
liirne.l  lull, tr,  andiielila  jjeneral  ilict,  w  hith  rem  kniivv- 
liilf.'jiil  Ins  title  ;  and  in  I /I  <;  hi' onkii-d  this  i  iry  to  he  I 
let.  Ii.il  with  in:reiu  hiiieiits  to  [ireveiu  riir|in/e  b)  thi' 
bwcdts,  and  their  •onlulcrati's. 

A  I'len  il  wiit'T  lavs,  heolil'eiMd  tin-  I'  me  p  ilitc- 
nel»  heie  as  at  I'.ti.m  ih.it  the  k'lif'  in  iiniain- a  k:  ot' 
I  rciii  li  eoiiKili.ins,  and  treqiuntly  i;i\ei  ball .  and  ion- 
icrts,  wuh  nob!'  tealts,  lor  ihe  eiiieriainiiii  nt  cil  the 
ni'bihtv  .  and  tiuit  the  l.ulies,  iljieiiall) ,  aie  p.ilhonate- 
ly  lonil  ot  iinitii  and  plays  J  arc  \er\  ainiible,  witty, 
aiul  rpiii^litly  ;  and  have  .1  moll  delie.itc  talli  tor  every  ' 
th:n;;  ilut  palii.;  iiiukr  tl  e  name  of  divcrlion. 

Abo.it  hail  a  lea!;iie  trom  thi<  rity,  pi'.ir  the  villai^c 
ot  \Noi|,  there  is  a  plain,  wh.rc  the  nol  les  met,  aiui 
cncam|)  in  rent.s,  lor  the  election  ot  a  kini',:  and  about  a 
Itai'.iie  Ir.im  tlieiity  there  i>a.()lier  (.i.ue,  that  was 
bnik  bv  kiii^  John  bobiellsi,  w:ih  the  name  ol  Villa 
N.va.  ■ 

(J/.rll\'),  or  C'/.elloehou,  |.  a  I'lmll  eit\,  the  rapiial 
of  Its  pd.i'inale,  and  deemed  liic  llre;ii.'.ell  e.ry  m  thu 
pir:  ot  the  country,  i'  havin^^a  loiiri  !■,  wherein  s  kept 
tna:  rich  tieafnre  called  tta*  \'ii;.',m'.s  1  aii.l  the  no- 
bilitv  Ici  !  their  [v'.\  rtVe.:l.'>  hith-r  m  time  if  w.n-.  It 
v.as  l).i'i;vd,  in  v.ii'i,  by  Charles  Cniitivr,  kin;;  of 
SwedLii. 

'I'tier.'are  throe  othrr  town-  in  ■'^is  pala;;nare j  one 
<>!  whi.  Il  oiil.  il:l'ii\es  ii.iti  e,  vr/..  I'ultovia,  bemu;  the 
r.iid.n.e  ir.  ?!u'  bilhop  .  t  I'olo^/.ko.  The  town  is  wall- 
ed and  \<\l\  b.idt,  Willi  llat.ly  p  ,n!,c  ediliees,  an  i  a 
til  on;;  c.ille. 

Tl'.e  ehut' plves  in  iIic  pro'.in  rof  Pulacmia,  are 
AuL^ull  uv,  a  hatuUome  tovvn  on  a  lake,  founded  an  1 
n.im.d,  Moin  kin;;  S;f.;irmiind,  Aiimilt'.ne. 

liule/.,  a  lar;.;e  town  on  the  river  H.el.i,  where  tlie 
jews  carry  on  a  j^icat  trade. 

Is.al.l'Kek,  alinilltown,  nf  whi<!i  f;reat  part  was 
ilidimid  by  tiro  m  the  year  1  "s  (.  In  the  neiu'hhoar- 
hood  Is  a  verv  tine  I  at  and  gardens,  lnloni;i:i  ;  tn  the 
hoiiiiki  i.'.niilj . 

'I'yko.M  is  a  conlidera'ile  town,   with  a  haiidf'umc 
caOie,  0.1  the  I  i>er  ^.arew. 
Aiicil'/.s    II.    k.:i-  (,l    J'ola 
ihe  \^  hi:c  l'!i;;le,' 

I'h;  paiatina.c  of  Po;  isia  is  ov/ri^rown  with  wnoib, 
and  <.'■:.^  nii.iy  lakes  and  poo.s.  it  ha.s  two  iVaat  irs, 
ihe  \i.<'  iMiK  a."iiealit!l  ;n. 

brief  1.1,  the  eaiJit.d,  is  fortin.-.i  with  a  e.illl^-,  h;i:it 
on  a  rnJ,,  ind  w  ili.ed  bv  the  river  Mnchavtrz.  Merc 
is  anaeuleniy,  the  molt  ianuv.i;  inl'uione  lor  Jew.-,, 
wlo  n't.jiien:  it  t'rcm  It.ile,  (jenrany,  Moravia, Silelia, 
«s:(  .  a:i,i  I  ke  de';ui-.  Wiil.orit  tiie  citv  there  i.i  a 
rA.iJ  [  .il.i,.e  ol  mojcrn  arcl'/teeliirc,  withv.iricty  of 
pie  li'iM  p,.irders. 

I'lidl.o  i  i  a  [iictiv  larire  town.  'IT.e  inhabitants  arc 
very  indiiltnoiis,  mike  leveral  tralinr;  |ournies  into 
K'.illia  iind  (ieini-'.hy,  ;ind  are  fvencrally  of  the  ("ireek 
|err..Mi]Mn,  tiiere  I  eini^;  a  bilhoj)  of  that  feet  relidint 
diiioinr  tl-.eni.  'i  hi.i;  to,-,  n  has  fiidcred  much  b\  the  ra- 
\aj;es  oi";he  CoHaek-. 

Hiala  is  t.iii.ed  to;  a  pnlacc  belon;,;in!;  to  prince  Rad- 
n:\i:,  vhi.li  ;s  I'.OA  a  ( 1;  mnaliuni,  or  college  for  tiie 
inltniction  ot  youth. 

K:  0  l\i  ,i  i.v  Is  lUMV  I  So  Hides  in  K'li^tli,  and  iip- 
vaids  of  ICO  in  breadth,  terdle  in  fome  part-  but 
inoiinlainou'!  inolhe;-,  and,  in  ;-eneial,  well  watered 
t!'r;ni",h  tiie  who!-.'. 

Red  iiciiia  is  liivided  ir,;o  tlircc  [vaiatinutes,  viz.  Leni- 
beiii;,  Chelm,  and  Vr\,:. 

'1  ..e  palatinate  01  l.en'.beii;  has  ni.K  fenators. 

I.eii.eiivr,  or  I  c'ljv  !  i,  the  capr.al,  is  a  lar;:;c  opulent 

city,  t:tpati.d  amtm;;  hills  on  the  river  1'elrew."     It  is  the 

lee  ot  ah  .-.rchbiri.  >;),  wl.o  is  il  -emed  bi^th  a  fiiiritual  and 

teirj-o.alli  rJ.  IbLsciCy  i^.  iai:.'e,  v,  Jl  built  a.ld  lortilied, 


.\     N     I). 


t>^ 


In   1  -  : :,  in  tiii'.  ti.u  n, 
,  in;liti::eil   the  cr.ler  ol 


having  two  ciif^lc*, one  within  the  v, alls  and  one  with' 
II  ,t,  on  a  liliiij,'  (.;r..und,  th.it  commands  the  town* 
both  which,  to;  ttiier  with  the  city,  were  founded  bv 
I. CO,  duke  of  Riillia,  aboiit  anno  ijSy.  The  <  hiinhcn 
are  generally  f.iir  anil  will  built,  and  abound  with  cod- 
ly  orn.imen;;.  H.  re  is  an  acadeni'. ,  fupplic.i  bv  pro- 
fctlirs  fioin  that  of  Lracow,  where  learned  men  aie 
much  cm ouraj^cd.  'Ihe  Armenian  (atholus  hcie 
are  wholly  (j,o\erned  by  their  own  piel.ite.  Thiy 
enjoy  jrreat  priMlej;es,  onacioint  of  lie  confider.ib'e 
comirejc*  they  m.iintain  with  the  Pcrii,in.  and  other 
ealh'rn  nations.  'I'liev  aie  not  onlypio^id.  d  wi:h  lilh 
tor 'lieir  own  conliimption,  liom  the  nun.  ports  be- 
li,n>:injr  to  it,  and  tiom  the  neighbouriiiL;  rivets,  but 
fall  ;;re.it  i|ii.'ntitics  tin-  c \j  i.rt  '.t'on.  HarbcU  arc  lakcn 
in  I'reat  numbets  in  Roxolani.i.  I  lire  is  kept  a  very 
taiiious  winter  l.ur,  to  wh  i !i  the  nuM;..^arian,  Molda- 
vian, and 'I'urkiih  merchants  retort  in  !;reat  ninnbeis. 
Jav.irow  IS  taiiiou..  tor  a  natural  bath,  whol'e  vir- 
tuis  arc  delenbed  by  u  Politli  phylician,  named  Sixtiis 

I  .CO. 

I'.\'mitlaw  is  a  populous,  pleafinr,  tra.linj';,  well 
built  city,  and  an  cpileopal  fee,  on  the  1  ivir  .Saa,  « 5 
miiti  wed  tiom  Leiiiliertr.  J'he  Kullians  have  a 
billio])  here,  an,l  the  Jeli.it.  Irul  a  (iille^e.  The  citv 
IS  delended  by  j.'ood  Ifionj;  wall-,  and  a  calile  built  0:1 
a  rock  on  the  other  tide  of  the  river.  It  his  I'everal 
famous  yeai  ly  l.iirs.  The  kinj^  has  a  verv  fosciosis  park 
near  it,  fu'l  of  all  kinds  ot  wild  bcalls,  'and  llronj^ly 
wailed  m,  that  th  y  mi\  ilo  no  mifchief.  The  counti  v 
abounds  with  ealUes,  to  kecji  oil"  the  Ti  rks  and  Tar- 
tars, the  chief  of  which  is  l,;id  to  be  that  f;',lled  Craliiei, 
built  en  the  river  Sia. 

J  111, daw  is  delended  by  a  caflle,  a:'.d  f.imed  for  ,i 
fair  on  LaJy-dr.  the  moll  fimous  in  Poland,  f]-,'- 
quiii;ed  by  meieliants,  wi;h  their  ^no.ls,  from  Pel li.i, 
('inlhiiitinople,  V'eni.c,  Rullii,  and  Hill.ind.  'I'luie 
areuf'iall)  tir. night  hither  at  tl  at  time,  400,030  bkuk 
cattle,  and  200,000  horl'es.  There  is  a  colle  ',e  h^re, 
and  without  the  loan  a  tlately  niinnen'. 

Uel'o\ia  has  a  llron;^  ealHc,  an  annual  fiiir,  and  a 
lin-ii  m.ri'da^tory,  c.irried  on  by  the  del'eendmti  of 
the  Ci  rnian,  whom  L'a'.iniir  the  CJre.it  took  pril'oner  , 
and  lettlel  here  to  nian:'.g"  it. 

I  ■11.  ur  his  a  tiro  1^  ca'.lle,  and  feve.a!  mvniiicen: 
chincl'.LS. 

'The  l'oiith-ca(l  part  of  Red  Rullia  is  called  Pocutia 
or  ihedillriet  of  llalicz. 

i  Tilicz  was  once  the  m«tro]ioli3  of  a  kingdom,  then 

the  c.ipital  ot  a  duke,  and  afterwards  tlie  I'ee  of  an 

I  arehbilhop.      Now   it  is  !;r..-atly  f.iilen  from  its  ancient 

fplendor,  thou  .',h  it  is  tVill  a  I.iri;e  town.     'The  cail'e  is 

I   llroii;.,',  the  houfe:,  are  of  wood,  an. I  the  inhabit.mts  are 

i   riiiKirk.ibly  clo-i  n;(h. 

Coloni  IS  ,1  town  on  the  river  Prut,  much  t'renuciu.d 
on  account  ot  th.-  line  I'.ilt,  witii  wliieh  ii  f.nnidies  all 
'he  rcll  of  Reil  Rullia  and  Lithuania,  there  bcinj;  manv 
l'l)rin';s  here,  aid  none  at  all  in  thefe  provinces,  ccccpt 
only  in  the  dillrict  of  Pivm. 'daw. 

Crofiia  is  the  llapie  of  Hungary,  whoTe  wines,  and 
other  merchandi/e,  are  broii{;ht  liirner,  and  difpofevl 
of  at  thefe  fairs,  which  are  more  frcipiented  than  tluMe 
of  iheir  neii^libouiliood. 

Sniatyn  had  formerly  fairs,  but  has  lin-e  much  de- 
clined. 

'The  palatinate  of  C'helni  cont.iins  the  town  of  C'hclm, 
from  which  it  receive;  its  name.  It  is  the  fee  of  a  bi- 
(liop,  fhou;.;h  not  the  reiident  c. 

Krafnollow  has  a  court  of  judirarure,  and  is  the  re. 
lidence  ofihcbilliop  ofCihclm,  and  of  a  fhirolla. 

'The  pal.uiniie  ot  Helz  contains  Jlorolla,  where  a 
provincial  diet  and  court  of  indicature  are  held,  and  a 
dai'o'da  relidcs. 

Rava  is  a  fmall  town,  where  kinj;  .AiKTiifiis  enter- 
tained the  czar  Peter  the  Great,  in  the  uar  K.uJi,  for 
iliree  d.ivs  fucccirucly. 

Hel/el  is  a  conlidcrable  tovvn,  f.om  which  tlie  ['ala- 

tinate  reciives  Us  name-.        1  lere  a  jxu.iinie,  c.dlellan, 

1  and 


f 


iil;!  ^m 


ANKW.  ROVAI,,  AND  AUrillMlC  .SYSIl.Moi    UMVKRSAL  CI  ()(;RAI'I  IV. 


704 

ami  ft.uofta  rIkIi.-  ;  and  a  pro\inci.il  diet  ami  a  court  ot 

jiiJuature  arc  held. 

/.iniollii  IN  a  town  Hioni;ly  fortiTicd,  has  many  toii- 
luiLTablt  privileges,  contains  a  chaniahlc  louiiuation 
called  Mons-1'ictaiis,  and  fevcral  chun  hcs,  and  was 
oriii;inallv  I'oinidcl  liy  the  celebrated  /ainolki,  great 
.hancellor  of  I'oland,  in  a  very  pleafant  plain  on  the 
I)anks  ot'  the  \  cine. 

The  principal  pl.ices  of  the  province  ol  Ponoi  1  \  are 
the  tol lowing  : 

The  city  of  Caniin'rc  Podoliki,  the  capital,  is  a  po- 
piilou-,  well  Iniilt  city,  lurrounded  with  high  rucks, 
belidcs  bung  foriilicd  with  walls,  a  deep,  broad,  and 
iKep  ditch,  tilled  with  water  l)y  the  river  which  fiir- 
rr)und>  11,  and  by  a  very  llrong  callle;  To  that  it  is  the 
nrongcll  pl.ice  on  this  lide,  and  iifed  to  be  leckoneil 
one  til  the  kes.>  of  I'olimi.  In  the  reign  of  king  .Si- 
giiinund  111.  it  w.i^  taken  by  the  L'olficks.  h  has 
been  attacked  fevcral  tinus  bv  the  \V.il.uhian>,  Turks, 
and  'I'an.irs.  In  lom^  it  fullered  much  by  fire;  and 
in  1(172  was  taken  In  the  I'urks,  who  kept  polilliion 
of  it,  and  thereby  often  made  inro.Ki.s  into  I'oland,  and 
tarried  away  vail  numbers  of  captives,  till  it  was  agreed 
to  be  rurrendered  by  the  pjace  at  Carlowitz,  in  the 
vcar  Uh»o,  and  e\acuatcd  next  Ipring  to  the  Poles, 
when  the  die;  refolved,  that  this  town  and  Podolia 
Ihould  he  free  (rom  taxes  for  10  yiars.  It  is  the  lee 
ot  two  billiops,  one  a  I'apilV,  the  other  an  .Armenian, 
'I'he  Cireeks  ot  I'odoiia  pleaded  to  be  rellored  to  their 
churches,  liut  weie  denied. 

'Ihe  Lower  Podolia.  which  is  the  eaft  part,  and  alfo 
called  the  pal.":;nate  ot  Hraclaw,  from  its  chief  town  on 
the  river  Hog,  was  taken  b\  the  Turk-,  in  i()7:,  but 
lellored  by  the  treaty  above  mentioned  in  idiyiy. 

W'innicza  has  a  court  ot  jullice  and  a  college. 

Human  was  belieged  and  taken  in  I'rj,  l^y  I'lc 
Tuil.s,  who  committed  great  barb,inties  here,  con- 
trary to  the  capitulation,  ravilhed  the  lair  lex,  murdered 
the  old  peoi'le  an,l  young  children,  and  earned  into 
llavcry  all  that  were  able  to  walk. 

The  province  of  Voiainia  is  divided  into  the  Up- 
per and  Lower  Paint inares/ 

Thu  Upper,  which  is  alfo  called  the  i)alatinatc  of 
Lufuc,  or  Lucko,  from  its  chief  town,  is  a  I'leniitul 
country,  near  :ooniiles  m  length,  and  too  in  breadth. 
Ita  chief  town  Ituulson  the  river  Stei,  now  a  lake,  which 
cncompallcs  pait  of  the  calUe,  90  miles  north-call  irom 
Lcmberg.  It  is  a  large  city,  and  the  fee  ot  a  bitliop, 
i'ull'ragan  to  the  archbilliop  of  CJnefna  ;  but  is  chietiy 
inhabited  by  Jews,  Armenians,  and  other  eallern  people, 
vho  trallk  in  thcle  t our.tries.  The  cathedral  and 
chapter-houle  are  in  one  of  the  calUes,  there  being 
two  built  on  hills  near  this  city.  Here  alfo  relides  a 
KulFnii  bilhop. 

Pilave/.e  is  a  fniall  city  on  the  river  Bog,  two  leagues 
fioiv  C'hmielnich. 

Krzemcncc,  the  capital  of  the  diflrict  of  (.'remen,  is 
a  fmall  city  on  a  hill,  lu'ar  ihe  river  kua,  with  a  wooden 
(alUc,  founded  on  a  ro;  k,  and  mud  walls.  Jt  has  been 
olten  piundercii  b\  the  I'artars. 

Ulcdimer,  or  VVoldxiiiiiers,  is  the  refidencc  ot  a 
Kiiilian  biihop,  with  a  contidcrablc  jurii'diction. 

Hrodi  is  a  town  with  liiong  tortilications,  has  ;i  col- 
legiate church,  and  a  public  academy. 

Olika  IS  a  town,  with  the  title  of  a  duchy,  belonging 
to  the  family  of  Rad/.ivil,  adorned  with  a  line  (ailiedral, 
and  an  academy  for  all  forts  ol  art  and  Iciences. 

Lonllantinow,  adorned  and  defendul  b)  a  well  for.i- 
fiid  calllc,  Ihuuts  near  the  lource  ol  the  river  .Slue/.,  75 
miles  north  Iroi  1  Caminiec. 

The  Lower  N'olhinia  commonly  called  the  palatinate 
<.l  hiow,  together  with  Looser  Podolia,  comprehended 
in  ihe  Ukraine,  lies  calf  troin  the  U[)pir  Volhinia  ;  and 
the  river  IJorillhenes,  or  the  Nieper,  palles  through  tlie 
niiil;ile  ol  it,  Irom  norih-wtfl  to  loutli-eall,  diviiimgit 
into  t'.o  parts, of  whii  h  only  the  wellern  is  now  lub|(Lt 
to  Poland;  thceallern  being  under  the  Kutlians,  The 
cornier   is    fruitful;    but  the  latter,   winch,  however, 


;  abounds  with   falt-petre,  is  a  meredelen,  by  reaf.n  .>! 

the  ncighbouiiiood  of  the  Tariar-. 

!         Ui  u\n\\  is  a  large  coimtrv,  bounded  on  the  north 

i,  by  part  of  Piilaiul  and  Ruliia,  on  the  fourh   by  l.ntlc 

!  'Iar;ary,  on  the  ealf  by  the  (K  k/akow-l  artars,'  ;ind  on 

;,   the   well-  by   Moldavia.       The  name  Lkrain  is  Scla- 

:•   vo:-.ic,  and  lignilies  a  frontier,  which  it  really  is  againll 

|i   the   Turks  and    'Tartar:.       'I  his  is  ihe  country  ot  the 

!!    (  ollack>,   who  have  their  name  irom    Kofa,  a  li,'.  rlie, 

1'   their  uliial   we.ip.in;  or   C.'ofa,    which,  in  the    Ruiiiaii 

Ij   language,   ligmi.e^  Iree-boottr,  or    plunderer.        I  hey 

i   Wire  oiigin.illy  .1  (  rew  ol  dillbiute  rovers.  tl,.\t  aliim- 

j|   blcil  together,  tn.m   the  Irontiers  of  Ruliia,   \olhiiii.i, 

1  and  Poilolia,  to  a  pia.  life  piracy  on  tlic  lilac  k  .Sea.  'Thuir 

'  chief  habitation  was   betwixt  the  rivers   Nielier   niul 

\ie[)er;   but  tliey  extended  themfelvesa  great  wav  calf 

i   from  the  latter.        1  he  L'ollack  language  is  a  dialect  of 

'   the  Polilh.      They  arc  vigorous,  hard.,  brave,  and  verv 

'  jealo'is   ut   their  liberty  ;   tickle  and  waveriiig;   but  I'o- 

cial,  chcarful,  and  Ipnghtly.       ilnir  forces  conlilt  en- 

j    tirely   of  cavalry  ;  and  they  arc,  in  lliort,  a  powerful 

'    peoj)!e.        1  heir  common   people   arc  of   the   (ireek 

V  church;  but  thebetiir   fort  are  generally  Romans,  or 

I   Proteliaiits.       Iheir   full  coiifuieralile  appearance,  as 


tVR6Vl-.. 


an  united   bod\,  was  in 


154S,  in  the  reign  of  -Sigil- 


I  mund  I,  king  of  Poland;  when  thev  called  themfelves 
i  volunteers,  and  .illcmblcd  to  the  number  of  doco,  for 
,  detcf.ce  of  the  couiitr\  againll  the  1  inks  and  Tartars, 
:  whom  th.ey  tretiuently  iiitcicepted  at  the  palies  of  tiie 
jl  Nieper,  u  hen  returning  with  their  prev.  Being  fixvi 
■  t   joine  I  by  multitudes  to  lliarc  their  booty,  thev  couLi, 

j   w  ith  fnallow  boats,  pais  thole  rocks  in  th.  mouth  of  the 

II  Borillhenrs,  that  hinder  the  navigation  irom  the 
ij  Ukrain  to  the  Black  -Sea;  and,  during  the  I'ummer, 
■:   they  roved  over  the  lea,  and  its  toalls,  maUng  delcents 

i   upon  Natolia,and  pillaging  and  fpoilin;,  wherever  thev 

'  came,  even  to  tl'.e  vyalis  ot   L'onii..;"."-,nople.       Stcphm 

j    li.itl.ori,  king  of  Poland,  formed  them  into  an  ordcrlv 

'i|   militia;  and,  intending  to  ufe  them  againll  the  ■l'artar^, 

jj  gave  Jiem  the  tow  n  and  terriiory  of  Trethimirow    in 

I    this  palatinate,  which  they  matle  their  magazine;  ap- 

ij  pointed  a  general  over  them,  and  gave  them  ntany  |)ri- 

il   vilcges;  aiui  for  tome  time  they  did  the  Poles  giea: 

jl  ierviie,   by  op|)ollng  the 'lartars  :  yet  being  leniible  ot' 

':    their  llrength,   they    began   to   fet  up  for  themfei'.e.; 

i   ;ind  in  the  year    is^9,    lebeiled  ;    Init    their    general 

It   being  taken  and  executed,  it  was  for  a  time  ijuieied. 

Abdut  the  vear  looo  they  weie  fo  powerful,  that  the 

]\)les  weie  tore  ed  to  raiic  a  large  army  ag.unlt  them, 

vvho  often  worlleil  theni,  and  took  their  generals;  but 

llill   they  continued  mutinous;    whcretoie  their  privi- 

leges  were  taken  away  ;  and  they  cont'iuicd  in  a  liaicof 

enmity  till  about  the  year  1640,  when  king  Uiidillaus 

\l.  making  war  upon  the  Tartars,  collected  them  to- 

geiiier,  and  let  over  tliem  tor  a  general  Lhmieinilki. 

who  was  alten\ards  a  better  aiul  iornudable  eiumy  to 

Poland  i  Icr  the  Coilacks  being  opprelled  by  t!ie  Pijpilh 

nobihtv,  tlie;r  landlords,  and,  on  complaint,    receiving 

no  redrefs,  all'embled  in  vail  nin.bcrs;  and,  lalling  iit 

the  I'artais,  lurioully  attacketi  the  Poles:  but  king  Joi'ii 

L'atimir  made  Inch  a  lland  againll  them,  tlia',  in  1640, 

the    I'artais   accepted  a  peace.      Chmielnilki,  having 

obliged  the  prince  ot  Moldavia  to  ioin  him,  it  prodiu\il 

an  ither  war  in  iC'si,  wherein  tlie'Tartars  and  C.'oii'.Kk-. 

were  worllcd;  and  lince  that  time  they  liave  not  been 

lo  lonliderable. 

In  Id; 7  this  country  was  religned  by  the  Pules  to 
the  'Tuiks,  with  liberty  to  the  t'oliai  ks  of  th's  part  to 
cluife  their  own  general,  or  jiriine,  liependi  nt  on  tlie 
lultan,  who  kept  pnll'ellion  of  it  till  the  year  i()c)v, 
\clun,  l)\  the  peace  uf  Ciilowits,  it  was  rellorul  to  the 
Poles.  I  he  only  towns  cf  note,  on  the  well  lide  of 
the  Nieper,  are, 

'I  icthmiirow,  or  the  Nieper,  a  llrong  pl.iee,  and 
defended  by  a  catlle. 

('z\kali"\,  which  ul'cd  to  be  the  chief  retieat  ot  the 
C'oli'acks  Hands  ncir  tl  e  lame  river.  It  w;-.s  burnt  by 
the  I'oks  II)   I'ljO,  but  has  been  liiicc  repaiicd. 

4  i)LLT10N 


J 

.>,'„ 

.'.  />/ 

'\<' 

/*..» 

.7,     /) 

•;  «■.;•'/ 

a- 

1 1  !•: 

3 

u.ll 

t 

■:•  ic 

.'1   is   1 

1 

llic  , 

\> 

(  !,.'■ 

'k. 

tn 

,ue 

hon; 

.'!> 

e  verv  iili 

U. 

hrc-i 

ii. 

)!<■ 

'f  :>!,. 

d!i 

peine 

L- 

elMi 

,  p.^rl 

1  >      • 

lit 

e  .i; 

1  I'.e 
1  ;'o>\ 

th 

"r 

t'liiii 

ci 

11.. 

M/. 

an 

1  1). 

;  '■  '  .  r 
.   h  i 

v\ 

II,. 

■  >. ';.' 

''■( 

v,n 

'    i  c    l 

tlu 

.   c  . 

0  . 

O.le  .!•,.;    '<    , 

I  -K     .;,     ;. 

•■:ul  v.i;;  ,1  _  I 
ktn/,   nil,  I  ' 

II  .'  0,11  I,  I 
!'Ie:l--.  ill  ; 
111,  .    <  iiiT  I''-  ' 

'T.u  JMiil 
?;■"■' ^1;  ;-l 
Ti.e  i^.!i,!l  > 

ill  '.;!'.■  ov  i;i.j 

1:.  i^l.i  i  ,'1.  II 

*■■-;    !:ed  I'.u 
'Tfeonlv  t 

I'.^   .1   V,  i  vh. 
1  h  ■  i\>liili  n 
II  m.,  Ill  ger 
n-;.i  imini)\i 
'•■n,i.iiil>te,!!v 
<-iIi/ln^  atr.l 
in  the  f.rll  p]. 
vho,  bcin'_;  p 
all  the  in:;n, 
arc  nor  prop,- 
■ui^K  liiiidlc, 
and  .ire,  in  n 
of  i.i.inkind 
the  biil,\  111 

WIVK  I,,  d   lilii, 

iiianv   of  oui 
'!/:irs.      ■(  ii,-> 
'■'■t  I  li.ivcn. 
ihcMi  mdolii) 
le>  I  Inn  ciiii" 
m>;'^  .;r.'  ill 

to  M  iiii'ii  .'  ;'i| 
<llc)U-l;,  :;m,;, 
"I'l.  h  (I  llnr 
iefentn\  :u,  p. 
thcii-  oj.prcll 

<  I  VKlLll,  c. 

Ihe  I'oK-s 
111  i\e  t!\'ii-  hi 
ue.ii  ,i  v.!l,  \ 
lev,  an  I  .1  k,i 
;;ii'Jcd  M  irli  ,1 
aitiw.  I  i.cv 
11. ■  k,  lolis  ;' 
vniibinds.  I 
1  icce  w  I'll  t'l. 
No.  (., 


IIY. 

iVn,  by  I'v'.if.  ■!!  Ill 

ilcii  on  the  nmtli 
;  loiith  iiy  l-i'.ilc 
v-'l':irtars,  yiiJ  on 
L-  Lkr.iin  is  Schi- 
ii  really  is  apainll 
liu  I oiintry  ot  t'nc 
II  KoC.i,  a  (ijvthi-, 
h,  111  tlic  Ruiii.ui 
iliiiuliMfi .  i  lu-v 
i»M.Ts,  t|-.;U  aliliii- 

Kllll'l.!,     \oliiilll.l, 

cHlaikStM.  'Mu-ii- 
ivirs   Nidic;'   aiul 
cs  ;>  {jrcac  way  lalV 
iiajic  IS  a  ilialciJt  (if 
IV,  brave,  aiul  very 
w.ivcrir.g  ;   Imt  lo- 
r  fortes  conlill  cn- 
llioit,  a  powirtul 
lie  ot"   the   (irick 
crally  Roiiiins,  or 
)le  appcarancr,  ;;s 
he  rtii;ii  of  Sigif- 
V  called  thcnifclvcs 
iiilur  of  (looo,  tor 
j'urks  anil    Tartars, 
It  the  pallts  of  liie 
iiey.       Heine;  fnoi 
booty,  thev  toiil.!, 
in  th.  inouih  of  the 
.igation    from    tin- 
inng   the  fiimmcr, 
Is,  mal-ing  defeenis 
ilnv,  wherever  they 
:Miople.       StC'iihtn 
leni  into  an  orderly 
againfl  the  Tartar,, 
of  Trethmurow    ii\ 
heir  niai;a/inc  ;  ap- 
ive  them  many  pn- 
did  the  Poles  sireat 
et  being  feiifible  of 
or  thenifei'.  e- ; 
out    their    f;tnir.il 
for  a  time  qu'.e:ed. 
powerful,  that  the 
my  a}!;ainll  them, 
their  generals ;  biii: 
icrefoie  their  privi- 
iiif'nucd  in  a  Ihneot 
n  kin;;  Ulidillans 
collected  them  to- 
neral  Lhmielnil'M  , 
mdable  enemy  to 
lll-.t  by  the  Tiipilh 
mplaiiit,    rerei\iiv^ 
,  and,  lallinj;  in 
ok-.;  but  km-;  John 
hem,  tl;a',  in  i64>i, 
limielmlki,  havinj; 
in  him,  it  prodiu  ,d 
irtais  anil  t'oli.Kk-. 
ihey  have  not  been 

icd  by  the  I'ules  to 
lai  k^  of  th's  [jart  lo 
■,  dependent  on  the 
till  the  year  if>9y, 
was  rellorul  to  the 
on  the  wed  fide  ot 

llrong    place,   and 

chief  retieat  of  die 
It  w.'.s  bu! Ill  by 
ce  repaiieil. 


ti.K(j;'r:.-! 


P    ()     L    A     N     I). 


:i'-', 


V.  C  1'  I  o 

•.  R.r:!.:,   I) 

(.'<  r,  ill  •iiii\ 


HI. 


/V/.     II.!.f:. 


/.!;•!. f.ul 


.1.' ;    (l:ilLill.,   !Ll!   .in.i  li.ur  /.'::,■:,'/;,■,  oi',  . 

I  '  !•'.  l'.>l,  ,  in  llicir  pirlon;  in  (■encnl,  ari'  r;ll, 
•.\(ll  ;r:v  Kirtioned,  a;..lcomi.h.  '!  I-,  ir  co'n- 
!'•'.  •  ii  :i  IS  I  ..: ,  .Mid  tin  ir  iiair  coinii.onli'  of  a  l..;Ie  \  .!- 
I  ...  I  he  in  >,  !  ood  conllitlitiiiii,,  :i!id  liav<  I  l;i:.!;!i- 
t'  i  li.'.k.  i  i:e.  aie  t  hara.  Utile. 1,  njvin  t'le  uhole,  a; 
r;.i',(,  lion,!,,  .i,id  lu)f|;i[alil,' :  hiu  tiie  common  ptipie 
.'iic  very  ill)  ^  lie  an. I  hijroired. 

V\  i:!i  n 'j:. ,  I  lo  ih- fi-p.  rior  p.opir  1  f  l'.>I-,nd,  like 
l'.  'U  <it    '^cr:.!,  l.'ici  ai'e  ri'Iiei  I'an^iie.l  v  iiii  .t  tiiliiii  ; 


liiii  cf  which,  ilicy  wc.ir  Turkey  leather  hoo's,  with 
their  folei,  and  deep  ii'.'.'l  heels,  bent  like  a  half-moon. 


v  rn rrv  a  iiole-axc, 


Ih', 
lide.     On  h.orlcb.i'-k  the\ 


and  ;;  I'abre  or  ciitlaf,  by  their 


lliort  ( 


covered 


with  furs,  both  witliinand  without.  Perlbns  of  r.mk 
v.ear  r.:ble-,  and  the  lliiiis  of  tygers,  leopards,  &:c. 
'Ine  pcalants  commonly  wear  a  Iheep  (kin,  with  the 
uooi  on,  m  winter;  aiivl,  in  fiimmer,  a  thick  coaife 
cl')ih,  iii;lrad<if  boor.s,  biilkiiis,  and  Ihoes,  made  of 
the  l)'.rl;  of  tires.  'I'lic  habit  of  the  women  much  re- 
leiniile  ithat  of  the  men,  being  a  fimple  I'olonnife,  or, 
long  robe,  edged  with  fur.  Hui  fome  jieiloni  of 
iiualif, ,  .if  i;(!!!i  fexe.:,  all'ect  the  I'rench  or  i:n-AUh 
mo.lcN  of  liref;. 

'liieirdier   i;  j-.-neraHy  frefli  meat,  fowl,  and  fidi : 
anil  ihey  tirink  tlie  Ur.)nge(f  of  Kheiiiih,  I'rcii.  h,  Spa- 


..  ;,l  liipciiK  ,.il  kn(iulc,:iMiif  thin '^i  ilian  IOC. u:-.  ilieir  '•]  idlli,   Italiaii  an.i  1  Ii;:irarian  wines  ;  brandy,  anifeed- 
liiciMic  pi'rluii>  lo  an'  't  at  I'.eiglu.  ll  warer,  and  other  Ipirit;.     Th-ir   fauces,    ixe.  arc   Co 

I  he  i'l'lci    like  moll  of  the  n,):ih,rn  'vi'i^vi;,  an.l    i  enricheil  wi'li  fiiices.   that  Ibme  of  the  nol:    ' 


Ilk. 


.1:1  "ovfrnmi  nr ;  where  the  f  ii,l,i'  l,i\ 


t'li-T    !■ 


.If 


'Miin,,  pre\. 


cieii;;,  men  a  i 


)  |!)   r  il:i 


,r^ ;  nu  iLii.iius  )i 


an 


w:  II, 


■  llei.,  ^v 


I  1-. 


ptin.r    (, 


o.ie  ,1' 


pk 


•f  l! 


'  .;:  li.  Irom  tne  ci  i!;lie  pol 
■  1  rr;  '.f  liobie  i  xrr.i,  ii()n  t,i 
lie  !i  ;\ e  iin'U'  ciMviderah 
t' 


Ipe 

lealt  jj  }.',rcai  aims  in  thar  rommodit)' :  and  tluir  iifu.d  break- 
l:n:t  |'  fall  is  ;i  hot  pot  of  beer,  uitli  eggs,  fiigar  and  ginger, 
i.iius  )i  'i  h(  V  iiang  the  carc.ills  of  elks  at  their  gates  till  they 
(link,  thin  I'lvf;.  and  eat  them,  as  a  gre,it  curiblit}',  to 
be  iiict  with  iio  where  but  at  the  tabks  of  their  chief 
;  \  et  their  burc  her's  meat  ii  delicious,  and  they 
I'nt;.   of  g.)od  lilli.      V\hcn  they  are  iii\  ited  to 


nob;l 
h.ne 


i.'iother  s  t.iliie 


th 


II 


e\  mult  carr^' 


lb 


eir  Ipoons, 


tVc 


uit 


h  th. 


em ; 


d  their  liiic.n  toit,   if  thev  would 


i.!i  o\\  r  their  p,'ala;iM    i  (■leanl\' :  for  they  ha\e  no  n  if 


)  n  inking  but  a  bro.id  piece 


,1    ii:>  la  \e- 


,  t  to  no:v,'  but  the 

►1 


)f  Ihirched   linen,  fewed  round  the  table-cloih,  that 


u.'uimtlie;  nhale  tor  r'leii  king,  a:id  |,  tlieir  lervant  <  ma\- in 


)t  (1 


eal  It. 


■Jhe  la 


tn.e:r 


11, MC) 


w  ,ia! 


Mr 


lies  carry  nap- 


n.'ir  nolM:i!e. 


iMi 


ltie\ 
;u:  if 


,1  h 


kins  «i;h  them,  anil  put  up  as  much  fweetmeat;  ivaA 


tniit-i 


the 


The  marters  reach  meat 


from  i,ie  tible  to  the  ler\ants,  who  eat  it  as  ihev  Hand 


■I   i!ie 


'  t):l 


'in 


;i^^  :   and 
if  he  doe 


laiUr  of  the  feall  is  reckoned 


s  no:  make  liis  gue 


ells 


ilrunK 


\,i:i   \\..\. 


istiiecultom  for  the  mafter  of  tiic  houfe,  and  Iiis 


n  t;u  ir  milt;,  m 


mtmiile-.,   to  ilr'ri;;  II 


ell 


WKIC 


the 


re  li.p  e 


btUl 


d    ti)  fill  !i  a  llalc  of 


iielts,  that  are  itnited,  are  obliged  to  put  up  with  the 


I 


I'flS    I'M, 


V  ho    lu- 


I"  .lit 


c:'i,':'i; 
!'m-o',i 'hoi' 


1):;:- 


rolilii  111!-.  I.  i:i, 


are  \er>  .ii'K'.i , 


Iifiii.,  in 


'eileral,  .lie  lull  liltie  av 


Ikill 


;:  i  !!;.■  ar- 
witli  mo- 


common  li-l!. 

I.<um[)er^  are  iinicli  in  falh.ion 


;rc  ;  nor  v.  i 


II  the 


ea'.llv  e\cu 


'the  hnufes 


lean',  perfon  from  pledging  them. 


'.re  "/cnerailv 


lou,  for  thev   (eldom  lie 


.f  tl 


lem  are  ( 


U'  brii 


■id  (h: 


the 


:i  imp!ii\ei!ii  n:. 


w  i 


,  r  I.e. 


leateli  p.arr  ot  woo 


d.     'I'he  kitchen  is  on  one 


the  co'.iri 


the  liable  ^m  another,  the  dwelling- 


i;:i,toulUc 
ciii/ 


•lien   of  go"d  n.iri:;al  t  dnUs  aiiu.ng  ihe  |    houfe  i,  ti.n a  third,  and  tl-.e gate  in  the  tront.   ■|''hericlier 


and  tiadin''-  pan  of  t!ie   I'oliih 


UII, 


111  !! 


.rl 


pkice,  Iliee  ,iii 


pt   Vl'' 


),  1,1    II,  l.v 


v'lo,  ciiii'.;  pii'leelid  in  ihe  nooih'v, 


fort  h.iving  hangiiisj,^  of  tajiellry,  or  arras,  an 
t.ill'.ita  curia'ii-i  ;  b.ii   felJoni  anv  accomiu 
otlLCe  llran'-';eis. 


U 


Kds  w  nil 
[el.loni  anv  accomiiiod  ition   to 


;ill  i: 


le    111,  Ul.l    MM, 


it   liu 


!1 


nil  ; 


.'iiililh  ,    l!u'\' 


The  i.'ihabitant:;  of  I' 


arc  nor  pioperb    inllruetcl  in  tht-r  reffH'.'ti ,  e  i  iMd> 


,1. 


iliii 


till 


;  I't   in  a   it 


I'l    oPi'Ulllv'll  : 


n>l  .ire,   in  m.iiiv  re((iects,  ileiiK  I  fe  <■, '.111111.111  n 


h! 


gaiiilin    10 

*.>l>t  I'lM,  .li 

of  I  he  c!i:i 


CI 


iriMianit  - 


n  till 


<if  i,i,uiki:nl.      The  f.iM'ii  r-.  ■v\ 

the  bulk  ol   the  pro,il,',   ,iii-  i;i  a  !'■,'  1   i!^ 


were  convert eil  from  Pa- 

.Mdebert,  arciibilhop  of 

lid  e\ei  llnce  the  religion 

Rome  li.it h  bet  11  [Mcilominant  here. 


ar  0(1 


.0  li  1  111 


ai 


d 


It  ill  l\td  i\ul]ia,  where  many  of  tin-  p. 
;e   C'leek    i  hiU'ii.      ,^'onie  of  the    ( 1' 


MivK  ;i..l  iitiiaii'iu. 


it 


liiailv   ol    mil 


W, 


i>   111! 


■i  to 


llcirs. 


i:k I'l  111, 


I  l! 


,\e  I'o  o'h,  i-  id..'.-,  h'.t  ihofe  vA'i\  lanin 


\i  retclinin 


',e,  lii'll  eiiir'vh  I'l  li.  iwne, 


hit  ir  iitiialio'l  iiMlvC: 
l:f  ,  .Is  111  I  11  ne  IV- 
i   j'.rle  I'l.'d  .md    rai 


lo    tl 

iMbmii   to  tl'..u  of  I'vome,  but  ha\e  th 

Ci'reek.     'I  ii,  '.■  ha\e  alii 

the  chiii\h  of  R 

ou  II  lan"i:aL'e. 


cluircll 

eir  worlhip  in 

iminiaiis,  whocompl\  witli 

1  their 


lut  ha\e  tlKir  \ioil!i 


he  knv,,  thoiiv.h  a  I  ,ipi 


ihli 


liv  his  co- 


i">i.iihiii  (i.ith,  to  tuler.iie  I  .uihcrariifiii  in  Polilh  I'riif- 
olV  .uiion';- them,    .  li,i,  wliiie  time  ar.r  whole  cuk  .  of  Lutherans,  as  Dant- 


to  '.I  hO'll 


';rie:i  a'V.  I  if,  ;us 


iuibilit\- 


■k,    I-, 


uoin,    aiii 


i   M 


irieiilniru; ;    and  fome 


whi,  h  d.lli 
lefentnv  :it. 


:  tunes,  to  |,  ' 
11    ki 


!lv 


;ht  ol  I.Kir  oppniiioii. 


L-nill; 


rpecialb'  in  the  Ducal  |- 


I  heir 


ins  a 
['•rcvent 


I'liiil.i'ioii,  anJ 
iie.n  lit)  nu'  am 


th 


eipe 


ruiha. 


I-aiill 


us 


r.ni'.'.li 
lor 


.mils  was  o 
ill 


f  thi 


itioii ;  and  his  followers,  from 


opjirellois,  liuin  li.. 


loi  cid  lo  do  I 


11:11  c.illcd  .Socinians,  grew  very  numerous 


i\    a' 


in  the  !  ill" 
I 


f  violcli, 

Ihe  r. 

1  i\c  l!iei 


(lit    tl 


!l 


11 

lle.ll   ,1  \.  !l,    »  h.,  h  le.u  lu,,  i.\o\:  ,1  lo  l! 


h  ur  cl 
li  .l\  illr'-  0:1' 


illO't, 


uliilkei 
'C  mill,' 


,111 


1   of 


,;ov  !i  o\t  r  It,  liii'  ,1  wiili  fur,  .111 


i\!iiur\  :  but  king  jolin  Caiimir  made  an  ciliet  .ag.um 
t!-,viii,  which  was  eiiforceil  by  his  fucccHbr,  king  h'hii 
.'M.I\elKi,  V,  111)  drove  them  quite  out  of  the  kingdom. 
'i  hey  Tlie  generality  of  the  Papills  here  are  great  higot<, 
and  their  inierefl  is  llrengthencd  by  the  [irelideiicies  if 
ihiir  biiluips  in  the  Lvr.ind  aiul  pettv  diets.     'I'he  in- 


ir,lei1  \i  irli  a   liih  1    b,it    the  Ikeve,   Ir 


1,1 


amis 


r,e\ 


live  tur  iMps 


11. 1: 


;k  1: 


.1-  II 


lo 


d  th 


w  iHih  iiiiis. 
1  iece  w  idi  I'l, 
^o.  (' 


Th 


Inns  .ir. 


■iiei.li.s  .ire  w  ii 


iloii;   coM.ii  i   or 
1  I  I'l.iki'  but  one 


t'ciior  I  ler<j:\  have  a  |ilace  alio  111  all  courts  ol  judica- 
ture j  and  the  great  fecre'ary  of  the  kingilom  isalwayrs 
a  clu;rclini;in.  'I'he  regular  c  lerg\,  as  they  call  the 
monks  are  more  elteemeu  than   the  lUular  ;  and  the 


ilockui  :■ 


Th 


!i      mi  ndicaiu  i' 


liars  li:i\e  the  iMl 


viliure  to  enter  the  privat 


«^ 


room 


i  .1 

11 


!l!i 


,  nt 


!■    I 


m 


!*i'l 


^o6 


\  \i:\\  R^^^  \i.  '.sn  authf.xtil  svsir.Af  or  i:\ivri^"^\i.  r.;  oc.iniNiv. 


» 


II  !   , 


fodin  o\  .I'v,  lioiilV  V,  it!i[-)i:i  k:r'c  l,i:'.;:;it  tlic  dcor.  1 '.w 
li(  iilar  cli  ijfy  ;nr  i/cmi.ii'v  r-.-'i,  l>iu  liilliiluic.  lhf.:i. 
t'lrior  civ  rn\  Ti-'IilDm  n'lrrul  tiiiir  oiVici-  in  ilii"  (,tiui\  !), 
liiit  ;';i\i.- poor  I'chol.u  .  two-jviKi.- ;\  li.n  lo  oliiii.iie  Icr 
thvin;  nor  do  the  liiihojvs  lorrcvt  tlic  iiiUiior  tkri'.y 
for  rlu'ii-  ini!lu!i.i\  ioiir. 

The  icniiimii  ;k-..)1.'  iva.  Iv  i,\\u]lv  of  inil-ritv, 
■v\ilhot]t  abiiki',  on  t'lt;;-  t'l".  J:i' s  |ro\iJul  t',.-\  al-- 
Itain  iVoni  tli'lii,  ivc.  ani  i!n\  viil  in't  tat  l)iii;i.r  a.ul 
«  hccU'  on  Ilk  li  da;. .;,  t!'.(UiL'h  the  '  op:-  j,i\  i-s  tin  111  a  Jil'- 
jicniaucn.  -\t  the  iii\aiiin  ct'  tlu'  l-.olt  tin-  |k;':-.!i.' 
kn;)ik  iliin-  heads  aj;ainl}  tlif  i-.a\>imnr,  or  Inn  i-.i-s, 
iiard  i!V.'.l'.  to  hi-  heard  U  a  d.ii;.i:ie  •.  Tluir  iliiinh  s 
are  r.n>',  an.i  \\t!l  adoin.'d;  ani  t''.  -piielts  alli.vt  rich 
\v(lii!tii:s.  'Clie  pn.-lis  at  1  ■■nivild  l-a-.e  a  eajK-  ihi-; 
v.var.-.r  ina!"--,  imhn  i;!.  I'.-i  io  t!nck  v.itli  |iaii,  aiul 
'lUv-l-,  il.ai  It  is  A  |.irl>.ci  lnir,k:i.  In  v.inriril-c  v.n. 
Jiuiiot"  lalik,  ai-ai  if:-.:,'  -f  li'.e  null,  liaw  tiirrcd  li.i.-s 
in  thj  (.-hDr.-hc..,  ihar  thi.;.  may  piturNe  il'.eir  kxt  Jioiii 
llic  e\erl];\ V  told. 

Iholail-uaLre  cf  the  I'oV  -  is  ad;  lit  :i  <f  tl'-J  >' J  1- 
^(•liK,  aii.t  is  horh  liaril.  and  i-\'.a;iM':i:,'i;>,  liitiii  the 
^all  !n'!i''i>er  (•t'e().".ruiia:u^  ill  i'.  '  i'e  i  irhuaiii  ui,,  :in<| 
Li\()r.::;:r.,  i;aM-  a  iail'i'-Mje  I'.iil  d  e":r-.i|ned  I  ,ii!n 
11  Old.:  I-.mI  tin  i;i.!;:ui  :'.:id  t.eviya.i  loil;:,'.i.  <  are  wiidLi- 
Jlood  in  the  jiro\in,\-.  l-ordniiij',  011  il;i  le  >  oiinu!.-. 

Moil  of  tin- difeafts  ct  t'vj  Fo'e.  liiiwed  i;;:::  t',,ir 
•  iriiiikiiriil's,  to  vhieh  rhc}'  are  lo  a.ldii'Ld,  d  1:  liu'.- 
have  a  rn-vul-,  li-iist'  in",  "  I  'nr  a  1.  .■".  11. a',  a.  .• ,  Jl 
liriiil;  va-ei-  as  uii.e,  ii"  h.e  do-...  r.  1;  in!  :'■.(.•  ellee'.s  of 
»lrinkin".'"  Tiie  diilvii.jn  r  iu;(iriar  \'i  I'.c  I'ole-,  is 
that  enlkd  the  idea  ;  i'l  uiii'  ;i  ir.e  l.air  ol  the  head  is 
matted  to;Mv  •  a'ld  >  :r  '.:v  1  di  i"  '  ;te  11  i;hi'-'  time,  in 
lj)ite  o\'  al!  ran  I'l  ;iie-..;u  ■:.  it  i:  !h  i  e/.  oil,  it  o,-. 
<alioiis  a  diiviu! .  ol  li:  Ji;,  :!  i-.n;  a  !:•;  il  !■  I  •  ol  it,  to.:..'- 
fli(  r  uitii  an  1  n;pti.  n  >)l  piiiiiih.-;  all  ever  tin  I'oJ; ,  aii.l 
ixiiii!,  ill  the  hiad  a'ul  liin!-:, ;  \et  ton  v/n  :  •,  v,  i.o  l'.,!ve 
Ijeeil  inle.ted  \wtii  :t,  iw  ,  iln}  ('<'■>  ei:;  oil  ll:'.!r  rair 
w  itiioiit  anv  had  eoMi'ni'ae.nc  e.  1  lie  fol.  ■  au  ne.;  iiuii  li 
Jroiih'ed  V.  ith  o:l  er  itdi.il'i  ^ ;  and  ieeix',  i'ah.:n;nr 
fc\er..,  and  pleiiiiiie-.r.re  i\  Idoni  of  Iikii  ;:i  v,o:!:i.\j;kn^e 
hert  a^  :;i  othir  eoiintriis. 

'I'he  lu}>ti(n;al  an.l  ir.aMir.oir.al  .  t ;;  ir.onies  in  Po- 
land, are  the  (iinu  s-  in  odier  !u>:i',!n  (- adiolic  i  o;;n- 
trie.s ;  hi; r  the  firuial.  of  tiie  ]>i.ojiie  ot'iiiiaiit;.  ari  lo 
pnnipniis  and  nv\;j;iiileiiit,  that  0:.<"-  look  niorv-  like 
liiiiinplis.  '1  heiorpfe  is  larriid  111  a  luarle  or el'.ariot, 
lirawiiln  fix  luilis  all  eo\ered  u  iih  hiai  k.  The  eof- 
/in  hd-  a  'a.r>\  If:,  k  \el\il  pa.il  >  \e;-il,  w.lh  aerol'^of 
Ted  lafiii  iM  ti'i  iMiddle,  ami  lix  ion;;  Mai  k  iiik  lallels, 
iii[ipor:  d  h.  lA  of  die  d.eevalivi' .  d.iaia  lii.',  in  elole 
iiioiirn.n;;.  Soual  piKlK.  iiicnk  aiv.l  orlu  r-,  \\alk 
liefore  the  heiile  \('  li  v.a\  ta|  i  r- ;  and,  inmudia.teiv 
before  it  ( ciin  -  tiirieti.en  on  hoiliini,  k,  \t  ho  (air.  the 
«rll>^  I'l  l|-.e  de,  ealul  ;  one  Iv.^  I\\  oiJ,  •■  ,.odu  r  lus  \.\n.c, 
arai  die  tiiird  lii-da  t.  \-  foon  a.  the  fuiural  lervi-e 
IWIMI-,  the',  iide  fiirioiille  into  the  1  hair  h,  hieak  tlie 
.iritis  ol  the  die.  did  I  i.e.n ":  h.  <e.''' n,  an,'  ih.- hod\  is 
iir.!;!;!;  :>;'••  I  wlil'h;:.  :e  isa  le  ul,  \(  hi  le  li.iih  i  h  r:.ry 
.ind  Lilt,  il.lllk  ;oi"ai!'>.  \'.  li.  n  V.ni-r.n  rt  ij;:allt\ 
ino'.rn,  ihe\  \' e.i!- 1  oai  f  ■  hi.i  I.  Iliill';  and  ll.i  ir  hiv.  11  I.. 
not  nm.  Il  iKTia-ihaii  eainas;  and  tlv  ;m.  iter  tl'.e  i;;.a- 
lity,  tile  1  oar'er  a'c  the  ii.oiirn.ni;  '.wed-.  \\l--n''-e 
kini^  ilie.,  h.e  Is  la  .1  on  a  Ind  of  Hate,  and  a  1  utain 
rimiher  n!  l>  ivator-,  en  leiia.llieal  mil  tilii;  .'i.d,  aieap- 
pointul  I.)  aMiii.l  ;-.:  .  eorpfe.  The  puhl;  di  iVays  tli.- 
fulUTal  eNpei;(is  (n.t  ol  d'..- :.  \  <  line  oT  !  ;k  tioun.  I  l,e 
♦  jilt- en  has  the  r.'ji.e  lioi'iur^,  p  iid  her,  u  h  -n  f ,;  lius,  ai 
.'lie  kill;;;  aiul.di  th'   lilVitoi    ,d.  lU/'r-,  i\e.  llil'  ie[)aif 

lo  ihe  di.t    f  r  ih     .Ii.iim  ol    a  Li.v,  luult   he  in 
M.i.  I- . 

!;•  the  Inv  of  i'li'.'.nd,  liir  '■:i.i!e  (•!  iHe  I'adier  is 
c-qualh.  d".  idid  am  p.; : Iv  i  iiiKiii  n,  e\i.  p.  .on  ol'ilii  ni 
r'o  into  a  inoiialii  r  ,  in  w  hu  ii  i  .lie  ihaii  ;.(rl>  are  lii  • 
>  ided  aii'on;;il  the  ,.  Il  ;  an;  I  the  \.i'iii;'e.  ■  iMldren  in  re, 
;:  .  in  oi'ii  r  l'<!pilh  '  oiilV  I  i'- <,  an  elii  o,,i  i;;.  d  hy  lli.  ir 
(vir- IU^  to  t.ike  die  \o\\  iip.ill  them,  ih.;'  their  c(lati.s 
Ine    he  p.l'lii'.  c.i  eal:;-ei;,  Uj  tlic  ehkll  i'jn. 


'Mie  li'itliod  of  hpntini;  hnll.s  an.i  he.trs  in  roljii.i  i-i 
ten,.  They  fiirioniid  tlie  wiidhiil!^  \uth  a  ;;rea;  miin 
1.1  r  of  lioif,  iiiin,  ot  v  h'iDi  e\ei;,  one  rides  up  ;ind 
dart  ;an  arrow  a(  him,  iiiinii  vdiii  li  the  creature  jiuifiiis 
him,  dm  ill;.':  which  anothei  darts  h.iiii  liehind  ;  where- 
up'iii  he  l.K  i  ;  i.liou!  to  piirruell.c  kilter  ;  anii  thus  hv 
iMiv.  I'.ey  ii)  !■  Mial"'.  him,  ihat  the  ixad,  heir...;  quiti; 
iiiidi  \'.  lili  paiirmn;',  lo  iiiaiu  aliaiLiiu-,  fdls  (loun,  anil 
is  laiil'.  iikm.  Anoi!'' r  wa'.  of  i.ikiii.',  tliern,  is  hy 
lili.i'!',  a  ;;reat  ni;i;  f.  1  i  I  tuis,  and  durihv  tn»lo!ip> 
II  I '",  >a  1  :•.•'!  laeh  I  11  titer,  ha\  in;;  his  juill;,  dart -at  him  ; 
an.!  ,1 .  d'.e  lull  1  uii-  io\\.i:d.  hi-,  i  iieiiiy,  t!ie  luinu  1  front 
I'l  .',1  t  ;:i\e;  I. 111!  In;  tlead'-u  o'lid  ;  hilt  if  he  hrcsk-; 
thine ;.'i ;...  I  n,  lof ':e,  thi  lu  \1  iiimtir  ludds  our  a  [dece 
el  r>  d  .  loth,  .^tam't  u  hi.  !i  ihe  heall  law  iiijj  at)  a.ntipa- 
d". ,  iv,  t.Mi!.\.  ith  Ici'.es  ti-.at  [  I  rfon,  and  runs  at  aiio- 
••a  1 ,  w  he,  Ih  in:.'  pi  '■.  1  ed  hir  him,  i oil  11  iioiiN  kills  him. 
\'.  '  ui  the;  1  i:n.  tf  i-tar-.,  the;.  lake  thofe  of  the  hi^- 
;%(i  li/.e  \',  :;!inet.;  and,  uluntiiev  h:i\e  h  impered 
.•.:m,;'.ll  the  hii  '.ers  ride  aho'it  him,  aii'l  ha\  in..':  piiincii 
d'.i\.  n  liN  i;(ad.!Hil  f.  et  v.  itiij^ieat  «ooden  forks  they  fo 
bin  '  him  about  with  llroiiL;  heirpen  cords,  tint  h<-  is 
I!  ■!  .il)le  to  Itir;  li'eti  the',  roll  him  into  a  ;;reat  uoo.ii  n 
(  I,.  It.       1  h.e  kilols  ot   the  eoid.  are  fo  con'ri'.ed,   that 


v.  iti'  o;io  piill  tney   ti:  i\ 


he  untied.      'I  he   hear  is  kelit 


thus  tdl  ;i.c;  ha'.  L  a  P'ind  to  hunt  h.i:ii,  an.l  tiiin  thfv 
let  him  out  of  a  ir.ip  door  niadic  for  ihe  piirpole. 

.s  i:  L  d  I  {)  N    i\. 

(i3:rr}:m.  11!   't    ro'.ir.i,   /''lirr   (f  tli-  fupcrky   C'jf', 
h  .rr.^rj  I:r.:t:Ui  1::,  o  , . 

\  .'^  the  pardtioniii'- ;'"Vi  '  ,  !  the  difmniln'i-i-icnt 
X  \,  ot  di.-  p.i(,\  :n(  e-,oi'  I'oi  .  1,  ,  roceef  -d  to  chan:;e 
\'w  1.  .::;:ii;,,!i  ::i  .and  l:(j-.  ernm:  nl,  1  ndu  r  presence  of 
allien  •.ills;  ti'.eiii,  thi  L'..:ie:al  form-.  1  amot  1  e  deertain- 
eil.  \'.  ;.  em,  liuivt.;:.-,  (  niv  ri Lue  tint  nio.le  v> hicli, 
il.  'iiir.e  de;',i,e,  lufiWiU  in  thofe  part.-:  which  nin\  now 
hi  !.M:.i;i  li.e  d'..i::i;i;ons  of  tile  kinj.;;  of  I'ol.ind. 

I  he  ;,i.\inimeiu  01'  I'olan.l,  in  iAi* ,  tld'er-  litd.- 
froi;.  a.ri  .11  iiioenic  .  Iln  kiiy-.;  i:  vh.eted  by  the  n'^- 
bihl;,  .,,.d  I  hr..)  ;  mni:edi.itti;.  alter  wliieh  |-.c  lienb  the 
/.;./.,•,  ...;;.,;  (.f  li-.e  kl";,doi'!,  b)  vv  hit  h  he  cnj^'af^c-: 
t<i  iirrod'.iie  no  f-:ii;  -ur^  m'.o  the  aniiv  or  j^overii- 
n:t  nt ;  lo  ih.i;  :■  .  !ii-  po-..  er  i  eiii.  iimlerih.id  v  itliin  \ery 
n.irro..  Ivinmh,  he  ; :,  in  ell'.t,  no  riKre  tl-.aii  the  prince 
or  I  hi;  I  !e::eii!  ill  a  fise  1  ommon'.ualth  ;  li  nee  he  can 
donodiiih,  vMthoii'  tlie  bnuiid.el  th;it  authority  which 
(he  l.i'..,  s  of  the  1  iti  t  have  inven  him,  and  the  noblei 
i.ii.e  I  .lie  to  main'  ii;i. 

I  or  ihe  adnii:ii;'r,\;io:i  of  iidli'"i'>  ■i'-  il  .md  erimjnal, 
fe'.^ral  eiHirts  are  lu  1  I  in  r<i!and  ;  but  the  moll  con- 
lid.  i.il-l<- are  th;'  pirhami  I'.Ls,  lompofed  el"  a  certain 
numb.  I  o|';'iMdemen,i  h  i:i,\,  aiitl  laiiv,  w lio arc  chofen 
1:1  ea-  il  ;:al  iii:iaie  ;  the  1  w  members  once  in  four  years, 
i-.r.dili-.  ,.  '■  ii.i.!ieal  on-.c  in  two '.ears.  Of  ih:  le  [lar- 
lia'i.i  n!>  t  hi  re  .ire  two  for  tiie  kin;Tiloin,  and  one  tor  the 
dm  lo-.  I  holl  for  t'le  kin;.;d  'ni  fit  at  laiblin,  in  L'p- 
p.i  r,  anil  i-iiiieow  in  l,o,.u-  I'.'l.i'il;  and  that  for  liie 
dm  lu  I-.  Iield  oii'M  :'.r  at  \  ihia,  and  tie  (>i!itr  •..  ar  at 
"lir.lki,  or  \o\oyi<'di.  k,  b;v  turn:.  'Ihife  collrt.^  re- 
ceive ;ippe:ils  from  mlerior  court ;,  an,!  Irom  iheiii  lies 
noappeal,  cMept  to  the  kin;.'- and  fiinfe. 

.V  km-  of  I  olind  can  neither  nvirr'. ,  nor  divorce  ,i 
V,  .le,  w  ;thout  tl.econfent  of  the  repaibl.i  .  It  he  niarric? 
,1!  'I  r  liN  I  oroiiai  ion,  the  c|ueen  i  aiinot  be  crow  ni.\.\  w  ii li- 
en,t  his  :ilkiil;;theiri  onfent  ;  nor  even  then,  uiilefs  Ilie 
I'ca  i<oii„iii  (.'.ilholie.  Whin  ihe  is  to  be  crouiied, 
i;h;  km;';  mtiltiondu.l  her  to  ihech.ur.  h,  and  prefent 
IkiIo  li,,  arelibilhop  of  Cr'nefna,  or  the  bill  op  who 
anoint .  her  with  iliei  onfecraied  oil,a!id  puts  1  lie  crown 
iifion  hi.t  held,  and  the  fcepire  into  her  ri):;ht  hanii,  and 
il,i  ;dob"  of  poll!  into  her  Mi.  The  qu'cns  of  I'o- 
laiul  have  no  olhcers  hut  a  iiiarlh.il  an;l  a  ch.iiueilor, 
neitlur  of  whom  are  lenalors,  bur  onlv  jiid;!,es  of  die 
dill'i  rc,-,i  es  iliat  h.ijijvn  amon;;  lurdnmedic  .  'I  hev 
aii!\.i.r  the  ad'l.'ide-,  di:U  ;:u-  iii.i'.ie  tv  the  li'.'.in  wlun 


iV,  IV. 

1  Ih'.u's  i'l  rol.iii.i  i-i 
with  a  ;;i\.\u  iniin- 
oiic  lidc-i  up  aiiu 
he  cK.itiTi;  junruis 
ill  lichiiKi  ;  whm- 
,iiti.r  !  and  tluis  l)v 
\iidi\,  Uc'iiv.'^  (uiiti: 
It-,  r.ilU  liov, n,  ;inj 
.•.kill;',  il\ctn,  is  lu- 
ll (lunl>S  LIU  l<>!ii\> 
jidll ;,  (!;iiU;it  liiiii; 
11V,  t!u  luinur  from 
I ;  lint  \i  lie  brca!\<: 
:ir  I'oKlsoiit  a  piece 
1  .miller  :in  niitipa- 
n,  :ip..l  I'.in-;  at  iirio- 
(iniini)til\  kills  hill), 
.e  thofe  of  tlic  liii;- 
uv  have  h  iinpercil 
.iivl  h;i\  ii'.,-''  pinncil 

U)i\k'!\  !l)l!o  th<'\    ((> 

•n  conls,  lint  he  i< 
into  a  ^reat  woo.U  ii 
.■  lb  con' ri veil,  that. 
'ilu-  luar  is  kept 
!-.i;',i,  an!  tiun  tlicy 
I'  I  he  ptirpole. 

1\'. 

Ih-    f:iriri'A-   Cup, 


the  ilifiivnilieriiu'nt 

nieeei  -il  to  ehan;;e 

,  1  niii.r  prefenee  of 

c  annnt  1  i   ifceitain- 

•;'  th  I'l  I'.'o.'e  V.  hicli, 

;!![    wiii^ i"'  nia\  now 

nj;  of  r<iiar,d. 

1  IV,  ilit'er.  lit'.Ie 

;  iln'teil  by  the  n-'- 

■r  wliieh  l.c  lit^n;.  the 

y  u!;ieli  he  <'n;.;a<^i"; 

e  .■;niiv  or  t^ovein- 

ir.'rii-.t.d  \>  iiliin  \eiy 

IK  ri-  t!'.;;n  ilie  piinei: 

.alth  ;   lime  he  can 

i:il  au'i'ioiily  wiiieh 

m,  and   tlie  nobles 

.  i\  ;1  and  erinii;nal, 
lilt  the  moll  eon- 
ijiolVd  ci'  a  eert  \iu 
lii'.,  ultoare  eholeii 
s  once  ill  tour  \ears, 
ears.  Of  ih  iVpar- 
■  iiti,  and  one  lor  the 

I  .It  l.uhlin,  in  L'p- 
1  ;  and  ih.it  tor  iJic 
hi  il  e  oi!v.T  •.  ;ar  at 
.  'riufe  eoiirt.s  re- 
aii  I  Iroiii  them  lie-J 

II  n  ifv'. 

\irr'. ,  nor  divorce  ,i 

iihjii  .    It'he  riiarrii'5 

\v\  becrouiKil  u  ilh- 

Ncn  then,  iiiilcrs  llie 

•  i ,  lo  !ie  cnuv  '.\~<\, 

hiin  h,  and  pn ient 

or  the  hill  op  who 

l,;',nd  puts  the  crown 

I  hir  ri;;hi  han.',  .w^ 

■{'he  ijU'cns  of  I'o- 

i.il  and  a  clianceilor, 

oiiK    judjfis  ot"  i!ie 

\  doiiielHi    .     'I'hiv 

I  tw  :ht  ii'.','.:i  '.vlun 


KLROri.] 


P    ()     L,     .\     \     D. 


yo; 


1 
ol 


i.naiiibanivjor  ii.akcs  hcra  comjilin-.cnt  in  his  inalttr'.s 
i.iint,  01  ulun  a  prel'trit  i:i  ir.ade  to  lierat  the  iiiairiaf.',c 
jl' a  mail)  cl  hououi.  The  km;.;  Ijrnillies  tlie  i]uecn 
V,  itli  t'li.'iiey  toueli."./  thcclian;e  ef  her  hoiileiiold  ;  hut, 
i;itir  hi^idciiii,  lie  mult  iv,ainiairi  hcrlelf,  and  all  liir 
ittiiuie,  V.  i:h  the  r.  venue  v,  liiclitiie  kin^;  bcHous  u|.'oii 
her,  wiUi  the  lo.nlni  ol  the  rep!iL>lic,  both  lor  her 
tlov.  ry,  anvitiir  Iv.  ;■  mairiaue  prele;ii.  'I'lKle  revenues 
arc  c.'.lled  thj  Keloi  iiia'ion,  ait  1  confdt  of  the  rcverlion 
of  a  cc;  tain  niimber  of  IKuoltie  .,  uliicii  Iheciniior.  en- 
"oy  f.ll  tiiev  b'.coine  vacant  by  ihedeati'.  of  theprefiu 
[joiilllbis ;  ,i;vi  fon.i  tinie.i  tliofe  uho  poU'ei's  the  lia- 
rolu.  ■.  ili.u  are  in  ir.r  refoniiatioii,  outlne  her:  but  if 
the  .ki'i.j  dies  hitOK  the  queen's  nfoMii.r.lon  be  (eliled 
Ui'o.'i  lur,  tlie  repuliiic  allons  her  a  veaii.  |K'nli(;n  out 
v\  the  ciou n  lands. 

The  titlcsol  iIic  km;;  are,  l.iiijMif  I'olan.l,  c^rear  duke 
cl  l-i:hiiania,  duke  ol  iviiliia,  Pi  :!ii.i,  Vi.iffuiia,  Si- 
^■.■.o^ih.l,  Ki.iM.i,  Volhiii'.a  I'od-lM,  I'oi.iciuj,  Liionui, 
iJincii.ni!,..,  Siiiiia,  an  1  L'/ernu  ho-,  ia. 

•  ill  his  ie\>nue  i- cL.t  to  liindVlf ;  in  he  piss  no 
troi'j)-,  noreviiiivi  oun  fuir.l-;  ,i!!  riie  r::bli  e.\- 
peaeeii  biiii;;  ;./rn\ided  for  b;  tlv,'  f.n.i'e;  .iiu!  all  the 
olHcer.^  of  tiu-  houlihold  are  I'ciuli  ■',  ntLimn,  \i  iio 
lerve  witli.iiit  falarv,  in  er.;-iei.itii>n  cf  fouie  o!l:ce. 

t\  Kin  ,  <i|  !'oI,i:id  iiiaynmit  fun.,  ;uid  capit.il  piinilli- 
iiieius  ;  .md,  u|'):i  JnMiiior:-,  or  lelHilion:,  lan  lummon 
f!'e  iiobilir ,  ;.i  l.is  li.i.vl.ir  I.  I  1;  :iu  en^.iia-  nieivcrury 
Irooj.s,  ,;,ib;ui,:  aiiiii  s,  a'lvl  puniMi  tliol'e  \ilio  tianf- 
j'rils  t;K-ir  linti.  i  he  km:.,' !:>a'.' no'rir.aie  the  !;,reat 
•  'ihcers  of  II  It.',  ti-:!!,r  i^ci.li.illJc  il,  iiiii.rarv,  aiul  i  ivil 
pioi;ioi.on>  ;  I  u;  all  are  accounial-,!;'  for  tiieii  con  hirr 
(orl.i  |.  aiu';  neilh.erca:!  t'le  kuii;  iiif|.)'ace  theiii  uneii 
«'■'.  ;.ij)poin':cd.  .\ll  tiie  la.vs,  Iimlihs,  ne;;ociatio:r., 
ac«i  V  :.t).i:*!ci,  inull  I)-.'  in  i;ii  n  i;':.-,  aii.i  |>als  i;;i'.ier  Ins 
lial ,  as  do  ..11  ji-n^js  p;iknt,  ^\;c. 

'he  ;>';i,ue  cnl;;;!l,,  of  i  (>  biihoj-:;,  brildcs  the  p!!- 
li;atf,  uJ;o  i,;h:;!',  an  '  .i''0'U  i  io  la.  iiii  n  named  ti;, 
th  ■  km  .,  .i;id  ,iix  t  >:•  lifi' ;  \  1.-.  til.-  t.n  r.rea'  o:;;-..u-s  of 
llac-ot  il'el.uv'.dom  of  •  olaiid  .uvldm  ;.i  ^^x  l.iiliu.inia ; 
to  V.  I::i;n  ar-  .ddid,  thepil.iliiies  ..n.i  ::;e  lelfcr  feilafis, 
who  aie  I  he  i  .dkl!  msaiid  lieutiii.iicis  ol  the  [lalaiin.Ues, 
a.Td  ihedejnitie  of  ['e  nohditi.  'I'hc.-  are  cre.ited  bv 
til-  kiiif^,  after  they  h  r.  e  t.ik  n  an  o.^th  to  pieferve  the 
biicrtiis  (if  th,.'  K  pulili,  ,  bv  vnaie  ulxreof  ilu\  con- 
'lo'd  ih.e  ki'n;.',  \\\wv.  ht  invades  tlv.'ir  piiMle<;e.s:  and 
J'  tiii.s  court  IS  loosed  upon  to  be  th.e  biiluark  of  the 
iot:.|.|,i;i\iialih,  a;:ai;ill  tlie  at  tempt  >  cf  the  km:;,  ih  ir- 
ter  tiair  of  the  I'^ii.uors  are  ahi.c.  ••  iiboui  his  j)»ilnii, 
•J  1  |i>  t'.ace  of  beinijhiscounll-llorN ;  thoutrh,  in  iiuth, 
llic)  are  but  fpiis  on  him.  \on'.  of  the  fe:i:ito-s  can 
K"  out  of  the  km::^dom  witivaii  leave  of  the  re  iiblic. 
Jn  the  yeneial  diets  thev  fir  on  the  ri;.;ht  and  lift  h;iivl 
<it  the  kin\;-,  accordin;;'  to  rhei!  di;.:n;H  ,  iin^S  not  acconl- 
iiri.;-  to  the  feiiioi!r\-  of  their  rc'  e  lion  ;  and  it  is  i'u\ 
^*ho,  without  the  kill::;,  aoprove  and  ratd'i  all  tiiecon- 
llltutions  which  t!ie  nobilif,  pn-pof,-  to  them  In-  their 
ilepiitie- :  lo  iImt  the  (eivuoi's  .i:i ,  a  \\  wiii',  mt  .!i  uoi:. 
Iiei,\ecii  the  kiii";;iii  I  the  nobility,  ;o  (>i\iVr\e  .i.ul  ile- 
1'  nd  tile  luihoiuv  of  the  repulilic. 

i  he  ( liiif  licul.ir  fenatois  are,  in  iiiinib;  r,  ;(.,  \]/.. 
,i-  ['al.itiiK  s,  who  are,  pro|i.  if, ,  ;;o\it:iois  i>f  pro',  mces; 
three  c.illi  ll.in-,  \\i.  of  Cracov,  \  ilii:i,  and  Tioki; 
iinltl;,'  |l,ii(,il  i^f  S.uiioi'itia.  It  isoblirved,  that  tho' 
thei]uabt\  of  callell  in  and  It.iiolla  is  infi  rior  to  that 
of  pal.i:ine,  ihefe  lo!:r  Lift  mentioned  poiii  is  almolUl-.e 
firl}  i.mk  amoii;;  ihe  he  fen,iror<.  'I  he  o  litc  of  a  p:i- 
laiine  is  to  k-.id  the  ticoii,  it'  his  p:u  ilin  i:v  to  the;iiiiu, 
ti>  piilide  in  tl-.e  all' iiililies  of  ihe  ivn'ilits  in  his  pio- 
\ince,  to  III  a  price  u|)c,;i  coT'di  and  tcercii.iiv.li/.e,  to 
lee  that  tlie  v.iidits  and  mcifuns  lienor  alrere.i,  and  to 
jud're  and  dif  iidthe  Jew-,  lie  his  a  v  u  .-iMlat'ne 
under  him,  uh.oif'll  :  I'.e  an  (>:i.ih  to  iiiri,  ;i:ilulio 
ou;;!it  to  ji.ive  an  (Hate  in  the  !..:\i,  w!ii  h  Ua-,  c.il! 
I'of|el!iotiaIus. 

'I'hcc.illelLiiis  air  tliene\t  indiiiuiiv  loihe  (laliitines; 
and  thi  re  are  two  lorts  of  thiiii  in  tl:  •  kingdom,  \»lio 
art  ufuall;,  diliui;j,uilin;d  b'  the  title  of  ;;;cat  caileil.iiis. 


and  petty  or  fub -cafli  ll.m-:.  Tluy  are  all  fenato/.s; 
beuienai.t.--,  or  deputies  of  the  palatines,  and  heads  of 
the  nobiiity,  in  their  rcfpe.'iriveiurifdictions. 

I  he  I'olilli  diets  are  .if  nvo  kinds,  viz.  either  ordi- 
nare  or  e:,.traordinar\ .  'I  lie  ordina>)  diets  meet  every 
(econd  '.tar;  !m' the exti-anrdmai}  diets  onb  \\;ky.\  par- 
ticiilai-  occ:uions,  ulien  I'limmoned  bv  thekm.;;  iii;L 
one  dilii  iiiinir  voice  reii  'cis  all  their  deliberaLioii.,  in- 

c;r-.-tual. 

l'!\ei\  ;;entliin:in  is  a  foviieiLi;!!  prince  in  his  oimi 
if'a'c,  ar.vt  h:i  .  (lower  of  life  and  death  overhis  tenant-., 
\\  lio.iii  jarfect  ll.ni .,  u  itho.it  law-,  or  [irivileges  tojiio- 
teci  till  111.  1  he\  daie  not  leave  their  iiialter's  l.mds  to 
;;o  to  another's,  iinlefs  he  \  lohitc;  their  w  ives  or  d.iiiirh- 
lus  ;  lo  that  they  are  oftin;.i,lad  of  that  plea.  Jf  ai^en- 
lleiii.m  .I,  ,iiall,  kill .  one  of  hi  >  own  llaves,  he  on!',  p.c.  • 
I  j  Ir.  res ;  aiul  if  he  kills  another's,  he  is  oiil}-  ohli;'ci.l  ui 
lurnilh  another,  or  as  iiuicii  money  as  will  buy  oiu',  awA 
to  ni.iiir..iin  tlie  dec  afed's  f.uiiilv.  Jf  one  pnrltiri.in 
kills  aiiulhi  r,  l',e  c:mi;ot  be  e.s.ecuied  w  ithoi.t  the  kiiU','s 
I onfenr  ;  fo  iliat  ili.y  Inquently  tfcape.  No  foidiei.-! 
can  be  quartered  upon  the  ;_;eiitry  j  and  if  anv  oliii  ^i 
does  i:,  in-  is  fiiitencid  to  die,  or  clfe  declared  infa- 
icoii,  Ii.  cIk  du-;  :  ii'ii  can  the  Itini;  hiinlelf  lovl;.;c  at  a 
noblcu..>n"s  lioufc  uuliout  alkin;.;  nis  leave.  .Vlcan  tiiiic 
their  hoiil'is  iiic  li.'h  i'.iiutuanes  for  di  linv[ueius,  tlvit, 
ilioujdi  till  I'  in. I',  Ik-  arreiled  there,  tiie;,'  caniKK  be 
takiii  liom  thetv  e  without  the  mailer'-,  liave.  liv  the 
conliii:iiiiin  (if  I'.il.ii;,!,  [Ill- j.entry  c.miiot  be  arreiled 
till  convi.iid  by  ju'.li.e  ;  ib  that  he  inuU  be  lirll  funi- 
nioncd  to  .'he  iriln:iial,  where  he  is  to  be  tried.  If  he- 
do,  s  no;  .ippcar,  he  i- de,  laied  contuniaeious  j  and  if 
iie  d,u  ,  iipi  e.ir,  and  is  c.^nieted,  he  is  then  arreiled, 
:md  imprifoii'd,  in  ordirtobe  afterwsirds  lltueiiced, 
,iccoidm.;  to  the  licvs  and  the  iKituie  of  l;i;crime.  Ii' 
.'.  Ic.rei;;n.'r  dii  s  without  ilil.e.  Ins  (.Hate  t.iils  not  to  tlie 
king,  but  to  tlie  lord  of  the  manor.  The  produet 
ol  the  lands  of  the  !,'enire  ma\'  be  C'.\ported  without 
jJaviiig  cuil.ni ;  .ill. I  .1  cirtiia.ate,  upon  lutli,  e-vempt.s 
the  pi  ri  Iiafer  fr.mi  pa;,  in";  it.  Keiiher  the  king  or 
the  republic  cor.tl;s  liie  title  of  prince  on  -inv  but  the 
Ion-.  Ol  the  roial  faiiidy  ;  and  though,  live  or  li.v  of  the 
chitf  laniilie.s  liave,  pirh.ips,  the  title  of  p- 'lues  of  the' 
eiiij  ire,  it  gives  Jiliii  no  fort  of  jirecedi.ic,-.  W  Inn 
thiir  gentry  iravil  into  Iruice  or  Ciirman.,  th<ry 
ali'mie  the  liih  ot'  counts  and  barons,  that  thev  may 
have  the  (ali'.r  acief-,  to  j).  rfon-  of  ijiiality  ;  efpecially 
:il  (  I'li  :i;an;. ,  vviieti  ;l\v  Ic.iice  tiiilll.aiu  one  a  gentle- 
luaii  i.ii'.Ur.i  Iviri'ii,  and  coni'..i.|ueiiil\ ,  not  wortliv  of 
their  i  o;r>erla;io;i. 

liKv  iievirh.id  anv  order  of  knighthood  bifore  that 
of  the  imiiiaciilate  I  onception,  erected  by  .Sigifmund 
III.  V  idi  fome  pnv  ile;.;es  ai).)ve  the  rell  of  the  gelitiv, 
who  fo  much  iiefpifed  it,  that  the  order  foon  lair.e  to 
nothing.  King  .-Xugullus,  in  17.05,  created  that  called 
the  Older  of  the  White  fagle,  in  leiiiembrinee  of  hi: 
h.a;)pilv  meet  in;.;  the  die:  ol  Lithuania,  when  the  .Swedes 
M\:\  ."stiiniil.iUs  thoughi  to  h,ive  intercepted  him.  The 
b.idge  is  a  wllitv'  e.ijle,  ci(i',',in.d  with  diamonds.  Ho 
conferred  it  on  fevii'.il  lonl,:  but  the  f,  ii.itoi-,  ;ue  dif- 
tni'.uilhed  liy  wearing  ;i  golden  crols,  with  a  badge  in 
the  midilK'  of  it. 

The  king  inlli'iiie,!  th.e  order  of  .Stanillaus  in 
17^15.  'Ihe  b.ul".'  I-  a  g.ild  crofs  enanulled  red; 
and  on  the  leiitie  v\  it  1  ;  a  medallion,  with  the  im.igc 
of  ."^'t.  .Si:iiiiilaus,enaiiu'lle-I  m  proper  colouis.  Miuiv  of 
ihi  gr.indet.-,  have  fiich  l.irge  tiriitories,  that  the\  can 
mile  from  ;ooo  to  10,000  men  apiece,  and  maintain 
liiem,  whiih  make,  them  lb  pr.iud,  that  when  gn.it 
nieli.s  law  lints  are  di  cided  bvthcdiet,  or  other  ti  ibii- 
inls,  the  cMcutioii  of  the  lenience  mun  be  left  to  the 
lo;i;'ell  fword;  for  the  ;gra:idees  foiiietimes  r,iife  liveor 
li\  hundred  men  ofii  lide,  plunder  and  burn  one  ano- 
tlui's  towns,  belides  calUes,  and  light  it  out,  rather 
thiiii  fubiuit  to  the  feiitence  of  a  bench  of  judges,  They 
clli'.ni  themfelves,  ef[)eciallv  the  fenators,  above  anv 
( ierm;m  prince,  want  nothing  of  fovereign  power  but 
llie  liberiv  of  coining  monev,  which  i-,  relerved  to  the 

republic. 


I  ->  j'''i| 

i  -  '■  i  lil'i 


i  ■ 

I 

r 

i!   ■    -I 


..  ;Iy 

ir-;: 

ill*  ^  ■  "m 


( 


L 


:  W 


:|    i^ 


!l 


I       >( 


ti'iif     1^ 


-^^ 


1 1 


pill 


liii- 


lit  cities  w 


A  NF.W.  r.OV.M    ;Nn  .\i;  1 1  IkX' 

and  Conii' (if  ihc\u  i  i.  lu-roiiii  ii\  lbs, 
ith  u!iivli  iIk'  ki!>';  h,-s  iiiiiluiv  u>  aiu 


SY -,«»•!■, Mo:  L'MVi 


ll,-|\c  l";;lii 


\r.c, 


AP[ 


1 1 . 


KMiiri" 


■iMlum"  to  inM>i>lin  i.'  nWi  ii'lorm.Kiiin  ;iitiiin  ;  tlu 


nc ni  u  >•)!■*! 


ij 


S   K  C    1    ION     V, 


iithiT  I.  M  li  cr  ii,;lir.ir\ . 
tii'  uli.it  i<  I.. 


li. 


U  c-  Lit' 


IV  l.itvru'.d  I'.'.u 


til"  kiiM'ikim  u!   rolaikl. 


mtir.cr,;-. 


Rf. 


I'jnr.r:,  iiiij  .h'::ui'ii  >n  oi    /'i!.i 


n  I  s  r  o  K  V 


}'  ()  I.    \   N   D. 


T 


cotiiimTi  c  I'.nJ  ir.ulc  df   T 


Hl.I. 


.1. 


.nvn: 


oi-r  ;i  (it  i:i. 


conluKTiil,  ;;rc  ncitlvr  v.irioiis  in  ii'ii 


(.•;;rcc.      In   the   iilteiio'-   [urfs   fdiiu'  I; 
mi  woollen  cldtli.i,  :\vA  hirJ  \\.iivs,  :iic  mannl  t,ti;: 


finlivc  111  I 


II 


n.uuiji  ,  I-,  trui 


,re  lene 


111. 


r 


th.i'.  ot  m:in\  a.hvr 


u/ir 


eil  ill  i)S!'  iirit\.     I  j-.e  anc 
ll( 


limed  b\    I'.i'itii--,  tlie  K(i 


but 


(■(Hiimcivi 


is  (.(inrmed  to  tile  tif  of  D.in' - 


111 


a  few  otliec  to'A  n-i  on  the  X'ilhila  and  li.dtie.   Di 


man  niltoiian. 
!'";.',ive>  ,t  (lioit  ac'oiDit  (,t  tliem,  a-,  a  nide  and  harb.i- 
i.-t  [leojile,  !i\inL;  bv  loIjUry  and  plunder,  anil  rani- 


:i'  tioiM  piaei-  u>  nl.i.i 


lit  111  a  Itate  ot  n.Uiii 


Ml  partieiiiar, 


iration 


In  the  \ 


an  ix.  ijieiit  ])oit ;  and  tlvi 


(■  I  -  a  n  i\  1- 


tiie  ^'iihiln  fi-oni  ihence  to  il'e  interi 


!.:r>  e.  ■    '1 


'.eni  oi"  (  i;lii\aiion  in  iser\  l[-n[c  aiul 


•ili'n  V. e'ic.h 


if  th.-.L  maintained  anv 


of  the  ki 


n'_:(,oni,  v. 


Lfe 


liy  all   kinds  of  mcrel-.an' 


liii^i  I'lOritN  o\i.r  ;h'-  iii,   wa.- 


J  .e.  I 


iii>,  ulio  all. me 


■d  the 


niav  he  nnnoneil  and  exported  with  <n\at  fuili 


Th 
irth 


c  (dills  o 


iboin 


title  (1 


fdiil- 


keal'Oiil  -Me  \  .ar 


c.  IVoin  th.at  period  iliei 


f  i 

,i^l 


(i.ani 


\  are  the  iroiii  ducat:, 


,  the  fil 
d.  the 


ve''il(ii!  ir ') 


f  Daniziek, 


is  «(>rthahoiit  4.S.  (id.  the  ri\-ilc)!iar  of  I'horn,  whi^h 
is  Morth:;hour  .;.s.  ;d.  and  the  y;\-dolI.tr  of  Sirifmund 
HI.  and  Llladillau^  1  \'.  which  is  worth  about  4-.  (-d. 

Noruithllaiidinjjtliecircumfcribid  [Kiwerofthc  ki:-.:; 
of  r(>!:;:vd,  •.\  ith  rclpeet  to  liis  [Kiiiiieal  pivroi^ati\e,  t'u- 
TcwuuL-.i  of  his  diiniinimi-:  are  adeqi!:it(.  to  a  f.ii'.nd'd 
iiiainteiianee ;  iini,  ,; .  iiefore  oliferved,  he  [laes  n.i 
troops,  or  ot!-.  c.-s  (-f  lia:';.  Hv  t!:e  ciifineiuHeiT.ieiit, 
Poland,  ii'.di-ed,  lo:i  ne.tr  h;ilf  her  annual  in. ome. 
'I'o  I'uppu  ihi'  li;  fi.  u  ncy,  howe\vr,  ir  wp.s  fnntd 
necelfarv  10  new  nii.iel  and  iivreafe  the  ta\e-,  not 
only  to  make  up  rive  km;.;''-  rewirie,  but  to  keej)  up  a 
Ihi.'idiii';  .irni  ,  U  y  ibe  d(  fc.'i 'i  of  th(  fe  parrs  rif  the 
lsin;^'d()ii)  whi'.h  t'le  i>arti:iiinin;r  powe:s  fiitleredi  tiic 
kiii„'  to  retain. 

i)}- the  ancit  nt  !:r.>s  of  Pohiid,  the  n'i!)il:t' ,  i:-^on 
all  ureat  oecr.lions,  v. ere  to  take  the  field  on  horfJi.u  k, 
too-ether  wiih  tlieir  adlierents  ;  and  whvn  this  ri.'le 
vas  properh  carried  into  e\e(  ution,  a  l.iiul'.  of  lor.C'D 
men  miLjhr  be  raif'd.  This  arniv  w:!';  aluavs  ci'led 
Pofpoliie  ;  lr.it,  \'ri^n-\  a  \ari(r\  of  (a.iifi-,  it  ufiiiilh 
ino\ed  with  i^reat  dif'icuke,  and  was  ;r,-ix.,-;ij|v  witlmui 
clifcipiine,  fiibordin.ition,  or  expiriem  r.  'Ilv,- Poli'.ii 
army,  Iiowr\er,  of  l.ueyiar.-.,  hath  not  been  fo  luime- 
r()U.^ ;  yc.:,  j:i ',  i'Viis  to  the  late  (lifir,eniherme;i:,  the 
(H-ace  elKililiihnient  was  j'l.ooo  men  ;  that  i^,  :4,ojo 
for  Poiaii'l,  and  i:,C30  tiir  I.ithiiuiia,  tuo-thiidi  (;f 
Mhieh  were  ca\a!ry.  The  two  bodiis  of  troops  that 
1brm  the  Poiilh  arnn  are  conim:i:\vI(  ..i  Ir  two  ijeneiMl  ■, 
uh(>a:e  ii;.iipriui;n'  ol"  e.n  h  otln  r :  and  rhou!;-h  l!iee 
.ire  named  b-.  I'le  kin-,',  thee  ai;- not  oMii^ed  to;;i\(' 
an  aecounr  of  iheir  opera';loii>  bii' to  ihe  re;t!bli  ,  :i.-id 
ha\e  an  abfolute  a'  thority  o\(r  the  troops.  IIk- 
•  oIoiieK  art-  l]kei.\i:e  abfohitc  m.i'lirs  of  their  rcd- 
inent^  ;  and  it  is  ti;eir  buiin>  fs  to  lind  fublifli  iii-e  for 
fhi'iv,  and  to  pay  the  iii  a--  well  as  i!u  •,■  can  ;  bin  ii,  in'; 
r.iri  I;,- p:ii.l  themfiht -,  tliey  del'tro'  the  coiitrr- ,  and 
ruin  the  larmer.s,  to  f.ti>fe  tiieir  ,i\  iriee,  aivl  ili.ic  (  f 
;lKirtroop>.  The  Polifii  nohil'.-  arip.nr  xdlhmore 
nia,;n;fK'i-n  ■'•  in  ill-' lidds  ti'.:in  i:i  ihcir  to\in^:  their 
'eni^bein;;  !noree!eyantIv  oriumu  n:edtli,nilheir  lioufi  ■. 
'I  h  casalr'. ,  whiih  is  th.e  ,^:eateli  parr  of  tiiearmv,  i, 
<  lii(ll\  compofed  of  pentlemen.  'I'he\  true  li:K  liorl's  j 
;ind  til,  ir  f:iddle.-,  bridle^  tve.  ate  ri  'dl'  '-i-.i  luifnied. 
'/ he  \e-.  rnntvll  totlieir  (  ,i\  ,ilr\  is  tin  ir  infritrv  ;  fiir 

iir.ich  -.1:  tl;e  I'.irmir  i .  iiri'/niiiceiitb,  onvinunted,  tlie  i 


■1, 


l.ittcr  i-  b:id!\ 
»nit  uniform 
meaiicll  ot  tin    f> 
\:i!j.abon.l  d'.i.!'.  w 
brtle  dilii;!;"    a 
lurv  ;  hut  it  rlii;. 
\v  ith  }.;re.i!  preripiia;  ioii, 
ficulty  in  rail)  in^^  them. 
Tl'.e  m:!rll;il,  .1^  \(ell  a- 


;iadly  .u  r. 
1- 1  ■  rei  ru 


.'d,  and  olun  wirli 


:(  I  fr 


■  ■'■•:.■,  an  I  i^< 

.  '  r;  •  Poin;, 

:rrAy  tin  Ui. 
ire  n  jHiIf  I,  •'< 
Hid  :e 


0.11  ai;i"'i 
ui  4.-t 


.;  the 
,V  of 


.1, 


reU  ;ie;...: 
•r.iops   I'-i'  (    iiet  \erv 
I  '  .  aira.  k  with  <j;r. at 

.  i;itii,.i.liare!',-  retire 
!■.'■  i-i  the  ::reare!l  dif- 

imniercial,  frern  nf  the 


Poliih  nation,  has,  doulvlei  ,  been  ('rea;lv  (h-'kedbv 
;.  re(pciii\e  iiv.adei--,  \W)  !:;i  I  ir  e\]i.  iIh'V  to  I  ei  p 
'![)  ''.    h  nriiii'.'!  :!.■>  iJia.'l   nol  only  oweiaw;  li:;'  j-i.^jilt 


were  under  (ii'.er-  ;m  r;\  ci.Lt-.,  till  te.e  uar  "OO,  whci 
ih.  y  ".ive  til  •  fi>vereii;n  coiiinianil  to  C'racus,  the  fiim- 
d.rof  the  city  of  Cr;ieow.  On  lailiiie  of  idue  in  lii-j 
lin.',  (the  \\\\  of  whiJl  w.is  Calimir  I.)  the  Poles 
el  eted  to  ilie  lupreme  ( (ininiand,  in  S  {o,  a  |)eafa!ir, 
ni!,ied  Pialhis,  who,  liu.i>";  to  a  j^nat  a;;e,  and  riilin;;- 
V.  i:!i  ho;iiiiir  to  himfeli,  .uid  ad\uiita>^e  10  the  people, 
i-\i:\  nati\e  of  Poland,  who  has,  from  his  time,  been 
tle.'ted  kin-;,  is  c.illed,  in  comniemoiaiioii  of  him, 
a  i':  ;1[.  'I  he  title  ('f  Duke  was  retained  I'ro-ii  the  kill 
nviKioiied  period  till  the  )  ear  ()i;^),  when  Ijoleilaiis  af- 
ri:;!;rd  the  tale  ol'  kiri.v,  con  juired  .Moras  i.i,  Piutjia, 
a;i  !  Hohemia,  an!  rei'.deied  them  tribu:;u'V  to  Po!:i:id. 
I'ol.-ilac-  II.  maiT.  in;"- the  hiiiefsol'  K^d  Kui7ia,  an- 
n.  .ed  v.v.\:  pro',  in  e  to  Pol. in, 1  in  io-i>. 

I  lie  kiui' -  of  t'ol.ind,  aiiicnL";  whom  wai  ("alimir  1 1 1, 
v.tr,  abfoliire  f  ivereii.ni.;,  until  the  i\i';n  of  Lewis  anno 
1  j~a,  wlien  the  Poles  iiili'.kd  o!i  limitinL;  the  pre- 
nM.'.riee;  p:;.lr.ibiv  b'Caule  Le^\i^  was  kin.i;  alfo  oi" 
IIun;vu-\',  a:id  the'.-  fuipe.'ted  he  wov.lA  fnour  his  n.t- 
ti\  (•  i  ountrv  to  llu  ir  I  re.uili  ■(.'.  Lews  hi  ini;  fucceed- 
id  hy  his  d;iii:;:uer  aiivl  heirefs,  1  Ldwi;;is,  an:io  l;<S?, 
Ihe  m:irri  d  Ll:ut::liiis  \'.  ir,\\M  duke  of  Jathimni;;. 
o.'i  condition  he  )!  ould  Iklhuc  a  C'hrilVian,  and  thiii 
iliiie  Ihould  (iicceed  both  to  the  e  row  n  of  I'olaild  and 
t'-thediieh)  of  I  illiuMnia,  v^hu  li  l..i\e  been  u;iited  e\cr 
liiv'e. 

L'.'.idiili.u  ,  tlnirlbn,  IlirccLded  tlieiii,  andwasaifb 
ki;i:.';  of  1  luM;:;:'. .  'I  iiis  prince  w:is  killevl  in  a  bittlc 
uilh  .\mur:Uh,  the  '1  uikilii  eiiipc  i  ir,  and  ieaviiiLj  no 
ilfue,  w:ii  fuciciiled  In  liis  brother  t',i!"miir  l\.  be- 
t'lun  w!i'i:iiand  the  knii:h.-s  "f  ih- Teiironi.  order, 
I'.ho  had  Ivenp!:;  .d  in  riiit"!i  by  the  i'o'^H-,  there 
w  vc  (  (ip.iitiu.il  \'.l^^;  until  it  w.i;  ,i'',i.-.'(  d,  thai  the 
kiii'dit.-,  Iliould  reu.ain  ] olieli'ed  of  ['..illern  cv  IXcal 
I'ruliia,  the  (.^r.iiid  lualKr  takin.Li;  an  ordi  ot' fealty  to 
tile  kin;:  of  I'okind.  In  tlii-.  reit'il  the  re|relen!:ili\e.j 
<;f  the  li\.r.il  pa!.uiii.ire'.,or  province^,  were  lirlt  liim- 
liioiud  to  lit  in  lliediit,  or  airembl\  cfth('  llates;  the 
;rriat  olii.  ■  is  (f  the  (  rev.  n  and  dii;;iil;ed  i  Itrgy  onlv 
inio.in;  tl;it  p:!\  ;I.  '  e  till  tl.i-n.  In  this  rei','!  alii) 
the  leaniin  ;  of  l,:i!:n  w.e>  (b  mil'  !i  ineoi;ra^',eil,  that  it 
became  the  l:in;.;t;.i 'eot'tliet  cimmon  people.  .Sii^ifnuin.l 
fucceeded  to  the -row  11,  anno  150",  in  whole  rei-^'ii 
Luther's  doctrine  was  recei\edat  lluu/.ick,  and  ibme 
otJKr  to\'.  ns  in  the  nortli  of  Pol.md. 

In  tlie  rii'Mi  of  Si;;ifinund  U.  t!ie  Rtinitn,  inva.le  I 
Livonia,  'hin  poliehed  In  the  Teutonic  kni;:;liis,  who 
I  ailed  in  the  Poll s  to  theiraliilhuice.  Othi  r  Pics  in(  ci 
lalldl  in  the.^ueiles;  an  1  rl:ele  rhree  po:' ers  i-ontiiukd 
tor  tlie  dominion  of  Liv  oni:i  mi'.'n  \i:\r-^. 

I  lenri' of  \alois,  d'ik.' ol'  .\:iuhi,  w:isel(.ied  kin;; 
ofi'olaildin  1574;  but  his  bro'lier  Charles,  till  I  leiuh 
kin;;  iImiii,',  he  iiuitted  1^  kind,  and  I'licceeded  to  the 
cro'.'.n  ot'  fnneej.no  i';77. 

.'-rejihen  P;itliori,  flin.e  of  Tiaiilil\  Kii.t,  was  e'ecied 
kill;;  of  Pol.liui  oil  till'  all  !i:  :ttl'i;i  ol'  /  leiir) .  Ill  his 
r- i';n  tlie  fup.reiii.'  court,  of  jultice  were  In  It  er- eU'd  ; 
bi.loie  u!ii(  li  time  rlie  kin  ,  ukJ  eo;.neil  uue  t.u-  i.ilt 
refc-'il  in'.ai'es  t.f  appe.d. 

Sr  diiiund 


EUROPL.: 

."si'.'innuiii 
iT-'.iJ  klil^, 
1;,  ^17. 

Ld.idillaus 
aii..i  in\.;dint. 
and,  ij:i  .  ir. 
to  ei'Ii;:rii:  tl 

to  Poland. 
L'U'.lilia'.:.s 

1 101  her,  joli 
t'.-:i  1  e:i!dlli 

'J.ioMi^^.d,  1 
a'.i'l  i>( '  .:m'  I 
L. me  (..; 
i.w.t,  bet  loll 
C.  I.  o..r  iii::( 
iU  ■■  11.1    1    e 

llej.oie,'  l.,:;i  ; 
Via.  Il:.l  !e  a."' 
_      M.vhad     . 

1    111  k^     I   OHijI. 

lei:.. I  t-,  J. 
iiv:iiii  of  .'.  li 
ot  VK  .ri.i  a::. 
i.'i  1 1  .,.!.. 

I  ,  Oil  iheii 
iieuy.  i.i...liii 
•-0:111  i:,.,i  till 
*».'s  (.in  i.iie.l 
ihii.ue-,  :.  Mit 
and   ,i.,:k:.i" 

li-n  I,,  -.hi-,: 

an  ':■■.  I'MiKi 
i' .  i,.c..  J 
the  cM.'i.i.r  :;i 
i^'  ■;.'  ol  ioi. 
J."'\-  ;..!  tile 
V..O-U.  i(-:(  n. 
I;  c.M  ■;■;,   j:i(, 

L.      .     CC:,:,;!,! 

C  ■:.■■"...  tei 
ill.  ::v.:i,  a,,, 
I.  :...:::'  ei  nf, 
\-  1^  ;  '■':  .-.1 
i.r    :i..'  :•. 

•'1  I  ■  - ; 
I'l      i/i'.,;:.,   ( 
i-'ic  :    :.(.;  .\i 
I      ■    ,'-.:■;• 
J    i-u:i.  (  1  ihi 

'■••  ',.;.„  \ 

I  •  '.  lU  '  ;  1  ,  1,1 
ImI:!..!  liS  i.,l 
I.':-,  v,li  il  i;. 
<'-.!. (Other  I; 
t.i  id  .::,..■  .\i 
I'l:'  :;.-,  i.ho  V 
1  I  i.i.'i  n;  i;.i' 

'ih.-  I  MK.  h 
111;  :■  II,  he  1., 
'■.,i''.u!;;  l!.-.:- 
.••ii  t  ■•-.,  l.l.s  1 
t' "I  l(il  10  I  ■(.(. 

lor  ol    M\;,.l     . 

ri  1'  i.e  I),  .no; 
"  •:    •„.;',  a. 
\^-'    a  [i.iueil 
J  ■  i.ed   i;:-  ii\a 
h  ■'■:  :;;    d,  wi 
■'.  ;  I. ,11-  (.; 
P.iN  ;  :(,  in. I 
/\e.'   '  1,   Ml, 
ihi  I.  ...,t:.ir( 
\  i.i:i«:-.,,hlr, 
td  ii,l(  s,  .1:,.'  [ 
iiiii  e:i  a  ;  v.;'A 
i-.i;.ii.il  ut    lis 
.\( 


Pt 


1 1 . 


liion  ;iimiiv;  tluui 
'. c'ly  bngu'.J  Ihuc 

.ll.llKt. 


)  I.  \  N  n. 

lli.r.  of  m;in\  o,!vr 
int\.  I  l-.c  anci^nr 
•  Rdir.an  liilloi  inn, 
.  ,1  liivlf  :uul  barb.i- 
|)liinilcr,  aP.il  rani- 
1  a  Ita'.c  dt'  nature, 
Miy  llnll'  anil  dc- 
h.-.t  iiiaintaincil  any 
,  ulu)  air.  liic.l  t he- 
lm tl'.at  jxrioii  rhi-\ 
ir.o  \(..li-  -JOO,  wl-eil 
I  C'raiiis,  tlic  f'Hin- 
li!ix'  of  illlic  in  lii-i 
nil-  I.)  the  FoIls 
in  S_{o,  a  jxaiant, 
tat  a;;v,  an.)  nilin;!; 
ia;y  lo  thi;  pccpli., 
iim  h's  tiiiio,  Ixi'ii 
^iv.oraiion  ot'  him, 
tainid  I'nvii  ihe  lalt 
when  l5olci"iau<  af- 
I  Moras  ia,  I'liiliia, 
libu'.arv  to  I'olanil. 
of  l\(.ci  Rufiia,  an- 

)i!i  wni  ("alim;r  III. 

•<.i;;n  ct"  l.euii  an;u> 

hmitmii:  the  pic- 

,  ua^    km.';   a! lb  oi'" 

O'.'.IA  t'lviuir  hn  na- 

■',.  1,  iii  ini;  I'liCLCi-J- 

!«i;.;is,  anno  i ;{"<}, 

hike   ot"  I.ith'.:ania. 

hridian,  ani  thi  it 

V.  ii  ot'  I'iilanii  .v\d 

e  been  unitc-i  e\<-i- 

uni,  an.l  uas  alio 
s  killed  in  a  battle 
r,  and  JeavinL^  no 

•  C','.!iniir  l\  .  b.e- 

•  I'uironi.    order, 
V   tlie  I'ojic,  there 

.I'lj'.-cd,  that  the 
t  1  ..iilrin  or  Ikeal 
n;li  ot  fealty  to 
the  re|releniali\es 
e>,  uere  lirll  (unl- 
et'lh>'  dates ;  the 
:i;l':ed  ekp^y  oiilv 
111  tlii-:  reii,'i  all'o 
•.eoi;ra;',eil,  that  it 
pcojile.  .Sigifiiuin.l 
,  111  w  hole  reij^'ll 
.t/.uk,   and  ibiiic 

le  Ruiiiin.  inva.k  1 

oiiie  knij^liis  who 

Othtr  |-'r(:\ini  e-; 

piv  I  IS  I'ontindid 

lar,. 

,  uas  ell  :ied  kiiv; 
arle  i,  tin  I  leiieh 
,1    i'lieeeeded  to  thi.- 

;'.■  Kli,',  uas  t'eoied 
.|'  /  lriir\ .  ill  his 
\M  r>'  111  It  er-eUii  ; 
.::-  ;1  wue  t.ie  i.ut 


Sr  dii'.lind 


i:i;:^oit; 


p    o    1. 


:ini',iiii 


1  ;!i. 


ii.n  ol 


ol.n 


ua 


fureedtn  fiv  ln;o  P, 


itnoiinLin.. 


l.in!- 


eialiii'ii. 


iiin,) 


d 


Inin,  anno 


i(. 


ciuniia.  Hut  in  iiii.igre,;r  Jm'- 
tielshe  appears  to  ha\elKei)  lb  little  i;i  t'avoiii  \>  i;i> 
Ills  ('u!)|ecisthe  Poles,  that  thcv  sjave  him  no  niaiinei  (.1' 


ihll 


and  in\^-iin,!.',  iJidna,  took  ilieiapi'a!  i.;': 


,1  \h 


iiKe  or  c  oiinreiuinee,  bui  left  hiii.  to  make  the  btib 


atvl 


ir. aiv  Iliac  en 


llkd, 


rl.i  tt 


.i\  inees  o 


r   Sll; 


.•killk 


:  11, (■ 
iiul 


i<iiii; 


jua  L  he  eoiilcl  uitli  I  iiillia. 


Allf^riilhl;,   111. 

Sranillaiis  I'onia 


ilieil  at 


Orefd 


e!i  in  I 


:.6}, 


when  Lo;int 


ro.vlki  was  uiMiimioiillv   eholdi  ki:i: 


to  I'oLind. 

L'!'.-.ui;a'.:s  leaviii;.";  no   i( 
t  lelher,   John    Caliinir,  ai 


b.  the  name  ot  Staiiidaiis  Aiij'ulUis 


I 


ie   \\;\    oorn  i: 


was  Tut 


ifi 


il -il   by  Iiis  ;i  I  7  {.',  and  ( rouned  km,' of  Poland  in  i7f'-c     Wiii:  ■  a 


|S,     lIuiU 


'h  h 


dWVi 


111    I^!i '  r^e':!  LIK  O, 


d  L, 


ks  Is, 


e    Ua-  '■    (invale   nobleiiiati,  lie   r> 


■d    ('( 


I 


e  lo'.  ,1.1  Ioi.iv!\'. 


•i.:ol>li 


t  I    ,i.,l 


i".'V)iri,i..l   I 


;r 


.'.n 


eLVian. 


o   Hie 


I'oh 


and  ua,i  hol'ell  a  iiieiiiber  uftli 

pecniiailv'  la\oiir(ii  bv  ll^e  eiiK-iel'.-  ol  I'Clili 


id  Ibn, 


!1K    b. 


.  r-,  to  t';i   l.uliiaiis  a.ia  i  ;!rk 


I' 


dhi 


11.1  U! 


.Ill''  O 


(  Ss 


powers,   ilie  p.iper.s  w  h 


ieil  l-.e  liuned 


n,  i(>:i.|U',retl    I'o-  i    nine  of  iiis   eleOlion,   were  de.-ii/d   too   favoiiia 


.l',.|l|    111   ll\  IllOilt 


an 


riav   o: 


!■  .iO,cc 


John  I    the  I'loteUani-:  i 


n 


'eiicral,  Vinii  i 


I 

iic(; 


m 


M  '.   Oili 


a''ai.i,r    li.e 


.Sw. 


•dc 


ii.iii!aii3  to 
;    but    the 


lie 

in  i'oJaiK 


ible  tu 
rtii.ii- 


ihe  ariii)-,   vdi;(  h  ihc  eivprefs  of  i^iilii.i 


I.  fi 


I'liillieil  a  prcteiire  tor  \aii(jii 


cont. 


ill-    li.'  inl  iideil  to  render  hnni'ill  ablolute, 


uiLuus  to  be  tonneil  aj'ain 


11 


bv  li 


■'■n 


re:ii\ 


111 


to  !• 


i.UKf.',  aiul 


oin.iii  ri.i_i 


lei;,. I    1- 
11   ol 


'...li'sl  '.'>-. i\'^  i!e. 
o  !o';;a  in  his  i, 
Iki 


.1  ,111:10   1  ii 


atiii/Ucs  1 


ami 


toiupiriti''  :ioi)ii 


iiuluiet 


to  thr 


1  ■  lUini  III 
al   Ic'tyll,  \i(i\. 


alk'Kianee  to  tiv.-  1 


•  e".  !t,-|i. 


:  anil  |wt  ihenif'Ke;  iimler  the  [;i-orec(ion  ol' tlie  (ii  uid 


Ik 

oi  V  i(  .i:..i  a:;. 10  1  i< 


Jciin      citiilki,    \wio 
ll.le.w.  lilsl. 


alU 


J  ni  • 
1.  alt^ 


I'iit  x.iie  lie- 
L.^d  on  tilt 
le.l  t!ie  lie;;i. 
11,.  leiL  n,  diet 


li 


>  otcMfioiied  the   O 


ttoii  an    1  o.tc 


I'l     .  1   ,;l  . 

L  ,  Oil  diedwuh  <.f  Sobitil.i,  tlicre  ajijiwiicd  a  f^rcat 
liriiii  i,i..!i:lUis  lor  the  tllron.';  but  the  p'inceof 
C  L,':i,i  i ,..!  tile  ;,',ii..;;i  li  niiinber  ot  ei,  wois  I'or  him,  and 
w,!-.  •,!'.«,  i.:!eJ  k,i-.;',ln  the  pmiMi  ■.  'ilk  n  li  ifilu  ean- 
I'ld.iu  ,  :  ;iM\.i,  ii.'iiiiiit;'  .\iii^uliii~,  tu -tor  ot' ,'^a\(m\, 
and  ,'.,:k;.!;,;  Ills  |'ar;  ii.iieh  I'l'jHiioi  to  ii:.K  of  the 
liMi  li,  ;he  I  Ii.  uir  svas  |iroc!ainie,.l  kriv,",  aniui  1C197, 
ail    i:-i  j'liiKt  111  Ccnti  obli<;;ei.l  to  veter  i  lo  I'raiiee. 

^■.  >  J..i.e  .dieadv  relatetl,  in  our  hiiiory  <d'  Sweden, 
til-,;  i:,!:i,;,r  in  .-.hiih  ,\ii-ulb!s  w  •, .  i!ii>vn  from  the 
!;,■  :;.  ol  lol.;".,!,  b'.  the  tikbialu!  C!-..ikvs  ?\ll.  (who 
J'''\  :,d  tile  a;i.;,..ii  i-i;:eiit  of  Si,uii!',ei-., '  .i:tA  after- 
\..ir^..  ^e'urv.i  h\  die  f/ar  i'lt^r  '.lie  H:^.:^  -,  and  (hall 
t':'.;\:  ■;:  ,  ;:iij  wd  lo  oblerN  e,  I'l.lt  .\i';j;ulliis  was  not 
k.  '.  ee.:,l,ii,K,l  on  the  liiront,  wh:,;!  he  iieki  upon 
(1  . ;:,",,.  teriiis,  nil  liie  u.'r  171;.  'I  he  i'ole-, 
i:i,  ■;.'.!.'.  a;:a  lied  to  .'>tanillall,^,  were  perpetually 
.1,  :..:•.•.■  ec  ;ii',  iraei,-;  aii.f  plois  a.L',.iinil  .Auj^ulhis,  who 
\.,r-.  i  !■;  .-d  1. 1  ii.,i'n:,o.i  hi,,  .liiil.ont',  O'.  means  ot  hi.s 
ia'.n -:::.;,.  ^      ' 

11  i;.,!,!.  nate'.d  Ion,  piir..  ;  M;;'.'i!,'e,  afr;  rv, -id,, 
ih  I.'.':.,  i:-,  t.'  i.iit  ."^ae,  w,,s  tJKi'e.i  i1ii,',e  oi  t'our- 
ia  li'  ;  ;-,i,;  .\e;,;.'.i,.  v  .i,->  not  ai'le  to  n  a.ilain  him  in 
I      '    i'". ■■•■.,    ,r  ,.;ii;l    tl;e    |,nii.rof    Ui.;,,.!,   aad   tile 

J,  \-<VA.    I  1  i(l(    1  111.  .. 

Ill  i..;„  \r.  ..ik:>  111.  di  '  ;  an,!  lv;dia:h  havi:i;r 
I  : ', n  1  V  ,  ,  ni  !'  I;..'  ti':;e,  the  r:;;i!'i ':'', s  (m'  b'r.i'iee  h  id 
i-,il:c,l;c\  ;.,1  .i|  ti,^  k.idiii;^  n  HI  1.1 '.,':■■:  ;  of  ,^:a:llf- 
l,':  ,v,l>  u  i:,i,! -h;  r  iiie  lr,n  h  I  ■„  '\;d  mar.iLd. 
('"  !.i  oilui  i:.;iK!.i!;t  ^  :i  ;  .:■.■;■  ,':i  '  :;iii:  ainadi  iiireiell 
to  1.!  .;:i,  ,  .\i  ;u;k: :,  ;l,e  i.  11  li'  :!;e  ;■;;.  kiii.r,  to  the 
M:'  ,;.,  \.l;o  \,,'.i  tiie  on!.  !u;:'..!',  ;'-e  il'L;e  ol  lll.s  Lite 
I  .  ,.l.'i  n;  I;.  ;:,  . 

'1  h  ■  I  i.iiih  ha',  in.'- !;a'lv\I  .n.rllie  ;■■'  •  are  to  t'leir 
iii:  ;■  II,  he  i,,i!  ,  .i\  ,  I  ,1-  1  ;;  1.  t,)  ,',e  :.  .  :,;!  p'!,i;in.:-, 
r:  .,1'  HI!;;  1  !,■.  :v  to  t  iki  li  eh  pie.il'ji.    a  ■   :  '  ,lu  ■  ,,diide 


.'^cij'.nior.     'Ihis   (K-i 

to  (((elate  war  a;;.iiiill  Riillia,  and  invaile  Poland  v.iili 

a  I'ouerfiil  army.      I  lurried  0:1   b\  blind  zeal,  the  ton- 

fidt  rates  |)ieei()itated   the  luinof  tlieir  desoted  toiin- 

tiy;  aiui  hime  of  the  neinhboiii  i:ii;"  pov.  eri,  invited  by 

their  ineautious  eiithiiliafm,  tin.k  an  adv.iiiia;;f  of  tliij 

ij  (;i\il  war,  and  difmembern!  this  onee  jiout  1  iiil  kin:;- 

ij  doip.     .So   far  w.u  ihlhmulation  iifed  in    the  difiiieiii- 

j    liernient,  or  jiartiiioiiiiig  of  l'(iiand,    (,\s    the  pow  lT'I 

;!  coneeriled  think   proper  to  term  it, i  tii. it  lh(\    a!'    e.%- 

jl  prcfvly  deny  liasing  had  the  lealliiueiition  to  I'ti/.e  anv 

I  of  the  Polilli  province*,  or  in  any  wife  to  divide  tlia! 

!  eoiin"y.    In  the  act  of  renunciation,  tranfmiuvci  to  dr 

I  court  of  Warfaw  in.  the  year    17^)4,  and  le.iied   with 

!'  the  fe.il  of  tlie   Ri:i!ian   er.ipjire,    the  eiiipr.  Is  cf  Rulii.i 

jj  lavs,  "  .She  did  by  no  means  arrogate,  cither  to  her- 

I;  felf,    her  heir.s  antl  fi:e,T|.|"!br,s,  or  to  Iv  r  enij'.ire,  any 

,'  ri:j|it  or  claim  to  the  diliiia,-.  or  territories  wliicli  were 


all  t  ",.,  ;,.  i>  tr,  i,i  l.;. 


'i'f  t    rone; 


t''i  l(d  lo  I  (.oi'.!,'"  p  !  Siaiiii.au-,  aiivl  e;.  !,.■  1  ■  :;;  •  elee- 
lor  I'l  ^.;\.  .1  .  Stiniilau;  N.a- a,iu  d!\  le-e'tv  :<  d '.0  the 
tl  1,  !.e  b.  .uoMik-.r-'ile  I'ait),  (  f  \-  h.ul.  ;!ie  pi:  •  ejni- 
II  •:  '..,:>  :k  llie  Iu.kI;  but  ,\i.:;i:i;  ;■■,  t  ::eriii;,';  i'Mland 
w,''  a  liOwei  f  d  ar'!;s  oi'  .'-.i\(>iH  ,ikI  Ruliiiiis,  eom- 
l':.~\]  r.:-  ii\,il  to  retie.it  i:;'.(>  1  \;:v,  .',iv  k,  from  w'Kii.e 
i:  ■  (■:   :i;    d,  wile,  ";re.u  dil'liv  ulr. ,  into  1  r.inec. 

•' ,'  e  kiiiu  oi  i  oiand  (iirtU'd  iiiio  ,1  ( iinledeiaey  wiiii 
I'.i\:::i,  1  r'..!'.ia,  and  ;'ie  1  leiu  h,  againll  the  lioui'e  of 
Ai:i'  M,  11  I  HO,  in  lio,  IS  ol'eoiiiing  in  lor  a  lh;i:e  of 
lh(,  l.,,,J  :,M>  (Ic!,  iiiioiis  ot'lhe  l.ue  emperor  Charles 
\  1.  Ill  u  l...  !;  I,. -did  iv-t  f.iceeed.  1  le  .ift(  r\\ard.s  chang- 
ed li.lis,  .;:,,'  iniei.d  inio  an  .dliaiu'e  widi  the  eiiijirel'- 


actually  in  polh.llion,  or  lubjeci  t;:  the  authoi  ify  ot  tnc 
kingilom  (if  Pol.uid,  or  sntai:  duichy  of  Litli'.iani.i ; 
but  t.'ial,  on  the  ( (intr.iiy,  lit  r  laid  irajtlty  woeid 
guar.intee  to  the  f.iitl  kingdcin  of  Polai'd,  and  dutehi- 
ol'  Lithuania,  all  the  ininuinitic;,  lanti,  tcrriterii,-,  and 
di!h-icls,  which  t!-.e  faitl  kingdom  #iii  dutthy  ought  !iy 
riv'lit  to  p(!li'efs,or  tiidnow  actually  po'IeG;  and  woultp' 
at  all  times,  and  for  ever,  maintain  iliiin  in  tiie  full 
an.l  fi\;e  enjowiieni  thereof,  againll  the  airemiHs  of 
,dl  and  e\My  i<erfon  or  |.trlbns  who  Ik'ndd  ai  any 
lime,  or  or.  any  pietext,  tndavour  to  dif,)ok!'^  tlieiii 
of t:l','  f.iilit." 

Tile  king  of  PruiTia,  in  t'^e  f.imc  \car,  ligiicil  an 
a''l,  ill  aliich  he  tle(  lared,  "  That  he  liad  no  ( laim  ;, 
f  >r:iutl  no  inetcnlioiis  on  I'o'and,  or  any  part  tliLi't - 
of;  antl  th.it  he  n  noiinced  al!  elahiis  on  that  kingdom, 
eillier  a.>  king  of  I'rulii,!,  ele.'tor  of  IJriindenburg,  or 
duke  of  Pomerani.i."  Ititlie  fame  inririimeli;  l;e:^aia- 
r.ntt ts  tile  rightsaitti  tei ritoric:-,  of  Polaiul  ag,!inll  every 
(:;!itr  power  uhattver.  The  emprefs  i|iie(  n  of  Ifun- 
;;.lr)  likcMife,  in  iliC  \\\\\;  r6:,  wrote  .1  ktler,  w;','i 
lurounha'id,  to  tiie  king  tif  Poland,  in  which  llie 
I' ue  him  the  llrongt  ll  alllirances,  "  That  her  I'liend- 
Ihip  for  him  and  the  reiniblic  was  firm  and  unalte- 
r.ib',-  ;  thit  the  iiioti(.n  of  her  troop.s  ought  not  to 
a.l.irm  him  ;  that  lla  had  never eiitert.iined  a  thought 
of  fti/ing  iin\  jiart  ot'  his  dominions,  nor  W(julde\eii 
felkr  all}-  other  [lower  todo  it." 

.sin-e  tli''l"e  illuiive  declarations  were  ninde,  an.l 
lallacioiis  protellations  given,  the  partitioning  poucis 
puidillied  each  a  manifello,  in  which  they  lefnectivel,' 
I  ii,l  t  laiiii  to  certain  of  the  Polilli  territories.  In  ihel'c- 
iiitieiilions  the  king  of  I'ruliia  flu'Wed  himfelf  a  deep 
piililician,  b\'  contrning  to  lav  claim  to  th.e  moll  \alii- 


lliar 


then  by  obtaining  the  riclielt,  moll  [)o 


,r.;;i   I' 


le  v.  as 


:k:it(. 


tlie 


puloiis,  and  moll  commerei,il  p,irts.    In  t!ie\ear  i""7a 
tl'.e  refpeciive  power;  thiew  o'l'  the  malk,  and  bej;an 


o   avow  rhe'r  ilite'ition- . 


The  P 


rufiKin  ■.tinlul,  hav^ 


c.i.ii.ll  ul    h 


C 


-111 


.No.  f. 


1,  [  luiidered,  .iiid  he 


111'  reCi 


ti  R 


'i ,  inllr'aaion^,  tool;  oecaiion  toquan 


I 


with 


^f| 


Hi 


'H 


'i 


■  hi*! 


pt). 


lit 


m 


"10 


A  NEW  ^0\\\.  \vnAL'Iin:\riCSVSTi:M<.i  LMVI'R-M.Gi  oc;r\['! 


with  rlicni.\,';i(lnUtsofD.un/.i<  k,  anilliiwin.;  hcvu  pal- 
jialilv  tin- :i,';,,KH()r,  v.as,  anDuliii,",  to  ihdk  inlliiK'- 
runis  r!ic  lull  lo  copipl.iin.  'I'hi'  km;;  ct'  I'luilia  inr- 
tiMiial  U>hr  lli'J,lll.  ntliiutul  ;  l.ui,  inltuul  (iricllHIU; 
toaiic.\ilan,itii)ii,(ir  lu.iriiij^lMiili  paiii^s  I'''  I'liii^K  iilv 
("iirpiilcil  the  cil\-  wit'ia  llKHi-  ltoii\  i>l'  troops,  linil 
tlictiia;;irtrati--.  100,000  ilmaK  tor  what  lie-  tirimci  iluir 
jnlolciii'i-,  Ciiztil  upon  1000  imn  to  rciTiiit  bis  army, 
r.Di'i  ha\  ill"  thus  cxcciiri'il  his  intintioiis  lirlJ,  In-  bf^'an 
',\.Tv  calml',  to  arjTUc  thf  iiiattir  "  ith  tlu-  ma^iltratcs 
r.tt(.rMarJs ;  and  hasingrooli.  rinion(hati.il  \wlh  thi-m 
rn  tiiiir  iiiipniiiin.i.-,  as  he  (.allii.)  it,  tolil  them  to  do 
lo  no  iiion-,  and  iic  would  tVirl\  tor;'i\c  tluiii. 

'I'his,  I'.ouivcT,  \*asa  trifiiiii;  pri  huli.' to  what  uasio 
fol'.ou  i  tor,  the  cnfiKn;;  M-ar,  the  I'nillian  troops  eii- 
t'wl  ('"rtat  Fol.m,',  and  i  irried  oil'  from  that  jiro- 
\ii'(e  .ii'.d  \'.i  nLi^hliourhood  abo\e  i:,ooo  t'uiiiiies. 
•Mvn.i  the  1  lUer  >.iul  oj"  the  lame  ;.  ear  his  I'nilli  in  ma- 
■;  l\\  pulilill'.eda;s  edicl,  commaiuling,  under  the  moll 
ll.e!e  pe'i.ihlei,  tint  all  perlon.s  IhoiiKl  take  inp.iy- 
ireiit  iirt'.i  '  'e,  provitionN  corn,  horlVs  i\:('.  t'le  1110- 
iiei  ('tiered  h.  Iiis  'roc^p;  and  commin.iries.  i'his  nio- 
niV  v.a- either  li'vei  li'.ai  ini;  the  impri-llion  ofl'oianvl, 
.111  I   worth  nn!v  oiethir^l  ot'iis  nominal  value,  ordu- 


ea'. 


,  i'r 


111  ir.iitaiionot'  iXiteh  lUi 


eat- 


hut  abose  1  ■ 


j)ercc:h.  .nllriorin  valu'  to  the  real  dueat->  otHol  land. 
Witli  this  \erv  bale  money  ho  boiiyiht  up  a  fuilieient 
(]i!anii:y  ot" forage  and  pro\ilion^  to  Dock  his  iiml^i- 
yiius,  and  fupplv  his  ainiy  for  two  uars  ;  and  ilie 
|)()or  inh.aiv.ta-its,  after  havinu;  been  lluis  obliged  to 
part  from  their  property  nuu  h  below  its  value,  were, 
ihrnigh  ne.etlitv,  compelled  to  ( ome  to  re-piirchafe 
eorn  i'roni  tliol'e  ir.aga/ines,  and  to  pa\  good  fubllan- 
ii.;l  Mon.n  for  it  ■,  for  thi  i'rullian  ^()mnlll!ian^■^  abfo- 
hiteh  refufed  to  receive  again  the  fame  coin  which  tiiey 


h.-.d  paid.  I'voiii  thi.  curinii,,  though,  niit  \ci.  Iio:i.  :1 
nianunivre,  the  king  of  I'nillia  cleared  y.ooo.cco  ti"I. 
lars.  I  heiounii',  b^ingrl.us  ihinpelof  money  and  pro. 
viiions,  the  ne\t  planofhis  I'rui'ian  majelly  was  loc!  ar 
it  of  its  inlv.ibniniv.  'I'li  increalethe  iiopulation  ofiiii 
ow  n  ilominion-,  at  tlic  i  \jieiv.e  of  i'ol.'.n  I,  had  lo.r^ 
beiii  his  aim.  To'-his  iiid  hieiiicted,  lii.it  evir\  citv, 
town,  village,  \c.  in  the  pLues  wiii^li  '.  is  tioojs  pof. 
feUed,  Ihould  tiirnilli  a  cert. tin  number  cfmarria;'.al)le 
young  women  ;  and  the  pareiiis  wi-re  ordered  to  give  as 
a  jiortion,a  fe.it her-bcvl,  tour  pillow  .,  a  cow,  two  hogs, 
and  threiiiucats  in  gold.  This  crnl  order  wa;  rigo. 
roully  e\ecu[eil.  Ihe  parents  wore  iJripped  :o  fiippU 
extorted  portions  for  the  children  lavillied  hom  tluir 
arms.  The  sonng  women  were  ir'.hum.mly  dragged 
trom  their  |iarini-,  their  friend-,  a.'ul  tluir  coniveiion-i; 
and  being  bound  hind  and  toor  like  criminals,  weic 
carricil  off,  in  fpite  of  the  lanientatioiis  of  tlicmfel\i.s 
and  relations,  in  cart::,  waggons,  ^'c.  .\fier  ihisciiiel 
exertion  of  arb;;rary  power,  the  exa>-iions  trom  liie 
abbies,  C()n\enl^,  catlicdrals,  nobles,  ^^;c.  were  fo  great 
and  iiMrean>nabIe  that  the  nobles  tied  trom  their  cliate--, 
aikl  reiiretl  into  tonign  coiinriii  ;,  and  :he  prielV;  aban- 
doned  their  chur-'ies.  At  hngth  the  triatv  of  paru- 
iion  wa-;  declar:'d,  and  [)oHel:ion  taken,  b\  trie  relpec- 
ir. e  |)owers,  of  the  pro\  inces  ul',ir|)ed  ;  when  l'nli;li 
I'riilHa,  and  fomedirtri'ls  bordering  ujionlSr.indenliiirg, 
were  allottcil  to  the  king  of  I'rulii.i :  ah,, oil  all  riie 
toiith-ealtern  parts  of  the  kin;;dom,  with  th'-  rich  fali- 
works  of  theciinMi,  I'lll  to  theemprefs  i|iieen  of  I  lun- 
g.ir\  ;  and  the  er.i|>rcls  of  Rullia  took  polleliion  Cil'j 
large-  leiriforv  about  Moliilow.  'i'his  violent  difniLin- 
bernunt  and  par'irion  ol'  I'olan  I,  hayjul'l'.'  been  (nii- 
tideridas  the  lirll  great  breach  in  tlic  luodun  p.olitical 
l\  Hem  I'f  luirope. 


c    II    A    r.     \iir. 


K  !  N  G  D  O  iM 


O  F 


P  R  r  S  S  I  A. 


A  "-;  Pn:!":.;,  fo  eallcd  from  the  norulli,  the  ancient 
J\  i':'..iliitaii'- .  of  the  countr\ ,  lias,  t'rom  the  coni- 
r,i:  ,M.ii,.i-t  of  the  ••■relent  century,  become  a  tbriiii- 
d.'.ile  p'cer  i:;h.-i  i';e  coiuinent  of  I.uro|)e,  v\e  lli.iil, 
t"ii|- ;',  .■  i;.!i'i-:K',;')n  df  'ui:  reader  ^,  jii'i  fent,  m  one  point 
1,1  \a'.,  .I'.l  t'.e  t.  rnK'tics  under  the  dominion  of  the 
i'ri.:\  in  ;-,.'i  i: ^  li,.irianging  them,  'a  ith  refp:.  ct  to  name 
,i!id  liii.itii'ii,  ;a  liie  following  order,  and  defi  ribiiig 
ilmri  .1-  '.iic.  pro/reliivtl;  (K\ur.  'the  diMliclis  and 
;ilu.;:;oi:i  .ire  a.  tillijv. . 


IVu  il,n,.w  Ue'/al  Pu!i;ia        1 
i:r„;idc:K.::-g     "-      -      -      ^    j 

.^V.  idiiil  eillM  -  -  -  J  I 
Vl.cj'.leluiig  -  -  - 
II.;1:  ri'a  i:  -  -  - 
(.!.i:/.  -  -  -  - 
M;;..:.n  -  -  -  - 
Kave:v!)i:'  -  -  - 
I.'n  .:i      '  - 

Lle\e  ,      .        -        -         _ 

.\iair.     -       -       -       - 
^lark       -       -       -     -         i 
J'iil!  1  rieii.ind       -       -       1 

i.ippe   .    -    -    -    ; 

oiii.k     -     -     -   -     r 

'!  lu  k'enbuig     -     -     -        J 
fa.'dr         1 
Neuf'hntrl       - 
i'lii  ol  Sileiia 

1  ::e  ei'i'lllries  laid',   a.liiieni- 
Oi.i..J  li\.;ii  I'uIaUvi. 


ri'ol.ml. 
L'pj;er  Saxony. 

Lower  Saxonv, 
Htil'.cn.ia. 


-   ,  Dm  h\  of 
'  \  "3   !  W'eliphalia. 


Cir.  le  of 
W  illphalia. 

NeMii  riands. 
.S\iitzeiland. 


Piussi  \,  tbrmerl'.  teriiKil  l)i  i  m  ,  but  now  R  (.  •  ' 
Piii  ssi  \,  i.,  bounded  on  the  noiih  by  p.irt  if  '-'anio- 
gilii,  on  the  foiilh  b\  Malo\ii  anil  I'ol  uvd  Proper,  o  ; 
the  e,i;t  In  [lail  of  1  .ithu.illi.i,  ..nd  on  the  ue!l  In  I'oli'o 
I'ruliia  and  the  i'altic  ;  the  length  being  about  iijj, 
and  the  bieaiith  .ibout  1  12  miLs. 

.\utunin,  in  thii  country,  i^  ufually  wet,  aiiel  wint,  1 
fevire;  \ctih.c  air  Is,  in  giiieral,  wholefonie,  being  pu - 
rifled  by  high  winds. 

'i'lie  (  hief  productions  of  I'rulTia  are  corn,  Max, 
hemp,  fruit,  hojis,  [)alUirage,game,fbxi  s,cat'le,  l,o:fe,, 
(lieep,  deer,  bears,  wolvis,   luixes,  wil.i  boai-^,  \c. 

'I'he  Ikiltii  ,  w  uhthe  rivers  and  lake-.,  pleniilall)  fup. 
[il\  the  inha!i:iants  with  lilh  ;  aiivl,  on  tl-e  ihi)re  of  t.'ie 
fonmr,  great  i]iiantities  of  amber  are  t'ound,  en,  loi'ed 
in  will,  n  are  ofun  leenfpid.i.^,  tiics,gnat-,,  miner.ils, 
'  a'. es,   hill-.-,    frogs,   ant-,   chops  of  veaui,   ]iieces '.l' 

p<ceuliari:} . 


v.ooil,  iVc.      Pope  tluis  e  c.iiiiini.nis  o:!  ilus   \.oiK!erf.:! 


Prett\  Inamber  toobferve  the  forni.s 
Of  hair,  of  llraw,,  of  iliri,  of  grub-,,  of  wormv. 
'I'l-.e  things,  we  know,  are  iieith.-r  lie  !i  or  laie  ; 
liut  \.  onikrhow  tin- di  \  i!  the)  got  th.cie. 

'I'liis  veiy  reii'arka'ile  fililhinee  is  elef  nhed  b)  an 
eminent  natural  hiliorian  in  the  following  w;'rd.. 

"  .\mber  is  a  hard  biiuiiinous  fiibllan,  r,  briti'e, 
fomew  hat  tranfp.iicnt,  and  ol'.i  \illow,  or  <itiiiu-(o- 
lolir  ;  tiiough  fometiii.es  il  is  wlutilh,  and  (ometinics 
brow  n.  '1  lie  t  ill  is  fomew  hat  at  rid,  aiul  blMnlunol;^, 
w  ith  a  little- ,i'li  ,11  ,.iic\ .  'I'lu-  fi.i  !i,  .\  !)e  n  warm,  is 
tragr.i.'U  and  o.unuiinjus;  ,im!,  wlicnrubbed,  il  will  at- 
tract 


f'.  1 
I'.i  • 
J .'. 
i!.t- 

ei.e 
\    1 


^l;l1^,  111"  worm-.', 
l..  1  I  ii  !l  111-  Mil   ; 

uot  ii;ru-. 


KUROPK.] 


KINGDOM 


O  I 


P  U  U  S  S  1    \. 


7M 


tr.ii-''.  ftraw;  and  liii;  ot'ilii  k-.  h;,'  its  tlcirii  :'l  \  iruie.    It 
is  t'oiiiul   in  lar^o  qiKiiiiitics  in  I'lulli.i,  wliicli   i^  the 
coiintn  ulurc  it  isdiictly  ;;(ii,  |virticiiiariy  in  clu  l>:i!ti(. 
f^''.i,    luar   thi.'    (liorc  ot' .^i)il  i\  ia,    mIhiv  it   i^  loiiiul 
f\\  iiiiiiiin<^  upon  tin.'  water,  ami  is  taken  in  tut ;.    1  iow- 
cvcr,  tiiis  hitiinun  is  not  a  prnjiktion  otthi-  Ra ;  for 
its  «a;u-  (itii\  Icrvcs  to  ualli  it  oil"  iVoin  the  howtl:.  of 
the  eaitli,  ;;iul  remove  it  to  (ikue;  near  the  (hoie.   The 
^cins  I'C  tlii  -  liifimien  hive  liein  loiiiui,  hv  the  oicier  ol" 
tl'.e   Kin^' I  r  Pnillia.      In  iii;^'^in;';  foi- tlietn,  thev  lirlt 
rut  with  (".::i'.i,   \iliie!i,  heini;  taken  a»a\,  a  itiatiini  el' 
ciay  ;;p;eaieJ;  aiul  liill  ileiper  there  uai  the  mineral 
<;!' \  ilru'l,  uhieh  l)eiii.f  expoleii  to  the  open  air,  it  «a> 
ro\ere,!  with  an  eif!ore(eeiiee  of  <;reen   \itriol.     Still 
ttei  jier  there  ua;  a  laiuty  mineral,  out  of  uliirh,  with 
{•riipir  inlinri\ents,  they  i;ot  amher  in  variiiiis  places. 
li;  tliis  mean;,  in  tlie  iVIarehe,  near  Kiiftrin,  as  alio  in 
the   Trai  k  of  St<)l[)en  anJ   I)ani/iek,  it  was  met  with 
aiiioMi;-  I'a'iil,  an.i  loimd  coiK'  Uil  in  heaps  ;    whenre  it 
ajrieais  thev  uere  ;;reatl'.  milKiken,  who  took  itf'iirthc 
rolin  ol'tiees,  that  drojipeii  ti'mi  then)  into  the  (ea.     It 
ilen.s    to    pr.KeeJ    t'lom  a  hifiiminous    foliile   w ooil, 
iiy   the  alliltanee  of  the   Jliiiterranean    heat;    which,  i 
at  firil,  is  proliahiy  like  petroleimi,  M\i\,  after  paliini;  ; 
throi:i;h  the  mineral  of  vitriol,   ();,  the  mixing  there-  \ 
^^iih,  lieeonies  coaj^iilateii  into  a  haril  boiK.      There  i^ 
no  doiiht  that    it  ha:,  been  lii]iiid,  beeaiife  if  is  often  i 
foimd  in  a  round  form,  eontainii'.;^  fevcral  forts  of  in-  1 
feilis :   befuli  s,  the  oil  uhuh  i    obtained  from  ambej-  i^, 
for  virtue  and  fiiieil,  like  petroleum.     C'harl.nn,  who 
Mas  a  \eiy  ureal  nuuraliU,  has  foiiietmie.-.  found  real  pc-  ' 
troll  um  in,  liideil  m  pieees  ol'amher,  w  hi'.li  is  a  t'artliei' 
reafon  to  prove  what  is  allerted.       I  he  j^reatefl  plentv  ' 
(if  thi;  bUiuiien  i,  f'.nuui  ne;ir  the  lliore  of  Sudavia,  af-  i 
teraviolen:  north  u  ind, attended  wiihatcmpelh   .Some-  I 
times  amlv  i  i .  lb  tianfparent,  a.  to  fef, e  to  make  burn-  j 
int^r  nkiKi^,  one  of  uhii  h  is  ke|>t  in  the  ea'imet  of  the 
i.ind|^ra\e  ot'J  leHe  C'atiel.    Amber,  propirlv  piv;\u\\i, 
heeoiues  a  inedii.  ine  for  openins;  the  oblinittions  of  the 
bowels,  an>l   promoi.n;'   ;ill   forts  of  excri'lions  ;  and 
C()nfe.]iien'l'.  is  a  \erv   ufeful  remedy  in  i  hronieal  dif-   ' 
c.es.    It  i.slik"Mi!e  fiiil  tobe  sery  ellieaiious  in  eurin_; 
«"old  diliird.  rs  ot'the  brain,  anvi  partieularh  in  piinsof  ! 
tiie  !;<  ad,  il'i;i\    and  ei>nvu!ii\e  dileafes,  a;  well  as  in  ' 
'ir.  lU'i  ir  and   Ir,  pn.  lu.ndri.ir   fis.       I  !i.' dole  i>  from  a  . 
feriipl',-  io  a  i!i:nii  i'l  a  po.u  lied  ei.;;-;',  or  anv  other  pro-  i 
j;cr\ehicle.   The  MiLi'.ile  fall  of  amber  is  iliuretie,  ;ind  ■ 
a'.''.'o;:'Vet!  a  f.:;;.  iiic  in  li\  llerie  anil  eon\ulii\e  liiil-ali-s. 
'llie.ii.jl  i-,  fii'm   JO  L-,raini  to  lo.       fl'.eoil  isreiom-  i 
l!.i  ".I'd  '!!  ;•■:  \:'us  diii-rd.r:,  pirtituLirlv  inihe;;oui,  | 
pa!  '  ,.;',  I  i  ■•.•:■;!■:■,  !\-.  ano;n;inff  ihepiarts  thereuith.   It 
i.. ;      ;  •!  i^rn  .Mr,'>.  It.i;  t '.  ■  f'l  f.'-ent'.  diii[)s. 

'  ewife  I'l  Hind  hire;  an  i  a:i  in-  ' 
I".  e:iif  il  r-d  enluur  (ailed  St. 
^\'(K)d,  pit-etvil,  uav,  honev , 
'  ■(':'■..•  allies  ol'fome  kinils  of 
id.;'i  nduil  ;-f  l.d.es  and  ean.iis, 
aeri'i.'  euua'i'. ,  v.  Iiu  hafli'ird  <.^i;..)d 


a. I  ol  r.  .:y\\ 


re>;.  .  I\.'i 
josn  ,s  I'l'. 
Jill    'i,  ■>  ■  . 

V....d   .   '.!> 

J. -.el.:; 


'•  vl  I-.  r.; 

a!'<i  Hi 

>  !    ni.i' 

■  r,\( I  ■  " 


In  1454,  one  half  of  Pruflii  rcvo!t.-d  from  t'lC 
kni;'hts,  and  p;it  ilfelf  under  the  proteetio.i  of  Poland. 
'liii^  oieaiioned  an  almolt  eontimial  war  bccui.\t  th.ic 
country  and  theordir,  till  the  year  15:5,  when,  by  a 
treat)  coiKliuledaf  Cracow,  it  was  agreed  ihar  .\lberr. 
Margrave  of  lirandcnbiir;;,  the  l-^lh  and  kill  nialler  of 
the  Teutonic  order,  lliould  have  the  eaflern  part,  under 
the  title  of  a  diitchy,  and  that  it  fhoulii  defceiid  to  his 
.md  his  brother's  male  heir.s  as  a  (ief  of  Poland  ;  but 
in  i^i>7,  fheelodor  I  reJeriek  William  had  thi  io\e- 
iei;;n!\  coif  ri;nd  :o  him  and  his  heirs,  on  condition  ct 
ils  reliiinin:',-  I')tlie  f'oles  in  c;ile  of  the  failure  ol'lieir'i 
male.  In  173;,  Ducal  Prullia  was  railld  to  a  kinL^il-iin 
In  the  eleetor  I'rederiek,  who  was,  in  a  llion  time 
after,  iiniverfally  acknowledged  as  kin  ;  of  Prullia. 
.\t  the  lime  of  his  coron:i:ion  :-.t  Konin_L;lb.r;.%  he  inlli- 
tiited  the  oriler  of  the  Waek  l'!;i,i;!e.  'I'ht  enli-n  i,  a 
IX'^IA  erof,  like  that  of  Malta,  enamelled  w  i:h  blue,  ani 
worn  at  the  end  of  a  broad  oiaiii^e-coloured  ribbon, 
which.  palVes  over  the  left  Ihoiilder.  The  fo\eieii;n  is 
grand  malUr;  and  the  number  of  kni,;hti  are  alua)^ 
thirty. 

Another  order  is  that  of  Merit,  founded  by  his  late 
I'riiliian  Majelh,  in  the  \ear  i';40.  The  mark  is  a 
golden  crofs,  with  eight  points,  enamelled  with  azure, 
;ind  on  the  u]>permoll  point  is  the  letter  b' troMiied  ,- 
on  th.;  three  louermoft  jwints  this  motto,  /-br  Mcr,/ ; 
and  on  the  four  other  jJoints,  which  form  a  St.  An- 
drew's  crols,  ;iie  fo  many  fpread  ea;.i;!es  in  gold.  IT.i^ 
(tar  is  tixeil  to  a  black  rii)bon,  which  they  put  about 
their  necks,  and  it  hangs  down  their  breall ;. 

The  late  king  ofPiutlia  brought  the  trideof  ih'a 
countrv  intoa  \erv  llourilhing  lituation,  by  the  inftiai- 
tion  of  .III  excellent  police.  I'hc  imports  arc  trivial, 
and  the  exports  m;iny,  confeqiiently  the  l)alance  is 
greatly  in  favour  of  the  eoiinirv.  fhc  nunuficturcs, 
exports,  ^:c.  Ixing  iron  work,  paper,  copper,  brals, 
li.'i;  M,  gold  lace,  fiKer  ditto,  nual  liores,  (illi,  o.it:;icali 
lallou,  glafs,  giin]iow<kr,  cloih,  camblet,  lilk.  Hock',; 
iiigs,  amber,  liiifeetl,  hem!)feed,  nieail,  caviar,  tXc. 

I'his  countrv  alone  brings  his  Prullian  majelly  a  very 
conlider.ible  revenue,  the  lingle  article  of  amber  pro- 
ducing :fi,ooD  dollais  annually.  The  oihcr  ixveiiue-f 
aiife  from  the  crown  demefnes,  duties^  cudoin:;,  toih, 
fubiidks,  ^;c.  The  king  ofPiulIia  is  abfolute  in  thi» 
as  ttell  as  in  all  his  other  doaiinioni,  in  |H)litic.il,  civil, 
ei.clrlialli.al,  and  feudal  maUn-. 

The  country  is  giiverned  by  a  rei'.ency,  conlilling  of 
four  great  olhcers  ol'  llate,  viz.  the  gteat  mailer, 
biirgia'.e,  c'lancellor  and  marllial.  Thefe  are  a:lilted 
I",  coimfelhirf;  of  Hate,  depiuici  from  th.e  noble;,  and 
d.  piities  from  the  comii;.i;i>,.  Mere  are  likeuife  a 
b;)i|-,|  of  i-.)mmcice,  a  board  of  nsv  igation,  a  Cvillege 
of  war,    a  dem  I'r,.-  chanilki,  and    feveivd    tiibunals  of 

jlllfil  c. 

I  lie  m:lir.ir\  clkiMillrm  nt  here,  a-;  in  all  other  parts 
i:fhis  I'luilian  ma;ilt.'s  uomir.ioii .,  is    ver,  co;y,id.-r- 
(•!ich  regiment  is  quartered  iifion  a  i)ariicular 


iiMan.i  11. 1',  1 
liir.-  ^  :',  lie 
i'lev  ioiiv 
rXi.air.i; 
c  !   1.1  !■  ;s 

S'l-vh;,,:,; 
.11  .    ....  I 


:l,. 


'.:i'  n.   l  I.  udam.ig'  s,  tiouescr,  are  loi;;i- 

ir  i'i'.;".,i.i'.ic'n-. 

e    .  ir  I"  I'),  !  he  inhahiiant.  of  Prullia 

'.!'.;  '  .■.■m!.1"  of  bearin  :  ;!rms,  amount - 

SiiK„'    lint    I  eiioil,    I -,000 


men  of  that  diifriet  b:\ 
to  join  the  regiment  uhen- 


V  Ith 

!'.;;ii;',i 


I'' 

i- 

.1    ■  ;.'.!l' 

1'. 

1 

:i  ':  Ml, 
;.:;'.;ivr 

i! 

e  i.i 
'. :    I 

\ ' 

'V'.,' 

,    h:-     ,  ^ 

(.. 

.  rill 

m   r  ..i 

li' 

.elt 

•\'  tie  M 

t! 

e  111 

li.     iil'V; 

!  i    I'll 

I 
I 

t'.i 

•  1 . '.    1 .  1 

t!ij    li' 

'..in  niimbc'- 1)1  (ierman,  S',\  if. 

I',  fettled  i:i  thiscci. ntr;  ;  and 
,  lu'.e,  I'ciit'vCjUiiu  !  J  ilu'ir coming  iii'.o 
ceacd  a:'d  fi.'iinded  1  1  lo",  ns,  400  vii- 
l.e  ,  Si,  le.ils,  and  ijjio  I'cho;)!.-,  :  lup-c 
::i'',  il.i:  Ills  at  the  p.relear  time  mull  be 
•i!i:du;;i'le. 
•1  ar.'lJ, 
•!',    pic'.i:     ^ 

;;  .  ol  til-  I  au.  nic  ci'd.er  made  ;i  con- 
ii'  •  c;)i':i:n  ,  in  wh:cii  they  committed 
:;in  bir't'iii  ie^ ;  fiir,  inllcad  of  conveit- 
",  I  reicndid  v..i;  iheir  vic'.v,  iheyevtir- 
:■.■,    :.:;,l    jHit   tiiC    l-ierm;iils    in    tlieir 


d. ;  :1;  ■  l.'.rdi.rans and  (.■al- 
ia the    I  ;th  century  the 


dillriei ;  and  all  the  vouny 
regiflered,  the;  are  oli'i;i:ed 
ever  comiiian  led  fo  to  do. 

Th! ;  ( •iLiiUi-.  is  nov,  div^fd  itito  the  iirnvitice-;  nl 
Smalaad,  \aataa;!,aii,  Olial.ind,  and  l.iuie  Lithua- 
nia. 

i  he  pi'O'viii'c  or  (.ule  of  Si-aakiad  li..^  tiear  the 
gulph  ot'Co'.a'land,  aiul  isn  lebr.iied  lor  the  vail  quan- 
tities (;f  amber  u  hicli  .  re  found.  up;in  the  co.ilh  The 
priiiiipal   place;  of  tl;i;  jirovince  orcircle  are, 

Ko.'iiglbiig, or  jivoninglbenj,  the  cai>ital  not  onlv  ol 

'  this  provia^e,  but  of  ihe  whole  kingdoni  of  Pnilf'i  ; 

'  and  is  liiuated  on  the  river  Pregel,  in  i;4ileg.  .|  -  miti. 

north  kit.  and  :i  dcg.   ^;  luin.  call  long'.     It  i~   wed 

I  fortified,    h  !.■  leveii  bridges  over  the  Prei'vl,  .lad  w  is 

fo'.ui'ded  by  Oilbcartus,  or  Fremil1;iiis  I.  k i.tg  of  Moli;-- 

mia,  in  the  year  1  ^5 .;,  when  that  king  came  to  the  af- 

':  lilian--eof  ihe  Teutonic  knightsag;iiiii!  the  I'.iganSnia- 

;  landers.      Ii  >  onfills  pio[ieily   of  three  tovsns,  f,!rnK\i 

I  bv  fo  niiinv  branch  s  of  the  river,  with  i!i>;  rel'pective 

'     ■  '  fuburlj; 


•j'ii'fj 


''f 


i 


■i      , 


f  ■ ;  '■ 


■I    r 


'  Hit 


V   !  1 


li.r 


M.W,  \\0\  \l 


mi  XTicsYsri'M  <.;  i.M\i:u 


(.:  '. 'CRM  i!' 


l.ilKirh^  f. 


1 1 


i- .1  i"|;.i.' D'.is  i.ii\ ,  Mi\  popul'i'.i  ,       ti-rmiiiation  i.t' il:i'  So 


It  It  |ii:ils  u:v  I  i;:r  U\\ 


(I  (-(inr;!'!' .  .1  'iiMl  MinnlKi'ot  itiLV-t<  and  lu)Ul..s;  hut 


;1liiiiit 


lU'on,  ,uu 


!'.   |.ii..l>t  l'.i\  Uiroiicc  llini't.  u,i  l;i  ,n 


ill.-  I 


i.micr  arc 


!;lid 


iMit   «  ,;r.(.;it  r!i-<'.llKi.', 


;i  i>  1 11     [  .HI 


'.lul    1 


WislA  \ 


).  r  cic  rri 


i  v.iil' 


I 


ii;.-  I'i  .m  ai'iiii 


:iik1  till' l.:t.-    '  j/ituiiul,   alter  li,i\in 

.iin  t'.nin.l-  -  .ilori;'- ill.  Ilioi'!.  <M   th.   l;alii'  ,  .cuU.I'uii  .iii.i;iii  i;,\. 


.>H  I  : 


111  In  (-nc  o*'  til.'  In  it  d-.ilsis  ot"  I  rulli.i.      1  luivis  no-  -  v.aw 


th 


-nc 
intr  unr 


rli  i-.lirii\.iti"  1  in  it,  I  \i 


cdiuliM   ';\i!'--;'(iit!   !.:i\i  n 


1m    C 


l.tith. 
Hi 


anil 


r,  vM.enlu'  aitt_ril.ll  tliL'  ilu; 
"■IV  d  lv,   !!■'■  ( ;rii  nil's   I,  ;  ■ 


:|ir  till'  (iil;iiii.il  l;it(  - 

■Ilk-.  \  .   to   Martin 

1'  \\  nriin  in  I  , :  I , 

I  iii^  nui i; ^  piv- 


W, 


'luat    aiul   litt!'.-   I  rr,'i  I  i'-js'.  i:i:i  i 


Irn  I' 


il.iu,  at  the  ({inlliix  i  I'  il.r   I'n  ■ 


I  a  I  I    V 


I  11  ll.."  (!(    tiK-  II 


lil'.dll'H-l 


l.iri._< 


iir.  luati;  '1 


.1'  ll,    k.ii. 


1.',   II  n<  .1 
;i;.     1  h,  . 


\  to  tk   \\  .lK\,ili:ir,r  l.tlVii'.  till   I: 


linatii.?'.      Ko'iini.llH  r'.'   las  a  i  :inli  It  laiii^'  trait.-   in       w  lu  n  the  kiiu;  d  ri.ili  .i  riir.'iiiiitti  tli 


ij: .  it   til 


aiiil  it.iv  ;  Ih;1  ir  i>  iV'.cii  (uiiii.;  i,  or  !<  JMiLlill 

i  till 


111 

liiiiwa  Iroiii  IMl.iv. ,   tin-  liM-iMur  at  f..   n;ini!:i  u 


iiiN,  an>i  lliilr  ivIim  ii\v'  rcil 


I 


ll'  pro\  mcc,   <ii   I  ir 


ill  Nanta 


jivir  Prt;'.'.!,  lb  ili.'i  only  \iry  l;r.all  \i!u!iaii  conic    |  >niaruivl,  istrtilc  an  ;  juipiiloii.,  and  i. 
ii;i  to  thi'toun.      In  tho  iit\  aiul   I'li' 


tv;.i-i,  a.iHii:i;  to 
oiu  ;..'i>  ill..  1..1 


ll.'-.  art.    ii'ati)     i   lo\t  iiijr  pi^u^.s  : 
.IciK,  p'.ibhr  auil  iM'lvatc,  v  ii:-.  1' an-  yitai  ^  ;i.l\!iiUi-  ;        .\n;;i  ilnir;',  wliii  li  is  I 


to  It.   Tl 


t'l  in  if' 


;.il..l  I  Pi'.  1..  C.ii;,,   tiftlt-  l|  ilir.lljfvi  I.',  a  II 
l.ir  to;  r  !:•■  ii.oii,  ot  a  ('.Ulan  lorni,    I  the  ri\i  r  .\ii:.',  r 


nil. 'Mil 


run;'  i.hilf,   ii: 


,!  I 


r    iu::!.i  lo; 


.1  r 


i;rioi< 


'ro.nl    i!i!;  !k    . 


II 


.ir  ][.•<  (  l;i:ii  1 


\.  111.  I,  l<  I  ,.o.u  it. I 


H.MiiriKi 


.   !    .Ml;' 
,:iui  Hill 


I  'i'liKrl'.'  a  :  l.i!' 


•1,  .Hi,!  i:  ■  iiMilf  IS 


Hill. 


,(■ 


ar.  I  iii.'r  lli.   r.,il,i(  r  li  ll".f 


l(."j;!iii;i  rru'vr: 


Ml, in.  Ki'.,.';  ^  thi' 


hniji 


II.: 


n  ■ 


-111, 


rixir  ('ill 


,  a  l-,.;n  :|i  nic  iomh,  v., in  a  <\'.{t\.-  o.n  rhe 
I  ir,   iM  n.  ll'  III  with  I  Mall  and  lai'ir.ii!. 


tii:'.,',    In  111  »  111. ;;  .ii<oN . 


rlon.s 


:!i.,i'.\c'n,  on  tni-  i? 


\\r  On. a,  his  two  tallies  to 


reci:\c 
I'l'l 


m- 


;.'.(•  i-i  ,1  Ml 


11   I  iiiiikd   I""  n,  V  I 


an  flc'^aiii  |- 


1  IS 

mIiIi  line  !:.ii.l.:is 


lilt    I  M..i    li),in,l..l  i:i    i{:5;  a:ul  in   it     nhiukv  u  a  li' 


!'■ 


i^nrr,  litiiai-  d  ar 
!'iM:e-ll.-ff; 


!;■■  i;.f)i|;h  ol  ' 
-)  liDles  ft   ' 


.Lu  ! 


1 11  co.iiaM 


ed  a  lhutins.r  i'l'-'.d   ll 


lar   t'ir  e  .ilioi'.lec 


u  ot 


1. 1'  cattle !   hut    ■  im  i!  is 


■|  he  lan/ei    \illtl.,  ton  i^^md  to   k 


lb 


tie.i'.i  r  .;iK 


tak 


1-  in  ilieir  iar!j,":i  s 


oMiiv,lt)tn. 
here,   as  M.e  i  ixli  lit. 


•    I 


|Mll'.'!:';:o  for  an  hiind.. : 

ii|'.ar.ired, -Md  ine  reljxvtivt  parts  itaij;  diinini;  t 

v.,i!iiin:r  ot' the  waters.     As  tl 


k; 


11'  nf.,',liDoiii  inn,  pioj  le 
1  !i'!}  hath  not  .1  fiiirn  uiu  di  I'tli  ol   v\.-.!' r  to  t  ,".rr',' iheiii    j  jirettnded   to  :-to;4nolliea'..    the  iiitiire  of  apjiioa',  li- 


i.rto  \\, 


iin''thi 


iH, 


1 . .;  I'l.i^i  (t  iciiiidi  r-       HILT  Nwathii 


r   tioni  the  nn'tion-i 


ot  thii  I 


ilau.l. 


It   was 


T:.i\  ;  aiiii  the  tov 


:i  .inA  harliotir  are  d.  I,  nded  hv    '  termed  the  ( 


i.nilav  en  .ilni.an  -.^ 


\1 


a  Uron;:  tort,   \'.;i'  piami.i  vith.  taiin 


I 


:ie    ro\  mie,  o 


r  eiich' of  Olnil.in.l,   is  fertile,   Iiut 


iiiia   in  w  hii 


h  i*illaw  IS  fitiiated,  i,,  limn  it'  lertility    ,  IlI^s  populous  than  it  has  licen.    h  eoiKain-.  the  loUo.v- 


1 


id  plt.il'.intnel's,  ternitd  the  I'ar.idil'eot  I'rullia.  in.^  pi  lees  : 

^\'o'..'ram  is  .;  fm.i'l  mII.I''"  in  the  ii'.'i'dil'onrl.ooil  of   !       ()!ttii)de,   renr.irk.iblc  onii  fir  it;  I'a'l-works 


i.'.'.M,  \i  hen  ll.ir  (I  ;i ,  ;,ie  lv  ilnl  ah  1  ]'.n  k  -il  up,  an 


I    I       Holland   i-  a   will  lortiiiei. 


t  a.  laie  i-  ii'-d     ct   th 
i\pi'ile,i  to  ]ii';iaikl 
I  lie   (.'iir.l:  ;.e   Ne 


the 


eateU 


part  heiiv;      the  ri\or  \v  e 


Ueelkc.      I 


t  IS  .! 


.1  lie.'  Iilher\  on  the  C 


lianiikinie  ton  n,  n;.;r 
.(I  ly,    •  .  .i;,K,  ami  li.i-: 

V  ;    '■o:i:.;;n  ,   Inne   e.'.-- 


or  peninfula  ( Vroriinlis,  a    i  leiieiii   falt-\.oik.,  a  iiiai;i/.inc  for  corn,  l.iiii 


n,  irrow  niji  ot' l.iiul,  ul.ich  (epar,Ue^the  li.ilii'.  .'^lalroni    '  and  has  I'everal  li.'ie  feat!  in  its  neii,h!io'.n!'.-.H)t! 


the  1 1.1 1 


i..lied  Ciiiirehe-Holl',   is   a    li.irun,   narr 


la.''..lv  t'  i  k.ofuliii  ha  late  travi  I'lr  tliii'  iIm!- 


o'lrniiLan  is  a  ui  i!  Unfiled,  low  n 


vl.ii  lenwariien  i ;  a  eon'iiler.uil..'  to-.m,   n.  i 


liiiur, 


I  i'.e  road  In.  -  un.  r  a  I'pit  i  I  land  .un-ii  \  ^  ni! 


.ind   (  leil.tnt!;    liiiial 


Ki  n:y;ih 
11  I  ;..i;e 


•ii-  ihiii.i  linule  Oh,    111  linidth    i  h.iriKr.-,  (•!'    roirei.o'.i.i.      1  i". 


"I  > ;  .•;n,'  in    m'lie  <i'ic.,   ii 
i'hi ,  e.Mi.ii.rdiil.U',   hahk  ol    1.111,1  te;:;i.,-. 


I   thru', 
ittle   t( 


Ihe   n.rili,, 
i'  I,  ;,  r  i.a' 

\>h 


an;  (  I  iiK  town  '  l\oil 


:n:'l')em")  Iroin  w  hieh 
ith. 


1.11   li.e   V.'  iMur 


I  :i 


.ir  hai;  a  iihii  m  lina 


.111 


1   tl'.e  le„    I 


1  ;.:i  i.;.^; 
I  lol',-  to  l' 
i.h'- ;',:';■■' 
\.  Ihd  o     !i 


,i:   piialnn 


•1   li   li:.    v.ai.r. 


iiiooth,  one 
as  the  liinds, 
i,iid  and  linn. 


iotiiie    l!ui,;iire. 


.  .  ..1,  a. Ill  o  ■  the 
.li.il  r.  .1  Kit  ly 
>:   iii'.ii  !i    i:;f..  ■  11. 


'I  he  t 


I'.iiie  1^  enhiikU  labie,  ami  tne  lait-sv.  .ks  inij/Oit 


ant;  and  l.ir  n  rn  aiv.i  t,)i.i  ;e  l  hi  re  i,-;  a  ;;ri. it  ni.i;; 


,e  r/ar  refer  l!u 


lu  ( ; 


l,.i.|  ,11  iji:.  I  vieu  M  lih  I  K 


:k  J.   kill;;  of  I'nilii.i,  .it 


1  lee,   in  the    )c.ii 


r  !.i.',  i;  hi 


iio'.e  1  l;i   \^  ,1'.  e>  i  lo; 


1 


',   ! 


I  :ol^ 
■J  hi 
,  hut  the  I  Itiv.'fh 
,iy  hit;h. 


I 


n:e   ot    l.i: 
in  '.iiier.il. 


I. 


ii;i;:I.  .1    \>    l.\.\  ihil 


ill 


ahoit     o  in  l>r.  i  lt!i.      it  i . 


Mrv  \U)': 


;i  :!■..■  fir.d  ahoiit      Ii 


an.i  \'. as  ahi.oil   ■.l.poiml  u 


h,  e  in  I ",  10  :    hut 


1 1  .i.rii  K 


.  ii-.i  peC- 
ilh.ii'i  n  !to;i  J 


d  it,ii  !  I  i  li'.e  lu  il  pu.i-hoiil'e,       it,   hi- 


elieour.: 


''.;,il   ill.       \    1.  I  le  fi  )  I  il'.le  line  1  li.uiiK  e\et    '  d  ule  in  ;t,   li 


ili;'  a  ;;rial    r. 


ol    l,i:^:'.'h. 


to 


111  e  V.  Ill  n.  It  ha-.  Dei  u  e'^ir.  u 


11.  u 


.uri: 


•I  1  ;    It   Ii 


1  i 


ih!(  luiiihon,      tii.in 


ilal 


louiv'-,  \\  iiii  all  fli,  n.i  eil'iries  i 


e.i    .1  111.  a  .'■.'MC  ila'  ,  oleiv 
dii\ih  hv  its  iur,  a  lonjr 


.Nil 

u.iir. 


nil  ;  1..  ;i  '.'.e:;  1, 


.eil  Ll','.  n,  o 


n  the  l.ike  (  iiMlihe- 


it  s  vi  mill  .  li-om  Kc.'i 


inulb.i 


'llHMMiJ 


1 1/..- .dual  h.  .i.iii  ,.'.ii.;.J!i.!  till  y.wiiillions  i  'ihiilii  onliderahli ,  i  oniills  i  liielly  in  tlax,  linfeed, 
n,  ..'1  rlie  Ml.  r'..i!,  >  liii  h  11  , lily  liiiics  ;  tlir,  .id,  ..,iil  lump.  I  ie: .  are  likeu  il'e  a  1  reui  i} ,  an. I 
o:   ih.    e.irriaj;i',  .[  a  Cup  n  .n'nt.i  ;oi'. ,   uith  a  fait  f.Ktorv,   nnal  iiia.^a- 


I'OII 


il,,i:i. 


Ill"   1-a;   ; 
1.1   t':e  ::  . 


he  tore   \i  I.i\. . 
in  In.    1. 11-. 


lui  h  a  iitua- 


/ihe,  am 


1  a  liio:;!'  iitaJel  to  ikfelid  the  v.  hole. 


'..  Il  1 ,  ;"Me,  .ih.l  i,,or.'  ilian 
1.1  ;,.'. ..  I'lMi  iai  \  ;l  'lily  o\.-r- 
li.i.s  1  t'  il:e  litlie  land  Inll.s, 
i'lin:'  lo  liii.li  ill;;  and  Hup, 
u"   li    .',.•■  .ii'll   ''lulniofl    pn.autioii   and   r.ire  tlie 


!e  tc-d,  and  the  e-..  ellent 


J  diet  IS  fain  li  tor  the  cattle 
huiit  r  in.'.de  ill  its  mij-hhouihood.    1  his  i.iaii . 
a  ia!'.  lai.;or\,  and  is  di  fended  In  a  caille. 


Inil. 


I    iir''  is  a  to.i  n  litiiaiul 


at  the 


■f  tiie 


inlier,  widi  the  .\n'.:erh: 


n; -.1  !ii'in  11.111111':  o\,  r. 


.\I 


ip,  Hdilen.ieil  r.\  a  c.iuie,  i  on- 


ornih! 


t.iih'  a  ;!iaiiier\ ,   fait  faelor\,  and  h.njli  court,  and  has 


t  oiiie.i!' 


I'.i'  11 .1 


ir-s!  ;  .  ;:■.!  .diout  v  iidii       .i  .  )ni!dtra!.!e  tiadefor  heir  an.l  con 


.iiM  I  i  .uiitt  an  inn 


J  I 


iall'ipeiKiu  n   is  a   litiail   lieu    huilt    tou  n,     \.  ith  .'i 


i-'or  in!';.!i:.,i.r.  -;  i  nij.io, 


1  hoil-    '  ihartir  tJi.iiiicd   in  the  tear   i  ■; 


'.Wli.!:ap|:e: 


L.I   11 

.1  .11  iiile  ol'    ,   carr\  (511   a  L'li.it   ir.i.le  ri 


I  he    111   .ihit.iiiis 
ittle  i   hut  uoi'd  1,-.  kail  e, 


n  lo;)'.i.l  i!:(';-  I, 


.ll  111  ,  tliaii       and  frelli  \'..iier  li.ircir 


liid. 


:v.\    V. 


.1  hn'iiii  .u: 
ere  h  ar;  1 1 


I  ot  l.'.ad-i'rif^  e\eept  :        liaj-'nit  i .  a  liiiall  to'.. n,   furro'.ih'.ied   ly.  p;.liir.idiK-, 


1.1   .1   r.iL" 


I 


knees,     j   and  detelldid  hv  a  ftiohj!;  <■ 'I 


)K,\.S  111  '>HI   ill. 


has  i'. 


d  on  t! 


ill,   I. 


inenlierL' 


li  tl.i  fuiiilicrn  !'  on  the  u ell,  I'uiii'.-iania  on  the  north,  ,uitl  ^ilelia 


I  Ith 
the 


Mill. 

|U;.lS    tl'.'.'  ^<l^■^^  'Jli'I't, 

I  <<IKC  niii|\u;i  lii.ii 
;>.nJ  iwclily  l.in  I  i 
lull  .ili.lilil  i; .  \^:, 

ill  i!-;,    li'li  l";  .i   n  .ir 

;i  I  .(  1  I   All>-,    II  II.  .1 

,     k.lL.i'  CM.      i  h.  . 

till   l:  •■  >('•"'  '■   '  '■ 

[In.  i-i.ij  --i: .  it  lii  • 

U.in-,-.-',  :i.;''ii':i ;  ti> 
nd  i-.-i.:  ...'i.  iIk  K  i 

Iv  lu'llll  i,i:  ;,  ,1'1.1 
1  o,i'  ■  i.:k,,  »v|i:  •- 
I,  '.•k!:v.r,  !  cnli' 
licuiriiii!,  iiiiii  uill 

V.  iili  :i  I'.i.fiK'  on  rl;e 
I  aiul  i;i:!i|m;i. 
his  two  lalllis  to 
i!i  line  i;.ii.l.ns.  Ii 
\ii  ini'v  ii  ;i  ii'  I', 
tli;it  Oil-  I'  .ilioidixl 
ilttk' ;  ImiI  :'  i\v  r  is 
lilydimini'.  tlic 

i-i.^hboii!  ill;',  jnoj  le 
iiuri'  of  apino.v.  h- 
thii  iilaii.l,   it   was 

.m.l,  \-  i' r;ilf,  hut 


s  r.i'i'-uoik-;. 
idlbiiu-  tow  '1,  n;.'.r 
I-,  .  .  .il.K,  ;unl  l"i.i-; 
'o.it.iin '  li'iiiL'  c-\- 
r  torn,  t'.n:'.. ■,•.■,  >:<-t. 
ii!io'.:r!v.H)(.!. 

tou n,  IV  r'v  biiilr, 

1,  a.iii  <•  ■  I'u- 

K.li.il  i;  a  l;:ii'  ly 
Mr  lU'.K  h  i:'.!'-.  ■  ir- 
falt-\»'  .  ks  iiiij;i)it- 
s  a  ;;ii.it  ni.i;;.i/.iiic. 
iiii.  [  vilu  wall  1  u- 
,4n.\.-,  in  liic   )xai- 

a   14    i^-i  i'ii!i  .  ill 
in  I'l.  I  Itli.     It  I. 

k  '■'  ilHai'i  n  itou  J 
:■  ol   for^ii'jiiis    ic> 

C\tl\  ii.^l'>'  V     11  (  lil- 

.^i-!i"iriis«.fl;!;. 
1  the  lake  I  liiil.-ln'- 
Ib.i-.  'llu'  tiaJc, 
ilv  m  llax,  linlWc), 
vill-  a  1  iL-uii; ,  aii>l 
^tor\,  M';. al  ina;^a- 
tho  \>luili.'. 
,  aii.l  till-  i-\. flKiit 
1  iii-,  lov.  a  loiitams 
lalllc. 

tin-  ^o:illii\  (■('  [Ik- 
',L-ii  1)\  a  caiilf,  (  oil- 
hi;..'li  toiiit,  and  lias 
nil. 

nil!    tov.  n,     \.  irh   a 

'I  iu-    ill   aliuaiits 

Hit  \\iH\\  l.^  It  .ir<.  <■', 

Ji'J    I)'.  [X.Ui'.'uioi-, 

',(■  call,  I  .'VAX  iilK-ri.', 
h,  .iiul  .Sililia,  uith 
the 


iiOl^Oi'K.l 


K  I  \  r,  [)  o  \\ 


r  R  i;  s  N  I  \. 


7tj 


l!ic  i!  .  iciMic  ofSawiny,  on  the  louili.     Its  li'i-ih  i 
',  .1  mill  .,  .111.1  it'>L,ica,ti,ll  hri-.;'.li!i  aliour  i,:o.   Jn  \.n-  ,1 
ler  tl;i' 1  lit:  ate  i ,  fM'ei-iliii;i|,  i  n!,!,  ali  I  llii  ImiI  1.1^1'- 
ncfa!  i"io(  rmiM'iii,  m  it  h,   in  a -'er.  1111.111111',  lamlv  ;    ' 
llu)ii'_',!i  11:1. i'l  the  late  i\-i;''K  \  \,irirly  of  tii' rlmil    li.ivi 
liei  II  ;  ik.  11   10  impii'Vr  it.      'I'lu  I  liicC  |itniliictio"  .  arc 
!■;■    '.     •  !'    1!,  liii'kt,  lb\,  v.'W'l,  ti'ii.i' (  o,  hill)-.,  illiillil,     ; 
/a!t  :.:!■-■,   .iiMiif,    lion,    ll.iru,    \i'.      MMiuiali' e   of  , 
I  i':i  ■  ail  I  ll'.<|i  afc  lii\it  hrre  ;  aiul  ihi  mooiI,  not  oiilv   !j 
!'.:•  j.lv  liu' in!i.ihi;atu>  wi'h  I'm!,  hiir  V.  i:h  tinihiT,  char-    1 
I  111!,  l.ii,  aiul  viiD.I-alh..'',   liol  oiil;,'  lor  iloinelt'i;  life:, 
I- .r   CXI  .11' iiio'i.       I'liv   !i!!>.    ii.,inii!aaory  i-.   Iikcv.  ili-    ; 
1 ... '  :i.  J  0:1  1  I  ii   ^i  lili  ;;ii  It  hii,,  V  l<.  'I 

I'''.'.- ;'rin- 1;m1  imiisoI    l)..il'.ik  .ihiiiv;  .ire  the  I'lliv, 
\\.....i.v.'r.t(i.  !Ia-.J,.!il>l  S;-;.e. 

I'l-'.  lis.  Is  111,1  kike<  ,ilu..iiul  uilli  [][]:,  a.'i'l  ,ir.  | 
i;n,t  J  Ii.  i,i:m1:.  ' 

I  lis  l.iie  IV.l''.iii  M.ijed)  ^r.atle  iiiireafu!  not  onli  1 
l!ie  man'!!".!,  t;!!!.-.,  hei  th  niiinlier  of  peojile,  villa;.',-,  |j 
a:ii|  e'lii  'oun.  in  his  lii. minions,  an.!  more  [i.iiiie.i-  j 
kill.  Ill  ill',- lira:iiien!v.irjr  n.-|.|i[on..s.  i; 

'I  In  e'e.  loi.ite  ct"  l!;.'.neien'M;r_;-  i-  d:-,  :.,!.ii  into  three  ' 
p. ft-.  \  ,-.  'I'll.  \ev,  \ku>k,  'll-.e  .V!;.kile  .Mar.k.  an.l  1 
liie.Xh  (.rOliI  "'ia'   k.  || 

'I'lir  i  liioal;-  is  very  i  o:>l,  ::n  1  liie   v,;:i'er  lliarp  tor  ' 
I -v .  11  or  ei;j,ht  iiioii''i--;   I)  It  ih' \  has  e  i 'kill,  ol  iinlij.;. 
I;  i.  ii'it  \ery  iVui;!'':!,  h:  re.ilon  of  it;  lokl  aiiil  \  .nv .■ 
krl;   Ivit    1;   h.i,    l.iir;e   Imeil  ;    aboiin.lin;;    \wlli    il'.-er. 
Tla    Okl   \kirik  ha',  I'l. my   ..f  iierb- ar.,1   I'r.ii;  .  ;  a;ui 
I'le  ^>e'»    \Iirtk  f.-me'iiiii    I'l  1  i'.i;hir'.-,  s\  In  isin   are 
fi-.l-  "(It  !Io.  I,  .  of  ;iiiii),  .iivl  jiiiiie  hl.i'  k  latlk-.   'IIkv 
ho'.i'l,   iivl'iii,  in    I'diii-.'     ,'.i  1 .,  ot"  tluir  \'.i:i'..-;   hut  the 
."--'r- ens  till  pile  it   to  a  p:iisi.;i>.       I'lie  eoiititr'.  peopli- 
aie  ";  r.Li.iiyv  poor.     'I'lv,  y  r.re  iMrh  ristn  to  drinking; 
.iii>l   i'e.illiii;,   -.v't    the',    ar"   ;:nis  erl'..ll .    a.  kr,i)u  Ie.l_.;Lil 
i.ilie\ei\'   l)ra\e.       Ilk   1  o•l>|llodll:L^   ,ire  cIiieiK    e\- 
ji.'ili'l  hi  the  I'.he  ,itul  tl'.e  (.Mcr,  luf.iist  uliieli  there    - 
I    .1  1  .i;i',)iu:;;ieal  ion  h\  a  eat).'.!,  sii;nh  f.ise-.  their  pa\ - 
i  1  ',  tnll  i:i  ;lie  ''oiiiid.      'I  ile  eoimtr;.   i .  u.ili  n  d  In   k,-- 
s.i.il   f;i-o.l  risii  ^  ;  an.l  ii.i:.   m.'.n;.    ].\kv^,   the  1  h:el'  ol' 
whk  h  l^  tl"   (  l.ei/te,  and  .iiv  the  bjl  lloek.d  \-.  iji  lilli     j 
oj     n     ill  (  1'  r,i..;m  . 

'I  i:  ■   N.  M    Niiii'k   i- .ilioii!    I  JO  mi'i  .    in  I  oiiij  al>. 
It   !'  I"n, ,  -.1  !o  liie  kni:;ii:s  of  tiu-  'I'e'.'innii;  orvkr  til! 
the  I  ;i  !i  c  I  iiti::".  ,  uh'.n  it  \- .!    oun  li, -.lei  b,   tl'ie  l!l.ln- 
(i;  :i'-;.'i ;'  f.'.mi! .  ;   but  the;,   had  noi  pe.r  eable  jiollelhon    , 
of  II  till  il-i-  iMh.     '1  ^i^  di\  ili-.ii  of  the  I'nillian  do-    ' 
million,  ali.un.ls  m;ir.- t!;.'.;i  aiv,    ot  t'li:  othvr>  in  corn  i 
a;id   po'riiiv,   .md  il.l^  sKie.Uvl.  on   tlie  1  ank,  of  tlie  '] 
i\U  : ,   1)1, t  llir-,   ;:re  ot'  il  <  y,\.M   .1   '  1  '.:ir.      .'soitii  limes 
flu-   boor--   find  III  le 'I'l, iniitit -.  ol  oi.liiu:;,  ,ir,.i    |iie- 
tioi!-,  ('ones,  ■,\  I'll  h  i'ii\  klj  lortiiljis. 


Ihe 


-.il  pki- 1  .  in  th.-  Xi  «  M.ii.  i.  are 


tiir.iin,  or  Knltrihi,  1;  •  ea]  il.il.  I;  ■,.,1.  bu:  .1  flji-  ; 
iiiL^  si!, '.;.,(■  til!  1  ^  j7,  when  il  wa.-.  walled  wi;h  lion.-, 
a'l.l  o:luru!l'e  tortilied,  and  is  aeeouiui.i  tl'e  kev  (,f  ' 
the  \(\i  \!a:ik.  (nillas  iis  .\doljilHis  heiiey.ed  it  in 
sain  in  i(\lt.  It  i-i  ihoiiL;  botli  by  art  and  naairi-, 
b.-ni'!'  litiiateil  in  a  niarlh,  at  t!ie  ion:!ii\  of  tlie  Odri- 
and  W'art.i.  It  has  ati  aillaal  s.eli  i'lnniil.ed,  .in  i  .isi-r, 
Itron^-  <i;ad(I.  I"l',e  li'ir^lKi^  iiase  luat  lioiifis,  well 
Ihrnifi'.'d  ;  an.i  :!ie  n;,irk.t-p!,ue  is  the  Iv.ll  in  .i!|  ihe 
ni:;ri|uif.iie.  !>.  !;ili>  i!ie  tow  n  .(  ouivil  there  1,  a  t  oiin- 
<  i!  '  f  the  re;::  ii  '. ,  and  a  court  ol'  baiii>.'.  iek. 

I',;Iki  iiluirg  is  on!;,  note.!  for  i's  liror.;;  lallle. 

!)ie!li.n  is  another  town  ssitii  a  llron.';  f.'itref;,  n,-,i:- 
file  i'ohlh  frontier,  at  the  conllii.x  of  tl'.e  lisir^  N,i,'e 
.in.i  Traj-'c.  On  c':e  I'olith  lidi  it  i^d,el'ended  by  a  !ai_.,e 
in.uili,  wliiili  r!-:;-.  he,^  a!mo(t  a  miilquei-lkoL  fioiu  llie  1 
loMii.  'I'l^e  foriilie.ition  i>  a  ri;_';iil.ir  pi.iUai;on,  with 
ii;tehi-s.  'i  lie  .Swede,  iiik  it  b',  iIh- tieaelurs  of  one 
f'f  the  inh.iliilants  in  i'.-,'),  in:!  rJloi.-il  ;t  lis  lliepe.iee 
in  1(1;  6. 

I  .iiidfpeii';,  o;i  the  ristr  M'.iita,  is  sers  e  mseniendi 
liiii.ited,  hasm^a  maiiiifuiiire,  s.  l.:.;ii  eontills  m,i.  h  in 
(..iKiii'.;  of  iron  ordnaii;  <■. 

.Sinineber;;-,  or  Soiiiieber;i;,   was  the  relidtnee  of  thi'   ■ 
laiiili'iuf  the  oukr  of  Malta,  till  th.e  i-Iector  lei -ed  it 
No.  (.,.  I 


in  the  ioih  leiuiirs-,  and  atl'im.d  thopov.fr  to  prcfcnr 
lluir  b.iili.'Vs,  ali.ldifpofe  of  thi  ir  olhceis  of  |>ower. 

■Sihuedt,  upui)  the  Oder,  iuhe  appenda;j;e  of  one  of 
the  Ion,  of  ilic  fmiilv,  who  has  a  pleal.inr  i^ardeii  aiul 
p.ilacc  lieiej  atid  from  htiuv  I'lidijJ,  j;reat  unele  to  the 
l,iie  kills';  of  IViiiIia,  ss  i-:  denominated  piiiii  e  of  Hran- 
ilenliiir;^  Scliwedt. 

'Ihe  .Middle  Man  k  lies  in  the  middle  of  1  lie  mnivii-. 
late,  ;mvl  i-,  the  larjri  !l  '■!  the  three  tlisilion,,  contaiii- 
lif^  alioiit  too  miles  i'rom  the  banl;>  of  the  l',lbe  loth.- 
O.'iei. 

I  he  1  iiief  to\sni  are 

l.ebiis,  on  the  Oiler,  sshith  was  formerly  a  billiopric, 
founded  l)_,  Mieelkius,  the  lirll  Chrilhan  prim  e  of  Po- 
land, about  the  sear  ijO;.  It  embraied  the  reforma- 
lioii  in  ij^;  ;  an.l  in  ih:K,  it  was  united  to  tiie  do- 
minions of  Hran.leiibiii!:;,  bs  the  elector,  sslio  wa'i  it-! 
bill. op,  and,  as  I'liih,  chancellor  of  the  uniserlity  of 
Ir.inikfoil.  'I'he  l"ee,  which  h.i,  Imce  been  feciilariz- 
ed,  was  fnliuiLran  to  the  archbilhop  of  (inel'na,  in  i'o- 
kiiid.  'Ihe  liPi,n  llands  bitwein  tsu)  hills,  on  one  of 
whii  h  areth.-  rums  of  tiieold  calllcof  the  billiop,  which 
wa^  burnt. 

I  i.iiii  kfoii,  on  the  O-lcr,  i^  about  25.}  miles  north- 
s,r;i  of  \  i(  n.ia.  i  !ie  Oilei-,  oser  \shieh  there  is  a 
l.ir  ;e  timlier  briil^e,  divides  it  into  two  part^.  In 
1; :  V  the  eleeior  .Sii.',ifmiind  <;ase  it  \x,\xm  pris  ileges, 
iipcn  its  enteiiiij.';  into  the  leai'iie  of  tiie  I  latis  'I'owns: 
.iii.i  joachnii  I.  foumied  an  uniserlity  hire  in  1506, 
fupjdyin;!;  it  with  learned  proleliiirs  from  Leiptic; 
liiKc  sihieh  time  it  l„i;  bnd  m.iny  learned  men.  The 
i'lotelhtnt  reliy.ion  was  ellablilhed  here  in  1 5  (S.  k 
w.iioiKea  tiee  ,i!k1  imperi.il  city;  but  iviw  exempt, 
and  iMt  I.)  Miij>ortaiit  as  fi.irnieily.  NesirtI.elefs  it 
ila^  a  ion:iderab!e  tr.ide,  ehii-ils  iu  biien,  cloth  and 
fill-.  In  the  Oder,  a. id  tlv  cana!  betssixt  that  river  and 
tlie  l-.ibe;  an  I  h.i>  three  si'eiiC  fairs  a  i  ear.  ihe  iheets 
uie  wide,  the  lio^ile .  Will  buill,  and  the  iiiarket-()lac\' 
I';-,.i'- ioiis  ;rid  ll.itvl..  I'hi .  I  i" y  has  Hood  tiie  lliojk  of 
s.irioii.-,  re',i'!(u!oin.  Il  w.l.^  pur  under  t!ie  ban  of  the 
empire  b.i.  tile  emperor  L'harlei  1  \  .  and,  to  paeifv  hini, 
the  inhabif Hits  uiie  fori  ed  to  yi.iv  him  dossn  i;,ooo 
lo.n  k-.  ol  lil'.ir.  In  io;i  ;lu;  .Swedes  rook  i;  by  Itorm, 
ssheii  liu  ,  put  all  ih.e  mJiabit.iius  to  the  I'ssord,  to  re- 
sen;',!  ilie  i.i.ifiiii  re  (if  :coo  Swe.ies,  whomrhe  empe- 
ror'- ;;,ni!.'.l,  coiinr  Tilly,  had  inhumanlv  (iiit  to 
ik.irli.  I  hnuser,  11  s-,.i.  riltorcd  to  the  ele';tor  by  tlie 
pel.  i.  of  \\  ellpliali  I.  V'l  iihoui  the  uates  there  are  the 
iiiin,  of  .m  an.'ieiu  t  arihuiian  iiionaliery,  of  sshi'.h 
joli.inius  ,il)  lnila,;;ine,  si  ho  i^  l.iid  to  liase  wrote  po 
i!.i  I,  on  s.uiou,,  fuiiie'ts,  wa;  prior. 

Mniii  lunbuiji;  is  a  fmiil  town,  inhabited  chiefly  by 
ti'c  defi  eiid.ints  of  tiiofe  Irench  Froteflants  ss  lio  left 
ill.  il  count r-.  on  theicpc.il  of  the  edict  of  Nantz. 

I  iiillenwald  contair..-  ;in  ilid'or.il  ]iaku:e,  and  is  t.ic 
fiat  of  a  b.iiliuick. 

l!'.-rlin  i.:>  not  onh-  the  capital  of  the  eleebirate  of 
lir.inden!)iir;r,  but  of  tiie  whole  Pruliian  domir.i.i;,,--. 
an  I  mn,  wnh  jiidiee,  be  deemed  one  ol' the  I'l.  If 
an.l  lar^ell  -,  ities  of •( lerm.my.  It  is  the  roynl  r  ii- 
diii.e,  coniilb  (.f  lise  town^  united  tor;etlier,  ati  1  ku 
rcceised  ailonilliiiiL;  improseiiients  of  late  sear:,  'll-i,- 
Iliii-L^  .ire  handfonie,  Idii;;-,  and  cajMcious.  liircaii 
liMiie  sere  e;eL;;aiU  I'qu.'.res,  and  many  fine  pakirr-. 
One  of  the  principal  [lublic  edifices  i<  the  rosal  pa!i-'e, 
;i  ;iicdij,'ious  pile,  but  irregular,  as  it  \sa.s  ere.'ccil  at 
ditJ'erent  timei,  and  bysarious  architects.  It  is  de- 
corated with  admirable  [laintinsis,  and  beautiful  tipef- 
Iri-,  and  furniihed  w  iih  a  i;reater  quantity  of  plate  t'-.an 
any  other  couii  in  luiiojie.  It  contiiins  likcwile  :i 
line  e:i!iinet  of  r.iritii's,  natural  and  artilicial,  an  excel- 
lent collection  of  medals,  adifpenfary,  and  on-  ot'  the 
liiiell  libraries  in  h'.iirope.  .Amon.^  the  other  iirmcipal 
(!riKti:res  are  tliecouncil-hoiife,  Calsinil^  ;;s  mnaiiiim, 
i'.ic.ii  <;arril'on  churcji,  prosincial  counciUhoule,  fes.s 
Il  naj^onue,  iind  ros.il  niiipa/ine.  In  the  kill  mentioned 
place  a  j^reat  nuantirs  of  roii;;h  wool  is  ke|)t,  to  In; 
rccularly  delivered  out  to  poor  nuiuifaciurers,  that  it 
S  S  m.iy 


fP 


I'll 


!^ 


111 


hli 


i'iii 
i 


■  '-if 


,  1  'i 


't'i^ 

'hi' 


.if: 


A  MAV.  ROVAI.  Asr.  \L  rWFN'iK-  •.V-TI.Mur  LM\  F  U'^  \I.  C.I  .u(,i;  Vi'l  ii  . 


'  /i 


h 


may  In'  f|nin  aiul  \\i>\   ,  ,iiul  .ilur«.iril.  ilvfJ  .'.'ul  li'II 

bv  tlir  ni.in^ij^crs  ^^^'  tin.'  (>rph:in.hui;ri'  at  I'nl/ii.mi,  to 

vliiilu  harity  the  prolit*  .tr,  .ip[>r();iri,iti'il.      In  iKilm 

i-.a  (iiii-  hofiiiL.il,  111  wluili  .iboM  Soj  iliiUircn  aii'  nl':- 

rali\l  }:ratis.     The  l.uthrtaii  i;unii.iliimi,  m  >-.  h";'l  ul 

Athlitii-   hlxiTiil'i'.,   is  liuiatiii  iii  tin    (.'un  I  Ii>i;ivr; 

iind  at  tin'  kin;;"-i  CJ.iti-is  tlu- conn  ot'i  dl-ts,  in  viiiv  !i 

y(nin_4  luill  nan  ami  }',iirlimi  ii  arc  ir.itnicU\l  in  a!l 

ihf  cxt-nilV^  mccHan    ti»  viiialif,  ihi-iti  tur  a  niilu,i:> 

lit'i'.     All  till- abi)\c,  (■\ii.'|'t  the  pnal  jwla  i',  aiv  i;i 

JWrlm,  picpiilv  r<)  lalkii.     TK-  paian'  itiVlf  i.  la  lii.- 

qiiartir  ialli\l  Old  C'uln  j  and  in  the  iiilniih^  arc  th  • 

inai,';iilici'nt  j^anlcii  vi'  coinit  Kiullen,  the   bcaifit:,! 

hoiilc  and  i^arilm  called  Mdnliijoii,  and  the  hoiill  and 

j(ard.;i  i>\   lieUidu'e.     T!ie  liorpu.il  of  invalids   i--  a 

liatclvand  in.iu'niiVenr  ln;ildin;:,  an, 1  ;>!vne  laoj  per- 

ions  are  mainiained  in  it,  e.inliitiii,:^  <>t'.!;r.eers  and  iM- 

•  iier.,  with  thtir  wive-,  .ii'.d  elr.lvlun;  ifidtln  I'e,  Ix  i^iles 

l()dj;in:;  and  tiul,   havi- a  lerr.iin  «ee!.!.   ali<)\eatKeof 

mciney,   hread,  i\>.      'ilure  .iit    liver.,:    hrid,_'.  >  i',er 

ihe  river  Spree,  an.l.in  jariiciilar,  one  u  hieh  i>ek';;ant 

and  niai'.niliedit  :    it  cimhlls  ofliM-  aii  lie>,  and  h.i-,  a 

iine  nienl  llatui- on  it  of  the  ;',r<.'.'-  elt  u>v   Irederii  k 

W'llli.iiii.     In  the    niu-.-ndieeiit    ;ri.i   nm-Ie    Cahini!! 

thiiieli  of  Old  C<i!n,   is  the  hurial-pla'  e  til'  the  iin.ii 

laniiiy,  iie.iruhuh  are  the  ridin;;  .u  adeni'. ,  the  roy:;] 

ilahie.s,   a  leho..!  it"  exerciie-,  and  iiiaMV  ()ili.;r  hiiiid- 

in^'-,  [Hihlic  anc!  p:  i\ate.      In  tlie  tii!,,;r-iu)u(eA  cf  Her- 

lin  as  intich  fii;vir  is  i  elined  as  lerves  the'  whi>le  I'ruliian 

dominions.     .\Ianv  Drhir  maniit'a.'tures  are  tairie-1  on 

here,  partieularlv  dik-  oI   porcelain,  int'erinr  in  no  re- 

fpevt  lo  that  ot  Meilien,  exeejU  in  the  |)aintings.  'I'he 

great  po[)iilati(>n  and  inipioveineiii  of  tl;is  eity,  as  v.ell 

as   miier   pait-.  lit'  till    I'liilli.in  lioininiiins,   have  he;;i 

aferiuei.!  lo  tiie  emi/ralion  and  intlueiiee  ot"  the  hieneli 

ret"i;j;ei.'-,   «lu)  iiUiodiieed  a  \ar:eiy  ot"arts,  n!aiuit"ac- 

tiiri..,  iNie.  lHl".iri  imkno'.wi  in  the  I'liiliian  teiriiories. 

'Ihe  canal-   cut  [n   Beilin  t'lom  the  llavel,   the  Oder, 

;<nd  (he  I'.lbe  ;;reariy  j)r(imote  the  trade  nt"  the  eit),  and 

liipply  the  iniiabiMiit:.  Uiih  plenty  ot"  iiili ;  and  as  the 

late  kinj^ot'  Piiillia  aiua;,  s  made  a  poi-it  ot  Liulnllilli- 

inj;  and  ai^fjrandizinj:;  tlv    metropolis,  it  is  no  ^'.iin.l.i- 

Jhatit  ll.ould  be  the  admiration  ot' all  v.hoviii:  i:.    flu- 

loilowin;;  inlii:.:rions  add  to  the  beaute  ol'  the  capital, 

as  ueil  as  to  the  b,  iielit  ot"  the  inhabitants,    \'/..   tin 

academy  ot Teieiicc-.,  the  academy  ot'  belll•^  liltres,  the 

*-'olleL,'e  ot' I  hviic  .iiind  ("i.ii.aTy,  the  an.itomical  iheaire, 

the  tapclhy  manut'aetore,  ihe  opi :  i-hoiile,  the  arl'cna!, 

fe\eral«ill  rci'iiliited  iiil'pital;,  and  main    laitheiMu, 

Cahinill,  and  t«o  Uuman  C'alhnlie  i  hurcln  s. 

inilepirvlilU  ot'  tl.il^  ihei'.:  aie  a  \arie:'>  ot"  Jileafant 
«;ardeii  ,  v. :'.lk,,  i>^i  . 

The  p-olue  ot'  Ikiiin  i.,  will  !-e;;ii!ated,  and  the  in- 
habitant .  more  ticiire  t'r  :m  tie  di  prulation-,  ot  rohber^ 
than  in  moll  other  citi.s.  Kuund  the  uivirons  are 
many  plcafani  Milages,  canal.,  phafm-e  hoiiles,  jfai- 
»ie;;-,  \c.  Amon;;the  p. ..'are  in  l!ie  \  leinil-. ,  beloii''- 
Jnj;  to  the  foxcreiim,  aix  iholi-  ot'  Sehoenhaul' n  and 
Charl()ttenbiir<;.  Tlie  liili  i,  aboul  the  ilillance  ol' tu  o 
mile- t'roni  J'erlin,  liiiiated  onihe  ii\.  r  I'aiika,  wiiiih 
"alers  [{.<  iii'.r  ^aidLn>. 

CiiarloiMduii^  iKuvTon  tl;i_  Sjirce,  fothat  one  mav 
}:o  to  it  in  a  lioat  j  tho!!;.;h  the  CDniinon  ua'  is  throii;^h 
i!u  park,  at  the  end  of  the  ^rear  walk  trom  the  new 
/cswn.  \\  hen  liie  kiin^is  here,  all  tlie  road  hiihei  iiom 
Berlin  i.-  li'.;hlcd  uitli  lamps  cjii  both  lido,  it  wai 
forme :!y  I  ailed  Lut/enbiir;%  and  bur  a  fmall  \i'la;^e, 
iill  the  ell  ■.  iiel's  wit'e  to  hredeiick  I.  cl-.aiiiicd  with  the 
fitiiation  of  It,  lie;;.'.n  to  build  here  ;  and  alter  hi  r  de.uh 
the  works  were  carried  on  by  the  elector,  whocaufed 
the  place  to  be  calk-d  (..'harlottcnbiirL;,  in  remembrance 
of  his  confort,  w  hofe  name  w  as  Sophia  Charlotte.  This 
e.iltle,  or  palace,  is  one  of  the  n.ol't  conliderable  flitic- 
t;ire.s  it)  (lerniany,  the  ajxirinu-nis  bcini;  t;rand  and 
I'plendid,  and  the  t'urniture  vi  r\  rich.  There  ij  one 
ciiifat'iirnillied  with  the  choired  pmci  lain,  and  another 
\iith  lullres,  a  tea  tahl',  and  all  n>  ei]iiipa;',e,  ol'  folul 
<.;o!d.     Jt  has  a  lum;.'iu<;i;i  chay.el,  adorned  on  every 


lide  VMili  ;,old  .ii'd  piintiii;^  ;  and  a  nmll  beautiful  j_ar> 
dell  ne\t  to  the  n\ci,  w  iihoiu  iif  the  moll  manmliLint 
oranjviii's  in  raiiope;  not  i>til>  for  tbc  number  and 
dil'poiition  of  it .  iiie,,  but  tlie  ;,ir.untf.  of  the  build- 
in;;,  wlrre  they  art  kepi  all  the  \,  inter 

OiM!i|ebiir^;,  lo  callid  lu  iI^  founder  I'lvderiel:  F.  n 
hotiiur  of  hi.  mothir,  w'.ii  was  borii  piinccfs  c^i 
Oian;;'',  i>  dwiLJitfuU.  liiuat/d  near  the  Spree,  about 
i^i  mdes  noith-vvel^  ol' IV.rlm.  The  aparlmmtrof  thi : 
paLi'^e  are  ^ru;  1.  'Ihe  rich  imniture  has  been  itmov- 
icl  t'tKerlin;  and  its  line  (I'lielain,  which  was  not  to 
b.- n -.rched  in  I'airope,  pall'd  into  the  lunds  of  the 
<le.rtcir  of  !^;:.\cjn/.  I  he  miles  from  he  ive  to  liertin, 
a;Kl  l"ii);u  thence  to  I'ot/vtam,  aie  dillini',uil!ud  by 
mile-llones.  Ni.irthi.s  fear  lies  a  fma'l  cir\  of  the  lame 
name,  furroun  led  b;,  b.auiilul  meadous,  war  red  and 
iiivide.l  by  niin.-  cmals  dra\Mi  out  of  tlu  I  Fuel,  .iiiil 
boim.ied  bv  \.oi)d;,  acrol-.  uhiehareeiii  lesi  i.il  Ion;' 
\1ILh. 

SiJiridaw  is  of  no  more  note  than  from  bein;;  ufed  a; 
a  pntbn  for  llaie  criminals. 

I'landenbiin;  is  a  very  ^n.  lent  city,  and  i^ave  name 
to,  and  \ias  formerly  the  metropoli ,  ol  the  Mar  iiiif.itc. 
It  Itaiuls  on  the  bank^  of  the  1  (a\el,  which  divides  it 
into  tl;eO!Jor  L'pper  Town,  an  1  that  called  the  New. 
In  rl'.e  ;;ieat  church  are  maHi  monaiuenis  of  I'rinces. 
'I'iie  llnets  of  the  L'[)per  Tcm  ii  are  built  crols-wa).s, 
.ind  centre  in  a  fine  m.irker-pl.ice,  where  i-.  a  S:ali;a 
Isolandina,  w  hi.  h  was  an  imaj^e  fet  up  in  many  Cenn.iii 
cities,  as  a  teltimonial  of  the  j^reat  priv  ileg.  s  i^ranicd 
them  by  the  cinperors.  This  town  i>  v  ell  rupplied 
wit!)  liili  t"roina  tKiLibbouiin,;^  lake  lo  miles  lon^.  It 
li  s  in  the  roadfrom  Herlin  to  .Vlaudcbuin  ;  has  a  con- 
liderable trade,  tin.l  a  ;';,ur  Ion  coniilliii;^  of  a  batr.ihon 
of  rrenadiers.  'I  hou;^h  it  has  no  forlilicitio:!  evcept 
a  few  round  to^vers  aloni;  the  w.iUs  of  th-  New  lo.c  i, 
vet  it  is  Itron;;  by  il^  litu.ition  amoiiL^  marlhes  i  an!  hi; 
a  hill  on  one  tide  covered  w  ith  vinevarcN,  on  the  t",,'  c>f 
wl.il  h  is  St.  .\laiv's,an  handlome  church,  loimcily  one 
ol'  t:ie  riehel>  alibies,  and  belt  built  chuiclus  ot  (Jei- 
ii:.in..  It  has  twohie;h  t'-iuare  to.-.ers,  wliich  are  (i.  n 
a  ;','i.it  \>.i.  oil'.  Thouj^h  the  wall,  are  very  ancient, 
the  ilreci  .  .lie,  U'l  the  ico't  pari,  Inndi'ome  and  ii-- 
;j,til.ii.  Th.e  i!i\cl  liiin;-.  f_;reat  boats  hitlier  fiom  tlu- 
1,1b  ■,  w  irh  .ill  I'./M  s  ot'  in:  ichandi.^-,  fiom  i!ie  to'.'  ns  on 
ihai  1 IV.  r. 

■|"h.-  Alt,  or  Old  \Tarck,  called,   b-.    foine  authors'. 

Tile  (I'.ihlee  ot  dermany,   beeaufe  it  abounds  in  t"riiii; 

an.i  herbs,   is  div  ided  into  four  petty  provinces,  called 

Ofllind  on  the  call,  /.iirmimland  on  •hewed,  Aivjtr- 

lan.l  rn  I  lie  l'"'ith,  and  /.mlan.l  on  the  north.      Ihe 

l-'.lbe  Icparale-.  it  on  the  ea!t  trom  I'rei;;!!.:/.   Thei-hicf 

p!a'  e.  .ire 

;       S'e.iilal,  or  S'tendcl,  .i  I  I.m^  Tow  n,   well  built,  and 

■  ilron'rlv  t'ortilied.       I  lie  i  ouits  of  i  iv  il   iudieatine  tor 

the  ( )kl  M.irik  .ire  held  he  re.      The  inhabitant.-,  h.ive.i 

I  |ireT'.-  ;.'ood  trade  in  corn  and  lin-n  clo;h,  and  make  a 

;',')od   profit  b\'  travclleis,   it   bciiv;  in  (lie  loadtroiii 

.  .Ma'jdeb'.iri;  and  bafuri,  lo  I  lambui;;  and  l.ubeck. 

Soltwcdel  is  a  hifL-ie  town  on  the  welt  fide  of  Jet/.e, 

a  little  below  its  c  onllii.x  w  ith  th  •  Dune.      lliis  cit\, 

i  a;id  the  neii;hboiirint,' territoiy,   had  formerly  {irinces 

;  of  their  own,  who  did  !,'re.ir  ihini^s  againit  the  Nuns. 

I  if   is  elivided  into  the   old   and   new    Towns.       I  heir 

;  chief  trade  is  in  beer,  whicli  they  export.      It  was  an- 

cienti;,  known  bv  the  nime  ot   I  leliojirlis. 

flardelfben,  or  (.'ardcl;  :;en,  in  l..;tin  (;"arde!c{^ii, 
which  name  foinc  derive  t'loiii  the  pkallnr  ij.iidens  in 
the  neinhbourhca),!,  where  there  is  an  old  fort,  called  in 
their  lan^iia;;e  Iron  jaws. 

Tani;ermun  1,  c)r  An^ermiind,  on  th.e-    I'.llv',  .it  the 
mouth  of  the  \n;.,a'r,  was  liilta  caltk' built  Ir,  the  em- 
peror (.'harles  IV".  who  botiL^iu  this  .Mank,  and  relldeel 
,  here-.      It    fell    foiin.time  after   into  the   I  ands  of  the 
diiki  ^  of  I'oiii'.rania.from  w  hom  the  elector  l^'reef  ri'  k  I. 
\  look  ir  in   i.|?o.      It  is  a  place  of  jirettv  i.',oncl  ti  iJc  in 
I  corn  and  other  ceunmoditn. ,,   conveyed  to   !  l.'.iobur_^, 
[  and  otlKr  pi.tce:,  l.n  the  i.Ru  . 

Oi'ciburi' 


nk'ir.  ■  of 


;\i'irt. 

,1  MKilf  l)iM;itifii'  ),ar- 

ln'  mull  ir;;in:i:li;int 

ill-  tbi'  iiiiiubLT  ami 

cund.  ut  tlic  builil 

iimi 

•  lilt  1  I'liiliri!.!;  I.   ii 

;.ir  I  he  SiiKT,  about 
ic  apartiiKiurof  tbi  ! 
i!iv  h:i-.  biiii  ixnuix- 
ii),  wbiili  w.i>  mn  ;o 
lo  tho  luiuls  ot'  the- 
mn  hi  IV  L-  to  Ikrhii, 
III-  ililtini_\iiilhiM  b, 
ni.i'l  iit\  ot'  tb'.'  t'lmc 
c'.niliiu  -i,  uat'  rill  an. I 
It  ot'  tin  I  I.imI,  .iiiil 
1  .III-  I  111   Icsi  i.il  b)ll;; 

m  t'loni  b(.iii;;  iifcil  .u 

city,  atvi  ijave  inmc 
li^  ot  thi-  M.ir  luilato. 
\cl,  ubii  b  ill  Mill-,  it 
I  ihi:  ialliil  the  N'cu  . 
miimcins  ot  I'liiici.'i. 
arc  built  <:rols-\va>.-i, 
C-,  «hcTi-  is  a  Siaiiia 
t  ii|)  in  many  (JciDian 
■at  priNilc^i  s  !;raiucJ 

ouii  i>  s  til  rupi'iivj 

wC  10  miles  loii;^.  It 
aLjdibiii.u ;  h.isa  lom- 
liiiliii;^  Ot  a  bait.ilion 
o  tortilicitioii  t-M'cpr 
[<  of  tb  •  Nc^v  1  o,\  1, 
)ii^  mirlliL'-- ,  an  1  h  i; 
!ic>ariU,  on  the-  coj,.  ot 
(.hurcb,  loinu-ily  one 
lilt  climclus  ot  (lei- 
)>ifrs,  \\bich  arc  (i;  n 
all;  arc  very  ancient, 
,  Iniuiroinc  aiiii  rc- 
lio.its  b:;!icr  tioni  tlic 
fioiii  ill'-'  ti)'.'  n.i  on 

ti,  1)',  fomc  a\ithori, 
I-  it  abound-)  in  tVui:; 
-tiv  provincc^,  called 
on  -be  well,  An:^(r- 
on  the  north.  riic 
I'rei;i;liil/.   'I'liCi.hiit' 

)v.  n,  well  built,  and 
t'  I  i\il  iuiiiiatiiie  t'or 
be  inhabitant.-.  h,i\e  .i 
-n  c!(i;b,  and  make  a 
n^;  in  tlie  load  troiiv 

ir;;  ai\d  I  ubeck. 
be  u  Ji  tide  of  Jctzc, 
■  Dime.  'l'bi>  cit>, 
had  t'omierl'.  [irmi'es 
L^-i  againlt  the  I  liin^. 
new     1  ou  ns.       I  heir 

e\iiort.  It  uas  an- 
I'iopclis. 

n  l.iiin  (;'ardLli.^L;ii, 
le  pleai  nt  <{aii'i  ns  in 
.  ua  old  tort,  called  in 

on  tb.e  i-'.lb<-,  at  the 
allle  built  by  the  em- 
is  M.u'ck,  and  relideil 
ito  the  1  niiils  ot'  tiic 
heek-v'ior  i-'re.l  ri  k  L 
'  prette  <!,ond  tiul.  in 
ii\e}ed  to   !  I.'.mbur_^, 

Oi'crbur'" 


M'ROl'!'.! 


K  I  \  (.  i)  ()  M 


I'  k  U  s  s  I 


:'i 


(Kiel bur;',  i.  n'ltril  rora;.t<iod  corn  ivaikri. 

V\'erben,  in  i(',m,  ua.s  taken  by  the  .Svude. ,  -ilri  r 
iihieh  (il(lla^u^  .\(lo|phiis  Ordered  tin-  ci-.IHe,  which 
«omi',.inil-i  the  tovin,  to  he  b'lilt,  tliinkin;i;  it  iiiii'h' 
I'l-  riiaili.  line  of  ihe  llroiv,'ill  (iliee;  in  d'ermam  .  In 
i(i{'i  It  W.I. taken  111  the  Iniin  rialill*  and  S-ixnii-;,  who 
\-i.re  loiceil  that  lame  year  to  luricndir  i:  a'r.-.iii  to 
il'.-Suetk-!.  Next  vearrhc  linperialillMiiook  ii ;  In:;  in 
ifijo,  the  Hran(ienbur;',!u  T^  ;',()i  poU'eliiun  of  their  t'f  it ; 
Mid,  upon  .1  lufpciilion  of . inn-  ni-.vi  vcar,  beiv-.e  n  t'l'in 
.  rul  ilcS'iidis,  v.lurein  a  was  lereed  ilia'  it  ihituLI 
b  -di  ir.olii'ied,  ihcelietor's  lH•al'lnt^  jinlled  i;  d-u'  n. 

I  liMlhur.r,  in  .jt',  wa<  lu.idea  bill-opiif ,  ru(IV.!;;.in 
I  t  >'.i;I<'''"''  '.  :iii''  i"  bilhop  rilided  :ir  U'lrllock,  .1 
I'iMiwt  I'ri  i.'ivt/,  but  aliobilud  .'It  the  ret'orm.ition  ; 
lin.'e  wl'.  I  i.  till  lei.    ion  here  hi-  I)  en  l.utlier.ui. 

i'l't/ii  111  i«  a  la':;<'  to"  p,  ijtii  i.ed  on  an  ill.ii'.  1  abo  it 
T'ur  mil  .  I  t  i'.e  i'i'.i!li.-.-i  1}  ot'  i^eilin.  Tie  caltle 
I  ::il-  Ik.i  lilt  nn.lcral  it  eoniidi  rabli-,  i'm  ■  ■  v.  hi-,  h 
t!.e  tovii  h.i.  coniinually  in<  real'ed,  and  uiu  d  .i 
x.irii',  I'l  imbelbllinicnts.  It  contaiin  manv  Ifrait 
lliei  -,  M  lb  i-ai.iis  in  the  miildle.and  trees  on  i\ii.-h  :tdi . 
'I  be  j)alac(-  ii  '■.ia'';n;!''-. cut,  and  liv-  l""ili's  in  the  vici- 
ii!;y  \tr\  lKa..'.i'ul.  Ikfore  tiKcaillv  is  a  li]u.ire  aiiorn- 
(d  \.  ill  I'onan  <  .lunins,  nbii  h  halhi  \ery  lin  ■  'garden. 
I  ;n  ;,. union  i  e  .erciiid  in  ihe  ;i  ra  in  the  fiont,  and 
lu.ir  ir  a  Iai;;e  lorell  [alid  in  tor  hunrinn;.  The  t'oreil 
Ui'elfi'.'in.un.s.i  |-o' .d  leal,  with  villi- in  I'oriM  of  a  If.ir. 
.\bo!it  tile  lov  n  are  alio  m.inv   \  ine-,arfis ;  and   the 


iiiaiset-[Ia'  e  coin  ' 


a  Ibitel-,   ob'-iilk  of  v.ineiMted 


^nl■^•,.•^  M-..iiblc,  wiili  a  [ledeital  of  while  inarbk",  imA 
111.11,, ie  b';|i^  of  the  km;;  ■  on  eaei;  tide.  Two  thnu- 
liiiid  leldiir.s  chihlreii  are  maintained,  (bvjhei.!,  a'l.l 
tdi,,  .irid,  in  tl-i-  oiph.ri-lii/,iie.  Here  is  a  t'mind.-r,', 
11  annl'aoioru-s  tor  vi!vet,-iiik,  ;v)!J  .and  lilver  Inec,  C\:e. 
.'si  ■. , :  d  eli;;a'i;  ehurehe.;,  one  of  which  i,,ntains  a 
liiii  I  I  of  iliimes;  and  Itabks  tor  the  horfe-L;;uard.;, 
ot'  u.'ikii,  with  the  foot  {;ua:ds,  and  oiher  b.itralion-,, 
tlie  pirriloii  i  onlill.s. 

.Nut  t.ir  li  im  i'ot/.dnn  is  the  J'ala-e  of  '-iin  -So'iei, 
on  liic  top  ot  a  mountain,  from  w  hence  therein  a  ileli;jlit- 
tul  l.-iMiiii  .c',-,  I  ompri/iivj;  a  view  ot  the  town,  neiL^h- 
I'ourin;;  ocniry,  river.s,  lake-,  wooiN,  Miv-vaid-, 
j.Mne  ,  k\e.  I'iie  palace,  thoi;i:h  not  \erv  capi'.inus, 
I-.  m3;;iiiiicent  ;  an  1  the  furniture,  llion;;!]  no;  I'upeib, 
tl.;  int.  III!.-  paiiuinqs,  llatues,  {;ardens,  ^jc.  i  on- 
ti.hi  te  lo  m:d  •  thewlolea  inoll  ik  !i;;htful  place.  The 
fm.iil  ina  1  \i  1  i!.  'U  liliiai'.  i  -  ke[n  in  :m  .i;  aitiiii-nt  w.iin- 
Ic'.'.-l  w;''i  iiiiar,  ami  adorned  \»  ith  loiiai'o  of  <;(ild  ; 
and  t.'ie  ie\  -.tLiI  l|,o'.  on  which  the  palaire  i;  litiiated, 
h.is  pl.uiia'.io.'i^  ol   \:ii'.\ards,  and  i-  cur  into  teir.icc--. 

J-.\cliiliveof  iheal'o\e  princip.il  di\ ilions,  Dranden- 
bei;;  co;it  I'lis  I'oiv.e  other  interior  dillriels,  cinle-,  an,! 
town.,  bi  tide.-,  ii  Viral  vilL-.^x.-^,  hamlets,  ^c.  Aii  ilnr 
<'.in  be  faid,  in  miieral,  of  thel'e  i -,  ihat  fonu  of  them 
Iia^e  nulrlel^^  to:  laihe.i  of  the  l'ri:ii.tl,iiit  ]:iofe!iion, 
a:id  uihtriijiit  on  KMiiideraMe tiallie. 


:  miles  in  len"t!i. 


!';:i  -  -I  ',s  l'o\; ;  <  a  \  I  \  i ,  abo\e 
a:i;l  fi-ini  ;c  to  S  j  in  breadth.  'I'he  foil,  in  in.ur, 
part-.,  is  I'.uid}  and  b.irieii ;  and  tlie  iiitib'e  lands,  ne:!r 
the  llii)re,are  tVioiii  nil;,  o\eruhelmiil  with  liind  ;  \ct, 
in  o:her  parts,  thtre  is  corn  enouj'.ii  botli  I'oi  eonfump- 
tio:i  and  e:i;)();t;  be  tides  L;oiid  ;-'.illuie.s  filled  with  cat- 
tle; and  niair.  laive  wood-- and  toreils,  which  abound 
wiih  ike:-,  wii.i  boar^,  haie-,  fo\;^,  wolves,  \\\]ii 
luufi  ,  wild  bulls,  ^;c.  and  to.iU  of  ;ill  forts.  IIe",j 
are  al;<>  iii.neis ;  an.i  l.icli  pieiiry  of  water  fowl,  t;:.i: 
they  rieko:i  ;o  (on-  of  duik-.  Thev  have  fjc.v 
pleii;;  of  lidi  and  t'relii  w.iti.-r  lith,  [larticularl'.  falmo.'i, 
and  very  laij^c  laioprews,  efj)-jtiallv  in  the  bai  of  Ste- 
lin,  and  lake  ot  l.,ill'en.  .-Vbout  (irypf\wild  and  i^ii- 
ge:i,  tliey  have  good  berriiis;  lilhine; ;  and,  in  the  l.ike 
NJadduje,  near  ColbaL/.,  there  is  a  bv<^c  broad  litii 
c.illed  Mufcum,  t'oun.l  no  w  he;e  ell'e  in  (i-rir.nn-. 
There  are  many  fiiranl  fer'ilc  iiiealov.  ■.  lietwixt  the 
branches  ot  the  (.)dcr,  and  t'rca 


all  kinds 
i;uj 


r  i-iutuititie-.  of  t'ruit  ot 
thev  ha\e  no  wine  of  their  own  I'rowth, 


.llent 


mum,  a 


nd  be 


iLVl 


l1  forts 


LXUtlCU- 


lailv  tin  bittct  beer  of  J^tctin,  the  mum  of  ('jryprwaiJ, 
ami  the  ttour  of  Wollin,  which  mariners  tninfport ; 
iind  tis  there  arc  {'c  irce  any  mountains  in  thi-  coiinir, ,  ii 
ha  no  iiu.'us,  but  I'omcfew  of  iron  in  the  L/'fiper  I'o- 
Mieranii.  I:  abound-,  wilii  amber,  <fj)icially  on  the 
eoalts  ol'lii.ind  nbur;';  I'omei.inia,  where  it  is  no'  only 
thioun  iij)  be  the  fca,  and  found  amonf^  the  fea-need-i 
an  1  liiii !-,  bur  .ill'o  dii;.^  out  oi  the  ro- ks  and  mines. 
There  ii  a  piifiiul.ir  lake  in  ihi-i  roiintry,  that  com. 
iiiiriic.it' -,  with  tlic  fia,  wlu-ie  they  ji;ather  it  in  net-i 
«hin  the  fen  bcj^ins  totlou,  and  fonietiiiu  s  draw  up 
piecis  a  bi';  as  a  man's  lilt.  .\t  lirll  t  ikin;_,f  ii|)  it  ii 
li't'i,  but  foon  hardiii.,  bv  the  air,  into  ,i  ftony  I'ub- 
ll.ince.  Ir  is  of  li-vcial  colour.,  white,  yellow,  iilaik, 
and  lid.  The  fort  f.>und  in  I'umerania  i.  ;i  ikiik  yel- 
low.  It  ii  ("iippol'ed  to  bi-  an  oil  diltilled  truui  rockj, 
like  pctioleiim  i  and  that  the  infeiis  whi,  h  ar;  foinc- 
time-.t'iund  en  lofcd  in  it,  are  en  t  tingled  thirc  while  it 
is  lii'iiid  i  and  thtit  wiiich  is  taken  in  the  fca,  an.i  in  the 
aiijoininjT  lakes  and  rivers,  is  broke  oH'  from  fonie  rock, 
or  vein  under  i,'round,  Iiy  tkn  ds  and  tempelb.  In 
fomc  plai-es  ir  is  found  in  .i  matrix  of  wood,  whicli 
the  IkilU.I  know-  at  lirll  lij^lit. 

The  p(.*o_  k-  are  reckoned  as  llout  and  nimble  a:  any 
in  (i.inianv  ;  l)iit  charged, on  the  other  hand,  with  be- 
int;  intem[)irate,  credulous,  and  prodijr-il.  The  clia- 
raeler  is;^'iven  of  the  ancient  inhabitants,  that  they  were 
Ihr.iDj^e'  1  to  decci*;  or  robber- ,  locked  up  noihiii:^,  were 
hofpitibk-to  all  tlr.ingers,  and  fo  kind  to  one  another, 
lliat  I'.KTc  were  no  bei^gars  amoni;  them. 

'l  he  nobles  of  this  duchy,, la  well  as  the  fcv.ral  town?:, 
had  foriiu-rly  vi  r;.'  p.irtii.uLir  privileges,  wbii  h  his  lati- 
IVuliian  maietlv  jcreally  abridged.  The  inhabitants 
are  [irineipal!,-  of  (lernian  and  Si  lavonian  liefcent,  a 
dialcit  of  th(-  latter  bein;;  the  language  of  the  country. 
I.utliertmiiiii  is  the  elhil-litlied  r:-ligioii  j  but  C.ilvinilU 
and  j-vomaii  C'atholi  ■.  are  tolerated. 

The  duchy  contains  an  iini\erlity,  fevcral  colleges-, 
gramtiiar  fchooN,  i\c.  I  lere  are  ll-vera!  manufac- 
rorii-- ;  tin:!  ".treat  comir.eice  u  carried  on  by  means  of 
the  hal  ii  and  feveral  nivigable  rivers.  It  was  for- 
iiicrlv  contiilend  as  divide.!  into  .Anterior  and  I  linder 
romeiania;  but  it  is  iikiII  fuit.dik  to  conlider  the 
wliolei,nikrihediltin''theadsof  I'rullian  Foinirania,anJ 
what  hath  been  iifuall)' called  Suedilh  l-'omerania;  tho" 
all  tin-  former,  a:vl  the  gre:itell  part  of  the  latter,  be- 
long to  the  king  of  }'rulli;i. 

In  I'lulliitn  I'omerani.i  the  principal  phtccs  arc  a.? 
tollow  : 

Sieti;i,or()Id  '^tet  in,  a  rapacious  and  handfomc  town, 
an.i  very  lliongly  fortilicd,  contains  many  manufacio- 
lie,,  hath  grc:it  trade,  and  exports  prodigious  quair.i- 
tic  of  corn,  tiniln-r,  linen,  and  naval  ilores. 

'J'he  proli'.ect  of  die  river,  and  the  i Hand- formed  bv 
!i,  is  vcr;,  agreeable  ;  and  the  nei;.diboi:ring  hills  h.uca 
\-r\'  romantic  appearance.  The  i,.iiiicip:il  building:  aic 
theci  1  leges  for  cducu  ion,  colli  ge  of  |ihylician^,  tribunal  •• 
I'f  jiillice,  board  of  health,  chamb.  r  ot'commerce,  rouit 
•  •I  admiral  ty,ro\al  gymna'.iiim,or  lihool  ofcxercife,  ("u- 
perin'i  ndency,  arfenal,  callle,  free-fchool,  and  dock. 

I'hoiigh  this  town  is  liiuated  .)0  miles  from  the  lea, 
(hips  ot  conlidenible  burden  come  up  to  it ;  and  fmalicr 
vellels  mai-  go  much  bi'.^her. 

The  inhabitants  are  lem.ii  k:ible  for  their  cotii-rcou-^ 
behaviour,  and  ha\e  been  celebrated  tor  the  valiant 
del'elicc  of  their  cite  a;';ainll  the  Imjierialilts,  who  be- 
lie;gcd  it  four  monti;- ,  in  1650,  in  vain  ;  and  again  in 
1(177,  when  it  held  out  live  months,  from  jiiK  to  l)c- 
ceuiber,  againtt  l-rcderick  William  the  (Ircat,  then 
ek.ior  ot  lirandenbuig ;  who,  after  one  of  the  moil 
rttr,.ii  k.ibk- lieges  thtit  h.id  been  known  in  luiropr, 
whereby  moll  of  the  citv  w;is  burnt  to  the  ground,  at 
the  expence  of  ;in  immenl'e  quantitv  of  w arlike  aniiru- 
nition,  an-l  the  garrifon  re.luced  from  ^oo  men  to 
70J,  was  obliged  to  grant  it  verv  honourable  terms  of 
I  aj  iiulation. 

J  he  biirghcr.s  were  even  more  refolute,  if  podible, 
in  tl'.e  det'encc  of  the  town,    than  the  Swedilh  gar- 
rifon : 


H 


4 


I 


ri6 


A  M-.\V.  kOVAI. 


AUniLMICsV-Ul'Moi  UMVl;k^AI,(..l  v)v.K  \l»Ih 


,!?U 


i 


iilon : 


iir,  on 


i!ic  I  ^ih  of  \i!'4'.ill,  v.luti  moll  (.f  till  ir  !    (iri)l'»  I  l.ilf.   It  v.i.i  w.illal  in  i  k;  i -,  and  Hoi^illiu-i  Hf. 


iiii 


the  ii\u   luul  In.  ii  (link  .iiul  ili.i;t<uii, 


Mui 


the  i.r.liuli.il,  vv  iiM  mam 


the  lioulls,  l>uinr,  t'.i' 


t  li\t(> 


rolt'niii  ihiiii  linnininililc  tirnis,  v\likii  ihcv  rc- 


iliikc  "i  I  iiiiiirariia,  (aiilulii  <allli'  lo  hi.' l)iiilt  hue. 
in  i.|'ii)  itvi.is  liilii;rtil  li\  tl;c  (kctoi  ol  Ittaniliriljur;;, 
aliilliil  li\  lla-  iNiii  kliiihuij^irs,  Imt  iluv  \\i  re  ()lili.'uf 


On  till'  •  :A,  \i  lull  '.lu'  town  luui  luilaLil  iiiucli  ,|   to  .\l  aiu:c.ii  ir.     'i  !;•  u'  is  a  line  walk  i<\  Ian  ttiis  li 
ni'ir.',  lit' ioi)k  |n!\  nf  tlie  inhabitaiu-,  .iiul  iiiaili'  :Imii  |i   luiui'  iluoujjh  llii.  miili  k'ofa  <,'irat  ton  It,  whuhj; 
anotlm oll'i,!  i  but  tlicv  «frc  olillinati',  iiiaJc  it  liuith 
I'oi  anv  to  talk  of  ;i  riirniuiir,  k>.'iirLi.l  thiir  «i\i->  aiul 


ir.olt  :o  iiiiif,  iiul  williin  a  kai'iic  <it  Slit 


« iiiiilrcn  in 


|)I.Kes  prepaiiil  lor  ttitiit  uiul.r-^ri 


)un<' 


lIiMiiiiil.a.'.a  u 
k 


oki.Uilf  tiailc  In  intalli  ot  Kiilii'  ini"!i- 


iiuiin>r  lake 


aiul  iii.ul.'  M;'i>riiiis  fallits,  Inn  were  npuil'tit.      1  he 
Mil  (it  Si  j'teiiilur  he  kiit  atiuinpeter  to  liirwani  iJiein 


'I'll. pi.  I  a-i  t'liee  annual  l.i 


ironi,'  I  a 


II  k 


li  i^  ill  lenJeii  In   ;i 


«'t   ihi'r 


il.uv: 


I'er,  aiui  tn  oiiir  tliiin   larger  pri\ile''es 


fli.iii 


thi 


liiii 


hi!  icliil 


II 


e  lumnionei: 


Molpe  I-.  al'otrilied  town,  with  an  aiu  lent  ealtir.    Its 
•i;';r>-i^-it'k  liiiiatirn,  in  a\a!Kv  una  riMrof  the  liime 
lliein  again  on  the   ;.'il,  alter  hem;;  ioiiud   hy   Sjoo  '|  ii.iii'.e,   umpteil  the  iliike-i  ol"  ronaraiiia   to  biiiM  .i 
l>ane>,  but  to  no  piirpofe.      Ihe  iketor,  haMn;,'  un-  ii  i.iitle  lure;  ;uJ  lluritore  loiiieot'  ihem  are,  in  leveial 


«ierntinn.i 


th 


.Ithe 
em  ajr.iin  on 


;lll,   lilkil  the  ilil' h,  ^;e.   riiii:monul    I   llilloiii.s,  Itilnl  linkis  olSiolp 


the   ill  ot"  \o\einber,  and  tl'ie.iti  lieii 


.\t  \i.i.h 


their  nun  it"  thev  nt'iiriJ  hi 


oU'erv  i   hut  tJUi   u 


III  tun,  on  ilie  .ake  ol   L'limmerio,  is  a  rotneiit 


(.f 


ulie>-. 


plied  t'u)  wiii'.KI  hulil  our  to  tlie  eikl  of  tlir  \eiM,  and    !        I'l  nkiMii  is  .1  nmail.aliK-  pleafi'ir  t 
lioped  to  lia\f  tlif  (.<na'  terir, .  then  :   and   lliiHi;;li  tin     |        l"  illiiil.ai.;ui,  011  the  (Aki  .4-,  pje.il'. 


town  wa:*  HI  nun- 


ui,l 


.|00  I  iii/.eiii 


kilk 


loldi 

tallii 

IllMl 


ers, 


thev  eontiiuud  refoliiie,  and  made  \ 


bt  lidei 
i'l'uinis 


(•illliiil.ai.;ui,  oil  [he  (A: 
,Ui\i-  name  to  a  en 


k-illmtK  lltn.itivl,  aiiil 


I); 


im  lome  time  linee  fell  to  {\tv.w 


ii.tl 


On  ihi*  :otli,  ami  alii)  on  t!;e  ,(o;li  of  that    1  nulutory,  after  Ijeinj'- e 


nit  a 


eel  I'la- 


LliaMili 


ure  \Mre  quatiels  b<tui\ 


t  tin 


■arrilon.  wliu  li 


line,  re\i\ed  it. 


in   lome  iiu.i- 


v,i    I'lr  iapitul.\;in;-r,  and  the  lllll•;ller^,  that  oppoKiJ  |  'Ihe  ille  of  L'Kdom   i.abour  li\   miles  in  len;.^th, 

it  ;  in  uhii  h  kxeral  fell  on  l)(i;h  tide-.     The  km;;  i.f  1  ahoiiiuis  witli  wild  boars,  deer,  and  hares,  and  was  the 

Sweden  having  fent  i!-.e  tinvn  a  new  chariir,  tlie  elector  [  I'aik  whire  the  dukes  of  Pmiierania  kipt  then  «;ame. 

f imniuned  them  aj.;ain,  Ueeeiiilnr   H),  and  oirerid  i<)  1  In  lojolhe  Swides,   to  tlie  niimlur  ot    (ooo,   l.indeil 
iMiilirm  their  new  privileges  w  iih  an  e\(  riiplion  tun 


ta  ,es 
fevir 


al  f.! 


li.t,  tlie\   p 
if  nor  iriartei. 


ir  many  \iar-. ;  but  lli'l  they  n  biftd,  and  made 
;  Inn  ne\r  dn,  finding  no  hope-,  of  n - 
Mifidaii  honoiir.ibk- ea|)itulaiion,  whitli, 
1,   thev  divlarcd  tlv.',   wmilddie  l\\oid  in 


KUul,  a 


id  be  Iniried  in   the  ruim  of  the 


,ltv. 


The 


elector  giiKn^uliy  loniplieil,  and  latilied  all  the  pri 


^ik 


ia;iled  them  bv  their  iien   eliarti 


but   tl 


iiid  took   it  viithout  relill 


.line  i  hut,    in    16  r'l 


ll 


;jj  Imperialilh  eame  upon  it   In   furp.i/.e,  and  put 


Kill  to  the  h»ori 


iiid  li 


lulintr  their  I  (nintrvmen  wuc 


I'lepaiin^r  to  re-take  it  withveiig  anee,  thev  eonfiimetl 
all  I  he  provilijns  that  were  in  the  iiland.aiid  thenaban- 


iloneil  It. 


The  Hie  of   Wolj 


iiroaile 


11. 


in    IS  2?    imh" 


whi' 


n  1    IS 


tnirghers,  iniiid:'.;',  on  too  high  teinis  lor  the  garrifon, 
holiiiuies  vure  iinc  v.ed  with  vi;.;oiir  on  both  iitles,  till 
the  :f)lh,  v\lien  they  aei  epted  theelector's  term,,  who, 
on  the  6th  of  Jani.'ar.  followitig,  entered  the  tnun  in 
friuiri'h.  I  k' eoniinuid  their  magilliates,  who,  with 
ihe  |ud;;es  and  ini.'iiMers  (wore  tealty  to  him;  and, 
of  hi.s  own  aii-oid,  exeirptjd  their  lilhe'v  from  t.ixcs 
for  eight  years,  on  condition  that  ihey  Ihould  rebuild 
their  ehurehes  ;  and  he  promiful  to  rebuild  the  great 
one  himfelt".  i  le  alfo  eontiiiucd  the  iiniverlitv,  the 
J'ehoo!'.,  and  religion,  as  t.'iey  \uie.  The  belieged  had 
a  line  tram  of  aitilkry,  but  wanted  powder,  filt,  and 
^\oa^. 

I'olu.'  is  remarkable  onl)  for  its  hop  trade. 

Anklam,  or  An' lam,  was  formerly  ealkd  'I".in",Iim. 
Some  authi  rs  will  hav  .■  it  to  be  the  fe.it  "of  ihc  Angli, 
nientiiniLil  b\  laeitus,  whoad'.amed  from  In  nee  to 
the  f'.lbe,  and.  t'.om  ihi  n^  e  to  t!ie  iliand  of  (I'n.r-liri- 
tain.  ll  m.ide  .1  good  figure  oH'e  among  t'le  J  i.ins 
Town-.  It  is  a  ;vant,igeoull>.  ii;ii.Uid  ami-lii  g.ood 
«ial)k  lands,  and  excel!  nt  palhire,  w  ith  the  i  uii.i  pi. 
rney  of  lifhing,  and  of  e\pin-ting  tf.eir  i  omn:odi'[;e-, 
abroad  by  the  river  I'l lie.  Ir  has  f'ji.i  parilh  thiin  lies, 
and  a  \  early  fiir  on  the  fecond  Sundav  alter  tlie  bir;!i 
of  our  lad..  It  fulferul  by  ft  mi, d  lies  in  ij.e  i.;th 
<muir\,  whui  ,1.  1  ;lUlel;e^,  ui:!i  a  :;;onalier',  afjd  a 
tl  \Mi-houle,  Were  burn:;  but  the  Io,,ii  vi.i,  nbuilr 
w  ith  11. .ire  b'. :ui'.;  . 

Pa(!"e'.\a!'.  k  ires  two  paro,  lii.d,  and  two  oihcr 
fhurehe-..  '!ii.  re  :.  ,\n  exeellenf  liirt  ui  brer  !;ev,ed 
litre.  It  i  a  piovri'.ihip,  w iiii  l"piritual  juril.li,  .'lon 
«)\ir  10  paiiil-c..  WIkii  I'omeiaiiia  and  tlu-  !^  i.ir- 
«;t|ilate  \ur-  u.'ider  d::.(.re;it  foveieigns,  tlii-:  pl.i.  c,  be- 
ing un  the  '"ilir.'.i  (,1   l.iili,   v..i..  fiequentb.  ;i  b.  iir  of 

<  nntention. 

(■'art.'.,  oiK-  ef  the  pafTe..  of  the  Order,  was  w, died  in 
1  ;;:■;,  by  Ji.irnnm:,  I.  duke  of  I'onnrania.  It  has 
♦•ight  parilhci  i::;d(.r  i;-.  iurifd:cii(,n,  and  fevtra.l  \earlv 
fiirs.  It  wab  a  great  fuilerer  tlurin;',  tin-  long  wai-;  in 
(itrmany  ;   tor  its  fituation  rendered  it  alva'.  sa  place 

<  f  im[)i)rtan(:e  ti  t'le  poi'iefiiir. 

L'kinnundclhiiidi  >Wieie  tlv,  L'kcr  iivcf  fills  into 


lllM'J 


the  Sv 


L'fi 


e  >w  in  tiom   i_  in,  >  u. 
rum,  01    lulini.'iii,  li:;-- 


lota  in 
The  town  was  Duilt  o;,t  of  tti 

muly  one  ot  the  largtil  tines  111  furope,  next  10  L 
llantmople,  being  mhaliited  by  Dants,  Swidei,  ,,n. 
liuis,  Je.i,,  and  imrchants  ot  al!  iruions,  who  h.iJ 
their  leiMiate  llreets,  and  houles  of  exihi.'igf;  and 
l,ud  10  h.ive  been  fo  po\\eitul,  as  lin;',l;.  to  m.iuitain  a 
vvar  againll  IXniturk,  and  to  have  taken  its  king  .Siii- 
noMe  jiil'Mier  tlirce  feveral  time;  :  but,  having  been 
partiv  Oei,ro;.ed  In  lightning,  and  paitlv  bv  the  air,., 
o.  \\  olden. ai,  king  ol'  Denmark,  it  was,  in  \ro 
total),  d.iiioliilied,  and  ha.  fctn  but  an  ineonlid.T.ible 
town  ever  lince,  t  'ommer  c  having  been  tr.uif- 
lerrid  to  l.uoeeka  u,  iJant/ick. 

•Maigaid,  on  tile  Ihna,  i.,  a  ea;v., 'ous,  handfomc 
to.jii,  ir.iiiaimng'  lev eral  ehurehes,  inone  of  which  the 
Caivimll.  are  allowed  th  •  cNeieife  of  their  religion. 
Iluvaiv',  lHi;.!e-.ai.  :..■■!;•,  a  treedehoo!,  a  houi'e  of 
ioiK._t;on,  v.iuous  m;;  nd.i  HLres,  and  1  eonliderabic 
ii.ide.  Ihe  llreets  l.i'  ll;  ;  tin  1  are  erowde,!  w  ith  fol- 
iliei),  and  nothing  is  l<i;i  i,.--  ngimei-.t,.  The  [lolliU 
boil-,  tile  biliiui,,  ;.;-„i  [lu-  m :--  'pea fa r.^..,,  are  .ill  mili- 
t.irv. 

Camin  is  a  <(mliderab!e  town,  ha-  a  foundaiion  for 
ladiis  a  proMidiiiip,  and  t;:n-,  ;.(x.  Iv  fairs,  b\  whieh, 
V.  nil  ils  eoiiimeiie  .uid  f.ilu-rie-.,  il  is  likil>  to  bec.ime 
Dpi:!,  ni. 

k.  l;Viid(  n,  or  Helgart,  i;  a  little  i.n,n,  w'-h  a  good 
ira-.te.  In  r.ime  public- acts,  it  is  e.ilf-d  Ix-lgrad,  an, I 
ii'l.-i.id.i.i.  I;  I-  a  very  ancient  loe,  n,  of  whuh  we  find 
iiu  ciii.iiii  a.  eount  till  the  preaJiing  <>f  the-  ;',;il'|)el  in 
link;  parts,  whieli  w.isab.uic  the  1  ith  miiiirv.  It  w,i.i 
heietolore  very  i-onlklerab.le,  botii  for  the  nuiiiber  and 
v.iiour  of  its  inhabitants  ;  but  has  grei-rlv  l'.;lfeied  by 
v., IIS  ,ind  eonllagrations.  Xiar  the  above-meiininied 
are  li  viral  tow  lis,  or  their  rcm.ii.n-- ;  bi:i  none  of  thmi 
ill  I'l-rve  puii,  uLirdefeription. 

Colim  is  a  \er\  [ilealani  town,  with  ,i  good  air,  a:id 
the  ulii.il  reliiknceot  the  billiop  (•rt.aiiiin.  It  bciig 
but  a  league  from  th.e  Baltic,  the  inh.abttant;  can  ealily 
e.Nj 'ut  their  corn,  ami  impen  what  con  :i<oditie.s  liiey 
walk  from  abroad.  '1  he  I  rilihe  i  iolle  lake  is  a  Irea'- 
lurc  kOlIiein  ;  for  they  cften,  jh  the  winter,  bring  up 

100 


EUROPE.] 


K   I  N  fin  O  M     o  I       I'  R  I'  S  S  I  A. 


I  i-   ill  liiultcl  l)v    .1 


IHTIO,  IS  .1  CotUi  lit 


l.n.n,    w  >:h  a  "ood 


<  i:!i  .1  i'otvl  air,  ,\:;i\ 


looo  wtinlit  <it'  filli  there,  at  one  ili  i'ii;lit  nl  ilit  nci. 
It  is  not  only  ruinmiuli  il  with  ilii'  tulc  .it  lih'Ji  uita, 
lint  li.is  .1  lli\ani  i-.ilk'il  N  Kiili.ul),  wlmli  iiims  nulls 
for  li'Vil:»l  iili'..  I'lif  .uli.licnl  louiitry  is  liiiillnl,  mu\ 
iniiit|icTlcil  villi  ri.\i.i.il  Intl.  liilK,  on  «lii' l>  iId^iI  nr- 
MKily  l'i>|iilh  iliapcis,  iiiikIi  ti.i|iniii«il  l)v  piliiiiius. 
In  14S0  It  \v.i;  rnunlily  trcaiiil  \>y  ti«^'\].\u^  X.  iluki  ol 
Ponu'i.ini.i,  till'  :i  ni'.iiiiiy  ot  ihc  iiili.ki  ii.inis.  i  Kiv  arr 
a  p.iriili  iliunli,  anil  twootlurs,  oni- nf  wlmii,  nt.ii  the 
r:\llK,  w.is  litTi  lolnrc  a  nim;i'  ly.  Tlu  ic  is  allit  .1  1  ol- 
jcni-,  wliiili  liab  lint  tbitli  lomt  oiiintiit  piitt  IIdis. 
On  Si.  Siiimn  ami  St.  Jiiili.''  ilay,  in  if504.  the  town 
ua^  liiiriii  (t^nvii,  lull  lo  11  iclniilt ;  aitil  in  i;;;itliit- 
Icii-il  vciy  iiukIi  liy  |kIIiIciu<.'.  I  luc  ,n\  thru.'  annual 
tans, 

C'oriin  ii  the  taimil  ol  a  oailuvnk  mar  Btlj^aiil,  ami 
has  a  verv  ^ mil  tallK'onilu  rivir  I'tilam.  At  ilu- 
entriiac  ot  iln-  tov\n  there  is  a  wo  ulen  lirul^r  ovii  a 
river,  tornuil  by  tin-  I'lnlhix  ol  three  linalier  oms.  ji 
's  a  very  plialant  place,  aiulhas  l)ilonj;eil  to  tlic  bi- 
Ihops  ot  Caiiiin  I'Vtr  lime  1140.  It  has 'i  1  annual 
fair  .  Ill  1(14;  ii  ln.!.l  out  a'j;aiii(l  a  Ii  ;',.  by  tin.-  liii- 
peiiiliit'. 

Colhei'i^,  or  Coll'iir^,  is  the  lapiial  ot  thai  pait 
called  the  (hii.hy  >il  Cailub,..,  ami  llamls  at  tin.  iiiouili 
ol  the  IVrl.'.nt,  near  the  H..l:ie  llv>rc.  Salt  i  mule 
here,  <i|  whith  j;n.at  iiuaniitie^  are  lent  a!  loail,  10  the 
t^reai  iniolu'.Kiit  ir'  the  town,  ami  imiea'e  01  ilie  re- 
venue ot  the  I'rullian  iiioiiauh,  to  wli  'in  ilie  town 
tame  In  the  treaty  oi  Muiiller.  lis  hubour  is  ilc- 
teuiK'il  I  V  a  llrniij;  lallle.  It  hath  loiiie  tr;uK';  i>'n- 
lains  1.  ur  ihurehe^,  one  ot  which  ii  ei'IUj,iaie;  has  a 
foiiniliiion  lor  laiiies,  aiul  a  grammar  IcIiolI. 

Near  the  above  aic  IrnlcriLklbui;',,  a  market-town, 
which  gives  name  to  a  bailiwiel.  ;  (iul/.o,  a  market- 
town,  wliiih  gives  name  to  a  "lillrn't ;  an. I  Naiiu,arteii, 
a  tmall  town,  liiuated  on  a  Like,  Irom  which  a  lurJlbip 
reecivis  lis  appillaiion. 

Swedish  I'onmmcania  lomprehemb  the  illaiul  ol 
Ruij,>  n,  whu  li  has  .ilic.utv  bei  n  ileleii'.eil  in  our  .it  touiit 
ol  S.ie  len;  the  ill.iml  ot  Hiiklenree,  which  is  rem.uk- 
able  only  tor  a  lij^^hihoule;  .\  lew  llinlkr  illaiiils,  ol 
too  liitle  impoil.iiice  to  uieiii  meiilion;  aiv.l  hmie 
plaees  on  the  toniimni,  the  piiiicip.il  ui  which  are  .1- 
lollow  : 

Stialiiinil,  the  largi  ll  ami  ri  hell  town  in  Swcdiih 
Pomerinia,  iheli.xtli  in  rank  ot  th  •  11  ins  Towns,  ;uiil 
a  tiee  iin|ivrial  tiiv,  llar.ils  n.ar  ihe  b.iiiks  01  the  lea, 
o\er  .it;ainll  the  ill. .ml  o.  Rr 'eii.  'I'll  ■  luoll  aiiiheiak 
account  ol  ii  is,  ih.u  beiiu:  loi  the  iroll  part  il.llio)eil, 
it  was  m.:g:iiti'.cnily  rebipii,  i  nl '.n'tii,  and  pe  .•,  led 
with  ( iernians,  be  jaroiii.u ,  the  |  ,  iiice  o!  Riij;cii,  a'  inii 
i.;c(i;  and  thai  m  ll  ot  ii  b.  in>;  .ilie'ward.  1  uuu  In 
the  l):iii.  s,  ll.e  l;lu.ilio'i  w.b  al'.cied  by  his  Ion  ai'om 
\i^o.  '.\heii  it  w ;'.'  I  iHi  a.  !■  on  i.'.v  jiopui  )U',  and 
was  loiiitivd.  In  ihe  cr.  ll  wars  o;  (ieiniain.  couni 
\\'alli  nitciii,  the  impei,  ll  pencr.d,  i  elie^ed  it  ir.  \am; 
not  loni;a'ter  whi  li,  ;he  citu'-en'  pui  t'.lenllelvc^  umler 
the  pioieotiiii  11'  ( iull.ivus  Ad.  Ipluis,  kin.;  ot  S.>eik;i. 
The  elector  ot  {{randvuburs;  luok  it  in  in-S,  alter  de- 
lliovint;  1  ;oo  lioules,  by  l"iinb-.,  in  one  luidit'-tinie.  In 
1711  the  Llivjs  ot  I'll.ucl  and  Drnii.uk  belie_i!,(.d  it  m 
v.iin.  In  I  7  I  ;  the  kiiii],  ot  S  '  cd.n,  Charles  XII.  ar- 
ri\.d  h.re  from  hi  loivj,  cuiti'X'inent  in  'ruikey,  attei 
lii^deLar  at  I'ullnua,  .mui'ated  il..- j:;.irril'ai  to  hold  out 
a  viuoious  liei;e  aj;.iinli  llie  kni^i,-  o'  Deiimaik  and 
Prulli.i,  .illllied  l.y  die  Kullians  .uid  Saxons;  but,  not- 
wilhruindini;  his  continu.ilb  lu|>|i!vini;  lluni  with  men 
and  provilion  trom  tl'.e  ilie  ot  Ruij.eii,  the  town  wa' 
tor^ed  to  turieiider  on  terms,  att.r  tour  months  lie<ie. 
It  was,  however,  by  the  treal-  ol  i)eaee  in  1720,  re- 
lim|uiihed  aiiain  10  tb.e  Sw  d  -•. 

It  enjovs  ^,reat  privileges,  the  i  hiet  of  which  are,  th.il 
the  m.iiiillrales  ,uv  empowered  to  d.ttmiinc  all  caubs 
anioiij:;  themlelves  without  an  apjjcal  ;  t"  coin  money, 
and  r.ule  troops  for  (^-a  and  l.iiul  I'ervice;  to  m.ike 
league  and  conlederai  les  tor  advancin;;  tlu  ir  trade; 
to  chute  whai  pi  inte  ^i  the  empire  lliey  pleale  lor  their 
No.  0(). 


7'7 

piciitviori  anil,  in  tale  of  a  naval  war  bv  the  empire, 
they  are  not  ol  li-td  to  \entuic  then  llups  ;inv  tarthci" 
tlian  Is  coiidlli-iii  with  the  dtety  01  tlienty;  nor  arc 
ilie\  olihf^ed  to  hIm  more  dianthev  pl.t!,  m  the  eon- 
tiibutions  whiih  die  oilier  towns  in  iheiluthv  are  taxed 
at.  It  lulleied  nuiih  by  a  tire  in  \(>u'\  a-  well  an  by 
fieges,  luit  II  now  a  llonrilliin,',  litv.  It  li  ■<  in  a  (ortof 
pemn'ula,  torinai  b\  the  lui  and  the  lake  li.mckcn. 
I  he  let,  Ironi  heme  to  Rii:en,  is  .ibout  a  niile  over; 
iml  there  are  lix  t>.iie-,  with  a  nri'iy  l)iid;;es,  leading 
tothemirom  theiiiy,  10  whi  h  the  nieuliani  lliip-i 
111  the  haibiiur  ar.  latien.d.  On  the  land  lide  it  is  re- 
L',iiliil\  toiiiiiidwitli  '  iilwark'  and  liili-|)oiids,  iwonuil- 
1,11'  t-lliois  in  bu  idili,  belicl.s  l,iri;e  diii  lies,  and  natural 
iiiailhes,  only  pailiible  by  four  eaulewavs  and  biiih.-c-, 
leadinj;  from  four  j;  .tes,  ami  all  toiii'ied;  which  nuke 
ai'pioatlies  d  jt  \er\  diltnult.  It  has  an  excellent 
haven,  wh.re  llvjis  I'  iix- up  into  the  veiytcjwn;  and  ii 
io  w,ll  lliu.iied  tor  fi.iili,  ihat  it  h.is  a  veiv  gre..t  anil 
.'.ilvant.igeoiis  loinii.ere.  I  oih  bv  li a  and  land:  for  ic 
IS  to  be  obiervcd,  thai  h.re  bi^in  the  t.sport  o;  thull- 
llaple  liinmodiiies  whiih.ill  l.nrope  tends  ti.r  to  the 
H.dtic,  as  vorii,  and  naval  tlorts,  viz.  hemji,  (lax,  he. 
:  lit  tlpeiialiy  torn,  ot  wh.ii  h  gnat  i|uuiiiiic<  are  e. 
polled,  this  biiiij;  tiie  till!  eliy  in  the  B.dtiv ,  to  whieli 
the  l)i;  cli  trade  lor  it.  lleie  are  dlii  great  c[u.int!ties 
ot  hiney,  w.ix,  tar,  pilch,  roliii,  hides,  t.dl.iw,  and 
linen,  eip  ciahy  e.invas,  ot  which  a  i;ood  toil  is  made 
h  re.  '1  he  lire. Is  are  1  r  la.!,  .and  the  buildings  Iv.auti- 
tul,  the  private  houles  being  ot  Hone,  and  uni  01111. 

li.iib  ll.inds  on  a  Ima'l  I  .ly,  1  j  miles  from  Stra'liind. 
It  j;i\cs  name  to  a  t'mall  pr.ntip  .litv ,  ,'nd  is  celebrated 
101  .111  exiel  .nt  kind  ot  l..er.  ll  is  U  tended  by  a  tlrong 
i-.ilUe;  ai'd  h.iS  .1  iounvlati^'n  lor  ladu  .,  lirlt    l)egin  in 

'"v- 

Kcnz,  a  Imall  villa -e  in  the  nviglibouiho  idot'Uanh, 
IS  iiuieli  lre;uen'td  t  r  its  mniial  waui'. 

Irebelis  is  an  old  but  imp  'riani  fro".iiei  tmvn,  with 
a  cllle  and  1  .iiliw  tlv.  About  the  ifii.  ot  the  121I1 
ctniiiiy,  R..iib.ir,  duke  ot  I'oin  rania,  took  ii  tioin  the 
pc'  [iI-  ot  Riigen,  and  convert,  d  tlieiii  to  Cliriilianity. 

(i.ktisv.ilde  is  li:uaied  at  the  b  utomola  gulji'  jp- 
p  Ilie  10  lie  ill.'  >  t  Kugen.  h  i-  conliderable,  hand- 
loiii  I  1  U;lt,  lirone'.v  t  irt:fied,  pofledes  a  sinod  trade, 
'as  threat  piiv.l  ^  s,  and  piodikes  ,1  laige  revenue. 
I  lei,  are  an  unive.iiiv,  a  graiiiimr  ti.  liool,  and  ( icm.in 
t.min.iiA  ;  and  ihethrie  pallors  of  the  lown  .ire  ih.olo- 
gi.  -li  pioteliiii  .  In  tile  nei.  hbourliood  are  f.ilt  Ipring';, 
wlhcli  .lie  nut  ol  any  iitihiv  fir  want  o!  fuel,  'ilu; 
lown  ha-  a  goed  harbour,  \wili  many  lliip-  I  elon^in^ 
to  I!.     ILie.ue  two  annual  lairs. 

\\  Ig.ill,  a  ti)wn  near  the  iiv>  r  P.  nc,  has  a  pretiy 
u',"o.'  1  ade.  ll  g.Vvs  name  to  .1  lounty  and  lordlhip, 
..s  It  did  ..ncieiitly  to  achichy;  .ir.d  leveral  t^f  th  duL.s 
.  i  roiiierani.i  are  intoned  in  n-  par  eliial  c!. inch. 

Ciio.lkow  is  a  touii  on  tiie  liver  I'ene,  and  .1  capita! 
o,  a  Ci'Ui.tv  "t  th.  I.ime  n  me.  I'p.m  ti;e  dea:h  ot  i:s 
tall  count  w.thoui  iu'ue,  iIk-  dukis  .4  I'omct.i' i.i,  !■> 
wli.itn  It  ilecoleed,  lei.'.ed  it,  and  li '..1  li'C  inveiiiture 
ihervot  i'A  the  eirj  eror ;  bv.i  it  :;ft.rvv:'.rdb  belonged  t.> 
the  S.'.edss,  though  no.',  to  ti:c  kiiv;;ol  Prultia. 

'1  hi-  town  was  the  (iil'i  in  ilule  pins  that  r'.e'jiveil 
Chiiiiianity,  up.'n  iisl  e;ng  ineaeh.d  Iv,  Orion,  biflup 
ot'  li'.nibc'g,  talKd  the  .  p.  Ilie  of  Poineiania,  who 
bu.ll  .1  chuich  heie  in  tl.^  !•  o:n  01  its  Pagan  temple; 
,ind  It  was  ilun  a  town  ol  U  me  eminence  ;  I'Ut  it  was 
t.vken  and  phiiideMl  liv  ihe  L)  nts,  a'ld  the  pe 'P'.  or' 
Riigen,  in  i.;i7;  and,  ait.r  tlu  deiivliti  in  ot  its  ^:.)tle, 
b.  til  inh.ibiiaius  ot  Str.liund  ;  nd  ( ii  iplwald,  in  1  ;o!!, 
li  ;;iiaib  dwind.'d.  1 1. '.e  w.is  .  nee  alfo  a  c.-.lle.],ia'i,' 
e  luic.i,  on  v,li.:;c  1)  n 'd  ievei..i  parilhcs  ilpemled,  as 
t  '  l|ii,iiual  juntdki  ion,  wlixii  'le  now  lli.'.rcd  li.t'tve.n 
W'olg.Lll  and  (iiiiJiwali;  and  Giotlkow  itl'elfdepe.i.is 
now  on  the  lyiioil  ot  (iii,.r'.vald. 

Lii' t/.  ll.ind' on  tiu  I'ene  river,  betw-.-n  'ires)!;  \v 
and  D.main.  The  P.  nierani.ms  rook  it  liif;  liom  the 
coiinisoi  t.iiottlco.v,  and  .'.ticriv..Kl  ■  liom  the  puueesof 
MeckLnbiiiL'.     It  has  tour  aniiuai  lairs, 

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718        A  NEW,  ROYAL  and  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEaT  or  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRArriY. 

Ill  Swctlifli  Pomcr.inia,  as  in  tiic  divifnins  of  the 
Prii(Ti;in  iloininioiis  111  (;iiuTal,  are  many  towns  anil  vil- 
lage?, too  inconfukTaiik'  to  merit  inlertion. 

MAr.DP.Bi'RG  ib  a  level  country,  watered  li\- the  Elbe; 
ill  lume  plaee-  woody,  in  others  marlliv  orlanily;  but, 
in  inotl  parts,  To  excee(rm;i!y  rich  in  ralt,asto  be  eai>a- 
blc  ot  f'upplvHigall  (iermaiiy  with  that  tonimoiliiy.  It 
was  formerlv  an  arehbilliiiprie,  credcil  at  the  leqiiell 
ot  tlu'  ciiipv-ror  Odio  I.  with  riibjeclion  to  none  in  Ipi- 
ritual^  but  the  pope;  and  it-  ]>ielate  wa^  primate  ot  all 
Ciernianv  till  the  rctormation,  when  the  tanons,  havinjf 
embraeed  Luihers  dodrine,  ehol'e  the  eledor  ot  Bran- 
denburi','5  Ion  adminiltiator  of  the  archbilhoprie;  alter 
which  it  remained  in  the  adminill  radon  of  a  ("eciilar 
piince  till  164S,  when  it  was  eltablillied  by  the  treaty 
ofMunlter,  that,  after  the  d.aih  of  the  then  atliiii- 
nillrator,  the  whole  country  lluiuld  devolve  on  the  elee- 
tot  of  Brandenburg  as  a  feeular  ellate,  anil  a  dukedom. 
It  is  aecord.in^ly  now  lubici't  to  thai  ekaor. 

Mag,debui  g,  the  capital,  it  \nds  on  the  I'dbe.  It  is  as 
ancient  a  city  as  moll  in  (iermany.  The  name  fignilies 
Maiden  Town,  which  liime  aleribe  to  the  worlhip  paul 
in  it  10  Viims  till  her  image  and  temple  were  ilellroyetl 
by  Order  of  Chark'T.a^ne,  who,  charmed  uiih  its  fitua- 
tion,  built  St.  Stephen'^  church  there,  with  its  tn-afure, 
together  w'nU  a  lort,  to  a-AC  the  Saxony  The  town  was 
tiill  built  about  the  vear  1^40,  bv  (.'Jtho  1.  wiio  made  it 
imp  rial,  and  was  enlargeil  by  ins  cmprel'-.  i''.dg'iha, 
il:'.ui;liier  to  our  S:xin  kin^;  i-'.dmund,  who,  fome  lay, 
founded  it ;  but  others,  w'tli  more  proiul'ility,  ihatlhe 
received  it  Irom  him  a- a  part  ol  her  dowry  in  mar- 
riage. The  lirll  tournameutv  in  f  iermany  were  ap- 
poinied  here  by  the  emperor  i  lenrv  the  Eowler,  to 
which  none  were  atimitted  but  thote  of  noble  extr.ii.'tii.ii, 
and  un:  l.milhej  r  ]'uiaiion. 

1  he  (ituiuion  ot  th  s  city  is  very  fine,  having  an  out- 
let on  all  lidest  >  I'paeioiis  plain  ,  thai  are  very  fruitful 
in  coi  n,  as  well  as  an  inlet  of  riche^  by  ihe  river  i-'.lb/  : 
but  tlieie  are  few  town'-  in  (jennany  that  have  fulieied 
()  much  as  this  by  war,  liege-,  ravages,  and  tire.  It 
ua=  llie  grealilt  full'eier  in  that  called  the  llurtv  vear- 
\var;  r.Cvaule,  tor  lo  lo.ig  a  time,  (ieimanv  was  ra- 
vaged on  all  fides:  li>r,  in  i^^i,  the  emperor'-  general, 
count  Tilly,  took  it  by  ftorm.  aflera  long  fitge,  niaf- 
iaireti  t!ic  inh  il;itants  in  a  moll  baibarous  nianiur,  and 
burnt  .ind  deliioyed  the  whole  town,  e\i  e|it  ilic  (athe- 
(Iral,  and  a  few  in'onlid  la'.'le  hou'e-,  or  niher  cot- 
tage .  o-  iillnrmen;  to  that  1  ri  cluinhes  and  thapels, 
m.'.ny  o'  them  covered  wiih  lead,  and  one  wiih  copper, 
were  re'.I.'cid  to  allies;  and  of  40,000  Ijurgher-,  not 
above  ar.-)  eltap.d,  and  thele  ha!  no  lupport,  t'te 
gen.ral  liavi;-.i,  oider^d  his  I'okiiers  to  fpare  luith^rage 

'I  iie  e'ee*-  irs  o*  R   •.-idenburti  hive  (ir>ce  rri>aMed  it^ 


.  '  «        .'t 


'.•nlenivirg  hive  Iir>ce  npaireef 
f  iitiiicaiions.  whiih  ..  l-.  ing  been  carried  on  in:in\'  vear  , 
are  \ct\  lliong.  The\  iiave  alfo  rebuilt  one  Hatch 
chuic'i.  Tlie  Jefuit-  h.ivea'f)  a\er\  line  iluir^  h;  the 
tiiae  .■■,  ligions  |-e;ng  tolerated  here,  according  to  the 
treiiv  .■!  WMlphalia;  andi  the  i.wn  is  populous  ex- 
te.  live,  a'ld  has  a  fl  Hirifliing  trade.  The  cuhedial,  a 
ma  •:•.;. -itnt  itrudurc,  built  alter  th'.'  Eng:i;h  model, 
wa-  t  nmd  d  in  1  2  1 -',  by  ,\rilit.ilhop  Albert  I.andde- 
ili'.ate  I  (a-  the  former  thai  was  Iniint)  to  St  M.iuiice, 
Here  i- ihat  cal'ed  Oiho's  cliapel,  where  he  l^  rcpre- 
''■:  t-d  111  M  iflo  Reli  \i>  over  iIk  a'lar,  with  Irs  enijirelV 
1'.  i  iiln.  an  1  t!ie  li^uies  of  hmjIks  ofgolj,  winch 
hid  bi-eii  iiHiii  h\  them  u|jon  the  lormer  uithedra!. 
T::i'  i!r.i;c'i  hu  4.1  aliai';  and  t!ic 
choir  is  .  t  .Mie  ti  ^ne  of  divers  co 
wioi.giii,  iiinf;  I  fuiiburgill-  long,  tour  broad,  and  one 
thick.  I'ch'iulthe  hi-.h  altar  are  the  tombs  ol  ilieem- 
p;-roi  fH'o,  .uv\  the  emptet's  Edgiiha,  whole  bones 
Were  lem  a  ed  b.ither  from  the  rums  ot  the  oM  caflie- 
dr  I.  In  th  from  of  the  choir  there  is  a  tine  marble 
iUiu-  ol  St.  Maiii,.-,  he  patron  of  the  church,  iiaving 
a  fhield  in  one  hand,  with  the  Imperial  eagle;  and,  in 
iheoth  I-,  th,  Itandard  wdU  winch  theuti/.en-  inarchto 
till-  fifkl  in  time  of  war.     Anion;  ijther  -Jiium -nti  arc 


iigii  alt  ir  in  the 
nirs,     ciiiioufly 


M 


the  fiatues  of  the  five  wifi;  virgins  (miliiiL',  and  the  five 
foolifh  ones  lamtntin;';  both  w- II  executed.  In  the- 
ruins  ot  the  cloyiler  of  the  Augntlin  friars,  in  which 
order  Martin  Lviiher  was  one,  there  are  a  chamber, 
bedttcad,  and  table,  which  a]ipcar,  by  an  inlcription 
over  the  iloor,  in  (ierman  verle,  to  have  belonged  to 
that  reformer.  The  elecfor  Frederic  I.  luiiir  a  houlb 
in  thisiitv,  which  f.ues  the  great  li|uare  before  the  ca- 
thedra!, and  is  oppolite  to  the  eitatlel  he  bmlt,  wliidi 
is  divided  from  it  tiy  the  I'^lbe. 

This  riser  bring-  up  a  great  many  nu reliant  fliips 
from  Holland,  Hamburg,  Sec.  to  the  iiuay  <if  M-:g- 
ileburg,  and  forms  an  illand  before  tiie  town,  which 
has  f()ir.e  works  of  earth  call  u[),  with  fev^rai  houfes, 
and  large  wharehoufVs  of  fir  timber  tor  buildini;  |]i;|)s, 
that  is  carried  to  Hamburg,  and  there  Ixiught  up  In- 
i)i\ers  ni-iihants.  The  illand  is  n^iiKtl  iioih  to  the 
lountry  and  the  town,  by  two  liridgc:.  Over  .againll 
the  town  houfe  there  is  cm  lolld,  in  a  fort  ot  cage,  an 
einrllrian  llatue,  encted  by  the  city  in  honour  of 
Of  ho,  aicompanied  with  the  llatues  of  his  two  wives, 
i'.dgitha  and  Adelais;  ami  fiverai  figures  of  .irmcd 
men,  holding  the  arm  ot  hisehiel  h  reditarv  domains. 
In  the  great  market-place  tliere  is  tlie  Itatue  of  Roland, 
of  the  tame  nature  with  thole  Charlemagne  canted  to 
be  let  u[)  in  all  the  townv  which  he  either  loundcd  or 
repaired.  An  acadenr  of  cadets  is  erect. il  in  thi.,  as 
well  :;s  Beilin,  and  other  towns,  where  voung  gentle- 
men are  inltruited  in  the  rudiment-  o:  war.  The  great 
lljuare  before  the  el.ctor's  pakace,  has  fc'.v  equal  to  it 
for  extent,  and  fine  houles  that  encomr-  ifs  it,  which  arc 
ill  uniform,  and  three  llories  high.  Tlieie  i'  an  arlenal 
tull  ol  cannon  an  1  Imallarms;  anil  though  not  loniag- 
niliecnt  as  that  of  lierhii,  niav  be  ranke.l  amon_;  the 
chiet  elle.vh.re.  The  chapter  ot  M.ig.leburg  meets 
in  the  cathedral,  i-  on  the  lame  footing  :'s  I  efore  the  n  - 
tiirmation;  and  theianons  mull  all  prove  their  no- 
bility ;  though  this  i-.  a  jiunctilio  with  w!ii',  h  the  elector, 
wh  )  confers  all  its  ilignitics,  I'ometinn.  ■  difpenie'-. 

Hal'e,  a  laige  town,  received  iis  nair.e  from  the 
iali-|it-,  difeovercd  here  previous  to  t;.e  iiirih  ot  our 
Saviour,  which  were  bclhnved  bv  the  empero.' Oiho  t!ic 
(ire:it,  on  the  ari  hbilhopric  of  Magik  bul■.^  i  lis  Ion, 
named  likcwile  0;ho,  gave  the  place  a  eliait.  r,  called  it 
Ha'k-,  aiivl  made  it  an  imperial  iii\.  'I'li.'  lo.wi  con- 
tains tour  l.dt  fpiings,  manv  boiling  lunilis,  ?>;c.  Tiic 
toll  ut  (lielalt  brings  a  very  confiderable  revenue  to  ilie 
king  ol  I'rufTia.  The  renters  of  the  lioiling  houles,  are 
tailed  piaiiii'rs,  :o-,l  mull  be  freemen  of  the  cit\  ;  but 
the  workmen  .ir  le/med  hallers;  and  th'le  Hill  retain 
the  Sclavonic  drcfs,  cuiloms,  manners,  language,  Jvc. 
Ihe  |irinci|ial  pari  of  the  lalt  m.idelKrei  conveveti 
i'y  the  Ellieio  Brandenburg.  l'omcrania.S,kiia,l'ru:lia, 
I'raiuonia,  cVc.  wlurc  it  is  dil'pof'.tl  of  I'y  the  king's 
f.ii;t"r>-.  Thek- fill  Ipriivjs,  and  tiie  ir'.iverlitv ,  ha\c 
renikivd  Halle  a  fi  iuritlong  placi;.  'I'he  univerliiy 
was  founde>f  in  i'iii4.  In  l>,ederic  I.  king  of  I'rufti.i. 
From  that  period  to  tne  ])ielent,  the  mcreate  01  the 
fludfiiis  h.'.slicen  ami/.inir.  Thi\  have  not  only  leen 
cininuit  ill  pouit  of  d'pniv,  i>ut  their  proficieiuv  in 
the  various  (l.'ji.irtmeiu-.  of  t!ie  I '.lies  I.  ttr.;. 

This  iinivirlii\'  is  t',]vruir  (o  iha;  ol  L;i|i|iv',  with 
nl|KLt  to  the  abilitie  i  of  tlie  proltd' IS,  tlu  difcipliuc 
of  the  (Indents,  .\i\i\  th  ihe.ipnels  of  living.  In  tl;c 
tower  of  Halle  aie  a  librarv,  loniilliiig  of  abo\  e 
ir^,03o  voliim'.',  a  Lutheran  and  Cal\  in,;l  ■:■:■  mniliu'ii, 
a  free  feiiilar  Calvmill  nuiiiurv,  tlixe  Lu.h.i.in 
(hurclies,  manv  Calviiiifl  ihurilns,  a  I'opifli  thapel, 
a  J  wsl'ynago'Me,  levei.il  c  hapels,   ho'piiai-,  i\e. 

The  ma'gilliatcs  have  large  eli  ites,  an  extenlive  lu- 
rii'l'i'tion,  great  j)ower,  and  main,  privile/e-.  The 
orphan  hoiil  ■  isalau<libie  inllitution,  and  theiorrec- 
lion  and  workhoule  ate  ot  inliniie  iitilitv.  The  inlia- 
biiaiits  larry  on  various  manufaetoiies  t  ir  gloves,  tluirs, 
fulliatis,  ffanm  1,  porulain,  gold,  nli'oons,  met., I  but- 
tons, lilk  It  ii  king^s,  wooll. 11  llo,  kings,  (.lotiis,  linen, 
tobacco  ;j;pe»,  lilver,  lliiih,  led  atid  yellow  lea- 
ther,  SiC. 

Ill 


iriRAriiY. 

(miliii'j,  :iiiil  thr  tive 
il  cxtciiud.  In  the 
ilhn  Irwxrs,  in  uliicli 
litic  :\u:  a  cliamlici', 
ir,  by   a'l  iiikription 

to  ll.lVC    I'flollL'Cll  to 

,rii  I.  luiilf  ;i  ImiiIc 
ll|ll.llf  Ixt.MV  thf  c.i- 
;k1c1  he  built,  whicli 

nany  nuichint  fhips 
>  thL-  ijiuiy  lit  M-:g- 
iro   tlictown,  which 
with  t'cvLTil  hoiirt.-<i, 
.r  lor  liiiil.liin:  lh;])s, 
iheic  Ixinglit  up  iiy 
,  loi'Kil  ii.iih   to  the 
idtrc.     Over  againll 
in  a  lort  ot  cagj,  an 
citv    in  honour   of 
.I'.v  of  hi-,  two  wives, 
il  figures    ol    aimed 
Il  le.huv.v  il'iniains. 
Ik-  ll.ilUi  ot  Rolaiut, 
ai '.ein:i'j;ne  caiilicl  to 
ic  either  toiiiided  or 
i  is  erect. il  in  thi.,  as 
w'iierc  younor  jj^cmlc- 
it .  o;  war.   The  i;ieat 
I.',  has  tew  e(]ual  to  it 
ur'nr'  '.(s  It,  which  arc 
1.    Theie  r-  an  arieii.il 
i.\  thou;j,h  not  lo  mag- 
ic rankcil   aiiion;^  the 
:ii    Magil.-lnirg  meets 
oiing  as  I  ch)iv  the  re- 
t    all  ]irov.'   their  no- 
I'ith  wlii'.  h  the  elector, 
etiiiie  .  ililpenic. 
(1  iis    n.ur.e    tiom  the 
VIS   to  tix  l)irth  ol  (iiir 
tlie  empero;  Oihothc 
.lagiKhni.:.      1  lis  ion, 
ace  a  chail.r,  called  it 
itv.     The  town  ion- 
ins;  hoiitls,  ftc.      I'ne 
derable  revemie  to  llie 
he  boiling  I'oules,   aie 
.■men  ol  the  eit\  ;    but 
;  ami  ih;le  Hill  retain 
.inner"!,  Lin;;ua;.',e,  Re. 
n.ide  here  i   cinvevecl 
icrania.SiUiia.l'riiriia, 
tilld   oi  by  ilie  kingV 
I  the    u••.l\erllt^,  have 
lace.     The   iiiiiverlity 
K  I.  ki  .g   ot'   I'lullia. 
lit,   the  iiKie.'.le  ol  the 
ie>  have  not  only  i  een 
It    their  prolicieiuy  in 
relies  I.  ttre^. 
I  that  ol  l^^ipfii',  with 
oil d' as,  the  dilciplinc 
els  of  livin  ',.     In  tt-.c 
1  "luilliiig  ol'  alM)\  e 
I  Cal\  in.ll  '.','•  mn aliuni, 
lerv,    three    Lii  h.ran 
l»s,  a  I'opilli  ihapcl, 
is  h"'p;ial-,  iS.e. 
'  lies,  an  eMenlive  lu- 
iaii\    privile 'C^.     The 
111  ion,  and  the  i  urtec- 
le  iitihtv.     The  in'.ia- 
toiics  t  ir  gloves,  Ihilf.., 
1,   ribbons,  inei.d  luit- 
I.  kings,  1  lot'.is,   linen, 
led   a'ul   yellow    lea- 
til 


El'ROPE.] 


KINGDOM     OF     PRUSSIA. 


7") 


In  the  environs  of  the  town  arc  nvmv  plantations  of 
mulberr\ -trees,  for  the  piirpofe  ot  feeding  lilk-wornis, 
and  the  improvement  of  the  l"ilk  inanulaeiorv.  The 
(ieniian  laniniage  is  i'pokeii  here  in  ils  utmoll  puniy, 
and  the  nunners  of  the  iiihabiMnis  arc  courteous  and 
pohte. 

(il  aichc,  near  Halle,  is  in  the  lame  bailiwii  k,  is  ce- 
leluatcd  lor  ."i  orphan-houle,  in  which  zni  orphan^  are 
conllantly  niaiiitainedandedui  ated,.indiuanyother  pei- 
I'ons  oci  alionalf.  relieved.  In  thekiioolare  taught  fle- 
hivw,  fiieek,  l..uin,  I'rench,  theology,  logic,  mathe- 
m^tic^,  plulic,  gco '.laphv,  hillory,  wriiiiig,  aiitlimeiii , 
hnging,  anil  e[iilti)laiy  correlpondenvC.  I  lere  are  two 
infpcviors,  ;o  pici  eplors,  a  dilpeiilary,  laboratory,  mu- 
leuiii,  piiiuing-prelle  ,  Si  .  I'.xi  liilive  ol  ihe  pretep- 
loi-.,  olhcers,  ami  orphan-',  on  llv  tounda;ion,  ab  ive  an 
hundred  other  Itudent-,  and  |>ooi  Ich  ilars,  are  allowed 
their  tlinncr  and  luiipcr,  intbmuch  that  with  perfons  o  - 
calionalK  ailmitied,  near  700  perfon^  cat  together  111 
one  large  hall.  Independent  of  the  above,  here  ardour 
Cieriiian  Ichools,  under  the  dire'ctionot  two  inlpectors, 
and  1  1  o  preccpLors.  Near  the  orphan  hoiife  i^  an  aea- 
lUniy,  where  young  genilemcn  are  langht  at  iheii 
own  expence,  every  polite  and  uletul  iiranih  of  eru- 
tiiiion. 

Tiiereare  ollui  towns  .n  the  duchy  ol  Magdeburg; 
lome  of  which  have  fab.  Iprings  loine  coal  and  cop|)er 
mine-,  and  others  carry  on  tiade  and  manufactures; 
but  th.'y  ate,  in  ge  icral,  too  iiiconiiderable  to  merit 
jiaitii  ul  irdel>  ripiion. 

l-I.vi,KKRs  r  ADTisaimall  province,  :;omile5in  Icn  ;ili, 
and  ■?  i  in  bicadt'.i,  has  a  goinl  foil,  yield-  pleiiiy  of 
corn,  and  the  toiclK  have  ihne  of  veniioii.  The  largell 
■'■ik  is  ihc  Mackel.  in  ihe  middle  ol  ihc  cotintrv. 
The  north-well  part  is  lull  of  fens  and  marlhes, 
through  w'hieh  tlykcs  and  ro;ids  are  call  up  towaiils 
Brunfwii,  l-klmlhadt,  ?cc. 

1  lalbciiladi ,  il-.  principal  town,  which  gives  n:\iti-io 
the  couniiy,  wa.  herei.it.ire  an  imperial  city.  It  lliikb 
cm  ihe  river  H;'tlieim,or  H.'iteim,  2.^  miles louiii-well 
of  Magdelnirg.  If  was  made  a  billiopriciivCli.irlemigne 
in  7S0,  wlien  ilielec  wai  translerred  !iulier  from  Oiler- 
wi  k.  Hilb'iian^  give  an  account  ot  4Sot  their  hilltops, 
m  ill  nt  th'-m  as  being  of  the  hoiiic  of  IJrunlwie,  and 
more  remarkable  for  being  liildi-ri  than  tcholais. 
Tikir  i;ih  bilhop,  Ramhard,  '.i'caled  the  emp-ror 
I  I.nix  \'.  in  the  \\')odsiil'\\eiro.  Tikir  iSth,  L'.rie, 
was  rouled  1"  Henrv  the  Lion,  duke  ot  Bi'unlwic,  who 
look  and  bu  11  ihe  town,  w  ith  the  ciiizens  ami  i  lerii,\ 
that  lied  to  the  catheilral.  Their  iglli,  Allien  ..I 
Hriinl'wic,  foiiglit  20  bailies,  and  gained  moll  ol  ihem, 
over  his  rivals,  who  were  I'-i  up  againll  him  bv  ihe 
pnprs.  Tile  ^ill  was  Alli.n,  a  gr. at  |ihilol'oj)h,  r, 
who  being  defeated  bv  Gcr.ud  the  E'.loiiuent,  billi  >p  "I 
Hildell.ee'i,  it  ociaiioned  a  iell  here,  that  rhetoric 
was  to.i  hard  for  logi, .  I'iieir  4-t.lh,  1  I  nrv  luliiis 
of  li'iii'l'.vie,  was  chiilen  when  bul  iwovears  old,  on 
condiiion,  th'i  the  dein  and  chapter  lliould  have  ihe 
giivernmeni  fo:-  i2y.ars,  and  pav  I'l.  ir  intaiiidiilliop 
anaiinuilv.  In  ivii  he  intioduccd  l-ullier's  retorma- 
lion.  He  was  I'lccc  tki\  by  his  ihrc  fine,  one  alter 
theoiher;  the  1  all  of  whom,  CInilliaii,  took  put  willi 
t!i  ■  I'li'i'll  mis  111  ihc  livil  wars  ot  Germain  .  ami  was 
a  guar,  but  unlor.unale  warrior.  Tluar4Sih,  and  fill 
billioji,  was  [.,ei>|io!d  William,  ot  Aiillria,  who  being 
|iiit  in  bv  the  Iir.pcii,.liils,  iello"ed  I'operj  :  but  ihe 
Swede  ,  rel.'.king  ihe  town,  rellored  I -ui  herinir'ii,  aiul 
kept  p.ilUllioii  ot  bothcia  and  dio'cfe,  till  the  billinp- 
rie  was  tcMilari/.ed,  aiui  given  to  the  elector  ol  IJiaii- 
denburg  I  y  ihc  lre:',l\  of  W'eilphalia  ;  and  now  il  bears 
die  lil'e  ill  a  prineipalil  y. 

Tlie  town  is  well  built,  the  ilreelsllrai  :uid  uniform, 
andni.iiiv  of  the  Innldiiigscompacl  and  ll.itelv  :  but  the 
moll  remarkable  is  an  inn,  called  the  Commis,  or  la.  - 
torv,  rcckoiual  the  largell  in  Europe,  and  lo  have  the 
liell  accommodations  |iir  llrangers;  to  that  in  the  time 
of  the  ci.il  war,  W'.illelillein,  the  emperor's  jv'i'er.ll, 
kept  his  court  in  it  tor  Iciuc  inonths,  and  found  lodg- 


ings in  it  liir  all  hisattenil.intsand  guar.ls.  The  trade 
here  is  inconfidcrable,  by  ivafoii  of  the  fmillners  of  the 
river;  but  as  it  is  the  leal  of  the  regency  of  the  iiriii.  i- 
pahtv,  anti  of  the  courts  of  jiiftiic,  11  is  much  Irc- 
ijueiiteil.  Its  cathedral,  whieli  is  a  tree-llonc  pile, 
adorned  with  remarkable  llatues,  belongs  to  a  ihap- 
ter,  wherein  the  C.itholics  and  I'lolellaiils  arc  equally 
admitlcd,  and  both  arc  a'loweil  their  public  woilhi[). 
Behind  ils  choir  there  is  an  image'  ot  the  Virgin  Mary, 
with  7:  titles  ot'  honour.  The  C.ith-.llcs  have  feveral 
e  oiiveiils  in  the  town,  <if  which  thai  i.l  the  Recollects  is 
the  moll  be.iulitul,,uu!  lluir  church  is  very  line.  Upon 
the  whole,  it  is  a  llrong  and  ])opulous  citv,  has  fix  gates 
:md  a  town  houte.  The  houles  whit  h  are  on  the  hill, 
or  about  it,  are  called  the  town  ;  thole  below  it,  tin.' 
luburlw.  On  the  f.ip  <if  an  hill,  in  an  el'nlanade.  Hand 
two  cluirtlies,   with  the  canons  houles. 

Gruiiinsen  is  a  tinall  town  with  a  large  caflle,  for- 
merly the  relidencc  oi'tlie  bilhops  of  Hdberriaiit.  Her'; 
is  .1  curious  chajiel,  gilt  all  over  the  inlidc,  with  tinegal- 
kiics,  ."^c.  This  town  gives  name  to  a  bailiwick,  as  does 
At'iheilleben,  .1  tuwn  on  the  Bode,  containing  a  Bene- 
diciine  nuniierv ,  and  a  convent  01. Augulbne  monk^. 

AiciierlLben.  on  the  l'',rne,  is  the  le.ond  town  in  the 
jirovince,  and  com. lins  three  chui\  lies,  one  ol  which  is 
common  b.ith  to  Luiher.ins  and   Calvinills. 

Weferlingen,  on  th.c  A  Her,  i^a  market  Lav  n,  and  con- 
l.uiis  a  Lullieran  abj.cv. 

I'^rnilleben,  on  the  S.ikt',  gives  name  to  a  circleand 
buli'.vick.  D.irdeli'en  is  a  walled  town  'in  a  hill,  /.illy 
is  a  Iniall  town  w  hich  iiives  name  to  a  bailiwick.  Hoivn- 
b'.irg,  on  the  I'te,  docs  the  lame,  and  ii  likewile  cele- 
liraied  for  its  hop  trade.  Ollerwick.on  the  lite,  has  11:- 
ver.il  woollen  mantitaclorics:  and  Reinllein,  formerly  ;l 
111  'ngc.illlc,  gives  name  to  a  countv  antl  circle. 

(ii.Ai'z  has  for  its  boundaries  Silelia,  Moravia," 
and  Bihemia,  and  is  t'cparaied  from  them  all  by  moun- 
tains alinoll  inaccelfible,  To  that  it  is  a  cuuntry  very  dit- 
li.iiit  to  be  eniered.  Its  length  is  about  yj  mile-,  and 
its  breadth  20,  Ixautitulh  diverlitied  wiih  villages, 
lulls,  ilil.'s,  m.adows,  lields,  llreams,  6cc.  atid  pro- 
iluces  whe.it,  pallure,  wood,  iiuairy-lloiies,  jalper, 
cornelian-,  game,  iilli,  pit-coal,  maride,  top.'.tes, 
mineial  vvaicis,  &:c.  Ii  is  vv.iteied  bv  ievere.l  llreams, 
parlicularK  the  Neyl'/.;  and  is,  up.m  the  vvlu'le,  an 
excietling  fertile  and  pleiiiitnl  c  untrv. 

Since  (ilat/,  became  I'ubje't  to  Prulii  1,  the  diets  have 
been  ilireoniiiiued.  It  w.is  not  comiuered  b\  the 
I'luli'ian  moiiart h,  but  ce  led  to  him  in  the  year  1  742, 
by  lliC  queen  of  Hungary.  For  ihe  gov.rnif.ent  ot 
(il.i;/.  there  is  a  regeii-.  v  ;  b^  'n  app.'al,  in  lither  civil 
or  c>cK  liallival  mat;ers,  lies  totiietouns  u  B.ilin;  and 
the  eili  es  arefubordiiuit.-  to  the  waraiul  d  imain  cham- 


ber  .11  Brillaw.     The  language  i,(.iei 


he  prill 


cip.il  luanulaCtiiiv-  are  due  ad  and  coifn;  but  the  la- 
vi'iiiii  ■  empli'\ii'.eiits  of  the  inh.ii  i^anis  are  tillage  ami 
ei.i'H'g.  'Ihe  ]>..opK',  in  geiur.d.  v.eie  Rom.,n  Ca- 
iholics,  lill  il ■'.  c>  r.iiiiv  lame  into  the  i' -(i;  fllon  ui  ihe 
kiiiL',  o!  I'iiif'le  ;  liiice  whi-'h  Lutli.  r.uiilni  has  b.ui  i  Ua- 
bliiii.  d.     The    lincipal  pl.v  .  s  are  t!i.  lollnving: 

(ilat/.,  the  cajiital,  s  liliM;!-!  near  the  Ney:/,,  .mi  the 
deeliv'.tv  ofa  hi!l.  Il  is  veil  io;iili.-el;  contain-  .'.n  old 
i.illh,  whiih  has  been  miK  ii  impiovd  bv  the  I'riil- 
lians;  and  .i  ih  w  i.ne,  whivli  t'  e^  liave  lat  ly  vreelcd. 
The  latter  i-  adirirablv  tiliiat  al  in  a  lull,  i.ppoliieto 
tlw  firm.r,  wi  ':  a  river  bei  we.  n  iheiii.  1  ler-  ..u.  com- 
inoilii  Us  b..iii.i.  k-  i.ii-  ihe  >.' m  ..on ;  and  the  a.l.umr 
cciiinirv  inav  I  e  h'll  under  water  i  y  means  el  llui.es. 
The  town  cori.'.ins  ,1  co'l, ae,  tw.i  lonvmis,  tcvcral 
iliuiilus.  .iml  ,  icy  1  ii.lcr.'ble  tt.'.de.  l''tom  i' :  lunt- 
mit  1  f  ih  ■  old  citadel  the  c:iuntry  ivay  be  l".en,  .vhich. 
a... '\i  11  as  the  town,  ha-  be»n  ivr.  ally  imprinMl  Inice 
the  I'iiiHiaus  b  :  ;i|-,ie  polleli'ed  of  il. 

1  .au.lei  ,  on  the  Bi.  la,  contain-  liinie  warm  b;  tiis. 


Ha 


|i    !, 


ri!t  is  a.  walletl  t-  wn  oi  ihe  Nv)  /. 
R..iner/  is  an  op. 11  t.  ,vn,   renKirl.:'l''e  I.  r  a  m;n  ra! 
fpiiu',     iiid  IS  m.!iiut.i..Lui\ .  oi    cl.  il'i    ph  I'l,    and 
p.ilicr. 

W'imululbur;; 


m 


1 1- 


»■'  ! 


■i 


t 


720        A  Ni:\V.  ROYAL  and  AUTIir.N'TIC  SYSTKM  or    TNIVTRSAL  (iFXXiRAPIIY. 


Wiinl' 


H'.rii  15  tiirrouiKkd  bv  wall?,  aiulha^.i  "it-at 


i 


'M. 


tl 


trail.-  HI  thread  ami  wo.illi'ii;  ai  Neurotic,  a  liillc  opcri 
to.v.i,  has  loriioili,  llutls,  ami  riuilV;  ami  [[imldorl]', 
a  ln>.all  Imvii,  is  rcmarka'iK    lor  a  cupper  nine. 

Ill  this  pro-,  imc  iIkti.-  is  a  hii'.h  mouiuain,  wlikli 
i'lTM-s  a^  a  wcathcr-^lai's  lo  tlic  whole  (.ouiury: 

i-',i;  bv  tliv-  iIoikIs  lh.it  on  :t^  head  appear. 
Flu-  wil. r  iwams  predirt  uIkii  llorms  are  near; 
A-,k1,  iioai  th'  i'ppearance  ol  its  top,  c\phiiii 
When  Inonswili  tail,  orie'.l  th' appro., eh  ot  rain. 

Ml  M'KN,  \\lneh  wa>  s.;i\e:i  to  tiie  elector  ot  Hiaiideii- 
i  iirs;  at  the  treaty  of  Munller,  lies  betwixt  Ol'naburg, 
and  Sehauniburj;,  and  is  io  miles  trom  e.ill  to  well, 
.md  .> ;  tioin  north  to  I'outh.  The  luuthern  pan-- 
abound  wi.h  corn,  ot  whieh  they  export  a  great  qu.ui- 
litv;  but  the  noithernaie  lull  ut  woods  .mtl  hills,  and 
lKi\e  plentv  ot  sianie. 

Tl'.c  capital,  ot  th.-  lame  name,  i^  a  neat,  w.  11  iorti- 
l.i.d  town,  on  the  we!t  tide  ol  the  W'eler,  ;o  mile^  eall 
ol O.nahurg.  It  was  mailc  a.  hilliopric  by  Charleniai;ne. 
and  evniinu.d  lo  .i-  luliragan  to  the  archbilhop  ot  Co- 
lo2,ne,  till  it;;S,  when  it  w.f-  leeiil.iri/'..l  by  the  treaty 
ot  .\lunll-.-r.  Ill  Charieinagiie''-time  a  eatlle  was  built 
at  the  loot  ot  its  liiid.;e  o\er  the  Weler.ot  which  lonie 
remains,  witii  other  .iiUKjuilies,  ;-ire  }et  viiible.  In 
I  ;:i;  the  reli>rnii:;"n  t  >..k.  pla.e  here  with  Uk  h  vehe- 
nieiKe  that  the  thijit^i  \.a--  "bli^ed  to  leave  the  city; 
tor  which  the  inh.ibilain-  were,  in  i;;S,  juit  iiiid.-rthe 
1  .in  I'f  the  emp'.ie;  and  in  i  ;4-,  the\  were,  in  con- 
Ki|'ience,  I'bhii.  1  to  l',.:rc;idei  iheir  town  to  Charles  V. 
'I'i:. ;,  W'  re  aliu.  it  cv^r  .,tt. r'.varils  in  c.^ntiniial  trouble- 
and  revoliiiioiiv,  .in  the  Icorc  ut'  religion,  during  the 
u  \i  -  in  I  iernla:•l^ .  Th,  cit\  was  taLen  by  tlieliiijie- 
ri.iiilK  Liiuler  louii;  Tiilv,  in  initl;  and  l.y  the  duke 
Ol  ISiunlwic  Luneiili.TL;,  in  i'S4.  It.  wa- taken  the 
tirll  time  ii\  ll onn,  when  Tilh  [ait  near  ;,030  men,  lul- 
ili  rs  and  inhabiiant-,  to  the  t'Aurd.  In  i'>;6  tlie 
.'s.\e  i..-  and.  rt.  ok  to  pioiect  the  I'rotellant  ir.liabitants 
a;-  1  ;,ll  the  p,rl>iiiti  m  ol  the  ch.ipter.  and  kept  p'l 
U:ii..n  ut  it  on  :!.'.!  ac.  i5iint  till  ii'i^,  when,  in  purlu- 
aiM-utih.  tr.  a!:,.i  otWeltphalia,  this  oikx  imperial 
iilv.  a;id  one  o'  the  Hans  Towns  alto,  wa- delivered 
tjihe  elect  ir  oi  Hiandeiiburg,  wlio  keeps  a  garnlon 
1,  ic,  -  ■         "  '  ■ 


ti.i  i: 


IS  m 
h.ke-.^ 
a  iar, 

1    11'.  i 


r-i  . 
1  . 
111. 
o:  ; 

.-Ic 


The  iii!!orii\  ot  the  inhabiiant^  are  I'roielianis; 
. .  tiiedi,d,.inobL' and  lartie,  thougii  il.:ik  llriic- 
\\'.\  .h  Is  l.iid  to  have  b^en  kin;;  \\  iitikiiur-.  pa- 
wl. ,  ua  hi-,  conveilioii,  luiiied  it  intu  a  c'uurch, 
I'.e  pulleinun  o''  t!ie  Ru::.,.n  Ci'.iiolics;  a-  .ire 
i.c  ill.  c'lurch-s .,.  ."--t.  I'.jIi  1  i'.i'.d  Si.  Siiiuun,  with 
■  ;n  );i.,ll  r*.  .^'i.iinin.',  to  the  l.utei-.  This  pla.e 
d.  I.j;-  a  p. Ill  ,.l.ir  '.I  1 1  of  paicb.er,  ii.ucll  ci- 
te.-:!! d  111  'leiilUi  ,  I'm-  .\|-.it  fi.e  uat-.llc  It  IS 
a  \i,,;!.d  to-.',  ii,  dele,  e.l  ;y  1  il.ehal  -moon-,  but  loni- 
li:i:.d,d  by  a  iieii  hi)  urin;',  I  i!|.  It  has  t.\u  chapters, 
o;,e  .it  I  anuns  'Vm\  tlu  uih  ro  lanoiuli's,  intowhich 
the  l.'.c'es  mull  make  piuol 'f  their  nuljility  to  bead- 
mi!:  >;. 

Miiiliii  has  ii:ti'r.  d  t>rea!ly  In  war,  and  has  f.  vual 
t  .lies  !i  ,n  belli -vd  .iii.l  lak,  ii.     I'pon   the  jiLiin  in  it 
\  ci;iit\,  a   memuial.le  battle  wa^  toui^lit  between  the 
I  ..n  li.   .11)  !  liie  I  u.ikdeiale  army,  iiiider  prince  l-ciu!- 
i:     l>iril\i'k,    on    the    ill    ul   Aiijnl;,     i  7  tI). 
e-    ■   iili.idiv   a.lv.micd  toivaid.  iii<ciniieut 
■\':\  iini\,  -aIikIi   w,is  lompoUd  ahnoll  wholly 
;       .-    It  w,i    il.e  llower  o;    th.ir  i  .iva'n  ,   who 
•  10  .       ihui  k  ul  t'le  .dliis  I  ly  be.viinui;'  ihe  i  ii- 
^i.i.'.-.r.ii  ui.      1  I..  Iinint  ol  the  baitlewis  a'm  ill  whully 
liill.iiiied  I  ^  l';e    l-ai;j,hlli    iiilaiitry    .md   I'liiie  c  uj)    ot 
ill'. '^'.11  11  ,   iv'ii.h  ll  ...d   the  reiter.ited  eiMri;es  ut  |u 
rii.mv    I'  di-     ifh-iK',  ihc   llren-lh  and  nf  iv   ut  the 
I.eiiili   ano;,-,   with  a  let  ilutiuii.   lleuhnl  ,  and   ex 
JitUij  Is  III    t'lcii    m.ina-uvres,  which   weie    n.ver  c,\- 
ce:  !.d,  or,  p.rhap  ,    never  e(|iialled.     Thee    cut    to 
pi   les.    Ul  eiili;e!>.  luiile  I,  thele  b  .'die  .      Twu  brigatles   ' 
o,    t    j!  aittmpt..d  to  Inppurt  ihem,  but  tiiev  vanithed  ] 
b  t/icdi.  Kn^iilli  intaniry.     Wtl.lejjiav.'s  and  Kiiijjl- 


ley's  regimmts  tlillini;uill>ed  themfelvcs  in  a  partiailar 
m.inner  this  day;  nor  were  then  commanders  lets  dil- 
linguillutl.  The  cn-.-my's  horfe,  which  lompulcd  tluit 
centre,  being  entirely  dilcomliicd,  ami  their  right 
having  m.ulc  no  tort  ot  impreirion,  they  thuught  ot  no- 
thing litit  a  letrcat.  At  this  point  ul  time  the  prince 
lent  orders  to  lord  Gcoruc  S.ukville,  who  commanded 
the  whole  Rritilh,  and  icveral  biigades  of  (ierman  i.i- 
valrv,  lo  advance.  But  the  orders  were  not  liilllcienllv 
preiile,  ur  tlie\  were  not  lulii.iciitlv  uiiilerlloud  by  the 
|-lnglilh  c.imm.inder;  lolhal  diirinL;thedelav  ticiali.ined 
in  w.iiiing  lur  explanations,  the  critic. il  minute  iialfed 
awav.  The  Hritilh  cavalry  loll  then  lliare  in  the  glory 
ot  the  action,  and  the  vi..iur\  was  Ids  dculisc  than 
it  w'.iuid  otherwile  have  been.  The  lolsot  ihe  l-'rench, 
111  this  adion,  amounted  to  about  70CO  men,  killed, 
wounded,  and  taken;  among  whom  were  Icveral  utiitcrs 
of  cunfiderable  rank.  The  lul-  ol  the  allies  ilid  not  ex- 
ceed .'000,  ,ibout  1 ,100  ot  whii  h  weic  luiglilli ;  tor  as 
tlie  l:Ingli'h.  had  the  greatell  glur\  in  the  action,  loihey 
were  thegrcitell  luller.rs. 

I'lterlhagcn  was  aim. ill  villagi  t.ll  172:,  when  it  ob- 
t.uiud  the  privileges  ol  a  town.  Ii  ha-' a  Lutheran 
ihiiicii,  a  brewcr\,  dillillerv,  and  is  ditcnded  l)^  a 
callle. 

1  lanfhcrg  gives  name  to  a  d  llrict  ;  has  ,1  brewery, 
dillillery,  three  vali'.ils  leats,  royal  f.am,  .md  i..lile. 
In  1722  it  was  made  a  cii\  and  magilliacv. 

Luiicik  i- a  fortilied  tuun,  inh.ii ntcd  f'y  Luther.ins; 
tlic  maglllrate-  having  both  civil  and  irimin.il  luriklic- 
tion  within  th.  diilrict.  PLrcarc  .1  It  hool,  alm--liuiife, 
riigar-huiile,  cha[ner-houle,  Js;c.  The  trade  lonliilsof 
c.mlc,  yarn,  woullen,  linen,  beer,  and  Ipirits. 

Ravi:nspui;(;  lies  t'outli  liom  Oliiaburg  and  Miiidin, 
north-well  from  Lippe,  and  nurth  from  Rheda,  is  ;S' 
mile-  ' -ng,  and  40  broad.  It  beluiiL's  to  the  king  c.f 
I'nilli.i;  isiiiotUyruiks  and  niouniaiuous,  and  has  its 
11.111  le  trom  its  capit.il,  which  is  li  ill. lie  d,  loigedier  with  its 
Ibong  l(  rl,  on  a  hill  ii.ar  the  River  1  Icliel,  iS  miles 
loulh  of  Oiiiaburg.  Here  it  m.iv  be  proper  to  oblerve, 
that  null  of  the  ancient  feats  ol  the  Germ, in  |)rinies  and 
nobility  are  thus  liiuated  upon  hill-,  w-hich  is  the  re.ilon 
that  lo  many  louniicsand  lordlliips  uf  ( ieimany  termi- 
nate in  lieig,  i.  e.  a  hill;  as  the  i-ealiin  why  lo  many  of 
it-  towns  end  in  burg,  or  botch,  is,  becaule  both  theli- 
moiiob  liable-  ligniis  .1  low  n.  The  uther  touii-  in  tliii 
pr.ivinic  are 

Bielvelt,  orHiiheldt,  formerly  a  H.ins  Town,  10 
miles  loi.ih  e.iii  ul  Ra\ciill)u.g,  at  the  I  uitomoi  a  great 
hill  and  det'emled  li\  the  impregnable  luit  ul  Sparen- 
burg.  It  mule  a  bi.ivc  rdiihin  e  a'.' null  the  1-remh, 
when  tlK\  att.ickid  it  lioin  a  nci'l.bouii'ig  hill  with 
granades  and  fne-balls;  lur  the  buigher-  ein-  red  lliei 
lioufis  with  webs  ot  linen  (their  ihef  manutactiire) 
dipped  in  milk,  wlii.h  preieiited  ti.cir  doitu',  mm h  da- 
mai'?.  Their  linen  i-  bicaihed  uii  tl'e  adia.  eiil  hiils, 
wlieie  it  i  watched  bv  bu) -,  who,  uii  th-  appru,;ch  o' 
ti.ive'Ii  IS  111  till  iVig'it  tune,  ii'akc  a  liideuii- how  I.  Tin' 
luwii  lu-,  in  the  roai,l  Iroiii  .\liinl  n  lu  Munll   r. 

1  lei\  uil-.!i.  01  llertiirt,  i--  a  pkal.mtb  Inu.i'.ed  town, 
and  ianied  1  1  the  m,aiutai';iiieu.  liiRii.  11  milis  loulh- 
eall  ;ium  Oln.iluug.  It  is  a  I'i'city  l.uge  pla-.e,  .li.d 
divided  iiilo  time  piris,  i.ille.i  the  Old'l'uwn,  the 
NewTu-,\n,  and  Radeuiih,  bytleiiMr-  j-.lla,  Aa, 
■ind  \\  erne,  li  was  tormerly  .ui  imp.i.il  city;  but  it 
IS  ill  luilt,  and  chielly  not'd  toi  a  taii.ous  nuiinciy 
luiiiulc.l  in  S  ^',  tlu-  ai.bel'-.  ol  \.hi.  h  tuimerly  held  this 
I  11  \  111  |iibi.,cti'>ii,  till  Anil'  ,  1  ouiii.  I  I't  Limburg,  and 
.iblie.s  of  ii-ii-  luiniuiy,  iMce  up  tl,-  i  itv  tu  W  illiaiii, 
duke  ul  Jiiiieis,  111  till  )i.ii  I.;,.  I'h  ■  li.ile  bel.ing- 
iiig  lo  11  w.is  loiiiieily  a  luu'.iv,  .md  .un\eited  in  t..c 
v^ai  71^0,  to  the  iile  ol  a  li  .,1:  ■  cua\  ^ r.i,  wheiethisa.- 
ii.y  iiovv  iland-.  It  einb, ami  ihe  retoiniatiun  aboiii 
two  ceiiliirie-  a;'u;  and  is,  poli.ip-,  the  unl\  one  ol 
Its  kind  in  l''.iiroi)i  ;  b-  aule  ilic  al>liels  and  .ill  the  luiiis 
are  (Jalviiiills.  On  alib  Is  w.is  the  leiiined  |irincJs 
l'Ji/,il;tlli,  ol  iht  I'.laii  e  hi, lib,  tiller  to  the  prliiicls 
bopliu   .j1    iJ.iiijver,    whole    hterarv    cornlpomlence 

u  illl 


KlRAniY. 

i(llvi"s  in  ;i  p.-iniiular 
['omm.iiulcrs  Id--  dll- 
.liicli  loniiiokil  tlnii 
III,    anil    thi-ir   rii;lu 
,  tlicy  iluui!ilit  oi  no- 
il nt   time  llic  pnncc 
lie,  who  ciim[ii;uKkil 
liuilcs  ot"  (.KiiiKin  i.i- 
s  utic  not  (iitlicn.nl K 
ilv  uiukilbuid  by  ilu- 
:;tlK-(lcl:iv  oci.Ui"ni.'il 
ritic'.il  nv.nutc  |i:ilivil 
uir  lliatc  in  the  gloiy 
as  kis  ilmlivc    iliaii 
■JK'  lofsot  llu'  Ircniii, 
ut  70C0  imn,  kilkii, 
11  were  leveial  ii|}in.r.s 
i  ilie  allies  dill  luit  cx- 
weic  Knglilh  ;  tor  as 
ill  the  action,  ibiluy 

l,Ii  17:;-,  uIk  11  ii  ob- 
1.  li  ha-  a  Lutheran 
■.ikI  ii  dJenJed    b\   :i 

Irict ;  has  a  brcwi-ry, 

lyal  f.am,  and   lalllc. 

iKinitliaev. 

la'. utcd  F^v  Lutherans; 

and  triminal  iiiriklic- 

L'  afihotil,  aliii^-li'iiirc. 

The  trade  (.unfillsol 
r,  and  Ipiiit-. 
Jlnalnirgand  Mindui, 
ih  Irom  Rheda,  is  ;S 
kIoiil's  to  the  king  if 
.iniaiiioiis,  and  has  its 
iialtd,  ti)<.',e!lKr  wuliits 
iiver  1  Iciiel,  iS  miles 
V  be  proper  to  oblerve, 
he  German  primes  and 
lU,  which  IS  the  realoii 
lipsiif  (iermany  tcrnii- 
ealon  why  I'o  many  of 

is,  becaule  both  tliele 
I'he  other  touii    m  ilm 

ly  a    Hans    Town,    10 
ai  the  I  ouomo:  a  p,reat 
gnable  loit   ol  Sparen- 
ue  ai'imll  the  I'Venili, 
nei;;l-.bouii'ij;  hill  with 
iiis:,li'jr-  eov  red  iliei' 
fir  I  li  et   manutacture) 
d  ti.cir  doiii;',  nuiihda- 
n  the  a''ia'  ..nl  hiils. 
Ill),  on  ih  ■  appMi.'.th  o' 
a  hideiiii-  Imm  I.    1  In' 
d  n  to  Monil   r. 
kalanth  linu'.ed  town, 
.  luiin.  11  imlis  luiilh- 
pritly  lar^e  pl.l'.e,  .'.i.d 
,1    the   Okl   Iw^wi,    tlu> 
ly  tie  livers    I'.lla,   Aa, 
m  inqxiud  city;  but  ic 
tui   a  taii.oiis  nunnery 
.1.1  h  t'luierly  liekitliis 
uiii.t-  lit'  Limlnirg,  and 
p  tl,,-  uty  lo  William, 
1;.    I'll.-  I  llale  bel  'iip- 
,  and  mnwried  m  i..e 
i.iis^iii,  uheic  this  ai  - 
,  iln'   reloiiiiaiiiin  aboni 
ili.ip  ,  the  mils    one  ol 
,.  aibeW  and  all  the  luins 
the   kraned    priiK\ls 
b, .  tiller  to  llie  priimis 
lin.:ar\    correlpundeiKe 
with 


EUROrE.J 


K  1  NT  f ;  0  Ci  M      OF      r  R  U  .S  S  I  A. 


^21 


with  M.  Def.  li-lcs  ihat  prcat  man  ha--  pubiillijil  ir 
his  uoik--,  whicli  thew  that  Ih.-  was  the  miiacL-  'ith-i 
K'X.     Cunl'd.i  lb'..' ellales,  in  th;' nei^hb.aiihi'i.d  ol  llii' 


Tl 


ure  IS  a:i.)  .inoiner  nninicii  on 


CUV,   inlon'^  i>  It. 

a  hill,  neir  th    town,  v.liiih  :s  i  Un\.   ol  nuiUry  to  i!ie 

alib  ■  ,  and  wh-u  tl-.  ■  \'iiiii  ■    1  iih^'^  aiv  t.ui 'lit  nci.'dl.- 


■k,  .Si 


was  loin  kd    in  1 


ar  I  101, 


.mil  1' 


i;i<'  iinmci 


lai. 


llllis 


on  u 


fa  d 


eaconels,  wiili  a 


li\  .iiLinl'~,  arid  all  th'j  oliic.-is  th.il  I  elm;,  lo  inllci>,iaie 
1 1  ■;  V  he  ;  but  oth  i.\iU-  liiliiect  t')tli.-  ;ibiK-!'s  o;  H  rvo- 
d,';;,  '.'.ho,  as  pim  efs  of  the  eni];iri',  has  all  the  licrcdi- 


liii  otiicts  I  aii.r.oa  lo  ele  lor 


.S'le  li.is  h.r  Lat  at  the 


I   K-t 


.iinon' 


IIK' 


prelaivS  ol    Iiie  Kiiiiie;  a 


Ilv 


lor  va( 


P' 


her  h 


ai  the  looti!  h'.rtnrone,  111  prel  ui.ng  lur 


and    lilver. 
Hit  ;,o?ol.  a  y< 


ibb. 


le   rcvcnii-  01  mis  ano.  v  is 


lere  aiv  no  vows,  01  un- 


Tl 


ible  ivll 


taints,  impo 


)fed 


roniv  are  laoies 


I  1,    .IS  jOUII 


on  tlic  nuns,  who  com- 


inir  o; 


of  the  lull  uuahi\-.     '1  he  k 


r.uii 


t  of  !■ 


i-v.ivenlbur 


pi 


otestor  ot   tl 


ibb.'i.      He  has  alfo  a  iiairiloa  111  tlu  ti/'.sn. 


ol 


I'-nav-rcii,  thought   to  h.iVi-  b.-.n  ilr  i.ipi! 
Angrivari,  was  th.' relidcm  e  ol   king  \\  iuikii:d,  uh.i 
loundcd  the  lolk'siatc  church  of  St.  Denv  ,  and   i\a- 


lursil  Ml  It. 


I'lot 


owe,  on  I 
whli , 


■B 


he  Wkt 


c.illk 


er,  is  the  cajiital  of  an  ani  ieni 
'  1.  li  wasloinierlv  count  Wal- 


dei  k' 


R. 


md  lies  conwPKiu  lortr.ide. 


IS  a  Ini.i 


iman 


Cai 


lolie 


I 


hamlet,  w 


iKIicran, 


111 


1  a  tounil.ition  for 


and  C, 


Ivm 


lit 


/eriinold  IS  a  Imall  inwn,  wluiva  coiilulei 


iilie- 
abk-  li 


Ir.-.dc  I.  can  ill!  1  in  ;  :;iid  Biinde  is  .inoiher  iinall  town, 
l.imed  hke^iiie  lor  us  Inicii  ina'uilactoiy,  and  alio  l^r  a 
inineial  fprinf!,. 

I^i.NOi.s  Is  litini.'d  b.'Uveen  the  i:illK>p:ii.-.  of  Mun- 
fler  and  Olnabupj,  has  a  kriile  liiil.  and  produces 
pkntv  of  pit-coal  and  ttoiie.  Caivminn  is  tiie  clki- 
I'liihed  iviij^ioii ;  but  there  arc  manv  L'.itluraiis  and 
Roman  Catholus.     On  the  deaih  '^  William  111.  king 


Engla 


I  lie  whole  countrv  was  U'l/.jil  by  the 


of  I'riillia,  and  incorpor.itcd  ivitli  Tecklenburt;. 


Till 


principal   ]ilaics   are   Langen,   the  ni-'tropolis, 


pn 


Hands 
ot  Ol  in 


5  on  the  river 


!■: 


hi 


■,   hy 
d,  a 


hi 


It 

lady  the  Ik 


to  W 


I  re  Is 


ure  IS  very  broad,  and   beats  l.irge    veil 


inio  the  tt.i  near  I'anbden.      It  o 


d 


The  l'-. 

that  i 
alile,  a 


I  her  t-Mtifu  aiions;  biu  ihe  lurmerMa-  blown  ii|M)iany 


vears  at;o   In  the  ma.',.i/.ine  s 


tak 


itiji  lire  ;  and   ot   the 


I, liter  liieiv  "nli  remain  its  ilit.  li,  .imI  a  in  iw 


-brid. 


,e  at 


•ach  t;:iie.     The  land    about  tins  jil 


mil   til  e    lioiii  U)  's. 


W 


aciu.  ii.v  r.cie;  belidci  i\hii  h  he  touiided  liv.  pl.ues  m 


iMi.'iin  ei 
1  li 


:t-d 


a  Latin  lih.oiil  U 


li 


po  >r  tl  liol.irs 


.nil 


Idi 


evciA  thinti. 


!.■  iCiild  to  iir.imoie  the   I'r.  te 


'.nt    ieli..i'oii    III   tills 


cmintry,  n 
the  pto  en 
and  biniil: 


at  that  time  eiii 
li 


ireiy 


I'oiMih: 


un 


il  u  \s.i\-  obiii  d  to  hav 


1.1   llie 


'rot. 


;ant 


and  a 


lage 


is  th  .ujTht,  by  Chivcnus,  and  otlievs,  to  have  Iieen  the 
aiiciem  Col  una  Ulpia  Tr..|aiia:  and  o'.er  ilie  foi:tii  eati; 
of  die  town  there  is  an  inlcrijjtion,  dtnotini'.,  tli.ii  )ii- 
hiis  Cafar  founded  .1  caille  here;  that  Aii'.'ulius  t;ai- 
rili)ned  it;  thai  Ulpiiis  Trajanus  made  it  a  i  njony  ;  and 
ty.  It  i-  now  tinall,  but  |>leilanl, 
havini;  I'everal  line  lioufcs 


.Elius  Adrianib  ai 


veil  built,  and  wi  II  pi  op 


b.  loii^inii  to  pell 


jt 


nai 


'Uiiiliers  are  niwin. 


lality : 
1 


It  tliofe  of  the 


le  cal 


oriii. 
delii-lit- 


hilly  le.iicd  on  the  top  o!  a  liiil.  but  irric,iilar,  and  not 


very 


I  roil'.' 


I- 


nil  an  ancient  (i'lti.u  Itructiiie,  called 


the  .Suaii  To'.ver,  iluie  is  a  nobk  p:  .Ip.cl  ot  the  n^ie 
.  iniin;?,   oainlry,  and,    in   p.iilii  ul.ir,  of  ilic   Rlui 


i\  hicli  li'js  tl'ree  III 


le-  fiom  It   to  the 
1 


n  Mtli 


1,  and  tiicij 


iiviiles  itl  It   :ntotwi)  br-uuhis,  both  ci'inm.in 

K 


.kd 


)V 


tlie  t'Tt  .Sclieiik.     '1  here  .ire  llaicly  apaitmeiits  in  the 
i.illie,  wi.ieli  w.is  the  jxilace  ol  tlieir  ancient  dukes,  and 


li'C  kiiiy;  of  I'ruiha  reticles  wiicn  becomes  to  tl 


iit\ , 


lublills 


by  the  relidence 


wli  I  I'l'vern  the  ducliv 


the  llaies,  who  allenible  in  the  cal! 


,d  bv  tl 
Tl 


me  ti'Uiitr 

.1    I'.ilU,  .nil 


:id  th' 


meeting  i.-t 
le  governor-; 


inai'jiiiaic.  ot   the  city, 


the 
and 


i-liapel  ot  the  c 
oil 


lave  a  large  handfomc  church,   betides 


illle 
jflhe 


but  the 


pu 


■li 


c  cluirclics  here. 


are  in  the 


poll'eiri. 


n  ol 


the  I'apiil",  oy  virtue  ot  .m  agreement  with  ihcilukcs 
ot  Newburganil  Jiiliers,  wiiu  w.is  theieupiin  obliged  to 
allow  ill.  Trotelbnt 
riicr  Idc 


sahi.eiiy  in  ilieir  dominions. 


\'.  hu 


li  runs  by  the  t.n;.t  ot  the  caille,  is  navi- 
ile,  by  fmall  vclfels,  to  the  Rhine.     On  the  welt  fide 


I  the  ciiy  are  thole  cillcd  nrinc 


i|  the  ciiy 

larks,  Willi   many   pKalani 


M 


.luricc  of  N.ilVau' 


anais,  fine  water 


works, 

gr..tto-,  J-.-i .  Abi'vcthem  lies  ilic  high  bill  uf  Stcrn- 
b, '■;,  from  wh.cnce  may  be  teen  Utrecht,  lhiii:.^li  ^o 
mile-  off,  with  near  40  other  cities  and  giv.ii  towns, 
1 1  of  whii  11  ai'  ■  teen  liirougli  lo  many  walks  cut  in  the 
wdiid":.  The  |)iince's  hou'e  ttands  in  a  wood  on  th'; 
e.ill  I'de  ;  and,  aii.ong  I'thcr  rariiics,  has  a  noble  cwl- 
ki't.oii  ol  old   Roman   urn.s,  and  divers  odiei   nioiiu- 


nieiils  ol  anti'.;uit\ . 
nali.  1'.  o:  C.i;u!ch,n- 


Belli 


the  ereat  cluri 


a  nio- 


.1111  ii  her 


ot  I- 


r.iiuilc.uis,  ai\ 


the  onU 


pui 


two  leagues  li'iin  this  city, 


buiki 
thi 


IllJS    111    llic    Clt\ 


On  tl 


le  roac 


ther 


e  is 


1, 

i\  Moi- 


l.iiid,  wiieie  the  late  king  of  I'ruHi.i  relided  in  17: 


le  iviiniud  liom  the  Imp.  rial  army  on  the  Rhin 


111 'in 


he 


nee  til  Saiitcn,  wliu  li   is  li 


nn.  coniiniKil  laiise  ot  w.'.lks 


leagi 


lies,   (here  is 


f: 

to..n,  p 


or  l''.mbiick,  1^  a  large,  rich,  beauiitiil 


ifantly  liiuated  on  the  ealt  tide  ot  ilic  Rh 


liHir  miles  vail  ot  Cleves;  it  1-.  very  ancient, 


■f  tl 


hi, 


t:;s 


Tl 


)wii-,  .mil  has  a  pietty  good  trade.     It  w.is  for- 
liell'cd  by  tlie  Diuch ;  nut,  on  the  em|)eror's 


rliiahon, 


y 

they  religiied  it    to  the  duke  ot  Ckves   in 


pe 

iCoo,  on  c  .'iidilion  that  the 


Sr 


ik 


h-iulel   rellofe 


Rl 


iiniterir  to  iiie  el 


•I"  oi 


CI 


ugne 


v'lhich  the 


rtormini:,  the  Diiicn  rcpotkli^d  it,  and  I'oridi  d  t! 


y  not 


ell 


ccjuld  not    he    li. re  one  iii'j,lit  without   ieiveliom   the'    Mg.i'iill    the  Spuiiaid    :    bin    ilicy   a:ieiu..rd;   relloreil 


llVvl 

Il    till 


,\    oil 


lis, 
1.  r  towns  i,t  t!ie  iIikIiv,  a    a  lioiuief 


in.igillratc'- 
llu\    e.Viit 


dil 


piinillim.nt  I'r  ili.-  reiolt   wiiTeto      iliem  to  the  eleel.  r  ol  Hraiiiknlnii;;.     It '.ea-  taken  by 

-J,  I  1  the  ek'C- 


ie  p.opie  .'.Hint  the  \c..r    io-'4. 


W.IS 


li'pprelled    bv    t'le   priiue   ol    Or.iiuj,.'   m  11  i  inn. 


1  heie  I   a  go  <1  1 
a  priiitina-liinile. 


lii.n' 


Rl 


leda  I-  a  '.111 


di  t: 


ai  llie  .iia  lem 


illli 


io'j;'tner  wiiii 


iwii,  Willi  a  caille,  near  t!ie 


Li 


llie  riencli  in 
lor,  w'lo  fui'l 


b. 
m  iiti '!!c.l  It  to  ihe 


1)  I. 


Ov 


cr  again 


II 


It,  :n  tlie  Ri.ii.e,  ii 

iilii,  li,  ne:.t  lo  the  l.  wii. 


1    .'l  1 11  ,e  ill. •Ill 


til.  corner  ot 


111  iiiilcil  tl  e  riva'. 


Ti 


h.  .e  wa-  a  I  ,ii 
'Veiiior  and  ni. 


and  Iblvnliukn 
It  are  iiuuii 


tJ'l 


anit 


in  iiirc.inderaiile  town  ;  but  neai'  j     nu. iiv  '  I  the  bu: ?ii  r  ,  .ir.  1.,'alvnidl .,  and  t  av.  a  i  hur..li 


Tl 


n 

t  lb  me,  and  lever. 


le  ihi,  In  ot  CiKv  t-.s  is,    in  gt'iie 
l.i  !t,   .ind  w.ll  w.iter.d  by  liie  Rhine 


us. 


il,  lenile 
Roer,   !• 


1  lit  tlie  I   u 
.ler.eiiii  ,a. 


re  poUelkd  ny  il.e  I'apills  accui'd- 


Dvki 


J^ipi  e,  liiJ,  {v, 
iiiiiihI.i 

lil'ek  I  'llie,  game,  ill!:,  and  hurfe 
riie  inliabiiaiiis  are  I   ml  of  tr 


iii|ilei. 


nine  111, les  lii':;li.'r,  on   the  laiiu  tide  of  tin 


cut  as  .1  le,  Ui'it\   av'..unl 


Inn  ,  y.  as  a  101  nil. . I  lu.v  11,  am 


Itak 


en  .iiKl  relUir.'i 


111. 


llie  eouniiv  abmi'iil-  in  corn,  biiiis. 


and  1  ikes  aiford  i! 
Tiic  moll  rem.irk;! 


n  many  c  nunuii  i.il   ipp  itunuie 


thie  111  ace 


Clevi 


flUl  it 


iiin. 


III    ineirop. 
d 


has  It',  name  'roiii  its 


lie;n!> 


li 


le  niiill  p.iit,  aiiii'iig  clil 


on  llie  ik'i  li\  ii\  I'l  .1  liii 


Made, 


iiween  the   Khine  and  ihe 


in  < 


'lie  ot  the  lincU  couiiliies  of  (Jenn. 


till , 


tl  by 
tie  fiencliiii  the  l.uue  manner  as  Kmmerick,  but  lately 


iliur.ani 
u  lieie  1 1 


The   I'rotcllanis  liaxi 


.1   eluiiiii   liei 


ey  have  prelerv 


d  an 


excellent  b  uliuiiie  in  iiill: 


ood,  coniiiuiing  the  liill.iry  ot  the  :ile  oi  C'liiill. 
.S.inteii,  1)  miles  Well  ot' W'etel,  and  1;  Irom  C. eves, 
a  viilk"'  between  hills,  h.ilfa  league  l.oni  tlie  Rhine, 

o  eruis  liippoled   it 


large  t.).\ II,  hi  ancient,  thai  Lh 
e  the  \  eteraCallra  ol  T.u  iu 


.Iml 


1  W.IS  ;or  lome 


time 


Nu.  Co. 


e  the  relidence  ol  luluis  Ciei.u.     'i  he  place  is  niucli 
b   V  decayed; 


:wm 


i4i|i 


li 


,1  % 


;-;i 


m 


m\ 


I  : 


I 


A  Ni;\\,  llOYM..  AND  Ar'rill.NTIC  ^YSIiM  ..I   I  MVl  i;<AI.  cr.OCRAIMfY 


_-o  (iiv.  .ill 
m  limiuT 
tlK- 


kI;  hut  li.is  a  I'ltat  ilnircli,  like  a  latluiira!,  with       w 


I'mm 


1.1  il 
:llt;i 


.Ip.l  hi!i 
ihiinil  nice 


orv  la'.V'.il  eM|iiilii 


1   li.l-    .1    r,  .1!    :liul  \.-if  ill  ll.v'  n'.lli  j;c   ol'  iho 


ot'  rclii 


iiricils  i.iv 


M- 


m 


Si.  WmWo 
IV)  tortitii  atioii^ 


/n  h.iiu 


I.    r 


If 


town  1-^  w  ILi!,  i '.It  hi-  IV)  toriitiiatioii^.     '^lli^wasthc 
i)l,K\'  ulirn-  tin-  pri'Vili'i'.vl  tr.aiv  wa-  mule  in  1(114, 


ot  ihc    lin\cllK)n   (it    IiiJM- 


i-.',  I'.vKii  ,lic  t.ilni^u■^  el    iii.iiivKiibur'.;  aiiil 


lor  the   |),i;i'.iioii 
,iiul  C'k\x 
Ni-wbuip, 
CaK.ii, 
Clt\  I- 
(or:!  Jitiiicc  aiMinll  .iiiv  lirlmn  1 


Be 


■g. 


.-.n  th.    rivi'r 
>\,is  in. lit  .uui  t'  It 


lict'.vceii 


>.uiten    aiH 


or 


(lekkrland.     li  I 


(Ink. A  of  Cl>.-Ve-, 

iivaliun  tioiii  ColoLMie 

1  litli,   l)\  a 


0011  i;iiw  populous  aiK 
IiWik- ill  liiieii  :  l"it  line, me  i)t  its  dukes  liuik  a  vail 
onui  i:\  here,  tor  tlie  i  o.ts  10  lirui;;  tlii-ir  corn  to,  it 
has  be.  n  tiiort  c^nilii-iciable  ior  nukiivj;  malt  ami  b.rr. 


Its  moll    llaieK    buiKlunis  .ire  the  to\Mi  hou 


Ic,  St.  N 


't  il 


lever.ue   '.' 
le.ill  note 


R-  I  iiipiie,  .liiil  the  111 
onliJer.ible;  .ukl   tl 


-t.  i.t  the 


Th, 


y  jilai.es  ot  the 


M 


tur- 


or 


M. 


riMii;'a;i,  liiLiH.  well   tortifiecl 


town,   w  lie  re    tl 


IH;] 


IK 


le  11  a  ca. 


.1  i-'h-n-s  hi.|ii  il 
'a\inht  iliunh,  ai 


tVliool. 


leir  iiuet- 


Itiil 


I. 


Crelcl.l  IS  a  Im.i 


lit 


it..in' 


^I'lnlactur 


<v.v;i,   il.t.'; 
t  lii; 


Iv.    a  t  III;  I, 


'III  II,  e  Ivet, 


I        iMauk  i-  i.ik'  :h\1  llie  1  :.  -c  t  voiintv  ::i  W  elljilKili-i, 
,)eing43  miles  b"ih  «,n-.     it  1-  iini,;t,i.l   I  eiwun  t!.c 


Lii 


ippi  air!  i^e  Roer,   tlivuleii  iiiio  1  ; 


d 


tubiect  lo  ih.  kiiH',  ot  I'lulVia.     It  i    ilv.uj;!.!   to  have 
it-  iiaiiu-    Il  1:11   I 


lem^   til.'  aneient   lU'iirul.M v  hawcen 


( 


eiiii.inv   a: 


<  Tailu  t5e'.:;i 


It 


mi  till 


1-    I  cUieliy 


'1    Wcff.h'.l 


11,  li  all  tiuiii  tiiat  ot  li:i 


chi 
latt 


cl 


clniren,  a;nl  a  1110:1.1 


ib-rv  ol' D'Miiinieaiis;    tlie  'i  K'tnh-iail  t'loin  L 


ealtle 


er  ot  whiili  h:is   .1    i;o 'd   library,     it  In.   a  ihonii 
a   hnc    iii.irkei-plaee;   but    llic   ll reels  ire 


inJ  it  i^  liirrounvkil  u 


ith  water  ami  morallei 


Till 


,a  ft 


le  road  from  licnie  to  C 
country,  in  wl.u  h  .ire  l"ni. 


i'.  ves   is  tiifiiui'ii  a    larren 


.illle 


Hen 


this  tov.-:i  a:' 


111 


.M 


iiitui  llukls  .Marienliooi-i,  a 
tieh  mo-iaiKrv,  with  a  Latin  iiiU  riptioii  on  the  will 
neM  the  road,  expreffing  th.ir  !;r.uiiui.le  to  Fredeiiik 
Wrliam,  elvftjrot  Br.indenburg,  t'r  a^  eepting  tlieir 
>:rea;  eolled;'.i;i  of  M.'sS.  in  i''iO,  inllead  ot  turning 
tht:ii  I'v.',  a:'.d  reculan/in.i  their  revenues. 

Wilel,  (.alied  NeihcrWefel,  to  ditlinguiili  it  troiii 
Upr*^""  ^^'^'•''1  in  t!;e  tleci orate  of  Treves,  llands  on 
the  eall  l:de  <,■  tlu  R';inc,  near  the  iiioutli  of  tlu-  river 
Lipp.',  ir  iiiile- ea;l  of  Sant. '1,  :uid  iS  l'oui!i-ea!l  ot 
CL\e  .      It  W..S  t  «r:iK;iv  a  1  bins  Town,   :r'.d   alio  i:n- 


pen.il,   I'lii  e\i.n''|  'ed,  I'V   the  du 


k....tc: 


I 

ir;iin. 


il-'    ti'UI.tV 


1   Vi  ■. 

;  itkh    IS  !er;ile  an 


nil.,  tru 


I  riel 
li'.Mr.  I  I 


n  nip,  uoo. 


ipi  I 


lb 


1,  .UHl  VI  ills 
I',  ■.line,  ll.i\, 
tiih.^c. 


l'( 


he    1  rineip.d    m.mi.i'.ictiiiis  are  m  if'ii  and  fleel. 


ot  .1: 


p'.  rluai    ns  arc  tole:M;ed 


loveriinunt  is  invelled  in  tl 


le  iaine  uilleue 


tl 


le  coiitn'.nit:,  :i-  |ia;il 
It  1-1  the  eni'i  ire,  ae 


V   thole  t'.'.Mis 


to  tl 


evc'-',   !iom 

ic  niilit:irv 


;  and  ilie 
ris  that  of 
Cleve^-.      1  ill.  pi.iKipal  pl.ieis  a.e  :v  Io'Ioa  : 

Haiiiin  w.b,  .iiu:e:iiiy  oiv.-  if  the  !  I  in-  '1  i.uii'^  :  bin 
thLiiii^ii  the  adiiieiit  cou:iliV  .-louiid-  Ui.ii  e^rn, 
hemp,  and.  tl.v,  ,[  j.  .1  po,,|-  pl.i,  c,  th.ii  fui  liii>  eliirilv 
by  lo'/jiig  tl.lsl|ler^  b.ef.'cii  H.ind>  r.biirg,  &:i .  :inil 
llu-  Net'uiland-.  Itw.i  Cikin'iv  ihe  b'leiK  h  ;:i  I'l- ;, 
but  relior.d  Ui  \t  veai  to  the  eleetrr  of  Hniiidi  nlv.irg. 

S  'e;i,  or  Soiill,  1  ;i  p.  pui.iii  ^  i;y.  t.-.ited  111  ihe  neck 
ot  tins  i.Mintv,  whieh  (luMt^  ii.t'i)  \\\  llphali.i ;  .-f 
v\hieh  iinle  l.nv  r..,kfi;ii  tl;-.  1  ipfcll  eiiv.  e.\',.  pt 
Mi.nl'c:.      It 


Ip.llv.U' 


I 

a:'.d  M 


cord 


ins;  to  the 


M. 


.■11  leated  tor  tr.uf 


ti.t  loni'iiirle  i-t   mei chant-  who 


ll( 


itiieui.i.      It  I'- 
ll ^'le.v  rich  bv 
d   lutlr.  r  triiiii  the 


\lii.  1 


■       It     r.  t.  llltl-d    U    ll 

•  tea  tower- ,  and  .1  l.i: 
,   ..nd  iii;i!-.y   c! 


le  11  ad, 
diti 


t  l,:i-  14 


1  is  .  o.k-iii.itf,  ;iiuliir.d,r  the  jurildioiioa   cf  il 


e-.  utio:i  in  I'l. 


perl 

tiloned  h.y  the 


Dote 


S|)ar.ill 


1  . « 


thei.aiuls,  am 


was  14a  r- 


1,  toMliiim  It    uas  morti'.auei 


1  b 


(lie  e  eif 


by  il.L  !• 


■r  ot  Biandenl 

i\  mil  in  I  C'- 


luri 


rake 


MKl 


Wh. 


11   th.  \ 


o  ex.;i.'te 


■hindered 
ted  I 


leavi 


'tiliiict^on-  ti.-m  the  iiilribn.int-,  uhi 


Il  fciaeil  111:1  nv 


ct  tl 


le-.i  tl 


r. :  I  -e ; 


)iit  it  uas  rello.e 


in 


■6- 


aichbilliop  ot  C 


■  H-ne. 


It 


li.i    m.iiiv   tirivil 


tkularb  the  lib  rtv  .^t  hunti 


kill 


.my 
ot   lud 


4  tl 


neit;hboiMi:'.K  ior:,t, 


|)ar- 
iiiL,   leinlon   in 
lo  a  court 


h 


K.iture   uitlnn   it;el:. 
-ipi"-'-'',   <  xu  pt  t.)  tile  ell  .111' 


'I  '111  u  inch   t!.ere 


)t  \V, 


It 


to  the 


iiianv  mtea    |vv  :lli 


but  1?  in  (o  niiiioii-  :i  Ibit',  ll 


las  a'* 


I  at 


very  t 


:;i  <\ .  .itlei  1!  ■■■  IVeneli  Ii.kI  diliiiantkd  it.     Thougii  b  I'luiidcred  in  |(. 


'.lei  lu' ir.,t    to  tile  king  ol  I'lulbia  a- its  lovereig 


V 


It  IS  !ioverni\l  b\  it-,  own 


n, 


I? 


I  he  to.Mi,  ail 


H 


la-  full 


ere  are  leveral 


It-  two   U,b.!i;rs, 


.ri 


•iiil  o:  loldKrs, 


:.d  M- 


11 


irlitled, 


:>ti 


lUe  Ml    1  rn  V.  a'. 


;\^  the  idai  e  li:i-  been  taitifi  i 


ll  a-. e   rt   time,  it  ma>  w 


tita.. 


ot  the  til.  ll 
toAaid-- 


r- 


Rh 


IS  in  Kill  op 


I; 


rei  koiifcl 
la^  a  uciod 


paitieii  ai-,  1 . 
oi    the 


d  I' 

■ll   ihu 


d.      il    \-. :i-  t.ikiii  ami 

bv  C   liliin,  iluke  ol    liuiiilwie; 

i\  uar.iiul  lire. 

and  a  timoii-  niiiinerv,   in 

T'le  I  aiii.er.in   lioile!-'  V\o 


ei'ed  much,  at  luiidi  v  mu'. 


.radik 
I  lies. 


ami   a  luinnen  , 


itli.r  l'iii:i  i!a:u  nuivuiie-  ii 


(, 


lill.ill  liuboiir  io:-  Velieb 


tliU  trad.e  on  tb.ii  1  !■.  er :  an  aileii  .1,  \ull  itorv  d  aiiIi  :d 


bo.ildil:'.',  kill 

ni.n!-.   wi.er. 


milu-.  :irc  cdue  '.i. 


I.  liU'e.i  i-!i  the  .111  lent 


l.i 


nei.ibv   o 


','. Inch,  like 

a  Ion  .  (free 

•  Ilii  ui:ibhlli- 

t    ill.   btii    la- 


iKie 


!i.. 


fe 


,\: 


.  r.  e    or  m  Mu'i' 


lever.il 


1)U 


I   take  n. 


r  th<-  Mj.v  01 


:oit  : 


d  th.  11  ll.  e    in  ilk  ni, 
nor  are   llitv  Ik 


.1 


and  nioniderie  .     The  piiulifjt    ihc   great  1    down  to  m.mv  1  iil 


(^:d:erv, 
do'.^.  I  :■■ 


I'lk.iMe  fir  the  tirlh  ot  l',regiii!e  B.  rtie 
:lof  l.i:idfe\  )  ishole  moilkr,  tiie -iuelkls 


II 

ilUe 


.1  plei ,   1'.    lit 
Lulher.ui   a: 


•■."'.-'ed    bv    :in 
d  C'iilvinili  lb 


.-.fSiitlb.k, 


d  .Mr.  Butie,  her  hiifi 


:e  i:i!.;ll)it.i:i; 


111  111  ikmii  ; 


ig  tore.  -1  ro  ib.  biioiul  le.i,  tro'u  i]i!een 


Mill 


[i.rle- 


I    an- i  n-^:ir  tin;  town  the-..    1    .1  f.ee  le  11!  u  r  ".iiid.u  n  mi  !■  ir 


:i,  '.vt..'  r.dueed  to  liH  li  dillkullies  here,    h.taule 


an  aiiikl 


d 


1,1 


p:iMlv  I'l.'Mi.Ulf,   aik 


Ihey 
;iot 


clMiiee. 


;t 


.ot  maixc  ilii'iiilelves 
lai 


kn.) 


Ml,  thatihe.  cuuUl    ;  j/aitb   Ron.  in  C'lili'i'k. 


.■Iter  ai  c  Mnnio'iaiioii 


il 


Ml 


a  bn 


dl  t 


iw!i.  c-i:it.iiiiN  a 


i.\n,  loiri'led,  and  rielilv  endorsed.  In  .1       Liiihei  in.  Cib.  kini.  .iiid  Ri.>iii  in  Cuiioli.  li.ur  h,  and 


.f  this  d'lih'.  anil  Ins  Ion,  lor  the  .k.'.d  .im 


.1  ir..mut.iotuie  o:  1  ii.tli.     I  i 


T! 


niiniii  from  hence  to  Duilbuii 


jI.i 


a   ;::ivenv  I'lil 


■.V.li'd.l.l.ldi 

;i  ilii    d.l'n  1 


r 


r,   ki.ii. 


ii.i!'ii,'.n:s  like",  lie  111 , ki- 
ll..niniei  .  I  'i.i.i    al,  \e. 
t'.v  I  ioii-   111  a!:iii  ilii.r,  M/. 


Duilbar 


i'  ■.■..IS  kjiiii  riy  an  imji-  ri.il  i  i:y,  :iii'.  one  ol 
T'l'.n-;  ha.  :i  I'roti  ll  int  unr,  t 'lit' ,  ;i  c  oil;- 


the  I  litis 

tnan'li"    of  iiie    \'> 

nunneiv,  and  :-\  j  pariih  eliiirelie 


iT  -.v  nil  le.;  vein-:.  .111  1  I  I 
1)  II  Ini'iiul  'A-  I'  on.'  I'l    li 


uili  '.\  :i;t''  vein- 


II. 


or.ler,  t.'.o   in  jiia 


lien 


.1 


iil.d   ,1  .Le 


M  u  k,  a   It    i\.i.-  ol 


Old  i-  wv-!l  toriilied.       rs  b.iliwiek. 


n 


le  otii  -1  towns  III  till,  iluchy  aie  iii'  o. 


dciabk 


wh 


111    1^ 


\    111  11   h  Id  1-1  ti  e  uiliabi- 
1 111,11 101  '^  loab  nt,   th  v 


M 


I.  i.'Rs  l\  .1  lit  lie  piiiici 


ip.ality. 


water 


•d  b.y  t 


the  Rl 


|)lenl\  ot  eoiii,  cattle-,  and  veiiilo:' 


On  ll 


lord,  the  mil'  ot  .1:1  iii.|.i  li  .1    ;i\'.  u  liieh  liic  1  leelor  ol 


il  inileabuu'  l'>il.  .tW.i 


The  I   li'.MDii'  ellalihlhiii. 


d;ath  ot  the  lall 


count,  and  his  d.iu-.iliier 


11  I  :iii 
\Vi 


•le  to  the  lv)iile  ot  Natliiii 


III.  ki 


)t   f 


W.ilpui.'i  -, 
the  death  of 
inai    Briciiii,  !■)  tie.  I'leetor.il 


lieie   n 


Lull.' 


I  :in. 


pJl'Mll-     'I 


I 


liilk'll     It    u 


lm:ill  p 


It  I- 


■■■.'■lie   Ali' 


I  o.'iiiiuir.ie.iui/n    uitii   t!i'-  K.iiu 


til   til 


pi  el  I V  g 


ood    ti.iue, 


d 


Us    IIV. 


i: 


an  .I'.'UiJiil'} 


.1-,  tl, 


e  t.in^!.  ■     il, lull.  Ill  the  luld  lie,   bet* 


np 


e.n  th. 


ri\ei>  l-ipjic  ami 


EITROP 

Rou,  lea 
winch  w:i 
Of  the 
lliliice  lo 
rip.ll  tl:!d 

ll-U)'. 

Kast 

r'',Ml;t>EN, 

raited    I 

til  ir  ri|:,lii 

Inc.  itior, 

TIk-  ail 

(ouiiliv  le 

niul  dailiii 

Here  are  a 

TiiC  great 

thecounir 

bur,   belid 

plenty  of  v 

and  tiie  inl 

'Iliei  h'ef 

th.-  ]ieople 

i  Ik'  prev.i 

v-iy    eoni 

I  he  fe,   lin 

Ihe  jirii 

l')u  in  1  : 

l.iii'  di: 
on  the  ba\ 
I    1    e;t\,  fi 
regul.n  Inil 
llroiig  wall 
Jies  in  the  I 
tlie  h.-irboiii 
man  coall. 
ihiv  i:in  b) 
nn'l,  bv    o| 
coiintrv  iim 
Then    hoiil 
toivr.diall  is 
duibion  ,   I 
'll.  ii-  hb,  nil 
provili-  n  I- 
to  all  bill 
Clbl    billed 
divided  ritJ 
and  the  .S;.|| 
the  to^.\  11-1,, 
Noiden, 
<ii  n,   IS   I  I 
Jii't  ualkd 

H  I'C  llllp 

.\;ii:Ji, 
|iv  a  Iboii-; 
fit  I'.aii  I  !. 
court  1  I 
capital  o:  . 
niailb.v  :in;| 

jem.  nil 
the  I'lm   ; 
Lcila,   will 
firitlVhl  I 
Oeean,   w; 

VViimui 
IS  no.i  m  , 

i  .ii'i'i- 
healtiiv,  111 
C'abinillv, 
w  hi-  h  wa- 
lub'ect  1 1 
Biiiiideiib, 

I  .eill;  ,ll| 

tier. Ill    ae 
cluitehes, 
for  ladies  I 
the  honk 

Detmoll 
coniaiijs  ,J 


R  \rnY. 

i!a'  I  c\k\iy  ii\  the 
1  I  iIk  ci:\1c.  Tlio 
(111!)'    jihucs  ot'  the 

m.ili.  Well  tcitifud 
ts  ill  Ui  iliiir  iiint- 
i  liun  li,  aiiil  :\  I  -iitin 

i.\  \v.   A  I  il.;;l.l,   .'.lul 

.  V  Ivcl,  \c. 

.tv  i:i  Wcllplialil, 

ui.ii.ii   1  fiwun  t!  I- 

I  ;  i  ,:iii  '.  I  k^,   ami 

i-  ili.'iu„l.t   lo  have 

'iH'iiiul.'iv  ha\\ci.'n 

ht     \'.  1.1'  ironi  till- 

;  t'liut  vl   Hci',;,  and 

rul  r'nh,  and  yi  UU 
ir.  I  '.I',  ■  line,  ll.ix, 
\;tk-,  tiih.fvi-. 
•c  III  ii  'II  ami  lUi !. 
lUil  lui!  ;  aiul  ihc 
■  u>l;i<_n'-  as  that  of 

H-  !  I  ill-  1  i.uii  :  hut 
.il.ini!\i.'i-  \i.-i  cm, 
,  thai  luMhU  liui  llv 
i:uli  nliurg,  &;i .  ami 
,  llic  i-'rc:uh  la  i"",?. 
1,  r  dl'  Biap.dnilvar<i. 
irv.  li-aicci  111  ihi'  mck 
i.t'o  \\\lt|.h:iha;  <l 
'J  liri^tll  city.  tX'-^pt 
iluvi'  Ic  '.vail,  whciV'.ii 
K'.p  ilitJi.  It  has  14 
iliihs  lii.ipj.;  uiK  >'t 
le  jiiriliiiciioii  lit  ilic 
iianv  piivil  ;'cs  |iar- 
ir1  killinu  viiiilon  m 
;.  it  ha  .  Ilii  a  court 
i\  wliiili  ti.tic  he .  110 
it  \V\.i/.!ar.  Ii  has  as 
(ii  nuiKUi-  a  fhit'-,  that 
ih  h  \.a'  laUn  ami 
'\,    lUlkf    111    liiuMwii  ; 

iliii.  -,  \'\  v\ar.iail  inc. 

a  tinujii-  !!\iiiiii.-!v.  111 
_■  Llilhciaa   ].<);i!.'.^  l\o 

liiuiiKTv,  '.'imh,   like 

ii'i',  i;i' ,  .  a  ''111  I  t  tii'i.' 
1  Rill  I'  'I'lih  .ihilililh- 
.L-ialA    lit    ih.   lii-li    la- 

•  ,1  th.ii  he  111  th'.-'ii. 
hit  ;    no.  aiV  llicv  1h»1 

(!t '■.■■v'.cd  I'V  an  "Kl 
aid  Calviiull  >!;MriIi. 
)'o,i.l  111  I  ail  iiiikini;: 
tf  11!  '.r  I'liiulaiH'ii  t'T 
paiilv  Ih.iUK.uit,  aiul 

Ip.i'.ll  iiuvii.  caiaiiis  a 
1  C  iihoh.  .  hiir  h,  ami 
lai'ii  ,'.ii:s  hk'.' '.  ik-  111  ik'- 
..iiii'.it.i  .  t'M.i   ah  Kf. 

(i)ii-    111  alaiiillu',   \i/.. 

■alii;  'a!,;!"  veil','  . 

I  IP.    'I'll.,  a  .   and  ivi  k- 

,,    M  Ilk,  a    It    wa.-  oi 

,i  11  |,,|i|  {■,  t'lA'  lahalii- 
111, ■irm'^  KiuUat,  ih  v 
V.   uhnJi   tiic  '  iecloi  oi 

1  h./,..a'  illalihlluiKiU 
I  1,  ,1  liiiali  phu.-,  il  1^ 
iKttv  jiuoil  liadc,  ami 
r,   h\   lis  liv-i-  iMllpl'.r, 

tlu-    rivtii  Lipjie  ami 


EUROPE.] 


K   1  N  (I  I)  O  M 


RiKi',  Icaici-  fix  iiiihs  fioni  lioth.  It  lias  .111  tiniwrliiy, 
vvhitli  vviis  cr.'i.'ti.il  ill  154;. 

01  till'  ii'lu'i'  iiiwns  ill  tlio  cciuiitv  ol  Maik,  it  mav 
I'litiiei.  tuiiMriM.-,  iIiuiIkv  aii-  1,1!  lil;  ami  tiicir  prin- 
cip.il  trade  aiul  iii,'.i;u;a.:hire  toiihils  ai  hraN,  ii'on,and 
\\ii()!. 

I'".AST  I'iui-.si.  ANP,  1  It iicTwile  called  liie  earldnni  ol 
F.Mi;|iEv,  u.l-- rciiiifilv  iihd.  r  the  prolee-'ti.'n  ut'  the 
I ''lied  I'loviiiics  lit  ll.illaiid;  Init  they  chrpulcil  ol 
I  a  ir  ri;;ht  to  the  larc  kia.^  ol  I'luffia,  to  v.  iiom,  and  lii- 
liiCieli'or,   it  Insliiiic  lli.il  time  I'eeii  UilneL-r. 

Th_-  .lir  '>1  till,  pioviace  i-  tliiek  and  m  lill,  the 
louiiii',  jo'.v  in  I  iii.ailliy,  ami  i lie  inund.ai ions  i,  'liueat 
and  daiiii  loll^;  hut  tile  palUires  ai'e  rii  li  and  fertile. 
Here  are  alnindaiiee  ot  linrle  ,  iheep,  luiriied  i  allle,fs.c. 
Tiic  gieat  niiiuhcr  ut  dykes  ,ire  hii'Jilv  li  r\iieable  to 
tlietouatry,  whieh.  however,  iMoihices  hut  little  e'ira  : 
Inir,  iieiitles  the  artieles  alreaily  lueiuioned,  here  is 
pleinvoi  venilnii,  lilli,  wild  and  latiie  IoaI,  herbs,  Js;^. 
and  the  iiiliaiiitaats  arc  well  (irovided  with  turl  tor  fuel. 
Tlie  I  hief  river  is  the  l"'.otis.  The  liiigii.'sie^  Ipoken  h\ 
tile  |K-ople  of  I'lill  I'liellaiid,  arc  1  Ii^ii  and  Low  Dutch. 
'I'lie  prev.lilinj'  reli:'iiin  is  the  Lutheran.  Tlu'  trade  is 
v.ry  coalideiaMe  in  liorles,  homed  cuile,  butter, 
ihe  Ic,  liaen,   rape-lecd,  barley,  and  wool. 

'Ihc  priiuipal  [)l. ices  ol  till--  pro\inee  arc  the  i'ol- 
io«  in  J : 

l-!ii'  (ha,  litiiau-d  on  li.c  1101  ih  lid.  ol  tl'.e  h'.ms,  aad 
onlheba\  e  ilh;d  Dllart,  is  a  rich,  !arL',e,  ami  jiopii- 
1  1  e!t\,  tnriiii  d  towiads  the  land  by  a  double  ditch, 
iei;iil.a- bulwarks,  and  b:iliu'is;  anil  on  the  louili  by  a 
llroiii!;  wall,  aad  the  river.  The  itlaml  Neflii,  which 
lies  in  the  Dollart  bay,  over  a^ainll  this  eity,  makes 
the  harbour  as  laipc  and  coiueai ent  as  aay  on  the  (ler- 
iiiaii  coall.  They  h.ive  alio  artificial  canals,  by  whiTi 
tliev  can  brill.;  lu|;e  vcfli  Is  into  the  hearl  of  theiO'.\a; 
nni\,  I'V  opeaiiv;',  their  fluiccs,  lay  the  nciglibouiing 
country  umler  water,  and  render  the  town  inaccellible. 
I'heii  houles  are,  in  general,  neat  and  high.  The 
towr.diall  is  niatinilii  ent.  The  inhabitants  arc  very  in- 
ihiitriou-,  iiiueli  (lilpoleil  to  trade,  zealous  atllrter-  of 
till  ir  lib,  rtics,  and  excellent  fddiers.  The\  make  good 
(irovilii'n  lortluir  poor, and  allow  Ircidoin  ot  worlliij') 
to  all  bur  I'aiiili-.     In  >~;o  the   l.ate  kinsi  of  I'luihi 


I'll! 


h\-  a  llronii;  oil 
of  Kali  I'i'ielli 
court  I  1  aidi  . 
capiial  ol   a  h 

niailh.v  and  !i. 


fill  hilled  an  Liil- Indi.i  innip:;nv  here, 
ihvided  into  tirie  pan  ,  the  did  I'mvii,  the  l-'.ildern, 
uad  the  .Suburb-.  I  lie  iiioli  1  eiiiai  !-..ible  buildiaj;s  are 
the  tow  iidioule,   librar\ ,  and -.aii;cdi  d. 

Nord.ea,  litiiativl  about  1  --  miles  diihiat  1im  n  I'.aih- 
iltii,  IS  :i  |1  alant,  well  buili,  and.  pnpulou-  town,  but 
not  walled  111;  aor  is  die  haiboiirdeep  enougli  to  re- 
cu'vC  thip- nl   anv  great  I  uitlua. 

Awneli,  ab  ui  ten  mile-  Imiii  I'.mi'ihii,  i-  delcaded 


■,  thcie-'i!  lice  ot  th'  i  ouat  or  prMiee 
.  This  i  I'.ie  place  wf.ei.-  t!-.e  liiinemc 
111'  tor  ills  louiitv  ^  Ik  1.1.  It  is  the 
dilhiol  called  Au;iiherl:iai.l,  ulueiii- 
it    w,     d-. 

Jem.  u!ii  i  .la  'puleai  i  urough,  u  i.h  an  h.arb  nir  ■ 'ii 
the  Km-;  Le  r,  1  luie,  will  inh.ibited  town,  on  tin 
Leda,  Willi  a  lonlidcrable  linen  maiiuf  i'. t'liv ;  and 
firttlVhl  i'  .1  b  iiiiuah  town,  lituatcd  oa  the  Ciciiiiaii 
O.ean,   with  a  Ibnng  lal'le  to  de'ead  ir. 

W'liiiiui;  i  w.i-  I'laieih  a  place  ol  go'jd  trade,  but 
is  iio.v  ma.  h  d  c  I'.td. 

Lii'i'K  1-  .1  1  o  titv,  in  ;.\cniral,  mount. unniis  and 
liealiiiy,  bin  ha  I  me  aia'  le  l.iad.  The  inh.ibiiant-  aie 
Cab  inil!--.  l.ipll.iih  ,  die  capital,  is  a  cnniiileraiilc  to'\  11, 
Avlii' h  was  loinietlv  tree  iml  iinpcrial,  bui  now  partly 
lul  'eel  t  1  i'-  own  luuni',  and  paitly  to  the  elceior  ol 
IJiaiulenbuip.      I  he  piia.  ipal  pi  lies  are  as  to!!ow  : 

LeiiiL.iii,  liTiiiciU'  a  1  laiis 'I'owii,  contains  a  Lu- 
ll.er.iii  ac.idemv,  onu  Calvinill  and  two  l,,iitlieian 
churches,  a  pal  ice  called  Lip|iehoir,  ami  .1  found  itioii 
forladic-,  the  abbels  111  win.  h  is  alw.iys  a  (.ouatels  ol 
the  hoiile  of  I  .ijipe. 

Detiiiokl,  on  the  W'aira,  ha;  a  Ibong  i  allle  ;  Hoin 
contains  a  jiahice  ;  Sabx.-L.'lUeu  is  telcbiaitd  lor  a  tali- 


prc- 


r  R  U  S  S  i  A.  ,,* 

Ipriiig ',  H.irndort  is  a  b.oi'ough,  am)  iia";  a  pala  ■;■  ; 
.Swalenherg  hi  awillh;  and  Liiipuod  give .  name  to 
a  tlillrirt. 

(ii'LicK  lies  between  the   Ma'le   aad  tin    Rhine 
abouiuh  with   corn,   pallure   ground,  and  cattle,  ami 
ha.  an  excellent  breed  ol  hoiies.     The   foil  alio 
diiieswoail,  or  wad,  lor  dying. 

juhers,  or  Giilick,  the  capual,  is  a  fortified  ur\n, 
dciemled  by  a  calile,  in  which  w.is  the  p  il.ice  of  the 
am  lent  duke  . 

The  (ithei  towns,  or  iMther  vil'ages,  are  not  worthy 
ut  meiitiijii. 

'1  ACKM-.MifRn,  in  I  ;^io,  fell  to  the  counts  of  Ben- 
ilieim,  and  lince  to  the  king  ol  I'rulli.i.  Its  c.ipital  ot 
the  lame  name,  has  a  llrong  cail'e  ami  a  fort. 

Iklore  we  pioceed  todefiiilietli.it  part  ot  r;cl(|cr- 
laml  in  th.  Nciherlands,  (which  is  called  L'p[)ei(iel- 
ilerland,  and  iiurodined  here  as  belonging  to  the  king 
oi  I'mlli,!,)  it  is  neeedary  to  obl'crvc.tliat  it  is  entirely 
diviiled  from  that  part  which  is  called  Dutch  Gclder- 
l.md  ;  and  alio  conlidered  as  a  diilincf  territory. 

Upper  (ieldeiland  continiieel  in  the  poiicliion  ot  the 
Spaniards  atier  tiic  commcn-wealthot  the  Uniied  I'ro- 
vince-  wasktiled;  but  wis  conquered  by  the  allies, 
diiiiii^  the  w.irocealioned  bv  the  death  of  kin:  Charles 
II.  ot  Spain,  about  Ins  luceeHion.  The  king  ol  I'nil- 
lia  laid  claim  to  it  :  and,  by  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  if 
was  aj,i\etl,  that  he  lliould  keeji  the  city  of  Gelder, 
the  preleeiorlhips,  towns,  boroughs,  lief,  lands,  ouic 
and  other  rent--,  in  that  part  of  the  hisih  quarter  of 
(iLldeiiand,  which  he  wa^  actuallv  m  poliefiim  of, 
which  was  yielded  to  him,  his  heirs,  ami  lui  cellors, 
tor  ever;  together  with  thecouiuv  i.'f  KellLI,  and  the 
bailiwick  ot  Kiickinbtck.  By  the  barrf.r  treaty,  con- 
t  huied  .It  Antwerp  in  171 1;,  the  einpero"-  g.ivc  up  to  t!ie 
States-Cicncral  tor  ever,  the  ciiv  ot'  Vmlo,  with  its 
dillriet,  (ort  .St.  Michael,  ut  Sieveniwe:f,  with  its 
territories  and  liillriet,  ami  lo  ihulIi  gr-  and  :-.s  w  u  ne-- 
celhiiy  lo  enlarge  its  f  atilieat  ons  on  ihe  otli.  r  li.ie  ot" 
tile  Maelc.  The  [-11  incipal  piaces  of  L'pper  Geiderland 
arc  the  tollowing  : 

(kider,  :o  miies  diluuit  from  Ckvcs,  liands  in  :i 
p'ain,  on  the  river  Niers,  which,  dividing  itfclf  lierc 
into  two  biandies,  forms  an  illand  in  whii  hthr,  c:iv  is 
litiLitid.  It  leieives  theNki-s  into  its  rren  lies,  |j,s  in 
the  tirelil  ot  ir  iillus,  and  is  lo  weil  lurtilitd  ill  oilier 
ie:jieel  ,  thu  it  is  retk^jiieel  one  of  the  llroni.eli  phii  es 
111  the  Netlieiiaiuh.  It  .as  .111  amunt  i  aliie,  toruKrly 
the  leat  ot  It-  governo:-,  and  is  luppofedto  liaic  been 
bui't  bv  W'lch.ud,  the  lirli  lord  ol  th;-.  county,  who 
erei:l.ii  it  into  a  p.im  ipahiy,  attertiie  eh  :itli  oi  Charles 
the  B.dd.  Thelieii.U  hciiv;  ..ttirwaals  tiiarrieel  to 
C);iii),  ot  N.ilfiu,  who  «a-  eie.ited  count  by  the  eai- 
pcior  1  lean  l\'.  .v  nut  the  \  ear  ico,  one  of  hi-  cie- 
leend.ini.  wa  r.i.uh  ih.ke  l'\  tuc  em.e-dr  Liwi,  ut' 
li.ii.iria,  ill  i',;ii;  but  his  p  lleiily  t.uarg,  it  euiieti) 
liieiuiiiitot  I'y.'.m'tii,  wioiOidu  to  Ciiarhs,  dukeof 
B.i.gMndy,  b\  w  lio.e  tiai:.'i  ter  it  i..aie  to  tic  houfc  of 
.Aaiii.a.  It  \\.is  t.tixen  l.\  ihe  eonledei.ites  in  the  bc- 
g  ii'ing  't  ihe  war  in  the  Low  Coumrie-,  but  beti.ived 
to  le  .">pani  iiei-  111  1  ^ei;,  'I'iie  Out  h  belieged  it  in 
I'l;-,  |('M,  .md  i'.|c,  but  without  lueLcf-.  'Ihe 
1  kikIi  lei/ed  it  in  the  b.ginningol  the  w  .'.r  ueeaiioneil 
b'  tied.ath  i;l  Ca.iiles  II.  o*  Sjiaiii,  a-  l..fure  men- 
ti  lied;  but  it  w.i  -  let.ikeii  by  t  e  I'l  iilli '.n  ,  .iter  a 
iiKukadeot  15  m uatlis  and  14  d.iys  bunibardiiieiir, 
iSvlli  tie.iiv  o'  Uiieeht,  tt  was  yiekled  to  tlie  kin  ^  of 
riiill.a.  111  excli.iiige  lor  the  principahty  ot  Oi-.iige,  to 
uhicli  lie  had  a  r.glit,  as  li-ir  to  king  \\  lihaai  111.  and 
wh  ill  the  I'iemli  king  hail  lii/.ed  upon. 

K.tiil,  .1  large  biiroiigh,  wiih  a  lim  eal'le.  is  the 
e.tpit.il  ol  .iiounty,  or  dillrii.''t,  whicii  wa-virkl'd  to 
the  king  of  I'rulli.i  by  ihe  lame  triaiv.  'I'his  buiiugh 
li  s  un  ilie  M.iele,  about  1;  miles  ihllant  Iroiii  Gek;er 
to  the  loiitli. 

Strakn.  ;ib"Ut  four  mile- dilhint  fiMU  d  I  f  r,  was 


U\ 


m 


^i 


i'm 


•  \ 


I  .'i'l 


'« J I 


;il 


foiilieilv  lortilr  d  ;   bill  the  I'lx 


a\  iiig  i.iken  it  in 


1072,  demolilhed  its  furtilicatioiis.     U   belongs  now 

to 


f  i' 

,,.. 

|i. 

■  ■.  'I 

i '' 

. 

li 

f! 

m 


M 


;'4 


A  x\E\V.  ROY  AT,,  and  AI' mr.XTIC  SVSTF.M  ov  LNIVF.R=i\L  ( ilOf  ;R.\I'MY. 


to  I  lie  king  of  Piiilli 


il,. 


U'lial   i)t   I   mi:  u 


tcrntoix. 


Wathti-iuloiuk  iLiiul-  on  ihc  lit'.'c  intr  Nios  I'^f 


ilc^  abi 


.)OVl'  ("it'llitT. 


It 


wtll  loriili 


Hit    ll''  ill!'.! 


Iheiigih  contills  in  tlu-  luarllics  tliat  ruiroiiml  ii,  mvi 
in  its  diichc-,  tiUfd  with  the  watirs  ol  llic  Nici ;.  In 
tlic  bec,innin<\  oi  ilic  wars  in  the  Low  Count li.s,  u  was 
taken  liy  I  .ewis,  count  ot  Nairiu.  broilier  to  iIk  I'liiK^- 
otdran^c,  in  an  li.uJ  winter,  by  niarrliinj;  loni.'  troiip^ 
over  the  iee,  which  the-  i^arrJon  hail  ni^l'.cteil  to 
bicak.  In  i  :;SS  it  wa^  turioutlv  batuavd  by  coiini 
Mansliclil,  s^encral  ol  ilie  SpaniaiJs;  ami  it  isoblcrvcl, 
tliat  bo!iib<  were  uleJ,  for  the  lirll  time,  at  thi-  lie;;-. : 
notwithftaniling  whicli,  the  bcliegeU  detendeil  tliem- 
t'elves  To  braselv,  tliat  the  Spanianls  were  going  to  le- 
tire,  a'tcr  a  three  iitoiuhs  liege,  when  the  town  wa^ 
betraveil  to  them  bv  ilic  L'\)vcinor,  iult  a-^  it  wa^upoii 
the  point  ot   being  relieveil. 

The  priiKipality  ot'  Niufchatei.,  though  apart  of 
Switz.rlanil,  belongs  tu  I'rullia  ;  and  i^  biiiiiiiled  by 
the  tiiiliopne  of  Balll,  and  the  territory  ot  Hie!,  to- 
wards the  north;  bv  the  lake  N>ut>liatel  towards  the 
call;  bv  die  cuitoii  o(  Bern  on  th.e  loiiili;  and  b\ 
Franclie  Compte,  oi*  HurLiuiuh ,  ^'•11  the  well;  being 
ab()ut  twelve  leagues  in  length,  troni  n-irili  lo  louih, 
.md  lix  in  breadth,  troni  eall  to  well.  The  air  ot  this 
countr\-,  near  the  lake,  i>  temperate-,  but  ver\  ih.irp  in 
the  nii)untaiiious  parts  ot  it.  The  toil  isllony,  but  pro- 
dui.es  l]^^■  \i^{[  wine  in  Swii/erland  ;  liy  the  lale  whercol 
I:'  toivigners,   the  natives  make  great  :idvantagc?. 

The  l.inj,uai;e  i-  Freneh;  and  the  inhabitants  refem- 


;it  various  time 


,de 


itl 


heref 


,aiul  under  ilitlcK lit  pretaues  ;   it  may, 


ire,   upon   llie  wuo  e,  with  gre::t   propriety, 


b. 


deemed  a  I'ludiaii  pnv 
this  place. 

SiLlia  extends,  on  botli  fide 
Carpathian  mountains,  where  it  riles,  to  the  borders  of 


ituh  tlelerilkd  ill 
the  Oder,  from  the 


H 


ranclenlHiri 


t  is  le 


•aicd  fr 


Bo 


lieiiiia  .and  Mo 


L'ie  that  nation  iivire  in  th.  ir  manners 


am: 


cull. 


Ills  than 


(lermans.     Tiiey  are,  m  a  manner,  a  free  in.de 


pen- 

dtnt  pe 'pie,  notwuhllanding  they  have  alwavs  li;id  a 
piinee  tor  I  heir  liiavl;  lor  nothing  is  determined  but  In 
the  concurrence  "f  1  he  three  elLues.  'I'luy  have  :,\{o 
tlie  privilege  ot   dulling   their  own    magilliate-.    and 


llandar 


aier,  ar.  1  are  lubjccl  to  no  ta\es 


Hit 


V.'! 


at 


X.ulii 
;.;ed  ai  1! 
:!ai:i;iati 


N'eutiliatcl,   tilt-  ea]i 
iA,  calkd  bv  liie  f  ici 

n^n!i- 

ll.s 


lliey  lay  upon  themleives;  and  the  whole  counliy  1-  o;   i 
the  retornied  religion,  except  the  two  \il!  iges  uf  Ctv-  1 
ti  rand  Landcroii,  the  iiiliabit:inrs  .,f  «ln,,  i,  .n-e  Roman  ' 
Catholics.     Lpon  the  death   of  tl-.e  duJiels  u(  Nc- 
niours,   the    fill  louiitelsot   Neulch.Ui  1,   as  heirels  of  j 
rile   lioule  ot  L^ngueville,  the   ll:'.!es   cf  the  countv 
ucre  incliiied  to  I'le.'iiiii  tlicnile!\e,  t  ■  tl.e  l.,:lur  of  the  i 
lite  king  ot   I'rullia.  as  lu  ir,  by    hi.   m..il,,r,  to  the  I 
houle  ot  Orange,   which  derivcsl  its  liile  to  N.ufchatel  ' 
bom  the  ni.irri.ce  o!  one  ot  ils  j)rini  e-  wiiii  the  heirels  ; 
ot  tile  home  ot  Chalons,  the  direct   loveieign  of  thct'e 
t'.vo  eountk-.     Several   compi  nt'-rs   alio   aroie   at  the 
fii'.e  tune,  who  cliiiiKil    as   hei.s,  m    b'oud,  to  the  i 
lion.e   ot   I  .  ingueviUe;    i)ul    tii      flat,'    reected   their 
claiiii,   and  ad|udg-it  it    to  the    heiis  i,f  the    hiuic  of 
Chalons,  .iiKi  the  Ising  >it  I'rullia  ae,  ordm   1\  t^ok  poi- 
Islii  'ij  I  1  .■.      The  clue!  towns  in  ilit  n-uh^v  01   N'.ui- 
a.     N'eutiliatcl.   tiieeanit.d,  and  I  .and.ron. 

mans  New  burg,  i .  litu- 
end  ol   the  lake  lo  whiiii  it  com-  i 
;.an;.-,  .iboui  2c  mi'es  nortl  -wc-.l  o.' Bern,  | 
ui:  ol  l-'nburg.     'I'hc  lo'.wi  is  w\  11  built,  | 
ii!i  lev,  ral  liandioiiie  foiiiiiains.    hisgo- 
.mtd  otfto  buighers,and  enio\s  lirgep;--  I 
iihoii"  \'.  Inch  th.e  moll  loiil-detable  is, that  they  1 
•i'..:'g'.t.-,  or  fellow-citizeiis,  with  the  canton  of  ■ 
hi.h  r  I.  't  oiilyihtir  protector,  but  unipncoi  . 
'ie.er..,  uutween  ihem  and  their  f.vereign  ;  and  ' 
thi>  i.Uiion  '...[•;.■  "t' d  them  in  their  reliLii'ui,  and  civil 
rights,   while  ij.cy  -ure  iindu  the  donnnion  ot  I'opilh 
prince-.     'I!;.  ..     :.■.    ut  .N.ulchatel  were  fjimei  ly  allied 
to  the  cantji-  .■!    B  rn,  I..iKtrn,  Solcure,  and  I'libtiig; 
but  Inue  the  i;.v,  li.iure  of  the  king  ol  I'mlfia,  the  Rj. 
pirti  ll.ites  do  n..t  leem  difpolLd  to  renrw  the  .ilhance, 
ami  they  may  1  e  loA:  d  upon  now  a  allied  .  iilv  loBerii. 
^  Landeion,^  liiualed  ne.ir  the  lake  ot   Biel,  1'  1 'iii.irk- 
able  tor  th.e  It.'en.'^th  i  t  ii-j  fitu.mon,  and  a  noble  caltle, 
the  relidcncc  ol  the  prim  e. 

Some  parts  of  Silesia  iuiving  liern   ceded   to  the 
lire  king  ot  i'ludla,  a;id  others  leued   up..n   by    him 


a:„i  1 ;  luiih 

a:.J  aljtn.d  , 

Verne; I  fiy  a  e 

Vi'.ege-. 

a:c  suu 

Jkm,   \ 
.  1 

f! 


,  tl 


r.ivia,  on  the  louih-well  and  fouth.  by  the  mount.tins 
called  Rillenbergen;  and  boundetl  by  Poland  on  ihc 
e.ill;  Lula'iaand  part  of  B  jhemi.i  on  the  well  ;  Bian- 
deiiburs;  on  ihe  north;   and  Hungirv  on  the  foulh. 

l-'rom  north-wetlto  l"ni:h-e..ll  11  is  about  zi:,  miles, 
and  .ibout  loj  wher^  br'udcil ;  but  it  is  nuieh  con- 
ir,ic;ed  at  boih  ends. 

On  the  tide  iie.xt  to  Boheiiiia  tl'.crcare  nianv  barren 
mountains ;  but  the  rcll  of  the  country  is  .1  goo  1  foil, 
.ibouading  with  corn,  wine,  fwcet  cine,  or  galengal, 
madder,  ;ind  ll.ix:  and  on  'iie  mountains  whit  h  diviilc 
it  tioin  Moras  1. 1,  are  mines  ot  iiiver,  the  richell  in  der- 
many,  which  wcie  moag.iged  by  the  ciiijieror  rjuirles 
V'i.  upon  the  .idvance  ot  nion-y  troiii  Cireat  B.it.iin, 
i\c.  liy  the  title  o[  tiie  SiLlian  lo.iii' ,  at  live  .md  ll\ui 
pst  tent.  'I'lure  ae  Olivers  ol  copjur,  le.ul,  iron, 
ijuicislilver,  tail,  lali-p.ire,  and  Cialk. 

'I  he  chrt  11101, ni.;ins  are  j.'ttenberg,   of  the  Silefi.in 

Weathercock,  lo  c.iiled  bic.iule  the  n.  ighboir.iii}';  p  ii- 

[ile  prognollicate  what  wcaiher  w  ill  enlue  fri  111  the  ap- 

i  pearance  ot   i(s  lunimlt.     Her?  are  the  ruins  01   .ui  old 

]  c.illle,  demoiillud  by  tiie  citi/.cns  ot'  Br^lla.v,   becaii'.'e 

i  it  was  a  llieltu  lor  iwbbets.     I-'rom  tb.is  hid  ihev  ilig  a 

I  tine  d.irk  y,reeniili  in.nble.     (irat/,b.rg  or  (Jr.uiilherg, 

;  onwhiehdiike  I'lederiik  bui't  a  cdlle,   now  a  w.iieh- 

1  towtr.     .Spiiiuvrb,  w,th   a   bcac.  n,  ne,ir   the  t;>ri:ier. 

(ieorgeiiberg,  in  the  duchv   ot   .S.hweuhiil/,   t.inious 

tor  the  Tvtra  Sigill.ita,  liill  dikovered  b\   Moni.iiui,, 

an  eminent  i>'.ivlui,in  and  clr.iiiii;,  who  wrote  a  Latin 

tieaiile  on  iis  virtues. 

The  ch.cl  liver  is  the  Oder,  which  riles  near  :i 
loun  ot  tliil  n.ime  on  tiie  bi.  cr-  of  Moravia,  and 
traveilcL  the  iciiintn  Irointoulh  to  norili-well.  Many 
Inialkr  nvus  rile  f.cie,  and  l.l!  into  llie  Odei'.  111- 
creaiing  11  to  a  iaige  navig'.b'e  dn.im  befire  it  palies 
into  Bi.uideninirg.  'Ihe  rivers  abound  with  trclli  wa- 
ter lilli,  ,1-  do  aho  the  p  >nd-  and  lakes,  cfpeiially 
lampieys,  winch  are  t.ikeii  m  vail  (|uantities  in  ihc 
Neillilh  l.ike,  iVc.  The  m.adows  alio  have  i  attic, 
the  toitle-  veiiilon,  with  all  t!ie  wild  and  lame  be, ills 
.md  lowl  that  are  in  any  part  ol  ( i.rr.i.inv.  'I'li  ■  niini- 
lierot  inliabitan;>  .ire  compuied  at  a  nullrn  and  haii, 
iKiiig  a  miAture  ot  (ierinans,  MoriVian-,  I'  le-,  kc. 
The  Iiiiguage  IS  in  lo.lie  [)l.ins  (iernian,  and  in  others 
Sclavonu.  Sine-  tly  countrx  tell  under  tlie  dominion 
ot  the  rruffians,  11  1  diets  have  t)cen  held-,  but  all  the 
other  jM-ivileg.s  ot  the  iiili.ibit  uits  h  ive  been  confirmed 
t )  them.  Th.- elLiDhlh  d  ul'g.on  is  ihe  I'rotcllant; 
but  R  man  Cathiliis,  j  ws,  lireeks,  ^;c.  are  tolera- 
tol.  '1  i,e  pniKip.il  in.iiu.l.iCture.s  are  wooileiv.,  linen-, 
loii'ins,  thre.iel,  hats,  glals,  guiipviwvler,  and  iron 
wares. 

Ciirilli.mitv  wa-  j. hinted  here,  as  in  I'ol.uul,  about 
the  ^nd  ot  ifie  i;th.  "r  I'.eginniiig  of  die  lotli  ciiilury: 
but  at  til ll  the  Chiiiti.uis  worllupped  in  private,  lor 
teirol  their  ma  ;iihate,,  till  ..bout  yo;,  that  th.' court 
itlelf  turned  tii  Chri;U..nitv ,  when  no  lei's  di.in  nine 
biili"prie-  Wet- er.s.'ted  ill  thi- coiintn'.  S.)on  a!t..r  Lii- 
tliei's  apjie.uaiue  tiny  eiiibraeed  the  .-\uglburg  conLl- 
lion,   loi  which  llr  v  li.,d  .i  ch.irter  i;i.i;it  d  ihem  by  tiic 


1- 


empeioi  R  ido'iei  11.  in  i().':o:  h'li  i-erciinand  II.  re 
pealeel  dieir  i  ha-ier,  ..n.l  ver\' iii'i  '.1  ullr.une  I  the  cx- 
crcile  ol  theii  reliio'in,  whieh,  tl,..u  h  ielioii.d  by  the 
treaty  of  Well pli  ill. i,  v.is.igaiii  iiiwuicl  l>y  the  Aiif- 
tiiaii  lamily;  (dl  Chailcj  XII.  km,',  ')i  S.veilen,  obliged 
dlow  11  li  >  ni  I'Vini,  wnlh  trdh 
.■,  \ei  ,  li.ue  been  viriuallv  le- 
lubl'  <;ii  'It  I'  I  that  tiiii  ■  ;  but 
.Jiiiiiii./i!  Ill'  a  1'.  t.  llani  p  )■'. e: , 
III  tlu  liee  c.-veteile  ot  the  I'ro- 


llie  eni|!(.-ior  j.ir  [)h  \o 
coiicellioii  .  1  hele,  h 
I  yoked,  .11  lome  period 
j  ii'LVj  being  nndei  tlu  i 
j  thi-y  ate  Itiily  cjiiiirm';'. 
\  tetUut  tch'^i';n. 


Th.: 


^fiRAlTTV. 

lit  pictiiui's;   it  111.1)', 

1  er^::t   prDpruty,  be 

.i>  Uu  li  (Itlcnbkil  111 

li  the  C)tli.r,  from  tlu- 

■'.!t.S,    to  i1k'  llUlllLT^dt 

III!  BcliLiiiia  and  Md- 
;ti,  hy  the  moiini.iins 
c-d  by  I'lihiiul  cm  the 
i.i  on  thi-  welt  ;  Mran- 
.>2,u\  iMi  the  louih. 
It  IN  about  2z^  mili'v, 
hut  it  is  nukh  con- 

I'.erc  arc  ni.uiv  Ivirriii 
jiiiUry  l^  a  yoo.i  ("oil, 
L-t  iMiic,  or  i;ak'ng;i!, 
oiiiuaiii-  whii  h  iliviilc 
."Cl",  i\k  liehtll  in  (nr- 
'  the  i!ii|icror  riuirlcs 
(•  ti"in  I'.iivat  H.it.iin, 
i.iii' ,  at  liw  ami  I^\i.m 
'1  copjiir,  Lad,  umii, 
clialk. 

nl'cig,  or  till  Sik-fian 
the  iiv  ij;lilioiirini';  p  ii- 
I'll  enluf  tp  in  tl.e  aj)- 
irc  the  rtiin-  m  An  ulJ 
IS  lit  iJr^  ll  la,  lieean'e 
111  tl'.is  hill  ilicv  diy;  a 
t/.b.rg  or  (jrai:ill)eiv;, 
t  ;ll!e,  luiw  a  uali  li- 
V  11,  near  tlic  ti'n:;t.T. 
SJuvcidait/,  I'.iiiioiis 
iiveled  b\  MoiUaiUb, 
li,  who  wrote  a  Latin 

1.  whieh   rile-,   near  a 

t.r-  lit   Morav.a,  ar.d 

t'l  iKirili-wJt.      Many 

lute)    I  he   Oder,    in- 

tii  am  lietiire  it  ]i;',ll'es 

ilioimd  witli  trelli  wa- 

aiid    lake';,  elpeiially 

va'.l   (juaiitities  in  the 

nvs   alio   have  (altle, 

ivild  and  tame  iHalis 

i.Tiiiaiiv.     'I'll  ■  iu;;ii- 

at  a  aiiili.ii  and  liaii, 

hit  iVian^   1'   !e-,   !vc. 

iernian,  and  in  others 

•11  iind/T  the  dominion 

leeii  In  'd  ;   but  all  the 

s  h  u\  been  eonl'iined 

ill  i-  the   I'roteltant ; 

reeks   ^'"-  :i''e  t'lera- 

;.sare  wood;  iv.,  linen-, 

uiipowder,   and    iron 

,  a^  in  I'eilaiid,  abmii: 
;  ot  the  loth  ci  nlurv  : 
|i|itil  in  privaie,  tor 
ut  ()ii;,  ih.it  ill.  louit 
II  11  I  h  li  tli.tn  nine 
unti\'.  S  )rin  .ut^r  lai- 
the  Au^lhurjT  co;,!,  i- 
r  f^rant-.d  lliein  I  v  the 
liut  1-erdinand  II.  re 
ih  h  lelh-.uned  the  ex- 
hwu  h  relloud  by  tiic 
ni\aded  by  the  Aul- 
li'  ol  Sweden,  oblisied 
i  >  til  i'.',a'"i  ^viih  111  111 
KUe  bejil  viriuallv  le- 
'!i  I'l  that  liiii  ■  ;  but 
<.l'a  1'.  t.  llaiil  p  I'M;, 
Cl.  cxeieilc  ul  the  IVo- 


i:UROPE.] 


KINGDOM     OF     !■  R  U  S  S  I  A. 


Tiie  excile  revenne  here  is  only  levi.  d  in  walled 
tiwiis,  aiiil  ihk'tuaus;  but,  in  the  reli  ot  the  duchy, 
the  eontriluitions  are  li\ed,  and  th  fanie  hodi  in  peace 
and  war.  The  while  revenue  trom  Silelii,  and  the 
couiitri  ol  (ilat/,  ii  very  eonfiderable,  and  managed 
by  the  doiii.'.iii  oliins  ol  r.ie:ii'.>  and  (i  oitiw. 

Mmy  Sil  liaii-,  ol  llu-  h.i;h  r  i.ink,  l.avc  dillin- 
p,ui(]ieil  the'.nlebes  lor  the  r  politi  .il  itul  mila.iry  ta- 
lent-, learnln",  wii,  Ke.  bui  the  hiw  r  .1.1  oi  people 
are,  in  }j;eiier.il,  rr.iher  ilull.  "  Th  y  h  .e  (  a\  a  p.r- 
tiii  111  ob:er\er')  more  o;  Mats  thin  M  i.ui\  in  iheir 
tomp  liiion,   and  their  |ia.i>  are  more  toiid  tliui  lluii- 

•ng-" 

bilclia  is  divided  into   I'ppcr  and  Lower,  and  tlule 
are  ai;iin  lu  ihvid.d  mio  principalities,  and  loiillhip  . 
IJotii  the  pr  I,  city  ,in  1  lurildvtion  ot  loine  of  tliele  be- 
loni;  iiivr.edi.uely  to   the   kiiij;,  and  others  to  hi^  Tub 
jeoi  .and  vallab. 

Lou'KH  Sii.KSlA  is  ilivided  into  thirteen  prineipah- 
ti.-  ,  and  three  lordlhip'',  to  which  we  lliall  attend  iii 
dtk  iiider. 

The  principal'..;,'  ot"  Br  ll.iw  is  a  ple.d'int  and  tVuit- 
lul  louniiv,  ill  the  matdlc  ot  S.l.iia,  lyiii;;  on  Imtli 
liiie^  .>,  the  Od.i.  It  iiii'  du'.e  a.is  l'„)iell.iu  ,  a  I'o- 
Jilh  prince,  to  ueaied  1\  the  enii"  ror  I'reiUriek  1. 
in  I  I 'i ;  ;  i  ut  the  lollowaiti;  pritues  not  beinii;  able 
to  lielend  their.lel'.cj  igai,,!!  ihe  Tatars  and  I'oic-, 
Were  ioricd  to  pill  themielves  under  the  protei 'ion  oi 
the  kipjr  ol'Hoh.mia,  to  wliom,  Biiiio  Ui\-^,  the  em]ie- 
ror  I'red^rio.  II.  ».ive  it  a-,  a  licio:  the  em[iire;  but  it 
vv  IS  tub  eel  to  t.ie  hou'e  ol  Aulbia  betore  us  cellion  t'l 
the  k::;''.  :;{  i'nillia. 

lirell.'.w,  tlieiapiial  of  all  Sileli.i,  is  lituated  at  the 
lotilhr.  I 'I  the  Oder  and  Olav.-,  at  the  dillance  ol  i  ^o 
miles  11;  i;tli-.  all  ot  li.rlin,  ant  147  north  ot  Nienna. 
Ji  is  a  riih,  populous  town,  ai.d,  inclu.iing;  the  lui  inb-, 
ot  grv.it  e\eii;.  It  c.intains  iii.iny  larife  iiiiilorm 
Iqiiares  eap.i  iou^  llrcets,  lt.it.lv  pulilt,  cdilice--,  haiul- 
lome  pnv.ue  lioules,  Ive.  The  torliliiations  are  ol  no 
gre.it  im]ioriai'.  e.  IJreflaw  eoiitains  llveral  R'lr.ian 
(.'aiholie  .ind  L.\.theian  iliui  lies,  one  lor  the  ule  el  t!ie 
CdvinilU,  and  ailothei  lor  the(ii\e!.s;  iao  tena^^o.  i.es 
I  ir  the  Jews,  a  iollet;e,  a  pilee  lor  the  biiliup, 
tao  I.aitheraii  jj^ymnaliums,  or  li  heiils  ol  exercile,  .1 
nolle  unive' lily,  ;ind  .1  ma.uili  eat  >  xehan^e.  I  hi 
I  .ty  1.  next  in  di>;imv  to  li  run  and  Koiiiii^lhuig,  be- 
in^',  ill.  thud  111  i.iiik  in.illthe  I'ruirian  d  Hiiiniorii.  I'lie 
iii.ijj,iltr.iiy  IS  Lut'ieraii,  th.-  trade  and  iiianua.  iuks 
I  .intiileiable,  and  the  m  naileries  and  iiuiiiieri>  ■  111 1^- 
luiieeat  ami  well  endowed.  1  hie  .lie  hkewiie  ie\e:.i; 
•j,ood  public  li!>rarie'',  iW'i  .irnioiu-^,  a  c  I  e::eof  phi'i- 
tiaiis,:!  iuiii!,\e.  .\l.-.ny  veulv  !.iii~,ex  elLnt  m.iikit-., 
and  other  .ul ,  .iiu.ines  win.  h  itenioi-,  induee  \  .llio•|■ 
l  ireii.;n  ir.eitlMiiI  .to  lelon  hither.  The  a:  u  ulan.e  ot 
w.ller  e  a  <!r.  ,\  i  aueiii.  nee  to  ihir.  •  it\ .  Th.  h..u  es 
.-.le  all  built  uiih  lloiie  :  and  there  .ir  f.o  ill.md-  tu.a 
it  firmed  by  :!i.-  livei  t)der,in  one  ol  whuli  i.  a  .  lu.reh, 
th,  tower  ol  .\liteh  w.is  bun-.t  by  li^itnin-j;  m  1  ;  ;, : ; 
a  .d  111  the  o;h.  r  lil  uid,  lalk- :  Tliiiin,  the  c.u iiedial  is 
liii.aled.  I'll  s  iit\  w.is  t.ik'jii  b\-  the  ki;i;5  ol  Frullia 
in  1741,  .in.l  retaken  bv  the  Aulbi.ins  in  i;;?; 
but  thcyd,  ..I  not  l.ee,i  it  [■>  i  •,  ;  tor  the  kiii^  ot  l',uil,.i 
lii.iiie  himlil.  iiM'ler  1 1  It  a.:.:.a  the  i.itiie  year,  .uid  liaih 
retaititd  11  e-v  ei  laue. 

In  ihi.s  priaci]  ihiv  are  many  oiliei-  town>  a-ul  v-l- 
lu;e-,  but  u  'lie  i  t:  1  vr.ut,  ol  tuention,  ex  ept  th.-  vil- 
lat^e  ot  Len  hen.wlu.e,  in  1  75-,  1  lie  lauiii.uis  ol)t.-an,d 
a  li.',nal  vi.'iuiy  o.  ei     h     Aulln.in.. 

■|  lie  piineipilii>  cii  Bac,  is  erne  ot  the  l.ir -^ell  and 
111"'.!  auu'iil  n  .ill  Si.  ;..i.  It  1-  w  aered,  by  the  Odi.i 
and  Oiaw,  and  p:,  do  es.orn,  [lalbne,  KiIlulo,  bee.  h, 
m.idder,  u.ik,  puie,  lloiie,  i\.. 

Urnir,  belioei  niaiiv  liiiail  towns,  vill.ip.  s,  hamlet-. 
See.  contains  the  fix  lollowin-;  pl.ices,  wh.eli  i;ive  lume 
to  as  m.iiiy  eir^le  . 

Hrieii,  the  capital,  which  llandson  the  Od.r,  i^  on. 
01  the  hamllom.  d  town-  in  .Silelia,  w  -il-f  iiiiti  d,  and 
lias  a  collei^,e,  where  the  luolellbrs  a'e  Laitheran  ;   and 
N.;.  (1(1. 


an  alaclem^ 
b  r.il  ait'. 


where  the  nobility  arc  trained  to  tlie  li- 
Ihe  tlreet.  are  iiiuiorm,  the  houfe-  sjene- 
rallv  ot  done;  ami  St.  .Nicolas's  cliurih  is  a  high.ll  itely, 
old  labric,  with  two  towers.  Mod  ol  it,  except  the 
public  buildings,  \v:^  bmni,  by  the  Hufliies,  in  14^8; 
aid,  in  1740,  the  I'rtiflians  obtained  a  victory  over  the 
/\ullrians,  at  a  little  villajie  called  M.ilwit/.,  near  tlii-v 

Olaw,  lltuat-d  on  a  river  to  c  died,  is  de'cndcd  In  .1 
callle,  c.intainsa  copper  llati:n<:;-m;ll,  and  iscel.bratcd 
lor  the  i|ieintii\  ct  tobacco  r.alcd  i;i  its  11.  ighliourhood. 

S.reliLn  has  larec  lubiirbs,  a  manuiaci  iry  of  iloih, 
and  in  11-.  neighbiouih-.iod  a  quarry  ot  t;re^n  maiblc. 

R  icheitilein  and  Silberberg  are  mine  towns,  and 
prodii  e  ;;old,  liK\r,  and  lead  ore. 

Crciitzliur^  is  deleiidul  by  a  llnne:  callle. 

Nimpii  li,  a  I  own,  with  a  callle,  on  the  Lohe,  is  litu- 
ated in  a  coiiimandry  bJi<i)j,iiig  to  the  kiii»liis  of  St. 
j.hn. 

The  principalis  of  .Sihweidnil/.  li'.sa  capital  of  the 
iame  name,  on  the  river  WViiliitz,  Ii  derives  iti 
name  from  the  great  herib  ot  twine  kepi  here  before 
the  toiell  was  cut  down  in  1  o^o,  and  has  a  v. ild  boar  lor 
;t  arm  .  It  is  liiuated  on  .1  riling  ground,  with  a  view 
over  a  dJii^hthiland  fruitful  countiy.  IiswidL-,  wiiieU 
leeen  t.>  be  very  ancient,  are  Iniili  01  briik,  and  foni- 
li.  d  with  ramparis  on  r.umd  rowir  .  Here  are  a  caiUe, 
a  li.  e  fcpiare,  and  a  e.  liege  ut  jeluits,  who  have  a 
chinch,  one  of  the  lars;ell  and  linell  in  Siklia,  with  a 
v.'iy  liij^li  tower,  and  a  clock  th.u  is  heard  at  a  great 
diilaiue,  with  chime,  that  llnketlie  li  uirs.  It  Is  beau- 
tilied  Willi  many  other  elegant  ibuclures,  bclides  us 
churches ;  and  h.is  aw  armoury,  wheiem  there  is  a  piece 
ot  ordii.iiice  oi  cxcellive  wcig;nt. 

Siiigt.oneol  the  towns  of  this  princi|«lity,  ll.ind^ 
'11  the  riv^r  P  .llnitz,  and  is  noted  fa"  excellent  beer, 
.md  thai  iem.ukableminei.il  callul  'IVrra  Sigdata. 

Landlliut  is  a  I  onltdcrai  !e  town  at  the  lonllux  of 
the  Bi'lier  and  Z^ider,  hiving  a  Ihiurilliiiis!,  linen  liade, 
and  giving  ii.mie  to  a  I  ir-, le,  in  which  is  fituattd  the 
C'llbiti.in  abl'ei  ot  (itilfau,  richiy  endowed.  I  he  ab- 
bot is  \.c.ir-g.ii.  r.d  01  Sikli.i,  and  wears  a  mitre. 

R.iclnnbach,  on  the  f.il,  is  a  IiiliII  tow;,  with 
m-.nul.ictur.s  ol  tuiliaii,  caiua-,  andhneii;  a  c.  mnia.n- 
dry  of  the  iiider  ot  St.  |olin,  and  ,  piiory  iledicatcd  tu 
Su  15aib.iia. 

The  princip.ditv  ot  jawer,  or  J  titer,  is  wateiid  by 
the  ri\er  Bober,  whieh  riles  in  it,  .ind  runs  thioujjh  it 
Ir  nil  tionh  to  loiuli. 

J. AVer,  It-,  cipttd,  is  liiir.ited  in  •.  p'ealani  valley,  ami 
a  g.ieil  air,  near  tl.e  r-^kv  m.uiniai:!-.  which  divide* 
Sileiia  ir.aii  Bolu  niia.  It  is  n-a  f  ■  iarge  as  Scliwealna/- 
but  has  llrong   wa'ls  w:i!i   higii    i  imparts,  and  deeji 


i.fc  ivs.     It  li.s  .1  conlu 
ot  Bcrn.iidine-.,  and  a  a 


-r.ib 


e  cli 


ia\h,  w  it'll  a  conveiu. 


1  a  gr.  at  citad-1,  in  which  lehdes  the 
ha  fill',  orheut.rant,  ofboth  theduchi.sot  ja-.ce:aml 


Scl;w\i.lniiz.  Ti  ere  e 
oi  a  large   f'.]u.i;e  of 
peiple  t  !  w..lk  under, 
the  evil  w.ir-   ;ii    t  o- 
dow'i,   but   has  been 


a  line  towndi  uie  in  tlie  nitvklle 

h   u  c-,   built    Willi  gaiLri.'-    for 

Ttiii   i.ifia.il  letreied  much  b\ 


;,  waeii   f  e 
nice    rebutli 


wiurcli  .'■.!•.  hiiriii 
111   a    iii.ae  llately 


Ba:;.'.l  I.'.,  a  I'lLill  town  on  th.e  I'.-i'vr,  is  n  ted  ibr 
!  beauiiiii!  br-.-wii  .  atllien  -.xarv,  a. id  ..a  cvcll^iit  quick 
I  prill.;  I't  a  niinera'  ii.uuie. 

l...e.v,  nl-,ei;',,  0,1  th.-  B  .b,v  r,  cont  tins  a  Francileaii 
c  tn.iit,  wall  a  C'P.  ni.iii'lrv  el  the  eider  ot  St.  I  h;i, 
ml  .1  I  .'.ithii.in  .-rat.a-x .  .-X  d.-.tkilii  kind  oi  amli  r  is 
l.nin  i  here ;  and  within  its  1  in  le  i--  a  linen  minuaet  a.. 

I  bio.  hi. erg  is  on.-  o.  liie  Irsndt'.mi  11,  l.ug  II,  a:'d 
ra  'I  th  r,  ill  I  .'..lis  in  Sihliu  Iv.'a.a  .1  at  the  conll-.x  ot 
th  li  1.  er  and  '/..ik.n.  li  ha--  a  l.i.  .-,.■  ii.ide,  a  gi  -.ic 
1'   e   ;cr\'.  111.!  a  1  apital  l.i'.eii  maiuif 


r',  ;  a:. a  iii  .nc 
m.n.-.  .4  ii.ili 
f  linen,  g'.if-, 


.  i  .1  ,  to  which  tl.e  loven  }nve^  n  .j_n  ,  a 
.I'.dioppcr,  w.irni  bailis,  niaiiUl..eLu.e 
lilk  dam. '.Iks,   i^(-. 

Th  ■  principality  of  Liii-iiit/.  ii;  cipi.  i ms,  h-nile,  ami 
aell  watered    bv    few. .a   rivr,   l.!i.:  '  i.ief  of   which  lb 


I't 


It'f' 


'Ml 


(■;■ 


i.- 


I.tii.' 


m 


-26 


A  NEW,  ROYAI.  anh  ArTHrNTIC  SYSTr>T  of  I  NIVr.RSAr,  riF.OGRAl'IIV. 


ilic  K.u/.li:iili.  It  contains  nianv  !  iri;i'  wiods,  ;inil  ^ 
.iIl!  lait'J  tor  proilutiiig  a  t'mc  burd  of  lio!k\  and 
plcr.ty  ot  niaiuicr. 

I.ignii/,  thcca[mal,  i^  fiiuatal  oti  tlif  Katzlvuh,  a 
rivukt,  two  (j'criu.'.n  mill";  noith  iVom  JnvM'r,  ami  lix 
•Avll  ttoni  Balliw.  It  wa--  wallid  roiii\il,  m.idc  a  ciiy, 
iiu!  adovr.ai  by  H  •ktl.iii'-,  the  tiill  tlukc,  who  ril'ulnl 
hiTv'  alxiiit  1  I  70,  wlkii  It  was  llic  i.lii  t"i!ty  ol  Siklia, 
nixt  to  Briiluw.  It  was  fartlur  h.aulilieil  ami  loni- 
fiul  by  B>i-c(liu'  thi- Bill!.  VVcdfi k  k  II.  aiiothfr  ot 
Its  (hike-,  i-acoiiipallid  it  with  a  diii.li  ill  i^^i,  tii  k'- 
I  iiiv  It  a;;a;nll  the  trck|iitiu  miuilions  ot  thi'  Tiiiks; 
and  Ht-nrv  XI.  aiit;ir,(.:.;id  the  dittii,  and  made  new- 
work';  to  (lri.ni;t  hi  11  It.  Ii  1-,  in  Ihort,  a  lari':f  town, 
has  a  noble  talile,  .1  Ihiitly  towndioiilc  and  hofjiit.d, 
and  is  taiT.ous  lor  a  vich-ry  ubinined  near  it,  over  tic 
Impcrialiil-,  in  16;:;.  In  1741  (lie  I'liifTians  took  it 
I',  .thoui  oppoliiion.  It  loni.un^  levcral  churilics  Ro. 
man  C'atholie,  LAiihuan,  8ii  .  a  eolkge,  a  iiiilitarv  ;ic  1- 
deiTiv,  and  tlie  palace  ot  tlic  an>  iiiu  prince^,  witii  the 
ihapel  in  which  they  were  buned.  Hi  re  arc  iiuuiy 
meal,  lawing,  tan,  pap-.r,  ami  po-.'. dtr  milk,  and  a  c  n- 
liderabk-  trade  in  linen  anil  madder. 

(iold:  f'-;:,  on  tiic  Kat/l)acli,  i•^  a  eonliik'ialilc  town, 
whiih  took  it-  luiiie  '10m  a  gold  m'ne  tliat  wa--  lor- 
merly  worked  liii.,  a:id  contains  a  Fiancilcan  convent, 
with  a  commandry  of  ilic  onlcr  ol' St.  John.  In  the 
neif;hliourh'U)d  is  a  hill  called  Spit/biri^en,  or  the 
diaip-poiiucd  bill,  which,  ;it  a  ili'.lar.ee,  rt-lemb!c'  a 
p\ram:d,  and  is  ■•{  .1  gi\>ii  colour. 

l..uben  liives  n.iiiie  to  a  cii\  1  ,  aii-l  h-is  ai  loth  m  inu- 
f'.n.'\orv.     I'arcliw  t/,  a   ln;:ill  i  lun    on   the  K 
has  alio  a  manut.'.cto-.',  of  cl'lh,  an 
diftrid. 

The  i^incipalin  it'  W.-l.iw  is  in  general,  woodv 
and  marlhy,  \a  h.i-  a  le.v  corn  land-.  Tlie  river--  are 
tlieK.it/bachand  Oiicr ;  and  the  circles  aic  lix  in 
number,  towLih  t!-.e  follow  iivj  town- give  name. 

W'ol.iw,  the  eap'tal,  lontaininti  -i  Carm..-liti.  (on- 
Viir  and  ihunh.  the  C'itUrti.m  albev  of  L-u  •..  ,  a 
I  .ii.ue,  ;ii!d  .1  I, .mil'  I. in  (  hurch  anil  1-  lio  -1. 

W'n/.!/  I'  a  iniali  :.;wv.,  containino  a  R  ni  .a  C.iti^o- 
he  ih'.ircn  and  .1  u  ■;:  ■  '. 

R:uitdrn.  al-ii.i:l  open  town;  Sleii>-.o,  on  ilie  Oder, 
r.  inatkablv  loi  t-  lioih  maniiiaciorv  ;  Rat/-,  p,  un  ti:e 
Baitlch,  le'ebiaic'vl  t- r  us  t.vo  miner:'.!  Iprini-  ;  ::nd 
I  lirruiinilr,  on  the  l^.me  river,  whith  h.id  a  R  --t:  in 
("iiholic  and  l.uthcran  >  h.ur  h  ti'l  1  ;  .9,  .-henilic 
whokw  .- :  !h!it  di'Wn  In  t';ie  A\.:':  ].".<.  . 

'I  he  prmupahiy  ot  <  do  aA  i--  tlie  liriri-'.l  ir,  I.."v  e; 
*^iklla.  It  h  waleied  b\  ilr-  ()rk-,,  H.irtlcli,  aiivl  B- 
ber;  \  le'.ds  abnndince  oforn,  -Ai-.e,  and  wo. 1;  h.is 
kviralwo  •;  ;i  manut.ic'torie'- ;  ,-nd  is  ilividid  iiiio  li.\ 

I  irih-',  ti     A  ll.  ii  ll;c  t-'l!()",    IVJ^  l-WVIl'  L'iv      tl  I'll-  . 

(tk-e.iw,  ;|ie  ca]ir.il,  ha-  I'.ecj.'ilct  .-t  (iie..t,  to 
dMtuisiaill)  it  troni  Mi.ither  toi-.'-i  oi  ihe  :,inK-  :ia:i.  1:1 
I'pi'er  Silen.i.  h  1-  liie  uat  ol  liv.r.d  c  -iirt-,  ovice-, 
i^e.  h.i--  a  ci-lkac  -1  I  .uili-.ran,  a  Ca^inill,  an  I  f.  v  ral 
RonianCathobi,  cliirih-  iml  convert- ;  -./id  is  dioi'-ly 
toniiiiil,  an.l  Will  .j:::ilo-ud.  I:  w.is  laken  in  1741 
!:\-  t!;c  I'ruiiia:.  ,  and  its  foriiiicaii.'n  coniider.i  -h  .lu';- 
i.M.ied  ;  and  1:.  ir  -  cirel.-  is  a  Like,  tiic  IiiIma  ot 
>h'h  IS  i.ini.^it  oui,  .iiid  brings  a  colli. ii. mi 'e  ii,,n 
■.(:i!!'.:.ul>. . 


II'  11, 
'.^.vcs  name  t-)  a 


a'kal  le  t-T  it-    ironworks;  (iriinbi  1;..,    |'.m,.,.ii    for 
imy.iib,;   .S^hiiii  11-,  on  iln- Sehv.eiiiin-.-,    iiiip-ri- 


P 

ir  ;:i; 


Ottmaihaw,  on  the  Nc.l/.,  where  the  bilhop  !ia«  ,1 
pal  ice,an-l  a  lourt  ol  re^'eiu  \ . 

Neyl/-  Hand',  on  the  riv- r  ot  its  own  n.iiiu',  and  is 
noted  lor  a  peat  trade  in  bed  lickini.^.  It  is  v-aterul 
alio  In  the  river  Bitlan.  an>l  is  the  ordinary  ruidciKC 
ot  the  billiop  of  Biellaw.  It  is  as  large  as  l.iunit/.  or 
Bric(»,  and  much  more  migniticcnt,  widi  fpacioii-  lii- 
Inirbs.  jMoll  of  the  Ivniic-i  are  hifl,h,  and  built  of  tree- 
I  done,  ft);minc^  tine  llieits  and  puh'ic  Iquare'-.  It  is 
I  eiKompalied  bv  a  uood  w.ill,and  a  ditiii  lull  of  water; 
has  ll'ver.d  churilus  and  convents;  is  commmilcil  by 
a  fort  on  a  ncijihlvnirm;:;  hill,  erected  in  1  74;,  by  order 
of  tlie  late  king  ot  i'riiliia,  and  dekiulcd  b\  a  lh>)nL', 
garrilbn. 

Cirotkii'v  is  but  a  fm.ill  town,  ami  the  houfes  molHy 
Iniilt  ol  timber  ;  but  the  bifho()'s  palace,  the  cluireh, 
and  towiidiall,  arc  ol  Itone.  It  h,is  good  pates  anj 
\wills,  w'lh  a  tri|ile  ditch.  It  llan-h  in  a  line  plain, 
n.ar  a  foreli,  in  a  good  air,  and  ;i  (ui  lUii  loil,  betwt.-n 
Britiroiitlu  north,  an.l  iVUinlK-rlnirg  m  the  (outh- 
will.  Ii  has  a  lai"i  parilli  i  lunch.  Tin-  town,  ami 
its  jirincipalitv,  were  told,  in  1:41,  by  the  ilukcs  ot 
l.igiiit/ and  Biiesi,  to  the  bilhop  ot  Rrellaw.  It  has 
Ix'en  li.b'i.it  to  divers  accid.nis.  in  1400,  and  1  ^49,  it 
was  I  urindown-,  the  lall  time  bv  ligliin;-.?,;  lo  that  only 
the  paiilli  I  hurch,  and  a  lew  luiiil,  ,1  leaned.  In  14  ;8 
it  WIS  plundered  by  the  I'ol  s.  Diik-  William,  ol 
rro|--p-u,  took  it  in  144;;  and  it  fiiti'ered  veiy  muih 
in  the  .Sw.'idh  war  witli  the  empire. 

The  piincipaht)  ot  Oels  is  fandy  and  barren,  divided 
into  four  lircl.  -,  and  ha-  four  towns  t)f  no  importance. 

Th-  ]Tinc!pa'ip,  ot  Sai^an  abound'  with  wooil  and 
iron,  and  contair.  ■  but  one  place  of  any  moIc,  vi/.. 

.S..gan,  near  th  •  Iromiers  o!  l.ulaiia,  remarkable  lor 
an  a'-ii.-v,  a  i\uc:.\  palace,  a  Laitlu  ran  clv.in  h,  -i  Ro- 
man Catholic  ihurcli,  a  college,  and  leveial  iron  and 
co|-)per  miils, 

-The  p.nncipalliv  ot  Munlb  rburp;  i?  verv  moun- 
tainous; notwithllamlinj;  wliiili  it  \  leld-  abundance  of 
gram,  fiax,  lemp,  woixl,  hops,  caide,  (lucp,  K;e.  it 
r-  -v-.atirid  bv  the  .Ncl/  and  Olaw,  and  c-"i'  tins 

iMiinlk-rlmrii,  the  capital,  which  Hands  in  a  truitt'ul 
I'l.iin,  at  the  h-.-.ui  o!  the  river  Olaw,  and  i.ikes  its  name 
liom  a  moi.illi-rv  built  here  by  the  emperor  I  lenn-  I. 
who  1  undcd  the -.  It'  ;  but  has  noth.-.g  reiv.a!  kable, 
c.\i  pt  its  old  c.i.be,  wiiicii  is  a  llroiig  foiti'cls,  the 
iclio  .1,  and  a  han-ilonv-  towndioule. 

Ilenriihau,  onb.  rtmaikallc  tor  a  Cillertian  abbey; 
hranker.itein,   on  the  I'.iulo,   which  contains  a  palace. 


'..-u-,.'.i,   '.vine;  ,  ill  17.-9,  was  burn!  by  il,e  Riifliin' 
S;.'o-|--ii,   al    tr,e  i.-iiilu.x  of  the  S;  rotte' .»;id  B.icr,   i-, 
leii  a'k.u 
it-  vir 

anion  a-.o-iu  .1  11  tloih  manufa.-ton 
call:.  ;  .;nd  Tr.ylla.lt,  r.inarkalile  lor  a  V  .Ille.  a  .  01,'- 
\ent,  a  Liither.in  uid  R'nuui  C  iiliolic  eliiiuh,  a  el  th 
manuta.-.tory.  and  a  mill-none  quar.v,  which  bJ  11^-, 
lolely  to  the  kii.s'^, 

Th-j  priiicip.hi)  ol  .Neyl/.  is  remai kable  fir  it  n..r- 
liiern  diltnct-  being  more  fertile  than  the  louthein. 
In  I-  me  pan-  of  it  i.iba.  co  is  cultivated  ;  ant  it  i-,  \vi- 
teud  by  the  Oluiv,  tin  Nevf/.,  the  Billaw,  and  th.- 
Opp-i.      T'le  i^rincip.il  plicjs  are 


nuat,  two  liiiTilies,  a  Cilienian   a! 


levcral 


oliii'.-',  courts,  i^Ci.  ami  W.uiha,  a  lillie  town  on  the 
.\.y!/,  whieh  i:,i- .1  well  endowcil  p  i-.n. 

Tiie  f.vo  hit  ;-i:;iiip:iliiies  .i,e  th 'le  o!  Tram  hen- 
I  erg  and  Cfolasii,  la.h  >  f  whiili  loniains  two  imon- 
li.ier.ible  town  . 

Tiic  I'-rdlliipoi  W.-.rt  ii;  er-j,  c^.mta'iis  fvb.-  Wart-.'n- 
bc'rg,  a  liiiail  t'w:i,  with  a  pila.c,  a  Rom. in  (.'..iholii', 
Luiheran,  and  L'al'.mill  clivrih. 

The  lordlluji  ot  Miftlh  is  oiih-  r.niarkab'c  for  its 
lari^c  toreds,  which  are  il  e  property  of  the  king;  ami 
lor  one  t  AMI  of  the  li'.mc  name,  which  is  fituated  on 
tlii-Birtl-h,  anil  contain- a  LjUiher.n  and  a  Roman 
C.i;  ;oli.  I  bur  11. 

'I  Ik-  l.irdlliip  of  (■j-.ifili'i;.'.  .s  iurroun'.k-d  l-y  the  prin- 
eiji.fiv  ol  O.l',  .u'd  Cont.iiii!  only  two  itiConlideriUile 
to-vii^. 

I'l'i'i.K  SiLKsi.v  isdivid-d  ml"  lix  princij-abties  and 
"lu  loidlhip,  wlu.h  .ire  i.srolfiw: 

The  I'rimipahtv  oi  Ojipelcn  i-  virv  barr.  n,  am!  bill 
A  I  .ke  .      Tiieo;  1     town  o!  an\  note  is 

Opp'.len,  oil  the  norih  banlx  of  the  Od  r.  It  i-  the 
capiial  ol  (lie  piiiicipahn,  and  loni.iinsa  c.ill.ge,  and 
levei.d  convenl--.  In  ll'eciri  f-  lo  which  11  "ives  iia'iie, 
thtie  is  a  r-.val  :'-uiv.lei\  toi  calling  I  01;  b  . 

I'hc  prim  ipahly  ot  Tropiiau,  watcicd  by  th,  Op'pa, 
is  very  Icriik-,  and  conlams 

Ti-jppau,  on  the  Oppa.  the  lapiial  of  I'pper  Silcha. 
It  ij  a  walkd  ^■J\■:^,  and  contain-  levcral  i  hurch'S.  con- 

\iiiii, 


lAl'IlV. 

:;  the  hilliop  Iia«  a 


wn  nauu',  and  is 
!>:;.  It  i''  \'rit(.TMl 
iiulin;ir\  iiiulfiKC 
r.gc  V'  IJvnn/.  or 

with  t"p;icioii<  fii- 
,  ami  liuilt  ot  Irci'- 

ic  k]\inre'i.  It  is 
itc  li  lull  cl  w.-itfr; 
is  uniiiii  milcil  by 

ill  1  74;,  by  onUr 

lulcil  In  a  llrong 

till-  liouUs  molHy 
ilacf,  till.'  cluirtli, 
giHxi  pates  and 
(!■;  in  a  line  plain, 
^itiil  foil,  bttwcv-n 
irji  in  tlie  loutli- 
TliK  town,  and 
,  by  tlie  ilukcs  i>t 
t  Hi i (law.  It  has 
141:0,  and  I  i49,it 
Inir.o;  lo  that  unlv 
(:Il;i;ic(I.  In  I4;8 
I)uk  ■  William,  cii 

l!li\d  very  iiuRh 

ind  barren,  divided 
ut  no  iir.[iortancc. 

ids  with  wooil  and 

aiiv  'lolc,  v!/. 
ia,  rimarkahlc  for 
an  civiri  li,  a  R"- 

id  Itveial  iron  and 

"2  is  wrv  moiin- 
ifld-  alunilanie  oi 

lie,  lluep,  fvi.      it 

inci  c-vir  lins 

1  ll.uids  in  a  triiitlul 
and  i.ir.cs  its  name 
eiii|«r(>r  Henn-  I. 

>tli,i,o;  reir.aikablc, 

ilro-.i;;  fuitrcl's,  the 

I  Ctllcriian  abbey  ; 
I  I  oiitains  a  palaie, 
i  in  aM  c  ,  k'vcral 
1  tiil'.e  lov. n  im  the 

i.^l  V. 

!\  lie  ut  TiMMi  hcii- 
.eniain-'  two  ir.eifi- 

ra'iis  n-'lv  Warten- 
X  Kor.i.in  (.'..iIioIk', 

ri  niiirkah'c  i;'r  its 
y  of  tlic  kins;;  and 
tiieh  i"-  (ituatcd  on 
i..n  and   a   Roman 

lunvltd  iy  the  prin- 
two  iriCorilidiTabIc 

IX  principal'-ties  and 

trv  ba'v.  n,  and  (i;ll 
)te  IS 

;h;()dr.     It  i- the 
laiiis  a  eoll-gc,  and 
^hieli  It  ;-MVes  iKiMie, 
boiv.h  . 
iteitd  by  the  Oppa, 

tal  of  Llpper  Silcfia. 

vcral  I  liiiich'S,  con- 

vviab. 


ErROl'E. 


KINGDOM     OP      PR  V  S  S  I  A. 


vents  a  coller'c,  a  palaee,  8«.i:.  ar.d  1  lildleliiii,  a  Inial!    | 
lovvn,  v.a'led  and  toi titled. 

'I'lie  prineijiality  of  J.i'^erndorf,  i  likewile  leriil. , 
an  1  eoiit.iiir  ti\eral  mineral  Iprin;.','*.  The  prineipal 
lov.  11  'S 

[.jV  rndni;',  which  takes  its  name  lioni  the  j^reai 
number  of  iuintlinen  that  formerly  lived  in  it,  there 
I  e.ii  •,  pi.  I  IV  '  t  '^ime  ill  the  iiei:;liboiiiinp  w.iods.  It 
i,  tailed,  b\  Litm  authors,  Cornovienlr,  from  it .  arms, 
Wiiiili  a:e  a  pa;r  oiliorns  betwixt  two  lliine'.;and  w^'e 
j;i\eii  l.y  Lewis,  kin;;  ol  Iliingar\  and  Uoiiemia,  to 
(jeor^e,  mar.uiis  of  Brandenlniij',,  wiio  built  a  e.ilLc, 
and  other  fortilieatii 'IIS,  to  del'  lul  iheiown;  .ind  ihoiii^h 
(hlpnllelied  ot  it  by  the  civil  war.  in  (iermany,  kept 
lip  his  1 1  .im  t  1  it  till  the  eiiip-ror  pave  hiili  the  eirile 
ot  Sch-.vihiis,  111  LuwerSilclia,  tor  an  eiiiiivalcnt.  From 
lu'iiee  the  king  of  I'riilTi.i  f'  rmeil  lh:il  elaiin  v.iiith  uas 
a  pii  icni  e  lor  his  inv.Klmg  Silelia. 

'J'h.-  prim  ipiliiv  of  Raiilior  ha  a  loil  tolerably  ter- 
tiK-  in  i-in  and  pilbirc,  and  alviumb  in  hikes,  pond-, 
llreaiiis,  ive.  It  forms  a  eir.  le,  tlie  inhabitam.s  ot 
which  are  I'oles,  or  dtfecnd.mts  ol  I'ules  iind  the 
i.i.h  plaee  w.iiili  iiaiiiin;  is  Rilillio,-  on  the  Oder,  ■ 
wmhIi  lunt.eii  le\\r.il  loiuvnt^.i  jialaee,  u  briilije 
over  i!u-  r.ver,  <\c. 

Ti-.v  p:iiu;pal:iv  of  Teleh.ai  i-  lull  ol  l.;kes,  nioers, 

V I  lain,   f\e.       I'he    i.nl\     pl.iee    woith    namiii;',    is 

'r.leh    1.  a   willed  ti.wn,    wiili   apaLuc,  a  Lutiieran 
aud  lloma:.  C.ithoiie  ihiuch,  .1  cllcge,  and  two  ion-  ' 
\er,l-. 

Th-  piintipalily  of  IViliiz  i^  tol.rahly  fertile,  but 
c  .n; mis  nophuc  worlliv  of  olvervaiion. 

'I  l:e  lordlhip  o|  Plels  e.intai;is  only 

1'!.  s,  a  fnnll  I  .!v,  niir  the  ri\er  Weillel,  with  the 
tiile  of  abaro;i\-.  It  is  w\ll  deLnded  liy  its  rivei'-  and 
marilie',  and  h.i-  a  lare.'  e.illle,  whiih  is  laid  to  have  , 
a>  niaiiv  ui;'d  "v-  as  ih.ie  are  day--  in  iIk  rear,  :ind 
It.iiuN  in  a  <j,ieat  Icjuire,  eneomp;itred  by  hindome 
hoiife-,  iiihal''ied  b\  mercliaius.  Tin-  Roman  C.itho- 
iie-have  a  ehureh  here,  and  tiie  LiitheiMn^,  who  ar^ 
th,-  maiority,  ;UMiher. 

I'l.ii  pint  o:'l\.laiid  whieh,  in  the  partition,  wa.  al- 
I  ti  d  to  th  -n  inareh  of  Pnilha,  has  been  .ilreadv  i!e- 
I.  r  Old  Ml  oui  .leeouiit  of  ihe  farmer  iinh.ippy  kingdom, 
imd-:  ihe  till,     f /V///j  I'mff.i. 

Mii:.'>y  J-'orcts,  K.viiii<i:<,  iiTc  ,■/  I'l  iij/ui. 

Tl  lb,  iiobi'''ty  arc,  in  I'cneral,  defeindcd  from  the 
.meicr.i   (i.rninns;  but    the   pe,\l.intry  are  ot   a 
n.rxed  bienl,  and  eitl  er  v  ill'il    to  the  kiii<!;  or  nobks. 

'I'iie  iiKiiM :!'  >  ■  i.ie-  ot  rin;'li  i  ,ir.'  d.  ;l\  advanein^  ami 
i'"p:-i\ini;,  r  •  iic'.i!.ir!\  iliofe  o'  lilk,  linui,  clodi, 
1  ami  1,1-,  e  ■,  iron,  eepper,  p. .per,  i.'.uupowd.  r, 
I  r:',  ;'-,e. 

d'hc  km:;  01  I'liiflii's  ii'.lc  runs  tlm- :  Frederiek 
W  Ih.'M.  km-'  1)1  I'ruhi.i,  man  rave  of  Hraiiduilar^. 
o'  r;e  1  1  .ly  Roman  empne;  areh-chamberlaiii  and 
el  etor,  Kivcreianand  liipr.ir.e  duke  ot  Sileli.i;  lov. - 
r'.i_.;a  juiii  e  ol  Or.m".-,  NesHelntel,  ai-.d  \  al  iv.'.in,  oi 
tl,.~  eou.ilv  i!  (  d.l/.dikle!  ,  Mai;dcliUr;j;,  Cicves,  Ju- 
lie:-,  I',, •I;,  "-it  tin.  1'. Mil  lar,'.  i.ilie  Caliiibi,  and  Wends, 
M  eLLiil.u'.',,  a:;  1  Crollen;  duke  lair;;rave  o!  Nu- 
rembii!'L.'4  lai; 'e  ol  f l.ilii  il'iadi,  Mrideii,  Cimin, 
Weiiden,  Shwerin.  Rui/elnirp;.  f'.alt  brielland,  and 
IMcur- ;  teirii  01  1!  h  ;  lie  a,  '!'•.  ekiLnbui  g,  Liiigen, 
IJi.rea.  and  L\;darii;  lo'd  o:'  Ravenlbiii,  ive.  '*^e.  ,| 
As  an  cKeV.r  he  polielles  ih  ■  liventh  plate;  as  ai\h- 
.  him'erl.  in  earres  ill  ■  1.  ej-ter  I 'e  or;  tlie  emperor  at 
ills  I  oreiia  loii;  and  iiouetler.  live  voiees  in  the  college 
of  prim 1  the  empire. 

The  loval  arm-  aie  at'' -at,  an  ea' 


lip 


trov,  n. 


Or,  tor  I'iull 


A.^ 


p'ayi 


lable, 


the  imp  rial  f.epir. 


is  of  the  lever.d 


tub 


cf  to   ihe   I'lulii 


crown. 


1 


It  number  of  troops  in  the   pay  ol  the 


727 
He  has  a 


I'lufi'i.i  is  giiier.illy  computed  at  120, roo, 
liody  t)t  .So  li|iiadron^  ol  htidars,  each  of  1  ;o  m,  n 
\oiiihliil,  tonitb,  and  well  propoitioned,  eollt.led  by 
emillaiMes  dilpeileiltiiioughout  Kuiope,  and  at  any  ex- 
pi  n  e. 

■|  heanii'  of  the  Imliitrs  are  a  hght  miiflvct  and  fibre, 
both  whkh  are  kept  in  .admita  le  order.  Their  clo.ith' 
iiig  IS  ut  co.aile  rtd  cloth,  mad.  clo,e  to  their  bodies, 
and  ltren;.;thcn  d  at  the  elbow,  by  \.  at  her  in  th  •  lliape 
of  a  heart.  Th  ir  breetlus  are  of  .veil  dtell'ed  llitep- 
(kins;  then  boots  lliori  .and  lii;hi,  bu  rj-e  lok  of  lucni 
diirabi  ;  and  t!;eir  caps  are  llitngihened  in  the  ordi- 
nary, fo  as  to  ilanda  tut.  Tlievare  the  only  d  romi- 
naii«  n  ot  foldirs  in  the  Frufliiii  luvice  who  have  no 
ehapliin.  Ikiide>  the  hiiliais,  the  king  h  .s  a  fniall 
body  ot  nun  whom  they  call  hunters,  wh  1  are  reputed 
the  m-'il  fiiditul  courier!!  in  the  aitnv,  and  olhiitinvs 
haveb.en  promotal  lor  then  fideiiiy  in  h.azirdousinter- 
piizes.  WIkii  thele  huiiier  are  iak>  n  inlone.'s,  no 
i.|Uaiier  is  giaiittd  on  either  tide. 

11".  I'rulh.m  1. .Idlers,  in  geii.ial,  are  rcmarka'de  for 
iln.il  veiy  Ihort  tloathing,  which  is  obvioullv  laleu- 
lited  lor  ir.apy  wile  eiuls. 

The  king'-  guard',  and  ibme  few  other  rei»inients, 
■are  tlo.uhcd  aimiially;  but,  in  general,  the  an- y  has 
new  r(.i',i menials  iwieeia  three  years  onlv.  I-icdc- 
ruk  II.  r,  iiiiiicd  the  foklieiy  to  wear  while  Ipatter- 
dalnes,  wintir  and  fuiiimi.i ;  i  ut  hi^  lueieliiir,  the  Lite 
king,  oblerviii;;  the  inconveiiienee,  .as  well  as  incle- 
ganic,  ol  ,t,  gave  iii- men  bla  k  fir  the  winter,  made 
ol  tiill.ar,  or  a  thick  kind  of  linen  cl  nli.  Tlic  fol- 
ilitrs  l.ave  alio  breathes  of  woolf.-n  cloiii  in  thi-  f.alon  ; 
wi.eiias  in  fiaiimer  tlkv  are  of  wl.ite  dimitv  or  linen, 
w!  ithare  vuy  light  and  clean.  They  oblcrve  an  uni- 
foni.itv  about  then  heads,  by  wearini;  pig-tails,  which 
ue  eiilily  kept  in  repair;  and  are  generally  powdered, 
bi.t  always  lo  wlun  on  d.iity. 

Their  arm-,  are  reputed  the  largell  and  m  .11  weis;i|y 
efai'.y  in  Europe;  though  lonii.  v>f  the  lu/ileer, '"\vhu 
are  fmaHer  b.  died  mai,  have  their  arms  projiortioned. 
N,  t'.Mthll.inding  the  grcai  e.eight  of  their  arms,  the 
ie.ctic  an  IS  larrkd  i;ere  to  the  h.gliLil  per  eeiion;  and 
nothing  can  give  more  pbaluie  to  ih  le  who  have  any 
id.aol  I  arn.ony  ot  this  fort  ot  moli  n,  tliui  the  exer- 
>  ile  ol  tl'.e  I'lullun  loidiers  wlii.litli.v  go  tlirouoh 
twieead.iv.  \V  hen  th. we  .ther  i  bad  t  is  jierloriiied 
under  cover,  lor  which  proper  pl.ic  s  ai .  appoint.d. 
I'ne  leail  motion  of  the  leaJ,  noi  aicordino  to  an,  is 
corivtt.d;  lo  that  a  loldier  in  tf  is  fcrvice  mutf  apply 
ililig'.  1,'lv  to  his  duty  or  lu  will  p.'.is  hi.^  tune 
verv  ill. 

Twithitds  of  the  army,  according  to  their  efldililli- 
meiit.  111  aild  Iv  compo.d  ol  fore.^^n  'is;  luid  this  r 'a- 
toii.  .\-  .■..  '  .is  ihe  Im.ill  numhcr  of  mhabiiaiu-  m  the 
I'.miian  d  nu:n  n  ,  iLndei.->  it  bviou  how  dillicult  it 
mult  beiore  run  an  a  m\  :  to  ihaLl-owev.r  f  rmuhible 
die  111  iiaieli  iiuie  appear,  if  we  con.idethis  touiitiy  .is 
ii  lie  pi. Ill, ail  in  re!  uo.es  ol  w-mIiIi  a;  of  tn;.al)it.iiits, 
that  li.eiiglh  mi.il  be  d^ciiied  aitiiieial,  in  lor.ie  mea- 
luie,  whiwi  has  lo  grait  a  connection  with  toreign  de- 
p.  ndencK"-. 

Ttie  pay  oi  a  common  I'.ufirm  loklicr  i-,  eight  groch 
(touri'.en-penee)  ii  \\eik,  an. I  of  thi  tliree-pence  is 
iiippoled  lo  g  1  in  w.illi  ,'._,  :ind  m. it.  1  lab  for  i  leaning 
ill,  ir  arms  toi  v.liuhihex  are  lii  mueli  dilliiiguiihetl ; 
In:'  they  :ire  allo.ved  bfe  d. 

I'he  royal  revenue  ariles  from  th.'  piodiice  of  the 
e;^el  e,  iiilioiii  ,  lervices,  and  various  ta.x  s,  which, 
111  I'll, liia,  are  luimer  his  andheavv.  Th  ■  domin  oas 
.lewill  lituatdby  ii.uure  hir  tr.id.-;  ■.>.<h\  the  .-.ciiiii- 
iu  ioim  1  the  m  uilime   erriones,  obtain. d    hv  tiie    I  ,ie 


ill  hive  grea. I',-   inereafed 


ine    ie\enu. 


Or,  tor  Coiirl.ind.     To  th.  le  .ue  added  the  relneeiive 


■idd. 


1 


t,)  llie  Ulffllll 


tiie  e. 


1 1  1  .S  '1.'  O  R  Y 


wii  of  Pru'i'a. 

p  R  l:  S  .s  I  A. 


I  1  I',  anci  nt  I  lilloiy  ot  Pnalia.  h!e  that  ofotlna' 
in.;doms.isciivel  'ped  .n  ihc  .na-.cs  ot  i.oni.ctute 


aiK.  licliuii.     The  n.ime  o,  P 


r.iinaii  w.ts 


unknown  ti 
the 


1 


ti 


I  '.,' 


:*K 


■t-4i 


m 


23        A  NVAV,  ROYAI.  ano  AI'TFTI'NTIC  SYSTPM  or   r\!\rRs.\i.  <;r(V  .RAriTV. 


1! 


hi 


i:.r  I 


ihf  lentil  ttntiiiv,  aiul  its  i  tMUoldi'.v  is  v.  iv  uin 'i  tarn. 
Tlicoii'.'.ili.il  iiili.iliil.Uils  .ire  liipp 'Uil  t''  li.u.'  ImiivK- 
liiiuliil  troiu  tlu  Scl.ivoni.iii^  ami  .i;i]  c.ii  to  li;i\ ;  Ikiii 
4  .ii.ivi-  .iiul  w.iiliki-  piM|ili',  as  ilay  rctulul  to  liitimit 
to  the  iK-i<;!ilniiiriiii.' iiiiu(-.  ulio.oii  vaiimis  pii'ti  ikvs, 
JtUMnjital  to  raliiic  tluiii  to  llivirv.  Iti  |>utKiilar, 
Ukv  niadf  a  n.i'lc  llaiul  a;:.iiiill  ilickiiij:,s  i.l  l'o!aiiil ; 
.i!nl,  in  tlic  year  i  i(\^  tlic  I'.ililh  iivmauh,  lijltllaiis 
l\'.  u.'.s  liy  tlu  111  Ji'liati'd  aii'l  ll  lin. 

Tluy  rimaiiud  I'a'^an-  in  opinion,  ai.il  iiuk'ptn'.iiu 
in  iiniiinllinu-,  till  tin- tinu'  oi  tlu-  iruiailcs,  uli.n 
till-  Cietniaii  knisiliis  ol  the  'IVutonic  onUT,  about  tlu' 
year  12^:',  aiiftiipial  to  tonvcii  them  in'  Iciur  ^t 
amis,  ijfwral  hlooil\  wars  inlucd.  m  which  tlu-  in- 
habitants ot  I'ruliia  ^mtc  ahnoll  (.Atirpated  b\  the  /■-■a- 
lous  Tuiv  ot  tlk-  Teutonic  kni.;hts;  and  the  latt.r  h.iv- 
inu  rava[;cd  ihe  counirv  v  iih  intr.diblc  liarbaiity,  at- 
tempted to  re- people  it  wiili  (lermaii  . 

111146^1  a  treat \  \\a^  cnteretl  into  Ixtween  ('afimir 
IV.  kini;  I't  Po'.md,  and  the  ■reutnnic  knij;lits,  in 
uIkcIi  It  w.is  .liTtetl,  that  the  counirv  now  call.d  !'■  'nili 
I'lullia,  lliould  continue  a  tree  province  under  the  pr.i- 
te.'lion  ol  t!ie  kini!,  and  that  thv  kni;;'its  lhoi'!d  p  li. I- 
tiie  remainin;.'.  part,  on  C'.;nditio:i  01  acknovsl.dj;!!;^; 
themlelves  valiaN  to  I'oland.  This  treat\  v,3',  luiwe- 
ver,  loon  broken.  Anotlier  t'eries  ot  bloodv  w.t:  ^  en- 
fued,  and  the  knights  attempted  to  bicom,-  niijiir.n- 
dent  ot  the  I'oles,  but  their  attempt-  proved  abortive. 

In  i^:;  -Albert,  iiuri'javc  ot  15iandeii'ourt^,  atui  the 
lall  grand  mailer  oi  the  'I'eutonii  orvlei-,  Li.d  aluh  li.e 
habit  ot  his  order,  embr.;ced  Luther. iiulm,  and  loii- 
cluded  a  pea^e,  and  entered  into  aireaty  at  Cracov.,  in 
which  It  w.is  llipulated  that  the  mari>ra\e  lliould  beac- 
kno'.vkilged  duke  ot  the  e.itl  part  oi  I'rullia  (which  on 
that  account  was  lormerlv  i  died,  nuc;d  I'luli'ia)  lu.i 
Hill  it  was  to  rem  .asatietot  I'olicd.  in  iln man- 
ner the  rovereie,nt\  of  ilic  Teutonic  order  eiuied  in 
Pnitlia.  alter  it  h.id  lublillcd  near  v"^  years. 

Inthe\ear  i'-i;7,the  elector  iTeiieritk  W  illiair.,  '..i 
Braiulenl'ur'j.  (urnametl  tiieCreat,  liad  Dmal  Fruli.a 
confirnu-d  tul-.ini  ;  and,  In  the  convention-  ot  \\  elau 
ami  Br.jmbiry;,  it  was  freed  If  iin  iis  v.itlaip.jc  to  I'o- 
land ;  ani.1  Calimir,  kint;  ot  1' 'land,  ..cknov.  Udged  its 
indcpemiency.  1  he  late  kiiif;  ol  I'liilii.i,  lu  hs  me- 
moirs of  the  houl'e  ot  BrainlenburiT,  llns,  tint  th.i.s  i'Ve- 
derick  Williair.  began  hhreign  luvierthe  ir.olldefptrate 
circuiulLincts.  "  He  was  (I'us  he)  a  piiiiee  without 
territorie.-,  .in  elector  without  pouei,  a  luicelibr  willi- 
oiit  inhentame,  and  ni'.l  in  the  !i  nv.  i'  o,  his  voulh  ;  an 
nj^e  which,  expiilid  to  ihcM'.aiit  oi  p.iliioi  -,.  rtiideis 
niaiikind  ahr.oll  imapable  ot  diie  i.'.i;  Vvt  h.  gave 
mark- ot  the  moll  con'.umm.ite   wild..;;,  aivl   otiverv 


ih.it  lould  raid.cr 


iini   W' 


I. 


.Hi 
.CC.  I 


nini.'.:)'.!. 
di  .;>l\. 
d    I'V    Irs 


vittue 

Till-  I'ie.lt  ptince  dial  A;';ll  :■  ,  I 
lo.  .iirick  \\'iluanulK  (i:,  at  w,; 
i./n  1  .cderiik,  wliowa-  .iIm  i  ,\.,ids  tlie  lirli  king  ot 
t'lui'la.  Tlii- great  tr.ular  a!;.  :ai.',n  was  chiclh  nwiiig 
tu  the  iiilkieiue  ut  tl.v  I'r'Uviiant  p.W'j'.s;  tor  as  theri- 
tor.iicvl  religion  hail  b.en  intr'  liuieil  into  tins  cmintry 
bv  the  niaryrave  Albert,  and  the  elcvior-  u  re  ut  ih.it 
perluafion,  ihc  Protellant  intereil  u.ts  iilkIc  ulv  ol  \" 
raUe  Frev.;,u.k  to  the  dignitv  ot  a  l.inj.,  wi.icn  w.e  it- 
fteted  in  17.  1  ;  and  he  wis  aciordinvi'iy  Iwoh  a'  kn  ^a  - 
lcd_Led  .0  luih,  ii'tonK  by  the  empire  (.il  (i!-iiiiauy, 
bai  iiv  ,di  die  other  powvr'  ot  l''.uro|)e.  II:'  giaiidlon, 
Frederiik  111.  l..:e  kin'',  of  ['ruffia,  in  tli'- iirmoiii  of 
his  tair.ily,  g;v.-  no  very  favouiabi.-  jiicturi  of  ilic  vir- 
tues, or  high  opinion  of  the  aluiiii.' ,  ot  lln  pimce. 
He,  howewi.  Ipeiks  \variiil\  in  pi.iile  ol  his  uwii  hi- 
ther, I-'iedeiii^h^  Willian',  wlm  lu  ^e.ded  Imluiek  1. 
kingot  PrulFia,  i:i  the  ve.ir  171J.  Th;-.  priii.  e  1  .i- 
tainiy  had  great  tal.nt  ,  and  uii..onim.jii  i.Miiia!^'.  ;  but 
he  too  fre^iuemly  exerted  both  at  the  exper.cj  ot  tlua 
magnanimity  and  humanity  wIulIi  iv..i  ought  to  adorn 
a  iiion.irch.  He  anialled  fo  mu  h  m  m..  y  during  his 
teign,  that,  at  his  ilcatli,  whidi  I  apj.entd  in  1742,  he 
IS  laid  to  have  lett  behind  hini  tlic  en.;riiioui  I'uiji  ot 
y.ooo.ooal.  ll.erlijig,  a  creal'ure  which   jnabled  ins  late 


lo'i  ai'l  fiKcvli -r  to  pu.l'iic  th  ■  i.mii  imp  irtiint  plans ; 
.uid  whicii,  lomed  to  hi  la.-u. 'i\,  >  outage,  an. I  great 
militiry  laleiits.  r.til'il  In, 11  10  tlr.  itmoll  io;.lec,uenee 
in  tl'.e  poliiif..!  Il.de  of  l'.ut>.pe. 

iMfilerik  III.  began  Ins  lei'.'n  janiiaiv  ^t,  ill  the* 
vear  1740.  Ni  thi'^g  rem.tikable  ot  hi .  carl\  vears  has 
be.n  tiaiiliiiittcd  to  us,  exupt  that  hi  had  then  a  t.alle 
tor  litcr.itiire  and  the  poiit.-  .ins,  .iiul  llicved  a  p.irtieii- 
lar  I'afiioii  lor  tine  lucidia,'  ami  del'iu  v  ot  manners, 
in  cppoiiiMii  to  the  iiu  leg  till  cuilom<  th.ii  prevailed  in 
his  t  i;her's  ciiurt.  In  paiiu  uir,  h:*  tailur  w. is  fond  ot 
ilrinking  I  I  exi  els.  ;i  viicwliich  the  fon  abi  niinaiei!. 
Till-,  anvl  other  correlpond.nt  ciriumtlanic.,  .it  length 
ilctermu'.ed  liiiii  to  have  hi-  tair.er  in  1  Icuct  manner, 
and,  .is  u  I-.  oenerallv  b.Ueveil,  to  leiire  to  the  court  of 
JMij^laad,  where  he  propoled  to  live  iindu  the  protec- 
tion ot  h,s  tini  le  (king  (icorgc  II.)  till  cither  the  death 
I't  li's  l.ithir,  or  I'  me  other  occiiirence,  Ibou.d  remove 
the  dilhciiltie-  to  his  return.  W'li  iiev.r  the  d.clign  was, 
it  is  lertain  iliatlu  ha. I  concert. d  it  witli  a  young  oilier 
ol  ihe  gens  d'unies,  ii.inu'l  K.iti -,  .x.d  two  other-. 
The  tceiit,  ho.eever,  was  iliilovercd  ;  and  the  piiiice, 
K.ittc,  .uii!  one  ot  tiie  otticeis  w\  r.  fei/.ed  ;  but  ihe 
other  tortiai.uel'.  ma''e  his  e'.i.i)e.  A  iduneil  of  war 
w.i  ai'poiiiied  I  )  enc,u.:v  ii'-llu  ..lultioi  of  ihileoHi- 
cer  ,  which  aller.tblcvl  at  Kopp, niih.  One  01  tluin 
w.i.  calhiered,  and  londetuneil  to  thne  veais*  imi  rilon- 
nient ;  another,  lia\  ing  leiired  10  a  foreign  country, 
was  iHitla\Vi.d  ;  but  with  r.u'iil  to  youn;-  K.itte,  the 
vol.s  were  e'j'idU  ilivivled  ;  one  hal;  ot  hi-  tudges 
were  tor  linding  hini  gtiUy  oi  de.ith,  and  the  oilier 
halt  were  t  raci|Uitting  huii  ;  fo  that  they  were  o'.ligcil 
to  Lave  tiie  dc  ;'.:cn  ol  11  to  the  king.  The  atlair  be- 
ing at  this  criii  ,  'oung  K.atte  wtoica  pathetic  epilllc 
to  the  kiii^,  imploring  his  cleme.u  v,  l^it  in  \a:n  ;  toi 
the  king  ordereii  htm  t->  bi:  beheaded.  S,  viral  [v  rliins 
ot  diliinction  interelled  themlelvi  s  in  hi-  taie,  and  tried 
to  uve  i.iiii.  The  king,  however,  reiiuiii'.e  1  ine.soiable, 
and  tiie  iini'.app",  Ka.ie  w.i  b.  hi.uled.  Tile  prince, 
wh.i  had  tieen  leiuud,  w  i-  loon  atierward-  let  at  li- 
berie; luit,  that  he  n-A'.'J-'-.  ieel  the  power  o,'  a  king 
and  latiier  iti  its  utniol't  ngoar,  u.  was,  r.p,..i:.'L  his  will, 
maineel  lu  the  prineels  lu;zabtth  Chriliiiia,  ol  Uiiinl- 
wiek  \Vollt.n''Uttle.  He  lild  not,  iniieed,  1  pp.ile  the 
lumm.'.n.is  ot  i.istathe:,  bui  fi.btii.liiv^lv  111. tilled  the 
[.Kiicls,  but  witioai  pi.e.lliag  >  iilier  ille  n  or  .illec- 
tioii  fir  her;  and  conlidering  the  i  l.iini  o:  j),uenl.il  at- 
leciioa  as  li.lly  l.iti  lied  b\  the  exiein.ilc  le.iK  in.  he 
abllained.  duiingihe  lite  of  h's  lather,  hoai  h.r  bed. 
1  lull  ie.lude  !  troiii  piitiiic  buimcl  ,  in  coiitcntion  with 
his  iather.  in  ai;en;Uioii  tr.>m  h,-  .;iie,  his  waolc  l-ime 
wa-  loeni  III  iiii.;.i:v  aci;uiii.ioio  .tnd  iile  ul  ij'cculation-. 
Alter  the  ile.iti:  oi  hi-  :aiiier  it.  di.l  .111  act  ot  luiiiieto 
hi-  priacvf-,  y  r.ce.v.;ig  !ier  .i-  ias  v,i;c,  aid  aknoa- 
ledgmg  her  .0  '10  ii'ic  a  b.  oie  las  w-ole  conn.  Wall 
I  leP.i.ct  to  the  -..ars  m  wlii>li  he  it.s  been  ea".ig.  d,  ihey 
I  are  lo  conne'ied  witii  tac  politicil  ill'ti.s  o!  mixi  c.un- 
1  trie  .   tii.i!  «e   ih.dl  detei    a    naiiiMve    ot  t'l.  in  til  v.a 

proceil  to  our  gtn  rai  hillorv  vit  (ierniaiv. 
I  I'lii-  uiKPuai.d  ni'iiM'.i  It  liiipMwil  till  ri-otpeac-, 
as  we'll  .is  t.ucc  01  \..v.  and  dnli  i_ailli:d  iiantJt  as  a 
pi.et,  piiiiolcr  art,  an.i  'e>_i!l  Uor.  In  1  -jiil  he  e.vpended 
all  la'itii'  .lie  ,■..111  li-.  lK  ibla'iuii  ;  t.u't  tn'.  I't!'. ling  i  olo- 
iiic  ,  reii.-v.-i  ..!'.il:,i-.  .'..-id  other  l.U!<!a  1  e  purpof  s, 
w'au'a  evii.ee.i  .  o-.iitnnii  Ue  |.i' il.iruluop'v ,  a-  v>ell  as 
hai.il  po'.i- '  .  He  palii  the  d  bt  '.d  li.iM.-  ,  Aujiill 
1711.  i7,-ji.  ai  liie  -ifh  \e.ir  Of  ll! .  .;;:■■;  aa>l  eas  oi, - 
le.ii^/i  i,a  the  titi-iiie  '-'^  Ins  n  piici",  brederic^  W'd- 
1  iiai,  ^1  11  ■  f  his  d  eca:e-l  i'loil.e.,  Willi. an  /\u;',i.illus,) 
a  |i.i;.c.'  v.ai  leeais  to  I.  ive  laibiOcd  li'C  polilici! 
Laiel-.  air.l  tu  iiilKril  ihe  m.irl;,il  proverb  oi  hi.s  n;.- 
I'r.acd  pi\  ieeedijr.  the  l.itier  'I  wMca  wis  cnlpii  .101. , 
mill.  Il.cnuoas  e.xerii  aflo  vlmJiC '.te  the  iiiui..u('.i. 
lilt'.'  ot  his  royal  liiler  il'irir.e'  lli._  late  commotions  .a 
H  ill.ar.l.  Fiom  tilts  itii.l  1  l!;er  coidideratioas,  tin  :■■■ 
isrealoii  to  antieip.iLe  tfiC  'd  .;.  .  ■  t  hi ,  re. _.';.,  ..'ai.  a 
pioiuiles  well  to  ll,)  lulvii.i,  in  paitii  al.U",  as  w  a 
the  pjluicul  hiUm  ul  Lu!  .i[ic  in  eeneral. 

CHAi'. 


i^  iRArnv. 

I'll;  iilnvirt;int  pl.ltl'.  ; 
,  nnirai;c',  an. I  i!,riai 
I  iiuiioll  lur.laiiiciKc 

I  I:imi:iiv  ji,  in  till" 
lit  lir.  t  arl\  v^.■ar^  lia-; 
i.\t  hi  liail  tlic  II  a  talU- 
aiul  ihcwcil  a  |).uticii. 
(Ivliuuv  <'t  iiKiniur^, 
loiU'  til. II  [irkvaiki!  in 
,  li!»  t.lllKT  w.istoiid  el 
ihc  Urn  aiHiiiin.itii!. 
Miinllaiui'.,  at  Uni'.tli 
ci  in  .1  Icuct  mamur, 

(1  ll-IU'l.'  to  tlu-  lOUIt  ol 

live  un-la  the  proU'c- 
I.)  till  litliu  tlic  ik'Utli 
rrtnce,  iKou'.il  rthovi' 
nicv.r  ilic  tklii'.n  was 
It  Willi  a  voiinj^uliitM" 
III'.',  .•.:-,'l  f.\i)  other-, 
crul  ;  ai.il  iIk-  piiiu  c, 
wcr.'    lii/cii  i   Imt   ihu 

C.        A    IdUIKll  I't   WlV 

.  • .  luUi'."!  lit  till.  Ii'  orti- 
,  nich,  Oiu  111  lluin 
1  lluii.'  1  L-:\\<  iiu;  lilmi- 
U)  a  forii<!,ii  iiuintiy, 
to  youil;;  katti-,  thi- 
ni.'  lial:  ut  hi^  ualgi.'^ 
ili-ath,  and  iIk  oilier 
that  llu-y  \Vi.iv.-  nMii;c\l 
kinu,.  'I'lii;  allair  1  >•- 
r'loic  a  patlatic  cpitlic 
CiK  V)  but  ill  \a,n  ;  toi 
atli-il.  S.  vtral  [1.  il()n'; 
is  in  hi-  taif,  ami  tviiil 
,  rciiiaii'.c-i  iiicsoralilc, 
iuaiiftl.  Till-  prince, 
1  atifiward-  lln  at  li- 
.1  the  powvT  11,'  a  kintr 
1,  waf,  ,-.g,ii:.'l.  liU  will, 
h  Chril'iiiia,  ol  IJiiinl- 
)t,  in',i.-f'!,  <  i/|i.i!c  the 
Imiiliivv  Iv  iiiai  iictl  the 
..  il'ii^T  I  !'ic  a  or  .ilVc-i.'- 
c  I  i.iini  o;  ji.'.icni.il  .il- 
1.  xicin.il  f  iLMi'  n\ ,  1k' 
iatluT,  hoiii  li. .  IjCiI. 
ii.(  ,  ill  I  oiutiiiion  With 
^  .\'u\\  hi-,  wiiolc  t^nK• 
aiul  ull'Ail  Ij-iLHilation-. 
di.l  .111  act  ol  iiniuc  to 


lis  WIU'. 


■nd  a 


Lima  ■ 


11-,  w''iilc  Loiin.  W  ill 
IS  Iktii  c;i".u;  d,  liioy 
il  ill'ii.s  111  Hi;. CI  O'liii- 
:i  i:  ivc.    (!.'  t'u  la  i.ll  v.i 

.i>,  .d  I  hi  :i'  of  peat-  ■, 
1  i.uillud  Inniillt  a-  a 
.  Ill  I  -/ui  he  txpciulcd 
taJt-  111.' .  (irt'.'iiiij,  tolo- 
iLT  l.uu!:i  I  c    purpof  s, 

i!.i;u'.iu;p\ .  a-  Uv-.i  as 
I  'l.r  ot  ii.itii.'  ,  Aiij.iiiL 
I  111,  -i::'-;  ail. I  v  as  lU,  - 
[)lic.v,  I'lxuLricis  Wil- 
i;.,  W'llh.iiii  .Aui^ullus,) 

iinl)'iiii.d  l''-i:  |io!llit.ll 
i.ll  pro'.,-., Is  ol  hi.s  Lii.- 
wMc'i  v.is  t"iil[iii:.ioi. . 

rilC  itC    the     1I1U1..U    ill.  - 

hv  iati-  C'lmmouoiij  .ii 
i-i-  utiiilid'.riUii";':,  li'  :■• 

!,  ,    it'  hi .    fC,,_\ll,    V.i|i.ll 

1  pauii  ular,  as  wi       a  > 
u  tii'nural. 
^       '         ClIAl'. 


>*">; 


i!ll 


'^■■il 


Ih'.- 


,?« 


[     7^9    ] 


M 


C     II     A     P.         IX. 
GERM    A    N        E    iM    P    I    R    E. 


h.it  .iboiiiiJ  wicd 
r.in.  In  o:li(r 
ciri:  r,  r!:rre  .uf 


S  E  C  T  I  ()  N     I. 

A'/fV',  r>o<in(Ur:r\,  S:ti'tit  'if,  E'-f>:>,  Stil,  Cli)r<ilr  ;  Prr- 
dini  I'll-,  l'if;<tit/>!t-,  A.uvuil,  dud  M'.iindl ;  A'( !■''>,  c/r. 

'■P'Ht''.  an;  lent  Grrtii.ins  wcnr  unJrr  ililVt  ront  appi-i- 
-l  liti'ins,  .1^  AllciiiJiini,  Tcutom-h,  C'ici.'.  wliiih  Ull 
is  l.liJ  to  Ji.ivr  hrcn  tlirir  mull  ,i.uii]li'.-  ili'fliV'-'tKi'l. 
'I'Ik*  (irriTi  ms  th'mlclv«-"i,  call  tlirir  i  cuntry  l  tun  li- 
l.ini!.  (ii'i:  (..\rf  nt' moili-rn  lii'rnvMiv  lav  in  ancient 
(iaul;  .1  I  ihi'  word  (ii'iniiiy  \>  ol  iili  It  bur  in  >  Urn. 
'I'lic  w\<<'.\  \vub:\h\f  ojiin'on  rrrj-f''lin[5  tlii'  dtri'  -tioii  of 
it  is,  tiiat  ir  is  tMivpoi'  air. I  of  Lii ,  or  (/'.;>,  ami  Man, 
wliicli,  ID  thp  anciuic  C'ciLii:,  ligniiits  a  warlike  man. 

This  fxtinilvi-  empire  is  boim  inl  by  tlir  (jcrman 
Ocean,  and  ihi-  Haliic-,  rjn  tlie  nfrrii ;  by  Swit/ttlanvl, 
anil  tlie  .\lp.'<,  on  the  I  iin.'ii  by  P')lanil,  and  Hoiiniiia, 
on  til'.- eall  ,  and  by  I  ranrr,  anvl  tlic  l.o>'  C'ountric.i, 
or  Netlw  iland-,  on  llie  welJ.  It  lies  between  45  and 
55  Jt'jrees  ot  nort'i  l.iti"'.!e,  and  5  and  ly  de^^rtes  of 
call  Ijn^jitjJc.  lt,>  Icnj'.h  is  boo,  and  breadth  50J 
miles. 

j'lu-  liiil  of  tliis  cf  iititry  is  cxceediin  fniitfni,  parti- 
C'll.iily  oi'  tlie  banks  <,.'  tlic  liiiine  and  the  Danube, 
where  !  ■■  air  is  ie;r.;'e'.Ke ;  but  in  the  northern 
jj.irfi  it  i>  (    i ),  and  the  ^iroiinJ  leli.  (riatfid.     In  tholi 

jir  ivmces  that  lie  nevr  tl'.e  fet,  nin 

lakes  and  rivers,  thepj  i^  j  i>.iuy 
jiarts,  where  ti.e  lur;':!.'  rS  Cm-  erri 
liiMu-iimes  conliileraDi--  iii-)  i.;l.ts.  i'l-.e  nordi  win.l.s 
fr,):ii  the  IJ.diic,  a:!.i  t';e  lii  .ik  nirHintiins  of  Swe  len, 
bri.ig  froi>s  an  i  In  v.v  :  The  e  iilern  bliiU  c  'min^  '.\er,i 
vail  coiuintir.  of  t!\'ee  (r  !  vr  tl;  niland  iii;li-s, 
Iroin  Ciiiiu  a:!  Japi.'!,  h.i  "  Iry  and  unwholefome 
vc.uhci- :  riie  fj!:-;i,  in  the  lu  p -i  ■'•,  ii'i  .-s  r.  fre  i'l',; 
bre.;:cNfr.)in  liie  Alps :  bntihe'  t:  .i  Ae.'.  wnd,  as  witn  j 
lis,  i-i  both  the  ino't  freipK-.-ii  .1  ,d  vsli. nel'  11c  that 
blosvs  in  (jernunv.  In  i;ev.T.d,  rii.s  .■■m.riv,  and  V  >- 
land,  are  li)  iiise  Grc.it  liritaiii,  b;'i  ii  viiniue  a:ul 
<i.ii,  rliaf  no  e  i.iinries  in  L.urope  aj  ee  t>.--rr  v.itu  l''.iiy- 
lilli  e  iiillitiiri'1,1-.  iieiidrs  j',reat  [•!■  n:v  of  e  /in,  r.irtle, 
llv.ep,  w.iii,  el  irli,  liorl'es,  full,  Cxc.  the  earth  a:i',>id. 
ini:.cs  of  divers  forts  of  metals  and  miiurals,  as  iron, 
Viitiiincn,  iii'tc,  orre,  copper,  tin,  le.i  i,  and  even  I;!- 
ver  in  loiiie  parts;  alliim,  vniil,  ijiiiekiiUcr,  fair, 
coal,  ,:x.c.  In  !j;ener.d  the  fuiface  is  even,  and  tiion^ii, 
in  fiine  pirts,  it  is  hilly,  it  i.  no  where  mouniinr-is 
exeept  towaids  the  Ib'.nh  and  f >ii:li-weil,  where  r!ie 
Alp.s,  and  a  U  w  inonntains  in  Alfice,  ferve  a^  bounda- 
ries and  bulwarks  aj^ainll  Italv  anil  Krance. 

Their  i.irelh  and  walks  afford  many  things,  h)th  (or 
the  tulUnai.ee  ol  the  poor,  and  the  luxury  ot  the  rieh. 
Tliey  yield   |'lenty  of  wood  tor  tuel  and    buil.lin!'^,  and 
abound  widi  v.uirty  of  wild  liiwl,  and  all  torts  of  veni- 
li>n.      I'liev  alii)  teed  v.iil  nninliers  ot  le'^s  i  and  f  iine 
ofthein,  as  the  forell  of  Arde-me,  good  mutton.     Tlie 
rivers  iw\  lakes  abound  with  ridi  in  the  utiiioll  vaiiety 
and  perti-ction.     'i'he  orchards  are  full  of  I'riiit- trees ;    . 
and,  in  the  I'lutlicrn  provinces,  there  is  plenty  of  the   ' 
m.ire   dwic.ite   tort,  as    peacl.es,  apricots,  tigs,  olives,    f 
&.C.   in  perfecli  m.     They  have   rich  wines,  of  which   : 
the  Rlienilh  an  1   Mofillc,  in  particular,  arc  exportetl    ! 
in    v.ill   iiu.'.n*i'i^s    t'>   firei:  n    n.uionsj  and    n'^t   only    I 
C'ud,  but  pie;i.ral)!c,  to  Ionic  of  the  wines  ot  Italv.    ■ 
1  he  very  mountains  of  the  Alps,  on  the  'jeruian  ll.le,    '• 
:i:e  in  toine  plues  cuhiv.ited  to  the  top,  r.nd  the  val-    1 
lies   aiioiiiiii    widi    p.itlurts   antl    vines,      in   tliort,  no 
Ci'untry,  prrhaps,  in  tiic  world  [irodnces  fo  f^reat  a  va- 
ri.:ty  of  every  thing  conducing  to  the  coint'orts  of  life  as 
this  i  tliough  others  may  exct  rd  it  in  the  croodnefs  of 
foiiic    p.irticulu-    arci;:les  ;   iievcrdiclel's,  even    ol    tiiele 
No.   C-. 


'  they  have  enoiigli  of  every  fort;  and  they  mi;.'!it  ftill 
have  tiiein  in  greater  [  erf  >  lion,  were  the  inlnbitanti 
j  ind  illrioiis  I  or  1  ulur  ilid  the  lai- led  men  give  cntou- 
•  rag'/mcnt  to  liull)..iidry  an!  i.,d  illry.  l-'or  want  ol 
I  this,  the  people  iieiiher  imdiilland,  nor  take  care  to 
I  manure  the  liiil,  or  to  improve  the  native  tre.ifurc  (d'thn 
Country  1  and  to  this  gemral  neidedt  it  is  owing,  that 
j  the  fiveieii;n  [  rintci  in  tiermany  arc  I'ofl'i  rers,  as  well 
j  as  the  liibie'ds  i  and  the  landlord  becomes  b.inkrnpt 
)  with  his  ten. lilt :  tor  to  this  ignorance  and  dil'juiiage- 
i  nient  ol  luilhandry,  on  the  ons  hand,  and  to  the  i:x- 
i  eedive  vanity  and  pad'on  of  ih-  ir  gieat  men  for  fcM'eign 
luxuries  on  the  other,  it  m.iy  in  a  great  ivc.furc  be 
I  attributed,  that  (ierniany  rxp  irts  kl-,  an  1  importi 
I  mnre,  than  any  to.intry,  periiapf,  in  tl'.e  comincrcijl 
j    world. 

1  here  is  a  fort  of  "-nr-i  fo'.ind  in  (lernunv  called 
I  I'lna  Sigili.ita,  wiiich  fijnie  call  Terra  I.emni.i,  be- 
'  caule  it  is  alio  brought  fr  nn  the  IHc  of  Lemn". :  it  is 
a  hard  eardi,  with  white,  vt.lIo.v,  a.i,!  red  vein.'i,  anj 
lii.l  to  be  An  antidof  ag.iinit  all  kin.ii  of  i-idfins. 
riv  re  are  good  rjuairi^'s  of  marble  in  Havaria,  Tirol, 
l.iegc,  and  oti.er  provinces!  anil  for  precious  Hones, 
ns  diauiond^,  agics,  rhryll  Is  jifi'crs  of  fevtral  co- 
.  lours,  fine  ahba'ler,  itverd  forts  of  perls,  tnnpiois, 
rulii's,  Cvc.  thi.  coMiiriy  furpallcs  moft  ot'iers  •■>  En- 
ri'pe,  there  beinj  vail:  c  lle.ti  ins  oi  tiiem  in  the  cabi- 
nets of  t!ie  e:ii,iror,  rlie  ele.  tors  of  B.ivaria,  Branilen- 
burg,  I  Ian  iv'T,  Saxoiiv,  .ml  other  princis,  and  i '' 
many  piiva'e  men,  a^  will  as  thole  v.-hich  are  t!u-  orna- 
ments o(  ih'irches  r.n  I  im.'^^ts.  Tin  v  are  d:ig  fjr  the 
moll  part  ot,".  .  f  the  nfines,  ami  f're.juendy  ItunA  in 
t!ie  ri.i-rs.  .V  remarkable  n ttiiral  em i  ffity*  peculiar 
t )  Germanv,  is 'h  ■  Sihieffeillein,  ablickilli,  jjl'tfering 
kind  of  dune  or  fi!',  wliieh  meltitl,  yields  ri.otli  i.ip- 
pt.r,  aril  f^u-.nn  lilvir.  Ii  '"ne  pirt  of  S.ix mv  t.'icfe 
It  nes  me  ,lug  11,1  in  the  li-  !dii.  I'hey  ex'ii;>il.  a  lively 
repre:;  iitation,  l-y  tair  c  ij-.per  llrokes,  rfrilifs  ol'divers 
I'lrt.s,  ir  i^,  and  other  am. iials,  tlut  abound  i.;  a  neigh- 
b'liiiin^  I  ike. 

I'i.e   pri.K'ipal   rivcr^  of  tliis  country   arc  the   fd- 
lowing  : 

I'h'-  Danuoe,  or  nmnv,  lo  c  ill;  d  from  the  S'.vif:- 
ntl's  of  the  currriit,  riles  in  rhe  DUi-k  l-'orell  in  Sv.-.i- 
bi.i  J  ruiis  through  S.v.ibia  and  Havaria  to  l'.iti'b)n, 
M\~]  th'.nce  to  \'i  nni.  Altir  dividing  llun;,,iry  into 
two  p.uts,  it  c.  rriir  J  i  .s  C'luri'e  to  Hclgr.ule  in  ,Ser\-ia, 
;;nd  th,  11  pr  ^ceeding  to  iiirkey,  falls  into  the  Hi.. ck  Sea 
by  levrral  channels.  It  is  veiv  broad,  anti  I, is  t.'-.ree 
great  cataracts-.  'i'|.,-  S.iw  H.-.jIHI,  or  Swin.-'s  :  nour, 
near  l.init-/. ;  I'l  cal'nd  Irom  .".  [  oinied  i(:  k  haiviiiig 
over,  which  h.'.s  un.iir  it  a  ii  .I.'  r-n-j  v.!:i:p;,id.  '1  he 
Der  Str.idel,  nearljuin  n,  in  .'u;;  ria,  v.i.eiv  I'-.e  lull- 
ing of  the  water  makes  a  li.irid.  n  i,i-.  An.l  tiie  Der 
\\  iirbel,  another  very  llan^i,fl■ons  vi'iir  -.hi!,  aboiir  a 
firlong  from  Per  Strudel.  The  warcrPKU  of  thrfe 
p.uts  have  a  inetliod  ot  pa.fing  iliem  wirhoiit  m':ch 
danger.  As  I'lon  as  this  catar.ic't  is  [-aliVd,  a  man  comes 
on  board  from  a  chapel  dedicated  to  St.  N'icil.r;,  on 
the  bank  of  the  river,  with  the  faint's  piclure,  and  an 
alms-box  for  the  pall'engers  to  il'.rov/  in  Ibinetliiug,  as 
an  offering  to  that  faint  l-ir  their  deliveranre. 

This  river  carries  market-boats,  &..  of  i  ^  or  15 
tons,  every  week  from  Ulm  to  \'ienn?,  v. .'lij'i,  witn 
the  turnings  and  windings,  i.s  a  court'e  oi'  i.boiit  4C0 
miles.     It  receives  ten  otiier  rivers  betorc  it  comt  .  to 


IMuradi'.     It  entirs  1  luni: 


miles  beyond  Ximnaj 


and,  before  it  leaves  Germany,  runs  aboufjoo  miles  j 
antl  about  loco  more  through  1  lung.iry  and  Turkey 
in  L'.urope,  before  it  fills  into  the  Hlack  Sea.  Ics 
whole  courfe  tliidier,  from  its  fountain,  is  about  2* 
S  Y  de;reei 


ill 


I 


\ 


..J 


,1. ' ' 


W 


f^-^. 


A  M'AV,  ROYAL  and  AUTlIb-NTIC  SVS'I  I'M  ok  UMM  KSAL  GKOGRAriiY. 


,l,i 


y 


■r 


,''ij 


d.-iirt'fs  ;  \vl;ich,  rcckoiiingOo  iViik^  to  adei^r-f ,  is  itiio 
miles,  without  inchkling  its  tiirniini:s  ami  winJiiips, 
wiiicli  mull  rnxki-  it  .it  k.iil  one  tiiirii  mo'f  i  lb  ili.it  't 
mav  well  be  affirmed  to  be  ionj^er  than  the  Nile,  in 
I'gvjit,  whieh,  ill  m.'.nv  jartiiiuiars,  it  relimbies.  It 
has  tliree  iii-aJs ;  but  which  is  t!ie  true  onr  the  (icr- 
man  geoi^raiiluTS  tliemfclvih  are  nut  af.ree;!.  CUiveritis, 
wlvile  aumoiity  Keius  rlie  belt  in  matrers  of  this  nature, 
plaees  it  in  tiie  Black  I'oicil,  at  tiie  ;  -,0'  of  a  little.-  hill, 
and  lays,  the  loiintain  is  wallod  in.  Tlie  waters  ot 
this  river  are  always  muddv ,  and  wliiiiili;  and  the 
ch^Junel  is  kept  al.noll  as  t'uii  in  the  Ihninier,  by  the 
mched  fnow  liom  the  liills,  as  by  the  lloods  in  the  win- 
ter. Its  waters  lia\e  been  llnind  by  relocated  e.X|ie- 
rimcnts,  to  lie  neili.^in.i;,  t:ioug!i  not  to  the  lame  de- 
gree a.'^  miiinal  I'prin^s ;  and,  it  is  laid,  that  in  thute 
places  wnere  there  are  m)  natural  baths,  the  |ic()|ile 
b.itiie  with  tl'.e  wa'er  oi'tiiis  liver  inarmed.  'I'hefe,  wi'li  its 
other  virtues,  are  a!lT;beU  10  its  wailiin:Hn  many  mi:ies, 
and  to  its  r.ilinr  tinctures,  wluth  arc  lo  I'.rong,  that  a 
fort  of  ialt  h.is  been  acUiaiiy  irade  of  the  water,  which 
has  fupplied  tlie  want  lif  bi-tter ;  yet  it  is  freili  cnouj^h 
for  drinking,  after  it  has  Ihiod  Ibnie  hours  to  fettle. 

The  Danuiie  abounds  with  all  thole  (ilh  that  are  to 
be  found  citiier  in  our  runinns;  or  ftamling  rivers;  and 
they  are  generally  much  large',  b;ic  not  lo  I'wcet  as 
curs.  'I'here  air  feveral  Hil-  in  it  not  comir.on  clle- 
vhere,  which  feem  to  be  o'"  liit  falt-vvater  kind,  an.l 
ar^-  luppoled  to  come  I'-  m  the  l''.ii\ine.  Of  theie  tlie 
r.ioll  re;nark,i')le  is  .e  I  lanf -n,  a  grillv  :"i;h,  Ibm^wlr'- 
like  our  llurgeon,  almoil  as  large  as  a  cr.xodiie,  f  :r.e 
being  18  or  20  feet  long.  Shoals  of  tliem  come  about 
the  fiilicrmens  boats  at  the  found  ot  a  truin[K-t  it  l.cin. 
It  is  deemed  a  dainty  by  the  .A'.illriaiis  and  f  Ui.-'L,..rians, 
and  is  onlv  to  be  met  with,  at  noblemens  t..i'..  .. 

The  Rhine  riles  tioin  two  Ipriiv;-;  in  the  Alj  ■, 
W'hich  i:nite  eight  miles  from  tlii-  eicy  of  Coire.  It 
foon  aker  diiates  itieif  into  a  large  lake,  called  tl-.e  Bo- 
den  Sea,  or  lake  of  Conllince ;  wlunce,  [jaliaig  wtfl- 
ward  to  Bafil,  it  ti}r,'s  to  the  north,  and  runs  bitwn-n 
Swabia  i.nd  ,\i''ice  ii'.to  the  I'.ilaii.iate,  receiving  the 
Neckar  at  Manhciin,  and  the  Maine  at  Mcin.'. ;  then 
il  runs  to  Cobleiit;',  wliere  it  receives  the  M.ileile.  It 
afterwards  waters  Coli  gne,  and  pailes  on  throu.:h  the 
duciiy  of  C'leee-.,  reci.ivir,g  t!:e  Roer  and  the  ldi'i:e, 
and  ot'ie:  l.n.'.'i-r  rivers  !i.  tlie  way;  and  palli  s  into 
the  N'ethciiaiuis  ai  ScheiKnenlihans,  live  milts  btlow 
Clevt-,  wi.eie  i:  is  ver>  b.o.id,  .uul  ir~  courle  very 
fv.-.n::  but  tl.i-  na\igati;in  of  it  is  interru;  te,l  liv  niiie 
Cii.w.. -I.-,  the  moll  dangerous  whcrfof  are  two  in 
Swiizerluid,  one  near  ^chalfiiuylen  (where  the  whole 
river 
Here 


7,3    l-'O   a 
w.'.terr.i.'n 


at  ::•,  il  Lii 
,1 


■,v^ 


■  W 


r.iJj  ut 
is  VL-ry  \ 

Rhine  "> 
tlie  mi 
.0  '  .;i- 
b,  ,  n.u 
V  :i  y  lie; 
by  its  c'ii  viiuni'  a:io. 
of  Kran.l;  nb'  .■  •,,  an  I 
.  .;iirfe  it  It  i'j  \'.-:v 
aie  Com  '.ion  in  llan:. 
Ti..:  O  '^-r  rii'--.  in 
[\:\:    t'-.::.;  :!i    Siji  fu 


Baltic  Sea.  I:  n:;is  in  a  pretty  ilrait  cnurl'e  throi:gli 
the  I,  irth-e.ill  part  of  lieiinany.  It  is  navigable  tor 
Imall  veil". Is  p,  great  way  ab  ive  Stetin.  Canals  are  cut 
betwixt  this  river  and  the  b'lbe,  which  very  much  pro- 
iii..te  tlie  trade  ot  the  electorate  of  Bran  lenlniig. 
("ore  it  fills  into  the  lea  it  fiirnis  liveral  ill.v.ds. 
river,  an.l  tr.e  adjoitiirg  lakes,  are  full  of  tilli 
bar 


Bc- 

■hii 

tiiC 


e  ciidoms  on   the   laimon  anil   !,\mpre\s,  fine  of 
which  are  of  a  vail  bulk,  amou.itnig  tj  a  confiderable 


tlie  mountains  of  Thuiinrrn, 
Wellplulia,  and  cmpries  uielf 


luin. 

The  W'eler  riles   in 
runs  thiough  !  Idie  and 

into  the  ocean  \o  miles  below  Bicmi-n,  wit' 
miles  of  the  mouth  of  the  I'.lbe.  It  is  {■>  |i;ll  olii.h  of 
feveral  forts,  tii.r.  here  are  I'ome  in  le.ilbn  fur  every 
month. 

I'he  Aller  runs  througli  ilie  country  of  I, 
and  f.ills  into  the  W'eler  below  V'erden. 

The  M.iine  riles  neir  the  borders  of  Bohemia,  [i.if- 
Ics  thtij'!gh  I-'ranconi  1,  tlie  electorate  ot  Ment?,  tne 
I  mth  p.-.rt  of  the  piioi  ip.ilicy  of  Nalfiu,  walhcs  the 
walls  o^"  l'"r.inkt()rt,  and  otlier  confiderable  cities,  and 


in 


ibur" 


tails  into  the  Rhine  at  Men 


I:  is  nut  over-ltocked 


I..C  w,;:err.u'n  lu.'ier  iiaul  their  bu'.ts  aiiitire, 
and  hu:;^ii  tliem  on  the  oiiier  fi.'L,  or  el;'e  let  the:'.i 
dov.-.i  l/V  roj.es.  The  direct  coiirle  of  this  river  is 
about  .■.-..-,  niiles,  an  1,  includir.g  turnings,  fico. 

The  I-'bc  rili^s  in  me  !Tio'..:ut.iins  ri-ar  1  lirchburg, 
in  Silefi.!,  uv.i'A  tiie  coniines  of  Bohemia,  througii 
wliich  i:  run.,  i.l  thven  feveral  Ipiings;  whidi,  bei'n:; 
unite!,  oiN  ii'.r.-h.'.ar.l,  between  Miiliia  an.l  Luiatiu, 
into  S.'.Nony.  A  ii:tle  In  low  (jluckU..dr  it  di.i>les  into 
f.vo  i.r.nche-,  wl'.ich  fil!  into  the  Cterman  Ocean  ')-• 
.i..:<rs  (.■-;',.v  Hamburg.  It  is  very  large  and  deep 
tiiat  liiips  of  fotir  or  live  hundred  tons 
in  it.  file  courle  of  this  Mver,  v.hicli 
.  .  i>  a.  ln.'ig  as  th.it  01  tlie  Hh'v.v:.  It  runs 
-i.r!',:,  ti.;^  :i:;li  the  ivTth  of  (.ierm.iny  ;  as  toe 
es  throu;>h  tae  wed,  and  the  Danube  through 
;■:  an.l  I  ^  idnily  p.u:,.  'I'he  t;de  runs  about 
ui)  .-ve  !  I.,  n.nr,.;  i  an  1  i!ie  river  is  n.ivigabi'-, 
v;ii  .  ,  a  ^..le.it  '..:.:■  up  ioro  l»ernii!iv  ;  whiih 
!i  pr  ■■  ;y)!e:  tli  ■  tra^e 


with  lilh,  perhaps  on  account  of  its  clearncl.s,  occalion- 
cd  by  the  mints  of  gold  and  filver  tliroiigh  which  it 
;)alVc.„  liitnc  degree  of  mud  being  necelliiry  lor  the 
iiourilhinent  of  all  forts  of  tilk. 

Tiir  I  in  is  a  lafje  river  that  riles  on  tlic  frontirrs 
of  Switierl.ml,  runs  tiiroiigh  I'lroi  and  Bavaria,  and 
falls  into  the  I3anu'.;e  at  I'ailau.  Its  coiirie  being 
among  the  Alps,  it  cannot  be  very  navigable;  and,  as 
i;  wj.iies  1.  ve!  .1  i.ik  ;  ;'.j  and  niinerals,  it  cannot  abound 
wi  h  lilli. 

The  vail  pafllon  w'liiJi  the  Germ'.ns  have  for  l.unt- 
it'.g  tiie  w'M  boar,  is  alligned  as  the  caiile  why  there  are 
iii.jre  wiials  sr.d  chiles  vet  llanding  in  (ierm.iny  than 
la  mo'l  other  co'o.rries.  The  llyicanian  lorell:, 
which,  in  Civfar'st.  lie,  v...,  cine  days  journey  in  length, 
and  li.\  in  breadth,  is  now  cur  down  in  many  plaa-s,  or 
parcelled  out  into  wo  i.ls,  wiiich  go  by  |iartijular  names. 
Mollofthe  w  ))d  a-e  ;  i.'.e,  iir,  oak,  and  beech.  There 
is  a  val'i  number  ol  liie.tr.  of  kis  note  1:1  tvery  part 
ot  tills  couotry  ;  almoll:  every  count,  baron,  or  j'ciulc- 
man,  ha.ing  a  chife,  (;r  piri;,  a.l.irned  with  plealiir.-- 
houles,  an.l  llocked  wi'.h  iker,  of  wlii  li  there  are  li-ven 
or  cigiit  Ibits,  as  roebiu  ks,  Ibgs,  \c.  of  all  fizes 
,ukl  colours,  and  m.iny  of  them  of  a  vaR- growth;  p!i  aiy 
ol  hares,  rab'.its,  foxes,  be.irs,  wolvi ,,  boars,  Cve.  I'hc 
lorclls  aha  abound  wiih  wud  lowl. 


S  1    C  ']•   I  O  X      II. 

Citwxl    D:f/:r'!U    1/  ;V   (!>in'i  rmpny,     Pii'!:iU!\!r 
D'y^iipti:ii:  1/  li:c  Jf.:  i\ii  CniLs. 

G1"KMAN"V  w.is  i'ormeriv  divid'd  into  ten  I'reat 
cii  les;  but  llie  circie  of  Burgnuiy,  or  the  pro- 
vinces of  th-;  Low  Countries,  being  now  detached  fron, 
the  enijiire,  we  Ih'.il,  in  del'cribing  (ierininy,  conlinc 
ourlclvca  to  tlic  nine  circle.  a.i  tliey  now  lujiiil,  vi/.. 


tne  country,  elpcv-i.iiiy 
■■>;n  tne  .-)p!ic,  in  the  inari]uila!e 

the  Mij)  iuv  in  Hoh-mia.      As  the 

il  )u,  ;t  aboun.ls  Willi  ficli  Ihli  as 

n;  wa:.;-.. 

.M  ra.il ;  and,  a'":er  a  1  ,ng  ciir- 
and    Urandcnbiirg,  filL  itito  the 


Upper  S.ixrmy, 
J  .Oiler  .''a^oov. 
AS'eflph.dia, 
V.'pper  Rhine, 
Loieer  Rhine.. 
!•  ranconia, 
Aultria, 
Ha^aria, 
Suabia, 


l.le  no.ti,. 


;  In  tlir  ii 


Thef' 
;.!inni:' 


we  !hall 

-'     'Nilll 


defcribe  in  th' ir  lelpaive  nnli  r,  be 


Tin     CIRCL1-. 


I 


:l  b> 


e   f,f    I 

thole  I 


pper  . 

!      (he 


Im'1'1   i; 

'  .i.vony   is 
I  iver   f 


b- 


iinded  on 
le   .ind    L 


ll.' 


laxony 


tile  e.ill  oy   i'rulli.i,  an.l  pan  ol   j'olmd 


Jim. 

a  a 


.i^ 


HRArilV. 

trait  coi:;:l-  tlirn;:^Ii 
It  is  navii_;.ililc  for 
in.  Caii.ilb  are  cut 
i(  h  vrry  iii;:tii  pro- 
r>n.i  ii'iiluiiij;.  Ho- 
^^.lal  id,'  .lis.     'Ill's 

f      tlill    of     till,  J    lii(; 

I'mjirevs,  I' mc  <,f 
ig  tj  a  confiiJL-rable 

jins  of  'rii'.irinfrn, 
am!  cnipries  uajf 
Buiiicn,  wifl'in  io 
I  I-  f)  tt;ll  of  li.'i  of 
in  IcMlon  for  tvciy 

"try  of  l.uii'./iburr, 
k-n. 

i  of  Bohemia,  p.if- 
aie  of  Mcnrz,  tiie 
NalKiu,  waliich  the 
uierable  ritics,  and 
i.s  not  ovtr-llorkcd 
ilcarni'ls,  oixafion- 
r  [hroiii;li  winch  it 
r.ccclliuy  leu   the 

ifes  oil  tlic  froinirrs 

au!   Bavaria,  and 

hi   courit;    being 

navi-abie;  and,  as 

b,  it  Luiiiiot  abtniiid 

"lis  have  for  hiint- 

caulL'  why  [Jitic  are 
g  in  Germany  than 

llyicanian  lurcll-, 
r's  jijiiriicy  in  length, 

in  many  pLucs,  or 
by  partijular  names. 
I  anJ  bcfch.  'I  here 

note  in  every  part 
■,  baron,  or  i-enilc- 
■neii  with  plealiir.-- 
hi'li  there  an  liven 
,  'Vc.  oi'  all  fizes 
vad  growth  j  pli my 

-,  boars,  Cvc.    Ihc 


II, 


■iiifn:     Pu.!:ndjr 


■ii!"il  into  ten  I'lCat 
<?,iM.iy,  or  the  pro- 

iiow  deraclu\l  fmn. 

(iennany,  C'lnrmc 
now  liiJiiil,  vi/. 


1]  .  -'live  nnii  r,  Iv 


IS   l)'ii:!i;:",i   on    lln- 

llhilli'    ,111.1    l.'.vvrr 

in  I  pair  ol   i'olaiul 

ad 


EURori-:.] 

ami   S'lefu;  c:i  the  f >utli   l)y   Bavaria,  Bohenya,  and 

Fran.' i.iia  i  .'.r.tl  on    ilu-    north    by   the  lialtic.     It   is 

of   CiiniiJerabie  extent,    an.l    contains  tlic   tollowing 
placts. 

Ti.e  l''.i.EtTORATi:  of  Saxo.vv. 

Saxony,  in  rjeneral,  is  one  of  the  moil  fertile  coii.n- 
tric:.  in  all  (jermanv.  It  yieLls  a  rich  iiKreafe  of  all 
kinds  ofgrain  and  hiiits.  1  iops,  tlax,  tob.irco,  anile, 
ami  woad,  .'.re  eidtivatril  here.  The  minerals  are  of 
great  imixirfanci.'.  The  porcelain  e.irih  is  excellent ; 
and  die  Terra  .Si.^ill.if.i  (already  tlefcri':ie.l)  excremel? 
good.  1  iie  co'intry  pr  iduce^  various  kinds  of  marble, 
and  the  d::tiiK-t  pieces  of  preci.'.iis  (lanes.  \'itriol 
and  alliim  are  pre|),ired  here.  Coal  is  dug :  and  the 
mines  of  liber,  copper,  tin,  iron,  and  lead,  aie  very 
valuable.  It  iikcwne  abounds  in  hone;.,  cattle,  llieep, 
venifon,  ivc.  tvc. 

The  princip.il   ri\ers  ar»  t!ie   I'.lbe,   Mulde,   PleilTe, 
Schwarze  I'lller,  ."•all,  and    Wliite-l'lller.     Tliele    ri 
vers,  as  well  as  the  lakes  ami   rivnki.s,  prod'jce  great 
i|uaiuirie';  of  iilli ;  and  the   \\  iiite-l'.lllcr  yields  abun- 
dance of  fv.iiitiiul  piarls. 

'I'nis  eie-.i oi.iie  is,  in  s^en'-ral,  well  cultivated  and 
populous.  Tlie  provincial  diets  are  held  every  fix 
years,  and  the  l(;levt  diets  convened  every  two  years. 
I.iitlieraiiifm  is  t!;e  elhiblill-.eil  religion;  tliough  the  dif- 
feient  branches  of  the  electoral  family  have  iifu.Uiy 
been  Rom.in  Catholics.  Wiin  rcj^ird  to  cccklia.iu  al 
matiers,  t!-,e  country-  is  di-.ided  into  piri'lies,  fiibordi- 
nate  to  fpiritiial  inlinftors,  which  latter  are  all  ac- 
fountalile  to  the  eccleiiaUical  council  and  upfA'r  con- 
fillory  of  Drefden.  Roman  Caiiuiltcs  and  Calviniits 
are  toler.ued  in  moll  parts  of  the  eleclcnte.  Ltarnuig 
fo'iiilhes  here,  coinmeiTc  i>  encoura-^cd,  and  manu- 
factures in  the  various  blanches  are  arrived  at  great 
ptrfiLlion. 

Among  the  cleclors  of  the  empire  the  eledor  of 
Saxony  is  the  lixch  ia  dignity,  nnd  great  marllial  of  the 
empiie.  I  lis  revenu'^s  aie  v'ly  confuK'rable.  The 
whole  is  divided  into  eiiilcs,  which  are  is  fjllow; 

The  e'.eclora)  circle,  or  duchy  of  Saxony,  i.i  very 
near  .y~  I'liles  in  Icigtl),  ai'.d  alinofl:  as  many  in  breadth. 
'I'he  iijil  is  f.m.ly ;  and  it  contains  the  loll,jwi..g 
pLii  cs. 

\\'ii;einbenT,  tin-  i  ipiial,  nn  tl-.c  cad  fide  of  the 
L'.lbe,  55  milts  nc'tt'i-well  Iroin  Drefden.  It  is  the 
(t-at  ot  an  atilic  judicatory,  a  confiilorv,  a  fpiritual  in- 
fpeclioii,  and  a  general  fuperint'-ndency.  It  is  well 
fortihed,  a';d  contains  an  univeriiry  and  a  Latin  lli.jwi. 
Mai '.in  l.uduT  firll  preached  here  againll  the  Pope's  in- 
dulgciKiisj  an  I  in  the  cathedral  of  .Ml  Saints  he  was 
buiie.i.  The  library  appcrt.iining  to  the  uiiivetluy,  is 
very  v.iiuai'K  i  but  the  I'ri:fi'.a;'.,  t.iking  the  place  in 
1756,  did  "Vfat  damage  to  the  Ibrtific.itions. 

Kcmber;."  is  .1  fmail  town,  whc.'c  inliabi'.ancs  are  noted 
for  t!u'  c'jitiv.uion  cf  hop: .  Z.ilina  h.is  a  feat  and  vi;ice 
in  the  d.-.eis.  Scliniie  iebcrg  i.,  lijrroiiiiiled,  in  a  romin- 
tic  man.'icr,  by  mouirains :  And  Rcmliards  contains  a 
curious  i.iboratorv  hv  niaking  mechanical  and  optical 
inacliiiie;^,  i.'i  particular  the  ciiiaia  oblcUt.i. 

By  iiirans  (/f  wlilch,  wood?,  iiills,  and  tl.iles,  appear; 
I'locks  gra'.'.e  the  plain  ■,  birds  wing  the  filent  air. 
In  darkui'd  rooir,;,,  where  light  can  only  pafs 
'J'liro'  the  fiiiall  liide  of  a  convex  [i,lafs. 
Or.  ihe  white  iliei  t  the  moving  lii',urc.s  rife; 
'1  l.c  loul'i  w.ives  i  clouds  il',)at  along  th'   Ikies. 

Barby,  on  the  l''.ibe,  is  defended  by  a  c.uUe  ;  Gom- 
niern  li.is  a  callle  and  liiiieriinendincy  ;  Aniiaburg  is  a 
borough  town  on  a  little  ili.'.nd  i  llciberg  has  a  wool- 
len ami  a  fait- [n  tie  mannfidory  j  and  L.iclrA'iiburg  has 
an  tledloral  ['ulace  with  plc.iiuie  ;.:,ai(.k-ns. 

litre  eVn  roii.'di  rocks  v.iih  ti  nder  myrtles  bloom. 
And  iroddtn  weeds  lend  out  .1  lich  pciliime  : 


GERMAN      EMPIRE. 


73 « 


Here  wedern  gales  etern.iily  rcfuie, 
Antl  all  the  feafons  lavilh  all  their  jiride; 
Bloiloms,  ll'uits,  .ui.i  llow'rs,  togetiicr  rife. 
And  the  whole  year  in  gay  confulion  lies. 

There  are  many  inconfiderable  towns  in  this  circle; 
oi' which  nothing  more  can  be  laid,  than  tliat  they  have 
all  a  lea:  .'.-id  voice  in  the  diets  of  the  empire. 

The  circle  of  Thuringia  is  very  fertile,  abounding 
in  Corn,  Cattle,  flieep,  horles,  timber,  ixc.  Itcoiuains 
the  f  iliowing  places : 

Tendad,  whicii  gives  name  to  a  bailiwick.  Pfijite 
cont.iins  a  Ichool,  wlieie  150  fchol.irs  are  inaintainetlj 
antl  taught  gratis;  l*"r.iwen|)ri'-fnitz,  a  niuket  town; 
and  Treli'urt,  a  town  on  a  hill,  near  the  W'erra. 

Weil'enfels  is  a  haiidfimc  tovn  on  the  Sial.  Above 
the  town  is  a  white  rock,  at  the  fummit  of  whicli  .1  line 
CilWe  is  erected,  calletl  Au^i  idulburg.  This  town  like- 
wile  contains  mauiiaclcries  of  (ilk  and  velvet,  a  Latin 
fthool,  a.id  a  gymnafium,  or  fchool  ot  cxcrcile. 

The  wife,  f^ir  health,  on  exert  ife  depend  : 
God  never  made  h\->  wori'ib  for  man  to  mcnil. 


Ro'back  i.s  a  village,  cek-brated  for  the  defeat  of  a 
formidable  army  of  Prcncii  an.l  Audrians,  in  the  year 
'757>  by  the  late  king  of  Pruflia,  in  its  neighbour- 
hoo.l.  The  other  tow:.s  and  villages  of  this  elide  are 
fo  very  inconuder.able,  that  they  merit  not  enume- 
rating. 

I'he  margravatc  or  circle  of  Meiffen  is  a  plentiful 
country,  .Tnd  its  'ields  are  fertile  in  grain.  Its  forefts 
I'urniili  plenty  of  vei.ifon,  its  rivcis  are  full  of  filli,  and 
its  hills  ab  )und  wuh  niiner.ils.  It  contains  likewife 
many  confu'eralile  vineyards,  but  the  wine  is  not  genc- 
rallv  admired.  Lipontlie  whole,  however,  itis  allowed 
to  be  one  of  the  mod  fruitful  and  populous  dillrifts 
in  Germany  ;  an.l  its  inhabitants  have  univerfiily 
the  ch.u  leter  o(  being  the  mod  lively  and  polilhed 
people  in  the  whole  e'ripire.  The  prin^  ipal  places  are 
the  following. 

I)re!den,  the  capital,  not  <^nh' of  MeifP.'n,  but  of  all 
S.ixoi.y,  is  fituated  u/  miles  ncirth  of  Prague,  and  !io 
nortn-weft  of  Vienna.  The  name  is  derived  from 
three  l.ikes  in  the  neighltourf.  joti,  wliich,  in  the  coun- 
fv  1'  giage,  are  cdled  l)r\  leii  leen.  This  city  is  one 
of  the  'ine.l  in  Gerauay,  wirh  refpecl  to  ih,'  plealant- 
nefs  of  its  fituadjii,  the  beauty  of  its  ltr'.;.:'tiire  ,  and 
the  number  ami  magniiicente  ot  itscinbeilillimenrs.  Ic 
was  oii.rjnaliy  (iirtihctl  by  Charleiiugne ;  ami,  fince  his 
tune,  the  works  have  been  fi  gicatly  augmented  and 
im[)rovetl  by  its  dukes  ami  electors,  tl.at  it  is  now  a 
place  of  great  drength  and  importance.  Many  of  its 
parts  are  tiefendetl  by  a  tlouble  tlitch,  ami  the  ballions 
have  done  facings,  'i'lie  houli's,  which  are  built  of 
free  done,  are  lofty  ami  liibfbntial ;  and  the  llreets  are 
lirait,  ijiacioiis,  eleg.uirly  pavni,  and  well  liL^luetl.  The 
cathedral  church  is  a  noble  llrudiire ;  and  feveral 
l.u'ge  lipi.ires  give  the  whole  city  an  uncommon  air 
of  magnificence.  The  (lone  bridge  over  the  Pilbe, 
which  tlivides  the  city  intothe  Old  antl  New  Town,  and 
coiifills  of  17  an  lies,  is  one  of  the  nobled  drudures  in 
the  univerfe,  At  the  entrance  of  New  Drelden  is  a 
noble  building,  calleil  the  Pal.ice  of  the  Indies:  it 
confills  of  three  llorie,,,  all  the  apartments  of  which 
are  filled  with  the  mod  curious  Japan  and  China 
wares.  All  the  houleh'ld  goods  are  Iiitliaii ;  and  there  is 
one  fet  of  funiitiire  Ic.irce  to  be  parallektl,  which  con- 
lids  of  feathers  of  v;'.riiitis  colours,  all  natur.il,  but  in- 
laid wi-ji  ti)  much  art,  that  it  might  be  taken  (or  a  (in« 
ilowertil  fattin.  A  very  pleafant  gartlen  belongs  to  this 
m.ignilieent  palace,  which  runs  down  to  the  b.ibe,  and 
is  atlornetl  with  llatiits  of  >vhite  m.ubie,  that  were  pur- 
i  haled  for  the  late  elttflor  at  Roi'ie,  of  the  c.inlinals  An- 
nib.il  ami  Alexander  .A'.bani,  nepci-ws  to  pope  Clement 
\l.  bt  fivles  'uo  noble  ibtlif'-.s,  and  two  very  tine 
lountains.     Near  the  Pal.ice  of  thr  1  ndies  d,.iids  a  mag- 

niticcn*. 


4 


H 


M 


^11 


Ill  i'it 


\\\ 


m. 


Ml 


m 


*^1! 


i  :  1.1 


:i^'^ 


IP 


A  NL.\V,  ROYAL,  and  AUTHENTIC  SYSTF.M  of  UNIVI.RSAI.  GF-OGRAPflY. 


ni  -a-nt  ftriidure,  bnik  bv  t!if  trt.ucs  of  Saxnny,  for 
iiMinr.iiiiing  two  comp.in'R-s  of  c.Kkns,  all  jif.-iu^nK'n 
of  tiie  coiunrv,  who  ;m'  hfie  iiV.liiidcd  in  tlic  li-vcrai 
^:u■n.e.^.  In  tlu' f.ime  ftri  it  thnr  is  an  amplii'.luMtir , 
or  .:riM,  Cn-  the  Um<\k->  of  v.ift  bcaiU,  U.ch  as  lion.s, 
tii;-rs  be;'rs,  ami,  in  lliorr,  all  the  tkri-.H  aiiini.ils 
from  the  four  quarters  of  thf  world;  ol  wliich  <;r<at 
n'linbfrs  arc  kept  tcir  the  purpnfe.  Here  is  a  luiimii-- 
hoiifc,  uhrre  k-ars  arc  kept ;  wi:hf  uintains  aii.i  ponds, 
in  which  thev  waih  ;  an.!  raii^ed  polls  n>und  thcni,  by 
wnicht::cvchnib  up  to  k-atYcLis  i.n  the  top,  where  they 
drv  tf.emlelves.  Here  i.  a  place  eaiud  the  Horn  (kil- 
1.-1V,  which  has  feveral  aj  .urniei.t>,  painted,  wiili  a 
repukiitari 'n  of  hurting  v^ik!  bealls  and  lowls.  in 
ti-.e  did  lov.n  tlurc  is  a 'laree  cdtle;  ami  fo:ne  ot  the 
forci'.icationsiVili  i<i  he  ieen,  which  were  made  bvCliar- 
leni.'.ijne.  l.i  this  quarter  Ibnds  alfo  that  callid  the 
Pri 


m 


^.^•'^  P.ilact 

bi!t  ail  I'f  it  f.a> 
piarr,    c(,ii:airiiiig 


wiii'.h  wa^-  ("ormerly  a  very  fin-  build- 
be  en  ci>;;l'.K".ed  bv  me,  except 
one  p.arr,  C(,,i:airiiiig  very  !ine  ai-artments.  In;  erbly 
fiiiniihed,  and  accouMiK^  '.itcd  by  the  cledor  to  the  nio- 
liern  talle  ;  but  they  bcloi,;.;  only  to  'he  tleck.r  a'.d 
ticctrefs  ;  fir  the  eJecitoial  pr.nce  and  princefs  kvc  \n 
nfepirate  palace,  wiiich  cot,.:i',unicates  v'  Ii  it  bv  p,,d- 
K'lic-,  uhere  t!ie  rooms  arc  \  eriedly  well  O-.lpokd,  aiid 
iiJiTne.i  with  hue  ])a!a:in:'?. 

I  h*  ehc>  t's  p^i.cc,  rrcaille,  j  ins  to  the  bri.'-e  :it 
th.e  entrance  of  the  New  [own.  It  is  an  ancient  Ihic- 
ti'.ic,  .-.nd  makes  Ivr  :i  iv,,Mn  ap|  ear..nce.  The  inl.de, 
liowever,  iar  f'.:rpaiVes  the  outlide  ,  the  apaitmeni  ■  b< - 
in_- nr)ble,  and  fph  ndidly  hirnifned.  '1  i. ere  is  a  gri-at 
t;il;rry,  wl.i  h  -'V,'.,i.  ■- .-.LriviUe  bulk-,  vcfji',.,  picture-, 
uni 


III  the  elecl  ir's  ftables,  .in]  tlie  rkiin;i;-l)Oufe,  is  a 
great  number  (;f  exciclin /,  fin.-  iiorl'es  ;  and  foine  ot  all 
forts  of  tlie  rarell  breed,  wl.ich  have  iron  racks  and 
copper  muiy;erb.  There  ij  a  curious  tinintain  and  p/ond 
near  tiiem,  liirniunded  with  bdul'.rades,  for  the  horfes 
to  water  and  wafh  in  :  and  bcf  .re  the  ftables  there  is  a 
I on^;  arched  walk,  pfur.ed.  w':t!i  curion,  horles ;  over 
w!iic!i  there  is  a  ijailery,  wi::i  tiie  pi  hires  ot  all  the 
dukes  and  ele:b)r.,  of  Saxi.-.v,  in  their  '.-obes  an  1  mili- 
tary habits  i  piuicilaily  t!-.c  t-.'.o  i»e:iciMis,  1  icn/ill 
and  11  )rfa,  under  wliom  t'le  S-.x.  ni  invaded  l'.ii;^ia.Ki, 
are  depided  hers  .-fter  t''.  ■  r  ';■  m.ic  lu.iiir.er  tiicy  .ire 

■,,.  In  rlic  chambers 
li.t-nci,  .,  an  1  odier 
-id,  le  t':e  I'ui'-.iih 
:  i  a  i  '::•., di  \\')\'.\  pre- 
riinv  c;i:iif:f.e' ,  par- 
;',.:.  1  r.ivclv. 


1    levcral  .iVer  curiof".'.  j;   a  I 


wi'ii  hue  d;a'A  [  ■■•j,' 
bi  s  .   '  n;.'.:iv  n.i'i'  i 
of  a  111:  I  •.w'.ivj,  z  ■. 
cuiiofitie.s   h.  ih  o: 
of  a   vriv   great    valu'-. 


I    c-.;io, 


il, 


aC'i' 


in   cl 


,-1. 


wi  ir 


I. 


,  ;,all,  .uU'rnci 
,  s  1  I  giants,  tlie  r.i- 
l  cr. ..  1  ige  cliambers,  f  11 
■\  I.■.rl'.;^^,  and  the  greatid 
..!  na:..:\',  ef,  ecially  plCairf-, 
and  w-';„lerlul  j  eil'ormances 
paiace  are   two   chaiiek,  onv 


t.-.r  the  Roman  Carlvilies, 'the  ot!ier_  lor  the  Lutherars. 
The  liill:  was  lureiofire  a  tlu-atrc  for  the  operas;  but 
or\c  >'l  tl-.e  eledors  turned  it  into  a  rl'..'pcl,  on  iiccount 
of  li.e  marriage  of  i,i-  only  fon  with  the  eldtlt  daughter 
o^  the  emperor  J'fci  h.     The  'ieond,  which  w.i:,  al- 


ways ti.e  ciiapcl  I'l 


t. 


P 


kuit  electors  of  S.ixnnv, 


he  kft  f(T  the  ule  of  Lis  wife,  wlvi  ci  nlkintlv  adhcied 
to  ih'.t  relig'en.  The  trealure  of  it  is  e\tremelv  rkh, 
fonfi'.'.ing  of  velTels,  and  otiier  move.ibles,  of  gold  and 
filvci-,  l-.wcti.f'jre  con'.ecrated  and  given  to  this  cha|  el 
bv  the  ell  dor-.     In  this  p.il.ice   is  the  regal  treafurv. 


(  "mm 

Vauk, 
1, 


rtoni 


!'',■  cal'ed   the   Grunc 


ieAol;-,e,  or  the  Grein 
r.o'jied  of  t'.n  •  ai c!ied  rooms,  whicii  contai:i 
rr  .di.r..')U..  iici.es,  and.  ikim:  .ill  ow  r  with  g!)kl  and  pre- 
cious llones;  fo  tli.it  it  is  one  of  tlie  tii.cll  pl.ices  in  the 
worl.l.  Here  arc  fever.il  (cts  of  brilliant  diamonds,  ru- 
l-.ie«,  emerakk,  pearls,  laj)p!.ire:.,  and  other  jiecious 
every  let  is  complete,  and  conlills  of  button'-, 


buckle-,  loops  fir  hats,"  &c.  fwords,  hangers,  Iv^ord 
btlt-,  canes,  mulls,  Inuff-boy.e-,  waf  lies,  tweezer-calcs, 
pocket  bo'k-,  in  ihort  all  the  jev.ri:;  that   cin  p.ollibly 
be  iiuijined,  even  to  the  firniture  ol  a  horle;  and  tiiey 
are  r.uig' d  with  admirable  nicety,  in  cales  of  tryllal. 

Near  this  p  ilacc  tliere  is  a  very  fui'-  gartlen,  called  the 
Zwini'ir-f  .arteii,  which  i»  reckoned  ilie  Thuilleries  of 
Drelifen,  though  not  large  enough  toddervc  the  name. 
Itis  femi.irTed,  in  tlie  Ihapeof  a  horle-flioe,  wiili  mag- 
nificent buildings  of  frec-lloiiv',  th.it  form  archci;  over 
vvliidi  tlieie  runs  an  open  gallery,  that  unites  three  large 
jiavilion'-,  anvl  h.\.  b.ilullradcs  ;idorned  wirhflatues.  In 
th.e  midid'.emoll:  tlieir  i  a  line  grotto,  and  gn cn-lioules 
fjr  orange-'.recs,  and  the  moll  delii  ions  Irui;:..  The 
uo's-t  llory  ,;. mains  a  very  beautiful  filoon,  faced  with 
p'lirble  and.  gilded  ornaments  The  ceiling  is  mag- 
in. i.:ent,  t!.e  windows  are  of  large  jlire-glals ;  and  die 
rell  of  the'  b.iikling,  which  ioii..s  tiiis  garden,  is  of 
r'-.e  fame  in.ignuiccnrc ;  but  teems  a  little  too  much 
'nctimiv-red  witli  carved  work,  wliicii  In;,  more  of  ilic 
Gothi'.-  t'l.in  t'.c  raod.rn  talle. 


r.    1 

.  .    V. 


li 


ei]'   •li'i  in    ita'.ue. 


,,|. 


(.•i  ui.ie, 


;';..it  ijiantiriei 

luiii  .;:r,  .md  ci  ..;s 

:  ne  l.H  1  n  i.'e.l  'ly  the 

•  i.tni  Ills  ol    1  i.r'.ilh 
aid  f  ot,  V. ill   V.  ir 

..■.itiivd    a.    lo    tijin 
l'ruH.,i:is  in  t!;e  year 

•  •s  I.  w  i.illcd  hotels, 
I'a.  >  .  ;   I;. a  til  it  cilleJ 

1.1  iIh-  occu|  ad  Ml  lit'  .1 


d.-f.T'ibed  bv  our  m  m'.i'.h 
over  the  ikibles  are  !..-;it  t'  ,: 
lumptuoiL  etyuip.igi  >,   m  U'. 
iii'Kle,  p.liic.i  wi'ii  m.i:H-  |. 
ci.iii.  fi  ines.      1  Lre  ..;     ;'. 
ticularlv  a  gun,   wl.ic/.  .'.;l,  h,.       ,    1 
with  lilt    liia'tiinlkiii  ;      I  I.I    .1      ■\\'  < 
whi.  !i,   m  ivc  i  ov  a  \,"..r.-\  ■'...:.:,  i 
'  h-v  ir  .ill  of  .!■!  a:lei..:i  i.'-i.-,   v. 
of  ail  f.rt>  (if  ar.v.,,   k'.  cr  1  :   :,s  .'i 
ot'  IV,..  I,   ill  lil.cr  aid  Ia'«  '.,   ih  :t  !m 
ik-'t.irs  in  I'u  ir  wa:--  ;   a'ld    ic[ 
and   1  lui.:;.'.rian   p  ■  'ic .    o!    !.   : 
commaiidcib  :.'.   v..t  .r   1'.-  .i  ■,  1 
riui.id  :  lv.it  this  v.a-  llr'pi  c  1  i.v 
I  •  •('.        I'heie  are  live  nv  i,     :; 
w  '.  ;  II,  in  lia.v,  wm.i.l  ;  al . !  r 
t';  ■  1  1  ,;el  dc  lli.ym,  v.hu.i  is 

t.i  1  i.lv  ci  tl'.i:  iiaii.!-,  is  elldiiidi  tlu  iujII;  cciLidcLitvlc 
I  ',  ilicin  .ill. 

■['he  l"ui)u;!is  eft:.::,  city  I're  veiv  t  xunP.ve,  but  iiavc 
no  b'.il.iing  of  c..nl.\iiiCi-Ki',  ex.ijt  tlie  pal.ice  in  tliC 
e'.e.t  ir's  great  g.ir.lri,  i  aikd  t!ie  l'url\iih  pilact,  iioin 
bcin  ;  liirnillv.  d  entirely  at";er  ::,e  Turki'h  in.urier. 

l':xi.e:f',.  ii.uH'  odier  fv-it<,  vi.t.  I'lln;'/,  .\!  irif/- 
b'lig,  .\ug;.iilM;:)  iig  (ivhicli  iics  in  the  circle  ol  the 
mount iiii-j  an. I  .\'i;ieb'irg. 

Witlii.i  thive  mile,  of  t  le  city  tlieie  is  abcv!  onpiarry 
of  Iti:;--,  wiii.h  a  •.or. ling  to  defcription,  I'liiu  what 
r.  ;'J,n'.lle^  tlv:  (iiants  C.micw.iy  in  Irela-i.i.  i"lie  ll ones 
ri;e  aOjit  17  ells  ab  we  gro'intl,  repreient  columns 
wi'h  feveral  c  irner-,  a.id  are  j  nn.-.l  as  if  d  ine  by  art. 
Ti-.c  11, ive  fi'om  f)ur  t)  f-ven  c  ikim;v^a[)'ec.*,  arefn  lorii 
on  tiie  outfide,  1  mk  a.-,  if  tii.-v  w.r-  ii.'.xe.i  v.rdi  iron, 
.ire  v.  rv  weigirv,  a.n  1  ii,u\l  ,is  a  lam'.nt. 

'l  ;-.e  [>eople  of  Dreflcn  r  ,ntend  wirh  di  >W  of  I  I  ille 
fir  ipealving  the  bell  high  Dutch.  It  li.ls  i.ven  oijferved 
01  tlii;:n  in  geuer.il,  th.it  there  an-  none  ;r.:.:e  devoted  to 
pl'.afires;  Inch  as  play,  m  ifiu'T.;  h-s,  balk,  fealls, 
running  at  tin:  ring.  i...  e:,  on  lk\!g.. -,  tournam.-n  s, 
hunting-matches,  v^c.  of  ..11  whicii  li.cy  i-.ave  ai-un- 
d-mce;  and  tilays  and  inaf.|ilci.ides  aie  liee  for  all 
p.eople  of  faihion.  The  ci.i.'vr.^  wives  .ve  more  I  ;- 
cial>le  here  tiian  in  any  t.r.vn  if  (kruuny,  and  l..'-..liy 
give  themlel'.es  the  air  of  qii.'!i:v,  t ''pcci.illy  in  the  ar- 
ticle of  drefs,  a  luxury  wliicii  lia.  im'cded  tlij  wives  of 
tlie  mech.inics,  and  tv-n  thf  Icrv.mr.i. 

KeiieLl  ).f  U  a  fur.;;  vill.i,-,',  n-ar  u'li.  h,  in  iT.tj, 
a  !:.l )  );ly  engagement  wisf night  b:rv..'e  1  the  ."sax  H'S 
an;  I'ruliians,  111  whi- :i  ih.e  loriivr  wcfj  d-icitu  I  wi:!i 
gre.it  ll.iughttr. 

."^^iil  prefling  firwari  to  the  lighr,  tliev  br.-ki; 
'1  liio'  llimes  ot  filphur,  and  a  nutiit  ol"  Iniolse, 
'i'ul  iLiugi.ter'd  leg;ons  fill  d  tiie  ticncli  h.crlow, 
And  b  :rc  their  fierce  avengers  to  the  fie. 
1  ligji  on  the  works  the  mingling  h  lU  tng.tge, 
'1  he  Little  hindiiiig  into  tcntiild  rage, 
W  itli  lliow'i  s  of  butlels,  an>l  with  ltor:n'i  of  liie. 
!-'inbs  in  lull  (iiry.  li'Mgs  on  hiaos  expire. 
'I  Ir  wiilern  tun  n"w  lliot  a  t'eiblr  r.iy, 
y\nd  faintly  I'i  .itrer'd  t!:e  remains  ofd.iv: 
liv'ninn  app'toachM  ;  but,  t.h  !  what  ho:l;  of  foes 
Were  ncvei  10  behold  that  ev'niiig  dole. 

Dipoldifwall  1,  ]'.  li.inau,  Dolina,  Gottleuli,  and 
licrg^iefzliii'.i  I,  iiave  1  .itli  a  feat  ami  voice  in  the  diets ; 

aad 


illng-hoiill*,  i".  a 
,  .iiul  li'iiic  of  all 
,•  iron  ra.l.s  and 
tl  unt.iiii  .Uiil  |;)ik1 
■s,  lor  tlic  iiorfcs 
rt.i'olfs  ;in.'ie  is  a 
)'i-,  horll's ;  ovi:r 
'  euros  nr  .i!l  the 
ir  \-t)h^\  .v,  1  ini!i- 
r:;cr.iis,  lL':L';ill 
nv.uIi'J  I'.ii'^Ij.kI, 
;  !;>.i:ir.fr  tiicv  .ire 

l;i  r!iO  (.li.'.nihcrs 
;u-ir--,  .i;i  i  ();!ier 
If  <.'x    rui'-.iili 
:.!  'rn.i!  '■vii!!  [-rc- 
V  cii:;  if::':"  ,   par- 
ti  u">  !..:.  1  :.iii.ly, 
':i'iin    llal'j'j, 
wiiit;. 

i.it  q'l.uitiries 
;Mi;i  .\:r.  :i'i.i  ecus 

U\  1  n  I  ■':J  'ly  the 

u  ills  ui    1  i.r'.ilh 
:  ..)i,  v. i  !i   t  ,  ir 

'liv,..i      ,(,      to      (iJlil 

nioui:;^  in  t:;L'  year 

,   !•  lallc.l   llOTfis, 

. ,  I;  ii  til  it  (mIIcJ 

\t;  (KCU|  a:!  hi  nt  a 

•  111  >ih  ci-'i..  Jli.iL'Ic 

xtriir.\e,  but  have 
tlie  i>.i!.ice  in  tliC 
rl\ii1i  pilacc,  iioin 
ki'li  ni.taicr. 
.  I'lhi::/.,  M  irit-/- 
tlic  circle  of  the 

•e  is  abcJ.  or  quarry 
crijitio;!,  I  iiiu  \siuc 
L'la'i.i.  rhc  ll  inci 
rcprcu'iu  cof.iinns 
as  if  d  ::r.'  by  art. 
1^  ap'CC",  an-  fnooth 
:  iiiixc.i  v.ith  iron, 
'.'ir. 

wi?;!  \]\)fc  of  1  lalle 
i  \,\:  \ WW  obk'rvcd 
>:-.'■  :','.■. '.i-  devoted  to 
raU-s,  lulls,  fcalls, 
i\l;:.s,  to'.irnain/n  s, 
:l  i;.i-y  i.:ivc  alu;n- 
is  aK"  ficc-  fur  all 
wiv'Ci  r.'c  inon;  f)- 
lrr:na:-,y,  al,^!  ton.lly 
irpcciajly  ill   tin'   ar- 

ikdcd  tllJ    \MV.".    of 

■a:   vvlii,  h,  in    l  "15, 

j;rv..t'  1   the   Sax  'hi 

wir'j  ii'jii.atc-1   \vi:h 


',  tlu'v  br..ke 
ii'.'ji;  oi  lim.ikt;, 
ttcncli  lulow, 
)  the  iof. 
,  h'ils  engage, 
ra^:.' , 

h  Itor  ns  of  iiic. 
IPS  expire. 
>ir  ray, 
of  ilav: 
.vliat  !io;li  of  foes 
11"^  dole. 

ma,    (iottli'iili,     and 

mi  voice  in  tlic  ilitts ; 

aivi 


EUROPE.] 


C.  E  R  M  AN     E  M  P  1  R  E. 


7?3 


and  ill'-  lattt-r  lus  a  mine  (/ficc*,  an  acid  fpring,  and  a 
cold  l).uli. 

I.ii-bil.idf  and  [5arc-n!U'in  are  borli  defended  by  callles  ; 
and  in  the  n'-iyhbourhood  of  the  l.icter  is  a  tin  mine; 
New  (levf/.niy  conr.iins  a  mine  ofllee ;  Hoheiillein  is  a 
lioheinian  liet'j  and  Neull.i.k  lias  a  linen  ami  Hocking 
iiiaiiOMiHorv. 

iMinTm,  from  whence  the  m  irciifilate  is  denominated, 
was  formerly  its  capital,  but  is  now  in.onfiderable.  It 
(lands  I?,  mile.-,  north-welt  of  Drefden,  on  a  river  of 
its  own  name,  on  the  left  (iile  of  the  Kibe,  over  which 
it  ii.nl  tlie  bell  w(ji )den  bridge  in  the  empire,  till  de- 
llroyed  in  the  Clerman  wars.  It  was  maeie  a  bilhojirie 
about  the  middle  of  the  10th  century,  but  feciilari/ed 
after  t!ie  ref  iriivirion,  ami  fubject  to  the  eled  ir  ever 
lince  i;8i.  Ir  ie>  partly  in  a  v.ilicy,  and  partly  on 
the  lide  of  a  lull,  on  tl'.e  top  ol  which  are  the  [)alare, 
a  venerable  old  pii.-,  i;i  i'onn  of  a  caftle,  and  thecatiic- 
dral,  in  which  are  the  tombs  of  many  [irinces  and  no- 
blemen. Ileic  was  a  monallery  formerly,  which  has 
been  converted  into  a  public  Ichool,  and  the  revenues 
applied  to  the  m.iintenance  of  the  Ihideiits.  In  Meiflln 
is  an  admir.ible  porcelain  maniifuliory,  which  produces 
j^oods  eileemed  by  iiiaiiy  to  be  lu[>erior  to  thole  brought 
from  India. 

.^cliandau,  on  the  Elbe,  lits  a  great  trade  in  timber 
and  corn  ;  Belch ofsvverda,  on  the  Wefenitz,  in  white 
yarn;  Stolpen,  oti  the  fame  river,  had  its  calHe  dcino- 
lilhed  by  the  l'rulT:.in:i  in  ly^t') ;  ami,  in  the  lame  year, 
at  the  villaw  of  Kbenheit,  the  capittilation  was  drawn 
up  f)r  the  furrender  of  the  Saxon  army  to  the  PrnfTians. 

1 1  lyn,  or  1  lava,  on  the  river  Reder,  was  plundered 
an.l  burnt,  by  the  1  lullites,  in  14:9,  and  again  burnt  in 
15  ^S,  It  was  formerly  a  fio'jrilhing  town,  and  the  feat 
of  the  margraves  of  Mifnia,  the  remains  of  whole  palace 
are  Hill  to  be  iein;  and  before  the  long  wars  in  Ger- 
many, here  was  .1  great  maiuifacttire  of  woollen  cloth. 

Torgaw  has  a  bridge,  with  llonc  pillars,  on  the  Elbe. 
It  was  l)uiic  by  John  l''red:-rick,  the  eleiftor,  in  15J5, 
am)  beautifif  .1  with  a  llately  caille.  It  once  h.id  a  very 
fl'.niifliing  tr.i  !e,  and  the  ei'-£l ors  i)(  Saxony  hekl  their 
dic[s  here;  b  it  it  was  lo  often  harralled  and  opprelled 
by  ilie  Swedes  in  the  (ierman  wars,  that  t!ie  face  of 
tills  otice  fair  city  is  cpiiie  changed.  'I'he  caille,  which 
is  .idorneil  with  a  beautiful  church,  has  feveral  very 
large  and  noble  ap.utmenti.  There  is  a  fpacious  hall, 
adorned  with  the  piifliires  of  feveral  emperors,  kings, 
eleflor:,  and  other  princes  :  and  in  another  room  there 
are  the  pichnej  .j.  liieir  fools,  or  jefters.  In  a  gallery 
«(  this  caille  tl.cre  i  the  geiual;  gy  of  the  Saxon  fa- 
inilv,  with  the  pidures,  arms,  and  abllra.it  of  the  lives 
o(  Its  piiiices. 

M'ilberg,  im  tilt  I-dbe,  is  famous  for  the  vicT;ory 
won  by  Ciiuks  \'.  over  the  Protellants  in  1547,  when 
l'"re  lerick,  duke  of  Saxony,  was  taken  by  the  duke  of 
Alva,  wh  )  commanded  the  Spanilh  .uixiliaries.  It  is 
the  capital  of  a  bailiwick  near  the  forefl  of  Rederwack. 
Here  is  an  anci-.-iit  caille,  which  was  a  tew  years  a<»o 
repaired.  This  was  yitlded  to  the  eleelr  r  by  the 
billiop  of  M(  ilVon,  at  tlu-  fiiiie  time  \  ith  the  caille  of 
nrtll<.i'i,  a  little  below  it.  Near  this  place,  in  1730, 
the  el.elor  made  a  gran.!  encampment  for  a  month, 
W'hl.ii  was  I  .'.  miles  in  co.iijiafs,  formed  of  •28,coj 
men,  and  viliced  by  the  king  of  Prullia,  and  feveral 
oiher  princes,  befides  miny  other  perfons  of  diilindion. 

I'Veilericklhil  !iu  a  1  i  iking  giafs  manufaclory ;  and 
Scinlh'iibnrg  t'.ives  n'.me  to  a  bailiwick. 

/ei'hayn  is  a  village  celebraied  tor  having  been  the 
feat  i^t  the  pleafui  ;  cinp  fi)rmed  liy  Augutlus  II.  at  the 
cxprnre  of  ^,oc-.  ,0  o  of  dollars.  On  the  I'pot  where 
the  ramp  IIoikI  are  fix  large  pyramids,  eree'ted  to  com- 
mem-irate  the  lircumnancf. 

Kj>n;g!lein,  on  the  Mbe,  has  a  fullian  maiuif.iil-lory, 
anil  is  defended  liy  an  impregnable  fortrefs  on  the  top 
ot  a  rock.  C)n  the  tide  towards  Drelden  there  are 
(trong  works,  and  a  trijilr  battery  of  c.mnon.  The 
caflle  ran  nritlier  be  umierniincil,  or  racked  with  tliot 
from  the  adi.u vnt  cmincnLcs  i  and,  as  it  contains  a 
No.  (.7. 


well,  magazines  of  all  kinds  of  provifions,  paftiire  and 
arable  land,  gardens,  6cc.  &c.  it  would  be  impolTible 
to  reduce  it  by  blockade.  It  is  die  repofitory  of  the 
archives,  and  the  place  of  retreat  of  d.v.  cle'^toral  family 
in  times  of  danger  j  and,  befides,  coir.mands  the  navi- 
gation of  the  Elbe. 

As  tiiere  are,  in  this  circle,  as  well  as  throughout 
the  empire,  a  number  of  pl.tces,  lo  inonuderablc  as  to 
att'ord  IV)  one  objccl  wortiiy  of  note,  wc  pais  them  over 
without  mention. 

Leiplic  Hands  in  a  charming  fruitful  pl.iin,  Letweea 
the  livers  Saal  and  Miidle,  abounding  with  all  the  ne- 
cellaries  ami  luxuries  of  life,  particularly  large  and  rich 
meadows,  mowetl  c;;n(lai.tiy  twice,  and  fometimes 
tlirice  a  year;  befides  pleafant  woods,  and  many  tine 
orchards,  v-  ith  all  forts  ot'  fruits  i  there  being  neither 
orchards  nor  gardens  within  the  walls  of  the  city.  It 
is  fitiiated  at  the  conflux  of  three  other  Iclier  rivers, 
theElller,  PleiHa,  and  Pardo,  or  Barde,  28  miles  north- 
welt  of  Meiilen,  41  welt  of  Drcfden,  and  2.18  north- 
welt  of  X'ienna.  It  is  llippofed  to  have  been  builc 
by  the  Van^ials,  abot.t  anno  700,  and  to  have  derived 
its  name  from  Lipzk,  a  lime-tree,  with  which  the 
country  once  abounded.  It  was  in  this  city  that,  in 
1520,  Luther  dilJHited  vvidi  Eckius  againft  the  pope's 
fupreniacy,  and  tiie  people  loon  after  adopted  reforma- 
tion principles. 

This  part  of  the  country  having  been  the  chief  the- 
atre of  the  long  German  war,  this  city  was,  in  two 
years,  taken  five  feveral  times,  and  latt  by  the  Im- 
perialills  in  163;,  but  reltored  by  the  treaty  of  Prague 
in  16  ;j.  It  is  remarkable  for  three  fignal  vidtories 
obtciined  near  it  by  the  Swedes  over  the  Iinperialifts, 
viz.  in  1631,  when  Gultavus  defeated  Tilly  i  in  1641, 
and  in  1642,  when  the  Tchdukc  Leopold,  and  gene- 
ral Picolomini,  were  tlefe.ued  by  the  Swedifli  admiral 
Torltenfon,  who  afterwards  obliged  the  town  to  fur- 
rentier.  It  is"famous  alio  f  >r  an  univerfity,  which  was 
founded  in  1409,  by  I'rcderick  and  William,  dukes  of 
Saxony,  out  of  a  detachtiK'nt  of  the  Icholars  from 
Prague,  of  whom  there  came  hither  not  lefs  than  20DO 
in  one  day,  bv  reafon  of  the  quarrel  between  the  Mul- 
fites  and  Papilts.  It  has  '24  protellbrs  in  four  colleges, 
wherein  the  nations  are  dillinguiihed  by  lev<'ral  dalles. 
It  lias  bred  many  learned  men,  and  been  honoured 
with  the  d'akes  of  Slefwic  and  J  lolltein,  Stetin,  Po- 
iiieraiiia,  and  Mecklenburg,  and  other  Ibvereign  princes, 
liir  its  reftors.  It  is  not  fubject  to  the  elector,  but  to 
the  town.  The  library  has  abundance  of  MSS.  that 
belonged  to  the  monalteries  demolillied  at  the  time  of 
the  reformation,  .n  which  the  molt  valuable,  becaule 
it  is  a  rarity,  perh.ips  not  to  be  met  with  cllewhere,  is 
Tret/.er's  Greek  commentary  on  Homer's  lli^id,  in 
excellent  prcfervation.  There  is  a  monthly  book  p  ib- 
lilhed  here,  being  a  fort  of  Journal  des  Scavans,  or 
Memoirs  of  Literature,  cont.aiiiing  an  account  of  re- 
markable [lieces  in  all  parts  ol  learning,  intituled. 
Acta  Eruditorum  Lipfiiv;  which  lliews  that  plivfic, 
anatomy,  and  tlie  mathematics,  are  very  much  cul- 
tiva'ed,  though  divinity  is  their  chief  Ihidy. 

The  city  is  the  feat  of  a  high  court  of  judicature, 
where  the  eleftor  liimlelf  is  obliged  to  appear,  when 
fuminoned.  It  was  firll  opened  about  the  year  1520, 
when  Auguflos,  the  then  eleiitor,  eltablilheil  the  col- 
lege, to  confilt  of  a  |>relidenr,  and  fix  afTelibrs ;  of 
whom  three  are  civilians,  and  the  other  three  of  the  city 
council,  with  a  re;'illeriiig  clerk. 

Some  call  this  city  the  jewel  of  the  ele.5toratc  of' 
Saxony,  not  only  fi)r  its  fine  flruidurcs,  but  for  lh# 
conliderable  revenue  it  yields  to  its  I'overeign.  The 
town  itlelf  is  not  large,  but  populous,  with  regular 
ftrccts  and  ftately  houlirs,  generally  live  or  fix  llories, 
but,  about  tlie  market-pl.ice,  eight  or  nine  llories  high, 
lubll.intially  built  of  free-flone,  adorned  with  tine  win- 
dows. The  town  lioufe  is  a  nnble  flriiCiure.  St.  Nicho- 
l.is's  church  is  the  bell  adorned  within  of  any  Lutheran 
ihiinh  in  Geriii.iny.  The  ground-^^oors  of  molt  of 
the  houles  are  waiehoules,  where  the  merchants  Itore 
8  Z  jheir 


m 


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H'ii 

'•I  *T.' 

ii 


!ft  I  I 


734       A  NEW,  ROYAL  ano  AUTIlENriC  SYSTKM  of  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAPHY. 

their  goods  for  the  fairs  at  Ncw-Year's-Tide,  Eafler, 
and  Michaclm.is,  whi.-li  i  vait  concourfc  of  inercliants 
attcn.i  from  the  mott  norcd  place;,  in  Kuropt',  who 
are  exL'inpred  from  tolls.  So  many  rich  curiolitics  are 
then  brought  hither,  and  there  1=  fo  great  a  vent  lor 
thriTi,  that  an  immenfe  fiim  accrvies  to  the  revenue. 
The  German  ton>i'ie  is  fooken  here  widi  great  piiriry. 
The  town  is  fonihtd  witii  rimparti  an.l  a  ditch  j  but 
they  aie  r.ot  ri(  U>  much  inif'ortance  Ub  its  ftrongcalHe 
of  PKilf.nb  ng,  on  ihc  river  I'lelllr,  which,  however, 
vhcn  Charles  Xll,  of  Sweden,  marched  into  Saxony, 
in  i:o5,  the  elector  did  not  think  tenable,  and  or- 
dered the  gDveraor  to  Uirrendcr  it,  witl'out  hazarding 
a  fiege. 


I 


The  fub.'rbs  are  very  large.  The  city  has  four 
magnificent  free-done  gates,  at  each  of  which  is  !ct  up 
a  poll,  after  the  manner  of  the  i\omans;  wliicli  kind 
of  p  ilf s  are  af  thr  gates  of  all  the  towns,  and  even  ct 
the  vilLges,  of  the  elefkorate;  and,  from  hence  they 
Count  tiir  I'-.j^ies,  which  are  divided  at  the  en,i  of 
everv  quarter  of  a  mil"-  by  other  (mtIIs,  not  lo  large,  upon 
all  the  great  roaiis,  fiiewing  the  dittanccs.  'i'lie  [gar- 
deners of  Liipltc  are  ellcemed  the  beft  in  (iermany, 
and  value  thcmlclvcs  upon  forcing  the  produdls  of  na- 
ture more  early  than  o-ners.  Tiieir  afpar.igus  is  dc- 
licMus,  and  extrani^:inary  large.  This  place  is  par- 
ticularlv  remarked  for  iCi  larks,  whicii  are  fcnt  all  over 
Germany,  Poland,  Holland,  and  Denmark.  In  the 
w');hK  are  uhiin.lince  of  nig'.tingales,  of  which  great 
numbers  are  taken,  and  kept  in  cages.  There  are  to- 
lerable g'>od  ordinaiies  here  as  wtll  as  at  Drefdcn: 
but  till-  (irovifi.jn  at  the  towns  and  villages  in  the  road 
betwixt  :hofc  citxs,  though  fo  mucli  fiequented,  is  ill- 
drelTcd,  an  1  the  lioufcs  nally.  There  s  a  remarkable 
wood  in  tliis  nrighbourhood  calle.l  Rofcndahl,  which, 
in  the  UngU'ge  of  the  country,  fignities  tlie  Vale  of 
Uofes,  an,;  coiifills  of  i  +  w.ilks,  all  agi-i  eably  diverfiticd, 
with  a  great  meadow  in  the  middle,  each  walk  iiaving 
a  noble  (n)int  of  view. 

Old  Kaniladt  is  the  village  where  the  peace  was  con- 
rhided  between  Augulhis,  king  of  Poland,  and  Charles 
\[.  ki.ii;  of  Sweden.  Delitzlh  is  noted  tor  its  ftocking 
manulactory. 

(jrimmia,  on  the  Miiide,  has  a  fchool  fjr  ico  fludcnts, 
and  a  fuperintendency.  It  gives  name  to  a  dillriift,  and 
IS  noted  f)r  manufactories  of  thread  and  flannel. 

Leilznig  is  remarkable  tor  its  lalmon  fi'liery  ;  Do- 
beln  is  a  manutlnfluring  town;  and  Rochlitz  has  a 
feat  and  voice  in  the  di-.t?,  feveral  manut'actories,  a 
Ifrong  caftle,  and  a  liiperintendcncy. 

The  urcle  of  l''.rzge'.iurg  receives  its  name  from  its 
mountains,  which  are  rich  in  mineral  ores.  The  mult 
confiderable  places  i:i  it  are  the  following  : 

Krcvberg,  the  principal  mine  town  on  a  branch  of 
the  Mulde,  i;  miles  to  the  foiith-well:  of  Dielden,  i-, 
Itrongly  fortified.  Near  the  principal  church  is  a 
chapel,  in  which  many  of  the  eleclors  have  been  bu- 
ried ;  and  the  town  is  lb  plealantly  lituatcd,  that  there 
is  a  Saxon  [iroverb,  which  m.iy  be  thus  rendereil  into 
I-ngli'.h  i 

l)i !  l.eii.fic's  wealth  on  me  depend, 
M)  fortune  I'd  at  Freyberg  Ipend. 

It  is  t!K  feat  of  feveral  mine  oflices,  a  court  of 
jullice,  fuperintendency,  i«:c.  In  tiic  neii^hhourhooil 
are  Icvcral  \aluabic  mines  of  filver,  copper,  tin,  lead, 
fulphur,  vitri',1,  &:c.  'I'he  wood  for  the  mines  is 
brought  down  the  Mulde  fiom  Bohemia.  Here  is  like- 
wile  a  Ijiewerv,  a  l.icc  and  thread  manufactory,  a  bell 
f)undery,  a  cannon  f^ui,  icry,  a  gymn.'.uiiin,  and  a 
public  lil)rary. 

Brand  is  inhabite  1  with  miners;  (irimthal  is  the 
place  where  the  filver  is  feparated  from  tlie  c.>i'j<cr ;  a'nd 
bchopa  contains  a  linelting-houfe. 

Oedern  is  a  manufa.turingtown  ;  Cheiuni',;  w.is  once 
an  inperial  citv,  and  is  n  )W  a  large  town  \v:h  a  iu|KT- 
intendcnry  i    I'Vom!.e;ii)ci;j    has    .i    I'ufi     nia.V'fjliory, 


and  gives  name  to  a  diflridt ;  and  Mulde  gives  name  to 
a  bailiwick,  has  m,uiufa(5luilcs  of  cloth  and  leather,  and 
is  defended  by  a  cilUe. 

-irainten  is  a  borough  town  near  tl;e  wood  of  Tha- 
raud ;  Travemlein  is  a  fmall  town  with  a  calUc;  Kc- 
chenherg  has  a  calile ;  and  .Mtenbcrg  lias  a  lace  mai:u- 
factory,  a  tin  mine,  and  a  ceiv.ent  fpring  h  gives 
name  to  a  bailiwick,  in  which  are  fever.d  tin,  filv-r, 
and  iron  mines,  mills,  ftiK-iting-luAifes,  iii:.  widi  an 
elecloral  f'lrcll  and  hunting  feat. 

Soon  as  Aurora  draws  away  tlie  iiiglit, 
And  edges  eallein  clouds  with  rofy  light, 
Tile  hr  ulthv  lu'.nttman,  vith  a  chear''.ii  horn, 
Summ  ins  the  ilog'-,  ..nd  |',rctts  the  dappled  mcni  ; 
'i'lie  jocund  tli'inder  wakes  tli'  enliven  d  ho'  ;ids ; 
Tiiey  roulc  from  llecp,  and  ar.fwer  louni'.s  l^r  I'. und.. 

Zoblit/.  has  an  iron  four.dcry  in  its  vkiniry;  ar.d  ir, 
celebrated  lor  the  great  ci'iaiuitics  of  allicfio>  (,f  divert 
Colours,  gr;;nite?,  t\c.  f>iind  in  its  nrij:l.boiMiio"d, 
which  likewilc  abounds  wiui  tl;c  ferpent  li.  :w.  '1  Lis 
(tone  is  of  various  c(  I'liis:  the  rtil  being  the  r.'.oll  va- 
luable is  claimed  by  the  .k.nor;;  but  all  li..-  i-.vual 
kinds  are  worked  into  vario'.:.-,  tiinkcts  a;.{i  uter.lili,  by 
tlie  inhabitants. 

Wolkenllein,  on  th-*  Z.fdv  ya,  cont.ins  flveral 
fmall  towns,  ilie  inl-.abit.tTts  of  ail  vMiirli  art  e'.lier  em- 
ployed in  the  lace  manufaftory,  "r  in  miMi-g,  ;-.i  this 
tailiwick  produces  great  quantities  of  minerals,  (jf 
which  we  iliall  dclcrile  tlie  following. 

.Alum  is  either  native  or  factitious.  The  firmer 
fort  is,  at  pref  nt,  very  littL*  kr.ov  n.  Tiie  laiti  r  is 
uliially  dilliLguiflied  by  the  namr  of  the  country  from 
whence  it  comes.  It  is  cf  a  very  b.ivJing  nature,  and 
has  alwavf  been  locked  upon  as  a  gtf  at  ilyptic.  'i  iiat 
of  the  ancients  had  a  fir.cil  like  avjua-fcrtis  but  the 
fiiftitious  has  none  at  all ;  and,  when  placed  over  the 
fire  ih  an  iron  pan,  it  bubbles  up  ami  iielts  like  water. 
When  alum  is  let  to  cryltallize,  it  roiurcres  in'o  a 
figure  with  eight  fides,  w|-ich  loid^s  like  a  triangular 
pyramid,  with  the  argles  ci  t  o(^';  infomuch  that  it  is 
couip<j|"ed  of  four  hcxagi)n  lurfai.cs,  and  four  that  arc 
tri.ngiilar.  From  a  chymical  analvfis  it  a[>peais, 
that  alum  confuls  of  an  acid  vitriolic  fait,  and  an 
altnngcnt  earth  or  bole  intimately  united.  Alum  is 
recotiMuended  for  fwel'ir.gs  of  the  gums,  and  againft 
fluxions  upon  tlic  tonlilo.  When  burnt,  it  will  lukc 
down  praud  flelli  in  wounds  .ind  ulcers.  It  is  of  lu 
uft;  internally ;  only  it  is  fometimes  given,  with  a  large 
portion  of  nutmeg,  for  the  cure  of  the  ague. 

Cobalt  is  a  follil  body,  which  is  heavy,  hard,  and 
almoll  black,  not  very  unlike  antimony.  It  has  a  (ul- 
phu:!()us,  naufeous  finell,  when  kintiled  in  the  hrc  , 
and  is  commonly  mixetl  with  a  portion  of  brats,  and 
loinetimes  of  a  little  filver. 

X'itriol  is  either  native  or  faftitious,  and,  with  re- 
gard to  the  colour,  is  diltinguillieil  into  white,  blue, 
and  green.  White  vitriol  is  mule  into  lar^r  lumps, 
wiiicli  looks  almotl  like  loat'-liigar,  and  has  a  I'weetilh 
talte.  It  ii  found  in  mines,  where  it  Ipiings  t'rth  ir  ).a 
t!ie  tides,  under  the  appearance  of  .i  wonlli'  lubil.'.nce, 
which  bring  dilTolved  in  water,  mull  I'e  boilckl  to  a  doc 
tlacknels;  and,  at  fall,  it  wiil  turn  into  a  white  mafs 
like  fugar.  bometimcs  tlitre  aio  found  in  the  laim; 
mines  pieces  of  vitiiol,  which  ai':  alre.Jy  cryllallized, 
and  .ippear  tianfparent. 

HI'.ie  vitriol  is  dry  to  the  tou'ii,  anri  is  firmed  i.nto 
blue  cryllals,  like  l.ipphircs,  ot  a  riniiiiboid.'.l  limn,  but 
II, It,  .iiid  with  ten  fides.  It  obt.iiiu  its  line  colour  from 
cop'jjer,  and  has  ,i  pun;;ent  talle. 

Green  vitrirol  is  of  an  herbaceous  colour,  and  li.is 
various  names,  according  to  the  ililiereir  |ilaces  from 
whence  it  is  got.  It  .ibouiids  wih  iron,  frcm  whence 
it  has  its  colour;  and  is  cither  in  hige  cryllals,  of  a 
rliMlibaiilal  fiiriii,  "i  in  j  h  i  es  i  omj  f;fi  d  ot  cr)flalline 
grains,  united  to[',ethir,  w!,:cli  .'eel  a  l:".lc  oily  to  the 
touch.      1:  has  a  liurp  ta!';t. 

Common 


RAPHY. 

iildt  gives  name  to 
th  and  Icithcr,  and 

till.-  wood  of  Tha- 
virli  a  caCclc,  Ke- 
[j;  li.ir.  a  Lice  inanu- 
rpriiig  Ic  j^ivfs 
fi-scr.tl  tin,  filvT, 
v'xi,  in.,   wi.h  an 


ig.ir, 
y  iiglit, 
•ar'.ii  horn, 
I.  i!ap]il(\!  incrn  ; 
livciiii  lio'  ;iils  j 
liijni',5  Lr  i'.uiid .. 

rs  vi»ini:y;  ar.d  is 
alliilii)>  (.f  u'.vtrs 

us     llri.'l.bii|;lh()"i!, 

rpviu  li.  ;w.  '1  his 
1x111^!;  tl-'  r.'.olt  vii- 
b'ji  uli  li.L-  ir.-viial 
cib  .i;.(i  utcr.lilb,  by 

,    cont-ins    lc\'('ral 

iiirli  art  fi.lirr  tin- 

ii;  miMrg,  r^  tl)i< 

s   o(    iiiinfr.ils,    (/f 


oils.  Tlic  f'jiinci- 
V  n.  Tiie  lauir  is 
)f  the  coiinii  y  from 
b.nJiiig  nauire,  aiid 
;!rac  rtyptic.  'I  iiat 
K|ua-f(.ni^i  Init  ti.f; 

n  placetl  ovlt  the 
nd  '!',trlts  like  u.ucT, 

it  fonircres  imo  a 
^s  like  a  triangular 

infrsmiirh  tiiat  ir  is 
s,  antl  four  that  arc 
nalvfls  it  apfifais, 
tii  liic  fait,  and  an 
y  united.     Alum   is 

gums,  and  againft 

burnt,  it  will  ukc 
ulcers.  It  ii  of  lu 
given,  with  a  large 
thi;  .'gue. 

i:>  heavy,  hard,  and 
iTiony.  It  has  a  ful- 
.indltd  in  tlie  tire  , 
•ortion  of  braf^,  and 

tioiis,  and,  wit'i  re- 
ed into  white,  blue, 
ie  into  latj/  luinp';, 
r,  and  ha^  a  fweetilli 
it  lj)iing:.  f  irdi  IV  )aJ 
a  woollv  luliil.'.iue, 
ill  be  boilcti  ti(  A  due 
n  into  a  wjiiu'  .rials 
foiled   in  the    lame 
a're.idy  cryllalli/'.ed, 

1,  and  i'.  firmed  into 
i.iiiiil>jid,'.l  liirni,  b'lt 
.  its  line  colour  I'r.Jiii 

■mis  coiiuir,  :ind  h.ri 
dilli-reir  I'laces  fraiii 
h  iiini,  frrin  whence 
liige  tryllals,  (if  a 
ni|  'ificl  of  crUlalline 
1  a   l:"ie  oily  to  the 

Coinn'.oii 


EUROPE.] 


G  fe  R  M  A  N      E  M  P  I  R  fe. 


735 


Common  fulpliur,  or  brimftone,  is  cither  native  or 
faclitious,  or  rather  depurated.  Native  fulphur,  lom- 
moiily  called  liilphur  vivum,  is  either  tranl'parcnt  or 
opaque.  The  tranlparent  appears  like  a  gem  of  a 
gold  colour  i  though  Ibmc  is  met  with  that  is  yellow  i(li 
or  giernil'h.  The  opaque  is  ufually  met  with  in  hard, 
fuki  malTes,  of  a  grerniih  Ihining  colour,  or  iintler  the 
1  oim  of  an  aili-colouring  clayey  gicbc,  inclining  to 
yellow. 

I'ailffiticius  fiilphur  is  prepared  feveral  ways ;  for  in 
fime  places  it  is  boiled  in  water;  but,  in  the  hot 
baths,  fnlpliur  is  railed  in  v.ipours  from  the  water,  and 
ltii:ks  to  the  cover  of  the  Ipriiig  in  iiardilli  lumps,  that 
h.ive  the  api-e.irance  ol  Hour  orfulphur;  and  a  great 
quan.ity  of  this  is  gathered  every  )ear.  Sometimes  it 
is  extrjded  fioru  a  whitifli  clayey  earth ;  and  is  as 
often  obtained  from  the  ftone  railed  the  pyrites. 

Arlenie,  [iroperly  |o  called,  is  estrafted  from  the 
min/ral  called  cob. dr.  If  tliis  be  mixed  with  calcined 
flints  and  pot  afhes,  the  mixture,  la  a  very  llropg  'ire, 
will  turn  i.ito  a  ghfs  of  a  b'neilh  colour,  tiut,  when 
reduced  to  power,  is  called  finalt.  In  the  prej^aration 
of  this  glafs  a  copiiius  I'noak  is  exak-d,  or  r.irlier 
flowcTs,  whioh,  flicking  to  the  fides  of  the  I'lrnace,  and 
C(jllc(ftcd  together,  appear  in  the  iorm  of  a  whue  pow 
tier,  which,  put  into  a  crucible,  and  melted  in  in  t\ 
reeding  rtrong  hre,  turns  into  a  white  h-avy,  h.ird, 
glaiVy  mals,  and  this  is  named  wv.ite  aiieni'-,  v.!ii..h  is 
a  mnft  tiangcrous  poifon.  But  when  r.,  ten  pan.,  of  the 
former  powder  one  of  filphur  is  added,  and  n.'fc.l  a.-. 
before,  then  yellow  arfnie  w  i  be  pn.uu.eei.  ;':i:n, 
if  two  part.-  of  the  lulphur  art  added  to  ten  ui  tl  e 
powder,  and  meked  a-.  Ijeforc,  it  will  ti:rn  to  a  le.niil. 
mafi.,  which  goes  by  ihe  name  of  red  -'f.'Vv;. 

StolLicrg  has  a  .  ioth  .tii.nuraclory ,  ai^J  f  rr'-uilay:! 
gives  name  to  a  bailiv'ick,  which  contains  Ent.  .kin, 
Zwonit:^,  and  Scholc'.tan,  all  c!  them  ii;i.)"rg  towi.-^. 
Tin-  miners  here  are  reiTiarkably  civil,  and  exceedingly 
fond  ol  lhe'.\ i:.g  the  llujierranet,us  ".venders  Ui  die  luines 
to  Itraiigers. 

J\ow  thi.fe  piulounder  regions  they  exi^lore, 

Where  metals  npen  in  valt  cakes  of  ore. 

lieie,  fulLn  to  ilie  fi  iht,  at  large  is  fpread 

The  ilull  riiweildv  mafs  of  lumpilli  lead: 

There,  gliinm'riiig  in  their  dawning  beds,  are  feen 

'1  he  more  alj'iring  feeds  of  fprighilv  tin. 

The  copper  Ij  :iikles  next  in  rnddv  llrcak:;, 

And,  in  t!ic  gloom,  bctiays  its  glowing  ciiccks. 

'ihe  lilver  then,  with  bright  and  burnifh'd  grace. 

Youth  and  .i  blooming  lultre  in  its  lace. 

To  th'  rrms  of  ihofc  more  yielding  metals  flies. 

Ami  in  the  folds  o;  their  ciribrarcs  lies. 

So  dole  diey  t  ling,  fo  llubbornly  retire, 

'I'heir  love  s  more  vi'lcnt  than  the  chymill's  fire. 

Sch.wargenberg  is  an  ancient  town,  defended  by 
^  caltk,  and  inhabltai  by  miners  and  artiiicers  in 
iroti. 

Schneeberg,  on  the  Mulde,  has  a  confiderable  trade 
in  gold  and  lilver  lace,  thread,  filk,  fmalt,  &c.  New- 
f'adt  is  a  I'mall  mine  town  in  its  neii^liboiiriiood ;  and 
l.ybenftock  is  a  mine  town,  'i'he  mines  not  only  pro- 
iliice  nutals,  but  various  kind.s  of jewrK. 

Joharin  Gcoigenfladt  is  a  town  famous  for  the  mines 
in  its  neiglib'iiirhood,  for  a  lace  manufae'lory,  and  for 
a  great  quantiiV  of  emery  made  by  its  inhaljitiinf!. 

Korchberg  has  a  cloth  manufie'fory  j  Zlchorlaw  a 
foundery  and  finalt  mill  i  Welllau  a  lUitl'  mamifadory  ; 
and  Critninichaii,  on  tlie  l'le|];i,  a  linen  and  Hull" 
iiianufaelory,  with  leveral  dyers  and  callico  printers. 

/^vlrkau,  on  the  Mulde,  has  a  lice  li.hool,  libr.uy, 
and  ■  aille,  called  Ollerllein.  It  was  foimerly  an  Im- 
perial ( ity,  a, id  had  a  mint,  which  was  afterwards  re- 
moved to  Dretilen.  It  cairies  on  a  gi eat  trade  in  di- 
vers valuable  articles. 

'IT.e  circle  of  Vogtlaiui  cojuaiiri  the  following 
plates: 


Oelfnitz,  on  the  Elfter,  remarkable  for  a  pearl  fiftiery. 
Maik  Neiikerthen  is  iniiabitrd  by  feme  of  the  btft  mu- 
lical  inUrument  makeri  in  Germany  j  and  .S  hoiieck 
has  many  peculiar  pfivilegM  granted  by  the  emperor 
Charles  IV.  in  the  year  137O. 

Plaiien,  on  the  Elfter,  68  miles  from  Drefden,  is 
the  capital  of  this  circle,  and  the  feat  of  a  fnperir.'.en- 
dency,  and  delis'nded  by  an  old  caftle.  This  place  is 
lb  plcafant,  that  inany  perfims  of  opulence  retire  hither 
to  pafs  their  time  in  a  kind  of  rural  leifure,  or  to  di- 
vert that  leilure  by  ynrious  innocent  amulements. 

Keichcnback  is  celebrated  for  its  excclLmt  fcarlet 
dying. 

In  the  circle  of  Netifladt  is  the  town  of  Neufladr, 
On  the  Orra,  which  has  a  ciftle,  mineofTi'.e,  and  feat  of 
fuperintcnitcncy. 

The  (irde  or  foundation  of  Merfeburg  lies  bei.'. ixt 
Saxe-Hall  and  Naiimber^.  It  wa'  fo.  merly  a  bi- 
lliopri';  (liiiliagan  to  Magdebnr.;)  bi:t  kcnlarized  by 
t'le  cieatv  of  Pallaw,  in  favour  of  the  houle  of  .Sa.sony. 
One  of  tlic  dukes,  who  was  adr^nnilirarsr  of  ir,  haxini]; 
introdijccd  I  .udicranijni  here  ubcur  15'.;,  it  ha.  l^eii 
lince  ap[)iied  as  a  porii'.n  'or  one  of  .-he  younger  Ions, 
to  who  ri  it  gives  "he  title  of  uke,  whl,  w-.t'i  t'l-  reve- 
noes  of  odier  o  :iliwick.'i,  .',s  v  ell  I's  of  -his  on.e  i.jble 
bilkopnc,  is  inabled  to  kee|.  a  Ij-le  lelid  court. 

MeiLbcrL',  A  here  the  doKC  refidi's,  is  a  ci'y  in  a 
chaiiiii:.g  fituation,  auadft  gardens  and  iv:  .  ■,  on 
t''e  b.'.nivS  ol  the  ."-ala  or  .Saal.  1  'ie  emptier  Otho  1. 
wh()lonnded  its  lee  in  9j2:  v.wd-:  it  .s.')  m  I  iii.eri.d 
ciry.  k  is  a  kirge  p.  pulop  row  n,  and  diorght  to  de- 
rive its  nan.eii  im  Nl-rs,  wliom  ihe  !' igan  Saxons  wor- 
I  .  pptt!  li'K-  by  me  iiime  (f  Irmanrecl.  The  great 
.•liurcli,  wi,;..n  was  the  cathedi.il,  lo!:n.l<  d  b;'  r'lC  em- 
peror i  leniy  II.  a  Gothic  buikling,  is  remark:ible  for 
the  nigniiieint  tomb  of  the  emperor  Kodolj^h,  who 
die<l,  attvr  the  lot's  of  a  hand,  in  batile  with  his  com- 
pel if  '  i  Irnry  IV.  ard  n  ..  t  li  a  libr^.y  (/  very  an- 
citnt  MoS.  It  m 
re\enues  of  thi>,  and  'he  f-.i.rr 

ill  fiieiitir  tf  ihe   S  ;X'jn   ai,i.    ^. 
I  , 


c  oblervtd  here,  that  part  of  the 
bifliornrc,  '.  '  ■■'zed 
..._,..'  ^  '"  ■'.'.'•",  is 
nppropriao  !  t  ...tiI'  th'.  tr.ainttr.tncc  of  a  numb  r  of 
canons  belongir_;  .j  vach  cathedral,  r.nd  the  refl  to  the 
adminilfrators  of  tlie  refpeftive  princes.  The  city  is 
\\ell  biilt,  though  not  in  the  medern  tafte.  It*  walls, 
and  its  feven  tcwers,  are  of  free  (lone.  The  wars  in 
the  lafl  century  diil  great  damage  to  this  place,  v.l.ich 
was  fuccellivily  the  prey  of  t.ie  c<;nier.d.ng  arm'es. 
Count  Tilly  took  it  in  Hijt,  as  the  Swedes  did  after- 
wards; and  the  Imperialilts  and  Saxons  alio  maftered 
it  in  their  turn.  It  had  formerly  a  very  fiourilbing 
trade,  and  a  very  fimous  yearly  fair,  from  the  year 
1047  to  I20D,  when  it  was  almoft  burnt  down,  and 
the  merchants  rcinoved,  with  their  efl'etfts,  elfe^liere. 
Lauchlhdt  is  celebrated  for  a  medicinal  fpringj  as 
is  l.utzen  for  a  famous  battle  fought  near  it,  between 
the  Imperialifb  and  the  Swedes,  in  wliich  the  former 
were  defeated :  but  the  celebrated  Gulhvus  Adolphus 
lolt  his  life. 

Hark  I  the  llirill  trumpet  tends  a  mortal  found. 
And  prancing  horfes  Ihake  the  fblid  ground ; 
'I'he  furly  tlrums  refiunding  from  afar 
^^  ith  all  the  tlreadful  iiunic  of  the  war. 
From  the  drawn  I'words  eft'ulgent  flames  arife, 
Flalh  o'er  the  plains,  and  lighti  n  to  the  Ikies. 
The  heav'ns  above,  the  fields  ami  Hoods  beneath, 
Glare  formidably  bi-ight,  and  fbine  with  death. 
In  fiery  llornis  eld'cends  a  murd'rous  l1iov. 'r : 
Thick  llafii  the  lightnings,  fierce  the  thcnilers  roar, 
As  when,  in  wrathful  mood  almighty  Jove 
Arms  his  lire-bolts,  reil  lillllno  from  abo\e; 
I'hrough  the  fing'd  air,  with  iinrelillcd  I'wav, 
The  f()rky  vengeance  rends  its  fiami.ig  v,  ny; 
And,  while  the  firmament  with  thunder  roar^, 
I'rom  their  foundations  liiirls  imperi.il  tow'is. 
So  riilh  the  globes  with  many  a  fiery  nnmd, 


'1  he  fi'.ape  ot"man  half  buried,  in  the  woun. 


And 


ii 


m 


r»'si  'ii 


i't:':! 


m 


I    l' 


;b" 


7/' 


A  NFAV,  ROYAL,  am.  AUTIIl  NTIC  SYSTEM  or  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAPHY. 
AnJ,  lo  !  while  in  tin-  lliuik  of  \v:ir  thcv  cluli-, 


I'!! 


' . 

i  •' • 

it 

ll 

Wliilt  Iworiis  meet  Iword^,  ;\nii  I'ics  t-ncoi:ntcr  foi'S, 
'I'he  trcicli'rous  eartll  bi.-nr.'.tii  thrir  footlKp  litavfs, 
Her  tinniils  tremble,  aiul  lur  Unoin  l.c.ives; 
SuiKli-n  ill  binds  of  liif  eriijitions  rile, 
And  wliirl  tiie  torn  b.i:talions  to  the  Ikies. 
Thus  eartiiqiiakes,  niiubling  \sith  a  thiiii.i'rini^  foiinil, 
Sliake  the  \v  iile  world's  firm  bafe,  and  rcn-i  t!ie  ground  i 
Roi-ks,  hiiis,  and  groves  are  toll  into  tlie  Iky, 
And  in  one  miglity  ruin  nations  die. 
The  fonndation  or  billiopric  of  Naumbcrg  lies  be- 
twixt Saxe-AltenbiMg,  on   the   north  eall,  and   Saxe" 
Gotha  Oil  i!ie  well,  and  was  feized  by  the  ek-clor  o' 
Saxony   in    17  iS,  on   the  death  of  the  lad  duke  o* 
Sjxe-Zeit";. 

riie  city  of  tlie  like  name,  whiih  w.^  once  a 
billio[>"s  fee,  iin-ler  the  .irihbilliop  of  Mat'drburg,  and 
an  imperial  to«n,  Hands  on  rf.e  river  .'>ala,  or  Saal. 
This  t(7wn  ib  faoious  tor  its  fairs  which  are  the  moll 
confiderable  in  S.ixoiiv,  next  to  tliofe  in  Leipfic.  An 
hillorian  of  credit  fiy.s,  that,  in  1714,  it  was  bnnit 
down  u['on  irs  fair  day,  which  is  June  nj ;  and  that 
h'-Tc  is  a  large  caille,  built  bv  one  of  the  landgraves  of 
Thuringia.  "  Its  ancient  cathedral  is  yet  Handing;  and 
th?  Lutherans  have  a  chapter  of  canons,  who  mull 
prove  their  nobility  bv  iC  defcents,  both  by  the  fathers 
and  iT.otheis  liJe.  The  fuburbs  of  this  city  are  almoll 
all  \inevards,  but  the  wine  is  bad.  'J'he  billiopric  was 
f)undtd  by  the  emperor  Otho  I.  in  051,  ar  Zeits  and 
tranl'planteil  hither  in  91:.  Lntheranifm  was  intro- 
duced licre  in  the  be^uining  of  the  i6di  century,  by  its 
bi:l-.op,  at'ter  whole  death  the  elector  took  the  adilii- 
iiiltration.  It  was  ceded  to  him  bv  the  treatvof  P.ifl'aw 
in  I  55-  ;  and  it  pave  a  title  to  the  branch  ot  irs  fanv.ly, 
which  w-as  called  adniiniflrator ;  imt  the  fill:  prelate 
turned  Papilt  in  1717,  by  uhiJi  he  was  rendered  in- 
capable of  enioying  the  I'rotcllar'  billit  pric. 

For  a  defcription  of  the  cleiflorate  of  IVindenbnrf!;, 
the  reader  is  referred,  to  <iur  account  ot  the  I'rulilan  do- 
minion.-, i.i  \v!;ich  it  is  in<.luded. 

The  Frir.cipa'itv  of  Wkimt?,  lies  between  tlie  river 
Saal  and  the  county  of  Schwait^lvirg,  and.  ctMitains  the 
bailiwicks  of  Bercka,  Jena,  Orianiund,  ];)urnlbera;, 
and  Tonvioif,  with  feveral  f  .refts  and  towns.  Uefides 
that  which  i^  properly  the  duchy  of  Weimar,  the  duke's 
o-her  tihites  in  L'pper  Saxony  are  thole  (jf  the  branch 
of  >aNe-Lna,  (n  which  this  prince  is  jointlovercign 
with  the  duke  of  Saxe-1-.ilenach,  -wth  whom  he  enjoys 
many  other  things  in  comrnon,  lu(  h  as  the  r.-verlion 
of  feveral  eftates,  archives,  tolK,  and  mines.  1  lis  re- 
venues are  computed  at  about  So,o:ol.  a  year,  witli 
which  he  maintains  loco  regular  troops  in  the  fiacll 
orier,  and  keeps  a  tolerable  court.  The  chief  places 
in  this  principality  are  the  folfiwing: 

Ma!!;'.!eia,  a  m.uket-town  ;  Iiutllol",  on  tiie  LolTe, 
ronliderahle  for  a  beart  fiiri  and  Sai/.a,  on  tiie  11m, 
famous  for  a  lak  w'ork. 

The  I'lineipality  of  I'r.rx  •.cii  lies  nn  rlir  !•' rentiers 
of  i  K'lle,  It  is  mountainous,  and  tlie  lurfaie  barren  ; 
but  tl.c  hilK  are  replete  with  mines  of  iron,  copper, 
allum,  vitriol,  laliiie  Iprin;^-,  iVc.  Luther.milin  is 
the  cllablilhed  religion,  and  the  principal  |iaeev  ;ire, 

lMfcn;'.ch,  which  gave  name  to  the  iiriiv  i|;ality,  and 
is  its  cajiital.  It  is  fnuated  on  the  Nede,  aivl  contains  a 
^^ymnaliuni,  a  ilucal  palace,  a  feat  of  college,,  and  a 
fuperinreiKlency.  In  a  caille,  on  a  neighbouiiiig 
mountain,  .Martin  Luther  fuilVrcd  1  1  :n  )n'hs  impri- 
lonment. 

AlKlcrr,  a  town  of  great  antiquity,  is  defeniicd  bv  a 
Lallle,  and  gives  name  to  a  luperititcndency  and  baili- 
V,  ji-k.  Tile  emperor  Otho  had  a  palace  in  this  town, 
and  lield  a  diet  here  in  'j'^.  Many  of  his  medals  have 
I'een  liiund  in  di:.'ging  about  the  tov,-n  an;l  iti  environs. 

'l'h<'  nisd.d,   faitiiful  to  its  charge  of  l.ime. 
Thro'  ilinH's  aiiJ  ages  L)ears  each  form  and  name: 
4 


In  one  lliort  view,  liibjeifled  to  our  eye, 
(iods,  emp'rors,  heroes,  l.iges,  beauties  lie. 
Willi  lliar[ieiK'd  liglit  [lule  antiquaries  pore, 
'I'll'  inlciiption  v.iluc,  but  the  rull  adore: 
I'his  the  blue  v.irilli,  that  tlie  green  endears. 
The  ficiril  mil  of  twice  ten  luindred  vear.t ! 
Oh  I  when  lliall  Britain,  conlciou:)  of  her  claim. 
Stand  emulous  of  Circek  and  lioman  fame; 
in  living  medals  fee  her  wars  cnroH'd, 
And  vanquillid  realms  llipply  recording  gold. 

Jana,  on  the  Saal,  14  niiics  cafl  of  \Veimar,  is  a 
wclkfortified  town,  i)lealantly  fituated  amidll  vine- 
yarils.  1  lere  is  an  imiverlity,  witii  a  library,  oblcrva- 
tory,  pliylic-gaiden,  &c.  a  conlillory,  Latin  and  (ier- 
man  fotiety,  free-fciiool,  and  ducal  pal.ice.  Both  tiie 
town  and  unlverlity  have  fine  gardens. 

The  Duchy  of  Cor.viK;  is  fituated  in  the  circle  of 
the  LIpper  Saxony,  though  the  inhabitants  call  tlicin- 
lelves  I'"ranconians.  It  belonged  formerly  10  the  counts 
of  Ilenneberg,  but  lias  been  polVelled  by  t!ie  dukes  of 
Saxe  Ciotlia  ever  lince  167+. 

Its  capital,  cf  the  lame  name,  is  one  of  the  mod  an- 
cient towns  in  Germany,  prettv  large,  well  built,  and 
defended  by  tiie  duke  of  Saxe-Ciotha's  llrong  calUe,  on 
a  neighbouring  hill,  where  Liitlier,  who  rcfided  here 
lor  the  moll  j'art  during  the  diet  of  Auglburg,  in  15,0, 
to  be  at  lianii  to  inllrud  liis  adherents,  w.is  fe.eral 
times  impriloncd,  and  where  he  compofcd  ievcr.il 
iiymns  and  epilUes.  Here  is  a  college,  with  1  i  profcf- 
lors  of  leveral  faculties,  called  Calimir  college,  be- 
caufe  founded  in  ido:,  by  John  Gaiimir,  elrcl: or  of 
Saxony,  who  had,  in  1597,  alio  built  the  houfc  for  the 
coiMtb  of  jullice.  The  court,  or  palace,  where  the 
d.ukes  reli.led,  is  in  the  town  itielf,  very  near  the  great 
cuiri  ii.  The  Aug'burg  conteHlon  is  the  religion  p,-o- 
tcdc:d  in  tliis  iluchy.  In  the  citailcl  are  old  archives, 
wherein  are  preferved  many  important  inllruiitions  re- 
lating to  v.-x  hillory  oi  the  reformation. 

The  diicliy  of  Coburg  belongs,  in  part,,  to  the  duke 
of  1  lildburgbaufen,  or  I  lilpcrrnaulcn,  which  is  the 
name  uf  a  town,  with  a  fine  caille,  where  he  refides. 
It  is  a  grand  building,  of  Iree-llone,  according  to  the 
modern  talle.  To  liim  .ill')  belongs  Holburg,  another 
town,  with  a  tine  callie,  and  kveral  others  of  lelfer 
note'. 

Steinliead  is  a  fniall  town,  and  w.is  anciendy  a  gold 
mine. 

Sennel.iurg  gives  itame  to  a  baili.vick,  in  wliiih  are 
two  market  towns,  named  Indcnbacli  and  Murfchii';'/. : 
I'.ifzfeld,  on  the  Werra,  contains  a  ducal  palace,  a  La- 
tin fcliool,  glafs-lioule,  vitriol  manufactory,  powder 
blue  m.uuifictory,  lias  a  luperintendency,  and  give* 
name  to  a  bailiwick. 

Koninglherg  is  lituate  1  on  a  Iiill,  and  defended  by 
.in  ancient  caille.  It  contains  a  ftijierintendency,  and 
gives  name  to  a  baiiiwicl;.  In  Lmmerfladt  town, 
on  the  ri\er  Rodach,  are  a  hunting  palace  and  a 
fait  work. 

The  Principality  of  S.\xr.-GoTii.-.  io  bounded  by 
N'aumberg  on  the  eall ;  the  lanJgraviatc  of  Helle  and 
Sa.\c  I'.ifenach  on  tlie  well;  the  county  of  Eulurt  aiiJ 
I  lalle  on  the  north  and  n.irtli-eall ;  aiui  l''raiicoiiia  on 
the  lourh.  its  dukes  are  tlefcended  from  the  elector 
John  l>ri.deiiik  the  Magnanimous,  who  was  depoled 
by  the  em|)eror  Charles  \'.  in  1574,  fince  wliidi  tiie 
youngell  braiu  h  has  enjoyed  tlie  electorate. 

'Lhe  eftates  of  its  ff)vereign  are  (befules  the  duchy  of 
(iorlia,  including  the  lordlhips  ot  'Lenna,  Waehlen- 
ijurj',  iuul  I(  hteilliaiileii)  the  b.iiiiwi^k  of'  Kranlchfeld, 
the  monallt  ry  of  V'olkcnroda,  and,  in  the  country  of 
Altenburg,  the  towns  of  Altenburg,  OrlamunJa, 
Kala,  l.etu  liienbin;;,  Sclimoelie,  Sicliweiglioff,  itc. 
I  li--  titf  ;,  are  the  lam-  ns  thofe  of  the  duke  of  Saxe- 
I'yli'nach,  with  the  addition  only  of  the  lordlhip  of 
Tonni,  and  they  diller  but  little  from  tliol'e  of  tlie 
clertor  of  Saxony :  and  as  of  all  the  Saxon  princes  of 
the  I''.rncllin>-  branch,  tliii  duke  is  the  luolf  powerful, 

lo 


f>  01' .ill  t: 
hi.  i:.  the 
ths-  oTicti 
princo. 
fin.tiKcs, 
0!  ;,;,ei;at 
'lis  111  rrie: 

0«.>tlul, 

rwrr  !  ,tm 
two  ilavs 
in  if, CI. 
thud   .M"  )^' 

vere'gn   I 
ti'ucli,  il 
a  longer  '( 
ingjy;  an 
in  fever.:!  ; 

John  :■ 

finer  b)  '. 
or.i.r,  de 
\.\  15  ,:, 
bein  '   au-i 


palue, 
lliilr,   le 
and    li;k 


ii 


RArny. 

eye, 

mifs  lie. 

b  |)ore. 

ilore : 

emlcars. 

1  ycMr,( ! 

f  iu-r  claim, 

1  fame ; 
1 

111 

ding  gold. 

)("  Weimar 

is  a 

;d    amiiiil 

vine- 

library,  obi 

irva- 

Latin  and 

(icr- 

alacc.     Both  tlie 

I  in  the  circle  of 
itants  call  tlicm- 
erly  lo  the  counts 
by  the  dukci  of 

e  of  the  nioft  an- 
',  well  built,  and 
llrong  faille,  oa 
^lio  rcfidcd  here 
igl'ourg,  in  15,0, 
ents,  was  fe.cral 
;oiiipol'cd  levcral 
■,  with  1  I  proftf- 
inir  college,  be- 
afunir,  elrd  )r  of 
the  houfc  for  the 
lalace,  where  the 
ry  near  the  i^rrat 
the  religion  p,o- 
are  old  archives, 
it  inlirudions  re- 
1. 

part,  to  the  duke 
pn,  which  is  the 
where  he  rciides. 
according  to  the 
lolburg,  an  )ther 
others   ot  lellcr 

anciently  a  goU 

.k,  in  whiih  are 
and  Murfchhi'/. : 
cal  palace,  a  l.a- 
iilactury,  powder 
Jcncy,   and   give* 

and  defended  by 
erintendency,  and 
'nimcrfladt  town, 
in:   p.dacc   and   a 

ij  bounded  by 
■iate  of  Ilcde  and 
itv  of  Muliirt  and 

anil  I'rancoiiia  on 
I  iVom  the  elector 
who  was  depol'cd 
,  fiiice  which  the 
pirate. 

idcs  the  duchv  of 
Tenaa,  WaJifcn- 
k  of  Kranichfcld, 
in  the  coiintrv  of 
u!|^',  OrlanMHida, 
licliweij^hohf,  lic, 
le  duke  of  Saxe- 
)f  the  lordlhip  of 
roin  thole  of  tlie 
i-  Say.on  princes  of 
le  iijoll  powerful, 
lb 


FUROPK.] 


C;  ]•.  R  M  A  N       F,  M  I'  1  R  1',. 


fj  of  all  the  i;  ."irrs  of  Sa>r.iny,  next  to  that  o!  Drei'.Ien, 
hi-,  i;^  tS>'  ;n.-l!  rii.inroir.  an'.i  nMrniii.jnr.  iU:  i.:..  .til 
the  iicViCdS  of  .1.1  ■:  ll'.a:  ::■:■■■  c:.:i;:i.;j:i  t.)  f).\i,;,';n 
prince?,  iiv  i  :•-'  iir:.!.  rir  ni.;n  i;^"nv  ;ir  "i  I,;,  jMbllc 
fina.iics,  h..i  !'..;.jc^- .  aic  [III- J'M'i  bi.vic.r.l  v.iiii  ta:ic.-i 
(,1  ,,;,'  ti.il.  in  1  nini  r-V.  i  il ,  ..•l.i: .'  j: .  .■. -il  c;  ;a.!ajd, 
'ii'>  \]\  I  i!''s  {:•  ■',  .;.ui  ;ii  •  ili.li :.  1. 1'vCii  .....I  i)i.j;ctl  ^v""-^' 

ii.itli.i,  ti.c  .  U'ilal  lit;,-,  i'.  a  I.'.r;'e  v.il!.,:  ',  Avn  ,i;uhc  j 
r'Vrr  l.i:n.'  It  r.  f;'na:>  t  in  .;  hr..-  curilODiitry,  about 
two  tiavs  lourn.-y  1  1..I1  of  .  I.'.aw.  cj.  I'l  chid  iia.ie  i,. 
in  d\ci  ■  I- vi.l,  "I  wii"  ,'!  t'l-v  :.;.'e  liir.-e  crop,  tiu: 
third  .',r  )'*"!.;  v.i;  i.  I  :;:■.  ;.;:;)  1,  c;  \:;'..cd  I'icii  a  lu- 
verc'^n  l\..lami- ,  ;■-  to  (nic  ■.vo'i;!  Is  :i!iii,_.ll  witii  a 
ti'Mch,  ii  ;.iken  Im  i.^M-.  It  ieic:nl):vv  p!.uit.iiii,  hii:  lui', 
a  l.iii:;er  '(  ..  .  "ir.r  lois  latfM  l).;.-:in  :■]■  nir.d  CNCced- 
ii'.^'y  ;  an.l,  Ivii.., 'i:n;i  ,!)r  over  to  I'.ii  ;  ia.l,  tliiiveuell 
in  fcver.;i  j.l.K  >■■'.      i  I' .c  .ir>- t-vo.  h'ircho  :;nd  an  iuMJiral. 

J(/iin  !  !■  Jrri'  k,  ei'-tor  'd  Sa;:  ,:iv,  bjin^^  taken  pri- 
fiiner  b)  '^'hait-.s  \  .  the  old  r.iitle  ot'Ciotli.i  w,is,  by  his 
fir.l.r,  dcinniiincl.  \\  hen  t;-,.-  il.'tor  w.i,  ict  at  liberty 
ill  15  ,:,  he  1'.  Iv.illf  ir,  .m  '  Mia.le  it  larger.  The  place 
bciii^;  ai^.iin  t'.'.cn  in  iv'<;,  v^.i'-  licinoliihed  a  Iccond 
time,  after  a  1  .r.^;  an.l  ixpi  ulive  ii.  ,^e  j  but  duis- l-.r- 
nell,  iDrnanici!  i';c  Fcius  rilvjiii  it,  caufcd  b,/h  that 
and  the  t  Asn  t )  ti,'  11,.  .11,^  .r.M  \.ii  1  ditc!ies  and  ram- 
parts, and  ''ivc  ii  I'li-  nil-,-  fi  iM'icdL'i-.dein,  or  the 
CaiHe  of  !\.'.'  .,  1.1  oji;;- ;i.;  •;■.  t.)  it:,  ancient  name  of 
(irimmcrl'U;;.,  or  -.'.e  C.ild-  ol'  I'urica.  It  fl.uiJs  by 
ilfcir  on  ,1  nill,  l'i-i!n  u!i(  u'-  time  is  a  vail  pr  >!pecl 
DviT  a  Hi.ii.  •  l.ii-i.  If  I  MV-iin-.  a  iibr.iry,  a  cabir.et  ol 
ci:ri  fities,  a  tha;J,  a  lunir,  ^,n  armoury,  a  the.itre, 
an-.l  a  l.itv.i.irorv ,  ,uid  is  enibelillied  v.iili  fine  gar- 
dens, .1^  i-,  I- ,;  leiickiha!,  ;  notiier  diical  palace  in  the 
fubiiilis.  1  f-rc  are  llver.l  cliurches,  a  inilitarv  and 
Other  hofpi'.aii,  an  acadruv  (or  cadet.s,  '.-.iiif-'is  Iclr.ol-, 
a  c  )ilei;e  to'iiiiii-,',  rki'11  ;-h(:ule,  green  hoi.lc,  'nater- 
works,  poircl'in,  .ml    Jtiicr  uianuia';lories. 

The  I'liuMj -':'.  y  (  t'  Ai.  i  i.m;i-!'.c.  i^  well  vv-.-.tered, 
has  a  truittui  Ion,  an.l  rich  n.incs.  I'iiC  iiili.iliit.ints  ,irt 
laillierans,  .uvl  luw;  Ive  I'.ip. rintcn.'. :..;>■ :  a;;-.i  tiie 
princip  '.]    '!i  ■■ ',  ...r  ; ,  *  ;.l  :  ,v  : 

Carnl!i;r-',  on  ti,c  ■'^".il,  wnuii  w,is  I,  i,-.i(  r'y  ihc  ca- 

]  it  ll  ;  S'li/..',  Oil  till-  I'll,  |-'.':;l.!lk.'.blc-  l-ir  ili  fa!'. 
woik'-i  R'k!i,  o|  ;;i,-  i;.  .i.i.  .1  .v-.rkct  to>\:!,  c:):u.'.:r,- 
in:.;  a  i!'.-"i  ..:i  ! '.;  irki;'.;;  :i,:.  .  .I'.u't-.ry  ;  ai-„l  Dri..;'.;:::  la, 
on  t;-,-'  S.ii!,  a  t  ,,v,i  uhilIi  dtcaycil  (icm  us  ;  riilir.e 
gr...-. :.,  IT. 

Ri  ■.r,ii);::i;  li'.i  m..nula:K)rlc:i  ot  wo-illcn  ckuli, 
cair'icn  -.  ins,  ^.■.■. 

.-vkcn'i"!-,;,  on  thf  I'leiV--,  .-^7  m'lli.s  wt-ll  of  DiJ'Jcn, 
is  the  feat  ol  t'le  chic;  i;ri;' cs  1  -r  the  dillricb.  ot  :l.c 
prill.  i;).iiif,-.  1  I'.c  t  vvii,  wiiich  is  lar:;e,  and  was  once 
an  linuciial  o  v,  t  -.ira  rs  ,1  j.iu'ulation  l.ir  the  educa- 
tion (•!  younj,  ..  .i-.s  of  Ji-r;i\cd  I  .luilics,  a  home  be- 
Icniiiii  ^  I  > 'iu  I'cuMCi.:' o.dir,  anoipii.in  houfc,  .liioule 
of  .  .me.  t;  .11,  a  coil';-.-,  .I'jiar;.,  and  muleuni.  It 
gives  11.'.  lic  to  a  uii;,i  i,  uiiiii  contains  Lucca, 
tch:'.!  li.cii,  (i ';..-:.■,    i:id  Mu:s...;t.:. 

TIjC  m.ll  .  ...':  .  .'.■•ic  ]  :;,.  Cs  in  tiie  fiii.iU  piiiii-jM- 
lity  Oi'  Saxi.  Co,,,  ,,o-'\\.m,ii  I.I),   are 

.S.ialicld,  .1  I.. mil  .-ine  tour,  on  tne  Saal,  wiiich  con- 
tain^  the  lui'i:  fir  die  circl-.-  of  I'jiiHr  Saxony,  a  d.ical 
paluc,  a  I  ,r.iiniiui-  Iciio-'l,  \  iniol  houle,  limliini!;- 
hou!r,  fc\--.T,\l  clr.irchc.-i,  ni.'.i'ui.i-.  lories  of  cloth,  !j:old 
and  li;k  lliili>,  v,-,c.  .S.i  d  i  i,i-,.b'.)ey,  a  Henedicline 
nio'ia  'erv ,  on '.-  .1  .  .1  >  n  .1  1  I'.aii.^-ii.e  ncir  this  tonn, 
tlu  all.)  t  a  v..ii  11  \,,i,  ,11  ,,  ,  ,1  |,i!iice  ot  the  enii  ire, 
anil  '..iU   1  .    .t  h.-hI  \oi.  j  ;:;  ,  ,     0  i-|s. 

I'oliu. ;.  i.,  a  fiiMli  bur  ;  ',/.;  .;:s  t.)u:!,  full  of  [-^t- 
ter-,  .loiimrs,  an, I  .'ui:  ..-i  .  .  I..  :.;'in  is  a  town  clc- 
br :'  d  j.-r  ii.i'lai.j;  ■\  '|u.iirs  o'  •.><.■.  ilrnt  Hate  in  the 
neii'J.oourii.nd  ,  ..r.  i  iniicinhu  1.  a  I'o.iil  town  near 
the  river  /.C)  t.  ii,  in  wl.icli  aK  fidue  iioa  aixi  Clipper 
wori-.s,  wkh  a  yi.i!-  houl--. 

Tils'  trrritoric:  hci   ii;:!!!!.',   (■>  die  lioi;ie  oi    i  '.\i-'(iciJ 
con'.iin  ciiiy  lilaiickenii,.y'',  a    ini.ill    to\\,i,  and   Wan- 
dcllcben,  a  niaikct-tov  11,  on  lac  .\oti.lU(.t. 
No.  17. 


Tiie  little  Prinriralitv  or"  O-lrfi 


7i7 

contains  tlie 


f^)ll.)V. in;.',  places: 

(.J^isilurt,  from  which  tiie  jiincipalitv  receives  its 
ni'iiie,  isaco::::.!erah!et.jwn,  includiiiirtl.t  fuburbs,  with 
a  callle,  on  a  Ii;.!,  ni  ths.  vii  inity.  It  i.- the  leat  of  a  lU- 
peiiiiiendm.-y,  and  has  a  "leat  annual  rair  on  the  Wed- 
iieM.iy  in  the  }■'.  titer  weeiv. 

Daiirne  is  tli.-  leat  of  a  lupcrinrendcr.cy,  and  has  a 
iliical  p.ili-e  in  tiie  neii-hb.".:;-  ;oo  I. 

juterback,  on  the  .'.ngcrhack,  is  a  liii.dl  tovn,  near 
wi.uli,  in  10.J4,  a  batrk- was  f.iuijht  between  the  Swedes 
an.;  liiijHri.ililN,  i,i  \>hich  the  fjiincr  were  viiforioiis. 

Tile  l'iinci|iality  oi' Anijalt,  lituatcd  between  the 
liv'is  1-dbe  and  .S.iai,  ii  tiivi.ied  into  the  four  branches 
ot  iJellau,  ij,;rnbsTg,  Zerblt,  and  Cothen.  \N'lu-n  the 
d  -.niini.iir.  v\ere  liius  divided,  it  was  ai^reed  to  tubmit 
to  tile  eklill  ot  tiic  fiir.ilv,  who  has  the  fui);L'iriC  go- 
vernmen:,  and  tlie  only  power  to  ailcmble  the  re!l  up- 
on iiiatirr:,  ol  conlcjuence.  Tl.cy  iiave  all  but  one  vote 
in  tlie  diet,  in  wiiicii  they  g<m  rally  dej-ute  one  of  their 
number  to  rejin  fi  nt  them.  The  ri^ht  of  leniority  has 
bc.-n  ellabliihed  for  foiU'-  years  in  tlie  branches  of 
Ceiiibrrg  una  Zerbfl,  wliicli  .ire  t'le  moil  numerous. 
It  appears,  fr.im  hillory,  that  ti-.is  family  has  been  pro- 
d.uciive  ot  mighty  warri.ir:;,  and  many  other  famous 
iiien;  and  that  they  Iiave  matched  into  the  ^.;rcatciL  fa- 
milies of  the  cnipi  e. 

The  ell.ites  ot  the  prince  ol'  .'Xnliak  Delkrj  are  the 
|'iiiici[ality  of  Delfau,  with  the  town  of  that  name; 
\'\  orlitz,   ui),)'i    tiie    Llbe ;    Rutlegatl:,    Sundcrllebtn  -, 
Oraiiienb.uim,  a  feat  on  the  confines  of  the  eledoratc 
of  S.ix-iny;  Ragun,  jeliiitz,  &c.     The  p'ince  of  An- 
iialtTiernb.irg   poilellirs  the  lordfliip  of  iJLrnburg,  on 
the  .'^aal,  and   Bellenitadt;  Old  Anlialt,  from  wlunce 
tie- family  is  (k  nominated  ;  1  larf.^gerode  ;  Little  Zeitz, 
will  re  he  relides;  and  the  ab*"'ev  of  (jirnrode,  for  la- 
dies; ot  wiiicli  la!l  the  princes  m  .-\rihalt  have  the  ad- 
vowfiin.      'l  he  piince  of  .-\niiak  Cothca  has  the  town 
and   territory    of    that    lur.r,    betv,'ecn    the   Saal    and 
Mulda,  with    I'lotzkcw  i  ili.-    b.iiliv.itk   of  Nienburg, 
on  tlie  "'.lal,  hcntolore  an  akbey;  W'olfen,  the  upper 
conr.iiy  ol    V.'orealdorl,  ar.d  Guftcn.      Ike  prince  of 
-•Viihalt-ZerbU   poiVclIes  tlic   town   o''  that   n;:me,   widi 
ti'.e    bailiwicks   of   Liiidau,    Cofwit/,  Kofiiici;,   Rofla, 
.-.'lualigcn   of  M..L',^k-bui-<.',     W.iter-Nienburg,    Dom- 
biii'i,  Meckcrn,  and  the  lordlliips  of  Javern,  or  Ye- 
vt-tn,    in    Okierburg.      lie    has   alio   lac    revcrlion    of 
th.-  teirirory  of  Kiiipliaukn.      It  is  computed,  that  the 
revenue  of  eadi  is  ab-iut  70C0I.  a  year.     'I'here  is  no 
univciiity  in  this  country;  but  prince  Lewis  of  Gothen 
toundcd  a  learned  fo.dity,  the  members  of  which  have 
been  chiclly  employed  in  tranda:ions  of  ancient  Cjreek 
and  Latin  authors,  and  tlie  iir.pro\ement  of  the  Ger- 
man langiKU-e.      lie  iviis  the  hrii  [relldent;  anil,  in  a 
Ihort  time,  above   20  princes,  and  bco  mdiicmen,  cn- 
lereil  into  the  r,)c;ety,  which  is  called  tiie  kructilying 
Society,  and  ha^  very  much  advanced  tiie  learning,  and 
improved  d.e  languajj.e  of  the  (ierman...     Tiie  people 
01  Dedlui,  according  to  the  I'reljnt  State  of  i  iermany, 
are  Calvinills,  and  the  otliers   Luther.iiis ;  but,  in  tlie 
to.n  01  Zeibli,  there  ,.re  b.ith  Calvinill   ami  Lutherans. 
It  IS  a  good  corn  country,  w.ite:  d  by  tiie  Saal  anJ  die 
Mulda,  and  its  principid  trade  is  in  beer. 
Tlie  chief  towns  are 

Dci.au,  on  the  Llbe,  at  the  iiiilux  (>f  the  Mulda  S 
miles  louth  of  ZeibU,  and  20  call  of  Hernberg.  It 
lie,  in  a  pltalar.r  Iniiifi.l  country,  ib  well  fo'.tined,  and 
ad  rncd  with  the  prince's  palace.  In  one  of  the  cha- 
pels till  re  is  the  tomb  of  one  Rehebeck,  an  old  miller, 
who,  liavi'iu  f-illowed  Waldemar,  manpiis  of  lir.iiiden- 
burg,  to  the  w.iis,  win  re  the  latter  was  (lain,  the  fiir- 
mcr  pi  rioiiated  him  fi  artfully,  that  he  u.is  rcljiciled 
as  the  niar-iui-;  liiiiiliil.  The  tiaile  ot  this  tmcn  is  i:i 
excellent  liter,  whicii  is  tranlpoitcd  all  cvci  the  coun- 
try. If  li.td  a  line  bridge  uur  the  fdl-'e,  wliicli  the 
I  mi-  ;i  iliUs  btiriit  in  ifiji . 

.'.viMl  itands  a  little  call  of  the  J'dbe,    10  miles  north 

of  iklkiu,  and  .1')  ii'jrth  ol  Lciplic.     It  is  very  ancient, 

9  A  and 


\i 


•I  ai 


4 


M 


10' 


iim 


r  y|5 


'm 


738        A  Nl'AV,  ROY  A!.,  and  AUriiF.NTIC  SYSTFM  of  irN'lVrK<;AI.  GrOC.RAI'nY. 


^*'f^; 


IS^,: 


and  well  fortitifii,  accniuiiv^  ro  the  import  ol  the  naiuf  I 
which,  in  the  Wi-iKliin  di.ik'iJt,  (i^nifies   i-dit.     1:  i>   | 
remarkable  for  little  now  liiil  lHin>^  tlu-  leat  of  its  prime, 
and  a  brewery,  prodiittive  ot  t'uch  exci'llcnt  niilt li(ju()r, 
that  in  Krantonia  it  tirlls  dearer  than  w.r.f. 

Bcrnbiirg  is  atbrtit'td  town,  in  a  fn'.itl';il  trrriro:-.-,  en 
the  banks  of  tlie  Saal,  8  miles  from  the  Mb,-,  i8  eall 
of  Deilau,  and  n  loutli  of  M,i^;deburg.  '1  he  prince 
has  a  palaee  here,  fcparatttl  from  the  t.;wn  bv  the  river. 
This  place  N\a3  taken  in  i(i;,o,  by  (i.e  troops  ol  the 
delator  of  Saxony,  when  thry  put  the  Swedilh  gariilon 
to  the  fword,  and  plundered  the  town, 

Barbi  belonns  to  a  priice  of  the  WtilTcnfcls  branch  of 
Saxonv,  who  has  eret'ted  a  noble  calUe  in  it,  withcoin- 
niodious  apartmcnfs,  and  crinilon  velvet  iurniture,  em- 
broidered with  r',old.  Here  is  a  fnperb  lidnon,  whic!', 
with  the  cldlet  and  ceilii'i;,  is  finely  paintid.  It  has 
gardens  dcli[;hthillv  iitiiated  by  the  fide  of  ilie  I'loe. 
'I'he  duke  of  ISaibi  is  th  ■  only  ralvinilt  prince  of  tie 
Saxon  I'aniily.  I'he  town  llanvls  near  t!-,e  inllux  of  t.ie 
Saal  into  the  F.-'Ibe,  betwixt  Anhalt  and  Ma^;dcburp;. 

Qiiedlininir^^  is  a  little  (late  in  this  circle,  betwixt  t!ie 
priniijulities  of  Ai.l.ait  uiid  1  lalberllaJt,  which  h;'.s  the 
title  of  an  abbacy,  hum  an  abbey  of  L'reat  note,  that  n  as 
founded  here  bv  1  leiii  v  I.  \slvi  was  buried  in  i^  in  y  v  ; 
and,  bccaufe  i.e  fpent  iv.iich  i>.  hi^  tin!''  here  in  tak:nj_; 
birds,  was  li.'rnaiiui.i  ihe  ho  vh  r,  :\  Iter  )'.e  h.ad  defeated 
40,•:o:^  Hun-,  near  Miirllvjrg.  he  bet'an  to  build  the 
rlwrcli,  to  tiilfil  a  vow  wW^h  ht  hai  made  for  the 
profperity  of  his  arms;  Iv.t,  liying  loon  after  he  had 
dedicated  t!-.e  ciiurch  to  ^t.  Servetiis,  his  widow  Ma- 
tilda carried  it  on,  his  Icn  the  emperor  Orho  com- 
pleted ard  richly  endowed  it,  and  his  daughter  Ma- 
tilda was  the  full  abbtfs.  Succeeding  enip-'<jrs  were 
alio  verv  bountikil  to  it,  and  declared  t!r,  nili.-Kes  its 
protectors  i  but,  on  the  exllindtion  cf  the  then  Impn:.d 
family,  the  proteclorlhip  palled  into  tliat  of  Anhair,  and 
thence  into  that  of  Saxony,  in  which  it  cor.ti'u.cd  tiil 
the  clofe  of  the  lalt  century,  when  the  late  elector  !old 
the  protedtion-fec  of  the  abbey,  and  of  tlie  city  of 
North.uucn,  to  the  ek '.'tor  ol'  Brandcnbur:."-,  v.i-.o  tjir- 
rifencd  tl'ic  to'.vn,  anil  cllablilk.ed  leveral  lo'irts  in  it. 
Tlie  abbef^  I  cinu;  a  prince!-,  of  the  emjiire,  and  the  i-.\i\ 
of  tl^oil'  [■•iicciics  who  derive  tlieir  title  folely  fr"m 
their  auh.ys,  complained  of  th's  to  the  die:,  ulicrcin 
(he  has  her  deputy  among  the  prelates  of  tlie  Rhine,  but 
\,.;ft,r.iir  •r''!' "*  •  I'--  '.it  i.ow  Ihe  has  li-rK;  more  th.in 
the  ihavi  1'.^  o[  j  ■  .  ..1  the  citv,  and  the  abbey  itlclf  has 
lolt  much  of  its  ancient  fplnui  't:  for  the  abbifi'cs  have 
not,  as  f'.rrr.?:!  ,  w.-ir  I.ere  :itary  oflicers,  \c.  The 
chapter  has  four  dijiiitatie;-,  viz.  t:ie  ahbels,  the  prio- 
rrfs,  tlie  dtanef;.  And  the  canondfcs,  or  nuns.  All 
thcfe  ladit.s  mull  be  at  le.iO  baronclVes,  and  prove  their 
noble  extractijn  for  cij^ht  defcents.  The  abbelle"-  l)„ve 
commonly  been  of  the  Imperial  or  cledoral  fainili'-s. 
Thofe  of  Brandenburg,  Brunfwic,  and  Anhair,  pulfefs 
fiefs,  which  tliey  hold  of  the  abbey.  Xo  abbcfs  can 
be  chofen  witiiout  the  coiiien:  of  its  hereditaiy  prote'-- 
ror;  antl  the  emperor's  confirmation  is  I'ufHi  lent  to  ren- 
der his  election  valid,  without  any  from  Rome  j  for 
that  court  has  notiiing  ro  do  with  the  abbt-y  ikiee 
'5.'i9>  ^'•hcn  L.uther.milin  was  brought  in  by  its  abbel's 
the  coui'tcfs  of  Stolbcr.'.'.  Here  are  no  vows  made ; 
the  canonelfes,  who  receive  and  return  vilits,  know  m 
relraints;  both  the  abbtfs  and  her  nuns  may  '"ave  the 
abbey  and  many;  and  (ince  the  reforma:ion  feveral  of 
the  abbcfies  l;.:ve  been  v  idows.  The  revenue  of  tlvs 
Lutheran  abbey  dees  nit  exceed  5CO0I.  a  ve;;r;  its 
tltate,  befiJes  t.'ic  little  ciry  of  (^iedlinbiirf|,  bcinitonly 
i.'ie  villages  of  Ditlurt  and  SuJerole;  whicli  kill  i^ 
ckimcd  by  the  elector  ol  Hrandenourf,  as  helonginr  to 
his  (i^cularized  bilhopric  of  I  lalix-rliadt.  'i'he  abbey 
lias  more  the  air  of  a  little  court  than  of  a  religioui.  hoofe. 
'I'he  abbe.s  gives  audience"  with  all  the  afl'eCted  pomp 
of  j'ecular  princes,  and  i^  Icated  under  a  canopy,  fur- 
rounded  hv  her  chaplains  and  otfici .  •. 

Qticdlinburg,  her  place  of  .cfideiue,  is  a  litdc  ciry 
%n  the  river  Bt-de,  th;t  was  foniieil;  a  II'.".-    'luwn. 


,in.\  afterw.inls  fubieft  to  ihe  abbey;  Init  tlie  ci:i;:,T.; 
rdielliii;;  .igiintl  tluir  a!)bels  in  17.55,  they  were  m.idc 
fubjed  to  the  el-.rtor  <•!  Saror;v,  though  now  it  is  in 
oilii  r  hunk,  it  h.ul  t  irrii  riy  a  c,;i;le  on  the  top  of  a 
ntijhboiirl'i;;  hill,  liute  demolilhul.  A  famous  council 
w:\s  hel  I  here  in  1  tS.-;.  'ihis  l'\\\i\  is  lii  very  iii  .ir  the 
frontier  of  1  .ower  Saxony,  that  fome  gcograj  hers  ii.ive 
pl.iced  it  in  that  circle. 

I'he  flee  Impeiiil  .'.'iIk-v  of  Walkenried  belongs  to 
the  tamily  of  Briinl'wie  SV.dfcnbuttle,  who  polfelii  it  as 
abdliwitk;  I'lit,  on  its  account,  pay  an  aUeirment  to 
the  empire,  and  to  the  chamberof  Wct/lar.  The  only 
pk.ces  of  the  Irall  importance,  in  tlie  wlio'e  bailiwick, 
aie  the  town  of  Walkenried,  on  the  Zor:;e,  anil  tl.c 
town  of  Zor!:;e,  which  conMins  iron  manufiulories. 

The  I'liiih  p'lt  of  the  princip.ility  of  Sciiwar  .iirRr,, 
whiL.h  is  t'epaiatc!  froii  the  north,  is  furround^d  by 
C'obiirg,  .Akenburg,  I'.il'rn.ich,  and  I'.rfort;  and  the 
n  irth  part  is  eneomi;ailed  by  Th'.iringia,  the  electorate 
of  S.ixony,  the  counties  of  StoRjcrg,  Hohenftein, 
I'.iehsfelde,  and  the  territory  of  tlic  im[ierial  town  of 
Mulhaufen.  In  this  princip.dity  are  many  fertile  Ij^ots, 
yielding  all  kinds  of  ^mm,  rootr,  fruits,  ^ve.  The 
c.)u,.iry  likcviio  prod.ices  wi'v,  g.mie,  filver,  :\::, 
timber,  veaili).'    c  >pprr.  and  .ikball.-r. 

Till-  rivers  .ire  t.ie  Scluvarze,  Saal,  i  I.line,  Wep- 
per,  Ilm,  d.ra,  Zoiganyr,  iind  !■  foe. 

The  iiir.;:bit.ii;ts  amount  to  ab  iw  ico.io".  Luthe- 
ranifm  is  tiie  rdi-ion  profeik-d,  and  ti:e  lirincipal  pkicei 
are  the  f>ll.)wir,^: 

Sonderhaiikn,  on  the  Wejvrr,  lus  a  pa'.-.ce  near  it, 
t!.;-  apartments  of  which  are  f.ne,  and  t!ie  ivirdena  cle- 
g.in".  In  t!i.'  .innourv  is  an  imii^:  ot'  I'liilrich,  a 
vWuiditli  iiiol,  lii  lli:,mi^  black  men!,  hs  liead,  on 
v. i.icii  the  ri'lic  hand  rells,  is  la:-;^ean.ldif|;rpport;..'iate, 
with  a  hole  in  the  top  of  it;  and  i:s  b'-llv  is  p>romincn: 
a;id  holbw.  In  iieu  of  a  mourh  a  ru:y.,J.  h..l--  is  liib- 
ll.iute  I.  The  legs  arc  both  mutilated,  .\rn\  ihe  ri;ihc 
i-.  bent  in  a  fwriicukir  manner.  I'lic  middle  ot'  the  ietc 
arm,  which  relh  on  the  lap,  is  broken  off.  i'his  town 
g.ves  name  to  a  bailiwuk,  and  ii  the  lea:  of  the  pub- 
lic (fifices. 

Ariilladt,  on  the  fjer.i,  ha,  a  hr.n  ifjm-  done  l;ridgL' 
(.f  fix  arehes.  On  the  fame  river  are  br.iU  aiii  inin 
w.jrks,  with  f-veral  milk,  and  a  !iilt-p-tre  houfe  near 
the  town,  in  which  arc  f.vo  pala  e^  bel  ).".ging  to  tiit 
prince,   ll-veral  chu:  :',.s,  an  I  a  public  khoil. 

la  Augu.l*  iiburg  n  a  fine  pala-.e,  an  1  .i  g.irden. 
Cieren  is  a  market-town,  with  ir-'u  works,  and  a 
l.iw-mil!  .  Langeviefen,  on  i!ie  Ilm,  is  a  'ii  f  of 
.Mrnrz ;  an.i  Brcitubatk,  on  the  fame  ilver,  cout.iins  a 
palace. 

The  prinri|):il  j>kices  in  i.e  territories  of  Reoor.- 
sTAtT,  are  Rudoiltadt  on  the  Saal,  with  a  callle  on  an 
eniineicc  in  the  mighbourhoo.l,  feveral  college  and 
cour'.s,  a  Latin  feliou!,  .iiul  fuperintendency :  .hid  i.i 
rhe  bailiwick  to  which  Rudollladt  gives  name,  there  is 
a  iiii  111  town  call'-d  Teiehel. 

likuickenluirg  on  the  Rhine,  h.is  fjinc  paper-mills 
and  c>i[)per-niincs ;  Konitz  is  remarkable  only  tor  iti 
filver  mines;  J  .eutenberg  has  filver  and  cop  i-r  mines, 
a  copper  mii  ,  finelting-houfe,  cvc.  b'.hrenf  •■.  is  de- 
fended by  a  callle;  and  Ilm  is  a  hnall  town,  on  a  river 
of  the  f'.m"  name. 

Krankenhaiifi  1!  is  environed  on  all  fides  by  hi]l<;,  and 
gives  nain.  '•)  a  bailiwick  :  Arnlhurg  is  an  anc  :_'at 
ca'lle ;  at  '  'ranlberg  there  are  the  ruins  of  another 
caiHc  ;  flermingea,  "n  i:.-  1  lelme,  is  •.cry  pleafintlv 
fituaied  ;  Scholerheiin  is  .1  ni.'.rket-town,  belonging  to 
the  1  !oi>(}/a.ten  family;  .in)  Iv.di^ra  is  f.irruur-.dcd  by 
the  [ih-iitifiil  difliiek  called  t;:e  (ioklen  I'i.iin. 

Sioi.iii-Hc;  county,  which  lies  noitli  of  f!ie  lower 
county  of  Schwart/burg,  eall  of  ir;hcnllcin,  and  well 
of  Maniifeld,  is  '.jout  io  miles  long,  and  10  broad  j 
and  gives  name  to  coiihi--  of  an  ancient,  and  onre  a  verv 
p'r.ierfiil  family,  whole  domains  lie  dilperfed ;  but 
in  jll  of  tiicm  are  in  the  circle  of  il-.e  Upper  Rhine; 
and  they  have  right  to  tlv  I'uccellion  of  th'*  counts  of 

.bchwartzburtr. 


;  Imt  tliL*  i-i;i,:er.: 
,  rluy  were  in.itte 
)ii^^li  MOW  it  i'.  ill 
f  on  lf,(r  t(i|)  of  a 

A  famous  council 
s  111  vtiy  111  .ir  tile 

i^cograil'crs  h.ive 

.cniii.'J  bflon;;s  to 

who  iiiiiriib  it  .i-i 

y  an  allcllinfnt  to 

'ctzlar.     'I'lic  only 

:  wlio'e  bailiwick, 

c  Zor;;e,  and  the 

nanu(a:lorips. 

it  SciiWAR -nrRr,, 

is  l'.irr:3uni.L'cl   by 

I'.r'iirt;    and    the 

gia,  the  electorate 

)crir,    I  lohenftcin, 

iniiH-rial  town  of 

many  tL'rtile  Ipoti, 

iriiiis,  ivc.      The 

ainc,    lilvcr,     '.\i:, 

■r, 

al,  I  Icliiie,  Wcp- 

KO, ic.  Liuhe- 
.'•.e  [irinc'pal  places 

!■;  a  pa'acc  near  it, 
d  till'  !;irdcns  ele- 
',•:  of  I'ulliich,  a 
t  i!.  Its  l;fai.!,  on 
it  difi'.rt'porti.-natc, 
l-^'-llv  is  |.r'jniincnt 
Tuu:J,  h.L-  is  fub- 
ttd,  and  rlie  ii_;hc 
invldle  of  tiie  Ictc 
'n  o!f.  Tliis  town 
:  Itit  of  the  pi.ib- 

ifjm;"  done  I;ridj^e 
ire  br.iU  an  J  imn 
:-|'-tre  hoiife  near 
b;d  jn.i^in^  to  U\c 
c  khoiil. 

.e,  ail  1  a  j'arden. 
un  works,  and  a 
hn,  is  a  'ii  f  of 
le  MNcr,  coiiMiiib  a 

Itorit's  of  KiDoi,  • 
with  a  cadle  on  an 
veral  college  and 
iten.lency :  and  in 
/cs  name,  there  is 

.  fome  paper- mills 
rkable  only  fjr  iti 
ind  cop  IT  mines, 
I'.lireiil'  •  .  is  de- 
ll t(iwji,  on  a  river 

fi-.lrs  by  hill',  and 
urg  is  an  anci.-nt 
:   ruins   of  another 

is  -.ery  ]^leala^tlv 
own,  belonj^ing  to 
I  is  l'.irruu::Jcd  by 
n  Piiin. 

i)ith  of  the  lower 
}Iicn!leiii,  and  wed 
:;,  and  lo  broad; 
It,  and  onre  a  very 
le  (lifperfed ;  but 
he  Upper  Rhine; 
1  o.'  ihi*  iroiints  of 
bchwartzburir. 


F.UROPr] 


G  E  R  M  A  N     F.  M  I'  I  R  C. 


739 


?chwart/biir^.  Tlit-y  are  divide!  into  the  two  rliiel 
branch  s  of  llenbeiv:  ;!i:d  (  hulirn,  and  the  latter  into 
thofc  of  Sti'lbcrg  ami  vlitenbL-rg,  '1  hey  arc  loverci'^a 
counts,  of  the  Lntlvraii  reli^'ion;  anil,  bciidc-s  tl.iir 
larj^e  bailiwicks  in  tl  e  i  ircle  above  mentioned,  tlry 
hive  the  county  of  \N'eii'.ij;c-rode,  in  the  principality 
of  I  l.dbrrlladt,  near  the  b  uk-rs  of  which,  ani-.n^i;  the 
mountains.  Hands  the  callic  of  StolbcrtJ,  wliiih  it  is 
laid,  wa:,  built  by  Otho  Colonna,  a  Roman  i;t.-ntli-'iian, 
to  wh'iin  the  tiiipti'or  J  nil  in  <;,i\r  this  part  ot  tlie  1  lyr- 
caniaii  h'orcf^,  in  reward  f"-  his  kTviccs  j  and  v^hogave 
it  till  1  i; ime  from  the  iron  niiRs  he  met  with  in  the 
foundation  of  it,  vsl.i.li,  ir,  ilie  Clcrinan  lonnue,  arc 
called  Sd)  I'lmil). 

M\N  rti.i)  is  one  of  the  f jur  llyrcanian  coinrics, 
the  other  three  btinj^  Stoibci:^!  noheiiilein,  and  Ke- 
geniUiii.  It  is  about  •50  mill's  from  call  to  well,  and 
18  from  n  irth  to  loiitli.  It  ab  ainJs  in  iVver.il  funs 
of  minerals,  very  [iroiitable  to  the  inhabitants;  paiti- 
ciiliriy  that  called  the  ScluilfcrlK-in,  pci'iliar  to  tiiis 
ani-l  tli'  niT/hbonrin_L;  provinces.  It  is  a  blackidi  (flit- 
tering kind  ol'  Hate,  which,  melted  and  bruii'i-d,  yiidds 
much  copper  .'..•Ki  lib'cr.  /vn  antheiuic  wrirrr  !avs, 
llirr;-  is  Icarce  the  like  in  the  v.orld  ;  that  o'lt  of  it  tin- 
inli.ibii  lit,  :;ielt  co|)per,  lacli  luiiiJred  wcijdit  of  wl.i;  h 
com, II  r.  10  or  1  :  ounces  of  pure  (ilver;  and  that  fins 
ll'i'H-  i>  V'.rv  (••,  ill!  in  heriv  lie  adds,  that  in  th' fe 
Hoik  s  arc  I'vt  :•■  n.p-i-fr.ira!iiins,  in  fair  copper  Urof.' -, 
of  fi;h.-i  of  levi  ral  l.rrs,  fro;;s,  water-rats,  and  other 
animal.-.,  i.,.v  abiii.iid  i:!  a  neylibouring  lake. 

Tl.i'  '/.lAJ;^!,;'  of  i!ie  c.i'nu:,  cC  Maiiitcld  is  llippofcd 
to  he  derived  I'.om  liurdi.iid  \'.  count  of  (^lernfurr, 
to  whom  the  empci/r  I'Vcdirick  I'arbar.JlVa  u've  this 
coieuv,  f-r  hi.'j  li  rvi,-e  in  tr.e  1  loly  Land;  and  his 
fucccOiirs  have  cnjoved  it  ever  fince,  but  pay  hom.tge 
to  tlic  eleclor  of  Saxony.  Theic  have  in-tn  fcVLial 
great  iv.vn  of  this  family,  fome  (,f  whom  have  been 
privy-co'.:;;lellors  to  the  emperors  cf  (nr'nanv,  and 
cfe|)i.ry-governorh  of  Saxony  i  andi  the  i.i;;:-/s  of  le\crai 
of  tl'.em  Ihine  in  the  annals  of  Germany  and  the  N'e- 
therlandsj     but   it   is    nvw    diviiled  into  fjur   or   fr.\- 


br.i 


ic.hes,    whii'h   nia!;es    them 


d.-raiilr    than 


formerly.     Some  of  the  yo'ing  counts,  in  the  i(Kh  cen- 
tury, '^'  ,'olcd  leveral  of  the  I>utheran  ei  'Ctrines,  v.hiili 
trave  .•II'   .     :,'''■'}  -  df.d  M.uiMcldian'^^       The  two  cliirf 
bi-inriies  JL-ir  .:.(.■,.,......    ■'  •    "       .iid  l'i:\ben.     The 

l.i  '      ■■■  'he  tov.i-  of  thai-  name,  .uk\  has  notliiPL; 

to  di-;  I  '  on  u.,;  the  hnnti;;g,  'illiery,  and  j'..uroiiaye 
of  the  clijrches;  the  family  beiiiy  lo  (kcply  in  eicbt, 
that  t!ic  i^reater  part  of  the  cliaces,  whith  foinieriy  be- 
I-'.ni'ed  to  it,  Were  leized  by  the  cretlitors  1  and  the  re- 
tiiaiider  was  feqiufti  ri  1  to  the  eleflor  of  Saxony,  v,  Iio 
ni'iriLMiietl  his  }..ur,  in  1715,  to  George  I.  king  ot' 
Grii:  liii.'.in;  lo  that  all  die  prefent  coi.:.it  is  [  oHelled 
ol,  IS  .  niy  B.iuidet,  with  its  dilhicf,  two  elfates  in  15o- 
li  ■id.i,  and  the  fmall  principality  of  I'ondi,  in  the  kinij- 
uo;r.  1.1  .V.r  les. 

']  .;•.-  1  iin.c  o;  this  country  being  an  herctlitary  count 
of  ti'.e  I II  rm.i'i  em;  ne,  we  lliall  lii're  give  I'ume  account 
of  th.it  dignity.  1'IkIc;  count-,  liave  a  voice  in  the  Im- 
(J'.iial  tlict,  m.'.y  purciiafe  eftates  in  any  j)art  of  tlie  em- 
]  .,ii'r';>  il'imin  ,  ns,  may  lill  volunteers,  and  cannot  lie 
fued  by  the  emperor  but  only  in  the  Imperial  chamlx-r. 
But  that  wiiicli  joroperly  relates  to  counts  of  territories, 
Inch  as  tlioli.  of  Maiui-ld,  is,  that  they  were  anciently 
ireatcd  and  invclled  by  the  delivery  of  one  or  more 
banni-is  fur  feifm  of  their  territories,  as  dukes  were  in- 
V(  !\i\\  i  and  tlie  llirrc'  'er  of  them  was  made  by  the 
rc-dclivery  of  thofe  banners  to  tlic  emperor. 

None  of  the  town  or  vilkiges  in  this  county  are 
worthy  of  deli  lipti  )n,  excejit  l:'illeben,  the  capital  of 
the  co(..ir/,  which  is  divided  into  Old  and  Kew,  and 
ctdcbrated  for  the  birth  anei  death  of  the  grct  reformer 
Martin  Lutlicr.  It  is  populous,  a  great  thorough- 
kue,  contai/-:  ni.iny  breweries,  anel  has  a  calUe  to  de- 
..  d  it. 

Tiie  county  of  \\'i;rm(,f,ro:j  i- ,  fitu.ucd  on  tlie  bo'--- 
d'-is  of  the  principality    of  1  lalberlfadt,  is    12    luiks 


hr^,  9  bro.ad,  partly  level,  and  partly  inountainous. 
The  lilockberg  mountain  here  is  reikonetl  tUv  liigliell 
in  Germany,  and  the  Inow  generally  covers  it  all  the 
ye.ir  round.  The  level  parts  of  this  country  are  fertile 
in  grain,  pulli.-,  Ilax,  fiOit,  hcrb.s,  timber,  itc.  And 
the  whole  abounds  in  liorfcs,  game,  chalk,  lime-flonc, 
m.ule,  lead,  cattle,  falt-pctre,  cobalt,  frectlone,  clay, 
■'ml  iron. 

riie  elbbliflied  religion  is  Lutheranifm ;  and  the 
principal  placi.s  are, 

\Verni;;en.\!e,  which  gives  name  to  the  county,  and 
is  defended  by  ?  l^'tely  calUe,  ailorned  with  admirable 
gardens,  and  containing  a  tine  library,  and  many  valu- 
alile  archives. 

1  he  town  confills  of  three  parts;  th.e  Old  Town,  the 
\'ew  I'owii,  anil  the  Suburb  of  Nofchonlatle.  It  may 
be  laid  under  water  by  means  of  the  Zillicher  Rivulet. 
The  corporation  lk.s  a  property  in  fume  large  wotds, 
from  which  the  burghers  arc  allowcdi  timber  tor  build- 
ing, and  a  certain  quanuty  for  fuel.  The  inhabitants 
are  emjdoyed  in  breweries,  diftilling,  and  cloth  and 
wordi.n  niaiuifiidories.  Along  the  Ziliicher  River  arc 
Icvcral  oil,  ti;lling,  copper,  meal,  lawing,  and  other 
miiis, 

Drubeck,  a  large  village,  has  a  fiundation  f-r  fix 
I'rotellant  ladies;  and  lllcnburg  is  deiended  by  al'.rong 
callle.  Ill  the  iieighbjurhood  ol'  tiie  latter  tlieie  are 
various  mills;  and  111  the  bailiwick  of  llalkiixle,  is  a 
colour  mill  and  a  leui  mine. 

The  Lor^idiips  of  R  k  c  ss  f.  n  are  furroun'-ied. '  >xge- 
Iv.Tg,  Vogtlar.il,  Neuftadt,  Culmback,  Bambtig,  Saal - 
fell,  l.euti-nbrrg,  Altenberg,  and  the  b.iiliwick  ot 
Zeit'.  Tlie  plains  are  fruitful,  the  hills  rich  ii.  mine- 
rals and  the  ri.'crs  abound  in  hlli.  The  people,  v.lyi 
are  Ijitherans,  employ  tliemlelvcs  in  wooucn  ar,d  iron 
iLiaijiilaclories. 

The  principal  places  are, 

(.reif/,  ont!:e  I'lllcr,  a.-ownencompan'eil  with  woot!i 
:ui  1  moi.'n'ains.  J t  contain-,  a  handf.niie  church,  Latin 
.chool,  orj>!ian-houle,  and  fome  woollen  manutadories, 

/eulenroda  has  a  mamifaeliory  of  fluffs,  ftockings, 
i\c.  an  allum  mine,  and  an  annual  fair. 

l'rav\renth  is  a  market-town,  celebrated  fr  its  iron 
works ;  a::d  Mn'.chlitz  is  a  market  town,  uliich  luu  an 
alum  mine  work. 

Gerad  is  1  handlimie  little  town,  fuuatctl  in  n  pleafmt 
val''  near  the  liillcr,  ami  contains  a  gymnahuin  and 
woollen  manufittoiy. 

Schlewitz  has  a  woollen  mani^faclory,  and  gives 
nmie  to  a  lordlliip,  which  contains  tliree  niar;-.ec 
towns,  viz.  Tanna,  Gorgv.itz,  and  Market  lluhcii- 
leuben. 

The  great  indullry  of  the  inhabitants  of  tliefe  1  ord- 
lliips  renders  them  very  rich  ;  fur  tlie  jieople  (ecm  to 
make  bulinel's  their  p'e;ifure,  and  to  C(jnlider  labour  ail 
amurcment. 

Tlie  greateft  part  of  the  inhabitants  of  tlic  lordniip 
S,;hon'iu'rg  are  Ludierans,  very  indtillii.ius,  iuid 
h  i\e  leveral  flourilliing  manufiultnies.  'i'he  cocnts  of 
Sehiinburg  have  a  sc'at  in  tlie  eiict  t^t  tiie  emigre,  anil 
in  that  of  the  circle. 

'I'he  principal  places  are, 

\\'aldenbi;rg,  on  the  Mukli,  famous  fir  ir;  brov,-n 
and  earthen  wares.  Lofnit/.  lias  a  cloth  maniiraclory  ; 
Wechfelbur,  on  the  Mulda,  contains  a  noble  feat;  anel 
Bur!;lladt  has  ,'  llutf  manufadory.  The  peo[  !e  of 
thcle  iordlhips  are  particularly  attentive  to  theii-  reli- 
gious duties,  and  leein  to  be  unaftectedly  pious  in  their 
demeanors. 

]  Liil  I  lieav'nly  piety,  fupremely  fii;! 
Whole  Imileb  cui  calm  the  horrors  ol'defjjair. 
Bid  in  e.ich  breall  unufual  tranfporta  I'ow, 
And  wipe  the  tears  that  ilrain  the  cheek  of  woe 
I  low  blell  the  man  who  leaves  each  meaner  fcene, 
f.ike  thee,  exalted,  iiniling,  and  ferene  ! 
\N  hole  riling  Ibul  purfues  a  nobler  flight; 
Whole  bolom  melts  with  more  renn'd  deli£l::i 

Wlioi';; 


■''I 


T.iai 


i'ii 


« 


i     :      •   il 

'  ■  i ; ;  ■II 


74- 


A  Xr.W,  UOYA1,  AM'  Airil!  NlIC  SVSriM  01    I'MV!  R?A1.  (m  -V'jRAniV 


thniii'lits,  <  !au  v. 


t;,i;.'i  i  r;-.  a, 


J  ImIv 


C'liii  Ui.<r  at  (.ncc  I  cvn.il  t,n-  \\r  «»  ui  tiiv.i' ; 
'rill  li),i>.'tl  t'r'Mii  I' ml!,  as  m-  'i!>  iitK'')ii  luM; 


I's  :uii:ii  en  rh'.'  Oar; 
(•:•  a!'  li.c  kiin  I'v'ii  r;:.: 


V.  iiui 


I'lci'  a!,  li.c  kiir.  i-y'ii  ra.;!.',  hf.irs  away, 
Aiivl  II'  i.nts  il.i-  rijji-'D.s  ntHi-mal  Jay. 

Th-.-  c.-ir-.tv  'if  n  ••  -.ii-.-;-.,    tlv  iiij-  r.iih.r  h;I!v, 

ahoiiivl^    iii    i'  111,   (-ji'il'.   <M''l  ,   ilo  r,  ^M.'.ii.',  tiinlx  I", 

iron,  alaii.'.iti:,  .ii;-t  •.•.((■'.;•,  whiiii  Is'-tvi  it  iv.iy  not  bu 
im^  'orcr  ir.ic 


niii.-. 


Ih 


(■    Mi'j't 

and  «il  iii'i  I),  ir  1' 


tr  ililK  1 ,  l.;.li-  Ir 


grcltiT  pa 

mull 


I  k-s  i  be  i;i 


111  ail  ai'i'i-,  r>i;!<.  ir  is  I'.Iu'r, 


rent,  an. I  !.s 


111  nnii  iv  :  Id  11;  .111. I  !li<  i,(auT  ;[  iMir.cs  to  an 


•lalJ,  t'u- 

tT     C  'li'.Il 

i-i\nt   l|Hi 


r   l^    till-    \. 


II 


o-.Mvir,  It  1-.  (j| 


I'- 


ll    llilO 


11   ail.-   liu'lu  u-vl   till'   i;.'- 


i 


;i'  '.vliiri-  1" 


,'h'i-;,-ll>ir.'h..^  a 


t;riii  t^'Xtiii'f,  uii!i  a  I'u  "I'li  I'ji 


ri')'.; 


h'.it  tii 


:;,;IM);.  li"t  i'  t'. 
vt'iv  i:ri'_-:,l.;r. 


,t  a    1/ 


'.f,  i(m;  act, 


:;'.i.:u  -   111  ilia 
>f  a  ('  iiiuiirin 


fiint  j  ami  it   i^   n.  "ir.ill 

bri'^.'.rncl'.  ar„l  tiaii;,  .:u; 

tin^H',  which  iiiaLi     i'  ai.|irar  rif  ;i  ik-i-ji 

aiKl,  ii;-(iii   that  ai.iunt,  is  m  iic  \'.liuil 


,!.■    wiiui',   vw.ii   ;  iiat 
It  i..; .  ri;iKii;iiCb  a  lil'.tilli 


WIUll  It  1^   \i 


ii:ii.  It  1.  not  n  L'vi'  ir  c  'n  m.    r.  i  ii..s 


f.rttiy    iii'ii  !i   lu.t'   III 


li-.to  l:r 


'I  hr   ;'.rt-'!i    '11 
an.l   !.t   a  r!  ,',i,  ! 


'Me,    h;-.    Iv,, 
"■I'ii  .'.:■  VLl'V 

.  ;...r  v.\;  ^ 


a  In  A 


.s  into  ti;;'  i'!  "lly 
rj.  I:  i-,  (li'.i'ii  cut 
;.  It  ail'   tMii-.M-lv 


iu-tran!iMri-)i!  M'tic 


'1  .1 1'l.t 'cr,  ai 


I'o  i.ir^ir  :.'.■'.  a  ',:■  .  :  .■:  ui.  It  i.  o!  a  .!  a;  lT.a:t;jul 
crcc  ,  .'■,::[  .{■:;  ,'1  ..:...!S  .  (.T'l'  :  i:i.,  i  ,  1.  iir  I;,n..ii;li  ait, 
; '.'.5',..  !i  It  'la:  '.u\rt  .  lo  I  iiic     !  ',  .;ii  i;]'iu(.:cd  witli  \Oate. 

It  i-v  >;::;Tr;A',y  ..ii.:h- ....  !  ^-'i  i/. :  bi'tM;-.>  iiitw  liiviiih 

fii-c-  ,  a;  r  .:■  ,  t!y:i'  a  ti-.  '\-  brim-rn  li:  it  ami  iliail'lc. 
If".   \'-:'v  ;r-,ir  hai.ii.e':.   ..•.".J':r.s   i:  ca'  .'.b'.i:   of  a   fir.e 

P'i^i''' 

i  he  I.  :r  ,.  ,y  [.-K-  V.  i  .fi'iT  is  r  t  fi  heavy  or  \'.ilii- 
aMe  a.-  ;  :-.'  i.  ...r,  ,s.:.'  is  -cneraliy  liiurii  in  f'cnes  i  i 
a  !"..:  !'-..;-e,  .  in  i...>  n,  'i^ c  inclir s  in  iliiin.r,  r.  'I'lic 
'■;!..  e  •■■  1''' -'y  li'il  ''i  liijii  I  ;ii :.;]  iiar!.'-,  ..ml  i''c  co- 
I  ■' r  .;iv..^^  I'lil,  w  I'Ji  i  .ir,eti;;r:s  a  iil'.iilli  a.:.:  liinic- 
t:'I:^■    i  !••    \^;  iil;  c.ul.      The  lU.^.l  rL.llaik.iMe  J  !,..^6  i;i 

ii  ':!l-i.^,  '  l.'tli  "ivr'.  !:::r.c  t:i  the  cr;',:i-"v,  aiv.l  to 
.:-....■  w\i  !!.!',  a  vill.i..e  ,,;i  ihe  lie!,;-,  i:,at  Ivjr.ngs 
to  t::t  til  ..I'll  <•  I'lUiiilv.i  -1  .H[ir;ilii,r'.,  ...  i  I', .'■,:, ins  a 
iiiiall  cu.k''-;  .11;:  Hir  ikr.i.ie,  a  ini,:'!  i  " -i  in  the 
1  <r..!:l'i;.  (;t  l.'ivi,  s'.li'':;,  wi''-,  ;:.e  ro'Mi  d'  K  le'ten- 
be;-,  is  n  nv  iii.i.r:  .'.itc.;  v.itli  V..:  .,:;;;J'  ..;,  .  i,;  j  l.ij- 
l:erlKr,lt. 

l'':i.h,  (  a  ''le  /  .ir.r,  h '.s  le'.er.ii  iii:;!"'rul' lii ', 
.:■.!  i.  -ix  ;Vat  '  t'  a  Mjh  nu'.  i.  Ln.  v  ;  •:'.\.  hu  • ,  a  huall 
tu.Mi  ^.ith  a  i'..i:u:.i  i,;i':  ,  a  ;!.;'■;".;  ii-ll,  .i  ji- er  mill, 
..I' !  a  L':":..;\\.:  ri;:.!l;  B;  iiiu-.i.'t'in  is  ,;  t.iiuo':'  iijr  its 
itMin..;!-;  :.  ..idicu  li.Ali.i.^i  a  i..  a  ir.aii.e:  ti/..n  (.:i 
the  i',.ji,!e. 


TiiL  ciiirii-;  .,1  i,o\vi:i{  s  -.xdw. 

■•J'iil.S  (iiil"  i'.  l',;iu!,,  ',  m  lie  iim::.,  !'v  'h-.l-iliv 
of  '-ihtv.ie  ::)[  r'.r  LS.iit:,-  ;  (,,i  tie  f  iii'i  In'  the 
cinleo!  I 'j  [  ii'  '  .;:.:• -.v,  anJ  .i  |  .n  . '' th  ,:  (.ft:  r  I  |  [  cr 
)''.!i;nc;  on!,  ct''  '>■.  tin-  r'M  i.-  <ii  \'  i ''j  h  ili.i  ,:ii,l  tm- 
N'  I'tiL^'^ea,  r,.';  1  r  •;  •,,.-  ciu  l;vi,i:i  ofihi'  tinle  .,r  I '[1- 
i'<'r  Sixorv,  i:i  ;',.:i..-  ]  .rt ,  ,•  i,  n. «,!'.■,  fm.lv,  .u.J 
ni.u-fiiv  i  b.iir.  in  i'r.i;.;;,  it  i.iiy  li-  el'.eti'.eJ  a.  \eiy 
hnitfiil  country. 

I  laving  alre.uiv   .;c!i:'!;:d  th':!''   \  aw.  of  this  lirile 


'1' 


i;  V  \  ;.  w 


.iii:'ii   m.inv 


I    N  ;   s  '1  I    rt  c 


I'l  s   m     II  1.  fcim!!"   arc  Ih'.i'.uv 


luaiiiiv,    limly,   ,,i  l    Iviruii,   v.  t    icvi'ial   lallrijt; 


l;i.i!;i:l   in   i;ra;ii 
many  v..''ul)ie  r  . 
ties   of  timbir, 


u   all   ihe  v.iii.iii.s 


khi.l. 


)l 


s   aic 
,  as   well  as 


c:t  aie  lil.'.'v. ;|.-  ''rcat  (iii.inti- 


jitih,  t.i.'i,  l.il:   Jjir 


"•::s 


:tl",   t', '•'">•■.   Il.:..ei.ll--,   t!'i',    IV c. 
'I'll,  le  teiriiciics  ii.ivc  m.aiy  in.i.uif.i.  I'  lies  ufvwiolien 

c,    (!  Lion,    cii-ret.s. 


cl.')!h>,     lli.|r>,     lii;:'n,     thre.:i.!,     la 


ki   tv 


oils    ir.ive 


ra.-mihni.t,,    talll  I  ,  iul- 


luiuv,   tol!..,io  rii  e-,   liilf,   I 


liai'ci',  p 


.lUio'u ,,  .ue  t'  let  -till  m 


r 

U'.,    Ihill'.,    t\( 


.lllli.s,     C(J- 


ll.l 


A'l  r  an  i  ii 


.  .  r  i; '.. 

a  .ro.ii  I 


iKC;.il,ll    lii'i; 
h.i  11,   tiic   \  J 
Iir.:i,c:v  s    v.i; 
kinc'  M.I 


■  i-laec:., 
inil'.s  ,ii,. 
.ai 


i;   but   R 

paai,:iilar 


(unari 


ly  at 


ilOll! 


1       I, 


..s  aie  to- 


tUll.l.i    III 


i:ii    W 


.C.l  .1,    VI, 


if  both 
of 


.1   I! 


]• 

l'.d,'.u'd:i 

iiiieeii  M  1 


:  '  .■   t.i    i. ;■',.!    At^.eliili.',   tilU 
'  l:!!'  .1  1.1. 1    .  ;  i!u'  cio.^n  of 

b  'til  "I   the   i)...',i.li   a'l.l 

hi'  uish.  lilt  iiyue,  ihe  rii'ht  oil  :c((;ii  m  tell  tc 


.1X011,  '■'■'..o   VIS  tr.e 


nri.inc 


i.r   '11  r  "  e;   w  lueli 


ir.e   ,ieie>li  aiv   t: 


lanilh,  an  I 


I! 


.laieilv 


■ilienty,  in  v.n  .ai  cnteied  at  once 
'-.   of   ihc    l-^cottilh,   i'ldilli,   liritilb, 

roy.d  (.ta'.ilics.  I;  ajipears  that  his 
a  >!ei"eend.  d  lioiii  ih'     -i-ottini,   Nor- 


111. m,  ar..l    \\  ehh    royal   f.iiiiilies,   alter    rl-.c    cnmiiielK 


I'riit: 
fiod,  a' 


we  (..'v.-'M-.!  to  '.iioic 


.u a  have  not  bi.rn   ;io- 


aml  I'.irucularly  ir.iiii  t'.e  I'l  iiit.e'/.'net  l.imily  j  tioni 
^blr;;.lr.t,  t]!:eeii  "f  :■  v"  :!.;••.. 1,  d,  ,i'_.,-htu'  to  luir  king 
I  leiiiy  \'1I.  froii!  I'le  h"ii;e  if  1  .an,:a'.ler ;  freni  the 
Scots  royal  family  i-f  i;..;''il  i.iid  li'U''v';  and,  hillly, 
froin  l.ini.;  Ja;;ie-,  d..'  i'lf'  ir.cn.Uv  !i  li  v.ie.it  iJrit.iinj 
f;i  thiu  liis  ni,i;ell.  r:iri.'.i]'.-'cs  the  i  !>  .!  ol'  all  the  royal 
Ma.ilie.s  that  ever  . :  ;i.  1  n  ilii-  ■:'  I.  It  mi^ht  be 
dei.iohfii.i'ed,  th;'t  im-  i.'.ni.ly  '.  .  ci.e  oi  die  inc'it  aii- 
cieiu  Mid  illiillri.  I.'  in  l''iri'^  ,■  -,  tl:  .i  Ir  dcLeia't;d  ii(an, 
ami  has  iirernvaii-d.  wid:,  in  il,  i'  not  .ill,  the  fove- 
reign  frr.ilics  in  C'!!h!U'iid.i;i!  j  tl;,;:  there  h.ive  iircii 
f.vo  tn'i.iiir'.  e;  wuiim^,  ..:.  I  ai^  (iiiprels  of  1,','a- 
ILliitin 'I  !",  of  t!.i.  ;,.';.'.  ;  ■  :  i:i  n.  '.^i  ,i  the  li.arc 
u.'iiiii  <-:.■.  n  C  •  '.'.il,  1  e.'i  I  <;  '.  :  ,'.  II.  nii'.'lic 
hi\eh,-i;  Ih  t'-.e  :,',''1.1  d;  :  ■  '.  ',,,;i:.;;e,  h:.l  it 
no-  been  ■  .r  fir  '.  ..  f  '-  ■"..■■  '  -.■•  :  :■.  ihe  !''n  ,,  lane 
rtl'^i^in;  ,;';  !  d.  •  ;,  .:..  :  :,:  '.•'','..;•  •'.'  ,,;dcd  fiic 
kill, ^s  of  ;>.'..'■  ,:,  i,..  .  ,  '.  .:,.:.',.  :.'.',','...;  die 
I  leil'it.  '  i'  d  ■  •■;    ia  ..     '   '  .•-■    .'  ..■;■!.:.  :;;f'  ;;  (if 

llelle,   B.id.a,    :.'■  ..J. .:  .  <  ..1    |    ],u.  ,    of 

the  hiiile  of  f  .i:;  ...  ;  :  '••  iM  i".  i  .  .  '.-  ;.  :  ...'.j  ;[■. 
veral  n.ir'e.!  :  rei  et -,  ■,  '.  .,'-  ,  ;  .  ,:  i.'i',.  ■ --i 
:-;  i  bill'.;,,  .'f  t,.;.  f.a.  i^  ,  .,!;  ;  :,.  ,.  ^  l'  ;,.J  c;  l,  :.■■, 
b^ii.le.s  oi.e  c  adi.;  A. 

'I'he  cr.  .dun  1  r  the  e!' .'^l;■a^  ,  v.I,'  ':  :  .••ic-.d  i) 
f'le  diicliirs  of  1  I.inover  .iiid  <-.  '  h  '  .  <  .a.tlttd  .i. 
i:.e  c;in;',:»-.';  :,t  '■<'•  1  !.';;•  in  .o  :  .  :.i  oi''  r<i:'ii  oi 
1  ia ;;  \>  i' ,  m  Iii.  of  ^i.^i'Imus  ic  i.  v,  a::  i  i;.jj:iiv 
(ti'"jt'd  b',  hi'.  iad'ie'iM-,  in  c.  if]',  i.i  .  a  widi  iii.ilt  ot 
tie!':  ■•."..,..},:  ;  .  c;  die  c'l:]  ue,  ii.r.lti'r)  (.lic- 
terlMl.;:'!'  tie-  .ic  '""...a  o;  :  e  i'.,,;,-!  Liiiiuh  of  ih'; 
r.ilid,..-  f..afily  lo  die  tk.i....i>e  (li  the  !di'i;e.  h  u.;. 
oii|(). rd  by  l(.\.i..i  (leim.iii  piiiHr;.,  .iiid  ; ....'laci'lai Iv  by 
d:e  duke  of  Iliui.^vi  \'v'i  !'ca' lU'de,  'i  ii  ,i  [  ri.n  i||.j 
(  i'  envy  1  hi'..i.  the  d.eil  eii.;.eior  '  .e-n  fid,  i';  cid.r  t) 
tellify  hi'i  gratitude  to  I'.e  I'rotellaats  I  .r  l!  .  ir  .'u'i  r.in.u 
in  rlic  war  a''ai:'.l'.  I'i..iice,  .iiid,  c  ':.l;li/i:;>  n.,!,  iiiiy 
die  jieif'iiial  iiieiir  ol  duke  I'rr.e!;,  bir.  ti;e  j'.i cat 'i.^uity 
ol"  the  I^iunl'v.ic  funii}',  wI.d  had  the  t'aii  I.  .it  in  tiio 
colle;?^.?  of"  I'rinees  at  the  diet,  .iiid  v.,i,  nue  of  the  iiiull: 
conli-lei-.tble  in  die  ein[iiie  lor  auiiiiuiiy,  \Maltli,  and 
[lo'.ver,   or  lered  il  to  be  |.:it  to  die  q'.e'.iioa  ia   the   Col 


Ic'ic  of  ek 


ill) 


it  K 


Kii.ion,  wlnriiii  it  v.as  rci,  i. 


,1. 


8i'*5', 


lAI'lIV. 


M  I    «  i: 


KIIROPE.I 


r,   i:  R   M  A  NT       F.  M  P  I  R  F,. 


74« 


liiut;-  ,\ri:  Ih-.i'Iiv, 
vir.il  liilhiiLs  aic 
k'li.l.,  ai  Will  ,H 
\:':\'-  rriMt  i]i'.'.i!ri- 

ill  lie.  ofwoolk'ii 
(t  iicii,  i-iri'i'ts, 
.l-.i.t...  t.illil  ,  lul- 
ilr,  I'll-  .iiiv.s,  co- 
.,  .v.. 

;  I'M  ;  l>i;r  Koiii.^a 
\-,  ii.;ii;,:i;l.irly  at 

.11.. I    j<  .',.1  aic    I.,. 

.   .      ...■■    li:.  ,.     .,   .  , 

'•>■'  III      •,  iiiii.i,;  III 

'.  .  i  :  I  '\  '',  ''.-• 
.■  .  1      1..-..U11      .1    . 

.::•!.:,  .;.!  -ic 
:.'  •:  :,  ■■:■^^.^^  Win 
■  •>  . .  .;;.;>  u(  1j,):Ii 
>.  .  .1 .1  .!,  V  111;  ot' 
I'-.-.i-   .\l';Lii!lL',  the 

•'■.!•  ii  re;  vliiili 
I.I  I  .1-1 1  :i;  II)  ti'll  to 
\  I.  Ptcii\l  ;ir  once 
!:,  i'iailh,  15ritilli, 
I;  .'.jiptjis  tlut  his 
I'li  'uotiilli,  Nor- 
!ur  il'.c  coiiqiifll, 
-■nci  family  i  fioni 
■''.iir  to  our  ki.ng 
.i;i..il:(.T  J  fVcm   the 

l!u(\-i   :;i;a,   l.illly, 

t   ( '11-, It  I'rit.iiii ; 

.!  ui  ;;!1  tilt-  loyal 

K      It  iiii-ht  be 

!■  '<!   i!n-   iiK;il   jii- 

i'  >!i.Li.r.v't:.l  liian, 

ii'it  ail,  llic  I'ovf- 

ll.tri-    ii.ivf    lircn 

<  llipril:,  (jf  <.'  ■;!- 

;.  ■  ■::   .1   tl.c   l:..;rc 

•     !I.   mi'I'.i: 

<.   ..;;.;;  V,  !,:,!  it 

:■  .'..■    ;'n.,  ;.;nt 

■    '    -i.,.t  li    t'lC 

.:.    '.    .   :  .:.''',„  ,    [']f. 

.   ;    •:  -   ::■;.;■'   .,   .,f 

.1      1      .,!,..  ,>      (]f 


.••"  :.:\.    t  > 

<  .:..  !  .•ttd   a' 

.    Ill'-    re  I  "i    I:, 

,   a    i    iiiliiiv 

:    V.i'li    111, lit    (,I 

r.!i  r  r  )  i .  uv  - 
■I    iiillliii    i.i    I'r: 

f.r  I. .:•:.•.•.  il  U,', 
.mil  i.,i.-.;cii.iilv  1./ 
,   '.Ma   ,r;,:,).l^ 

■•1)    li  !,   i':   i::i.ir   I  ) 

:.  I  .1-  ll  ir  .ii;  iViiuC 
■:,1:  ll  II.  /,  IM  t.ii'.y 
);i.  t::r;'>c-.:t'i.^:iity 

:'.(-■  I. lit  1.  .It  ill  liio 
.1 1  iiiif  oi  tl.c  inult 
iirir\ ,   wi.dtli,  ami 

j.i.;liij.i  i.i  thf   I'lil- 

h  it   \.aa  ixi  1.'  ', 

I'll- 


the  lytli  ot  iXiolicr,  i^iO'i  tint  tlic  dcrt  nal  liii^tiity 
llioiilil  Ik;  i-oiitci icil  on  the  laii!  ptinte  Kiiufl  aiut  lii'^ 
litii''.  Till?  colli i',c  of  piiiucb  iiiimfiii.itc'ly  cnieici! 
their  jiroicll  ai;.!in.l  this  rcl'iliitiDii,  is  tuiitrary  to  the 
liiw.  i)t  the  empire,  I'lciiile  ent  rcil  ituo  uithowi  their 
conl.nt.  NcvertiicU'ls,  in  Deteiii  er  following,  tiie 
ciiipernr  jr.ive  priim.  ImihII  the  invcUuire,  by  il  livei- 
iiii;  the  i.Ucio:al  i.  ip  ii)  in-  plenipoicnti.inis  ami  ile- 
ti,lM!'i;  liiiii  clivior. 

'riie  cxttiit  lit   The  partiii.l.ir  ilomiiiions  ol'  ilic  elec- 
tor il  a-,  tollows; 

Milti  li'li>  Milf^litn.ul. 

The  prinripnlitv  of  (■;!iihciilia"cn  40         40 

'Ihe  iliiihv  ot  Hanmc;-,  or  Caleiilnirg      40  [• 

'I'iie  t'ui  !iv  ot  Limi.'iilnii;j;  S'a  ;t 

Tlic  till,  hy  of  SiX'j-I.a'.veiibiir.'  ;o  1; 

The  liikhv  o  ii  Ciueii,  ini-lii.lini'^  Vetilen  00         40 
The  coiintv  oi  Ho\a  ;  >  1  ; 

The  coutKv  of  Diephoit  ;i         10 

The  tiei'loi's  icveiuies  arile  from  the  lalt-piis,  or 
Ipnpi'.s,  wiihiiulie  wallsol  lainen^nir^:  fin. n  taxes  on 
land,  r.utle,  iikii  hamli/.e,  piibli. -ho'ife?,  anti  inn^; 
hot  p;in  ipilb  fVoiiillicii  h  miiu-^  of  lilver,  iron,  anil 
copper.  The  niiiif- of  Cltullliall,  with  ihol'e  of  St. 
Anttn  w  anil  /\1  ciia,  \  n  M  near  .'o?,'^'icl.  a  ytar.  1  'pon 
liic  '\lio!i',  this  eleclor's  anrvial  revinue  isiaUolated  to 
amouf.i  !o  at  lea  I  4-  .',o'.;l.  In  the  year  1 '  .yj,  he  had 
neir  i  i.,"'".o  re};iil.ii-  tin.ij>s  01  fn.it.  Now  tint  tiie 
clhusi.l  ilu'  el'.ii'i.ite  aic 'ii^ci  .il)ove  one-halt,  h\- 
the  addijiu.'i  ot  L.'iiv.,!  n"-r; .  id  IJri-n'.-n,  he  iniv  raile 
ail  ai'.i\  o(  bctwiM  :^  and  4-','.^o  men,  without 
fiic.iilv  '"iidifiing  lii:>  l.i!>'-i,~.  Ill  i!ic  v;ar  r;.i.^  he 
revi.  .1  I  .>  i;ody  oi  :i),S  ,.'  nitn  ;  a:i  i  in  Septcmbi-r, 
17;;,  tlM' niiinivr  wa  ao;^aKi:fe.l  to  i.;,  i-j  ref;i:lai 
tioiijx.  In  I'.;  liu'e  was  an  iiciLi'i.ary  and  perjie- 
tiial  oinon  :r.,;de  beiv.'et.i  ih^  el.'ioral  family  and  that 
ot  .Saxon\  ;  will  h  w.is  renewed  in  i-;i  and  17;",  for 
the  mil  imI  ';>uaiar,ief  ■■(  ii,c  nfacea'le  poifcffion  oi  tlicir 
eilatc.  ai'ainl'  all  ia\  .'■Icis. 

The  Diiehv  of  I'm  men  has  the  W'efcr  on  the '.vcO  ; 
the  Kll  e,  .i-d  part  ot  Lamenl  tug,  on  the  eail  ;  th;- 
(ierminSa  on  iIk-  n  >rili  ;  and  part  of  \'eiden  an.l 
(Miienlvai;,;  mi  ihel'iitii.  Ill  Jiivided  iii'o  the  lanil  jf 
Bienu.i,  piojicih  lii  called,  wliiJi  lies  Ionic  milis 
rn'.ii:  I  tli'j  iity;  Woriteilaiid,  alnii!;  the  coall,  tiom 
the  Willr  'o  tiie  month  ot  the  l-^l.  e;  J  I  ideland,  the 
lioith  pan  01  the  dicliv,  at  the  montli  o  the  Mil)-', 
\vh  :(  ill  •  people  .;ir  dieiiied  iu;iioMr,i,  lait  lo  'ond  ol 
(V'V  ^Inatli-.,  tint  ihe.r  r.eii^hbours  hive  a  prov.rb, 
ll;:t  •'  I'll  le  .lie  no  pcil.mt^  in  I  l.ldi  l.Ukl."  I'ail  <  I 
It  lielongs  to  I  lamluni',,  and  p.irt  10  .S  ixe-l^awenburif. 
Ke  iii^eiland,  in  -vvhuli  hcs.Siali;  and  Al.I.md,  a 
pieal'r.t  n  -it  ill  liaik,  of  nboui  Kj.niiics  in  len_L;th. 
Hi.twixt  li.i  men  an.l  .'>tai!i  tlie  country  is  di.U'if;  Imt 
the  otli.-t  1  ills,  to'iaKh  the  liver  ,  aie  vtiy  plealant, 
and  a  ',i-;i',i  wiih  litid.-.,  nie.ul.)ws  ar.,1  oi'vhards.  The 
inlia'  I'  i..'^  w.'i.i  t.iinmlv  u-li  .|  fo  lun.h  on  their  va- 
lour, th  ir  dii  V  k  iimil  in  luild  torts,  aie  Hill  i  lieenitd 
as  aood  f(il.l;e:s  ,1,  am  m  derm.inv  ;  and  it  is  laid  of 
the  Wiiilil  indi-i' ,  111  particular,  ih.it  thevwill  iii.iht 
an  :  dunk  wi;h  the  I  eii  men  in  (icrmanv .  The  liuia- 
iion  ot  the  coiintr",  between  iw\i  tutli  navigabk  river  , 
h.is  dilpolltl  tl.e  people  in  1;  neial  10  trad.. 

1  Ik- einpi.,.,ir  Lii  invii  us  I'uis  gave  thi^  country  to 
Anfg.iriiH,  ill  J  lirll.i.elii  illkipol  liremeiiand  Ham  bur'.;-, 
wiuiin  he  had  iiiatlc  m.  tiupulran  of  1)  nmaik,  ami  all 
till- known  countries  10  ihenoilli.  lie  died  in  So  ; ; 
and  his  d.  .iih  is  annuallv  obfervcd  In  the  common 
pi  opie  here  wall  great  liileinnitv.  D.'iini.uk  and  .Swe- 
den well'  no  longer  d  i-'endent  on  ihis  lee,  when  Luii- 
tkii  v.-.is  eiCk^Ud  into  an  ai  hbillM|)rie  :  but  this  coun- 
tr\  continued  lulije:!  to  ii,  archliilli.i;is,  lill,  by  the 
II.  ..ty  ol  Willphalia,  tiie  .irchbilli.'iiric  was  feculaii/.ed, 
con\eitetl  into  a  diichv,  and  given  to  the  Swiilc.  tor 
relhaing  the  peace  of  the  eiii|)ire,  and  giving  up  other 
places  which  thev  had  taken  eluring  the  war.  A-.  their 
ancetlors  had  liequenl  w:u^  with  their  archbilhop  in 
detente  n!  tluir  liberties,  iliey  pleatleil   tor  the  lame 

No.  oy. 


exemption;  when  mndw"  fiilvcft  to  the  .Swedes  who 
toiuinued  their  mall.r^  till   171.',   when  this  country 
and  Verdeii  were  cimquercd  U\  the  king  of  Denmark. 
Thl.  prince  niortga  'cd  it  ll'on  to  the  el.rtor,  who,  in 
171;,  hael   .! -,0,00  I.  granted  him  by   his  parliarncni 
to  enable  him  to  make  the  piirchal'e  of  it.     Tlierc  w.as 
111  oppoiiiion,  indeed,  m.ide  to  if,  in  both  houl'e-,  and 
a  clamour  r.ufed  ap,xintl  it  without  doors;  but,  how- 
ever  1  oiivenicnt  it  1111  ^ht  be  for  ihe  eii  clor  of  Hanover 
^\.\io'c  laniily  was  poHeflalof  Ihvmen  once  bfore,  and 
to  whole  dominions  it  lay  loniiguous,  ih-  f.-iddatiire 
vyill-lv  judged  it  might  be  of  the  nioil  dangroiii  con- 
lei|ueiii,c  to  iheirown  of  Cireat  Uiitain,  tliii  any  loreigti 
I  rincc,  e'pecialb  a  m.iritime    power,   lliouki  hold  the 
k.  v,  whi.  h  I  he  king,  it  Deniiiaik  tlkii  lud,  of  the  Kibe 
.Old  ihe  W.  el.     On  I'lirvc) 'ng  the  m.ipsof  this  p.irt  of 
ihdiipire,   il    ippears    iha',  whilll   that   king  was  in 
pnllelii'iii  11   ilie  ilinhiesi'l  Hieiii.n  uvl  W-i-de",  he  was 
m;ill.r,il    ihe  lei-CMll    from  Denm  :rk    almoll    to  the 
Seven  I'rovime  .      The  inap^  ihew,  that  the  p'.'be  riini 
fur  .1'  out  ■-,  ij  mil(-  ,  tliiough  linhemia,  .Sixn.ny,  Bran- 
dcn'.iurg,  ail  i  the  ill  .if  (ii-rmaiiy;  and  tli.u  the  \\\.. 
kr  p.ll;e^,  !'■  I  nb.Mii  .-  ; j  mil,    ,   il. -01:0,11  I  lellia,  \\  .-(l- 
pliiiia,  Ol'v  bill-.',  and  l-'in.-  eti  .r  i  /jiitin-j  1 1'  the 
I'liip.re.      1   le  v. ill   ii.voi  1  ime  u!  thole   river:  to  our 
trade  will   be  luaniki;    'lo.-ii  dmlidtii.'g  ih.:t  all  wur 
woollen,  and  other  linghlh  iiianul'icUires,  and   al.ivjil 
all  0,11  e  .mmodiiies,  both  tf  metlic  and  foicign,  to  the 
viiiie   ol    maiiv    luindr.d    t'loufinds   a    ytar,  arc   by 
ihole  lireims  coiive\ed  t  1  in.uiiiiera!ile  markets;  and 
tint  '  y  th    lame  navigation  a  greai  pan  ol  (,ni  richer 
Hows  ii.niiiuially  home  to  us;  3  tr..de  too  preeious  to 
have  lain  ai  t!ie  nier.v  of  any  toreigner,  eiiher  to  lock 
il  uj)  from  us,  or  to  lay   wh  u    iinpoiitions  he   pi.  aleii 
on  il,  as  might  h.ive  !  ..en  the  ca'e,  h  the  king  of  Den- 
mark h.d  11  It  ixen  difpoiiliieil  of  Biviiien  and  V.  iden. 
In    17:7  liiis  country    '.ufTe.'e.l  veiv   irui  h  b\  inui'  !a- 
tions  tioiu  t' e  l-'.lbe,  the   bmksi.f  win  h  are   in  tome 
pl.aees  vcr\'  low,  and  would  be  '■•eip  entiv    ovc-ilown, 
were  il  not  lor  the  ilyke  .     In  1  720  the  crown  ..f  .Swe- 
den confented  in   form  to  th  ■  d:'iiie,iil'erm  iit  ot  this 
ehieln    tiom  i>  other  dominions,  and  eonlirmed  it  tJ 
tlh   h  .iile  ol  Biunlwie. 

'i'he  common  eli.ilcei  of  this,  and  a  very  large  part  of 
;!ie  low.T  circks  Oi  ('ifi-iuiny,  is.irni  ol  l.owcrS  \on, 
luiihei  D.iteh  .ir  1  f.'li  (iei'iian,  Init  p.aitaking  ..f  both, 
■  ir  r.ither  ihc  10  it  ot  bo'h;  tor  it  le.  ins  t..  hive  i-etaincil 
moi-..  ofth.  ancient  .\ngio-Saxon  than  of  the  Duic'i  or 
1  hgii  (ierv.  Ill:  )et  ivery  one  underiiaiuls  llirvh-t  i  r- 
mui;  .iikl  u  i>-  ihe  l.mgiiage  of  their  printed  b.joks, 
lermo;-",  and  uiitten  letiers. 

This  duchy  is  w.aterrd  by  many  riv.rs.  The  Tecii, 
ihe  rmme,  anel  tlie  Hamma,  j.iin  logethei-,  and  lall 
in:. I  ill--  Weler;  as  dn  the  H'ept,  the  Liin,  the  -St.nel, 
.iiul  ieveral  others.  The  Fila,  theSJiw-ingcl,  .uul  t',c 
(M\  ,  tall  into  the  r.r.e.  Tlie  mole  remai'kabk  pLiecs 
aie, 

Moxttlnkl  ■,  (nil. 'ted  0:1  the  Kliii,  or  I'.il,  1;  miles 
well  ot  1  Limburg,  and  .[..-i  norih  e.iil  .a  M.r.nien,  in  a 
ple.lant  countiv,  fo  frui.iul  :.s  t.i  be  reckoned  one  of 
the  granaries  ot  llamburg.  It  i  a  [irctty  large  Dwn, 
With  br.iad  titeels,  .md  is  fiiii'.  undei  wii'i  a  dit  li  anel 
wall,  iip.n  which  there  arenkl  luiii.nis  lowers,  lis 
riv.  r,  which  come  out  i^i  l.,unenlurg,  and  i  navii.',  ihle 
tor  i>.;a"  up  to  the  t  iw:i,  tall-  into  tlie  Ml  e  at  Craiitz, 
.ilhiiii  k)iir  miles  .'tf,  where  the  latter  is  about  a  mile 
ovei ;  and  tio.u  iieiice  there  is  a  tine  pio  pe";  of  Mim- 
burg.  The  town,  whiili  lirll  had  its  iiie  from  a  nun- 
iieiynl  ladies  ol  a  liniiiv  of,  1: 11  11 '.me,  was  of  luch  note 
foriik-rlv,  as  to  be  admitted  11..,  .1.-  Hanleatic  L..a_.;ne, 
and  llill  retains  the  pii\  ilegc-- ol  a  cit\,  wtli  .  urgo- 
n.allcrs  and  t'enators.  One  of  the  dukes  ol  IJruniWa: 
atleinpied,  in  v.iiii,  to  -..duce  this  pfi.c  111  142. j,  as 
did,  in  :;\i,  one  ot  ihe  counts  of  M.msleld,  w\o, 
becauie  he  could  not  take  it,  let  lire  t.)  ihc  nLM_.hbour- 
iiM  iv.iiuicry.      During  the   civil  w.u^  ot  ( ierm.iny,  it 


was  leveral  limes  taken   turv,  and   le-t.'.kei:    bv,  the 

Sivedes;  who,  being  ai  ieiii^di  ft'tloied   leiitin    1(71), 

y  H  kept 


M 


4 


I 


'I 


:W 


i  *>i-i 


Wi 


Nl  ■ !  t 


i\ 


74-' 


A  NI.W,  ROYAI,  AND  / 


AI'TIIF.NTIC  SYSTF.M   or  INUTR^AI.  flFCX^RAl'lIY 


ki|)l  iU^^itl"   till  ull  nl   llu'iliuliv  ot  niViiKli,  till    tl 


\vlu)li'  uniii 


,lr\  u.is  nif>iuii.Tcil  In  tliv  I).in>.-,  .lli'l  UuH 


n\ 


;uk-  iHOr  lo  l!u-  iki-K'l-  ot  1  LlIlDMr. 


Si.iili.'li:\»a 


•il  ir.ul.',  .nil!  .1  lu-.iltin  ;iir.     It  i-  li"i- 


ntctl  on   till'    ii\.i   /Asing.i,  i>i  StlnMiii; 
into  ilw  K!l  I'  '  mill-  IkI  '\s  it,  ^7  mik^  nm 


mil  tails 


U)  •.!  I  hi 


n- 


iMiri',,  ami   44  ii'ith   I't  IJr 
haMiic,  I'll  11  a  liii  mil 


'l'lli^  |) 


iciial  I'liv ,  aii'l  uiK'  lit  til-" 


In  lull' 

I  ll!" 


Icatt  ninliikra'nU.  is  (.iTiain'y  mmU  tin-  oliUll,  iioinp; 
iiuivil  lui-  Ihiiipiii^  wluM  tlio  monk*,  t'.nt  l)\'  ilu-  jiopt-. 
10  I'.ir  ^Tl  till' S.i.\ui.-,  i-!nl',irki.l  In  r.-  tur  l'ai;;l:iMi!, 
wliidiNVj  joo  uaf  l>i.toi\'  I  Iim!nir;j;  vsa?.  built,  .'.lui 
above    500   biluK  till'  buililiiiji  ot   l^nbn.      An.nili. 


bilh 


lliipnr   i\. 


I  iiiuUi!  Iv.'iv  In  Cliir!i-'  ilu  (iivUi,  v.l  .1 


IIMlk'  It   IJK'    III'  tiupi 


tl 


.'lis  I'l'  till'   lUTlll.      I  I, 


as  t'lTiiiirlv   iiuloiM.-il   vMih  t;rcat    |)iiviki;i".i 

I  ir  all 


'liAyns,  w 

luilHiilirh  iliai  "I'  Ivinii  aiiatvliiin  or  laiVli 

i.tllii.kr-,  u 


ilia  li.'.lit  <■!  I'll  tur  ihijis  pafliiii'   up  tlic 


1. 


Inii 


aniv  tl'  p'HT, 


i  l.iMilnir'. 


lulllrippin 


tli.ii  li  u-w  put  uii'ivi  ilu'pr.iUirh'iK't  till'  ail  UI'iIImi 
..'ii,  the  l''.iii;'illi  iiKi\  liaiii^ 


jt  111 


AlKf  it- 


iipi'ii  lomi'ilir^ull  t.'.k>  11  ai  I  lanil'ii'Si.ivmov  1 


.  Iiiilu  r, 


\\  it'.tra..k  ;  lii  lli.u  11 


n'vaiiK-  ruli  aiul  p.  p 


l\i!l  ill  i;i")d  iuni!iiu'n;  tiioui^li  tin-  l'".ii}ililli  iiki"- 
M  I  laitil'ur.',.  l"lii.'  louii  IS  VM'II  Iniilt  ; 

ail.' 


a  111  I  I 

cliaiits  i\'!uru.ii 


u' cili/.i'iis  i;u'ai  pnsikj;'S,  a-«  a  imaui  |.>r  iluu 


valiaiii  i>  rtoiii'.aiu I's  in  tli.'  Iiol 


It  liail  li'.a.i 


pii\il.  ^iN  ali'i  );r.inii '!  n  li\  ikt' i  inpror  W  iiu  i  llai. 

till  1  l.aiii'i',  til.  ua;'  iio'ii  I'lrati's,  ar.il  pri'ti.'ting  t!i, 

nil  ii  kanis  ir.ii'iMfT,  on  ili.-  \\  .1.  r;  .iivl   in  ■•iv"Uvi.-'- 

llllS  .  ii\ .  '.sitll 


a:l 


w.'l  to  g"  lUnMi  liK  iivii,  ail!  pa 
I  Mil  j;  lull  laiuk'l  lull'.     'I  Ik  iiiluil  1!  (Ills  iir>i  tin  11 


pMVil 

( i>  iiiiaii    iiiiks 


alio  'I  till'.ini'  t'n  111  t 


in-   IjVI 


!!• 


Ill',  a 


li 


a\  nun,  ili-.Mi  10    :l,r  K  a  ;  ,is 


anil    it'.    I'.KMi-h.ill,  n.arkii-pi.ii.1.',  .uul    iluiulu-  , 


ult'uuu' 


liM.  vuk' ill  ilu  1,'..  It  I  luiiii  ,  ( )'.  liiuiii,  \\' 111111.',  .lllll 
l.i'ii'iiiii,  ^vllR!l  ll  ^s  iiiU)  I  Ik  W'l'i  r.  '1  I.  1  il\  is  u>  II 
liippk.il   with    lllll,   |..  ill   tlolU    ils  liiii^  .uul  till'  U.i; 


Bk 


iUl'lllllv 


nr  l?i\ni.'-\<  i.li  ■■„  i-  .1  w.ilk'il  town,  '.miIi 

pLiui'- ; 
I'lp  ll 


a  ^oiiil  calUi',  t'lal  iiiininaiiii^tiK'  iv.  iij;lil<-.miiii 


unil  .1  palan,  uIikIi   i\:'.<.  tni'iiurlv   iIk'  ar 


Ihb.ll 


I'l'lllLll  S,     1 


B 

it  IS  litii 


111  till'  n\i'i' 


Oil 


i'.  tliai  run-  1 


iit>)  till  Kib 


ll  mi 


i"i 


1  i  I' 1111  Si. ilk' 


aiiiLH  imrlli  ot  Uii- 


iiu'ii;  .lllll  til-'  I  iiisl  ir.iik'  o 


it'  It  I-  bv  p 


.ili'i'ii 


IMS  hi'UMXt 


tlii'll'  towns.     Till'  chaiKvi)  ot'  iln.'  iluiliy  is  ki pt  at  ID 


1' 


Riizlnittk-  i-  a  b  ,iir»\i,  k,  lontilliiv^  ot'a  lallk',  wiili 

iHluuiiiA  I"  till'  1  l.milm.glurs,  ami  liiu- 

I.  ..■l!,'"ii, ;  /ll  ill'-  K:bi  t.'.lK  iiitii  till'  North 

■ipi  lit  laiiil  lit  this 

11  Si  uk'.      il.'ri.'  th'-  I  lani- 


4 


Si  1,  nm   10  links  I'ri.ni  lin  uini.tl  [ 


a'll    iiuA 


ll.lVi 


IV. IS'   iiioiiiU 


Irv.ial  r. 


Ills    ill    l..l|.'!l. 


Viiioiij',    oUi' is   llu\     i..it.li  (.M'^al  ouiutii  I  s  u!  I'llninii 


ul  l.Liinri  \s;   li 


lllll 


iiruM  lit  uhk'i 


ami  ilif  1  'tl.  r  puK'.  il 


..['■  Ill  iir 


,  iliiiil  .I'lil 
at    ill,-. Ill 

tlinnighoiit  all  (itimaiiy.  Rir,iiiliili  U.^iul  ,\\l\\  tliini 
\i  .ill  till.' piii  ill  ^.'  tli.u  iiiiiluv  ill,  I'.' p  ll  I'i  or  n  "Ills 
llioiilil  be  I'abk'  Id  ari'i  ll,  aitacluiiciu,  it  mhcr  iiiipo- 
liiio'i,  iliiouy,l'.oiit  ilu'iiupiii;  .111(1  L'li.iili's  V.  gavi." 
tLi  111  ill.'  riglii  ot  loiii.ig,-:  but,  o'l  its  r.i  i  i\in'^  th; 
r.tunii.iiiuu  111  155:,  am!  /.laloiiih  ikLiulingii  .lo.ai  li 
o!k'  ot  tht'ir  ari.lil)illiops,  th.it  imp  lor  oiikriil  ih.' 
cil'.  to  1h'  Ivli'.Ci-i!  bv  tlic  iliiki'  01    l^uinlvvii.!. ;   aolnili 


,t  nial^'lo  galkui!  aikun :;,  that,  at.r  :iliiio|!  a 


I.  iiiiirv,  ami 
Iviii'tilu  is  h 


ii.irih-wi  It  I 
'.v\  .1  ll  all  Ul',  ca 


viai  s  muti'iui'.n 


,  ik  was  luri \'i!  10  I  n'r  1 


I.    T 


,  h 


allal  Caxli,r>i'ii,  whii!!  is  ot 
;r.at  lu'iuli;  t  '  lli.rs   n '.i;r..,„  fii  thv   I'.llu  111    vMaicr, 

1  U  Tl'  likivvik'  I  Ik  11  lliips 
t..|  i,r. 


,!kn  ilk'  rivir  is  t,.li  nt  iii.' 

■lun  li.ip,  mi  iIk.i  .nvival  trim   lni'.ij  \i- .\j^. 


(kr-  .iml   ik'kr 


1  ku-  ai'i.'  pi 


IVllfgill     [ 


,11. .ll    ,     Uli.i 


tik-  ll.iiui,',  .iri.'ub'iii;iil  10  h.ivi'  .1  v.u  .it  .il 
:iii  1;  bun;,,    I'v.ulv  In  p'li  a  pi! 


Ilia'.'  tik  uu: 


,  m^alion  lliall  ivquir'.',  mi  bo.'i-ii  nl  iv.'n  lluii  imiuii^ 


illiops   (!iii    II  I    i  inbraci'  thr  ri'loniiation   ti 


i.is  iitv   ilaiuk'.l 


.1  ritilit  ot  vot. 


ll    !i  luiin  III  iln 


ni-il  10 


lint  (.A'l.r  fuHi'  L'liaikiTi.,j:'U',   whi.h  w.  s  mniii 
ihiiii  i  tiiuiigii  ill,  aithbiinop  i  ppoliil  it")    bv  ilu  iin 


pi  :\n-    1  ciiiiiiaiHi  1 11.  Ill  I  "4 
iibill 


til  uvar  ; ,  on  th,  Ic- 
iil.Ui/.a.i  u  ii'i  th.  ,lHilblllk'piir,  111  th    1   ii'.n  ul  i|ii,  .  11 


Chiiiliiii,  oi.^.i.ihn,  11.  V.  .'.ilpuit.'-  ail''  ,  v,  hull  laiiv 
'i   a  r.i[iuMi'  i.'i  1'  .4;  ami  thoii[!,h  thi  .  ','.■  r,  i  iiiijioicil 


I, .,  ( 


iiilo  ilk'  Eiik.   But",   11  twithilamliii^  ih.i-  i-  mi-ol  tin-  \  uir.l.r  L  n  oi.  •  (i-  il.iv  u  ,  i;i  lo.-S.  1    i'    la.  ;  .on!  aeaiil 

nioll  ilan^v'niiis  liv.r    m  laiiiip',  t,, ,  :iu  r,  .is  all  iliip-  I  uii'li.r  Ci'.arl, ,.  Xi.  who  il.iiin.  i  ilk  lov  i-i;>iii'   <'l   iln' 

«.oiiiingtn]lam!:uigaii' 'iblii;,.!  t'l  piv    h.ilt    pil't  ii','',  •  ''"' -  as  well  as  ili  it  ot  ilu'iim  hv  .  w  hii  h  1  ,..i  b.. ;".  1,  l'- 

wlktl-iT  tlkv  !':ivc' pilot-,  mi  b.i.ir.lm  mil,  i1k  v  an- ii-l-  |  t'l  I'J  ihi' Swiilis  by  ti'uuv:   I  ul  lin'  !■  n  i"    '  <  il'i,  ,!i'. 

ikiii  ;a  I'.a.Vi.I  ill  L, 'I'll    wi.al'ui,  wli.ii  tl.iv  .u\'  l,,il!  ;  1 1  um,  il  it,  on  ih .  ball-,  ot  llr.    !Olha.iiil     a    ihi    ti.ii, 

waniiil,  ui.k!;    h.i-"^  oh  affniil   ilu'    h  I-  nl  u.  iii'.  li  I.  !  "i  Olnabui;^,  vvhuc  '.   iivii-  dci  l.uc  '  a  lu.  ii,,p,i,,,l 

lhl| -.     'I'liv    1  laml  urch.rs  havv    .Ui.ah.r    tinliiilhi  ,  i  il'  ;  lli  muh  lli,   .ui  i,b|ihop;i.. ,   n  ,:1,  .ill  th  ■  1I...I1I    b'- 

migh.bnurlioo'.l,    ^alk-il     Nei\-wi\ik,    m    Niu    i.ul-,  '  lo'i;J,i'.-i,i  •  U,  vvi    uri  Xnl,  b\  t!:.'c;i:j)  i    :  imKiiipr,  1  , 

\vhkh  rv.!",-,-  t'ori!rinsrik'ni!i'j,ih.j  linikr,  mi  i!;e  l.iml-  ,  t' Hii  '  "kvii  m    Swk.kn.     'I'lu-^.'.  i\   .  n.v.i.h  k:-, 

i.ik'    ai'au.tl  tik- loi'iuv.       '^  ■■  ""'    l'-"'S    t.i'.isii.il,  b  li.i;nl  it  above  l'\  vvc  i  ■.,   bul 

Ailioinini'  to  Ilu- baili'.'.k  kill  Rii/liuiik'  i~  ihi  hti!,  '  raiisd  ilk-  U.gv,  at  tin;  iiitcipolition  o!  tlv  n.  luhbin.r- 

vliliik-t  i'-' IL  :-.!ii,   'ir    Haikl.i'ul,   o!k-nio:!  ii'illivm  ing   pruKis;  .iml    ilkii  Inllowta  die  Ucil-,   of   ll.ilun- 

part  111  lia.i.ui'iv.')  Alu.h,wiiliiis>,iiil  ll,  Oiun  ii.rH',  ,  hauleii,   in  :'.'",b    '.    mil  ill.  c  ii;.  w,>s  ,.bh'.v'(l  to  pan 

on  then-. I   .\k(i.uiu',ai..l  liie  luvn  e.l  ll.iikln,  .ame,  ]  vsahl-.nie   ot    ii-.  am  .  ■.'    p:-.vil  ;'..s,  an!   ;.,w  veii'- 


ia  the  i-  ih  I'-Pliav,  I'li-in  llie  an  M'illu'p^  nt  H'rakn, 
la  till.   h...il,.  m  Si-,.-Li'.v.,il  iiri:    bill  ihe  ll'-'.'..-  i;'.  ■  < ■' 


iret'-iU'Dns  to    ihent;h!    ul    i.itiii;',  all.,  vol iiuj,  1:1    th 
iiei.      It    I'    jji'veiik'il    bv     ,1  kiiuc',    ronipui.  I    ot    j 


fhit  houle  Ivionuni;  ixliiu'l  rrthevia-     M.K.i,    iml  a    :  Inii'o.m.iltei-,  or . (.111111  .  .ri.i  ;a  leniim' ,  m  ,  .in'.:' on 


liilpuiL'  :i.tili:ip,  .iii'iiii  tl'.e  inheiiiam  i ,  lui'.v^  nil.  f- 
male  heirs  an  I  thek-iigot  Su,.kii,  ilk- .niin  10:  eiiu'.u; 
il  \.i  be  t  iken  into  lniu.  'ballon,  umkr ',', hkii  i:  :  1  !  1,  - 
ik.u'is.  Til  iiillle  lit  OltiiklmH',  uhi.l,  b:  ..i^-  1.. 
S.i\. -l.  i\>eii!iiii;,   ll  nilkamb  ir.oll  ot  ihc  ■ 'I'bii^i . 

Cir.-lllailt  '.  l.ill'.er  ;i  tmtl'el-.  lii  Ul  .',  t' ..' ;:,  .  'I  the 
ri'>,  1  1  pv.-'.le;  wiii,  h,  hiving  fill.  'I  ii--  uiu  h.  ,  t.'.il  lulo 
the  W'el'.'i,  ;.i  uiik-s  niinh-w,',l  ot  l-iriiiie!!.  Ii  iv.i'- 
tollllik-vl  iiv  Ch..!-;,-  X.  ot  S.veikn;  t.iki  n  la  ihe.iukL- 
Ot  Briiiihvlei.  in  i''7'',  ,iml  rellnred,  I'V  ilu  ti. '.',!',  ot 
l''.)iltainbk',ui,  in  iii-ij.     Clunks  XII.  in  1  f,,/^,  i.-.-:uit 


loua.  uira.'i,  in;  !  ibiig  ui  I'lui  ,livi:..i,'is,  vi.-.  one  imi- 
;.:u  1' .lUi .  and  i'.«.  lenaior-,  l.iiiiliit  lie  kn.ir  u  ml'.. 
I  i.'-i  aie  ehoie.-i '  ..i:  ot  th.  i  hi.  I  eii'  n  ■.  to  tiiai  di,  ..-•u 
V.  ;  '.:n  nr  is  a  kiivl  ot  anlloerk'.  'I'iiis  I'-iiiie  d  - 
,  ;  ;,  ..il  I -i.il,  ,,  (1  I  l.liailieal  iiiimii',  an!e:vh;  iiid 
i'..iuii  iheie  ii.  no  ripi"!!.  I '.( I  pi  ;;.  i'..- I.i'.ii  1,  wi.  ,' 
di"  ll,:!'.  liligiMl  i-vte.  I  (  rnl'Ji.  nidi  piaM.rs  u'  •^oK', 
01  ,u  iiul  ,:  icl.  ikriiiig;  in  v  lu  h  .  .'le  th  le  niiv  u  ■  ..-i 
,ipp-,  .1  III  ilk  mil"  11  .1  1 1  iiiiiM  .1  W  ^  ;/l,n-.  It  .u.y  ni 
ilk'  ni.illb.is  di.',  or  i.eiiiiif  uii  pi.li,  llu  v  mill' 
dull',  aiiolher  in  24  lioiii'  ;   in  winen  ind,  oneekeia 


c'd  libertv  iiUi.nM.n.e,  with   ;o\eaisexi  inpii  m  troiii  |  is  eliokn  out  o!  eaili  il.ds  I'v  in',   ..ml  llien   Ihut  up  m 

ta-xe-,   luali  Pr.jti-'il.int-.   th,il  '  would  ti.ltk-    Iki.  .    but  j   i  11.10111  witlu.ut  leemjj;  am,  mie  kll  ilie  ek,-i  ii.ii  is  ovek 

the  inhabitaiits  are  i'.  vv.                                                       .  '  Hi  y  have  then  mvii  llatme  kn', -,   v.  iiJavuu  riia::,! 

Ri-enuii,  b.'  lapi.  ll  01  llii-  diuh'i,  11,111  I -.  in  .1  '.luii-  \  in  i.-^-:,   bul  have  been  Inic  iniended.      b  has  ,1  ,11  .1- 

till  plain,  2;  links  e.ui  ol   Old  nbiirj,   and  about  ^1.0  I  di.umi  ot  aboul  10  miles  rmind.  aimmi  hno   widi  [.il- 

n.irth-wul  i.t    \  I,  u'-.a.     ll  is  ,111  ,uim  nt,   l.n  .---■,  poiiu-  '  lines  well  Ho.  ke.i '.^  nh  e.uih  .  an  :  ii  bordered  with  li  r- 

1  111  ,   tloiuill.iiig,   lie,',  imp.  rial  nil. ,   and  die  tlnidm  i  iiioiies  I'.elonoi.i!".  to  Ins  Bn:  ur  :c  ma  ell. .     Tlieiiv..- 

rank  amoni!,  the  I  I.ms,  wineh  are  [liinbu!<i,  Lubei ,  j  Wek-r,  whieli  luiaMi'ableaboiii   ;o  m,l.  s  iVoni  the  1  a, 

aiklBiwiu'm     Tl.e   Ian. r,  though  u   i-  1 -...kilned  ih.;  luiii  thiou^'li  n.  a' .1  ilivuls    die  ol  i  e.tv  noiinlie  new; 


iRAI'UV. 

I  liu'   ukUll,    ln'iiijv 

,  r.nt  l>v  I  III'  |iop<, 

Ik  ..■  lor  1''.ii;;1;iin!, 
ui'j,  w.i'i  huilr,  .■.n.l 
I.uIm.  An.irtli. 
!i>  ilu  (iuat.  v^l  .1 
.  I  l>nr\  \  .  i.'i:in'- 
•   I  u\v;iiii  tui-  ilu,, 

II  •     1 1  li.ul  ii'.  ,r,i 

\\     inr   V\  III.  I  |l,li.   , 

;r   i  pi.'N.'ting  tli. 

I|\   i     '  II    ■•il'i.U    Ui-'-.- 

|Vl  I'.ilH  >ii\,  will,. 
'  .il  i'  iMis  |\in  ilu  ,r 
1  '^'o!  I  i'l-.a,  io',11 
Al;    ID     ll.r  Ka  ;    .1-, 

111,  \\  ■  iiiin. ,  .iml 
.  'll.  .i!\  r,  v.^ll 
li^.i^  -ml  till-  U,i; 
i:il   I    ll^  ill  r.  ,il-M. 

illUtlll    S   u(    hllllKIl 

I,   i'  II  i;  till,  ll  .I'ul 

I  111  gr  Mt    i!K\iM 
'a  II.  >iu!  .■•val  tliim 

II  1'    ll   •  :      111  i;  "ll!-, 

(.'III.  IT  other   iii'po- 
ikI  C.'ll.llK■^   V.  civc 

ll'!  its  rvnivin;;  ih  • 

iLK'luling  II  .;p,.;ir  li 
mp  ror  uiiki\,|   i|,.,- 

MuiiilWii.!, ;  ;i;4.lmli 
,  ili.it,  ;riiT;ilin.>|l  .-i 

)  I  111'  11.  Tl'i-  .in  !i. 
oiniitiun  till    I  ;.S:. 

■  I'll  !i  lliiiil  II.  ill. 
i.ii  w.  s  iviiiiirtii.tl  lo 
'O'.iil  it")  |.\  ilu  rill 
Mii'iu.u  :■.  u\\  til.  ic- 
III  I'l.  1  is-,n  111  iju, ,  II 
t'^  .11..'  ,  ulikli  cini- 
1  ill      '.'.■  r.  I-  MtipoU'il 

I     I'    1  !•  '  .0111  ;u;:iin 

K   I. IV  I   niir   ..('  iJH- 

l^'l.  ll  1  ...I  JJ.,  .  M,!,'. 
ll'-  !■  11  I''  '  .  ll!.  ll... 
ii'..ii.i  Ml  I'l  ll  It, 
lilt-  '  ,1     lu,    11, ,|,    I,,  1 

u.:.M  ill-  lijlii  I,., 
t'ir.p  r  1 .111(1  .•mpr.  I  , 
-.'.  .'.   .  iuv.:,l,  I.;-, 

lllOVC   |.\    Wi.  I  s,     I, ,11 

iin  1)1  ill  11  ii^hhin.i-. 
till.'  Ul'.U     lit   'l  l.l'.u.i- 

•  u',,^  i.jilj..,,!  (,,  |,,|. 
;'..  s,  aii.l  ;,,  tx  '\\  lis 
i;',  iiii.,  voiiiiir  i,i  III,- 
uc,  ifiinpiil'.'. I    lit'  4 

i.|i:ll')l '  ,  iv.  1  i.|ti'i,i!;i- 
vi:..i;is,  VI,-.  out-  1. Hi- 
ll I  i  111'  liiiir  vv  111!'., 
il.    I1-,  111  that  Ml.  ..■.. 

•  •  i'liis  |..ni!c  ',',  - 
iiim',  an  !  i:v:i;  i-.j 
I  '■■■'■  I'..'  l.i;ii  1,  ui  ■ 
ni:li  I'liil.l.is  ()■  ..III,!, 

•  .'Ic  th   ir  nviv  i.  ■  ,.•! 
^W:/i,l^.      It  ,;i.y  111 

11.  ,pi,  ll,  iIha  ii'iiil' 
iiu  11  .  ikI,  oik-  i-ki'.ii 
■.i.'l  ;l;uii  i'-.iit  up  111 
:  tli;'  ..'l  ■'■  1  ,;i  is  ovfi. 
,  ^1  .  ',  h  V  (  !<  1  !i:i,.  :;  ,i 
iiilvil.  ll  has  .1  ii;  ii- 
uii'.iai  iiiicv  ui;li  |-,ii- 
i  ll  l).iri!'jR-(l  wiilii  ;■- 
'  i;'.:rill\.  T\\c  ir.^: 
;o  ni,|.  s  froiii  thv  1  .1. 
M  c.lv  liutii  tliL'  ii'.w; 


Kt'ROPF,.] 


C,  r.  R   M  A  N       I,  M  V  I  R  F,. 


lull  ili.ri,'  i>  ll  ciniimitii  tuHi  by  ;i  liriil(',i'  ot  b.i.ii  ,  ,iii.l 
ti'MTil  woivUn  liriil(T,'s.  TIk'  riv^r  is  not  n;ivi(5ilili: 
r.ir  Ihips  iir  himU'ii  l.iiiliiT  tli.in    Kvjri  I'lcl.,  lix   iiiiK  ■ 

ilil.iW    ill.     lilVVtl,    wIiTl'  lIuTV    i^il    I'Ullllll.ll.illIC,    ilfui 

wliir-.ill  I'lips  I'lul  ami  iiiil":i.l  ;  I.)  lii.ii  all  umiU  arr 
liroiij^lif  tip  trnni  t!i  nci- ill  ll 'i-bi'tt  iiiuil  v  tli!''.  ll 
has  .1 '  iiiliiliMMi'  tr.ulf  t.)  liiij;!  iivl,  i  rp.ti.illv  with  ail 
llnis.it Wcllpiiiilia  liii'.'iis,  .iii'l  ii'iiil-  li'v.ral  Ihip-,  pir- 
tiiiilii'iv  to  |,iiiii!i)n,  fvoiv  \.'ai;  tlicri' bcinp  a  };ri;it 
Ci'iiriini|)tii)ii  lit  iIk'  Enplilli  w.hiIIui  m,imilai.'tiii'  s 
wliiili  tiu'V  rviiiw  ivil  Hilly  ilir.viK  Inin  Kiifrlaii.!,  lut 
li\   wav  III'  I  l.imliiir.',  amlll.il' 


an  I  ililin'ik-  lliiin 


at'.iiii  tlii'iiiniiilu  ui,  iK'cir.  k-iit  Willp!.  ili.i.  It  hkovili' 
li'iiii.  Iliip  ll  It  mci-,  Spiin,  I'l'iiinjil,  an. I  It.ilv ,  ami  ,i 
gi  at  iiuiiili.  1  ti  j  )..\  is's  Stri:ij>lii-.  It  lias  alio  a  con- 
(ill  •i.iiik'  ililanil  II  Ilk,  p.irtirillarU  lotlr..'  gival  t.uiN.iiiil 
ir.  lit.  Ill  (i,Tiii.i!i\ ,  to  whicli,  ain.inj»  iitli.r  (;  )i«l-,  ii 
ll  ill!  I,.ri;v  ipnntiti.".  ol'i  :ilittK-s  aiiM  liii!;.ii',  pi'iiit-'il  ami 
r.  (iiuij  ii.Ti-,  lliimj^li  n.n  in  that  p.  iK-cli'ii 


ll  ill 


li^    I- 


1- viTV  imicii  I.  .'>'.  inai    I'l'ivrniin 


iii.l  ilun  toK'  I'Xpi.rliil  m  larpi-  ijiiiiitili 


Dt'i  r 


civ'iiiiHluii'i  ar.'    luiiv.r.i 


lir.ili.-r,  coin,  c'tlv,  ai- 


■aiii,  I  ;   111  ilivliiii^  111' which,  iiiil  cKuli,  th,  i  .'.r.-  \-r 
.;i".li;   111  ih.it  hinh  .iiv  |..  Ill  hilli'r,  tiirili.ii  luirpuU 


t.   ,n 


kl   I     Mtltlli 


1 


ui>  Ml  tin, 


ll  vxii'iri.UMii  .ir>'  \vr\  low,  wlrch  i-  a  orvat  cite 


ru.^.'ilK'ii!  I  )  tiMiK',  an. I  i^ivvs  t:;i.'  ii 


ih.ibitaiii- 


t. 


iiv.  r  ti 


.  I) 


1II..II  111   111..-  IMHIItn.--    l)-t\V  XI    I   us  Clt\ 


:ii..i  their  riiiuiihc. 


B-oiii. 


Ilmiiniij;, 


III  I 


lit,-  wh 


II 1   ik-^'iii  (I  ilv  iH'Xi  pun 


|.i 


.niviii.' 


I 


r  ci'miiiiTcv ;  an. 


ill  tiiiiiii  u-.ir,  It  lif.'Ui  i'iii..iil  t.ji'c.- ID  c  iiivin  thru 


pi  rc.i.iiiii;i  a. 


Wll.L.L 


h.irpiioiur  ,  |i.'i;vj, 


t  {.'.ik'mIIv  U-n. 
■  tiili  IV  ill  (I 
I'll 


s   iD     Ol- 


io Ih 


Mil 


I  t 


1.  I. 


■rllK-.l  till- 


1  xpvri  111  i'-  III 


c"iinti-\,  a:\-   iivinunt!"  Ii 


ili.-l  biuh  In  tlk-  Dr.tLli 


:IJ1. 


l-aiji'ilii 


H 


th  t'l    ol.laml  iK-w  towns  av^-  torlifi.-i!  w-tli 

i-i..    Thv-r 


a  hr.i.t'l  iliu-li.  aiKl  a  c  mni 


la,  !■ 


Init  l! 
ll  h.  h 


vvi-r.il  i.i\v,-'s  on  till-  \v 


I.  v.-alb  lit  !h.-  ivjw 


ill 


atu-r  tiu-  okl  ni.inn.-r 


I'luii  liavv  .  i.'hi  Ii".,-  Ini'u-ai'^ 


nvi-\-.-r,  \\r  iicr^r  bv  i.atuii- ih.iii  in. 


'an'illiii  ot  '•00  'ii'ii,  b  liiL,  the 


ll  i!.i\   an. 


iniil-.t,  at  ill.- lowii  hiail'i-,  Iv,    'oo  ..t  the  cii i/.i'iis.     Oi 


lu-vip.  u.i 


11 


11  r.imii..ri-,  winch  .irr|>lint  .1  W!th 


.1    f 


tiilTv     is     I  ro  111    I.T     C!>ll 


.1;   W.-ll   .Is  t.i.'t- 


aii.!  a  ii.oll    I 


igfv  i..iiik  [iiMlj  .  -i  ol  iliv  ri',\i', 


aii-.i  III:  ic.  Ill  cou;^(I'^■, 


1;.   II. w  I'lU'ii  li.is  atiniiul  .'.rl-iial,  u- 


■11  11. 


li-.l  with 


am 


Ini  ll  avnis,  ami 


Ih   aiici'. n: 


otl 


u  ;-  lit,  iilils   Linl    til  i|s   ot 


.itul    iiioi'i  ra.     'IIkii-   i^  a  Id! 


'I', 

\>  huh  is  a  ion  ol  .inn  .iivv   tor  l   i-  biir[;hcrs,  Lunu,  .i 
lini--  nr  h:il|,  \\\v  'c  tl  vir  r-niiual  ot'  tr.i.k   in..-i.is   ih..- 


ot'  wMc'-.   ir-  .ul.iin-.l  A;ih  liiiiil  a-nr 


.-\i  i! 


i-!ii-,|iHi  ill  :,  I.  ilu-  lijiipc  ot  auirnor  m  ci  iiipktr 
ar.n  .ii;,  \^li  i,  ' .-.'  I'lm-  nice!',  niilni  uii.'  itiv,-  It  ■]!  ,  .i> 
1,1,111  .1  \  m  11  111  on  thiio,  Ints  uji  the  bciv.!  .il  hi- 
li.-ini  1  uithhi-  t;'iiiiclii.'.iii  loi.iliit.-  wm. 


I'r..  !i   til.-  t;il:-.rv   ot  till-  e,inil  .mciii 


tii'ii-  tl 


Iter  p.ii-    ol  the  l.ii.i 


u  liich  I  on 


inn,,  rani;nl  in 


v,-i'i  lie.'itrnl  ni-innii',  th- i..'  is  i  pill'ioe  to  iiic  a  ni- 
nalii!  n,  .11  .'Cll.  r.u  ,  luiilt  .iltci'  llv  i-etoi-ni.iti..n,  u  hich 
u,i-:'.t  lull  ofily  .1  tic  kli.iil,  liiit  aticrv\..ii.ls  aiKaM.i.-il 
lo  tl.i  I'ltl.-  Ill  '11  uni-»i-il-u  ;  which,  I"  the  numitiscncc 
III  U  ,  i.'l  V,  o  th\  .ii/.ni-,  inai.vS  n-ij^ooJ  .ili»iiicas 
(oiiii-  ol  the  bi-tl  in  (iCiiivun,  .iiiJ  h..s  proiJuc-.-il  in.in} 
c  ,  .■        .1, 

V' 1  .i.iic,  i- 111!,  il,  ui' |i',vn-li(iul',-,  is  ,1  Lir.j;,' (j  I- 
ihic  llrii.-line,  luiiliin  140;,  ami  a.lorncd  oiithc  out- 
li.lc,  with  ri-\.-ral  ll  un.  ■  ot  the  ciii|vi'ors  .inJ  ck-i'tor-, 
bi-li.k--  tholo  o:  I'lalo,  Arilbnlc,  Cicro,  aiul  other 
anciiiit-  ;  aiv!  ,1  ]i.,',i!;c  ol  the  okl  I'.mi  n.  iv  toun-.  The 
e  .ii;icil-chamli.-r  h  is  tli.- pi.-tii;e  ot  1.:  (i.rnian  eiii- 
|K-i-or',  il.iwn  to  I  .'.-.ip.iM.  The  coii"t- ol  ji-illice,  and 
ot'  ei  aii;irliiH-nts,  are  plaliu'itiian  iiiits  with  tiic  cl:ji,ii:t\ 
of  tin  olliccs  thev  are  put  t.i;  au:l  the  lower  jiarr,  or 
Iv.ill,  in  i\  hich  theic  are  door,  that  le.ul  to  ilic  courts  ot 
jir'hc.-,  is  liiicil  with  lov  ^iiui  print  lliojis,  and  others 
tor  ll.iti  jnary  and  luibeidalhcr)  w.ires. 


At  one  eml  ot  ihislniil.ling,  biinetniri'rd  bv  .ifi'tvt, 
there  is  a  public   Itnictiiri-,  tviih  a  pi -./.'..i  .in  |  jhop^ 


iiiulcrit,  wliitli  lervrs  tora'i-  x 


iDlliiiili    lu'iiuetitcil  as  thole   .ill. 


eli.inj;,e;  Imt  is  11, .t  neat 


iiid  II  ami 


I  A' 


nil  'r- 


lam,  ami  oiib    rcioMclto  I"  the  iiieiclii.nts  ot)  iDit 


.1.1 


II 


IC 


arc   levcral   holjiitals,  pnrticularly  one  tor 


I>traniuute'!  or  dil.ibleil  mariner-;  and  another  ti 
I'd,,  lime.  (I.  ci'cp'.l,  and  old,  ol  Imth  Icxes.     It 


I'l- 


plain  but  coMiiiKiilious  iliiK'hire,  with  a  verv 


thapi 


Ai 


IS  a 
.laii.itoine 


lo.iiiMj;  toil  IS  .1  luniie  of  cone.iioii   t.ir 


N.i^.ilvinds  .ml  eniiiiii  ll-,  vvhcr.' lun  .tics  ire  alii)  kept, 
.iiiil  (ill  h  as  h  ipjiiii  to  kill  a  pc,  lijii    111  ulv  rii-ntb  ,  tlr 
jileaof  clKinrc-niedlcv  not  l-.ciiip,  adiiit'-.d  in  tl 


aseoiin- 


ti\.  .Such  lliict  tlileipliiie  i.  kept  heic,  thit  it  is  ol 
icrved,'  thoiiuli  there  .ire  at  leill  100  pi'olli^at.-  per'.liiis 
111  It,  not  .111  indecent  word  is  hi.-.ir.|  out  ot'd.eiriiiouths^ 
being  almoll  continiully  oli':.'i.d  10  accompany  the 
tilkiii.iller  in  lin.yng  pl.dmi  .iiid  ' 


11 


e  ne'.v  10.'. n, 


■n  t!ie  louih  li.leol    the  WM'. 


vliicli  ll.iiids  the  iinuen.t 


r,  in 
\  and  arienal,  coniiih  ihie.'ly 
ot  giiikn  ,  .iiid  liiilepleirme  hollies,  heloii^im:;  to  the 
priiieip.il  iijenhants,  ai'd  oilier  in!- ih't.mi-,"  ot  the  old 
1  .11  J  li.is  l.irj;  r  an  I  n.iieh  nimv  re'tii!  ir  ili'e'-rs  tli.in  the' 
iilt  r;  .ind  tliev  are  1110. 1  ot  tlieiil  pil.iisteil  with  loivsut 
limes  ;.ni|  wild  elu-rniiis. 


The  ill-eels  ot  the  old  i.iwii,  oi.  the  north  I'.ik 
river,  in  '.Jii.-li  are  the  cailiei!r:il  and  th  ■  leiv.t. 


ll  'tile. 


isiiti  r  111  till-  iii.iiket-nla 


lilaee,  wlierem  ll  ni.ls  mi 


'.III  1 


i:i;.i(',e,  one  ot  thule  i-rec\e,l  in  mani-  o!  i!:c 
(iermaii  1  itit-s,  bv  (.r.jcr  ol'Ciiarl  s  the  (ire.it,  by  the 
n.i-iie  ot  St  ituaRoMiid 


n.ij  on  wi'lcli  :•  an  m  i-.  n'  in- 


len|)ti  T,  d,.nii|i:r,>;  il  1  1  be  .1  i.l!  ,iii,,n,  d  ■  t  tli  h'-  nv 
!',riiit.'.l  b',  Cii. tries  the  (ir.-.it  lilhis.it\.  On  t',- 
opp.ilite  li.k,  1)1  the  iii.iikel  is  a  pubhe-lvnile,  uhi.ii, 
.11    liie  iaiiie  lime,   I'erves  as  .1  h .! I   i.t  com'Moii-h.l!'  :   r 


the  levei-il 


illei-i 


or  a 


ll.  ii\b 


ceiltli  ll  .'t    1 1 


l.iS     .11.1     i.) 


.!  the  iiUr.'JH  ,■ 
\\n  is  I, I'd  tl 


iKen    w.ille 
■k 'l  bri.l 


■•03   \e:'.rs 


On   the   lar.'.lt    ,,| 


iti 


ui.v!..  n  hri-l;',s,  there  is  .m  etii^ine  ih.it  r.uh.s  niter, 
.m  I  diip'-iles  it  all  over  the  till  ;  and  there  is  a  Ion  ai 
ill--  li.-.id  ol  It,  wiiiil 


I  I-  Weil  'iii.iiilei 


I 


11. 1  r   the   knale  li.iii'.. 


.1  ipici.Kis  Wine   ci  Mar, 


lo.-.-   lllllCIl 


".'.erein  ar,  li,e  liui^s  vetl'el-,  each  ot'wiiuli 

alin  -    100  iio.^lh.-.Kk,  wlier.-ol'  tuiir  .ire   .ilw.iis    ke]it 

111!!  i.r  R  '.eiiilh  ,\in.-,  and  ihe  tilth  is  k-tf  efiipt\-,  witli 


Inull 


d.oi-  :,t  t!ie  head  ot  1;,  t  1  .j:r.itil\  {\\:\\  as  !iav 


the  curii'liiv  to  enter.  There  is  one  vault  ot  ■,  l',.'i-,  e  okl 
h.i,L,   the   ke\    .it   wliiili  is  ke;  t   b\   111 


miller,  aii-l  on'\    a  tiiim''  jr  <u    ho 


I  ire  11, 1  If 
tlk--,   kt't 


in  the 


■  it' tlie  in.ill.r  ot  the  cellar,  t.i  be  I'eild  at  :'.l)iiii'  a 
.'.e  e,;\  coins  .1  lit;;,-  pine 


iivl.  a  .).)ii- 


i|  ill.ir,  o 

lit   ninni  v  .-t  lis  o.w  n,  e.ii 

.ill -lit  a  leillp.  iin,  :    10  ; 'h' then  var.ls    ;ii 

L^lilli.     Tlie  eiiil.iin,  w  ;,i  h  .1: 


a  V,i  I't,   wli-iCli  IS  w- 


ike    \Qo  V. 


i.ll  111  ihe  .  a 


her  1 1  IIS  T 


te'.-.i  ...Is  l;ee;-.nie    Hi.ii-'- 
■1    1.',.-,t'::1';  IK".."  Ci"'.!e;- 


'\  li:   ail  a. id  l.ill,  an  !  in.ikiii.i  thiir  Ir. 
.11 


HI  piMI\. 

line  ot  oood  lii;ii-'i-  lo  the  cimpin;, ,  is  i.ud  lo  luue  Is 
iiirruiit.il  here. 


en 


Oiunbiiri.',  a  liitli.  t'lrtili.-il  i'i.\n,    1  .v 


miles  11,  ,rl' 


Il- 


eal! ot  H:-.  ill  n,  with  a  lli-on.;  luiil.-.  1 
boiik  r  ,a  till,  bilhoprie,  i\as  iormerl',  l':;e  l':;i'-ip's  leai. 
It  ue-  t.-.ki  11  1,1.  . .  ill  til.' Ini--  li -.'ill-,  and  on;  e  in' ilie 
.S.si.'k-,  ill  the  (I  rm.'.n  .  -vii  '.\.irs.  li  1-  ■;  ;  ieti\  lar-',.- 
liin-oii'.'!;,  o!!  till  ii\,-r  W  .  ;i.me,  tr.iiii  when  e-  t'",-  i,i,iil 
tiuvarils  H;-.;!!' n  '  \eri  bi.!,  l;i,-.,l\,  and  iuil  oi'  the 
hram  lies  i.t  the  1.,  I,  in  1  he  mi.l.Ue  ot' u  hi-.-h  isat-.-il, 
uith  tour  ba^lll.lll^,  ih.ii  eoii-iin.inils  a  l.iii;^  dil.i.',  ....r 
eaulew.iv,  with  li-  ■.  ril  >  nls  in  it,  over  whi.  ir.ire  liiiii;-.- . 
On  ih.e.ither  li.ie  .1  ilie  toun,  11  iniies  trom  it,  ll"  ui 
tiie  ni'.'ii  ul'.ri  ..t  Ci  llerzvViii,  Lliariiiinj;i\'  liir.atev!, 
ulii.  h  is  n  >i\  a  I -'nil '..rible  liiroii'j;li,  .1  jonied  wini 
mail',  line  i'.ii'd,-iv,  and  a  ha.ndt'.-nie  ei:ir,eli.  Tie  i'. 
tii.-  pl.iee  ulier.-,  in  1757,  ''"-'  e-,iti\\  Ol  i-  11  u.;.  e.i'i- 
elud.'l  li.l'.veen  the  duke  ot'Cu'ii'i-.i'land  .'lul  the  .hike 
dc  Richlieii,  tiiioiu;h  the  mediaiiuii  otci.uiu  Lyiicl, 
the  D.inilh  j;oveiiioi. 

Sthamibeck 


'■(  s' 


A  NF.W,  ROVAI.  AND  AlTHr.NTlC  SYSTF.M  of  I'NIVF.RSAL  c;E(XiR.\I'HY. 


■■    I 


m  ife 


'■>4 

Sc:',inilbcck  i>  alarf^c  \  iil;|j;i.',  which  givc^  tuuno  t>';i 
ditlrict,  and  h.is  a  wo.. lien  inanuKiCtoiy;  Siocl  docstlic 
iamc;  B:\i\lcl  is  a  viUagc,  uhtic  the  nobility  hold  a 
mi-cf.iig  t\WLf  a  year;  and  NaLnualdc  is  a  village, 
w'liCM.  thcic  l^  a  loiaidation  toi  a:i  abbel's  and  i  .•  I'thei 
laJic't. 

The  ii:ii!'iwick  otWildabaiili-i',  on  ihe  Hcintc,  h's 
bui  a  %'t.v  uidiiicrcnt  loil.  In  i  ;o?  the  crown  ot  Sue- 
elin  niortgagetl  chis  lailiwAk.  to  the  e!e:tor,ii  iioule  oi 
Biu'itwic  Lun.T.lHUf;;  .uul,  la  17.:^,  at  the  {le.ue  ot 
Snvl'.hol'.i,  n'.J.do  over  all  rij^ht  and  daini  th.reto,  as 
vdl  .is  to  BrtMiea  :'.:id  Verden.  Tiic  only  pl.Ke  w.;iili 
uicnti'iiing  in  this  liailiwick  is  the  town  ot  \\  ildelliau- 
I'eii,  t.  Jill  whii-h.  the  whoL'  receives  its  name.  Ii  is 
lltiM'.ed  on  the  1  lenue,  c^'iitains  about  ;o?  lUvcllini; 
hou'iCb,  a  tew  churches,  and  tome  .  iher  |uil>lic  budd- 
iivj^s.  About  halt'tht  inuaiiit  mis  are  Roman  Catiiolits, 
^■. lio  are  not  allowed  the  ii.e  ot'b.lls,  tluiuli  iiuilie,  1  r 
proe.iiioi'.^ :  n.i.u.  i'.'l\  j^rmtteil  tn  be  baini/ed, 
manied,  or  bLui.-d  i  \  ih.eii  owm  piiviU,  biM  mull  have 
thotc  ceremonies  performed  bv  a  l^iiiheran  miiailei. 
H-iv  arc  llill  to  be  le  n  tlie  villigc^oi  an  ancient 
abbey,  and  the  n.in^  o*  ati    Id  lal!'.. 

fii.'  piinajiality  it  Li'nen' ;;e:;o  /r.i.L  is  bounded, 
0:1  the  north,  bs  ihedo.hv  >  t  L.aweiiburg,  or  Lm  :i- 
bun:,  and  th.  Kll.e,  on  the  I'.mih  by  Calenbiiii',,  11  I- 
I'clhvini,  antl  11. t  ot  I'lroatwic;  on  the  call  by  aiioil'.ei 
part  ot'  Bi'.inhvii ,  x.\d  the  d,ich\  oi  Me.  klealiurs' ; 
..lid  10  the  well  bv  i'leaien,  Verden,  and  iloy.i.  in 
m.nv.  parts  tlu  l-.'il  i  i.iady,  iKathv,  and  marlliy.  The 
binV.v  ot  the  Kr,>e,  Aii.i.  an  1  Jet/e,  are,  howevi  1 , 
iert:'.'.-,  and  al'.o.inil  la  iiiaia,  roots,  tiees,  and  trui!  ol 
var'.  u^  kind'-. 

i  lere  aic  hkvv.ile  plenty  ot  raiile,  bee-,  veii,  on, 
i'a't-lpriag%  an!  liine-lioae.  Th.-  rivus  lib.-,  Aller, 
and  lipienau,  pr'da.e  great  (luantiii.s  oi  tiih  :  .  lul  b. - 
inj,  ad  iiavigibL,  are  ot  1^1,  at  atbaata^e  lo  ;he  .  oun 
ii\  la  a  cemineieiai  poHiL  .it  v;iw.  '1,  e\ih  lepriiui- 
pal. ry  contain  ai)  ut  ..jo  Lui  i:eran  t  huiches,  whish 
ai.-  under  tlie  d.ici'i.on  ot  two  g.n.rais,  and  1;  liiboi- 
oin.iic  lujieiintiacai' •.  The  in,iniitachire~  aie  linen, 
nbb.'ii  ,  Ii '.",  bh.i.  bed  w.ix,  gold  u  lies,  lilv.rdi'to, 
rottoa  ,  Ito.kmiis,  il.us  h,  r  liiied  liavus,  wi..d  a 
'.'..11..S.  Iriig'.  read}  bi.ilt,  with  boats  and  loiiu  lm. ill 
Ihij.'. 

Ol   .iLcu'-'-t    it  this  priiKij-iality  th    kini;  (d  ( ir,  at 

Biita.a  has  a  t'.  .It  ..::d  voue,  liL/ihiaine  i  :|le^!  01  the 

pim.es  o!  the  iinpae,  and  ih.c  en.  leot  J  ,  )we;  "  ixoav. 

riK  I.  vena,  sarileirom  the  dcni.ln'  -.  tolls.  >ii  ihc-  l'.|!,>t.-, 

ccintri'.   a    'li^,  d  ilie-   on  ^.itii. ,  b.e:,   w;:i  ,  br.iadv, 

and  ori'.t    tommod.lie'- ;  .md   the  piaieipal  plac.  s  .u  . 

th,   t  illc/v.  laa: 
o 

l-encn   iirj,   tjie  m.tropo!,^  ni  th.   pi  iHipiHtv,   i    a 
large  vity,   'au.it.  d  .  n  ih     n\\r    l.l.iai;,  01    lla,  .lai:, 
wim  I    IS  1,  .MfMbhTrani  hence  t.)   t!i.'    hllie.      Ii  is.;; 
in. its  li.jiii  .  i.imiuan,  ...1^1  (,,■;  ipjiu  Il.iiun^  i.      Ii   w 
forn.erly  aa  1  !.ir,s  Iowa,    ;.:;d.    aa  I '.pei  lal  e  ;v.      The  i 
i;ame  h  e  b.ind.uv.d  i,y  lorn,  tr.iai  i.iaa,  ilieaa  leiit  j 
'anu- .rtl-.-.  llmenaii;  ar.  1   Iv  uti:  l^    Iomii  l.aa.i,thel 
i'.i..iMa,  .la  i!r,a,'eot  whiih  was  woilliij  p.-d  I  '  ^e,  b.  tin   ' 
iaii!i"t.ai:s,  in  .ae  tnae    ot  I'ag.inilai.      IKiev.  islor- 
t-ii;b.  iwV.r.l   c  Hiv  ats,  no:  n:   the  ;,  v.iiiRs  i;|  na.  ot  1 
v.hi..h,   the  Bia  daJtir.e,  an  aca.kau  lor  m.ii'i.il  '  s.i-  \ 
.-.■.ts  w.t.  a.i.i,.hj.i,    '-\l'xi\-  the  \.,ulh  ..;   t'.e,.;   ii    i,.di!\    \ 
are  taoid.t,  g:.tti.,    d.ineili;',    leiu  lag,  tld,iii;;,   .ail   the  { 
Iteiica  l.i.igti,i<:e.  "  | 

<  )a.  1.;  il;c  l,i!i;e  lev.'niie.  a  L.atia  U  liool,  .  oiaiiling  I 
>•''  I'J-i  uai".  ,  wa  hkewiie  toon 'ed,  aii  I  will  en-  j 
dowed.  Tl,elipeiint  ndeney  ot  tli  le,  avi  li.eill.ic 
appMpiiated  '0  then  lapp.^ii,  .a,  nvei.rd  in  a  l.iiid- 
l.h.'*'  di":.-'oi,  an  i  .111  aalHite!,  wl|..]  me  bmh  leleil''d 
J;om  the  L.ua:  lU.ii'j,  a.jbili; , .  'I'l,.  inll  ..I  ih,|j  nlti- 
eeib  IS  th.  he.id  ot  I  le  llaie.  (,t  ill  piiai  li^ditv,  and 
tiic  prel.deiit  ot  tiie  j  luvim  i.d  ojlh^r.  1  le  allailRs 
thcitleot  .  \<.elleiKy,aad  la  pal  ihc  .vi'iiin.rs  iliks  him- 
;cll,  By  lie  ^ruce  tf  G.i,  Lmuli^kift  Ihrc.t.r,  ami 
L.rd  i-t  the  Miinjton  oj  St.  M:cl..ul  11  i.wicd'u,  ^.  1  he 
{'.i^lu:  cdilie.S  arcthlee  pai  ilh  tliuiches,  ilaec  l.olpi- 


tals,  a  I'alt  maga;:'ne,  an  anatomical  theatre,  the  duca! 
palace,  the  lown-hnule,  the  academy,  the  liarracks  tor 
the  g;'.rrilon,  and  ihcionvi  iii:i  a!  churchol  St.  Michael, 
in  which  the  aiuient  dukes  he  interrid,  and  where  the 
icle  rated  t.ille,  tak.ntroai  the  Saracens  b\  th.c  cm- 
[le.or  Otho,  i,  depolued.  ll  15  eight  feet  long,  and 
t  lar  bro.id,  uas  |iii'.t.d  ovtr  with  chafed  gold,  and 
h.'d  a  rim  richU  enibellif-n  d  with  precious  Uone~  ct 
im:aeale  \alii.  ;  Ini!,  m  1  •  .iS,  a  ;;.ing  of  robbers  broke 
laio  the  I  huiih,  anu  llnp.pea  tia  in.ignificent  table  oi 
I  i.iri^e  di.uiioni!,  ill,  emei.ddis  .ii.d  labie--,  ami  nie.lt 
(tlhe!!,o!d.  1  I  ere  are  iiianv  rich  lalt-fpriii!.'-,  a  titth 
III  the  product  ot  which  belongs  to  the  kiiii'  ot  (jrenr 
Briialn.  'Ihe  lalt  is  tiie  bid  in  (Jerm.mv.  Theotiur 
.irlick"-  inwliiih  the  lonaaercal  part  ol' 'tie  inhab:- 
tanis  deal,  ,ire  wool,  lionev,  wa\,  L.^.e-llone,  lla\, 
hilt)',  beer,  J>ce.  and  warelu  iit'es  are  ertiUil  .'.lo.ic-  the 
bo|■llLr^  Ml  the  llaunaii,  tor  the  reception  ot  gooils 
tiom  .ill  p.irt^  ol  (  krai.mv ,  to  be  t'orwarded  to  1  lani- 
inirt^  and  i^ub  i. 

Ahlden,  on  the  (V.d  Li  ine,  has  a  pal.ice,  in  wliiili 
S  plr  I  D  roihea,  Cuiiloit  of  his  Bruann  e  m.i'elly 
(iioigti.  ;■.  i;  led  alter  their  I'epaiaiion  till  -.cr  deaili, 
in  1 ;.:'-.  It  1  the  u.it  '.A  ,1  bailiwick,  ;ir.d  has  :i  great 
iiade  in  h(>ii..s  m.-.i  tiii.lii  r. 

rit/.i:,  a  I  lapict  town,  at  the  Conliiix  it  tl'.e 
W'lp.i,  and  iwo  otiier  riv.  let:,  wlach  form  the  r;vei 
lla.eaaii,  vva^  iormcrly  tailed  LawenwaKt,  i.  e.  Lirti 
la.ivll,  ,aid  had  its  prei'tn:  name  iromthe  neij,hbour- 
ing  n,oaallir\  of  Oldeniladt,  fornierl)  ta'kd  (.)kl  L'l- 
!in,  It  r-  'aid,  thut  the  tiril  Knglilli  Saxons  came  to 
Britain  from  tlii^  pl.ue;  and  that  th.ote  who  ietuni:d, 
hang  ap  a  tai  gilt  llnp  in  the  niarke:-;>laec,  ;-  a  m.- 
iii'.ri.il  1)1  il  til'  aicci ,',  whieli  lonliiui.d  ir.erctid  nu", 
Winn  nii.lt  ot  tie  toun  u, is  burnt  do'.'.ii,  ,u  .1  "iwr 
v^liody  r.  bud!  :  bat  the  ibectsaie  larger,  and  the  honks 
aio.e  Iplendid  .md  regal. a,  thanbeloie. 

Lit  I,  on  t'.e  All.r,  givts  ii..mv  t..  aodlriei,  wiurein 
ihe  iieble  t„.ialy  ol  Botlimar  li.ive  thne  manois  ;i:ui  a 
villa.',e,trom  whah  they  t.tke  their  name,  with  a  church 
ot   th  a-  o'..;:,   t  .  wiiu  h  tiuy  ..ppoint  a  min.iler. 

S  .t.a,  ..i  tie  confiii.\  ot  the  .'^oltui.iad  F.olane, 
givi-  n.inv.  to  .1  b:\ihw;ck,  which  aboiiads  with  \v.<  d, 
and  ii^r.taii.'  manat.ietori-.  ■.  oiAair.  .is,  philli,  lindkv- 
woohev,  w-K'Hea  cklhs,   lai/e,   iliili'-,  .'■.c. 

1  lit.'.ackir  r  .1  lai.di  lov.nin  ;i  htlle  ifland  in  ihc 
Jet/e.  1  hi  talUe  v.  is  h.iiu.  1  lv  the  relideace  ol  lonie 
ot  ihe  duki'.  Id.  re  is  a  great  annu.d  t.ar;  ,aid  the 
l\ahw;ck  towlacli  the  ioww  gives  name,  coiit.iins  the 
1.  rel;  ot  Cjhoriie,  v.IjaIi  1  a!  init  ic  miL--  in  compals; 
t  aioaii  Is  with  .1  k-'.d  >  t  te.u'ered  uaine,  lUer,  wild 
b'.ir:,<\c.  .aid  o:i  us  eat*  iide  ll..iids  airv.d  h.ii!na:g 
ii.it. 

'/.ell  i-  leat.d  or.  -i  laady  pi. in,  ne.u  the  c<.:a'li;X  .  t 
ih"  .Ad.r  atiil  I'l  lal.'.e,  is  mil.  s  n,T;h  of  I  !..:.ovi '■, 
.aid  .).;!oui..  ■>:  li.itia':.  The  town  i  ..i:eii -a,  'v..\::y 
.ichal.r,  d.i'i.l  111  i.:o;,,  w  hi  rein  it  i-  call,  d  T  ell  .K 
cor.albi.t  tare  I'll. IS,  tl'..i!  ran  p;.iaik  I,  isw\.  loiii- 
li  d,  iIk-  laap.i;;-  bei-.'j  l^roid  and  lagh,  an.'  wed 
iiioa'iivd  wall  i.ia'iiMi,  but  ao;  iiL'ulir.  1  leri  .i.-.  h.ld 
tiie  ci.ei  I'.a;!-  ••.  aidic.ltii't  '.a  the  dauhy  ;  ami.  in 
I4')s,  .;s  ila!.--  (1  l.iii;  )  1  vmIi  .1  j  ilaie  ni.a  th.U  c.-.Ted 
th'  1  l.ai' .Vi  1  (late.  wiaili  is  .1  lip.Mle  1  aiMiag,  .lilli 
toar  [datloiiiis  at  ilie  loarcomeis,  moate.l  louad.  .Se- 
veral lo.ii  he^  inav  go  in  tront  on  tlie  'eria.e  oiund  ihe 
t'.wti,  whuh  !■.  :u!oi;ucl  with  trees  [daated  all  .ilong  ; 
and  the  adjacmt  an,  garden-,  loii.ads,  and  li  i  tos, 
t-i:ai  a  vti  V  ,ij,ie(  a  le  latull.api.  Theic  1  at  oiu: 
cliuo  h  in  tiie  town,  and  that  wilhoat  a  lleeple.  '1  he 
hi  I  111  h  lea.g.  e^  have  then  cle.ach  in  die  lubuil  s,  .vhiili 
lie  veiy  lui.'.e.  i  f  i\  are  liill  ni.inv  I  len:  h  C.i.lioli, ', 
,is  w  11  as  I'lotelhini-,  and  lac  Iomu  1  h.ive  a  ch,ipil. 
/\il  the  building  are  ol  tiadn-i,  (  .,  epi  llie  il'iiuh,'-, 
llieiallle,  an.i  the  lioiile  ol  loi  a  .  i  1,11,  which  aie  ol 
buck.  The  elector  has . I  regeacv  here,  wiiicli  iiidges 
all  ciiiles  without  any  appe,il,  I  ui  to  ihei  ouiiiil  ot  I'  ,tc 
aiHan.ser.  Betwixt  this  low  1  aal  1  i.rbiag  il  is  a 
taiidy   load,  wiiii  lcai..e  any   ll,ia^    bat  licuh.     l"lic 

poil-ft',-is. 


to    i;rea'    d 


OGRArHV. 

cal  thiatrc,  tlu'  diica! 

k-mv,  the  barracks  ior 

lurcliol  Sr.  Mich.iL'l, 

ciritl,  and  wliirc  tl\c 

S.irncenj   l)\  the  cm- 

cicht  fc'tt  1(1112,  nml 

ill    ilialfii   gold,  .1111  i 

;tli  jnvi.  ii.ii^   tlor.t-  ct 

uii-ij;  ot'nilihtTs  hrokc 

inaL!nifin.Tit  tadlt-  ui 

II. d  luhit^,  ami   m.-,it 

li   lalt-IJTuiL'-,  a  null 

Ai  th.'   r.ini'  <it  (j'li'nt 

i(-r!;i.!n\.     Tlicotiur 

il  p.'.ii   ut  rhi'  mliaiii- 

a\,    !iii;i.--iioiK',    (ia\, 

arc  crcL^U-d  .do.ig   tin- 

I.'   R-ct'ctioii   <i;  iiooils 

forwarded  to  l  lani- 

i;'.".  a  ]-.a!a(L',  in  wlmli 
lis  Bri:ariii-  r.ii'.  l!y 
ai.'.;io.".  liii  '.tr  dculi, 
wick,  ar.d  lias  a  f^rtat 

tiic  Ci;n!':ux  c  t  il-.;- 
uliich  II  r;r.  l!ic  r;vti 
awiTiwalit,  1. 1-.  Liid 
;  irinii  I  lie  ru'i^liboiu- 
rm>rl\  ta'lul  Old  I'l- 
iil;lli  S.woiis  laiiic  to 
I  tl'.Ot.'  wlio  R'tuni:  d, 
irkci-jilacc,  ;■■•  a  ii;.- 
tiiuiL-d  li'.crctnl  I  (M'>, 
iriii  do'.Mi,  .'.I'll  <\\  .r 
ari;ci',  .;r,d  ilic  licuii-s 
he  .'on-. 

1'.  ad.llru'i,  win  rein 
e  thru'  maiio's  and  a 
r  naiin','.\itii  acliuali 
oiiu  a  iiiinalcr. 
L   .Sell  ui  .;:,d    !vi!uiu-, 

I  a!'OLiij(;>  uul;  \v.>  d, 
111',. IS,  pliilli,  !i;uiL\- 
rtiiH'-,  \c. 

a  !:ti!c  ili.uvl  in  ihc 
the  itliiicnci'  I'l  loiiu- 
.iiiniial  t.ur;  .md  ihc 
.',-.  iiani'.',  com.iins  till- 
I''  link--  i;i  (■'•aiipal'. : 
rid  L'.anif,  ili  cr,  w  ild 
..nd-  a  irv.d  !'.ii!M!!'.j^ 

ni'.ir  ihi-  C(.::l'.i:x  >  I 
,.s  11,  rdi  i.f  l!..:,ov..-. 
.un  I    ,.i.i  i.  •■;,  '[-.A  .;•.' 

II  It  I-  calkd  '1'  .  I  .  Il 
l)..iaik  1,  is  w. .  In:  !i  • 
and    liipii,    a:..'   ueil 

.■nlir.  Hvri  ..•.  i..ld 
i!i:'   lUu  i.y  ;  .ird,  in 

iLuc  lU.il  tli.ll  c.'.l'id 
il'.MN'    1  l!l!dlllj;,     .lilll 

,  inoatf.i  liiiiml.  ,Si-- 
tlie  ■Ilia,'.  Hii.ncl  ilic 
Ls  I'jlanli-ii  .lli  aloiij;  i 
ii  hards,  aiut  -x  r  to^, 
.  'riiiii.  I  1. 1  ijiu: 
iluiut  a  liicplf.  l  liL- 
I  in  .lie  luliuil  •-,  .\liiili 
in\  I  lev.  h  Ca.holi,  -, 
II III  I    li.ivc  a  ili.i|H  k 

t   ^'  I'lll    lllf    I  I'Ull  II.  ^, 

I  i  I'ai,  wliiih  arc  ul 
v  licic,   wiiitli  |iii.L;ci 

lO  die  I  lUliK  ii  111  i'  .tc 

M.\  1  l/.rbr.;u;  ii    is   a 

iij.;   Liii  heath.     The 

Pu[ldt;,-i-. 


EUROPE.] 


c,  V.  R  M  A  N      E  M  r  I  R  E. 


?4.5 


pon-lla;.>,c5,  which  are  of  four  m;le<,  arc  \cry  ill  I'erve  i, 
and  ilu  imis  the  wiril  in  (iermain .  'I'lMirdi  there  is 
iinu  h  lie-.ili  heti\i.\i  this  to.vn  and  H.iiiDvcr,  yet  the 
KHiniiv  !■  "i  II  eiiltivateii;  for  the  iiiliabitarits  iioi  mily 
nvikc  lint  oi  the  heath  lor  fuel,  but  it  alliilervcs  tor 
palhii.ige  and  manure.  There  is  a  trade  from  heme 
to  Hreiiien,  by  ih.'  river  Aller. 

In  the  nei^hinnirliood  ot  this  town  there  is  the  cafllc 
ol  Allien,  wlieie  the  !lcirc^^  of  Luiunburg-Zell,  who 
w.is  nianied  to  the  late  elector,  and  atterwards  di- 
vnried,  died,  after  ;o  year-  telidcncc.  Ii  uas  rather  a 
Viihiniary  rciiiiihcii,  than  i onlinemcnt ;  as  llie  had 
ilic  hel!  ot  iit.iiy,  anil  lu'l  libcri\  togoujiither  I'.e 
pLaled.  I  Lie  ilKi  Mk  !ale  queen  of  Dnmark  re- 
iireil.  at'tci  th  ■  leveie  iieatnient  llie  met  with  as  belore- 
liieiiii'Mud. 

During  the  «ar  in  the  \ear  17^7,  a  nvill  barbarous 
and  inhuman  tranliict  ion  reduced  the  inhabitants  of  /  11 
to  'jreai  dulrels;  for  the  duke  ot  Riehlicii  ordered 
not  only  the  luburlr-  oi  Zell  to  be  luirnt,  biit  even  the 
iiiph.in-liout'e,  which  contained  a  (;reai  number  of 
ciiiklien,  to  be  let  lire  to,  when  the  uhole  "as  ixduced 
loathes,  tMi;eiher  wiih  the  pour  innocent  int.uits.  An 
inliaiue  o!  cruelty  iVa'ccly  to  be  pandk  lied  in  hilVor\  ! 
Haulewic,  on  the  F -like,  tour  miles  Irom  l.,iineiiburg, 
lhoii;.^li  now  only  a  l!raj:<;lin|.',  vilki'.'.e,  u.is  tnrmerly  a 
llrone,  populous ciiy.  It  h,id  nine  iluiichis,  ot  which 
only  llie  laihcdral  is  left,  wherein  there  is  llill  a  college 
ot  ei^h.t  rclulenti.iry  canons,  and  a  few  vicars:  but  tin 
bithopi  ic  w.i-  ir.iiistcired  to  Verd  n;  and  tiie  ihUrici 
al'o'.ii  the  c'.ii;  h  irandnrmeil  into  kitehen  gaidcns. 
Oicrtiie  (Mil-  ilu'ie  are  time  I Kirbarous  L mil  \ cries, 
in  an  ^ild  ( i otluc  ii:;'.i  icier,  which  lliew  tint  the  town 
wa-,  buili  1;:  vears  before  Rome,  .iii'l  d  droyed  by 
H.  nr\  ti'e  I  ,ior,  in  1  i.ii,.  Thev  wrii",  that  he  took 
this  ieiei'iv  on  ilie  liiy  b.caule  it  ctulcd  to  acknow- 
ledge liini,alt-i  I'.c  wa  pio:cri''ed  i>y  tliecmpeior  Fre- 
dellik  I. 

Daiiiiebeu^  llands  in  the  moll  ciflcrn  pan  ot  tlii'- 
duc!i\,  on  liic  liVer  Jet/.e,  li\.  miles  from  its  inllux  into 
tliel'.lbe,  and  .•? ;  fnith-eall  ot  I  .iinciibii/;.!.  It  is  ihe 
cliiet  town  ot  the  riih  and  iruitlul  couiiiy  ol  tliis  name, 
which  was  jiiven  by  us  eouril,  in  1402,  to  Oliio,  duke 
of  Uriinlwic-WoltcnlHitile,  and  \ieldcd  by  the  latter  to 
tlie  lioufe  of  LuneiilHiri»-Zelk  'Ihe  ( ieinians  write 
it  D.uiiit'il.urg,  confident  with  the  etyiiHilo'j.y  ot  its 
name,  wiiii  ii  iit:nilics  a  M"uni:iin  of  I'ir'-trccs.  This 
ci'Uiav  li.^  .tlong  il'.e  f.lbe,  h.ivir.f^  '\!  i  k!  nburg  on 
the  iinrth,  the  niarquit'ile  of  Hi- '.ndeiiiuiL',  on  the  call 
an  1  lout'i,  anil  ili.  duchy  of  i  .11:  enburi.',  on  the  well. 

Sii.iikanbiuij;,  i  a  l.irgc  tradiii",  to,,ii,  .it  the  coiillu.x 
cf  llie  Elbe  and  ihc  Weekt,  or  Hclii.'. 

Haibuij.,  on  liic  Seeve,  ;o  niilei 'leni  /ell,  is  a 
ir.idiiv  t  v. n,  with  .1  good  haibwur.  Ii  i--  well  lortitied, 
popii' HI-,  'as.icatUe,  earnlon,  .■.iniouiy,  maga/.ine, 
and  b.niaeK-. 

Lame  1  a  vill.ige  with  a  L.tniieran  convent,  and  .1 
niedicin.il  t'priii'.;.  Medhigcn,  on  llie  llmenau,  ha- 
likiwile  a  Luihcran  con'.cni,  winch  w.e,  tormerly  .1 
Ciltertian  mon.itierv. 

\\  inleii-aii  ill  r-Lukc  i-  a  city  on  the  Eukc,  over 
wliiih  it  has  two  11  llie  biiili!,cs.  Iteonlains  al  .nlhei.iii 
abbi ) ,  lulu  .1  vol.  e  and  \'  al  in  the  dieis,  is  a  gie.it  tho- 
rough are,  .iiul  give-  n.iM  e  10  a  bailiuiik. 

Ebllorl  i^at'iwii  pk.ilaiitK  litiiat  d,  and  containiiig 
a  convent,  winch  w.is  toriiierK  a  I{..nedK'tinc  nuiini  ry  ; 
but  i.iiililt-  now  ol  a  l^utherun  abe.els,  a  priorcts,  and 
14  '  ill  I  laili  s.  'Ihe  leiigi.ais  rcilricti  ins  here  aic 
noi  \iivgic.ii;  bu:  lovciM'ilh  tills  iheconveni,  as 
il  IS  lelebi.Hiil  lor  In  im  the  litre. ti  ol  l.ulies  who  h.ivc 
been  ilil.ip|ioiiUe  1  milieir  atl'eCtions;  .\ni.\  u  is  tuppoud  ' 
that  lomc  01  ilie  lie.uiiiliil  leihile-  liaxe,  with  the  J-', in 
Pcinlcni,  l.u  I, 


Oil'   lliut  me  III  aeloitler;  ihcre,  will  plcas'il, 
Rehj.',iou-.  hardthiiis  I  will  leaiii  to  b-ai  : 
Tu  tall  and  Ini/ie  at  muliiiglu  hours  ol  piay'i. 
No.  OS. 


Nor  iliink  a  hard  within  a  lonely  cell, 

With  melancholy,  IpeeehLf  faints  to  dwell; 

LJul  blet    the  d:i\   i  totliai  refu;'e  ran, 

iMcefruiu  them.iiTiagc-cli.iin,and  Ironuliaf  tyrant  man! 

Wienhauten  is  a  village  on  the  Aller,  wii.li  a  I.,ii- 
ther.ui  convent,  confilUng  nf  an  alil'.et's,  a  priorefs,  and 
2  ;  other  ladie>. 

Itenhageii,  on  the  lie,  contains  alio  a  Lutheran  con- 
vent ;  but  the  nuns  here,  contrary  to  the  other  inlVitu- 
tions,  max  be  "i  pleb.  lan  e:;'ra"ti'n. 

Waliitodc,  I.  e.  VValo'sCml  ,  wii  the  river  I'olune, 
25  links  north-well  of  ZcU,  and  40  liauhweft  of  Lu- 
nenburg, IS  noi  t.ir  from  the  cuitines  o!  llie  duch)  of 
Vkrdcn.  Il  w.a-  at  lirtlonlya  mon.fUry,  built  \>\  one 
W.ilo,  but  is  now  a  Lutheran  convent,  contilliiii;  ot 
an  ai'bey,  a  prioret-,  and  nine  other  ladies.  It  is  like- 
wile  the  leal  of  a  bailiwick  and  tupcriniendancy. 

Some  parts  of  the  I'rineipality  ot  (iRcnuMiAoiiN 
are  vi  ry  teriile,  iiroducing  variety  of  grain,  pulfe,  mar- 
ble, and  mineral;  the  mine- and  quarries  being  chielly 
in  the  mount.uii  ami  loivll  called  1  he  H  ;ri  ,•,  The  rivers 
are  the  Liine,  the  (3der,  ami  tlie  Ock.r.  The  tlaiis 
are  comp'ifed  ol  the  .ibbcy  of  St.  Akx.in  ler,  and  that 
i.f  t:.e  Hlelled  Virgin,  at  liinbeik;  tin  noble  pro- 
pri,  lanes  ol  nine  man.;rs;  and  tl:e  ^iti .-  ol  Einlvck 
.md  Olleiode,  ai  whuliihe  diets  are  alterna:ily  held 
i.nce  a  ye.u.  Luiiieranifm  is  the  eilal'lilbed  religion; 
..nd  the  manulaiitures  and  commodiiic-  of  the  country 
.lie  lla.x,  linen,  land-done,  marble,  C'lpjier,  filt,  lul- 
jihur,  /ink,  llareh,  printeil  cottons,  thread,  timlier, 
llaie,  iron,  le.id,  vitriol,  lapis  calaminari-,  powd.rblue, 
woi/llen  goods,  and  lire-.irm-. 

Onaec.'uiii  of  this  principalitv  the  eleclors  have  a 
vote  in  the  college  of  princes,  iioili  in  the  diet  of  the 
enijiirc,  and  in  that  ot  the  circle  ot  Lower  Saxe'ny, 
Tile  lovereign's  revenue-  arife  trom  the  |)roduc,'  of  the 
demeliie-,  and  ol  the  mini-;  and  appeals  lie  trom  the 
coiiits  here  to  the  cliaiKerv  ot  Hanover.  The  pyii:i- 
cip.u  pkices  are  the  tollouing: 

iMiilieik,  ill,  capital  ot  the  priiiiipallty,  is  tittiated 
at  iheionlhix  ot  the  lime  and  the  Lcine,  about  4Z 
miles  from  f  lanovv  r.  Il  is  well  loriilivl  1\  lowers, 
iiulwarks,  r.impans,  a  double  diieh,  an  i  ■  ii:,'.  .rks  ; 
and  turrounded  In  a  tine  c  -11111  r\,  verv  tciiiii,  iMrtii  u- 
larl)  111  Corn,  li  w.is  lor.i.crly  a  ire-  laipeiiai  town, 
.mil  its  magilhat.,-  Iliil  [lollels  lome  valuable  iirivil.ges. 
It  is  largi;  .ui.l  [lopulous,  divided  into  three  parts,  call- 
ed ihe  jvliinller,  the  Newlladt,  ap|  ii'e  \larki  ;  and 
has  a  tolerable  trad.-,  parin  ulai  1;.  in  beer,  woollen 
maiuitactuves,  and  printnl  cothn  .  fornierly  it  was  a 
killiop'slee,  Ihe  cathedral  and.  h.ijiler  of  which  llill  re- 
niaiii.  Tlie  latter  coiiinl-  of  a  Luiiieran  I'enior,  nine 
i.mons,  oiieM.ai,  and  t 'iir  vie  Ms  in  o,dina"v,  who, 
together,  Und  a  if  p..iy  i"  ilu  ^lici.  Ti  .-  revenues  of 
t.:e  aiii  kilt  abl  ey  ol  ilie  Uk  Ue.l  \'ir_in  are  now  enio\ - 
1. 1  ii\  a  leiuor  .iiul  inn.-  can  ,is,  who  li.ive  likewili.  j. 
Hi  leieiii.iive  at  liie  die!  .  A  l.'.rge  diilMJ't  Iv  l,,ngj 
i.  ,  ae.d  I  iiiliKCt  to,  tlie  I'lriki  ei.o.i  of  Ein'-eik, which 
1..1-  a  tow  11  to  caib  .isihew-.u'  '■;'',  .lUil  tormerly 
Coined  golil,  lilvcr,  and  lOjipcr  money. 

W  iliLiran  is  a  mine  t  '.\n,  liirroi.nd^d,  on  all  tides, 
In  kilie,  lu'j.^'.i  d  mounlain- :  f  .luieni'ed  and  Scliiilen- 
b.  rg,  :iie  liii.id  tow  n-,  eoiii.eM  i",  tiiK  king  lioul.'  ;  and 
Ciilertek!  IS  an  open  nunc  loe.i,  n.ili  .1  nnni  h.r  coiii- 
\\\X  moiiev . 

Si.  .Andrealbiiig  I-  amine  lowii,  wiih  a  iii:'.iuil.iclor\ 
ot  powder  blue,  .md  .1  libcrt  -..el; 'iig-luMle :  and  near 
II  .- a  reiervoir,  Irom  vliiice,'"  ..  i  .i  .1,  iv.itr  i  c  n- 
vey.d  10  all  th, mine  V  ik-.  'i'h:'  ■  ■wn  i- '.i' pi  alanib 
litiiatcd,  iliai  a  p.rfo',  wih  a  1  h;l,  I'qiliicid  lUrn  ol 
iiviid,  inighl  reiiu-  liuliM',  aii.',  \>illi  pro['riei\,  e\- 
ikiiiii, 


I  III,   ye  foil  t'l.itsl    \i  riiiipid 


iiv.iiJ  'piiii  '    lii'd  lloo.l-:, 
Ye  llnw'ry  meads,   \e  \.di  .aial  ii.,i/e  wood- 1 
N'e  limpid  lloi'ds,   il.al  ever  mir  .n'rnig  llo.s  ! 
^e  Viidant  iiicids,  while  tlov'.'is  iteriui  hiow  ! 

.>  C  Y. 


i 


I  'i\ 


.'<ti 


J40        A  NEW,  ROYAL  asp  AUTHF.NTIC  SYSTr.M   of  UNlVrRSAI,  fiROnRAl'IIY 


m 


III 


Ye  lh.iJ\  v;iks  wluic  /cphvrs  cvir  plav  ! 

Yf  wood^,  wliL-rc  litiU-  uarl'ki-s  tuiic  lluir  l;n  ' 

Hiic  ^nint  mc,  hc.iv'n,  to  iiul  mv  iic.ui.tul  ^l,l\^, 

And  Itcal  imklt'trum  lite  l>v  How  dei.ivs 

Willi  ;iii;(.',  unknown  to  p:iin  or  I'oriow,  hkd, 

T»  tlK'  dark  grave  retii  insz;  a-  to  rcil ; 

Wli.le  j^i'iuK"  will)  OIK  lit^U  ilii^  mortal  tr.in\c, 

Dill'oUint;,  turns  lo  alhe-,   wIkiki.-  it  lanic; 

A\  liile  niv  ireid  loul  departs  witliout  a  groan, 

And  loytiil  wing-  \m  llii^Ut  lo  world-  unkaowii. 

Altciiau  '■•  a  t'mall  mini.'  t.ns  n,  m  a  v.dlcy.  turround- 
ed  liy  irii;li  nij;i;cd  roiks.  It  contains  a  (ilvi.r  lnietciii;j,- 
hoi;l'c,  the  aqua  ioriis  troni  wliii  h  runs  into  the  nvcr 
Oekci. 

Claulihallisa  lar^e  <  pi-n  mini.'  town,  in  wlni.h  are  a 
iilvcr  InK'hing  houli.'.  and  a  mint.  The  phuc  is  de- 
fended by  a  garrit'on,  .uul  eontams  f.o  ihurchi."-,  .u\ 
orphan-lunile,  a.  graninui-fehool,  iiiinc-oirue,  ami 
a  tori.ll  baili^viek-otrue.  Tlioui;h  t^ie  rell  of  I  he  loiin- 
tr\  is  I'o  pleafant,  theaii'  ot'  tlic  1  Ian.'.  Forelt,  .ilnioll  tin.' 
whole  )ear  round,  r-  to  eold,  and  ra.;i,hail,  fnow ,  loi.■^, 
a:id  llorms  arc  lb  tVciiueni,  that  t.ie  cultivalioii  ot 
iIk  land  eannot  be  purl'ued  with  a  ly  ilegree  ot  lumS. 
The  mountain,  which  pari  ot  the  fo.cll  cover--,  confills 
of  oak^,  alh,  alder,  pine^,  beeth,  alpin,  birch,  ami  fiis. 
Thi-  aii-'azing  plenty  of  wood  i^  ol  tin.'  utmull  impor- 
tance, a-,  witlioul  I'uch  .1  pr. 'luiion  ut  limber,  tin  min- 
ing work--  couM  n.it  be  c.irneil  on.  Th.\i  pan  <l  tlie 
forell  called  Brunlwick-1  ,unenburg-H.ul/.,  isdivi.l-'d 
into  L'pixr  and  l..<'".ver,  asid  .igain  lulxlis  ided  into  muie 
and  forell  Iniilnvick-^,  part  ot  '.vh;ch  belong  to  the  ki;,g 
ot  (ire.vt  Hrnain,  .uid  pan  tothe  prince  ot  Hruntwie. 

Ollerode,  a  t.iwn  tituated  not  tar  trom  iIk  H.ul/.,  i- 
divided  inii.  Old  ami  NtW  I'own.  It  contains  a  l.irgi 
t^ranarx,  three  panlh  churclie^,  and  i  gr.unnuir  Ichool; 
li.i^  .1  main;t.u"tor\  lit  woolU  n  eloih^;  .ind  i^  diteiided 
b\  a  calUe.  mwhiili  I'.vir.il  dukes  ot  H:  unlwick  aiul 
Lunenliiir^  have  tornierlv  retided. 

On  an  eminence  nut  t.ir  Irom  the  above  to'.vn,  lor- 
merlv  ll.jod  the  callle  ot  (irubenhagen,  which,  as  well 
a'- the  |>rini.ip.ilii\  iileif,  took  its  name  trom  the  noble 
tami!\  ot  (ir'aben,  every  br.inch  ot  which  !•,  now  i.\- 
tiiic't. 

Siixder  Melclui,  on  the  Lein'.',  contain-  l"i>me  l.ili 
w  :k-,  .1-  i!o^  the  im.ill  neighbiiunng  vill.'ige  ol  Sal- 
beck,  which  1-  ro'vi.inik.il!\  liiuaivd,  ,nid  Uurouni.lei.1 
L>.  a  \e!\  plealaiit  ci.a!nir\  : 

\\'!..;e  or,  ll'.e  ireesl'Aeet  holleyluckle-  blo-,\ , 
A:id  ruilib  iL'ti^iv-  p..iiu  the  ground  bele.',  ; 
Whe'.e  till  llirill  linnet  chariir  the  liilemn  lliade, 
And  /e]ih\  r'- p.mt  .ilong  the  CMolei  glade; 
Or  lli.'ike  the  i'ull-niHi  bv  .i  nvir-lide, 
While   the  ga\  lull  lu.i.ii-  Ipaikli  on  llu   lide. 
dii'    fur  I'me  grot,  whole  rullic  luK"^  dei  Lire 
1   ill,  .Hid  ii' 't  ipleiidor,  WM^  iheluiiUKr'   i  ii,  ; 
W  lure  lole-  teed  lliC'ir  iinatlcct', '.I  ih.Ullls, 
And  tile  ciili'd  Mile  t.xteiuh  her  chllping  ,uiu  ; 
Where  lia;'p.   lilelice  lull--  the  quiet  I. ml, 
•A'.d  mak      ii  e.ilm  .i>  lumiiier  w.iii  i  ^  lull. 
1  li  le  n;.::i  m  i\  K  un  to  .  hei  k  i.ich  iii'^'-Miii'  ill. 
\:id  ill,]!'  tu  reiliiii  diiolieiiicnt  will; 
To 'V. it i.h  111    .iHolKMenl  bre.ill,   .iiid  liml 
\\\:.i'.  t.iv'rile   p.U.IioIis  rule  the  gidd\   iiiind. 

1  leilniii.'  h  .   .1  c.dlle,   linen  ill  inut.'..-|. 'a  ,  .iiid    iron 

VXolks. 

.S.  li.ii/.M-  ;s  (.l.teiiilid  b\  .ic.illle  lilu.lled  on  i  high 
rock.  Iti'jMun  a  Imall  garrilon,  and  i-  luineiime 
Uted  a'  a  ttale  pMon.  'I'he  callle  gi\i  ii.ime  lo  a 
liailiwiek,  which  1  .)lllaln^  lloiie  ipi.iirus,  iiuii  w.irk-, 
pleiitv  ot  ll.ix,  clia.k-)iit-,  cop]icr  mine',  ,uid  ,i  linen 
inaiu;t.u"lijr\ 

In  llie  nt'ig'ib'iuiliijod  .iri.  line  iiv.rn,  c  died  tiie 
Seiiarztel  Cases,  where  the  ebu  loliile  and  di'-jp-llone 
aie  I'j'jiid. 


.)!     l..>t        yt  I         V      iit'     l.l'V-''tl'      \ll.\'vil>.ill     Ilia 

Lauleiilnirv,  on  the  Oder,  i^afi.f  ot  the  lUiliev  of 
(j^iedliii'ourg;  lia^  mines  o!  co;i])er  and  iron  in  its 
iiei.'Jil'o'.irho.Hl,  ami  i--  iniiabited  by  miners. 

I'dbingerode  IS  a  tinali  town,  whicli  gives  name  to  a 
b.uhwick,  th.ii    abo;inds   in  warm    Ixuh'-,   pine,   tl.Ue, 


Thro'  in.  x'ouiig  wood  how  pleas'd  Sabiniis  flray'd 

Or  tat  de'.uhleil  in  the  tiiuk'ning  llvulei 

With  annual  jovs  the  reit'ning  ilunjis  to  greet. 

Or  Ic;  the  tireteliing  branches  long  to  meet. 

His  ton'-,  tine  tal'le  an  iip'ner  \iii.ilove^; 

L'oe  to  the  lirvad-.  ot  hi,-.  Ia!hei\  groves; 

One  boundlels  green,  or  tioiirillrd  larpet  vi.ws, 

And  all  the  tadul  family  ot  'lews. 

The  thriving  pl.inl'-  ignoble  broomlliek'  nv.'.de, 

Now  twi  cp  tho'e  aliess  ihiv  were  born  tei  Ihaile. 

Bill  notour  pallions  onlv  dil.igree: 

In  talk  i-  ttiund  as  great  variety. 

Svlvius  isravilb'd  vv hen  he  hears  a  hound; 

lli-l.uU  haliS  to  death  llie  oili'ais  t.uind  : 

\k{  bolh  li'\e  iliUliC,   llui'  Ml  dltferelit  u,i\s  : 

1  1     in  .'.  ki  nnel,  (lie  at  operas. 

A  llorilt  lliall,  jierhap-,  not  grudge  fome  hours. 

To  \  it'.v  the  lolours  in  a  beil  of  ifnver'-; 

Yi  t  llie'.vlinii  TiiianV  workmiiilliip  disine, 

1  le  p.illis  on,  ami  oiilx  eiics,  'tis  iiiie. 

The     priiiii|'.;litv   ol  C'ALr.NiiuRf;   i^    ;i   miles  in 

leiiiitli,  i\ui\  \y  in  breadth.      A  eonlider.ible   part  ot  it 

i--  mountaiiiouv  and  l)arren;  but  other  dillriris  .lie  rii  li 

and  lertile,   and  abound  in  i  orn,   |iuile,  timber,  i.,ttle, 

lib,    and    meduina!   Ipiing-,    llunc^,    minerals,  \c. 

The  rivuk-t--    abi.uiid   with  all   kimN  ot  tiili.     In  the 

priiKipahtv   ale  three    I'l'  teltant  .ibbii^,  .uultixion- 

vcni--,  ot  which  three  are  mhabile*!  bv men,   ami  lix  by 

',voiiu.n.     Lutiieianiliu  is  the  eli.iblitb.ed  riiigon,   but 

Cal'iinilis   ,llld  R.Miiaii   Catholu  ^  .i;e    loler.il,  il.      The 

commo.hlic"-  ai.o  maiiiii.u'  nia  -.ut  ih^  c.ainlrv  .ire  \\^tc\, 

cotton,  tobaiiu,  ll.i\,  l;;k,  iron,  i  "pjic  v,  '^1  ;K,   ii  ilmin^, 

Ipunges,  Ldfe;-.  i"i:ipii',\eie.',  li.ie.i,  la'.il  ,  I  '.ilher,  i^o'.iA 

l.li  e,  liberiiiir  1,  enil.ruidi  rii ',  iloiie  ware-,  >  ii.liels,  6,.c. 

In   ll'.e   '•■.  1!    !-.;-  Tu-  i-'ieni.  h  iwaT-ian    il.i-   pnmi- 

I  palil\..  .ind  di.l  g:e.il  daili.ig.',  lMiiU,:lith  '.   '.V,  ri  In  n 

1  dllji  •lii  Ihd  o!  Il,      'Ihe  pi'  imetor   •  .1    il     i     i:il  ilkd  to 

j  ,i\ule  111  ill   ii'lle;',:  ot  p.ince--   .it  llieilier  oi  ine   en. 

:  p'li ,  .lud  1  h.'i  it  III.  I  iri.il..     'I  o  llu   li.pie.ii  ■  II  lium.il 

|i'l  ll'.:i'i\i|  11  r  imiu.it'.     I'vo  .lilellors,   .md  iw  i  lo  li'i- 

i    li;;';i  11.  Ill  ot.ippe.il.il  /.I'.      The  ia\.Mi  ■  .uili  trM.'ii 

deilKln.  -,  e<i  lie,  a  nil  hi.;;  \   l,l\,tlamp-i!lil>,i  .ud  dill", 

ihil\  .111  C'.ni,  I  aii...  tli'.ep,  m.igi/.ine-,  ;\i..    I  h.  pn:i- 

eipal  pl.icib  ai     li.e  t.ilo.^  ii.g  ; 

I  l.inover,  till  n.c'to  iiioii--,  .ind  teat  ot  lli'-  ek.ii.i,  ,i<. 
It  .ih,\.i'  was  .1  il;e  duki  ,.ill',  ii'u.  i  'iii  .y.i!  oil  In  ir 
eoiiii  hni.er  I;  in  C  ..Lm  ii  ',,  I'n  li.e  ileilli  i.i  (ie.i.L.e 
ill.  I  111  .Ink.  .a  HimhIah  kC'.i'i  iibiir,'.  In.  phataiilK 
tilii.ilrd  111  .1  i,,i.  |\  i.iil,  .  I  the  river  I  ,  ii.  ,  whuli  in 
n.ivi'j^aiil  II.  le  |..r  tiii-ul  b  .  .1  .  Il  1.  o,  links  Imiii... 
well  Imni /ell,  ,'7  li  n.  Ill  unl  „  iek,  .md  f>;  e.;li  il  m 
Loll. lull  II  wi  .iilcieniK  C'lfil  Liwiiiiud.l,  tl'  III  .1 
ll-:"hb  'llin  ',  L  ildi  ,  tub:  !  I  i  T'l  c..liilt-  ol  llL.t  1  : 'i  ; 
111  I  hi.  I  II  .  pi.i.'nl  ii...i'e  n  I  L  ni\  the  I  ,r.n'.  time,  be - 
i.,iiil'./l  iii:ii\  her.';  lliii'Vii,  in  the  old  Saxoiiihi- 
lc.a,  Irjiii;  ii.j',  the  t  I'll  ■  .1  I  L.veov.  r  ill  l''.nglilll.  It 
j.divii-l'  I   by  I'lj  liVe;  in'o  il.v   Nd  and  O.d  To^wis. 

IM  ,ti 


I 


r.RAPIIV. 

iif  lit'  tlu'  ahlirv  of 
]H'r  and   iron   m    its 

•\  inuurs. 

iiith  i;ivc^  namf  Ui  a 
liatli'-,   j>iiK-,   li.ilc, 

s  .1  mill  tor  l.wMiijr 
ul  New  Hullo,  aic 
riiK.iiaruii.iuK  ihi- 
Linpi.ior>  ami  jiriiKis 
to  ivlidi-,  wlkii  liny 
Ik-  ilivorli:  II  el  iLij^- 
\\r,  is  oil  I'm'  dc'c'ir.c 
nuihc  pUA  .iK  ill  al- 
c  (iLrmaii  towicigns 
'11  to  nuilitlaii'^,  ami 
lis :  lo  capiiciou^  aic 
ciuauii''  IS  thai  liiiiu; 


.asM  Sahiniis  llrayM 
uiij  111  ulf; 
iho.Ms  to  <;i\'ct, 
long  Ul  iii'-'tt. 
ilia  lov\" ; 
s  grows; 

illiVl  larptt  vkus, 
.vs. 

ooinlliik'-  iiv.aif, 
;rc  born  ti'  lliailc. 
;i\'i.' : 
\. 

us  a  i'luiiul ; 
li'ais  li.uiiil  : 
ditVcri.iit  ways: 

;rud'j:c  foiiic  liouts, 
ot  lliucr-^; 
i.uilhip  di\  iiic, 
'lis  line. 

;:;uRf;   i--    ^^    miles  in 

iiiniidi'i-.ilik'  part  ot  it 

other  tiid I  iris  .u\  rii  It 

,   |iulU',   timber,  i  ..ttle, 

llolll."-,      niilKl.lls,    (S<'. 

kinds  oi  lull,  in  ihc 
It  .ibbks,  and  li\  eon- 
ed  bv  men,  aiui  lix  by 
laMillicd  lelii^ion,  but 
>  a;'v'  lv>k'i'al.d.  Tiie 
it  t';i^  t'liiiiiiv  are  'A'h'I, 
i"pi^r,  '.il-.i^  iiihions 
le.i,  iiiai  ,  i  ail.cr,  jni'u 
oiR-  ware-,  1  :'.pels,  (\c. 
h  o\  er-.aii  ll.'.-  |'inu  i- 
r'l'iU.jh  ill-'.  .V.  Ik  to  n 
loi  "1  il  !■  Lil/ild  |l> 
at  ihi.'  diei  OI  liie  cli. 
o  ihi  li.pit'.ii  '  liiinin  il 
lli'llor-,  ,ind  I'.v'i  lo  li'i- 
Ihe  lt\:  Ml  ■■  ariK  ll'illl 
iiamp'cUiH  ,1  ai'l  dilP', 
^  i/.iin;-,  i\i .    I  111  liri;.- 

id  lial  ul  ill''  1  li.'!"i,  i'- 
',  [  I'u  I'Mi'  am!  oi  Till  ir 
i^n  li.e  de  nil  I'l  (ie.i.:..i" 
iibnr.'.  Il  1.  plealanib 
■  i'lvei'  I  ■  hi.  ,  uhn.li  i> 
Il  I',  ,''l  miles  liiull." 
,>i(l,,,iiul  ,V\'  ^'■•''  "'  '" 
l|.  d  1  ,i\veii;oda,  Ir-  lu  a 
I'.e  c  niiii--  ul  lii.t  I  :'i  ; 
,1,',  llie  I  a. Ill',  lliuc,  be- 
I,  111  ilk'  old  SlXoll  d.  1- 
vi'-ov.  r  in  I'au'lill).  Ii 
.  \(..i  .uui  0,d  Tiiuiis. 
Mill 


EUROPE. 


(;  ]'•,  R  M  A  N      E  M  P  [  R  E. 


Mill  ol  the  luuil'es  nro  rit"  timber  and  cl.i\ ,  but  there 


are  iii.iiu  i 


'f  brick  and  lion.' 


11 


hroail,  and  well  turnillied  wit 


h  la 


reels  are  regular, 


it 


forliliei 


anil 


Hie  r 


avelin>    before    ll 


niounted  Willi  taniuin. 


II 


ere  was  onec  a  mon; 


.ilarlv 


llle 


at  one  end  of  the 


det'ervc 


Relibursi   is   tl 


leal  ot   a 


747 
hailiAick,  which    yielils 


ds 


grain,  flax,  hops,  oak,   beech 

medicinal  Ijiring;  and  Ricklin?en  is  a  iiaroeliial 


Kc. 


liiice  iiieianvirphoted  mioa  p.ilai.  ■,  at  one 
til\',  near  the  i.impart^,  ilioni!,h   they  tea 
llial  name.      It  has  .i  larsic  Ibauiure  of  free  Hone,  with 
fever.d   t(|uare  courts,   and  a   line   ll.iir-cafe;   but    the 
whole  IS  rarher  cominodioiis  tli.m  maiiiiitieent.     Tins 
is,  however,  adorned   wiih  fine  tapellrx  and  paintinj;  , 
and  vtrv  riihlv  tnriiillied.      Mere  i-  a  caliinet  ui  curio- 
lilies,   w.lhaiioble  iolleition  of  medals,  ancienl    and 
ni'vlern;  and  a   very  tine  eliajiel.     When  the  court  is 
here,  theie  are  frequent  concerts,  ball-;,  and  aflemblies ; 
and  a  I'leneh  loiuedv  iiled  to  beacfed  ihree  times  a 
\ve?k,  ai  a  theatre  in  the  |)al.ue,  where  all  people  were 
adii.iiicd   ij.ratis,    the  e.\ pence  being  deiraved  by  the 
ele't.ir,      i  !crc   is  alio  an  opera-houle,  vilited   by  all 
toiei>.,iiei  .     The  mull  ir-.i.akalile  ol   the  churches  are 
Si.  James's,  iiiwhiih  there  ,tre  twocrucilixis,  with  line 
pictui-.-  ol  the  apotlles,  and   man\    tl'.lIll^;   though  ihe 
Luilurans   pay  no   ailoraiion  to  them.     Thai  of  the 
Holv  Crols  is  rr.'-vA:  liner  and  neaierihun  the  other,  hav- 
ing .1  doi  ble  row  ot  galleries  round  ii   trom  the  ali.ir; 
ami,  upOii  the  iirtl,  the  hillor\  ot  the  '/'olpel,  in  ; ;  parts, 
painted  b\  the  abl.ll  millers.     Betid.. s  ihele,  there  are 
Si.  (ieor'\c's  and  Si.  (iiles's  cliui.hcs.     Heie  arc  tui.r 
fairs  a  yen,   niui.  h    treenienied   b'   loreigners.      It  was 
o.ue  a  free  Imperial  iit\,  e.nd  a-  I  l.uis  Town,  when  il 
li.ui  a  llourilhing  .   immerce;   but  iischiettr.ii.le  now  is 
in    ili.it    Iweet,    i  m    mudeh    liqiMr,  calKil    Brewh:;n, 
uhicii  li.e'.  lend  in  great  ciuantiiics  lo  llic  neighbouring 
towns  .ukl  'iUages.     This  liquor  had  its  name  from  a 
laiii'ius  bre.ver,  one  Cmirade   Brewiian,  ollhis  iieiL!,li- 
liouihood,  who,  having  leivcd   hi^  time  al    Hamburg, 
came  .ind  let  up  here  iii  i  ^26.     I'he  Roman  C.ithohc 
iliiirth    I'.eie  was  granted  to  th'ile  of  ihu  commiiniHi 
|i;   Eriull,  tlie  liill  elecinr,  as    one  of  tiie   condin  nis 
(Icmaiuied  by  the  einperor  i.,co])old,  wlio  iiivcfleil  liiiii, 
and  alio  engaged   liim  10  admit  of   an  apullolie.il  \  ii  .'.r 
in  his  li'imiiiions,  and  to  permit  hiinioretide.it  1 1  in- 
over.     Tliei'c     is   a  conii  lei'alile  number  ot    Roniaii 
Caih'.lics:   bul    the  nobilitv  and  i.'cntr\- are  almoll  all 
Luther  ins.     The  [irincets  -Sophia  cauied  a  new  chin  eh 
lo  be  built  here  tor  the  hrencli  reluirees,   lo  wiiieii  our 
kiiig   \\  lli..m   III.  w.is  all.i  a  Ixneiactor.     Bclidcs  a 
li'iiti  t.ir  oiplians,  there  isoiie  hulpital  within  the  town, 
.Tiid   .liiollicr    wiiliOiil.     Tins   city    Iku  aequireil    new 
lullre    liiue    ihe   ateerfion  01    the  lilulliious   houle  ot 
ll.iiiiver  10  iiie  el'.etor.il  cn'.le  ;e  111  th,-  il.eiof  tlie  em- 
pire; but  111  ire  cli>eciail\  tinicit    adi.in.vemetii  to  the 
thr  ne  .if  Gre.it  Brilaui;   and  i.  oi  piiiieiil.ir   note  lor 
the  t.nn  ii;s  ir('at\  c.)iitliiJ..d  lieie  iii  1  ;ii,  to  eounier- 
bal'ii.e  i.i.it  of  N'ienni. 

In  t''e  lii,  ii.m-  .ae  lecer.il  rui  il  'eits,  iiariiml  lily 
on.  1  •.!.!  I  ihe  I'aiii  \ ,  or  \\  liim  :  and  .UMiher  \Iont- 
I  liil.iit,  ..ir  .M.uiiit  ric.U.i'il,  w'.iieli  were  i'lnll  In  iwo 
lilleis-in  !,i,\  ,  M.idimf  '.!e  Kilnianlec  i_iate  lounteis  of 
jVvhngieni  an. I  ili,  i.oi.i!i;el'  of  I'laieii.  Tliele  had  1.) 
the  plea'a.ii  I  ll  I.  e  of  |-lereiiliaiilen  {^i.  e.  ihe  liouli.'  1.1 
til',  li.fd  oi  the  iii.i  ior''  a  catlie  built  on  the  river  LeiiU', 
I'.y  oidei  ll  the  prii.i.',  who  was  ihe  Iirtl  elector,  about 
the  t.ime  d;ll  nil  e  11  irth  I  mm  Hanover  as  the  p.. lace  of 
Keiitin  ',i..n  is  li..:ii  ih.it  ..i  Si.  I.iiiks'^.  A  llran  w.ek 
Lads  up  10  ill.' lunilv ,  which  is  adorn.'d  wuheharni- 
ing  gardens:  a '.uKlern.  is  oi  evergreens ;  one  ol  ilie 
l.i'gell  and  nobl.ll  or.ingeric  m  Iviirope;  .1  iieif.'i 
the. lite  1  ul  out  int. "1  u  I  en  leats,  w  itii  ar'.ois  and  tuni- 
mei  hi.iiles  on  liiilili.ic  ul  it,  f.ir  ihee.-lors  lo  diels 
ill,  ihe  whole  Ic;  oil  vv;ih  line  li.iiuis,  many  ol  them 
gill;  .md,  above  all,  here  .ire  iioiile  f'liinl.iin^,  w'th 
vei  y  I  irge  baloir,  bi  aii.  iiiil  eaii  aues,  .md  vviiei  -vviM'k  , 
that  thiovv  the  '.viler  lip  mill  ll  liiglur  than  the  lamous 
loiiniain  at  St  (Jf.ud  in  I'laiui,  which  was  .iKv.,\s 
lookeil  upon  is  ihe  m- .11  conlidcrablc  ot  the  kind,  nil 
this  was  let  ll]),  bv  the  .lireition  ol  a  verv  capital  L'.nghili 


near  wnic 
meniorv 


h   th. 


a  ll 


and   h; 
villaa 


lie  monument,  erected  t. 


)  tlie 


duke  Albert  nf.S:i\ony,  who,  in    i;,'i; 


:;lieging  the  c'llle,  had  his  leg  Ihatierc  ' 


in  tucli  a. 


aililieei,  under  the  palioiiage  of  the  elector  in  lyio.       '  ihroiigli  which  tlicy  palled.     1 


manner  as  to  1  eeaiioii  lii^  de:itl 

Newtlidlai.i  Riibeiiberge,  on  the  L/-'ine,aver  which 
there  :ire  twofl.ine  bridges,  has  likevvile  a  fluice  in  the 
tuiiv-  river,  !.i,iv.  s  name  to  a  biiii  \ii  k  and  tiipeiiiiten- 
ilen.  V,  and  was  f.irnieilv  delend.  d  bv  a  calUc. 

Cal.nbuig  IS  .m  incieiit  duc.d  palace,  trom  which 
ihe  principality  took  its  name;  and  Barfinghaulen  ciiii- 
lain-  a  Lutlieiaii  convent  tor  lathes,  and  has  a  teat  and 
voice  in  th  ;  diets. 

Marienf.e,  Wennigfen,  Maricnvvarder,  and  Wulfing- 
haiilen,  hive  eaili  Luiheran  ci'iivenis  tor  la'.licf.,  and 
lend  rejireleiilatives  to  the  aflemblies  ol'tlie  thites, 

Mar,eiii\,de  contains  a  conveiii  of  Roman  Catholic 
monki;  NTiii.der  is  a  town  on  ihe  Hamel,  with  falt- 
vvoiks;  LocKiim  is  a  village,  wiih  a  Lutheran  abbey; 
and  Pattenfeii  has  lliil  the  rcm.iins  ot  iis  ancienl  moat, 
w  11  ,  ram|\irts,  &c. 

\\  iinilorf  is  the  l'e:!t  ot' a  tuperintendencv,  andi;fa 
Liitheian  abbey,  to  which  belong  an  abbets  and  tour 
conventuaiills,  who  miiii  all  be  ot  noble  binli,  to- 
gether wi'.h  te\eral  ciiioti'-,  the  llnior  of' vvliom  is  I'u- 
jierintciulant.  The  abbev  has  .1  feat  and  voue  in  the 
diets  of  the  iirincipaUiy,  ami  wa^  founded  in  iiyo,  by  a 
biiliiip  of  Miiiden. 

Hanu'len  i^  a  very  ancient  city,  fituated  in  a  fine 
coiinuy  on  the  river  Hamel,  from  which  it  h.as  its 
name.  The  Hamel  dilcmbogues  ;ilelt'  into  the  ^Veler, 
on  which  an  admirable  (luice  was  linillied  in  1734,  at 
a  great  expence.  Over  the  Weler  there  ii  iikevvil'e  1 
bridge  ol  nine  wooden  arches.  l"he  otiier  public  cdi- 
lice^  are  an  abi  ey,  two  Lutheran  churches,  a  Calvinill 
ditto,  an  holpit.il,  atown-houte,  a  tree-tchoul,  a  poor- 
houie,  and  b'.irracks. 

There  aie  wo.  .!len,  lilk,  lii!cn,a:Hl  leather  manufac- 
tories. Tiie  iiLigitiiale'' are  .illnv^d  loenn  m.in- y,  an  I 
have  very  eMetilive  jirivileges,   .i.id  iivil  and  criminal 
jiirildiclion,  within  their  liberties,  which  contain  many 
villages,  forelb,  a  I'errv,  &c.  The  aiVnoioi  l''ulil  i,  vvho 
was  i'ornierly   lovereigii  of  the  town,   h.iving  lokl  it  to 
the  lilhc.p-  of   Mindin,  when  ihe  latter  eame  to  t.ika 
pi.lTciri.  n  of  it,  tlie  .  in;',  ii-  oppoled  liim,  bul  were  de- 
I  tealed,  wi;h  i',ieai  ll  lughter,   near  Sedemiinde.      Tliis 
I  event  is  fuppuied  to  have  i:,lveii  rile  10  a  llorv ,   which, 
ill  ugh  rid  culous,  anil  b  "ulering  on   the  marvellous, 
,  we  preknt,  a    ii  ii'iay  r.itoiel  k.me  cnteriainmeni  to  the 
I  I'e.'.di  r. 

i  "  There  came  into  the  town  oi  Hamelen  a  very  lin- 
gular character,  who  lieiiig  by  pr.ifctlion  a  piper,  and 
.illeaing  a  l.int.iihcal  diets  of  various  colouis,  vv.is  call- 
i  L-d  \U  Piui  Piper.  'Phi- mm,  I  ir  a  lli'iiilated  I'um,  iiii- 
I  deiiook  to  exterminate  ail  the  rats  in  the  lowii,  vvhieli 
hid  I'ln.i,  been  antii'vcil  by  ihiile  veiiiin.  T.)  cflecl 
thr-  ill.  Pipvi  went  tiir. .ii.-'-.  iii  the  lo.-.n  willi  i:i.<  in- 
tlriitiicnl,  producing  the  liiiiileil  tun,-,  v  huh  bringing 
full  .ill  the  rats,  1k'  led  llicni  lu  the  riv  r  Weli  r,  ami 
drowned  them  therein.  H.iving  .:ec''.iir|.iiihevl  his  un- 
d  it. iking,  hedem.D.ded  Ir.srewai'il;  i  ri!  iheinhabi- 
i.r.ts  rending  iioin  iheli'  ..mti.iei,  and  ull'ering  him 
mui.'!  lets  than  the  liim  liij'uluel,  he  tlirsal'.'iicd  them 
With  I'.venge,  and  I'erumiii'i  1  i^  prpe,  v.ent  throii:?li 
I'.e  llreeis  ,is  beiore,  i..l:ii,.d  bv  ,1  niiiiiber  ulb.iy  , 
ei'.it  at  Oil;;  ol'ihe  gal. sni  tlie  citv.  L"  linm;  lo  .1  hi!i, 
ihere  i.peiud  in  1 1.e  I'.k  ii  wide  li.ile,  iiilo  wliii  li  the 
Pper,  ami  ail  ihe  bo',',  ex  ejl  one,  entered,  and  the 
h  iecl.ilid  up  again.  T!  .' p.i'Mii  ^  .'.  piuieJ,  1  '.e  lols  ol 
ilkir  cliiklfeii,  an. I  m.ii  vv>ie  lent  .in  in  i|.i-l'.-iif 
ilieiii,  but  no  oilier  iiitsliigcnce  llii.i  liic  li  I'l  "s 
e.iiiid  be  obl.iined.  To  p.' [1.  male  the  nil  in  rv  ol  an 
.vent  fo  extraoidin.irv,  it  vv.is,  in  .1  ll.iliili,  oid. lined 
lii.il  tioni  llieiiee|..|i|i,  no. linni,  pipe,  or  ot.i.r  itlfiiu- 
iicnt,    be   loundcd   m   tie    ll'.-.-ji   k.uli:  ...',  lo   die  g.;te 

t  vvii..  alio   ell.iblillkd, 
tli.U 


ilf'i 


mi 


m 


I '5*1 


Ll' 


■m 


'i    ■ 


74^ 


A  NF.VV,  ROYAL,,  and 


AUTIIF.NTIC  SVSTI'.M  of  rXlVFRSAL  (;i',of;PN.Arnv, 


th.u,  tioni  i\vM  time  toiwanl,  m  :ill  public  wntinr^s  th:U 
Ihoukl  lie  inatlc  in  lli.lt  louii,  altiT  the  date  tlieiciii  let 
ilown  ol  tlic  yeai'  of  cuir  Loid,  tlie  date  of  tlie  year  ol 
the  goiiii;  toith  ot  tlieir  iliildieii  Iboiild  l>eadiied; 
which  tluy  h,iveaci.oiduii;,ly  ever  liiue continued.  'I'hi- 
great  wonder  happened  on  the  2 2d  ol  julv,  i }'/(>•" 

Bodeinverder  is  lituated  on  the  Weler,  over  one 
Inanch  ot  which  there  is  a  bridge,  and  over  another  a 
krrv.  It  ha->  Ibiiic  trade,  particuhuly  in  coarle  hnens, 
and  IS  lulveet  to  iiumilaiions. 

l-.auenau,  a  inaikel-town,  gives  name  to  a  baihuiik; 
and  Rdier  lontainb  a  [irals  toundery,  andapowdei- 
mill. 

Sprvinge,  u  Ihiall  town,  with  a  ereat  beer  iiadc, 
give^  name  to  a  baihui^k,  whii  h  contains  lome  I'ah 
Iprings,  woods,  pit  coal,  niaiuiiadones  ol  glals,  Imeii, 
tarthen-ware,  Ke. 

Laueiillein  is  the  capital  of  a  bailiwick,  in  whith  are 
lalt  Iprings,  a  coal-mine,  a  liiKii  manutactory,  and  a 
glalshotile.  The  town  wa^  loniurly  walled-,  and 
near  it  llood  a  calUe,  the  remain^  01  uhich  .ue  lliU  to 
be  leen. 

Heminendorf,  on  the  Sad,  was  the  rendezvous  o! 
the  llat.s  betore  they  agreed  to  meet  at  Hanover  ; 
Dorpe  i-  tamou- tor  its  ii'iniifaclory  of  earihen-wafe, 
and  black  tiuniture  tor  lloves ;  Salz-Heminendort  i^  a 
lji)rou:;li  with  ihre^-  lalt-rprings,  antl  twelve  boiling- 
hotilcb ;  Diimgen  has  a  inanufaclory  of  tlone  ware; 
firohndc  has  a  ferry  and  toll;  and  PoUc,  on  the 
\\  elei,  15  the  leal  ot  a  bail;\'.  ick,  in  which  thread  ilock- 
mg-  arc  knit,  lime  made,  veliels  lor  ilic  Weler  luiilt, 
and  trum  wlunce  laiiie  uuaatitie-  ot  timber  aie  earned 
to  biemen. 

(luttinien  is  lituated  on  the  New  Lcine,   which  i^  a 
canal  diavwi  irom  the  Old   Le.iU-,  and  alioot  ;o  n.iles 
trom    flanuv.r.      It  is  Hiong,   well    built,  and    well 
paved.      The  ancient  gyniiiaiuini  was,   in  1  ;.■-',,   eon- 
seiteii  by  hi-  U:i;annic  ni.iieity,  Cieorge  II,  iiu^i  ..n  iini- 
Ntiiity.      It-   libi.iry  1-  the  bjl   in  (iermany.      I  leic  !•■ 
alio  .n  fi;-.;  oi.lervatory,  an  anatomii.al  theatre,  .1  phytic 
gaiden,  akho  1  tor  ttaching  midwifery,  anaiademvof 
Iciences   and  Belles  Leitrts,  and  n  (Jerman  loe^ety, 
which  are  all  included  tind.:,  .'iid  belong  to, the  imiver-  ] 
lity.     The  Latin  I'chooi  has  cigl;f  marters,  and  i-  imdir  I 
Very  g-  od  regulations.    There  are  allii  an  arnioiirv,  lix  I 
Liuiieran  cluui.  iies,  one  Calvinill  chuivli,  analm'-li'mle  1 
With  ai  ir.ir.  hI'elong:ngto  it,.indan  orpi'.an-hiiui'e.  On  i 
a  hill,  in  the  teiritoiy  belonging  to  the  town,  aniienib,   ' 
liuod  an  in, penal  pcrg  and  paLumetown,  lalleddione, 
wlikh   was   the    prim  ijxil  reliileiue  ol  the  Saxon   em-' 
pcrors  alter  Oiho  thetiivat.     The   Io'>mi*s  eii.ire  and  : 
jlinldiCtion  are  very  eunliderable,  i^nlilling  oi  leveral  ' 
village^,  wood  ,  mea.lows,  antl  palhiies.      l'o)me;b'  it 
was  one  ■  1  die  1  lans,  ;intl  had  a  mint  loi  ci'inrr;'.      In 
the  camj.n  gn-i  ol  i-  ■-  and  i  75S,  it  i<,as,  tor  'ijaieiniu, 
in  liie  h.i.-.ds  ot  the  l-ren.  h.  | 

Hediemundi  n,  on  the  \\  iira, .  lll,taln^  a  linen  manii-  1 
faaoi;.  ;   ijiclielitein,  in  1mi  dilli,  Sickle-llone,  toimeilv  il  veial  inleri'ir  [iie.  en.ls  and  vicars 


one  Calvinill  cluirch,  a  biiilge  over  the  \V\ira,  a  (ice- 
Khool,  and  baiiacks  loi  a  regiment  ot  loklier^. 

1  he  gardens  wuhin  anil  aioiind  the  town  aie  verv 
numerous.  The  inanuiaiiuies  are  ot  liik,  flax,  and 
tobacco.  This  being  thecomiiien.  lal  cenlei  lor  1  Idle, 
riuiiingia,  Nuremburg,  I'rancklort,  iManconia,  Bava- 
ria, and  all  parts  of  Saxoiiv,  a  mi  uber  of  lactors  re- 
tide  here;  and  none,  who  are  not  lixvnien  ol  Miinden, 
ate  alloweil  totiade  beyond  tins  town;  but  imitl  con- 
lign  tlieir  good'  tutactors  here;  and  whatever  is  I  roiiglu 
III  any  vellel,  mull,  according  to  the  llanle  weiglJt,'  I  c 
unl.iden  i;eie.  On  liated  ilay-  a  vetiel  goes  up  the 
f' I.Ida  iiom  hence  to  Cajiel,  which  none  1  ut  fieemeii 
ot   .\lunden  ha\e  a  light  to  navigate. 

l  he  priiKii)alit\  ol  Wolfeniuttle,  whuhispait 
ol  the  duchy  ol  Brunlwic,  isdivided  into  two  parts,  by 
the  diocele  ol  I  likKllieiiii,  and  the  principal, ty  of  IJal- 
berlladt.  The  northern  pan  is  rather  level,  and  pro- 
duces conllderaide  (]u.intities  ot  gram,  liax,  liemj>, 
pule,  liuits,  eatile,  liL,  fvc.  The  loulhern  p.utscoii- 
i.iin  leveral  mine--  and  lalt-work^.  The  ineis  are  tin 
\\  e.ei,  Leine,  Oeker,  Schiiniei,  and  Aller.  J'he  liaies 
depute  rejjrelent.ilives  to  the  diet-^,  v\hih  are  held  .it 
Brunlwic  tour  times  a  year.  LutlKranilm  is  the  ella- 
bi.'.hed  religiou.  The  chief  manutaiHuics  are  l!a\,  uool, 
lilk,  tobac  o,  glals,  Kad,  iron,  llcel,  porcelain,  wax, 
bl.i..  king,  ^e.  Tlu-  high  colleges  lor  this  priiuipahty 
.lie  the  privy  council,  convent  oiiiee,  ehaiueiy,  iiea- 
lur\,   high  court  of  jullice,  and  c  nlillory. 

Biuiii.wc,  the  m.tropoli>  cit  the  countv,  i-^i  miL"! 
Well  trom  Magdeburg.  It  had  Us  name  liom  us  loun- 
d^r,  Buino,  duke  ot  S.ixoiiv,  who  ere;',eil  :!  in  die 
Kar  t,Oi.  It  w.is  (  li.  I.-  a  llaii-  Town,  an;!  .111  Impeiial 
tree  citv.  Thougii  it  is  imich  deca^.d  trom  lis  piilline" 
Ipleiidur,  11  is  llill  rich  .uid  ptrpulou.-i,  c< main-  Icuk!- 
lome  houl'ts,  is  wed  pavcil,  .ind  llroiigly  h.ii iiu tl.  Ji 
is  about  two  nulc-  in  i  iKumterence,  and  divided  into 
the  (.)ld  and  NeA  lowii.  l  lie  piiiicipai  tia.k  1,.  in  le.i- 
tlier,   huiiei,   h   ps  and  mi.m. 

Thechkf  buildings  arc  the  ducal  jxiLv  •, ,  ulnJi  it 
capauou^,  niagiiiiii.ent,  lj)lendi(lly  lutnilhed,  and  cn- 
tains  manv  tin.  painiings,  an  excellent  hbr.iry,  and  a 
cabinet  ot  curiolities;  an  armoury,  an  acadenu  lor 
mariial  e.iirciles,  a  college,  a  theatre,  a  cullom-houle, 
a  houle  ot  ciri\ciiin,  ,1  i  oumil-houl'e  in  the  Old  anj 


New    Town, a  mint,, 111  01 1 


houle,  two  gymnaliums. 


iia^i  a  (.atlle,  oppoiiie  which  was  aiiothei  tonril'., 
binieiiiteiii,  or  .Sevthedlone.     Bur-leld    w:i^  anc 


^1  I 


;.k^  ill  (je; many;  and  had  the  peiimlliuii  ot  liuldiiu' 
niikct,   the   po.\ei  ot  coining,  and  the  privilege  ot 


IV 

one   ol  the   moll    celebratid   convcni    ol  B,  n  d  ^iinc 

m.    ' 

a  1 

elect,  ig  lis  o\\[\  ab'ioi. 

N  :i:  e;m  c.nlains  Imiiic  manufadones,  a  ['arnli 
churi.li,  a  tiee-f,  hool,  and  anciLiiily  had  a  j'.'neilicti.k 
coiivi'itto;  both  le.xe-,,  loun.ied  m  ic^i,  b\  (Jdio.duke 
ct  B..V  ..r.  I. 

I  l.nd.vieii,  on  iliL  Elp'jide,  ha-  a  ealde,  .11,  1  1,  tlu 
leit  ot  a    I'-'peniucndciuy   and  bailiAkk;   .ind    .liar  1-. 
divide.l    111I.1    0;d   and  New,   the  fotm.T   ot    \\;u,.l,    1 
walkd. 

.Mui.den  IS  htutted  in  a  vale  on  the  hulda,  which,  u 
little  Iclo.'..  iMiib  the  Wtria,  ami  then  th.'  united 
Itieams  l.ike  the  nam,  ol  the  Weler.  J 'icie  1  ivtrs 
Willi  the  illands  ihev  loim,  ,md  the  iieighbi.uriiiu  gar- 
moll  eiK  hauling  |)iij|- 


a  college  ot  [ilnllc,  an  an.ifMuy  and  lurgerv  IcI  ool,  ;i 
la/.aretlo,  a  caiile,  Si.  Leonard'.-  holpu.il  ;  a  kind  of 
•'oikge,  vailed  the  Teiapleiiof,  which  loim.ilv  b.  ioiit- 
ed  10  the  knight- lempkis  and  tli,- loljowing  eliurchi.  ; 
or.e  |.'r  die  L'aUiii;;!-,  i>iie  lor  ih,-  R-maii  Call' Jllu^, 
and  tvn  I  ir  i:u-  Lu■lller;ul^ ;  among '.err  11  i.  t!:t,  c.iihe- 
dr.d,  dedic.itid  to  Si.  Bl.ihus,  w lu,  ii  i  ■  aiiain-  liudui.il 
burying  pilac, ,  the  icc  .ad  ot  tne  elc,  t  iiai  ta'Mh  ,  .uul 
tuo  laige  moiuiaiciU'  ot  dui.ellin;'.  tlu  Lriii,  aiul 
hi--  lecond  conloit.  1  lie  i  h.ipter  ol  tins  caihcdr.il  coii- 
liil-  ol   a  pr'.voll,  a  dan,  a  leiiloi,  ten  cin-  ns,  and  li.-- 

the  cle.in  b  ihc  nrll 

uiul  iir  n  of 

;   the  Halts, 

Ciiiiveni     t 


Th, 


l.ut.'.eraii    Ic 
w:,  1  I ,  oi..  I 

iiior..-..    r  I 


member  ol   the  ll.ucs 

St.  I'.\  iKlc  coiiHilb  u|  ,1  di  ,in 

.1  gu.it  e  iiii.iattte,  .u..!   liv, 

Ridilagliauleii  1    ,1;  w,,i  t\u)  aa  e  !i  'ir.  1 

ramp.utsol   li.e  ,.n\  .i.c  panel  uiii 

tiie  ;'ankiu  bJ  Jiiging  t  ■  the  do..  .1 

in  exq.iil:t    tail 


..•>;iiiiaiii.'  v.-r 


an 

■HI 

til'-  )  e.ii   1  ;  -;o,   I  ■)  ,  ik  J.ir  e.i,    .1    ll  ,1 
c'.itlei.     '1  Irs  \c.is  tiic  1;  ll  i.ipi:a;  | 
the  lehirm.ition.      The   ro.i-l  lioni 


uille  .s  i> 


I  an 


I    I'leiii  !i  L'ol    p  'lie; 


line, 

ill  ol 


on  '.  ,1 
this   , 


111! 


id-.  Nc.  altc 


,! 


pect.    TliepuLlic  buikiiiigiaie  iwo  Lutli,i;iancliuiche<i, 


f  iMm.mv,  111  I'.e  '  e.u   1  7  ;;,  Li'i  .     . 
I  i;e  Luiii  1  ill  I   ill  w  ni  o:  ih    1  i   b  C 
ol  It   c;wii,  and  IS  I'lu  it.  d  .,  iih.iiii  Si. 
J^u,  k  I  CI  111  !s  a  viii  e.ic,  wleie  l!v  r  ■  I- 


■un:.Mc.     The 

iliil, MTV-trees; 
l^a'a.  e  :iie  I  ad 
ia\ea:,d  h.  r.  in 
:ii\    .  .i  ;  I',     .e- 
'  ■■'  1-  '  h.it  ill.'ii.i.ed 
|i-ne.-    lo   \V  'hen- 
le  ■   liii  ta  e-.    'i'he 
i!.:    ng,   I  h      w.ii  in 
:■  0  .1   d  II  111    I  ,  5'~>. 
,'    lat'  1  c  haicli 
r.l.r'-.  /au. 
I  cuiuni  111  \  I  lif 


the  Te  I'.jni'   o.lci  ;    .f.^l    S  heppealhi  li,  uii  die  .■\lti- 
liau,  IS  ill'  leit  ol  ,1  lap  liiiienileai  \. 

Sil/.d.ilum  is  :i    Mil.'ge  «lii.|igee,  ramc  t.i  a  b  lill- 
wick,  and  takes  u-  o.\a  tiuai  a  i-.'iilid.i  i' ile  lal!-'.\"r!c 

ill 


;'.ial  ne 
Ciaih 
liii-  A'..;  le 
t'n'!,i'.\ed, 
Heni\  |',:i 
bi.ay. 
•  ae  i,;mii!. 
n . ;  I.'  ! 
p.i'.i!ia 
Wcil'e. 
i.'Ti  in  ol 
1   Is  11;, I  le 


IRAl'llY. 

r  I  lie  \V\ir;i,  a  iice- 

t  ot    toltlllT^. 

tilt  town  ;iic   very 

of  lilk,  ll.ix,  anil 
lal  tcnli-i  tor  1  K  lie, 
ri,  I'laiKonia,  Ikiva- 
inihcr  ot  lactois  rc- 
iLMiicn  oi  MiMulcn, 
\vn  ;  bill  mull  coii- 
u  lull  evil'  IS  I  iout;lu 
hi-  lUinlc  wiigllt,  I  c 
villi.1  LOIS  up  ill;; 
I  none  1  ut  titiauii 
.ti. 

TTLE,  \v!ik1i  !•>  part 
:il  into  two  pans,  by 
inintijiality  ot  llal- 
tlici  Lvcl,  and  pro- 

jiiain,  ll.ix,  iiinip, 
.•  loutlicni  [vuts  coii- 
Thi-  in  CIS  arc  tin 
il  AlliT.  I'lic  liaus 
■  ,  \i  In  1\  arc  hcKl  at 
kianiun  is  the  cita- 
lUlRS  ,uv  tl.i  ^,  wool, 
ccl,  ])orcclain,  uax, 

loi  thib  piiiu  ipality 
iicc,  cliaiuciy,  lua- 
>  ntilloiy. 

louiitv,  i''  rt  1  iViiK'S 
name  tiom  its  toun- 
lii)  ere.'itd  u  in  ilic 
i\sn,  and  .in  Impciial 
i\  ,d  ho. 11  i:s  jnilliii'- 
loiis,  naiiain-^  Ii.iik!- 
rongly  li.iiiind.  It 
.e,  and  ilividcd  into 
iicipai  tiauc  ij  in  Ica- 

cal  pal.u  I ,   wliiih   is 

kitnillicd,  and  cn- 

lleiit   library,   and    a 

\ ,   an  aiadtiiA    lor 

lie,  a  i  iill.inidunik-, 

loule  in  ilu-  Old  aiul 

le,  tuo  L^yni-arninis, 

id  iuri;ei\  Kl  ool,  a 

lolpual  ;  a  kind  I't 

nil  loini-ily  b -loiig- 

toilowiiii^  ciuirilii   ; 

e    Ri'inan  Culi'ili^,, 

^'.ei'h  II  IS  lilt,  i.ulie-  • 

h  mniain-  liu  du.  al 

clcv't.iiai  ta-Ml'  ,  .iiiii 

Uii!'.  the  I. ion,  and 

I  this  caihcdiiil  coii- 

,  leu  CUV  lis,  aiid  le- 

tiic  dean  i^  ilic  nrll 

el  an   loiiiiditf  II  of 

I,  u...  '.;   llic  llaus, 

>.      l .  e  e'iii\ent     t" 

>li1  ii' till' All.         I'Wf 

I'.n    i.inhi.  irv-lri.s; 

Im.  al  pa'a'  t  :ue  I  iid 

ui'-  in\e:i!.d  Ik  i'.  \n 
ll..ti!li\  ,  .1  ;  I',  .e- 
i'  m.  '  li.ll  ini'il.i.Cvi 
\<i\)L.-    to   W  .len- 

lide  '.  nil  tu  e^.  'i'he 
i!i:  III;;  i  li  u.u  in 
.;■  nil  d  It  111  I  ,5'"'. 
Ci'/  lia>  ;l  ll.'alelv 
Si.  I\  ur's  iMU. 
■  I'  I  loiiun  III  'er  of 

en'la  il ,  on  the  Alte- 

eei  r.anic  t.'  .1  !>:iill- 
...nlid-iil'lc  I'.ilt-'Aork 
ill 


r.lJROl-E. 


r;  !•:  R  AT  A  N      E  M  I'  I  R  E. 


7A-) 


111  the  neiijjlihoiirhood.  Th:  ducal  palaee  here  lias  a 
line  larj^e  }>,all.ry,  whieh  c  intains  above  a  tlioiilaiul 
p:ciiiivs,  by  llie  molt  eiuiiKnt  millers.  Here  is  lil.,-- 
wile  a  Imall  i;alliry,  cmbcliillied  with  maii\  bcautilul 
p'iintini;;s.  In  tlu.  i  hiiu  eabinet  arc  above  ;;o:,o  pieces 
ol  cxiiuilite  bcauiy:  and  in  anotlier  ab.ivc  looo 
enamels  oi'  Raphai-I  de  I'rbino,  admirably  execut.d. 
The  great  i;allery  i-  :oo  Icet  lont:,  50  broad,  and  40 
liioli;  and  the  leller  one  it'o  I'lig,  and  10  broad.  In 
Tie  laitiT,  belides  the  alio'.e  cabinet,  arclix  Imdl  ones, 
lor  fiiriiirnies  ot'  ait  and  nature.  'I'he  i;a-vien,  the 
tliapel,  he,  are  cxireiiuiy  gran.l.  .Xdioinin;',  to  the 
paiaicis  a  eonvcni,  whi.  li  lends  rcprcfeinative.s  to  the 
diets;  wa)  toiiiided  bv  duk.-  .Anthony  Uhiv  h  and  his 
duihel-,  (led  eated  10  the  Virgin  Mar\',  and  has  a  pro- 
voll,  a  d  'luin  ',  and  i;  tillers  ot  noble  tamilics. 

W'oil.  nlnitllc,  trom  wlnnce  the  duchy,  is  ilennmi- 
iiated,  liaii  !  on  the  ri\er  ()•  ker,  I'evcn  mile-  Inith- 
tali  ot  I5runiuic.  It  i  •  the  ancient  le.it  ol  the  diikes; 
and  el  ut;i  lonifud,  ih.at  ii  is  deemed  one  ot  the 
lliongell  t'lwn^  in  (ier:iian\.  11, re  is  an  arlenal  alio, 
well  unnilhed.  WoUen  is  iliviiled  into  two  jiarts,  one 
called  Arx  f  iiielphica.  which  is  the  ducal  palace,  lo 
iia;i-.i  d  from  duke  Kcberf,  of  tii  ■  t:uiiil\  of  tiie  (in-  Iplis; 
the  other  i  I.ni  ickll.Kli,  trom  thcf  iiir.der,  duk'  Mciiiy. 
The  pil.icc,  wliii'i  is  the  lli'.ip  H.-tl  and  nioli  liately  that 
lulonps  loth.'  duke's  t..!nily,  his  iiobleapailm  n",rieli 
lurniiiii' ■-  I  illlv  paiiiiing-,  andalibrarv  rivk..u.vi  one 
ol  the  '.'ell  I'l  !'!ur. 'pe,  whuh  wMs  founded  l>y  the  Icarn- 
■-'  i  ii'.ike  Auguilii  .  'I  !k'  librarian's  catal  igue,  [Jub- 
lillicd  i:ii''0^,  numbcriii  the  v.:.li.mc- at  i  24.000;  ano- 
t'e.  11:1  idfio,  ineniioned  only  iT, ''("'>  volumes,  and 
I  I  ;.  :o.i  ii:.ct;,  iiy  ;fi,:9;  authors.  There  are  .icoo 
M^^.  pariiciil.u'l'  4;S  tolics  ot  French  emijallics, 
truilcri;  e>l  tiom  the  h'reni  !i  kind's  lilnai'  ;  4.1  volumes 
wnlleii  hv  ihe  founder  liiir.iclf,  :  2  of  ■.vliuh  ai'e  on 
nuilic;  IkIhIcs  a  very  learn.-d  iract  on  the  .intiqu  ty 
and  niyllery  ot  th.-  game  of  cliels. 

Tile  new  church  1-  an  .admirable  piece  of  anhitcc- 
tiire;  .iiid  nian\  dukes  and,  duchellL-^aic  '  Uerreil  under 
11.  i  leie  is  alio  an  academy,  ,.nd  a  muf  um.  The 
(ow.i  I  n.it  halt  to  l.irae  as  Hiuiif.M',  and  the  lioutls 
aie  .i|  iiiiiliei;  Iv.it  there  are  leveral  preltv  Icuts  luarii, 
111  tlie  r.  ad  lo  Hrunfwic.  Tiicre  i.  a:iorlier  palace  .i; 
the  du'-e'sat  Sali/iiahl  (abnit  .1  L.i'ue  fi.im  the  lo".  n, 
aiidli.ini  Hiiiniwic)  ilu'  lo.idto  wiiicii  is  lined  uidi  a 
Very  line  ro.\  of  trees.  The  caill".  Iiiiiit  In  ihike  An- 
th' ny  I 'Iriv  li,  is  a  very  maeniii  cir.  Iraiclurc.  ILlidcs 
its  luinienlely  iicii  fiiniiiiire,  ;lei'e  |.  a  numerous,  bu; 
111. 11.  '■  (olle.-tion  fii  picuires,  in  a  grcit  gallery,  which  is 
or.c  oi  the  liiiill  room-  in.il!  (iciiiiany,  Tlicrcnc  tw.i 
*c''  i.iets,  one  lull  ot  ihi'  fiicil  porcel.iin;  tl:e  oilier  ol 
'. ai,  .  .ind  utii-,  pa'iiieii  by  Rapluul. 

1  lilml'..  li ,  w  liich  ha  ii^  n.uiie  t;.i:n  ilie  i  hii .  ai'  ut 
li,  !l  '.I'd  i  :  iniLs  e.ill  .if  Hruntwic  .ind  Woheiibu  lie, 
;iiid  Ilea.' ;iv  ;r.)nti  r  o'M  ig.iciurir.  It  was  built  bv 
Ci  a:U  ii'v  (iteat.  ,;niu)  ;.S'i,  and  1- chieliy  noted  t.r 
lii'-  Aca.liiiii.i  juiii,  o'-  uiiiv-rlitv,  '.ouiukd  and  ri*  lily 


town  \T  cncompatfed  with  walls,  difclics  .mil  rampart:-, 
and  lias  three  churches,  and  a  tine  fuburb,  culled 
OllendorlV. 

(iandi  rilieim  i-  an  abbey  on  the  borders  <  f  th"  bi- 
llmpric  ot  llildelheim,  iS  mile  louth-wcll  of  (ioflar, 
which  was  foun..led  liy  a  duke  of  Saxo-iv,  in  the  ninth 
cniury,  for  ladies  of  iv.ble  famili.'^;  and  its  firif  ab- 
belii's  were  fucciffively  the  foundci's  three  ilairj^hiers. 
As  conlideraiiie  as  it  was  forrnerly,  it  is  now  greatly  re- 
duced, and  d  'jiends  on  the  duke  of  Drunlwic-W'oifen- 
buttle,  who  maintains  an  abl). -is,  f  .'ur  canonetlcs,  and 
eight  canons.  Though  this  abbey  is  in  Lower  Saxon-. , 
I  he  r.ljfjcis  takes  her  teat  among  the  prelates  of  tli« 
Rhine,  li  embraced  the  rct'ormaiion  in  i\\t  lOth  cen- 
tury, lo  that  the  abi)efs  and  nuns  are  Luihcrans.  There 
i  a  c.ilil.'  m  it-  b.nllwick,  i'.  hich  is  water,  d  !i\  the  river 
Clanifi,  that  runs  into  the  Leine.  The  bailiwuk  i-; 
aboiii  two  niile:>  in  compals,  a:ul  contains  about  ao 
villa.:c-. 

Sclkniii-'cn  is  a  fmilllown,  with  a  i'l.'p.'-rintcndency 
anil  a  Latin  Iclio..!,  and  near  it  is  a  falt-woik  an.l  a 
convent. 

Iluttcr   is  a  town   ll.iiiding  on    the   rivulet  oi 
celebi  itcd  lor  a  peculiar  kind  of  beer,  called 


n.      1  !eie   \v:'s  anciently  a   Bened.ictine    mo- 

wlr.  h  at  j-ietent  conliihof  a   Lutheran  abb-r. 
ami  t  111'  c  'i!\eniiMls.  In  it.s  ihurcl;  lie  buried 


Kcni 
Luiler, 

1>1.  k|i; 

nailery, 

a  prior, 

the    emperor   Lot:  ."..'ir.s,    li.s   cmprt's  Riihen/i,  riiid 

duke  I  Icnry  the  M.ij:ii.m;iiiuu.^.      It  tr.kes  precedence 

ot  .ill  the  oilier  caiveiit^  in  the  principahiv,  and  fend'.-. 

a  rep'.'clen!ative  to  the  diet  and  liie  grand  c.enmittec. 

Siippk ngenbury  is  a  commande.y  of  the  oukr  of 
St.  j  lin;  Calvorde,  on  ti.eOhre,  Ins  an  oldcallK; 
\'ois'...id,  a  market-town,  on  tiie  Alier,  iwhefeatof.i 
i.-aiiiwiik  and  luperint.'iKLncv  ;  Hcli'en  li.is  a  ike  al 
pal.'.ee;   Mu'ienbur;  cof.tains   a   Luilieraii    nunnerv  ; 


Maii^nth.il  ha-  a  Lutlier.in  ni'. 


l:erv,  and  .1  fite- 


■Jk 


V    llllKC 


luiius,  and   his  Ion 


en. :a'.\e'i,  U).a:l 
llenia  jueu-,  w!;)  ..ho  lumiliied  it  w  itii  a  go  xl  h- 
lit.uy.  It  h.a  v.  rv  c.ini:d.-'.i'  !e  iniv.lege-,  pull,  iili'.l-. 
<  lie  ;  ,r,in!.d  by  ihecMipenr  Ma.Minili.in  II.  that  its 
u.[  1,-r  I  r  e\,-r  1  1  h.iv.  the  tit!,' .iiul  dignity  ot  couiit 
pafifuv.  Tceekii  '■,  o{  U-m-A-er,  and  the  duke  of 
VVohe...  u:;l  ,  are  1  j:  .!  !ov:ici.!,ii',  and  hive  ihedi- 
i.'''i'iiot  It  .il:^.':-n;t -S.  No  univ.iiiiv  in  (iermany 
I  IS  II:. I  le  I  bell  1  ti  '^nr",  or  had  moie  learned  Liithe'' in 
I  ro'e:'  •!=,  .'ii.-in  tin  .  1  h  -  ti.r.e  f.i.,uhies  in  wliivli  it 
'■'III  I  d  ,■' e  ,  .ir.  diviiiif  ,  law,  .md  pie  lie.  Aiii.in '. 
Hie  111  .leil'.  iipes  in  11.  |c  ran  ,  l.ie:.' il  xw  .inciaii  t  le- 
|.i  .  p  ntaieiich,  in  i>'..o  volumes,  t.ir  whicli  loiii. 
J  Ailli  Rabbi,  .  o!;.  red  a  i;rc.it  fum.  The  fuulty  of 
liivine.  hcie  w  is  lIkUi  e.l  wiih  guing  tl  c.r  oj  imoii  iu 
the  cale  ol  the  L.trria ',  oi  the  prncefs  of  HiuiilAic- 
WollenlHittle,  with  the  cmi^iior  Ciiarks  \l.  th.ii  a 
I'lvteikint  princef-  mi;',lii.  with  a  fate  confcieiice,  cm- 
lir.ui  (lie  Roniilli  religion;  bui  ilie\  rehited  it  in  17CS, 
by  a  piibhc  declatatun,  as  a  I'oinlh  torg.rv .  The 
No.  6.;.  ^    ■ 


I'eiioi.l. 

Se  len,  the  il.tt  of  a  t'uperintendcncy  and  bailiwick, 
receive-,  its  name  trom  an  adiaceiit  Like;  (iittel  is  a 
Imill  loi.vn  with  an  iron  fuinilervi  and  Julius  Halle  is 
a  lali-work  ;n  ilie  b.'iliwi.  k  of  Hart/burg. 

I'kIwCv  11  ti'.e  Wei^r  and  the  L.eine  are 

I  fd/cuuiukn,  uliicli  h-is  a  toll,  and  lonie  ir  n  anil 
!'!ecl-,v.  ;k- ;  .•\e.ielii.]\b.>rn,  wiiicli  contain  ■  1  Ludicran 
t  -nyint  ;  and  'I'liuiciberg,  wimli  has  a  manuta.torv  of 
porceLiin,  and  is  defended  by  a  Itrong  old  ealtieon  a 
101  k. 

l  he  Duchy  of  Mr.cKi.i^N  iilbg  is  bounded  bv  Pome- 
r.uiia  on  the  lalb ;  bv  the  bilhopnc  oi  Lub:c,  and  the 
ieriitories  of  Brur.fwie  and  Luneii'  urg,  on  the  well; 
by  the  Haliicon  then  rili;  and,  l>\  the  .■Icctor.ite  of 
lii.indeiiburg  on  the  liiuth.  it  is  lituaied  between  ;» 
lie;!,.  I  3  mill,  and  i.|.  deg.  40  'vi  1.  iioiih  la;,  and  le- 
iwci  n  ;i  aiul  _^4  deg.  ;,  nun.  welt  Ion.  tr  ni  the  ill  iiul 
ot  f'eiio,  b.eing  1;;  .iiiles  in  leag'h,  .'uida'-out  i}0  at; 
its  gii  atelt  breadth.  It  i-  w.  il  watered  bv  leVvial  tine 
rivei  .  and  lake-,  and  \\e!l  u;;  ili-.i  with  liili.  It  is 
lil^e.ule  cxtieiu  Iv  leriilc,  aid  )".elds  plenty  of  torn, 
heitip,  lim  ci,  |i  .du'c,  ill.  -p,  I  uticr,  ciiecie,  tlax,  t'ruit, 
gani',  i.utle,   '.'..).)!.  ;\c. 

The  pealaius  her  r.re  in  a  ll.ite  ot  v.U.iin.'.gc  ;  but 
the  n  .i)ility  cnov  conliilciable  piivileges.  '1  lie  llates 
are  C'liipolLd  ol  tiie  nobditc,  with  the  diets,  that  are 
tummoneda'ruial!y,whii  h  are  I.eid  alternately  at.Stern- 
I'lii'',  and  M.ikhi.i.  The  inlai  itant-  ot  this  country  ar..- 
luoitlv  Luihei.in  ,  unil.r  th.' direclaon  ol  their  lujcr- 
it.leiulatKs.  I'licre  ar.'  .'i!!o  fiiiu  Cibiii  It  ati.'  i-l.)- 
1:1a !i  C'ltlioli,  s.  Tiu'  uhok'  lie.  hy  i  divi.'.e.l  iiiM  dir-i: 
ui.  I  ,  uiii  h  a:e  thole  of  M.cklen  ur;v,  \N  la.en, 
anl  .S..ii,.eird.  Tiu  priitipal  j  iaees  in  ■..iiich  .1  e  a'-. 
I.cl   w  . 

1:1  the  lirc'e  o''  Mecklenburg  are  Seir.veiiti,  tlie 
i:ijiiial  of  the  diK'iiv,  a  (onipaec  inwn,  on  a  gtsai  like 
01  ihai  name,  li  was  the  .ce  ot  a  bilhop.  ir.uitl.ued 
hither  tiMui  Meckleiibiii  :.  ill  lo'.i,  and  fiil'.'iagan  t.j 
tl'e  archiiiiliop  ol  liteiu.n  ;  .  ■.::  eiiii\.'ri,d  luo  a  lec.i- 
l.ir  prinsipaiiiv  by  the  tveatv  o.  l.)inabui.',,  and  granud 
9  I)  ■  '  '-J 


m 


i 


v'J 


V> 


,o 


A  Nr:\V,  ROYAT.  AND  ALTilF.XnC  SY^TF.M  o:   TXiVl  M'vU.  f  IFIV  ,R.\l'iTV. 


'« 


to  Auoipluis  ItciI  riik,  ilukc  of  M.c!.lt'nburp,  a' a'l 
ei'Aiivalciit  loi'  Wilai.ir,  wii  li  wa  lo  ivtiiaiii  in  tl  i 
pol'l'llioa  ut  tlic  Swid. -.  II  my  lli>  l.iun,  I'.nkc  jt 
Sax.inv.  v^l)o  foitilic.l  the  tOMi,  Iniilt  ;iik1  lU'iowKj  .1 
i-athflwl  ht;ie,  auii  iliuvc  tiic  I'.iuan  MtLkk-nWui'r'.i'  is, 
by  llutuUi-id,  I'UO  a  put  ot  llic  l.vkc  oi  SlIv.sciiii, 
w'iKTC  the  ii-cn  hiliv  p  b.ipti/..-il  th,  ni;  f'loiu  wli(.-;i.x- 
iliat  p.irt  ol  ilic  lake  is  ib'l  calkil  ilif  I'ont.  'I'lic 
ilukc;  o;'  Mcckli.nii.ii>!,  iiai  t  1  r.l:Jcni.t  here  at  a  i.-.utlf, 
in  nh'ch  were  iiiipriunvii  tin.  buroonvitUr-.  ot  Rollick, 
la  1 "  I '.);  b;it.  aii-i'  us.  niuiuiis  <.<<iiiinenii.'nt,  thiy  svm;.- 
fet  .It  libt.ri\,  on  ii  nuui'.-uij,  th.ir  iininvinitif  ;iaJ 
priviU-G,e-. 

l'archn\  i*  litu.Uc.l  in  t'le  l-.'bo,  which  dlvuli.  -  ii 
ii>to  thcOkl  .uk!  New  Touif.  It  v..\d  ome  a  i.a.llc  a'  d 
a  ir.int,  and  lias  lliil  two  chi:ivhc>. 

IXniiitz,  4;  rnile-^  eall  of  l/.inenl  urp;,  liands  m  an 
inaiul  mad;.-  by  tlie  e  •nikixot  thi  I'.lbeand  h'.Id.;,  with 
a  caille  on  tlie  i'nner,  where  thj  duke  o!  Mckien- 
buig  Seluvcrin  obliges  lliip.  to  jay  ti-li.  Tliis  !.);f, 
wIikIi  is  l.iid  to  bt  the  llroni;ell,  il  not  the  onlv  o,ie, 
tn  thcduchy,  is  aci  .iTiMe  l-ui  In  a  limber  bridi;e.  in 
1  ;2S  th''  elec'tjr  Lewis  ot  Br.'.ndaiburg,  ahcnattd 
thi^  town  to  the  e  lum  ot  Schwerin,  wiili  the  cultoni-, 
.'.nd  nil  the  count:',  o::  botii  I'lhs  the  Klbf,  i't-y.o 
marks  01  Biandenbuig  coin,  fireat  part  o;  ti;oc.)un- 
tr\.  howcv^T,  returned  bai  k  10  the  KraiKl.n'iuirL!,  1 1- 
mily  by  iiurriar:,v;  but  th,  eailic  remait-.ed  \:\  tliehand^ 
oftb.e  duke- ot  Mecklenburg,  v.i-.o  n.e  lliil  poljelied 
ot'  it,  iOi;eiher  i'.nli  t  !L-  cv.lb<ni'^,  .\lii>  h  :uii' uni  t>  i 
c  midtrai-ie  turn.  In  i".:;  the  bnp.ria!  cen  rd, 
count  l'iii\ .  to  ik  lh;^  I  .>n;  i''.it,  in  iii;i,  it  ■.a-;\- 
t  iken  b\  tlie  Svved.s.  In  i  0  :;  7  tie  Inijii.  a.'Jil'.^  ar.d 
l>a.\ons  re-to  k  it,  Th.  ^w.^iili  iicncr.d,  Ba.iiiicr. 
attempted  to  lecoxtr  a  in  i  i'i;i),  .mvl  blocked  't  uiipaii 
oi  ihc  toil  nvin^  yiar,  i  ut  iA\\  w-:  :■.. tiler  11  t.ll  i'  4;. 
Tho;>;  [-irilo:. -r:i  who  :iie  iiitenv'.od  ;or  a  'ong  >  onlme- 
nii.nt,  are  reiMaily  lent  iin'ur. 

'  i.ide'.^.ilii  IS  remarkable  to"  .1  tirr.it  v;cl;ovv  '4iiain- 
fj  ..e.  r  It,   in  171:;,  I'V  the  S.'.cdes  ()\cr  the  Dines. 

Mei.kicnbu'.g,  winch  "ivc.  name  to  tlie  d'.M  hv,  and 
titlr  ii)  the  duke-,  tiiuuj^h  lormcilv  a  l.irge  t  iwn,  ;'  now 
bi::  .m  iiiditieretit  vil!.ic.e,  it  !•  imeiiv  i::vl  t'irec  cm- 
vent-,  and  wa-  iIk  lee  it  a  1  tlho[>,  t.  at  L''aih:..!I'i  de- 
t  iinv  d  ..-■  W  i.i'.ar  rtile. 


a.  um,   a 


I'.iilena,  on  til.  IJd.i,  h,  .'■  a  hi!!  c  n'.a.n 
l.i;i  wors,  and  i;rw  s  h  an.- to  a  ii -.^ii '.  ick. 

Uobberan,  wim  h  w.-.- a-.i  ientb.  ..  d  it:.nmor.ai- 
ttrv.  i- now  (.nl\  a  luintin,-.  le.it.  In  I'le  c!  uuh  nnuiy 
a,reat  ptr'.'inaj^e--  have  i'e.-n 'orn,  i'\  i  .1   ;.-cd. 

1-1  the  Lirele  -  ■!  \\  a[.,>\  s  a  ■.  ( r'.riiw  ,  i  w.  li  .nti- 
hed  tow-n,  1  ■;  nule-  luuih  oi  Rj-.to  k.  a:;.!  ;7  tro'ii 
Schwerin,  It  h.i  .1  calMc,  ..'.i-.;!  w  i«,  th  leiidence  of 
the  duk' s  o;  (iulbow;  at.ci  i''.  Lxdiic  ion  ol  \>inili 
br,'.':  i:,  the  emperor  ad  i;  '  .d  th  •,  ch  ,  an:  i:  v'e- 
pf-i.i,  1  les.  in  I  I'V  : ,  to  the  laii;  d  ike  '  t  Mr,  kien'iiii';^- 
.Scii.  :iii,  wiio  leml'-u.--!  the  2,  irituii;  o;.t  ;h,-  iro  'ps 
ol  Sweden  aiul  1^  wer  S.ix  iiin  k:u1',.1  10  ip.'!  tlie  jijaie. 
'I  he  duke,  ho'.-.\\ei,  (oniinue-;  tiier^  ",  lil  .'V;'!.!,  uln-n 
;coo  ot  th:  troop  ol  the  dirci.-j,:  1:  tiicii^  i  ..tt..e:N- 
tvi  :i- d  "l.'li;,'!  Il  11  lo  luiiLndei.  .Ul  i  eu!i  [-ill.il  the 
diiV  .hid  the  bt.peil.d  ininili.e;- t  '  q-v;;'  tl'jC  1  ut,  11,;. 1 
v\!u'i'  .hi,  I  .a  ,1  ^arriloii,  :in.|  deiiu.i  the  (:ni[H-ior 
to  n;in-,e  c  nvuiillMner- to  take  th'- .i.imii,ii;i„i  ,.,■!  upiju 
the:ii  tih  the  liii.v.elii  jii  w.is  kill;  d.,  \\\ia  h  .-.  .>  .n  .  ;o  1 . 
its  wild  -,   .1  -'-..Uid  ulilice,  wit  1  hui;  lion;   ,  1   ;  ,  1  1  be 


iry, 


I 


ti;e  tmell  111  a  :   t!r.-  loun 
cgmt  garden. 

RulloJ;,  a  Ir.e  I  npeii.il  1  a-.,  ,ia 
Towns,  li.iiids  rjii  theiiv  r   W.an.i. 
m.le>  be  o-.v  11    intM  1  1.    1!  itie   Se  1. 
cii  V,  wal.ed  in  1  1  '•. ,  ''y  li,H-i\  ii.ii.,  k 
and,  as  appears  bv   its  ili.i:i.r,  ilii 
dclled  Ly  i!k-  l;iv.s'<,'l  1  ,ub  i. 
the  ducln,  feized  by  the  ln,| 


ILil    1  lliiit 


1  'lie  '..I  t'ri    1  lans- 

.    'vi  1'  ;j  !.iil<   Llg,ilt 

It    I     u\\   an.  Kill 
■  I  :!..■  lleioli, 
in    ill  M,  iw  ■ 
1  ill    town  b.  ini',   with 

illll     111     I  li  '.  ,,    \wl  .  ic- 


Kiken  by  the  Swc.le.  in  1  (> ;  1 ,  wlio,  .ili  r  ;:,e  fi-aty  ct 
MiiiiIUt,  l.uiilt  a  tort  lieie,  ;in-.l,  [>\  :lu--'  iitiicii,  de- 
n-uindej  a  l-jH  ot  all  llnpi,  w;u,li  ve,-}    lu  id  leilencd 


th-v'tr.ale  ot  the  '■>'•.:).  M  il  nf  ilu'  town  was  biniH  in 
1117;,  but.  it  wa--  t.i.ce  ret  ;.  t,  with  more  n\.::  nilici  iv.c. 
In  lyii  It  was  lei/.c.l  li'  the  Swedes,  on  |-i.tence  ut 
Its  b.aving  turnillu'd  th.  il- ci  emus  with  jn  vilion-;  nil, 
in  171;,  the  ihii.e  of  Me,  ;.!i  nburi;,  not  b  in>;powtr- 
lul  en  -U'ih  lo  dtiend  it  a.- •.  i/l  ih.  D.ines,  ap,recd  tl  at 
they  lii'iuld  h  ivj  a  j; '.rr-.lon  ,ind  ni.'.i;:t/,iiic  here,  I  iiC 
no  (-one em  wuh  th,  civil  i.',ovei-nm--nt. 

Tiu- univv.ntv,  one  o'   the  bell  and  1  irj;.  Il    inder- 

inany.  wa>  loti:-.d.  d.  m  1  ■,  in,     'i'li.- .  i:v,   ieinp;  at  ha.f 

iliC'i'.i-  -svvrlilh    diik-.-,  chules  iiiii,  o!  th-.' cipjii- en 

[iroicii  t-;  and  i)i:r  of  t:-.ciii  their  Rc-lo'    .Mt-niii  11-, 

V, il  •  a!  j-omt.   tkcir  ille.ttn'j  .  and    li.pei;:i;.nds   iluii- 

tre.iiurv.      l-'or    iIikK- two    i.iikventni  -  ihi^  h:i.   b..  :i 

o:-ic  ot   th-   iiV't't  llourilhiiii;   iinivirlitie--   !n(;,rmar,y. 

'  Th-.- l:ihop  ol  Schwerin   w.is  liv   cluricr,  iiiiile|X'r- 

petual  ciiancell -r,  wh>)dv-putid   one  i  f  I'-.tc i.'.  Il  pio- 

icllors   V  .,e-i  h.i:Ke'iof.     1  he  iitv  i-^   iii->ii!  il  into  tlie 

I)!-!,  \j.N,  a:id  .Miitdle  I'own-,  CiniuJiiE;  of  14  wiilc 

Ion  ::  ilre\!  ,  bctulvs  Im  .u.-,:uid  niin\  ih-'inand  llatciy 

houle  ,      li    bo.iil     (u   K,,:>  ;en-i..;k '.:  ie    tniniv,  ea  h 

I. veil  in   nunn'Ci:   tev,:i  dci  rs  m  .St.  Maiy's  thiir.  h, 

le\en  large  Ibeei-.  cintcii-  ^  in  th-.-  !z:,;it  m.nket-i  laci', 

leven  '-ai.-s,  lc\u)    brioiie--    over    i;k    \\  arna,    lev.  n 

towe;-  .n   tiie  tow-n-hall,  leven  jircit  ii  lis   belofi^>iti<T 

to  th,-  tow  n-ii'.ck-.,  wh.  h  thmie  at  lert.i  11  h.our  ,  :'.t:il 

lo  ^n  \ail  lime  ir^cs  i.T   th.  ir  Cv>rnn-ion  i;  .nl.  a.     The 

ciiict  commodity  ts  beer,  the  lame   as  Icru-.erb  ca  led 

LmIxc  beer,  w-hi.  ■!  li-ey    exi.'ort    in  .',r. at    ijuaniitie; 

oi  1  111,  years   .ij.')  t'e-,    l\i,i  i;o    priviic(i,,ii  |-rewcrs, 

\vl'o'--iev.L  i.  it  Is  tail!,  a'-  rn.iny  thou^.ni.l   ii.^ns  a  \ear, 

bilul.s  wli.it  pii'i  'ti.irpitons    iii-e-."..<i   'or  their  own 

u:e;   lO  that  lii-.' 'itike 01  Mecklen;  tirg's  u  Vi  nue,    Iroiii 

thec.\cile  on  beer,  nnsii  be  gieatciihin  f.om  .til  odier 

artiel  sioji'ditr.     'I'he    river   \\'ai|-i:i   is   r.aviiiibl,-  to 

•'-.e  veiy  \v  ,1!  ;   l-'i'     i.'.;-L:e  thips  coax  n.)   tadia'   than 

\\'.uni.nv>.ndei,  :;  hide  t-.wn,  i.-vui  iii'is  Imw,  ■,  -ivlure 

llie  Swede.s  ;  ':!  1    t'lelr   t.nt.     Tlieeif-    otRoliovkis 

'^ovi -.-ned  by  ^4  a'.;:eime:i.  1.  hoi.  n  !-.  .:-\  \,<c  m  bihi>  , 

iiiayi;li!\,    ar.d  merchants,      l-'our   a;e    bu'i:o;iiallei', 

two  c:..iml'erlains,  an-d  two  ileu.-.rd-,,  nv  !-:-.ilitl''-,  forthc 

river,  to  cleanle  and  take  laic  o;  t'.ie  liav.  n  :'!    War- 

i;em;a-ii:er.     'i'liere    arc    two    ui-:.  ts    t.'  d  lermin-:ill 

cuiL.s  ci\ilur  iratiit.al.     Th.-  .14  .ildc;;r.en  .iii  i  ;iMed 

tlie  upper  h'>uli  .delcrorni.  'dkauii^  rn'.:i'b-,(  oin  ninniv-, 

and  cir.ile  ■  liu    r- ;   l-n,   onniit:   •.'^   e:\tr,i()rd:ii:  i\  ,   a 

I  iwcr-iiouie,  oi  i-r-_  (.ommon-C"-.  in  !lmvn,ch"l,-n  out  01 

the  diiti'er.iii  tr.'.cks,  i-  i'u:jimoncd  to  id-*,  their  opinion. 

S-,.lte  IS  t.im^'U-  t>'r  its  i;.lt  Iprings  md  boilins'.dioules; 

Ribnu/,   is  I'.tLiated  on  .1  hike,  and    h  s  ;i  i-.imni  rv  for 

l.tdte' ,     ot    th.    Kin\  r  .i'    .St.    Cl.'.re;   'scliwin.  on   the 

\\  .trna,  ii..s  .e.c.  I  c.;   ;.il  1m- ,  k-weik  ;  and  Dai  gem 

contains  .i  diic,'  |  .:  ace. 

The  C'l.'  i.-  "1   .Sr  \Rr;.*p  t'     ..:-t:>iiis    New   Hiandcil- 

b.uri.',   ineia;  r.u.  iro  .tcd  011  .'.    l.i.s-..      iiltiuba  di-- 

ptiu  to  ill-.-  ii-!ie:  c  n.-.-.iittee  ot  lii,-  it.-.r. «,  ha   .1  t!i:m-i- 

n:ar-:ciio  ■!,    iwo   ■\i'\'\'.-,  a  liiperitn -ndai.t,    niul     is 

I  iiote.i  t'-r  It    1.   I     t'-..:j.     The  n.  ii?.lil  cu.l'ood   is   ila- 

i;ulailv  pieaiant ;  i-iil    d.e-iiili  dctarits   .'.ic  ad  iciirrk  ■ 

i  ai).v  health'.,  th  .'.  a  Ib-.m 'cr  iiaL^h:  b,  induced  to  think 

I  til,-',  ii.i-1    u-Kii.:riv.  Mtiv  puiiue.l.   with   p:i--.-at    ib.-:ttiels 

\  :,.e  .1  .VI,  e  ;  ivcn  !-■  trn.  t  'hci'.vin;;  cxptetl.vc  lau>- ; 

I       T'  d  and  1  e  itr.i'.g:   i-.v  t' -i!  t!;  -  llict  id  nctvts 
'.I'.-.'.  la:-ji.  ..nd  "  iia  a  ino-.e  c  n.i  ..i";,d  ti,nc. 
'I  he  i^K-'.n  I  ---i.e    .11.-  bv  t..il  mIkI'.M. 
AI   I-'  .\'ci,  ..i.il  l:ii-.:;!l,-'il ;  t:-.e  \  '.pid  c    Id; 
l..--;|".-ii  d,  and  :il'  t.i.;  i.itK  'ta-  ol  the  bluud. 
C'<ine,   i.iv  io::'.p.i.-ii.  1--,  y    -vv.m  t.  c- the  chart'as 
Dl  n.itiirc  a..d  ll.e  veai,  ciiit,   iii  i.-  Itr:'.y 
W  I  ere  cliaiice  "r  i.iiicy  l-a:!-  o-iir  nvui     w,;l^  ; 
<'"ii;e,  whil    the  1  i:  v  jIi.im  ...  1,    ;i(c/  s  i.m 
'liielliecv  heaven  ,  cn.^  r.ij)  ih.  lai'bs  in  b;tlni, 
And  llu'd  a  chutuinj,  b.n  u  m-  '.'.rihe  loiil. 
Nia  w,i-.-n  In  it' hi  winter  Ins  witli  I'ti-  kly  troll 
111-,  \  i;f"r>ius  iciliei.  111  iii.m  vily '.' .irinth 
liidulg;  .1;  lean.-,  no:- c'lii  wh.  n  l-'.uru  .  bl.il'is 
Till,  way  un,l  that,   i.oavcib  e  i  he  l.ib'mi^  W'>i  d' 

My 


N.  .1.,  wl 
Tiie  I' 


N  m:i 

Si.  |..hi- 
.doc'il 

Wl 

b.  I'cee  1 

iiiei,  .I'll 
il  <■'  idpi 
..ut  ot  dl 

I      u    ,,   b, 

and  ;is 
•  ■I    1  .n   c 
Jl.;,- 
t!i   ,- 
^ '  ■  I  1 1  ■  ;  I ; 
.1    .\i 
I  lie  I  le.il 
1   >.e;..l 
th-.-  S.u- 

lilliiv    I 

o:v-  o! 

«  .  ,  111 
l':neidi 
novi,-,  I. .11 
pi  ci- 
:l'.d  .111 
ll-Mcd  n 
ti'i  I  ill  ai 

it   I :.",', 
b    1 

ivIlb.U'- 


RAIiTV. 

iDU'i  vv;ii  IniriH  in 

iu)u  m.'.vnilicitHf. 

s,   ■•!>    I  i.Uiltt:   ut 

nil  j  r  viiion  ;  in!, 
I,,  nut  ii  lilt;  [jowcr- 
Ihiu^,  ;iy,!i'al  that 
1. ",;:•./.. IK  i'trc-,  i  i.t 
III. 

:  •;  I'.rgvU   in  (Icr- 
.  ::>',    i  cinp;  at  lull' 

1.!'.    o!  tlv.-  tlQ,lll',  fll 

i\^' :i'r  M.V'iiili  11^, 
lup>.-ii!i;^  luls  lluii 
u.i  ■■  i!ii'  b:i.  \'.:  :i 
iii'.ic  .  ID  ( i.  rnimy. 
cli  \r;ir,  in  iilc  |x-i'- 
if  I  f  r,t  fl.I  Ii  piii- 
1^   ilivu!  il  iiuo  il'.e 

I  111  Jil;^  of  14  Willi! 

iii>  tii"i^i:ini|  ll.Uc!v 

f    iniiv.v-,  t:i  Ii 

^;.  M:ii  \  's  thu' ,  li, 

t;:. :'.!  nt.iii\i.t-j  l.u'i', 

V    W  .liil;i,     Ii-. .  :i 

rt,.t  I)  lis   licioiit'iMr; 

:il  '  iTta  1)  hour  ,  :;t!i.l 

ill. .111     O   .1(1.   I!.         Till' 

If  as  l('i'.!u-rl\  l:i  It'll 
in  .'J-.:'.!  iu;:i:ililic  ; 
■)  ii;;\i!f.'.il  I  rcwii'i, 
IkhiviiiI  ii-ii";  :i  \  tar, 
'!c.'. .>!  'or  liiL'ir  ow  11 
;  '.irg'-i  li  vi  inn-,  ii.iin 
1  ih  111  t.niii  ail  niher 
aina  is  navigabk'  10 
omc  111)  tii'liw  tli an 

I  n    lli'v  ^  I'lWi  ',    aIi,  i\- 

l-.i'  ci:-    ot  Rcli.uk  iv 

t  n    :■•    .;'l    I  ,H'    111  li|lll>  , 

ir  au-  liir'^o;iialti.-f, 
:im':-,  or  i-ailitVs  t'ortlic 
li  tiic  liav.  n  ■■'■'1  War- 
!.  t-s  ti'  li  UTiiiin  ■  all 
'.4  alili;  ir.cii  aii  i  a'lcii 
11^  lii'.a  lv,i  oin  m:  iiiiv, 
I ;  •'i  t\traoril;ii:.i\  ,  a 
:;i-ilnirn,t  !i"l.n  onto; 
1  10  i',i\,  ilu'ir  opinion. 
g,s  iiiii  iHiilini'.-lioiiffs; 
irsil  I;  s  a  r.iiniii  rv  for 
!ari';  ^liiwin.  on  the 
.-ivi'iiv  ;  aiul  I)aH::^cni 

;it:>i"iv  N'l'w  Hianiiui- 
].\h: .  Ii  :t  ill! ,  a  iK'- 
ii,-  tl  ■.'.  s  !'••>  ■•  'J'-  'ii".- 
pcrint-iuLiMt,  ..ml  is 
1  iglil  f  UiI'och!  i;  i';i- 
i:t.iiits  .'.;(■  a, I  11  iiii'k 
Ii;  Iv  iniliii'iil  to  ii'ink 
V.  all  cjvai  I'K'.tr.cK. 
:  ixML-ifiVc  liiu'' : 

;  •  tl.ici  ii!  nctvi  s 
I.  11. 1  ..ruj  ti^nc. 
;,.l.>l.i'.:, 

\:.p..l  I     Id 

u:  liiv  Iv.uo,!. 
.'.M  1. 1.'  till-  charms 
.  !m  I.'  llri'.v 
I  \ir  ri\  hv'  \val'<  ; 
•  ■1,    ;  U  L/   ^  t.ui 
li.  liii'l's  HI  lialm, 
■  ..'. r  i!.c  I'liul. 
v.'Ui  pri'  klv  trol! 
vilv  \'  .irinili 
1. 11  I'.iii  II .  liLifi . 
il.i.  l..b'ilii^  \w  iI- 


EfRorr.] 


r,  i;  R  M  A  N     r,  M  1'  I  R  F,. 


75t 


M/ 


M,-  h!)Cial  walk'-.  I'v.' Mvhcn  tlu'  (kic;  ^n  rain 
Or  Uyp  rclcni,  no  Kaliiii  ih  'uKl  toiifmi-, 
Or  t.iil'.e  cl.alU'r'il  ^allciv,  ui  ai\aik-. 
Cii)  (.liiuli  i!k-  nior,ii!:iii".;  from  ilic  xilicri.il  foiinc 
Inili  be  llii;  rcci.iu  ^\:\l  .  t!ic  ihiarhii  morn 
l{^•am^  o'l.-  the  h.ll-.;  i^o  mtHint  ill'  I'.Miliiiij';  (]iid: 
Ah  .ad\,  I'l-i',  ih    iici.'|i-ni.HUliM  JK-a^lis  c.ittli 
'I  lu-  lainii-d  mazf-;  .mil.  on  la.'Cr  (port 
liii.  Ml,  Willi  i-im.loii.s  im;i:i;K;i.  ■  U",- 
I'.uli  ili-Hili  111  tra^c.     ()i  il.jiiohl  1  iiri.y 
l)clii';'ii  »nim  .u',  go  ili.'.t.  ill  ■  ilflp'i.iU  il-vr, 
Aiul  tiiu)'  II'  'Ii-  p  II  l-liiuJ  s  ...vakc 
'1  lit;  vocal  'or.  ;i  s\iili  li;c  '  '\i.il  lioni. 

W'c'ci.o'.ii  '  i-  t'v  piincijial  plaic  in  a  I',  ml-  tvrritory, 
c.-.llcil  I'om  -1,  the  inhaiiitani^  ot  wliuli  aic  Ioiik'  ot'  ilic 
niiill  li\ima;i.'  ar.il  li.r.cvuLiit  ul  liuuaii  bi-iiij],'!,  ami 
p:.Llic.  chanty  without  c-llcniation. 

Cii  irity,  ilci.-;it,  moilcll,  Oi.ly,  kiiul, 

S(.(i  11,  the  liiiih,  tinil  rc.ir.s  ili.  :ihii,->  miml; 

Kiious  V, itli  jull  reins  aiul  |^'  mlc  liai.'l  to  p^iiki'.-, 

II  twixr  v'lc  ihaiiT:  ami  arhitr.'.rv  pride. 

Nor  fo m  provok'd,  l!ic  iMliU  t'oigivc^; 

A  ..'  r.,v.cU  llic  r,..icrs,  a'-  (l).'  iniicli  hflh  vc  ; 

!■   I    ;>'  I  c  llic  In'iiig';,  V, lie- c'W-;  llic  .11  rives; 

^■;  ,  'i;'.:ld    our  ii'ii,  I,  :'.s  Ihc- lo'iii.  1)111  live  ; 

]  .,-.stlu'  iMii_L;h  |;..tii<;orpi;c'\  iili  na. lire  even, 

A;'d  op  '!    in  I'.i.  Ii  he  .ri  ,t  little  heav.ii. 

|-.;;(.h  01 1'lT  ^v.t  whi,  li  ( ioil  nn  man  hcll.'Ws, 
(  I  ^  jirop^r  hoi;!i.!,  and  I'.'.c  lellnc^ioii  kiiows; 
'1 .1  •  .11"  'ly  pMrjMle  d.dica'c.  it    po\v..'r, 
Ai.  i,  liiii'liiiig  its -.i."!-,  e\il'^  no  ni'iiv. 
'I'hii',  ill  .ilu'dieii'  e  t.i  v.hat  hcav\n  decree-, 
Kaov, li  ig/  lliall  tail,  and  proph.-i  y  ll'.ill  ceall; 
Hut  iartir.ij;  clurity's  more  anipl--  Iway, 
Tviiir  bound  bv  li.iie,  no;  uil  'cc't  to  dec.iy, 
A;i  ha[)p',   iriump'i  lli.dl  'or  ever  live. 
And  endicl'  lood  dilluli.',  and  endlels  i)r.iile  receive. 

Str^lit/  e,!ves  name  to  a  branch  of  the  ducal  laniib  , 
niid  is  fiuuUt  d  .u'.ioni^  niailhc-.  li  eoiilills  oi  Old  and 
N.  A,  which  llaiul  at  a  mall  dilLmce  iioni  each  oil  er. 
The  priiic  '^  palicc,  uhicli  i'.  .u  tlv'  latt  r.  i--  adorn  d 
with  jiie.iuint  >_',,uilen'',  aivl  has  a  veiy  elcg;'.nl  ap;  e.ii- 
:ui  c. 

Ninai  '  "as  ancimib  a  comiiiandci'v  '  ftlie  order  o: 
St.johi',  iail  ;■- iiovv  .1  i),iihu  :ck  ;  and  Miio  loiu.'.in  :. 
xluc  1.1  ka' . 

\\  1  i;:!'-  ilnr  ;  a'.iviiv;  luv-  fiii  a  bav  ol'  the  R.i!  '.'. 
b.t'seei  R'lilo'.l.  .livl  Lshec,  i^  miles  vv,  |[  ot' the  for- 
mer, .ind  rail  o!  the  latter,  and  ;;  well  ol  Stralund. 
it  is  fuppoied  to  hav>'  1  c -n  bi.iit  1  \  lie  1  it''  eeinw'  , 
out  ot  ill.  r'iiii-  I'l  Meckl''.ibi;  ■'.;;  for  b..,ine  ifiim'-cr, 
I  w  :.  bin'ht  I  i  !.!<)'.,  'lid  r  buill  h  \n,l!oiiie'\  ot  ib.iie; 
and  iis  i^-),c:  ".ii  lu  1110 '.ll.i!  :ii  I'.'",  upon  (lie  I  I  III 
111  r.in  e>  ;  ;  1  t'lMt  tl  lom  be  auie  1  i'.e  of  I'ac  clia; 
M  ins-'rM.i.n  .  iiojii  1'  t  Tl  iK.!,  a:'d  tlieliu!."  i-r 
ih.ir  111. -.1  o!  V,  ar.  It  w.is  i.iiveii  bv  i'.e  brpe:!;!  t' 
('•I  i"  ;  llic  civ.l  ...11  i:,  i"e'i-,  I'uriet'k  ii  by  the  di.  r 
il  \i  -.!  :.'  'It  ',,  iiid  ti' ■  S.ve.ie,  ;n  ii!;i,  and  I' 
the  iic.uv  of  .Mutiii.r  I'jvvii  I  1  ll'.el.tter.  Ii  ha  be.  ti 
1  i.er.dti  :  es  til  11  bv  li  e  l).l;ies,  bo.:  a^.iiii  nli-  r  dl  1 
ilee  Sac  ic^.  bs  ir.ija/.'ties  '.Vi. :e  blou  11  up  b\  h^lu  • 
Mi'iv  1,1  i(.i|.-\  .roll  !■:  ilie  ne'.'.  cii'.  ilerirov.-d,  wtli 
on.-  ot  li'.,  tiew  ■  aics;  tlie  a;l"  nal,  i  hureh^s,  ..ivl  h  -u'.''. 
d-i;i'.a;j;ed  ;  an!  I'la.iy  j  e  >p  e  kil'ed  and  wouiidn.1.  It 
«  .  ,  111  ill,  lelir"  d  by  ti'e  D.'.iie  ;  and,  in  i-i", 
b  I'leidtU'l  I-'  iheai.e  ,  Dines  IJr.uiik  ill  iii'i'ers,  Ha- 
noveii.,11  .,  S,,\  ins,  r.nd  Rufiia"s,  \>.  i'o  iound  i.i  it  ;  •. 
|ii  cc  .  t  c.iii'ioti,  a -v.!!!  c|u.'.ntity  ot  bombs,  <;  enadoi  •■, 
a'.d  airr.u:,,!  .11,1.  11. a  iiv.i,  \-\  .icati  in  y.'o,  ■■'  - 
li  'leil  to  theSwide-,  on  C'Midilii.a  t!a!  the  vl's  iiid 
joiiili  aliens  Ihould  Lie  deiuohllicd;  .uid  in  luch '.lue 
it  iiO'A  reniaiii  . 

It  is  here  proper  t.iobl'erve,  that  the  hoiife  of  Me- k- 
ktibure,  is  diMded  into  two  braiieheb,  Scluvt.iii  and 


Siiclii/..  'I  he  latt  r  coinnvnrcd  uitli  duke  Adolpliiis 
I'lediriik  II.  \  ninsj,er  brother  of  the  ihikc  of  .Sciiwe- 
rin,  and  snamtlather  of  the  prtl'ent  duke  oi  .Sirelit/., 
Frederick  IV.  who  wis  born  May  the  r,th,  \j-[',  ami 
iui  I  eedeil  to  tiie  i;overnment  Dec.  11,17^1.  He  w.as 
made  a  knijjlit  of  tlie  irarier  in  i7''4;  an.lh^ilii\e 
brothers  and  two  lillers;  the  yooniTcT  of  the  latter  be- 
in;^  our  {:;racious  loveivigii  Sophia  (.'liul'.tle,  wlio  was 
bom  M'.y  "1,  1744;  and  ni"'ied  the  .SMi  oi  .S.-picm- 
ber,  1  7()i ,  to  his  piefeiii  majelly,  (ie...r:.-:<' III.  kitu',  of 
(ireat  Uiitaiii,  ^e.  As  lier  mn  lb  '■;  lliiim'T  virtues 
h.iv.  i-mle.ued  her  to  the  Uritilli  iiiiaei,  we  think  it 
liceell;ir\'  li.-re  to  nivc  a  I'mall  Iji  ciii-eii  m  her  liier.iry 
.aeomiikninient  ,  fir  whi  h  llie  i^  ...  remarkable  as 
I  for  her  other  ami'able  qualities.  'J'he  iollowin^  i  legant 
;  cpill!.-  wa-  written  by  her  to  llie  late  king  ot  I'riTfTia, 
du:'in;j,  the  w.ir  in  (ieiman\,  and  has  be.  n  eiiiialK  ad- 
inir.  d  lor  ill  luan.mitv  ot  the  I'eiitin. ems,  e.nd  elegance 
ol  the  diclion, 

"  May  it  pbal'c  j-mir  M.aif.stv. 

"  I  AM  at  a  loi's,  v  hetlier  1  lliou'd  congratula.te,  or 
C'ltidile  with  \oii,  on  \our  late  victory;  lincc  the  lame 
Inc.  els,  which  hath  covered  you  with  .'.'lurcls,  has  over- 
ipieud  the  country  ol  Mecklenburg  with  d.  I'lla.tii  11.  I 
.know,  Sir,',  tiiai  it  I'eems  utiberoir.ing  my  \-\,  hi  ihi; 
age  it  vicioii .  retin.  iiietil,  to  f  el  I'lr  one'-  count:  v  , 
to  l.i.iieiii  the  horn  rs  of  war,  or  wifli  for  the  return  ol' 
'.'caic.  I  know  \oii  may  ilrnk  11  more  piopcrly  my 
pro'iiiice  ti  lliidy  tiieait.  ol'  j.l.i.lin'!,  or  to  iiilpjet: 
iubjeets  ot  a  niore  domi  Ibc  uatuie.  liui  however  iin- 
beconiing  i;  may  be  in  tie-,  1  .1:111  >:  refill  the  delire  of 
intern  ding  f  r  this  11  th.appy  peo|  Iv. 

"  It  was  but  afcw  'eir.sago,  taudi's  territory  v.oro 
the  nv  ll  pi- :liiig  '.;';p' -nan.  e ;  du  lotiurry  w,.s  culti- 
va;ed,  tiie  p.al.i  '  ■  k  d.  cli-.'.i|ul,  .u' !  the  toAiis 
.iboiiiided  1  itli  lich.s  -.lid  I'iIa-iiv.  W  .'.i  aa  al:  -la- 
jtioii,  at  pr  kill,  'ii'iii '.o  cli  iri'. an;  a  rcetie!  I  .'in  .ot 
e^jxat  a.i  il  .ciipiioii  i.or  i  an  e.v  I'licy  -id  I  ai"  i.or- 
r  as  to  t'  e  |a  i.a.  ;  but  biieiy  t-v  11  conquerors  tl:Ciii- 
t.  Ives  wo.ikl  Wtcp  at  i.,e  liiueuu-  j foipcOis  ivi'.v  be  ore 
ni.l 

"  Th.  'vvhole  countrv  (my  dear  couup  !"■   li,     onu 

i  !ri;_lu'ul  ivalle,  ''lel'iv  ivj;  onb,  o:  i-e's  to  i  xcire  terror, 

I       IV,   and  iklp.iir.      TIi-   r,u;i.'el    ol    tiie   halbe  .iiii.in 

and  th    111  ph  id    ,'re   ouite  d.!     ii.iiv.ied..     'I"l  e   ImiI'- 

baiiiiiii.  n  and    tl;.-  iliejli  :d  '.'.r.'  l>  e    11c  bd   i.r    ihiu- 

f  I'.e',  ind  help  to  r.'.i.i  ,e   tlv  I'l'il  the\    lorni-'-b   ciilti- 

va.d.     The    towtis  .ue   inli.'.'iiud     nly   b\    old  .iicn, 

v.iHiK  a,  and  cluldren;   perhaps   here   .ind  there  a  wai'- 

lio:-,  le.    wounds  ,1.-   lo!    ot  limbs  n-udered   untit    for 

le;  vc  ,  1  It  .it  las  d   .ir :  hi    li.tl.'  chiklreii  iiaiig  around, 

I'v  .111      ;ioyol'i-,    IV  wound,  aiul   j-i-iw    them.eb.es 

j  !    il    I-  b    "f   tli.v   ;.:','.;  'be.ae  il    or    tiie  fie!.!,      i'lit 

I  lb  s  w  le   iiolMii;.',,   '.Ill   vxC  n    I    i.    1  the  eltciii  te  inlo- 

I  !  live  I'l  eit    :;■   .aiii'  ,    '.s  it  li:,,  p.-.  ^   t.'  ad\aiice  or  le- 

li     1  ill  pi.ifuiii,   tlie  op.cr.itio.  ~  o  diei  :uiipaieais.     It  ii 

.  a^po.sb.    I  >e\pi\bl''.  V    Hill!  ■ 'n  w  '  ic'i    v.  11  tliole  who 

.  .  r  th  iii:elv.     ,,i:r   iricnds  e;  r.v.      I. .en   t  lofe  tVotu 

w.oiii  I,.-    le'    'If  c\;  CM   rcdii' '■,  op;. pis    us  with  new 

1  ..l.ieiiiiie  .      bioni    >.ou:     am     ,    t.ir.or',   it   i-  ih.ic 

vvec-pvii  lehil.     'I'o   \.ii  vveiwoinea   and  children 

ni'.v  c  nipliin.  w!  ok  liuanniiy  ibiop     to  the  me-.meli; 

pat:  ion,  :,i  d  i\li  le  ji  ,wer  i'.  i  apable  ol   repirelling  ilie 

„ie  it-ti  I'l  -Ilia  e." 

:\j  die  ab  ive  -|'i'Ile  li   •  bc.-n  elc'  'ui  b  iiaraphi'a.i'ed, 
\>e  lub-en  I  lee.e  01  th--   p.incipal  line-  il  the   poetical 


I 


\\  1  III  .!',  eoiiqudl  U'.its  vou  on  the  tlirone  ol'fatiie, 
.And  maili  il  d-ed-  ini'ivait  di/"  vmir  name; 
Ol  biaailh'd  ar:;,-.  ","i,!'.  gloiv  br's-Jitb  I-eams, 
.'Mid  de  d-  >  Kt  -rioe.  i'l!  the  to!,!;   r's  dlvin-; 
■;  ..mb.ing  1  view,  Ir  111  wiicnce  the  g!^:')  ipiings, 
O:  kina.dike  lieoies  or  ol  I'ero-I.iiig- : 
.Sho.  k'd  I  behold  liie  iouice  whc  i;e  d.iri  thole  rays 
Which  lliitie  on  vic'iors,  and  round  co'iq'ivr'-.  bla-/c. 

i  lenci; 


:  ■?■ 
'/  ill 


7;a      a  new,  royal,  a-.d  ArTFir.Niic  -YsirAr  oi  rxivrRs \L  rri)', 


RAPiir. 


m 


vi 


Ml 


0: 


1^  T:^ 


Honcc  I'm  iniKiibt,  wU.U-  [i-impicil  to  i  ai^.' 
My  ui;ik  uti.i^  on  ymir  late  lu'ct!^, 
\V  hclhi  r  V  on'ji".itiil.ili('ns  to  i if  low, 


Or 


ni'.li  to  it.ir-.  :'iul  Iwc'ltlu  lircini   )l  woe 


I'or  .ill  iiiolf  l:iiiifl>  ttiiicli  voiir  Ijho'as  ciit"'i 


Ciusvii  \i.tir  Uiviiis.  am 


I   i>Kl 


VGUr  tiJIUHK' 


ll- 11-, 


M 


lant  :;s  ini!i!Oii,;l  tiopiiie  to  adoin, 


AV'crc  tViirn  my  touniry'^  hkciliiit;  hoWiU  torn; 
^V  liiic,  1:1  wli  il'b  tiuly  tiiavc,  niul  prcntly  UIJ, 
You  OiilllriM  lu-roi";  digiiilvM  oloKI, 


iiUM  I'.',,  .1  I'lcv  toariiv 


My  n.iirvc  Mickl 

!>-  (.Ifloiiicii  ot  Ikt  krtik'  (harms: 

Nomorelicf  pl.iiiiN  their  plintcoui  vcruuic  vIlIJ, 

No  !oi\i',cr  Cv!!.-.  (V\k>  lilt  happv  (i.lj; 

No'.iniig  is  km,  f'V  h  ant,  wiiiixVr  \\-  go, 

But  tciiics  ot  liorror,  aiul  the  ligns  ot  wi.t'. 

I  kr.ow,  irrcat  Site,  a  patriotic  tln:nc. 
In  mv  wiak  li.x  n<av  iinb^coniinn  ic.m- 
For,  man  ag>-  'o  vicioullv  r.fuiM, 
By  tolly  l.'il,  .iikI  to  cai'iitc  rcl!j>,nM, 
t'.'ri'..i]^s  vou  il'.rm  lli^  \cry  ni-,;/  ot  ,ii-,n 
riu' tlioiigiits  ot' rap'nc,  ard  ti'      .     a'  ■  :    , 
(V  (l.ii.glutT,   liy  coi;. 'Miliiif;  .11    i.-    •   .  ;• 
O:  Ix.rn  (liM  I'.vou!^  lor  111  •rial  w      -i;  ; 
O;' iivoiMniii,; 'Auloiv-,  ami  ..t' !     i\li   -'.••.  . 
Or'  hurn'.r.g  to'Ans,  ami  dcloi.it:  ,1  |,i..  -  ,  . 
IVriiap-  yen  dt\in  t'licli  tiu)u^lit«  unlit  for  liioll, 
^^  h.<  li-.ou'd  til,  ,r  mind^  to  lotur  llKnK•^  loiiipui't ; 
A\  ho  ou..'!it  ;.)  ll'.idy  onK  li..,\  to  plcalV, 
And  toiiii  tlie  prol'i'cot  i  t"  i!  111,  iIk  calf  ; 
T'  mi'p  VI  ■•  i:h  car-.'  '.In.'  li..i:r..!i  to  charm, 
An.i  point  till.-  1  fV  '""■'';"-'  ^'•■t-'ii  thtircstlav  arm; 
'1      ..i.u-tilc  1  r.i'c-  ,   1-y  -.rt  I  >  iuolv  1'.  rcnc; 
•-  .' .ii  i.'f '..c.  .lii ,  an.i  uin:;ii     ■  t  mien  ; 
'i  o  i  ,K  i.'.ni  i  i*i>  in  all  I'a.'    1.  ilv  v. 1:1, 
'i  11'.-  ..[  p;i..i',.,i   n  ot  llu  v.,;;l,l  :.•  izain, 
lltiio't.   iiv  1 .  c-L-.  aiL  aits  1 'v..ni  ;l.s  :ii, 
VV'iio  llio  ,M  ii.>  iMJKr  l"i.i;t;:r.^n;s  adm:\ 
I  .r.ult  t;;r .  1H.1  tranigrel''-,  and,  unt;j;;ii,.'d, 
*  >'  A  V  tilt-  J:>  ia:fs  lit  a  let  lii.g  inir.i ; 
I  ;i.ull,  by  ioi;  liiinianiiy  iiupir'd, 
I'.  Nj'ieis  tlic  tli.'iij^iits  irom  ll)"c-.i:  aRciv.    ;u  quir'd. 
W  I'ii  triiil  .  oKMt  Sire,  p^Tunt  r:.  ;.,)  u:i:    !■! 

W'l.at  I'v.  b'ii.  1.1 all'  — All, It  I  ycl  i.c  ■^,ld  ; 

And  uitile  tl;i-ni!i\c5  i.f  ni\  ■.uLin.tiy  bice'. 
I  ■  :  t'lo  uiili.'.p;  y  lit  m:  inl   u  ^dc. 
A  :cvv  )i.ar    r.i.,.,in  Nk-L'cif.-.bui.;'- do:r,nin, 
I' .1.1  ili;"."v  .nn.'di.n  c\ 'rv  tirlili.  [ilain  ; 
I  ••■   I'l  u  1,;  \ .  a:    IfitncK   ilc'd  ..wav, 
1  .  I  ■..i.^  (i  ic-  liii.t:i:i,  a: id  il.'j  l'iovi.'    v.c  •  vt  : 
Nil.  !r.\  d.,,ir  ii'unny,   f  Iri    (he  u  ii  w;,!  i,,)  •,) 
N  'V,  mv  tl  .;i  I  oi.n'.iy  i    a  u.i;.   o!  svo-j  : 
1  )•-•,;.•[  ,.,  .-.i-.n  ni.ki.'  a  ti     1.;  u\  vc:,l; 

'I  he-  j.  .       .  [  ll;.    ,    VI    1!.  \,,if',  1-  dcl'tHA 'd, 

I  I'tn  te  ■      ir  1  ai;  I  w,il  m;  acl.in^  .\i  . 
Ar.  ;  a!,  '.ill  ioi    '1.  (he  war  ari;    ; 
I  n.  d.  V  :.  •,.  n    1.1  '.hi  n.artrd  tra;:.. 
\\  il.i  li;t..ni.ii^  go:.   .111  pur  pi.-  c\  'ly  Ji.  .1."  , 
'A'.di  VAilvj  i  I  i.il  liic  liicni  ri-.CT'  ll  ,.., 
Ap.di  on  ;:.:  .r  ii  I  nl^  lli. aniii);.;  piaplc  (hi' '.  ; 
V.  n;le  iiiiu  camp-  ih-  tcri.K  Ir  Id,',  are  ni  .de. 
Aid  t;l  .L^;in  \w)  »!■- 1  an  (i  aric  I'loni  danger  li.  i  :•.  ; 
A\  ujds  \\'..t".\-  le'ii.elUi'd  f'uiiiiir    .limle, 
An'l  d:e  c.^li  in  lUi  nt  \s;,ile  from  di  r.di  I'l.  v  inde; 
y.  lij  v,,ir.ii  ill.,,'  t'.w,  CI  tl'i,,j'  lellcHion  '.'.ceji, 
Ar.d  ll.,:-,  .X    ,i:;U.i  Ipiri!    liorio.v  lie  p  ; 
\V  :-ui  ■  iv.e;  d  a'a  i-,  i  ir  .1  tn.iiblid  du/    ; 
\\  ho  i!  u;-.  t'.iuMie  lur  ^  ,  "i'    Im.dl  r.  p,  ■' 
A  funnh' ;  b;    ■,  peil,.ij,  ,  l.is  1:1,  i-.  c^,., 
Al.d  '(/i  :n;..!    n.  ,,  0  lli    m   ;j     ,■  ,  i;,.    • 


N  '  iientlc  IlK'ihi.ul 


ic!id    Ins  (hccv 


I  .tr; 


I5.  rli  II. ill  the  war,  and  111  ilie  liniroi.  i!,.-in' 
Anil  lolilicT 


>  iiii.wn,  a  li'.irv^c  revti!e  ot 


lua'e. 


D.lirov  ih  .|(   tield>  ti;.  V  u-\l  to  ml 

W  til  an>;u.i}i  d  .ig.  ,  ilie  aomci  (it  an,!  wad, 

A-  lear  tor  I, ..(hand-  or  1  -r  I 


n    I  ie\.iil 
'■l'-  a  wariior  iiercand  tiieic  i-,  (iiiin 


1' 

I)  iMu'd  ihelieid  I 


()-,  i 


y  many  a  lanMnu'  wound; 


P  :A'd  th 


y  llie  I,)!n  01  mr.l-s.   not  want  ot  will. 


1! 


the  uie  of  Lina-inaiv  (kdl. 
■und  Inni  ihe  ciirioii^  pradni^  clnldrcn  Twarm. 


The  tamri.i 


J,  Ml  .|!iei,    H   ;.!)    1.,     .\pn 


Rep'iie':  .sii:i  ii  ii-,and  lupi-lie,!!,..  ti.:  ;... 
The  tiie,   uii.dilel.j  leii.  >(■  di  ,r  Aoe, 
Can  ..niy  an;.\,  r  wiUi  .i  luiiv  /I  ..,  , 
And  Willi,' Ins  (iknr  lorro.'.b' j^ikI  e.\-  ;  I  , 
In  i\.\le  li:->  ijwn,  l)y  Ili.uiiiH,  ilieir  dnL,.  T  . 
Tiiu   wi.-:^'d  by  ;ea:-,  n  )  lr.:(!)  .ndiiian  lemiin;, 
By  Luliivation  tur.tlore  theijUm.; 


in<;,.n  In   tongue,  ami,  as  I.e  l|.e,'ks,  I'l-ow  warn: ; 

I  V  i,anvl  the  imlVy  ot  c.icii  aciiin^  wound  ; 
1>  v.j'.ir  tsuh  w.id.  a-'d  catc!;  ;ht'ni..r:;al  i.innd; 
A.d  ul.ile  th.-  iMd:-  •  r\^:.\y  recites 
T.  e  ra.^    ot'  I  arile,  .Tnd  the  blood  01  lii^'ts; 
Til-'  llve.i   ion  i  nei^innj;,  and  the  dar  I.  o;  arm,; 
Tl-.e  ninii  lin<j.drui-.', ::;,.:  beat-  to  «ai'-  alaim-.; 
The  clan.. 'ring  tn.nipit,  an, I  ilieia.i.i  a's  id.t; 
Til,'  ilMii.'  ofoan  ,  and  ;,  Ids  ,m  licair.in.'  .    ,,^, 
T  iie  liilc  .iuJitor-  erect  11, ei.  erelts, 
W'W'if  a  new  a:   our  I. res  ili.-ir  youilif'ii!  briall  . 
T.>  you.  ^rit  .S  .S-,  we  i!,tTeh;re  nrik.  app.  al, 
\^  h'/e  lui'.i.e  imiy  v.,n  cm  lulVrnn^    li.al: 

II  'in  \i.L  ,ii.,i',-'.  u,i  j.SiK,   We  iiopereuel; 
'I  e;  y>.,ii  .  .i;.pa(li'.,:i  nuili  ..!iu,i:;e  (,ur  lusa": 
loywucVn  lielp.leS '.cMi.de-  m,i.  c  iii[il.iiii, 
Niirlled  iheir  leais,  nor  plead  liiei.  i  u.le  111  \aln; 
Andti..m,  ling  ba'.c-,  witii  tender  I  ,  ,k  ,  im|  l.)ie 
T::e  r"\al  hand  10  ..ip.  n  mer,  y'-  dom. 
I'M''!,   :\h  le  k.nii  liuniam  y  lio 'ps  ih.ja  n. 
To  ll-,;,  hi  the  piaiai.i  un',1'  rne  ah  lie  ..luun; 
T'g'i.rd  th,  nean.li,   e.h.i  tor  iii.ii.  e  |v\.r, 
And  g'\e  ;he  Ir.in.ldi  l(  I'uj  pheant  rediel's; 
I  o  vi  ,.  ..iji  .'lion  (jxeds  with  tearful  oe. 
Who!  ■  io,.er  ithcves,  and  bids  ir,;uilice  (ly. 

H.Avr.iTc,  an  imperial  uty,  th,  £;rcaicfl miporiufn 

otCi  imaiiN,  and  ihe  l,,,.nd  i'.\  ihi  I  l,.n.- Town-.  lia:,tls 

I'll  ill'' n' idi  li'Je  i.'t  :!■.    1'.  tc.   ^;;i,|,  s  noil'  .wrd  dt 

Luneni'uij:.  and  41(1  n'.i-iii-well  i>f  Vienr.i;  (■:•,!  h)i;(.. 

lOiki^.   11  iiaii.   ;,!'.   ;  ;  de,.%  4  !   n;i;i.      Iiu\\e    hiroii- 

^',  n  10  Ciiarlema-i.e,  vvl;,',  to.';.'!    tie  pru^'', '- 1 1  die 

n  'rihcrn  S,  1  .\    n,.;;-,.,   In'.ii  t,,..  f   ..-  u.i  ihe  l.lb'.mc 

o;  ihem  at  v  i-  pl.ie.,  ;'.:.d  cm.-,  d  .1  '  '.mJi,   ili,.    enlv 

"liC  ;::  ll.nib'.::;-,   toi  ..b  \e    ;.i.:'  Ma's.      !i    w:i,   (iril. 

deil.ued   a    !:■  e  ar.d  ni.;ependi.  nt  >iiyin  1 ;  .0.     'I'.e 

em, .'CIO.    M  Lxini  I1..1:,   hi    the    di  I    li    .Aiiehn.r;.;,    in 

.5:0,  d.i!.;iid. .[  ;ce  i:id  imp.iial.     S;n.i  i'l,.a  t  "li,   d 

ha-  biMi  inv  red  ■'.:;h  li  Vi'it :nn  pe)W,r  wii';  11  \l<^  own 

li;il!d:e!,  ,11.      In    1  ,_,i  .r  '.v..-  Uirnn  ..-i.d  to  th.edi.;  -t 

thetmpir.  ;   tlK.i.^ii,   ;...  I.o;!.   IXiim  i:k  an.l  I  K.id'.i:! 

proteiltd  ,gain:l  .i,  dit  Handvn.^licis  h.ave  n  t  vet  m- 

,.,yed  if;e  >■  .;.it  .,1  li''.i;i.j;  .u.d  votin;;  theie.     (i.c.u  p-i- 

v,:._c    ha.e,  l-.i,,.\e\er,    iircn  mimed  1  i'  'n  f y  le^ei.il 

liiipLfor-;  .s:,.:,  fr    lii  ir   k.ep'n.;   a   he.lr.-ii  i.i      .a. 

,  1  lei^ola:..  ,  '     .r  (  ..  :.:..i;i  n.  le    Aiiliin  :i.e  let,  ill.  )  .ne 

jj  v.xeu.ed   I  .'in  pv.  in.j,   ;■  |1  ..t   Siade,   m  our    ki:;-.  .as 

>|i,leeioro!    M.i-.. '.   -;   \; t  t!K   kiii;.s  u:    Deir.m.ulN  faee 

I  li'iii;    comp.lir.l    ;»,r,;i    !..'.t_ra!    dii.t,    tu  jL.y    l.ll     at 

I  Uio'klt.idt. 

;|       'I'nc  ii;i;;.:.ija.  i-:;;...-;;  :<  L.i.'.t.n  Swedui  a:..!  Den- 

I  maik  '..led  !•..  I,.,  iii,  >  Met  ,e..uinv  ol  ihi  \  \.u\u  ir_[:''i  :    ; 

i  I'ul,    1:1   1    1:,   'jii   (j.iai.i.n   1,1    t;,e  nc'ii  feili    w.;.,   (;  e 

;'  DaiK- ,  .\lii:( .  ,'.-ii   -,  ..n,,!  .'si,   n  ,  h.ivni;;  then  ;.'nr.s  in 

th'   ne.^il,,...,ih<^  ■  t,  ;-ii;;di   dieii  I' [i.i,.ite  den  .'.ii.',-,  wiia 

lh,-a'-,   .1.    ...I '.■   of    iLt'u'.d;   .Hid   I'.'.y    ..ere  cImsj,!  d  to 

o  mp'-ui,.l  'vviih  !:i.ni   t.,r  \ery  I.L.j,e  fi:  ).■,  d   iiio,.i.y. 

Denmark  h.is   tx     ite.!  mo'iey  I.    ,0   ,1  ;i\  time^   lliKc 

11145.     .'\l.er  tl.,,  it.    e/.:ir  .'1  .Nu.l.'.v  m\  lui;    iiur,-- 

•^.1  li.-n.e  ,di',r  pi.  leiili'.'iii.      In  1  ,  1  -,  li.e  city  u.i    ■.  .ri.d 

b)  a  plu^u. . 

It  15  leu  d  witii  all  p'dii  ie  ..  ',  '.magi  I'lr  ir,'de, 
toreign  and  il  niie  iic,  l.avng  u.,  1  puii  aid  liv.;  .i . 
n  ihiDp,  in  Ijiiup,  e.v  ..ii,e.\  e,  :  ..  .  I'i  a.ne  .  ikliu.  , 
ihe  I'a'je,  winch  tnii.--.  th.  (i  ri.i.iiO  .11  h.i,,  r,:: 
niiabnaijii  hav'a  cli.iiirel  oiu,-,  -dm  die  Tra'.'. ,  t'ttii,; 
Ukc  ol  i  commumwati-^n  .  I'i.  LiJC  and  ihc  IJalte, 

wilh'iui 


I',  a 


I  c;'.  (..irt-; 
iirii  -  ll,;irr-: 
I.  Vtilf  1)1  t.ilc, 

0  I  iiliiNau'. 

'1  l:t  and  w.iil, 
1  iivail. 

aiil. Im_'  UMiK'.J  ; 

i:ct  ot  will, 
kill. 

( InKircn  iwarin, 

'l-'l^s,  i;i\)w  uaiil;  ; 
1'-^;  Wound  ; 

c  nu;i::alMiiiul; 

od  Ol  ('i'.'  (<:; 
u-  ci.-.!  k  o;  arm-; 
tii  w.u'-  al.u:ii-; 
I  a.i.i   ,i's  iM.-  r; 
liivaiiM;' •     ,., 
L•!t^, 

I'uilifn!  'iriall  . 
t  mak,  ajiji. al, 
Villi'--  li.al: 

i.op;-  rtlic'I ; 
-i:;^'  ()ur  i'l  .1 1': 

.1;  C-  Ul[il.;|ll, 

iln';.  I  u.lc  111  \aiii  ; 

'^I'l'  I  '  .k   ,  illij  Ivjic 
-  cloni. 
li'.i  -j'S  (low  ri, 
t!i  li.c  '.ruwii; 
r  jiiiii.  c  \v\i' , 
int  ndids 
.'arliil  i\i', 
s  irjuH.CL  l!y. 

\'  £;rcaicn  i iiiporiiirn 

1  [m-  'I\nvi,-.r!a:,dH 

;i   I-  s  ntiii'  -\vf!l  lit 

'  Vk'hi:  l;   I,;;!  I,)i-.r. 

[r.lil.        it   l>Ul.'     i.':  (lil- 

!]•    til    I'lM^',-.  '-  I  I   il.c 

. .-  ull  llli.-   Idli  ',  I  lie 

.1  .1  '  '.nil  ll,    iik     i-iiiv 

'  \'.vs.     fi    ua-  iinl. 
>  iiy  in  1 :   o.     'I'lC 

1  >  1  Ai:-li);.rt\,  in 
I.  S;ii.  t  iLat  t  :n.  it 
I'oA  .r  wi:  •:  n  11'=  o'a  :\ 
:■.  ..'1.  ■!  til  ilx'  ili.;  .-t 
.ntinrk  Ull. I  1  luul-.iri 
l!:C!'.  liavt  n  i  vet  i  n- 
:>.;;  thcif.  ( icat  ivi- 
v.cd  li'.iii  !  )■  l(.\ci,d 
1-;  a  liidit-ih.L.i  at. 
hm  ;i,o  IcM,  ill,  y  ,iiv 
til',  I-)  mil  ki::-^,  as 
.^  i)t  I)(.:i:'.',,;ik  \a\c 
n.i  .    to  |...y    I,  11     .;t 

!i  '^widLii  a;.d  I  kr.- 
<l  till  }  lami  iiipli  ;  .; 
(.;  IK  111  I, tin  W.i;,  tif 
aviii;:  tl'.fii  ;.'iir-'i  in 
>a:,ilc  dtii  .'.I'.,;--,  w  II  a 
'ii.y  ■-■> til.  oImi^i  d  I'l 
..-^f  !■.:■).-    .il    ;i.o  ,iv. 

..i  -I  ;1k  tiii.t-  limr 

.". ;   ,.ul   I  ill;     liiii,-. 
',  1..1.  tPl)   u.i    ■>  iI:'. ,d 

'.  iiua-j^t.    l-)r  ir.ulv-. 

I  Jul  i  ai  d  I  ,V'.  i  .1.. 

.   1'!  ana-  .    ikiio.  . 

.11  ( )  .    i\   ll,  I-  ,   111'.; 

t'l  tin  '1':;.'. .  ,  t- Til:  .- 

'.:c..  and  I  lit  l!alt-o, 

willi  iiii 


EURorr. 


r;  r,  R  M  A  N      F.  M  1'   I   R   I.. 


75.? 


I 


w'-tlioiu  i  .nn;  ar  ilic  tnnibk'  and  lia/:V(l  o('>i'ning  alvnil 
hy  llif  K.illScM,  n/.ind  t\w  coallnf  Jiiihnd  ami  ihc 
Sc.nv;  niid  vviiiimit  the  nlMlniClii'ns  ot  llit  toil,  and 
ol'icT  di;li'.  ultic-  ol'  i!k-  S  nmd  ;  I'u  that  vcIIcIn  in  tlic 
Travc  ,iro  v.itiiin  .\o  \\n\r~  ot  t'u'  liiiti-.',  \v!ic:eav  it  i' 
4-;i  iri!  -■  aiid  iiio'-'  round  juiiand. 

TIk' tr:'(l.' ol'  llaml''ii>',  r'.rr.d^  tli.it  of  any  liiy 
v\li'cli  Im'  ri'i  kini'doin  of  rcinu.lii-  .inn.'xcd  to  it  ;  and 
t!ic  export  1  and  iiiijio't^  ot'  it  lin.j;'y,  ex.  fed  iliol'c  ol 
riat'V' -iTii  kiiii»d":ii  -  i-v.'n  in  d-rnianv.  1  li  ■  F.ih;-, 
jiid  i!-a  IV  i"'cat  n'v  ".l.'e  rive.'  I'm  Tail  into  it,  al'i-.r 
n  fiiii'l'  tli:  i;!;li ,  w'.i:  o.  ilv  lar'^cli,  ric'iiti,  and  iiioll 
iradi!  ,'  pin  ■■)'  (it-i  la'iv,  tti-r.iili  it  wii'iail  tlic  pio- 
(ln'.•\^  .'.!id  1.1  i'.;:f '.tmr.'  oi  Aii''ri.i.  Raiuaiiia,  aiul  I'p- 
pc  •  at' '  I.  nvcT 'ii^' 'iiv.  .F  di!.'  I  f.'.w  .id  Sjirie  it 
ins  :ride  with  ih  iJaii  u-n:  im^;  cl.c't  •  ate  ;  and,  hv  a 
ean.d  ti.Mii  tin' Sjve.- to  thtO  I  r,  its  loinnuTee  tx- 
t-r-i'.  iiu  1  Sih-ii.i,  M..ia\ii,  I'ol.iiul,  and  ahu  ll:  to 
Hiiiii;!!'  :  '->'',ii  It  lii^  ni -r.'  nian'.if.:c'tiir>  -  tor  i\- 
pofii  1  I 'ru.  iiiidl.  (iiie'^  in  tli.'  w.ul.l.  'rii.-  i'hi>l 
ixjiort-  (eihel'v  to  fireit  Uriiain'i  a'e  o  vavi  -u  lin  ns 
of  U-v.i-.ii  c-iiii.iii-;  paititnhiily  S.ld'a  dia|  er-,  an, I 
the  liwn>  !>'  Milhii  .md  Liiia:;a;  CI  vimny  linen  tf.ini 
( ):"n.i!ini":.  1  .•itv.iii-MV.;.  f'vc.  H  nilnn-',  do\la-,  and 
(■:h  r  ibi-ii/.  hi'  i^ -,  ti'iii  L.ower  .S '.\on>  ;  roar'e  lin  ii, 
I'aii.i-,  <  'I'f'.i-,  !il"d-  li.iii-!-,  i:ii  man',  oilier  Tort-  trom 
1,  ■'A -I  fi.Tni'.-r.  ;  !in  n-varn  l.oni  ili.-  t:i!rie  loniitriv- ; 
tin-jvat.  ,  b'Mi.,  iron  mik]  Ihel  wiie,  i.hicll\  t''om  L'p- 
pc;'  S.iX'inv  ;  l.l,l,)d^ou■d  ,  pi)' -  and  h'^l'K.ul  Haves, 
wa  ;- I  it  lio!-';,  o.-.l.  p' ink  .iiul  tinilicr,  kid-(kins. 
h'r.'  I'laiidtnbiirn  ;  corn  li.'iii  man\  pro\in  e'-.i.ii'clh 
Hi  uideiilrii.v  anil  .S.y'inv.  Ot  the  inini  er  ol'  artitks 
wh'  h  i''-v  'ni|i.)rt  'roin  ;-.lirii:'.d,  >.'  chief  .ir;-  (Ik-  wooI- 
le'!  maniiric't'.r;'  ot  Kn^.;!  ind.  'I'h.-  v. 'ue  ot  iueh  lioni 
yoiklliii'v- onh  ■- l.iid  lo  Iv  :\!^ov^'  lo^.i'vl.  The  ar- 
I'lleot  rinahih  Si-'-.  k:n_4- 1 '  nie- lo  a''  ve  .■o.oo-ol.  p.r 
i'lituiiii.  'I"'".;  ".!'o!.-  ol  I'.ie  l''.inj,!;ln  iiMiitit'ai'hiits 
\eiiled  ll' n.',  am  unc  to  Kveral  luindi  il  thouf'-nd 
piiiiiid>  arir'Mllv.  'fii..'  I",  i^'idi  ni  ri  hints,  Irivin'.; 
{.•reat  p:i\  il  <;  ■  ,  ni.ike  an  exiiaordin.'. ''.  lijure  her-. 
Thjy  app'.-:'.;- a-  a  i5"d,  .■,  l-oid  .i  toiirr,  with  pirt'i  ul.ii 
iuri;d;ct  ni  ■jid  pov/e.  ^  am  m";  th'-in!-.-!'- et;  and  a^  t  _ 
an;  tailed  in  Ijiiidon  the  1  l.\ni'-urji  Compaiiv,  !o  nv 
ihey  lier-  <  ■.dl.-d  tiie  K;i".hlh  l-Fm-or  S-Hki>.  'J'!!,  \ 
li.n,-a  I  h'.irth  and  niiiiiia'r  i!  iheifi'wn.  Tiie  I''::;'.- 
l-ih  lie  i'.ii;iv.-r:)ii  ,  tiiispa  t '>  ii  j.  :-..il''.  illI  the  l! 'pit 
ot  t'lt  l''.'i';hlli  ir  de,  Ih  v  h  \  i-  {:.■  I.imc  priviIcLy 
lo  iiiipun  ivjnaiL,':  .dh.'W  d  rhe  Du't';.  Ti.e  I  !a  n 
lull;'.  V  dvive  fj.r  It  ira  1.  to  Rnrii.i  ,'!.,1  I^:vo;;i,i;  .:iid 
I'll  .,'ioi!-  ;>  K  to  ih.  n'l'i'  o'  the  .  "'p"V  .ind  t.)  I'o- 
I'nl,  ihcy  li.iw  ■.'I  '.t  i-i;:r;;-,  n  I  tiiilv  in  lin -r,  \  irn 
nnJ  li'.'  Ilix,  In.t  in  ho  ■-  ,  w.'X,  annil' ed,  liiri.  d, 
d'U;'.-,  i\'  .  ill  h'  l!  eOder  '.t'l';-,  .^pe.-,  and  lo  i:;t  . 
tlie  l'.i''f.  !ii  I'lie  m:'  ',p.ii''.-t  o  I'rand  n'  in'g;  t'.er> - 
tore  ill'  I  >  n.  -  t  i'.'.t.l  iiU'  M-it  lhi~  tr.ile,  ti  r  o'  t  lin 
anv  p;  .  ■  ".  Aoi.>iiL  2  l''.ngliili  ihips  iot,.,'  in;-) 
til!-  hi  •  II  iti  a  yeir.  thinii.di  m  .I'dv  Irom  Spain,  Tor 
iiijr-d,  .'.  .d  li.-.h  ;  Ir  111)  aid  to  whith  the  ILini'  iii'..> 
nuMtliinv  pv  iheni  douliie  the  iVe^dt  thev 'io  t  i 
ih.-iru.vM  iTiip-,  i'ec.'iile  ihe  l'',ii;.!;hlh  leiUT  ti,e  li'im 
the  Turk-  iiy  ti,  i  Med:!.rrai'.t.in  p;"  ■,  iliev  faxe 
more  tii.iii  il'.ii  in  inliir.in'.e.  indeeii  i-.ev ,  in  .";:;;, 
M-'itd  't  t.''M;".',  nuth  Oi  ih.>  ti.-.d-'  iiUti  ll:.  a  own 
hand-,  on  th.  p  uvs  ,i  I  iltoiii  ,  ('\C.  but  h.ipjiiM  the  kii'^ 
ot  Spain  lo  d:  ]  Iv  ;e.e..l',"d  the:!  treaty  VMih  th..  piaii- 
<.dl'.,it  V  ot  Hirh.u\,  aiul  luii.dhing  them  elp.i.arN' 
Willi  ",,iihke  li  If-,  ,\i .  tli.il  he  n  4  o!il\  inliii  ited  com- 
ni,i\e -.vitii  1  1  rii;i:ir ',  hul  laid  .■■]  enilvi-ri  iiithii 
fi'iod' M  Spiiii.  '['he  diiler.  Ill  e,  h  wever,  \sa- lei  "ii 
td  d,  an!  inuie  ,i,  fimm  ■  l:itt.h  on  tonduion  ol  iv  t 
l'..;v:n;,  :in\   m-.ie  In.  ii  li  de  >m  !i  ih    linb.ir.ie-. 

'l"l;.eil\  h.isi!,reii  p  il  i:i  the  I  h  .e.:'a:'tl  w  ileliili- 
01  y  ;  a;'d  the  I.  i-  nn.l  uhiL"  iie  .-  .i  in:  !'.i',-,,'"!;e  i>  .i 
n:v.u'd  111  It-,  i'lh.iSii  ..nr.  It  t  niiii'iily  leiK!;i  ;  ■  or 
Oo  llups  annii:dly  in  till',  truk-;  I'.i  t!i:it  ihe>  ..  ^  p, -i  i 
i!i>at  iiiiaiitities  ol  oil  .iiul  iiiis,  th.ni'.h  the\  I'H'  p'  ni 
the  Dm  eh  more  than  their  ..wii  lhip>h:ppU.  In  v,:n  ii 
litb  out  Hup--  of  force  to  convoy  the  incichantnicn,  and 
N  I.  f"j. 


ITT.'  lie  iai.l  t'l  lie  flronfr,  both  al  kmil  ant!  f'e'j,  ocin.^alilj 
to  arm  i .'  oi  i4,o-:-c)  nun,  anti  h:ivini>  a.  or.dint  garri- 
Ion  ol'  near  j:-do.  It  i  xports  p,reat  ijwunitie^  o(  b.er, 
hiewtil  liere;  and  hi'S  ieveral  mami  :..ttire'-,  ;:■:  .veav- 
i  r''s,  ot'il.inialks  hroi'.uif;,  velvet's  iheri'h.  Il  lllk  ,  and 
!  l!ij>  ird):ikin<;,  there  being  a*-  ^nod  lo.vf  ri!^;::r  nride  in 
I  K.inibiiig  .1-  in  Loivi'iii  tlunili,  indeci:,  they  are 
.  I'lrtet' to  buy  tlv.ir  Mi.feavado  In  ars  cliitHv  l.im 
ditai  Britain.  Callico  printing  cmpltiy^  iuiiTi''ir<  <A 
pei'ple ;  and  o'  Lite  they  iiavt  b  ■j:;iiii  ti  runt  hiitn. 
■iHii.  In  llv."i,  H.imhiirfT  is  bei ., me  a  nth  md  j'ov.ei 
liil  ( itv,  .ind,  A  ihoiit  dilpiite,  d.-'v-.  .  ihc  y^ie:'!  .1  inla. 
trade,  at  tin  I'me,  ot  any  city  in  l'',ur'ipe,  L,,in.'  ..■ 
:nul  ,*\mi1erdani  exi  ejited.  It  ha-;  an  iinil-Hibte  I  ,•  .'i' 
loap.la.ein  ih;'  diet  ot  the  empire.  It  has  pu-i.-  • 
llon^  alii)  to  b  ri;'  (ii  tree  a  i  in  ,  a>  n'..  to  be  liibut! 
to  the  empire,  as  other  Imperial  tit  its  :r  -,  ai'd,  <'ii  th.ic 
aeioiini,  ahvaysr.  tu!e  to  p:i\  coin  ill.i!ti'i.is  |.j  the  mi- 
lit '.i\-  ched  in  lime  ol  war:  but  ihen  ili  I  lam!  ii:oef.<, 
nnoer  eoloiii  o.  :i  paiiii  id,'.r  rre:;i'.  with  t!:e  empena", 
'.l.'y  '.\oidi:'i;  t.)  embaii.i!  •  tli-.tvile'v.-,  in  c.de  ot  a 
uar  in  (i  rm;i.'  ,  do  t!ie  l,im  •  thiivi,  in  t.'i'e"'. 

i'he  vv^mnenl  Ir  le  is  vel'eil  in  the  XMafc.'.nd  thrc.^ 
eolt^;'.-  o;  I  iir._!i:i-ii  .  and  is  a  mixi'iie  of  tii.'  ari-lo- 
v.i;it:d  antI  ihm 'tr  iiiial.  (),  t!ie  If  r,  b  ;iure  a'l 
i':eir  la.xe-  :'.n  I  imp  ll-  a.?  raiUL  1  b,  tie  b'lr'jh.r-, 
v..;!'oi!t  \,'  J.-  t  '  ■'!  tiie  le.ia  c  ■  ir.iioi  'ii!;  <  nc 
pe-.i;}-,  e.iit!  1)0,...  .  .  e--;  .isemetii  of  1 1  e  fi.- -nces  in 
111  lO'.f  thebii  .-  ...  ■■  tl:e  tovn -r,  becaule  rhev 
li:ive  a  l'eii:itee'       'n  die  pr.n,  iiial  perlbns  of  tlitr 

lepublie,  V.  ho  ■.:■'■  i.i.:  ,  e  jiower  of  :ilieml)iin['- and 
dill' King  th         'i,  ".   vl    liie    i  iir;licis;    ;o  «!ioni 

li'.e  lmr2;!it;  ,  ff 't  •  i:i  "  :  -..t  oi"  tlic  Ihiiipces,  arc 
ace. am:. ill'  .  •.  hi  ■  ^'.t  w  :li  :o:ev',n  prinvC-.  without 
tl-e  interv  <  .iii  .  '  tl;,- bi.r..'!itrs;  ::nd  w!;o  are  v.fleil 
','.itii  aim'  .  "  :  o:  I'/.erei  .iii '  ,  l.v.i:  t'lat  ol' la\-- 
iiip,  i.ixe    ai'      .'      i;\m';  I  i  ■  lin  ■.;•.  e  . 

'I'ie:  o\ti  .::in!  tlue:  .  l;!!'; 'itei,  i';  u".der  t'  c  pro- 
ter!i:n"!  ti  e  i  iiper  r.  t  r  >- h'  h  i!i-  ll.vr,! -'.ir.diers 
j  i\iv  him  !l  , .  ss  '  I- wn  ■  a  yea:.  Jhii  h  ..v  litb  this  has 
.iv.i  1.  d  them  i>  t''i\v'!!  kii-i.-.a;  and  lli-'  jiiot.  tli.^ri 
iiiev  h.r>e  trom  r.iv:,lu)d,  ii.rth  I'l!'.  o!  tr:id-',  i-,  eer- 
i.iinly  iheii  j.',  ■ -Utll  let  I.:' i\ .  'J'!:e  ien.ife  C'.p.lil!  ol:' 
;  l',i!!L">m  ::iei  •,  o'  \'-hom  di  iv  v\:  _.;  l,--,'.  vt  is  aiitl  "iic 
mer  l.,i:r.  (.'  ti!  v.'l"'m  |"elide  ::!  cm.",.''-  lor  a  "e-'.r;) 
zil,  iit'i  ,  V  ,-.  II  I..',' ■  ers  I'.n  I  i  :;  m  rcli.int  ;  4  Iv  ■- 
■.lies,  wli):ir-:i!l  l.iuver  ,  antI  .^.ve  tlair  t;p!;ho;is  as 
our  .iid;.n'  do  in  th  •  h  >t!'.-  ot  loid,',  l:ut  h.iVi'  no  Vote; 
,11.1  4  :e-  r  i.i'i  ::,  o'  v- !  .Ill  die  p'  rtipal  is  e.illed  pr.)- 
tli  .',  t.'.ry.  /\h  I'ele  ,i.;e,  iip.jn  ever  \:ii  ante,  clvit'eii 
.iLiiil  ih  ir  own  b.'.it-.  Ik.e  is  alio  a  c  Hirt  of  ;,i!mi- 
:.il.;',  tonii  liir,:.  of  .1  !)nr>i:on..'!U'r,  f.-iir  I'enitors,  (1 
men 'imt-,  .:nd  :  m  .il  Vi  oi  ihij  s,  al'-il  .|  i'\  a  lei.  le- 
laM,   :.;,d  :i^^  .'er  iiadi!!: 

1  !  e'r  l.t.v   1    il'ecivil,  or    Ii.'lir.i  in  ;   a:i-!,  m  evimi-- 

111!    I  111  t  ,  th.'   llaii:.-.    of  lie  ■  p>- e    r   CI. a:'  s    IW 

j  u  th  ulrcli  l'e\   l:i\e  li-.f..  I:,.' ih.  h   ■  v.n  ihltiiU'  ,    but. 

I  .'III  pu.',  de!  .uel   ','!  .■t'::e.l  ;  y  :,'.im!'e:|r.-'l-.   tommc.lts, 

,nl  I '.mr:..!!!!   rv  pr  I  ti!  !.!-.     '1  :  e  ii  d  o\-   1  hi  1'    .j 

ti'i   e  I'.He ',  s  io  1' ;il   ■•    1  h.    v">''i ;  ■ -Mie:!  (■  r   pintr.  .d 

r.ller  )  w!i,t ':'.   f  '.:;:!-  ot    ;    rn'mh,!   ,   tli   'ei   oiit  of 

e,;  I;  -  t  tlie  'iv    v.  id    1  f  ihe  <.  ■  \  ;   h;-    '^r-,  ...t    pow.r, 

a!^,   ih.  t  >  f  the  iiii-nn  s  :u  1-'..  .loe  ;   t.m  dn  :i.  .I  it  the 

f  nate  'o  i.al!  a  eo.iv.nli   •;  oi  the  i  iiiid;  is,   aiul  ev  11 

i.np.,i.h  a  Ml..:.!.-,   aiidie.'i'-,     ,i  c -rt' r.nt.-  w  ah  the 

f  .'.i!   ,  111   I !  at  or  u  I'.e.' o(  t:Ui   1;--.      When    tie   thive 

'.ell     e-.   coMlli'i  ■;  ill  the  who'e  ■-:  :  .S  )   nv  .idie  s,   arc 

al'e:iib'.u,   and  I' el  ivit.'lt   t'  ■,■   l'::ii.- 'ti'r,  •,    '.\ '.:  e!i  h-; 

11  .hi '.  ^HM":di';  ;i-'  t.ii   -,   [  a' i  i;!:,l\   l-r.- .avi'   -mm., 

1  tl;e  'j,il'. s  ot   t''e  ,  it  V  .ne  llii.t,   ;i  Pr  11  ',  v'l.i" I  i-  .'"..'  it 

up  b'e;.-i,.-  ihe  i'l.  n  a  .  :'    nf-.   :n  I  l'  iil.n   ,-;   p.   |:   .1    :i  .dl 

I    i~.i\    !m,  -.      \'.     h  wir  i  •!.'  .I',  -    ■;,'!   \  .:e    1-    iuiii; 

.L,'-l,  w'-:'.!  i!i  ■  ',1!    :  ..I  :  i    [Mil  lit  the  f  I :,;;■,  I '1  ■  m.U'i- 

j  ..;\   >.l'  ih.e  ;   deu-::imi.s  it.      'i  her    e.tle''  '  ":ll    e'. 

i  \  .  1  iimeiif ,  "t    ..h,.   1  tl,.  I,  ;ul.M^  tl'''  I.'  I  h  1  -  "  ;in  i.f,  il 

!  i'V   a   t-ui!iiilon,  ..r  .  o"\  .  ,1, .   n  ..'   i!u- p  :':•■.■•.  ar.:':- 

j  r.eiC'.in:,  and  tie.itori.,  ,_?.  ,  in  ::!!.)  .'f  ri:.-  _:  pi.iu'pa', 

;ili.l  7  fma'l.  r,  ih;u\  le-.- o.' •. '.  p.,i;, 

.)    !■;  1;; 


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A  NI.V. ,  ROVA?.    •%•!>  .M'TIIIMIC  .^V^ri.M  or   l-NIV|-.R>  \r,  (.KO' .RAPi  IV. 


In  <vncr.ll  tlu-  ri'lij^li:;  c  i  .'ulin 'ii,  ml  t!u  CiU 
^iiiiils  wtri'  iiMigul  10  v^  ;■>  wiiilliiji  .11  A'.ifiu  til 
witlii.i  thil'.  tew  UMrn  [vut,  r  .if  ilv  y  li  r.>  Int'ii  .ilKiw^d 
I  01  .:  ii.'.ii.UfS  vviiluii  til.  w  >'!■  .'I  this  cltv  ;  but  tins 
I;  .»)a\  111',' ;'.^)i  j;i  lutal  tti  till'  '.v'un.iti  C  uii.ilii:  ;  .•.;:,.iin'l 
vilioni  il.i\  W..0  .o  c\  ii(^..i.itiAl  ill  Vi'i,  lip  II  a  I'lililii 
att.-iupt  ot  ilitir  p'lills  ij  I.,  tki  pini'.htv  •  in  ili-'  tii\. 
tli.U  .1  tiv)h  ihppcii  :i:ul  ik;ii  !illi  I  .1  c'..ipil  tl'.'t  w.is 
LiiiLh.ii;  Iktc  hy  li.c  l.iipv...  r-luLiit,  t>.;Mliir  \iil'i 
tlu-br(ininilKi'"' ;  ouK  i  t.  i  ■■  i.ivh  ilu.  H  .iiiluir'jK  ■ 
b.  iiii',  iiirr.Utiii-il  by  ''i-  riiip  ro.  Cli.ili-.  N  1.  v^iia 
milii.uA  ixtiu:.'!:),  tli.v  wi'^-  I'MchI  in  lin.!  aiKalK-r 
lioiiii.- :inil  iliip^l  utl.,i  ...i  \p.mi',  .iml  to  m.ik. 
good  .ill  th.' otlii.-i  !•  lis  iii'l  ^hm.uy.  b.iiks  r-'^'i'S  •' 
ii'i.,  :wul  liiul.ng  two  mail' 'wis  1)1  I'x  i  :i.Ui.,  .mJ,  iv.o 
ol  il.f  hiiri^lii-.s,  io  \'i.iiiri,  I  '  b-^  ihc  t.iv.|)  roi'--  p.ir- 
ilou  ;  ,.tc,r«lr-ii.  ho  took  llic' ciii/.vii-  iutii  lib  Ipt'.i.il 
pi.'tvMU':!,  ;ii,J  (.'.p  la.d  iliv  r  laiiii.-  w.uuilj,  ;nj.uuil 
til.-  artiq.i.'.l.v!  pr..ii.:iro;v;  I'l'  ihc  i');iiif^.  TIkv  ;i:\- 
oblip  il.  hovv.Vw!-,  to  ...i  j.v  ill.-  R'T.u'.'i  C.u!i  Xu  >'i(,ii 
Wiiilhip  ;;i  t'-.j  ;'.nil\'.li.ul 'IS  I'oii'fN  '1  ;'.t^  li,r..-  ticc- 
v.!i;u  iIk'v  imII  .1  p:i\.i;i- ti'iit-'liioii,  praiou^  i>i  the  i.uly 
loniiiuinion;  t!'.oj'.;li  it  liirlci^  in  imrliiiH'  iroiii  om'. 
tli.U  1-  j;  ■rifi.il,  ..uo  [lic  a'^loluiioii  t'.u- l.'.;in.' ;  biii  even 
the  poor.'.l  "I  t'lc  \\-  pi.'  her.'  n:..  lo'vcd  lo  j',i\.  .i  ic 
to  ilupiic.i  '•■;■  r.iCii  coiilfllio:, ;  .i  ciil'tOiU  luii  i  wiii' 
knovwi  111  .;.i .  cUKr  I'roull.uit  city,  is  ricLoiRtl  mi. 
nijiv  iiio.x.  ui.ibk-  in  i'  is;  lnnutf  i:--  ■  lui..l.t>  .ii'j  i..i- 
iiirnii.!)  lii!.,  .m.l  li.'.vc  ;.'.K..t  lu'iis  "I  iiuiiir\  ai  uUm, 
o.i;  ot  wlii.'i  i1k\  iiii.-'ii .::','  ril  th  ■  clci'.;>  :i  loiiip -Ui'i 
niia.ti-iu'.n...  B.H  ilic  r.iiuc  u.  Hi".,bui^^  \-  u:;U 
■ii'-.r  lor  u~  i;iif  o!  I'.c  p  >  .';  lure  i'-ing  nior.  Imlpi- 
iii-.  in  1  lo:  O'  io;  '.  '■.;■..  U/.:.  lli.ui  man.  .itlxT  I'l  lul- 
l.-.,.;  i.'i\  ri  r,  i.^ii-L';  o  .,•  in  pailicuUr  lor  o:j'Ii.iii-, 
liN.  u.:',  HI  ,.  L"  a  l-l  .pii.ll  i:i  Loiulon,  ih.- ", .  .uU  l.■- 
\|.•nllt' .jt  '..  in.  a  ...li  .i:.l-  lo  liCv.ixt  ■;  J  ..1  ol  ;.,:,  7:;ol. 
-•s  iiR-.i.iu  ,  i,.!\  ii.iw.'  :;'.>.v:.'  :;go  inlar.is  a'.no.;  I  .i; 
.■iiiil.-,  '.V.J,  w'a  n  .il;l(.-  U)  iliv:^  t'i-!ii,  Ivc  ,.i..  iiki:i 
i.-.t  1  tlu- Il  li.tL-.     Th.    [h>\  ■  thai  ..ic  41. a;. a.  J,  arc  put 

o.il  ;:i,l  IK.I  nt  l>:i'..i  :U  iIk' o::!V.Ti:;}  ;  V.t  :  il  X\-  pi! 
lo  tr.  ;.■-.  .■.•a]  !!'!.■  i!,iilb, :;  ur  liuy  cii  rcil,  Ipin,  ki.it, 
iVt.  .i:,'  :,-r.'.  t  1  r.  ;vi.  .■.  1  h,  lr,.il!i.i£;  1  ilcci.;,  i.,ii 
;. 'I  V.I  y    t    .'.l' ,  .1:1  I   li-ri.;      on    ■  ri.'   01    ill-   i.,r.ii-. 

liuic  11  .1  l.iij,  laiip'.i'.oi;  liuipii.il  !  -r..,!..'.:.  ,  p  .  1; 
;:..-.i.!:.  1    ;L.u  i.o!  l.tk;  aa.l  .c!i..t.    .    .   ■     Ir.    1  .k-    o-: 

.....  ■•c.l,  .aici.  1:.  ..  .  kA'.  ayc.i  Ic-i::.  .  ;  '■'.I..:,  .ill  1  1  ar..- 
.  :....L.;  .;;  i'l  n  iu  '-.v-,  .0  wlII  .".i  .  luMi-.n,  1  |  ;h  .;l 
..■..i.ik  ;k.-.r'i.^-.  I.',  t  :c  ki\i  '  ,  ,t  t:,'.-  poi.ii...  In 
tk  ..  ^.i...  :  :hc  .'1  R.'; 'a  i[i!;  il,  ;  i.;  :■  i-.:  ,  i  I.  I'iiiui,  a:- 1 
'.:..::.  ,-  ;i:,  ..:  :ii,  .',o:..-d.  lo-n.  1  >i.  I,,l.\  I  i 
k.  k  j-.  .  jr  ;i  •!  hi-.-',  -k.:  1- ro  icii  ■..:  ..k  ;  .1  .0  .-i  pc.l- 
i  'ix  '  Ji-  ;k  !t.  -ih  a  !  a.f  ikc  pi .  ■....-,  .  !■.  1  ;  .'.  -.i-ju 
I.'- t  nipt.-;  :  o.vU.ii'.A'  11  pt.ip..-  t  01  t.'  i.i  .r. .  oni.. 
k  r  t  ..••-  .  '  ■  ;  a\  1. 1.  ;■  -  1  t  1.  h'.);!l'.-.  '1  .  .  .  ;.i  m  .iiy 
.w.Lr  k.  ._■.,:  ,  k--i..l  i:,c.;.,  lu:  p  .  ^"  .i./i,  .".i- 
■J.j.-.  ,  v./.i  ,  :..t-.  an.!  ;■,'  .11  ".ii'li  j;-  1  1  .'-xii  .i-,; 
u;.lit!wi     IV.        .-.  •.•k-li.li  c  ,      .;-    h  r.  c  C   .ic         '!. 

'.'.  ■  .-IC  'lie  0-  -Hit  u'ti;  L-  I.'  '  ,  .i-.ti  >  .1 .  :  '.■.'il.  y  ,  v,  itii 
V  .  Lk  tk  ic  i  ■.ia.:in  •!  i..i.;l  I,..- ■/  t!,!.-.',  .'i    '■.'.  ki  .  Mi  v 

.  .'  I;..'l.      hLr'    ..:■■    alio   111 '..t.LS    to:-   :....'n  ::_  '.'o.mI 

j-.l  -   1-..1  'i  lii;  ij;--  ;  V  I'lW. 

'1'  c- .'i'),ii.  ^  ,1  1 1  iiiik. 11^1;  .lie  a!>  .la  .  .r... -.  'Jki.. 
til..;,  .-a.  .:  .  ,  I  .:■  ,c,  .1:1.:  hl.i..;.'n--  !.l  ;  ,  k.,t 
u;--  .1     ,i;.    .  .  .1!  '1  ..    I  -.i,', ;  .nii  i  1:1  k/        -.  i-ic 

-.1-  '...;.]:■  ;'  .  1  l.i-i-  a.  Ii .  1  m'h  k,  1  .t-  .  i.j.n  ■ 
.-1  ;..in  •.  ■  v.;  all  .  i_;p  r,  i.:a.iiiaik'  .1  •:■  a;  ! 
-;)pL'..i.ai  -,  .  :  '.  k  ik'j  tai  a  ■  ait:  "'i''.  >.■•.  tai!-.;.  I  :ic 
;Ot.-.ii  1;.,;,  rt  .T.  1'  ks  I  kiij  III-'.':  1.1  1.'  lit,. 
'i'li.U    'I    S  .  '::  .->  i    liipp  iR-l  kv  La.',-  ;.',  i'  '.k  '■■-•. 

S:.  \li  i.,u."  ;:(.Lp  '  ,  .;  .0  Ic-1  ).:  k.  S< .  C  :.:>:'.  .■.i.\ 
his:.;l-.-  ■'  .  .  .  .v.lii  ,..'  ill  I  ,  .  ,t  ;mu:  :■,  il  11  Iiv- ; 
.■i:..l  the  L.  ;  .  i.  I.j:;n  ,1  ot  l,.;i,i  .,  '.im  i;.  ,  di  i.iiuili- 
a.t^  s-,i.iuu..k)  lota,  ki.-,  '..li.^d  ...  Ill-,-  a  Ip.r -,  ki.c 
S;.  li.'id-'.  ill  l-'c  t-i;  .  I,  k'.it  iiii  II  I  11  '.  K,...!a.i 
tl  f  1111.1. kc '.;  II  •!-;,:!■.  I,  .1  I  r  )..  !  ikf:'\  p,il;.  Il-,  piik 
p.'  1  .jt  v,ia:(;  111:11  bli-,  .;:ii.jall  c  .::  1,  .11. .1  1  !  1.,  J 
u:Mi  liji.i.  •  ,  .i-id  ..ili.r  oi-|..iai .11:  1.  .', 'IJ  ;  a. id  its 
c..^-.';,  i...K>iicd  one  ol  ilic  ujl  in  l.u.  .  jc,  ha  0;-.i 


!  pipes.  '1  lilt  calk-i!  il'.'j  iii;.iii,  or  d.'ii»  ,  \k  i  die  ca- 
thedral wiiilt  th-.-  toNMircin.iacd  a-i  .a.  li  krhopi  1, ,  .,ni| 
v..n  i'H.It  ahoiil  tiu-  vcar  (  ;o.  Tin;  Ipil.,  a -.d  tower 
liiai  laj-poits  it,  ar.  i-.t  ir  ^i'.-*  kit  In.  li,  'I  n  t\  |l.i[ 
bi-iiin:;  a  d.'n  and  ill. pur  10  I',  ih.)ii.;U  >  .  l:ii/..i, 
:  0.11  \  I-.;)'',o:at  llu'rck-    no  ipptal,   bo.  tot    ,-|'r.f. 

I  a  i.li.iin'  cr  at  W  /'.i  .  ,\Ii:p-  <<■  liit  i.io;ii.,  ni 
I  ."^ilLUM-nkatu;  .aid  ih  r^.  n  aic  Inin.'d  li'.:r.-.  w'  .■ 
I  ri.i.uci  arc  wiiitcn  in  a  an  •  i..it.ilo^iic,  \\\  k  ili  ii  .k.-.r 
I  i.ciKM-;.  I-.  ..nd  h.ia    up  in  iIk- bod\    <i  il.c  .  Iiu.ili. 

Thi>  .-til  , till,  wilnkc  whipicr,  and  a  l.u.'.c  1  anil  ir 
I  o.  lio-.ik-s  l),L)n_.-,in^  lo  it,  aic  under  tli-  lar-ivdkKc 
p.-.  tivii' n  ot  hi  Bni.'.iiiiii  ni:i  illv,  as  biliop  ofllic- 
uu-ii,  ,i'ui  indcpcnd.tni  oi'  thc.ity  uirildi. ; ,  > ,.  Th.  ro 
.lie  li.e  odier  scry  larg,t  i  luircli.  ■-  h.ie.  a  ..1  ti  'l-.t  lelUr 
cluireiKi,  or  i.liap.ls  ul  ea'.c.  Thiiei  .i.S  ln.l  i  lllnl". 
!:i  ,  or  aaucility  ! -.ii-,  well  endii-,-.e<',  .r.i.l  tu.nillied 
-.-.itli  o  al  It  pr-  lell"  .-,(1  v.ho.ii  W(.:e  1  aelv  t!ie  k.nnej 
l-.ilu-uiu'.,  anil  M.  1  lal  ik-i.  the  j;  .-o.-j-.irhvr.  The 
k-n.itedi  '.itea:i.i  I.v.mi  r.iHi  .;ii  -icenf,  kiiLC,  and  11  1- 
ble  lhi.,':an;, a  1: irneJ,  wali  'die  a.'.t  ..--ot  :aipei  ;r^,a::  1 
t!;e  o  woiii.ii.  ;  anki  .i '.iinkiiiii' 1 .  !,.;.  :\  .;  .k-iiior  ili- ir 

II  .V  bank.     'J  heir  i  x^lianj^e  is  li  1  ,  k:  t  av   rior  t<i  ikat 
.1.  i.-.":i;  a:;.!  i   .ipp.ii't.  ton..-  1.  u.iifl;  m.Ic.     One 

p.ui  o:   die  l.,i...a.  :>  pi  .n;':d  aih  i.r,,.-  '.lei';  .aid  tiic 
o'iii  e 'V.rcii  V.  .lii  .1  l.kl,  where  tu-.ll'i-.':  eoa;;ei! 
o:   w<.,;,ii-.'.;.  e  me  '.      .\l  1 1.:- lai.eie.'.d  o    1!  1    ill,  j   :!). 
kei-.a.iw.     On   t' e    |-ie.  t    bjkre   tlie   t./.vn  k.m'e  the 
l.i  .   er^  hi'. e  a  r  It  o;'  .  ,x  h.ai;.  e,  .is  ike  publi    niinn- 
I.I.I.-  1;  I'.ea'.  an  e,ra:-.t..i  ti.y-lb   p  ;n  '.h.  kuia  n  i::lio  ur- 
a:j..d.      Ik.e  wiup  i.'i'.  .aid  U  vea.l  piinees  o!  (i  •.ni.iny, 
k.ive  di.il  o.Mi  ptkl-kou  i-  Ii  i  ••,  ii.,in  ip,, .1  Ir,  \>  iloi.n 
',!  lle:ri'.\n  ..pp.)i.-.ta..  !U;   I  a;  ill.' polldiou.k  Uir  I'lij,- 
.a.d  an  1  H  Ua.d  i.  the  01, 1',^  on.-  liiat  lan  p'.-o,,e;lv  be 
.id  t  1 1  lI  ih;  to  :l  .   pnl  iR.     The  niit'illi  r.  lideiii  arid 
o:n;  .-ly  1. .'.•>-.  .1  ikil.ly  k.ill  l-ukl  U\  tlieniielve-  ;   .-ind 
the  re.:ki.:a.  lai   a  p.r.\er  u:  'i.  \  l.':<^  l,.a^  and  daVeieaiei 
;liatak;l,   1111.  n.   in   t   uiuiy  r.-.n.     T:Are  is  .-.n  opei-.i 
or  play-' o',  k    I1..1,  ekie:'-.    '  ■.    ike   ti.; ,  lakiaueal   ol 
kie  tell. an;-  :aij  iidier  i.i'   i    '.  '.',1  iir',-.  i.''   -..'.li  :i  here 
.r.i.  loiiie  tiu.a  liol'i  ti.al:.!  .  k.    'k.,ri.s  in  I-'.ar  pe. 
'1  hi.  c:.\,   .\!i  eii  Is  akaoi.  .1   ,;   (.1, nK:  I'jrni,  and 
I  .ilii'.it  I  .-s  lale  .  ill  i.o;apai  ,   i'l  ii,..a:.i.!y  (kiin::.  .i^uai 
pat  ef  It  I\a.p,  ap'in  itlaadi.     da.-  \' .'lis  aaJ  l./iiiiie.i- 
ti.;'-,  ,    lli.it  h,  '..'.leli  to  vi.  w,   ai,     C'V.  led    widi    '.'la  ■;, 
I  Mid  I  U'.xd  V..!.:  r.i-.-.-   ot'lleti,  lo  k  s;!),   ik.a  ;i  r.e  ul 
I  ike  '  o.,k     i.e  ;o  ke  k.ii  u.ili   a;  1!   \i  lide  o-  tkew.ll.'i 
.  -.'.liLli  :b  ne.v.t  a.    ;\luaa.      It    h.  s|;\  ;;ates,  and    tl'ivC 
.  :.;  .mee-  by  w.u^  ;  t.-ot!..:r.  ike  l.kke,  and    ii- lioni 
tiie  .\,.k.-r.      U    ■     ki.M.le-.l  into  kn    ()M  .a,  i  .\..v  (k  y 
j  k     a  eaia',  a,,d.   ki:;  ,1:1:1. led  b\  a  ti.ic  h:.;ii  m  :tl,  wnh 
.:  .;  bul'.v;ii-k  ,  b'....k  .  ekir.i  oat  .V     ■.»   aa.'I  :..i;ili  .1:  ions. 


in  the  I'lok.  Hi  '.',.iy,  aa  :  a  very 


,',.,■ 


.:  k.     T 


itU   1^ 


.lUo  1.  1.0.  ic  1;  a,,  -.1  oa  .■.v,i:k,   vv  ;!i  ■  ,'1  :.;-  .varks,  f'uarj 

;  liic  lai.'k;  '  ..!:■  1  .1.  iIk  .\klj.  t:.)di    l.i  .e,  .-kvn.t  h.ili  a 

;  ira'e  ak  . . .- di--  tj.;', .   a.-  I   on  t,.t.-  (■'■r  \~\-  of  tli:ii 

I  I   aon,    .    .    .1  '.ke   'a.k.  \.   .et..,.l   tk-.i:i;,,l    ill     1.1.  e, 

I  oek)  .  :l.'.Mi.a.   ike  a   •-    •.  .eiyk:i    k  'iiiK' '.:  .'-a.  1  kkci 

'  du   .'■lMr---.e.'i.i    ,  to  k'.i  .   ,  f.:!!  tl-.e  k;  I;   .'  l)i...:'i.,ik, 

I  -Mill  ;.ii  !:!    Iil'li--.      (.  :1  1    1.'-.    like  a    '1    I'u-m.    :i\i^i   \]x 

j  •■■■-. k-,  at„'/.-,    I;i  ■.!!:.  ^v'..    r    '.■:,  a'.\  1.  I.  .\i-,iia,  liicie- 
'  .1  (   l.a.'.-  ik,.i-   ol    f....'    ...  ..I.   .   .l.|...lv    a-.iiakued  by 

J  kc   I.....  A-  .'..'.J,'  ,  ■.  -k'-d  !:  I    >.  'Ii.l   lll-l  S  il.di   l.l'jc, 

n'o  uki.  h  ili.i  1  I  i-.  ;.  ;>.ii,,'.td,  t  \o  .,:  tl:re'j  ni  le> 
I  .1  .iv- Ilia  v.ly,  !....:..;.  'V'i:li  ki:n  •  ai:  .lie;  oa- ■■,  1  .:  11  - 
j  .0  dai'n  b  1,1.  .1....  al  iii.k  a,. '..id  .  M...  a::';',,  ta.H  b.-- 
I  |.j;i'i  1  '  in  .  Bi  a.ii.  n.  ni  i  e  ■■>',  re-ii:ii.:e  la  >  ii,-  i  ii  auu  ', 
I  ii)..i.i  li.v  lakes  b.  1  i'.v  lie  ay.  T  -...id.  i' e  alt  a 
'  a.  .■•iiili  .1  ly  the  kill,  li.el  iiilk  ;  .id  Iir.v:i.id  the 
'  Hold,  ky  ai'.'kvi-  ka.le  1 ,-,  .r,  e.iilef  1  ;k    /Vakjr,  ukm 

loiiii,  .1  ',  ;\  i.l  ,ii.  kvaai  -all  widiiiiit  .he  to.-.a;  :ai  I 
'  aao.iiei-,  ili  -o  li  ii"l  '.0  l:ii  e  :i  ihi',  ',(■;  "t  al  ii.ai 
,  ! -30  tc. t  a...a.e,  ..  itiu  I  I'  -.-  .-.'.'.la  .)  It;  .ar  ;r  v.hi'.n  11 
,  dfiVC)  die  P'uk  1  -  III  I'  ,  .ai'l,  pa' Ml  by  leeeail  llaiees 
I  .ia,l  I  an  a-.,  di'on'j^li  la  -.■.h  1  e!i\,  kil's  inlo  the  I'.  Ii-.. 
j  Mca,  a'e    ..i  bi  ik.e  ,   ;;  |  u  lUiiaiLl  ,   (beli.les  o  w  ml- 

uiidi,;  and  6  Jlui.ev,  and  it  In   hkeuiie  0  l.aj^eia.u-- 

keaa 


ait  t.    ; 
As  n  .  I , 
ilnv   il. I 
iia    1'.   1.1 
tappo:' 
will:  a 

wall  a  I .,,, 
ipeak  1.)  (I 
aelk    ,  .  il 
A  v.'.lk 
ll;.-    p..a,-ii 
Mikeni  \ 
.aid  I)  r.  ie:- 
V'..  a-i  \.  u'l 
ha, lie  . 
k-  111  .I'i/.ti 
tkein   is   I'i 
'.V  ;y  la.il.' 
tleh.l!  t 
whu. il  'i.i- 
w  liK  a  i ,  v; 
and   o'.ii 
lurevl    ky   I 


c-i 


■  R.M'IIY. 

il>'iiu-,  w  I  the  ca- 
.v.< li'.ilnijiii. ,  .iiul 
.c  t;  Ii,,  ;;  .il  tower 

I'.i.ii.    'li.  u  i!.;i 

l'01IJ,ll     '    y      I  111/..'!, 

i!,  I'll,  ui  I  v'  ii'i^t- 
■    "'  tiif  '1  '.i:i!'.  m 

Uil'.vl  h'.--!.'.  V'.'  ,• 
L-,  wi  !i  til  II  .  llilT 
Ullv     I  I    lIlC  t  lllhlll. 

jikI  :i  l.i!,',c'  I  urn'  ir 
tier  ih  i.ui"  Ji.i;c 
,  ;!•:  ll'!l,ip  oi'  l!ic- 
iiriuii. ;  i  1:1.  'i'hiTc 
-ic.  ;i  ..1  (.1  -I'.t  U-lUr 

lie  I  .is  h>.;.  iiiuf- 

'.■.ii',  .r.1.1  Ui.  nillifil 
;i'  liitlv  t!ic  l,.iini"J 

j:  .-I'l'.r.irl'.cr.  'Ilic 
t.tnt,  l.»v-c,  aiiil  11 1- 

;;••  i:t  '.  Mji'ji  lis,  .1:'.  I 
>;.  ;v  .'.  .'.■:!  lor  tli.  ir 
,  '>.  t  Ml'  liiir  to  t'..it 

iiii.iiL-li  'i.lc.  One 
I  'ii'^.i'  '.111.'  ;  .iiul  tiic 
ii  ■  •  II'  \-  >•'  co'.ir.til 
t  '.il  o  It  1  ih.  i-'ib- 
liit.'  ti.'.vii  !;.r,i'c  tlic 
IS  till,'  inilili  niimi- 
ilu  l:i;iK  n  1  lili  ur- 
^niiKi  <  ot  ( ;  ;ui.uiy, 
U'.iii  i",>.l  1)',  ])  riom 
.■  {'oll-liovi.c  tor  I'mj;- 
lii.U  i  ,111  projcily  l)c 
:  l?iii,lli  ii  ri'lciit  aiul 
h\'  !l».'r.>'<.lv!.'-  ;  niul 
^  li.ii «  ,uk1  (lnVclClufi 
'1'   '.  il-   i'i  .•.11  0|H.i'.-l 

:C  I!.-,;  ll./ir/llL-lil  Oi 
il;-,-.   iV    -'.h    :  1  here 

,ri.s  IH  l-'.ur   pc. 
^i,   111  i-.  r.):-iU,  a:vl 
.1.1',  (hon.i.  .1  cj-M 

k-  \'  .ills  ,11. J  IwlUliCl- 

,iv  K'l  will)  t'r;i  M, 
ir^li,  ill.;;  ;i  nc  ut 

.'.i   li'.lc-  O'   lilt-  w  .1I.S 

i\  ;.;a!c?,  .in!   tl'i'.c 

..ll.C,     ,Vtvl       !i  ■    tl.llT] 

Ol'l  .r,  i  N..V Ci  y 
ti.ic  lii,;ii  u  -.11,  wuh 

k    .lli'l  !'.|tili   ,1:  n'US, 

x-.i  ..i't,'.-.     'r..ti\  is 
;  I  ;.:-  .w.rks,  tio;-n 

I  1 ,!  i\  .I'l  ii.t  lull  a 
.-  I  -'  ■.  r   !-!■  '.A   tliil 

t',1  -.I  ,-i!„l    ill     l-,i.c, 
t'  '-Hill  '.:  ."M,  I  lildl 

'J  '.I  1:    •  ''    I  )l...'.'l..ik, 

II  II  •  '•.-  ■'.  atiLi  li.v 
.\  11  I  •  .\i-,-  .1.1,  liiuir 
.r  .Iv    i.-.iicil'ii^-il  i>y 

i'.\  .iiiJ  S  ii.iii  1.1')C, 
t  Ml  nr  il.ri.'--  ni  k-i 
1,'-.  .llt-r  i>!i'  N  •  .:n.- 
1  l..,M:r,',,  lli.ii  h.-- 
'..'j  111  '  II.-  I  il  iiini  ', 
|1'   '..  .!,!     I".-     all    11 

1  ui    lir.V;ud       till' 
_ii  -,S     /\:lifr,    U-';i  (1 

',;  ,1,1-  t..>v'i;  .liil 
ill  '.',  yc!  "I  .-.I  k.i'l 
')  !t;  A.:  ;■  V. 111'. II  11 
1.  liy  IcvL-i-.U  liu'u'cs 
,  •  .I's  iiilu  tliL-  I'Vli-.. 
ij  ,  (l)cli'.lcs  o  u  lul- 
li.e'.vilc  0  l,ii^cir.,ir- 

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(I  K  R  M  A  N      T,  M  I'  I  R  V.. 


kit'.  As  tin-  lulc  ll'iw',  in  c.iii.ils  tlinuigli  moll  oftli 
tiru-tll reels,  ami  imi''  4  Icigufs  aliovc  the  tin,  i.e. 
21  troin  till-  river's  nuuitli,  tlic  town  is  li-i,|ii^  nily 
ilama.-e'l  by  I'lirini^-t  iU->;  aiul  liuul.s  a  nl  f.i'iiili  ^ 
have  I). en  rii  1  il  liy  itiniK-ll  .  liier,-  w:  two  lad 
in'laneos  111  16,1  ami  i;i  ).  'I'hoiiuli  ilie  li.uboiir  i* 
f(-)Ci-iii'iioilioiis,  uiil  rivi-r  lo  deep,  il  ,it  '.irj;e  nicicliatit- 
llii|ii  I  )me  lip  to  liic  wall  ,  yei  iliole  ut  e.Niiaordin  iiy 
Ii/.  a:ieli  M-.u  tli--  new  mill-,  4  nil  -  I  el"W,  wlun-  tli.\ 
iii,l".id  iivio  liii.iHer  Vi  liils.  I'll-.'  ili-.-i'i-.  .If'-  neiKia!!, 
troo'.cd,  bm  pretty  wi  le,  lul  oiiilli-i|)  all  (I  rm.iin  Ur 
li.i;!i  and  ll.Uely  lioule  ,w  inili  .ire  moil  I'-  ui  Ivi,  k.  Tin  v 
uiualK  reckon  li.re  l-v  llivcr-.  ar.d  lub  ,  't  wliiili  |S 
niak.  4s.  61I.  (or  ad'  liar.)  ['  is  liie  i  luloni,  wli  ii  a 
tiiizin  ila  ,  lo  :(:a\e  ilie  u-ntli  ot  his  ell.ii-  ti)  tli  -  eitv ; 
niid  1  'i-igntib,  n  )i  iiatiiia!i/,td,  [>ay  annually  torlii'iru 
to  ira  ie, 

|-lanii  111-;;  h.is  a  iliHr',1  for  ti  iniK  -  round,  alioui.d- 
insiniiii  i-x.Jieiii  p,il!ni.-,  \\it!i  i-oi;li,hi.ilii  •  villaj.e-, 
and  !i);.le  tiat  .  Il  c()iii|irizcs  the  bailiwiiLs  ot  Rm- 
v.iiibu;ile,  Bil-.\^rd..r,  C)i-|iu  iuv.-ult-r,  an  i  l'',;ip'-'nd -M 
Alic-'a.ne,  New-;;aii\v',  Kiiilr.serder,  .-.  .d  Rolla'  ki 
lailiwicks,  aiecmoy^d  ''\  ilie  Hai-iiI  uruli.  r-,  iiii  .ii.- 
nii'M  wliii  iliccit;/.'.-;-'  0!  L,u'  ek:,a  .ne  a  (,,illl',',  ani.!  tin 
I,||  'r  i"w  1  .Kui  bailiwi.  k  ot  Hi-rgdorl.  Tin-  r,.-r.  '  .nil 
liiri-  ;;u-ail -,lil.  ,b',ii  in  tin  .  ;ii  j  Jiii  un  ■  .'H.J  i.ieiii  'iiy ; 
Vi.r\  :r\\'.',\  in  ill.  ir  I  i-pi'-e  ,  but  a  lilir.l  in  tre.'.iiriJ 
llr.iii;  er-.  'J  li  -y  n,.;  liaiV.i-l  g;'iil.-ii-,  ai  t'.i-  eiivs.'.  :ies. 
in  tlh- t  :,'i- I'i' 1 1  II  .i.il  Scarce  .i  incrJ'i.nt  or  lon- 
1:1  i.i.i!;.  ili'ij  k  -.-I  I  r  b'l' ha-' his  ti>ai.l).  Ti..- lomnuiii 
e.  .i  .  .-.u  on!-- a  '',1  p-.iil-v  l.iidon  ana.\le-iiee  btiv.'i\.-n 
I'.i '  U'lir-,  h.  .i!n!  di.r.'.  .1  I  y  n.cn,  ot'  whom  I:  or  molt 
:!i-e  ii'Pii.tii.ie-'  :i'.ki-d  t'  tliof.  iiiaeiiini- ,  dr.v.inj,  ■ 
lon^  wei'Ji:.  '  i,.id'.iat.  >!  .it  la-.-.-  .;ie  \rr\  lui.iK-r.u;  . 
thoiij^li  haidi'i  a  I. mil  ol  ili, m  cnip.lo\  C'l  in  il.  \ai:\\ 
ariilii  cr,  wlio  inn  pfrtorin  a  pirce  '>i  W'lik  bevoiu!  iiis 
brotlur  .mill.'.,  ii  m.de  h\-e  oi  lib  e  nipanv;  a  benetii 
not  oiheiw;!'.  lobe  .itiahied,  but  by  ier\  liudc,  niarrv  iiv^ 
a  li-.-'ni..n's  wid'.AV  or  d.!iij,li'-r,  or  at  a  v.n  iM-e.ii  e-,- 
penie.  ]i\  llic  vi'^ilanJi  "t  il.e  ma -jlh-.-.tes  and  ih.ii 
biidles,  fe.v  or  n  >  beii.;.':-;  .ire  10  Ik  Ui-ii  111  the  tir.-.is; 
which  n-iay  b^  ali  rilred  aliii  10  tin-  iiiinii  ;'..-Un-.  of  k.i:  • 
flockin^-.s,  which  is  funi  lenih  e.\ienii\.-  ti  cnijno'- 
all  I  he  poor.  Ollijcrs  ar.- empl  .',-. 'I  I' 1  i  .iiry  woo'  t- 
b.'  (  arded,  Ipun.  ivc.  bv  the  poir  .1  th'-ir  ••■•'A  hibiia- 
li  i.--,  ':i<liheiill  h  ih.  .\'.k,  p'.'.  1..' ilii  nidnc -.v.i'v  s. 
Th  I -ill  s  are  j;  r.ii.illy  all' iidcd  to  ili  i.'.iirc  i  I  v  .. 
ter\-ant  maid  with  .'  b  1  k,  hai.i;in'i  [<\  .\  lilve"  c:  .1:1)  on 
ci.'.e  i-ii;  a-v.l,  ii  1.  11  i  id  \w  t,.,r.  ..  Ii  a  bi-..|V  i:..-,-j 
out'.,  c-ilier.  1  i.-j  h  .ivMii'ii'-.  li  >oic  i-  1  e  C'  mm  n 
j  M  'intoi  in.-,|,  *a-'oi  .  A'ler  liiuince  i  i'.h;..;i  is  ;■,i.val^ 
I'l-iin  HKTcd  .-n  I-'ii.l..y  ,  ::s  .  x.ciit: m  is  .Uhv.'  ihe  t,i|- 
I'  'W  ill':;  \1  '".liav  )  |-ii ;.  A..t^s  a  e  c  .1  li  .!  to  .1  handlimc 
11;  •  1.:  ;  -11,  w  ere  ihey  are  ai'  '-.M-d  a  mjoiI  i,ed,  .111  1 
all  I',-.-  ■ '.-I'-h-  c -ml'i'it-  luiiinj;  ili  ir  >■  .'ntion,  a-i.l 
arc  c  h  '  ;.'y  a  rend.\i  U\  I'o'iu  1 1  v  'v  -  11  in  101  ii"  .. 
As  n  I  I.  ,ii,.i!  IS  |-ii,i'.  Ili.i'  I.  w'ili,)iii  I  U- .tl.i!-.';  j.Mirt-v. 
t!nv  i'V.v-iied  -reis'i-  ;  riiir  ^  ti  xi't  luc  1  i  i,- 
III.  !'.  in  |''i-,>  II'  n  t'  ill.  i'.:-.;i'.ih  lit  ev:J  nci'  l-i 
liippi.iii  .ciiainn.  Th-  ui.ii^c  ai-.-  ,.|.\a\-  p:'>-;i-n;. 
with  a  i!.-ri.  11  v.:ite  .-.'V.n  ih  -  Cuiili-lii'  n,  ai  .1  la'-l 
vvuh  a  1 11;  ;ai  1 1':  i  .V  n  I  '-i  p.  !  1'  ;  :  ■  ':  1  ill'  ■  c  nh.ai  an.! 
ipeai.  l)  llie  !  :l.r,i.i!  iiu.ii.i.il,  -.vnli  mt  l-'Cu;^  cye-wil- 
:;ilij    I  .  il'e  iiu  l:v. 

A  w  .Ik  II.)-;  bv  ihe  l::  a'  b.f  11  .'I'iIil-  .'M.iir  li  .ni 
ill.-  pi.i'.di  '.;-.'.■  10  M.j  il  ,11  if  the  ci;',  c.i'led  i- i 
M -iviciv;  W'.ilk,  1-1  eel  |.)n!',,  and  :j  I;  ad,  lai'i  I 
.iiid  b ',-' jer.d  b"  Me  -  n  .a  li  li.ie.  On  on'.  tide  1  1  i 
V. .  ii-i  \.  k'i  'everd  ii  .;i  ,  luiheih  ra  low  ot  im'  I 
lioolc  .  Mm\-  co:iv  11  s,  ,\  ,  Ib.ll  r  ma;n;  Inr,,  b.'i  ••:, 
le  111  J'i/.id,  AW  now  Lulh.  I  i.--.  1'  e  i^miie  -!  ■  i-  it 
li.ein  is  liili  •.-"iV'u.i.d  i-v  •  il'.  ;in  .1  I'j.ils  of  w-n.e  w 
i.v.-;-y  nial.-l.ic-L'r  c.iri'.'i!  by  ti  i.x.coli  1  1.  1\-.)  'e  u 
tl.cb.  ;1  t-ihi'jn  i-i.-,.'.l-  in  ..  cive,  .111  odd  k;iid  ot  ta-. .  1  n, 
u'hicli  !ia-ii  p;odi'j,KHis  ilo  k  and  Vi-ni  "i  nU',  I  luk,  iVc. 
wliicli  i.  w-e;l  rc;^ii:a'.eil  y  .1  iKpiil'  01  the  m.io  ib.itcs. 
aiiil  i'rai^^s  m  .1  lonlidei-.-bL-  leveiuic.  Corn  is  nua- 
lurcd   ly  ihe  Ichcp^l,  ol   wiiich  oj  make  10  cpi.ute.'^ 


■/.sS 

Kiijj,lilli;  an<l  ro  namliiir(T  ell  rr.a'.c  but  48  .ind  ;i 
hill  111  L-'iukm.  i  innburji,  ;,>id  I.ineo'n  ai..  in  ilic 
line  I'.tiiiide;  bit  11  !>  ci'iilid -lably  c-iKLr  in  winter, 
and  11  it.-r  in  (iimnu-r,  at  tli    former. 

'I'm  DioeJ'ei'i  I  li  i.i)i-.>iiei\?  is  limuid  lutwe  nthc 
•ive:s[,ein-  :'.nd  O.  k  r.  'l  ii'  !.aili.-,i.  k  ol  Huiukr- 
loch  Iks  li-jur.ite  from  it,  b.  inir  .ncl'l'td  l/.  the  prin- 
>  ii  aht  sot  Calenbiii}^  and  ( iiiibeiih.i.'en.  'I  his  di.icelc 
i  .I-  nr'ts  Ion.',  ami  ;,o  broad;  and  ilr.-  toil  is  feriilu 
111  i^riin,  I. ops,  o.ak,  alli,  ih-»,  piilt  •,  !•  eeli,  and  birch. 
I'  '  iik-.'ii.  p'odiii-'tive  I  f  1  ill,  Il  n.-,  il  on  oie,  black 
i.iilL-,  l.o^s,  linrt'e-,  llitep,  j:iiii  -,  i\e. 

I'l'C  iiiha^'itants  deriv^  j.uiiiy  if  11  ]i,  of  \arioii'i 
kind  ,  Ir  nil  the  riviilcs  win  li  wale.-  tl  is  ciiiurv. 

'I'l.e  it.itib  toiiin'i  of  cLrg\,  nol)ilit\,  .md  '  iirgelit;?. 
The  I'l  hj;:un  IS  Liiil-.eraiiiim;  the  ni.iiiiil..i.Uirei  are 
1  iodi,  \\,i\.  l.iiii,  Il  jckiiigs,  ii'ii  v\.ir  -,  &:e. 

1  lie  j!riiieip..l  plaits  arc  as  lollow: 

11:1  ;  llv  ini,  I  n  liu  Inn  1  ii  ,  tlu  capital  of  the 
di  "  i-.i-,  litiMiid  I.;  miles  tr  iiu  llai.ovei,  is  an  old- 
t.illiioiii'i,  l.irge,  iiie^'ii'ar  lown.  'I'hc  madilricy  and 
biiii;hu -.  are,  in  ^^en.jr.il,  Lu'.her.uis.  'I'ne  piinci|)il 
ii.ldiii ',.  are  ill-  i.iihidi.il,  1  s.i.il  mniull.-ries  and 
iniiiierie  ,  manv  clnirclics,  t'-e  i  lian -.ry,  the  nobility's 
li  .  1.  wheie  the  dici-  are  hj.'d,  the  jefiiit.  ciHe;.;  .  the 
Ji-.v  '  'iiiidi^ii.,  tl-i.-  gyinnaiiiim,  and  the  Latin  icii  lol 
ol  S..  1.,  iiii.ert.  TIk  in,'.i;ilb-aies  poli'el's  civil  and 
rill  i.ial  jiiiildiclion,  impole  and  colj  ct  duties,  and 
.ippl\  ihcm  to  public  ute^.  The  to'Aii  was  aiiiienily 
on  -  of  tiie  1  lans  and  the  capit  il  of  1  i^nrv  the  Lion; 
and  in  i.,e  ncijjhbuuili  I'd  th-eie  are  tv.o  rich  abbies. 

I'ein. 1,0  lithe  Ku'.e,  li.is  a  j^arril'n,  :in  ejjii'cjpalpal  ice, 
.1  ea|  n  i;in  conNeni,  and  a  l..uther.in  eluireh. 

\\  (■  lding..-n  isa  comman<Iery  ol'tlie  Teutonic  order; 
Sil/.-lJeilnit  a  link  t  town,  with  I'ali-works;  iMulc 
Olileulorla  luaikel  i  wn  on  the  Ihi-ie;  aira  .Sal/.iicben- 
diU  a  m.uket  hwn,  which  con.am- !.dt-w-orKs  and 
l.-.-.-:-al  cunvenl-. 

Lull  pnn^i-.-  i^  a  t-wn  on  ilie  L-.iniu;o,  where  thcra 
i-  an  Mil Mlh  Bern-  I;.,  tin.- 1  iiiiniry,  v.  Irnc  a'-boc  is  pol". 
lelied  .-1  ihe  ;o.'  -.i  ''.iillili  ;  ..n  •  f  die  to  Mi,  .'ilid  is  ail"e> 
paliiMi  of  ih.  l.,i.'ii'ji-'n  il-.iii  h. 

Ciionau,  o;i  me  Lei;i.-,  C'tita'ns  a  [)"iiiin'can  (on- 
vent,  ai  il  1;  \  e  name  li  a  baili-.'.  ieu ;  il.'.en.m  is  a 
I'l-'ii  wii  .1.'  i'L-.t  lie  IS  ni  t  e  '.'l  1  01  tir,  ebct  ir  of 
ii  '^i.iv.i  ;  il.,  e,  nn  the  S.i.'l,  is  iioireil'ed  if  a  liigli 
i.'i  1  AV  p-oielction;  and  Alield,  on  the  Leine,  has 
ii,ii!'ai-  pn,  .:e;    . 

(iOjLau,  ti.nii;;':  a:i  Imperial  cliy.  and  independent 
ol  lie  li;un'w;i  i.imiiy,  is  ulinlly  delcribed  in  this 
cijuntr\ ,  be  aua  i;  1  luiroir.d.d  w-it'-  their  dominions. 
I,  1'  ;  l.iiv;,eaii'  i  111  1  i;y,  2:  mile  loiu'i-eall  of  Hilde- 
ilieim,  2  ■,  loutli  I  i  i'lun'.wic,  aird  26  well  of  Hal'ier- 
,'',.d!.  it  ..a'  in:  1  i.i  ijoi,  by  tiie  imperor  I  lenry  \. 
.\i  o  h,.d  .1  p.i'.iee  .u.e,  aii'l  a'!o  ,oriilied  11.  It  ll.iivis 
..111  ill  ■  i'  111"  liil  -  ■  I'ib.eiior  ,  wh-'  h  rill  •  to  the  l',iit!i- 
.a:i  '  I  t'eile.fe  d,  Mi.li.iil.  1  '.  1  ill.-  C),-i.er  near  ihe 
'  ■  ninie^  olll-i!  i!c..n.  d  liar  en  ,.i\  ^  t:ie  li,r;ie  pri- 
vi,e'j,  a-  iil':.rir  1,;:;-' ;ial  e  t:  -,  i-eiidev  a.i  e.v'e.iip- 
I  .-il  l.>ni  toil .  ,11  .,11  1..  .ike's  ■  f  ill-.-  ,  inp.re  init  ihr.e. 
1,1  .',li  II  peiiil  w,  I-  ;  Is  .  .ii  d  A.'-."'  Alc'i/il'ri'.m  Ini- 
fr>,''.  1  lie  ;.i)i!,i  ,iu  lovcie  !  w  ilh  iLiif.  1;  is  iitii- 
•icl  in  a  \all..',,  1  i-ioiiiide.|  '.■.  lii.  m  iimi'.ins,  in  ',\hicli 
l:-e  !;iin,s  b  ill  >  t  luin  ,ind  l:lvi-:-,  vi/,  I  :oe  of  Sleiti- 
,'-',.  I  ^r!,■!■l•!;^  R  m,llbii.j:,  KIo,  k.  :il-erg,  Sec.  Th,' 

l:,il   l,;n;  ,  a:.  .  nv  ;o\   d   euer   in   di;.'?i  i;;  th'-in,  or 

I.  ■;  lir,;:,  uiii;'  1,   ;j.,  .in  i  V. '.nil lit;  ihe  m.td   and  mi- 

n' r.;l- ,  oiaili.-t-,  tn-.i   aiedug'iui  olth.m.      1,  his 

I  e  :i  ihe  i-eliiU-iM  I  I  c  e.ii,  lois,  !  t  t'-c  1  -.k  -  :  ;s 
I'lli". '1..',  ul  'in.i  ;_• ;  airi  I'C.iiile  ih  v-  Ir.i.  ;:,n 
,'  'eiiiil.d  llie  dal^s   nete,  il    h.i^  1  een  cail'j.l  a  p.l.".i- 

II  (    uii-. 

Tn  -  ei ',-.  e,-oi-  1  r.  deiick  II.  :;.i'"-i  i  ^  ; ;.  with  cin- 
I  n;  ol  ill.  ii.i  I  ot  .i.e  uu,  lie,  iiani  d  to  O.ho  I. 
'!.il  e  "I  11  unl -.  ic,  t ---  :c:.t'i   ul  it    ni.n.-  .       I  !i  ;  'loiil.: 

III  iii  lint  .'.ic  '-. -.  j;;e  c-iii  'IS  t.i  tin  ii'  ;  '''!:.  ■,er',!  cf 
li^  priike.  l:ave'  ei.  :  .iiuin , il  !■  ■  i  il  I'-i  i!i  u.e.-.i  bv  lo;ce 
i.'l  aiiii!-,  but  l.ii  ,1,1.  :  ..1  -...111.     'J'lie   ['i.iii..,L'jrlhi|-i  o'' 

it 


'iKi! 
I-    ''1 


i'.\ 


i|:u 


I  I   1 1 


■J,       A  NF-W.  R(1Y\T.  Avii 


M'TIirNTlC  SYSTF.M  ot-  r\I\  FR'^AI    rroCRAPIfV 


it  i^  in  ihr  king  o 


if  Cir'Ct  Hill  li 


iltoUir  "t   1 1  '• 


Tl 


lici 


plcu'  (hi    lOiin 


novcr,  Mtcm.itJy  with  llic  iluk-  ol  UrtmlWu 


.Wuli^  a-    '  ill  III  .ill  (iiimiiiv,  iinil  imi.'  I 


tiv  ..rci.  irc'li'iifcil  .i  tli  tliill- 
Vit>  ui  tin  mlliniiiim-i 


IhHiIc.     T'nrrv  I     no  rilijr.u'ii  to 


r  :(.a  li.  r'  I'ut  tJK 


Lvitlui.1!;.     U  \v.i'=  ill 
tlic  Hi  II  ilii'tiiH   1111)11 


.  tlii-  tii\  lint  Ivirilu'lil  S<li«.iii''. 
k,  IS  laul  I"  liivi   I'.uihI  1411  lilt 


;iiiil  cull■•m^   1)1    iliiir  .iii'  til 
w.is  Kti  1)V  the  Lit.-  ilulif  An! 


r'l 


p  in    i'>i,iiiy 


I  W 


1.1'fn- 


ai(  ot  III  .1, 


,1!11'  'Jriil-  pt)H 


.Icr 


'V\w   Impcri.il  1  .Dullliip  lii  '^11 


1  f  M  s  I    !itii;iir 


twt'i  II  llic  jMincii'U 
ol  W 


triiu'iTniIf 


bt- 
litv  ot  'Hid),  til  'li.  anil  t(:tcoii:ii\ 
III.  i 


(I    l.iiMnrh    lo  iIk  alil>cv 


of  W.ilki  niciil,  Init  now  belong   U 


llu  .1 


Ul     ■  01 


UtunI 


wir, 


'I'lu    Impcil.il  Ciiv  of  N.  Ri'M 


•.iMFS  1-  fiiuntiil  on 


thi-  /"ifV''  'ibv  ii!  11  11  III-- 
was  toiiii'  il\   I'lK-  I)!  iIk 


louih-f.u'i  from  ( ^oll.'.i-.     Ii 
1 1  in*^- ro\sii'',  I     ivIjIr'Jul 


for  ii   iiiiioii'-  woi 
ric-  on  .1  gr 


ks  111  aUl'.iiKr 


;rul  tuiiiMi.',  .iiul  *■■ 


ir.nlc  in  ihc  iliililk-vy  iir.UKi'i- .     'I'lu 
mlui'.'itani"  .iiul  n.-iuiiiiacy  arc  I  .uilitrans;  to  i!ic  1  it- 


i-at 


tcr  o 


if  ul 


!i  -.m   ilic  c av 


tor  of   Bian.k-nbiir 


transtfial   all  \m  ri^la-  a',.l  pitroivaivi- 
in  conliJ- ration  of luint;  paii 


HI   l-i -, 
M  ilii   I  r\ 


1; 


ill  i)t  lit-  tiiiirrv-  It  (i. 
ttali  o!  loii'tria.  >  iii^ 
.'t  I  .r.w.  r  Saxon ', 


,1  a  liipiJaii'il  liini.  In  ilu 
i!'!  ii.iii!i  ua:  "11  ilif  Rli.  unh 
anil  llu-  fuu;:li  ani"iiv'  l^'"!'- 


Tlif  IniiKTiaK  itv  of  M; m  haum  s  is  lauat'-il  un 
tall   of  Ciiiil.     I'.    I'liit  >ins  2 


llic  rmiiu!,  40  II" 


Luih 
tor  .\ii2,i 

pufi  h.ili 


(.ran  i  liiir,.hi'^.  v 


'.  ith  uR'>iiiati  (.'.'.tl'.oliL-  tiiuii'laii  ii 


lUin 


k-  nun 
■  It    till 


In    the    I  .(111  I' 


illMIV      till  •     111* 


iiiMTor 


I 


,cv.i  ,  tin.'  onuc 


)fri:il  I'.R'iZi 


in  till- 1  lU  ami  ip.  pr.i'.ncf 


i.\   hu- 
ll Iio'- 


tlic  ninth  pla.c  on  !'.'■ 


huu  11  ot   i.r.pi.'; i:il  V  •III'' 
1  tiu  tliiid   in  ill'  If  ot 


in  ihc  ilicl    '  t  tlic  •  nip  :f,    u-i 

.l.,o,v..r   Sa\ony.     k  ua    1  ini.  ily  on^'  of  llic  i  lans- 

T-..'  ;••,  ai.il  lu'i'  ;'.t  prvlcnl  aiokr.ihk-  trail'. 

HiANK  i.NBtM.f;  :.:u\  ReinstI'IN,  thou^^li  twocnin- 
tic-,a;c  uliKill'  .iv.fi.kTcil  i<)i;ctlK-r  a^  one  thief  to^vn. 
TIrU' counius,  lo  ■itlicT  iv.ili  (^ic.'linliuri!,  Holicn- 
lt..ii,  Siol'icr,',  a;u.  Siluvar/tlnn>>.,  in  I'l.pcr  Sr  ■my. 
ula.ul'  iklcrii-.cil,  ...  r.  torm.ilv  oiu-  province, an. t  tlien 
f.-.Ik'il  Haa/mp,o\v,  i.e.  the  lliTuir.iaa  C>uin!v,  li:'v- 
iiit;  luvP.  a  p.'.it  111  tli'J  an.  ii.nt  H  r.  .uiian  for^lt,  now 
laTkd  Haa/,  o:  \ihuh  then  lliil  r.niairi  (jicit  wooib 
a:u!  1  .i;h',  tli..i  al  Diiinluiih  .j.aiue.  'lli  \  ..^e  liiuaici! 
loii'li  rroni  Bainl.v;i,  fou;',,-\i\li  froni  Magdc!  iiig. 
\k  .■'.'  troni  }-lail..  n':.i!h.  noiili  Iro'n  'rhiirivj,ia,  .-inii 
f.r.!  I;-o;ii  llikk  !'u:;i!.  k  i--  lo  lol'l  a  coiiirr\  ih.u 
ihc  Ino  V  he- .  n  i!  n'.ou:.t.iins  t:ll  Mnliii;n;'.;ci-,  anil 
riti'M-islitilc  lO.n;  bm  ilu- sailus  are  tlil.d  with  -ule. 
'l'\,.  ,:.:;.;:  :m;U-  .i;\  lb  irj,  :;.ii.l  v  inru/.^ii?,  ;inil  nv.iu  ol 
I'lLin  livL  ti.  a  Very  ureal  ai'.c.  Theri-  iiic  i.\'n  niiiit  > 
■;k  1    ni'i.!.!..  us   lii.'ot  .  :,i  h.  >  '.'led  H''i"'kcn.  or 


buislv.  I  I  I  IS  '.ctoml  iiul  l.iNo'.M  loll,  piiiiii-  !,cv\is, 
to  in.ike  hull  tijine  i  oiip,  iila.i)!!  t  >.•  the  ri'hi  of 
prinio^'  n:tiire,  wliiih  lit  liil  luwly  inir.niiiCiil  inn» 
liiifa.iiiK.  to  tli.ii  Um\  pieuiiliec:  Ibr  the  ISnii'iuu- 
print."-  hill  b.en  Ion.',  iileil  to  i  pnti  ion  ot  fiml  iit 
tluir  taniilie-.  till  iliat  inibini,  (o  p,  nm-ious  m  "r  ii 
oius.  vv  l^  tiril  .ibolilhcil  liy  the  Iliiio  cr  bi.ui  li.  A. 
llii>  (  •.uiiy  IV  iilicr  gives  lt^  potlillorihe  r.ink  ol  a 
lov.  i.ijMi  piiiiic,  or  ailiiiittaiK.  into  the  tol!evi,e  o|' 
priiui'  It  the  ihet  of  th."  empire,  the  th.  n  ilnke  of 
iilink.nburi;,  in  onk  r  to  pionMC  hinileh' boili  iliele 

;li  the  e'lVt  )r  of  1  I  in  mr, 
.1  lirii  the  vol.-  .iii'i  U.ii  will  li 


'OS,  m.ui>'  a  tri.itv  wi 


piivi 

wluTtii'   l!ie  I  itur  vr.  !i 


licinu'\  .■■!  Ill  llu   iiul  for  h:.-  din  hv  ol  ( !iub 'iihafv  n  i 


liei  1 


ml  111 


ami  the  ilnk.-  e;i(:;i;;e.l  n.ver  to  V"! .  ..t  the 
>oniiirnii'v  to  ilie  tin.inient'  '-'t  iIk'  iki'for;   bin  a!t. 


ir.i  il'j'.  c..'i' 


.1  M  tl 


till'  vot;  am 
le  eki'or. 


le'l.'.'  1  tor  (; 


rii  iiih.iU'.ii  it- 


Tir.  louii  ot   IVianiM  iibii';",  is  llMi.iir.l  ?,   mil  s  ufil 
't  '.hieillini'Uij;.  aiul  .\o  fii'ii  oi   W.  lienl'iit; 
I  III'  tl 
I'liail,  api;  liie  l',M'..:es  r.r.'  ;ii-lii. 


;ur  oi  I'.ie  print  ip.'l  'v   o 


Uiv  of  ihe  link  >,  ,.!i ) 


Anh.i'.t.     J!    I-   but 
■in.!   iiK'onv.';ii  ni. 
.ill'e  luir,  otrf'iil  i!'o 


mil  I   11  ■II'-  ill  It.  n 


ah  tor  bnlklin^  t;i.:tis,  a: 


I  .-ill  III 


lii^ 


luer  I  '  111  ;  re  ill  in  \vi 


li  t:;ru  ,  and  li'.e  ail- 


but 


v.ith   lit  111.  I  el  . 

'Ml.  Coimty  of  RAN/.Af  is  I'lvr^it  io  m  1  -  ''in  •■, 
anil  li.\  I'loul,  anil  his  a  foil  t^kralVv  teiihe.  li  was 
'  fv.rnierlv  call,  il  ill,'  bai.iw'ck  ot' Bari.ill, '.It,  aitevwir.l. 
ir.',  I  li  inio  .1  ioiin;v  o!  .he  cmpiie,  by  ilie  unptrir 
l'ei\! 'i-i.tl  111.  Baniiil  lit,  ainaik  i'  'un  on  the /\' c, 
am!  r.lmik.un.  ai.'-h,  r  n  iikti  own  on  lii-.-  I.ur.c 
nvvT,  are  ll'.c  only  j  lac.■^  ol  any  ti'iili>kr..iiOM  in  ihe 
vvlu'l    ciunty. 

Tik'  p:iniip.'.lilv  of  RAT/.niiT.r,  bil  n  s  to  the 
Sireli:/.  f.iniib.  but  <I"C  noi  e.-ii'.iin  .I'lv  pl'.ie  worthy 
of  n. iii.'.  e\iept  the  town  ot  Rai  ■  :  o:  ■,  u  ..le  the 
rej;uicy,  tnatiiM  ,  ami  lonliilory  ai'-h.M,  1  in  wliieli 
bdoii'^Z"- 'o  the  ilii'livi-.f  Sa\i'  La\en'iiri;;  i-.il  lllt; 
lowIl  oi  S.  o.ib  '",,  whiti'ivv'S  na  m- 10  a  b.ihvviik, 
ami  tormeflv  i;  n  ained  an  e[)neo|    !  p.iia^  c. 

The  ['iini  r,:al  IV  ol  SciiwiRis  i^  t'l  ■roniukil  1  v  the 
ilii  h.v  oi  '.he  ;.i"i' 111 •;:!',  aiplth  I 'uhhip-.  <it  \\  i  nvar 
ami  Ror.  '^r..      b  r.  io  ni-lts  k.nt?,.  li  ^  bioaJ,  a-.d  was 


lornicib 


■n'.Iir'L,   out  lei 


ul  a;/.;d  .'.I  the  |  e.^  j  ol 


tS;.vklbei...  i;i.  Broaciu   o!  the  1  ...i.n-.    i-  re...n..i;i  U  e.'iihalia.     'l  h    o:;lv  p  ai  ;  u -  ot  no:  i«e  iir,- 

tlK^t:llUt    nCeruvnv.  ;       B^a/'s  a  i-.v„  ■.  i-.te  ii -■  !■  lb  p^  loinKrh  rt  mkil  ; 

iL'uiM     H      koniir-    a;.l    I /' ..i^  erode  i     a    r.-  ii  an.l  R!u:n.    ^  hi  ii  i^  v- -  n  m;.  lo  a  b  iiwie)..  .m.l  con- 

m.l.,..i:iei,.;    .  .all. a   !i:mi:.''    Hot.     |..,.  ,   ,••   ,1,!.  i:  t.an   .i  eunMUl  'or  I '.it     whof'   :••   P'vb,  ,n. 


I'w  e'  '.Lir.    -t   II  '-Li'is    i 


l.i  e.  ;s  f> 


c -veivr,  IJ'.urr  ,  '    wlil.hl.,.    a   n.ui'i  \  i '■:  ...'C- ;   bill 

lAinc  .ver  -o..:.'.  in      .'  .1   o!  it  ;   ih  ;,'.h     '•     ■  •■:    the 

ruin.r;    h.,ve    .litiini  d   t^    ■:  U..\t:  y.oA-    is   t.ir  in  it    .i- 

C'"' ll.i  •,  wh.Ji    1.    2o  mil  ■-.     J  ..irjv-;  b"n- >  I  i    f'l-'H;; 

i:..,iui.-    Ii'.\;  1-e^i:   ■he'i  i' ii-'I  uiit, '.i.n-h  thi   '.e';',!!- 

L- ur.i.;-,  ■-■eniry    k.  i-p  ior  i  ;iiti  ■  ;    iml.  a'l'o    '    .ihir^,, 

tiie  ikeieion  .f  a  g,'a:.t.     'I'li  r.    ar.    :..orr,!    ro,  i.,i    ra'is;:inii;h 

n   ir  ih-  eonv.  lit    ot    Mii  h.'..  hi .  in,  am!    iv)     l.u    bom  j:  Medt  n. 

Bimk   :,!.,, r.r,   whu  h  re;.r.  h  ni  f.'.o  monk-  iii  t '-ii  pio-  i  I       'I'iie    DuiiV   oi    S.\  \  t-1  .  \'.'. 

p.  r  ii.ibil  ,  a-    UK    1.    .IS  !l  shcy  wtieiarvi-il  .  in.  mi'l  i'  pr 'i..'-.   -I  h  ■  I'.:  i.    in.     I'.a"  I 

ih'T, 'ore   arciallel  tie  Monk- Ci  li^'.-.      \kriViallle 

-;e   tuun.!  in  ii' le  ■  .)'  liii- '.  uii  the  l"p    o!  i.:.i.  i  tfiii 'le 

roi'ks,   .11.. 1  ;o;  .e  .i.nu.v    hv.v.'i  oul  ol  the  lOik    ;   'ul 

ti.ev  are  ii"!  ii-^L-ndd.     'fli    n.ol'.  i.  iii.nl- ..L '  •  i.|  llniu 

i.'.\,:.l   tv-.d    Bi'iLk'.liei',',   wh  .  li,    Ih  ■    uih  hi;  ,i-.i^   li\, 

\v;.b   bialt    ;o  -    ■■    i    bh'i    C  hull.   b'.    liic  Lh.nit  :,   a  - 

branch,  f  tlu.  SaNoii  ,  v.ho  !,  .d  ..:,  i.l  I  and  lemplc  ot  i  bir  t'hh  ;  ■  ne.r  ':  ni.e.  1  he  i.i,'.!;..:-,  eniiihn'loa 
SaruinlR'K',  \vl...ti  -■■  '■  .lil-ned  bv  Cii.nlenia.jne,  j  v  1.  ami  h-.u  m  ihe  de'-,  ar.-  ■  ;  ,;,  num.'-r;  .in.iiue 
v.hocalkd  ihi  I'l.iee  H..;i/,bui,  .  A  lak-'puh;' beii,i., !  iLi!  s  an- '  •■inpoie.!  oi  i.  .n  b  ;'«,  a.-i  b'.nrj.u-.  Li- 
1  I  .1      1  ..».    ...     .    .1       I. .1 1     ...    .1    .    ....         I        t li   r  ii.tt ! n  1-  I  r I-  I'll    1  »I.lb.  il  1  e 


m  1-.  HI  ii.ivjiii,  lu'.'  I'll  m  bi.a.ith,  .'Li.d  i-..ider- on 
:li  ■  HTiuo;v  ',.t  I  l...;:ou:'j-.  Ill  vivtiiri'e,  ab.m  .ds 
i:i  ^1  ,11.  I'l.,.  .  ..it:;t.  a:.-:  lilh:  ha-  n  o.'.n  i.).!r:-, 
enleliaflc;'.!  '.d  '..i\'.i:  and  w.i-  ^.ik,],  u.  i-;i,  lo 
ihe.l"-i  .'.ut  II.  ;:.'.-  .  •.     '1  h"   h'-uL  itir.t    .ne   lai'he- 

( );i,  r!u!'.:rl"i,  oa  ih^  iiver 

■r"i.  I,  tlu  l.iii'ie'> 
III.'  n  donn.u'  >v  . 
it  IS  ^^.al.:.'(  hv  ihe  i-.!lv  ,  vi,:  u  'la,.!i  it  ;  a'.d  i. 
bo'ae.'ku  Iv  I  ki.leuioniii-A  :':  .m  1  laath.bv  iain.n- 
liuri^  on  ihe  loial,,  ai'.d  Me.  kl.ii    uii;  en  tiic  .an. 

'I'hi-  e  tiintv  i'  ml  v-.rv  teni'e  ri  ji  .an,  b'.it  ab 'und-. 
inlki.\,  (lUiui.i'j  ,  woo. I,  lati.  .  :'.lh,  t\e. 

)i    1     ab'H.t    .S-)    :m!e     in.l  n".tli;  and    I's  «,',i\  lU.H. 


>!  icov-rtd  ai  ih'- boti"m.  o!  th,:  hill,  in  ih'  iiiik-  ol 
bali'is,  duke  ot  Brunlwu  ,  lie  budi  .i  linall  lov.'ii  tor 
tile  ■.■.oikmi.n,  t  ilkd  Juhus  1  lall,  uiiuh  i,  r.oiv  urown 
rich  ..nd  lir»e,  I'y  the  tral;  in  lilt,  copp;.  l;-;t'dci  iiui 
P'jts,  wiic,  iSci. 


th.raniliii  is  ihe  eli..bhtlKd  leh;.,,..,;  and  iIk  il:r'.'V,  m 
grniral,ot  ih.r  ilial'.v.mav  be  phiecd  a-p;'aern-.  hirth'.Mc 
of  ni'.'il  oilu!  1  ouniii.  -.;  fir  tlie.r  an  nia-n  I')  li.er  holy 
functi'jn,  til'  II  humiliiv.  humannv,  •/.•,■.!,  .'nd  bcnevo- 
ieiiee,  a:e  uxh.  that  tliev  Iten.  ijineiii,  aalividiiallv, 

111'.: 


-iRAPIIV. 

rcfi-iirc'l  a  tli.dull- 
>  !<i  till  inilMuiJDrn 
l"'iiv  p  u\   loiiiity 

I  i  liii,,  <i  Will 'en- 
I. 'II,   I'l  nil  ■•  Lewis, 

\  I  >.■  the  ri-i;i  of 
ly  inir.xliu'iil  intu 
■;   t'.T  llu-  l!ni;iiuu" 

II  ti  ion  ol  l:i!ul  in 
[11  rnieioiis  I'l  "r-  ii 
iii'^. cr  lii.ni.  Ii.  A . 
(Iiir  iIk'  r:ink  nl  a 
tn'.i  tlic  i"i)llc\\c  lit 
tlu-  t!i.  n   iluu.-    of 

liiinlcir  l'";!i  iliiii- 
f!icl  )r  ot  1 1  111  viT, 

\i>t.-  .nil  I  U.lt  will   l» 

IV  111  ( iiulv.iihiip/  n  ; 
t.  ..I  tiif  ilii'i  Inii  111 
f  ilrri/i- ;  inir  a'l.  ■ 

jr  (iru    *.lll,.i<.v.ll    K- 

iiiatrd  ?,  r.iil.  s  \\t\ 
„  W.  l'iT.lnit!l-  .  .  u 
Anli.ilt.  Ii  1^  but 
.m.l  iiK'fMn\-;u  111. 
:'{.•  Ik ri',  iitK''\i!  (I'l* 
gratis,  ni"'  <!'.!  all  in 
111.,  and  il-.c  ail',  liut 

-Av)\'.i  lo  m  1^  -  'nil  \ 
■ab'v  Icriiic.  Ii  was 
ari.itl.di,  am-rwaitU 
If.  Iiy   ilic  tinpcv  .r 

V  ! '  '\vn  Mil  iju'  A'  I".', 
iiuii  on  l!u-  lame 
Liiiilid.i,.i;oii  in  tlic 


rnr,  i\l  n  s  to  tla' 
am  ,i'iv  pi'.i  (•  worthy 
at  '■, :  n;.',  w;;;ic   tiiC 

air  IkM,  1  III  whiv-ji 
^ascn'  lilt;;  i".d  the 
la  ot-  to  a  li.iiuwii  k, 
Ipaiac-. 

IS  I'lnuiiuKd  1  V  the 

I  I'dihipi  "t  \\  I  ir.ar 
I.  Ii  ■.  I'loa.l,  a-,i!  wa-. 
i./..d  .1!  -Aw  I  t.oj  ol 
1 , i.v  ol  no: uc  ;u.' 

p^  loitntrh,  ri'.idcd  ; 
a  i;  .ili'.viui. ,  mid  Cini- 
■:   i^'v  h  ,11. 

.Iv.v.l  !'.■  i:.l  C.  is  ^ 
;.iih,  .11, d    iMuk-r-  on 

V .  iv  [<  ;;i!t',  -d'ou  .lU 

I'.a-  1!  oA n  >  .!.;rr- . 
<  i  >iicd.  III  I  7  ;  I,  lo 
'].i.  it.iKt    aic   I  M'h.-j- 

liul'.nn,  I  III  iht.  iivir 

■.'■V'\i..  1-  th.-  I.iirhc'} 
■  (  n  ,  n  d(ir.n;i:o)i  . 
ii  ili\  II  :i  It  ■,  a-'d  1  ■ 
a:i  1  la  rt:i.  In  [  aiiun- 

bii;  ini  tiic  i.a't. 
II  |i'.:iii,  but  ali'vmi;-. 
■,!h,  .M-. 

'\\\  ;  and  i's  ^nxnull- 
;i.'.!:iir',  I'lUiilnv,  to  a 
;  iii  nui'.i'. 'ii;  .uid  the 
\  :■.,'.  li'.ir'.^i.ti-.  L'l- 
,..,;  aini  th^  1 1.  r.'V,  ri 
Lfd  a-  p;'lte^ll^  lo;  th"kr 

at,  iiiion  to  ihc'.rholy 
11 V,  zc  'i.  .Mid  hfiievo- 
i  J  ip.ciii,  aaltvidiiallv, 

iU'C 


riTRoi'E.i 


r,  F.  R  M  A  N      I.  M  P  I  R  V. 


7i7 


tlic    t'ollov 
gooil  pnc 


ll 


uiractcf   wliiiii   Drydcti  '^ivc. 


ol    the 


If  i<thf»  hii  pa 


rilli  »i 


id  Iv.'  took, 


])nl  n( 

Wltl! 

Sin  I 


r.i'd 
pi'ifnc 


or  cur 


,  fly  p.i 
witli  bell  aiiil 


liiarinp 


lull  ort'rini.r  n one 


L'ry  man 


tiee  to  loll  Ills  I 


Ytt  of  \vs  jiit'e  ll    hail  loine  to  Ijiarc, 

To  terd  till   t'lin-lli'd,  Mhl  t"  elotl'O  llic  lure 


l-i 


riih'il  111- wi-  to  iiiat 


iioorrr  than  liinii 


It 


.■rce,  _ 
not  U\ 


True  prieO^,  li.  laid,  and  preaehci'.  oi  il 


!sot  ilieir  I'ov'ivij'n  lord  : 
It  all  the  puhlie  Itor 


Wtw  only  IK 

Notliin::,  \v;i  t'eii^, 

Ivitnillfcl  riclu-s  to  rehivc  ilie  pi 

Who,  Ihoii'd  ihcv  Ileal  lor  w.mt  ol  his  r-liil, 

He  uid  .'d  liinile't  ai.M>niplice  with  the  tliiil. 


And  dill 

T.  r 


llie 


'  1   at  hind,  wiilunit  r'(;iieH, 
li(  k,  to  In  lour  tlit  dillieS'd. 


Hedulv  w.Uih'd  hi' 
.Aii.l  Ir  vu  the  prowh 


thick  l)\'  nii'ht  ind  d.iv 


Th 


111 


lent  tin  w 
frmiii  he  tani'd 


ai;  wolt'irdecniM  the  pi 
ily  f. 


t! 


pe 


X  .iv  a\ . 


nitent  lie  cli-ai  i 


V!. 


rpr  I'.e  the  i  leh  oil  nd  r  'ear  d. 
hill  ■  ir.'i'  'i,  liMi  nioie  h^  pra  ire  wioughi, 


(\  livin;;!'  ir.i  mi  of  the  tnilh  Ir;  C'uv.'  !  :) 
I  or  tin   l>v  !o!e    U'Vi  re  h'-^  hi  ■  he  liniir'd, 


:a'  a'!  nuiiut 


■111' 


do- 1 


I  i:ie  will'  h  till  V  heaii 


i'orpri.lh,  hrliid,  arepaueni   f.ir  the  lell. 
The  '  oM  ot  !i   V  'n,  who  lie.ii-  tli  ■  (iod  imp 

,  h'-ii  if"'  |i'   '  1  'll    I  iiin  i'  '  1  pi  I'liek' 


ali)ii'4  the  well  lide  of  the  Wtll-r.  from  tlic  (Jcrniati 
Oeean  on  the  north,  to  H'^\Tu  on  the  foiith  ;  and  lic- 
Iwieii  l.owii  SiXonviMi  ihc  eall,  and  the  Nvilii  ilamU 
111  the  well.  The  iiieai.ll  exlf;it,fium  i  mth  toiioiili, 
I-.  ilioiii  'ioo  mil.s,  .ml  I  ii'3  Iroiii  e  ill  ii>  well.     'I'he 


I'lpivialK  in  ll 


iilierii  part,  is  very  eo!d  ;  anil 


^■le.it  pail  of  the  loll  IS  iiiailhy  and   lurreii.     1  !< 
\ei,  il  h,i>  pLntv    if  >orn.tii'l  p.illiire;  Imt   tlr    hiiit 
Krvei  ehielii'  to  tecii  llie  1.'.  ine. 


i»vei\  O'diiiarv,  ami  Krve*  eliielly 
ol    whiih  till,  louiitry  has  j!,o  ,d  il 


ire  of  an  t.\e 


•lint 


lo  that  the  h.ieon,  and  partieiil.irly  the  haii 


ihev  lend  aluo. 


d,  ai\ 


iivus  aie  the  WMer,  tl 
ilk  Aa,  &e.     'I'he 


V-  ry  III  11 


h  elleenied.     Tli.' 


L'f 


the  Liiipc,  llr-  Roer, 


d,it 


meet  w 


lull, 


ith 


here, 


accoinniodition^   a  traveller  may 
uouioiilly  exprellei!  in  a  dil- 


vciy  eonuuoii  in  (iuinany,  whici 


1,  in  I'^iii'iiiii 


runs  tluis ; 


hint's  111  re  will  ihive  a  ir.ivellLr  nia 


.^oiiK  null 


ilniall  bee 


r,v  o.ine  n 


read, and  lodgings  bad. 


W,l!i'!i.ilia, 


coiifellcd  lo  be  t! 


Ill 


wrei 


heil 


part  ol  all  i  lerni.iiv  ;  ainl 


.1   loiiie  writers  are 


o!  opiiiinn,  tint  III '  ieiii]'er  ot  th.-  pe'pk'  is,  in  a  great 


niealun 


ith 


in'  the  ilimati. 


lev  are  ^^ 


)od 


ipri 


1  ih'ieis  upon  the  whole,  but  have  not  ta'.enis  in  i.nu- 
nion  with  the  oihir  (leiiiians ;  lor  iliey  apjily  tlieiii- 
lelvis  nuieli  more  to  the  breeding  of  ci'.tile,  tl;an  the 


eiiliivatioii  ol  arts  and  Iciences. 


'II 


e  greater  part 


of 


'I 


h    I'Aieh'.ii     im.'L!e  IS  no  I  ini'i  r  I.  en. 


AVi 

Wa! 


■,,'v  U-  ■  '1:1  on  whom  the  pi-ipK-tiui 
■  Iniiv  till-  biler  bralseontrii't  .i  mil. 


1  what  he  be;;' 


J,  hi^  bn  linen  li    leliev'd, 


And  jiaveth.e  ciMiities  hinilelt  rueiv'' 


(iave  while  he  taiie 


Bi 


eiailc  he  llvw 


ami  e'hl\'d  the  iiiori 
pro  f,  'I'.va  ,  ealv  lo  \y 


poi: 


I  tlihciiile  isa  prey  to  the  tyrann\  ami  avariec  of  eertaia 
fiiiiitiial  and  temporal,  wlio,  hav- 


liinli 


petiy  prini.es 

ill;;  great    vaniiy,  and   Imall    revenu.'.    to  lupporl   it. 


I  are  im  r..liv  inducei 


their  lubiM't-. 


•|1 


1  to  pli 


nuler,  rather 


th; 


-tcel. 


'bility  boall  of  tik  an.iijuiiy  of 
I  tli.'ir  petlii>iee,   bill  ilil'pLu    luiili'. r  eler.ante  in  their 
manner  ot  living,  or  the  leall  ilegree  of  h jf|)itality  in 
i  their  difpoliiion.     Ther.'  ate,  in  tliis  country,  alniolt 


as  man 


Holli   tlie   no'oilitv  an,',  commons  de'ive    tneir    pi  i 


vii. 


s  troni  an 


act  c.iiLd  the  I.a.' 'ii'iir' 


ihiil 


was  i;ranied  l-y 
idliliinied   in    .i 


( il  or^e  I.  k: 
1   Ps  anieles 


t  f. 


ill 


leat  LSI  nam,  .iiu 


Bi 


elk. 


Tl 


I.tuherin  flip  niu  nilaiii ,  ai'poiiiied    h)   llii-  kinif  ol 


K.u  l:;itaui,  IS 


ani-'  ui\. 

1  i..ie  . 


ll 


il   the  Lv.ral  p. 


du 


dill 


erenc  reli<j.ion^  as  princ.s 


fuel 


1  ai     eub. 


Roman  Catholics,  and  I'lotelkuits,  with  tli.ir  v.iiious 


lubdivilion 
\  mill 


'ui  tlie  niaior 


pan  of  the  laiier  ;ire  Cal- 


\V1 
and  u 


Chailes  the  (Ireatliad  coniiueinl  ike  S.ixon?, 


ilbllli 


Clinll 
III  -  li 


lanity  anioiii; 


tir 


re,  to  which  he  ijave  l.mds  for  their 


ir.  but  lew  niaiiula.'iu'.-i  ■; ;  Inn  muiy  lor.uiio- 
'ilk     .1-'  li.ir.lpoii.d  l.oni   h.-iiee   lo   oilier  lounl  les, 


.  luppoii.     In  ill  ■  I  h'l 


(.nil  111.-.;!.   ru',c  :e  ':  ,li' 


nneuliullii,  a   io..  Won 


le  of  Willpl 


lalia  are  three  very 


loniid  la'i'e   one,    who   li.id    fovereign   pun, c^ 


mere. Ik. .  tl 


ir.ini.iii.  ai  th  ■  iieneral  paitition 


w.is  niaile  o:    111    ''iiai  iliiKeiioni  i 


ol   S 


i.\onv, 


ati 


th.at 
er  the 


11 

and  i  111  :h    pilviii 


;.OOii!i:;.Ue  lo 

th.-    iiuhiIki- 


11 


no\er,  i    [  rol.ripf 


■f  H.i 


ind  then  ll  was 


that 


loini 


d  i.art'.v  by  ihe 


but  an  ;P|i 

ol  its 


pe.i 


the    P.ltLs; 
.1 1  oiiinl  >':\ 


Ike  lull 
the  .lie 


ion  o;   Mnnll 


■T 
ibian 


er  enl.iitie'l  lll^  luunir 


ll  CI 


oi;ne  o 


biai 


am 


I  th.it 


a,;d  thai  pari  of  Well- 


anil  th  ■  I  one 


I'es  111. el  ai  Kai/.. '  UI'. 


K.i;/,  1  ini.',    1 ; 


;iii  ii 


!■  id 


hk 


ll   s    I'o'.llli    of  L, 
th.  laa-.e  n.inu . 


wliith  ll-' lli'l  holds,  and    by   tli.it    tenure   llile, 
'he  ii  him:elf  diikeei   Wellph.ilia.     The  eld'tor  palatine,  a> 
if  Julitrs,  and  the  kin;;  of  I'luikia,  a--   duke  of 


;i  U  le  h: 
laih-tlr; 


.111. 


ilCi 


lif.i  lied  on 
-  111.'  KAI  o 
lul'.i.  e;   ha 


Cleves,  are  aliern.,tely  coi 
ihe  liilliop  ol  Munller. 


dii 


of  1 1 


lis  eiule,  w.i.i 


r: 


:e  ternioiie  i  .!u:i;ne..l  in  tin    ei: 


I  i  e  .liii'ul   w.i.K 
de,  .ind  a  llroii'.', 
,11  :ilnll  iic.ir  the 


1,1'iie'i    \ 
Mrrif  :i. 


;ib. 


riie  bilhopric  of  I'.MM-.RB'IRX,    ',\lli 


h.i-  a  c  'ninlera- 


folk: 


.Munlle 


Me  li.id   .   piv.     '  '  '.:1\    ii 

1   corti   .ni 

piiles  1  ..ll  .ll   111    ,:  ill  r. 

li.as  a  toi 

Velli;;es  ol  a  dici';  p..l.icv 

. 

Nl ollen,   aknal!  Kavii, 

1  '>  ni'i'"- 

r.i  .|1  I'urron   .1-.'  b\   l.ik 

;   (jiunai 

Bill  hen,  .1  \  li.i  e,  \\1ki 

diep.  .lie 

'/eiibai  ll  i;ives  n.i  ..e  lo  i 

1  ailr.'.i.k, 

.).' 


I    wi  od.      It  is 
,  and  lontaliis  liie 

I'loni   I..ulec,  i^  al- 
ls ,1  111  nket-lown  ; 
r  Id  ;   .mil   Scliw.u- 
v.hieh  lOii!  luis  two 


Copp.r  iiu.k  aiH 

Till    CIRCL 


I  )  t.ic  ilo:iiinions  Ol  I  1  ..  ■  :,  ii.ile, 
h.i .  the  county  ol  lap'peon  i lie  north  and  w.  ll-,  hLli'e- 
Callcd,  and  \V,iUkck,i'ii  the  fouili-,  and  Munller,  and 
thc'ui.hy  of  WMlph.ika,   on  t!ie  .' .'il.     his  40  miles 

II  111  e;'.ll  to  W'.ll,  ;ind,  in  f.  a,e  p'..;c    ,  30  from  north 
a  verv  I'u'h:^  III  CO!,!;  bur  abounds 

'10' lis    come    hitlit:   *'om  llie 
.  1  o\  at  ih.-ir  tair.s ;  .ind  they 


I'l  li'lllh.       1'.  is  I! 

I'  mill  h  in  c  itlle.  tiu'.i 

iii'ipjibouiiiuj;  1  uun.iii  1 


W  EST  I'll  Al,l.\. 


h.i\i   rich  liili  Ipiinp-,   .nj  kime  iron  mines 
ty  o!   deer  and  othei  ;',  u.e.     li  is   to    p ',  .' 


loruain  a,  m.iikei-t.)'->  -s,  54  par 
,l:id  10  i;enlle:iK'ils  li  -Is,  all  lub;; 


iV 


l-n-l   i,,i|;,  n.i\i    ricii  laii  ipiin^-,    .11.'   .oioe  iiou  lunii-^    ^      n  plell- 

IS    to 

c  ,  !  ■•  i.:.iiialleries, 

to  th.'  iiilkop,  who 

of  till;.  coiinnN  fioiii  Weil'-  I    I    a  priiKe  ol   ihe  enipir.-.   .uid  wkolc  ke  i-  .ne  jl  th© 

,ui- 


;iie  name 
e.  ;i  \v 


CCIMi:  derive 

fenpkd  11,  i.  e.  ;i  wiute  hone,  ti'e  aim-.ol  il 
lieiil  diikisj  kill  ,  ih.is  iiior.'  pi  >b'.i)K  li  0:11  W'elilield, 
or  \Vi  ilveldtn,  the  coiinirv  of  it^ainien;  inli.iiiitant' 
the  Well  Sa.xoii-,  on  the  well  lide  of  ihc  Weler,  b.'- 
Iwixt  ihal  and  the  Rhine;  as  the  coi;ntr\  on  ihe  other 
iiJe  was  called  dollvelden,  or  EalUiekl.  ll  Uiticlics 
No.  oy. 


.1 


iiioi;  I  oiiii;  i.iOic  in  cniiiiin'.  l'!\e  ci'.i;  1 . 
p'fe'loi  '4  i;i|iuul;tr  i..ii.,n  .,  wli.)  .ne  .ill  i 
lludy  inlo.r.e  I'lemh  or  Uali.in  univeiru'',  n 


coin- 

■a  to 

i  e  21 

year- old,  and  [i-ove  tlk'.i  n.iii'e  extra.';  i-.n  bs  tourde- 

;;iees.  I'he  reveiiu.s  of  this  lee.  which  is  .'.  r.iH.a;j;an  of 

Alent/.jand  now  eiijovcJ  by  ihe  eleclor  oi  Cologne,  are 

i;  F  '  very 


ill 


w 


in- 

'U. 


d.'-'j 

■    .'!! 
'I 


lis  |« 


I  i 


:  if 


ill 


A  NTW,  ROYAf.,  a\d  ArTIlENTJC  SYSTEM  ot  TNIVFRSAL  GEOCRAVfiY. 


tin-  I'opilli  inhabitants^  ot"  thfll  parts  to  .illbmlilc  oner  a 
war,  each  with  a  li<j,lital  taj-c-r,  ant!,  htailiil  In  ihiir 
pnelh,  to  repair  to  the  woods  anil  (proves,  to  \ilit  inii 
i;cs  and  relics  placcil  thirc   in  httle  tliapii,  v.hiih, 
cxcopt  upon  iIkIc  oitafioi'.s,  arc  ii  vcr  opened. 

War',  e,  torincrly  an  Imp.  rial  i  ity.  and  one  of  thi- 
H.ui;-,  n  i:ic  I'ecomi  V  ity  in  rank  in  the  i'ilh'  pi  ic,  an  1 
liu.'  Icat  of  a  diet.  In  the  ncigliboiirliO'  1.I  aie  in\ne  •  I 
n'on  and  lc;id  ;  and  a  llroiig  p. datable  beer  u-.  b:e.-.id  1  ; 
tile  inlMbita.il-. 

Eraivel,  un  iht  Hiu  k.1,  was  formerly  an  Iripii,  ; 
cit-,,  but  is  now  grtatlv  de!.a\eil;  and  Dnnlveriur .; 
h.ii  a  I  iiadel,  and  r>  a  leat  01  tlie  land  ihef-. 

15.  veroni^en,  near  tiie  eop.lUix  ii(  the  Hevir  wiihtiu 
Welt;',  1^  tamou-i  tor  iis  lalt-lprinns.  and  ha^  loni- 
trade-,  and  Orenburg,  on  tJLe  Mouta,  !■..■•  a  fipod 
trade  by  barj',t^;  anil  the  nt'ghboiniiio  larnieib  breed 
<.;ieat  ipianiitusof  e.'.tile. 

'1  h  ■  liill'.oprK  oi  MuNSTr.R  has  th,'  ioui.i\  it"  M  nk, 
and  iluchy  ot  Wellphalia,  on  thcliiutli;  I'.nil)  1  11  ;.!i,! 
Oidenbvnj^,  on  lliei'orth;  tlie  e  nini\  o.  l!en;',.;  ;ni, 
aiul  the  Lhnted  I'roun.es,  o'l  l!ie  v.ell;  and  Oin..- 
burg,  I'adeioorn,  aid  Raveiilhnri;,  on  ilie  talf. 

'I'liis  i.-.  tlie  mill  e.Menlive  ot  ail  the  i  illiop'ics  '■' 
W'-iiphaha,  !  e.ng  ,'0  miles  n  !  hl  li,  and  ..l.or.i  .' .-> 
in  jir.adth.  ll  ii  l^  1  .nie  irjiliol  pi;-.i,is,  a  t.w  «■"  i'-, 
an.i  many  qe.a':ie>  ol  Itone;  b'.'t  i^.  1.1  !;en.ral,alK  ■_ 
ei  '.intry.  '1  iie  puneipal  nwr  ('.vi  idi  .;i  n.in.l  m  inl,  , 
lie  tlie  Kmb-,  \'ecl-,t,  Lippe,  a;ai  H  rkel.  (iveat  rauil- 
beisol   black  cattle  arc  bred  I.eie. 

The  provmci  d  iliet-,  which  confilt   ot   the   iIt'tv, 
luibL?,  and  t.Avn  depulie-.  are  held  at  MunlKr;  ,.i   i 
til-  grcatell   pa;t  ot   the   inhai''Hani'i  are   Ri^nKin  Ca 
thuliC'i.     '1  h-.-  iiilliop  ol   Mup.lKr,   who  is  alio  ii;i:a!ie 
el.-.lor  oi   Coloi;ne,  hasawr,    (..nfal  re.l^ie    rcveni!., 
laii  maiiuain  iSooo  men,  and  b  hc;i  to.iU  IbMniicis  wii  • 
die  m  hi-    tcrriioiies  witlioiit    c'nldrin.      Ti.c  i  ha:  l. 
ol  Munllcr,  bclidcs  the  bnliiij',  conlil^.^  ol  .|c  ■  aii'.  . 
l^h  I  moll  be  all  ot  noble  deicent.    Tiic  pnntipa!  nlaec  . 
in  the  bilhopnc  are  the  t"oi'i.\\i:'j,  : 

Mmil.r,  ;h  ■  cap.ital  ot  tlie  li'ilioriti  ,  and  of"  ;!_ 
cici  ,  tieiives  II-  n.'.llle  tpmi  a  nv  nalleix  enel  d  h  1  ■ 
oy  Ch:'.:'  m;<j;:.c.  It  isfltiiated  at  the  conflux  »(  d 
rr.ir  Aa.,  \v:th  die  Mmb>,  or  I'aui^,  ;;  miles  railh-u'e:'. 
r 'm  ( >;!;aiHMj_,  and  4;o  nort!.-'.\' l!  tioMi  Vienn.-^.  '; 
15  e.:paci.'U5,  ltronj;l\  foriilud  biotli  li\  art  and  na'i  ;e, 
and  lit  a  lUful.ir  torm,  I  [,re  is  a  noble  cit\,  c:dled 
[':e  Miille,  ^s!lic!l\va^  erifted  ly  the  i  elebr.itc.i  bilhop 
Bernard  \.\n  (iaicn,  to  lie  a  cluck  upon  t!;e  laii;;!'i. l^. 
Tl.e-  i.itliidral  is  alio  a  tup  ■!>  and  noble  cdifiee.  !i  ■ 
:i  le-  liiefe  ll, ere  are  )',.\\imI  liP.e  eon\ents.  ,.nd  e"I;  1 
'■.eautdid  bui'dititn,  l':irioiii;di  1  !  v  ven  pl.alar.t  f.:;- 
i.\c:\  .  The  bdlii.p  wa-  tor;iieil\  nomuiat.d  I  \  ill.  u'  ■ 
peioi;  iiut  l.n.  e  the  b.;:Mnn  !ig  .  f  the  1  '.ih  ce;i;  urv,  dn 
|^ri\  ilip,!  '  t  nonunalr  •!!  is  1:;  tl'.c  de;-.:;  and  (.lapier 
Till!.  City  ii  lelciraleii  to;  thr.  ■  tatno;;  !r..nl",;.:ti.in  : 
I'irli,  the  re\o!oti"ii  m  i ;  ;  ;.  ih  i  al;  nc-.l  I  v  a  iniiv.bei 
<j|  enlhuliads  v  !h)  bemi;  lu  ad  >l  by  a  ta'.  i  r,  d.n  ,;;'.i- 

—  -..    ...  .,,w.,,,, V, ..,,^.,,|,vvv..  ...      ;i  ii-d  y«™  ,-/' /.,;v</i«,  Ir.'iii  the  pi  ;cc '■;  Ins  b.rdi,  <:i'- 

ir.:;.jd-;  e  LtI  erain:ni  ;   b':i  (h.  I  liliop  ex.  ci  t  d  1  o  .,('      [)  ili'elicd  the  i:,aj;il!iate'. ,   l(l^)k  poll' tii   n   ui    t' e   i  :y, 
the  pr,  le.p  I'  (  r  /ens  .ilio  h-e.l  end)!.,'.'  d  u,  a: id  hjri  .el  '  j  turned  out  the  i'urglu  ;■  ,  a;al  pei;    tralcl  li'.e  iivi'i  :ioi 
t!;  ■ '■-l'.  to  .ib'u  .   11.      In  i-i;;    I'le  tnlh-p  e)l    llaibci-       rid  ciuekies      At  length,   n   1;;').   a  ti  r  al.in'  li    ■   , 
;* .  it,  v.i'.i  .v.i  diil.e  C'lr.di.iii  ol  Bmiihvic,  made  u  Con- •    the  place  uas  taken,  and   jnl'.;i   ot  L>i\den,  wIm  i...,( 
!;.le'.ible  bi-ay  h'  i--,and  lent  the  >'  'id  and  lilvei  .m.iiies  ,  1  aliiinii  d  th''  title  ot  kinti.  uiiii  I'ewral  ot  hij  adi.eii  i.t- . 
o'   the  lair-.ts  I"  the  mint.      In  lO  ; ;    it     wa     taker;    by      uire  executed,  atid  their  i 'Mie    In.n  _  up  in  ipmi  '   OKeu 
A\i!h,ii).,  landiM  i.t  ot  Hefi'e  ;   lull  delivered  up  tu  the      on  llie  1  .p  .i|   ll.c  hi^lvell  lleei'li  in  ihc  i  .t   .     .'  e.  nn  1, 
empei  ii    in    I'.oi.     In    i6.|')    it   I'uirendei'-d   t')    ihe    |  the  tn-at\  cmik  liided  here  in  r'.j!-).   v.lm  h  leiniinated 
S.vtd.s  and  Hell'iai  s;   bjt  the  latter  were    lu  m   diuve!|  .;o  y.  .10  war.     Third,  the  n.ible  ertbri'  if  mid  ■  i-;  vi. 
out  o!   11  by  l-"i  11,,  I    Wila'iii,  bidiop  ot  Oli.aburg.       ' '  leiic  .  of"  its  libernes,  ap,  nn  i  ihet\  r  inn;,   in  .  uli.: ;    ■ .  '. 

Neuliaie. ;    .  l»o;  .n^  ,  with  a  c.dlle  ;  A'tenheckeii  is  J  ol  th.c  bilhop  lii-'n.Lrd  Vati  Galen. 
a  vill.i!^^;  vM'.l,  a  leniaika'  i«  Ipriii-tj  S.il/kott-.n  lia;.  its  | 
name  from  le,  ;altl;)iia.i:,  and  1.'  the  leal  ot  the  land  I    the  Fe,nbsj  -.ind  Waicndolf,  on  til 


v.-rv  c.mlidcrab'c ;  a-id  the  billiup  i^  ali'e  to  rail'e  a  bo- 
ib  .)'■  ^e-o.)  nun.      In  this  bilh'pric  i'  ih-' t'amous  field  i 
ot'l'atile,  where  Qumtiluis  X'arii-,  wnh  the    Roman  , 
irnv.  under  his  command,  '.'.as  routed  by  theCrmans 
-,.iid.r  Aiminiu  ,  and.  the  latter  lhe:eb\  heed  tiom  the 
Ro.iian  voke. 

In  d'c  tr.:n!i'..'tion  of  t!u-  Royal  Soeietv,  iniblilhed 
in  Dec -mb.r  if'i'5,  there  is  an  aeMiunt  ot  a  lp::n^  m 
this  territoiy,  win  :i  Ict'e  illell'uvii  e  in  24  hours;  but 
letiirns  e.it!'  a  L'rcat  u  ■;1",  .md  Inch  force,  a-  to  turn 
three  mills  n  ■:  tart"rom  its  louree;  fir  wliicli  reatim  it 
I  .all.d  Mvilder  Horn,  i.  e.  Roill.  rous  Spring.  There 
is  a.iother  remarkalile  f.iuniani,  cilled  M  the--rn,  two 
miles  tV.iin  Paderborn,  which  is  a  terrible  Ipiiii;'. ;  tv,o 
jiarts  ot'  which,  n.iia  toot  and  an  li.i'i  I'oin  eai  h  uiher, 
iiev,-  ve^y  ihlVerent  o.iialities ;  tli.  '.  v  limjiid,  blueilh, 
lel.ewarii,  .lii.l  contamin'.;  l.d-arniD.n.ie ,  O' hie,  iron, 
V.rrii.l.  ill.im.  i'ulphiir.  ;.i:r.  ,..n.i  urpinieni  ;  the  oili.r 
coll  a-  I.e.  ti.:bid,  anil  edi  iidi,  with  mu.  h  the  l"amc 
cont-nts  hi:t  llr.in-er  in;a''l-,  .ind  l..-a\  1  r  thm  ili 
bet'orc-m.-ntioneel.  It  1  I'iid  to  iie  .1  p.ileet  eure  lor 
th- V,  irm..  All  t'eivvl- th.u  d.imk  it  iiv:  imm.di.itely 
liuvnn  into  c.  nviil!i"iv ,  but  livin  ic.nv  led  bv  an  In- 
tidi'Mi  iM  e'.<'-V.mon  i'alt  .\i\d  vir.  t;.ir.  '1  '  e  third  Ipii;;-,:, 
vdiich.  is  a.  oe.t  t>v(-',tv  pace-lrom  ilieoih.i  two,  i,  ol  .; 
gre^niih  C'linr,  b.it  very  il.ii,  talle  b 'th  hur  ;i;id 
iwei.r.and  i--  i'uppvif  d  t"  !■•  .:  m'Xiiiir  ot  the  othertwo. 

Tee  c  ,\  o;  r  .dere. vn,  \.  111.  ll  1  ';ne  o!  t',e  H.m:-. 
Town-,  i- a  1.11;;',  m  11  built,  l.irini^d,  and  pipni'ius 
citv,  20  mile  call  ot  Lippe,  and  ab  uit  ^'>o  lou'.h-well 
of  Hanovc".  Tnieitv\va  'mpon.il  till  I'-oa,  whn 
Til- 1  1  r  ,  ii  i'llliip,  I  e  amr  b  itii  !'  Ipiiitual  and 
t'-Tipj  al  1>  v.-,-ei2,n.  S  niv  e't  if  e!.;;-.'  e-  are  iiKioni- 
hi-e'v..  It-  ca:'.i  dral  :■-  a  i;ran.!  libii' ,  i.iii  lior  to  lew 
m  '■he  em-plre.  Olli  <  11.  s  \'»'-'  '  golden  ciuciiix  to  it 
o'  eo  pounds  viLij,!)!,  t  1  tliC  v.i'ue  ul  'o.o.io  guild  rs, 
or  ab  ut  !-1cod'.  llrhnjj;.  Ti.e  i'lllioii'  pala.e  is  a  de- 
cent Ori,-t,i,-e;  '  iii  the  b.lli  /p-,  when  they  vou,  h  at  ■ 
to  \ilil  this  Irmll  beiieii- e,  whkh  i- not  very  often,  te- 
tide  I'even  irnle.  oii',  at  Nieiilms,  a  callle  Ir.iilt  111  \  :,i.o. 
An  unr>er(itr  e.is  loir  .led  liere  in  1  ;  ii,  b\  ili.-  bilbi  p 
cl"  Tu'llenJnir^  ;  .\r.-l  in- ii;.;'i  I'.i  (.iiv  iLinds  n-i  i.ir 
from  the  Lippe,  e,  h.^h  ii  an  wit'i  tie  I'l'-.  -,  i:  .;r  N--  :i- 
lie-,  'el  it  ha  il-nimc  tmrn  ;!..  I'.id.r,  a  i  i\  ukt -\lii,  h 
lias  I's  ri.e  'id'  und  rtl.e  h;^'.  alt.u  o!  it-  1  ..th  eh.J,  anel 
B'  •■  n.   i.  e,  .'.  Ieri-;i>_. 

I.i  •  •  -  Cii .;  hm  i^n.  'iM  l  .eii  re!  i  onventr  ■!)  lure 
Ol  I'le  bia:,;.-  .uid  S'.xj'i  ,  .dier  /.  LVen:  number,  lioth 
ct'  S.i\o"..  and  \\'e!lp':a!  ..a  ,  e.eri-  oapl,/  d.  He  b.nii 
a  cluiril:  !i  Te  tli.it  .•.  .s  de'.li  \ut  b\  ti.e  .Sa\  ill.-,  but 
re',  u  ';,  in  -1}:,  ■  W'ltrerii,!,  t'  e  ;j,re-,ii  dul.e  ot  tl- 
S..N  1:1  ,  \'.'  Mt'ie'i,  ;i  i  i..,d,  lr..n:'uei  l!ie  I'.-.-  Ini'ier 
from  ITiiiic  I,  live  fjiman  m;!e3  oil",  wl  ere  it  had 
been:,:'t  plae.ied  I  v  (  laileir.i.euie.      In  o  .•,  liie  lathc 


dral,  wit.i  it    ';!,. 

was  dellro'.  c;  !)\ 

tie  y^ars  10 -^:,  1  :  ,   .  ii^--.  .  n  1  1  ,e,o. 

liril    w  .ije.l    rv'.r.d    1       it-  I elle.p,   111  t 

the  I  nil  c  .- 


til.-  ''i  It  pill  o;  the  citv, 

.1  i  1:  '..  d  ;l;i-  i.Le  ll..  tort'., lie  in 

'  '   '     -n        T!  I     ea\   -.N.ls 

be  >.,iiinj;  <  d 

la  ,  i;otlu  ndiabit.'.nt'  aitempted  to 


diet-;   1 


ii.ht  n.ui  li.i     tile  l.^.m  ■ 


I'jrivilei'e 


Wuni 


buit;  take",  its  name  tiom  ,1  vif-.torv  oitaincd  her 


Cnarlemaijnc  over  tlie   .S..mi. 
Al'iie,  has  a  coll  '?e. 


lid    li 


liiiieli,   01 


by 
1    the 


B  ckh-m   and    Aideii,  on  the   V.'el  r ;  T-'.j 


l"aini 


ua.  a  caniia 


Lippelpning  derives  it-i  ii.»nie  from 


the  Li 


ppc,  near 


the  iii'.iuth  Oi  which  a  i-.  li-.uaicd.     hu  cullom.iry  fgr 


leais  m  the  luid  dieis.     'I'lie  htte 
manulactory. 

C'jCbfeld  r.  tlie  lai-;^'.fl  town  in  the  bidi^pric  ne-t  ■  . 
Munllerj  CoppenburfT  15  ind,. pr-nd'.nt  ol  the  billiop  . 
Wcine,  near  the  Lipp'',  lend-,  ilepuiicc  to  the  d'c-j: 
BuchoU,  oil  the  A,-,  has  a  'Jinlidc-able  ironwork;  r.v.  I 

ftL-ri.aciu 


170,,  ll 
ti;e;iei.i!, 

I  he  , 

rial  CI' 
vi  ry  lev 
lliop,  u 
a,  uell 
lor  t  .ino.. . 
'Th;.  bidi. 
<e.l  piiiic 
Kvron.es, 
pe  ple,wi 
siv\  is  al  ' 
<i'ppiel]iii.' 
C":UI'.oIk- 

Tlie  ir,: 
Hi'lland. 
are  every 
herrint;- , 
hroiiglii  I 

Then  1 
I  living  lei 
men's  pui 
ci.mplrat 
inile.id  01 
biiithens. 


DGKM'UY. 

irts  to  .idem' lit"  one-  :t 
and,  hc.u'til  h\  tlitir 
t!  ^rovi."^,  to\ilit  ini.i 
litilc   iliapf!  ,  wliiih, 
n  A\T  o|ii.'n'.d. 
\1  I  ity,  .uul  OIK-  of  i!'.;- 

in  t'lic  i'illi'  |v:n:,  .ml 
jourliO' il  .lit'  iivni;     ! 

ib!c  beer  u  li;i.-.i(.il  I  ■. 

tormciiy  nn  Iniriii  ', 
il ;  ami  Diii.kiriHi'^', 

l.UKt  tlict'-. 

ol  the  Bevi  r  wuh  tir,- 
iiiiiyrs,  and   lias   Ion!- 

llouta,  I'.'.';  ,1  jiood 
Lioun.'ig,  larnieis  hai'' 

,s  til.'  loui.iy  "t  M  irk, 
e  foiitli;  Mnibd;  n  wr..] 
c  Mint\  (i;  l<eii;l..  :ni, 
tlu'  \Mi!;  and  Oln.- 
.!r';,  Oil  ill;'  c.tlh 

'.'.I  the  1  il!io|v  ics  '■• 
.n-_:li,  and  ..l.or.i  r  ^ 
,  piai.is,  .!  Lw  «■  «  1-, 

:j,  i:i  t;en..  ral,a  111 
•.'/;  1   1\  a!  iiiml  ki  li,!,  'i 
!  H  rkel.    ( i:ej;  laun- 

:onfift  (if  the  1 1  ti'v, 
h-Jii  at  MuiilKr ;  .'.i  .i 
!aiU>-  ,iiv  Ri'iiLin  Ca 
.r,  who  IS  alio  ii'.ualiv 
t.':il;d  r.-.lile  ivveniK, 
i.:\  to  .ill  ll'Mlliieis  wii  I 
iildn  '1.  Ti.e  ( lin'.ai  - 
^■|l^ldl.^  o;  .JO  ■  .iii'i  :■ 
.    T!ic  princij'.i':  pla^ci 

li'.iliopti  ,  and  of  !!i> 
nv  n.dlery  friLt  d  1'  r  • 
I  ,;(  ill',-  conflux  o!  il 
ns  ' "  niiks  I'ailli-we;'. 
■">  li  ti.>:n  Vic":n.^.  !; 
•lOtli  li\  art  and  na'i  :e, 
1''  a  noiMe  cii\,  (  .IKit 
■  llie  1  iltiir.itfd  l.ili'i.p 
».k  upon  t!u-  llUlp^'.l^. 
nd  nobk-  edifice.  !i  - 
e  eonvents,  .inl  c'r.  i 
i  !  V  ve;\  pl.alant   ^v'.i  - 

noniin:u.d  I  \  tli.  i  v.  - 
t  tlu  I  '.ill  ei  nv.nv,  ;!u 
he  de.-.::    and    el  a;'ler 

■  f.iiin;;;  iranlactKin  : 
eial:>:ievl  I  v  a  miir.l'ei 
d  by  a  lav  1   .',  d.-n  .;:;i- 

pl  ;ie  '■;  Ills  b.ril!,  Ci'- 
pol!'.  Ill  11   oi    t'.e  I  ;y. 
ip  ii.ile'.l  th.-  ir.  I'i  \\o\ 
,  ;6,  a  t.  r  a  I'li  •  li    •  , 

ot  L..  \,!-n.  wiM  t...d. 
evvial  n't  li^.  adLeia.t-. 
llun  ;  lip  in  ii'Mi  '  .!i."l5 
1.  ill  die  I  ii  .  J  e.  'iiid. 
\V).  V, liicli  tei ruinated 
e  crt'ori'"  It  iind  •  ri  .:.■ 
t\  r  m:v.   '.c.  uluip  'i  i. 

'!>■  We:,,  T\  ..  ■■. 
:!■!'■  fajiii:  live!',  I.  c^••  '■ 
tier  lia,  a  capital  i.ii  ' 

n  tlic  bidi^pric  w-s  '  . 
p'-niJi  rit  oi'  tlie  billiop  . 
rlejiulK'C  to  lite  ci'<"i : 
dcrable  iro:i  work;  r.n  I 
Moni.ijciii 


ET'ROPr:.] 


(,   !■:  R  .M  A  N'      E  M  P  I  R  E. 


759 


M.nimep.i  is  .a  to'.vn  an  I  lort,  at  the  e(jiillu\  of  the 
Hale  I'nil  i'.ins. 

Ai  Weeidt,  onthe  lIlM,  the  riMiellant  aivi  ileraied  : 
Vrihli  is  a  town  ami  tori  on  the  riv  r  o!  ih.' tain.' 
name;  and  Cloppenburg  is  a  lin.iil  town,  ij.  niik  . 
norih-'alt  of  .M.ppen. 

The  bidiopric  ol  Likoe  is  bounded,  on  the  nonh, 
i>y  Kaliaiit;  on  tiic  i"',iili  l)y  Luxeiiibnii:;  and  Cli.ini- 
pai^iir  ;  on  the  weli  by  Namiir  ;ind  1  lainault  ;  and  on 
tlie  eall  by  Limbtirj^  and  julicr--.  It  is  aliout  vo  niiLs 
lonj;,  but  verv  iineqiuil  in  the  iileadili.  'I'he  loil  i- 
fruittiil,  liic  ail'  t  nipeiau-.  ami  ihe  earth  lieh  in  iiiin  s 
of  iron,  lead,  and  pit  toal.  Tlu  rivers  are  the  Maeie 
and  Sa'iibre. 

The  maniitacturc^  of  Liege  arc  beer,  I'erge,  leather, 
arni>,  nail  ,  marble,  tVe'. 

The  lt.lt'-'  .'le  eoiiipo'ed  of  llu'ee  bodies,  llie  eh  ip;>  r 
of  Lirjre,  ill*'  ni)bili;\  ol  the  coiintiy,  and  ihcd.putie 
ot  ihr  ia;iital. 

The  biliiup  i.  b^.th  I'lnpon'-l  and  fpiritiial  loi'd  ciflhe 
toi!iiir\  ;  bill,  in  lie  latter  cap  icily,  lull'raL'.an  lo  ihe 
aii  hbilh.ip  Ol  Coliv_n. .  Ti'.e  chapier  conlitls  of  do 
jx'i.bn-,  who  niiid  [ir.  ve  their  d  :een:  to  be  noble  for 
(oiir  general  Hii',  fruin  lunh  parem  ,  or  h.iv.-  dipKurui' 
from  tome  rilebrated  mm-.';  ;iiv.  Tn,'  moll  loi-.nd^r- 
abl.'  pLii..--  .lie  til'-  iiill'>'ivi:iL', : 

I.,iege,  the;'.;,  i  :,;  l.e.id.'  :ii,  ealicd  Limk  iiy  the 
inelenl  inhabit,  n'-,  (the  lapitil.)  is  liliiiled  on  I  he 
nxer  jM.ieic,  i:  ir.  ies  loiiil;  'I  Miell/uhi,  .;o  ini'.es 
n-irih-eall  oi  Nainni-,  a-iil  .,o  miles  li)uih-eali  of 
iirti'iels.  111  ^deuiees.  _;(>  i.un.  eall  long,  and  ^o  dec. 
.10  min.  norih  lai.  being  about  four  mil^s  in  ciieuni- 
ference.  It  r  a  populous  wealiliy  eit\  ;  two  branehes 
of  the  river  M.iill,  and  other  rivulets  or  laiials,  riniiiing 
tl-.iougli  levcral  ot  the  llreets.and  forming  litdc  iilaiKi>. 
No  city  111  (icrmany  can  equal  it  in  line  churches  or 
convent'.  There  arc  not  Ic!-' than  looihurihcs,  and 
a.  very  num -rous  iK-rgy  belonging  to  the  churJus  and 
monatlerR'3,  whii  li  arc  moll  (il,  al.inlly  lilualtd,  and 
have  ample  entlounii'iiis.  Aiiiong  oilier  religious 
houli's,  iiere  i^  one  ol  Englini  nun',  and  .m  univerlity 
ot  pieat  tami . 

The  foriitications  of  the  irj-.vn,  wliRliaie  nit  very 
flrong,  are' commanded  bv  the  neii>hbouriii!',  hills;  but 
the  citadel  is  eap.tl  le  ot  makiiu';  .i  good  <Kienee.  It-, 
biiliop,  who  was  eieftor  e>f  Coi'igne,  put  i;  int)  the 
iiand.s  of  tlie  French,  at  th.-  beginning  •  t  qiu^n  Anne's 
w.i:';  but  the  duke  ot  \iarlborough  took  it  iro.i!  th.'iii, 
anno  i;.^::  and  t'.ic  I-reiKli  l)eiieging  it  again,  ami'-) 
lyoi,  they  were  obliged  to  r.nicthe  tige  by  llielame 
general,  on  lir.  reiiirn  tioni  the  Mo!,  lie. 

The  niagillrate' of  Liege  pretend  th.ii  it  is  an  impe- 
rial ci'y,  or  fovercign  llate:  but  they  li.ive  lull:  red 
vrry  leveicly  tui  dilpuiini!,  the  aiithoi  itv  ot  ilKir  bi- 
lli(-ip,  \vhoi-,  III  tact,  aiil'^'ui.  |.ivereiL!.n  i>!  tic  city, 
a.  well  as  the  li'lhopne.  Mt  is  cliolen  by  the  Oo  ma- 
icin.mons,  who  ai'e,  moil  of  them,  of  nobl ;  extra'";i;iii. 
'I'hi-  bidi'i])  IS  line  of  the  moll  conlidcr.il-)!e  ecieli  ilti- 
r.il  jiriiices  in  (iermany,  having  uilhin  lli^  divek-  5: 
luroiiies,  iS  walled  t'nuis,  .md  ^00  vill.uje  ,  lull  ol 
pc' pie,  with  a  revenue  ot  ;oo,oco  du.  .its  per  annum, 
and  is  able  to  maintain  a  liod\  ot  8oau  men,  without 
opprelling  hi,  lubiects,  who  arc  generally  Roman 
Catlioli^v. 

The  trade  oft  lie  inliabilant--  i-moil  ci-)nlid-rable  w  itli 
HeU.iiul.  (iicat  iiiiaiiiitics  ot  nun,  Itoiie,  chalk,  fv'c. 
are  everyday  caiiied  down  ilutlierb\  the  Midi';  and 
herring',  i  hcele,  buiier,  .iiid  all  kind,  ol  gr.iecry,  are 
brought  bai  k  in  ri.turn. 

There  is  a  pii  ivi  iln.il  i.'.yint';  pn-'  lil-  heif,  to  tlie  tol- 
I'.ming  tenor;  That  tin.  1  ilv  is  tiie  u,iiiun's  hi  II,  the 
men's  piiigatoiy,  and  pnelb  p.ar.idile.  '1  lie  women  are 
coinpl .at  flaves ;  ,,s  tiuy  ihaw  ihcir  boils  uji  the  river 
inlle.id  ol  liorl,  - ;  d''-^,  U\\ ,  .ind  c.iiiv  all  kiiuh  of  heavv 
buithciis.  The  priell-,  have  tnilv  their  pii;dile  iieic  ; 
for  tlu'gieaiet!  princes  01  iMirope  make  intoell  to  be 
ot  tins  I'li.ipir,  Ix'i  aulc  the  revenues  and  povsi,r  of  it 
art  greater  ilum  ary  other  can  boall  of.     As  to  die 


poor  laity,  if  to  have  no  money  in  their  pocket?,  and 
tiieirconlciences  at  the  abliilute  will  anddilpolal  of  the 
jii-ieds,  may  lie  called  a  purgatoiy,  we  Ihail  not  Iind 
ihi-,  pioverbto  fall  vuy  lliort  ot  die  truth. 

Tongies,  or  Tungri,  a  very  ancient  town,  fituaied 
on  the  river  Jeeker,  10  miles  no;th-welf  ot  Liege,  and 
ic^  w.ll  of  Maedriclit,  was  i.fi>,reat  tame  in  the  time  of 
the  Roman'-.  When  Atilli,  the  Hun,  took  it,  h-de- 
ilioynl  100  chiii'i  hes;  tut  It  was  Very  early  made  a  bi- 
th 'pric  :  but  the  lee,  upon  its  decline,  .vas  removed 
to  IVIacllricht,  and  from  thence  to  Liege. 

Huy,  or  Uiigum,  lituated  on  the  eaft  tide  of  the 
Made,  toriiieriy  called  Henefac'tum,  a  town  of  great 
iinte  antiently,  is  at  ])rel'ent  a  ilrong  fortrds,  1 1;  miles 
liiuth-wed  ot  Liege;  antl  was  frequently  belieged  cur- 
ing the  wars  in  the  Netherlands. 

Dinant,  lituated  on  the  river  Maeii:,  12  miles 
touth  ofNamur,  wa^  taken  by  the  French,  but  rc- 
llorcd  to  the  billii'|)  of  Liege  by  the  ptaee  ofRylwiek, 
anno  169-. 

Bouillon,  fitu.ited  on  the  river  Semoy,  j?o  miles 
loutli  ot  Dinant,  and  abv>ut  10  miles  from  the  frontiers 
ot  Champaign,  i^  a  foititied  town,  and,  with  a  fmall 
ter'uory  annexed  to  it,  givc^  the  title  o!  duke  to  the 
billiop  of  fJege.  Of  this  pla^e  the  famous  G  xlfrey 
w:is  iluke,  who,  (  ir  his  c  .nidii't  .ind  ctjurage  in  lubdu- 
ing  Jerulalem,  and  taking  it  tiom  the  Saracens,  in  the 
1  1  til  century,  was  m.ade  the  tint  Clirillian  king  of 
that  city. 

St.  Tren  is  fimoin  for  irs  Benedictine  abb.  y,  the 
alib  ji  ot  which  names  one  iiall  of  the  mai,illrates  of 
the  place,  and  the  bilh  ip  the  other;  and  lor  levcral 
convLnts  of  nun^and  friais. 

'I'lanchimon,  lix  miles  from  Liege,  gives  name  Vo  a 
maniuilate  ;  Verviers,  on  the  W'eze,  has  a  conliderable 
woollen  manufactory;  Cuivin,  lituated  on  a  hill,  is 
only  noted  for  the  ruins  of  an  old  calUe;  Tiuiin,  oa 
the  .Sambre,  has  a  collegiate  ihurch,  and  fjiiie  con- 
vents ;  Hallelt,  on  the  Darner,  is  a  linall  pri  tty  town  ; 
and  Lobbes,  a  Benedictine  abbey,  is  immediately  lub- 
jvct  to  I  he  lee  of  Rome. 

S])a,  or.Sp:'.w,  k  a  imall  but  celebrated  town,  on  the 
licile  river  We/e,  20  miles  dillanee  from  Lieje  tow.irds 
the  louth-eall,  and  7  trom  Linlbui-g  lo'Ajrds  the  louth- 
weli.  The  cvcnuc',  to  it  are  exceclng  il  'ny  and  dif- 
ticuh;  and  it  is  lo  I'urrcninricd  by  m')untains  tii.'t  you 
cannot  Ice  it  till  you  appro.ach  very  near  to  it.  In  ira- 
veiling  to  Spa,  eiiher  by  Liege  '-r  .-Xi.x- la-Chape' I  -,  the 
w  ly  lies  chielly  through  unculiivaied  delerr  ,  and  th.o'.e 
.ilnioll  rocky.  There  are  nothing  but  n-iouiitains  on 
every  tide,  wlii  h  liicceed  one  another,  and  over  wliii  h 
travellers  iiavc  ui.ide  fome  impertect  traces  ot  a  road. 
The  rains  and  temj-iells,  which  .ire  tVeiiiient  th.ere, 
even  make  tlie  pall  age  lometimes  dangerous,  iiy  rolling 
down  gre.it  lb  iie^  trom  die  preci|'icvS.  The  c.i.ichmen 
of  the  country  are  theiiilclves  otieii  at  a  fit^  bccau'e 
the  tracks  are  detaced  beiween  le.iton  and  lea'on.  The 
town  conlills  of  4  llreet^,  in  ilie  firm  ot  a  crof-,  and 
m.iv  cunt  am  .ifout  400  li'iuks,  tor  the  convenience  of 
thole  th  it  come  to  dunk  ill  -  waur-,.  It  uas  tornurly 
a  mere  vill.ige  ;  bur,  through  the  tan-ie  of  its  mineral 
Iprings,  has  been  cnlirged,  ,uid  ereclei'  int')  a  bo- 
lou  ;;li. 

Here  .ire  five  prini  ipal  wells,  winch  go  down   with 
iU'p-,  like  that  at  Tunbiidge.     Th.' cine;  well,  c.illed 
I'ouxhon,  or  I'ahon,  in  the  maikei-pl  ic ',   is  the  molt 
idol  led  to,  and  hastiiis  Inkription  upon  it,  whi',  h  e.x 
pielks  the  qu.il.ti-so;  the  wateis: 

Siitiil.iti  J. arum  : 

Oi/hii'Ium  rclWal.  durum  101: .  I.>um:.'.aj'i\.u. 
Dfli.'c  f^iiijiid! ;  Ji  I  allien  dih'  l-iLas. 

That  is  to  lav,  "  S  ured  to  healili,  thete  .v. iters  open 
1  ibii ruction  ,  11  ncict  crudiiie',  div  up  cxi.lii-.e  moil- 
ture,  .md  llr.nglhen  wliai  is  we.ik,  pr  uided  you  take 
tlieii-i  with  precaution."  It  i*-  fi-ciiii  this  t'pnng  tliey  diaw 

tiiat 


I 


:]  I 
'il 


•ri 


u 


i-J 


fc 


A  NKW.  l\0\.V. 


'  -i' 


MH 


Si 


% 


5     :r- 


((■?  I 


;0o 

th;U  prodi.iioiis  (]u.;r.t;!y  ot'v.J.:.T  vliiili  -  tranlp.Trcd 
into  t.iii'ilin  c.Hiiiirits  .in.l  cliivially  into  I.ns'l.Jni 
ami  l-lolUiiul,  W.u.d  ii;-.  r.i  lolili--,  w.tli  tlio  iov\ii 
Ic.il.  .  .       . 

Next  to  the  '.vi'l!  o:  roi;x!ioii,  then-  is  ;i  tount.iin  ot 
trdh  water.  Ahicii  ir.  ii  !|n-in.:  "i  a  mea.iow,  h'.lt  a 
mil-.- ilill.'.iu  t'liiii  ihc  t..un.  'll.L-  iounn  d  ii  i- oi 
Lihic  rt.-ne  aiul  t!ie  top  of  li.i;-:  it  'jdutsitb  watir 
out  of  th.e  iiivnitli^  of  tliree  fio^-,  wlKiice  th.- I'.coi'le 
eall  it  tlic  'ro.ul's  r..uPtain. 

TIk- well  ea;!etl  ( ;•  lontl  I'.v,  or  ( leroinh'.r.  is  in  a 
wood,  I'.lvmt  two  ;ii:le  >l::;a:it  'loiu  S;m,  loA.uiUtiie 
Ibutli-v.efl.  It  IS  e"V'.i(.\i  \\illi  .1  iloni.-  ot  liliie-lloiic, 
tuppoitnl  In  four  |mI1;uso!  led  and  uh  :c  niaible.  It 
i-.  eont'ideralilv  lef  |  h  ntitiii  ol  .■..iier  tha;i  I'iie  LMiiur, 
and  '.[  ih>-  moll  tic.;ii.  nl:d.  l  lie  ihue  .'iher  wells 
ealled  ih''  Saviuiciv,  ri.e  W  afro,-,  and  ilic 'I'.innek-t, 
or  little  Tim,  are  not  niiiLh  i.led.  1  lie  l.alons  tor 
diinkiii^  t!:.fe  uat.i>  are  m  tin- li-'I  months  ot  June, 
Julv,  a.;  1  A.  i.ll.  ThJe  Aa:.:-  have  b^-m  known 
niaiiv  a.',  -  a;',o. 

'I'm  t'-:'ii»h;-i.  nave  a  V  TV  line  le.onatl.rv  at  Spa, 
adorned  \^::'.\  .  it -e  <.',iniens  '.'duii-  .,  I  die  eoiiipany 
w.'k  u  lio  ,';i  ;k  :l-,e  w  It  i<-.  I'-e  in:i,  i  .dlrd  dii  Court 
et  I  .oiVo.i, '.  \eiy  .x..\,  and  die  .  i.i  and  moll  Ire - 
i[n  nte  '. 

.Se\e:d  ;  rinr.''-,  h  ho  '  :i\  be  n  h  re.  h  ive  left  pioots 
o'  tile  1  111  r;i,v;  ;  !:;i  i\::'.v  Mai  -a-et  de  V'aloiv, 
( ;,Le:i  o:  1  1  •;  ''i  '  :  .M  I  I:  ,  r\  1 1,  iider  lo  1  Icnrv 
HI.  and.  ■■•..i'.  -.  •  I  !  :  -\  |\'.  ni,,>  v,  i-  here  in  t!ic  \ear 
I-  '.  II'-!.i.  111.  ...V  ol  1' .i.in,l  .'A.l  hi,  n>e,  who 
w.i  I'.eie  1  '  I-  ;.  1 'e  liT.'  ■  .X^-.'nd  i  h.irr.ele, 
du'  I-  ■!  l\rn-.i.  in  i  .  i:  An.,,  .;■  (,ne  tine,  king 
Charl.js  11.  I'  f.n.lan.l,  :!,<.  k,n;:  oi  l)e:i!nark,  a:  d 
til!  'ii..t  \)  ...  ut  '!  •;.■.  ;p.v  :  .And,  in  I'l;,  I'eitr 
the  (i  c..'.,  1  /  ir  ot  MuIluv  ,  drank  the  water-  here 
di.rinp;  lev  :  .1  .'.  eek% 

Tie  pwr,:ie  ail  j.-'j). 'd---, '.tiir. ''.  and  I'peak  :hc  l,inn- 
Wallo '!!,  (I  1  aii' '.o'.-,  i-i.ii.:',  as  al  L;e'j,e.  T:;e\ 
arc  goV'.r:,Ld  by.'  iiri',  r,  iwo  beiior.!. liters,  leven 
r.i.lxvni';,  a.",di  a  Uv,  i.i  r.  n.imed  bv  tie  prine.-  "■ 
Lie-.'.e,  andi  i'  a,r;'.  ;.l  [■■:  lur-  verv  yen.  I'he  pe"!  Ir 
en'.p'u,  rlv?;;v..  ;v  ■  m  •■  d  m  '  i'o\e'  tor  hi'ik-s  t.id  f, 
l:;u!r"  .and  (>;'ii.,-  i  o  .e  \,-..nillKd  .'.lev  the  matin  r  i  t 
C  iun:'.-w  a;'.  .  ',v  ',uh  il;..  v  !  M  to  it  e  L«Mr,[\iny  a  ilit  \  '  ■' 
h.iin  ;hf  \  i.'.'  . 

Til'  luv".  b.  liig  'cioited,  io!v  pcoj-le  li'^'ii  .ill 
paits  et  1'..;:"  p  ,  '  n  .•.  u. -t  ol  il  wa;.,'-,  h.is  been 
aU'.a     all.jW'.d  a  ii  uiiahi-v  diu  ii;^  tl-.e-  hotted  wai--. 

'I'i.e  .».  ir.:i'.  I'.'imiit  :  iv  i  \  e  i  'i 'iiil'iil  in  lOin, 
bcii::;  c:i!' li'.  wo-',  in  aint.iin  .  '.  i.l  li  ilhs;  l".it  ii 
al-,e.'.n,;5  v..'.ii  ipi  ;-.^_~..t  innKr.il  ,;:i.i  l.'.iei  u.iter,  and 
in  U\i:al  I. a;-  :  .  .■.nv  ;  a'.-.'!"'-  h.ihii  ers,  win.  h 
lIoA  tioni  t'le  ir,-.  ,l  i,n  ,  p-  iii' e  [' .-.-.v  o.  riot::,  an 
Dther  kind.^  ol  !,,':  . 

TIk-  ' /.i.,  I(-  •  I  i  (  I- .  e.'ie!  a  rnon'.:in  ni 
!..'  ,  ,n  I  onmu  ;  .I'.r,,'!!  'it  \\n-  b  nel:,  le.-  i(\  ned 
t:vj:-.id.  .i.ki.,  ^  :!..  le  v.at.f  ;t.i.  in:  ,i;p' io;i  np  n  ivlnJi 
1-  a:  t^i;(;'.v:  ■ 


AUrilEXTIC  SYSTF..M  of  UXIVF.rsSAL  CF.OCRAITIV 


1    ! 


I'tTtr.  Ill,'  I  r  s  r.  i  v  :',.' ;ii  1.  I  ol  God,  i-;r.[i.  1 T  ot  die 

i;,  I'  s  s  1  A  N  N 

Pv  ;.,d   11-,  h  iPi  A  ;   invi:.i-i'  !■■ 

Ridoi'  r  .il  i:;dii  .i\  dlli-i[  ,!iie,   ■ 

Anui.i.-.plinrei  '  talll  i:::t..  a:;'.l,irl    imoii!' hi->p.  oplo; 

\N  !!  1  h.iv,!" .  ',  i  hii  own  iiidiilliy. 

t'.   ;'t   1  in   It  --'i.'.e.l'i!  fl'-d  of  llup.; 

I  I  -.   ,;,  ■    ■/',  .1   ';;v  ,i,,i'^;nen!cd  Ins  inin  ■  , 

A -J  !,,i,     ,■  I   ,   .;c!\  M.I  ■!.    mill-  veiy  li'./.e  ul    v.ar, 

J I  3  :•  ,■.  iii^,  a    '..r,   1,  red 'ar-,' .1'.  ,u  <;iiii  d, 


\\ 


.lb    ,4^1; 


Ar.lhaun'l'    .  J,ed  ,n;o   ;h;  tiianiiei  . 

ij'.  tie   le  •  I  il  null'  :  s  in  l.iiopv, 

C.iin  ■  tlii'.OL'jh  l-;,i-.,e  lo  .\  '.n.'::  and  L.i'''.e, 

'I'o  tlie!.;  ;v,iur5   at  Si-A, 

As  to  (he  ii.iv.  n  I)'  '.'eallli ; 

Atidlia'-  ill",  hapj-idydiank'il  il.ut.  ni  jilheiith!iillp.iii|^  , 

I'dUieuI  II  ly  ihai  ol  '  i  i.  p  u  n  s  t  i.  k  r  i, 


W'.is  reliored   t  >  hi--  firmer  drenp^th. 

And  Ins  di lived   he.dlli, 

In  llie  ye.ir  1717,   zid  ot   IiiK- ; 

Thenee  returning  thriiiL'h  Hi'liand 

To  his  hereditary  dominions. 

Ordered  this  eternal  niominieiit  of  his  iiratitiide  to  l-r 

erected,  I  7  1  Ii. 

The  biiliojiric  ot  OsKAin-iir.  is  (itiiated  in-twccn  the 
W'eier  and  the  fjiv  ;  beini',  bounded  bv  .Miiideii  on  d.t- 
lall,  Mtinlh.r  I'll  the  well,  Diepholt  on  thr  north-eili, 
and  Ra, eiifburi;  <  n  the  foiidi-wetl.  it  i'  aboi.t  ^; 
tildes  K'lu',  and  .. ;  btuail.and  prmhues  ive,  j\u;  iii.-i;:;  , 
caitie,  t.iit,  I  o.d- ,  iiiaibf-,  c\.i.. 

The  inhabitant.,  who  .lie  p.irtiv  Pr.iteli  mis  and 
paiilv  R":i';:.n  (Jaihoiii  ,  niK,- threat  quanl il le^  o!.  and 
deal  eiin;i.'.' i.ibly  in,  ham  ,  baeon,  \i. 

Hy  a  lie.iiy  eoiu  liideil   herein  iiM^.   llii'.  bih'piic 
WIS  to  liL-  in  ahernaiivc  bri-.u-en  the  Roniiin  C.ulio  w  -i 
and  I'roiellants;  and  the  I'rotell.int  bilhop  ua-  anv.r. ■ 
tOL.ea  younger  pvinec  ol   tiie  lioiile  01  Urunlwie-1 ,1- 
iv.ni  ui'i,  oi,   in  i.ile  ot   l.iilire   th.-r.-ol.  01    Biun,'.'.  ;e 
Wo.taibifth-.      Ill  e'  nleipienc^  ot  tin  ,  Itipul.ilioii,  Ins 
prelent    I'.nt.ii.ni,     in.i'rlU '      k  e-  nd,    In,     lT..d.ritk. 
bom    A',;_;'ill    10,    17";,   imi','u  billiop   lA    Oliiibuig. 
Ihi:    ii;oi._l;Ii    this   I'llhoptie   is  tlni    alt,  rn.aivelv   hen - 
ilii.iiy    III  tins   l'r,.)teilaiit  tami!\,  it  r- 1  01  H  w  idi   re- 
paid  to    Us    Rotiian    Catluilie    billi  'p/S ;   tor    li.ev    ;;ie 
eiioieii  o.i:  of  diri'eruii    lamilics,  by  a  ihanierol   2; 
eaiions,  o!  wiioie  prebends  tli:-  reveniu-  of    1  ;S  art  m- 
loyed  li\    the    Rom, 111    e>  >,  lelialli,  s ;   thul',  ut  lour    ate 
.i[-.prop:i.'.teJ  t.i  the  I'uppon  of  a  c.'Ile^c;   and  ihf  diu 
ibiec  ii\    the    Lutheran  ear. on-,  v,  h  1  mi:   tapald     "i 
e  e:ti.:'i,  but  not  ot  beiMi.i  elei'tLiI,   Inliiops,  is  t|  ^  Rn- 
mm   C.i-.hohes  are.     Wli.n  th.ey   have  .1  I'l  piih    i-i- 
llKip,  i.e  IS  lu(lVaii,,iti  to   the  ar.hbdhoii  of  C^uloiinc; 
I  bin  t'lv    I'rotellaiit  bilhop,  who  is  a  !elr,j^or.d   pnnee, 
ind.eed,  has   Indc  to   deiiionlha'.e  Inni  an    ei  eiei-.ilFr  , 
1  b'.U  till   ,iili-;   and  It    u  .s.lT  ed,    li\     the  ivei'.v  .it'iiv- 
I  l.ud,   thii  when  tlierr  is  :i  I'oiKlh.iit  :  illiup,    the  ar<  h- 
j  bilhoj)  I  i' Cologne  ih.oiiM  In  puid   iheixeiule    •!   his 
j  ii'.eiiiiiiiiht.iii  nil  lulii'ijon.wiih  le'jard  O'tiie  I'lutillatits. 
I  Siae  i;,e  re'omia' ion,   intii  dueed   lure  in   i'i;4,  ili" 
I  billi  ip.   ■••li  dier   I  apad    or  I'rotrll.inl,  h.is  little  morr 
j  than  lii..  I'.aiiri  tlie  I  .iillii  i.i'is  not   alloiMn.:   tlr  ■  ■.■  1- 
I  (  T.e  ot  e;.ii  opal  unildictuii,  and  the  I'a'Hi;    iv-:  In  ::):\ 
Id-  fit  en  u_li  to  obt.nn   it  tor  li  e  bilh.ip  it  theV  o-.vii 
,  o;  1.1    111.      It  |siib;>rved  1  v  lull.);  la-e.  ti;at  CiiVa^  tin 
j  (  d. .'.! ,   I, h  :  1,  unded  the   u  e,  ...I'l  •  e^n.  .ited  in  ■  i  :i!:ie 
dral  to    ^I.    I'etii,  and   the   l-.'.o  ivarivis   (.'nll'iii   a',<' 
j  C;iip:nia:;,  exemjiied   u-   latli  ^p  Ir  •111  ^il!    mannir  e. 
!  Iivima 'e  ,Uid  lei  vii  e,  e\i.'.]t  ;n  .in  1  u'   allv,  ,il  rhei.ti 
!  piKa-  1  iiar:' ■,   to  ncg>tiate  a:iv  ir.r . -i  '  li;it  sIimuM    b" 
pi'ipokd  be!-A,xt  the  lam  !.i    oi  i.ie    -ii-.v  11.  an  .  w^.ei.i 
eiiiper  ;  . 

'1  he  I.  venue  iflh.s  bdhopiie  :;ni' mn;-  to  upianl  , 
ot  ^o.o?."l.  ail''  ti.e  b.llnjp  1  .lof  to  lailc  _  ■  > 
men;  tiio.i  lih'  has oiiiv  uni  lietedi'.iiy  otrieer.  a  piai  d 
ii.;iin.,  Ol  li.w.iid.  I'he  111, nun. leiuies  :ue  eo.irle  li- 
nen, uoolleii  .iiid  y:iiii.  Tiie  diet',  aie  hehl  ,il  Olii..- 
burg  ;    itid  the  iirhuipal  pl.ie  ■  ate  the  f  Ihv. mg. 

On  ibi.i;',  01  Oiii.ibui.',  ti.''  e.'i  ii.il,  '.vas  luinieily 
an  11:  peiiul  I  ilv,  and  one  oi  ihe  I  {.ms",  Iml  r  n  av  lub- 
le.'t  I-  iIk  b.lhop.  It  h.is  II-  ii.uii  froi'i;  ,1  lirid.!',-  over 
ih  Oil,  vihKhiiivi.le.il  nil.)  ilie  Old  and  Ni,,^  Tnwiii 
and  I.  i.liialeiKr;  -.inle'  will  ol  ll.iiioVki,  111  the  midll 
ot  I  line  pi  UN.  It  Is  .1  neat,  welld.uilt  iity,  and 
.ui.  11,  d  Aiili  I'l  \eial  h. null  line  piiblu  iliiu  tin-' .  Il  ii 
ell -'iinpalled  with  w  ill  .uid  dileh  ;  bu!  eommailded 
by  a  moiini.un  wiiliin  eaiitioii  Ihe.t ;  np'M  v.hKli  ihiie 
i.,i;i  .ibii.  y,  01  lai  ud  leliiemenl ,  li)i  i;;(.ii  lit  ipi.iliiv. 
TIk  b, limp's  palate,  lalie.l  Pe'.ci  Ibr.!'-,  01  -1.  I'llei'. 
eillle,  I  uiil  tiiilitieil,  and  lepatal^o  lioiii  lli,  town  1  y 
a  biidpe.  Ill  an  In  .vapon,  ivith  .i.  eoini  in  tiie  iiuddK', 
.iiid  ai  eai  h  enriiii  a  turret,  in  one  ot  the  ii-eiiiin  ni' 
ot  this  palaee  (jroigi-  I,  evpired,  ilie  ilihiit  Jum.', 
17.17,  III  ilie  ariir ot  Ins  biother,  pntu.e  Kriiell,  and, 
:is  fjiiie  1.'.,  m  the  vety  loom  wheiein   he  wisIdui 

Thu 


GRAPHV. 

>r  I'lMv.'tl}, 

of  Iinv; 
h  Hcliand 

it  his  m'.uitiKlf  lo  1 


itiMtui  in-twccii  tlic 
<1  hy  Miiuli-n  on  tl.r 
(jli  on  ilic  north-till, 
:l!.  It  i'  aho'.t  4; 
tliuis  1  w,  pa.luir!;:;  , 

tlv  Pnti.!'!  '.ms  a:i  i 
.It  qii,<;it.lic-  ol,  and 
II,   iV.. 

1  'M^;,   liii'.  hlh';  :ic 

l.L  Rom. .11  C.iilio  i<  -i 

lit  bilhop  v,  a    aUva;  ■ 

'.i!r  01  HrunUvR'-l  .1- 

1kti-uI.  01    Biuii,'.'.  :.,■ 

1  ihi    (tipul.!l!iiii,  111"; 

:i.l    I'  n,    1-'..a!  ink. 

illiop   (jt    Olii  .liiiit;. 

u-  all.  iii.ai\i.lv   \.a\- 

,   It  i>  rol  lo  u  i;|i    re- 

111)   !>- ;   tor    I  l.cv    ;;k- 

I'V  a  I  hail! or  ot    ?.  ; 

vtnin>  ot    1  ;S  an  i  n- 

is  ;  thuU'  ot  fcuir   ate 

roUc^c;  ar.J  tlu<  du  r 

V,  !i  1  arc  ia--)a|.|     "i 

,   l.nlilop^,  ;•-  lie  Is.')- 

■y   have  a  I'opiili    i'l- 

'iil>ilhop  I  I  toloiinc; 

IS  a  U'lVijUiral    prinn', 

liiin  an   ti  clciMl'ti  , 

!n    ilif  irt-  \:s  at  lic- 

.nt  i  illiop.    thf  an  li- 

I'l   ihe  I  \i.ii  ilf    •  t   his 

■.■ard  lotiic  I'loi,  ilai'is. 

i.il    hire   i.'i    I'l ;.:,  th- 

llai'l,  ha-  hitk'  ni.nr 

)t   allow in.i   1 1-1    •  ■■  I  ■ 

the  Faoii;    iv  :  li^  ;:■.', 

c  hiHi'  p  .  ,|  ;i  c-i  ov,  ii 

la-is  tiiat  Ci'o-A-  thi 

!  ol-ii,  aud  lii  ■  I  :li;i',' 

ivavivis  C'liii'iii  a'.'' 

>  ir  iMi  a!!    iivarii)'.  r  c 

1  1  '!•   a(h-,  ai  thf  (  ;i 

I'-a',  •!  'li.'-i  ihoii!.!   h' 

.IV   aiu  III  an^ ;  \s\,':ei.i 

;  .■.i-.:"iin;--  to  npAuid". 

.i!il'  lu  laiie  ^  ''  •> 
.'liiUii  V  oii.ce;",  a  t'l  .1!  i! 
aciuu:-  :iic  coarli'  h- 
itt'.  .lie  helit  .It  (_)lii.L- 
ic  the  fi  IK  V.  i;ig. 
e  •;  ii  1I,  y.-i'  tciniieily 
I  hiiis",  I  ml  r  11  .\v  luli- 
1  froi'i;  ,1  lirul;'.'-  over 
Oil!  and  Ni:a  Towni 
l.iiiowi.   111   ihe  midll 

i\' II  hiiilt  I  ii\',  ai.d 
.ihh.  lIllJi  1.111  ■  .  It  I1 
I  ;  till!  Loiiimaiidcd 
'A  ;  iijM.i  whh,  h  ill'  10 
I ,  tor  iiicii  ot  i|n,ihiy. 
albr.i!',  .ji  '•■1.  1''  III '. 
U^u  lioiii  th--  town  if 
a  Conn  in  tiic-  niulille, 
oik;  ut  the  ipailiil  iii  > 
■d,  t'lc  lllh  ot  .I'll"-', 
,  |inih.e  I'.iii'ill,  .iiul, 
isl;eieill  Ik  wai  li  »iii 
IhB 


rUROI'f..]  O  I'.  R   M  A  N       !•.  M  P  i  K  1£.  .^-^^ 

The  Fapills  hold  the  ratlieiii.Tl  chiin  h,  and  the  elnin  li     :    the  two  circlei  of  VVcll|)haliaand  Lowcr.Saxony,  whii  h 


aiut  111!)  la 


li'  IV  ot  rhe  1  )ominiLaM.s  in  the  Old  t 


I  lithe 
Marv 


hiiri  I 
:•    th 


of   .^t. 
e  great   par 


(ihn  III  the 


I  11. 


,u:K 


lili.s  (  huHy  (if  ((>rn,  \iool,  tlax, 


loiicv.   wax, 


>\  eiilniri. 


:hial 


(  iiiiren    0 


f 


K  has  alio  a  fine  parilli  church, 


llie   ornaiiicius  that   archite.lure  ca 


v,;th 


1)  the  01  1  '.  itv,  and  a  voice  in  cluiliiii' th.'  n  1- 


'  hicji 


ates  oi  Ho 


h:   tl 


lerefore  the  I'ovcniau'iit  ot   the  tit\ 


can  give   i.  ,  111 
are  the  iiionuinents  of  many   of  the-  count.s  of 


ID  nil  AC' 


II 


ere  are 


ih 


rce  coiivcnrs   li)r  iiioni- 


.IIIC 


flN.tV 


;  liC  mh.iljit  int.s,  wiio  are  verv  indulln- 


o.' 


no; 


■niv   oreci. 


I  al 


II'. 

OKI    Hriickhauren  is  a  borough,   with  a  cadlc  and 
man.)!-  l-.elo,igin;;  to  the  lovcrciji;n  ;  Liehenaw  coiuain:i 


)uiul.i:ve    of   lull 
I,- 


ca;de,  Init  carrv  on   a   contidrr.ihle    trade   1:1    maki 


e,  and  other    ]     m.iluifK'torie.'.  of  hicc  and  fi  ythes  ;   Dr.ikenlnirg   is   a 


In- 


n  ; 


11   1) 


■d  l> 


ewiiig   a    1^ 


Uit.ii>: 


though  thick  Ion 


loroiigh   on    the   VVei'er  ;  and  1  iarpitadt  is  a  hor 
•11   the  1.) 


and  111  iiiakii!  '  Uie  lie 


W  uh 


ite  or.. 


liadi 


elme,  wiili  a  tenitorial  lurifdiclion 
rh  b 


Weli 


11  III''  (at'iedr.al  ari 


!ii 


1   A 


een    lonie  ornaments  o 


'.rUstl'i 


liii  .\t,  aiiiont:  uhicli  a:c  his  crow  n  < 


i;t,  Ins  torn 
el  gicH'   n 
ir.'  moleiici 


ri'1 1  li. 


'\l 


iatio.)'i,  ^'■. 


■\srh 


e   excrcile  o: 


)f  til 
f  b 


urn  IS  a  iiorough  belonging  to  tlie  landgrave 
MeDi;  ;   l)iit   it  coinams  a   noble  lounckilioii  fw  la;!ii 

tain    IS   tlie  liip.'rior 


ot  uhicli  the   kini'  of  (Jii 


Br 


\er 


•all;-  free,  neither  F.ipiiis  or  I'roreC.iiii 
11  rug  the  governnirnt  ot  a  billiopof  tii 
;io'i        riie  BriiMi"\»ic  famih  having  1  o,; 


.ellingerode  has  a  liiiiiiar  lounrlatioii ;  ami  .Sniiiingen, 
■.e  relidLii.,e  ot  a  fiipcrintendaiu,  has  four  co.-r.kicr.ible 


I     '. c.iilv  tail's 


'11 


counrrv   o 


f  Vr.u.vENui/RG  appertains  partly  to 


r  ;i,i,i,  tl'cv 


and  bin 
i:  at  when  ti.e  poIleHi.ni  of  ir  1 1 


lopricas  parr  of  'h  ir  uinto;  ;e.^ 


the  arcr.bilhoj)  of  Treves,  and  partly   to   the  count  of 
I.o'.venltein-Wertheim,  both  of  whoin  ir  entitles   to  a 


more  .haii  ordiuaril. 


.  I-'  I 


\.v:i  iiv;  on  Mieir  liib;eci 


ih 


rilllll';.  Ills  110 


ti  c 


V 
l.-ed.d  t! 


lllcf 


hin  vv.'i.-re  ine  in 
a:n.i  l.iil-  to  III   i. 


feat  and  vo:ce  in  the  Wellphahan  college,  and  alio 
le.  It  IS  almoll  furroiinded  by 
Treves,  and  contains  onlv   one 


111 


the  diets  of  the  circl 


I    the 


:hb,ll: 


opric  o* 


DP. :\  l.ir  [heir  l.\  .  ,  aii 

■oil  _ ill  ill  w  i.h.out  II  ''ard  10  i!k 


pla.e  wcrili  notice,   viz.  t!ie  borough  town 


:.f  W 


bi 


ig,  whi'.it  is  ilel-.-nded 


<t  til  11  li 


.llioilt  10  mile-  lollt'l  oi 


e  ro'^ntv  (.'I  '.mlis 


;y  acitaile! 
iLKr,  w  hit  1- 


IS  1  s  nil 


les  If 


i.id  fiirroiinded  bv  the  billiopric  of  Munll 


on 


llollC 


lor 


I  o'l  moiliousi  a; 


1   Wll.cll 


bell. 11;  s    partly  lo  the   enriie,  antl  p'-tlv   to   t 


toimerlv  r,  f 


Ir  was 


th'( 


lie  it, 


it  H.'int.ii 


taki 
in   I 


11  and  I  luiidi  re 


d  b/ 


mate  01    .viuiiiier.    isuaer.;d  bv 


the 


.'\a, 


ind 


pri- 


ijives  to 


irll 


en  111  "ivi,  s  nan  e  to  a  ilillri.  t,    " 


hid 


its  count  a  ieat  and  voice  in  the  VVell[)halian  college, 


lib 


and    loiirerK 


h.id 


1   con:;;in; 


I    pal  ice,   u  lieie  the 


.i!.d  in  the  diets  ot   tlie  circle. 


The 


lb'  olace  worth 


billr 


ili.'ed.      In  one  of  the 
•  toiindition  tor  l.iilhe 


n  iti«  e  1,   the  tow  11  ot  .S:eiiit'iirt,  which  Ih.nds  on  the 


parilli 
an  l.ul 


\\  iJeiibiiru;,  on 


I- 


ins,   I.,  a  iiii;: 


c'oUegiaie  ell  ,r' n,   two  liuiineiie- 
its  ov  n. 


md  I'll 


tiiwn,    w.tli  a 
I  ii.a<ri:irac\   of 


.\.i 


contair.s  a   Calvmilt   and   Roman    Catholic 


il  church,   a  conimandery  ot'  St.  John,  and  a  college  tor 


the  Itiidy  oft! 
■the    l^iicl: 


oera;  arts 


y 


.)!   V 


i:ki)L.\,  whicli   15,    in 


le^,  and  in  breadth  i  S, 


agth. 


inded  bv  Ho\  e  on  the 


Ml  ill-   ■■■<    a   borough,  coniaining  a  Roman  Cat!' 


loiith,  Bremen  on   the  p.onh,   Liincnbiir" 


da  1,1  111,, 
iii.ilh;-i  of  It 


t.'aiholKs. 

Quaeker. 
I  .iitheiar  a 


luith,  and  having  .1  co 


ur,  li  ana  h 


ib; 


:d 


Wei 


er  on    the   well. 


li 


m  the  c.\\\, 
.itercd,  but 


■loll 


t lie   fimc  privil  '^ts  a.s  \K 


is  poor.      The  inhabitants  are  Lutherans  ;  and 


an  !  con- 


tiiC  whole 


bel 


ons's  to  t 


hek 


o 


f  (}rear  liritaii 


h,  comiiioil  to  I'oth  l.uther.'.n.s  and  1'. 


n   :l  on  account  ot  thi^  ducin,  h.is  a  feat  amo 


Ml 


al  the   I'.K 


ol   the    empii 


md  th 


ng  ihe  princes 


ole  ot  tne  circle. 


liitlr  tow  n,   w  : 


I'o.'ilh  church  ,  and  die  re\enuc    ol    ihe    1 


1  iie  oijly  places  worthy  of  obfervation  are, 


\ 


I  ruen,  on  lile 


.■\h 


er,   the  tapit.il 


fouth- 


of 


I  .inin-  1 


s  ilivuleil 


f 


•|he 


II  h 


unicran  canons  n 


I   t)f: 


ti  illl    irll;:h  11- 

...buisr  IS  .C  .\,i'. 


.il  Irom  Ilamliiiig,  wlii..h  w.uoiicean  iinperi.il  cit\ 


ill  01 


Kenii, 
o:    H, 


Itrong  .ind   pi 


lopuloiis,   IS  now  del  a\e 


d  ;  but,  however. 


01   the  1' 


<\    Hi- 


Il(i\el 


.■>remen   on   fiie   norih 


If.e  1 


...all. 


Ih:. 


It    t 


has  1 
;.'  nhurg  on  the  ..id, 


!i.  M 


Ol. 


bel  111; 


ed   lo   coiiiiu  o 


t   a-i 


<  tl-  it    ."'.LXiip  t.lilill 


Loti 


to  whom  It 
lilt  after  tlie 


it. 


\u!;'il  lictween 


the  t 


•a.h   111 
iniibe 


ot 


1  II  ve   and    Nseiib'.iig,    l.iebi 


liiickl 


hi  1. 


ei  .iiiie  lui- 


leot  ro  I  he  c 


hike  of  1, 


uii'.-n- 


e    r  'It.    ot 


-clf/.eliiu. 


!• 


ihli  toiuams  a  dihedral,  three  other  churches,  and  a 
I.aiin  Ichool. 

Rotenbiirg,  on  ilu-  Wuiunie,  15  miles  from  \'c'rtlen, 


ha;  liatie   tr.ide,  i-  poti 


I"  t 


iiious,  .m 


-!  liirnieilv   contained  .i 


Tr.e 
loleial 


pal 


ill  dill 


tiie 


feitile 


rKl  calle. 


watered    li/    I  lie 


I  hi 


ie\-  ol 


.OKVt.v,    IS 


Wei 


er,  aiul 


Benedictine  abhe\',   fouiukd  by  the  emperor   Lewis  1. 


Ihe    full  monks   ha 


been  taken   fro 


I' 


dv  it   is  called  L'orbie,  or  L 


oivev 


,'\bl 


Corbie 
w  hi 


/.I  iii-nirir,    and    I,m 


h'liid 


ot    ll;-uiilw  ic  ;  and  I  re 


11  1,  11- 


laiid 


il-.:ra-. 


-I    lie 


abbe)  istheonly  jihiee  deler\  ing  ot  notice   in  the  dil- 
iiicr,  the  abbot  being  a  jiiiiuc  ol  iht  empiie,  .md  h;iv« 


the   I  Mi-r 


a  Ieat  in  n 


ill 


lolleiic  o 


I' 


id  at 


tr.e  el  lets  uT 


i\e  t.i.ii 


I  i; 


I  •  I    .1-   ilo.l  II   I  . 


il'.e  (  ircle  ai  o  1 1  e  enip 


iliiiolt  ulu  il .    to   Ins    IJril.iii.u. 


M.^r 


a   Im.i 


own,  l/uateil  amoi'trrt    hiuh 


1  ell 


hill .,  on  tl  e  hull  riur 


dilt, 


iiu  lioni 


hi'.i  io\'  11,  ol  lae  lame  nam 


11. 1 


I  on  Ilu-  I  III 


ie  10  ;he  111   i.i  ealt 


d 


from  Limhun;  .0  the 


the  Ui 


I  r. 


islmall,  l/.ii  x.ell  I  inilkd,  In.-    '■    h  i  th. 


Tl 


R'i      111 


koii   I' 


MC  ore 


lo: 


■ft' 


lie  about  ^00  hmiles,  m< 


dl  of 


le   Kill  ' 


.•(• 


UcllplMha. 


Ill  inli.ih.lul  I'l  II ; 


-dlell 


on  llie  e.i!;  iiink   lilii   ol   i'm-    VV  (  ll  r,    10 


tl.i.l    !l. 


Il  lijll. lined  ie\A 


1    M.l 


tor 


il  li 
i'\   Ih 


1     w.il-lo;   iliCi 
illl  i.-Ik'  till  w.lr^  1 


er  ,or  wooUen-tliapers. 
1  li  le  .ire  fe^er.il  Ipringsiil  mmer.il  waters,  which  I'oiiie 
p',1  iiciai'.s  la\  aie  .Is  wholtdome  and  ilrong  as;h..lc  ot 


■I    Cer- 


II 


e  ri  li.teii' 


ol  ti,e  1  Ol 


of    I 


ol 


I.  e  ;   .111,1  :t>  '   11  iioi  V  aboum 


wi! 


(1.1: 


lai'.ure 


an  1 1 


h.ill 


,1  ■  .1  I  all 


.1  I  .  la. 


iiulel    tl 


,  thoiiifh   within 
!■,   nevertheleh-, 
)f   1 1 


the 


territot »    ol 


m  Ipintiial  ni.itrLi-<, 
III  lUlii  ti.iii  of    ihe    archbiiliop  of  Colog.iO. 

ereo.i  t'  ^ 


wilh  hiiMil  '\' 


illti 


.1    uoo.l    i.iiii- 


\l.i 


.1  lii.il   ciiiin.li   Is 
md    III  'e  1.- 


dieated  to  .">!.  G 
h 


nvfiit  of  Lapuchiiis,  an 


C'  'Mill  mds  the  Wi 


h 


.IS  llroni'  wall 


ICll 

!o  lb' 


>l'    '  oili'ioi   mills  ot    bt.  "sepiili  lire 


But 


It  is  chiel-|v   n 


lor  Its   abbey  u 


A  \k 


nedieiine  ihouks,  LuiJer 


other  vic:  |,  ,  ih  ii  .ilmoil  liMii'.i'id  it.      Il  h 
'  '1   o'.  er  '1  e  i\ .  ('■  r,    w  iiu  h, 


i.iiiie  .ibboi  w  all  tiiat  01  Stavi 


il  "\   .eui-  1.1 


I..1-,  10  pull  I 


|i  111",  riiiin',1,    I ,   r. 
.'."     ouimju  c  l:et-ii . 


"s  1    Hill) 


•I  loiieoullv  lalk 


,'  .Si,i;  hi  In   l.imi 


!'i  II-  iivvi- .-Xmbieu-,  w'licll  l.ilU  into '.he  Reclit. 
.,  V,  It 


111 


11 


Mt^f 


:  ^w  ■.■■         »t-.i 


■'    Iff 


■  y 


;s 


761        ANEW,  ROVAI,,  ASP  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVERSAL  (uOcRAPHY 
It  is  abi)ut  6  miles  ilillaiit  iVom  M.ilmcili  xo  the  call, 


and  9  t'roni  Liiiilnirg  touarJs  t;  i  louili.  I'hcic  arc 
here  about  40olu)ulcs  ;  and  'lu'  in' abit.ints  carry  on 
a  prcltv  {;iud  ti'.idc;  iho'  tli's  tu.vn  dciiig  quite  open, 
h.isl'utUred  VI 1  V  iiiiK  h  dunnu  tlie  wars,  lleie  is  a  ta- 
iiuius  ,iiilH-\  of  liencd Kline  iiumk-,  tiuin.ltd  in  the  year 
6j7,  at  the  r.niictinieuiih  that  >  tM.ihiiedi,  with  «liuli 
it  1^  united  under  the  l.inie  il'bot.  liut  the  le.iiouly 
bct\uen  ihele  two  re!iij;i(n;r.  1.0  ills  i'i  ilie  reaionwhy 
the\  c.\n  ne'er  a^iee  in  t  Iioiee  ct  a  rcj^wlar  abbot 
froni  .uui'iijj,:!  Ihelnl^i^fc^;  lo  duit  e\or  lince  the  year 
lyh  l\\i:\  l'.a\eai«a'  ^  ciio'c.'  1  c  oinmeiKl.itor\  a'ibots. 

Tiie  abliev  eiiui\  i;,  v  in;  li  n  at  the  lame  tiir.e  [laro- 
chial,  is  a  lla'el;.  hiiil..lin;;',  alur  t'u  tnudcrn  talle.    U;i- 
iler  If  tluTc  IS  ;■  tr;.  pta,  or  Uihlerraneous  th.ureii,  with 
ti\e   altars.      The   abbot    oi   Stavclo,   who  i.s    lliled    a   1 
pniue  ot'  rhi'  cnipirt  ,  i^  Ipiritu.il   and  temporal  lord  of  i 
thi^  t.iwn,  and  ot   its  terriiory,  u'  rih  i>  \cry  large,  in-  I 
iliali.';;  i;:elo\\!iol    .M.ilniedi  ;   and  !n  >  yearly  income   I 
iinii';:;,:  1   to  about  1  .'',o;j  ci(>\>  ns.  \ 

I  i.e  ti  ide  oi  this  tou  n  conii:!  ^  in  uoollen  cloih,  and 


mountainous,  in  many  pla^  e s,  in  fomc  pnri^  H  (ii  li  i  .  • 
ctJiii,  palhira_i;e,  lnlU,vine^,  uooii,  and  herb.  ^  is  11.  U 
incoa!..,  iron,  ^.e.  Tlie  nianula.  lures  aieclmh,  i',::i 
and  lleil.  The  fame  m'l'i  lu  y  and  liict  lervc*  l.,r  ti  1 . 
duchy  and  that  ol'  Ju!i  is.  'I'he  molt  eoir.'.dcraijle 
places  in  Ikr^  are  the  tollowin.;: 

DulFeldorp,  at  the   c ontlux   of  the    Duli'el   with    .lu 
Rhine,  is  20  miles  from   L'olo^'Ui',  a.nl  ,- fiom   "vj.m. 
ller.     It  Hands   in  the  midll  ot   a  line   Iruitlul   j  l.',i:i. 
The  Rhine  runs  againll  it  with  iiuii  \io!cnce,    t!:.i!  ilu  ■ 
have   been  oblijj;eil  to  make  L^i^'at   w .  rks  to  li,- ik  ili  ■ 
curiMU.    It  wa.s  an  Imperi.d  cii\ ,  ,ind  liad  a  ;',(i()il  traiii; 
b^fire  th.e  removal  ofiis  fairs  to  liankfort.     It  is'.u  'e, 
pliafaiu,  well  buili,  and  defend,  d   b.    aeiaicl,   \\\w 
Is  lepaiatei!  from  it  by  a  fmall  h.iriuni,  lomu.!  '';.    11 
Rhine,  and  confills   ot   tuo   nu.il   ballio,'.'.    1.;   ..1  u.i:i 
brick  ,  andin  tiieothir  part-.  11  1.1  lorificd  b-,  ii\^-  lv:i- 
tions.     '1  he  public  budilinu:.^,  touardsiic  n.er,  in   ;. 
aline  appcai.inc  c  .  |attici:lai  ly    lt^  llatily    [a'.',,  e,    \:\ 
old  (fothic    buiidiiiu,   (uith   laintin^s  In    \aii''.'  iv   , 
Raphael,    Paul  \  eionele,   Unli'tis,   J  ilio  Koniano,    I  1- 


ii.v    LI  M  li  ui  iiii>  L\M\  n  ;.  oiui  <  •  ^  III  u  ui  niLii  i  .vuii,   .iiivi  1  iv.tpiiuLt,    laui    >i.!oneie,    t\inK.i>,    j.isio  ixoiiKm",    i  i- 

oi'uv   h'.jti's,  and  I  lueli;.'    in  .1  jsuil  iiiiaiuity  of  leather  li  !ian,   cVlc.  bral's  :in'k)ue<,    l.il.ie-.  (.1    nuiii^le,    p'  r.  .b!i 

tin  Mid  111  I  e.      T!ie;e  ari  alio  fume  11. incr.il  fprinj^s,  faid  i|  cabinets,   ^...,'  \Uiii:i    \i.isi  f   ckxlor  [wlatii'e^  .  Ii  l 

tibi.\.r.    uhol.ionie.  jj  k  lidence  du!  m;;  tlic  de\  ul.a  o;.s   ot    1':.   '    l.!'.:.  .  ■'    !■ 

1 1  c  i',..'.;  :ct  111 !  ';-,i;iiig  10  ihe    Ai-hey  of   W'erdcn  is  !j  the  I  reiuh  t'  u.ud'. 'In- t  n  i  I't  the  lali  leniu;  v.      i" 

Ir.'.i.rt.i  in  tile   co;i;Hv   I't    Maik.      .Si.   I.u.luer,  wlioli-  II  maik<t-jil,i(  c,  i.ver  a   ,;:nl!'.i-.e   [  .1  ci-,  i- ,'.n  c];     '< 

I  :;a:e    n  '.'as,   1:1       S  i.  luu'cd  tin    abi)e\   lor  monks  of  li  11. Hue  in    bi.if.,   011    a  pti!  'Kd  c.f;;.iy    ma;!\c,  c' 

illc  (iii,'ur    ot    St.     Ixe.ed;.!.       '11, e    revenue    i.-.  ahoiit  ''  cLiior  [ohri    \\il.::un,    ,n    ;'.iiu:iir,    v.ii.i    ili.'i, 

:c,3CJ  r:N  I'.i  1.,  rs.       I  lie    kin;.',    of  I'riiilia    il.iinisth.e  I'  bo!i!'i  !    o;i  hi,   l.i.l.      l.>:..  ,iii  liree  ■.'i.Kiy  r- 

::,lu   oi    i>'\erc:^n'.v    lure  ;  .1  d    iliC   o'ii\    khhi  kabie  ||  Ini  lo-n,  \',!iuli  i  >  imp 'i  ;i  d  iniiLi'  lioiii  :1  >  lo»     • 

pl'.iei-   W'euUii,  a    liltle    \>a'.le.i    town   <n    i.\-   Koer,  '  1 1  u  ■.,  .uid  i  \p..i  t>  d   n  •  ri'.n  ii.i.in'.iU'     ;  1  C  1  1  ■;  •''  . 


W  ill,  h,      Ik  lulls       flK 
<  iiur   i'. 


),■,,  .-,     eonlai;!s    a      Lutheran  other  part,  ot  ( i'>  mi. m, .       'll',;-v>.,    ■    i      !''ld. 

• ..  I  inii   li>.cd  al   ManI  eini,  a  ii  j;  u  y   ii  itL'.lili.id    he 

i'lu  '.':.:      ,  orieiiit,'!.,  of  tlie  .\!)be>  of  .sr.  Cor-   I;  loithe  cour.ti  u  s  (.1  I'.cii;-.  .;lid  ju  ici-,  \vl!:.!i  b.  ini;  i  1 

Nil!'    M.-s,.;;    i-    I'urn  i.   >'c.i    b;,    ihule    ot     jubeis,    ;,  !j,:,a!    rex ;  niie  to  ll  e  i  U  L'i<  r,    are   {.-.osin.cd   by    Ha;. 

l..iii'ou:^,   .;'..•.    Al",  !a-(  :  ■!.-■.     'I'he    .'.'.-boi   In-,    ,1   '|  uul.oui  uhofi'  1 1  nl'cnt  he  cm  l.iv  no  tax.. s.     All  u;. 

1-      .     ..    .'.        .      .         ..  I  .1        Ol  .•     I  1.1  .  .  .        .  I         /■    .1      i;  _i  


eal  at  ti^e  .'.a.,  ^^i  the  un;..    .  ,  1  'i  tb.e  Rlu :;.;':  leni  h  of  j  l'|. 'll-  aie  lu  if  tuli  i.iu  ,1  .   but    the   C'.iti  olics  a'one   ;U '. 

p;il.ne.-;   i'l;:  al  tliule   o.     '.\<.  k    i  ,  le  he  iu  •  .in.or.g  ihc  ,!  ai'.m.ttid   to   <  i\  1  en  pio\  iue;us.     '1  liO'     h  li.e  p  1:;.  ; 

!>;:niLs.  {'  fioii  be  tie  i  ii  Cloi ',,,  \  i :  tl.e  ;:;'e   is  d.;.'   ud  by    tlu.l 

lhe.\b!u}ol    I  .Hell,  ,.i.d  ;;s  lerritory,  is  finroiiiulid  [j  iif  .'^-ixniiv  ,.n,l  l!i  liulv  nb;,r..;! 

I".  1.:;;,    I'.CMs,  W  I  rl^ii,  ..nd  ilic   .  ount;.    of  M.iik.  !!        Katin^e 
']'...   ah'iDCi   v.as  I'uin.Ud   by   Aiuc.',   i'lilmpi.t    I  lildt 


•.!;en  h.i'-  .1  k.l  a::d  \  o  ce  at  thedi.;- 
i-  '.imou.s  101   lis  l\\  oid-bia.'.e   inanuficto!  y   .    Niliibiti' 


i  ...     .UILIC*     V..I.S    iO;.l.:ucl     in     .\i;u.    ,       'lliUi('i.l      IIIIOC-  li  I-    '.imOll.s  lOI     lis  l\\  OIO-|i|.U.t      Iliaill.l.lC  I O!  ;.     .        "iKii.vi 

I..I  :ii,   in  tiie  \  (.a:   .^"  7.        I  !u  Ku'.l;  ol   I'liiliia  is  here-  '•  j;l\es    name  10  an  am  kiU    aid    noble  Ian. li;  ,    ■  .umel! 

Ca.\\\   [iio-i  ..i.ii.       I  '.e  ab'.el.s  liik  ■  ;.i.:fi.lf  piinrefs  of  'j  i.as   tlie   lirll    p'air  an.l   \oii.e   at  the  ilii.   ,  and  a  t  loth 

li.ehoiv  Ruiiian  I  nipiie.     '1  lu  i  luij.tc.  eorililK  of  none  |,  m.iniit  uioi  v,  1  Ucr.aia  !i.is  a  ii.amitacioi  ,  01  tLiiiible- ; 

!■..-.  liiible  l.uius  ,  and  'Aw  abbey  I'.is  i  fcatin  the  dieis  11  and  Kornl  eip  1,  dcundm  In  a  llrong  uil'le. 

(1   ;::e  e;i  j  .:.  .;,,u  c  ;i.  ie.     'Ihe   heiciiitiuy  dfiiecis  a:e  '|        Hcnlberii;  has  a   ll;o;'i;  t..il   and    m.ii'allery,    of  the 

tlu  1:  a:l!u.:,  l',e'...irJ  U  .-.Li, and  I  lu.nii'crlain.  !  oriii  i  of  ihelhl)  (idl.u.  uh  was  bi.ilt  m  i..^!s,a.id 

Mil  nw  ..  .'s,  the  oil;    I  I.e  c   .■)    r.:  y  conlidcr.ition    in  m   iIic  liili  if  it-  kind   m    the  eni|iiit.       Ihe  caille,  01 

•he  te:.  ;;oi ;, ,   i.   f.ii^e^;  to  '.\:v  .i'.:i).li  .is  it-,  iosereign,  '  palai  e,    heie,  e.as  Iniili    1:1  a  forelt,   on   a   lull,   by   l!;e 

u;t  h.u  \»rv  c^tinli  .e  p.ir.  ;le.;i.   .    It  is  lar^e,  has  Come  i;  eleeloi  John  \\'ill;am,  ae.d  is  wor:h\  of  notue.    It  Hand; 

....   1.      ..      •...  1 .  .:      1 '     . ■•  II  .1.-  1  . 1-      ...     .t        111.:...      1.'. .1 t 


tiadi,  a  eio'J.i  nuiivita.'io.    ,  an  academy,  a  f;wnnalium,  ( 
a  (.  oii.n.aniie:\  ot  ■;•,,     I'eiil.niC  order,  and  le\er,il    Ro 
man  C.;iiioli   .md  1';  .;e::a;-.t  churthes, 

The  .\i-lK\  iif  'i  ,  oKs  1  .  lituatid  in  the  biiliopiu.-  o| 


three  leagues  from  tiie  Rhine,  Ivt'.s^.ii  voli'j:;ne  and 
Diiit/.  It  is  buiit  of  a  verv  haul  '  or.e  ,  .ir.,.t  ihe  o: - 
naments,  partieiilatl.  ilie  pillai.s  tli  .'.  .:ppoi ;  tlie  gal- 
lery in  the  lionl,  ate  .ik'iul  ol  ri.-     n;.:.  l'',i  .  iiiig  out  1  I 


1  lie  .\.o(.\iii    J  ■  OK  s  i  .  liiuaiiu  in  iiic  unnoji;  u.    01     :   icry  in  iiie  iioni,  ate  .1  is 'lui  01  ri. 
Liege,  .".lu!  i  ounty  1  ;    lloa::!.      It    i.s  ,i;i   Imperial    free  ''  th.e  neighboui  ii!gi!;..'.ii  ;t  s.      Il'.c  i|',iii!ik  i  ts  aie  larLe, 
leciilar  I.  undalion  ;    .>..    ii.-.ud   in  the  \ear  loco  ;   has   i     ucil  dec  oiatul  \,  u'l  ili,    Imell  pair,  ings ,  .md  ;i,e\  ha\ 
a  k.i:  at  dicdiels  of  ill.     li  pile  .11  d  e;:.  Ic  ;  .ind  a  i  i.ap- 
rei,  "  hi.  h  coiilills  of  ),:  'u  i  lici  an.l  C'juntclic-,  ol    ihe 
or.icr  ol  -it.  lientiii.  '. 

Tile     \bbey  of  Ihr^      <m,    lltu.itcd    in  Ua-.enib,iig, 
aa.iK.     .!    Ill  ill--  e     '■  di   lent'i;.,    l„is    1   fe.it   at    the 


diets 

1  onta. 
lo.nul.". 
'Mu  abb 
Ma'}  <• 
in    I   ■• 
wii!',  .■    ' 
■u.s  in  -  , 
an.i  1 
\.  .r- 

f^U     1 


I  i.,iie  a,    '.     if  I'-',   L'M.s   liih'i'l    piincels 
,1  r'-,c   b 


.i.i.in  ( iiipiu  to   i;s  abbcl's, 

'    t  I  .a.  i  ^  'nonel;'.  >,  an. I  1 .  a  1  .uther.in 

i -'      I..  i!,i,      ol    l.ulies   Is    iiideterinir.at. . 

;    ,.:i'i:  ,t   il;e  Kiile;j,iale  ciiii'i  h  ol   .St. 

I.  ,     .ills,  :'.;u!  if  i  pr  I    mU  are 

■ve.ir   .1  f  ■Ii !   :    ribho:i, 

II     I    mi  the  I  ,  J  t  llioiildei, 

.■     :;  tne  l':nir  "  ol  mir  Sa\  loui 


an  e\fin:i-.e  piofpia  m  ilie  e.iv  ol  Coiogi.e,  ;he  Kliin.-, 
at.tl  .ill  die  li.n  uuinti;,  ;  lo'itunn^  a  :',.eit  \.iiu.y  ot 
beautifui  i\  ene.s  and  en-  h.nuin;;  iaiuiK.ij  es. 

I'nncij.)a!;tie>   of  N  \.s.m-Si(,i  .>;,  or   :ii.:rN,   N.'..';.>\i- 

l.)ll.l  i.Sll.klU,,    e\i  . 


'  f'li*; 


■Sigeii,  or  .Sr  geii,  r.iar  uhi.  Ii  1- an  uon  ir.n;  ■,  I:  liids 
on  li.e  ii\ir  .Sieg.i,  1  .-,  miles  Iroin  i)il  .  in.  iil  ,  .ii.d  jJ 
noilii  (,ill  l;i,m  Nallan,  on  ihe  top  oi  a  10.  k\  ink,  de- 
fended bv  1  lining  u.ill,  and  iig.:l,ir  !■■:  in  al.oii  ,  .md 
i.|,i\i  s  naim  s  10  a  1  ouiii\ ,  ot  u  l.u  h  it  i,  die  (  apt  d,  .is 
u.ll    a,  iidr    to  i.„,i:ii'i    b:an.  h  o|  ;!■;■  N.illiiii  i\\:<  .1    . 

, Ini;.,)llu   prin  I  ol  N'.ilkii:- Me.  i  lis  I'.i'd.i;  1)7,11.111  «  is 

..lUt  •-  '  .lie  Ml  b  .  ill  is  a  ll.ii,        l):o.iu,iii  hilln  1  1 1011.  I  leib  'in,  .1  u!  loon  In.  .pi.c  Io   1 1- 

iiioi!-,  Ill, II  II  «  I    |,.  ,'i.eiUi  .1  i  V   '  ,,t.  Ills  Ir.ini  ( .cm  a;\}  , 

.■     ■  .     :    ie,   l.iP',    .v>   bi.iail,        I'.  I  i;:il,  l.itoni  I,    l).,miiik,  ev    .;,)'.',h     h  .in  .u  adeiiiv 

,|il"ir,^.   ino  nr.ii.ioii,.      ii    1,        M.i,.i.li!(d  lo:   I  i.iiiim;',   up     01, ;i    m  ii,.;ri,.il  i  xc  n  ili -■. 

,..     !'''Uniii     ;    .,|i    liee.illb',  I  line   I    .1  e.ili  le  f.  le,  111  \>  I.e.  h  1  lu    i  ii .  ;oi  .if  (  olo;  lie 

.11',  i  \  till  .    I   I,'  ,  I  ^   \l.'i  k  ;    .ml        ki-ep-  a  r  11 1  f.iii  .e.  liiir-  loi   ol    ll.f   i  10  h  ;    .1,1, 1    n.  .1  I.U 

■..-loi.i!.' ul  Lo,.      '.         I  1  I',  a',h        lioiii    In.  I  i>  ,1  wi.  J  7  od  ii..n  li;ii,e. 

Ihllimbei  '■ 


\rnY. 

)nic  pniH  ir  (>i'  li  i ,  ■ 
,i,  and  herbs ;  is  ri.  ii 
.mil's  aic  (.'oil',  i'.i:! 
Ill  ilict  .'vTVfi  i,,r  til . 
lu'  iiiiilt   ciiir.Alciaij'a- 

tllL-  Diilil'l  uitli  ,I-,r 
I',  .1,1(1  ;-  tiom  M.iii- 
a  liiK-  Iriiitl.il  J  l.'.i:i. 
h  \i  ■li.iiii-,  i!mi  ilu  ' 
i!  w ,  rk.i  ID  1  I,'  ik  ill:; 
,  .iiui  luii.1  a  ;;(H)tl  tr.iiii; 
•lankfori.     h  is  ai  'i', 

li.  a  1.  i  a  I  i,  ^^  hi>-  . 
iiiDi  1 ,  loi Mil .'.  ■  tl' 
1  haliiii.is  t.!  ..1  vv  ,i:i 
i  tiirilii'il  I)-,  li\  c  l',;i- 
uar>!.i  [1  (■  1 1  .(.r,  iii  .^  ■ 
ll^  liaii  ly  [  a'.ii  f,  im 
niiiys  In  \  au  I ).  k  , 
^,  |.i!i()  KoiiKiiii',  '!  I- 
I  I  iiKiii'li',  p'  r.  .li!i' 
cilor  I'.ihitirL'  ^  .  Ii  ii 
ol    I'l,-  '  -Lit:.  /•>     1  ■ 

l.iU  (Tiiiii;  V.      1" 
:.,  Ill-,  1-  .'.11  (.,];.    ; 
I'  L%(  \    iu;i;!\i. ,  !■' 
ir,    V.  ii.i    ill'.-  1  .    -     - 
i  r(.\-  V, . .  kly  V  :  . 

.!■    llDIll    '■'.    I     llM        ■.  '    . 

mil      i  1  (  11  ';,.i":,    :< 
..,    ■    r      ri'l  li.   .1  I,  ;■■' 
)   ii  I  !!.'.i:,li.nl    hi.     , 
I  ■,  wli:.  !i  ii,  ini;  i;i 
f:,osiri.nl   h\    iKu. 
V  111)  uiAis.      All  II  i.  ■ 
;  C'.iii  olii  ■>  a!i)ni    an 
'1  ill)     li  I  i'l'  p  i;".^  ; 
■   is  il.;}-   U(i  by    i|-,iil 

U  liii-  liii  ;•;  ^■  l:;-;^!!! 
u.t.icli")  .  NiS'i  i'l  d' 
loblc  la'i-ii;  ,  !  .ir,:u!'; 
the  ilii.  ,  .iiid  .1  1  'I'lli 

Utai'tUl    .     (II     tl.illll)'lS    ; 

roiifi;  I  .li'ii'. 
d    nil  alU-ry,    of  the 
,a.s  bi.ilt  in  1  .<)is,  a, id 
ipire.      I  he  cailli-,  oi 

it,  on  a  i-.ili,  ill  ilx 
1,  111  ;i()tiic.  ll  ti.ii.d; 
K  ;\\i ,  :i  I.  (il(ij:;ni.'  and 
vl  '  (iri(.'  ;  .iiul    tho  ill  - 

ill.-.:  .:pp(ii:  tlic  g.il- 
•     r,i.;.  [•>,(■,  liiii;  out  i  ! 

i|',iiiii!i  :  li  .lie  Kitlc, 
■.  in;j,s  ,    illd  ;i:c\   \vJi\C 
I  Cii.'.ijvi,  ;hi:  I'thiii.-, 
11;.;  a  .\.c  d   v.iiu.)'  ot 
iimK  .ij  I '. 

(i|    :  ll  .:!N,    N. ■,.';.;  \i  - 

,  an  iiD.'i  ip.ii;-,  I'  liid-i 

I  Dil  .  Ill-  iiy,  .ii.i!  j  J 
1)1  (1     .1  111    k  I   iul',  di'- 

1 II  I   ■ :  :ii  .ii.f.n  ;  .iiul 

II  It    l^  ilu'  <  apt  ll,  .is 

III  ;!•;■  N.illau  lai-  .1  . 
i  n's  I'.f.l.iyii  ',11.111  «  Is 
id  liMil'  111  '  .I'm'  I'l  I  i- 
;ii,  lUs  liiiiii  (  Hill  all), 
;,-,  V.  h'    ll  .111  .11  .idi  inv 

111  11.;;  ii.il  I  \(  ll  III  '. 
h'    1  !,  .  ,1  1  111  (  ii!'i:  111 

i     I  111  ll   ;     .III  I      lliil    l.ii 

.11, c. 

PiHiliibil  '■ 


!;U1U)PI'..]  C,  F,  R  Mf  A  N 

Dilliiubi  r.'!:  fl.ind.s'oii  the  rivor  DiHa,  ifi  iiiik-s  well  I 
Iroin  Marinin.^,  ami  _j.'.  luirth-tall  Iidiii  Nallaii,  and 
[„i\ts  n.iiiic  lo  a  loiiii'v.  Jt  has  a  uoiul  trade  in 
cattle  .lid  uiiolkn  got  ds,  and  two\c:ii-|y  laiis.  riic 
(.■(Hiirs  (ij  ili.it  bran -h,  callcil  Niiiriii-Dillcnibiirg,  had 
thiirliai  in  a  line  llrdiu;  i  aHle,  that  tlaiul,  on  the  top 
(it  a  iui!.':!,b' iiriiii!:  hill,  w  In  r  •  ;>  a  I  iige  arleiuil,  t'lir- 
M'ilied  uitli  :iriii-,ird  aiiiiniriilMii  Im  I'.Mial  thniirand 
hmie  .ii.d  fii 'i  ;  in  t  the  ;iu-!iiiiie  ''I  a  tiiiinlln>:is 
whale  can  ,ht  near  Cit'.i  lek  in  i  yiS,  v  Im  h  is  uortli  Ice- 
iiiji.  riie  callle  is  riiidiiiulcd  b\  theto«-i,  uhich  is 
buiit  in.i  leniieiri  le  to  the  well,  iiiirth,  and  call  ;  and 
there  is  .i  line  chin  i  h,  unere  the  cminis  nl  this  lir.meh 
are  inrernd.  t  In'  imnr  i:;ii,uil  is  on  tiii  fuuUi  tide  ot  '■ 
the  i  adlc,  andai'.cMied  u  illi  pavilions,  '.. alk.;,  and  otlier  ■. 
c.iilKi:;,!iiiieiU.s. 

I.'    Ii'i  in,  nr   I'eiiiiiflein,     i  ;    i  liles  nonh-talt    irmn 
N  ,l:.ui,  ;;i\(^  r..iiiie  lo  a  eiiiiir\'  '.ihicli  ua^  the  in'ieii-   I 
:  .:ii  e  1)1  tiic  liaiaimis,  a  youn;.  er  br.iiieh   ot    the    la^   ■ 
iiiii.  o:  Xaliiiii,  and  \i.is  the  t.ipial  of  it.      It  i;  .mold   i 
touii   aiming    roi'kv   bills;     Inii    ,ias  a    calUe,    and    a 
liiiiieh,  uoitliya  travellers  vnu.      It  lies  in  the  niid- 
^\a\  lief.i  i.\i  Coblciu/.  on  the  uel!,  ar.d  .^l.upui!';on  the 

l.l!;  . 

I  i.iil.iiii.ir  Is  the  capital  ot  .i  rcn  ,l  u''.  on  lln-  ron'ini  s  | 
ol'!!TeIi\t(i'ali- liflVev  e:-.,x',  ii'  .,|iidt  le  ntl-  cl  a  (ii  in-  jl 
I  i.iaii  I  he  |,.iie  ill''  ex.iiv:!  ion  o'  t  i.it  brim  i  oi  llii'  ', 
N,iiriu  iinniv ,  it  ii.indson  ihi  1 .1  h'l,  .,i  iiiih.  north  j( 
ol    Mi'iii/,  ,i.»i  I    ill  'in^cd  by  .i  ;  i.od  '  .iiiie.  I 

J'iir  •  oiiiir.    <►!    S'.vv    I;.  J  Ion  1^    ri!  •■    ip-    U    to   the 
niar;.';i  o  I  d  Kr.in 'i  ?■  "nir.r    \,iip  .I'l,    m    b  r/yave  of  j 
i\i:i  hlMr.i,    '  ;■■  c  nitroft  Wi't/,en!hci:i  and  j  1 ,-  ,l'niri',    I 
and  thi'  1  J.  •  •  -r  '4'    i  iC'  '  , 

J  il'    IVM)  llni' ;•.,^^  ;•  *\\V'.-*' t*  fV-  (i/l,-    c,    blK  .rH '- 
jn-ihi  1  I)  lie  oni .  .  ,',;y.<»'.<"e '3 ''^'<i'/f  f    i' thi    e.r   !<*.    J-v      f 
thciMii.s,  .  ..iM'uflv  •"■■rf  Jif-vx,w,r    :{'■,     ^,,l-,.ive,,.;,;iai'(/   ' 
the  tree  Cefi  i  \-  of  ihen*  i.    ,jj»i!i»f*v      I  ><■    W'l'!;     it>V.«'".->   j: 
Awirth  ll  i  ivf;os:'i;j;  ar-',  V 

\1  (.nkii  ,1  fly  fjiRf  >4-i.K'.^,  j^p-i'  {*-it^  >4  ,t  ftetvnev, 
w  !i  ll  ll  1 .  i''.,ain-  ,4»  Jf,'.i'ri!er.iM  jf.'ifii' .  Jji  •;•>»)»*  '  ***«■•-  ,  iW/irf'  ;* 
delended  \v,  a  <:^'f''U-,  " 

Jre  :lbiiv^,  on  tlx-  .'^ie^,  is  viviindci?' '»'•  »  i'/-- r  ;'  ,    . 
is  iht  11*  :ghl)(>;irin^  t  jun  oi   1;  dw.iij,  ,-^i  i'fc»   len-  1 
liuvj,,  whii  b  lias  ;i  Iko:!}'  i  allle.  ;' 

'Ihi'  C  xinfv  o|'  Willi  Is  iii\id  1  into  ■  xci  p-F^  ^.  ji 
Ne'.i-\\K  !,  or  Iz-'wer  i.o;in's,  anil  V\  <d  K'...i*  (,  tr' 
Uppei  (  ounrv.  >  biinl,  pl.u  e,  here  .111  Uiinkt-'?,  ««  ■• 
the  U' m,  a  Ima'l  on.i,  <  oit.innnj^  about  i  ;o  hoiid -, 
and  a  I  illle  ;  l)ier,:ii;i,  viveh  u  I'leleiided  bv  a  tor- 
tiils;  .in.l  Neu-Wiid,  J  .oi.ili  b  ll  ie..',ul.ir  tii.in  on  the 
Khin,-. 

I  lie  (.  oimtv  oi'Siiv  r\'t!ii<(,  is  wa  'r»d  in  the  \Ve- 
f  r,  and  r,nroundeii  bv  Caknb'arg,  Nfirnfrtl,  l.ijipe,  and 
lvtu-i''b,;ri:;.  ir  produces  i  orii,  palbire,  I'alt,  illiiin, 
I  r  ita  s,  uitii  y,')\i.\,  liher,  wriod.flieif),  tVce-lloiv,  lime- 
Hone,    pit-iuai,  j;i(>tuni,  i«>5iper,  fi^t    ()\ rites,  « .ittle,  I 

lull,   i\    . 

i!  is  J :,  nuies  Ion;;,  :  ,  I  road,  and  the  iM>iabitants4»i- 
niodlv   Liuiier.ms.       rheio:int'    beloiii;^   (."''"K   lo  the 

k.iiyrol  (lieai   liritiin,  the  l.i:Kl;;ra\e  ol'  I  Iclli',  .md  the  j 
.,  oiinl  ot    Shaueiilnii;;  l.ippe. 

1  lie  i\ui  In  ll  have  a  diiimi ;  \  oice  in  the  diets  of  tlie  i 

circle,  and  a  |oiiit  voice  m  ihecoHij^e  ol  the  Wellpha-  j 

ban  i  Hints  ol  tlie  cmjiiie.       The  princi|>al  [ilaccH  .iie,  ' 

H.i;j;(  nlnii>.f,  with  a  c.ilUe,  iioltdioufe,  and  in.imitac-  ' 

rort'.s  ot  imcn  .Illd  bill  kr.iiii ;   .^teinluale,   on   ihe  Steiii- 

hndc:  1  ikr,   Hith  the  lame  in  iiii.t.ictoiics  is  ihe  lomier,  ; 

a'ld    .1   lilhen  ;    .iiitl  .Siil'h.ij;e:i,   nhiili  is  uell  t.inilied,  [ 

Im.-  a  i  .illlc,   orphan  hodlc,  ,i  ll,.;i.i\  iii.iuloleiiiii,  .md  .i  j 

(.e!(  br  ile.l  iniiicral  Ipiinj;.  i 

.'diaucnl  111  i;     from    viliich    the   louirv    liciivcs     its  I 

.nrne,    .It    preiVpt    evhibit.i  oillv    t'.ie    riii'is   i  I   an   old  ! 

i.illle;    \ilbvck,  on  the  W'd'er,  h.i .  a    Liiiluian  1  iiiii-  ' 

d.ition    lor  .111    .ibbcfs  and  I  .■•  laihc  i   .md  \)olii  iibei  k 

1-  the  I  ellii.'e  .■;  .in  ancient  i-loiller  in  a  neijilibciinny,  ' 

VMl.id. 

Hill  klili.i,  :  ieiii.uk, ible  tor  li\  tlliny',s,  ,1  Itl  ,i;y;',r.illle,  , 
a  bi.u.tiltil  LJuiicli,  a  will  eiidoc  .-J  orphan  Iiciile,  .in  ele-    i 


r:  M  p  I  R  i;. 


763 


bi.i'i!  i  1  l!-,e  Wellp'.vilian  1  ol 


,L'ant  tou  n  (choo!,  n  hvfc  ralviiiil}  i  in,fc!i,  and  an  r.d- 
niiiable  f.iiintain  in  the  marker-place. 

Rintein,  a  lortilied  roun  betveeen  ili'  W'lfcrnnd  I'.x- 
tcr,  has  an  iiiiivcrliti ,  tiie  pro:;  Hbrsoju  hii  hare  iiartly 
J.utlicraiis,  and  partly  Cilwnills.  !  (ere  is  a  rcyency, 
conliltory,  and  fiiperiiitendancy  j  and  (bine  trade  i.< 
tarried  on  by  means  of  the  W'cfir.  To  the  iiiiivcrlity 
of  Tovm  belong  the  revenues  of  l"'qellorl,  lornierly 
a  Henedictine  nunnery. 

■Soltoif  is  fiinous  for  its  li;;c  white  flit ;  Olicrnkircben 
for  a  noble  foundation  for  laitlicran  l.ulies;  ;ind  Ro- 
denberg  for  its  lallleand  iiiedicin.il  fprinij. 

The  (.'oiinty  of  Dki.mimiiohs  r,  which  i.;  tidi'.abb/ 
fertile,  is  furrounded  by  t!ie  U'ei'er,  Oldenburg,  l)c[i- 
holt,  and  Wildliaiifen.  The  govei  'iiiient  is  veiled  111 
the  regency  of  Oldenbun'; ,  a, id  the  onK  place  of  any 
conlideration  in  it  is  Delmcnhorll,  from  which  it  takes 
its  name.  This  town  is  (ituated  on  tlie  river  Delme, 
and  has  a  llrong  'allle  to  detend  it. 

1  he  C'oiiniv  ot  Oi.ubmh  i!'.  is  .^0  miles  long,  'jo 
brnail,  and  bounded  by  i  all  I  riiil. ind  on  the  vieii  ; 
IXlmenhoi  11,  and  llie  W'efer,  on  the  call;  Jover  and 
Jode  on  the  north  ;  and  Miinller  on  the  foicli.  It  is 
feinred  b.  dykes  ag.iinll  imind.uioiis,  and  prod.!' c-: 
|)alcir,i"i',  cattle,   and    turf      Ir  is  nutid  for  its  iioir'.-. 

Ihe  king  ot  Denm.irk,  to  vi  lioni  this  count',  i-e- 
enicled  in  rig'it  tluieoi' to  :i  h.u  aid  v.ii.c 
e  ot  counts  of  the  eni- 
pir.',  .'.id  ill  tlie  V'.'^ts  ot't'ie  i  in.le.  The  aJni  nillri- 
tio",  is  v.lled  in  ,1 'egency,  fubordMare  judicaioiies,  a 
rov,il  loiifillory,  and  a  fup. riiUend.ince.  The  iiiinci- 
pil  (>l.ice>  in  thi-  county  are, 

(■.*,-d,i.Hiir!'.,  a  town  reg'ii.rly  firii'i.d,  an-.!  Iiruarrii 
at  thi  i.wnihiv  of  the  Ihicl'  ,.n  i  lie  il,;,i;...  1;  h.'.-  .1 
callle,  vv ''ll  !',  iiv  now  the  niiii.  Ill  (  oi  f'e  ley^ei;,  v :  ,i.iil 
.1  cliiiri:h,  .I'teiirii  was  fornii  rlv '.he  'cui  i.d  phi  r  of  tl'ic 
'/i.-;n;s  irf<y.'^*  nbnig.  'file  celei-r.iti d  h'.Mii,  caihil 
ih  ::>*ril  <»f  <,i»1<!enbiirg,  wis  once  kip:  in  ti-e  callle, 
bvr'  i*  IS  ,»t  prefent  in  the  iiiu'eiiinal  t-'opeiiiKigen. 

\Vi^.l,  ilt.utid  ilia  wood,  c.ilL'd  //>c  A'-' :('  '/  /,/;-,  ', 
vt4»  iWrmerl'i  tlti  i.ipital  ot  a  feii^iier. ,  and  i.ad  a  vvin.j, 
f>l   (Is  |Sne  callle  buriu  ilou  n  in   <~,\. 

Thi-  f.oiinrv  of  Hf.xriii  im  is  40  miles  long,  1: 
<ir«ad,  IWroiinded  bv  .N'liinller  an.i  the  l.lnited  Pro- 
Viitn'.s,  »:iti  .1  ounds  in  woo. I,  llone  quarries,  grain, 
irt'UlMce,  h  V,  V en  foil,  g.iinc,  catile,  Iriiit,  and 
/^ilh.  If  hai  icn  and  udollen  manulaciories.  I'hc 
■ .  Vfu:  J'ls  a  ..at  ,'ind  voiic  in  tin  coliege,  and  in  the 
<l'4i'fs  <>f  jli'  ci'le.  Till'  inhabitants  are  Lutherans, 
Cui^itmU,  arui  Roman  c.uliolic^.  'Ihe  principal 
pJ.K  's  ar.-, 

|{cfi(i'  'n,  f:  1  which  the  countv  takes  its  name,  a 
I.irge  hull  ^h  i\n,  ;{o  mill  s  north-well  troii!  MuiilKr. 
It  ID  di'k'.i,  ly  an  old  ;  .illle,  where  the  counts  le- 
fule,  is  tfcuaud  in  a  woft*"  and  has  a  Rom, in  Catholic 
and  A  I'alvimtt  church. 

VViiimar-^—i  has  a  nobh'  foundation  for  ladies,  and 
,1  ^jr  and  \ UK c  at  the  VdfA  •ii.ts;  .Schurtoif,  on  the 
v....  hte,  is  tfct:  oldelf  tows-,  in  il,<  (roi.nti  -,  Noriii-horii, 
Uhuiuii  '  xl  bv  the  Vec!*'*'',  has  .1  ti'lerable  trade  ,  and 
I  renfwi,  en.  a  cloilU*  t**  ijriil.ir  cmons  ot'  ihe  oid.i 
of  St.  .\iigi:ltine,  hi  .  ;.  j[.»'i,l  voi.eat  the  land  diet  . 
and  was  ioimerly  tli    '.itMail  }-•"■  e  ol  the  ciuiius. 

DoK  I  viiM.i  is  an  Imfn  i.al  < .: . ,  has  .1  leat  and  v  iv,  i 
at  the  di.'ts  .'I  the  circle,  .ind.i,'  'at  thole  of  tlie  ei,i- 
[iire.  It  was  formeile  one  o.  ihe  Hans-Tow  p,s,  1,.;^ 
toiir  I.ul  111  1,111  i  luiiclu.'-,  t«o  inon.illei  ies,  .md  o;- 
iiiiniu'r\ .  li  is  populous  .ind  rich,  has  a  commiiiii'..' 
iiiinwi:!i  ilu-  Rhine  bv  means  of  the  I'liiplir,  and  c.ii-- 
111  s  on  ,1  '•    .  .  able  trade. 

I  lie  Imi  . ,  ll  C'ilv  o\  Ai\-i  \-('ii  MM  1  I  1  is  I  ;  ii.iii  s 
.'•.orthe.ill  lioni  l,iiiibiirg,    1  ;  l-'iii  h- .veil   fi"ni   li'iici-. 


and 


iiiiiih-eall   o,   ."^pa.      1; 


Ik" 


roMu 


m  a  V  ,ilit  , ,  fiir- 
idid  with  mount. lins  and  wood-;  vi't  r  en|o\..  ,1 
veil  vihol'diiiue  ,iir  i  and  the  hill,  .11.'  i.'ici.J  vi;tli 
vines.  Ii-  I  ,11111  ii.inic,  \ijiiilgia!ii:iii,  ;  liippolid  ru 
b(  . lei'  id  liiii'i  Sireimi.  liianus,  !ii  ii(cii,int-geiu  rii 
ol  (i,i)h.i  Heli';ica,   who,  li.iviii!'  d;!',  ovi  red  i!'c  I'piiiv^ 

heii 


,1 
{  t 


).''B 


il 


f  - 


\. 


I'iiJ   \  »r- 


7^4 


A  NF.W.  ROY\I.   \sn  AUTHFNTiC  SVSTFAT  of  UN1VI'U=;\I.  GF.OCJRAPHY. 


hiMC,  anno  5^,  aiioiiicii  them  like   tin-  lioman  Ixiths. 

niiii  biiilt  a  p.i'.u-o  n.'.r  t'.iim;  in  (  oiirirni.uiiin  wlurcot 
the  niti'i's  lliU  llu-iv,  at  tlic  fiiii  ol'  the  town  IiduIc, 
a  n;ci  c  ot"  aiKicnt  .ircliittviiirc,  wliuli  iluy  call  (iia- 
ni;s<  'rnwci,  ami  i'.iy  it  «as  a  [lart  nl  lli^  palace  ;  tli()iij;h 
the  bu.Mini;  does  not  appcir  lb  aiK  leiit.  Aeeoiilin^ 
m  Chaileiua';ne\  Pra^iuati.  S.m.tion,  th  s  (ira;uis 
Mas  brother  to  Nero  aiiil  Apnppa  ;  aiul  the  Chronicle  ot 
L'tiecin  lavs,  he  \*a>  l\i;iillud  hiilur  bv  Nero.  Anila, 
the  Hun,  i'.aviij;  plunilereil  aiiil  ilellrovcil  this  city,  it 
lav  ill  nuns  till  tlu' time  of  (Jhar'.ein.iLCiie,  who,  hunt- 
ing in  t!ie  luiuhb  'iirin^  wioJs,  his  hoile  happeiie.l  to 
Orike  his  hocji'  into  one  of  the  fpiiiu;-.  The  (•iiipcri>r 
obfervin;  ihis,  aiul  hr.il^iv.:.  In  tf.e  \\:\n^  ct  leveial 
great  buililin;:^,  ti'at  this  iiuili  ha\e  bie;i  the  old 
Acjuis,  ordered  the  batiis  ;,)  be  fearelied  cut,  and  le- 
bu:lt  1  founded  and  eiiilnwed  the  corie|;.i,Ue  church  ol 
St.  Mary,  111  whieh  he  er'pl.'v  ed  a  '.jrcat  quantity  ot 
iiiaiMc,  cliat  he  fe:u  lorl.om  Uoir.e  and  Kavenna  ; 
and  \v  \5  lb  charmed  wiih  ilu- titiialion  oi'  the  pla  e, 
that  l-.c  built  a  palace  here,  tOf;eilui  with  all  that  p/.rr 
of  the  city  whicii  is  er.clofed  bv  the  old  v.  dl  ;  and  n.ade 
it  the  I'eat  ol  his  e'r.p;re  on  tl-.is  tide  tl.c  .\lps  ;  ovdiin- 
in,',  th;'.i  tl'.e  t'utuie  kin^s  cf  the  Uouiaii-  lliui'd  be 
ciowiivd  hire  will  an  iron  crown,  as  ;u  Mil.in  v.  i;h 
line  ot  il!\(r,  and  at  Iv  in.'  with  one  of  l';  ild  -,  v, h,,cli, 
tiiout^ii  o;'l'i.r\i-d  tor  a  \>l-,:le,  ha.  bie.i  lo  v.;  fm.e 
dil'uled. 


Hot' 


1  t 


Norii;an« 
f\ood  it> 
fered 


J  pai.ue  an 
fu-    t'  e   I 


ur 


n. 


,ik!i  1).  I  t: 


I  [o'An  were  burnt  in  ^S:,  b;  the 
iiur  h,  Ivim'-.l:;  Io  n  U'h  iiiaible, 
.\t  e,  the  touii  u.:s  rebuilt,   ir  '.ii- 
r  tin  -,  in  1  1 .;».,  11    :,  1  ':+,  1  ::,(>  ; 


and  paiticularl\  m  p>;'',  \' .  .  n  in  1 '...ri  lies  and  (!a- 
}-cls,  and  ;:;ohoi. fes,  w  •,  re  i':,,it;  b.;t  foon  alter  le- 
tiuiit.  In  idSS  th.e  f.iHiOijS  Irv.i;'.  wa-  in  ide  Itere  be - 
twceii  Iraiue  a:'d  Span.  This  t"wn  1-  i.died,  bv  the 
Jrcnch,  .-Xixd.i-Ch.ipi  !1  •,  troni  ailMpei  1.1  the  j'leit 
church,  where  a.e  ab..i"..laii>  e  (  t  leli^jnes.  it  i^  noted 
for   fcveial  coiiiKi',-,   '•'.■  tVe  tin,  v-l;arUin:i;'iu  ,  aild 

],euis  the  I'lous,  concenrnp  t  .e  ]:r(.Ci.;!i.  :i  o!  the  1  '.olv 
(■holl,  letoniiation  otioin'-crs,  the  repulation  of  ino- 
n.'Htr.es,  and  lueh  as  had  fei/ed  t'le  (i  ili  imontcs  of  the 


ctujrcn 


If    I'udirid 


h 


duitiv. 


ne 


Sill  ceediM''  iir.oiTois  contin.ieil  to  lioniii.r 


this 


CII\ 

lirefiiiic,  anil    to  cn!ai|re  it?,  pnvileg'.'s;    In 
made  Ireeand  iniiKTial.     I'licv  werecrowncd 


hotife,  which  wash  nit  in  i<;5.(,  and  rnicc  reprreiiby 
ihe  citi/eiis,  111  I  ope»  rf  haviiij^  the  conineis  ihere, 
and  not  at  So,ir,iiis,  is  a  noble  Ihue'hirc  i  f  fiee-floiu', 
and  one  of  the  iin-ll  inCiiimany.  It  is  adorned  with 
the  ilatiies  ol  all  the  emperors  liiice  (harlen  aL'ne,  anil 
wiih  ciiiious  h.lbiry-painiinir.s  ;  particuliil)  thofe  by 
Aindfajia,  liighlv  x.ilued;  anioiv^  wh  ch  are  th  it  ol  the 
refunejtion,  and  th.at  ot  L'li:.rlen  igne's  givini^  the 
1  itv  ilu  ir  charter.  The  upperim  (I  llory  of  it  is  one 
hall,  till  feet  by  fio  ;  in  w  Inch  tli- emperors,  whofor- 
ni,;!;>  received  their  fiill  crown  ot  iron  here,  ulel  to 
entirt.iin  th.c  eleet.  1 .:,  an,!  other  |ri:u,.'!,  wl.o  alliiled 
ar  the  corop.ation.  In  the  market-place,  over  '.uainll 
the  town-horli",  th.meisa  large  llately  lou^tiin,  with 
tour  Ipriiij's,  tilt  iiin,  Irom  above,  into  a  copper  tif- 
triKjofeet  in  diameter,  and  weighing  1 2,00-J  poiindt. 
Round  the  edge-,  of  it  there  is  a  Latin  infinpiion,  iin- 
P'litiiig  the  difioverv  of  the  hot  I'piing  b\  Cii.mi.s;  a^ 
w  ;:1  as  the  renew  ing  of  t!ie  batiis  by  Charlemagne  ;  as 
lh.it  the  cold  tout. tain  d,d  lorm(tlviun  iirothe  baih^  ; 


ani 


that  the  fcnate  adorned   it,  will  this  ciiiein, 


io;o.      I'rom  lilts  tlu    water  nil 
llotie  cillern  brhnv,   and  lioni 
t 
a 


1  w  ars  of 


(Jeiniain,  when  moll  ot  t  he  citi.'en.s  wee  I'lotedants  : 
but  the  marqui<:  de  ^piiti'.i  tori^  the  ticin  m  i()i4, 
ar.il  re-eli.ibliliitd  I'opei;.  .  :•■  that  ih.e  i'ro•.ellatu^  have 
not  ttrice  been  allowid  an,  ; '.ue  of  wo' (hip  here,  but 
go  to  chureli  about  two  mie^  oil,  in  to.it  part  ot  l.im- 
buriih  whuh  i>  lubiect  to  the  Dutiii. 


veith  their 
that  It  ua 

here  tor  500  \ean  afiir  C  n.uiemajnie,  a.~  i.  e\[)relTy 
(irda  nid  h\  the  goldi  n  Hull  ot  Charles  I\  .  bu'  i\er 
lin^e  .Ma.ximil  ati  I.  w  iv  11  {7  einptrors  h.ul  been 
crounul  here  lui;  el;.. .  h. ,  tii.it  1  eri  iiiuny  hasbee.lpei- 
foiiiud  at  iranklorr,  w  h.ii  h,  l)>  mg  in  the  centie  ol  the 
enitine,  is  irore  convenient  loi  t'-.e  ITnn  ts ;  Iwipart; 
ru'ai  '\  for  the  Ipiiitu.il  ekeioi^,  ..ml  toi  tl'.e  i  k'-  iol  j  a 
la'in.,  v.ii,)  inn  fend  ti.r  tiuii  e  juifiage-,  '  .0  lelurn 
I:  (11:  1'.'..  k  b\  the  liavigibie  ilwi-.,  the  Kh  IK,  .VI;u!'-  » 
^v,  .  Ni  \  ertheh  I -.,  the  eiuperii-,  when  ciii.u\\\^  a. 
li.iik'o't,  ]>rot(ll.  It  Ili.,!l  be  u  I  funit  pr,  |,  '=,  t>' ihi 
p',-.,  LIS  It  :!,^  .  ■■.  ;  t«  r  V  '  .iilM\i,u'iie  l.i\i,ii  liim- 
felf  iven  a  1  ano'  c"  .1 ,  i  .uhidrtil,  and  cvi\li-i.|  l,i%  (u(  - 
ceir-r 
I  tow;  e 

It!  ;_''i-'s  l',\  ,■  ',  '.hoiil  '  1  i>  ,-,  ,in.|  Ih  Wuik- 
),  ur  I  .V  <ni-,ei.;' ■,  o  •  u  ,  .  tc-.  ii.  he  el 
.Ml',*  /,    V    (I        ,  ,ii:\  .  7  r     •,.:iH^    thio' 

(lt>    •■>  i.vU  t'  '        •  I    ,.     •• 

1  hi'.  ( f  1       ».,    \'       VC   !«• 

'>  e-,  'v,    I'  :,         ,.■    ..„>.' 

.  ■';,!  •  uifi- 

■    O't'iT 


1.1 
,  !e.'  li\  pipe-,  K.t,i  .1 
i,ni,  e  It  IS  I  oiiv  ■  ,  d 
rout'h  the  ei'..  (,  1  the  top  oi  the  louiil.iin  t'.iri-i« 
111';..'  !  r,ii">  Ib.f.eot  C  h  irlem.i'tne  in  .iriivr.r,  nel.lv 
!'  1.,  with  h's  t.iee  touar.ls  (I'eim.iny.  ,\:.  the  city  liii 
:,n  .1  \  ale.  f,.rionn,',>ii  with  mount.iiu.s  and  wools,  t'nr  j 
ni,-  :j  otner  pitbhe  lotintains  of  good  .m  i  cle.ii  water, 
bet'vte.'.  man\  pri^a^e  ono.  Here.ue  ten  hot  min.ia! 
tbtintain-,  .ittd  fan,'  eoM  ones,  without  St.  jair.e-.'s 
date,  belid.s  I'.'.er.il  in  the  adiaeent  fields;  and  the 
'.l;eam.^  titat  lun  t:;r  u  ;h  ilie  lown  keep  it  very  clean, 
and  drise  leveral  mii's. 

1  lerc  are  3,:)  paioelnal  or  coUegi.ite  churches,  bc- 
lides  ihe  eadv.frai,  a  itirge  old-lainioned  (jothic  pile, 
\,hieh  u.i\  eonle,  i.ited  by  pope  I,eo  111.  in  prefcnee  ol 
the  einpeior  Ch.iileniagne,  aiul  ji'15  billiop,.  'I  he 
fleeple,  at  the  w  I'lt  end,  is  adoined  with  fiveial  p'  ri- 
mids ;  and  on  the  top  there  is  a  large  globe  and  ero^t, 
from  t!  i.t...'ir,  whiih  is  much  liiLi,her  than  the  body 
of  the  ihtii  h,  iiins  a  gallery,  lupported  by  a  ion.; 
ai\  h,  10  a  1  iipoiji  near  the  middle  of  the  tahric.  'Ihe 
intiife  ).-  beaurdied  with  a  vail  number  ot  pili.us  of  mar- 
ble and  brafs,  jJilt  ll.itues,  bials  doors  and  p:rtiLion.i, 
and  a  great  dcil  of  Mof.uc  w.-rk.  Over  the  place 
where  Charlemagne  was  lull  iP'frred  hai^gs  a  lar.'c 
croaii  ofliher.tnd  brals  gdr,  ailonud  with  i6fmall 
towers,  Imio.  nde.l  with  S  d.itues,  each  a  toot  high; 
and  ;:  lelhr  Karucs  all  of  lilver;  among  which  are 
coiiini'.'nly  ;  iTcd  4S  cattdkllicks ;  tind,  at  cert, un  grand 
f.lii\;d-,  noltl"itla,n  4,0  fijiers.  1  l,i,  erou  n  was  the 
gift  ot  the  t  ii'p.enir  I'redeiiek  I.  w ''o,  reiiKn  in;;  C'laile- 
mai'P.i's  I  odi ,  inter.'id  it  in  a  liber  collin,  under  the 
alt;u  I't' ih.  I  ho  r,  ,in  I  1  ljv,  r,:il  it  witliil.i  wliiie  m  ir- 
l,le  l..ml>  Tone  ir  h.i  I  I  elore,  with  t..e  b'.id  ot  Proler- 
pine  t:p,o  1  II,  I  p;M)ied  to  !ta\e  brc.  taken  l";om  the 
i,imb  ol  .1  ilu-  t  ft.o.  Out  of  tilts  lomb  were  i.ik  11 
^  ere.i  o  4''v  r  nine-  ,md  nliqu'  s,  wloi.h  the  la  d  em- 
peior  I    ,1  ,>»i  Ir  111  .\iion,  king  'I  P,  rlia,  thel'airi- 


>\\ 


l.V.UIor 


,     ,  lleie  is  alio 

,■!(  peiitv  >  '  ■'  I.  in  bl.ii  k  maible. 
I  ,uev  ;a  w«  «■»  j»|i|Jiii"»'   fee,  .,_ 

;(.il  toi'e  woii\l'>  ihi  VirgiiiMuy 


•■■'■: 

I    ,1    tl! 
'.llOlll 


t  ike  a  I  o.ith  N-  h.i  h,  «heii 
.   tite  n  .ii'llil.iiv  -  It  n  I  C'Mlle 

.,l  the 
•■1    ol 

[0  i-'M-. 

I  r .  iflw  it 


aiij^  »>;  J.i.il.il.  Ill, 
lie  ,i'iini,.ii  i,t  III  '  .K 
'\    ,e  I   Uf    .  Ii  •.      1,. 
tlic  lutii'  ■    ,   o:a  1     ii 
till  V  >  .All    li  ■  euw 

,it    ihi    !■  rh   it  '  >  ,»    MviO't,   ni.e't  "t  i   f(i;t  ol  H.i', 
th,it  I        ■  t.i  b    o.'.ihit  b  vt»  i>r  'a'luo,  and   bun,^ 
orb  e-.jKiied   I  ,  .It  i    '    Ui|>ol    a  high   to>'ei,  it   ^^  r.oC 
it.   Ill  I'diiiii  t  w''  I   |«  ii     o    .i,par;  I  ;'   i.s.   i  .. 
I ,  a'Je  '.ui.)  I  li»;h,   I «  J  I-  h  A< 


I    I, 


:  lit 


i    1  : 


i;-0,e  .111 
I  he   jn 
■   ;  i-\  n 


s    I. 

i-r;        It. 

.'.1  ,  mo  ihi 
.1.!    na.    1 1> 
io,,te,  o;  i^ii  e.s.- 


•^'ai  1"  .;  I'M  Me  i  n'l  •■ 
b,  md  :•  \  U.     '.^. '    ' 
Ilia  r  B  >t.  S'ep!  e,  , 
iiiji  ,  ,i',es,  on  wb..i  !i 
in  iiigHraii  11.     1  b  r^ 

W  ltd    i  'or     ').ll,0;  I        ,1 

ab"  It    V      111   ■,.  ■  I.",' 
Ill  ii'i.i      •o!n'>.    .11   I 
.id.j  .  \', ..  .     .,  .1  ; 


.\,par;  I  ;•  i.s.   ;  :.)  A 
bie.i  -11  r  about  Dur 
\  p. I   I.  ol  the  co'd  he  w.is 
••  the  b'oo.!  ol  rl'c  |;ri/to- 
i  h  ilil  .n  gtild  'tid  pn  ei  • 
>ip  ■   t    .lie  Iwom  at  their 
}\\  luiv  I  I  ihe  Virgin  Mar)-, 
■■  er  .i-t-H-,  <•  i.b.illid  Oil  a  jiilper, 
I,  1  .w.'l  iO  tlie  iniperiii  tihaile- 


^iHl, 

ri,  !\ 

ihe 
o  \ 


i.l 


.v» 


be  I 


>ii 


.  u 


I   wiuk  ot  St.  Luke  ; 
III  a  co*ir  ot  lilvii" 
t:i  t. 


AI'FIY. 

Ill  liiicc  rcpiin-il  liy 
ilu-  conf^ifis  iIkr", 
lu'tiirc  (  f  fii'L-.floMc, 
It  is  :ul'irnnl  with 
•  C'li.ii  Icii  aL'ni',  :\;\\ 
,11  ticul  III)  tliolV  liy 
*li  I  li  arc  til  a  ol  the 
HLjiu-'s  giving  the 
ll    llory  of  ic  is  one 

I'liipiror-i,  who  I'or- 
t  imn  luTc,  11  (V.I  t(» 
ri:u  .s',  w'.o  .illiilcl 
-j>l,irc,  over  '.n.rnil 
itily  1(111  -t  liii,  vi  r  ll 
,  into  .1  it)|)[)fr  cil- 

Iml;  I  2,00.;  [Kuinds. 
itiii  mli  ripii'iii,  iin- 
Jlill;;  l)\  Cil.illi.!. ;  a^ 
)v  Charlemagne"  ;  as 

mil  iiro  ilu-  liaili^ ; 

Aill  ijils  Llilcin,  i:i 
!iv  li\  pipe--,  i.M.i  .1 
11.  e    It    I-.  1  o!i\    ,    .1 

tlu  luuni.iin  i'  1  re  i« 

u-  in  .irni'ier,  ne:,lv 
ly.  .\:,  the  t;ty  lui 
li..^  ae.ii  uoo.ls,  t'urJ 

vod  ail  1  c  icar  water, 
aie  ten  hot  ininoia! 

mthoii!    St.    I.uv.e'? 

■ent  liciils  ;   ami    the 

n  keep  it  ver\'  ekan, 

'gi.itc  cil'.irrhes,  he- 
ir.loned  (jotiiie  pile, 
:ii  III.  in  prelciu  e  of 
305  bilhiip..  '1  hi.- 
:ij  u  iih  ll  veial  p'  r  1- 
irge  glolic  aiul  er,)  i. 
iiL;lier  than  the  b.nly 
iippiirtetl  by  a  inn,; 
t)t  the  tabric.  11, f 
bcr  ot  piliais  of  mai- 
iloor^  ami  p'.rtiLn'in, 
rk.  ()\er  the  |>1  u  e 
•rrreil  hargs  a  laiye 
iiriKil  w  ith  I  ()  I'liKill 
i,  each  a  toot  lugii  j 
;  among  whieh  are 
ami,  at  cerl.iin  ;;ra')tl 
1  1.; ..  i>)>i  11  UHb  tlv.: 
M),  reiiKivm;;  C'.ai  '■■- 
■.er  collin,  iinJer  the 
w  it!i  the  \v  hue  in  ir- 
h  ti.f  b'.ill  of  l^Dler- 
bfc.  taken  fiom  tI:o 
his  tomb  w\'ic  tak  11 
,  V.  h'eh  the  la  il  i  iti- 
.  I  H,  Ilia,  the  1'm\[. 
■,   ,,  ll>-:e  Is  a: I.) 

.  I.  i.i  i)l.t(  k  niailile. 
»•»  j»ti)»iiini  lee,  ... 
HvIIk/'  (I  )  VMiir 
1  ;>>  ihv  V  irgi.i  M  uy 
.■'•  1.1  i  fo.t  ot  H.I', 
r  1  a'la  u  ,  and  bi  in/ 
;ig!i  tin'  er.  It  !■>  f.oC 
,i,  pai;l  :i  \i.  ;  :.)  .\ 
»■  e;t  ^iit  ai)Oi.i  Dur 
»  III  tlie  L'o'.l  he  «.is 
li'oivi  of  the  proto- 
ivV  ;i  gold  '!k1  pri  el  • 
;  .Uv'  I'worn  at  tl'cir 
V  I  I  I  he  Virgin  M  iry, 
i:bolliil  on  a  jilper, 
tiic  1  nipcri'i  t  lull le- 
I  Wmk  of  St.  Laike  ; 
ill  a  co\ir  ol  illva-. 


{•.UROPl:: 


GERMAN     E  M  1'  I  R  T- 


^ 


gil',    loiiivi    il   tl.c   Himr   tomb;    and   ('hariemagne's 
)iit  on  by  hi.s   rucccliiir-;  at  their  conmation, 
in  the  ihibbing  ot  knight:,  ami   i-oiitirring 


IWOi 


aii'.l   M 

otlxi  lionoui-;.  At  the  ea(t  en.i  ol'  the  eMtheJial  Our 
S-iaviinM  is  reprcfenti'il  liit:ngin  ilatc,  with  a  long  robe, 
onathronr,  rniiiJ  v  hyJi  arc  th.c  four  animals  reprc- 
fcni-'ii  i;i  I'v.ekielVs  viiion.  Over  lii.s  head  is  a  circle 
ot  goLlen  (lar-i ;  and  iindi-rneali  is  a  ("yiiibol  of  the 
troll,  wliieii  .ipnearvd  to  Conlhintine  when  ho  detVat- 
cd  M.ixentiu.s.  Ifeie  is  alli)  a  rcpr(Teiitatinn  of  the 
?4  ( iilcr  ,  menrioiied  in  the  Kevilation-,  iiiing  t'roin 
the  I'cits,  1  r'ing  alidc  their  erovMis,  anel  lidling  liown 
l)cfore  the  throne.  The  windou;  are  curioiifly  gilr, 
and  the  paveinen:  is  of' cl'.cque.ui  iiiarlile.  'I'lure  i.s 
an  mum  ni'c  treafiire  lure,  conlKting  of  NctFels  of  gold, 
and  liiver-gih,  cop.^s  einbroiiiered  with  pearl,  and 
other  rieh  vcihnenti.  Over  the  chief  altar  there  i;  a 
chcn  of  lilver  and  gol  1,  of  antique  workmanlliip, 
and  curioully  engraved,  in  which  are  kept  the  four 
lelitiui  s  abo\e  mentioned.  ;\t  the  entrance  i^f  the  choir 
tnere  !>  .1  pulpit,  covered  with  filatcs  of  golil  and  lilver, 
and  ailome.i  with  preeinui  Hones,  el[;eeia!!y  a  very 
lirge  aga'e,  ihe  gift  of  the  emp-eror  Menry  Jl.  The 
nliar  of  th- choir  is  covered  witli  plate.-;  of  gold  alio, 
ir[)refi.n:i;;g-  Our  Saxioiir'.s  pallion,  which,  it  is  f.;id, 
v.is  ioiind  ;n  Charlemagne's  fepulchrc.  In  the  upjier 
part  of  tlic  church,  ovcr-againlf  the  prince'.s  altar, 
bet«een  iv. n  pilars,  is  a  throne,  or  chair,  of  white 
ina!L)Ie,  i'lppofed  to  ha\e  been  placeii  there  by  the 
emperor  (  h;iilen;agne,  in  uhicli  thi:  emperors  iifjd  to 
lit  when  com'  crated,  ami  receive  the  tirl^  obeifance  of 
fh<-  c!e:;o's  .md  the  chapter  ot  ihe  c;it!.edral,  in  quality 
of  king  o!  the  Romans.  It  is  not  po'.i'.l^iJ,  becaufe  it 
vas  lornmly  covereil  with  i'la:e.s  oi  gold,  though 
thcv  are  not  iio\\  to  be  feen. 

'I  he  eirperor,  as  duke  of  Ihalumt,  at.d  the  ekvlor 
pal.itine,  .IS  duke  of  juliers,  are  piole^tois  ol  this  city. 
'I'he  l.itter  name.i  the  r,;a).  r,  or  coiiful,  uho  is  for  life; 
and  ainHed  in  the  government  by  2  burgomaller.s,  or 
Joint  cor.fuls  ;  I4  efchevins,  or  atderinen,  who  arealfo 
lor  life,  and  act  as  judges  i  and  i  20  common-council, 
that  are  elected,  as  are  likewile  the  bur^omallers,  by  1  5 
tiad.iigcoiiij  anies  of  th.e  burgher-,  and  continue  in 
the  r  olFu  e  tuo  )e,irs. 

'I  lie  b:tlis  of  tivs  citv  are  well  known,  and  nuich 
frequented  in  tile  inglitli,  and  moti  other  I'.uropeans. 
There  a'et'. ice  u  ith  in  the  inner  walls  of  the  Old  Town, 
viz.  the  l-n:pi  r  n'.-,  the  1  ittlc  Hath,  and  -St.  C^iirinus's. 
Ch.ii!  n..;ri,e  .'..is  lb  much  ilehglucd  by  the  firll,  that 
lie  o;,i  •!  1  iv.te.i  his  tons,  and  his  nobles,  to  bathe  and 
fwim  i:;;;.-  uiih  him;  for  it  was  the  cuUom  anciently 
to  b.i;i  e  there,  an  hundred,  perhaps,  together ;  but 
it  i--  11.  u  ilividcd  into  live  bathing-rooms,  the  Little 
bath  :01ns  to  it;  and  tlie  fpri'igM.f  lioth  life  fo  hot,  that 
they  let  them  cool  10  or  1  :  f.ouis  before  they  'ife  them. 
They  :ire  impregnated  with  niire  and  fulphur;  and 
fonietm  e-  cakes  of  brimltone  and  falt-petre,  of  a  con- 
fiderable  thicknefs,  are  taken  out  of  them.  'I'hey  arc  un- 
pleal.ip*  to  the  talfe  at  lirlf,  anil  fmell  like  a  rottenegg. 

Tsiear  thefc  baths  there  is  a  fountain  of  warm  water, 
much  reloiteil  to  in  lunimer  morniiiL's,  and  drank  for 
chronical  dileafi^.  Tlu. fe  in  the  New  low  n,  which 
are  t!ie  Role  Hath,  the  I'oois  iJatl;,  and  St.  Cor- 
neil'.e;,  arc  not  fo  hot  and  i  lear  as  the  former,  and 
their  Imdl  i<  fomcwhat  oll'mlive.  Nearihe  hot  Ipring.s 
lie  many  lold  one-,  bv  wliiih  their  heat  might  beiem- 
peieii;  and,  with  .1  little  i  li.uj';.,  they  might  be  made 
the  molt  elclighttiil  bah  ;ii  the  world.  A  phyfician 
of  eminence  la\  ;,  tli.it  b.u!iuig  in  thefe  waters  is  goml 
ngainll  all  ncivous  difmdcr-;  fuch  as  convullions, 
pahies,  numbmis,  trembling,  fciataa,  gout,  fwillings, 
d.l'emjiet:;  of  the  bouel;,  -.ertigois,  tingling  of  the 
iM.s,  nephritic  (|iiUni|  er-,  moift  and  cold  alVeCfioiis  of 
ihe  woiiib,  barreiinef;,  abortion,  fcabs,  uid  the  drc;_:, 
ot  meicurv.  'I  hmigli  tl;c)  aie  pioperelt  fer  bathing, 
ihfv  arc-  alfo  drank,  in  feveral  cafe^,  uith  luccel's, 
aganiil  hot  dillempers  of  the  livei,  fp|.  en,  leins,  and 
boweU,  obihiicfions  ol  the  nielenters  lancrei-,  livei, 


picen,  ami   reins 


Tlirv  rnr.'  the  vc! 


uiil  Its  eliects,  a   cachexv   ai: 


)ly.     Th.ey 


iniindi(-e 
;ire  gooc 


againit  inveterate  and  fliibburn  fevcr>,  tertian  and 
quartan  -gues,  and  bleed irg  at  the  nofc.  Tiiev 
proJiu  e  i;ood  eli'ects  in  t:  e  fcuivy,  rheiimatifm,  and 
other  dil'cmpers,  pioceeding  frnin  toonvicli  leiiim  in 
the  blood.  rhe\  kill  worni^,  dry  over-moill  parts,  and 
help  conception.  They  punrc  the  urinary  vell'els  of 
all  impurities,  cure  l)r.ingiiries;ind  floppag,  s.an.l  lome- 
times  dilfolu' and  expel  the  llone  and  gravel.  They 
are  excellent  aganitt  allhmas,  and  the  molt  inveterate 
cholics,  fiirrhous fuellings,  fcrophuloii  ;dillen'per->, ini- 
pollhumes  of  the  melcnierv  dlalr:'.(Ia^,  ulcer-J  of  the 
mouth,  and  dillempers  f^f  the  l'um^  and  teeth.  The 
drinking  of  thefe  waters  is  relief  alio  in  im:l;inch(jly 
and  livpochondriac.il  ilillempers.  They  recover  lolt 
appetites,  Itrengthen  weak  and  flatulent  llomachs,  and 
quench  immodeiatc  third.  I'lom  thefe  virtues  may 
be  il'cn  the  agreement  l-.etween  the  waters  of  this  jilacc 
and  thole  ol  the  ''nglilli  baths.  In  line,  all  ihofe- 
baths,  cfpcrially  fome  that  are  very  kit  .-ly  repaircii, 
are  neat  and  ci.imiK.dioi: -,  the  accomiiu  dations  and 
provilions  good  and  reafo.Tihie,  and  the;,  are  tre.jueiiied 
liy  the  belt  company. 

.About  a  furlon.g  out  of  the  fouth  gate  lies  the 
charming  village  ot  1'on.et,  or  Porcet,  «!-i';h  h;id  its 
name  from  the  wild  hogs  that  abouiuled  !-::  iiieriy  in 
the  neighbouring  woods.  Here  are  all')  many  hot 
fpringsonboth  lide.s  (■l',i  finall  mol  rivuLt,  -.vhicli  runs 
through  the  town.  I  he\  arc  con\e)eil  l)\  pipes  and 
conduits  into  14  houfes,  in  which  aie  formed  2o  baths. 
Some  (if  them  are  much  hotter  t!i;in  thole  in  the  town, 
and  mufl  be  cooled  iK  liouis  before  they  can  be  ul'ed. 
Tlieir  water  is  clear  and  plciifaiit,  without  any  dif- 
agrciable  Imc'l.  'Ihe;.  are,  lor  themort  part,  fiveorli.x 
v,;r>ls  fqiiare.  Theieis  one  quite  open  to  the  air,  call- 
ed the  Poo.  Man's  Bath,  whuli  h.s  a  IjMing  fo  hot, 
th  .*  tiie  people  fcald  pigs,  and  boil  egg;  with  it;  but 
it  >  -i;.  i-ved,  that  thev  only  harden  the  y-.'lks,  ai-.d  not 
the  '.  .,.  Thefe  baths  arc  net  fo  llroiir:  as  thnfe  in 
the  city,  and,  of  conf'equence,  tlie  belter  for  weak 
people;  and  ihofe  ot  ;iil  ages  and  conditions  bathe 
in  tiem  f.r  tluir  vlivcrruui,  w  ithout  any  d.uiger.  They 
air  good  againll  the  fame  dillempers  a^  the  others,  and 
particularly  againrt  dell. xion-:  of  tlie  heal  tmd  b.reaft, 
moift  and  fque.imilli  flou.aths,  dioplies,  Ilit:  fuelling-, 
^c.  and  nia\  In  drank,  a>will  as  thole  of  tlie  city; 
but  the  latter  are  more  foluiiv  e,  and  thole  ot  the  village 
more  Itrengthen  ing.  The  t'ountainsare,  in'  jth  places, 
fo  plentiful,  that  they  are  capable  of  filling,  leveral 
times  in  a  day,  above  ;o  baths,  of  60  or  70  tuns  each ; 
and  moll  of  them,  but  tliofe  for  the  poor,  are  fo  con- 
trived, that  the  od  water  i^  dr.iwn  ott  by  fubterraneou.'i 
conduits,  an-l  the  bMV  cleanfed  from  all  impurities. 
It  In  computed,  that,  from  the  baths  in  thecitv,  and 
in  this  village,  theie  How  oooo  tons  of  u  .iter  per  da;. , 
which  carry  as  many  pounds  wei^'lit  of  fait.  '1  he  lirl) 
feafon  for  thefe  baths  is  about  the  i  f^th  of  .Ma\ ,  the  le- 
cond  about  the  iSth  of  .\ugi.ll,  and  continues  each 
time  fix  weeks. 

The  village  of  Borcet  i-  well  budt,  has  four  liand- 
fonie  churches,  and  a  nunnery  of  Bernarehne>,  whofe 
abbefs  isa  prmcefs  of  the  empire;  I)UL  th.ere  l:e:  ati  ap- 
peal froni  her  court  to  the  el'chev  ins  oi  theeitx . 

The  adjacent  couiiti  e  ;ibouiv.U  with  corn,  U  lir,  and 
pafliiragc.  The  wooiis  fiirnilh  the  illIlabi!ant^  uitli 
materials  for  fire  and  buikling,  as  the  quarries  ilo  witli 
(lone.  Thev  ha\e  ;i'l'o  m  h  coal  mines,  befules  others 
of  iron,  Icail,  vitriol,  lul]iluir,  und  kipis  calaminaris; 
ami  are  well  fu[iplieil  with  neccirar'e>  by 
aiul  Maefe.  The  territories  of  the  city  are 
contain  ne.ir  200  villages,  enclofed  0.1  ail 
mount. iins. 

Helidcsthe   places  alic.ldv   defiribed,   the 
W'cilphalia   contains    the-    t'olloumg   lefj 
counties,  leigmorie^,  iv;c. 

'I'hc  County  of  DiHMioi.r  lies  fouth  I't  Delmenhorfl, 

isw  mile- long,  5  broa.l,  and  eoiiMin-  a   like  i  :illed 

gH  '  Dumnurrce, 


the  khi::e 
large,  and 
fides   Willi 

1  in  le  of 
lalider.iblc 


Mil 


\  M  W,  ROV\i.  ^^l.  AUriU.NlIC  SVSI  KM  oi>  LNIVI-IUSAI.  (;F,()(;U\r  1 1  ^ 


■  k 


::i  -4 


I  4 


Sill- 


7^.6 

lliiinmciT.i",  uliii'li  ii'.ii)iin>!»  wuh  lilha'i.i  wi!,I  il.i,  k-  i 
'I  he  luil  IS  OiTiL' ;  an. I  tii-'  iniiahit.iius  ihdUI'.  l.'i- 
ihfianilin.  Tluirtuiv'.c  is  in  maill-  iiiun  aixl  uoi.lUn,  | 
whicli  ilui-  mamitai'tiu\', anil  alio  in  blark  latilc.  Di^',-  ; 
li.ilt,  U'.v.'  mil'.  tti\Mi,  l>  a  loiouj^h,  riUiati.\l  du  thr  ' 
lln'.r.  I 

l'\  MONT,  r.ini>'i.  lor  Iin  Miiiuril  waters  Iii'.>  >n\ 
t'u' biirdirs  ol  I  I.iia)\vr,  nc  ii  laiilm',  ,^  iiiilc<  !i)Ul!i- 
will  (it  Hanovii,  aMi.!  :iii'a;l  o  l.iiiiv'  *•  I'  '•^  '1h' 
iMpiial  I,!'  a  I'l'iKUy,  uitli  a  \iiy  iIiom  r  |orr,  fi).iai-rlv 
riiliii.it  111  lI^l  .Ml  louls,  , 'ul  nn«  lu'lnnj^s  to  ti.c  iiriini'  ' 
iiM''  ililii  i^.  1 1'(  fi' 1^  a  ri  I'  riliiri  (irGiTnifn  aiui 
ii;lui  nob,l.l\  liiilui  li'  ill  ink  tin'  u  at;'r>,  ul.i.Iiaii- 
)  r  t.rrcii  I'Viii  rn  :'.•  Ii  (M  >;i,  .w.A  ixjxiitnl  .ibi  laii 
l.iiin  Uiinicn,  III  \' '.i-.  li  iI.i  ^  .ni.  iairi.!l  li)  t!u  WLlVr. 
In  I  lie  III  i;;lil)i'Uili'). '.I  ii  ■  II  n'  III  I  no  lalr-piis ,  aiui  the  ' 
kiii;;'s  iron  ami  lii\u  nniii  -  aie  not  fai-oll'.  1 

'i'iic  toiinry  ot'  Simi  ..;  i  ^.  ;,,.  i .  !u  !J  by  tlie  priiKi.'  ot  ' 
Orange  o|  tlie  iliv':i)i  ol  llaiiover;  hciice  tlic(.i\il 
aiv.l  iieli-li.illieal  ii:i1:l".i:"i  its  aie  Tiborlinate  to  rl'.ofi- 
i.r liruiilw iC-lai:K;ibt:i|;  ;  a:i.l  ilu'  (K  .  lOi  lias  a  iLai  i;t 
tiiC  i(i!!e;.,i',  an.l  at  til.;  iliil  •■.  'llie  onl'.  placiU  lli.a 
ioiin\  '.VMitl'i  ul  iil'li  rv.itio  1  i>  S|)je;,illi;  :■ ',  an  a;i--  j 
(■:e:'t  v'.ilii^  i>na  ii!o:!;' 'i:i,  ::i -hi  \i  I'lif.  rt'«  hii  !i  t' i-re 
i.-  i:i  l":oi|i;:.il  '..(  nl.i  v.o.i.eii,  .iii-l  a  .  ..'!.■  :■.>  wr.cli 
ji.!  ■,iini.;.'  .^  .  !     11  .'.  i.'. 

I  I'.i.  I  ii.iM  .  ,  (  |.i:  '■■r;  i  l".i  lo- ti  leil  l^v  Ru-'iif-  i 
[•■ml;,  1.;';-  ,  f.i  !  ::i  1:1.  a  .1  CMni!):i:};.  L-^  i,7i-'h  j 
I  I  ;  II  lit  ,  ,Nbiia,lh(i.  I;  roiint  i-ni(;'.  ,  .1  |.  ii  a;i.i  1 
\  .1  e  111  ;'  '.  I  n'''  !'■. ,  .iiv!  !;<  ;!i.«:l'i'"  ot  t'.c  i  :i-i  !■• ,  ami  I 
i:..i".I>   i'l'il,    ■   ;l   li  R:I   b::!!',    l>  litii,  ;■.  t|  en  i!  e  f- Ml -.     ; 

1  lie  bull'  ib.iri  I  (li    (iiii:i-lful   u,l^  iri'itiii  ni  1  a    1 
I    ..ii^y   i-.    tl-...   iiiiitr.ii-   i;,   '..•'.^.'.\   II.   a  .1   i.niite>its    ! 
'■  -i::!;  :  >  .1  (-  ;  m  the  i...^.  L;r,  .;.i,|  :n  :lv  li  ,  n  oi    the 
(  ,r  !■■,  .;    .1'  .    :!:;•  n'lint.  .t'll.    !.   in,   vh.Ji  .'-  IV^  a- 
rainl  b;.  ilie  M,u  iL  i.iuii  ilu  il.i  li    i.l  1  ..inl'iii;;. 

'I'l.i- b,,L'n;or.  01  .\.w..iii  IJoi;,  to  liu-  jn  1  e  ot 
Sa'"  "  1.0,  0:1  it>  ai .  (Kiiu,  <n|0.  .1  fi-i,:  ,nui  \.  i.e  in 
the  .  .-e,  an.l  in  the  die-.  .  I  trecin  le  ;  .i-  i!.>  .  :Ik-  j 
(iHin:  .Me^trr.iich,  i.t  il.c  II  .  tii.  y.c^  it'  \\;i  ii.ii^-nii;-  1 
ai!  I' ell!,  in.  '  'i 

li..  .cin';,  el'  1  ;i  i/a;  w  1  b;  !o '•_■*  ro  I'c  [-ainee  ot  j 
.\nlia't-bi  ;i  !  .  riJ-Hii.iii.  i  1  e  f.  i;;':!^;  .<  rj  \'>  lit- iii,  J 
I  ■. ;-,  pi-.il  >i.h!i:i.\(  k(.;i.  '«.  IcM!     to  tl.f  i.o  ;;u  ot  li.i  !lT- 


li,.,,.,  .i.,.i   botii  eiiiitl      h.  ir  i.ropriLtii;-.   to  .1  Il.it  in  ' 
l..e  .  <  l.e,;e,  an, I  in  tl'e  I.,  :>  o!  tlie  eiu  !e.  ii 

'1  be   (iH:iitii.->  dt'  111.11, keiiheiii   anil  ( I'l-iu'lbin,   the  j' 
r  i  .•;;;■:■  I  ^  ol  (it  h men,  d'lmb.iin,  aiul  .\iu;'.ail:,  \\  it  k-  '! 
tiiiaJ,   .M\  kiiilonk,   Keielei.lli  in,   Kujil',  an, I    l.uui-  i' 
iiitibiiii,  S  l.kin.lLn,  .iiiil  tlie  io.:iit_\    uf  ll.illci  iiiui.d, 
.ill  ent::!'-  tl-,.  !r  rel|  i,  -Ive  iiMipr.cio!  >  to.i  lia:  aii'l  v(;.>.i.- 
in  the  h/.a    i_,  ;!:uI  1,1  theu,i.l.N  oi'  the  eirele. 

iiu.  t  IR'-  !.i:  or  Tii;    [:  I' T  T.  R    RUIN  I". 

TUl.-l  cin  Ic  i-Uio'.inilcl  b\  thi  Lower  Rhine,  uhleh 
;'.l:;iol!  riterk . ; ^  i:,  and  li;.  W  Llijili.ilia,  riai.eoni.i, 
S'..iliia,  L'i'jer  S.i\t,;ii,  I.ouci  S.i.\,  ir.-,  .Mi'.i,  e,  aivl 
l.'iMMin.  1:  u  ,s  a:  rie.Mly  mei  h  1 '.rjer  than  it  1 1  at 
|j;r.:i;,  a*  ,1  ire;t  poitioii  li.ith  iuui  dilin.  inbcrel 
ii.wiit  1  •.  1  I..;.,  e.  Thi  .1:^;- aie  1  i  id  at  Ir.ii.kloit, 
r"  ■  .'hiM  .1:1;  l.i.p:  at  V\'oMii.s,  jn.  1  1;  pielui!.  two 
..'"  :  .;■•  M  tlu- I  .' '!ii'\  r  o:  '.\'i.r/.l..i-.  It  •  ill'.  i;iii  ,.,  .m.l  ii 
li,l",.i;  .  Minn-  .;r..  i\[<:  f  ■:\'i.\  u//  il 

1  ii    b  liiopi-.    :  t  \^'o'' \! .•>!.'.  .I'lo,  I  1  :  lUil.  s  in  length,    1 
.in.t  "  ;'i        .vi'.'i  ■••■1  ere  t  iDU-iell.  li  i-  uuirl'e  .ted  by  the  ,.. 
Ki.::;   ,    r    ',    I    iioun.'ei    by   ilu.'   l.nv.r   p.il.il  iii  it,  .      In 
L;tne.  ill'       ■' '.re:',  iii'i  rv.i.m  j.^,  .' al  n  iMnb  ;    il'.oiijdi     ' 
i'Miii   |,\'.  ;.i:;>.',  I    :r;,.;l  .1   11    urn    and    viiv..       '('he   ' 
I'.et.   l.iiv    i>..   .i.l   I...1.  ia'i!\  nj.p-,  il^il.     'll'.ei  linpter 
I  h..b  .    ;'''■    b:'.!  op,     vl'ci!'    level'.'.e    diu',    nut    e.\eee,l 
-, '    -1   a  .d  \'.  i  u,  I  1  l;,:ii:u.il .,  ilub;,..;   to  il'.e  artii- 
l,.;!.op,'    M-.ti. 

W  rii.  ,  ;:.i  e.ii  i  .r  1  I  .,  i,  liti.atid  u".  ;'  e'  e  'i!  li!, 
■  I  ;i.e  Kiiille,  .'t  the  .1  li.l",  e  (.|  ..  i,i,.,  |,  ;i:.,,i,t 
1  !  .1  k  furl  0:1  the  .M.iit'e.  \\  '.lU  ;!  .■  1m|v  i.ii  1  !  aiiii'ir 
■-  :  ki|  :  !  eie,  It  "a.  ui:-' u!  r  I  ii.,,i',i ,  ,  ,j|,  II  '>',.■  ,_i:;e-. 
'!    ■  '■•'•■'•      1:    i;   I  n.l-av.  1    1  ('   tl  e   •  I'jul   ■ 


Hi  '.:.':  ^^. 


ii;i:);e. 


il:et  held  litre  ill  the  year  1521,  to  w  liu  11  I  .utlu'r  laiiic 
aet(irding  id  lu.^  riimiiioiis  ;  thoiij^li  liis  fiieiu's  wo.iKi 
lain  have  ildUiadid  liim,  by  reiiiuidn^  h,in  nt  John 
lliib,  who  Was  burnt  by  a  deeree  tit  ilie  louiieil  ot 
C'onilaiiee,  iiotwithllandiiij^  the  pdljioit  planted  him 
by  tlu-ciniH-ior  .Sij-ilniuiid  ;  Imt  1  .uther,  far  liom  luiii.'- 
terrilied,  laid,  '■  That  thoii<^li  he  wa.-i  fine  to  he  eij- 
'^A'^iii  vwth  a.s  many  devil. as  theie  weretile.s  upon  th.. 
hoiires  of  Worms,  he  was  refoKcd  to  ;-;o."  1  le  i  am  • 
hither  .lecoiihiiidy  ;  and  in.ide  fii  ha  de/eiiee  of  h:, 
doeiriiie,  that  he  «.is  pudeiibeel,  an.l  oblii^ul  to  ab- 
li  Olid  ;  iluring  w  hieli  t  imc  he  w  rote  that  book  i  .illeii  his 
ll'ik  ft  1,1  ihr  I'fif.trl.  The  Lutherans  have  only  one 
eluin  h  fur  their  life  ;  aiul  the  I'.ipdl-  have  all  tlic  fell 
of  tile  ehiuche..  'I'lie  C'ahanilb  have  one  at  Nevvhaiifel, 
h.df  .1  lca;iie  oi;i  ft  the  cii),  vv  lu  r  •  the  Liiiheiai:, 
foiiietimej  leiuple  not  to  have  their  I'lildreii  baptiiil, 
eeMtrai)  to  the  i  iilliiu  of  I■'l.ln!^!l)lt.  1  lie'to.v  n  lui' 
110  other  foriilieation  th.m  a  double  w.ill  ;  and  is  a, 
l.irj.e  a.  riaiikhrt,  ill  jHoplid,  an.l  j  oor.  It  wasofte.i 
lakwiand  iitikeii  duiiii;;  tlu'  eivil  u.iis  in  G.inian',  ; 
bill  lulfeKd  iiioll  b)  the  1  uiii  ii,  ulio,  in  ihS.j,  Ii;d 
in  allies,  in  ,i  few  lici  r-,  uI-..k  h.i  I  b-.n  the   vvoik  ul' 

Ill  I'.y.^i  the  I'.'pini  cK  iy,\,  \. '-.o  had  ivit  b.cii  al 
luu  I  il  11  ni.ik  e  all)  pnu  ( llii  ii,  e  1 1 1  r  on  f.e  day  after 
I'alle',  iKi|- to  cairvtlic  lioll  'n  piiolie ,  lii  teMiiiiun^ 
toeairy  i:  inproeellion  ihr'uijji  |i,e  line;,-  u.-,  (..Iirilliuas 
lia;,  the  nia;.ilir.itc- fi  III  a  no,.ii)  lo  f.itbul  it;  but 
the  |irii<I,  at  the  tu.id  of  the  pr.a  eili.ni,  lir.n  k  him 
ovi  r  the  l.v.id  With  a  i  eiliirthat  he  e.n  i  le.i  in  his  hand. 
Moll  of  tlie  biiij,li  (.,  Iieinii  J'lu.iibiiiis,  lan  to  adill 
the  iiot.iry  ;  but  a  j,,-.  it  luifnbtr  of  I'op  lb  pejfanr», 
biijught  in  for  the  purjiole,  lire,!  u,oii  them,  vvh.ieli 
fo  in<  e'lfeil  the  I'lOienaiils,  that  the)-  diovc  the  pro- 
vellion  baek  t.i  the  ehureh  from  wl-.eiv  e  it  came,  and 
wounded  leviiil  cf  tl;e  I'apilts,  ji.i;  tieularlv  tl.e  m- 
foleiit  |.i:ell.  I  he  I'apilis  complained  ol  t  is  is  a 
bieaeli  of  tile  tie.il)  <>fl\)fvuek,  hit.vi\t  1  r.iiiee  and 
the  enijiirc,  wh'eh  rcllorcd  W'omis,  and  its  d  peii- 
deiKies,  to  the  billiup.  The  I'roteiiantN  ph  a  Jul  the 
treat)  of  W'ellph.ih.;  m  their  ov\  n  delen.e.  .some  of 
the  piineipal  authors  of  the  tuiimll  were  lei/.e.i,  and  .i 
I'.il.itme  regiment  ijiiartertd  in  tiie  eit)  to  prevent  d,f- 
tiii  b.inees.  At  tlv;  lam_-  time  tie  eleetor  eneluud  it 
w  ith  a  wall. 

The  eiiy  is  fubjeet  to  the  billiup,  but  itn.ler  the  pro- 
teetioil  ol  the  eleetor  pal.itine  '1  he  I'.ipilK,  who.iie 
very  nunieiui,  lieie,  h.ive  tlierailieiii.il;  but  ;he  ma- 
L^ilhate.i,  aikl  molloft!-,e  in.  ahir.ir.t  ;,  are  Letiierans. 
There  is  fo  much  vai.anr  (.^ro.ind  in  the  tow  n  as,  being 
planted  widi  vines,  yields  annually  i  ,co  fodders  ot 
will,-,  eii' h  eijiitainin^;  250  iM-pJilli  j^allons.  This 
wine  IS  fo  mm  h  edeeiiied,  that  tiie  inanllliates  make 
])refeiiis  of  it,  with  lone  liili,  to  pri-ues,  and  o.l.er 
travellers  ol' i|u,ility.  The  preferit  ot'tlle  lilli  i^  to  de- 
note their  rij;ht  of  lifl.ery  on  the  Rhine. 

The  churches  of  .St.  Raul  and  St.  John  are  very  an- 
cient. 'Ihe  latter  is  built  of  va'l  Iquaie  llures,  in  an 
irregular  manner,  w  ith  n.irrow  win. tows,  an.l  galleri,  < 
round  the  (.".r.iide,  jii!!  undirti.e  ruuf;  .m.l  -he  walls 
arc  above  '  .  feet  thi,  k  ,  fo  tl..it  it  feni.s  to  f  ive  W-rw 
ileligned  for  a  li  rt  i.ither  than  .1  ■  liur.  h.  'l  lie  i..;:i-,e- 
elial  is  a  king,  hi;.li,  aiitl  llroii;.',  1.11, Uii.-,  with  atuwii 
at  each  of  the  ti  ui  roiiteis.  'lie  uin.iii  i  !,ti  are  do- 
thie  ;  and  over  one  ol  the  galis  there  is  ,'ii  liieiogl)  phit-, 
i)ein;r  a  figure  ot  the  li/.e  of  an  al-,  with  I'lur  he. id.-, 
vi/,  thole  ol' a  man,  an  ov,  an  e.igle,  and  a  h.m.  The 
two  lirlt  are  looking  upwan's,  .uul  thetwo  otl-crdown- 
w.irds.  It  is  fuppol'eel  to  be  a  reprel'eiitation  oi  thefnii- 
be.db:  in  bi/.ekiel's  vilioli;  01,  .1,  lome  think,  o'\  the 
hieiu-J\  iihi'  ^  of  the  four  ev.ine,  lilb.  ;\  viom.in  lit,  on 
ba,  h,  wiiii  h  tlu)   fay  repreleii! .  the  gofi'el. 

'I  heieaie  two  public  h.ilb  hire,  in  one  of  whi  h  tiie 
n,a|'.illiau-»  allemlde  twice  .1  -.'..;  k  li  r  matter.,  ol  llaie, 
Mil  in  till  other  for  the  adumi.Ibation  oi  ;iil!iee.  Il 
w  I,  in  ill  ■  lurmcr  that  Lmier,  I).  i;i).',  luatcd  with  the 
deb.iie,  and  the  In;  thai  Was  near  lam,  called  loi  a 


Ill 


ri. 


II  uliu  n  I.utluT  laini: 
i^li  l^^  fi  i(.'i\i's  wo.iM 
iiui.n^  li.in  i)t  John 
ti"  i)t  I  lie  I  Diincil  cit 
li.ill'jiDit  gMiHCil  him 
uil>Lr,lai-  l'iv)m  li^iii'; 
;•  u.is  fine  ti)  l)c  ui- 
>■  ui'i\'  tilt.s  upon  ih^ 

1.1   !()  !^l>."        1  Ic  (  ailiL- 

I  li  a  JcfiTKt:  of  ii:. 
,  .111,1  ()l)ll;i;;d  to  :i'i- 
tL-  i!>,!tl)(i(iki.i!lr(l  Ills 
litr.ins  havi  only  ()iv„- 
p'.li  liavc  ;ill  ihc  tvil 
ivc  one  ac  Nfwh.uill'i, 
rtliir-'  tlic  1  .u!lu;ia:;i 
.■;r  i'iilJri.11  luiuuil, 
foi  t.  I'lie  t()>\  II  Ikii 
iMe  wall  ;   anil   is   ,i. 

III  1  oor.   1;  uasoUiM 

II  u.us  in  Ciniatr.  ; 
,    u  li,i,  ill   I  fiS,(,  ;  lul 

I  I   I)  '.11    tllC     Ulllk    1)1 

,. '-.o  h.i.l  ivit  iucii  a! 
i  I  j,t  oil  t'.r  (lay  afici- 

|llll)lit  ,  lil  U'lMIIIUIlfJ, 

.0  llriv;,'  c),-.  C.luitliiias 
I)  lo  forhul  it  ;  bill 
iiit  cllioii,  fiiiuk  liiin 
c-  cani'.il  111  iiio  liaiid. 
oell.iii! :-,  ran  to  allill 
■  ol  I'oj)  111  [K'afint-, 
>l  u,.'()ii  t-iuiii,  wh'A  h 
thcj-  lirosc  the  [ini- 
whciv  e  it  came,  aiul 
paiticuiarl'.  the  in- 
plaiiieil  ol  t  IS  ,'.s  a 
,  In  luixt  I  ranee  an  J 
mis,  and  its  d'  peii- 
oteliants  pKaJul  the 
I  n  d^lcHi  e.  .soine  of 
ill  v\  eie  fe;/.e.i,  .'.liil  a 
■.',■  ,  il\  to  jjreveiil  li.l- 
he  ekvlor  ciielolnl  11 

p,  hut  i;nder  the  pio- 
llie  I'.ipilK,  who  .ue 
ihedral ;  luit  ;he  ma- 
rant;,  are  J.etiieran-;. 
in  the  to«  n  a',,  being 
ally  1  jCO  li/dihr,  ol 
j'Jilli  i^al'on.s.  'I'liis 
me  iiia;;ilb"au  ^  iiiake 
I  I'li'ii  e.s,  and  oJ.er 
It  of  the  full  u  to  Uj- 
Uhine. 

St.  John  are  very  a;i- 

\  fniaie  llnr.rs,   m  an 

iii.Uiu  s,  and  ^.illt  li'  < 

ro(.f;   .ir.d  'lie  xi.ills 

it  feuL^'  ti)  h  ive  been 

,  liureh.     'lhee,;ih,e- 

i'.ii.di.K',  ui:l)  a  ur.\,  1 

,e  oiii.iii  cnti  are  (lO- 

ue  IS  ,<ii  iiieroj.;l)  [line, 

;,!•,  «  ith  f  lur  he  111,-, 

ij^!e,  a.'lJ  a  lion.     Tin; 

il  the  two  otl-.cr  ilmMi- 

jireleiUationol'ihetoiii- 

i>  lonie  think,   oi'  the 

111 ..    .\  Moni.in  lii ,  I'll 

i;  1  the  jJ,!'!]  1 1. 

•e,  in  one  of  ulii  h  ilie 

k  li  r  matter,  ol  llaie, 

:liaI:on  of    iilUee.      U 

l)..in;j,   lleulcd    u  nil  tl'.e 

lear  him,   talle.i   lin   a 

gUf. 


i-.Ln;(M'i:.]  c,  v.  r  m  a  n 

jilif-.  ol  nine  !  '.vi-.ieh,  bjinn;  hroii};ht,  he  '>«a:>  focaj^er 
ill  II  uif'ouife,  i!i,it  he  for  (,t  to  drink  it,  aiul  fooii 
alii  1  i:  1)1. 'ke  t  pieces  on  the  bench,  xwthont  any 
I)  id.  ■ ,  t.iueliin  ■,,  cr  being  near  it;  w  hence  the  Linher.ins 
i:i;ij!  i,'  'e.l  that  ilieic  was  poifon  iiiivcd  with  the  wine  ; 
wh:reiip'i:i  ihe\  broke  thcb.nih,  and  Hill  kept  the 
nieces  a  a  memorial  oi  his  d".li\i  ranee.  A  line  chiirth 
WiiM  b  ili  lieie  for  the  failluians  nor  main  \ears  a;;o, 
in  uhu  lithe  hillo;y  of  that  ,',ie,it.  maa  i.s   will  ;).iiiutd. 


!•:  M  r  I  R  I'. 


-61 


Thelt 


.1 


•  iiit   here,  \\!ii(h  is  a  noble  llrucLure. 


M'illl  a  l'i>ai,  i.i'is  p()rlie(>,  .iheie  a  v.i!l  nuliib'rol  bones 
and  hoiiis  Iuiivl;  hei«.  en  ihe  aiLlie.s  ;  thr  lormer  of 
wliuli,  ih'.x  i'i  ,  .ir-,- tj'.ofe  of  I'iaiits  that  lived  anion;.; 
the  .in>  :e  •.*■  \  .1.1.^:.  :ie..  ;  and  the  latter,  the  honi.s  of 
oxen  t^al  di'U  the  Ihmej  whicli  biiik  the  cathedral. 
'I'he  (.iilfi  ie  of  ih(  Ivotife  i-.  a.loriied  with,  many  pietiir^s, 
i);:i:k  nhiib  fiini.  of  ihofegiaiu.s  Ji  armour. 

';.n.  e  thi>  I  .  y  was  laid  in  allies  by  the  I'rcncii,  in 
ifvij.  It  1-  l.:'!e  more  than  the  tliadow  of  its  loimcr 
hcMc:  .  'i'he  nciufl  traders,  confulerinf^  hou  much 
both  ihey  and  ilKir  aiueltors  h;.d  fiiifeied  by  realiiii  of 
theii  I)  II  ;.•;  lo  epeii  10  I  1  i.T.'e,  retire.l  to  hVanklon  and 
llcli.md  ,  fo  u..it  iij  el):''l  I'ipp.  r'  noa  is  lioni  ih" 
1)1  il  I  11  .>:  A  (.' ..  [li  r  i  tile  iirl!  ol  ■..lioin,  liout\ .  r,  l;ein'i; 
alu  "  a  I  li!.."i  ",  and  olien  an  ecileli.illn  .il  (liCUn, 
\i  rv  fiidom  u.'ihs  lie!;.  the  citl.'ells,  ;is  .lie,  in- 
d'.ed,  liiof.  i:f  111  (il  other  Iii-peri.d  town':,  .iri  -.ery 
era  1  pi  1  !'.'.:*  u  iiiapgcis.  'I'l.en  is  ,1  feii.ite,  or  lujirenic 
ei-uii  il,  htu,  iiMii[)o(id  (.r  ?.-,  iiieir.bers,  wher.of  1  ;< 
are  f  1  lile.  'i  h:  ;i'  is  the  fun  !'.  country  in  tlie  world, 
tioi.i  this  c:l}  to  Oppeiihi.!!!!  and  I  endale.  'I'h.c 
f.iu'  f;-.',.  iw,  ^  plain  in  which  it  ftaiius  .iboiind,  w  iih 
cm,  \in,  ,ir.h.,  and  fniit-frees.  .\  u  ine  i.s  prodiiceil 
heu',  \ih:  !i  I'lc.illed  l,iebe:i-f iMi:en-Mih.  h,  1.  e.  Our 
]ai'\'..  .\iilk.  'Che  Klvne  is  about  {  or  4  :j  paces 
from  the  town  ;  but  it  i.-.  f.iui  it  lornii  1)  ran  dole  by 
its  walls.  \\  h.K  h  '..a)-  foever  one  apiir.Mciies  the  town, 
the  four  takers  of  the  c.irhe.lr.il  are  leen,  w  hich  are  all 
built  (f  red  free-llone.  In  ilie  (.ampaign  of  174} 
kin:;  (I'eoi-e  II.  took  tiphs  quarters  in  tins  city,  and 
Id.'ti^e.l  in  tiie  bith.op's  p.'.ia^e,  after  the  battle  of  Oet- 
tiiv-^n. 

.S, 1.111,  iheiii_;h  o:il)'  a  fortrd':  on  the  river  \'\  ilehnit/, 
gixes  uaoKMo  a  b.iihwirk  ;  and  Lcinin;^eii  is  a  town  on 
a  iii;ie.nr:iin,  the  1  ii.ulel  of  wliii.h  wasdeIlro\ed  by  the 
I.cvh. 

Ncuiiaiifcn,  riirkeim,  Rhein,  f  loekheim,  and  Dirni- 
ftcjii,  are  all  boroiij^hs,  w  it'i  i'r. •reliant  <.  iuirches  ;  in 
\v''.i(h,  houev.'-,  t'ne  Rcmui  Catholics  .ire  .iKowcd  to 
jiertomi  ri.or  iil.jjious  duties. 

'1  he  Billi.  piic  of  SriRi.  IS  iinerfeelcd  by  the  Rhine. 
'Ji  e  olher  p  irt .  are  furri'tinded  bv  the  rcrritinMesof  the 
rlcetci  palatine,  ai'.d  the  ipar.:ra\e  ol  H.ulen  Durlach. 
.S< me  parrs  are  moiint.ur.ous  a'ul  w>..)dy,  and  others 
Ie-..  '•  iinl  hr'ile,  in  corn,  ahr.onds,  vines,  and  chtfnuts. 
It  cNtend.-i  ]t  miles  in  length,  and  i:  inbieadth.  'I'hc 
b.ll.op,  though  futl'raL'an  ro  the  archhill  op  ol  Meiitz, 
;•.  a  piiiicc  of  the  empire,  has  .1  feat  and  voice  in  the 
iti.rs  thereof,  and  of  the  circle. 

The  linpi 'Kil  c:!\  of  Sivire  is  (itiiated  on  a  delight- 
f  1  I  l.'.in,  on  ihe  e:i!l  ti.le  (.1  tf.e  Rliiiu',  1  ?  miles  foutli- 
vel!   fi 


Ik 


lib 


It 


V..1S    erected    bct'ore    the 


I'lie  oi'  Our  M'.  !•  Ill,  and  the  fee  was  founded  in  the 
lo.rih  ;ent;iiv.  Ihe  ma.  il' rates,  and  many  ot  the  in- 
Inhiiants,  v\i  l.Mih.eran<  ;  I  tit  the  Roman  t'atholics 
Ivue  :i'a:'y  .  huK  he-,  con'- eni  ,,  cvc.  It  ha>  a  feat,  and 
vote-,  in  tile  liu  I'i  of  tl'.'.-eiiijiire,  and  thole  of  the  circle, 
J'-',  ipg  .'11  iilielliueiit  to  the.iiipire,  and  the  chamber  of 
Vx'e'.'iar.  'I'he  Irencli,  who  burnt  th;.>  cit)  in  the 
\(ii  U'.M)  11  u. dried,  iiu!ifi'riniinatei\ ,  men,  women, 
a'a!  childr  n  •  d  itroml  l,\eial  valuabh'  marble  mo- 
la.meiit^  if  ;  111]  1 .  ii  ■  .Old  I  ii'jiiili'i  s  ,  e\  en  ralli.icked 
ill  g-.ives,  an  ;  l'i.,itti  ri  d  .;bi)',:t  the  bones  of  the  vene- 
rable ih  .'d.  PrtMiUs  to  this  d(  v.ill.ition  it  was  the 
li  II  ot  l'"-  Imp!  nil  '  li.uiiber.  .Siiii.c  lh.it  tune  it  has 
fi  n  i'.iiil  uitiiaddirion.il  beaiif.  .  bur  th.e  Imperial 
1  h..iiibi  i  ha'  Ikcii  leiiiov;  lI,  ,\t  tli  ilut  hcM  here  in 
j,;^,  ill'   x,o;d   /-"i  ;,•._.'./..■  to  jk   iijiiie,  liiicc  which 


time  p(ili)ns  ol  tlic  reformed  relijvon  Iiavc  :  .en  dif- 
tmoiiillud  b)  that  .i|)peliati<>i).  It  is  lingular,  that  the 
bilhop  I,  not  permiuedto  refide  in  this  city  ;  and  when 
he  is  chofeii,  belore  he  is  fiili'ercd  t  )  e.iter  it,  he  iiuilt 
ledrefs  all  c.aiiplaints.  i  hen,  fitting  on  horfeback, 
between  the  two  outeimoll  g.itts,  with  one  Ii.ind  on  his 
left  breall,  hemu.tgive  it  his  benediLtio,i  He  tiien 
makes  his  public  entry,  and  the  citizens  (lay  him  ho- 
mage. Tills  citv  is  iin.ler  t!;.'  protection  of  tiie  elec- 
tor palatine.  The  fortifications  are  but  very  iii.iif- 
fercnt. 

I'hiliplluirg,  eight  miles  to  th.e  foiuh  of  Spire,  was 
ar  lirli  but  a  little  town.  Aftciwards  it  was  cnconi- 
palfed  by  a  wall,  and  at  length  (reeled  into  a  cif)- in 
l44(.  It  iscorvenieiuly  litiial/il  for  commanding  the 
ailjaceiit  couirry,  and  wastheivlore  fortified  with  i'evtn 
royal  ball  ions,  by  I'liilij),  bilhop  of  hpire,  'who  w.i.s 
alfobilia)pof  Tiers,;  in  i<'i'j,  before  the  civil  wars  in 
(jeriiian.,  and  called  by  his  own  name.  The  clcjitor 
palatine,  1  rederic  V.  under  whole  foveieignty  and 
prote-titin  it  was,  fufpicious  ol'the  bilhop's  ileligns  in 
tbrtif;  iiig  thi,  pLice  during  a  jieace,  or.lcivd  him  to 
delill  ;  but  he  rtfufctl,  alledgiiig,  that  he  had  the  em- 
peror's placar:  for  hi-,  warr.uu.  L'pon  this  the  elector 
raifed  troops,  and  den.olilhed  the  fortiii;  aioiv, ;  for 
which  tne  emperor  fummoncdliim  .in..l  his  confederates 
before  the  chamber  of  .'-pire,  and  deligned  to  prociCii 
agaiiill  iliemwith  theutiioii  feveius,  which  was  one 
(it  I'.ie  caulcs  of  «the  civd  wars  in  Cjermany.  It  luis 
futiercd  fc\eral  memorable  lieges,  in  the  fpaceof  100 
yc-ars.  ."vjiaola,  the  Spanifli  general,  repaired  the  for- 
tili'-atioii,,  and  made  it  almolt  impregnable,  in  16 j{. 
It  was  taken  the  year  alter  by  the  swedes,  who  gave  iL 
to  1  e'.,i;  Xlll.  and  v.a.  retaken  by  the  In  perialills  in 
16(3.  il  was  taken  fiom  them  in  i6.f4by  the  I'reiich, 
iiniler  the  prince  of  Condi-,  who  joiiicd  the  (jermaii 
Frotellants.  Tlie  1  tench  kept  it  till  ih-(i,  bvvirtue 
of  the  treaty  of  Muniier  ;  and  Lewis  Xl\',  added  lb 
greatly  to  the  fortil.caiioiis,  that  tlieyex:ended  to  the 
Rhine,  which  lie.  a  quarterof  a  league  from  the  town  ; 
and  over  the  i:,reat  g.ite  put  a  Latin  mfi  ription  ;  thu.i 
rendered  int.)  Lnglilli  : 

"  Lewis  XiV.  tiij  moil  Chriilian  king  of  Trance 
and  Navairc'j  ha\ing  finillied  the  wars  111  both  Cjcr- 
manics,  and  rellored  peace  eery  where,  caufed  this 
fortrels  to  be  ll  rcngihened  with  tliele  ramparts  and  w  alls 
at  his  own  royal  ciiarge,  as  a  nionumeiitof  his  own 
v.ilour,  and  of  th.e  le.dveiy  of  the  Oerman  liberty. 
I  Ie  coiiii)!eated  it  m  idod,  fjr  the  terror  of  his  eiv.-- 
iiiie.s,  ihe  fupiiort  ol  his  aides,  and  a  fecurity  tj  the 
Trench  ;  it  being  the  fccijiul  bulwark  of  France  on  this 
fide  ol  the  Rhine,  and  a  key  into  Germany  ;  the  low  ell 
in  litiiation,  but  not  in  Ihengdi. 

"  W'iiat  he  Ihuts,  no  11  an  opens ;  ai'.d  v.  hat  he  open-', 
no  man  lliuts." 

In  ifiyfithc  hnperialifls  rct(«)k  it  ;  and  the  emperor 
ordered  the  l.iiil  l.atin  inlcrip'tion  to  be  er.ileii,  and 
another  put  up  III  its  iua.i.      InTiiglilhii  ruiiithuo: 

*'  Leopold,  the  enipero;-,  pious,  fuccefslu!,  and 
augiili  lonqueror,  having  undertaken  a  ncceliiiry  war 
fur  .illilling  his  confeder.ites,  delendinj,  h.is  fubjects, 
curbing  his  enemies,  and  rellonng  peace  every  wlieie, 
took  this  fortiefsb\  liege,  that  il  might  be  a  monument 
to  polleiitv  ol  his  I  lenking  otf  the  yoke  of  llaveiy  hoin 
tile  neck  i-fiommon  l.bert\  ;  and  relloring  it  to  Gei- 
m.iii,,  lioiii  will!  ll  It  had  been  unjullly  taken. 

'  "  In  the  vearof  G'.ir  falvation  iC)-?^. 

I 

1  "  1  111  the  teiiorof  hi',  enemies,  the  defence  of  his 
j  fub|e.ts,  and  the  f 'i  ;irit\  of  Ciermany,  he  Unit  .igiinlt 
tne  TreiK  h,  anil  opened  to  the  Ciermaii .,  this  lecond 
bulwark  of  1  rance  on  tliis  fide  of  the  Rlime,  and  key 
10  Ciermany,  a.  .1  liappv  (  men  ol  liii  like  I'.i.  icls  in  re- 
e.. wring  11:01  e' 

•■  Vs  hat  the  Trench  Ihut,  tlie  Oermans  open." 

Tiic 


K 


i^ 


i  ft 


<  I  I  •} 


!4 


•;{,l        A  NF.W,  ROYAL,  and  AUTIIKNTIC  SYSTKM  or  UNIVKKSAL  (ii:oC?RAl'UV. 


The  Girnun'  h;ivinc;  rogaincii  it,  ilUT  a  iK-ge  d* 
tour  iiifiinhi,  r  was  gKiiitcil  to  thcni  l)v  the  j>c;uc  ul 
NiiiK-piicn.  In  W'SS  the  Iromli  tDok  u  .i^aiii  -.  but  it 
\\;is  nllnrcil  to  x\\:  cinpin.-  by  the  trcity  dI  RyfwKk  in 
ihq-,  with  thi-  toi:ihcatuiii>  on  the  u^ht  rule;  but 
tli.iiV  on  the  k'lt  were  iieinohllK\l.  It  w.vs  a)^.un  t.ikeii 
b\-  the  rVciKh  in  i-.^4,  alter  a  ion};  ami  bUxnly  liege, 
111  which  the  taininis  liiike  ot  Herwu  k  (natural  (on  ot 
kin^  James  II.)  was  killeil  by  a  cannon  ball,  betwixt 
I  IS  t«o  qraiKlliins  as  he  went  to  take  a  view  ol  the 
f. ercl'.es';  but  the\  relloreil  it  uiion  the  peace  that 
loi:o\Mil,ai  the  he^innini;  iit'the  yeai  i  ^-.j^. 

The  billii'P  ot^piie  lelidis  in  the  caltle,  a  noble 
jiile,  tiuiiulnl  in  iji.},  in  a  plain  fun-.ninileil  with 
nv.rlhes,  bv  George,  count  palatine  ot  the  Uhme,  aivl 
M;iu)[)  ot' Spire  i  ami  repaunl,  in  1570,  by  billiop 
Maiquar>.l  lie  llatt>ein.  The  cmpeior  has  the  riy,ht  of 
<arril'oni;!g  it  ;  but  the  bilhop  has  alio  fome  fort  ofju- 
iiHli:tio;i  m  it. 

Uiiivhall,  or  nruchfil,  is  a  l.ir;',c  open  town  in  this 
biOiopiii:,  on  the  river  Salt/.a,  w  iih  a  calUe,  which  is  the 
or.iinarv  relii.K'iice  ot  the  b''.1)0[),  nine  miles  louth-ealt 
ot  I'hiliplbur^,',  and  12  -.lorth-calt  d  Durlach.  Here 
p;ince  1  ii;,;ene  kept  his  heai(-i[u:ir:t.is  during  the  liege 
ol  rhiliplbuig  by  the  I'rench,   1-J4. 

\lt!i[i,  in  the  fame  diocele,  though  but  a  vill:ij^e, 
'■.'.-  r.irnierlv  I'ortiiied,  becaulc  i:  commands  ;i  p,ill'.i:;e 
lithe  Rhine  a  little  abo\e  Mmheini.     In  the  N'otitii 


•  i  111.  nuj-ire 
iunk  (U'  the 
I'l  '.'a  h   I  I'll; 
garriion  m  : 


It   IS  callcil 


de    A 

\  erv 


\.\  R'.pa,  bccaufe  the 
ii"h.     It  was  a  place 


Uliine  is  hcic 

D-.tance  to  tl'.e   Romans,   that  the\  keiit  a 


Welbdat.   and    Rottcnbur 


r« 


an;  fmall 
lirlt  IS  liruitcd  on  the  I  l.irt,  the  banks  of 
g  )o.l  wine  i  and  the  latter  is  dctende.l  by 


Kidahei" 
to^n--.  Thi 
wh  rh  \  i.li 
a..:!;le; 

The  r.i  h  Provoillliip  of  NVrissnsiu  r(;  wa.  oripi- 
ii.illv  an  abbe/  of  lieneiiictine-,  lituated  in  the  ancient 
mipviial  cit'.  of  Weilllnhur;^',  in  the  l.,)«er  Alla'c  ; 
buf,  Ml  Is.;'',  '.i  wa.  niivened  into  a  lemporal  pro« 
vollihip,  anii  annexed  to  the  bilii..i<ric  of  Spire,  on 
\»hi.  !i  a.  ('lint  th.e  bifhop  has  a  feat  and  \oicp  in  the 
diet,  ul  tl  e  (  mpire  and  circle. 

It  ii  n  •  elLry  herj  to  obl'ervc,  conrernina;  the  bi- 
llioj.nc  ot  Stralburg,  or  Stratlburg,  the  (  athedral  and 
<  haHcr  o!  which  are  in  thecity  ot  Strilburg,  in  .\lface, 
V. hic'i  i  iinJ.cr  the  dominion  of  brance ;  that,  there- 
tore,  in  rcfpect  to  that  jxirt  ot  his  diocelV,  the  billiop 
is  ("ubici  to  I'rancc;  but,  on  account  of  his  bailiwick 
on  the  o:1kt  tide  the  Rhine,  he  retains  the  title  and  llate 
t>f  a  jirii.CL  ot'tlie  (Jerman  empire,  and  hai  accordiiiglv 
a  teat  and  vouc  in  the  diets  ot  the  empire,  and  ot  this 
f  ircle.  But,  m  fpintuaN,  he  is  fubjejt  to  the  .vich- 
billi.)i)  ot  M'.ni.'.. 

The  Ihlhopric  of  Hash,  is  cvtcnfivc;  but  the  I'.tua- 
tioii  I-  in  ililkrent  dominions,  as  part  tji  it  licsin  Swit- 
•/erlaiul,  and  put  in  Jiis  eiri  le.  I  he  inhabitants  are 
jaitly  of  the  Roman  Catholic,  and  partly  ot  the  Pro- 
lellant  perfualion;  and  the  Hates  conlilt  of  tin-  clergy 
and  nobili'v,  uith  the  towns  and  baili\(  icks'.  The 
l)i!l,'p,  wl  (lie  mthedral  Itandi  in  the  (  ii)- ol'Haii!,  i;a 
prini  e  ot  the  empire  ;  liming,  as  I'ikIi,  a  feat  and  \(ite 
\'.\  the  diet  ol  the  empire,  and  of  the  circle,  lie  is 
iikewif.'  -..n  a'.lv  of  the  Swils.  The  only  places  in  his 
d.nnir.Mr.  ,  uhicli  belong  to  this  circle,  arc, 

r«elir!av,  and  abbey,  whole  nbbot  is  mitred;  Scchof, 
um'cr  ihr  piotciion  of  the  C  anton  of  Bern  ,  St.  Lnlit/.. 
on  the  l)au  i, 
on  the  Allen, 


Is  about  :^  mile,  in  length,  and  1 1  in  bieadth.  It  !iir. 
longs  to  the  circle  ot  the  Ujiper  Rhine,  and  is  divukil 
into  I  J  Imall  bailiw  u  k».  "^ome  reckon  it  a  part  of  Urtle, 
others  of  Wetteiavia  ;  and  fome  ,i)',ain  inike  it  indepcn- 
ilent  ;  becaule  its  abbot,  who  is  elcifted  by  liiars,  th.it 
mull  be  all  of  rank,  by  lO  defcenis,  i;  h^rd  cf  the 
tow  n  and  country,  and  primate  otall  the  abbots  in  (ier- 
many  and  (iaul  ;  is  a  prince  ol  the  empire  ,  lit,  at  the* 
loot  of  the  emperor's  throne  in  ;ill  general  diets ;  and  de- 
pends immcdiatelv  on  ihe  pope,  to  wl-.om  he  pays  40.; 
tlorins,  or  40!.  on  lus  inllallatitni.  But  the  country  bor- 
dering on  leveral  I'rotellant  itatcs,  as  .Saxe-(iotha,  Sn. . 
as  well  a^  1  letret'alill,  theie  aie  feveral  heie  ot  that 
religion.  Th.e  abbot  i>,  morcmer,  perpetual  ch.iiiceU 
lor  to  the  impiels,  and  puts  the  crown  upon  her  heavl 
at  her  coronation.  The  revem.e  of  this  country  is  be- 
twixt 20  and  p,oool.  a  year.  The  abbot  is  able  to 
raife  4  or  5OJ.3  men.  His  ihapter  coiitills  of  eight 
provofts.  fie  has  al'  thetcui  gre.it  olliceis,  lich  Ci]ifi- 
pagcs  and  liveiy,  and  a  inagniliceiil  houfliold  ;  atiij 
there  is  alw.iy.s  a  companv  of  horle  guaid>,  and  a  regi- 
ment of  Ibot-guarJs,  well  cloathed  and  luo  .nted,  to  at- 
tend him. 

Fuld.i,  which  is  the  c-apital  of  the  count),  flan.]-; 
on  a  riv^r  of  the  fame  name.  It  is  contiguous  to  the 
abbe\ ,  which  n  of  the  Bciu'ilictine  older,  and  one  of 
the  iiolilell  in  all  I'.urope.  It  was  f)uiided,  anno-44,  by 
St.  Bunilace,  anil  endowed  withgreat  privilegcv  In  feve- 
ral emperors,  l  he  great  church, dedicated  to  ihat  lainr, 
is  .1  llately  tin:-lb)ne  pile  of  ancient  architecture.  The 
monks  have  two  M>>>.  one  ot  the  Ni  w  Tcllament 
Kimplete,  and  the  four  I".\a;igelill->  dillmct  j  all  laid  to 
be  written  by  St.  Bonilace,  in  a  character  much  ditfer- 
cnt  fromany  now  in  ufe.  It  is  an  open  town,  b:  r  dirty, 
and  not  \ery  well  built.  Ihe  palace  is  a  llately  pi'eot' 
tree-Hoiie,  with  apaitments  rii  hh  t'urniflicd,  a.id,  to- 
gether w  ith  the  abbey,  may  be  reckoned  among  the  no- 
blell  buildings  in  (iermany.  A  tiavellcr  ot  rank  la}s, 
he  W'a>  glad  when  he  got  out  of  thi-.  country,  becaule 
here  he  met  with  \ery  haid  drinkers,  bad  roads,  and 
difmal  lodging.  It  was  tiirmcrl}  a  free  .md  imperial 
city,  till  It  became  fubje^i;  to  the    '.ibot. 

I  lire  l-.!e!d,  on  the  lame  riser,  .!o  m;!e,  n.irth  from 
Fiilda,  anki  (O  louth-eait  of  Calfel,  is  a  Imill  but  neat 
city,  noied  tor  another  al)bey,  winch  is  of, is  noble  a 
Ihiii  •..are  a-,  any  in  the  empire,  being  built  upon  an  arch 
fupported  by  16  pillars,  of  one  entire  lloi.e  each,  k 
wa>  f  lunded  by  IVpin  ;  endowed  by  Cliarlcs  tlie  (ireat  ; 
and  one  of  its  liril  abbots  was  .\lcuinu.-',  or  Albinus, 
his  prueptor,  who  lies  bui  led  in  it.  Since  i6c-(),  when 
its  lalt  iibbot  died,  the  leviiuies  have  been  kept  bv  a 
branch  <f  the  famil\  of  I  lell'e,  as  adiiiiMillr.iior,  and  it 
was  leciilari/.ed  by  the  treaty  ot  Munllcr.  Its  dilUict, 
which  has  the  title  of  a  priiu  ipality,  is  about  1  ;  miits 
long,  and  the  fame  in  breadth,  and  li.s  on  the  ealk 
fide  of  I  lell'e,  towards  Thmingia. 

The  Mal'er'.hip  of  jsr.  John  conlirts  only  of  the 
town  of  I  lellerlheim,  and  a  tew  villages  belonging  to 
the  order  ol  St.  John.  The  (nand  Mailer  is  a  prince 
of  the  empire,  and  ha>  a  feat  and  \ote  among  the 
priiK  es  in  the  diet  of  the  empire  ;>nd  circle.  Heire- 
tliam  is  a  market-town,  and  the  reliJeiue  ol  the  (Jrand 
.\IalUr. 

Ihe  .\bbey  of  Vvvs\  is  filuateil  in  the  forcll  of 
;\  1  denies  :    was  founded,    in  the    ei:;lith    centurv,   bv 


■  v. 


wiiuii  contain;  a  [irovoi'lilnp  ;   B.iiutiut, 
I  oin-TininL^  a  bill-.op's  p.dace,  with  a  col- 
lege an.l  a  (  apui  hiu  i  loiltc-r  ;    Arlelheim,  on  the  lame 


Pepin,   king  of  the   1  ranks  ;  and,    m    1570,   incorpo- 
r.ited  with  the  aichbilhopricof'iriei> 


rucr,  1-.  llir  rclideiKe  ol  the  i_h,ii)tei 
a  iiMiik(  t-towii  on  the  Rhine 
he  tcrritoiv 


am 


1  .Scl 


leli 


ngen 


Tl 


of  the   abbe,  of  t 


called    Hlirhei,    by   the  (;irinaiis, 
caili-.l  !  agonia,  bei  aulc  it 
tui  c-  h-trees  ;  ' 


1  ieiice  thearch- 
billiops  beiime  its  admimltrators,  ami,  .is  lu.h,  base 
a  feat  and  vole  m  the  diets.  Prum,  tiom  whidi  tlic 
abbey  takes  its  nunc,  is  an  incoiiliderabie  town  0114 
fmall  rivulet. 

The  dui  he  of  .^ursNEUN   was  long  poirelfcd   hx  a 


lie  town  ol  I  I  r  Pf 
b\  till-  I ,a;ins 


collateral  branch  of  tlie  palatine  t; 


imilv 


w;m 


"g. 


wa.  am  icnrlv  a  wildernefs  ot'       lit  and  vote  in  the  college  of  priitc 


eyolvi'i 


but  that  lail- 

1  to  the  electors,  who,  0.1  that  account, 

and,  loined  wiili 


lilt  It  IS  now  imjirc 


d 


thin-. 


lich  foil,  fiuit- 


<t  nill'e,  ami  north  u!  1 1 


tlie  hilliop  A 

:1 


■)t   \Vc 


imonmg  princes  to 


r  the 


|;ariii.ul.iil>  good  wiiks.     It    lies       circle,    suinm  rn,  ilu-  principal  tow  n,  which  takes  it'i 


inau 


Re 


:-k, 


and       app''ll.itii)n  from  a  riw  I'f  the  I'.ime  name,  li  j2  miies 
t  welt 


I'llY. 

:  in  l)ic.nJ!h,  Ii  [«.•. 
lime,  ami  is  ilivulij 
Kiiiit.ipariof  Hrlll'. 
m  inikf  It  iiulcpcii- 
tc'lid  Ij)  liurs,  ili.it 
lit,,  li  K,ril  (,f  tlic 
!l  il'.f  abbots  \n  (Jcr- 

cmijirc  ,  li;,  at  thu' 
ncnil  clicts  ;  aikidc- 

wl-.om  liL-  jjavs  ^jj 
5ut  the  icuntry  bor- 
as Saxc-CJotlia,  itt. 
I'vcral  lic'ic  ct  tliat 
,  pcrj-ctual  thaiKcl- 
ou  M  i;j)on  hrr  hc.iil 
>t'  tin-,  iijuritr'.  is  be- 
lli; abbot  li  able  to 
IT  KJiUilh  ol  ciglit 

t   (^llictl  ,,    I  li.ll   Cv]!  I- 

ilU   liOufliokl  ;    a  id 

!;uaul>,  aiui  a  n'l^i- 

aiui  111.'  .ntal,  to  41- 

tlif  lount) ,   iLin.l-! 

<   lOIUl^UOlli  to  til- 

ic  oiUlt,  and  one  it 
niiivied,  anno  "44,  by 
at  priuK'gc^  b\  lc\e- 
\li.  atcd  to  ilia:  laiiu, 
It  architi-diirf.  llii.- 
the  Ntw  TcllanKiu 
.  dill  met  i  ail  faid  t() 
lai.icfcT  nnicb  liitler- 
ijirn  toun,  b;  :  cliri\ , 
ec  i^  a  llately  pi'eol 
V  ruinifiicd,  a. id,  1(1- 
koned  among  ilic  no- 
avellci  ot  rank  la}  >, 
l-iii  country,  beeaulb 
i\cr,s,  bad  roads,  .\nA 
)  a  free  and  iinpcnal 
'.ibor. 

;:o  niiies  north  from 
I,  IS  a  I'mill  but  neat 
till  li  is  ot  as  noble  a 
itg  Ijuilt  upon  anartli 
■ntiie  lloic  each.  It 
1)  Cliarle.>  tl;e  (j'reat  ; 
Ucuiiuis,  or  Albinus, 
t.  Sinic  i6c6,  when 
lave  been  kept  in  a 
adiiiiiiilliaior,  and  ic 
Vliinller.  Its  diliriv;!, 
ly,  is  about,  i :  iiiil(  > 
and  Ir.s  on  the  ealt 

conlins  only  of  the 
villages  belonging  to 
d  Mailer  is  a  priiiec 
and  vote  among  the 
e  and  cirele.  I  leire- 
•lideni-e  ot  tile  (irand 

ited  in  llie  fotill  ciT 
eighth  eentury,  liv 
,  in  1  ,"0,  incorpo- 
Kis.  1  leiue  theaicii- 
,  and,  a^  lluh,  have 
uiii,  lioin  uliich  the 
miderable  town  on  J, 

Irng  ijofleired  bv  a 
aiiuiy  ;  but  that  lail- 
ho,  0.1  that  aeeoiint, 
e\N,  and,  joined  with 
lining  princes  lor  the 
o\i  n,  w  hich  takes  it ; 
111-  name,  i,  p  miies 
welt 


ruROPi'.] 


GERMAN      F.  M  P  I  U 


uell  ol  Mem/,  ar.d  has  fcvcral  churches.  The  duchy 
tontauis,  bcIiJes  Sninncrn,  leveral  I'mall  and  inconli- 
deratile  towns. 

I'he  Utile  Duchy  of  Lautkktn,  in  the  iail  century, 
re\<Tteil  to  ihceUvtoral  houfe,  which  is  therebv  entitled 
to  a  feat  a  id  voice  in  the  iliets:  as  ilid  the  bailiwicks 
of  Liuterenand  \'eldi-ii/,  belbiwing,  at  the  fiiiie  time, 
luiulai  privileges.  V'elden/ i,  litualed  on  tin-  .MofcUc, 
and  l.auu  laiioii  the  (ilaii. 

'I'nc  Imperial  and  free  City  cf  In  ankiout  on  the 
M\ivK  was  aiicieiulv  c.illed  Irani oforili  1,  tiiat  is, 
•//'<•  /•■/)./';/  //'I  iiiiiik<  ;  foi  tile  Ir.ink,  iiled  to  crul's 
the  river  here,  111  order  to  make  tluir  iiKiirlinns  upon 
tiie  Saxons;  on  ^ihichaccouiu  the  laiter  at  length  built 
this  city  to  reihain  their  ravages.  It  is  now  called 
I  lanklort  on  the  Maine,  not  only  on  account  ot  its 
being  tituated  on  tlia'  river,  bur  to  diltinguilh  it  from 
1  r.mkf  MI  on  the  CMu.  It  is  iS  mile^  call  of  Ment/., 
ind  :o  lioiii  the  Khine.  It  is  fpacious,  populous,  and 
(ipuleiu  ;  one  of  the  Hans-Towns  ,  and  the  feat  ■■f  the 
Imperial  diet.  The  river  interfects  and  div  ides  it  into 
iwopan.s,  which  have  a  communication  by  means  of 
.111  cleg.. nt  llone  bridge,  lonlillingof  l.^a^iK•s,  with 
a  tower  at  ea^h  end  400  pa.  es  afund'.-r;  but  the  whole 
is  under  the  |iirifdictiou  ot  the  fame  niagiltrates.  I'he 
nver  IS  about  li.ilf  as  bro.iJ  as  the  Th.iiiie,  at  Lonilon. 
riu-  town  is  fa'-idiin  led  by  hmIN,  encompaliid  with 
deep  ditches  of  running  water,  and  forrided  with  11 
billions,  I'lirabI  •  I  iHinterfc  irps,  out  .corks,  c\:c.  The 
M  line,  Rhine,  iV  ■.  rentier  us  liaiatioi  aiiiiiiiab!.-  tor 
trade,  p.irticularl)  foi  bringing  i'.reat  qu.iiituies  ol  corn 
an  I  wi  ic  tiom  b'rani oni.i,  and  the  I'.ilatinate.  It  ha. 
two  annual  fairs,  winch  are  frequented  by  merchants 
wi.h  various  cummodiiies,  |)artii  iilarly  books  from 
moll  parts  of  luirope,  of  which  rhe\  diltribute  printed 
taial.Mue-,;  fo  that  there  is  greater  choice  here  th.m  in 
any  town  in  L'hi  iileiuioin,  during  tlie  mart,  which  fills 
three  vceeks;  but  at  other  limes  the  bookfeller;  have 
Icarce  any  b'.iliiuis.  There  are  three  m.iris  every  year; 
and  the  name-,  of  t'lr  foreign  nier.  hants  are  written 
over  till  ar.  h,  before  the  doors  of  their  llio[)s,  vvlm  h, 
wiien  the  m.irts  .irc  ended,  arc  ihut  ii|>.  Moll  ol  the 
ftreets  are  large,  except  tvv()  or  thtc.-,  which  are  lull 
ot  tiadeis  lliips.  Sonic  of  the  h.iufes  are  built  of  rid 
marble,  or  timber  plaillered,  an. I  jiamted  or  covered 
with  Hate;. 

On  the  11  Mill  lidc  of  tb.e  cif  t'lerc  is  a  fpacious  horfe- 
fair,  or  m.iik,.,,  vihere  a  vafi  number  of  good  horfcs 
are  fold  to  the  Irench  king,  aa.l  the  neighbouring 
princes.  The  Jews  arc  the  chiet'  lockies  The  city 
IS  round,  and  h.is  iio  fubuibs;  but  1^  iiutcli  l.irger, 
richer,  and  more  populous  than  Mem/.. 

'I'he  chief  llriutures  arc  the  following:  St.  IVirtho- 
ioiiiews's  cathedral,  which,  though  tood.irk  a  pile  with- 
in, IS  a  llateiy  venerable  piece  ot"  architecture,  built 
t)y  Pepin,  father  to  C'harletii  igne.  In  a  long  iiirrow 
part  ol  this  civil ch,  c.illed  the  conci.ive,  they  ufed  to 
chute  the  emperor.  Ic  has  a  very  iiie.in  altar  and 
benches  lor  fo  celebratcii  a  pl.ice.  1  he  other  part,  in 
which  he  was  crowned,  beiiii,' acloilUr  of  iron,  l.illened 
to  the  baliilir.ides  of  the  choir,  looks  like  a  great  bird- 
cage, having  no  ornament  but  an  orilinary  crucilix  of 
lir.ils.  A  bum  h  venter  takes  notice  of  a  ciiriolity  here 
if  another  fo:t,  the  tomi  and  vihile  iiiaible  llatiie 
(iKimliiig  in  a  niche  ol  bl.i  laible)  of  John  Charles, 
bilhoii  of  Worms,  v\lio,  ..  .le  infciipiion  liiys,  was 
ilei.cn. led  tioiu  the  buMii^  ol  frankenllein,  whtj  trace 
llieir  genealogy  t'roin  ktlicr  to  Ion,  tor  more  than  I030 
)c.\r>  baik. 

I  he  town-liiiufe,  wliere  tlr.-  cmpiior  and  cle.lors 
jneet  in  council  alier  the  election  1-,  over,  bcfules  tiie 
llirone,  has  unlv  lonie  ben' lie^,  (oveiedv.ith  gre,  n 
cloih,  jikI  foiiii-  pi;tures.  The  great  hall,  where  ihe 
Impeiial  te.ill  i-,  kept  on  the  coroiioon  iliv,  is  not 
very  regular,  though  largie.  I  he  ll.ior  1,  covered  uitli 
black  ,ind  yellow  cloth,  tlic  livery  of  ll'.e  houfe  of  .\uf- 
Cri-i.  On  the  Celling  is  painte.lihe  Hon  ol  Caiiyme.le 
liiiiied  auav  bv  Jupitcr'.s  c.iglc;  and  \j\  .\  raven  lear- 
feio.  ;'.). 


ingout  the  eyes  of  a  pcrloii  who  had  falfe.'y  .vcilcJa 


in- 


other  of  iminkr.  Hcloie  the  houfe  is  a  gre.it  fq.iare, 
viherc,  at  this  folcmnity,  an  ox  is  nialkd,'f>ulFed  witli 
veiiifon,  wilil-fowl,and  fuckmgpigi ;  and  thither  one 
of  the  dec'tots  conicin  pcrfonfora  Ihec  ofbcef,  wloch 
he  larrics  to  the  emperor ;  and,  after  he  has  dined  on 
it,  it  i.s  abandoned  to  the  fiopulace.  .Another  of  the 
electors  carr  s  hini  a  glals  of  v\inc,  which,  on  that  oc- 
calion,  runs  Irom  a  tountain  in  the  middle  ot  the  fquare. 
.•\  tliini  cariici  him  a  meafuie  of  oats  from  thence  .  and 
in  tins  fquare,  after  the  coronation,  another  diltribute* 
themeiiuls,  l\c.  llrui  k  upon  the  ocialion.  Here  is  a 
vellry,  where  the  tlctorsare  lliiit  up  during  the  elec- 
tion :  at  which  time  the  niarllial  ot  tne  empire  fland.s 
before  the  door  with  his  fword  drawn,  to  prevent  the 
princes  Iromi oniing  out  till  it  is  over. 

Uriiinlild,  which  viai  fiirmeily  the  emperor's  palace, 
is  now  the  iiianlion-houfe  of  the  Teutonic  knights, 
w  here  (lel)t()r^  hav  e  a  fan.  1  lury  for  1 4  days,  after  w  Inch 
they  may  be  t.ikeii  up. 

There  is  a  [loit,  or  hnrbotir;  and 

The  citadel  or  fortrefs  ot  .Saxenhaufen.  There  are 
alfo  feveral  noble  fountains  in  the  (it),  and  pariicularlv 
three  in  the  great  iiiarkct-pl.icc ;  and  divers  mineral 
fjiringsand  bath>  belonging  to  the  city. 

Thi.-,  city  is  govcricil  by  a  pra.-ior,  1  2  biirgomailcrs, 
14  elchevins,  or  aldermen,  one  of  which  is  always  a 
biirgomaller,  and  42  tommon-i  ouncil.  The  Icnate, 
which  (luifcs  two  biiigoiiK.lters  annually  out  of  their 
own  numbi  I,  is  diviitcd  into  three  benches;  thcfirllis 
ili.it  of  th<-  ell  hcvmsj  thr  fecond  1-  that  ot  the  liteiat,. 
or  learned,  out  ot  which  the  lirll  bench  is  fupplie.l  i'\ 
cafe  of  a  vacaiK  y  ;  and  the  third  is  that  ot  tradeliiien, 
who  never  rife  higher.  The  grand  bailitf,  who  is  al- 
ways prclideni  of  thecouncil,  is  chofe  out  oftiie  lil  he- 
viiis  J  and  his  oiiice  is  for  life,  a,  well  as  the  el'i  hevins. 
IJelides  thefe,  there  arc  fyndics,  whole  power  is  much 
limited. 

The  nia::illrat'.'sarc  riiofcn  from  among  the  no'iilitv, 
but  ii.imed  by  all  the  1  nrporations  ol  tiadefiiicn,  excip'- 
the  t.iylor.s,  hec.iuff  one  01  them  was  chiet  in  a  revi  ■ 
ag.iinit  tile  m.igillrates.  'I'he  government  here  is 
milder  than  in  moll  of  the  Imperial  towns  ;  and  their 
liberties,  which  the\  boall  of  holding  originally  from 
Ch.irlemagne,  fecm  better  t  It.iliblheil. 

Ihe  iii.iginiates,  and  moll  of  the  inhabitants,  are 
Lutherans,  and  have  live  churches,  in  cue  of  which  is 
much  painting  and  fculptiire,  an  altar  ol  black  marble, 
a  marble  pulpit,  and  le.idiiig-delk;  the  tigurc  of  our 
.Saviour,  with  aglobe.aud  acrucilix,  both  ofalaballcr, 
^c.  1  he  alt.ir-piece  is  a  repreleniation  of  our  Sa- 
viour's pallion  in  the  garden  ;  an  i  the  cieling,  andchc 
fronts  ol  the  galleries,  are  painted  with  fcripturc  hillo- 
ries.  The  Rom.m  Catholics  are  permitted  to  perform 
their  religious  duties  in  the  cathedral,  and  have  feveral 
chapel.-,,  and  two  convents ;  but  they  are  not  fiiirercd 
to  make  public  |)r;)celiijns.  'Ihe  Calvinilis  have  two 
cluirches  .iboiit  a  l.'ague  lioiii  the  citv,  one  lor  Ciermaii 
and  the  other  for  Irench  retugees ;  but  ihe  cerem.)nic< 
of  baptilin  an. I  in.irri.ige,  mult  be  perlorined  in  tlie  1 .1;- 
theran  churches.  In  the  loiincil  held  here  in  7y4,thit't: 
hundred  biihops  alliiled  anainll  the  Nclloriaii  herel'\. 
Thiscity  was  one  ol' the  tirll  that  had  Ipirit  enough  to 
demand  the  free  exercife  of  the  Lutheran  ri.iigion, 
which,  belli",  refufed  bv  their  magillrares,  1522,  tli.  . 
depofed  them,  an.l  I  ii.ii'e  others;  and,  in  I  5J0,  the 
.\iiglbiirg  conf  ■iritin  was  ellablilhed  h.cre. 

This  city  V.  ,i>  bcjcged  twice  in  15  j:,  b\-  Matiiic.-j 
elector  of  Saxonv,  am!  by  .■Vlbcrt,  margrave  or  Bran- 
denburg, wlio  look  It  ;  but  it  loon  lecovere.l  its  li- 
berty, and  has  tlouriiiied  ever  lince.  On  the  wall  ot 
tile  gieat  bridge  ot  Sixeiihaufen,  i.s  an  in.iiiV.Tcnf, 
thiHigh  imK.li  celebrateil,  piciure,  rcprefcnting  ad.'.i.l 
iiilant  befmeared  with  blood,  and  an  ir.fc:!['>ti.in  be- 
neath, denoting,  that,  on  I'.ilm  Suiuia. ,  !~-;,  a  child, 
of  two  years  and  a  half  of  av.e,  calkd  S  inoi';  wa^ 
murdered  by  the  Jews.  I'nder  ihec':i!.i  .1  jew  is  ex- 
hibited ilia   black  (  lo.'k.   with  ->.  u:'''.    I'tujiiii^'  i.-ti   .1 

^  1  t^Ji:, 


■'t 


% 

'■i 
"  51' 


m 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


1.0 


I.I 


UiU2^    |2.5 
-    IAS    IIIIIIO 


1.8 


1-25    1  1.4    1  1.6 

< 6"     

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Photographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


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<^1\  ^\ 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MSfO 

(716)  872-4503 


/. 


i/. 


fA 


=1 


'"^J? 


^ 


■^ 


A  NKW,  ROYAL  and  AUTHENTIC  .^VSTEM  of  UNTVERSAI.  GEOGRAI'HY. 


\\<  i'  '  i 


.770 

lio:^,  ^^lIll  lii'!  t.KC  tinvarils  its  tail,  which  he  hnlJs  in 
Iiishaiul  iiillcui  pt'abritllc.  A  numerous  tij:iic  tbllowo, 
ami  lj>i;s  in  iiisl.uc"  ;  and  a  uwU  ol  uonu'ii  atul  licnils 
fiinoumls  him,  iiifullin^  lioth  him  aiul  liiMoiuiwiiion, 
wiiom  another  liiiui  larrics  on  his  ihouiiicrj.  llic 
jioiHil.uc  lirmiy  liclic\cihis  Ihiry  ,  yet  it  is  well  known 
to  the  Irarni-.l,  and  more  iVnlilile  part  otthf  iiihal^  'aiits 
ot  I'rankt'ort,  to  he  an  ahfohiic  liclion,  ddigncd  nicre- 
Iv  to  jircnulicc  the  people  agamll  the  Jews.  i'liis 
l"ci!b  have  a  (Vnaj^ogue  here  ;  but  the  walls  are  as  black 
and  fnioakv  as  thole  ot"  a  kitchen  j  and  ihcy  are  con- 
lined  all  nij;ht  to  their  p.;rticular  qiiaricv,  which  is  in 
a  rtrcet  about  a  mile  in  lenjiith,  but  very  narrow  and 
dirtv,  with  a  gate  at  each  entlof  it,  that  is  lluit  every 
cvenmu,  and  the  keys  carried  to  the  magillrates. 
Their  hoiifes  arc  generally  ot  timber,  plalkred,  and 
four,  live,  or  fix  lh>ries  high,  but  as  nallv  as  a  hog- 
(lye  :  vet,  in  this  little  iitiarter,  it  is  laid,  there  are  { 
or  4000  fouls.  llxir  chief  trade  is  bii\  ing  and  felling 
old  wares,  hawking  toys  at  the  inns, and  changing  fuch 
money  as  is  not  iiirrent  here ;  but  none  of  this  can 
thev  do  on  Saturday,  which  is  their  fabbath  ;  nor  on 
Sundav,  which  is  oius  ;  for  if  the\  were  to  appear  in 
the  Iheets  upon  the  latter,  the\  would  certainly  be 
pehed  b\  the  mob;  10  much  are  thev  h.ited  by  the 
Cierman  popul.>ce  ;  who,  in  i^>i4,  rofe  againlt  tlieir 
anceltors,  anti  pillaged  thiin  rru-lly  u|«)n  this  account. 
'J'lu"  citizens  of  Iranklort  quarrelled  with  their  ma- 
giltr.Ues  to  fuch  a  degree,  that  the  mob  befet  the  an- 
cient lenuors  in  the  council-chamber  tor  four  ilays 
to.;etlier,  and  thereby  tbrctd  them  to(]uit  the  place, 
as  well  as  their  olfices  ;  and  they  could  not  be  rcllored, 
no'.wi'.hUanding  two  mandates  came  from  the  emperor 
to  that  piirpofe.  Diin.yg  this,  on  St.  I5ardiolomew  's 
tlay,  a  great  ny.rh  vented  tl'.eir  fury  alio  on  tne  Jews, 
who  baniiadoed  the  gates  (f  their  llreet,  made  the 
belV  defence  thiy  could,  and  killeii  ami  wnuiuUil  tome 
ot"  the  ring-leaders.  This  lo  cxafpcrated  the  rcll,  that 
thev  broke  upon  their  quarter,  and  torced  them  to 
then  biirying-jiiace,  and  to  ab.uidon  all  that  they  could 
iv>t  I  arry  thither  to  the  ravage  of  the  plunderers. 
'I  he\  were,  houcvti,  llopt  in  their  riot  early  next 
inonnng,  by  the  ma;ority  of  the  <  iti/ens,  foot  and 
I'.orfe,  well  armetl,  who  fei/eil  the  plunderers,  fecured 
ll'ic  tiVicts  they  had  taken  tioin  the  right  owners,  and 
fo  pur  an  end  to  the  infurreaif.n.  The  Jews,  howcer, 
will)  had  intrenched  themldves  in  their  burial-pl.ice, 
ie.vr;ng  the  populace  might  rife  again,  and  force  them 
out  ol  u,  begged  and  obraineil  leave  to  retire  out  ol 
town,  with  their  families,:  d  fuch  effects  as  were  laved 
or  recovered  from  the  plundeiers. 

'Ihis  fatal  day  they  alteruaids  called  the  Day  of 
ihcir  Triliulation,  as  they  hail  called  then  quarter  Lit- 
tle Jerulalem,  and,  it  is  oblerved,  that  the  dav  t!iev 
were  obliged  to  tlv  from  I'ranktbri  wa.s  a  fokiiui  fall, 
\»hich  they  had  been  ul'ed  to  keep  in  iik  inory  of  the 
delhiielion  of  the  ancient  Jerulalem  b)  Nebuchadne/.- 
•/ar,  and  by  Titus  \efpalian.  Mean  time  the  remains 
of  thefe  poor  Ifraclitcs,  at  lianklort,  are  obliged, 
under  fevere  penalties,  to  fetch  water,  when  any  lire 
bleaks  out  in  the  city,  be  it  ever  to  dillant  froni  their 
quarter.  In  recompcnce,  the  magiUracy  jierniit^  Lheni 
tiichufe  1:  I'.nlges,  oat  of  their  own  b,)dy,  to  ilecide 
their  own  dilferences,  who  are  cillcvi  bawmeelleis  ;  and 
thiife  wl  o  uid  ni.t  fubmit  to  their  decitions,  are  allowed 
to  appial  to  the  Lutheran  tribun.ils.  They  are  obliged 
to  wear  a  i)iece  of  yellow  cloth,  that  they  may  be 
Jviiown  tiom  the  other  inhabitants:  though  their  habit 
is  very  dillinguilliiiig;  for  thcnien  generallvwearcoarfe 
thread-bare  cloak  ,,tl,ii-brimnud  hats,  old  greaf)  nitlles, 
and  thick  pointed  beards.  I  he  women  we.ir  over  their 
clothes  ihortcloaki  nl  black  1  rape,  biniml  abcut  their 
recks  byclafp.otgilt  copper  .and  round  their  liioulders 
a  Ip  11  kliiig  border  of  tmfel,  a  loot  m  breadth.  As  tor 
their  lic.id-drcl,,  it  i.s  onl\- a  conrl'e  .uappei,  ending  at 
their  forehead  in  two  large  horns,  about  lour  lingers 
liioid,  one  of  which  is  covered  w  uh  black  gau/e,  and 
ll.e  I  :li.r  with  a  bit  of  hnMulved  blue.  1  he  J.  w  ilhgirls 


aredillinguilhed  from  the  married  women  be  their  head- 
drets,  which  is  nothing  buta  [lieceof  red  talfeta  bordered 
\yithagoldgau/.e,  with  which  their  hair  is  iiatheredand 
tied.  .'\  great  nuiober  of  the  JewcHes  here  wear  ear- 
rings, which  reprelent  the  t"igns  i,f  their  houlcs  or 
Ihops,  betheycat.ilog,  or  any  other  animal.  \]\  their 
lynagogue  they  have  their  hot  and  cold  baths.'  Ihc 
former  are  in  t«o  little  rooms,  where  there  are  caul- 
ilronsto  heat  the  water.  The  cold  are  in  a  fubterra- 
neous  pl.ace,  ;jo  feet  decj),  furroundcd  by  an  iron  rail, 
where  the  women  peep  o\er,  to  fee  that  ilie  who  bathei 
plunges  overhead  and  ears  into  the  water,  acconiingto 
their  oKl  law,  which  oiilains,  that  every  hair  be  pun - 
lieil.  'Lhere  is  aplace  with  ovens,  for  baking  thei: 
vutuals  on  their  fabbath-day,  to  which  each  l.:niil\ 
carries  their  pot,  or  pan,  on  the  eve,  and  it  is  taken 
home  next  day,  when  the  fervicc  is  over.  Their  tim- 
ber houfes  being  fo  dole,  and  apt  to  catch  tire,  their 
quarter  has  been  twice  burnt  down. 

At  fcveral  houfes  in  1  lankfbrt  there  are  pine-trees 
planted  by  the  doors,  denoting  they  are  taverns  ;  and 
cvphcrs  painted  on  the  door-potls,  marking  the  dit- 
terent  prices  of' the  wines. 

Saxenluulen  formerly  belonged  to  the  eleclor  ot 
Merit/,  but  was  bartered  for  the  townof  11, )chll,  which 
depended  on  I'ranktort ;  and  fmcc  ihiscliangc  one  of 
the  cuy  coirncil  mull  relide  at  Saxeiih.uifen. 

As  to  the  three  originals  of  the  famous  (JoKlen  Hull 
of  which  two  aicpielerved  at  I'r.igue  and  Nuremberg, 
the  thml  is  kept  in  an  apartment  of  the  town-houle 
otlrankfoit;  but  is  never  the wn  to  th angers,  except 
in  pretence  of  two  of  the  council,  and  the  fecretary. 
It  isafmall  manufcript,  in  quarto,  conlilling  of  42 
leaves  of  paicliment,  with  a  gold  feal  of  j  inches  dia- 
meter, weighing  20  du.;ats,  appendeil  to  it  by  a  cord 
of  ullow  lilk.  Jt  is  written  in  Latin  and  (iothic  cha- 
racters, without  dii)hthongs  ;  and  kept  in  a  bhick-bcut, 
together  with  two  wiittcn  copies  of  a  tranllation  of  in 
into  the  Cierman  language.  This  Bull,  which  they 
likewife  call  the  Caroline  Law,  contains  the  rules  and 
ceremonies  to  be  oblerved  in  the  choice  ot  the  em- 
peror; fettles  the  power  and  authority  ot  all  ranks  of 
the  nobility  ;  and  lo  binds  the  emperor  and  ihe  princes 
to  one  another  bv  (,ath,  that  neitt  i.r  ma),  with  im- 
punity, inlligate  or  atumptany  thing  to  the  detriment 
or  d.inger  of  the  eomiuonwealth,  tf.e  country,  the 
empire,  or  its  neighhour.s ;  and,  among!!  other  con- 
ditioiu  for  which  the  author  of  it  is  et'pecially  com-- 
mended,  it  decrees,  "  That  whofoever  hcieafter  had 
a  view  to  the  liiiperialdignity,t1u)uld  be  well  acijuainteil 
with  the  langu.iges,  particulaily  the  Latin,  Italian, 
liench,  Tutcan  and  Ciemian  ;  that,  when  he  was  em- 
peior,  I'.e  might  be  able  to  ant'«er  his  fubiects  in  the  le- 
veral  l.uiguages,  w  iihuut  an  interpreter." 

An  iiiL'.enioiis  w  1  iter  thus  eharacteri/es  this  famoiu 
city,  aiivl  the  inh.ibitaiits  of  it."  I'heri'  are,  j  la\s  he)  lew 
places,  upon  the  v\hole,  more  dilagieeable,  aiul  lew 
towns  in  (iermany  where  the  common  jieople  .tic  mor.- 
iinpolillicd.  I  he  burghers  are  not  to  be  matched  i  >i 
atlecfation.  As  moll  ot  the  eleclors  and  princes  of  the 
empire  ha\c  iheii  agents  here,  to  whom  they  give  the 
title  ol  lelidents,  they  are  for  the  greaiell  pan,  mer- 
chants of  this  t  It) ,  w  ho  lolieit  the  title,  in  order  to  be 
exempt  from  the  authority  ol  the  feiiaie,  and  Irom  the 
payment  of  the  ciillonis,  and  to  qualUV  ihemlelvesto 
pl.ue  over  their  doors  the  arms  of  ihe  princes  to  whom 
I   ihey  lend  th.e  ne«  Ipapers." 

1       While  the  empire  wa.  in  the  hands  of  the   Irench 
I  the  princes  weie  all   obliged  to  appear  in  perlbn,  un- 
lets they  wereexcuted  by  the  emperor  anil   electors  , 
but  now    moll     d   ihem   lend  llieir  deputies  to   lave 
'   charges,  w  huh  nun  b  retards   their  proceedings  j    be- 
I   caule  then  deputies  are  often  obliged  lo  feiul  lor   their 
I   intlrm  lions.      To  Inch    abbots    and   bifl'ops   who  arc 
I   not  di|>uties,  the  emperor  dues  rioi  write,  but  only  to 
"'   their    director.,     that    they    may    give    them    notice. 
i  '1  hough,  time  Maxrmilian's  time,  manyof  ihe  princes 
have  loibornc  to  lend  deputies,  >ct   thev  a'c  as  much 
1  ol'jiijed 


i.L'ROpr. 

obliged  to 
did.     Soiiii 
emperor   in 
rei]Uiri     ihc 
who  do  not 
Ifnt'arics. 
that  of  thci 
notice  to  thi 
ihe  elector 
according  t' 
they  beg  au- 
him  lor  calH 
the  goi  tl  of 
feiidoihvei';, 
Mcniy. ;  bu' 
crer.w.rs    \  ! 
piitus    ot   t, 
niarlhal  of  1 
the  empeioi 
lie  has  10  [IV 
but  all  alien 
his    robes  ti 
flep.     The 
In   1  '.M)  lte|i 
railed  fo  lii 
thing  the)  d 
are  put  up  t 
thev  are  ret 
of  the  Ihue 
and  till    h\ 

pi'f.'ls     lldll 

till'-,  the  i 
nv.!,  w  hen 
<lay  t>r  nice 
a:n  ther,  wh 
tc  the  enipe 
a  l.iw  ur  •  o' 
ili\i.U\i  uv, 
tiil.ir. 

■Ibc  ai'  ; 
guild},  thiui 
«\cleliallica 
traorduiarv 
order  does 
lormeriv  evi 
W'ellphalia, 
Letwe.-n  th 
the  eccle'.ial 
votes  ;  tor  t 
allowed  iinf 
tf.cir  votes 
ol  ihe  bi  ncl 
l-ranconia  .1 
nre  alto  all 
deputies  of 
ol  member 
Is  held,  lit  .11 
ol  the  voice 
to  them,  ai 
ami  .S(iirc ; 
circle  of  ill 
All  the  voti 
rxi  ced  ;  sO, 
The  emp 
and  the  ( h; 
llare^,  with 
nicoiding  u 
Treves  tits  ,1 
I'leoioral  col 
I'alaiine,  a 
tluiie  ol'  M 
the  left.  11 
on  ti.e  right 
on  the  li  (t. 
ol  the  Uhir 
piities  of  t 
iiml  r  the  fi 
Ufiiaburg  1: 


i*^'^ 


:;RAi'nY. 

•  oinciiln  tlicirhcui., 
f  rciitaltftabordcrfil 
rhair  is  :;atlnr(.'dai;d 
jUcs  lure   wear  mr- 

ot  tluir  liocilts  i)r 
■r  animal.  IJy  their 
:i  ti)lii  batlis.  Tile 
licrc  thcic  arc  caul- 
1  arc  ill  a  fuhurr,!- 
daJ  by  an  iioii  lail, 
-■  that  llic  «  ho  hathci 

water,  a>:coniinir  to 
cvtry  liair  be  puri- 
i,  for    baking   thti: 

uliich  each  l'.;r.iil\ 
vc,  and  it  is  lakta 
5  over.     'J'heir  tiin- 

to  catch  lire,  tlicir 
n. 

there  arc  pine-trees 
y  are  ta\eins  ;  ami 
s,  marking  the  dit 

.1  to  the  eioolor  ot 
"uot'llochll,  which 
this  ilianj;c  one  ot" 
■nh.uireii. 

famous  (jnldcn  Bull 
uc  and  Nuremberj;^, 
of  the  town-hoLifc 
to  Ihaiigtrs,  except 
1,  and  the  fecrctary. 
to,  confiHiii"^  of  42 
feai  of  ]  inches  dia- 
ideii  to  it  by  a  corel 
um  and  (iothic  cha- 
kcpt  in  a  black-bux, 
f  a  tranllation  of  in 
s  IJull,  which  thev 
iiains  i!ie  rules  and 
-•  choice  ot  the  cm- 
)rity  ot  all  ranks  of 
lerorand  the  princes 
K(.T  ma),  with  lin- 
ing to  the  detriment 
h,  tlie  country,  the 
amoiigll  other  con- 
t  is  elpecially  com- 
"oever  hc;e.ificr  had 
d  be  well  aciiuainteil 
the  Latin,  Italian, 
t,  w h.cn  he  was  cm- 
lis  fub|i'Cts  in  the  fe- 
eler." 

:teri/.cs  this  fainoiu 
ere  are,  ;  la\.s  he)  lew 
fagiceablc,  and  k  w 
lion  people  arc  luoie 
It  to  be  matched  f  ii 
IS  and  princes  ol  the 
, hoin  tlu>  give  the 
greatell  pait,  iiier- 
tiile,  in  order  to  be 
feiKite,  and  Irom  the 
ualifv  ihemfeKes  to 
lie  princes  to  whom 

ands  of  the  liciu'b 
ipear  in  perfon,  un- 
peror  and  electors  , 
.'ir  deputies  to  lave 
ir  proceedings ;  be- 
;ed  to  fend  lor  their 
ml  bitl'ops  \»lio  are 
It  write,  but  only  to 
give  them  notice, 
many  of  the  princes 
ct  they  ate  as  much 
oblij^ed 


I 


I-UROPF.-, 

obliged  ro  fiihinit  to  the  rcrolvcs  of  thcdiet  as  if  they 
did."  Sonii  limes,  in  cafes  of  great  importance,  the 
emperor  not  only  fends  letters,  but  ambalHidors,  to 
iCijuirc  their  prdence  ;  and,  in  urgent  aflairs,  thofe 
vho  do  not  n-nd,  make  their  amballiidors  i)lenipo- 
teni'ancs.  .All  tlie  princes  bear  their  on  n  charge,  or 
thai  of  their  deputies.  When  they  arrive,  they  give 
notice  to  the  hereditary  niarlhal  of  the  empire,  under 
ihe  elector  ol  Saxony,  who  alllgns  them  apartments 
according;  I"  their  quality.  If  the  emperor  be  prellnt, 
thev  |iei;'aiuii(nce  of  him,  flievv  their  fiiinmons,  thank 
him  lor  calling  ilic  diet,  and  p'-oiiiifc  concurrence  for 
the  u,o'  ii  of  the  empire.  If  he  be  abfent,  the  [jrinces 
feiuloiH.cis,  10  notify  their  arrival  to  the  director  of 
Men!/.;  but  it  they  are  deputies,  they  fend  their  fe- 
(ni.ii;rs  \.  irli  ih.eir  lull  powers,  as  do  alfo  the  de- 
putu-i  oi  il  c  towns.  When  they  arc  all  come,  the 
nuull:alof  thi-  empire  acipiaints  them  when  and  where 
the  emperor,  or  his  cnmmiffary,  is  to  tell  them  what 
he  has  10  i.ropofe.  I'here  is  no  upper  and  lower  houfe, 
Iv.it  all  aU'enible  in  one  room.  The  emperor  goes  in 
his  robes  to  the  throne,  which  he  afcends  by  three 
(hp  .  'I'hcekvtors  tit  on  a  bench,  which  they  afcend 
ii\  I  wo  Heps  ;  and  the  princes  on  other  benches,  not 
railed  l()  ingh.  If  the  emperor  is  preCent,  the  firlt 
tliinir  the;,  do  is  to  attend  him  to  church,  where  prayers 
are  put  iii>  t.ir  a  bletliiig  on  their  confultations.  When 
th'.v  are  returned,  the  elector  of 'Irevis,  in  the  name 
t)f  the  iKnc,  thanks  the  emperor  fur  calling  a  diet; 
and  t!-,t  fccietary  ot'  the  empire,  receiving  the  prfi- 
pof.'K  lioni  the  vice-chancellor,  reads  the-ii.  .After 
thi-,  the  ciMlegcs  rilire  to  their  feveral  apartments  ; 
a:  i,  wiuii  they  have  conlidered  them,  agree  upon  a 
<lav  t)r  meeiing  ami  imjnirring  their  thoughts  to  one 
am  tlur,  which,  when  (lalfed  into  a  nfolve,  they  fend 
to  the  emperor  ;  and,  if  approved  by  him,  it  becomes 
a  law  or 'on'.titution  ol  the  empire.  The  princes  are 
tli>.  kled  mu)  benches,  called  the  fpiritual  and  the  fe- 
ci: l.ir. 

Ibc  ar'hvliike  of  AuUria,  and  the  duke  of  Bur- 
gundv,  though  fecular  princes,  fat  formerly  on  the 
<\cteliaflicai  b/nch,  becaufe  they  were  princes  ot  ex- 
traordinary cniincme  ;  and  the  matler  of  the'lcuton:c 
order  docs  flu'  lame.  The  l.uther.m  princes  were 
formerly  I  vcliidcd  Irom  the  diet,  till,  by  the  treaty  of 
Wellphalia,  they  were  .illnweii  a  place  by  themfeKes, 
l-itv\e;n  [he  c<(  letiallical  and  leciilar  princes.  All 
liic  m  Ic'.ialtical  and  tecular  nuinbeis  have  not  equal 
v(.tcs  ;  tor  hu  h  of  borh  as  have  princeh  dignities,  are 
aliovveil  tingle  votes  ;  Ini:  thofe  who  have  not,  give 
ti-.tir  votes  by  companies,  as  the  iie[Hities  ot  the  tow  ns 
of  the  bench  of  the  Rhine,  or  ot  Suabia.  The  towns  of 
I'lanconia  and  .Suabia,  which  iiulude  thofe  ol  .Saxony, 
nre  alto  allowed  two  l-cm  lies,  and  two  votes,  '1  he 
ili-putus<if  t!ie  Imperial  tow  ns  make  up  the  thud  rank 
ot  membi  r.-.  'I'he  depuries  of  the  (  itv  where  the  diet 
IS  held,  tit  at  a  table  b)  themtehes,  ami  take  an  account 
ot  the  voices  of  the  other  delegates,  which  are  brought 
to  them,  ami  regitkred  In  tlie  two  regitters  of  blm 
and  Spire ;  the  lormcr  reprefentiiig  the  cities  in  the 
circle  of  the  Rhine,  and  the  latter  thofe  of  Suabia. 
All  the  votes  in  this  augult  allcmbly  are  faid  not  to 
exceed  ;  50. 

The  emperor's  throne  is  covered  with  i  lotii  of  gold  j 
and  the  ctiairs  and  benches  ot  the  other  princes  and 
ll.ue-,  with  cloth  ol  liber,  velvet,  fatin,  lilk,  tvc. 
nicoiding  to  their  rank  and  nuality.  'I  he  elector  ol 
Treves  tits  at  the  toot  of  the  throne,  as  director  of  the 
electoral  collci',e.  The  electors  of  Cologne,  Bohemia, 
i'alaiine,  ami  Biaiidenbiirg,  lit  on  the  right;  ami 
thofe  of  Meiit/,  S.ixony,  Bavaria,  and  Hanover,  on 
ihc  left.  I  he  eccklialhcal  primes  tit  under  the  electors 
on  ti.e  right,  and  the  Ik  ul.ir  princes  under  the  electors 
on  the  lift.  The  iie|n;tics  ot  the  tow  nn,  and  ol  ihebemh 
ot  the  Rhine,  lit  un.lir  the  ccclcti.illical  ;  and  the  de- 
puties of  the  town;,  and  tlie  bench  of  Suabia,  tit 
iind  rthe  lecular  princes.  The  deputies  of  Lubec  and 
Ofnaburg  lit   at   the  crofs  bench   btfore   the   elector 


GERMAN      F.  M  P  I  R  t. 


of  Treves ;  and  the  marflial  of  the  empire  firs  at  a 
table,  in  the  middle  of  the  hall,  before  the  ciofs  bench. 
The  directoral  table,  with  the  ollicers  attending  it,  is 
on  one  li'ie,  before  the  fecular  princes.  Thoi'e  princes 
only  have  a  right  to  lit  in  the  college  of  princes,  ami 
to  have  a  dclitierative  and  decitivc  voice,  who  contri- 
bute to  the  fujiport  of  the  emjiirc,  according  to  tht 
Matricula.  The  directors  of  this  college  are  the  aich- 
hiflKjpof  Saltzburg,  and  the  archduke  of  Aullria,  who 
prcfidc  alternately,  as  trclli  matters  come  upon  the 
tapis.  The  votes  of  the  fecular  and  eccleliallical  bene  h, 
which  arc  taken  alternately,  are  collected  by  the  mar- 
llial  i  alter  which,  the  archbilliop  of  .Saltzbuii,',  and 
the  archduke,  draw  the  refulr,  and  report  it  to  the  diet. 
Such  princes  as  polfcfs  feveral  dominions,  have  a  vote 
tor  each.  The  magilhates  of  the  city  w  heie  the  diet  is 
held,  are  directors  of  the  college  of  the  towns.  The 
abbetres,  who  arc  princclles,  fend  deputies. 

Though  the  point  of  precedency, amongihe electors, 
has  been  long  lince  fettled  by  the  Golden  Bull,  yet  the 
other  princes,  and  the  rcprcfeiuarivesof  the  cities,  have 
not  agreed  on  the  matter  to  this  day;  inlonuich,  that 
it  occalions  perpetual  cjuarrels  :  and  the  diet  woiiKl 
fometimcs  break  up  in  contulion,  if  fome  of  them  did 
not,  for  peace  fake,  \  leld  to  the  rell  ;  entering  a  [srotelf 
only,  that  liich  an  mHance  lliould  not  be  made  a  pre- 
cedent. One  fourth  c)f  a  feHlon  is  faid  to  be  ge. 
nerally  fpent  in  difputes  on  this  fubjcd  ;  a  fecond  iti 
drinking  matches  ;  a  third  in  difputes  with  the  empe- 
ror aboiit  tiieir  privileges  ;  and  fcarcc  a  fourth  upon  the 
bulinefs  [iropoled  to  them  from  the  throne;  the  em- 
peror alone  having  the  power  of  propofing  what  is  to 
be  dcbatid  in  the  diet. 

'1  here  is  another  alFcmbly  of  the  empire,  called  the 
allembly  of  deputations  ;  where  the  deputies,  chofen 
lor  that  purpolc,  detuniine  things  that  have  been  re- 
ferred to  them  b\  a  diet  ;  or  when  theelect'ir  ofMent/, 
in  the  emperor's  name,  fummons  the  deputies,  at  the 
requel^  of  tlie  directors  or  captains  of  one  or  more 
circles,  to  take  orders  about  their  allairs,  or  to  fettle 
controvcilial  jioints,  v\hich  they  are  not  able  to  decide 
thtmfelves. 

'I'he  f.oidlliip  of  Or/.Biuci;  belongs  to  the  WalJ 
bott-Balienheim  family;  that  of  Dochltul  belongs  t 
the  family  of  Oettingen-Baldern,  and  gives  the  pro- 
jirietor  a  feat  a^id  voice  in  tlie  diet  of  tlie  circle  :  the 
l.ordlliip  of  Brit/.,  nheim,  c  n  the  banks  of  the  Nahe, 
belongs  to  the  elector  of  Cologne,  who,  in  confe- 
qucnceof  polleliing  it,  enjoys  a  teat  and  voice  at  the 
diet  of  t'-.e  circ  le  ;  and  the  counts  of  Wurtembiirg, 
lor  the  little  county  of  the  fame  name,  have  a  feat  am) 
vote  in  the  diets  of  the  U(iper  Rhine,  and  in  thofe  ol 
the  empire. 

The  Imperial  city  of  Wrr/i.AR,  orWtsTi.AR,  on 
the  borders  ot  the  county  of  Solms,  has  nothing  in  :t 
worth  notice,  b'.it  the  great  church.  However,' it  is, 
at  prcfcnt,  the  feat  of  the  Imperial  chamber,  which  was 
removed  hither  from  Spire  in  the  year  i6S^«,  wlieiv 
that  city  was  taken  and  delhoyed  b)-  the  l-'rencii.  The 
provotllhip  ot  the  tow  n  l)elongs  to  the  prince  of  I  letie- 
Darmlladt,  to  do  jullice  in  liiii  name,  it  Ihiiids  on  the 
continence  of  the  rivers  Lohn  and  Uillcn. 

the  Imperial  Cii\- of  !•  Rii;nnciu;  is  fcated  at  the 
foot  of  a  ridge  of  hills  called  Dc  Hohe,  and  cnjovs 
large  privilege-,  granted  by  the  emperor  f'rcdcrick  II. 
The  mart  now  held  at  liankfort  was  kept  here  till 
the  year  ijfo,  when  it  was  removed  thither  at  the  de- 
tire  ot  the  merchants;  and,  in  lieu  of  it,  thiscity  has 
four  annual  fairs;  one  of  which  is  held  on  the  full 
Siiiulay  alter  'I'rinity,  in  remembrance  of  the  dedica- 
tion ol  their  church  on  that  day,  which  brought  p{.\\- 
lais  thither  with  toys,  and  at  length  caufc-d  the  clla- 
blilliment  of  a  fubltantial  ira.le.  Some  of  the  empe- 
rors relided  here  loimerly,  certain  months  in  the  vear. 
I'his  town  has  fullered  by  terrible  tires,  particularly  in 
I  (H(,  when  cpo  hoiites  were  burnt;  and  in  I447, 
when  700 more  Ihared  the  fame  fate.  The  lall  lire  was 
faid  tu  bcouinj^  tcj  a  quariil  between  two  of  the  tosvnli 

men 


.    U 


-.niM 


•v. 


A  NEW,  ROYAL  and  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAPUV, 


men, 
L-ngc 


one  of  whom  fired  the  other's  houfc,  to  be  re- 
.1  on  him.  It  was  attended  with  fuch  a  lofs  to 
the'citi/ens,  that  they  were  forced  to  fell  or  mortgage 
the  villages  in  their  territory,  to  defray  the  cxpcncc  ot 
rebuilding  their  hoiifes.  I'riedburg  is  noted  for  the 
depth  of  its  cellars,  there  being,  in  Ibme  hoiifes,  two 
or  three  one  imdcr  another 


The  Duchy  ot   Dixx-I'onts  gave  title  to  it: 


dukes, 
was 


a  branch  of  the  palatine  lamily,  one  of  whom 
Charles  Guilavus,  king  of  Sweden  ;  but  it  became  cx- 
tind  in  1732,  in  the  perfon  of  (Juihivus  l.coiwld. 
Since  that  time  it  has  been  in  fequcllration  ;  tl.e  l.:nd- 
prave  of  1  lelle-Darmftadt,  and  the  abbot  el  1  ulda, 
both  Roman  Catholics,  being  adniinilhators.  The 
elector  palatine,  as  duke  of  Ne«biirg,  claiiiK-d  this 
fiiccellion,  as  does  alfo  the  prince  of  Birrkenfeldt, 
who  is  a  I'roteftant,  and  nett  claimant  to  the  ekvloial 
dignity  after  the  houfe  of  Sultzbach.  The  duchy, 
which  is  fuppofed  to  have  been  an  ncient  liif  of  the 
bilhopric  of  Mentz,  is  di\ided  into  five  bailiwicks; 
one  of  which,  called  Bifchweiler,  liei  in  Lower  Alface, 
uhere  dure  are  other  lands  belonging  to  ilie  lamily. 
It  is,  upon  the  whole,  a  mountaiiinus,  barren  country, 
but  ha^  foiiie  fertile  vallies.  It  has  two  (iiiall  rners 
that  i')in  near  the  cajiital,  from  wlunce  it  i-..i»  Us  n.iiue, 
and  run  i'outh  to  the  Saarc.  Calvinifm  w.i-  generally 
profiflid  in  this  duchy,  til!  the  Swedes  beuiinc  pof- 
jillel  .1  it,  when  Lutlieranifm  began  to  liounili,  the 
king  o:  Svcden  giving  lome  ofil;e  beft  livings  ai'd 
piefeinunts  to  the  Lutheran  clergy,  which  created 
great  animofiiies  between  the  t\M)  (ipinidiis:  hut  the 
late  k.iig  olbwcdm  dying  without  illui,  and  ilu duJiy 
devoK '.ng  on,  or  it  leal!  btiiig  claimed  h\ ,  a  I'opilh 
family,  t!ic  i'rotillant  llibjecis  liioiiglit  lit  to  unite,  led 
their  comir.oii  (.iiciia,  the  I'apills,  ibould  take  advan- 
tage of  their  quarnU. 

The  city  of  l)ciix-ri)nts,  which,  in  the  (rcrman 
language,  is  called  Zw  cybriiggen,  and,  in  the  Latin, 
Bipoiuium,  from  its  twi)  bridges  over  the  fniall  rivers 
of  Blile  and  Sih\\olb,  v  hereon  it  Hands,  is  liiiall,  but 
neat,  and  was  once  delendcil  by  a  good  callle,  linrc  de- 
molill.ed.  It  futreiid  nun  h  diring  the  civil  wars  in 
Germany  i  ar.d  alio  111  thole  between  1  raiue  and  the 
empire,  when  it  was  tak^^n  in  1676,  by  the  I  rench  ; 
but  rdiored  to  the  king  of  Sweden  hy  the  treatv  of 
Kyiwick. 

The  Landgravate  of  I  IrssE  is  fituated  on  the  north 
fide  of  the  river  Maine.  The  whole  countrv  is  hound- 
ed on  the  north  by  Wellphaln  ,  on  the  well  by  the 
duchy  of  l^crg,  ant',  electorate  of  Triers  ;  on  the  louth 
by  the  eleJorite  of  Mcin/.  and  Iranconia  ;  and  on  the 
call  by  the  duchy  of  Weimar  and  Thuringia.  Its  ut- 
riKilt  e\tent,  from  north  to  louth,  is  about  100  miles, 
ar.d  the  lame  troni  ealt  to  well. 

'i  111.  air  is  co!d,  but  healthful;  the  witcr  wholefome, 
and  the  foil  fruitful,  proilucing  much  corn  ;  and,  tr>- 
wariiS  the  banks  of  the  Rhine  and  Lohn,  grajKs.  Here 
aie  large  forells,  with  abundance  of  deer,  and  game  in 
general.  In  the  mountains  are  fome  mines  ot  copper 
And  I'  ad. 

The  houfe  of  Helle,  which   is  one  of  the  molt  an- 


The  eltatcs  of  the  landgrave  of  HelVc-Calfel  arc. 
Lower  Helle,  in  which  are  the  counties  of  I'lels,  C'al- 
fel,  and  Zigenheiin  ;  Marpuig,  in  Upper  Helle,  ami 
Erankenbuig  ;  the  |irincipaliry  of  Ilerllifeld,  a  lecula- 
ri/.ed  abbey  on  the  luMai  the  lower  county  of  ('.iize. 
nellebogen  ;  thecounty  of  Schaumbuig, except  Hi;ci<e- 
burg,  which  belongs  to  the  ct>unty  of  Lippr  -,  and 
Smalwald,  in  the  county  ot  1  lennebuig  ;  the  bail 


of  R 


ottenbii 


luu  1 


:nlnirg  anil  .\ixenhagen. 

The  landgrave  of  Helle-Uarmftadt,  who  is  little  in- 
ferior to  the  former,  either  in  dominion  or  w  calth,  pof- 
felies  ihe  greatelt  part  ot  the  upper  landgravule,  in 
vhich  there  are  Giefien,  Hi;t/.bach,  Aendorf,  liatt.  .1- 
berg,  Berg,  &c.  the  county  of  Nidda,  whicli  conlili-; 
ot  lie-veral  bailiw  icks ;  tlie  ioidlhip  of  Irt.r ;  the  up.pLi 
county  of  CatzenelKbogen,  in  which  lies  Daimtladr 
city  ;  the  land  ot  i'.pltein,  Hraubach  in  Lower  C'atzciiei- 
lebogen,  and  Kirnbach  in  Suabia.  The  fucceliion 
alfo ul  the  county  ot  Hanau  was,  in  17,(6,  upon  the 
death  of  Its  count,  awarded  to  the  prince  of  1  leile- 
Darmlladt,  as  next  heir,  on  cond.tion  of  his  I3.i>iitg  a 
llipul.ited  luhi,  b\  wayof  cohtpenlatiDn,  tothr  huule  of 
Cali'il.  The  I  miT  ot  Poland,  as  elector  ot  .Si.'.onv, 
ought  to  have  l.adhis  ihare  in  the  fucceliion  ;  but  liis 
nia]elly  gave  up  his  right.s  to  the  landgrave  oi  n,.!lU 
Caliel  l>\  a  rreatv. 

The  branch  of  Rhmfels  polHllcs  the  greatelt  par:  oi' 
thelower  ( Dunty  ofCat/cnelleboge:!,  vi/..  Rhii.tel,  .'^i. 
(ioar,  tort  Cat/,  Schwalbadi,  and  tievernh  ufe-a  ;  the 
bailiwicks  of  Ric!;en!>iir;:,  llorenli.in,  and  Bni  ;  Roi- 
tenburg,  and  its  dllnctj  Wanfried,  l'.l'Jiwei;,.i,  and 
Sontra  in  Lower  \U\\'^. 

Ihe  branch  of  Hombuig  polIeHes  Honiburg  and  its 
tenitory;  Bingheinn  iwid  \\  evelingh.eii  and  1  klim- 
Itailt,  Willi  its  dependencies.  Ihe  prince  ot  i  lomburg 
has  moreover  an  .ippendage  of  about  loool.a-vear  lioiii 
Hiire-Callel,  and  joocl.  Jroin  Darmthult. 

The  branches otC'atlel  ar.d  Honiburg  are  Calvinilts ; 
the  blanch  ot  Harmltadt  Liitlicran;  and  Rhinllls  pio- 
tcHes  the  Roman  Catholic  religion,  which  is,  h(jw. 
ever,  not  tolerated  in  the  dominions  ot  the  other 
three  ivinces,  except  in  the  fniall  prim  ipalitv  oi 
Herlbteld.  In  thele  counties  are  leveral  univcrliiiis 
and  acailemii  s.  The  titii.ition  of  the  country  beiw  .\v 
Upper  a:id  Lov\er  Snxoin,  and  the  neigbourliood 
ot\Vetl|)halia,  onalions  the  language  ot  ilie  piopic 
to  be  a  mixture  of  High  and  Low  liutt  h.  'llielatt>-- 
molt  in  force  here  arc,  the  Rom.in  or  Civil,  to  whit  h 
they  join  municipal  laws  ot  their  own.  The  pii)p!e 
are  numerous  and  warlike,  being  railed  and  ilil>  i|)luud 
by  the  )ounger  fons  ot  the  nobility,  who  ar  ■  made 
lieutenants  and  captains  in  leveral  diltricls,  aiul  re- 
ceive pay  of  the  regent.  In  the  prirue  ot  Hitle- 
Catrd's  militarv  I'ervue  are  a  general,  two  linitenaiiu 
generals,  a  major-gcfieral,  a  ci^lonel  of  the  ar;iliery, 
two  commiirarics-general  of  war,  and  one  chief  pay- 
in  ;ulcr ;  two  troops  ot  lile-guanis,  one  of  whi:e,  and 
the  other  of  blaek-horfes ;  three  other  regiments  or* 
horfc,  'hrec  ot  dragoons,  and  live  ot  tool  ;  one  o(. 
which  is  guards;  belidcs  the  militia  commanded  by 
a  lieutenant-general.  The  landgrave  has  a  privv-coun- 
Ciermany,    is   liivided   into    two   principal  !|  cil,   or  court,  )or  the  game  and  t'orctts,  a  chanirrv, 

nd  co:ilillor 


cent    in 

bran,  lies,  Caliel  and  Daimlladi.  Ihe  former  com- 
prifcs  I ietle- Caliel  and  Hefie-Rhiiifels,  the  latter  I  lelie-- 
Darmlladt  and  Hclle-I  lonjburg. 

Ihe  rights  ami  prerog.itives  of  the  fovcreign  princes 
of  this  houfe  are  great,  they  having  three  votca  at  the 
diet  if  the  empire.  They  belong  to  the  <  inle  of  the 
Upper  Rhine,  but  Heirc-Lairel  has  a  voice  among  the 
louiUi  of  the  bench  of  \V'ed|>haiia,  tor  the  i  ouim of 
Sehaiiiiibuig.  Caulis,  not  exceeding  1000  florins, 
ate  determined  by  the  courts  of  the   county  ivithoiit 


(<r  fccretai-, 's  oilice;  a  tivaliiiy  and  co:ilillorv,  tor  ee- 
dcliallicai  altaiis  :  aiul  anotliei  louri,  ladid  the 
Iicnch  comimllion,  uLiting  ()articularU  to  tin-  brench 
in  his  dominions.  All  the  privy  coiint'ellorsan-  mem- 
bers ot  the  conlillon',  tovvhom  are  added  a  lii|eiin» 
tendaiu,  a  mctropoliMii,  one  of  the  court  puacher-;, 
and  I  lyiulic. 

■flu  piincipa!  places  111  the  laiulgravaieot' 1  letU.  are 
the  follow  ing  ; 

Cadel,  the  cajiital   city  ot  the  Lower  Hefli,  titiiited 


ippeal.    '!  hefe  i)rinces  have  leveral  privileges  in  com-  i!   in  a  rich  plealaiii  iiluin  on  the  river  lulda,  near  thecon 


mon,  luch  as  the  right  of  protection  and  Imperial  prc- 
♦e^'ture  of  the  city  ot  Wet/.iar,  which  is  at  prefent  ex- 
crcifi'd  by  Darmlladt  alone.  The  princes  ot  I  ktle- 
Cilli'l  arc  not  deemed  of  age  till  they  are  25  ;  but  thole 
pi  Dirmll.uJi  arc  at  it#. 


fines  of  ihe  duchy  ot  Bninlwic,  40  miles  forth  ealt 
tiom  Paderboin,  anil  >)X  north-ealt  fioni  Menf.'.,  n  a 
place  of  good  trade  lor  woo!  and  other  merchandize  ; 
and  tbrtilicd  to  the  well  with  walls,  ditches  and  a 
llrontjciudel.     it  h  the  fut  cf  the  landjjravc,  w  I  ole 

palav<: 


311.1     .1 
.lo.;  . 
tie.    I.. 

II 
i     .he   I 
lhr;u  . 
VVi.  k,    ol 
d  1"   . 

/.leijt : 
l.uul;;ia\ 
a  c  Hiiitv, 
l)V   I  .ew 
111  154.,'. 
dlfln't... 
'viiu',  u  I' 
in  l.'.voi.i 
loy.d  It 

(i   Vl' 
ol  .1  d' 

|-.:>;;.' 
1  liili  \.\ 
and  tebii 
river  Wi 
loniinoii 
WeM 

It  IS  mil 

1  llUIUlg 


riiY. 

HdVc-C.iird  nro 
cs  ot  I'ltis,  Cil- 
Jppcr  I  kill.-,  ;iiul 
rllitclci,  a  faiil.u 
I'ouiuy  ot  C'.ii/A-. 
ig, except  Inickc- 
ot  Lippe  ;  and 
■^  i  tlic  bailiwii  ki 

:,  who  is  littli'  in. 
ion  or  \vc.iltli,pi)i"- 
laiulf^raviic,  in 
Acniiort,  liatti  .1- 
.1,  which  conliiis 
Itt.r ;  the  iij-.tv.! 
h  lies  Diiiinll.uir 
1  Lower  C'.it/.ciKi- 
Thc  hkceliion 
I  ~  \(>,  upon  the 
prince  of  1  leile- 
n  of  his  p.n  iiijT  a 
on,  to  thr  lioule  of 
lector    ol    ^.'.'.oin, 

ICCvliion  ;    but     lu^ 

!ra\c  oi  Hcitl- 

he  grearcU  p.irt  of 
.  v'l/..   Uhii.lci,  Si. 

iCveiUi'i    jll-.l  ;    tl'.l. 

n,  and  lir  ki  ;  Kot- 
1,    I'.lllittei;  ,1,  and 

>  Honihiiri;  anil  its 
nj;h.cn  and  1  Ichiii- 
)riiKe  ot  i  loiiihuij.^ 

loool.  a-veai  lioiii 

(hidt. 
lurg  are  Calvinilh  ; 
uui  Riiiiilv  lb  pro- 
[i,  which  is,  hou- 
lions  ot  the  otiier 
,ill  principality  oi 
leveral  imi^erlitics 
ic  country  hciw  .\fc 

the  nei^l)ourluiod 
laj^e  ot    llie   pioplc 

l3uii  h.     'Ihc  law'.- 

or  Civil,  to  whh  h 
own.  The  piofjic 
il'cJ  and  dil>  i|iliiud 
ty,  who  ar.'  made 
1  didricis,  and  le- 
.'  prince  ot  1  lill'e. 
al,  two  liciitcnani- 
lei  of  the  aniliery, 
md  oiu"  chief  pay- 
,  one  of  whi:e,  and 
:)tlier  tegimen'.s  or' 
vc  ot  toot  ;  one  ol. 
tia  coiunianded  hy 
c  has  a  [)ri\v-coiin-, 
orclts;  a  cliancery, 
\  ( (vitillorv ,  lor  ec- 
coun,  i.i'hd  the 
Lilarh  to  tlic  I'iciuh 
iiinlellois  ar.'  iiieni- 
re  added  a  lii|  enii- 
le  court   puachcr-, 

^rava'eof  1  Iclic  arc 

)wer  Hide,  litii  ited 
1  iilda,  near  iliccon- 
(.0  miles  foi'th  tall 
It  fioin  Meiir/,  i<  a 
)ther  inerchandi/e  ; 
alls,  ditches  and  a 
.e  landjjravt,  w  t  ofe 
palace 


KUROl'F..] 


(.  K  R  M  A  N       F".  M  P  I  K.  K. 


p.ihcc  llands  wiihoii:  the  town,  furroiindL-d  by  biil- 
waiV  ,  w-.th  apartments  contrived  in  the  very  ramparts, 
to  I  >d.;e  !iis  I'amilv  durinii;  a  liege,  out  ot  the  reach  ol 
bdiuh-.  The  pala.e  is  of  Ire.'llone,  magiufKeiii, 
both  within  and  wit'ioiit,  and  a;iv)rneil  with  ciiriou'^ 
gard.nsa'ul  toiint.iin-.  Ii  is  o'tlervedasa  rcpr  nii  h 
to  till  inh.ibitants,  that  torvva'.i  of  inil'ilh\-,  they  fuf- 
Ici  otlier  nation-  to  run  awav  with  the  |irolit  ot  manu- 
facturing their  wool.  'I'heieisa  i;ym!ialiiim,  or  aca- 
demy, here,  which  has  Ixen  muJi  eclipfed  by  the  uni- 
verlity  of  Marpurn.  Here  is  a  great  arfenai  ot  fiee- 
flone,  with  arms  (or  i  ^.o:"©  men  ;  and  in  the  room  un- 
der it  are  1-0  pieces  of  caninin,  j.imc  64  plunder-. 
Irom  the  ]ialate  there  is  a  prolpcct  ol  no  lets  than  do 
towns,  the  ieaft  o.  which  contains  ^00  hoiifes.  The 
llicets  of  this  ci;y  are  i'paeious,  lull  of  Ihnps,  and 
contain  tirveral  tine  maikcts,  with  piod  provilions  ol 
all  tiirts.  Tiie  landgrave  has  a  lihraiy  well  lurnilhed 
with  bo-'ks  and  curioiiiic.  In  the  great  church  are 
the  monunKnt^of  the  landgraves  in  brals,  cop|K'r, 
and  marble,  of  very  good  workn;  inHvp.  Tliecal'ie- 
t!:al,  dcdu  e.tcd  I')  St.  Maitiii,  i^vcry  Ipacious.  There 
arc  tour  >.iher  clinrches,  wliiih  havi'  two  minillers 
eadi,  belides  the  loKJiers  thurih,  which  has  hut  one. 
There  is  a  church  likewife  in  the  palace,  tnr  the  wor- 
lliip  of  the  c.iuri.  A  line  llone  bridjie  over  the  river 
divides  ih.-  lily  into  two  parts,  ot  which  that  called 
tlie  New  Town  is  well  built,  with  unilonn  houles;  and 
(he  ihc^ls  are  jirettv  even  and  Ipaeiou^.  The  laud- 
grave,  the  founder  "f  it,  has  alio  made  oue  of  the  lii.^ll 
aiju.  duels  in  tlv  whule  couiilry. 

Welter  tormerJv  (ontaiiKil  an  abbey,  the  revenues 
o; Which  were  allottetl  by  I'hilip  the  Magaaiumoir, 
to  portion  eait   the  daughters  ot  ancient  nobi'-  lamilies. 

l.i.uileiidorf,  in  ilie  lia'hwick  ot'  fieilmar,  is  ir.l'.a- 
biteil  chielly  in  French  relug(  .•■;. 

1  lania,  on  the  Wolira,  com. .in-.  o::e  of  t'e  tour 
higli  holpu  .K  of  Fletfe,  in  which  .\'v  p. .or  and  lick 
are  caretullv  atter,;!ed  and  m  u!iiaiii.d.  oci  ofihe  re- 
\cniiei.'    the  CillutLUi  I   'nveiit.     The    s;  veriK"'- c( 


771 
wiien    it 


L-I,, 


the  landgrave  of  1  lefTc-Rhintcl--  (incc  IJS7, 
was  taken  from  the  elector  ot  Meniz. 

Sinalcald,  at'wn  una  rivulet  of  the  fame  mnie, 
has  a  good  trade  (01  iron  ware,  manv  mines  of  ti;f 
neighb.,iirho(  il  turnilhing  the  inh.ibiiants  with  plenty 
ol  that  metal,  which  ilie)  wnrk,  and  fend  to  iortign 
p.iris.  'I'hey  alio  mike  and  temper  Heel,  from  wlieu.e 
a  village  near  it  iscilld  S;ahlburg.  This  place  was 
famous  ,'or  the  ati'embfks  of  the  I'roieftant  prin..es  in 


eicli  o:  ihrle   !r  fpials 


n  ted 


i.e  tw.)  I  unc.    ot 


era 


latv ly 


r.omi- 


Roi'emeriii:;,  a  town  o 


■  n.iMes,  al 
H  lie. 

I   the  liver   Inilda.  is  plea- 
fmtlv 'eati  il,  :iiu!  I, as  ac  ilegiate  cliurch,  wiili  adee.n 
a.iil  .to  .a:.   :  s,  w,  il  LHilow.d.     This  place  llaiuls  111  .1 
\.'l|.-v   I'l.^eiii  f.vofill.  ml'pper   Helle,   and    g^v- 
ihl    10  a  !  ■.   n.  h  it  ihe  Helhan  fainih.     It  is  dividcl 
i;u.itlie().|     ill  New  To.cr.-.     In  the  Oil  iheie  I- a 
rallle,  win-  h  was  deiivililhed  in  the  y.  .ir  lil2,   l)\  the 
li'I'd  a  '!'   ;  ''.  It  icbiiili  by  Wilhain  IN.  Iuui.':aveii! 
n  !:,  ,  w 
an.  I   .1  >  I 
dug  .  ni 
the  low  ' 
II   n 


n  i;,a.,  adorned  it  with  a  liiv  gar.len, 
h,  built  through  int  wi;:i  w'liie  m.nl'le, 
,!  0.1. iiv  at  M  'iir.i',  a  \i,ii  e  '1. 11  iiiluw 
.  t  .e  la:n    liver. 

,  a  t.nvii  wall  a  c  elle,  in  tlie  I  '■^pi'i-  F I  ij'c, 

lie  o'    l!,e    I  ;■.!.. ch    i-t   the   lamijv,   Ir.im 

l.ti!    H  If Honiiairg,  which  has   the   Iv.ili- 

whiih  ili,s  IS  the  head  lown,  fit  its  appen- 


it  iiii< 
cd.i 


I      ,iie 

the:-..e 

W|.  k, 

da-   . 

/legmhein,  on  the  river  Schwalm,  in  the  low\r 
landgra\.iie,  is  a  !;n  ill  but  iitat  ciiy,  and  gives  name  to 
a  c 'untv,  ilwiiichit  is  the  capital;  and  was  united 
l)V  I.eui  the  I'll. lie,  the  lanilejave,  to  his  domain, 
ill  1.54^.  'I  he  Uiccellioii  In  tius  ellale  was  tornierly 
dlfputeil  b>   the 

Ivin;.',  nlerr.il  to  till  diei  , a  Worms,  it  was  adjudgul 
in  lavDur  of  the  i.ii;dgia\e-  ot  FKlle,  who  have  cn- 
toy.  d  It  cvci    l.'icc. 

(i.yliii  r,  Ii  mi!e>  n.  rih  Irom  C'allel,  i  iliccapiial 
of.i  bil'vvi.k  ill  Lewer  if  lie. 

f'.iilr.veg.-,  24  miles  ti.nn  (?alf,  1,  is  .1  w.illed  tovMi, 
I  nil  b\  Oh.ules  I'.f  (ireat,  deltoyed  by  the  Hutis, 
aiulielniiit  by  F I  •nr\  II.  It  Hands  on  the  bank  ol  tlie 
river  Werra,  bv  which  wood  and  ci.ib,  the  prim  ipal 
lommoditi  s  of  ihele  parts,  arc  conveyeil  down  to  the 
Welir,  and  iVi  tu  thenc  to  the  n.aghbouring  louiities. 
li  IS  lituitid  in  the  l.ow.r  Melii',  ne.i.  ihe  cmliiies  of 
Ihuiingia;  .md  hai>  belonged,  with  its  teriitory,  to 
No.  yi. 


1530.  15.1I.  '.vvs.  and   15: 


Older  to    ni.ike   .1 


le.igue  tor  the  ilcfeiice  ot  the  Auglhurg  cont.luoii 
a'jainll  the  empeiDi  Charles  V.  and  the  I'.'pilli  princes 
ol  fiermany,  whiih  league  grew  To  power  u!,  thii  they 
torced  the  ciiiperur  toa  treai\,he!d  in  i.;i7,at  I'.ili'ne, 
by  which  Liiiheianifm  was  dtabhllKd  in  leveral  parts 
ot  the  empire. 

Mupurg,  which  (hinds  in  a  pl..ifint  ci.untry,  ontlie 
river  F.ohn,  wa^  once  a  tree  and  lm|)erial  city,  after- 
wards lu'.i|ect  to  its  own  lords,  and  is  the  chief  town 
lit  the  I'piicr  Hetie,  and  the  f.at  ot  the  (upreme  court 
o(  ludi'  ature,  10  which  a|)|ieals  are  brought  both  Irom 
Call'el  and  Dirmlladt.  li  has  a  itrongcalile  on  a  hill, 
an  I  is  utherwiie  well  fortiiud.  The  great  cliurvh  isa 
ll.iiely  I  iiilding,  aiul  ha^  many  noble  inonument-'. 
1  he  imiverlitv  here,  loiindid  ini;:6,  is  one  of  the 
mod  c  inlitlcr.ible  in  (iermanv.  I'h.e  protellbrs  are 
C.ilvinill'.  The  town  is  large  and  well  liuilt,  with  Ipa- 
cious llivets.  It  has  a  very  largel  ;uare,  adorn. d  with 
a  town-hou('e  of  lurious  arc':  it^cture.  Tlie  caille  is 
l.jvuatul  from  the  townbytl-.e  nver.  In  theuthcr 
put  is  a  ll  iteb  building,  the  Ivmie  of  the  commander 
ot  tlie  Teutonic  knights.  The  palace  of  ll.,'  land- 
grave, llands  on  a  rifing  ground,  Irom  w  lieace  there  is  a 
\  icwover  lar  i,e  plains  and  valli.s,  w.'.ti  red  with  rivulets  j 
i)eiides  liii's  anci  vinevarcb,  ol  whi.h  there  isa  fine 
p.oipe.i  al  o,  inim  its  (ree-lh>ne  bridge  over  the  river. 

Connefcid  i-  ,1  villa;'  with  a  line  white  al.ibalLr 
ro' k  luai  11;  Melfun  111  con;a:ns  a  feat  belonging  to 
liie  prince;  Irieilw.ild  contains  aiietlier  ptincelv  leat ; 
and  \ach,  on  the  Werra,  wl.ich  gives  name  to  a  bai- 
hwiik,  i-  .1  mil.  h  trviiuent'.d  ihorouglil.ue,  between 
I  .I'lpiic  ami  hransf  111  on  the  Maine. 

W'al.ik.ipp.  1  and  AILndort  b;  tli  give  name  to  f.ai- 
liwick--,  tlie  toriiier  having  fom.  cc  al-pit-,  and  the 
l.itlei  mnt.iining  leveral  lalt-wotks. 

( lubenllcin,  on  t!ic  F-ale,  giv>-  ."amc  to  a  bailiwick, 
and  I.  (amous  tor  its  lirulg,-,  where,  in  tlie  open  air,  a 
loun  ot  uidli.ati!ii  is  held,  calkd.  tlie  Bridjrg  Court,  in 
which  ivciv  dt  cndant  is  uliligeil  10  depolit  a  tine; 
I'.ut  on  acipiitiil  il  is  return. d  him,  and  the  pl.iiniill 
iiiriieil^d  in  double  the  turn. 

l-'e'lhurg  com  lins  a  palace  b  1.  iigiiig  to  the   land- 
gr.ive,  ami  is  ddended  I  y   a  caille;  Ciudenlnirg  i-  \\ 
markably  tertile,  and  contains  .Nideiitlein,  a  very  an- 
cient town,  ali.l  M  I  \iiaiuen,o;;e  ot  the  tour  h:gh  hef- 
intalsi.t  I  kth. 

I'l.iiikenbiii;',,  .1  large  tow  n,  l.ud  m  be  built  by  rheo- 
duriik,  king  o|  I'liiiKc,  in  ;20,  It.uuls  1^  miles:  utii- 
.alt  o!  Ualdick,  nth  ■  wclternmoll  b  lundsot  th.  lar.d- 
giavate  of  I'pper  Helle,  to\  i-ls  \\  eilphaha.  In 
iioo(()me  mines  of  lilvcr  anil  copper  w  re  dilcovereil 
here,  but  tluv  turned  to  little  or  noaccoiini.  About 
lix  miles  well  i-  SachlcnlHirg,  where  are  the  ruins  of  an 
old  tort,  iiuilt  by  the  am  tent  Saxons,  to  fecure  their 
ainf   l)e  I  lolunlo..  ;  but  ihcir  claiii'i  \    Irontier  tioiii  any  incurlioii  by  the  fiench  ^arrilon  al 


l''raiikenbiiig. 

Abteld,  U)  miles  f  ill  tiom  Marpurg,  is  one  of  the 
ancient  towns  of  Helle,  and  had  tormerlv  very  great 
privilege-,  1  V  n  power  over  life;  but  11  loll  its  iliart.  r 
ill  .in  .11  cideiital  lire  m.iiiy  \cars  lliice  ;  to  tiiat  now  the 
inhabitants  have  only  a  memoiial  ol  it,  by  tli.  ihict 
magillraii  '•  having  a  (word  carried  bet.ire  him.  The 
town-houle  is  an  liandlome  biiilihn-,;  and  over  the 
door  is  a  monument  in  lemembi.mn  ol  ili.  tiie,  with 
a  Latin  iiili  ripiion,  denoting  "  Thai  when  tilings  are 
irrecoverably  loll,  it  is  the  bell  way  to  frget  them." 
riiiswasthe  lull  town  III  1  Ulle  dial  embi.iced  Lutliei's 
reiormaiioii, 

„  Fv  Ciicdsn 


A  NEW.  ROYAL  akd  Al'THF-NTIC  SYSTF.M  ok  UNIVF-RSAL  nEOGRAI'IIV, 


i* 


r:4 

(;ic(li.n,  ;i  tiiwn  in  Upper  ILflV,  is  d^tcndctl  liy  a 
Ihong  u.ill,  ami  regular  t'ortirKatlon-,  aHvl  lia^  a  well 
llorcil  arfcnal.  Its  trade  is  drt-lTini;  and  Itlling  ot 
I  loth.  It  has  tour  gates,  and  as  many  fpacious  flroits, 
with  a  kiiiare  or  market-place  in  the  centre.  The 
compats  ot"  its  ditch  is  al)out  an  hour's  walk.  It  lias 
one  great  duirch  tiedicated  to  St.  Vanera-;  and  is 
jioveiiied  by  a  council  and  a  magilhv.tc,  htfules  liie 
otlicer'-  ot  the  landgrave.  It  ha:-  a  f.ur  lietween  Fal- 
ter anil  Alccnlion  day,  which  l:ilK  a  week.  Romid 
the  lu  ig''.boiuhooel  are  Icveral  rallies,  as  Solnis, 
Konisilhurg,  Ket/.hurg,  Cileiber,  \c.  Itoneehadan 
uni\erlity.  which  began  to  ilourilh  upon  the  dclertion 
of  Lutherani'.iii  bv  the  proletiors  at  Marpurg,  anel 
their  ailhtring  to  Calvinil'm:  but,  in  liizi,  the  laml- 
grave  L.ewis,  «ho  was  a  Calvinill,  lupprclied  this  uni- 
verlity,  ami  recalk\l  the  lludent^  to  Mar|'.urg. 

St.  Goar,  the  caiiital  ot  tlic  lower  comity,  is  litui- 
ttd  on  the  well  tide  the  Rhine,  where  a  toll  is  paid, 
the  produce  ot  which  belongs  in  coniniou  to  the  two 
lovereign  br..nelies  ot  the  houie  o!  Heli'.-.  On  a  lugh 
rock,  in  the  vicinity,  i>  the  llrong  tortrel's  ot  Rhintcls. 

("loarlhaufen  is  a  fmall  town,  on  the  call  fide  ot 
the  Rhine,  oppofitc  to  St.  (ioari  Recheii'.nirg  is  a 
cartle  on  a  high  roi  k,  with  a  mineral  Ipring;  dianan 
is  an  hofpital  lor  women,  and  one  ol  the  lour  calleel 
the  liiah  holpiiab  ol  Hell',' ;  and  I,angciit'c!rAa!hac!.  i^ 
a  large  villaae  in  the  bailiwick  ot  H.il'.cnllcin,  tamoui 
Icir  it'-  mtiieral  waters;  in  w hi, h  bailiwick  there  is  hkc- 
w  ite  1  lar'.llhalerlead,   a  cclebr.Ued  medicinal  bath, 

I'jiper  Roibach,  a  t mall  town,  will  lie  ever  tamoiis 
for  the  gicat  victory  obtamed  here  over  the  French, 
by    the    kinir   ot  I'rulFia,  on  t!ie  ;th   of  Noven.ber, 


757- 


a  palace,  whivh  wf-ereiTled  by  the  land- 

ir   il> 
a  lilver  iiiiiie;  .'.iid    Thai 


grave    I'lnlip    111.   Ureileiv  ap    i-    tamou-.  t>ir   il>   inii 

Itta 


I'liilipL 
;    1'! 
Works  ioundery,  an 
for  a  copper  mine. 

Fieyliadt,  on  the  Rhine,  was  erected  in  thcxear 
174;,  by  ilie  lapilgrave  Lewis,  and  contain  an  alyUim 
tor  ilebtors. 

Hoth-  im,  one  of  the  four  hi  '1  hoi'pitals  of  I  Iciic,  i^ 
fitiiatcd  in  the  bailivxick  ot  Doinburii. 

//.vingenherg  is  fiiuaied  on  the  lJcrge-Sir..l.'.c,  or 
ITII  ilrea,  a  ro.ul  I'o  caikd,  wliith  cMeiub  40  miles 
o\er  tl'.e  mountain-  trom  Darmlladi  t^  FleKlcl'  erg, 

Biaiiliaeh,  oniheRlune,  is  defeiuled  In  two  eallles, 
and  celebraitd  tor  it  mineral  Ipriiig^.  .xnJl  tojip^r  and 
lilver  mines. 

F.m-  is  a  large  villai;e,  tamous  tor  its  bath-;  and 
Okl-Cat.'..nJleb''gen  ha-  acallle,and  l')ine  iron  mines. 

Dannfladi.  lituated  on  a  river  of  the  lame  name, 
.nt  the  dillance  of  12  miles  fouth  from  iMaiikt'ort  on 
the  Maine,  is  en;  loll-d  'oy  paliladoLS,  and  lietuidcd  \a 
a  lliong  eaflle,  which  is  the  landgrave'-  palace.  For 
iIlC  b'.'tter  luiiiiiv  ot  the  Count  ,  there  are  two  forts; 
one  on  the  vhine,  iiametl  Markbur,',  or  Marienburg; 
anvl  an"ther  on  the  iNFuiie,  lallcil  Rulielheim.  Tiie 
palace  is  a  llatcly  llrufture,  and,  had  it  i>een  tinitlieil 
;'.-eording  to  its  model,  would  have  Iv  en  one  of  the 
iaigeft  and  moll  magnificent  in  Fuiope,  ut  tor  loilg- 
ing  ihe  emperor  and  all  the  nine  eleilor-;  but  the  mag- 
nitieent  w  uk-  that  wi re  intended,  have  lKeni|ui:e 
laul  alide.  However,  the  part',  that  aretinillKd  m.ike 
a  gi.ind  appearanie,  and  are  beauiitied  wiih  a  Ipauius 
garden,  abounding  with  all  tons  .il  tiuits,  and  yield- 
ing annually  great  (piantities  of  rich  wines.  The  em- 
peror has,  belides,  two  fine  plealure-houles,  tW(i  miles 
trom  hence,  Kranchllem  and  .Sen-leld.  Fhough  the 
town  1- not  large,  it  makes  a  good  appe.iranee,  moll 
ot  the  houles  Ining  buill  of  fiee-llone,  and  veiy  high. 
Tliou'jli  well  lortitied,  it  has  (eveial  times  luenlur- 
piiled  and  taken.  Inthisluwn  the  (ieinian^  lull  gave 
over  tilts;  becaule  in  140;,  the  lianconians  and  Hel- 
lians  having  challenged  one  another  to  this  e.xereife, 
fcvcral  ot  the  l''ranconiaii  nobihty,  and  iiiiii;  of  the 
Htllim-,   Were  killed  on  the  Ipcjt. 

The  deer  tome  I'omciiines  dole  to  the  pahlaJocsof 


I  the  town  J  there  beini'  no  province  in  ( ici  many  moir 
'  pioper  tor  luintin<;,  nor  in  Kurope  where  there  are  moro 

I  deer;  the  great  plenl\  ot  whuh  is  verv  iioublelome 
.  to  the  poor  pealanis,  who  are  abroad  dav  anil  iiighi  ti, 

wavcli  their  fields,  and  guard  tiiem  from  iheirenu'  aeli- 
I  ments     It  is  a  flat  even  countr\,  with  a  ^ravellv  I  iil, 
;  whiih  produces cxcelh  nt  |iuilt,  and  i>  interlpetled  wiih 
woods,  through  which  are  cut  excellent  roads. 

The  County  ol    SroMitiM  was   aiuientb    divided 
I  into  hither  and  farther,  tr.e  former  ol  whi.  h  is  nnveoni- 
monl\    ealled  tl-.e  eountv  ot  Sponhcim,   and  the  other 
that  ot  Starkenlurg.     It  islltu.uid  betweui  the  Rhine 
and  the  Moielle. 

Ill  the  hither  county,  of  which  three-lilths  belong 
to  the  elector  Palatine,  and  the  remaining  two-fiiihs  to 
the  prince  of  Baiien-I'>aden,  the  principal  place  i- 

Kreut/.n.ich,  or  Creutznach,  the  ca]iilal,  a  well-built 
town,  divided  by  the  river  Nahe  into  the  Old  and  NvW 
Towns.  The  full  emperor-  ot  the  Franks  h.iil  a  palaie 
here,  in  which  they  fometimcs  relided.  Near  the 
town  is  a  callle,  and,  at  no  great  tliilancc  u|)  ilic  iiver, 
two  tait-works. 

In  the  tarthcr  county,  of  which  one  half  bel-Migs  to 
the  iluke  ot  Deux-Foni  -Birkenfeld,  and  the  otlier  to 
the  prince  ot  Baden-Baden,  arc, 

Birkenfeld,  which  once  g:'.ve  the  title  ol  iliikc  to  ,1 
branch  of  the  tamilv  of  Deux-1'ont-.  1  hi-  biaiicli 
afttiwards  liK>  ceding  to  the  dm  hy  ol  Dcux-l'or.ts, 
added  Biikeiit  Id  in  their  title  to  D.ux-Fi'nt-. 

'I'rarbach,  or  Trancrbach,  n  a  town  lying  on  the 
M'lfilit:,  and  lontamin^  a  ehuii  h  common  to  die  Ro- 
man C..tholics  and  Luiher.in-,  with  a  lAitheran  ^)i\\- 
nafuim.  In  the  neighbourhood  are  many  \inyaril«. 
The  town  wa'- once  vcryfb\'ng,  but  the  lortilication-, 
have  been  dcm<  lifhed. 

Siaiki  nburg  i-  a  lallleon  the  Moi'ellc,  bv  the  name 
ol  wliicii  this  eountv  ii  n  iw  generally  ili;;..igui;!icd, 
theiounis  hiving  refuleil  in  it  fnquntlv. 

Tlie  I'rin.  loaliiv  and  Count\  of  ijoi  m  i-  fitiiiied 
between  i  -.  >rr..in  and  I  zAver  ■\il..ce;  ;'nil,  to  dilli.i^iiili 
It  1.  ni  till  County  ot  ihe  l.ime  name  in  the  i1ik:.\  of 
Lu\;m''U.p,,  i;  IS  eall.d  the  I'ljier  counly,  and  I'l; 
oih.r  ih.  Lower.  'Ihe  piiiic.  s  ut  Solm  are  now  ilui  I- 
ed  iiit'i  I  wo  Oram  lies,  I  loogibu  ,  or  S.il  iiZu.  dm  ;  .uul 
■j  L.'ui/-Loe-,  or  S.ilni-KuiHiri.' ;  eacii  of  which  1  "ueli.s 
an  equal  (hare  ot  the  ellite.  belanj^ing  to  the  firiiur 
I  Count-,  and  vole  alternately  ai  the  dut-. 
!  'File  Fiineipalil'.  of  Nassac  lifs  niolily  in  the  Wei- 
ll tci.ai.  'i'iie  length  of  it  is  compiitiil  at  abwut  :,o 
jl  mk-.  and  the  bieaddi  at  about  ;o.  'I'liwu.'Ji  it  r-,  in 
!  geiv.-ral,  wo()d^  and  moiintamou-,  ilieie  arc  foine  li.ic; 
|i  pallures   and   lorn-lands  in  il,   betides  excellent    baths 

II  and  mineral  wauis,  and  k  vcral  niiiKs  of  iron,  lead, 
]  copj.cr,  .uul  oiler  met.ils.  NFill  irlihe  prinee.and 
1'  in'iabiianis  ,iri  Ca'\tnill-.  'Flic  prim  ipality  i  divided 
I  into  I'everal  counties,  beK)nj,inL;  to  the  ilitii'ient 
I  branclK-  ot  the  tamilv,  whkh  is  <pnc  of  the  moll  an- 
I    iientand  illullrioiL- ot  Furopi,  having  produced,  bc- 

1    fide   m.iny  o;iier  great  her.ie-,  Adolphu-,   emperor  of 

1    (iermany,  and   king    Williim  III.  ol   (iieat   Biiiain. 

I    The  eldv  line,  or  ili.it  ot  Walram,  c  iniob,  at  pre- 

I    lent,  of  tin-   branches  of   Nairui-Saai!ii..ek-l 'lin.;en, 

Naflau  SiirbuK  kSaarbru.  k,   and    Nallau-V.  .ilhuig. 

"  The  re|iielentati\c  of  the  lall  ui  thele  married  i;,e  late 

:    inince  of  Orange's  only  lilier.     'Fheotiu  r  line,  ot  that 

I    ot    Odio,     will- h    lOhliilcd    lormcrly    ot    t!ie    kweral 

i    biaii.hes  of   Nitlau-Sieg. n,  which  was   I'oprh,  Nu- 

1    laul)  llemberg.    Diet/.,    .xnd    I  tadamar,  i-    n  ,.v   re- 

I    diiced  to   that    ot    Nallaii-Diet/,  the  repieleniatl\c  of 

which,    William,    prince  of  Oraiij?,e,  eiijojs   all   the 

I    tetriioriis  thai    belonged  i)  the  othei  biiiKlies ;  and, 

I    onaicountot   tliem,  ha- level al  voie    1.1   the  tlier  of 

I    1  he  em  pile,  and   thole   ot  this  tiivle  ainl  \\'>.l!phaha. 

All  the  branches  pav  a  mairiailir  a. id  chamber  tixi^ 

tion  J  but  tliofe  ot  the  el  lei  line  have  no  leat,  or  voie-, 

in  the  college  of  the  piiiiees  i.t  tlie  empire,  being  only 

members  of  ihat  of  the  Imperial  Wetteuu  counts.  'Fhe 

eluet  place-  i:\  the,  p:m^ ipality  are 

Diel^, 


EUROPE.] 

T)ietz,  th( 
.nn.iihcr  brai 
prime  of  Or; 
on  the  river 
liiuih-eall  fri 
fine  calllcs,  1 
town.     It  ha 
nicatcs  with 
f'ubje.-l  to  th( 
mat  ion,  the 
lily   i-.f  Herl- 
is  about    14 
ncral,    llony 
iliccp;   bill  il 
for  ihe  mhab 

N  ,liau  i 
tomierly  llo 
w  Inch  was  th 
callle  the  pri 
took  their  na 
rived  11-  own 
the  iount\ ,  Ii 
Inch  as  it  ai 
trom  Nalua, 
bailiwick,  na 
Nallau-Diei/ 
another  to  N 
adioinmg,  N 
aie  joint  ])io|i 

W'eilbiirg 
which  gives  11 
iheicof,  who 
town.  Over 
iieighbourhoc 
pleafure-lr'Ud 

W'eilmunit 
and  a  great  d 

W'llh  bailer 
fitnued     on 
balh-. 

Bibarith,  ; 
lace;  Sehurl 
the  Schuiier, 
Jain-  a  Fail! 
Saarbruik,  o 
over  a  river 

I  lombuii 
to  Nallao-Sa. 
a  (hai\  ot  In 
cipiliiv  of  N, 

'Fiie  Couni 
I  lelle,   north 
waid  on  I    e 
1 1,'le,  and  t 
ot  Mill/, 
ii-  breadth   u 
marble,  tlao 
wood,  and 
livei  Fdei . 
'Fill  re  are  i 
of   iron  and 
family  ot   \\ 
the  lacrcd  R 
polllein,  lo 
temales,   not 
priiiee  has  n- 
|iriiices  in  th 
1  I'l  le  he  has. 
dei  k  11  4  1 
in  lieu  ot   ill 
Tix-dollai-, 
Helie-Catiel 
on    the    elde 
Flere  are  tl 
government 
jultire.     Til 
derable;  am 
jianics  ot  tou 


I'l  lY. 

n  ( ill  many  mm  ? 

CrC  lIlCIC  MX  lUITk" 

viTV  tiiHihU'lumi; 

il;iv  :ilitl  iui;lu  t.. 
iiii  ihtir  tni  I'  :i'.li- 
t!i  .1  i^iavclly  I  lil, 

inti.ripfrl(.'il  w'uU 
?m  mails, 
iiuicntlv  iliviikil 
vlii.  li  i'>  IV 'w  fiMii- 
ini,  and  iIk-  i.tlici 
ictwc  n  I'lic  Rliinu 

inc-liltlis  liflong 
ninp  two-tlnlis  to 

lip.ll    pl.KO   l^ 

ipii.i!,  a  wtll-lmilt 
i  iIk-  l)Ul  ami  N^w 
a.'iks  li.ul  a  jialaic 
■Ikic-'l.  Niar  tlic 
..nice  lip  lilt  liver, 

nr  lia'.f  h.l  .•iig-.  to 
,  and  the  otUir  to 

tuK'  ol  I'liikc  to  ;l 
1I-.     T  lii^   I'lamli 

ol    lViix-l\r.is, 
iix-P''nts 
[own  lyuu',  on  the 
>iii:iv>n  It)  ilic  Ri'- 
a  L.utlician  ;jvii- 

inaiiy   \inyard?. 
I  the  loiiiiaaiioii!-, 

illl!c,  hv  tlif  naiiio 
.ii:y  d.;l..igiu;!K-d, 
.1  iitlv. 

boi-.M  i-  (i'uite'l 
;'nd.  to  illltl.i^i.  ill 
c  111  llii:  ilii.  .V  (t 
ounly,  and  i'  c 
ilin  arj  now  ili\  i  I- 
>>)l  n/iii..lin;  -iiul 

lit  V.  Iixli  poiiillls 

iilVJ,  t'l  lil>-  lilllKl" 

■111  t"-. 

U'lHy  in  tlic  \\  \t- 
utrd  at  aliwiit  ;o 
'l'luui;;li  II  ir,  in 
icic  arc  loinc  li.ii; 
L'S  exullcnt  hatlts 
iiKS  111  iron,  lead, 
'1  ilic  puiii-.-i  and 
Kipaluy  i  diviikd 
to  till.'  ililii'icnc 
le  ct"  the  nmil  an- 
ns;  pi'uluccd,  bi-- 
phu-,  cnipfror  ol 
ol  (Jicat  liriiain. 
1,  I'.niri;!  ,  at  prc- 
aai'.Hi.rk-l  'iin.;en, 
Nallau-W.ilbtiij^. 
I-  niariicd  i.c  lat.; 
•  otiu  r  line,  Ol  that 
ly  a\  the  teveral 
was  l'opi;h,  Nl(- 
aniai,  i-  ii  i.v  le- 
le  iepicllniati\e  ot' 
[;>.,  eiiji)y>  all  the 
Ki  ill  iiIi-Ik's;  and, 
tie  1,1  the  diet  ot 
e  and  W'^llpii.iha. 
I. id  iliamlvr  taxi* 
.'  no  llat,  or  voie-^, 
iiioiro,  lieins^only 
tltiain.ou:it^  'I'liu 

DiiiA 


EUROPE.] 


(;  E  R  M  A  N     EMPIRE. 


773 


Dietz,  the  capital  of  another  coiint\,  liejonging  to 
another  brantii  of  the  Nall'au  faniilv,  ol  uh:ili  di. 
prince  ot  Orange  is  the  head.  It  is  |)lealamly  litiiat  d 
on  the  riviT  Lolin,  9  miles  cad  troni  Najlu!,  and  k; 
I'outh-eaH  from  Cohlentz.  It  is  walled,  and  lias  two 
tine  callics,  or  towers,  Handing  upon  tw  1  hilL  in  itie 
to\*n.  It  has  i  bridgi-  over  the  riv  r,  wireh  conimu- 
niiatcs  with  l-'regen-lJiei/.  It  had  aeollegiaie  ihurcli, 
(iihu^rl  to  llic  electors  ot  Treves;  but  liiiie  th.'  relor- 
iii.ition,  the  reveniKs  have  bc'  n  a|)phid  lo  the  univcr- 
liiy  r\  Herb,  rn.  The  louiuy  111  whi  h  this  town  lies 
is  .iboiii  14  miles  long,  and  lO  broad.  It  is,  in  j;t- 
ncral,  liony  and  hilly;  his  plenty  of  venifon  and 
lliecis  Inn  in  the  vallies  there  is  torn  and  wine  enough 
lor  tin-  inhabitanis. 

N.iliau  i  a  fmall  town  (jn  the  Lehn,  near  which 
ti'inierly  (bi.d  Nad'aii-b.rg,  a  very  aiuient  ca(t!c, 
which  ivas  the  original  feat  ot  the  famih.  l""rom  this 
callle  the  priiK  i]i.ilii\ ,  finiily,  town,  and  bailiwiik, 
took  tluir  name.  The  cillle,  aiiorihng  to  lomc,  de- 
rived its  own  name  trom  Nalgui,  the  original  name  of 
ilie  i  iiunty,  fignifymg,  in  the  (lerman,  a  mariliy  track, 
Inch  as  it  antientiv  was;  but,  accord'Hi;  to  others, 
fiom  Nalua,  a  tamous  German  commander.  Of  the 
bailiwick,  named  Imm  the  ti'wn,  a  part  belongs  to 
N  all  ail -Diet/.,  aiiotlur  to  N.i(laii.\Vt  ilbuig,  and 
another  to  Naliaii-l'lin<ieni  and  ot  that  ot  Camberg 
adjoining,  Naliaii-I)Kt/.,  and  the  elector  of  Triers, 
are  pint  |)io|irietors. 

Weilbiirg  is  a  handlbme  town  on  the  river  l.ohn, 
whith  gives  name  to  a  county,  and  title  to  the  pnn  e 
ihercol,  who  has  a  fine  palace  and  gardens  in  the 
tnwn.  Over  ilic  river  is  a  llone  bridge;  and  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  town  are  a  large  menagerie  and 
pleat'uie-li'iule. 

W'eilmunlKr  Kmtains  lome  filvcr  and  cop])er  mines, 

and  a  gre.u  deal  of  iron  ore.  j 

Willibailen     is     a     handfome,     populous     town,  | 

fituilcii     on     the    Rhine,     and    n  ited    for    its    warm  i 

balh-.  I 

Uib.uiih,  a  village  on  the  Rhine,  contains  a  pa- 
lace; Sihivrllein  is^el  brated  for  us  wir.e;  Lohn,  on 
the  Schutter,  gives  name  to  a  lordlhip;  Oiiweilar  con- 
tain^  a  Lutluran  and  Roman  Cailioiicf.  ehuivli;  and 
Saarbruik,  on  the  S.iai,  take^  its  name  trom  a  bridge 
iivei  a  river  of  the  tame  name. 

ir>mbiirg,  a  lowii  lituatcd  on  the  \\\fgaii,  beloni^s 
to  Nallau-Saarbruck-S.iarbrnek.  The  lame  prince  has 
a  (]iai\  of  f  >m.'  other  ililhicts  in  this  part  ot  the  priii- 
ciivilitv  of  .\all"iii. 

The  Coiint\  ot  Wali^ccvv  terminates  fouthuaid  on 
]  Idle,  norihwaid  on  the  dioeele  ot  I'aderborn,  uell- 
ward  on'  .e  dm  hy  ot  \V\  iljihaha,  and  eallw.ird  on 
Hi'le,  and  the  bailiwi.k  ot  Irii/.lar,  in  the  electorate 
ot  Mentz.  It--  leiiiilh  is  computed  at  about  24,  and 
its  breailth  at  10  miies.  I:  yields  iron,  lead,  cojiper, 
maible,  flue,  mineral  (nrings  and  abounds  in  grain, 
wood,  and  cattle,  (i  Id  l^  tometinies  found  in  the 
river  luler.  Tiieinhabiia'us,  in  general,  are  Lutheran-. 
There  are  lome  Moolltn  manul.ictorit".,  belides  thole 
of  iron  and  paper,  in  the  county.  The  title  ol  the 
lamily  of  Walde'  »  run^  thus  :  "  Waldeck,  prince  ol 
the  tacred  Roni.'.n  empiie,  count  of  I'vrmoni  and  Rap- 
polliein,  lordol  H  li.  n  .1  k  and  ( i.rollei.  k,  fvc."  Tfe 
iemalcs,  'loiwiihit milii.g,  are  onlv  countelle-.  TIk 
prince  ha-  not  wt  obtained  a  leat  and  voice  air.oiu',  the 
princes  111  the  diet  il  ihe  empire,  but  in  tha;  oi  tin-- 
liide  he  has.  To  the  empire,  his  all  tfnienl  lor  Wal- 
deik  is  4  lioile,  and  iS  toot,  or  1.0  lloim--,  nunthly, 
in  lieu  ot  them;  and  to  the  chambu  ol  W'a^lar  67 
tixdollai-,  74  kiuit/.er'^.  The  couniv  is  .1  liet  ot 
Helie-Callel;  the  luce,  llion  to  which  was  liill  lettled 
on  the  eldtll  (on,  and  his  ill'ue,  in  the  year  i(;i,7. 
Here  arc  the  ulual  high  court--  and  college  ,  tor  the 
poveinmentol  the  coiiniy,  and  the  adminilbation  ot 
jullice.  The  revenue  ot  the  county  is  pretty  coiili- 
derable;  and  the  piinee  generally  maintains  five  com- 
panies ot  loot.     The  chiel  plaeci  here  ate 


I       Corbaeh,  the  capital,  divided  into  the  Old  and  New 

Town-,    which    conta  ns   a    gvmnaiiiim,     with    two 

cliuiche-;  in  one  of  which  is  a  (lately  monument  of 

marble  and  alaballer,  creeled  b\  the  (hiesof  the  L'ni- 

,  led   Provinces  to  the  prince   of  Waldeck,  who  wa» 

I  tield-mardial  of  their  forces. 

Liwer  Weldung'  n  is  a  pietty  large  well  built  town, 

having  the  epithei   ol    Lower,   to  d';(|ingiiidi    't    from 

;  Old   Weldungen,  a  tmall  town,  with  a"  catllc,  died 

hrederichdein.  In  the  choir  of  the  c'lich   beio'icin^- 

01  the  former  of  thele  towns,  is  a  m  niument  of"^ila- 

I  bad  r,  crcrted  by  tlie  republic  of  V  nice,  to  a  piinec 

I  ot  Waldeck,  who  vas  commander  of  toeir  f)r^,s.     la 

Its  neighbourliood  all')  are  f  mie  mineral  fpriiirrs 

In  Rhoden  is  a  lea:  beloni;ing  to  the  printe.  Near 
WaMt\k  (lands  an  oldcallle,  which  gives  name  to  the 
county,  and  title  to  the  piince. 

Arollen  is  a  regular  well  nuilt  town,  danding  noc 
far  from  the  river  Aars,  and  containing  a  palace,  whicli 
is  the  ul'ual  relidence  of  the  prince,  and  a  ihurcli  for 
each  of  the  three  religions.  Here  is  alio  the  feat  of  the 
high  colleges. 

Adort  is  a  vllligc  in  the  bailiwick  of  Eifenbu'g,  in 
which  are  iron  works,  wnh  two  copper  mine-,  and  a 
Lutheran  foundation  for  ladies.  There  arc  copper 
works  in  fome  of  ihe  other  bailiwicks;  and  at  KleiiH-rn, 
a  villige  in  the  bailiuick  of  Waldeck,  are  two  chaly- 
lieaie  fprings. 

The  County  of  Hanau-Mi-nzf.nburg  is  fertile  in 
corn,  wood,  wine,  and  fruit.  It  produces  likewilb 
lalt,  cobalt,  filvcr,  and  copper. 

The  river>  are  the  Maine,  Kinzcg,  and  Nidda.  The 
cdaiililhid  religion  is  Calvinifm;  but  Lutherans  and 
Roman  Cat  hohe-- are  tolerated.  It  is  a  populou-  ma- 
nutac'.oral  and  commercial  county,  and  the  chief  places 
are  the  following  ; 

Hill  HI,  its  i.ipital,  is  (ituated  on  the  river  Kinzer, 
which  divides  it  into  the  Old  and  New  Town--,  both  of 
whkh  are  fortified.  The  New  Town,  wliieh  was  built 
at  full  by  I'iemilh  and  French  refugees,  who  had  k-,  ac 
privileges  granted  to  them,  is  regular  and  h  indlime. 
Ihe  callle,  in  which  the  counts  u  ed  t  )  relidc,  and 
which  Hands  in  the  Old  Town,  is  foitified,  and  his  a 
tine  dower-gaiden,  witli  commoilious  aparnients.  The 
Jews  are  tol.rated  here,  and  ib^ell  in  a  particular  i;uar- 
ler.  The  Magillracy  of  the  New  Town,  and  the  dit- 
po(al  ol  ah  oliiies  in  it,  bel.mg  to  the  French  and 
Dutch  con^ircuations.  Here  are  an  univeiliiv,  witli 
li  veral  manufictori  -,  partkularb  liiat  of  roll  I'Aiv  co, 
and  a  ver)  conliderable  traflic.  A  eanal  run  from  the 
town  to  the  Maine,  on  which  river,  near  the  town,  is 
I'hihplrue,  i.e.  I'hiliji's  Re|)ofe,  aprtty  villa,  built 
by  line  of  the  counts  of  the  name  of  I'liilip. 

H.igen,  a  (mall  town,  \ields  exell.nt  wine;  Dicber 
is  a  tliiiving  town,  with  lilver,  copjier,  iron,  and  co- 
balt i.une- and  wi'rk- ;  and  C;ienliau!en,  on  the  Kin- 
/.eg,  16  mile-  north-eall  from  Hanau,  was  formerly 
an  Imperial  citv,  but  now  tielongs  eiuiiely  to  the  land- 
grave ot  IKtle-Cad'el. 

In  Nauheim,  a  imall  town,  is  a  falt-work  of  cond- 
daable  value. 

Territories  bclc»iiiig  to  the  Princes  a/Solms. 

Tlie  hou(e  o(  Solm--  I^  divicKil  into  many  branches, 
of  wliieh  ihol'e  ol  S  ilm--L;uibach-B'.ruth,  with  their 
collitcral  branihes,  h.ave  their  ellates  in  Lulatia, 
and  the  electorate  of  Saxonv.     Tiie  matriciilar  aii'eil- 


.'•    "   !| 


h  \l  ll'l. 


Biaiinlels,  

a  jialace,  llrong'y  loiiilied  m 


776         A  NKW,  RCIYAL  am.  AUTIIKNTIC  SYSTKM  of  UNIVERSAL  riBXlRAniY. 


giving  natiu- 1»  a  luiiiwi.  k,  whitli.  wiil\  ilii.'  I'lwn  and 
caltif,  l>ik;:ij;  t.ulic  Bi.uintlU  l)i;uuli;  and  miitains, 
belli!.".  Dtlur  phu\-,  AliL-iilHiri:,  .i  rr.mvmllr.iunli.in 
conviii!  loi  lidics  ncir  wlmli  ihc  lu^h.-ll  louit  ol  tin.- 
c.iiiniy  ib  lulil  .uinuillv  in  liicup.n  .in',  uiilfls  in  lloni.v 
v.L.iilifi;  .-.nd  Biirn-S  >lms,  a  villag  ,  m  wliuli  lloml 
I  iiiiKily  !'"■  ancient  t.inuly  I'tai  ot  thccmnts  >.|  Sol.iv. 
The  luiliMi  k  iuib  alio  ifvcral  iron  min.b  and  ^^.>od^  in 
it,  and  al>olllKl^  in  y,iain  and  cattk'. 

IliiiiiHii  is  a  liuill  tovvn  lu'.iid  on  tin.'  Morl-ll,  in 
that  part  ot'  tlicloidlhip  ut  Mun/.cnlnii>^  ulii.li  liJon^s 
I.)  tlii>  laiuily.  In  tlic  town  i^  a  lulue  of  ihc  count-, 
and  uithont  it  a  park  toi  >!i.xt,  1;i  the  lame  pan  »t  tin- 
I'.b  .\c  loidlli;)!  Hands  aUo  Arcnilmri;,  a  luh  Mkv  iit 
Ucinaidin.- ,  lubKd  to  the  aulilmliop  ol  Ment/,  tlic 
r.vciniv  ot  which  is  laid  to  .iiiiouiu  to  alioiii  ;o,o:o 
florins, 

Wohiduini,  (iamluJi,  and  1  locn-Solms  all  -^n,- 
nanus  to  bailiwicks  and  tlie  latter  contains  a  p.ilacc. 
Laiibaih.  <.n  the  Wetter.  i;ive-  name  t  >  a  baiiiAKK, 
and  title  to  a  priiue.  In  the  neifthbouihood  ot  the 
latter  town  cxc.'lknt  t'uU.r's  i.aiih  i^.  tuiind  in  L;re.it 
aliiindar.ce. 

In  tiie  territory  of  Solm--Rode'.heim  are 

RodJlKilil,  a  large  couiuv  town  on  the  Nidda, 
containing;  the  count's  palace,  and  gising  naiiie  to  a 
baihwii  k,  the  greater  part  ot  which  bcloni;-  alio  to  a 
louni;  and  Alienh.im,  a  rniali  town,  liliialed  at  the 
conllux  of  t!ie  Nidua  and  Wetter,  ami  i.',iviiii;  name  to 
a  liailiwiik,  oi  tlK  greater  part  oi  whuh  the  count  l^ 
al'.'o  proprietor, 

Tlu-  County  of  KosicSTi  is  lie^  in  the  Wetievau, 
along  a  ridge  ot  mountains  lalled  the  H.>e.  The  elec- 
tor o!  Mcnt/.  at  pretent  pol^elle^  nearly  the  whole  ol  the 
countv,  a  fiviall  part  on!\  being  held  by  the  count^  ol  ! 
Stolherg,  who,  however,  have,  at  various  lime-,  pre-  | 
tended  to  have  a  rig'u,  ar.d  laid  iliim,  to  the  whole.  ' 
In    the   m>.an    tniie    both    thele  pnne.-   lommue  to  | 
vote,  on  account  of  it,  in  the  diet  iit  ilu'  I'pp  r  Rhine,  i 
and  b"ih  are  memb.T-  "t  theeolUge  ol   ilii   Imperial  ' 
W'.tterau  counts.     Ol    the   nuincuiar   al'eliiii;  nt   lor 
Konigllein,  M.'niz  pavs  8.t  lloriii-,  an  1  Stolbeii;  20. 
Tiie  ]ilaic    i:i  thiscountrv  are 

Ko.iigitein,  which  tiue    isanie  to  it,  and  contains  a 
callle  on  a  hg'i  rock;  So  !eii.  a  nee  Imperial  village,  I 
ill  wliieh  there  are  loni.'  lali-pans  and  a  meiliei.i.il  b.uh} 
Ranlhill,  a  f.uall  town  beion^in.;  to  the  lame  count ; 
un  I  Divlenbui';.;,  del.  nd.  d  by  a  c.illl.-. 

1  he  Countv  o|  li'i-iiv  Isknbc  :o,  |o  e  ihe\l  to  dif- 
tin;  iilh  it  hon>  Lo.vei  •  llenhuii,  onthe  L-o.v.-r  Rlrne, 
wii  ni..de  a  e  iiiii-\  in  1442,  having  ben  onb  a  1  id- 
lli.|)  be'ijr--.  \'  oiU.in-.  wood,  i  im,  and  .kiu.-;  is  we!l 
\va;>red  ;  .ui.l  ii.  lonus  partK  to  tlie  liouli  o;  li.nbuig, 
partly  11  tint  o|  1  lelle-Darmlladt,  and  paiib  to  ih  ■ 
1  ■.■u'lis  ot  S.ul:  il;.  'i'i'.e  h  ^ule  o;  llenburv,  on  ac- 
coi:nt  ot  it's  po  ti on  of  this  ci.un'v,  ha-,  a  kat  in  tiie 
di..ts  ot  till  urele,  asid  alio  amonii,  tiie  Weiterau  counts 
The  pun.  ipal  plaics  in  it  :u-  a-  f  l!ow  ; 

Biiileiii,  taniou^  tor  it  iron  mines  f .m^en-Die- 
l'ich,  an  1  Oli'eniiach,  on  the  Maine,  ii..l  mging  to  the 
pi  in  .■  .  f  li.iiburg-Biri'.t  111. 

1 1,1' II  /.  ;r-l)ie\eii.l'.en,  in  the  Impend  foicll  of  j 
Dieyeiilun;  and  New  Iteiilnirg,  a  regular  built  tov\  n,  , 
bc.lonu,iiij.  to  the  .ilwve-meiitioned  prune.  [ 

B',..ling,  n,  thougii  a  fni.-.ll  town,  i-.  the  1  apital  of  the 
whol  ■  c  'unty,  and  gives  nam.-  t()adiibut,  wliieh, 
with  uv  .  otliirs,  b,  fjngs  t.i  the  t.iiintot  li'enliurg- 
Buoinj,en,  who  \i\-  .1  pahue  m  ihc  town.  In  its 
neig'iliouihoo  !  .sa  park  tor  de^r,  with  lumc  lall  works 
and  viney.iid-. 

W  .eht.  ilha.  h  I  a  fni.ill  town,  giving  nime  to  .1 
diilnei,  which,  \suh  ih.-  town,  and  two  otiur  dillrich, 
belong  to  the  counts  ot  lleiiburg-Waehterlbach,  who 
rtliile  m  tlic  town. 

Meirh.ol/.  lb  a  village  on  the  iiver  Ken/.i<j,,  in  which 
thi-   (    unts   ot   IJLnbui.^-M.erhol/.  relidc,    and   which  j 
gives  iK'.ni-  to  adiiUict  belonging,  with  toiuc  others,  to  ' 
liie  lame  count.. 


Of  the  Wii.t)  ivul  Rhine-(;ravi;s,  and  tlcir  Terri- 
t cries. 

The  Wild,   or  W^lld,   or  Raii-Ciraves,    in  latin, 

CoiiiiUsj\uuliirii,JoKfl<iriiJ!!vf/lii-iy  ij  iirjuli,  were  I, 

calhd   troni  the  rough  and  wo  dy  tiniiorus  whuh, 

.IS  well  .;s  thole  ol   ihe   Rhin.-  (irave^,  lay  dilperled 

al'out  the  Rhine,  beiwem  Ualil  and  Bonn.    In  the  uth 

icntury  the  lerritoixs  ol  th.  loriuer  Kll  to  the  laitcr, 

troi     whom  aie  delceiulul  the  lounts  of  Salni,  the 

counts  of  (irtimbach,  the  RhineCiravc  of  Stein,  md 

Wi!il-(  iravcs  ol   Daun  and  Kiiburg,      Kacli   reigning 

houle  (its  and  vote^  in  the  iliet-  ol   this  i  ircK',  m\i\  m 

thole  ol   the   empire,    in  the  college  ot   the  Impel ..il 

:  lounts  o|  the  Wutcr.iu,  I'ayiiig  laeh  a  mairicular  al- 

'  iellinent,  and  alio  to  th.e  ehamlier  at  \\  ri/!,ir.     Th.- 

i  Willi  and  Rh.iU  Grave  lands  are  moitlv  tiif-. 

Ill  the  teriit'  i\  o!  the  lount^  ol  (irutiv  aihare 

v'iiumbaih,  .1  loun  which  gives  name  toalordlliip, 
or  h.Liwiik,  Ivjiig  I'll  the  nver  (ilan,  and  atlijidiiig 
ametlulls  loiiKliaii-,  agates,   inoih;is,  \c. 

Tioii.h'.n,  i>n  the  lion,  gives  name  to  a  loulllup, 
which  contain-  Taliang,  a  market  town,  aiul  14  htiL- 
vill.iges. 

The  teiritorie-  oi  the  Rhiiie-(  irave  of  Stein  con- 
tain only  Rhingraltnllm  and  Wildenburg,  which  have 
both  callles-,  (jrchweiK  r,  uhieli  li.e  a  palace;  and  the 
large  villag  ■  ol  Woillall, 

'I  he  \\  ild-(iiavate  01  Duin  contains  Daun,  .in  elc- 
g.iiit  leit  on  a  hill,  near  the  Suinnern  ;  Kirn,  .1  toun  on 
the  N'ahe;  I 'i' mringen,  a  maik't  town,  which  give- 
nan.-  ti>  a  liaihwi.  k;  .md  I'utlingen,  trom  which  a  lord- 
Ihip  leceive-  it-,  appill.ilum. 

Leiningen,  or  Linage,  the  capital  of  its  countv, 
lland^  eight  mile',  louth-i'. ill  ot  NVorni..,  and  north- 
well  Iroiii  Spire.  This  louiiiy,  whiih  border-,  upon 
I'lankendale,  i-  lliaied  ani.)ng  jour  branches  ol  the  ta- 
mily.ivho  take  tlu  ir  name  ot  diltinction  from  iheleve- 
ral  parts  ot  11  in  their  [lolleliion.  The  countv  ot  La- 
ne.,: e,  properlv  fo  la'ie.!,  i>  a  tief  ol  the  billiop  of 
.Meiii/,  and  theretoiv  ua  united  to  luance  in  i6,Si  ; 
l;ul,  1\  il..  tie.ity  oi  Rvlwuk,  tho'.e  count-  were  le- 
ellablaiie.l  in  tii.ir  aiicient  ll.it.\  and  they  are  therein 
e\pr^;  ly  tilled  the  loiini-  il  Leiniii'jen.  The  piin- 
ii[)al  plaie-.  Ill  it  are  New-Lemingen, 'I'urcheim,  Cirun- 
ihidt,  aiul  Lanlheim.  The  otlKr  branches  of  thile 
count-.,  who  are  all  L-utlcrans,  me  in  potiellion  of 
Haiie.ibeiii,  in  the  middle  ot  the  I'.ilatinate,  n.pt  t.ir 
t.oni  W  01  111'-;  Bioich  calUe,  on  tiie  Rhine,  ne.u  Uui;- 
ii'Mj,;  Dachthur.j,,  in  tlu-  WelUMh,  in  Allace;  an.l 
W,  lieibui  j  ,  in  Walbravia. 

The  L  dlbip  ot  Reipoh/kirchen  belongs  to  tla 
eoi.iii  ot  iilleli-.eim,  on  wliu  h  ai  lou  ii  Ik-  has  a  leal 
and  vol'--  ,11  the  di-  ts  .>(  i-n.-  uieie;  a^  ha:  h  iheiouiu 
ol  \^ied  Ri.'ikid  lor  ilie  loidlliip  ol   Kirchiiigeii. 

'1  he  count"  lit  l-alkenllein  bi-f-ng--  tiitirily  10  lie 
em]K-rori  but  contain-  only  halkeiillein,  a  Imall  to*ii, 
ileluid'.tl  b\  a  lallh  ;  an.d  Winweiler,  uhicli  giv., 
name  to  a  bailiwick,  and  has  a  Ion  re  s. 

The  County  ot  Wijr.tNSTttN,  win  h  is  abuit  I'i 
mile^  in  length,  and  14  in  breadth,  i.envir.-ned  i)y  the 
territorie-  ot  1  Lllc--I)armlladt,  Naliau-niilemb.  ig, 
and  the  Duihy  of  Wellphalia.  It  prod, ue  httlegtiin. 
but  good  p.illure,  and  plentv  ot  wood;  wiili  mines  ol 
lilvei,  copi'-.r,  and  iron;  and  is  watered  be  the  rueis 
1  .ohii  ami  I'.der.  Theiouiits,  who  are  ot  the  liuii.- 
fimily  3.-  thole  ol  S'.yn,  are  divided  into  tiie  t  a  > 
biaiiihe-.  ot  .Sayn-Wiigenllein,  ot  W  iigenllein,  ai  d 
.Sayn-Witgeiillein  of  Berl  burg.  Tli  •  lounty  cnmi-.-j 
both  branches  to  a  vote  in  tnc  coll  ge  ot  the  Wei- 
terau  counts,  both  at  the  dut  ol  the  empire,  and 
th  It;  of  this  circle.  The  revenue  ot  the  countv  01 
Wiigenllein,  including  that  ot  the  lordlli;;)  ol  H mi- 
luiig,  which  lies  between  the  duihv  ot  B..rg  and 
county  of  Maik,  and  belongs  to  the  counts  ol 
Witgenllein,  is  conliderable.      In  this  county  are 

Witgenllein,  .1  callle,  leated  on  a  high  m  nintiin, 
the  rclideiKC  of  the  counts  ot    Sayn-Wiigenllcin,  ol 

Witvicnlleiii, 


I 


s,  and  ibclr  Terri. 


•  (iKUrs,  It)  latin, 
ij  t'irjuti,  were  l.i 
urlill)^l(^,  wlmli, 
ivi-,  l;iy  (lilpcrlcii 
1  IVnn.  In  the  imIi 
IT  till  to  ilu'  laiiir, 
I  Hill''  ot  Salm,  (lie 
ii.ivf  ot  Stein,  :i'iit 
;;.  Ivuli  rciffiiiiif; 
'I  iliis  I  ircli',  .iiul  III 
■v,u  ol  iliL'  Impiii.il 
u  li  a  maiiKul.ir  al- 
r  at  \Vtt/!ar.     'I'h,- 

ll'ililv    lilt'-. 

( iruini  mil  are 
naiiK'  to  a  lonlfliip, 
(ila;i,  anil  atl'oiiliiii^ 

ii.mie  tc  a  Inulilnp, 
t'lwn,  anil  14  ImL- 

iiavc  i.|  Suin  (.oii- 
(.iLninn'j,,  wliitli  liave 
i. a  inilacc  ;  anil  tliu 

>ntains  Daun,  an  t  ic- 
crn  ;  Ku;i,  .1  town  on 
t  town,  wliii  li  (;ivi- 
11,  troiii  wliith  a  loij- 

a[)ital  ot   Its  coiiiitv, 

Wonii--,  aiu!  imiili- 

wlikli  horilcr^  iiji. in 

.ir  lira  11'  lies  oi  ilu-  la- 

iKMion  iioni  tlic  levo- 

'I'liL'  louniv  ot  La- 

Hct  ol   ill.'  bilhop  ol' 

1  to  I'laiKt  in  i6(ii  ; 

tlioA  toiint-~  were  iv- 

aiiil  they  are  tlieivin 

^inin^en.     Tlic  piin- 

!,cn,'rurclicini,  Cirun- 

Kr  brantlii^   ot   tliilc 

ate  in   polKillon   ot 

ic  I'.'.latinati.',  n<pt  t.u 

tiic  Rliinc,  neai  Dui;- 

\iA),  111  Altaci';  and 

rtlicii  belongs  to  tiie 
;'.i  ion  it  Ik  his  a  leal 
lei  ■!'■  li:i:li  I  lie  louiiL 
)  ot  Kircliini;en. 

long^  eiitiiily   to  tl  c 

.iitlein,  a  liiiall  to^ii, 

nwciler,    uliicli   j>ivlj 

orii'e;s. 

N,  "111  li   is  aUuit  I'i 

h,  i>ciivii'oiK\l  bv  the 
N:iliai.i-l)illc:nb.ii:, 

t  pr.'i.lui.e  little  gi.un, 
uoo'l;  with  miiici  ul 
watered  b>'  the  ri\eis 

who  are  ot  the  lam. 

iliviileil   iii',1)  tlie  t  A  1 

ot   \\  ii^enllein,  ai.d 

Hi.'  Loiiiuy  cniiii'.') 

eoll  g^-  of  the  Wei- 
ol   the  empire,    ami 

nue  ot  the  couiitv  01 

the  lorillliip  ot  H  1111- 
iluihy    ot    Bjr^   arul 

g,s  to   the   counts   ol 

I  this  eounty  are 
on  a  hij;ii  iiinint lin, 

Sayii-\Vii^>,eiillcin,  ot 
NVtfieiilleini 


KUROl'K.j 


(;  F.  R  M  A  N     1;  M  I>  I  R  P. 


771 


I 


i 


VVit'^.nlLiii  1  and  B.rlehiirfj,  a  I'liiall  town,  on  the  liitle  j 
rivei  Ikrleii,  i  .iiiaining  a  line  palate,  belon;;iii^,  with 
the   town,    to   the    county   ol    Sa\  n-\Vit^eiilUiii-Her- 
Jebiiig. 

Thk  CIRCI.K  01    TiiF.  LOVVRR-RIIINI- 

'T'l  IlSein  le  is  bounded  on  th  •  i.ill  liv  P'ranc^niia,  and 
the  lower  jiart  ol  the  eircle  ot  the  Ujiper  Rhine  ; 
oil  t!  e  well  by  the  iipjier  part  of  the  circli'  "I  the  L'p- 
]ier  Rhine,  Lor--  1  and  1  .uxeiiiluirg  ;  on  th.'  norih 
bv  the  circle  ot  t.ellphalia;  and  ontheliiith  hv  that 
ot  Svabia.  Ii  lontains  extUilive  ol  the  I'.ilatinate, 
Jvi.  tlu  three  arehbillvipii'  .  and  electorates  ot  NLnt/., 
Tri^r^,  or  Ticw,  and  C'lloji^tie. 

'I'he  liiets  ot  llii^  i,;iele  are  liel.l  at  I''rank.!ort  on  the 
MiiiU';  .mil  the  ek\'\'ir  ol  Ment/.  i^  iIk  r'.Kuiioiiini; 
I'niu  e  uid  iliieelor  ol  ir,  Itisoneot'  tholee.ilUd  the 
anieruii  .irelei;  and  its  lontrilnition  to  the  enijiiie  has 
g-fi'.rally  been  eipial  to  that  ot  the  I'p^ier  Rhine. 

In  dei'(  ribiii^  ihi;-i  irele  we  lliall  olHerve  ilie  U>\\  iwing  ' 
Inbdivilions. 

'I'he  Arehbilliojirie  anil   Fleftorate  of  Mint/,  lies 
on  ilie  banks  ot   the  M.iiiie,  between  the  electorate- ol  1 
'I'rier^  nil  the  well,  th    I'alatm.ite  on  th  ■  louih,  I'laii-  . 
loniaon  theeall,  and  the  Wetteiau  on  the  ivirih.     It  1 
i>  about  '10  miles  in  length,  and  5.1  in  breadth.     Be-  I 
tiles  the  Main,  it  is  watered  by  liiree  other  jirincijial 
ri\er  .  the  Rhme,  the  j-^-Xt,  and  the  L;)hii.     It  is,  in 
!.'.enei  il,  e.seeeding  fertile,  and  produces  great  pl.nty 
o)  loiii,  Liitk,  wine.,  truit,  lait,  llax,  to'.iacvo,  and 
timber.     It  has  fe\eral  kinds  of  manut'whire,  ]iaiiKU- 
larlv  thole  ol'  woollen  and  linen  cloth,  glafs  miirijrs, 
and  porcelain,   in  which,  as  well  as  in  wine,  ainionils, 
chelnuts,  lla.\,  and   ton.icco,  a  eonliderable    traile  is 
carried  on  witli  the  adj.icent  co.intries. 

As  the  electorate  i^\^  Ment/.  is  under  tlie  dominion  of 
nn  ecileliallic,  almoll  the  whole  jiropertv  ot  it  belongs 
to  priefls,  monks,  and  nuns;  and  all  p'aces  and  otiiccs 
are  p.iHeired  by  the  tleru\ .  'I'he  iMedoniinaiit  religion 
ot  the  electorate  is  the  Roman  Catholic ;  but,  in  leve- 
lal  plate-,  there  are  many  I'roieitants. 

The  eleclor  is  tliof  11  bv  the  ehaiHcr,  which  confills 
ot  4:  canons,  24  of  whom  are  ca|iiiular-.  1  I.'  i-  not 
only  the  tirl!  archbiiluip,  but  alio  ilec'tor  oi  (iermany, 
in  eoiik'ijU'iKe  ot  lii.^  being  aich-vhancellor  ol  the  em- 
li:re;  and  he  alway^  fits  on  the  right  hand  of  the  em- 
li.roriii  all  public  conventions,  lie  is  viiitor  ui  all 
the  lourts  ot  the  empire,  direCl.or  ot  its  poll-,  and 
[guardian  of  the  aieiiives  and  matricuhi.  11.'  crowns 
the  emperor,  nominates  a  viee-tliaiK.llor  ot  the  em- 
jiiie,  and  lipids  .1  el,.'inciry  .at  the  ltr.[)enal  court.  To 
hull  alio  all  toieiun.  p;iiices  and  llate.  direcl  what  pro- 
p.1^l.lon^  tlu\  make  to  the  empire,  as  well  as  apply  t'>r 
the  redrets  ot  grievances.  In  lpiritu:ds  he  llainU  ini- 
mcdiatily  under  the  lee  ot  Rome.  The  blllioprits 
lubuct  to  this  luril'ilic'i ion  are  tliole  of  W.mn-,  Spire, 
Siialhiirg,  Conllaiuc,  Auglburg,  Coire,  W'Linlluiig, 
i:iihll,idt,  l'.iderborii,  I  Iildellu  im,  an  1  I'lild.i. 

For  the  government  of  the  countrv ,  and  the  avimi- 
nidration  of  lullice,  the  iliief  eolleg.s  .ire  'he  privy 
tonlcrence,  the  privy  ihan^ery,  the  Aulic  council,  aiivl 
the  reverlion  iudu  atory ;  to  the  kill  ot  which  appe.ils 
he  Ironi  the  infeii.ir  judicatories. 

The  revenue--  ot  the  elee'lor  arc  l'u]i]iofed  to  ani.nint 
annuallv  to  about  ioc,oocI.  ariliiig  chielly  from  the 
tolls  on  the  Rhine  and  Maine,  the  t.ix  on  wine,  and 
that  [laid  b\  the  Jews,  the  lullvr  of  wliii.h  is  very  eon- 
liderable. Fie  is  able  to  maintain  5  or  (000  men  at 
all  limes;  but.  to  I'ave  unneceliary  expence,  I'eldom 
kee|is  above  half  that  number  ot  legul.ir  troops;  lor 
iiis  income,  wli.n  he  is  only  arclibiili  'p  ot  Ment/, 
without  coniniandanis,  (which  isleldom  the  cale.)  will 
n  It  allow  ol  any  greater  llate  or  cxpcnees;  and  his 
houlliold  is  fulled  rather  to  his  laeied  than  his  tempor.il 
tharnfter. 

The  iiiofl  confiderablc  places  in  tliii  electorate  are 
the  t'oUowing; 
No.  71. 


Ment/,  which  llaiuls  on  tlic  Rhin.%  near  where  the 
Mime  tails  into  it,  is  the  capital  of  the  archbiihopric 
and  ekaorate.  It  is  called,  in  L.itin,  Moguntia,  Mo- 
LMintiarum;  and,  in  French,  Mayence.  Itislituued 
13  mile-  well  from  I'tanklort,  2j  north  from  Worms, 
4.S  liom  Heidelberg,  43  tr. mi  Spire,  i,S()  from  Sital'- 
burg,  00  liom 'I'riers,  and  74  tioni  Cologne.  It  is  a 
large  .iiid  populous  citv;  hut  moll  of  the  llrcets  are 
narrow,  and  the  common  buildings  very  plain  anil 
irregular.  The  elector  has  fcvcral  jialaces  in  and  about 
the  city,  moll  of  wlii;  h  aieoriiaiiiented  with  beauiiiil 
and  extenlive  g.ird-n-.  It  was  made  an  .■<-  Iibiiliipric 
in  -ji'),  bv  I'epin  and  pope  dregory  111.  'Ihc  catlie- 
''".'  IS  a  fifty  \. mill  ij  building;  and  in  it  are  foir.e  tins 
iilonunMil  ,  erecteil  to  the  memory  of  deceat'ed  elec- 
toi-s.  The  \eltments  in  which  the  electors  lay  nials 
ue  extreiii.  ly  ii>  h;  and  the  canopx  under  whkh  tlic 
holl  is  earned  in  procellion  is  entirelv  covered  with 
pearl.  'I'he  elector's  chief  paki' e  is  biiik  of  rcddilh 
mirblelliiiie,  embellillied  with  ornaments,  and  is  re- 
gular and  magiiiliceni,  though  but  two  Hones  high, 
and  built  alia  the  old  (krnian  manner.  On  the  v.in- 
iKiwaot  this  biiifiing,  as  will  as  on  thole  of  tiu' catlie- 
ih.il,  are  painted  a  wheel,  winch  is  a  part  of  the  elec- 
tor's c  lai  ot  arms.  D.li.ks  th.-  cathedral,  here  arc 
many  collegiate  and  other  churches,  with  leveral  mo- 
n  illciie-,  nunneries,  and  li  'ijiital  .  Flere  are  liisewile 
an  univcrlity,  loundid  in  the  year  14S2,  by  the  elector 
Di.iiier;  a  bridge  of  boats  over  the  Rhine  ;  llianufic- 
tori.s  ot  dockings  and  tluti's-,  and  two  yearlv  lairs. 
Hut  the  moli  eonliderable  building  in  this  city  is  the 
charter-houle,  whieli,  tor  elegance  and  extent,  is  one 
ol  the  liiielt  in  Fairope.  It  has  apartments  large  and 
lommoilious  ennugli  10  lodge  a  lovereign  and  hi-  reti- 
nue, and  is  beautiiully  litu.ned  on  an  eminence  tront- 
ing  the  Rliine.  At  tiie  toot  of  this  lioul'e  llands  the 
I'avoi  ita,  a  fmall  but  elega'.it  elecloral  pal.ice,  w  lih  moll 
dcligliilul  gardens. 

Ment/,  has  a  llourilliiiig  trade,  cipccially  in  Rhciiilh 
wines,  ot  which  the  vineyard?  in  this  neigh! lourhood 
yield  the  f.ell,  iiartieulaiiv  thole  of  Ho^kham,  from 
whence  the  tilled  Ion  ot  Rheniili  wine li.as  obtained  the 
name  nf  Old  Flock.  The  city  of  Mem/  claims 
the  inveiui.in  ot  the  art  of  iiriiiting,  which,  if  not: 
invenied,  was  at  lead  much  iiiipr.'ved,  by  John  Fud, 
or,  as  others  fay,  by  John  Ciuiienburg,  about  the  year 
145c. 

Afchallenburg  is  fitu.Ucd  on  the  conllux  of  the  ri- 
vulet Afchatf  and  the  Maine.  Flere  is  a  dne  cadle,  in 
which  the  elector  tiequ.nily  relides  during  the  I'ealon 
t  >r  hunting  in  the  Sjialfart,  together  with  a  collegiate 
chuith,  a  college,  and  a  large  cloiller.  The  town 
gives  name  to  ,1  bailiwick,  in  which  arc  alio  Seligen- 
dadt,  a  town  lituated  on  the  Maine,  with  a  Benedic- 
• '.lie  cloiller ;  the  abbot  ol  whkh  llile- himlell  lord  of 
( icilalbach,  Omer(bach,and  i  loflladen  ;  together  with 
Obernburg,  a  fmall  town,  and  Dettingen,  a  village  on 
tlie  Maine,  remarkable  tor  a  battle  fought  near  it  in 
I  74;,  b.'tween  the  Englilh  and  I'leiieh,  in  which  the 
latter  were  repulled. 

liingen  is  a  pleatant  town,  lituated  on  tlic  well  lidc 
ot  the  Rhine.  It  had  a  t  ut  in  the  time  of  the  Ro- 
man ;  and  has  a  c.Ulle  at  this  day,  which  llands  on  a 
hill,  ami  i.verf  inks  the  town.  It  is  15  miles  well  from 
Ment/,  ami  was  formerly  an  Imperial  city;  but  it  is 
now  lubieei  to  the  dean  and  chapter  of  Mentz.  It 
h.is  a  handfome  Hone  bridge  over  the  river  Nahc,  which 
runs  through  the  town,  and  emjuies  itlelf  into  the 
Rhine.  /\  toll  is  levied  here  lor  whatever  jiatles  up 
or  do'>vn  the  Rhine,  which  is  twice  .as  broail  at  tins  pi  ice 
ai  die  Fhame  at  F..oiiifin.  Not  lar  troin  the  town  is 
the  cel.'braied  Bingerloth,  where  the  Rhine  is  conliiied 
beiw.en  two  high  rocks,  which,  with  the  wai-ilill, 
Oiiali  Ml  d  by  tlie  river  Nahe's  emptying  itlelf  there 
'  into  the  R'.iine,  renders  the  pail'age  \eiv  diiiger- 
ous.  At  a  tiiuiU  didaiv.e  liniil  hence,  in  an  illand  or 
'  rock  Oil  the  Rhin.-,  is  the  tainiiis  Moiilethurm,  that, 
is,  the  Mice  or  Rats  'Fower,  lb  called,  as  the  people 
9  L  Fei-i 


il- 


-8         A  NF.W,  ROY.Xr.  ano  AUTH  'N'TIC  SYSTEM  or  I'NIVI.RSAI,  GI.Oc.RAl'HY. 


^.'■- 


here  will  li^vi-  it,  fi.ini  the  lollowiii'j,  iir*  umllinti". 
All  aicliliillvip,  vvlio  li.iil  at'.riMt  amipiiliy  m  '"^mr-, 
ami  iilcil  to  till  '.hem  tlu-  nis  ili.it  c.U '•  ■  .  -orn, 
was,  I'V  tin- Hill  \eni;iMnci' <it  luavin,  lo  |iii!  -il  \mi1i 
r.ifsaml  mi.c,  tint  tii  hi'Ji  In-  lU-ii  to  tliis  t>vMT  t" 
avoul  them,  vet  ihcv  pmliieil  him  ai  roN  tlu'  river,  ami 
at  lenp.ih  licvoiir.d  hmi.  Olhci^  rejtcl  tlii^  Ihny  as 
talnilous ;  ami  think  the  lower  wav  Coialleil.  Inmi  the 
(Jcriiians  giviiij;  the  name  ot  rats  to  the  oihi\rsthat 
were  jilueil  in  it  t.i  levy  the  t^lls,  oKI  I'liiKiiiu'*  lv;n<j; 
geiHTiiHy  ^alh'.l  rac  ivlls. 

Crariberi;is  a  Iniall  town  ruiiated  on  i  nvuiiitain, 
the  inlivlnt mi-  ot  which  aie  partly  I'lottllmiv  ami 
partly  Rom;in  Catholics,  it  cmc^-  lieioiiiinl  to  the  limi- 
gr.\ve  oi  1  lille.  The  ilillrii'l ,  whiili  it  !',ives  n  iim  to, 
contains  Ionic  tine  uooils,  with  gre.it  niinil'eis  ot 
chcliiut  anil  other  trnit  trees. 

Wtvil,  or  Klliiil,  a  fmall  town,  lue  miles  well  from 
Ment/.  has  a  (Ironi;  i.illl.,  aiui  i^  the  capital  ot' the 
Khine^au,  a  tr.iikhinu  ilnv.!  the  Rhiiu-,  ami  verv 
friiittul,  el'iie.i.illy  in  excellent  vines.  There  are  le- 
vetal  other  tm.ill  town*  anil  vl  filers  in  the  Rhine.rui. 

Miltenlnir'_;,on  the  Maine,  contains  atallle,  a  I'lin- 
ciican  cloilU-r,  ami  a  t;\  iiinaliiim. 

Frit/.lar,  a  i)retty  llroni;  tow'n  on  ih.-  r.ver  Kdos 
contains  two  collc|>i.\te  churches,  w  ith  an  I  'rluline  nim- 
ntrv.  It  gives  name  to  a  territorx  whiih  lies  Ixiwixt 
Lower  Utile  an.l  the  coiiiii\  ot  W'aUlet  k,  ami  has 
another  tmall  toun  in  it,  called  Nauiiiburs',,  oi  Num- 
Inirg. 

Belule'i  iIioIl-  alr^wlv  inentioiuil,  there  ■.I'v  kverul 
other  inconlnieraMc  town'-  in  thi-  ekvionic. 

The  Arcliliiilioiinc  and  I'.l'-ctorate  if  Tkhps,  or 
Trkvis,  lie-  betwoen  Colounc,  Berj,  ;\nd  Jiihers,  on 
the  north;  Lorrain  ami  the  I'alatinatc  on  the  louth; 
Lii.xeminiri;  on  ih.well;  ami  Wetterau  on  the  e.all. 
It^exiuit,  Iroin  n^rth  to  li'iiih,  is  about  So  niile-^; 
an  I  lt^  breadth,  liom  call  to  well,  about  (<o.  It  is 
watered  not  oiil\  bv  the  riv^is  Rhine  and  Mol'elle, 
hut  alio  bv  the  ^a.ii  and  Kvll.  On  th"  banks  ot  the 
two  torimr  the  counlrv  i-  populous,  .iiul  truittui  m 
corn  and  wine,  but  elb-whtre  mountainous  and  woodv, 
yet  aboumiing  in  game  and  acid  Ipring!,  as  alio  in 
metal-  and  niinuab  ot  various  kinds. 

The  ttates  eonlill  ot'  the  prelates  iir  abbot';,  wiiji 
the  ri.pr.'llntatives  ot  the  eleruv,  and  ot  certain  towns. 
The  mliabi'unis  are  all  I'apiil-,  except  in  liiJi  plices 
as  the  elector  |ioli'. ibc-  in  (omm'ii  with  other  piincc, 
where  iheie  arelnnc  Vroiellant--.  I'nder  thcarch- 
billiop  arc  5  aichdeacKn',  and,  luli"rdinaie  to  th'le, 
zo  provincial  deans.  The  ancient  'I'rcveri,  liom  whom 
(he  city  ot  Triers  and  the  elictoratc  take  tl.eir  name, 
>verc  a  vuv  w.ulike  i>eople.  Their  general,  Ambiorix, 
cut  oll'.i  whole  Roman  army.  Thev  worlhipped  Mar«, 
and  A])ollo,  t.ll  Coiillantme  ellai^hllied  Ciiull;a:nt\ 
among  ihcm:  but  at  what  time  the  bilnopric  and 
archij:lho|iri  w. re  created  is  uncertain.  Thech'.irch 
ot  Treve-,  liowe\er,  is  commonly  accounted  the  moll 
ancient  in(rTmany.  The  chapter,  whiih  elects  the 
arihtiillujp  trom  among  themlelvcs,  and  make  him 
Iwear  to  a  capitulation,  conlills  of  if>  capiiul.ii  v  can'  'i: , 
all  ot  whom  .ire  ot  noble  delcent.  At  everv  niw 
election  the  po|)e  receives  large  lunis  tor  conlirniati'jn, 
the  pallium,  and  tor  annats,  or  lirll  truits.  Tiie 
archiepikopal  title  is,  "  Bv  the  grace  o!  (iod,  arcli- 
billi'jpot  Tieves.ot  the  '  l')ly  Roman  Kmpire,ihio'.ioh- 
out  G  lul  and  the  kmsdom  ot  Aile-,  arch-eluiri' ellor 
and  ele-i'ir,  and  alio  a'.lnunillrator  ot  I'rum."  Hr  is 
the  tecond  il  vtor  in  rank,  and  at  the  election  o|  an 
cmiieror  ha-  the  Hill  voice.  The  tolls  on  tho  Molt  lie 
and  Rhine,  his  denieCnc-,  and  his  oliice  ot  noble  jJ,uar- 
dian  ot  the  Minors,  with  the  taxe^  belays  on  his  tub- 
jeits,  are  luppoled  lo  bnm^  him  in  ab  'ui  70,co3l.  pir 
annum,  lor  the  t^oveinmeni  ot  t!us  c  L'Ctorate,  and 
the  adminili ration  of  julliee,  bclides  [he  regency  and 
revilion  court,  there  are  th.- two  aulie  iudicatorics,  to 
winch  ap|xals  he  trom  the  interior  loori-.  'I  here  are 
,*llo  two  Ijaritual  high  courts.     Th'.-  hereditary  oliiarj 


are  the  maiOtal,  tin-  chimbirl.iin,  the  fewer,  and  cup. 
heater.  Among  oiIut  jneiogativej,  this  elei'lor  h.is 
power  to  banilh  exco'ini  micitcd  perfiiis  out  ol  the 
eiiijiire,  it  th  y  do  tmt  r.ioiKile  tlunillUe-  to  the 
chinch  within  a  yc.ir ;  ai.d  to  take  poll' lil'ii  of  the 
ell.ues  o(  minor',  till  ilu  v  ;',ie  of  age.  I  le  has  alfo  a 
nnht  to  rt-unite.ill  theli  f. ot  hi- iliocefe,  u|H)n  l.iilute 
ill  heirs,  CO  the  domains  of  lii-»hiirch.  llis  lubicois 
may  apj-cal  to  the  ihunb.r  ot  the  empire-,  in  all  c.iulis 
abov-  :c;  ()  (l"n.'.<'.  Th  ■  rei:ular  iroop>  he  maint.iitu, 
belidc  a  militia,  amount  to  I  eiwitit  1 1  and  i  ico\  U - 
lides  I  li  I -;.;uaiil  ot  ^o  nteti. 

The  il.iei   jl.i.  c-   in  tliii  electorate  aic  th.'  lollow- 
in;', : 

Tilers,  orTrcv^i,  il<c  capital  of  the  anlibilhopiir, 
IS  liiuattd  on  tlie  M'>le'le,  over  whiih  ;t  In-  a  haiid- 
lonie  llone  bridge.  It  is  '  o  mil.  well  ol  M.nt.',  3: 
loutii  (if  Cologie,  and  Si  north,  ot  Siratburj'.  Tins 
cit>  vie-  with  ti'.oll  in  Ivirope  for  antii;ui!y,  h'.vi 
bcm  .1  large  and  1  >U\ 
colony  in   it.      It   wa-- 


to'.ii  bcfoie  Aiiioilli.- letll.d  a 
tree  and  inip^r.il  till  the  ye.r 
I  V'O,  wl'.en  It  wa-  foipii/.'d,  :ind  lubtce'led,  by  its 
arclbifh  >p,  lames  III.  Tie  pri\.!te  luiiMings  are 
\eivmcan;  and  the  cw  ie  riei'lur  well  loriiti'd  or  well 
;:i!i.ibita).  Near  the  c  t  edral,  a  large  Gothic  cdiliee, 
i"-  the  elei^tor's  pai.tce,  wl.iJi  was  a  tew  years  ago  re- 
biiili,  ami  is  aio'erabie  hiiulloni.' Imil'.ling.  Here  aiL- 
;  c  'llegiat'  and  5  paiilh  ihiiiihe-,  1;  ni onallerie.  and 
nuiineiii-,  an  uni\eifitv  t'luiulcd  in  i.y~i,  a  houl't- of 
the  Teutonie  oider,  and  anotlier  ot  that  ot  Malta, 
'Aith  tome  lemains  rii  ihc  .mct'it  Roni.in  liuatre. 

Near  Tiier-  i- a  Im.'.!!  fiwn  on  tlie  Moklle,  called 
I'lab/el,  where,  in  the  ti  ue  ot  the  R.)min-,  llood  a 
palitium.  it  giv.s  nam.  to  .\  el  Itru't,  in  which  i- 
L'onz,  a  borough  on  the  Si  ;r,  o\^r  which  tli.i--  is  a 
bridge  her'',  e  ailed  Confirbruck. 

Coblentc.  is  a  large  town,  liiuateti  near  the  c  influx 
ot  th'.-  M'llelle  antl  Rhine,  J5  mile-  n  Mth-well  liom 
Meni/,  40  loiith-eall  liom  Cologne,  and  5:  north-eall 
trom  Trier'i.  it  i- well  Iniilt,  and  llroiv'b  tortilied; 
has  a  brtdge  >  f  boats  over  the  Rhine,  and  another  of 
llone,  conlillmg  of  14  arches  over  the  .Molelie.  Here 
are  leveral  C"lleg:aie  aivl  other  i  hurches,  l)elidcs  mo- 
nalKries  and  nonneries,  a  gvinnalium,  an  ar  hiepilco- 
pal  leminai  y,  anil  a  i  .vlUe.  Ilu-  Roman-  had  a  tort  at 
this  town  ;  and  iheliill  king-  of  the  I'Vanks  lieciuciuly 
r.iidid  in  it. 

On  the  otlui  fide  ot  the  Kliin,-,  nearlv  oppolite-  t.) 
Cobleiit/.,  I-  1  leiiiiaiillein,  or  i'.biinbreitllein  lallle, 
an  impiegni'.  le  f  >ri,  well  <!tlended  by  out-works,  on 
the  lummit  it  ail  eproi.k\  lill,  which  lommandsthe 
city  and  the  iao  river-.  It  is  eltcenud  one  ot  the 
Ib'ongell  citade'-  in  ( Jcituany  ;  and  the  afceiit  to  it  is 
by  a  winding  roa  I  cut  out  ot  the  rock,  in  the  courle 
of  which  are  tour  handlome  gates.  On  the  outcrmoll 
gate  there  i^  a  ll  .lue  ot  b.ials,  above  15  f.et  high,  re- 
prefenting  th.  Virgin  Maiy,  w!ili  the  ■  t.int  jeliis  in 
her  arm-,  .iiul  .1  lib  m  ■  ne  hand.  l;i  the  middle  ol  the 
citadel  i-  a  lipiare,  on  one  tide  of  which  is  the  governor's 
houle.  The  '  .ther  three  .ire  oi  ciipied  In  maga/.ines  and 
barracks.  Amon;'  oilur  i  uriolities  here  is  a  prodigious 
lannon,  iS  teet  and  a  half  long,  a  foot  and  an  half 
(haiueier  in  the  bore,  and  5  fv.t  4  inches  in  the  breech. 
Tiie  bill  made  lor  it  to  cany  weighs  iSo  poutub,  and 
iischargeot  p  iwder  :- 1^4  pound-.  Acioriiingto  the 
inlcri]iiion  on  It,  it  was  uKid.  in  i-ji'i,  i-yone  .Simon. 
In  another  li|u.iie  1  a  very  tine  lount.un,  being  a  laive 
balon  of  ifoiie,  in  the  centre  ol  whiclv  ll  mds  a  m.irble 
pillar  on  a  br.if- pedellal,  with  tl'C  elector's  arm*',  fur- 
rounded  with  tour  dolphins  ■  |  the  l.ime  metal.  On  the 
to])  ot  this  L'llumn  1  a  llatueol  the  \'irgin  Mary.bruif- 
ing  the  head  ol  the  lerpeni,  wliieh  i-  illo  of  brals.ab.uit 
li.  leet  in  height.  There  la  well  her.',  dugout  ot  the 
rock,  zh'o  t  et  if  ep,  the  water  ol  which  is  clear, 
and  exceedin  :!v  wh  .Llome.  At  the  f  >ot  ot  the  calUe 
i-  an  cle'Moial  pal.iee,  eticloled  on  one  liile  by  the 
Rhine,  and  on  tiie  other  liy  a  rock,  it  i  •  1  ut  an  iiuhi"- 
lereiit  budding  ;  and  the  tipartiiients  ate  low,  incom- 

moJ.ous, 


i 


modioiis, 

ailorncd   w  i 
the    iliapel 
fiull,    IS  ( 
cli.iriiiing  I 
in  ietigth, 
through  tlu 
piirpole,  ai 
C'oblci:t/, 
houle,  and 
(T  tour  'eig 
is  a  hanil!<)i 
mile-  trom 
«)f  orat.irie 
principal  ae 
reliiireitio:' 

Olierw.; 
at  the  fivii 
IS  well   fro 
liee  city,  I 
'I  lieis  ever 
ainl  .1  ver\ 

i  .imbiir' 
has  a  lb  me 
three  iloillc 
:ilf>  is  L.ow 
ter-,  a  vill.i 
celebrateii  i 
nitich  ul'd 
dollar-;  per  ■ 
tin-  b  uhwi, 

Hern    ill! 
and  a  C.ipu 
ill  whli  h  i- 
magum,  on 
hid  a  1  amp 

Witthch, 
rloiller,  am 
name  to  a  ' 
regular,  wl 
ot  tlie  V'lrgii 
In  th,-dillrr 
\hh  in  17  V<;. 

Weir.hb:! 
of  the  Urothi 

.St.  Ma XI 
in  (l.'i;Ti:'ny 
vmcial  ll  .t,« 
burg.  The 
at  fio^'>  due; 
u  Ith  the  nir 


.RAIMIY. 

the  |i  wcT,  anil  cup- 
i»,  tlib  ili("h>r  li.n 

jUTlutH    out    III    till- 

■  tlKnililvc-  to  tl'c 
kc  poll'  liioii  ot  tlie 
i|;('.     i  Ic  JKis  alio  ;i 

.llOClK',  lljX)!!  t.iiluic 

iiiih.  Ill',  luliii'cis 
c-m|iir.-,  iti  all  cuills 
Mc)cip>  lie  inaiiit.iiiii, 

.11    I  1    M\i\    I  iCO",  I).. 

irate  :iiv  tiu-  loiloiv- 

t  ll'i-  uililiilhopiir, 
lii*li  ;i  hl^  a  iiaiicl- 

wtll  ft  Mnt.',  5i 
ni  StiMlbiiiy.  Tins 
>r  aiiiii;iiity,  Inviin; 
f  Aii|Vil''i'^  U'lil.il  .1 
iilKr.ll  till  i1k-  jc,;r 
.\  nilijtdfil,  t  y  Its 
■ivati-  iHiiUliiigs  aii: 
ivi  II  torliti  -il  i>r  well 
.irge  Gothic  cililiie, 
^  tiw  yi'.iis  np,o  rc- 
'liil..lin^.      UtTC  an- 

1  ?  Ill  itialUric  arnl 

11    I  47  J,    U    llnMlc  of 

ot  tliat  ot  Malt:', 
<imiaii  lluativ, 
tlio  Molclli-,  lailal 
!<■  Rim.in-,  lloDil  1 
[■(irii't,  in  uliitli  i^ 
r  uIikIi  lii.r.'  is  a 

cil  luar  I  he  c  influx 

llltv  II  Mtll-Wcll  tlOMl 

u',  anil  51  nnrtli-t.ill: 
1  llroni'K  t'oriitiiil ; 
ine,  anil  another  or 
r  the  M.'leHe.  Here 
III  Iks,  lieliiles  mc- 
iiim,  an  ar  liiepiko- 
{.omaii-  IkuI  a  loii  at 
:ie  Frankh  liet]ueiu!y 

,  nearly  n]ipolite  i.) 
11' ■nlireitllein  lallle, 
il  \i)  out -works,  oil 
Uiili  loniinaiiih  the 
ice:iu  il   oijc   ot   the 

the  atceiit  to  it  is 
roi  k.   111    the  coiirle 

On  the  outerinoil 

1  5  t. et  lii^li,  re- 
t!ie  t.int  Jelus  in 
li  tlieimJillcol  the 
1,1  !i  istlie  governor'^ 
.■li  In  niai;,a/.iiits  aiul 
1  I'.ere  is  a  priiili.^inus 
a  toot  aiul  an  h.iif 
iiivhes  in  the  breei  li. 
IS  I  X-i  poiiiuls,  anil 

Acv  diiling  to  the 

;i',,  !  y  one  .Simon. 

iii.un,  bein"  a  iai^.H- 

iil!i  II  mils  a  in.iriilc 

eieiloiV  anil'-',  Ui;- 

1. line  metal.    On  the 

\'n  (1,111  Marv,hriii(. 

•  illo  III  liral's.ab.iiit 

ler.',  ihigciiit  ol  the 

ol   whii  11    is   cle.ir, 

the  I  'Ot  ot  tlic  lallle 

:i    I'lle    liile    liy    the 

It  i.  1  ut  an  iiuhi'- 

lUs  are  low,  iiitom- 

moJous, 


F.rRorF..i 


HERMAN       E  M  P  I  R  n. 


779 


moilioiis,  anil  much  cvpofeii  to  tlicl'iin;  but  they  are 
ailorncil  with  l)i.uititiil  t.iptlhies  .nil  j),iiniin ',s;  and 
ihe  eliapel  i<  very  elicanl.  The  panlen.  tlnnigh 
fnill,  is  c'lihellilhf'l  with  Itatiie^,  water-  irks,  a 
eliirmmi^  oranp,ery,  ami  a  bower,  more  than  5  o  lect 
in  le;i[i;th,  by  the  (iile  nt  the  Rhine,  tinni  wh.nte, 
tlironi'Ji  the  upenin^s,  whieh  are  well  co.itiiveil  t'^r  the 
lMir|iole,  are  lecii  the  lilillie,  the  Molelle,  the  eitv  ot 
Col'lcut/,  the  briilj^e  airojs  the  Molill.',  the  charter- 
lioule,  anil  .1  very  line  loiintry  t'  the  ilillaiue  ot  three 
IT  lour  leij^iics.  The  way  to  the  chaiter-hmite,  which 
is  alunillomc  biiililing,  beauiitiilly  fim.itcil  alimit  two 
iiiilei  troiu  the  calUc,  h  lull  ot  ihapels,  111  the  manner 
«it'  oratories  ailorneil  wiili  llafia";,  rejifi  leiiting  the 
prmcip.'l  aehons  ot  Oar  SavMiii,  troni  hit  birti;  to  his 
leliiircilii;:!. 

Olierw.Ul  is  liliiatui  on  the  wefl  liile  of  the  Rhine, 
at  tlie  fivii  of  a  hill,  2\  mil.s  I'lUiih  Irnm  L'oblent/,  and 
iS  Well  lioiii  Ment/,,  it  wa^  once  an  liii|>,Tial  aivl 
tiec  my,  tint  has  \■tt;^■n  lulii.i't  to  the  archbilliop  ol 
1  riers  ever  lince  the  year  1  ;i2.  Ii  has  tour  cluiivhes, 
ai-'.l  a  very  large  cafUe. 

1  ,im!uir;;,  a  t^iwii  on  th.c  river  l.ohii,  over  which  it 
has  a  ihine  briilL:,e,  cmt  lins  a  ci  lleiMate  church  with 
iliiee  ihiillcrs,  ami  g.ves  name  to  a  baihwuk,  in  which 
all.>  IS  L.nwer  Rrechen,  a  ihiall  town,  ami  L.ower  Sai- 
lers, a  vilLi'^e  on  the  i',iii(l>.ach.  Near  the  l.ill  is  the 
celelirateii  mineral  Ipiing,  the  waters  of  which  are  fo 
much  III  il  atiil  e\poiti!,  that,  in  17;;,  iS.ooorix- 
(lollars  per  annum  were  otVerecl  for  a  leale  of  it.  In 
liiis  biiliwiik  a'lo  (ilver  has  b,en  finiml. 

Hern'  illle,  on  the  Mofelle,  contain-  a  ftionp;  caftle 
anil  a  CajUii  hin  cloiflcr,  anil  gives  name  to  a  baili.vi.  k, 
in  which  is  a  copper  minei  ami  a  place  called  Novio- 
niaoiim,  on  the  I\l  ilelle.  where  Conitantine  the  Ga-at 
h  111  a  I  amp. 

Wiiihch,  iin  the  river  I  .eler,  contains  a  rrancilian 
rloiller,  and  a  call!.-,  c.illed  Oitcnllein;  and  gives 
n.ime  to  a  liailiuii  k,  m  wh'.cli  is  a  colles^e  ot  canons 
rejiular,  where  aduration  is  paid  to  a  cilebrated  image 
o!  the  Virgin,  and  whither  manv  pilgrimages  are  made. 
Ill  thisdillri't  the  Ireiich  weredefeaied  by  the  Imperia- 
lills  in  17  ;  ■;. 

\\  ellilib:l!ig  i-  a  liivill  t'lwn,  near  which  is  a  cjoillcr 
of  the  brother  of  ihe  Crols. 

.St.  Maxiiiiin  is  one  ol  theoldefl  and  riclied  abbics 
in  (i.imuM.  The  abb  t  is  the  tiill  among  the  jiro- 
vincial  ll.t.s  here,  as  well  as  in  the  duihy  ot  laixeni- 
burg.  The  yearlv  rcveiuies  of  the  abbey  are  tllimated 
at  6o"io  ducats.  Befides  the  bailiw  ick  ot  St.  Maximin, 
with  the  mrifdii'Hon  and  regalia  therein,  to  the  abbey 
belong  alio  the  fJgniory  and  burgiavaie  of  Frcuden- 
huig  on  the  S.iar,  and  otlii  r  ellates,  with  the  luperiority, 
jurildicti.^n,  and  right  "t  taxation  in  theiv. 

VVerhei:';!  is  a  borough,  in  wl-.ich,  and  the  bailiwick 
ivip.ud  Iro.n  it,asbelonging  m  common  to  the  elector  "f 
Triers  and  the  prinie  nf  Nairiu-l'lingen,  both  the 
R  im,in  Caih'4  e  and  I'r'Uellant  religion  are  tolerated. 

Munll.T-M -infeld,  a  Imall  town,  gives  name  to  a 
baili'.Mi  k,  which  yields  loiiie  copp.rand  gold,  and  con- 
tains Canlen,  a  very  an,  lent  borough  on  the  Molelle, 
with  a  collegiate  clunc''i,  ami  a  Fran.ifcan  cloiller. 

Mayen,  a  Imall  town  on  the  Neite,  contains  a 
call'.e,  and  gives  name  to  a  bailiwick-,  in  which  alio  is 
Montreal,  a  tlrong  little  town,  on  the  I'-lz;  ti'gelher 
Willi  K  ivferlel'ch,  a  lniili  town,  and  the  Benedidinc 
abbey  ol  I..' II  k. 

B.ippaid,  a  town  and  cillle  on  the  Rhine,  where  a 
toll  IS  levied,  coiii.iins  ilnve  cloitlers,  and  gives  name 
to  a  bailiwick. 

l'".ngcrs  has  a  lliong  c.ifllc  011  the  Rliiiie,  between 
Cobleiit/  and  Aiuteriia  h,  whiJi  gives  name  to  a 
nei.'Jibinii  iiig  teniioiy.  Hie  is  a  n"ble  bridge,  touiided 
bv  Cono,  archbilliop  ot  Triers,  who  died  in  ijSS. 

The  iijeater  part  ot  t'.ie  Archbilh  ipnc  and  f.ledorate 
of  Coi.oGNK  lies  on  the  welleni  bank  ot  the  Rhine, 
where  it  runs  near  100  miles  in  length;  but  the  breadth 
is  hardly  any  where  more  than  licven  or  eight.     It  is 


bounded  by  iheduchyofC'eves  on  the  nortii,  ami  flic 
el-iMoiatc  of  Tri  IS  on  the  fouih;  the  dm  hy  ot  Julieri 
on  the  well,  and  that  ot  H,rg  on  the  tall.  It  is  a  pla- 
lant  and  truilliil  country,  (eljiei  Lilly  that  pat  liuiateil 
on  the  Rhine,)  ,ind  produce^  excellent  win  ■,  u.rn,  ami 
nioll  ol  the  n.c.ll.iries  uf  llie.  The  archbilliop  is  the 
liipremc  lord  ot  it,  as  alio  of  a  pretty  large  track  ia 
We'lphaha;  and  is  riiher  and  more  potent  than  either 
ot  the  other  two  ecclelia'.lic.il  tieciors. '  His  ilominioni 
contain  5:  towns,  and  about  17  boroughs.  He  hai 
theleiond  liitlrage  in  the  ekvtinal  lolL^ei  'tnci  crowns 
the  cnipeior,  when  the  (crcnony  is  perlonneil  in  his 
own  diottl'e,  or  thole  ot  his  fulfr.V', i:-.''.  Hia  lee  was 
railed  from  a  billiopric  to  an  arclibilh/ptic  in  t!ie  eighth 
century.  1  lis  fiitl'ragans,  at  prefent,  are  the  billiops 
ot  1  ,iege,  Miinllr  ami  Ofnabuig ;  as  were  tormerly 
alfo  thole  ol  L.'trecht  ami  Mindeii;  but  he  h'"  no  au- 
thority 111  I p' rituals  over  the  I'loictl  ints  of  the  bilhi'iiric 
ot  Olnabiirg.  Mis  title  is,  "  Bi  the  gra,  e  ot  ( imi 
archbilliop  of  Cologne,  and  arch-ch  im  cllor  ol  the  lu'ly 
Roman  empire  throughout  Italy;  as  alio  eliiftor  and 
legatus-n.itiis  oi  the  holy  apol\olic  fc,  duke  of  lin- 
gern  and  \\\llpli::|ia,  ^c."  The  right  of  elicfing  the 
emperor,  evchilive  of  the  other  princ.  ,  ilevolvcd  en 
him,  and  the  other  arch-oHiicrs  of  the  empire,  alviit 
the  en  I  ol  the  1  ^tli  century.  The  great  chapter  of 
Cologne  is  one  ol  the  nobLllin  Europe,  conliiting  of 
40  canons,  who  are  generally  princes  or  counts  ol  the 
empire.  Ofthefea;  cluil'e  the  archbilliop,  and  may 
advance  one  of  their  own  body  to  th.it  h.gli  dignitv,  if 
they  are  lb  inclined.  The  revenue  .'.riiing  f  0111  the 
aichbilhopric  amount  to  about  i;o,oco!.  iLrbng;  I  ut 
tin-  elector  IS  I'enerally  polletVed  01  feveral  other  gre.it 
benehies.  He  has  his  hereditaiy  otliecrs  and  hi-  life- 
guards, conlilting  of  halberdiers  and  veoni -n,  b-.-fkles 
a  regiment  of  toot-guard?,  wliicli  make  a  handlomc 
apptarance. 

The  chiet  cities  and  towns  in   this  electorate  arc  as 
follow  : 

Cologne,  the  capital,  which  gives  name  to  the  elec- 
torate, IS  leated  oti  tli"  Rhine,  20  miles  loiith-call 
tiom  Dufleldorp,  16  eall  of  Juliers,  40  north  from 
Coblent/,  60  eali  from  Maellricht,  dS  north  of  Triers, 
70  loutli  of  Miinller,  S2  nerth-well  olMentx  and  Ni- 
meguen,  100  from  Bruliels  and  Aniwerp,  and  120 
troni  Amflicrdam.  It  is  one  ot'  tlie  laitxcll;  cities  of 
Getmany,  aivi  ■  erv  conliderable  on  a  count  of  its 
buildings,  numiier  of  inhabitants,  a:ui  great  trad-'  in 
Rheniih  wine,  and  ;n'..«r  commo-iitics  of  Gcimany, 
which,  by  mean^  of  the  Rhine,  are  Irouglu-  hither, 
and  tianlpoited  to  Holland.  It  is  a  free  city,  being 
governed  by  its  own  lenate,  who  oul.r  and  judge  all 
civil  mattirs  and  caules :  but  criminal  caules  are 
ludgid  by  the  elector.  It  is  called,  by  fonie.  Second 
Rome,  I  ecaule  of  its  lenate,  buildings,  and  extent  ; 
and,  by  others,  the  Ho!\  City,  becaule  o*  the  many 
ihurihcsand  religious  houics  in  it  ;  here  being,  be- 
fides tlie  cathedral,  which  is  a  verv  magnilicent,  though 
up.li'iilhed,  pile,  ten  collegiate  and  ig  parochial 
cluirche-^,  alii)  ^7  monallenes,  and  great  mimb.rs  of 
chapels  and  holpitais.  The  walls  ol  ti.e  city  are  fiankid 
with  S  5 1  .w.rs,andenconi]xiiriil  withihrec  deepditches, 
beautitied  with  line  rows  of  trees;  and  all  the  churJics 
and  hou!e'  are  co'-ered  with  ll.Ues.  Tlie  government  of 
iliis  city  is  in  lix  burgomalleis,  leven  efchevins  or  alder- 
men, and  I  ;i)commiin-coum  il,  who  hold  their  olllres 
dui  iiig  life.  Only  two  ot  the  buigomailers  are  regents, . 
during  a  year,  by  turn".  The  elchevins  are  cho'.en  by 
the  an  hbilliop,  ami  the  council  by  the  co:r, panics  ol  the 
city.  There  are  only  50  of  tlie  council  in  power  f  ^r  a 
y^ar,lo  that  it  returns  to  the  h'.me  pcilons  once  in  iliree 
years.  When  a  liurgoinaller  dies  tlie  council  have  p'  wer 
10  ch.ul'e  another.  Moll  of  the  inhabitants  a;e  I'apifls; 
but  there  atx'many  Protellants,  wh.o  are  their  chiet  tra- 
ilers. The  Lutherans  have  a  church  in  this  eiiy  ;  am!  the 
Calviiiids  one  on  the  other  lide  of  the  RIoiie,  at  Ma  t- 
heim.  Moll  of  the  houfes  of  the  ci'.nons  and  prel  ends 
have  large  g.udeiis    and  vineyards.     In   St.   (jreoii's 

tluncli 


y-i 


\i 


I 


1 1 


?So        A  NF.W,  ROYAL  anp  AUTlTrNTlC  SYSTF.M  ft?  I'NIVF.RSAL  (iroriRAIMIY. 

tliiirchilK-r  prettn.l  toflitw  loooluiilsut  m.iriyr<,\vlio 


lulf^rcil  in  ilu-  (\i^;  I  <>t  M.wimiiMinn-.  Some  u|  th, 
lnn.1'  ot'  tlic  prttkihUd  viiiMn  martyrs,  moll  ii 'Uil  for 
miracl 


Icsaiv  kc|'l,iiu:ik-5i)t  lilvcr,  in  ilic  iliiiuli  ilali- 


I  ID  Si.  I'tIuLi  :  otlicr?  lOvcrcil  wiili  lhi!l~  ot  ^,)Ui ; 
aiiil  loiuf  liav..c.i|><i>t  >  loili  of  (;oKl  .>iul  vilvit.  I  l>rc  is 


alio  .1  lllIIIK',    \M 


th 


iw   Uvci.i 


i<<  iiuirci), 


1  l.i 


Hl.il>  il 


I.  ml  rihc-. 


1 


liioiinh  wliuli  llicv 

IR-     wllolc     ICMIUIC    O 


ami 
noUiinix 


1iiileiu«,  m.iiiv  ot  whom  In-Ralmi  wiili  a  U 


to   1,1-    I 


II'  ht.Uil 


linl  ll 


ic  tolling;  1)1  I  ti 


nr, ;  .1 

IK  r.i 


<l 


ll,    \v!iiili  mull   l)c  lonliiliTaliU'   (ivi'iiliw 


dt  ilu'  olVtrmi's  aiul  jvlts  ir.:u',r  I'V  piUrim.  .iinl  oilu  r 
iUvoiu-s')  IhI  )ti);s  ti)  an  aMifl''-  ami  lix  i.imin.li.s 
wlio  mull  Itc  all  iiuintclin,  to  ilo  lioiiour  to  St. 
Irlula.  In  t!\c  tliunli  ot  ilii' C.ii'niliii,s  tin.- only 
oni"  in  till  lity  whole  altar  is  plan il  to  tlic  cill,  is  a 
pulpit,  the  moil  ma(>;nilii.\nt  in  Colojinc.  In  llic  Cor- 
ikhtr'>  clnirili  is  thi-  tonih  ot  ilif  laiimus  Duns Scotus, 
rurn.mui!  ilif  SiKilf   IKkUh,  on  uimli  i--  in;;r.ivi.i!   i 


alio,  "  That  tluM\-  arc  as  nianv  i  Inin  lii-i  anil  cli  ipi  K  in  it 
asilavs  in  th.-  viar;  that  llit-i  arc  very  t^vv  laniilics  of 
ipiality;  that  th.c  \uli;ar  arc  txtrcnicly  clownilli;  ami 
tli.it  the  nolil.incn  ol  the  chiptir  llay  no  loiipjcr  in 
to.sn  than  ihtii  iluty  ol)li(rts  iIkmii."  As  a  Iriv  Inipi-- 
n.il  mv  it  lu>  a  Icii  aiul  Noiic  at  tlu-  liiits  ol  tin-  iiu- 
put  ami  cink';  in  the  toinur  of  wliitii  ii  has  ilic  lull 


Rh 


!h  Iv-nh 


place  on  tin- 

(>ii  the  otlur  ilile  ol  the  Rhine,  diici^ly  oppoHir 
Cohu;tic,  is  a  villaj^i.' cilLiI  D.iit/,  inhalntiil  (.ineliy 
I  y  Jews  toKraieil  hy  the  tleclor;  but  tluy  ari-  iii't 
lulll'icil  to  Ciller  the  city  without  a  guinl,  nor  to  lie 
oiv  night  in  it;  ami  ihcvpav  a  llorinol  f;olii  tor  evi-ry 
hour  they  llav.  The  Jews  in  Dan/,  liv.-  Ii\  fatteinn^ 
herik  of  I'uim.-  for  the  Chiillians;  I'o  tliat  more  !  eaii> 


lliis  ipaapih:   .•'iC.'iis  me  i^tnuil ;    Aniu  mf  Ju/ifpit ;  j    iliin  men  an'  lien  in  the  llieets,  which  arc  lAtremcly 
(Ja'.li.i  me  doiutt;  I'.tloma  me  tenet .     Amon(>  other  '  u-  j 
rioluiesni  the  call. eilral,  lliev   llievs  the  lomlis   ot   the  I 
ihiee  wile  men  that  caaic  to  Aoiihiponr  S.uionr,  calhil  j 
from  luMce  the  three  kin^s  of  Colo;;ne.     Tlu\  he  in  a  I 
larjic  purple  Ihrlne,  Ipan.jeil  with  (;"lil,  let  upon  a  pc-  | 
ilell.il  of  lirals,  in  t!ie  nuiklle  of  a  lijuaiv  mai;|oKum,  1 
laceil  within  aiki  wiiliout  withmarhle  ami  lalpir.    It  i*  | 
openni  every  morniiij^al  nine  oM  ii  k,  it  two  ol  ilieia-  . 
lions  of  the  citheJral  are  prelent,  where  thele  kiii;^-.  are 
lei'M  1\  ing  at  full  ltnj;tli,  v.  ith  then  lieail-  heileckid  with  ' 
a  crown  ofi^.lil,  [;.unillieil  with  precious  lloms.  Their  i 
names,  which  are  Cialp-  r,  Melchoir,  aiul  Halilialar,  are 
in  purple  characUrs,  iipiii  a  little i;iate  el  the  lame  me- 
tal with  that  lxh)re  the  lluiiie,  whiih  i-  ailoineii  with  an 
inlinite  number  ot  large  iiih  pearls  anil  precious  Hones, 
particularly  an  oriental  top.iz,  as  lug  as  a  ])i.;eon'  epg, 
valued  at  a'.Hive  ;,l\o3o  crowns.  Over-againll  ihem  are 
fix  large  braiHlus  of  filver,  with  v^ax  candies,  which 
burn  night  anJ  il.iv.     It  is  laid,  ilie  bones  ol  llufemen 
were  broua.ht  to  Conllaniin  pie  I'y  I  Kleiia,  tlie  motlier 
o:  Coiiflanii:ie;  uoni  thence  to  Nli'an,  I'V  Kutorpm?, 
biiliop  of  iliat  Ice;  and  afterwards  to  this  i)lace,  bv 
anhbifhop  Ramokl. 

Here  i>  ri  very  lloiirifliing  univerfiiy,  rc-eflablillied 
by  I'rban  VI.  in  i.;SS.  The  toivn-houfc  is  a  vail  fa- 
bric, alter  the  (iothie  manner,  wh.re  are  levtral  rooms 
adeinni  witli  no'.ile  paintings;  and  others  lull  of  bow'-, 
arr>'ws,  buckler*,  and  all  lorts  ol  antiipie  arm^ ;  jiarii- 
ctilarh  a  crol's  bow  of  whalebone,  12  feet  loiv^,  S 
inches  broad,  and.  4  inches  ihiik.  From  the  tower  of 
this  iioule  iheie  is  a  beaulifcl  prolpeci  of  the  city  and 
countrv.  On  the  liont  of  it  is  the  ligure  of  a  man 
in  liatl")  Relievo,  engaged  wi;h  a  lion,  leprelenting 
one  ot  their  burg omallers,  wIjo,  having  cx.ifperateil 
their  dcigy,  tluy  put  in  a  li 'n  upon  hmi,  wiiieh  he 
flew  on  the  l"|Jot.  In  tlie  giand  hall  are  li'.c  |iiehires 
with  inluiiiiions,  to  perpetuate  the  memory  ot  the 
battle  of  iloehilet.  Seve.al  e  cUliallual  coiir.cils 
have  been  held  h  re;  the  full  in  t!ic  year  ;.|6.  Ano- 
ther was  held  b\  Charlem.agne's  order,  in  ilic  eighth 
te'ntur\ -,  and  feveral  in  the  ninth,  |or  reformation  of 
manners,  againll  incelhious  marriages,  and  oppn  Ihon 
ot  the  ])oor.  The  jiope  generally  his  a  nuncio  here,  to 
take  e.nc  ol  his  interelU  vvith  the  IVipilli  clei'b.rs. 
Though  the  eledor,  by  hisollicers,  adnii.iiilers  iullice 
in  all  cinmnal  caules;  yet  to  jealous  are  the  citi/ens  of 
him,  that  ilie\  will  not  permit  him,  in  perlon,  toreliele 
above  tiiitedays  at  a  time  in  tliecitv,  nor  to  come  into 
it  with  a  gieai  train;  lor  which  reai'on  he  j'cnerally  re- 
jides  at  Kunne.  Cologne  was  made  an  ari  hhilliopric 
'"  755^  ^'I'U  in  1260,  entend  into  the  llanleatic 
league.  it  lus  the  pieced-.iue  of  all  the  Imperial 
cities  and  IS  loriilied  in  the  anuent  manner.  |i  has 
upwarils  of  2j  gales,  guarded  iiy  the  iiiilitia,  which 
conlill-  ol  tonr  conip.nits  of  foot;  but  liie  llreees.  in 
general,  arc  dirty,  and  badly  javed;  and  the  windows 
tompoled  ot  Imall  round  ])iece'  ol  <'la(s. 

A  late  traveller  lay-,  "  though'  this  is  one  of  the 
grcatefl  cities,  it  is  one  of  the  molt  melanchnlv  in  lui- 


fupe;    ilicrc  being  great  numbers  of  piiell!,    friars, 


lililiv  and  il!-pavid;  ami  the  lioulcs  are  built  waii 
pieces  ot  timber  intermixed  wiili  cLn'.  The  princi- 
pal buildings  belonging  to  tlu-  vill.ige  are  a  H  ndlie- 
luie '.onvcni,  aiui  a  p.uocliial  ehurcli  on  the  brink  of 
the  river. 

Bonne,  the  ufual  pl.icc  of  refdeni  c  of  tlie  ele.'tor, 
IS  lituated  on  the  wellern  tide  of  ihc  Rhine,  15  mik» 
loulli  1)1  Cologne,  iS  norlh-well  tioni  Cobleiit/.,  21 
loiiih-eall  irom  julieis,  j^  noiih-eall  tioni  Treves, and 
112  iu);th-\\ell  trom  Meiii/'.,  in  a  liuitlul  countiy,  wlmh 
p.roiUkes  veiy  good  wine.  Tiie  woods  abomul  with 
vaiieiv  ol  game,  .is  does  a  ridge  of  mountain',  on  both 
tides  of  the  Rhine,  from  lienie  as  lar  as  IJingen.  It  is  .1 
fmall  city,  but  well  inhabited.  The  ekclor's  palace, 
lituated  in  the  callle,  is  a  very  elegant  and  fpatimis 
building.  The  diuri  lies  are  llaicly,  elpecialiy  thecoUe- 
giate,  iledicated  to  the  martys  Calhiis,  I'lorentiiis,  and 
.Mahilius,  whole  bodies,  with  feveral  others  ot  the  fa- 
mous Theban  legion,  are  laid  to  be  buried  in  it,  being 
brought  hither  by  St.  Helena,  whotounded  ihis  church 
to  their  honour.  The  to.vn-houfe  is  well-built,  aivl 
adorned  with  line  paintings.  1  his  was  tormerly  an  Im- 
jierial  city,  but  is  now  liibicct  to  the  elector.  In  the 
bailiwick,  to  ,  liich  the  tov.'n  gives  name,  are  feveral 
ek\"toral  ple.ifure-houles;  and  a  tmall  town,  called 
Heymertlen,  on  the  Krllt. 

Anderm:;ch  is  a  town  on  the  Rhine,  fituated  about 
20  mik"  louih-eail  ot  Bonne,  upon  the  confines  of 
the  cIcClc  rale  ol  Triers,  ami  the  duchy  of  Juliers,  It 
was  formcly  a  free  and  Impel ial  my,  but  is  now  fub- 
jie't  to  the  .kcior  ol  Cologne.  Alter  it  liad  lain  a  long 
time  in  rums,  it  was  rebuilt  in  1520.  It  is  fortilieil 
uith  a  wall,  laflle,  and  bulwarks;  is  the  boundary  be- 
twixt this  archliilliopnc  and  that  of  Treves;  and  has  a 
cullom-lioule  belongin<;  to  Cologne;  but  its  princijial 
irade  is  bv  lodging  pall.  nger"!.  In  1702  it  was  taken 
In  the  piincc  of  I  IcIleCaliel,  the  more  to  llreighteii 
Bonne,  which  wa'  th'  n  Mocked  up  by  the  conletleiau?. 
This  is  mentioned  as  one  of  the  lortielies  whieh  Drulus 
built  to  awe  the  (krnians;  and  it  is  believcil,  that  Ca- 
ligula, his  fon,  was  born  liere.  It  is  the  hamlliimell 
and  largell  of  all  the  towns  from  Bonne  to  Triers.  It 
has  three  conlideiable  monalleries  in  it,  and  feveral 
chiirche";,  the  chiel  of  which  has  two  twin  lleeples,  not 
unlike  the  towers  of  Notre-Dime  at  I'aris.  Two  com- 
panies of  liildieis  aic  kept  here  by  the  chapter  ol  Co- 
logne. In  the  baihwii  k,  10  which  the  town  gives  name, 
isanabbvy  called  St.  Thomas;  and  Rens,  or  Rees,  a 
fmall  town  on  the  Rhine,  near  wlfu  h  is  a  remarkable 
[licce  of  antii]uity,  calkd  the  Konigllulh,  a  large  round 
building,  of  tree- Hone,  relling  on  nine  pillars,  theaf- 
cent  to  whi,  li  is  by  28  Heps.  In  this  building  the  elec- 
tors tormerly  met  toconlult  about  the  choice  of  an  em- 
peior,  and  otii  r  weighty  matter-;  and  fomc  cm]).rork 
iiave  aetualh  been  elected  here. 

Zulpich,  or  Zukh,  a  tiiiall  town,  gives  name  to  1 
bailiwick  entire'. v  lurrounded  by  the  diiihv  of  Juliets. 

Konigsleld,  a  borough  and  citadel,  gives  nametoa 
dillrict,  in  whicli  ii  a  C\irmelitc  cloiller,  and  a  famous 
mineral  Ipiin^. 

Nuys, 


them; 


APHY. 

V  with  a  (one;  •""' 
Drld!.."  IL-  i.iM 
csatiil  tlnpi  Is  in  It 
cry  t>w  l.irnilii.s  of 
•Iv  clowiiilh;  aiul 
It.iy  nn  Ioniser  in 
Ai  a  Iri'i:  linpi  - 
I'  'lilts  ol  till-  iiii- 
lith  ii  lias  ilic  liill 

,  iliicaly  ()]ip(ifii- 
iiili.iliitiil   liiiflly 

Imh  liny  an.-  ii.t 
a  i;u.iri!,  iim  to  lio 
in  ot  f',olil  tor  cviiy 

livf  li\  t'.itii-iiin;^ 

that  more-  hcail* 
liu'li  arf  lAtrcmfly 
iilc'>  arc  luiili  Willi 
.l.i\.     TIk'  pruui- 

.■  an-  a  H  tKclit- 
ri.li  oil  the  I'riiik  it" 

IK  f  of  tlic  cIi.',tor, 
If  Riiinc,  I?  n)ili» 
tiom  Ci)l)lcnt/.,  2  1 
III  Irom  'i"ri'Vcs,an'l 

lUll  Cnuiltiy,  UJIK  It 

fvoods  ahoiirul  u  ith 

mountain',  on  iiotli 

II  as  Hiiiiri-n.   It  is  a 

"la-  iLjtor's  palacf, 

i.f;ant  ami  I'pations 

ilpi'cialiy  thciolk'- 

!iis,  Moivmiiis,  and 

r.il  oilicrs  ot  the  fa- 

.•  hunc'd  in  it,  licini; 

toiiniltd  lhi^  cluirih 

Ic  is  WLll-hiiilt,  aivl 

wa.  t'ormirly  an  Im- 

thi-  elector.     In  the 

■s  name,  arc  fcvcral 

Imall   town,    called 

hiiie,  (Itiiatcd  about 
jion  the  confines  of 
uchy  of  Juliirs.  It 
ity,  hut  |s  now  llih- 
er  it  had  lain  a  li)ng 
520.     It  is  fortified 

is  the  l)oundary  l)e- 
;  Treves;  ami  iias  a 
le;   hut  its  principal 

1702  it  was  taken 
f  more  to  llreiglueii 
liy  the  contedeiatiF. 
tieli'es  which  Drului 
s  believed,  that  Ca- 
It  is  the  liandllmiell 
onnc  to  Triers.  It 
s  in  it,  and  teveral 
vo  twin  lleeplcs,  not 
t  I'aris,  Two  com- 
the  chapter  ot  Co- 
lie  town  gives  name, 
d  Rens,  or  Rees,  a 
lii  h  is  a  remarkal'le 
i^llulh,  alar^eround 
nine  pillars,  tlieaf- 
ns  Imilding,  theelec- 
tlie  choice  of  an  em- 
and  fume  em])..rorii 

'n,  gives  name  to  1 
r  (hii  li\'  ol  Julieis. 
lei,  ;;ives  namet'i  a 
iiller,  and  a  lamoiu 

Nuys, 


KURcrr.j 


0  F,  R  NT  A  N'      E  M  1'  I  R  T.. 


78. 


Nti\".,  a  tortitled  to'.vn,  near  the  conflux  ot  tii 
Rliini-  ami  l.ilVi,  has  a  brilk  trade,  ami  contains  a  lol- 
Ki'.e  of  I  anoiis  re>.Mjlar  4)1  Si.  A.i  jiilline.  It  h  I  I  out 
a  fitRc  to;  a  whole  vcar,  anaintl  Ciiail  s  ihe  l^ildduki 
or  Uiirnuiidy;  lor  winch  j;ieai  pinil  ^  s  Mere  i^rintvii 
to  It  hv  llie  emperor  I'tedeiii  k  l\'. 

7.<iW  a  lliia!!  town,  with  .•»  .allle.  on  the  Rhne, 
w'iiiih  (;i\es  n.ime  to  a  baili^iik,  continis  aiiotlir 
linall  town,  lalKii  Wering,  or  \Veiiiij;aii,  and  a  pre- 
inonllialeiili  ui  abbev . 

KiitV.rUliied.  a  linall  town,  contains  a  caflle,  and 
pivis  name  to  a  louiii)  vnIirIi  b.  Iohj".  to  a  branch  wl 
the  hotiieol  Saltn. 

AlirweiLr,  a  Tmall  town  on  the  .Mir,  is  not  d  for 
pioijui  ill!'  I  X  client  win; . 

The  ilillrKi  .  ilKd  ilic  I'alitinatc  of  the  Rhine  i. 
divided,  bv  the  Rhine,  into  two  parts,  .he  I'pperaiid 
Lower  I'aliiinalc,  Thet'inur  lies  in  the  circle  ol 
Bava:i.i,  an  1  bi  lonj;s  ti  the  i  lector  thereof ;  but  tlie 
Litterbin  the  CjIcIc  we  are  now  treating  (lt)be^>nt;^ 
to  the  elector  |>alitine.  The  Lower  I'alatinate  i- 
boiiiuled  on  theealt  by  the  county  of  Cat/i  ncllebogcn, 
tlu  arilibifhoprii.  1)1  Nleni/.,  the  bilhopric  <  f  Wcjniis, 
ami  (tart  of  ihe  territory  of  the  Teutonic  order  ui  Fiaii- 
co'iia;  on  the  Wilt  liv  Allm-,t!ie  duihy  of  Deux-l'onts 
l.ic  coiiiitv  of  Spanheiiii,  ihe  ilucli"  ot  SmiiiKin,  and 
certain  diliricts  ot  the  elerlorate  of  Ment/. ;  on  the 
north  b\  part  ol  the  ai\  libilbopric  oiNLii:/,.  and  the 
county  ol  Cat/.ciielleboj>en;  and  on  the  lini.h  bv  the 
ducliv  ot  Wertembini;,  and  the  bilhopric  of  Spire. 
Jt  contain^  41  town,  belidch  teveral  boroup,iis;  ami 
its  grcatill  I  xient  is  aliout  So  miks.  The  air  is  hcalih- 
ful,  and  the  I'o.l  tiuittul  in  corn,  pillura^e,  wine,  to- 
bacco, and  all  Ions  of  poll.-  and  iruits,  particularly 
walnut'-,  chefnuis,  and  almonib.  This  country  alio 
breeds  abiiiuLuKe  ol  cattle,  and  is  well  water. d  by  tliL* 
Ncckar,  the  Nahe,  and  the  Rhine.  In  the  lall  ot 
thele,  near  Ci.rmcrllKim  anil  Seb/.,  is  found  gold,  the 
exilulive  right  ot  learthiiig  for  which  is  farnieil  out  by 
lilt  eleclor. 

The  llate  of  re!igion  has  v.uiel  greatly  here  fince 
tlie  icf iimatioii,  Lntheianniii  and  Calvinifm  having 
lurn  ujipemiod  by  tuln^,  till  the  ehiloi ale  devolved 
to  ihe  I'opifli  biaiii  lies  of  the  laiiiilv,  when  l'o|)ery, 
with  all  Its  fuperllitioii,  was  eflahlilhed  an, w;  fo  thai 
the  I'idteltant  religion  is  now  on  a  very  preeariou- 
footinjj,  in  the  Palatinate;  though  mofl  of  the  iiati\i' 
are  llill  of  that  peilualion.  The  two  leits  of  I'rotell- 
ants,  the  Lutherans,  and  Calvinills,  have,  indeed, 
greatly  contributed  to  iheir  own  ruin,  by  their  mutual 
jealoiil'y  and  aniniolitv;  biingiio  let- rancouius  ag unit 
one  .iiiotlkr,  than  againll  their  common  adverfaries  ihe 
I'apills.  The  l^utheraiis  reckon  themleives  jo.ooo 
Ihong,  and  are  pollelieil  of  about  S ;  chtiiche^v  but 
not  one  lial*  ol  iheir  [iieachers  and  Ichoohualiers  hive 
a  couipetent  mainitnance.  Tlie  number  of  Calviiiill 
clcr.!,y  here  is  elUmated  at  300,  and  that  of  the  Roman 
Catholics  at  400.  Betides  I'ehools  and  Je'.uits  colle!j,es 
in  this  country,  th  re  is  one  univerliiy,  liameb ,  tliat 
of  Heiileltierg;  but  there  is  v^ry  little  trade  in  it  except 
in  wine.  Authors  are  divided  abcjut  the  origin  ot  the 
name  Palatines,  or  !'fal/gra\e-,  as  the  (leriiians  cah 
them;  but  it  teems  moll  hkelv  to  be  ileriveil  tVom  the 
palatia,  orpafues,  whi  h  ilu  old  hrankilh  and  Cier- 
nian  kings,  and  Roman  emperors,  were  |iolH-lied  of  in 
dill'cient  parts  ot  the  country,  and  over  which  lliev  ap- 
pointed fupreme  flc.vards  or  ludges,  who  were  ealled 
I'alatiiies,  or  Plalzi;rave--.  The  countries  where  thele 
Palatines  kept  their  couits  were,  I10111  them,  1  ailed 
Tal.uin.itcs,  wiii  ii  name  came  at  l.ill  to  iieappropiiited, 
by  way  ot  emiiienee,  tothis  lounirx,  as  biingilie  m<  ll 
coiiiiJr.ral>le  of  them.  The  amient  ileeloral  hue  laii- 
iiig  in  I'vi ;,  the  eLctorate  devolved  to  Philip  William, 
duke  of  Neuiiurg;  and  up  n  the  death  of  his  leeoml 
fon,  Charles  Philip,  to  the  priii,  e  ol  Sult/.bach.  This 
elector  has  ihe  title  ol  an  h-trealijrer  of  the  empire,  as 
well  as  the  eleflor  of  Brunl'ivic-Luneiiburg,  and  is  the 
fifth  in  rank  among  the  lecular  eLcLors,  He  is  alfj  one 
No.  71. 


of  the  vicars  of  the  Cfnpire,  alternatelv  with  the  elcclor 
of  Hivaiia,  and  eiiioys  many  oilur  prerogatives,  in 
h  5  own  dominion-  he  dif'poles  of  all  vacant  ben.  lices; 
hut  al'ows  the  ecLlelialli.al  council,  tompofed  of  two 
cleriM  men  and  twi.  laynicr.,  lO  pr  lent  two  candid  ites, 
o,'  whi.  h  he  iliules  one.  hL  1  all.)  m.itler  of  .all  the 
lythcs  in  Ins  ifmi  noils;  but  h.- either  grant  thin  to 
the  cler|;v  or  lalaiics  in  lieu  of  them,  out  of  the  reve- 
nues of  ili  churili.  Histitle  i,  '•  l'l.l/gia\e  ol  the- 
Rhne,  aiih  tre.iliiier  and  elee'bir  ol  tie  holy  Roman 
eiiipi.c;  ili.ke  of  Bivaria,  Ju'icrs,  Cleve-,  and  H.ig; 
piin  cut  Mors;  ;ii.m|uis  of  Bergen -op-'/oom;  count 
of  Vildeiis  S|ianlKiiii,  the  Mirk,  and  Ravnifburg, 
and  lord  ol  R.ivenllein."  In  this  louniry  is  an  order 
ol  knigliiho  10.1  called  St.  Hubert, th.e  bulge  o|  nhiJi 
Is  a  ipiadrangle  I  r.  Is  pi  iidani  to  a  red  ribl'.on,  with  a 
It  it  on  the  bi -I'll.  The  whole  of  the  ekc'toi's  revenue 
aiiiiiig  from  ill,-  Pal.itinate,  the  duchies  of  Berg  and 
juii.r-,  the  liij^m.iry  ol  R.ivinllein,  and  tlie  duchies 
ol  N  iNurg,  and  Sult/.bach,  liaili  been  cllimat.  .1  at 
about  300, r.ool.  per  annum.  The  military  ell.;b!ilh- 
nient  coniiils  of  lev,  ral  ie|',imeiits  ot  li.irl'e  and  toot, 
b  lilies  the  hii'le  r.nd  Swils  hfe-uu.ards.  Ail  the  dif- 
ii  lit  couits  and  councils,  utual  in  other  countries  tor 
ii.e  diif'ereiit  deparinieiits  of  government,  are  alio  to 
iie  tound  here. 

'Ihe  mod  n  ip.arkable  towns  and  places  in  this  Pala- 
tinate aic  a^  follows: 

MeuLlb.rg,  the  capital  of  the  Pal.itinate,  10  miks 
liom  Manheiiii,  12  from  Spire,  3b  from  hranktort, 
and  •;  ir  'in  Mentz,  is  htuated  near  the  river  Neckar, 
ill  a  g  )od  a:r,  and  encoinp;-.(l'ed  on  all  (ides,  e.xeept  to 
tlie  Will,  Willi  hilb  covered  with  wines.  It  takes  its 
n.ime  fr.im  I  leiilel,  which  lijinilie-- a  m\  rile,  and  Berg, 
amoii''aiii;  there  being,  or  having  been,  iil.iiiyof 
thole  tries  on  the  mountains  in  tlie  iieighbuurh  -oil. 
it  i-  an  amient  citv,  ami  has  been  freiiuently  bJie^'cil 
and  t.iken,  plundered  ..nd  ikllroyed.  Tl-.ough  it  b  at 
pielent  linall,  it  is  neat,  and  well  built.  Tiie  elect'  rd 
palace  is  an  antique  building,  but.  Handing  on  a  liiil, 
coinniinds  a  fine  product.  A- 1'>  the  faiiiou  library 
lure,  many  valuali.e  books  and  manuleripis  were  t.iken 
liom  It  111  i(>2.i,  fivheii  geiiei.d  'I'lib  made  iiimi'elf 
mailer  ot  the  town,)  and  lent  to  Rome,  Vienii;,  and 
M'.iiiich.  The  pro|'i||;ii;,  of  the  uniierllty  here  are 
paiiiy  CilviiiilU,  and  p:irtl\  R"man  Cailioli.s.  The 
C.dvinills  have  alto  a  i;ymnalium.  Of  the  churches, 
loine  b.loiig  to  the  Calvinills,  lome  to  the  Luther.ins, 
and  tome  to  the  Roman  Cathohe-.  In  a  college  calleil 
the  S..pience,  wliuh  belongs  t'l  the  Calvinills,  12  poor 
lluilents  are  provided  with  iodging  and  b'lard. 

Oppoliieto  1  iiidelber;;  i^  a  I'.il;Ii  ni'iuntain,  on  whiih 
till  R  iii.in-had  acallle,  a.iil  which,  by  lome,  istliought 
to  be  the  Mons  Pvuis,  mentioned  by  Aininianus  Mar- 
cclhnus.  It  is  now  c.ilkd  the  ll.'b  Miuntain,  iVoni  a 
cloilter erected  on  it  in  102;,  to  which  freiiueiit  jii'gri- 
mag^s  are  mad".  Tiie  famous  tun  here,  which  ibj.-d  in 
a  cellar  under  one  of  the  towers  ot  the  electoral  |)alace, 
ami  contained  (lOO  hoglheadsof  wine,  was  dellroyed  by 
t!ie  Liemli  in  i6;-;ti;  but  the  elect. ir  Charie--  Lewis 
laiiletla  new uue  lo  be  made,  which  is  much  more 
coi'lulerable. 

l'J,L,lu  miles  well  of  Ileidell-erg,  on  the  call  lide  of  the 
Rhine,  ll.iiuls  M.iiili.'im,  the  pi.ice  where  the  elector 
olu.dly  lelides.  It  is  one  ot  the  lined  towns  in  (ier- 
luany,  ami  llrongly  lortiliuli  but  it  labours  under  two 
eipital  diladvantages,  the  want  ot  go.id  water  and 
wh'lefome  air.  The  elecloral  palace  is  one  ol  the  inoll 
ma.inilicent  111  Europe,  and  aintams  a  gr.ind  collection 
'it  paintings,  brought  liuher  Irom  l")ii.leliloip,  beli.les 
antiquities  ami  cuiioliiies  among  wliieli  is  the  cr.'un 
ol  the  unhapjiy  l''reilerick  V.  kin.',  oi  Bohemia.  The 
three  religions  tolerateil  in  the  ciii;'ire  have  i  luiivhes 
inthiscit\.  Here  is  alfo  a  Jcwilh  1\  na.',0:;iie,  with 
a  Cajiuchin  and  Carmelite  cL:i:tcr.  S.iiie  ma.v.iiac- 
tiires,  and  a  conlideralile  traik,  are  earn. d  ,.11  m  this 
town;  the  latter  chieliy  by  tlie  je\\r,  lome  ei  whom 
are  Vvry  nch. 

y   M  Bachai-iclv 


i 


t  ;,J 

.4 


■ifl; 


rnl 


A  NEW,  ROYAL  and  ArTITRi>JTIC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAPHY. 


i 


m 


^I^J 


RuliaMi h  is  a  town  on  the  Rliinf,  iIk-  11:1111  ■  ot 
wliiili,  as  tome  ini.iginf,  is  a  corruption  ot  l{.i>  lii 
Ara.  i.e.  the  .Mt.ir  ot  Hicclius;  tliciv  Iniiii!,  a  lUme 
v]'\y  'liti  to  It,  on  thf  Rhine,  (haped  hke  an  ahai,  aiul 
i.il'.ctl,  by  the  inhibitint',,  the  ahar-llHK,  upon  wlii  h, 
it  is  thought,  vi. tins  were  Ir^iiiKnth  oliuvil  t>>  Mu- 
c'uis,  the  iivi.'.Mxnirinj;  eoiintry  yielJin.;  Miili.'.dine 
wine.  The  inlialiitants  he.e,  as  in  all  othtr  i.'uns  ut 
thel'alatinaie,  aiv  a  medley  ot'C.uh  >lii.N  LuiheiM'is, 
;uul  Calvinills.  The  town  i  oniains  a  eloiller;  a.iu  on 
a  m  Hintain  n.ar  ii  llamls  the  calUe  ot  S;,ileck. 

Oppenhtim  ll.unl-onahill  near  the  Rhine,  and  wis 
(Hue  an  Inip.Tial  tree  eiiv.  In  i^,SS  and  I'lSij  it  was 
laid  walle  In  th.  Fr.neh,  as  wlu  liiepiiiu  ipal  1  lwn^  of 
the  r.ilatinate;  hut  it  has  lime  reuivered  ill'eit'.  All 
the  three  ieli;j,ioiis  have  chiiri  lies  here. 

l;ii;leheiiu"is  a  boroiij;!)  on  ihc  S.I/,,  in  whieli  Sehal- 
tian  \lunll.r,  ilie  '.'.eocvraiilier,  and,  as  lonie  tiimk, 
C'har!eniag,ne,  ilie  v  iiijieror,  were  born. 

I'rankenihal,  a  eoiuiderablctown,  wa-  tormeily  tor- 
tilied,  but  alK-rwards  laid  waiU-,  and  diiinantled  In 
tik  rr.mh.  In  i-}C  p-  :'.'.  i-i  i\  ile'j, -s  w.ie  promikd 
to  all  I'rotellint^  and  Roman  Catholie-  who  ll.ould 
tome  and  letile  in  it. 

Al/.e\ ,  on  the  riw,  Sel/,  eontaiiis  a  callle,  with  a 
church  tor  each  o|  die  three  religii  ns,  ami  jj,ivis  name 
to  a  liailiwitk.  In  the  neighbiurl.ood  ot  this  tnwn  is  a 
Hone  monument,  eiencil  in  memory  ot  a  dangerous 
leap,  which  the  ekoior  Fcd,ritk  I\'.  made  over  a 
veiy  broad  dtih,  on  horlebaik. 

Neulladt,  on  tlv.  Han,  ha^acolkg^,  a  gymnatium, 
anil  iiives  name  10  a  bailiuitk,  whieli  viekts  an  exce!- 
lent  \>iiK',  and  lontains  r.\vial  liiiall  t  iwns.  Near 
N'euft.idt   i,  a  callh. 

Germerlheim  is  a  laiiie  io.\n,  with  a  ealllc,  tituated 
on  the  Rhine,  wheri.-  ii  i-,  join.d  hy  the  (jiieivk,  and 
wiiere  is  a  iirolitabk-  iilhery  and  a  gold  walli.  The 
emperor  Rodolph  1.  ot  I  laplbuij;,  di^d  in  this  town, 
which  is  I'uppvi'.ed  10  bj  the  \  leus  Juhanu^  ot  the  Ro- 
mans, and  give^  name  to  a  bailiwick,  eoniaining  alio  a 
commandery  ot  the  order  1  t  St.  Jolm,  iog(.thi.r  u  itli 
Icvcral  Imall  town-  on  ilu'  Rhiiie.  At  Sel/.  is  a  gold 
wafli ;  and  at  the  lame  |  1  u  e  was  anrienth  a  nolile  pr^- 
voillhip,  the  revLiiueb  ul  w  hi.  hare  now  cnjviyed  bv  the 
Roman  Catholic^. 

Molbich  uiiuains  a  callle,  with  ehurehes  Ivlonging 
t  I  the  three  reliiiions,  and  lias  a  manutaoloi\  ot  lii'th. 
It  gives  nanv-  !■  i  'laillwit!  in  which  are  le\vial  lowii', 
]»artiililarlv  Sin/laim,  wlui  there  i^  a  'argc  ihulUi 
l;elonging  10  the  I'lanciican-. 

Ladenhcr;;,  i--  an  am  ient  town  on  the  NVckar,  16 
miles  Irom  Heidelberg,  of  uli;i:!;  (HR  liall  l-rmerl)  iie- 
i  mgeil  to  the  eleclor,  and  the  other  to  the  liilliwj)  ol 
Worms;  but  now  tic  whole  i^  the  elect  ir'-.  In  the 
time  ot  the  Romans  it  wa.  named  Liipoduaum.  ILr. 
are  ei.urclies  ot  three  rchuion-. 

isrclteii  is  ii'iteil  lor  b.mg  the   ! 
Melanc'thon. 

W'cmliciin  i'  a  town  lituated  in  the  tincll  p\rt  oi'iiie 
Bergrtra/.  The  neighboiiriiniHl  pr  iduce^  gir'd  wine, 
and  contain-,  a  ealllc  on  a  mountain. 

The  Cil\  <it  IjdL'RTis  the  capital  ot"  Thi.iinL'i.i, 
and  was  mide  a  bilhopric  by  .St.  Bo.iitacc,  in  tlu-  eia,litli 


iith-plate  i.'t  Pliiiip 
I  alio  give^  mine  t.)  a  bai';.'. ick. 


century.     B 'tii  the  i  it',  and  its   ti.rritovy,  w 


Ikll  I,    ot 


cnniiikrable  extent,  are  liibjid  to  tl-.e  ekciorate  of 
Ment/;  but  the  inhaiiitants  of  bath,  or  .it  kail  the 
grcatell  pan  of  them,  are  I'n.tellants,  aiwi  entidul,  by 
expref^  ilipnl  ition-,,  Im  tin-  free  eXrrcile  and  eii:..n  ment 
ot  their  ivhgio.  .  I'he  ci\  d  and  1  liminal  eouii^  eon- 
(ill  of  aneiiual  iiun.lier  ot  R.,man  C'lthohi.  and  I  an  he- 
ran  atVcfiiir-;  and  tl.emeii.,l)eis  of  the  loun-toum  il  are 
partly  Cat h. lies,  and  partly  I'roiel! -.nt'. ;  the  kill  having 
likewile  aconlill'ry  ot  their  own  perfualion.  Theeity 
of  Erfurt  is  laige  and  w.U  t'ortiiie.l,  but  not  v  \  jio- 
pulous;  and  the  buddings  are  niollly  "kl  talhi'Mted. 
The  territory  is  plealaiit  and  fruitful,  l)i)tli  in  corn  ,ind 
wine.  Tiie  garrilifii  conlills  ol  two  battalion- nt  im- 
perial ami  electoral  troops.  There  i^  a  i.Jl  heie,  c.dled 


Sulanna,  which  is  laid  to  be  the  largeft  in  Germnnv, 
weighing. above  12  ton-.  Here  alto  are  two  citadels, 
with  many  tluinlies;  ibme  collegiate,  fome  Roman 
Citholic,  and  tome  Lutheran;  together  with  a  rich 
Benedictine  monallery;  fevcn  cloiliers,  of  which  one 
is  the  Seoitilh;  a  Luiher.m  gymnafiiini;  an  univertity 
ot  live  C'll-'ges,  the  jiotiHors  ot'wliiih  are  partb,  Lu- 
therans, ami  partly  Roman  Cithilies;  the  Imjicrial 
acadtiU)  ot  natural  euii  lilies;  ..;  litljng  .i(  adenn  ;  a 
botanu  g.irden;  .in  allronomical  oblervatorv  ;  an  ..na- 
tomuil  theatre;  'evcral  gout  libraries;  and  an  acaile- 
mv  o|  the  uletul  leience'*.  S,vcral  diets  ot  the  em- 
piie  have  been  held  lure.  In  1(164  '''^'  '^'''y  \^^''  l^s- 
liegid  and  taken  In  the  elector  of  Ment/.,  with  the 
lulpot  tl'.e  l-'ieii.  h  ami  Lorrain  troop-. :  I  ut,  by  lliini- 
latii)nsuidi  the  elector  .ind  princes  ol  Saxony,  who 
were  Its  pictectiiis,  lis  privilege-,  were,  in  a  g.reat  mea- 
lure,  lecured.  The  tcrrit  >ry  '-elonging  to  the  cit\  con- 
tains z  liuall  towns  ami  7;  villages,  among  which  are 
;  ealleil  the  .Kitchen  Villages,  .is  being  obliged  to 
periorm  icitain  tuvices  to  the  archbilhop's  kitchen. 

That  p.irtofthe  Lower  Rhine, calleiltlieF.ictiSFi.Ln, 
islurrounded  b\  Helle,    Thunngii,  and  the  principa- 
lities   (it  Grubeiih.igen    and    Cak  nbiirg,.     It    e.\ten(!s 
about   30  miles  m  1.  ngih,  and  2  J  in  breadth,  and  is 
divuled  into   the  l'p]ier  and  Lower  Eiehsteld.     The 
'  t.'rmer  15  mountainous,  liit  healthy  and  populous  ;  the 
latter,  though  not  enimiiig,  perhaps,  to  pure  an  air,  is 
11101  ;k vet,  warm,  and    truittul,  abounding   in   corn, 
lattle,  tlax,  and   io!i.icco.     (ireat  liuantitics  i,f  linen 
;  and  I'crge  are  made  in  tl.e   uj.jier;  in  which  th.-  riveis 
;  Leine,  Lutter,  I'nilrut,  Wippcr,  and  Rume,  have  their 
hmrce-.     The  Tliuringian  lani;ua'.;e   is  Ipoken  in  the 
ui)|)er,  but  111  the  under  the  lower  Saxon.     In  both  are 
'  .^citie-,  3    borough-,  and    153   vill.iges.     The  diets, 
j  \'  liich  confitl  ot  the  ivprefentatives  of  tl'.e  abbies,  nun- 
neries, and  certain  towns,  with  the  nobility,  are  held, 
it  the  ■..L'.ther  will  pernut,  in  the  open  air,  at  a  iil.ue 
called  j,ig.bank--\Varte;   it' not,  in  the  council-houle 
at  lieilingenliadt.  Theie  are  a  f.w  I'rotellants  in  the 
Luh^ield;  but  the    prevailing  religion  is  the   Roman 
Catholic.     With  regard   to  ecdeliallical  matters,  the 
lountry  is  divided  into  10  pr.iviniial  deaneries,  and  oi 
p.inlhes,  in  whichare  2  collegiate  foiuul.itions,  2  abbies, 
.mil   ()  n  .nneiies.     'I'l.c  right  ot  patronage,  in  fome 
jilaccs,  belongs  to   the  a;\libilhop;  in   others   to  thi; 
iloillersand  toundat ions;  and  in  others  to  the  nobilitv. 
.■\t    H  ilingenlladt    are    held    tlie    luiireme   temp<'ral 
c.iurts;  and  there  alio  relides  tlu  lieutenant,  or  admi- 
nillrator;  but  the  •  at  of  the  archi'.in'.copal  loiumiir.iry 
which    has  the   Ipiriiu.il    jurildiction  over    the    whol.' 
Eich-teld,  is  at  Duderftadt. 

The  only  places  ol  note,  intlii  (lart  of  the  touiitrv, 
are  the  two  lollowing: 

Heihiigenll.idr,  lituated  on  the  rivi  r  Leine,  in  the 
up|icr  ihitri:!.  1  lere  is  a  line  e.Ulle,  a  colle;;iate  church 
dedicaieel  to  St.  Martin,  with  three  other  churches, ami 
a  khool;  and  a  town  on  the  H.ilile,  in  the  lower 
ihllrict,  cont.uninj^  an  I 'rf.iline  nunnery,  the  luperior 
of  \'.liieh  is  lliled  Woithy  Mother,  and  is  changed 
ev^ry  three  years.  The  inhabitaiiiN  many  of  whom 
are  Lutherans,  fubfill  chielh  b)  brewing  of  beer,  and 
cuitiv.uing  tobacco. 

The  Duchy   ol    WkstI'M ali A,  whiJiis  al^out  40 
miks  in  length,  aiiil   ;oln  bic.ulth,  is  houndeil  on  the 
e.ill  bv  the  billiopric  of  I'.iderbon,  and  the   territories 
I  ol  Waldeck  and  1  lelle;  on  the  north  by  the  bilhopric 
!  of  Munller,  and  the  c  unty  of  Li|)pe;  and   on   the 
I  ibuth  by  the  counties  of  WitgenlUin  and  Naliiiu,  and 
the  duciiv  ot    Berg.     The  lo'.\er  div  ilion  of  it    i-.  tole- 
rable teitile  in  corn  aiRLattle;  and  in  fume  partsof  it 
.ire   l.ilt  Iprings.     The  higher  put    produces  iioii  ore, 
c.ilamy,  lead,  wjpper,  line  woods,  i.irn,  cattle,  ganu, 
tilli,  and  tome  g  Id  .iiid  tilv.i. 

The  rivers,  that  either  jials  through  the  duchy,  or 
along  its  borders,  .ire  the  Rluir,  thcLenna,  the  Bigga, 
the  Dim.l,  and  ilieLippe.  There  are  2H  towns  in  it, 
belides  boruughb  and  cLillei-.     The  provincial  diets 

aic 


a  Capu 


F.ITUOPF..] 


GERMAN      E  M  I'  I  R  E. 


783 


jKirt  ot'tlic  country. 


nre  litUl  at  Artmhcr;^.  In  t1ic  year  11  So  tlic  i-mpcmr 
Frctliri'.'k  I.  mado  a  donation  of  tliis  iliitliy  to  ilic 
an  liliilliopric  ol  Cologne,  whivh  was  conlinncd  l>y 
I'll  ccidinu;  emperors ;  and,  in  ij^'H,  tlic  lall  duke  ot 
y\r 'nllMir,;  cctiiil  10  it  alio  tl'c  eouniy  ot'  Ari  nOjurir,. 
The  ducliy  if.  now  L'ovi-rncd  liy  a  Iwilil]",  luuler  (lie 
ntililMihop,  and  is  diviikd  into  tlu  IIHa.ov,  ih,.- 
lliarllrank,  and  tho  Suiland;  or  ollK-rwitc  into  tlic 
R>K!cn,  tlic  Weil,  till,-  Billi.in,  and  ilu  Brilm 
cjiiavti  ;•••. 

In  tin  Kii  ieni|iiaiter,  hcfidcs  the  town  wIj  '1  p,ive^ 
name  10  i',  lituated  on  liie  river  Mor.s,  and  eonraininy, 
a  Capii  hni  nion  ilKry  aiul  niiniur\',  is 

(iir.ke,  a  Imill  ti.wn,  in  whii  h  is  a  loundaiion  lor 
ladief,  and  a  il'illir  ot  ()lilir\antiiies. 

In  :lii."  Wc'l  iin.irtir,  Ij^iitLs  Ari.nlburg,  the  capit  d 
ot' a  .  .uiu\,  and  a  handlonic  town,  litiiatcd  on  the 
Klr.ir,  I'l  li  XT,  47  miles  norlli-cill  trom  Cologne,  arc 
the  iinill  town'- of  Werl  and  IJetlike;  the  tinlmn- 
lainin     iCapiiLJini  doilUr,  and  the  other  a  BencdiClinc 

pKlV.   illlll|l. 

The  I  imc  quarter  contains  iillo  lewral  .'.hhits,  nun- 
ncrie  and  e.iIlK'-,  a  miir.r  il  Ipring,  a  ccmm.inderv  of 
the  I'e'iMnie  Older,  with  a  lUid,  and  hunt:!i;j,-!eat  ct 
the  citi-lor. 

In  the  HillU'in  quarter  are  the  towns  ol"  Fredelnirg, 
Drollliaii- n,  ()lj>e,.ind  Aiiunilorn,  with  leveial  eloulcr^ 
anil  caiUes. 

In  I  lie  Miilon  cpiartcr  are  nine  finall  towns,  wiili  le- 
veial eallles  ar.d  cloider'. 

'J  he  CoKlit^  ot  Hei  KI.INGHAl'Sl.N  is  bijuikkd  In 
the  hillloprie  01  Miinllei,  die  dueliv  ot  CLves,  and  the 
county  ol  Maik,  lyin;;  on  the  call  lide  ot  tiie  Khinv-, 
anil  extendiipj,  abi'ut  2.'  miles  iromeall  lo  well,  ai'.l  10 
Ir  im  noiili  ,,i  louih.  ll  heiongs  to  the  lecui  ColuLine, 
anil  is  governed  by  a  lii  uten  mt.  It  eontanib  only  one 
j)la<  c  that  nu  riis  any  atcciuion,  namely, 

Ketklinuhauten,  a  town,  giviiu;  name  to  the  county, 
and  containing  a  llrongealUe,  with  a  nunnery,  theab- 
bels  wlieieot  iKitli  power  ol  punilliiiig  eapiialb.  She 
alone  is  obliged  10  ni.ike  a  voa  (f{  ihalbti  ;  lor  the 
nun>,  attei  having  Ikcii  accitain  luiiuber  <[  ^ears  m  the 
houi'e,  may  marry. 

The  Co^lnt^  of  Lowf.r-Isf.nhl'rg  lies  near  that  ot 
^V!ed,  in  ihe  ririle  ot  VVeilpliaha.  The  ei eater  part 
ot  ,1  IS  piaiilicd  bv  ilie  elector  ot  Triei'f,  wi.o  lias  a 
liai  and  \okcon  aeci'i.iit  ot  il  at  tlie  d:els  ot  this 
ciK  le.  The  I.  !l  ot  it  iK'loni;-  to  the  counts  of  Wied- 
Uiaikel,  and  the  barons  or  Walderd'T!.  In  lii.il  part 
ot  tliecountv  b-loiu'ing  to  the  eltiib.r  i^  a  iiuall  town, 
ca'led  Fieilb'..  h. 

The  Biirgiavatc  ot  Rr.iNrcK  lie-  on  t'ne  Rhine,  \\- 
tvicn  the  <.';ai  liv  ot  Jiiliers  and  ill.  arelibil!i..p;ic  tjt 
C'.'logne.  it  li.;d  lormerly  burgrav^s  ul  its  oan  ;  l>ut 
now  belongs  to  the  counts  ot  Zinzendor!,  ot  the  I'.invlk- 
Bninn  line,  who,  on  account  tit  it,  have  a  leat  and  a 
voice  in  the  diets  ot  ihis  circle.  The  onl)  town  in  it 
is  KeiiK\k,  tiiim  wIulIi  it  lake^  its  name. 

Tile  piiiic;palii\'  ol  Apemheiu;  is  luir'.uiided  by  the 
archbillioprie  ol'  Col  :'.;n e,  the  duch\'  of  julitis,  and 
the  eouniy  ot  Blankenheim.  'I'iie  ilukes  ol  A;\.mbeig 
anil  Arleliot  are  a  braiuli  ol  the  hoiife  of  Ligne.  Till 
1 57(1  they  were  only  counts,  bui  were  then  made 
priticcs  of  the  empire;  and,  in  1C144,  dukes.  Tliey 
have  a  leat  and  voice  both  at  ihc  diets  of  the  empire 
and  circles,  and  in  the  college  ol  princi'^.  They  take 
th<  ir  title  trom  Aren'.herg,  which,  though  a  linall 
town,  has  a   lallle,  and   is  the  capital  ol  the    priiiii- 

The  |)rinces  of  Thurn,  or  Tour,  and  Taxi";,  iliough 
they  liave  no  immediate  ellate  in  this  circle,  ya  have 
a  leal  ami  voice  in  its  diets,  as  al'o  in  tlioie  of  tiie  cin- 
jiire.  The  tirll  liiey  ol  lained  in  lonlequence  ot  ad- 
vancing to  I  he  ciriie,  in  the  \e.\r  1714,  by  wav  of  ptii- 
chalc,  iSo.ooo  rix-dollars;  and  the  other  in  confequeiKc 
01  an  imperial  decree,  toundcd.  upon  ilieii  having  iiad 
the  oliice  ol  poll-mailer  of  the  cmpiie  ere(ted  in  their 
favour  into  a  tree  ellate.     Tlic)  took  their  leat  among 


tlie  piiiuc-  in  the  diet  of  the  empire,  forihr  fiiR  linie, 
in  1754. 

The  Teutonic  order  of  knisjlits  .are  poflcH'cd  of  a 
bailiwick  in  this  circle,  named  fiom  the  town  ot  CoB- 
Li.NT/.,  wliiJ,  entitles  them  to  a  feat  and  voice  among 
the  piclues  cf  tl-.c  empire,  an.l  alfo  in  the  diets  ot  tiw 
circle.  To  tlii%  bailiwick,  wiiich  lias  its  feat  at  Col  'gne, 
\iA  in;.i  I'even  commanderies,  or  tommcndams. 

The   CIRCLE   of   F  R  A  N  C  O  N  1  A. 

pKANCON'IA  is  hounded  bv  the  circle  of  the  Up- 
p  r  ,\nd  flower  Rhine,  Bavaria.  Swabia,  Upper  Sax- 
ony, and  B  iliemia.  The  bilhop  of  Bamberg,  and  tlie 
maigrav.  s  of  Biandenhurg-Bariiili  and  Anfpaeli,  arc 
Uimmor.::ig  princes  for  the  circle  ;  but  the  bilhop  is 
lole  diieMor.  The  diets  are  held  at  Nuremburg,  the 
arc!ii\e-  :\:\-  kept  at  I'amberg  ;  aiul  the  inhabitants  are 
a  mixture  ot  R'Hian  Catholics,  Lutherans,  and  C'al- 
vimil^. 

The  Imperial  City  of  Ni/rf.miii:hg,  wliieliis  fituated 
;;  miL^  to  the  f.uili  of  Bamberg,  was  made  Im|)erial 
by  the  emp.ror  I'lvtlerick  B.ubar  ifla.  It  is  one  of  the 
largeil,  fineil,  and  riehell  cities  in  the  empire;  and  con- 
lidering  iis  great  dillancc  from  the  lea,  the  wonder  of 
Luh'pc  lur  trade,  and  number  of  people. 

Nuremburg,  in  general,  furpafl'es  ail  other  cities 
in  Cjermany,  except  Berlin,  in  the  flatelinefs  of  its 
buildings;  but  exceeds  that,  as  it  does  all  ttie  others, 
in  thewe.ilth,  ingenuity,  and  induffry  of  the  inhabitants. 
It  is  eight  nr.les  round  ;  defended  with  large  ditches 
iiicdi  w;tli  llone,  and  high  triple  (lone  walb,  with 
;65  towers  on  them,  ot  which  iS ;  are  ot  tree-llone, 
mounted  with  ;co  pii.ces  ot  cannon.  Here  .arc  :;;o 
llreeib  and  alleys ;  and  moll  ot  tlej  lioufes  being  uni-. 
torm,  are  ol  free-fb^ne,  (>  or  7  llorics  high,  jiainiedoii 
ihe  oui-lide,  andi'.dorned  at  tlic  top  with  gilded  ball-. 
Fhetlreets  are  large,  very  commodi<5Us,  open,  and  well 
jiaved  ;  and  next  to  thole  of  Hanau,  the  neatelf  in 
Ciermany  ;  but  they  are  not  very  llrait,  neither  are  they 
■n  a  level.  1  lere  arc  10  market  places,  regularly  built, 
1;  public  baths,  12  londuii^,  and  118  well-.  Ti:eir 
elnei  t'.uniain  is  adorneil  wuli  many  iirafs  iLitue- ;  one 
ol  N.ptune  on  the  top,  three  vards  anil  an  lialf  liigh, 
.\iu\  above  22CO  w^ighi  ;  md  01  hers  ot  njmfili'-  and  le.a- 
liorfes  larger  than  the  h.c.  This  fountain  will  tlirosv 
ut  200  hogflieads  in  an  hour,  and  coft  near  3500 
crowns.  The  river  I'egnitz  is  let  in  by  12  !an',c  arci;es 
under  I  he  walls ;  and,  after  running  through  the  miildle 
of  the  city,  is  let  out  by  12  otlier  arches.  It  forms 
leuial  plealaiU  ifiand-,  wherein  are  moll  agreeable 
walks  and  meadows,  where  thiy  whiten  linen;  and 
alio  liijiplies  the  ditihes  and  town  with  water.  L'pon 
the  llream  there  is  a  great  number  of  mills  for  tanners 
and  braziers,  as  well  as  lor  corn,  paper,  iron,  and  mak- 
ing t'wo.d- blades,  knives,  and  otlier  iron-wares.  Tiiere 
are  (10  mills  wiiliin  the  walls,  many  of  them  for  grind- 
ing corn;  and  7  wooilenand  11  llone  bridges  over  iliis 
river.  One  of  tiiefe  bridges  iias  one  arch  only,  of  97 
feet  lioni  one  bale  to  tlie  other,  like  the  Rialto  at  Ve- 
nive,  ihougli  not  lo  high  or  lo  long,  and  is  accounted  ;i 
woiuler  111  arcbileelure.  At  one  i:i\d  ot  it  there  is  a 
large  market,  built  of  hewn  fbiiie,  on  the  gate  of  which 
the  bull  hers  have  pl.-.ccd  a  vail  ox  ot  llone,  lying  on 
his  b-llv,  witli  gilded  horns  and  itoots. 

The  inhabitants  are  about  (io,coo;  yet  h.ive  but  2 
parilli  churches  properly  fo  called.  The  lirll  is  as 
ilat-ly  as  am  one  of  us  kind  in  tiie  empire,  viz.  that 
bull  1  y  St.  Scbald,  a  Uanilh  jirincc  of  the  blood  royal. 
In  wlmm  this  countrx  was  converted.  It  is  a  large 
(ioil.ic  pile,  has  7  gates, an  immenfc  beli,  and  a  brals 
uwiiument  creeled  lo  his  memory,  with  noble  antique 
ligure:.  The  fextons  have  a  rate  collection  of  n lies, 
winch  they  Ihew  only  to  travellers  of  quality.  The 
fecoiid  is  St.  Laurence's  church,  anotiier  tjotluc  labric, 
uli;cn  is  chiefly  Irequeiited  bv  the  Lutheran  nobility 
and  gentry.  It  has  eight  gates,  two  fleepLs  in  the 
front,  and  is  the  Liigellin  the  cily.  Here  the  chief  of 
the  citizens  have  iheii  tombs  and  clcuithcons ;  and 

there 


J I  lit ''I 


784 


A  NEW.  ROYAI.  and  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAl'i  lY. 


i 


% 


■* 


m 


?  M 


fh\ 


tWvc  h  a  rcgilkr  of  :M  lli.U  liavc  Wxn  Ini.inl  li.rc  tor 
(50O\i.ars  lpfi.ityiiig  the  liiiic  anil  imiiiKr  i>t  tli.ir 
ilcath.  Bi  IkL's  tlK'U',  tli'U-  .ire  ilic  tluirtlits  ol  tie 
Vir;i,in  Marv,  St.  Cilcs  the  Holy  (iiioil,  .i!ul  ilic 
hofpiial  (if  St.  James,  in  wliich  are  the  moiuiiiKnis  ot 
matiy  princes  ami  counts  of  the  ctupiri'.  Near  St. 
Laurenci'<  church  arc  thicc  lountaiii',  one  of  them  ;in 
odagiin  baton,  wiili  :;  l.up,c  llraf^  p:llar  in  tlic  nii:li'lc, 
from  whole  iliapitcrs  proicc\  fix  niu//!.'s  (it  Lumi  , 
Ipurtingwat  r  oi:t  ot  ca  h  by  a  twillcil  pipe.  ():i  il..- 
cornice  arc  the  li\  cardmai  viitUiS  Ipuriini',  water  troni 
their  breall-.  ()[i  this  pillar  O.uuls  a  Ids  one  llut.d, 
on  wl'.ith  arc  fi.x  inf.ints,  every  one  of  them  Ic.ining  on 
a'l  cfditcheon,  bc.iriiij;  the  arms  (>f  the  (.mpirc,  th.^lc 
ot  Nnrember}^,  Re.  and  th.'y  all  hav.- trumixt-,  out 
of  which  ids  ])lenty  ot  water;  as  it  do^s  likewtc  trom 
the  brcails  of  a  liiic  llatiie  of  jiillice,  on  the  top  of 
thisf.iond  pillar,  and  trom  a  la,^.-  ollrii!)  \shich  tup- 
ports  it.  The  whole  is  of  hrafs,  encloled  by  an  iron 
j;ratc,  carved  and  gilt. 

The  catlle,  wIktj  the  emperor  refid-s  when  here, 
is  well  fortilied,  and  IbuuN  on  a  hiji,h  hill,  or  rock, 
troni  whence  there  is  a  line  prolpecf  of  the  cits.  It 
his  many  (.urious  pictures.  \Viihin  the  fiill  j^,ate  i^  a 
fmiil  antii|ue  chapel,  whuh  was  formerly  a  cli.ipel 
tledieated  to  Cre(.!o  and  1  Iirminful,  two  divinities  wor- 
lliipped  by  the  ancient  (lerman,  whole  lljne  liatucs 
are  aj^ainll  the  wall  on  the  outfule.  Here  i--  a  well  in 
the  rock  i6oo  ktt  deep-,  and  the  chain  of  the  bucket 
is  ;03  wcidlil.  The  cielini;  is  fupported  by  four  Co- 
rintl-.ian  pillar>,  each  45  feet  h'gli,  in  the  empeiorV 
apartment  there  is  th.c  pi:ture  of  the  homage  paiii  bv 
the  magillraics  to  the  emperor  Matthias  in  1612. 
This  (.allle  has  tour  lowers,  two  of  which  hjok  to- 
w.uds  the  town,  and  tb.c  two  others  to  the  call  and 
noith. 

The  fladthonfe  is  a  flatcly  bwunit'ol  fabric  of  hewn 
flone,  100  paces  in  breadth,  and  iiuich  laiger  than 
that  ot  Augflnirg.  It  hi-  three  great  [lorticos,  witii 
marble  pillars.  'I'lic  front  is  vory  tine,  having  a  no- 
i'le  portal  in  the  niiildle  ot  it,  adorned  withfcvcral 
Itatues.  There  are  two  other  ver\-  grand  gates  to  it, 
at  eipial  dillan-e-,  whi^h  arc  no  let's  fplendidlv  orna- 
nieiited.  There  is  a  f.ng  galK  ry,  on  the  cieling  of 
which  a  tamius  tournameiii,  that  was  held  here  above 
;, 30  years  a:;o,  is  leiirel.nted  in  relievo.  The  coun- 
til-chamber,  dinin",-rooin,  and  other  aparm-KiUs,  ,ire 
well  juinted  and  L'.ilt,  tilled  with  the  arm-  of  all  na- 
li  ins,  and  adorned  with  cii;'io;is  j]i,;li:us,  nud.il-,  ;>;- 
ctllcnt  works,  both  :;ntii]iie  and  modern,  iiiois,  liv.ll  , 
plants,  miiuril',,  and  oihernatiiral  productions.  The 
toun^il-cham  -cr  is  linall,  and  not  luital'leto  the  dig- 
niiv  and  power  of  the  llnate.  The  llo  irof  the  lenatc- 
ho':ie  i-  paved  widi  gilt  llones,  intermixed  with  others 
ot  ihiieient  colour-;  lo  that  it  exc.eds  that  of  .•Xmlier- 
dain  :  and  in  one  of  the  chanibers  i,  a  large  pidurc, 
that  quite  covers  one  fide  of  the  wall,  reprelenting  iIil- 
inltrtainment  wliiih  the  empcn  ,  Eeidmand  III.  gave 
in  the  grand  hall  here,  to  the  plenipoicntia  ie  ,  at  the 
treaty  of  Munller.  Here  are  the  pi.-'uies  alio  of  all 
the  princes,  and  moll  other  gr.  at  p.-ifonagcs  in  (i.r- 
livuiy,  who  have  bd  n  eiitertaineil  here,  'fhe  d;  piities 
ot  the  circle  o!  Eiancoiii.l  meet  every  dav.  Th  Me  uf 
the  bil1io])of  Hambeig,  and  the  niari|ui  nt  li;..ndc!i- 
burg-Bareith,  pivlide  at  it;  but  the  de]nitii3  01  the 
ecJeliallical  ponces  have  the  right  hand.  Thele  de- 
puties .ire,  in  all,  iS,  and  are  attended  l)v  nine  le.  rc- 
tarie^  who  lit  at  anolhir  table  to  write  their  ivlglii- 
fioiis.  Within  this  chamber,  over  the  door,  is  a  pic- 
tiiie  of  thice  broilkr',  piiiicc- of -Saxonv,  viz.  |ohn 
Gcon',e,  FiedeiiiL,  and  j,,hn  Chnllian,  who"fui»- 
portcd  Luihcr  in  his  relormaiion.  The  kcond  of  tliefc 
holds  the  Impel lal  crown,  whiili  he  w.iuld  not  accept 
of.  The  lapellry  wf  this  chambir  contains  the  Iiiltory 
of  Neliudiadniz/.ar. 

The  arlenal,  winch  has  arms  for  r,') '^->  men,  i^  one 
of  the  tinell,  and  hefl  furnilhecl,  in  (l.rm.ui).  Here 
arc  good  ramparts,  uad  a  iiuuiciyu.s  ti-*iTilyii.     The 


city  has  fix  gates,  each  defended  bv  a  large  tower.  Tlie 
pui'lic  lii'rary  was  lonip.Hed,  at  the  beginning  >.f  tl'.e 
relotmation,  of  all  ll.e  book-  belonging  to  the  convents 
of  thi'^city  and  its  neiglibourhooi!.  It  conlills  of  l'o:ir 
g:dleric5,  and  2(1, 000  volumes;  particularly  a  (irvik 
MS  of  theCiofpels,  and  (inne  of  St.  Paul's  Eiiiltlcs, 
above  icco  \ears  old  ;  with  tlie  pra\  ers  and  hvmns  lor- 
merly  u!ed  in  th.' f  ireek  chur.  h.  The  c!niac>crs  aic 
verv  ditlerent  from  ih  ile  now  in  I'fc.  Here  aie  a  I  tier, 
ot  I -uilur's  liiuid-wriiing,  to  the  iiiagiiliaics  of  this 
(ity;  a  picket-book  ot  jolm  hVedciick,  tlc.'tor  ot 
S.ixonv,  being  f.  nii'sol  feriiion-  he  h.ard  l-.ini  preach; 
and  a  liguie  of  Moics,  whiih,  thouuh  hut  a  foot  high, 
h.is  a  gie.it  part  of  the  I'entatcueli  wiitten  upon  it. 

'I'liis  iity,  among  nvrnv  other  iirivikgis,  has 'he 
culloi.ly  of  moll  ot  tiic  Impeiial  ornaments  made  iile 
ot  at  the  emperor's  coronati'in  ;  Ituh  asChai'cmagne's 
irown.  a'^out  which  ih  re  is  a  mitre  envichul  with  a 
vali  number  111  diamonds,  rubies,  emer.dds,  nnd  pearls; 
and,  on  the  I'ront,  a  c  it-ol  (iiainoiuls  ofgreat  value. 
i  li-  Dalmatic  robe,  1  r  inanile,  ciiibroidered  witii  huge 
pearls;  the  gulden  apple,  or  g'obe  ;  his  (word;  his 
gilcLii  ltc[)tre;  the  InijHriil  cli  ak,  embroidered  wi:h 
eagles  aiitl  borilered  with  I '-"ge  eiiKrald  ,  diainoiub, 
lapphiie-,  and  ihry  fol.tis ;  the  Iniikins,  coveie.i  with 
pi.ite- ot  g>ild;  the  gloves  tndir.  idercd  wi'h  curiuu". 
Ibmcs.  '1  lieli.-are  kept  in  the  churi.h  of  the  h'ltpiial, 
and  Mere  all  brought  liom  Prague  b\  the  emptor  Si- 
giliiniiid,  on  account  oi  the  troubles  that  w\.re  in 
Hol.eiiua  in  liis  time.  Heie  is  a'lo  a  large  cliell, 
fuljjended  in  the  air  bv  iron  ihains  lalUned  to  the 
cieling,  in  wliich  are  a  vail  r.,anv  la.  red  relics;  but 
tlie\  are  never  Ihewn,  exce[it  to  lovereign  prince,  and 
their  attendant-. 

The  couiuil  is  compofed  of  42  perfons,  whereof  :S 
are  kledcd  Irom  the  ancient  patrician  tamihes,  and 
the  roll  trom  among  the  burghers;  |i)  that  there  are 
1;  cfchevins,  or  aldermen;  as  many  counlell  irs,  or 
common  councilmen;  S  oth.er  lenators,  who  are  all  pa- 
trician-; and  8  other  counl'ellors,  ele(^\ed  out  of  the 
cor]ioiations  of  trades  and  crafts,  who  are  coiilci)uent- 
l\ ,  ])lcbiiai.s;  but  thvl'e  aKpiiclcc  fo  impliciilv  in  tlu 
decillon  e,t  the  p'.itrician-,  that  they  niav  Ic  laid  to  have 
no  vote.  Tlieic  :'.ie  two  burg^maller-,  one  choleiioui 
of  the  clchcviiis,  the  other  out  of  tlic  council,  who  have 
the  luperiorit\,  the  one  ol  the  mditarv,  the  other  of 
tlij  civil  government,  and  are  changed  every  month. 

The  raifing  of  troojis,  taxes,  ae.d  other  mat leis  ol 
great  moment,  are  referrcdtoalckc't committee  ut  levcn, 
named  the  Sept^■mvirate,  who  call  in  three  or  lour 
civilians  for  advice.  They  have  lalarics  tor  their  at- 
tendance on  Inch  occafions.  Hut  no  lawvers  are  allow- 
ed anv  vote,  or  lliare  in  the  admlnillration.  In  extra- 
ordinarv  cales  there  is  a  great  coiuu  il  ot  400,  cholcn 
out  of  all  the  c.illing,s  and  trades  in  the  city;  and  they 
annually  chute  the  members  of  the  other  courts.  The 
niagillrates  never  allow  meclianies  to  meet  ])ublicly, 
eNcejit  at  uoilhip,  w.ddiiv^-,  and  funcr.ils,  for  tear  of 
tumult-;  and  the  Icnator- are,  in  gencr..!,  lov.rviir- 
cumlpect,  that  "  as  prudent  as  a  Kuranlurg  j'ciuiur," 
is  become  in  the  coiintr\',  a  common  proverl'. 

No  I'apill  is  alfiwid  the  t'ued  uu  ot  the  city,  there 
being  but  tew  lure;  and  thefi  aie  obii'gcd  to  worlliip 
in  a  chipd,  or  Imall  i  lunch,  in  the  lioule  ot  llic 
Teutonic  Older.  The  Calvinill-  uere  formerly  obliged 
to  I")  a  Iragui  out  of  to.Mi  toaihurch,  in  the  mar- 
(|uil'ate  of  Anl'pac'i;  ^n\.\  the  Lutheran  minilLrs,  in 
the  town,  1  apt!/.  (1  tlii?ir  cliildrcn:  but  the  lather  ot 
i'le  late  king  of  I'ruliia,  whom  ih.'  Niircm'icrg'iers 
tearcd  niU' h  more  thin  they  lo\ed,  liaving  ilcMindid 
that  ihcy  lliould  be  all  iwid  a  place  t  ir  worlliip  nearer 
the  city,  tlicv  now  meet  two  or  thic  iiuiii|uet-lhot 
without  the  gate  .,  in  a  long  h.ill,  wl.iili  lipids  about 
500  perlons. 

The  Jews,  who  live  in  a  village  wiihoui  the  cit\', 
where  tlicN  hive  a  lyn  I'gogiie.  are  not  allowed  to  lodue 
li.rr,  or  to  come  into  It,  wiiliout  pasin '.  a  Ifiriii  lor 
cvtfry  hour  they  ilay,  at  al  Colujjne,  and  thai  0:1  the 

fame 


iRAl'ilV. 

;i  lai;;e  tii\\\r.  Tlic 
ni;  to  tlio  eonvi.r.t5 

It  ('Olllill^  lit   ll'MT 

rnciil:irly  ;i  (Ii\il^ 
;t.  Paul's  Kjiililcs 
iis  aiul  h\  mils  l!ir- 
I'hc  clnrar'urs  arc 
HiT'.aica  I  HIT, 
iia;',ilhaics  ot  this 
ciltnck,  rit.'tor  ot 
li.aal  l.ini  prcaLli ; 
:;li  Imt  a  to  t  lii;.],li, 
. !  i'tin  uj'on  it. 
I'livikiiis,  has  'he 
I'.aiiKiUs  maiL  iilc 

h  asChai'i'iiia^',11'-'"' 

f  cnriCiKtl    with    ;i 

lur.'.Kh,  anil  pearls; 

nils  ot  Liivat  valti,'. 

>ro;ilc-i(.-(l  witii  l.'.ijie 

;  hi'.  Iwonl ;    his 

i.ml)!''ii!i.Tiil  ui:l» 

m.ralil  ,  iliainoiul--, 

ikiii'^,  i'i\cii.\l   with 

.  iikicd  ui'h  I  iiri'!:; 

ii\  h  ot  the  iMlpital, 

^',  th'.'  imp.ror  Si- 

)u:ilcs   that  wv-rc  in 

a'lb   a  larjic  thcll, 

liiis  lalUrv-il  to  th;- 

nv  fa^  rt'ti  ic-lics;   imt 

)Viicii;n  [iiiiiLC  ,  aivl 

ptrfoiis,  uhciLof  2S 
itiKian  taiiiilics,  aiul 
rs ;  ti)  that  there  are 
iKiay  counleli  ii^,  or 
ators.wiw  aie  all  jia- 
?,  cleded  out  ot  the 
who  are  coiileiiueiu- 
e  fo  implicitiv  in  tlu 
y  mav  lictaiii  to  have 
ailer:-,  one  tholi-n  oiii 
tlic  council,  who  have 
i:htarv,  the  oilier  ol 
in'\ed  eveiy  moiiih. 
mil  other  mailers  ol 
dcommitiec  ot  Uvcn, 
.all  in  ihicc  or  i'ln- 
:  lalarics  tor  their  ai- 
no  lawyers  are  allow- 
■nillration.  In  extra- 
niii  il  ot  4C0,  cho'eii 
in  tlie  city;  and  tiiey 
e  other  lourts.  The 
es  to  meet  |)uhlicly, 
1  funer.i'.s,  for  tear  ot 
genera!,  fo  v.rv  iir- 
Nuninburg  fauitcr," 
won  ]iro\eri\ 
]in  ot  the  ciiy,  there 
c  obliged  to  woiihip 
in  the  houfe  ot  ll'.c 
ixere  lornicrlv  ohheed 
ihurch,  in  t!ic  iiiar- 
\itlicran  I'.iinilKrs,  in 
n  :  but  the  father  ol 
ill'  Nureni'ier^her-i 
•d,  h.iviiv;',  ilei'jtndid 
lee  t  ir  wurlhip  nearer 
If  three  muli|uet-lhot 
,  w  l.ii  h   lu'lds  about 

age  without  the  citv, 
■  not  allowed  to  IoiIl!,c 
It  pa\ini  a  llorin  tor 
giK',  and  thai  on  the 
liu;e 


EUROl'K.] 

fame  pretexf,  a  dtlign  to  poifon  tlic  wells  and  fountains. 
The  religion,  as  will  as  ([ualilx,  <;t  every  |;er(on  here, 
mav  be  known  by  iheir  habits;  wiiieh  re<;ulalion  was 
inade  by  the  niagillrates,  bothol  tiiisiityand  Auglbiirg, 
to  rcilrain  the  luxtiiy  of  the  meaner  tort  in  clothes,  and 
to  deted  rioters  who  are  but  too  eoiunum  in  all  free 
cities. 

No  citj  in  the  vvorld  has  a  greater  nun>ber  of  curious 
workmen,  in  m.tal  ot  all  lints  ivory,  wooil,  i'ic.  or 
atiords  ariilieial  commodiiies  cheaper.  Tiiey  are 
particularly  tanious  tor  cloi  kwork.  There  was  a 
txich  made  here,  for  the  kii.^  ot  D.nniark,  with 
t'prings,  li)  as  to  go  torward  or  backward,  or  turn 
.n'lout,  and  travel  a  league  on  Hones,  without  horfes, 
anil  o:i!\'  managed  by  two  boys  within.  The  lame 
workman  made,  tor  the  Dauphin  of  France,  a  rej)re- 
femation  ot  a  lijuadron  of  horle,  eng.gjd  with  a  bat- 
talion of  tiKit,  both  ':  them  ir.aici-.ing,  and  tiring,  by 
fpring-work.  The  Su.vmberg  brafs  is  laid  to  be  the 
m.ill  daniie,  the  brightelt,  aid  the  leall  lubject  to 
flaws,  ot  anv  in  i'Airop.e  ;  and  is  made,  eluetiy,  out  ot 
tiiC  Tirol  copper. 

The  Imiicri.il  city  of  \VEis5E\reRC,  whiih  is  ;8 
mi'es  tijuth  ot  Nuremberg,  aiui  lii  uat^'d  on  the  Norgau, 
liP.s  a  i'eat  an'l  voice  both  in  tl-.e  diet  (.>!  the  circle  and 
of  the  em;  i'.'.  Its  territory  is  very  liiiail,  and  contains 
but  one  i.'.ci.n'lilcrable  vi  lag.'. 

Tiie  Imperial  citv  of  Schwilinfurt  Hands  on  the 
Muiie,  I. .Is  a  good  b.-idge,  and  a  g)  innafium.  The  terri- 
tory is  liiiall,  but  celebrated  tor  its  excellent  wine  ;  and 
tl:e  ii'.li.-'.birants  ar;  I'roteriaiM^. 

Tl'.e  Imperial  city  of  \\  i';oshkim,  27  miles  from 
Kureniberg,  llaiuis  on  the  .Xileli,  and  is  very  ancient. 
It  h.is  a  leai  and  voice  at  the  d'cts  ot  the  impiie  anil 
lircle,  is  a  fmall  territory  ;  and  the  inhabitants  are  Lu- 
therans. 

The  Imperial  city  of  Rom FMiiERG  is  lltuated  near 
the  Taiiber.  The  inhabilants  are  Lutherans.  It  has 
il  feat  anil  voice  in  the  diets  ot  the  circle  and  empire, 
a  conliilerable  territorv,  and  contains  icveral  churches, 
a  gymnalium,  Teutonic  houle,  i\:e. 

The  leigniories  of  Seinsheim,  Reichelsberg,  and 
^VlESE^■TlIElt),  entitle  their  lords  to  a  teat  aiui  voice 
in  the  ihets  ot  the  empire  and  ciicle  :  but  the  leignio- 
lies  of  \V  ELziiLiM  anil  IIansem  have  not  thole  pii- 
VI  lege?. 

l  he  combined  feigJiiorie^  ot  Li.mburo  and  Spick- 
rr.LU,  entitle  its  proj  rietois  to  two  voices  at  the 
diet  of  the  empire,  and  in  the  college  ot  I'ranconian 
t  jvints. 

The  ci  unly  of  Krbach,  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the 
Maine,  is  27  miles  long,  20  broad,  tolerably  fertile,- 
and  inhabited  by  Lutherans.  It  gives  a  leat  and  voice 
in  the  college  ot  I'ranconian  counis,  ami  at  the  diets 
vi  the  circle  and  emjiire;  and  contains  lubach,  a 
town  on  th.e  Mumiing,  with  acalUe;  and  Michellladt, 
the  leat  ot  a  rigeiicv  and  luperinteniiency.  In  this  county 
the  ellates  ot  all  who  die  unmarried  alter  the  ;ige  of 
25,  are  t  jrtLited. 

The  County  of  \\'ERriiEiM  lies  on  both  fides  the 
Maine,  between  the  archbilliopric  of  Mentz  and  the 
bilhopric  of  Wurt'/.biirg,  apart  ot  it  terminating  alio 
on  the  county  <<t  Lrb.uh.  It  abounds  in  corn,  uinc, 
p.illurage,  wild  fowl,  anil  venilon.  The  inhabitants 
are  moilly  I'l'otellaiiis.  A  part  ot  the  county  came 
by  marriage  to  the  tamily  ol  l-owenlUin,  who  derive 
their  pedigree  Iron;  that  of  the  eleiHor  PaLiliiie,  and 
are  divideii  into  the  two  branches  ot  Lowenllein-Wer- 
theim-Virnenburg,  and  Lowenlfeiu-Wertheiiu- Roche- 
fort,  the  former  of  which  are  I'roiellants  and  counts; 
the  latter  Roman  Citiiohcs  and  [irinces,  or  ]iriiicely 
counts.  Thev  lake  the  title  ot  Loweiiltein  from  the 
county  ot  that  n.ime,  under  the  judldiklion  ot  the  duke 
of  W'ntiiuburg,  of  which  they  are  ]iro])rietor..  ;  be- 
tides oti'.er  leigniories  in  the  cm[)ire,  Pioheinia,  and  the 
Ncllierlamls.  Thev  have  two  voices  in  the  l'"ran- 
conian  college  of  counts  of  the  emi-'ire,  and  have  alio 
No.  72. 


G  K  R  M  A  N     EMPIRE, 


78^ 


a  feat  and  voice  among;  the  counts  in  the  diets  of  the 
circle.  The  reft  of  this  county,  befides  what  is  pol- 
lelLd  by  the  counts  of  lAjwendeim,  belongs  to  the 
billio[)  of  Wurtzburg,  and  the  counts  of  CalOe.  The 
chief  ill  it  are 

W'ertheim.  which  gives  name  to  it,  and  is  its  capi- 
tal, lying  at  the  conllu.i  of  the  Maine  and  Tauber. 
Here  each  of  the  above-mentioned  branches  of  the 
Lowenftein  family  have  a  jialace.  Tlie  inhabitants  are 
jiartly  Proteilants  and  [larily  I'apills ;  but  the  ma>Til- 
tracy  is  wholly  Froteflaiit. 

Rrenberg,  a  Hroiig  callle  on  a  mountain,  gives  mime 
to  a  lei'Miiory,  which  had  anciently  lords  of  its  own. 
Little  Heuback,  a  market  town  on  the  Maine,  con- 
tains a  cadle,  and  gives  name  to  a  bailiwick. 

The  counly  ot  Rieneck  gives  its  poiidfor  a  feat 
and  voice  in  tlie  diets  of  the  empire  and  circle,  and  in 
the  college  of  Lianconian  counts  ;  but  contaii.;  only 
Rier.eck,  a  Iniall  town,  with  a  calUe. 

The  County  ot  Castell  lies  between  that  of  Seh.wart- 
/.er.Li.rg,  and  tlie  bilhoiiric  of  Wurtzburg,  and  well 
from  Bamberg.  It  is  about  27  miles  long,  and  8  where 
broadcH  ;  and  belongs  to  its  own  counts,  iliviiled  into 
two  priiicii)al  lines,  Remlinger.  and  Rudenhau'.en,  de- 
Icended  from  the  ancient  dukes  of  Franconia.  This 
county  is  a  lief  of  Wurt/.burg,  to  which  the  counts 
are  hereditary  cup-bearers,  'i'ney  have  two  voices  in 
the  college  ol  the  Imperial  counts  of  Franconia,  both 
at  the  diets  ol  the  empire,  and  tlsole  of  the  circle.  1  he 
oldeft  ot  the  reigning  counts  is  always  ailminillrator 
ot  the  feudal  feigiiiories  of  the  whole  houle,  and 
cui)-bearer  to  the  bilhop  of  Wurtzburg.  Ihc  chief 
[)l.ices  are 

Callell,  a  village,  containing  a  fine  palace,  in  which 
one  ot  the  collateral  lines  of  the  principal  Remlingen 
line  relides,  and  giving  name  to  a  bailiwick  belonging 
to  the  lame  line.  Near  the  village  formerly  llood  a 
callle,  that  gave  name  to  the  counly,  and  was  th.e  re- 
lldence  of  the  counts. 

Remlingen  is  a  market  town,  from  whieli  one  of  tlie 
princi])al  lines  takes  its  title. 

Rudenhaulin  is  a  village,  v.liich  gives  title  to  ti.e 
other  capital  line,  and  contains  a  paiace  beiongnig  to 
them. 

The  Bifliopric  of  Bambero  i.  bounded  on  tl  e  north 
by  the  principality  ol  Coburg  and  the  Viyiitlai.d  ;  on 
the  fouth  by  the  piincij  ality  ot  Brandei  lanf.-Bar/itli, 
the  territory  ot  Niireiiil  erg,  and  the  piii.i  ipa.ny  of 
.Schwartzeiiburg ;  on  the  i  eft  by  tiie  Liilii'i  ric  iif 
Wurtzburg;  and  on  theiall  by  the  territor)  of  iSurem- 
berg  and  Biandenburg-Barciili.  The  length  lii  it  is 
about  60  miles,  anil  the  breadth  40.  The  toil  io  very 
fi  riile  in  corn,  wine,  falFron,  and  liquorice;  yieliiing 
alio,  in  lome  pl.ices,  L.urel,  fig,  lemon,  anil  orange- 
trees,  with  wooils  of  forell-trees,  and  lome  metals. 
The  county  abounds  likewile  in  cattle,  ami  Ls  well  wa- 
tered by  the  Maine,  and  feveral  other  rivers  and 
brooks  that  fall  into  it.  The  inhabitants  are  all 
zealous  Roman  Catholics.  Here  are  no  ellates.  Be- 
lore  the  year  1006  this  county  was  called  the  county 
of  Babenberg,  and  had  counts  of  its  own  ;  but  w.as 
then  allotted  for  a  bilhopric  by  the  emperor  Henry 
II.  which  pope  Benedict  \11I.  exemiued  from  all 
arehiepifcopal  jurililiclion.  The  billiop's  piivilegis  and 
lirerogatives  are  very  great.  He  is  the  only  one  in 
Germany  who  has  the  privilege  of  wearing  a  cardinal's 
hat,  together  with  the  pillium  ;  and  there  lies  iioa;-,  .al 
from  his  ilecifions,  in  lecul.ir  matters,  to  the  courts  of 
the  cm])ire.  The  king  ot  Bohemia  is  his  cup-beaiv, 
the  eledor  palatine  his  llewanl,  and  the  cledor  of  Bran- 
denbui-g  his  great  chamberlain.  Thele,  or  their  pro.xies, 
if  tununoned,  mull  attenil,  anil  tlo  the  iluties  ot  their 
oliice.^  on  the  day  of  his  inftallation.  He  is  able  to 
bring  into  the  tield  4000  men.  The  revenue  ariling 
from  his  bilho[)ric,  befides  his  bailiwicks  in  Caiinthia, 
amounts  to  above  50,cool.  The  chapter,  by  whrm 
the  billiop  is   eledeil.    conliils  of  :o   capituh-a' canon'-, 

All   his   il>ues, 
cxecptin(4 


and  I  5  domiielli  all  oi  noble    biith. 
q  N 


786 


A  NEW  AKD  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  or  UNIVERSAL  GLOGRAl'HY. 


^t) 


*■'    ; 


excepting  tliofe  in  Carinthia,  arc  held  immediately  ot 
the  empire.  At  the  diet  thereof  he  has  the  fourth 
place  on  the  fpirltual  bench  in  the  college  of  princes, 
and  is  a  rummoning  prince  and  diredor  of  this  circle. 
Here  are  all  the  ulual  courts,  council?,  and  offices,  for 
tiie  different  departments  of  government,  as  war, 
foreign  affairs,  and  the  finances.  The  following  are 
the  chief  places  in  the  bilhopric  : 

B.imherg,  its  capit.il,  pkatantly  lituated  near  the   ri- 
ver Rednit/,  is  about  34  miles  north  of   Nuremberg, 
and  in  the  center  of  Ciermany.     It   is  furroutuled  with 
walls  and  a  ditch  ;  and  is,    in  general,    well  buiU  and 
populous.     Here  arc  two  epirco|)al  palaces,    or  tallies  ; 
one  called  Peterlburg,  and  the  other  (Jayevtwerih  ;    an 
univcrfity,  foundetl  m  1648  ;  feveral  moiialUries,  nun- 
neries,   and   churches  ;    befulcs   the   t.uliedral   ot    Si  ^ 
(icorge,  in  which  is  the  inonuimiit  ut  Henry   11.  who 
founded    the  bilhopric,    anil    hi-    conlort    Cunigunda,  | 
with   a  treafure   of  jewels  and  relics.      Several  die!>,  j 
both  of  the  em[iire  anil  circle,    ha\e   been  held  htri-.l 
Not  tar  from  tlie  town  ilantis  the  bilhop's  I'ummcr  pa-  j 
lace,  called  Marquirdfhurg.     Among  other  curioliiies 
in  the  trealury  of  the  cl-.urch  ot'  St.  George,  is  a  tolio  | 
m.inufeript  ot  the  four  (iolpels,    in    Latin,    uj-.on   tine  1 
vellum,  in  a  neat  Roman  cluirao'ter,  with  lome   Ijotiiic  1 
letters  intermixed  ;  and  m'.)lt  beaut ilul  miniatures  to  be 
iecn  every  wliere.     The  binding  i^  vMiod,  covered  witli  ' 
curious  Iculfjlure?,  iii  ivory,  of  Our  Saviour's  i.;.lli;>n  ;  i 
and  bordered  with  a  gold  edging,  on  which  are  the  heads 
of  Our  Lord  and  his  Apoltles,  as  are  thole  of  the  four 
Kvangelills  at  the  tour  corners.  The  whole  is  enamelled  ; 
and  the  intervals  between  the  figures  are  garnilhed  with 
jieurls  and  precious  Hones.     There  i-.  anotlier  Latin  ma- 
nulcript  in  folio  ot  the  tour  Ciolpels,    with  a  commen- 
tary by  St.  Jerom,  and  fine  miniature';,  liut  not  com- 
parable to  the  former.     There  r-  a  third  in  Cjothic  let- 
ters, the  corners  ot  which  are  .alio  enriched  vsith  pearls 
and  ])reciuUb   llones,    much  in  the  tame  manner  with 
the  firll,  with  a  Iquare  of  ivoiT  in  the  middle,    rejire- 
tenting  St.  John   baptizing   Our  Saviour.      The  liiid 
emperor  alto  gave  a  tine  large  Ihrine  of  gi^ld  lor  reiics, 
wliieli   is  alto  kt   with  precious  llones.      In  lliort,    it 
woukl  be  tedious  to  mention  tiie  vail  number  ot    anti- 
pendiums  ot  altar>,  which  are  c.'vtremeh  rich  ;  the  ean- 
dleftieks,    lullres,    lamps,    cenlors  ot    gold  and  lilver, 
ami  other  rich  articles  of  this  tivalliry. 

Here  is  an  ancient  church,  whole  iiont  is  adornctl 
with  the  llatues  of  feveral  i'amts  in  niches  ;  but  the  m- 
iide  is  very  indirterent.  llie  Dominicans  have  another, 
with  an  altar.  I'he  Augutliuc  friars  have  a  monalleiy, 
dcdicateil  to  St.  Stephen  ;  and  the  Benedidines  an  ab- 
bey, dedicated  to  St.  Michael,  and  luuiding  on  an 
eminence  ot  the  lame  name.  One  uf  its  abbots,  who 
was  a  great  botanill,  cauled  the  church  to  be  paiiued, 
wiihtn  and  without,  with  all  tijrts  ot  known  plants  and 
liniples,  A  couiuil  was  lield  at  this  city  in  loii,  to 
put  an  end  to  the  ditlerence  among  the  Gi.rni.in  bilhops; 
ar.vl,  in  the  time  of  Henry  IV  .  its  bilhop,  Otho,  con- 
verted the  Pomeranians  to  Chnllianit'/.  An  univcrlitv 
iv.is  toundetl  here  in  1653,  by  Melchoir  (Jtto,  one  of 
its  billu)])s.  There  are  leveral  public  touiil.iins  in  the 
tuwn  ,  but  no  lortilicatioiis  more  iIkui  its  ualls ;  lij  tiiat 
in  time  ot  war,  the  bilhoj)  relides,  and  has  commonly  a 
veiT  ilrong  garrilon,  at  l-"orcheim. 

Forcheim,  10  miles  ibuth-eall  fioni  Bamberg,  the 
Lacoritum  of  the  ancients,  is  dronglv  and  regu- 
larly tortilied,  having  walls  of  free-tlonc  on  the  con- 
Ikience  of  tlie  Witent  and  tlic  Rednit/;  yet  duke 
Ilernard,  of  Weymar,  the  Suedilh  general,  look  it  in 
1633,  at  the  tirfl.  onlet.  '1  he  buildings  are  generally 
lild,  and  out  ot  repair.  Huulrand  gi^'es  it  the  Latin 
name   ol    Korclianuin.     '1  here  is  a  popular  tradition 

•re,  that  this  was  the  country  of  I'oniius  I'date.  The 
I'arilh  clmrch  of  St.    Ma.liii  was  ma.le  collegiate   in 

The  neighbourhood  of  liambeip,  is  very  agreeable  ; 
but  .as  one  comes  toil  from  is'uremherL',  thniii"li  a  toreil 


fir-tree;,  tl 


lere  is  an  avenue  to  11  lor  a  ( 


I'.i, liter  ot    a 


league  in  length,  formed  of  wheels  anil  gibbets,  on 
which  an;  expoli;d  the  ^bodies  of  malefadors,  by  wliicli 
this  road  has  been  intdled  from  all  quarters ;  for  this 
bilhopric  being  contiguous  to  teven  or  eight  different 
Hates,  the  city  lies  la  the  grcatelt  road  of  all  Germany. 
This  city  had  formerly  a  wall  j  but  the  inhabitants,  lor 
their  rudcnels  to  the  bifliop  in  1435,  ^•^'''^"  condemned, 
at  the  council  of  Balil,  to  raze  tlie  walls,  and  never  to 
rebuild  them.  In  1609  the  Fopilh  boors  here  attempted 
to  plunder  the  Jews,  and  the  neighbouring  I'roteilants ; 
but  were  loon  tuppielled,  and  their  leaders  punilhed. 

The  Bilhopric  ot'  \\  urtzburg  extends  80  miles  in 
length,  and  60  in  breadth,  is  well  watered,  and  fertile 
in  corn,  truit,  hedis,  wine,  plants,  jullures,  &c. 

The  eltablilhed  religion  is  the  Roman  Catholic;  yet 
there  are  a  tew  much  opprelled  and  jjerfecuted  I'roteil- 
ants in  the  country.  Chrillianit)-  was  lirll  introduced  here 
by  St.  Kilian,  a  Scotchman,  about  tlie  end  of  the  teventh 
century:  and  St.  Burchard,  i!ie  lirll  bilhop,  w.ts  a|j- 
pointed  and  conl'ecrated  by  St.  Boniface,  who  is  alio  laid 
U)  have  been  a  Scotchman,  and  was  the  chiel  apotlle  of 
the  Germans,  and  firtl  archbilhop  nf  Mentz,  to  which 
lee  the  bilhoj)  ot  Wurlzburg  isfutliagan.  The  bilhop's 
title  runs  thus  :  "  Prince  ot  the  holy  Roman  empire, 
bilhop  of  Wurt/burg,  and  duke  of  call  Frankenland." 
His  revenue  amounts  to  about  6o,ooq1.  a  year,  with 
which  he  maintains  a  contiderable  bod)  of  troops,  even 
in  time  ot  peace,  with  a  I'plendid  court  and  houlhold, 
liorlj  and  toot  guards,  &c.  being  abllnlute  in  tem])orals, 
and  living  in  all  the  llate  ot  a  fovereign  temporal  prince, 
but  in  Ijurituals  an  .ajipeal  lies  againtl  him  to  his  metro- 
politan, or  toe  Pope's  nuncio.  His  chapter  conlilts  of  22 
capitular  ca., oils,  and  30  who  are  ilomiciled.  Thefe 
mull  all  be  of  n<  ble  birth,  and  each  has  an  income  of 
3000  German  crowns  per  annum.  The  bilhop  has 
iliC  honour  ot  the  pall  and  crols,  with  a  teat  and  voice 
111  tiie  ('lets  ot   the  eni])ire  and  circle. 

\\  urtzburg,  the  name  ot  tlie  c.ipital,  fignifies  a  town 
ot  heros,  a  gieat  variety  of  which  is  found  about  it. 
It  lland)  in  the  very  center  of  Franconia,  on  the  banks 
ot  the  Maine,  40  miles  well  of  Bamberg,  and  is  well 
fortified.  There  is  alio  a  Ilrong  tort  near  the  town, 
lontaining  an  epilcopal  pal.ice,  m.igazine,  and  a  church; 
but  the  paLice,  in  which  the  bilhop  utually  relides,  llands 
in  the  town,  and  is  a  noble  tlructure,  the  lirll  llonc  of 
whicn  was  laid  in  the  year  1720.  The  cathedral,  toge- 
ther with  a  leminary,  is  dedicated  to  St.  Kilian,  the  pa- 
tron of  Wurtzburg  and  Franconia.  As  this  citv  is  un- 
iler  the  dominion  ot  .an  eccleliallical  prince,  it  contains 
a  great  number  of  churches,  moiialleries,  nunneries, 
and  other  religious  tounilations.  Flere  alio  is  an  uni- 
verl'ity,  founded  in  1403;  a  houl'e  of  the  Teutonic  or- 
der, and  another  ot  the  order  ot  St.  John;  a  foundry 
for  cannon  and  bells,  a  handl()me  college,  and  leveral 
hotpitals  At  the  entrance  of  the  bridge,  over  the 
Maine,  is  a  triumphal  arch  of  hewn  flone.  Of  the  ab- 
bies,  one,  large  and  magnificent,  belongs  to  the  Scots  Be- 
nedictines. '1  he  cathedral,  an  aiKient  (jotliic  llruelure, 
is  richly  ailoined  witoin  with  Itatues,  altars,  pillars  ol 
marble  and  lilver,  finely  executed;  belides  paintings, 
Uuli.'iures,  gilding,  and  vcliel,  of  gold  and  filver. 
F,\ I  rv  thing  annoit  is  carved  and  gilt  in  the  church, 
luch  as  the  j  ulpit,  the  organs,  the  benches  tor  the  ca- 
nons, and  tl'.e  aitars.  Moll  of'  the  llatues  are  alio  gilt. 
The  great  liofpital  otSt.  Julian  here,  is  one  ot  the  rich- 
ell  and  moll  magnilicent  in  I'uroiie,  having  a  greater 
e'.l.ite  ,ind  income  llian  the  bilhop  lumlell.  In  the  callle 
IS  a  line  tr.iin  ot  artillery,  with  all  the  implemenls  necel- 
lary  lor  gunners,  and  vafl  ([uantities  ol  ammunition  in 
geiu'ial. 

'I'he  liiil  of  the  Franconian  Principalilies  of  the  Mar- 
graves of  BRANOENBURr,  IS,  upci.  tlic  wliolc,  fertile; 
and  the  mountains  abouiul  with  cop]ier,  lead,  fulphur, 
marble,  line  clay,  gold,  iron,  vitriol,  antimony, 
crvllal,  terra  ligillata,  lilver,  &c. 

The  country  contains  many  v.oods,  is  well  watered, 
and  abounds  inlilh.     'I'he  ellablilhed  religion  is  Luthe- 
ranllm  ,  but  Calvinills  and  Roman  Catholics  are  tole- 
rated. 


L  LI  ROPE.] 

rated.     The  : 
woollen  cloth, 

The  princi{ 

Bareith,  th 
palace,  creCln 
ran  and  one  C 
lie  vi..Micl,  &C 
and  in  he  nei 
called  the  He 

St.  Ciorgv  ■^■ 
noble  palace, 
nufaeiory,  &■: 

Streitburg, 
for  the  yellow 

Hot,  on  th 
manufadory, 
its   copi)er    ai 
madile  ;  .mil 
Rof/.Lui. 

CullemlMcl 
telberg,  nor  I 
ot  the  rivulet 
to  be  the  vc 
plundered  by 
proach  of  tl 
princes  their 
able  to  I'utlair 
with  their  bv 
BlalVenburg,  ' 
.ulvanced  to 
a  great  boot 
and  demolilhi 
wards  obligei 
In  it  are  ke 
Brandenburg, 
plomas,  ads, 
pieces. 

Near  Weil 
formerly  mini 
its  name  froi 
perch. 

Lechtenbei 
baili.viek,  in 
feveral  forts  o 

Golderonai 
was  formerly 
found  hereabi 

Lrlaiig  is 
cr.lled )  of  th 
the  Rednitz 
into  the  Oli' 
called  Chritl 
margrave  Ch: 
tow  lis  in  Ger: 
almiill  envin 
taming  a  nu 
univerlity,  ai 
are  alio  cam 
llr.ckmgs. 

Neulladt, 
the  principali 
name    to   a 
margraves  ai\ 
tluilu   of   .'\ll 

Tlie  Bilho 
I  'i)per  Palati 
burg,  the  CO 
of  Anlpach. 
in  length  ;  bi 
very  unequal 
but  lutVragan 
()  and  lo,occ 
and  14  dom 
delcents.  T 
inhabitants  a 
was  founded 
Wilibald,  alt. 
ilrll   bilhop  t 


ht' 


lY. 

s  and  gil)l)ets,   on 

cl'aCtors,   by  wliicli 

quarters;    for  this 

or  eight  dirtcrcnt 

ad  of  all  (jcrmaiiy. 

ic  inhahitanis,  lor 

vmtl-  condciuiitd, 

vails,  and  iK-wr  to 

oors  here  attempted 

>uiiiig  rrotellants ; 

eaders  ])unin)ed. 

xteinis  So  miles  in 

atered,    and  t'ertilL- 

I'allures,  &c. 

man  Catholic;    yet 

Ijerlecuted  I'rotell- 

irll  intioduced  here 

cend  of  the  leventii 

ll   hilhop,    was  ajj- 

ace,  \\\\i)  i.sah'o  laid 

the  chiet  ajjulUe  ot 

1   Meiit/,  to  uiiieli 

i!;an.    The  liilhop's 

ly   Romaa  empire, 

eall  I'rankenland." 

oool.  a  year,  with 

'(hI)  ot  troops,  even 

oiiit   and   houlliold, 

)lblute  in  tcm])oraN, 

ign  temporal  prince, 

II  him  to  hismetio- 

hapterconlills  of  22 

domicileil.      Thcfe 

1  has  an  income  ot' 

The  liilhop   has 

itli  a  teat  and  voice 

ital,  fignifios  a  town 
is  found  about  it. 
iconia,  on  the  banks 
mbLrg,  and  is  well 
tort  near  the  town, 
azine,  am!  a  church; 
ilually  relides,  llands 
"e,  the  lirll  ilone  of 
riie  catheilral,  togc- 
oSt.  Kilian,  thepa- 
As  tins  city  is  uii- 
1  i)rince,  it  contains 
lalleries,  nunneries, 
lore  allj  is  an  uni- 
ot  the  Teutonic  or- 
.  John  ;  a  foundry 
;ollege,  and  feveral 
c  bridge,  over  tlie 
1  ilone.  Of  the  ab- 
jngs  to  the  Scots  Be- 
nt (jothic  Ibuclurc, 
;,  altars,  |>illars  of 
i  betides  |)aintings, 
if  gold  and  filver. 
;ilt  in  tlie  church, 
bciniies  tor  the  ca- 
llatue^  are  alio  gilt. 
.",  is  one  ot  the  rich- 
,  having  a  greater 
limtell.  in  thec.illle 
IC  implements  iiecel- 
•  of  ammunition  in 

iixiliiiesof  the  Mar- 
ihe  whole,  fertile  ; 
)|)':r,  lead,  l'ul|)iiur, 
viiriol,     antimony. 

Is,  is  well  watered, 
d  ri'ligion  is  I. ul he- 
Catholics  are   lulo- 
rated. 


LLIROPE.] 


German  empire. 


rated.     The  manufailuies  are  of  ftockings,  porcelain, 
woollen  cloth,  hats,  white  and  brown  earthen  ware,  itc. 

The  principal  places  arc  the. following  : 

Bareith,  th^  capital,  which  contains  a  magnificent 
palace,  erectid  fubtequent  to  the  year  1753,  two  Luthe- 
ran aiul  one  Calvinill  church,  a  mint,  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic ^i..ii)cl,  &c.  The  feat  ot  the  high  colleges  is  here  ; 
anil  in  Sc  neiglibourhood,  in  a  vsuud,  is  a  neat  lioufc, 
called  the  Hermitage. 

St.  (iorg.  n-am-lce,  a  town  on  a  lake,  contains  a 
noble  palace.  lu.-J  gardens  a  porcelain  anil  marble  ina- 
nulactory,  &  :. 

Streitl)urg,  i  market  town,  h.is  a  caftle,  and  is  famous 
for  the  yellow  narble  dug  in  its  environs. 

Hot,  on  the  Saale,  contains  four  churches,  a  woollen 
inanutacton',  and  a  gvmn.tlium ;   Neila  is  famous  fv 
Its    ci)[)i)er    and    iron    mine'',    and    cjuarries  ot    green 
marble  ;  .iiul  W'inliedel  is  a  conliderable  town  on  the 
Rjf/.Lui. 

CuUembach  llands  on  the  Maine,  not  far  from  Fich- 
telbeig,  nor  trom  the  Iburcc  ol  the  Red  Maine,  one 
ot  the  rivulets  that  tnrms  the  Maine.  Some  take  thin 
to  be  the  very  center  of  Ciermany.  In  1430  it  was 
plundered  by  the  Hullites.  In  155,^,  upon  the  ap- 
pniai-h  of  the  inhabitants  ol  Nuremberg,  with  the 
prmcc-  their  allie-,,  the  citizen'-,  liiKJing  they  were  not 
iiiile  to  lullain  a  licg'-,  let  tire  to  the  toAii,  and  retired, 
uiih  their  Ixll  elKcl--,  to  the  neighbouring  .atlle  of 
Hl.illeiiburg,  or  I'lallenburg.  Their  enemies,  however, 
advanced  to  the  town,  extinguiihed  the  llames,  made 
a  great  booty,  took  the  calUe,  alter  a  long  liege, 
and  ilemolilhed.  it  :  but  the  Nurembergers  were  atter- 
wards  obliged  to  rebuild  it  ;  ,ind  it  is  well  fortirted. 
In  11  are  kept  the  ancient  records  of  the  family  of 
Brandenburg,  confilling  ot  title-deetls,  Imjierial  di- 
plomas, acts,  and  other  important  and  fundamental 
piece;. 

Near  Weifl'enftadt,  an  old  town  on  the  Hger,  were 
formerly  mines  ot  tin  and  cryllal.  A  iarge  lake  takes 
its  name  from  it,  abouniiing  with  delicious  carp  and 
perch. 

Lechtenberg  is  a  market  town,  giving  name  to  a 
baili.vick,  in  which  are  a  cojiper  and  iron  mine,  belides 
leveral  ibrts  of  marble  and  nudicinal  Iprings. 

Gokleronach  is  a  town  on  the  river  Cronach,  where 
wa->  formerly  a  gold  mine.  Marble  of  various  kinds  is 
found  hereabouts. 

l^il.ing  is  one  of  the  lix  hcail-towns  (as  they  are 
ci.lled)  of  the  principalitv,  lituatei.!  at  the  conllux  of 
the  Redniti!  with  the  Schwabach,  and  diltinguilhcd 
iiito  the  OKI  and  New.  The  latter,  which  is  alio 
called  Chrillian-  f'.rlang,  having  been  begun  by  the 
margrave  Chrillian  Krnell,  in  1686,  is  one  of  the  tincll 
towns  in  Germaiiv.  it  lies  dole  to  Old  Erlang,  being 
alniod  environed  with  a  wall  of  trec-llone,  and  con- 
taining a  nurgravial  pal.ice,  with  a  line  garden,  an 
univeriilv,  atul  feveral  churches.  Some  manufadures 
are  alio  carrietl  on  here,  elpecially  thole  ot  hats  and 
llockings. 

Neulladt,  on  the  Aifch,  one  of  the  head-towns  of 
the  principality,  contains  a  margravial  palace,  and  gives 
name  to  a  bailiwick.  HLlides  this  principality,  the 
m.irgraves  ai\  potielied  of  conliderable  tiefs  in  the  arch- 
duchy of  .Aullria. 

The  Hilhoiiric  of  Kiciistett  is  bounded  by  the 
1 'p]ier  Palatinate,  Upj  cr  B.ivaria,  the  duchy  ot  Neu- 
Inirg,  ilie  county  of  I'apinheim,  and  the  ])rincipality 
ol  .Anip.ich.  It  is  a  truitful  couiury,  about  40  miles 
m  length;  but  the  breadth  is  fmall  in  comi)arilon,  and 
very  unequal.  The  billio])  is  a  prince  of  the  empire. 
Inn  lutlragan  of  Mentz,  anil  has  a  revenue  ot  between 
9  and  io,ocol.  The  chapter  conlills  of  14  capitulars, 
.ind  14  donuciletl,  who  nmll  all  be  noblemen  by  16 
delcents.  There  are  few  landed  eflates  here  ;  and  the 
inluibiiants  are  all  Roman  Catholics.  The  bilhopric 
was  toiiiideil  by  St.  Boniface,  who  made  his  tiller's  l()n, 
^Viliballl,  alterwards  •.■;'nonized  by  f)ope  BenetliCl  Xlli. 
lull   bilhop  thereof,  m  the  year  745,     Here  are  the 


jil 


ulual  hereditaiy  otiices,  and  high  colleges.  Tiic  billiop 
IS  perpetual  chancellor  of  the  univerlit-  of  IngoUladt, 
and  lord  of  feveral  fiefs  poircHed  by  ji  inces  and  counts. 
The  only  conliderable  place  in  the  bilhopric  is 

Eichflett,  or  Aichftadt,  i.  e.  the  'Jown  or  City  of 
Oaks,  fo  called  from  the  huge  oaks  that  formedy  grew 
near  it.  Here,  belides  an  e|)ifco|)al  palace,  and  a  ca- 
thedral, dedicated  to  our  Lady,  are  feveral  cloitlers  and 
churches,  with  a  larg-  college.  In  St.  Werburg's 
church  is  a  rock,  or  altar,  as  it  is  lliled,  containing 
the  breaft  bones  of  the  faint,  from  which,  what  they 
call  an  oil,  but  which,  in  reality,  is  only  a  vaj)our, 
(for  it  neither  burns  nor  fwims  upon  the  lurtacc  of  wa- 
ter,) is  liiid  to  flow,  and  force  itiell  through  the  Ilone 
twice  a  year.  This  holy  oil  is  put  up  in  fmall  phials 
for  the  ufc  of  pilgrims,  and  other  devotees,  who  arc 
allured  of  its  miraculous  virtues,  and  for  lliat  rcalon 
relbrt  hither  in  great  numbers  to  purchafe  tome  of  it, 
and  j>ay  their  devotions  to  the  bones  of  the  taint.  It 
has  a  curious  cathedral,  to  which  one  of  their  bilhops 
prelented  a  fine  jjixis  for  the  hod,  wh  ch  is  of  pure 
gold,  in  I'orm  of  a  tun,  of  great  weight,  tumptuoully 
adorned  with  diamonds,  fine  pearis,  rubies,  and  leveral 
other  precious  Hones.  In  1704  this  town  was  taken 
by  a  French  detachment.  It  lies  in  a  valley  ;  but  the 
billiop  relides,  tor  mofl  part,  at  the  fortrels  ofW'illi- 
baldlberg,  commonly  called  Walperlbcrg,  which  is 
abou;  two  miles  oft',  upon  a  hill.  The  archives  are 
kept  here ;  and  it  likewiie  contains  an  arfenal  and 
library. 

The  Trincipaiity  of  Anspach  has  Wurtzburg  on  the 
weft,  Bamberg  on  the  north  and  call,  and  Swabia  o.i 
the  fouth.  It  yields  grain,  wine,  iron,  timber,  fruits,, 
tobacco,  marble,  medicinal  Ijirings,  &c. 

Some  parts  are  mountainous  ;  yet  the  others  produce 
good  pallure,  in  which  abundance  of  cattle  are  both 
bred  and  fed.  The  wootls  are  well  tlorcd  with  game ; 
and  the  rivers  with  filh.  The  chief  of  the  latter  are 
the  Rednitz,  the  Altmuhl,  the  jaxt,  the  W  ornetz,  and 
the  Tauber.  This  i)rinci[)ality,  exclulive  of  that  of 
Bareith,  brings  a  conliderable  revenue  to  its  lovercign. 
'i"he  predominant  religion  is  Lutheranifm  ;  but  at 
.Schwabach  the  Calvinills  have  the  free  cxercife  of 
theirs.  At  Anipach  is  a  military  academy .  The  prin- 
cipal manutaclures  of  the  country  are  ta])eflry,  llock- 
ings, cloth,  llutfs,  gold  and  filver  lace,  wire,  needles, 
jiorcelain,  leather,  ami  mirrors.  The  reigning  mar- 
grave has  a  teat  ami  voice  in  the  college  of  princes,  and 
at  the  diets  of  the  empire  and  circle.  His  military 
ellablilliment  is  a  lite-guard  of  hort'e,  and  one  regi- 
ment ot  toot.  The  principal  places  in  the  j)rincipa- 
lity  are, 

Anipach,  the  capital,  which  flands  on  the  Undcr- 
Retza*,  and  contains  a  palace,  in  which  the  margraves 
commonly  relide.  Here  the  chief  courts,  councils, 
and  offices  are  held.  There  is  alto  a  public  library 
here,  with  a  colleclion  of  mcilals,  a  mint,  a  gymna- 
liuin,  a  porceLiin  manufadory,  'jarr.acks  for  tome  com- 
panies of  foot,  belides  two  garden",  with  a  fine  oran- 
gery and  grecn-houle,  belonging  to  the  prince,  and  le- 
veral churches.  The  town  is  thrall,  but  well  built,  and 
furroundetl  with  wall'-. 

Bruckberg  is  a  beautiful  pleature-houfe  belonging  to 
the  margrave.  Handing  on  an  eminence. 

Schwaback,  on  a  river  of  the  lame  name,  is  popu- 
lous, and  carries  on  great  trade  in  gokl,  iron,  brafs, 
cloths,  tapclliy,  llockings,  tilver,  tleel,  hardwares, 
llutls,  lace,  and  tobacco. 

The  Teuionic  Ouder  of  Knights  was  founded 
in  the  year  1190,  in  Palelline ;  and  were,  at  firll, 
called  Knights  ol  the  \'irgin  Mary,  or  Brothers  of  the 
'i'eiitonic  Houl'e  of  our  Lady  ot  Jerulalem.  They 
mull  be  all  (iermans,  and  ot  ancient  nobility.  They 
are  to  biiul  themfelves  by  vows  to  det'eiid  tlieCiirillian 
religion,  and  the  Holy  Laiul,  and  to  protect  and  airill 
the  poor  and  the  lick.  In  the  years  i::6  and  1228, 
after  they  had  been  obliged  to  quit  Palelline,  they  ob- 
tained a  grant  of  all  the  lands  they  Ihould  conquer  from 

t!ie 


I 


^1 


i-)^ 


^  Vl 


fii 


A  Ni:\v  AND  Authentic  sy?;Tem  of  unkf.rsai.  cnocRAPiiY. 


)    '!• 


*  ■    v. 


the  Pagan  Pmnbns ;  whereupon  they  fulxlucd  all 
FrufTia,  CourKuul.  Semigallia,  ami  Livonia ;  Init  attcr- 
wards  loll  tlicni  all.  The  fupcrior  ot  this  Ipiritual  or- 
der is  lliletl  the  Grand  and  Teutonic  Mailer,  Adniinil- 
trator  ot  the  Grand  Maftcrdoni  in  Pruliia,  Mailer  ot 
the  Teutonic  Order  in  Germany  and  Italy,  arul  Lord 
of  Freudenthal  and  Kulenberi;,.  He  is  a  prince  of  the 
empire,  and,  as  luch,  has  a  leat  and  vote  in  the  diet-. 
of  me  empire,  and  of  this  circle.  Both  Roman  Catho- 
lics and  ProtcthuUs  may  be  invdled  with  the  order; 
anil  the  Proteilant  kui^hts  are  permitted  to  marry. 
The  elUto,  whidi  tlu-y  are  polilllLd  of  in  (iermany, 
were  obtained  partly  by  purchale,  and  iiartly  by  dona- 
tion, anil  conlill  of  what  i-.  properly  called  me  inallc-r- 
cloni  ot  Mergentheim,  and  twelve  bailiwicks.  The 
Ciraiui-Mallcr  is  cholen  by  tlie  cliapter,  conlilling  ot 
the  counfellors  and  commander-,  or  commeiulers  ;  the 
latter  ot  whom  are  adniiniUralors  and  judges  ot  the 
bailiwicks  and  comiiuiuierics ;  but,  in  weij!,ht\  matters, 
an  ajipeal  lies  from  them  to  tiie  Grand-Malier.  'I  he 
tounkilors  alio,  and  the  comnienders,  arc  choten  by 
the  chapter;  the  latter  out  oi  the  tormer,  and  ton- 
tinned  bv  the  (irand-Maller. 

The  County  of  HennebeRc  is  about  C4  miles  in 
length,  and  nearly  ;Li  much  in  breadth.  Belides  con- 
lidcrable  quantities  of  grain,  it  \ielils  alto  tobacco, 
medicinal  and  lalt-fprings.  with  mines  ot  tilvcr,  coj)- 
ptr,  and  iron.  Tiie  chief  river  is  the  \\  erra,  into 
which  leveral  tinaller  llreams  t.ill.  The  inhabitants 
are  all  Lutherans,  except  at  Schmalkakien,  where  the 
Calvinifts  have  a  church.  The  chief  manufae'lures  ot 
the  countv  .'ire  thole  of  arms,  haiil-ware,  anil  tullian--. 
The  proprietors  of  it  are  the  elector  ot  Saxony,  tlie 
dukes  of  S.ixc-Weimar,  Meinungen,  (iotha,  Cohuig- 
Saallield,  Hilhurghaufen,  and  the  landgr.-ve  ot  Helle- 
Caliel.  Some  ot  thefe  princes  are  entii.ed  by  it  to 
voices  in  the  diets  ot  the  empire  and  circle  ;  and  all  ot 
them  contribute  to  the  jiavmcnt  of  its  ati'eirment  to  the 
empire  and  eh.unbocoun.  The  principal  places  m 
the  county  are, 

Sehlenliiigeii,  Iving  on  the  little  river  Schlenz,  and 
belonging,  with  its  bailiwick,  and  leveral  others,  to 
the  elector  of  Saxony.  Here  is  a  callle,  in  which  the 
prince:,  of  Henneberg  uted  lometimes  to  retiile.  The 
town  is  not  large,  but  has  a  gymnal'ium  in  it,  belong- 
ing in  common  to  all  the  duke",  ot  S«\ony,  who  have 
a  Ih.are  in  the  county,  and  a  commander}-  ot  the  order 
of  St.  John.  Not  tar  Iroin  it  is  a  meiiicinal  ijiring, 
called  \\'ilhelmllirun. 

llnienau  l^  a  tmall  town  on  the  Ilm,  belonging  to 
Saxe-Wcnnar,  and  containing  a  nnne-otFice,  on  ac- 
count ot  the  copper  and  lllver  mines  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, which  were  formerly  more  tonliderable  than  at 
pretent. 

Meinungen  is  a  town  lituated  on  the  river  Werra,  and 
giving  title  to  a  branch  of  the  hotife  ot  Saxe-( iotha, 
who  have  a  {)alaee  in  it,  with  a  hbrar)'  and  eabinet  of 
medah.  In  this  palace  alii)  are  kept  the  I  lennciierg 
archives,  belonging  in  common  to  the  princes  ot  Saxon\ . 
In  the  neighbourhood  (>t  this  town  tobacco  is  much 
ru!tivate<l. 

Sal/iungen  is  a  tiiiall  town  on  the  Werra,  taking  its 
name  trom  its  talt  Ijirings,  and  belonging  to  Saxe- 
Meiiuiiigen.     Near  it  alio  is  a  medicinal  ipnng. 

Schmalkalden  is  a  large,  po|  uious,  thriving  town, 
having  fill  f'.'Pne^.  and  a  citadel  near  it  calleil  \\  il- 
helnilburg.  A  great  trade  is  carried  on  In  re  in  iron 
;uid  lleel  wares,  there  luing  mines  of  iron  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, and  loiges  in  the  town,  whidi  is  tamous  in 
hillory,  on  account  of  tlie  meeiinj.s  held  in  it  by  the 
Proteilant  princes,  concerning  the  reformation,  and 
the  league  cone-luded  by  them  in  15JI.  This  town, 
together  with  leveral  bailiwicks  and  dillricts,  belongs 
to  the  landgrave  of  Helle-Calli.1. 

'I'he  County  ot  Scnw  ar  r/.i-Niifiu;  is  about  16  miles 
in  length,  but  very  n.irrow  in  i)roportion.  Some  of 
the  inhaliilants  are  Roman  Catholics,  and  ion^c  Lu- 
therans.    I'he  prince  has  a  feat  and  vuiee  iji  the  col- 


lege of  princes  in  the  tlicts  of  the  empire  and  circle  ; 
and  is  pt)fii.'lled  ot  other  eflates  in  the  empire  beiules 
this  county. 

The  County  ot  Hoiienloiie  is  20  miles  long,  and 
nearly  as  many  broad,  tolerably  fertile,  and  well  wa- 
tered ;  and  the  only  conlidcrable  j)lacc  is 

Ochrengen,  the  capital,  lituated  on  the  Ochren, 
containing    two   palaces,    a    gymnatium,    and    lever.1l 


The    C  I  R  C  L  I:    of    A  L'  S  T  R  1  A 

'T'H  l",  circle  of  Aiillria  is  bounded  on  the  north  bv 
-*■  Moravia,  Hohemia,  and  the  circle  of  Bavaiia;  on 
the  Ibuth  by  the  Adriatic  Sea,  and  the  territory  of  Ve- 
nice ;  on  tlie  call  b\  I  lungar\  ;  and  on  the  well  bv  Swit- 
zerland. It  i^  the  largell  circle,  and  the  tirll  in  rank, 
in  { Iermany  i  anil  the  inhabitants,  in  general,  are  Ro- 
man Catholics.  The  principal  part  of  it  belongs  to  the 
illullrious  houfe  which  bears  its  name,  and  which  l.aili 
been  upwarils  of  300  years  in  poliellion  ot  the  li:i- 
l)erial  dignitv. 

The  Arihiluehy  ot  Austria  is  divided  in  I'ppir 
and  Lower;  the  tormer  being  lituated  wcllwani,  and 
the  latter  eaflwaril.  It  is  bouiuleel  by  Bohemia  on  the 
north,  Stiria  on  the  li.)utli,  Bavaria  on  the  well,  and 
Hungary  on  the  call.  It  extends  near  70  miles  from 
north  to  lijuth,  on  both  tides  the  Danube.  It  is,  in 
general,  level,  fertile,  and  well  watered.  Th.e  diets  coii- 
lili  of  jirinces,  counts,  provotls,  barons,  kniglits,  bilhojjs, 
abbots,  and  town  reprelentatives ;  and  in  them  they 
;reat  of  contnbutions,  taxes,  mihtaiT  afiairs,  &c. 
The  diets  ot  Lower  Aullria  is  held  at  Vienna,  and 
that  of  I'liper  Aullria  at  Lent/..  The  Proteilant  re- 
ligion, for  tome  time  fubieijuent  to  the  reformation, 
made  a  very  conlidcrable  [irogrefs ;  but  at  length  was 
prol'cribed,  and,  in  a  manner,  fupprelVed.  The  areh- 
liilhop  of  \ienna  is  a  prince  of  the  holy  Roman  ein- 
jiire,  and  bears  the  jiall  and  croi's.  The  manuiaciures 
are  lilks,  cloth,  llockings,  mirror-,  plate,  hard-wares, 
gold  and  lilver  lace,  lluft's,  lin  n,  porcelain,  brals, 
gunpowder,  gcc.  (jreat  quantiiies  ot  alliim,  tiitJioii, 
wine,  &c.  are  exjiorted  ;  but  tew  commodities  are 
])ermittcd  to  be  im|K.'rted  ;  anil  thole  which  are  allowed 
are  loaded  with  lo  many  impolls  and  liuiies,  as  to 
aiuount  almotl  to  a  prohibition.  At  \'ienna  there  1, 
a  ihamber  ot  commerce,  an  exchange,  and  a  loan  bank, 
which  was  ellabiilheil  in  the  year  1704. 

Lower  Austria  was  divided  into  four  circles  i;i 
the  year  1753.  two  of  thele  are  lituated  on  the  I'outii, 
and  two  on  the  north,  tide  ot  the  Danube.  '1  holt  lo 
the  louthward  are  calleil  the  circles  below  and  al".iv.; 
the  tbrefl  ut  Vienna;  and  thole  to  the  northward,  the 
circles  below  and  above  the  mountain  ot  Manhartlberg. 
The  ])rincipal  places  in  Lower  Aullria  are  tlie  fol- 
lowing : 

\  ienna,  not  only  the  cajiital  of  the  circle  of  Lower 
Aullria,  Init  the  metropolis  of  the  whole  German  em- 
pire, and  the  reliilence  ot  the  emiieror,  is  lituateil  in 
48  deg.  14  min.  north  kit.  and  16  deg.  57  min.  call 
long.  This  city,  which  is  walereil  by  the  Danube,  r, 
b\  I  lie  Turks,  called  Beez  ;  by  the  natives  VVien;  and, 
b\  the  Poles,  Wieden.  The  Danube  is  here  very 
wide,  and  forms  leveral  beautiliil  itlanils,  which  aie 
well  flocked  with  wood.  This  city  was  famous  in  the 
time  of  the  Romans;  but  lince  that  period  we  ha\e 
but  very  little  account  of  it  till  the  year  1158,  when 
Henry  1.  ol  Aullria,  rebuilt  it.  in  1192  it  was  en- 
larged, beautilieil,  and  lurrounded  by  a  wall,  with  the 
money  jiaiil  for  the  ranlom  ot  Richard  1.  king  ot  V.Ly- 
land.  This  ranlcim  was  140,000  marks  of  lilver,  in 
Cologne  Weight  ;  lo  p-odigious  a  lum  tor  tholi'  times, 
that  the  1-^nglilh  were  forced  to  tell  their  church-plate 
to  raile  it.  It  was  made  an  Imperial  citv  liy  hrederii;. 
II.  in  1236;  but  tour  years  after  it  became  tubjeci  ti 
the  houle  of  Aullria.  j'Eneas  Sylvius,  who  wrote  .;t 
leall  250  years  ago,  lays,  this  city  abiiunded  wit  1 
palaces  tit  lor  kii.j^s,   and  cburcln's  wliith  \ied  wn'i 

tho'- 


I 


\ 


lY. 

cmpii'c  anil  ciicU- ; 
ihc  cmpliv  iKliiiis 

20  miles  loiii;,  and 
crtilc,  anil  will  \va- 
acc  is 

III  on  the  Ochrcn, 
wliuiu,    and    Icvcnil 


,  L'STRI  A 

dal  on  tlic  north  hv 
cialc  ot  Havana  ;  on 
I  the  icrritory  ot  Vc- 
1  on  I  Ik  well  b\  Swu- 
antl  the  liill  \n  rank, 
,,  in  {general,  are  Ru- 
•t  of  a  l)elon<2,s  to  ihc 
liinie,  anil  vvhieii  l'.a;h 
I'liliiliion  ot    the   Ir.i- 

is  iliviikil  in  V\\«.r 
lualeil  welUvarii,  ami 
x\  bv  Bohemia  on  the 
iria  on  the  well,  ar.il 
Js  near  70  miles  troni 
lie  Danube.  It  is,  1:1 
k'reil.  'I'l'.e  diets  eon- 
irons,  knij2,hts,  bilhops 
s;    and  ni  them  tliey 

militarv    aftairs,    Ke. 

held   at   Vienna,    and 
.     The   Protcilant   re- 
it   to  the   n.t'ormatiun, 
I's ;    but  at  length  was 
iiliprelVeil.     The  arch- 
r  the  holy  Roman  em- 
)l's.     The  manuiaciures 
•ors,  I'late,  hard-\\are>, 
n  n,    iioreelain,    brats, 
lies  ot    allum,   latlVon, 
tcw  commodities  are 
thole  which  are  allowed 
oils  and  liuiies,    as  to 

1. 

lan:. 


At  Vienna  there  ii 
, ,  and  a  loan  bank. 


704-      .  .    ,      . 

\\    into   tour  circles  in 
V  liiuated  on  the  ibulli, 
Danube.     1  hole  to 
11. 1'.-'  below  and  abovo 
to  the  northward,  the 
iit.un  ot  Manhaniberg. 
Aullria   are    ilie  tol- 

ot  the  circle  of  Lower 
the  whole  (ierman  eiu- 
emiieror,  is   lituated  in 
16  deg.   57  min.   ealt 
■,!   by  tlie  Danube,  i-, 
the  natives  \\  ien  i  and, 
Danulie    is    here   \ery 
.titul  itlandb,    which  aie 
iitv  was  tamous  in  the 
.0  that  [eriod  we    ha\e 
ill   ll.e   Mar  1158,  when 
111   liy2   it  was   en- 
ided  by  a  wall,  with  the 
Richard  1.   king  ot  V.uy- 
,oco  marks  of  lilver,  la 
a  luin   for  thole  tiiiie-, 
10  tell  their  i  iiureh-plate 
upcrial  city  liy  l-iedeni.. 
Iter  it  became  lubjeci  t  ■> 
,  S\lvius,  who  wrote  at 
his   city  abounded  wii  1 
urcliwi   which  \led  wn  . 
1  li.y  ■ 


n'Rorn.]  c;  i:  r  m  a  *- 

thole  of  ItalVi  a  charai^er  which  it  deferves  mucli 
better  now,  evX-n  lhoUi;Ii  it  has  lultaiiKiJ  divers  nienn)- 
rable  flexes ;  [articularly  by  Matthias  Coivin,  kiii;j,  01 
Hun|',.iry,  who  took  it  in  149^.  and  d'..d  hen-  in  1495. 
Uy  llie  grand  teignior,  Sr.lim.ui  the  Magniiicent,  in 
15Z9,  when  he  m.ule  20  attack;  u;)on  it  with  •;co,ooo 
men;  hut  Philip,  elect -t  laLitinc,  bravely  uclended 
it;  and  the  ciiiijeror,  C'liarle;  \  .  coiivng  to  its  relief 
with  yo,coo  men,  ubligeil  tiic  Turks  d  raile  the  liepe 
on  tile  14th  ot  OCiober  loiio.vin;.  liy  the  Turks  in 
I5j:iainl  154,?;  and  :\g;in  in  16S;,  wlien  Kara  Muf- 
tap.a,  grand  vizir,  lulu^al  it  wiih  ico.ooo  men,  who 
cannonaded  it  from  the  ;.;th  of  July  t  )  the  beginning 
I'l  .Sj[.teinber,  and  laid  part  oi  the  Impend  pak.c  , 
as  well  as  leveial  other  giv.ad  llruftures,  in  allie-  :  but 
count  Staieiuberg,  though  reduceil  to  yeat  lliaiiv,  gal- 
lantly IkKI  it  out  till  relieved  by  John  Sobiefki,  king  of 
I'ol.md,  w I'.o  came  ui)  with  his  army  ;  and,  being  joineil 
b\  the  Imperiaiiil-.undjrtheela-tors.jf  S.ixony,  B.iva  ia, 
aiid  Ifmover,  Cli.irle-,  late  liuk:  ot  Lorrain.  and  tiie 
brave  ))rince  t^ugene,  attacked  the  biliei^jCrs  on  ihe 
lilhof  Sepremlier,  N.  S.  and  totally  routed  th.::a ; 
fo  that  they  not  only  quiit.ii  their  camp,  but  their  can- 
non and  baggage  ;  ami  the  vi/.ir,  who  leli  his  tent  tor 
the  king  of    Poland  to  tl.ep  in,    w.i>,    by  the  gr.md 


is  M  V  I  R  1-. 


rSi 


feignior's  older,  llrangled, 


leiuin  to  Belgrade. 


On  the  lyth  of  April,  17:5,  a  ii\.ii\  ot  peace  was 
Cir;;cluded  here  belween  the  eniperor  and  Spain,  atter 
four  )ears  had  been  I'pei.t,  in  lilllebut  ceremony,  at  the 
congivls  ot  Cambray.  On  the  lOtii  ot  March,  17,^1, 
ihal  called  the  llcnnd  \'iel\na  treaty  ot  peace  and  al- 
liance was  concluded  here,  belween  the  emperor  and 
fireat  Briiain,  wlier.'by  the  latter  guaranteed  the  Prag- 
ni.ilic  Sanclioii ;  and  the  former  conlented  to  the  in- 
trodurtion  o(  the  6oco  Spaniards  into  Italy;  and  loon 
after  agreed  to  the  fame  with  t!ie  kiii;^  of  Spain  him- 
lelf,  by  that  called  the  thi;d  lieaiv  of  Vienna,  chi- 
cluded  the  22(1  I'f  July  1.  jlloiviiig,  between  the  eni- 
peivir,  Oeat  Britain,  and  Spam. 

Fklides  the  old  inner  wall,  wh.iih  wa-.  built  with  the 
ranliiiii-money  of  our  king  Ricliard  1.  this  city  is  wjU 
tortificd,  .after  the  modern  mar.ner,  with  large  bro.id 
ballions,  faced  with  brick,  and  edged  with  tree-done, 
vi/.  I  10  towards  the  river;  ten  towards  the  land  ;  and 
a  v.;y  deep  di'eh.  jnti^  whleh  they  can  let  the  river, 
but  generally  keep  it  dry,  for  the  lake  of  their  cellars. 
Ineludii.g  the  fuburbs,  It  is  of  large  circuit;  but  rhe 
lity  itl'elt  is  not  aliove  three  mlle>  round..  It  is  ver) 
populous  and  ni\er  without  liranger  ,  in  the  habits 
nt  mod  ol'  the  lairojiean  nations;  here  being  generally 
not  lets  than  _;o  amballiulors,  and  other  minillers,  ai 
a  time,  Irom  foreign  princes  and  llates,  and  Irom  tlie 
princes  and  Hates  of  the  empire,  belidcs  vail  iiumbeis 
o\  qu.ilitv  ot  the  heredilaiy  d'.)minion  ,  who  are  ol- 
t;  n  at  court.  Bur  no  Turkilli  ambatlador  is  ever  p.er- 
iiiitted  to  lodge  in  the  city.  It  contains  about  6oo,ooj 
fouls.  Some  of  the  houles  are  well-built  oi  llone,  fix 
fleiries  high,  vvilh  Hat  roots  after  the  Italian  manner; 
but  tholl.-  whiJi  ,ire  otherwite,  are  generally  contempti- 
ble, being  covered  with  pieces  of  timber,  in  the  lli.ipe 
ol'  tiles.  The  llreels  are  cf  a  middling  li.'.e  ;  and 
many  oi'  the  houles  have  f',)Ui  cellars,  one  under  ano- 
ther, with  an  open  ij-.ace  in  tlie  middle  ot  each  arched 
root',  for  a  communication  i.l  air;  anil  from  the  lowcr- 
moll  of  all  there  is  a  tube  to  the  lop,  to  let  in  the  air 
tr. 'in  the  llreets.  Tlie  malignity  of  the  air,  which 
miglil  be  more  unwliolefomc  were  it  not  for  tlie  wiiuls, 
is  generally  alcribed  to  the  loads  of  mud  and  dirt  in 
the  llreets,  owing  to  the  neglecl  of  the  Icavengers. 
Between  the  city  and  lliburbs,  all  round  the  wall, 
there  is  an  cm]ny  fpace  of  about  6co  paces  in  breadth, 
in  which  none  arc  permitted  to  build.  The  city  con- 
tains above  1500  houles,  29  churches,  and  8  chapels. 

This  city  was  at  firll  a  bilhoprie,  but  is  now  the  lee 
of  an  archbilhop.  Its  cathedral,  dedicated  to  St.  Ste- 
plieii.  founded  by  Henry  I.  of  yVullria,  and  linilhed  by 
lii.iiv  II.  is  a  ilately  fabric;  but  the  windows  are 
darkened  by  its  p;viiitedglafs.  The  lleepleand  l'i)ire  are 
No.  7; 


the  fincll  in  OciTTianv.  It  is  480  feet  high;  njid  un- 
der the  crol's,  on  the  to]),  there  were  tormerlv  the'l'urk- 
ilh  arms,  a  half-moon  and  lla.,  let  u\)  by  tlie  citizens; 
becaulc,  when  Soiiman  the  Magnilicent  belio'ed  the 
city,  lie  Would  on  no  other  c  .ndltions  fparcthe  lleel>lr- 
and  though  he  w;ib  obliged  to  raile  the  liege,  and  m.irch 
oti;  yet  tlie  arms  continued  there  till  the  Turks  belieg- 
eil  it  again  in  i6Sj  ;  alter  which,  becaule  they  (ired  at 
tliJ  fleeplc,  they  were  taken  down.  This  fjire  h.is 
large  crochets,  above  a  yard  long,  adorned  with  f)li;v:e- 
work  ;  and  there  is  a  moll  noble  |irol'iie:t  from  it  "of 
the  city  and  .adjacent  country,  and  ol  tlie  courle  of  the' 
Danube  through  moll  of  Aullria,  and  alniL-lt  to  Pref- 
burg  in  Hungary.  In  the  tower  there  hangs  a  cafe  of 
wooden  hammers,  with  which  they  call  the  people  to 
ciiurcli,  from  liood  Friday  to  caller  d.ay ;  becaufe 
they  will  not  futi'er  the  bells  to  ring  out  during  the  time 
that  Our  Saviour  is  lupi)ofed  to  liavc  lain  in  the  grave. 
At  the  entrance  ot  this  church  there  is  a  llone  placed 
in  the  wall,  whicli  they  fancy  to  be  one  of  tliof-  where- 
with St.  Ste])!ien  was  Itoned  to  death.  It  looks  like  a 
pebble  and  is  worn  very  fmooth  by  the  fuperlliiious 
people,  who  think  they  gain  lome  merit  by  touching 
It.  in  this  cliu.ch  are  many  fumptuou:  monuments  of 
princes  and  other  great  jjcrfons ;  but  the  prin's-s  of  the 
Aullrian  family,  who  have  been  fo  long  in  pofi'eliioii 
of  this  empire,  have  chol'en  to  be  buried  in  the  chancel 
ot  the  Capuchins  church,  without  any  jiomp,  or  leav- 
ing any  memory  of  their  names  or  actions,  on  their 
monuments.  The  Aulic  church,  where  the  moll  im- 
portant ceremonies  are  performed,  is  not  the  court 
church  ;  though  it  is  fo  near  it,  that  there  is  a  p.aH'ago 
to  it,  from  the  palace,  by  a  long  galler) . 

1  leie  are  many  other  noble  churches,  and  rich  con- 
vents;  particularly  for  Scotchmen,  in  honour  of  their 
countryman  St.  Colman,  who  was  reckoned  the  pa- 
tron of  Aullria;  and  whofe  botly,  long  kept  here,  had 
mirai  uloiis  cures  alcribed  to  it  ;  but  it  was  after.vards 
carri  ■<!  to  Alba  Regalis.  The  church  of  the  Auilin 
trial-;,  which  is  very  large,  has  a  chancel  refembling 
tiiat  calleil  the  Santa  Cafa,  or  the  Virgin's  Hoiife,  at 
Loretto  in  Italy,  on  the  top  of  which  are  many  columns, 
llandards,  and  other  trophies,  taken  from  the  Turks 
and  Tartars.  Here  are  likewife  two  elegant  and  fpa- 
cioiis  colleges.  Before  that  which  faces  the  piazza 
there  is  a  colunm  of  copper,  in  the  center  of  the  mar- 
ket-place, on  a  p^d.ellal  of  white  llone,  bearing  the 
llatue  Ol  the  X'irgin  Mary,  with  the  ler[)ent  at  her  leer, 
and  tour  angels  round  her,  with  inlcripti  ms,  recom- 
mending .Vulliia  to  her  patronage.  St.  I'eter's  church 
Is  imieh  cflecmed  tor  its  antiquity,  being  the  uklell 
in  tlie  city,  and  built  in  the  fame  place  where  former- 
ly Hood  the  Ara  Flaviana,  dedicated  to  St.  Doniiiian. 

Mere  is  a  noble  univerlity,  founded  by  th?;  emperor 
Frederic  II.  who  endowed  it  with  great  revenues  and 
privileges.  It  was  afterwards  enl.irged  bv  Otiacar. 
king  of  Bohemia,  and  conrpleated  by  Albert  111.  of 
Aullria,  who  divided  it  into  four  dalles,  wiih  their 
peculiar  rules  and  immunities,  i.  The  Aullrian  clal's, 
which  takes  in  the  lludeiits  of  Aullria,  It.ilv,  and 
other  provinces  beyond  the  mountain;-.  ;.  That  of 
the  Rhine,  which  takes  in  the  ivell  part  of  the  cm|)ire, 
France,  .S])ain,  and  the  N'elherlands.  ;?.  The  Idun- 
garian  includes  Mungary,  Bohemia;  and  4.  That  of 
the  Sa.\ons  takes  in  Saxony,  tlie  north  of  Gern-iat-.\-, 
all  the  northern  kings  on  the  continent,  Cjrcar  'Britain, 
Ireland,  &c.  The  chancellor  and  the  mailer  have 
power  of  life  and  death  over  the  lludents.  In  1706 
the  emperor  Jofepli  elected  an  academy  f()r  painting, 
fculpture,  and  architecture.  The  public  library  con- 
tains cliielly  clallkal  and  civil  law-books.  I'rotcfhuUs 
are  not  tolerated  publicly  to  exercife  their  reli^-jon,  ex- 
cejit  in  the  chapels  of  ambaliadors.  The  Jew-s  were 
once  permitted  to  relide  in  a  luburb  beyond  the  river 
calleil  Judenlladt  ;  but  being  fui'|)ected  of  le-cretly 
carrying  on  a  corref'|)onilence  with  the  Turks,  they 
have  liiice  been  cntirelv  banilhed  from  Aullri.i.  The 
Inii'crial  palace  is  mean,  low,  dark,  and  badly  fur- 
y  O  inihedi 


7<;o 


A  NF.W  AND  AUTHnNTIC  SVnU.M  oi    L'NiVl'.RSAI,  CKOCRATl  lY 


J  '  b  *'■ » 


;5' 


nillu-cl  ;    tlnni|.;li   [\w  lihniry,    which  confilh  ot    lii^lit 
riKfiiis,    is  \uii  Uuikcil  \Mih   m.-i:iuli.ri|>t^  ami  (^riiitic! 
boolvb  ;    .iiid    tlu'    inuUuiu   ioiu;iia>    UKUiy    ailmirablc 
raniics  lunii  c!  art  ar.;.l  nature.      I'lic  tluutrc  i^  liiptrl) ; 
aiul  till.'  UahU-.  arc  laiiatious  buikliiigs,  ot  avail  liiigtii, 
1  m  IV)  talk-,  lxi;-,i;  ihviikd  into  ll-vcn  iMviliiins,    ulmii 
aj.pcar,  at  lirll  ii(;iit,  to  bo  lo  many   UitHTciit  hoiilos ; 
luit  ilio  iuiKV  rooni'-  an-   ill  i;oiunv>.il ;    aii.l  ilio   loii<^; 
oui-,  tor  Ilk-  lii'iiii..-,  is  111  narrow,  tiuit  iIk\  ihml  all  ni 
utw  vow.     Inclccii,  a  bad  lalu'  licrf  i>  loo  iirivali-nt   in 
the  1  luidmgs  in  general.     Tikiv  arc,    it  mull  be  ;id- 
mitttd,    loine  ImuI  ,   anil  even  j  ;ilai\s,    wlnrein  the 
rules  ot    arcnitecUi.-  have  lu\  ii   iM\kr\vcl;    but   then 
tlie\  are  ever  tlurgvd  \vi;h  lluliUir^,    whieli   derogates 
tro, 11  liie  ancient  arehucCtme.     Ilvui>,    ho>vever,    the 
btll  arfenal  in  tne  empirci  wiiere  is  ihcAn,  lo  llran!;er'-, 
the  head  ot  tiie  grand  vi/.ir,  vvno  was  llran^,led  at   Bel- 
grade, alter  lie  Lad  niilLariied  m  the  tifj,e  ot    Vienna. 
'I'lie  (jerinan  loldurs.  whenllky   ti)ols.    lljlgraiic,    in  a 
f  iriUer  w'.u  wuh   tne    Turk-,    iijjenetl  his  tomb  tiierc, 
in  liojies  ot    tri.-aliiie,    but   tound   notliini;,    exce])t    the 
b>Kiy  in  its  Ihirt :    and  the  governor,  remembering  that 
liiH    lain,    grainl   v./.ir.    when  he   laid   lie;',e    to  Raab, 
(wvliith  lie  was  .lUi.)  obliged  to  raile,)  threateiKHl  that,    il 
li.  i.iailered  ti;e    Ioau,    the   luavl    ot    its  bilhop,    then 
Ciium  Coiionii/,  ihoukl    be  cut   oil',    b.-caule   he  took 
li,^  miiiev  out  ut  the  convents  toeik(iur..i;e  liiegarrilon, 
li.nl  tne  vi/;r'i  cor]'te  to  the  v.ount,  who  ^^ave  it  to  t!ii- 
artcii.il. 

In  ij.ie  ot  the  baltions  there  is  a  p;rcat    inaKa/ine  ot 


tlemen  ol  the  bed-(lr\mb-.r,  wiili -'oijen  kevr.  al  l' .'Ir 
brealls,  who  ;ire  all  counts  and  bamii'- J  ot    which  i:u:i- 

jlil\  are  alio  6o  pages  ;  yet  cer^inoiiies  and  tl.e  etit,ui.iii; 

'a  name  by  winch  ihey  call  aiai.nt  ulhge?,  {!,i\e  this 
court  an  air  ot  conllraint  that  is  to  be  leen  no  vlicre 
die  ;  and  though  it  is  iiniverllilly  extlaiined  :ig..inri,  it 
is  as  punctually  oblcivcd  as  it  h  was  an  article  il  re- 


iigi 
at  I 


T!rv  are  verv 


uri,  ot  tl'.e  I'avs  ut  I'.il.i 


ti  nd,    in   llie  ciiy,    as  wtll  aj 

r..ila,  which  is    the   name   tliey 

give  lo  thole  ot  Icltival  and  cercmunv ,    when  there  are 

commonly    operas    anil   cnmedies.       Tl'.eic   are   tliiej 

dalles  ot    them;    the  Court  gala,    vvhicli   is   univertal, 

both  tor  the  Imiienal   family,    .,iul  tor  the  nobles  and 

plebians ;  at  which  time,    clpl.^l,d;y   v\   tie   l)irtli-da\s 

lot  the  cmi)eror  and  emprcU.    tlie  curt   is  ixtrcmeiy 

I  gay,  and  (^liiieving  with  gold,  an.l  diamond:;.     On  thel'e 

I  ilavs   the   archduclielles    ibcw.ule   it    is  tiie  ciilloin  at 

I  \  ienna  lor  liilers  to  tire!',  alike^  mull  be  ilivlled  all  in 

^  their  hair,  as  well  as  tlieir  miids  ot'  honour  ;    and   they 

j  wear  robes  much  like  cliildreiii  veils,  with  great   train-. 

I  The  granil  gala,  which  are  kept  in  th.c  city,    is  tor  tlu: 

;  teiliv.il  ot'  luiiie  minillei".     The  little  gala' is  when  t!ie 

j  ladies  are  let  blood  :   tor  if  any  lailv  i>t    diiiiiK'tion  doei 

I  but  fend  tor  a  furgeon  to  o[ien  a  vein,    it    i.  enough   to 

]-ut  the  whole  ciiy  in  gala  :   nay,  the  hullniiid   makes  a 

gala  here  lor  his  wile,   the   wife    for    her    hullvind,     t'lc 

'  children  for  tikir  p.irents  and    biotiurs  and    tillers  tor 

one  another  j  U>  t;iat  tor  thi.  caiite  f.'.o-third;.  of  \  ienna 

are  alv.ass  in  gala.      It  is  a  lingular  cullom  at  this  court, 

mat    the  cmpiels-dowager  can   never  tjuil   inournin;j 


naval    I'lorcs   tor    uie    emperor's   galik-,    i\i.     mi    th.  |   tor  though  their  oliicers  and   otlkr  doiiKllics  wear  lo- 
Ijai.ubi.     Tlie  lev .-11  channels,  into  v\Iuch  the  1  ).uiiibe  ji  loured  clothes,  their  apartnk;its  ;i;id   coaclie;  nuitl  a!- 

'  '  ays  be  hung  in  black  :  neither  mull  they  be  prefeiil 
;.  play,  bail,  or  concert ;  lo  that  by  lollng  their  huf- 
bands,  the)  lo!e  the  jileafures  of  lite.  The  emperor's 
p.leat'ure-houles  are  no  better  than  his  j-alace  in  the 
citv.  The  catile  ot  th;  I'avarita,  which  is  in  the  fu- 
burb  of  Lenpoidll.idi,  is  a  great  irregular  (iotliic  build- 
ing, full  of  luinings  .ind  windings,  like  th'.-  Ilreet  it 
looks  into,  and  ajipears  nvire  like  a  great  convent  oi 
Capuchins,  ilian  ike  nianlio.i  of  anem;  eior.  The  gu- 
tlciis  are  I'reity  iar^:;e,  but  oi!,er',vi!e  i.iean. 

I  .uxeml-Hin;,  tlijugh  a  neat  conveni.ni  box,  is  even 
muth  inferior  to  the  l-avorita  :  bur  the  court  only  iv- 
lilies  there  a  month  or  lix  weeks,  during  the  leaion  liT 
heron-hunting.  Tlie  minillei>,  who  attend  the  cm- 
]:eror  tliere,  have  houtes,  which,  thougli  not  grand,  ae 
commoilious ;  but  any  otli.-r  ]]crl'on  who  g.ies  tMiher  to 
pay  a  vilii,  mini  rMiirn  lo  \'i.nna  for  a  l.-d.  Tlr; 
couil  uled  lo  tpend  a  I'l.-al  j'art  of  th.e  I'uiiinier  at  the 
]ial.ke  ot  New  I'avoril..,  \\l.ieh  gi'a's  n:'.n.e  to  c."e  I'l 
liie  lulnirbs ;  but  tl-e  prir.ies  oi  Ma'id";  Id  liiive  I  i;:.! 
one  there  wi.ieli  is  njjt  n  nuire  r.i.'.,;iiifa  e.;t.      The   eir.- 


i^  IkTv  (.i;vidi.d,  coniam  uv^rai  illan  h,  conimuiiieating 
tOj;etlier  h\  leven  bnilges  matle  ot  timber.  The  high 
bridge  Is  I'.jrmeil  iiy  tne  interleeiion  ot  i.\o  tlr^ets  liy 
c  ,ual  angles  i  tlie  touP'lation  ot  one  b  n?',  .is  higii  as 
tne  to;<s  ut  t.  e  noutcs  ;  anil,  in  the  oiiier,  an  arch  is 
built  11  the  loisermolt  ILreet,  to  let  the  ui'iKTmoll  pat's 
over  It.  Here  are  two  icmark.able  columns,  of  wliich 
Oil  •  1:  called  tlie  Concepiion  ot  the  Iminacul.vte  \  irgin, 
M\ii  tlie  utiiti'  Si.  Tnniiy.  The  variuu.;  lubiirb.;  ot  the 
CUV  almoil  embrace  it  like  a  bow,  and  appear  like 
io  mans  dilierenl  towns  ;  the  principal  being  cailcd 
Leopoldiiacit,  a:,  i  abounding  with  handio.iie  lioutes 
tit  tiie  nobles  and  gentrv.  TIk  Prai,  a  wood  in  an 
iiland  tormed  bv  the  Dai.u'ne,  is  much  ireijUentetl  in 
fair  weather.  In  its  Vici  iiv  is  a  walk,  called  the 
Kmperor's  Garilea  ;  and  i.ie  ruii..^  ot  a  ,..ilice,  which 
wa3  dcuro}ed  in'  the  Turks.  Another  illand,  nameil 
St.  I'eUi'-,  16  capable  ot  encami>ing  a  large  army. 

At  the  cabinet  council  the  emperor  ])reridrs ;  and 
ne.xt  to  liim  tits  the  king  of  the  Riiiiaiis  :  ami,  in  the 
privy-council,  the  prirne  miniilci'  is  preruliiu  ']"!iele 
Il  .ve  lo  Ic  ret.iries,  the  principal  ot  wliom  llgns  the 
e.iiperor's  letters.     The  council  ot  war  has  iwosienerals 


.,1 


peror  JoUi.h,  n 

or  Schonbiun,  ;ihout  a 


1>:  j,aii  a  line  lioule  at 


lioikHJr 


tiuiu   nils  cu\-,    vvliicl 


as  prelidents,    and  leven    majurs-gencial   as    members,  p  if  tinilhed  according  to  its  ji.ui,  might  have  been  ai 
with  ijro[)er  tecretaries,  &c.      I'he  Aulic  council  con- 1|  ther  V'ertailles ;  bui  his  cmprefs-dowagir,  to   whom  le 
tilt--,  oi  an  ecual  nuiulier  ot  Roman  Catholics  and   l,u-  1    left  it,  tuU'ereil  th.e  u.irks  to  run  lo  ruin. 
tiieiaiis,  iionunaied    by   the   emperor.      It   is  equal  in'        The  pal.ice  of  the  !;reat   prince   I'ugcne,    ot    F.ivoy, 
j  ov\er  to  tlie  imperial  chaml'cr  ot  W'ctziar,   as  there  is  Ij  is  very  iiately,  but  liuiated  in  a  narro.v   llivc*,    with  a 

I  very  little  court  before  it.     1-Iere   is  a  tpacious   talocui. 


11 J  app.al  trum  eitiier.     The  court  of   chaiicerv,    toi 
nli  ihe  huliikls  iranlailed  at  the  Imperial  court,    where- 
ui  ilie  eleCior  ot   Meni/,  is  alw.iys  chanceiloi  ;    but   the 
vice-chancellor   I'relides    in   liis   ablence,    and    has   an 
alhliant,  an  ali',lli)r,  two  t'ecretaries,  and  a  referendary. 
'I  he  writs  are  either  in  the  fierinan  or  Latin   toniiues. 
Hire  IS  a  council  ut  tmances,  and  an  Imixrial  council, 
vvliere    is    alio   a    prelideiit,    conlUbng   ot    many    lords; 
and  gentlemen  ;  among  whom  are  the  govciikjrs  of  the 
Hungarian  cities  where  the  mines  Hi-,    with  the  chief  i 
oltkcrs   for   the   civil    affiirs   <,i     Hungary,    Hohemia,! 
.Moravia,  Sili  tia,  &c.  who  lend  directions  from  '  ' 

lo  the  refpeetivc  governmeiir.  of  thole  countries. 

Thougli  oilier  chief  courts  may  exceed  the 
in  ponii),  yet,  lor  real  graiuKur,  this  mitllrips  them 
all.  \Ioftut  thcotfiiersol  llate.and  uf  the  houlhold,  are 
printes  or  counts,  as  are  ,ilto  the  c.ii)tains  ot  the  liorle 
and  lout  guards :  and  there  are  not  Ids  than   too  gen- 


lience 


Imperial 


atlorned  with  large  pictures,  reprelentmg  the  clixt 
victories  of  the  ])rince  over  the  brench  aiu,  the  Tuik- ; 
and  in  two  rooms  next  lo  tliis,  a  !uit  ot  ricii  taptl.;., 
made  by  the  famous  Devos,  at  HiuU'els.  In  the  bi  !- 
diamber  bevond  ihct'e,  there  is  a  lullre  ot  ro^k  ci}  It.ii, 
faiil  to  have  colt  4co,oco  llorins ;  and  rich  tapciuv. 
rolled  up  in  j'ilatlers  of  grci  n  velvet,  embroidered  with 
gold,  and  adorned  with  ligures  ol  needle-wiTk  lo  lin. , 
that  they  leem  to  be  minialureb;  a;id  the  clolet  nex:  :  i 
it  is  gilt  all  over. 

The  palace  of  Liclite.iliein,  which  is  l.irger,  and  li  '. 
as  magnihcent,   is   worth   I'leing,    were  it   only  lur  u 
])aintings.     The  palaces  of  the  tuburlis,  in  general,  ar.: 
inlinitdy  more  grand  than  thol'e  i^):  the  city,    and  the; 


li.ive  both  court-yarils  anil  gardens.    I'rincc  luigene 


h,id 
one  here  too,  where  he  uled  to  jials  the  tine  lealon 
It  is  a  luiierb  ftructure,    with  niagnilicent  gardens,    i  i 


KURorr..] 


r.  r  R  M  A  N'    i:  m  i'  i  r  i-,. 


;  "t    v.'liicli  i:ii.i. 
■  nn.I  tl;o  fii^jU.ito 

|1k-    WjIX    111)    V  lllTf 

Ihiiilial   :i^;,.inll,    it 

"us  an  art'.iL  ( 1  r^-- 

rity,    a-  v.^.l  a:; 

Ji^    t!u'   ii.ii.u'   llu'v 

1} ,    wlii'ii  iln.iv  aa- 

Tl'.ci'i.-   arc   ihii-v: 

|^vliii-!i   is  uiiivcrliil, 

'!■  till-  iio!^!.'s  ami 

I  o'l   t !■.(.•   birtli-dav'; 

ji<  uit  is  ixtrcnu'ly 

li    ii  ti^i-  tMlltnn  at 

li;ll  be  divlicj  all  iti 

honour ;    and   ihcy 

I,  with  ^rcat   tIal;l^. 

lie  lity,    is  tor  tin- 

-•  v.ala  is   v.litn  t!ij 

t    (li;iin:t;o!i  docs 

ii,    U   iv.  enough   to 

.-■  hullnuid   makes  a 

her   liiillriiRl,    t'-.c 

iiirs   antl    (ilK-rs  tor 

tv.o-ihird;.  of  \  icnna 

lul'toni  at  this  court, 

vcr  i]uii    mourning  ; 

douKiVks  wear  lo- 

ul    (.\i:k!us  iiu;I1   a!- 

ml  they   lie   prcl'enl 

by   lolliig  their  hul- 

ile.     The  em|ier.)r's 

in   his  palace  la   the 

wWwh   ii  in  the  lu- 

le-ular  f  I'otliic  build- 

,S    like   the   llreet   it 

.'  a  s^reat  convent  (;l 

iiem.eior.     I'lie  ga- 

!e  i..ean. 

iveni.iit  bo\',  is  cwn 
It  the  couit  (  ni;-  r>:- 
durins;  the  leAioii  liT 
ulio  attend  the  Cui- 
lunigh  not  i^irand,  a:e 
lii  ulio  {^,K's  iliitiuT  ro 
na  tor  a  bs.-d.  'Hi'.; 
t!>e  lu'iKner  at  the 
,ve^  nan.:.'  to  ere  il 
.\lav-i;  Id  h:ive  1  u;,r 
j^nili.e.it.  'i'iie  eir.- 
-■  iioiile  at  S^honljoii', 
'111  lliia  cil)-,  ivliicl:, 
iiight  have  been  ai.- 
>Aaj:i.r,   to    vdiu:;i   l,e 

0  nun. 

lai^ene,  of  Favov, 
ariiv.v  Hree',  with  a 
is  a  I'pacioi'.j  taloi'ii, 
IMcleluinp;  liic  chiu' 
ench  aiiu  ll,e  1  uik-  ; 
uit  of  rich  tap'.  Il;\, 
;uliels.  In  the  be'l- 
ullre  ot    r0v.k  ci\il.ii, 

;  and  ricii  ta|iiiii\, 
^■t,  embroidered  \^:i''' 

P.erdle-Wdrk  li)  lii'u. 
md  the  elolet  ne\:  :  > 

ich  is  larger,  and  I',  ! 
were   il   only  lor  i; 
nnbs,  in  general,  a:.- 

1  the  city,    and   lii 

.    I'rince  I'aikcik-  li.i  i 

pals  the   line   leali'ii 

''nilieent  garden-,    i  i 

ul.i.  . 


■■>' 


which  are  a  line  caliade,  an  oranf^ry,  and  a  meiu\;^',crie, 
lfjr.;d  with  the  nmll  uiif.oiiinton  irealiircs  th'.t  the  li.ur 
pari--  ot  tnc  'Ai>ild  can  lurnilh.  'I  here  i*-  a  laloon  Ive- 
low  llair-,  all  lined  v\itii  marble  ol  leveral  colour.,  the 
cieiln;',  of  which  is  lineiv  j-ainted. 

The  ci\  il  I' )vernment  o|  this  city  is  adminiller.d  by 
a  lladtholder,  who  mult  ah.ays  !)■.•  a  j.crloa  of  noble 
cxiiartion,  aiid  an  otlicerci  ilie  ann\.  'J'lie  m)Vi.riior 
lias  lildoin  any  oilic  title  than  colonel  of  the  city; 
and  he  hai  .i  iKiitcnant-i  lio.icl  to  command  in  iiis  ab- 
k'nce,  wh'J  has  the  direc"iion  o!  the  ti)rti*icatioiis,  the 
arlvnai,  aid  the  'j,arriU)ii,  uhiih  never  lliiv.  Irotn  Vieinia, 
ai'.t  conliils  of  seleran  loldiei-,  or  the  burghers  and 
ariiiiccrs  of  the  iil).  'J  he  employments  in  this  corps 
a!'"  V.  ;\  III  rative  ,  but  not  bcin.',  on  llie  roul  to  h-Mioiu', 
nit  much  liiliiited  In'  peiiimb  of  extraction.  It  i. 
maintained  at  the  charj^^e  of  t!ie  city,  aiul  uled  to 
nv'unt  r-'ird  at  the  emjieior's  palace,  as  he  has  no  other 
foot-i;ua:\i  .  Vienna  abounds  with  cotiee-houfi"-',  \wiere 
the  iiews-u liters  arc  not  Id's  t:ee  with  the  character. 
«!f  their  cenerals,  ll.itefm.n,  S^c.  than  I  Ik  v  ire  at  i.on- 
d'ln.  Tin  re  beiii^  no  holj  lial  ul  invalids  here,  the 
rt'.urch  doors  are  always  plied  wilh  beggiii;',  lokhers 
that  have  been  dilabled  in  tl-.e  tervice.  All  r<;iMid, 
upon  the  city  walls,  are  birracks,  or  huts,  for  the  gar- 
ril on,  which  are  veiy  well  built,  l)ut  not  all  of  them 
occupi.'d  bv  i!ie  fokiier-,  li'iue  being  lippling-lioutes, 
and  other-,  tor  common  woini'ii. 

Kk)ll:er-Net,biir^  is  a  rich  k.undati.in  ior  Aiip,-.ininc 
r:in  m'  -,  Ha'.kn  is  lamiHb  fir  il,  hot  baths;  and  Neu- 
fl.tdr  contains  a  mifu.uy  academe. 

Molk  is  a  markel  tv/»v:i  on  the  Danube,  marwhidi 
is  an  exsmpted  cloiller  of  IJjnedi. nines,  the  greatell 
and  riiliell  fiundalion  o\'  the  kind  in  all  Aulbia.  The 
abbot  i,  I  rimutc  of  the  lower  eliates  ot  this  circle,  and 
prerulent  of  the  feat  of  prelate .  I'he  abbey  i  iledi- 
cated  to  St.C.ii  ■  mi,  wholi;  tomb  it  contains.  This  Si. 
C'olmaii  was  li.e  apollle  of  Aullria,  and  ci'  the  blood 
royal  of  Srotland  ;  iuit  his  fate  was  Ibmewhat  lingular; 
hr,  in  iiallii.L',  lhrou!.di  this  country  in  the  liabu  of  a 
pilgrim,  he  wa.  ial:en  up  and  luuii3;ed  a'^  a  fpv . 

I'riM.K  .Ai'bfRiA  is  divided  into  tour  iiuart;.rj,  Hau!- 
Inuk,  Traun,  Miclici,  and  15huk. 

'l"he  ]irincipal  p.laAcs  in  the  llaultnick  (jiiarter  are, 

l.i:i/,  the  capital  of  I'pper  Audria,  Handing  on  the 
Danulie.  Here  is  a  \\<j  xlen  briihu"  over  the  Danube  ; 
anci  .  n  a  hiil  in  the  neiL',hlioiirhood  i^  a  citadel,  whicli 
is  liimetira.s  the  relideiKe  of  the  em,  eror.  The  town 
is  well  built  of  white  fr.e-llone,  and  p.npulous  con- 
tainir.;  f  \ .  al  h.and.f'ine  cliiii-ihe- ,  cloillers,  lnuarc;, 
and  iouniain<,  aiid  is  n-.u  h  r.lovied  to  by  t'.i:  nobility, 
who  luue  villa;  in  the  ne^iijib-urhond.  It  i^  allii  the 
kai  of  feveral  counts  and  colleges  lor  Upper  Au'iria ; 
canies  on  a  coiili.lerable  liMde  in  gundiarrels  and  linen 
cloili  ;  and  has  handlbme  luburbs  with  two  j';reat  year- 
Iv  fiir-,  at  Iviller  and  Uarih^iloi-.ew-t'de.  In  the  neigh- 
bourlu.od  likewile  aiv  \  kuuations  ol  l-oj   . 

Vxl.;  is  a  well  built  toAn,  on  th.e  river  Tiaun,  faid 
to  have  been  tounded  by  tl,  ■  emperor  Valeiian,  alter 
lis  expedition  arainil  th.e  Si\  I'li.ins  in  I'annonia.  Mete 
is  a  caiiie,  i:i  \shirh  tlie  e;i  oeror  Maximilian  1.  liied. 
from  this  to'.Mi  allii  the  nei;j;!iliouiing  e.xtenlive  barren 
heath  I  f  Welliir  lakes  its  name. 

(iinunLlcn  \-  a  town  liuiati'ii  on  the  lake  el  (imun'l, 
o; Ti.um,  which  abounds  with  tilli.  h  h.is  a  conli- 
(krable  trade  in  lidt,  made  at  Mallbdl,  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, brought  h'.ilur  b\  the  lal.  ,  and  exported  as 
tar  as  Vienna.  The  lalt-j  its  were  lirll  dilcovercd  in  1303, 
bv  f.li/abeth,  conloit  of  Albrecht  I.  On  an  illand  in 
I  lie  lake  is  a  m;  al  citadel,  called  Ort. 

Fock'abnuk,  or  Wikk.bruck,  is  a  welkbuilt  town 
on  Ike  liver  \  okl,  which  enjoys  the  privilege  of  grant- 
ing proleclion  to  all  flaves,  whofe  burghers  and  mer- 
clianls,  with  their  w.arcs,  .are  toU-tVee,  throughout  all 
the  Aullrian  ilominions.  Near  it,  in  1626,  tlie  rebel 
Bavarians  were  deteated. 

f;-ar.kei;I)iirg,  a  town  (landing  on  the  borders  of 
Bavaria,    and   containing  a,  citadel,    which,    togethe'- 


widi  tlij  counlrv  denoi>iina|.;d  (roin  them,  an  I  th  • 
incorporated  tligiu.jrics,  is  the  jiroptrty  of  count  Khc- 
venhullcr. 

Kainmer  is  a  tit.ulel  in  the  Atterfee,  which  i.  ilie 
l.irg.  .1  lake  III  the  whole  conniry,  and  abounds  in 
ex^iuilitc  litli,  ot  which  it  yields  a  new  fpecies  every 
luoiiih. 

Schaumbeig  is  a  citailel,  which  f;ivcs  name  to  a 
countv,  n  ).v  belonging  to  the  family  of  Siahreiiberj;, 
but  tormciiy  an  immediate  county  ot  the  emjiiiv. 

The  county  ot  Neiiburg  alf)  was  formerly  an  imme- 
diate coiinlv  of  the  cmpiie,  but  no.v  belongs  tu  the 
billio])  ol  l'alki:i.  Though  this  county  is  a  part  of 
Atiliiia,  it  IS  fnrrounded  on  all  tiles  byUawuii,  ami 
has  llveral  cit.ukls  in  it. 

The  molt  reinrkable  place;  in  the  Traun  tjuarter 
are, 

I'll',  in  I.'.tin  Aniiia,  Anafum,  or  AnafTanum,  a 
IboiiJ, '.vell-built  to-A-n,  lituatcd  on  the  riverif  the  lame- 
name.  It  was  built  in  the  year  990,  on  the  fcite  ot 
i-auriacum,  a  Roman  colone,  dellroyed  by  the  Huns, 
alx.iit  the  )ear  450,  ami  the  teat  of  tome  Roman  em- 
'-eror.i.  Liis  was  tormerly  tiiiiieet  to  its  own  count, 
..il  the  emperor  Rodoijih  purchaled  it,  and  annexeil  it 
to  tiie  domiiiions  of  .Aullria.  The  river  Ens  falls  into 
the  Danube  two  miles  below  the  town. 

Steyer  is  a  conlidcrable  town,  lituatcd  at  the  conllu.v 
of  the  two  little  rivers  Stever  and  Ens,  and  inhabited 
chielly  by  liniths,  cutlers,  and  other  artilicers,  who,  by 
mean--  of  the  Danube,  tranljiort  their  workmanlhip  to 
v.iri  nr.  places. 

In  Mich  1  quarter  are  Schlog,  a  cloiAer  on  the  river; 
anil  the  Millack-Bad,  a  celebrated  medicinal  bath  near 
the  Danube. 

In  Black  quarter  are  Freylladt,  a  llroiig,  well-buiit, 
ioy.il  town,  on  the  north  tide  of  the  Danube ;  and 
(irein,  which  contains  a  Francifcan  cloifter,  a  i.oretto 
chapel,  a  mount  calvary,  and  an  hermitage. 

'i'he  iHicliy  of  .Stiria  is  diviikd  into  I'pper  and 
Under  Si aia  ;  and  bounded  to  the  north  b)- Aultria, 
I iroperh' I'o  called  ;  to  the  fnith  b\'  Caricola ;  to  the 
well  In  Salt/.bur-  and  Carinthia  ;  and  to  the  call  by 
1  lungai\-.  The  air  is  unwholelome  ;  and  the  inhabi- 
tanis  .ire  greatly  trimbled  with  fevers  andlwelkd  throats, 
which  latter  complaint  is  owing  to  the  givat  quantity 
of  lliow-water  which  they  drink.  Ujipcr  Stiria  is  very 
inountainous,  and  exceedingly  cokl,  but  yet  tolerably 
tvriile.  The  mountains  ctintain  lilver,  lead,  cop]>cr, 
antl  iron  ;  and  the  fummits  are  covered  with  foreiL-, 
which  fujiply  wood  for  fmeiting  thele  n-,etal--.  The 
Heel  of   this  country  is  reckoned  the  bell  in  Europe. 

In  the  whole  iluchy  are  20  boroU;',lis,  near  lor:;  mar- 
ket towns,  and  about  5C0  citaoel-s.  The  common 
people  gener.Ul}  ij.eak  W'endilli,  or  a  very  harlh  dialect 
of  the  German  ;  and  the  betier  liirt  are  mailers  not 
only  o\i  thele,  but  alio  of  the  Italian  and  French.  The 
land  cllates  of  tl  is  duchy  co. dills,  as  in  Aullria,  of  tlie 
prelates,  lords,  knights,  and  royal  towns;  and  their 
allemblies  aie  lekl  at  Ci'rat/..  Tl-.e  Roman  Catholic  is 
the  only  religion  tolerated  iii  Stiria.  Seikaii  is  the  fee 
ot  a  bidiop,  fubjecl  to  the  archbilliop  of  Sah/.lbuig, 
whofe  vicar  he  is  in  moll  parts  of  Stiria.  :\x  (.iratz  is 
an  univerliiv;  and  in  lome  other  places  are  jjMiinalia, 
and  leveral  gnod  college-.  Ti;e  principal  manufaiftuivs 
of  the  count r\  are  iron  a  .d  lleel  works,  of  which  there 
is  a  conlidcrable  exportation.  Siiria  continiiet!  a  niar- 
(juiliUe,  till  the  emperor  Frctlerick  Barbarollii  erected 
It  into  a  duchy.  It  has  been  conllantiv  fubiect  t..> 
the  houl'e  of  Aullria,  lince  Rodoljih  1.  and  to  this  day 
retains  peculiar  immunities.  The  counts  of  Tiaiit- 
manldorf  are  fuiireme  hereditary  llewards,  the  counts 
of  W  ildenllein  chamberlains,  the  cmmts  ot  Saurau 
m.irlhals  the  counts  of  W'endilh  (.irat/.  mailers  of  the 
horle,  &c. 

The  principal  places  are  the  follmving  : 

firatz,  or  (.iracz,  the  metropolis,  lies  on  the  river 
Muhr,  20  miles  tVom  the  J')rave,  and  74  fouth  of  Vien- 
na, and  is  a  neat,  well-built  city,  in  a  plealant,  truiitul 

COUIiUV, 


I 


n 


iii 


751 


A  NT.W  AVI)  ALTMLNTIC  S\M  f.M  ov  i:NIVr.:\S.\F,  CI'OflRArFIV. 


rounfry,  ami  ilcfl-iulol  ly  ,i  v..ill,  ramj.arts,  ami  laltlc, 
oil  a  rixky  lull,  ami  oihcr  (ortitiiuiions  tli.it  rciuK-r  it 
aliiiol!  Mill  ivj;iubli.-.  'I'iic  lalUc  is  dii  :i  hi.'.li  liill,  t!i.it 
co'iiiiuinds  a  lui^hhouring  muiitrv,  wlurc  is  tlii;  ,u\li- 
<;iiki-'s  p.il.iCL',  w.iiili  i>  liiK-lv  turiuiluil,  ami  lii^  a 
jiDiit  lior.uy  ami  imiliiiin.  Ilif  i^  a  lai|' :  i\)iii.;j,i', 
\\A\  cmio'voi,  t\'  iili  li.i'>  tlu'  i.iivik'j'/  111  loiilLiriiii^ 
iii't»rixs ;  U)  lliat  it  is  raiiUil  ainoii^  llic  univciliticb  ot 
(jiTiiuiiv,  ami  is  well  filial  with  ihulviits.  This  town 
is  t'-o  rciiiloiii'i-  lit  tlu-  I'oviTiior  ot  Siiiia,  as  it  was 
flmiu-rlv  tit' till-  aulultikLsdt  Aulln.'.,  i  aitkulaily  IVr- 
ilii.aiul  II.  .iturw.irtls  iiii|AT<>r,  who  •  a;:i\l  tluM'.l.'ivc' 
liy  its  ;,:iiiK'.  lis  liiluirb-,  wlmli  uv  lavRc,  aiv  vsallii'd 
b\  .1  riMik't  of  its  ijwn  li.inK' ;  aii.l  its  urritory  is  wry 
poj)iilo\i^. 

Marhvirg,  idchratcd  tor  il^  Rom.m  monuments,  is 
alio  renurkahlc  tor  if.  :;ianut.u  Uiro~. 

Ralkehurg;,  or  Rakelllnii^,  litu.iti.i.1  on  tlie  riv^r 
Muhr,  is  one  of  tlie  llroni;ell  towns  in  Stiria.  Ihe 
neiiilibouring  loimtiv  j'n^liKes  |ileiit\-  of  ^raiKS  ami 
oilier  truit-."  '1'Ik-  liuri!,li'.'rs  lia\e  the  fo'ie  [irn  iii.;j,e  lo 
Inn  all  the  new  wines  iluriiif^  i  Haleil  tine,  .itier  wliieli 
the  [H-alants  may  lill  to  whom  tliev  plet'.U. 

Leulenlnirg,  a  market  town,  is  noted  lor  the  bell 
wine  in  tliele  jiavts. 

Cilli,  or  Zilli,  wa5  formerly  the  capii.il  vi  an  in<le- 
pcmlent  coiint\,  wliieli  tlie  emperor  Irederiik  III. 
took  potreirion  of  in  1457,  when  the  lall  eount  was 
killed,  leaving  no  heirs,  and  iiieorpor.ited  it  willi  Siiri.i. 
In  this  eounty  (lands  the  lii^'li  moiinlain  li.ul;er,  of 
I'aeher,  rieli  in  all  forts  oi  m-s,  :\,  the  mineral  waters 
that  iliue  from  it  evidently  lliew.  'The  hi<;hway  be- 
tween C'lUi  and  I'etiau  was  orit!,inally  a  Roman  eaule- 
way  ;  and  feveral  Roman  mile-l'ones  and  other  monu- 
ments, have  been  found  near  it.  The  inhabitaius  of 
the  county  are  all  Selavonians,  otherwile  called  W'emls, 
or  Winds.  The  town,  lliled,  in  Latin  authors,  L'iiia, 
Celia,  Celei.i,  ami  Zelia,  is  very  ancient  ;  ami,  by  man) 
Roman  coins,  and  other  monument  ,  iliUovered  in  and 
about  it,  appears  to  have  been  amieiitly  a  [ilace  ot 
great  conlideration. 

(iuniuwitz  is  a  marki-t  to.sn,  near  wliiJi  is  a  re- 
markable Ipring,  being  warm  in  winter,  aiid  C(;l'.l  in 
lummcr. 

Stuilenitz  li.as  a  noble  female  foundation,  or  priory, 
bcloncing  to  the  order  of  Dominieans. 

In  L'pper  Stiria  are  the  tollowing  places : 

Jutlenijurc;,  flu-  capital,  titualed  on  the  banks  of  the 
Muhr,  in  a  jilain,  furrounde>l  with  high  mountain--, 
continually  covered  with  liuv\,  contair.s  a  royal  tort, 
two  cloi'.ters,  ami  a  college  Here  alio  are  two  great 
yearly  fairs. 

Leuben,  a  neat  j^lealaiu  to-.vn,  n;'.ni;i!',!;  upon  the 
lame  river,  was  once  the  ca[)ital  ot  a  eoiuiiy.  Here  is 
a  college,  two  cloillers,  and  a  great  tr.ule  in  iron. 
N.ir  it  is  the  rich  nunnery  ot  (jots. 

Seckau  is  a  coniiderable  town,  ami  r.n  epikojial  lee, 
under  the  archbilliop  ol  Salt/.lung,  by  whom  the  bilhop 
i--  eleded  and  invelled. 

Bruek,  on  the  Muhr,  is  noted  for  a  great  cattle  f.iir, 
a  line  public  (Ijuare,  and  two  iip.nialLries 

Kil'enartz  is  a  coniiderable  to,vn,  and  famoin  for  its 
mines  and  forges  of  iron,  whence  it  ha-.  it->  name.  It 
I'npplies  all  Ciermany  with  lied,  and  main  phueswiili 
iron;  vail  quantities  of  both  being  ililjioled  of  at  the 
great  yearly  fair,  and  a'  other  time--. 

A  part  of  the  Dueliv  ot  C-\rinthia  was  aiuienlly 
railed  Carina,  .ind  the  iiihabitanisCariii ;  but  the  fornKr 
ufterwards  Carinthia,  and  the  latter  Carantani,  ;.iid  (.'a- 
rinthi.  The  lounty  oi  Carinth'a  is  boundeil  to  the 
loulh  by  the  terntoiits  of  Venice  and  Carniola  ;  to  tlie 
north  by  Stin.i,  and  the  arelibifhuiiric  of  Salt/.burg  ; 
10  the  wed  by  Tirol,  or  Tyrol ;  and  to  the  call  iiy 
Siiria.  The  .iir  is  cold,  the  foil  b.uren  ;  the  ri\ers, 
brooks,  f\i.  abound  with  filh  ;  and  the  mountain',  yield 
many  minerals.      The  principal  j-hces  are  a;,  follow  : 

(."lagenftirt,  the  capital  of  the  whole  duchy,  (landing 
140  mdeb  Ibuth-well  of  Vienna,  (being  anciently  called 


Ckaudia,  and  il,e  feat  of  il-.e  d-,ikt-.)  n  well  l-.uiit  .u,,! 
fortified,  and  contains  feveral  iluiiclies  and  i.o:<.\(.iit 
with  a  larr.e  ollege,  a  gMiii-alium,  and  a  pn.vineii 
lioule,  in  which  llie  llaics  aflcmble.  Mere  is  alfu  un 
eijuellrian  llatue  if  llie  emperor  I'heubald.  wl-jiu; 
S'.  1\ 111.  i'a\-,  •'  That  in  lu^  time,  it  a  man  was  (Iron^ly 
lu'i  iC!ed  cit  theft,  tlie\  uled  tirfl  to  hang  him,  .\\k\  tliea 
ti)  him  three  da\s  after.  If  he  was  t,,und  guilij,  ih^y 
let  hi>  body  hang  till  ii  rotted;  it  inii'Hciit,  ll.c)  iinjj. 
him  (.U)yM-\,  buiied  Imn  at  the  |  ublic  charge,  and  pin^ij 
lor  his  lljul."  lietween  this  lowii  and  .St.  Vi.it  are  Imiu- 
r. mains  ot  an  a;;cient  town,  liippolcd  tt)  be 'I'lburiua, 
wl'.ere  Rom:'.ii  coins  have  been  tuuiid,  and  other  am,. 
HUities.  'Hie  Lutheran  reii;^;ion  vva^  liipi>ri.lled  hti.- 
anno  i6cc. 

ViUacli,  near  the  Drave,  over  which  there  i  x 
bridge,  i-,  a  ;  opuLus  tuwn,  a  great  tlunoughlaie,  a.ij 
famous  for  its  mineral  wateis.  I'lie  lituation  of  tlm 
town  is  among  hills,  and  the  churches  are  note.i  f.>s 
their  tine  paintings,  Ihe  goxernor  is  nominated  an- 
nualK,  the  em]  eror  naming  him  two  fuccefTive  vears, 
and  the  bilhop  of  Hamberg  a  tli'ri!. 

'I'he  Duchy  of  Cakmoi.a  i^  bounded  by  tlieGulph 
of  Venice  to  the  well,  by  Sclavonia  and  Croatia  to  the 
call,  bv  Carinthia  and  Stiria  to  the  iioilh,  and  by  the 
Adii.itic  Sea  to  the  f'outh.  It  i-..  110  miles  long,  50 
l)road,  ratlier  cold,  but,  at  the  f.ime  time,  toleraL.y 
fertile.  The  lower  clal's  of  peojile  Ijieak  the  Scl.ivoni.ui, 
or  Wendilli  language;  the  better  li^rt  the  German, 
but  both  with  a  very  indili'erent  tli.ileet.  The  pealiuits 
aie  a  very  hardy  let  I'f  people,  going  barefoot  in  the 
midli  of  winter,  never  covering  their  brealls  from  the 
inclemency  01  the  weather,  ami  (leejiing  on  a  h.ud 
bench,  witiiout  bed  or  bolller.  In  the  Upjx'r  ar.d 
Lower  Krain  the  people  wear  long  beards ;  antl  luch  a, 
live  by  exporting  the  commodities  of  the  country  un 
pack-horles  are  calleil  Samers,  or,  more  jiroperh, 
Saumers.  The  llates  of  Carniola  conlill  of  the  ciergv, 
the  nobiiiiy,  knights,  anil  ro\al  towns.  Clniriianiiy 
v.a-  ilril  planted  in  this  count\  about  the  middle  of  i!ic 
ei^i.tii  centur\  ;  and,  in  the  fixteeiith,  Lutliei.uiilni 
m.uie  a  coniiderable  progrets  in  it  ,  but,  excepting  tlio 
\\  alachians,  or  L'ikokes,  who  are  of  the  Greek  church, 
and  llile  themfelves  Staraver/i,  i.  c.  U!d  Believers,  all 
the  inhabitants  at  prefent  are  Roman  Catholics.  Jn  the 
whole  iluch;.  are  ^;  billioprics,  24  cloillers,  4  comman- 
deries,  anil  134  parilhes  ;  but  to  the  b.ilhopiic  of  Le)- 
bacli  belong  alf'o  many  |Mirilhes  in  Siiria  and  Carinthu. 
The  prir.cip.il  lommo^luies  exported  fi-  m  hence  are 
iron,  lleel,  ijuiJ.-lilver,  white  ..nd  re.l  wine,  oil  vi 
olives  cattle,  llieep,  cheele,  linen,  a  kind  of  woolkn 
lluti'  called  Malialan,  Siianilh  Kailier.  honey,  w.ilnuts, 
limber,  together  with  all  manner  of  wnod  work,  as 
iioxes,  dillies,  trenchers,  I'lKions,  tieves  i"^.  .  Carniol.i 
wa-.  long  a  marcjuif-.te  or  margra\ate;  but,  in  the 
year  I2ji,  was  erected  into  a  diitln.  On  the  ex- 
tiiietion  of  the  margraves,  the  inhabitants  made  dunce 
of  hrederick  11.  iluke  ot  .Aullria  and  Servia,  for  th.eir 
loveieign.  1  Ik  arms  of  Carniola  are  an  eagle  crowned, 
on  whole  bie.ill  ami  expandeil  wings  is  to  be  (eeii 
a  diced  crelcenl.  The  counts  of  Thurn  are  ("u|irenie 
hereditary  llewards  in  Carniola  and  llie  Wendilh  Mark, 
the  lioufe  of  Averlberg  chamberlains  and  marlhah, 
the  prince  of  1  .amberg  mailer  of  the  horle,  the  count 
of  Cobenzd  cuji-bearer,  the  baroiii  ot  I'a  k  aiul  1  lohcn- 
■Aart  tewers,  the  count  of  (iailenberg  raii",er,  the  count 
of  Kal/.enllein  keeper  ol  the  je'.veb,  the  b.iron  of  Lck 
llafi'-bearer,  count  Sauer  of  Ankenlfdn  carver,  and  tlie 
Count  of  Lanihieri  falconer.  The  |  rincipal  oliieers 
for  the  government  ot  the  county  ,ue  ihe  land  cap- 
tain, or  the  goxernor  in  chief,  the  burgi.i\e  of  Laubadi, 
land  lieutenant,  and  laiul  vicar. 

This  uuchy  has  leveral  immaterial  I'libAfu  ilions,  luch 
as  Upi)er,  Lower,  Middle,  Inner,  5cc.  I  u  the  jirin- 
cipal  places  are  the  following  : 

Laiibach,  the  capital,  Hands  on  a  fmall  river  of  the 
I, line  name,  which  falls  into  the  Save  10  lu'les  below 
it.      The  air  here  is  not  reckoned  wholefbmc  ;  yet  it  is  a 

piopiiluu-, 


I 

'it 


Fl'llOl'L._ 

a  prpulovH, 
Jciiek   111. 
tlie  iutil  list 
tle'iintleiit 
cafile  i  but 
is  nor  vrry 
ever,   it  hel 
I-'rederick  I 
K.odlc  of   A I 
lai'.-s  and  il 
c.niotis,  ol 
Ueieis  a  tin 
and  the   pri 
TluTC  are 
river   i.   no 
Europe. 

Caainlxr; 
ovtr  winch 
and  is  bin. 
c  I  lurches ; 
chins.     It 
Bavarian  fa 
lony  ;    bei 
iiioiuiineiit.s 
town. 

rullmoiul 
lidc  ol  the 
gives  title  t 
i.ick,  O) 
ai.d  barnt  1 
tilled,  and 
tilt    emiv  ri 
It  1-  hi;  li.  I 
I'll, It  p.m 
h  r'iie  ;   am' 
loullhip ' 
which  ;;ive- 
is  will,  iiit 
it.    .Viitigu  1 
Ikickttz,  a 
Callua,   wh; 
Sr.   Vicr, 
(Ironi;  callic 
goo.l  trade  » 
lar;;e   ju  imi 
1  iie  nji,^hb 
and  tuiits,  I 
i.s  iblel  eapl 
polite  fide  o 
Mary  of  L( 
in  lilii  i  aim 
of  which, 
cafes  of  wi 
was  iornur 
iiiid  Ixive  a 
tlier  reckon 
its  imiiolts. 
Iviiknitz 
lake,  cilici 
miles  Ion;;, 
and  forells 
lorell  of  p 
tverv  year 
bottom,   le 
returns  Ipo 
tliat  it  looii 
the  grouiv.l 
bil.)reiieLl 
;n.-   r(;re,u 
wliie'h  ripe 
gral's  grow: 
u.  ■  cattle 
neijjhbonri 
lore  the  Ipi 
arc  carp, 
without   lii 
lord  of  til 
ptafants  c;i 
No 


APFIY. 

.il.  )  is  Will  l-.uiit  uni 
.liiii(.ln.s  aiul  iii::\iiit,, 
liuin,  .UKJ  a  |'r.,viiiii,l 
iiM.-.  I  lea-  i.  uiu,  a„ 
vr  ■riia.luhl.  J.;„ia; 
••  It  .1  m:iii  v,.is  (Ir.)n(ly 
to  Ikuij;  I, Mil,  ami  tJKii 

U.l>    t.Ului   JJIIlll),     l|;,y 
it    illll'Kl.llt,    ihl)    |,hJ, 

lilii  ili.iij^i',  and  j.injij 
11  ami  Si.  Vui  arc  Iuhjl' 

I  pukd  tt)  bo  TiLuriiu, 
l"iinJ,  ami  inlicr  am,- 
a  v\a'.    lu]i|ir,lla|  |,u; 

vcr   wliiJi    ilwrc   i-  i 

rca;  tlK)i\)uglilaic,  a.ij 

I'lic  lit  nation  ot  thu 

uircln-.  ail    iKJttil  tor 

nil  r  i^  iioininatiii  an- 

II  tuo  luccLfTivc'  vcars. 
u!. 

louiiiJi^J  l)y  tlieGuljih 
iia  aiul  CiMitia  (o  iln; 
I  III-  iioiih,  aiul  by  the 
is  no  ir.ilis  long,  jo 
:  I'mu-  liinc,  tol„raL.y 
.■  Ijnak  tlic  Stlavoniaii, 
ti-'i  li>rt  the  Gcmun; 
Lli.iLii.  'i'hc  I  calaiiii 
goiiijr  haix'tuot  in  the 
tluir  brcalU  trom  il.o 
il   n;.(i-inj^  on  a  Ij.iul 

In  ihc  Uppci  ar.il 
g  bcal•t^^ ;  and  lucli  a> 
tics  ot  the  country  un 

or,    nunc    jimijcrlv, 
conlill  i)t  tlic  iiti-j^v, 

town-,.      Clirilliaiiiiy 
>out  tlio  mitldlf  uf  ihc 
.Mcvnth,    l.uiiivTanitni 
r  ,   but,  c.\tu|tini^  tho 
nt  the  (Jreik  chuaii, 
i.  c.  Oid  Ikiiavrs,  all 
nan  Catholic?.     In  tliL- 
|.  cloillcrs,  4  coninian- 
)  the  l-iili(.;'ix-  ot  !,(.■)- 
I  Siiri;'.  aiul  Carinthu. 
-irti'd    li'  111   luiiLr  arc 
.ind   r.d   v\inc,  oil  lA 
n,   a  kind  ot  uoolLn 
llicr,  honey,  walnut-, 
icr  ot  wood  work,    as 
l:c\vs  iS:.-.     t'arnicla 
.rav.itc;    but,    in   the 
lii^hv.      On   the  cx- 
labitanls  made  elujiee 
and  Servia,   lor  their 
aie  an  eagle  crowned, 
wings   is    to   be  (leii 
(  Tliurn  arc  fuinenie 
d  the  Wen.iidi  M.uk, 
:rlaiiis   and    niarlliah, 
the   hoile,   the  Count 
1^  ot'  l-Ak  and  lloheii- 
erg  ran-',er,   the  count 
-■b,  tile  baron  of  I'.ek 
iltiin  carver,  and  the 
'ho   1  rincipal   olHiers 
y  are   the   land  laj)- 
InirgiMveofl^aulucli, 

iai  lubdivilions,  Huh 
,  ^c.    I   't   the  priii- 

1  a  (inall  riwr  of  the 
^•ive  10  lu'les  below 
.holelbinc  ;  yet  it  is  a 

{ioi.uluti-, 


■i  priJiilfiui,  well  built  city,  uliicli  the  emperor  I'rt- 
Jeiick  ill.  made  the  fee  lA  a  bilhoii,  lornicrly  iiiultr 
the  juril.lictioi)  of  the  [lairiarcli  ot  A(|inlei.i,  but  i.nw 
tlc'unilent  on  (he  |>o|>e.  It  has  a  tathedral,  and  a  laij;c 
L.dile  ;  but  it  is  coininaiukd  by  a  hill;  iiiul  the  town 
is  not  vrry  (Iroiig,  tlpetia'b  towards  the  river.  How- 
ever,  it  held  out  a  he^e  ill  1 440,  till  tlic  enip-tor 
ircJcrick  III.  c.une  to  its  reliel.  I'lif  priiii  fs  of  the 
l.i'iift  ot  Aiillna  have  the  rij.Mit  ot  appoiiitiii!;  the  pre 
lat^•!l  and  the  tha|)ter  here,  which  only  eiiiiiiU  ol  ii>c 
c.iiii)iis,  ol  whom,  indeeil,  the  bilhoj)  nominates  one. 
lien;  is  a  line  lioufe,  whore  the  llat'  >  ot  the  diictiy  meet ; 
and  the  prince  de  Averlbcri;  ha-,  alii)  a  pal.iec  in  11. 
TIktc  are  leveral  cuiivtiits  lor  both  l'exe>;  and  the 
river  i>  noted  lor  breeding  the  larj^cll  cray-lilh  in 
Europe. 

C'laiiibcrj;,  or  Krainbcr,!.^,  on  the  banks  ol  the  Save, 
over  winch  1;  has  a  briil;;!',  lland .  on  the  top  ol  a  hill, 
and  is  tiirtified  with  a  llron.;  cilUe.  h  h.i>  tluie 
cluirehcs  ;  and  iii  its  fuliurbs,  a  monafli.ry  ol  (!aj)u- 
chins.  It  once  j;ave  title  to  a  marejuis  ol  the  ancient 
havarian  tainily.  Suppofed  to  have  been  a  Koiiian  co- 
loiu  ;  bee.uile  coin.i  and  tiudili,  with  other  llonian 
nionuments,  are  lieiiuenlly  diij;  up  in  and  about  the 
town. 

lljilinoiulorf,  in  thi,  neighbourhood,  mi  the  noiili 
tide  ol  the  Save,  has  alfo  niaiiy  Roman  ,iniiipaiti('s,  and 
gives  title  to  a  Uoi'ian  l.unily  in  Stiria. 

i.ick,  or  lJilho|)tl.u  k,  i.ia  city,  whicli  w:is  plundered 
and  barnt  III  14^1  ;  but  i.s  lui.uiloinely  lehuilt  and  for- 
titicil,  .Hid  is  I'liliieet  to  the  bilhop  ol  I'rc) linj.j,  to  whom 
tin  emii  ror  Mary  III.  ;.;;',ve  it;  and  the  governor  ul 
it  I'  his  li.uleinnit. 

Tii.it  part  oi  lilria  which  belongs  tii  Aullria  is  very 
t>r'i'e;  and  divi.lcil  intd  the  e.uiitv  ol  Mettrrbeig,  and 
loiiilhipi'f  C.ii'uj.  I  lie  chit-l  p'laces  are  N'etterbiig-, 
which  gives  name  to  the  county,  and  is  its  capital.  It 
is  witl.  Hit  vails  or  ramparts,  but  has  a  calif,  to  delend 
it.  .-Xntiguina,  a  large  town;  IViben  the  fei:  ol  a  bilhop; 
Ikickc  tz,  a  town  with  an  harbour,  on  the  Adriatic  ;  and 
C.illua,  vvhieii  gives  name  to  a  lordlhip. 

St.  Vict,  lituated  on  a  bay  of  the  Adriatic,  li.is  a 
(Iroiii;  calbe,  l^  otherwil'e  well  fortified,  and  polfelfes  a 
good  trade  on  aeeouiu  ul  its  exeelient  harbour,  by  wliieh 
large  jurntities  of  goods  arc  exported  and  iinporteil. 
The  Ti-ighbouring  territories  yieUI  abimd.inee  01  wine 
and  iruits,  particularly  ligs.  '1  he  governoi  "■  the  town 
is  ililel  captain,  and  relides  in  the  calllc.  (Jii  the  op- 
polite  fide  of  tiic  river  there  is  a  chapel,  dedicated  to  St. 
Mary  of  Loretto.  I'lie  neigidiouring  gulph  abounds 
in  lilh  ;  among  vvhicil  is  a  ipecies  called  catta,  the  Ikin 
lit  which,  forming  a  kind  of  Ihagrcen,  is  uled  lor  the 
call:,  of  watches,  ealkets,  tclelcopes,  ivc.  I'liis  town 
w.is  lormerly  incoriiorated  with  the  duchy  of  Camilla, 
biid  hove  a  lliare  in  its  taxes;  but,  at  prelent,  it  is  nei- 
ther reckoned  a  p.iri  ot  as  territory,  nor  is  it  fubjecl  to 
its  impolts. 

ICiiknit/,  or  C/,irnitz,  is  remarkable  for  its  l.imous 
lake,  called  the  C/irnitzer  Lake,  or  Sea,  which  is  lo 
miles  long,  and  H  bioad,  enconipailed  with  mountains 
and  forelts  at  loine  dillance,  and  on  the  e.ill  lide  witlia 
lorell  of  pear-tree;.  I'iie  water  finks  under  ground 
fverv  year  in  June,  through  many  large  holes  in  the 
bottom,  leaving  it  iiuite  dry  till  September,  when  it 
returns  fpouting  out  of  thole  holes,  with  fucli  violence, 
tinit  it  loon  riles  to  the  height  of  a  pike,  and  covers  all 
the  ground  again,  making  that  fpace  a  lea,  which  was 
bt  lire  lields  of  corn,  p.iilure,  and  hunting:  for,  after 
;lie  retreat  ot'  the  wiier,  tl.e  peojile  fow  corn  here, 
which  rijien,-,  for  the  fukle  belore  September:  and  the 
grafs  grows  here  fo  quick,  that  it  affords  pnllure  lor 
ti.  '  cattle  and  deer  that  are  turned  into  it  Irom  the 
neighbouring  hills  and  torells,  whicli  are  taken  oil  be- 
fore the  fpriiigs  rife  again.  'I'lie  lilh  that  abound  here 
arc  carp,  eels,  tench,  i*^;c.  which  none  mull  catch 
witliout  licenfe  Irom  the  Prince  Mekenburgh,  who  is 
loril  of  the  manor,  till  the  water  retires  i  and  then  the 
pcalants  catcii  great  numbers,  by  laving  their  nets  orer 
No..  7i. 


C.  V.  11  M  A  K     r.  M  P  I  R  ¥.. 


79,1 


the  hole!!.  The  adjacem  inhabitants  fay,  the  lake  coi>- 
llantly  obfervcs  tlmi  courfe,  but  can  give  no  rcalon  tor 
this  llrangc  pluiTionunon. 

l.aas  lies  near  this  kike,  with  a  callle,  on  the  river 
Hoick,  tiiat  runs  into  it  10  miles  louih-eall  Irom 
C/irnltz,  and  is  noted  for  a  breed  of  well-lliapeJ 
horrcs,  though  not  fo  jjood  for  lervice  as  thole  bred  in 
Karllia. 

U|)per  I.aubach,  on  the  fanic  river,  is  coiifider.ibic 
liir  being  a  mart  lor  Italian  goods,  which  are  brought 
hither  in  great  ipiantities  over  the  mountains  from 
(joit/:,  and  lent  to  all  parts  ot  Germany. 

The  province  of  W'indilchmark,  in  Latin  Vindoruin 
Marelii.i,  lies  in  the  fouth-ealt  corner  of  this  ihichy. 
Some  reckon  it  a  Sclav  oniaii  principality,  and  lubjett 
to  the  imperor,  and  not  apart  ot  C^arniola,  to  whicli 
it  adjoins.  Though  it  is  a  innuiitainous  barren  enun- 
try,  I  I'jii  cially  towards  the  foutli,  it  produces  corn  .mil 
exeeltcut  white  wine.  Its  iiihabit.ints  are  thought  to 
be  ;:  branch  of  the  V'encdi.  Their  language  is  a  mix- 
ture ol  the  Sclavonic  and  German,  and  their  leligion 
Koinan  Gatholic. 

Meiling,  or  Motling,  the  chief  town  of  the  Win- 
dilihin.irk,  Hands  in  a  pleafant  Iruitlul  country,  on  the 
liver  C'lilp,  and  the  frontier  of  Groatia.  '1  he  chief 
tr.ide  ol  its  inhabitants  islattening  fwine,  in  two  neigh- 
bouring woods  of  cheliiuts  and  oaks.  This  town  lies 
lull  in  the  road  from  Laubach  to  Croatia.  The  wooil 
thiou);h  which  it  leads  is  rough  and  Itony,  but  the  relt 
ol  the  country  is  pleafant  and  fruitful.  In  the  year 
14,'ji  this  town  was  fuprifed  by  the  Turks,  and  molt  of 
the  inh.ibliant.i  inaila(  red  ;  and  in  157S  it  was  again 
llorined  and  plundered  by  thofc  iatidels.  There  is  ,1 
lioul'i-  heic  ot  the  Teutonic  order. 

Kuudphlworth,  Rudelfwcrd,  or  Newfladt,  which 
llau.is  on  the  river  (  airck,  it  is  f.iid  to  have  been  a  Ro- 
man ei'lnny,  but  fubdu  V  the  Goths-,  whufe  kiiig, 
Diet  •ricii,  reiided  here.  It  is  a  well-fortilied  town, 
anil  tamiHis  tor  the  bell  wine  in  thole  i)arts.  About  14J5 
it  Was  beliegcii  by  Albert  of  Aullria,  and  Ulrich,  count 
ot  Cilli  ;  but  the  troops  of  the  emperor  Sigif.nund 
obliged  them  to  raile  the  lii'ge ;  and  he  granted  the 
town  great  privileges  for  its  l)rave  oppolition.  It  has 
an  abbey,  a  convent  of  llecollects,  and  hot  baths,  at 
liHir  miles  dillance,  much  inquented  by  foreigners. 
Newllaiit  is  the  name  coniiiionl)  given  to  the  town,  and 
Kudolphfwortii  to  the  abbey. 

Gortz,  or  Goritz,  is  an  ancient  town  on  the  river 
Lo/.ono,  in  Goritia,  fituated  in  the  middle  of  a  wood, 
and  by  fome  thought  to  have  been  the  ancient  No- 
rieia,  or  Noreia,  near  which  Dictericli,  king  of  the 
Godis,  defeated  Odoacer,  king  of  the  Ileruli.  The 
Old,  or  I'pper  Town,  was  taken  in  1507,  by  the 
Vdietiaiis,  who  tortilied  it,  but  regained  bv  the  em])e- 
rcn-  Maximilian  I.  two  years  after;  and  in  if)i6, 
they  again  attempted  to  furprize  it,  but  were  forced  to 
retreat. 

The  .Sclavonian  tongue,  which  is  fpoken  in  thefe  jiro- 
vinces,  reaches  no  farther  well  than  this  town,  where 
the  cnmmon  people  Ijicak  a  corrupt  Latin,  more  like 
l''rinch  than  Italian;  but,  in  the  courts  ol  judicature, 
iliey  fpeak  Iligli  Dutch,  as  do  alio  the  gentry.  It  is 
the  refidence  of  the  governor,  and  other  pcrfons  of 
ijiuility.  'J'lie  inhabitants  pretend  it  is  a  dillinCl  pro- 
vince, and  that  their  ancellors  were  a  colony  of  Ger- 
mans brougnt  hither  from  Swabia.  Ho  ever,  it  is 
deemed  a  part  of  Carniola.  The  river  on  which  the 
toun  Hands  falls  into  the  Guljih  of  Xenice.  The  lower 
part  of  it  is  quite  open,  and  has  a  college,  a  convent  of 
rr.ineifeans,  another  of  Ca]nichins,  ami  fomc  very  line 
houies.  The  towii-houfe,  where  the  dates  of  the  county 
meet,  is  not  la--ge,  but  well  built.  In  the  Upper 
Town,  which  is  called  the  I'ortrtfs,  there  is  a  good 
guard.  Appeals  are  made  from  the  courts  here  to  the 
regency  ol  Aullria.  The  road  from  hence  to  Laubacli 
is  very  flony.  The  county  or  dillricl  of  Goricia,  of 
which  this  town  is  the  capital,  is  35  miles  long,  and  ij 
broad,  and  has  line  vineyards.  It  had  formerly  its  par- 
9  P  '  ticulir 


i 


m' 


bif 


ro* 


A  NTW  Ar;r>  AriMFXTIC  SVSTF.M  or  VNIVFUSAI.  OF.OOIIAIMIV, 


liiuhir  count*,  tlir  lir.iiicli  <it'  wliiv-!i  W\w,  f\u\w\,  tlu       Iutc,  li;is  been  to  li  lul  loim'  lliips  ainonj^  tlif  Arclii| 


riujurnr  KruKriik    IV.  took  pollt  ilioii  nl   it   in  14 
l>>  ili;it'it  IkIom};s  to  tlii'  luv.ilc  ot  Aiilhia. 


I.ij;()  lIl.uiiN,  liciiii  wiifiicc  tlitv   l)iii)j;  l).uk   wiiits,  t'lit. 
ton  ).iin,  Iriiit'f,  anJ  |i»:nt  lilk,  };ri)^rain-yarn,  canuU 


Siilliiiliiirp  is  a  market  town  ol  note,  on  the  banks  ot  liair,  i^e.     lint  die  elm  1    luislorimie  wliieli  the  Aull 

the  (Jurek,  which  liipplies  it  witli  plenty  ot  lilh,  p.irti-  ans  labourcil  uiulcr  in  earryini   on  the  great  traile  pru- 

Ciilarlv  the  bi  ll  eray  lilh   in  the  eouiitry.     It  is  Uibjcct  polcil  Uur.w  this  jiort,  was,  tl  at   they  liail  no  (unj  of 

to  tlie  eoinits  of  Avi  rlpertj.  j.'ooil*  lor  ejtj'ortation,  ciiiier    'ir  ihi  ir  puuhieu  or  111,1. 


l.aiuillratie  is  a  llroni,' town,  ahiioll  ciu  oinpalled  liy       niitiilUires ;  the  onlv  artieic  they  eoiilil  r.xpoit,  cl  ;iiiy 


t!ie 


(; 


It  h 


■nils  aiu 


1  vMli, 


I  hie! 


iiiiklieUoii  over  tiie  inijjhbourin;^'       v.ihie,    b^liij;  thf    wroii;;ht    iron   iraile    in   l^aiiiitl 


1  were  lorinerlv  a  w;l<hrii'ls  tor       Stiria, 


dt' 


le  ailKuent  eniinfries 


tb 


iiulecil. 


t 


lever.i!   Urines,  but  ot'  late  ;i;',(S  well   iiiliabiteil;  the  RriMt  lerviee  to  the  N'ciieii.ins,   beeaut'e  they   iiavc  ii'i 

vali.es  luvin,'  been  eonvertc  J  into  nieailo'vs  aiul  pal"  iron  works  near  them.      1  he  Vinetians  l.avc  a  navi. 

tiirage,  by  a  eoni|vin;' ot  Wal.iehians,  tliat  liiiltil  I.ere  '    ;;arioii   alio  thr'niph  Stiria  by  the  river  Miihr,  to  tin: 

Iv  the  name  ol  (''ioken,  who  are  of  the  (ireek  elinrcli,  i    I'amilie,  and  fo  to  N  ienna  }  anil  thev  have  the  like  iit 


jiav  the  emperor  I'otiibutr.  but  own  him  tor  lim 


( 


unJ, 


by   the  jjreat   river  Save,    wliieli    ri 


iijion  ocealioii,  turnilh  utm  with  men  in  pinpor-  |    Croatia  aiul 
ibe 


\U 


I'rom  iliel'e  ('oiir.tiii's  the  \'i 


tion  to  rlieir  number 


nrri  iiii  reeeive  a  j.'vcat  (inantity  ot   lar";(    black  ci'.tile, 

Rciliut/.  is  a  noted  town  on  the  borders  of  Cr.nicila,      \ili:e'.i  ure  boiiijht.  lean,  Iroiii  Lri'.itla,  '.iiid  then  bronylii 

near  t!)e  '/irniektr  See,  biin,.;  tlu:  ehiel  ol  a  b;iruny       il.iwn  to  t!ic  ta't  martlivt  ot  Vt  iiier,  and   led  tliere  irl 

ol  the  l.imc  name  bilou^^int;  to  the  tainily  ot    Tn^ler,       ifi'.y  are  fit.     Some  al'.o  are  bou".lit  at  tlu-  Icveral  tiin 

and  the  place  where  the  Imperial  traiiiei!  iands  ot  tlii-;      on  the  troiitifrs  ol  f.irinihi  > ;  and  they  allbrj  the  bnl 


county  niuller.     'i'he  Turki.  burnt  molt  of  it  dov.N  i.i      beet,  wiien  ted  in  the  vieii  la 


,U 


iimls  ot  l.omli.irilv,  tli.it  i* 


I4S>- 


to  h<:  loimil  in  that  part  of  the  world. 


(bidi 


The  province  of  Knrtlia  i    rc-koned  a  pr^t  of  the  '1  he  Mrian  liottom  is  dtnated  bctwci-ii  Carnidla  and 


V  ol  (!arii 


uil,  bttwixt  whieh 
ill 


thoilnh 

'll 


It  tiTini.rly  bel 
It  i 


ri- 


I'la  it  lies. 


d  to  K 
lii'rdula, 


ahnolf  eiieo'iipalled  with  the  rivtrs  Allien  and  l.iloii/.o, 
rd 


tiie  eiuiiiyot  (!oit^.    'J'li.-  iiaiiw  Isilcru.d  trom  Mria, 
roval   ma;Ue!  town,  which  ii  imineiii.iti  ly  f  d'levi  10 


tlie 


Aurtr 


-ehainbcr  (irat/ 


d  1; 


es  111  a  ilieii 


Huit  ;«  miles  Ion 


j;,  and  i->  broad,  and  remarkable  lor       vi'lleN,  amiilll  liieji  moimtains,  on  the  fmill  river  biria. 


u  breed  of  j;o()J   iiorl'e»,  which  arc  bou'^ht  u;i  by  moll       'I'his  town  is  di  teikled  by  a  eallle,  and  etlehrateil  tor 


of  the   Italian   iiobHit\ 


t   was   dilmembered    from      ijuicklilver  mines. 


Til 


it--, 
e  common  tort  ol  oulLklilvci  \i 


Iriuli  in  15CC,  and  is  divided  into  Up['cr  and  Lower  '    txtrici.d  tron\  the  ore  bv  means  of  lire  1  but  the  vir;;iu 
Karltla.  i    (inlckiilv  er  is  tt>undin  luiincrous  tiiiall  dri>p:',  or  trieklen 

In  thi^  province  is  the  lanion<  river  'riini\ii<,  men-       thro.i.'l,  the  V'^in.  of  the  mountains,     Malelactor!,  are 


tioncil 


■  'rg": 


in  the  tirll   ,*l!neid.      it  is  called  at 


coiu!e".iiu-i: 


I  to  tilde  mines  to  work  tor  lite,  i\i  thib  I 


.mJ 


lirlJ    U^cca;    and,    alter    runniiv^    under    i.touikI    for       ct  1  ibour  1.  tlie  ninll  miv.  holl'ome  that  can  be. 


[ibovc 


4D  mile^ 


r 


iinavi's,  as   loon   as    it   biiil- 


out 


As  wi 


<i;;ain,  and  t,.!U  into  the  Gu 


III  o 


f  Tnelle  bv  1. 


aimot  jireleiit   the  reader  with  a  more  .lecu- 


Trieftc,  the  chief  t( 


if 


all  I    rate  deleription  of  tliel'e  mines,  or  a  nunc  pathetic  dil- 
!    pinv  ot   the  miferies  of  tlmfe  who  are  doomed  to  toil  in 


iwn  ot  t:.is  province, 


:ai-..!s  on 


the  Adriatic  Sea,  at   tin    bottom  of  a  bav,  to  v.hieli 


em. 


liaii  what  arc  eontuined  in  two 
ll   and 


lett 


IV  a  learneil   aiul  iiiu'emous   traveller,  o 


f  th 


ers,  wriitiii 
e  name  <.'. 


.f;ivc^  name, 


It 


the  ru.us  ot  tlie 


w:'.s  a  Koir.an  eolonv 


d  built  !rom       b.v.raid,  wc  iiili.rt  them  without  iart' 


.uieien 


t  T 


cr'relluiu  o 


f  tiie  Car 


.ipolo^y. 


ni  ins 


tiie  rums  ol  which  are  I 


to 


be   f 


een  on  on  a  iiei:;ii- 


bcuring  mountain.      It  is  a  linail  but   llroni;  and   pn 


1.  r.  T  T  j:  11   I. 


luious  niacc,  with  a  Inrcre  I 


rgc 


uuD'iur,  t:ie  only  one 


th, 


1 

lioule  of  Aultria  has  in  tins  country.  It  is  alio  a  l>iltio])'s 
lee,  under  the  patriarch  of  A(]uile;a.  The  \'enetians 
leized  it  in  tiic  be;.;iiiiiiii^'  ot  the  13th  century,  011  ac- 
count ol  the  plr.icy  ol  the  inhablunts  j  but  Ma\linilian 
I.  took  it  Irom  the  Venetians,  A.  D,  ly.'.j,  and  his 
lucctllurs  have  been  in  pofieilion  of  it  ever  lince. 
V-  -at  (juantities  ol  filt  are  made  here  and  exported  j 
a'  '  the  nei^'lihourinn;  country  jjrodiice.,  j:ood  wine, 
T,iere  is  a  line  towii-lioufe  in  the  middle  ol'  a  large 
I  ;uarc,  near  the  port,  where  are  two  beauiiliil  (lone 
pillars;  one  with  the  iinaj^i'  of  the  Vir(;i!i  M.iry  upon 
it,  and  tlie  other  with  that  ol  tlie  emperor.  Here  are 
a  cathedral,  a  colh-i^e,  and  a  churrh.  'I'he  town  is 
\vell  built  ;  and  the  rucks  run  into  the  k'a  here  in  the 
l.nni  ol  moles,  which  bre.ik  tlic  waves,  and  render  it 
lale  riding,  even  tor  fiiips  <t  burden,  \\hen  in  ]Hirt ; 
but  it  ii  only  freiiuentcd  by  finall  veil'els,  jnll  to  crof; 
ov-,r  to  \'ei:ice:  thouf;li  the  emijeror  Charles  \  [.  who 
bad  no  other  lea  port  in  his  hereditary  dominions  before 
tlic  treaty  ol  peace  at  Radadt,  which  threw  Italy,  '^i- 
tily,  and  the  Spiniiii  KetherlaiuK,  into  his  hands, 
made  this  a  Iree  port,  and  gave  great  encouragement 
to  the  thlp^  and  inerclinnts  of  all  nations  to  come  to  it, 
defigi.ing  to  make  it  the  center  of  the  Audrian  com- 
merce in  thi>  jian  of  the  world :  but  the  merchants  of 
T'rielle  nut  having  a  flock,  the  Venetians  thcmfelves 
came  among  tlnin,  and  carried  on  tliat  very  trade  for 
them,  by  which  they  were  fo  languiiie  at  one  time,  as 
to  think   ot  fujjplanting    evi  n    \'eniie  ill'.li  :   fur  trom 


"  AI"  I'F.R    p,  '^ing  through  fevcral  parts  of  thf  Alps 


this  port  the    Venetian   mereliants   llruck  into   a 
commerce,  Uy  the   river  Save  to   I>el;;rai!e,  and 


new 

rom 


and  having  vilitcil  ijermany,  I  tliouglit  i  coulil  not  n-- 
turn  home  without  vililing  the  (juickl'lver  mines  at  hlri.i, 
and  feeing  thoi's  dreadful  fubtcrr.meous  caverns,  where 
thonlands  are  erndenmcd  to  relide,  Ihut  out  fiom  all 
hopes  of  ever  teeing  the  ihearkil  light  ot  the  fun,  and 
obliged  to  toil  out  a  milerable  11..;  uiuier  the  whi|is  ot 
im|  erious  fa'k  mailers.  Imagine  to  ymirttll  aholeiii 
the  fide  of  a  mountain,  about  live  yards  over:  down 
this  you  are  let,  in  a  kind  ot  bucket,  morf  tiian  io:> 
l.ithom,  the  prol'i)e;.t  growing  (till  more  gloomy,  yet 
Hill  widening  as  vou  de  Lend.  At  length,  after  Iwing- 
ing  in  terrible  lulpenre  lor  loine  time  in  diis  jireearious 
fitu.ition,  you  tlun  reaeii  the  bottom,  i.iul  triad  on  the 
;■  round,  whieii,  by  its  hoil.iwi'd  found  under  y<Hir  teet, 
and  tlie  reveibi rations  of  the  echo,  leeins  tlinn-.lerin'.;- 
at  every  Hep  you  take.  In  this  gloom}'  and  Irightlul 
folitude,  you  are  cnlighteiud  by  the  leeble  gleam  ol 
lamps,  lure  and  there  difperfcd,  ti)  as  that  the  wretched 
inhabitants  of  thefe  manlions  can  go  from  one  place  to 
anotlier  wiihuut  a  guide  ;  and  ye'  let  me  allure  you, 
tiiat  though  thev,  by  ciiltom,  could  fee  ob|ecls  very 
didindly  by  thefe  light.s  I  could  fcarce  dilcern,  for 
tome  time,  any  thing,  not  even  the  perfon  who  came 
with  me  to  Ihew  me  thefe  fcenes  of  horror. 

"  b'rom  this  dei'eription,  I  fu]>pole,  you  have  but  a 
dilagreeable  idea  of  the  jilace  ;  yet  let  me  all'ur<;  you 
tliat  it  is  a  jialace,  if  we  compare  the  habitation  with 
the  inhabitants :  Inch  w  retches  my  eyes  never  yet  be- 
held, 'I'he  blaeknefs  of  their  vilii;';es  only  ferves  to 
cover  an  horrid  palcnefs,  cauled  by  the  noxious  ciuali- 
lies  of  the  mineral  they  are  emj.loyed  in  jiroeuring.     As 


thence  to  Sinopc  in  the   Black  Sea;  and   likewife  to    i  they  in  general  conlill  of  malefactors  coiulemncd  tor 
Conilaiitinoplc.     Tlic  molt  tl  e  Ccrnuuh  have  yet  done  !'  jlfy  to  this  talk,  they  arc  led  at  the  public  cxpence  ; 


but 


i 


i 


jcr  Wlll.e, 
■was  cii.m 
l.ihour  in 
iiioii,  a  tl 

'•  A.i 
young  wi! 
h)  be  boi 
this   plact 
•  vcn  in  tl 
<liaiins  li 
This  lad' 
himihi's 
procure 
lefol^ed  I 
tllem 
inaiilioi 
ivitii  liii 
lies  ot 
tit  (>puh 
licr  uui 


"   V. 
much  I 
the  dci 
in  it,  w 
in.miioi 
i,i    ili'o 
:itii.->tiii 
Jiad.  w  1' 
to  the  ll 
.lb   u;,s 
liiiid. 
I'lie;,,!; 
them   I 
brother 
mate   fr 
eaiiu'  w 
the  l;iii 
who  w  .1 
with  a 
abode, 
<if  the  1 
hupollil 
grlel-w, 
eiiuitioi 
lier  hul 

"  So 
pcaraiic 


IV. 

iiionj^  tlie  Arclilpc 
j;  I>;iik  wiiR's,  i\it. 
ii;r;iin-yarn,  i.iimU 
uhicli  tlif  Aullri^ 
Ik  I'ltMt  traili'  ))ri). 

V  llilil  no  tuilj  dt' 
ir  pimlllti;  or   iiil- 

n!il  •..\|i(iit,  111  -.my 
,u!>'     ill    ('.iiiiitlii,., 

\]u  li,  iiuK  c.l,  i-i  1  I' 

Ull'c    tllCy     luVC    llrl 

•liaiis  I. live  ;\  liav'i- 
rivir  Muhr,  ti»  tin: 
i-v  havr  till-  like  ill 
wliii'li  runs  ii,'(> 
c  t'lUli'.tlirs  tllc  \\- 

l,ir^(    Muck   CiMtlc, 

.1,  'ii.!  tln'ii  bronylit 

in.i   |.\l   ilit-rc   lii 

t  at  t!;  •  Itvcra!  I  lin 

tiu-y  allorJ  tin-  h'lt 

r.uinh.uJy,  that  \i 
!J. 

tuciii  rami.  l:i  aiul 
s  ili:ru  .  il  Ivom  Mna, 
r.nccilati  ly  I  ;!'H'-. i  lo 
:,  auil  lii  i  ill  a  li'i-p 
i1k  tin, '.11  riviT  Klria. 
anil  ciU'liratcil  tor  it-; 
I  liirt  oliiuiiklilvcr  is 
t  Inc  i  but  tlic  viii'/iu 
nail  tlrci''',  or  trickles 
in>i.      Malclaclors  arc 

l>)r  life,  a>  thib  kind 
lat  can  be. 

cr  witli  ;i  more  accu- 
r  a  nunc  pathetic  ihl- 
arc  iloonitil  to  toil  in 
n  two  h'tters,  writtin 
:iler,  ot  the  name  it 
lart'.icr  ap..loi;y. 

I     I. 

era!  parts  of  tlif  Al|«, 
:ou;:iit  1  ciiulil  not  rc- 
cUlilvcr  mines  at  Ulria, 
iiu'ous  caverns,  where 
rule,  Unit  oni  Ironi  all 
I  lif;ht  of  the  I'un,  aiul 
.;  unikr  the  whii^  ot 
e  to  yiHirlcU  a  hole  in 
ive  yarils  over :  iknui 
iicket,  more  than  io.> 
till  more  gloomy,  yet 
At  len'.!;th,  alter  Iwinj;- 
limt;  in  'his  precarion-; 
ttom,  •..;'.J  tread  on  tlie 
jiunul  uiuler  yonr  feet, 
cho,  kerns  thnnderini; 

f^loomy  and  trighthil 
ly  the  tecblc  gleam  ol' 
lo  as  that  the  wretched 
n  go  from  one  place  to 
^er  let  mc  allure  you, 
conlil  fee  ob|ecls  very 
lid   Icarre   dilcern,  tor 

the   |iirlon  who  caini: 

of  horror. 

ppoli-,  you  Invc  but  a 
vet  let  mc  allure  you 
lare  tlie  habitation  witli 

my  eyes  never  yet  bc- 

vi!a;!;es  only  ferves  to 
1  h','  the  noxious  (juali- 
oyed  in  jirocuring.  As 
:facl:ors  condemned  tor 
at  the  public  expence  ; 
but 


nmoiM-.]  G  I.  U  M  A  N 

but  feldoiii  ronfump  much  provifinn,  as  t'u  y  Inic  llieir  i| 
ap)Kiite.s  in  a  lii  irt  iinii',  aiiil  cominonly' in  .diont  two  | 
^cJM  c\|Mu  ,  tlnoui',h  a  tiit.il  contraitioii  ul  all  the  joints  ' 
«it'  the  body. 

*'  III  (In.,  Iiorrid  iiunlioii  I  walki'tl   :ilier  my  guiilc 
for  I'l. lilt  time,  i>o!u!criiij;  on   the  ilr.iiige  tyranny  and 
tivarice  ol   mai  kiiul,  when  I  was  aecoltcd  by  u  voice 
btliind   me,  ciUiii)'  me   by   my  n.itne,  and  ciupiiiiiig 
alter  mv   iiciltii  with  the  moll  cordi.d  .idectioii.      1 
Uirntd,  anil  l.iw  a  tiiMtmc  all  black  and  hiUous,  who 
iijiproached  II  f,  aiiil  with  a  piteous  aeeent  ilcmandiii;:;, 
'•  Ah,   I'.vcraril,  do  you  not  know  nier"  liood  (iml' 
vliatwas  my  lurprile,  when  throuj'.li  thevk.il  ol  tins 
\vretehiiliiel>,  I  liilcivered  the  leatnr'  ,  ol   a  ilcar  and 
tild  i'liciui.      I   lieu  to  him  with  allcvlrjii;  ami  alter  a    | 
icir  ol   coii.lolei  ee,  aikcd  lio.v   he   tame  tliere.     'I'o  ,; 
1,11,  he  1. 1  h  d,  ili.it  h.ivmg  lought  a  duel  with  an  olli- 
tcr  ol   til'   Auilrian  iiilan'i),    ag.iiiilt  the  emperor's 
4;oin:;!.ni.!,    an  I    h..s;iif;   le.'t    iiiiu   lor    dead,     he   u.is 
•  ilil,  ,1  d  I.)  l!)  into  llie  lorelN  ot    lllria,  where  he  v..is 
ln;i  I  US'  II,  and   allerwaid,   llicltered  by  lone  baiuliili, 
who    !  .1.1    hull,   inleilcd   that  iju.irter.      With  tin. 'j  he 
hved  nine  monili.s,  till,  by   a  tlofe  iiivtiliture  of  the 
jdaee,  in  wliiili  they  wen;  concealed  ;  and  alter  u  very  ; 
obllin.it.'  reliiianee,  in  which  the  gre.iter  part  ol  them  i! 
werekiiiid,  he  was  taken  and  e.inicd  to  Vienna,  in    j 
c.rder  to   be  brokm  .dive  upon  the  wheel.     llow.^ver, 
upon  arriving  at  the   capit.il,  he  was  tiuiekly  known; 
and  leveral  ot   the  alkiciates  ot  his  lu'cul.ition  and  il.m 
J  er  will  eilmj;  hi,>  iimoc>.nce,  his  pimilhinelit  ol  the  rack  ■ 
^vas  cli.in  '.ed   into  that  ol    perpetual    banillimeiit  and 
l.i'jo".r  in  the  mines  of  Iilri.i-  a  i'eiitcnce,  in  my  o[n- 
iiioii,  a  tiioul.md  tiini'K  worle  than  death.  \ 

'•  A.)  my  old  trieiid  was  giving  me  thi-s  account,  a  ; 
Vonn.T  woman  came  up  to  him,  who  at  once  I  perceived 
i.i  lie  bom  Ivir  better  lortune  :  the  dreadful  lituati.in  oj 
this   placti  was   not  able   to  deHroy  her   beauty  ;  and 
«-vcii  in  tliis  keneof  v\  reteliediiefs,   die  feeiaed  to  iiave 
<harms  fulheient  to  grace  the  mod  brilliant   alleinbly.  I 
'Ihisladv,  \Mi5,  ill  lad,  daughter  to  one  of  the  lird  i 
lamihes  in  (lerm:my  ;  and  having  trleil  every  ii'.eaiis  to  ' 
j'rocure  In  r  hnlliand's  p.irdon  without  elled,  was  at  lall  , 
K  lidded  to  Ihare  his  mileiie^,  as  llie  could  not  relieve  ' 
t!iem.      With  him  the  accordingly  delceiided  into  thele  I 
iiianlioiiN,  Iro  n  \,!ieiiec  lew  of  the  living  return  j  and  \ 
ivitii  liiiii  the  is  contented  to  live,  lorgetting  tiie  gaie-  ; 
tics  ol  life,  and  wi:li  hiiii  to  toil,  Jclpifmg  the  fpkiidor  ' 
ut  oM\iKnce,  and  lonienttd  \\iili   llie  coiilcioufiiels  ol  , 
licr  own  conil.moy.  | 

I.  K  T  '{•  T,  R     II. 

"   MY  lall  to  you  wa.i  e\preiiive,  and,  pcrliap'!,  too  i 
inueh  fo,  of  the  gloomy  litii.itioii  of  my  mind.      1  own,  ! 
the  deplorable  filualion   ol   the  worthy  man    del'eri',)ed 
in  it,   was  enough  to  adil  double  Icveritv  to  the  hideous 
iiMUiion.      At  prelciu,  however,  I  have  the  ha|i]iinels 
«.i   in'orm.ir.,  you,  tli.it  I  was  u  fpecl.itor  ot   the   moll 
;ilii.\tiiig  leenes    1  ever  yet  beheld.      Nine  days  alter  I  : 
Jiad  wniii  ;i  tnv  lafl,  a  perldii  came  poll  trom  \  ieiina,  , 
toihe  iitde  vi'iage  near  to  the  mouth  of  the  great  llialt.  ] 
.1  !■  uas  11.  11  alter  lollowed  by  a  feeond,  and  he  by  a  j 
I'.iii.l.     d'lie    liril  emiuiry   was  after   my   nidortuiiate  ' 
j'l.eii.li  an.i  i  happening  to  overhear  tlu;  demand,  gave 
them  the  tint    iiitelligenee.     'I'wo   of   the'.j  were   the  ' 
brother  and  coulm  of  the  ladv  :  the  tiiird  was  an  inti- 
m.ire   trleiid   aiiil   teilowioldier   to  my  tiiend.     1  hey 
came  wiili   his  pardon,  whicli  iiad   been  procured  b) 
the  genei.d,  with  whom  the  duel  had  been  fought,  and 
who  was  pertedly  cured  of  his  wounds.     I  led  him, 
with  all   the   expcilition   (d    joy,  down  to  this   dreary 
abode,  prelented  to  him  hislriends,  and  inlormed  him  . 
of  the  h.ippy  change  id  his  cireumltanees.      It  w-.nild  be 
impollihle  to  delcribe  the  joy  that  brightened  upon  his  : 
griei-wom   countenance;    nor  was   the  young   lady's  ' 
emotions  lels  vivid  at  feeing  her  Iriends,  and  hearing  of  j 
lier  hulband's  liberty.  i 

"  Some  hours  were  employed  in  mending  the  ap-  ; 
pcaranccot  this  faithful  couple;  nor  could  I,  without 


r  M  I'  I  11  r. 


7'i5 


a  te.ir,  Iichokl  my  frieml  takinr;  lenvf  of  the  foriiur 
wittilud  comp.mi'iiis  ot  his  toil.  1  o  one  he  lelt  hill 
m.itiock,  to  another  his  workiiig  rlothes,  to  a  thinl 
Ilil.  houlliold  uKuliU,  lucti  as  were  lu'ced'urv  (oi  him  in 
that  lituation.  We  loon  emerged  from  ihc  mine,  wneru 
lie  <  nee  again  revllittd  the  light  of  the  luii,  (hat  lie 
had  tot.dly  di  IpaircJ  of  ever  licmg  again.  .'\  pidl- 
I  liaile  and  lour  were  ready  the  m  .\t  moriiing  to  lake 
them  to  V  ieiinu,  wiiere,  1  am  Imee  iidornn  d  bv  a  Utter 
Irom  liimlell,  they  are  returned,  I  he  empiror  ban 
again  t.d;eii  him  into  t.ivour,  his  lortiim.  and  r.iiik  sue 
rellorcd,  and  h>'  ami  his  tair  putiu  r  have  iio.\  tliu 
plealiiig  l.itislactioii  of  lei  ling  lii.p.pmcls  with  ilouble  rt- 
iilli,  as  tliey  once  knew  what  it  was  to  be  mili  r.ible." 

'I'hc  county  of  'I'irol  is  partly  level  and  partly  moun- 
tainous :  the  |!l,iciii  ot  the  loriiicr  are  Itrtile,  and  tliuiie 
of  tile  la'.ter  covcrcvl  with  woods,  abounding  in  game, 
and  rich  in  mines,  I  he  nuii  are  ri.luiU,  tin-  \wimeii 
l.iir;  and  both,  in  their  th.iracUrs,  have  a  mi.^ture  ot 
the  (ieu:i  m  ar.il  itali.in. 

A  p.irt.cular  kiiul  ol  f.dmation  is  iifeil  all  over  T  iii.I. 
When  a  perfoii  comes  into  a  licuile,  he  fa\  s,  "  llail  !• 
jel'us  Chrill."  'I'lie  atifwcr  is,  "  May  C'hrllt  lv.  prailed, 
and  the  Holy  \  irgin  Uis  inoilur."  '1'' en  the  mailer 
of  the  lioule  take.s  the  vilitor  bv  the  liami.  This  I'a- 
lutation  is  li.sed  up  in  print  at  all  the  dtiors,  v'nh  an 
advev.ileineiit  tacked  to  it,  importing,  that  pope  Cle- 
ment Xl.granteil  too  days  mdtilgeiice,  and  a  plenary 
abl'oluti  Ml  to  tliofe  who  lliould  pronounce  the  l.ilutatioii 
and  anfi.er. 

The  emperor  has  forts  aiu!  ehadels  to  advaiitngeoufly 
lituatcil  on  rreks  and  inoimtaiiis  all  over  tlu-  county, 
that  the'  e-nnnui.d  all  the  v.iHies,  averues,  and  palles 
that  lead  into  it.  The  inhabitants,  however,  (to  keep 
tliein  in  good  humour)  are  more  gently  treated,  and 
not  fo  hi;;li'v  ta\.'d,  as  thole  of  the  othc  r  hereilitary 
countries.  As  to  the  I'tates,  tin  y  are  mueh  the  lame  in 
this  countv  as  in  the  other  Aiiilri.m  tcriitories,  except 
that  the  pealimts  li-re  lend  depuues  to  the  iliets.  'i'irol 
came  to  the  houle  ot  .\ullria  in  the  year  •  j6j,  when 
Margaret,  countefs  thereof,  bciiueathed  it  to  her  un- 
cles the  ilukes  of  .'\utlria.  'J  he  arms  ol  'I'irol  are  an 
eagle  gules,  in  a  field  iirgent.  llelides  the  governor, 
here  arc  three  kn-ereign  colleges,  fubordin.ite  to  the 
court  at  \'ieima,  which  lit  at  l;.l'pruek  on  the  Inn,  the 
capital  of  the  county,  lita.iteil  ::.^  iiiiies  wed  ot  Vienna. 
The  city  is  hiiall  but  elegant  ;  the  luburbs  arc  large, 
and  the  \\liole  is  plealant.  it  contains  leveral  hand- 
ihvM:  ehurehes,  convents,  niarketphces,  fountains,  and 
palaces,  is  the  retidence  of  the  governor,  and  feat  ot 
the  colleges.  The  eadle  is  large,  but  not  regular; 
convenient,  but  not  beautiinl.  It  i,^  adorned  with  many 
line  paintings,  a  cabiiut  of  euriolities,  groves,  gardens, 
and  walks  that  lead  Irom  it  to  live  dilterent  churclies. 
Adjoining  to  it  is  a  wooden  palace,  whither  tlie  court 
ufed  to  rctiic  when  an  eartlK|u<i'.>e  happened,  to  whicli 
the  city,  by  biing  ihut  up  among  fo  many  mountains, 
is  tre.juentlv   fubjed. 

The  tortilications  are  not  extraordinary  ;  but,  about 
a  mile  otF,  is  the  (Iroilg  callle  of  Amras,  or  Ambras, 
which  commands  the  town.  In  the  I'raneilean  churcli 
is  a  r.oble  moiuimcnt,  erected  by  Ferdinand  I.  to  his 
grand-father  Maximilian ;  ami  a  chancel,  called  tlio 
lilver  clianecl,  beeaiile  there  is  an  image  ot  the  Virgin 
ol  I'olid  lilver,  as  l.irgc  as  the  life,  in  the  miihlle  of  tlic 
altar,  together  with  many  other  images  of  faints,  all  of 
the  fame  metal.  In  this  city  Chriirma,  queen  of  Swe- 
de ,  (irll  abjured  the  Proteliant  religion  in  1655  ;  and, 
ill  171  g,  the  priuccfs  Sobietki  was  detained  here  by  the 
I  emperor's  orders,  when  llic  was  going  to  Italy  to  be 
married  to  the  I'letender.  I  lowever,  llie  'boii  made 
her  el'eape,  and  was  marviei!  to  him. 

I  lall,  wlndi  ttands  a  league  north-eai't  of  lri(i)mek, 
'  on  the  Inn,  and  is  reckoned  the  feeond  city  in  'Iiri>l,  is 
fauunis  for  its  falt-works,  there   being,  in   this  neigh- 
bourhood, a  falt-mine,  out  of  which    large  blocks  of 
fait  are   dug,  and  thrown   into  pits    tilled    with    trefli 
'  water;  from  whence  the  I'alt,  when  melted,  is  convey- 
ed 


I 


'  I'l  I 


Ml 


Ml. 


fi  1 


A  NEW  AND  AUTHENTIC  SYS'ITM  oi    UNTVFUSAl.  rir.OCRAPIlY. 


'■  -u 


r!'i  Mp 


cd  by  wooden  troughs  to  ll;ill,  ami  tlu-rc  boilal  in 
hu^e  pans  or  citlern.s.  A  j^rcat  iuhhIkt  ot  [icalaiHs  arc 
contiiiiiallv  fiiiploycd  in  fclliiip;  trees  in  tiie  woods  ul 
fir,  with  wl.icii  the  double  range  ol'  mountains  alt  m;^' 
tlie  Inn  are  covered.  Thele  being  rolled  down  Irom 
the  mountains  into  the  river,  are  eonveyeil  bv  it  to 
Inlpruek.  and  Hall.  Here  i;;  a  mint,  which,  with  the 
fait  worlds,  mines,  i^c.  render  this  a  very  llourilhing 
place. 

Ambras,  or  Amras,  a  (Irong  ealile,  lies  about  one 
mile  and  a  halt' call  of  the  city.  The  name  was  derived 
from  the  dclign  ot'  it,  which  was  a  (liady  lummer- 
houfe.  It  is  pleal'anily  litu..ted  at  the  end  ol'  a  tine 
park,  over-looking  the  river  Inn  ;  but  •■•  oulJ  hardly  he 
vilit.'il  bv  travclltrs,  were  it  not  lor  its  curi<iruiis;  the 
apartments  containing  hiile  ir.ore  than  the  bare  walls  ; 
thnugh  they  were  I'umptuoufly  fitted  up  I'ortnerly  for 
the  archdukes  of  Aulhia,  who  ul'ed  to  fpend  their 
fummcrs  here,  as  iluy  did  their  winters  at  Inlpruck. 
Ambras  is  adorned  with  fucii  a  number  of  (latues,  and 
fuch  an  infinite  quantity  ot  medals,  &c.  tliat,  in  i(h  i, 
a  large  bock  was  printed  with  an  account  ot  them. 
Belidcs  the  inimcnie  treal'ure  in  gold  and  prccion^ 
jione,-,  the  feveral  jirinces,  ranged  on  horleback  in  all 
their  rich  old  tilting  accoutrements,  aiid  a  tlioulaiul 
other  remarkabie  things,  liere  are  tlie  armour  ot  (.'hark  s 
XI.  king  of  I'Vance,  and  the  llatue  of  Krancis  I.  on 
horfcb-ick,  in  plailter-work,  exacfly  reprefeiiiing  him 
in  his  arm.iiir,  and  his  horle  in  his  trappings,  juli:  as  lie 
was  tal^en  ai  tiie  battle  of  I'avia.  Here  i.«  likewilc  the 
armour  ot  feveral  einpero's,  kings,  and  prmees ;  with 
'he  picture  of  each  prmcc,  drawn  to  the  hie,  jull  liy  it. 
In  lluirt,  here  are  abundance  ot  Ipoils  and  trophies 
taken  in  tome  of  the  moll  important  victories  obtained 
by  tlie  houle  of  Aullria  tor  j  or  4C0  ycnrs  palt  ;  par- 
ticularly the  ctligies  of  two  Turkilh  balhaws  on  Iiorfe- 
back,  witli  the  colllv  habits  and  harnelfes  in  whicli 
th.ey  were  taken,  embellillicd  with  gold,  tiUer,  and 
])rccious  Itones.  One  very  extraordinary  pluviiomeiu'n 
among  the  collection  ot  rarities,  is  the  trunk  ot  an  oak 
encloling  the  entire  body  of  a  deer,  whieli  I'hilofophers 
t'uppole  to  iuve  perilhed  in  the  tnou  j  and  that,  being 
brought  down,  upon  a  thaw,  by  a  torrent  from  the 
neighbouring  hills,  and  covered  with  mud,  it  was  there 
tirit  enclofed  by  the  roots,  which,  as  the  tree  grew, 
torced  it  by  degrees  up  into  the  trunk.  Noah's  rain- 
bow is  lo  admirably  ])ainted  on  one  ot  tlu'  cielings, 
that  the  great  duke  ol  Tufcanv  olfered  100, ceo  crowns 
tor  it.  Here  is  alio  a  good  library,  and  a  gallery  lull 
of  bufts.  The  chatclian,  or  keeper  ot  this  cattle,  who 
is  generally  tome  invalid,  comes  purpo.ely  Irdiii  Jn- 
fpruck  to  flicw  the  apartments  to  ttrangers  ;  and  when 
he  does  it,  is  always  attended  with  a  Itrong  )',uaid,  ami 
expects  a  iuitable  rewani  lor  liis  trouble. 

At  a  little  dilbiiice  lr(5ni  tlu-  town,  on  the  limth  fide, 
is  the  iaiuous  inonaiiery  ot W'iltheim,  where  the  monks 
pretmd  to  have  the  bodv  of  their  founder  I  layinon,  a 
gigantic  prince,  12  teet  and  a  hall  higli,  wh.o,  they  lav, 
killed  a  monltrous  dragon,  which  threw  down  a^  much 
of  his  monafiery  by  night  as  his  men  built  by  day. 
Th.cre  is  a  pillar  before  its  gates,  with  an  iiilcriptiim, 
importing,  that  the  road  from  Italy  towards  .Xugliiurg- 
lay  acrofs  the  field  where  this  nioii;iltiry  flaiuls ;  and 
that  it  was  ripaireil  for  near  ico  miles  together,  in  the 
tinieot  the  emperor  .Septimius  .Severus. 

i'lrol,  from  whence  this  country  lias  its  denomina- 
tion, is  only  ninarkabk'  Itv,  its  I'ltuation  in  a  plealaiit 
valley,  and  lU  ancient  cadi  . 

'I'lic  margravate  ol  Burgau,  between  the  Danube 
and  l.cch,  with  the  city  ol  the  fame  name,  and  land- 
gravate  ol  N<  Ih  nbeig,  and  the  county  of  Iluhuibcrg, 
all   belong  lo  the  lionle  ot  Aulbi.i. 

Tile  terriiory  ol  llritgaw,  which  eaiix  to  the  houfc 
ol  Aulliia  by  purcliaf;,  in  13')",  contains 

hriburg,  on  the  Treilam,  which  was  lorinerly  very 
(Irong,  and  had  Hood  many  fiegcs;  but  its  fortiheations 
were  demoliflied  by  the  French  in  1745.  I'he  town 
is  large,  populous,  and  wtalthy,  liavinu-  im  uinverlitv, 


a  follege,  ar.d  feveral  eloillers.  '1  lie  l.ii  Idaric  here 
are  lamous  lor  polilhing  the  granites,  jafpers,  ami  otlur 
]irecious  llones,  that  arc  found  in  i.orrain  and  tlu; 
luighbi'uring  countries.  'J  he  tower  of  the  great 
church  is  lo  high,  and  lii  curioully  carved  and  cou- 
llriicted,  that  there  is  nothin;;  ot  tl'.at  kind  in  (leniiany 
to  he  compared  to  i;,  except  that  ol  Strallnir;.']!. 

Hril.ick,  called  Old  Ihif.ick,  to  diliinguilli  it  frcMiv 
tl;c  New,  (which  was  built  and  llrongly  lortilied  bv  the 
French,  on  the  other  tide  the  Rhine,  in  Allace,)  cauu 
to  the  houle  of  Aullria  by  mortgage,  and  was  once  an 
Imperial  city,  it  was  reckoned  \ery  llroiig  iiiuil  1741, 
when  its  fortifications  were  ra>;ed  bv  irder  of  the  ijuceii 
,  ot  Hungary. 

Neuberg,  on  the  Ilhine,  was  formerlv  an  imperial 
town,  but  in  tl'.c  i.jth  century,  fell  uiufjr  the  doii.inion 
ol  the  lioufe  of  .\ultria. 
i  The  abbey  of  St.  Blal'e,  wliofe  abbot,  in  i/.y;,  w,;j 
made  a  jirince  ot  the  empire,  is  alfo  he;ov!ii.uy  p.rch- 
aulie-chaplaiii  of  the  Ik.uI'c  of  Aullria,  in  ihc  iiutrior 
,  Aullrian  countries;  but  lub'cct,  in  fpiritiials,  to  li;e 
bifhop  of   Coiilluue. 

'I  he  lour  torcit  towns  are   lllieinleiilen,  Secklngen, 

I.aufeidnirg,  and  Waldlhut.     'Fh.e  iirlt  is  tl;eca|)ital  cf 

a  county,  and  was  once  a  free  Imperial  city  ;   t)ut  was 

mortgaged,  in  1 41  3,  bv  tlie  emperor  L.-wis  of  Bavaria, 

to  the  dukes  ol  Aullria.     Hard  by  is  the  village  of  Kai- 

lars-AugU,    on  the  Ilhine,  where   anciently  itood  the 

Augulhi  llaiir.ieorum.    The  fecond  is  a  linall  tow  ;i,  and 

lieid  ill  lee  d  its  abbefs.     The  tlrrd  is  tiie  e,;pital  ol  an 

ancient  countv,   well  lortiJied,  and  feated  on  both  lide^ 

i  the   Ilhine.      It   is   held  as  a  fief  of  the  foundation  ( i 

I  Seckingen,  aiul  came  to  ilie  houle  ot   .Aultria  m  i.;-   ', 

I  wiicn  tile  line  of  the  con;. ts  of  Habiinirg- Laulei.bur:, 

became  extinct.    'I'he  fourth  is  a  linall  but  llrung  row  ■, 

beinjc,  as  its  CJerninii  name  import',  a  kev  to  tiu,  !'.!.uk 

,  I'oreii.     It  was  built  and  lortilied  lu  1:49,  by  Albert, 

count  of'Habllnirg,  who  graiueil  it  leveral  [)rivileg;e';. 

'J  he  landoavate  ol  Oiteiiaii  belon;:,s  j  arlly  to  the 
lioul'e  ol  Auiiria,  aiul  partly  t^)  the  immcdi.itc  impuial 
,  knigli(ho(Hi  o!  tlie  circuit  of  the  Ortenuu. 
!  The  billiopric  ol  lirixen  i':45  miles  lin.;,  ^.o  I;rr,ad, 
'  and,  thougli  fituated  ain,ong  the  Alps,  is  trmthil.  'I:.e 
'  wine  here  is  excellent.  'I'he  lulliop  is  a  ]irinee  of  the 
;  empire,  and  the  chapter  conlills  ol  iS  canons,  ol  whicii 
'  nine  an-  noble, 

I  Ikixen,  the  capital,  is  only  a  puft  llagc  from  the 
[  territories  ot  \'eiiice.  It  contains  an  ejiii'-opal  jialace, 
I  a  calile,  two  convents,  a  c  athedral,  two  other  cluircl.ts, 
;  feveral  l'(]uares,  many  Iiaiullome  houlcs,  painted  011  the 
I  outfide,  ^c.      Mount    llrinner,   in   'he  viciuitv',   is  ^nl 

■  tiv.ued  to  the  very  top,  where  there  is  a  poll-hou.e, 
I  tavern  and  chapel. 

'I'he  billiopric  "l  Trent  lies  among  tlie   Aljis  touth 

'  from   '1  irol,    north  and   weft  from  the  dominions  ol 

j  Venice,  and  call  from  ihnre  of  the  (irilons.      it  is  near 

!  f'lo  miles  Irom  call  t()  writ,  and  40,  where  hr<xu',  li,  tinu* 

I  liuitli  to  north.     .Some  make  it  a  part  of  ltal\ ,  but  the 

bilhop  of  Trent,  having   l)een  a  prince  of  the  empire 

.  lincc  I'Vrdinand  II.  the  Germans  reclion  it  in  tliecircli: 

I  of  Aullria.     I'he  river  /\dige  runs  through  it  h  mi  iiortli 

I  to  louth,  receiving  feveral  final!  rivers,  iliat  lile  in  liu: 

mountains  on  eai  i;  lulenf  it.      Its  foil  ]iroducts  a  good 

pale  rid    wine,   oil,   liiiii,  and    pallure;   but  not  nuich 

corn.      The  ancieiK  inhabitants  were   the  Tridentini   ot 

'  I'lim  .     The  eoinnii  1  languages  ot   the  prelcnt  arc  the 

I  (niiiian  and  It.ilian.     I  hough  the  lioule  ot  Aultii.i  were 

the  teinpor.il  Iovit(  i'  ii.i  and  owners  ol  tlu   comity,   yet 

I  ihey  providtil  li.indloiiiely  for  the  hi  mop,  \,lio  h.i-;  ,1  (dii- 

■  liderable  revenue,  not  only  IrcMii  the  city  ot  Tui.t,  but 
I  Riva,  JJolx.ino,  l',o\(  redo,  i'vc.  I  !e  is  fuliVagan  to 
I  the    arclibilhop  ot    Salt/biirg;  Imt,  htfoic  tlie  tnaty 

ol  Munller,  he  was  lulir.'gan  to  the  p;itriareh  of  Aqui- 
j  ieia,  whole  i)iiliop,  Herm.igoras  was  tlie  founder  ol 
i  the  lee,  A.   I),  yj.     When  the  billiop  dici,  tlu-  em- 

peror  fends  a  g/ivernor,  wiio  prefules  lifl  another  ii 
\  cliolcn  by  thcclia|)tci-,  which  is  compnled  of  18  canon-, 
!  v.iio  always  cliul'e  the  bilhop  out  .u  their  body.     '1  his 

diocite 


1.    i, 
\-'  .  Ii 

'■■■■■;. 
ti.ii,,    > 
;!)k;  !■,;; 
■J  ii,'  I  i. 

ol     II. 

rciigi  .^ 
try  1.1.  ■ 
mi!><-,  I 

'111. 
in  leii;  >: 
taiiiou 


IIY. 

I  he  Iniidaric!  here 
es,  jafpcrti,  and  olh,  r 
ill  ■i.on.iiii  iiiid  tlio 
tower  vi  tht;  gn.;;: 
illy  carved  and  lou- 
l;at  kind  in  (k-rnuiiiy 
)t  .Stralhiir;!h. 

II  ihliiiit,".rilh  it  tV(nu 
(Migly  tcirtiiitd  by  t!ic 
iiu-,  ill  All'acc,)  cair.j 
ngc,  and  was  once  an 
•ry  llrcn;^  until  174  i, 
bv  I'.rdcr  ol  tlie  i;ui.eii 

lurnurlv  an  iiiincrial 
II  unilcr  llic  doii.inioii 

al'bot,  in  r;.',7,  was 

alio  liiiwiilaiy  arch- 

.uliria,   in  the  iiucriov 

,  in   Ipiritiiai.i,  to   li.i; 

finlc'idi'ii,  Sfckin'^i"!, 
;c  iirll  is  rl:c  capitai  I'l 
miK-rial  cuy  ;  but  was 
;ror  l..-\\ii  ot  IJavaiia, 
ly  is  the  villa;rc  i>t'  Kai- 
c  ar.cicp.tly  itood  t'u; 
id  is  a  iinall  town,  and 
v.d  is  liic  lapitai  ol  an 
lid  Itatcd  on  both  lidi.-- 

ol  tlic  loundation  1 1 
ic  ol  ;\u!lria  in  l^o  .1, 
Habihuri;- l.uuli  r.bur., 
Iniall  but  llroni;  tow-, 
rt',  a  key  to  tuv.  I'.la^k. 
d  in  i:4'>,  by  Albert, 
I  it  Uveral  [iriviicL;^. 
b(lon-s  ]  arily  t>>  tlio 
iie  iii::iu:diati:  inqAiial 
l^ricnau. 

miles  len.;,  "lo  bvrad, 
Alps  is  trinthil.  M  i.c 
o]i  is  a  ]irinec  of  tlic 
jl  I  !i  canons,  ol  w-h'.eii 

poft  ilarje  iVoin  tl^e 
IS  an  epii'-opai  pal;!>:e, 
d,  two  other  ehurel.i  s, 
loules,  painted  011  !!,e 
in  'he  vicinity,  is  .nl 
ere  is   a  polbl.ou  e, 

inonij  the   Alps,  louih 

oni  the  dominions  ol 

le  (irilons.     h  is  neat 

),  wiiere  broad,  il,  tioii* 

part  ol    Ital^  ,  but  the 

prince  ol    the  empire 

reckon  it  in  the  cireli; 

,,  throui'h  It  ir  im  north 

rivers,  liiat   lite  in  liu: 

ts  Toil  products  a  i;ooil 

idure;  l)Ut  not  much 

^ere    tiie  'I'ridentini   ol 

ol'  the  prel'cnt  arc  the 

lioule  ot  Audi ia  were 

lers  ol  tht   eoi'.nty,   yet 

III, Imp,  xJio  h.i-i  a  eon- 

tlie  city  ot   Tiii.t,  but 

i  le   is   I'uli'raj^an  10 

but,  bii'orc  tlu*  treaty 

thi'  jiatriareli  ot"  Anni- 

,   wp.s  the    lomulcr   ol 

liilhnp  dies,  thi'  cm- 

|.relides   lifl   another  \< 

•omp.ited  ol  iS  cannii', 

I  ,'1   their  body.      1  li^J 

diucilc 


r.URorr,.] 


G  F.  n  M  A  N    F.  ^r  P  I  R  E. 


797 


diocefe  was  iiiucli  ci.hirgcd  by  llic  ciiipero,- V'.om-a<le  1). 
and  eonlirined  by  liis  rucced'ors,  who  made  I'lc  count  c>;  ,  > 
'I'lrol  |irotecU)r  ol  tiie  iiilliop,  and  obli;.;ed  hiiu,  in  e,:!e 
of  an  invalion,  to  aiiiil  him.  iieveral  princes,  both  ol 
(iennany  and  ii-  ly,  jiay  homat'e  to  him  lor  part  ot  the 
titat'.'.s  wliicli  til',  y  hold  ol'tl/b  lee,  p;i  tieuhirly  the  duke 
ot  Maiitu;; ;  and  liic  emperors,  as  comus  ot  Tirol,  pay 
liim  o/,iit- rents,   as  do  many  earls  and  barons.  [, 

I'rc!',;,  the  c.ipt.il,    ricii'es    iis   name    Iroin   three 
niomit.nn,-,  "r  p;  'ks,  winch  lian";  o\er  it,  and  is  lituated  ^ 
on  tile  river  Adi^^je,  at  the  .liltaiice  of  235  miles  fouth-  ;; 
well  Irani  \  ieim  1.     '1  lie  liii.'h  mountains  about  it  ren- 
der the  air  exe.liivc  ei.l  in  winter,  and  extreiiuly  hot 
in  fiinuner,  as  v.cM  as  cxpofe  the  iown  to  Irequent  in-  '' 
nund.-.ii.u-.    'rheeily  i,  Imalhhiii  populous,  Im  rouiKicd  | 
h\    a  V...I;,  del,  .idctl   l>y  acalile,  ami  contains  lever.d  ■ 
]>,dice>,    iliuuiics,    e  invents,  i.e.      Tlie   c.ithedral   is  i 
luaiiii.icen;,  tne  epiic  ip.d   palace   large,  and  adorned  '■ 
v.it;i  liiu   I  ;'.i.;t';!i,\s.      I  he  elnireh  i.t  Sr.  Mary  has  an 
(•.i\.aii  ol  a  pvoili   ioiis  li/.e,  that  imitatis  various  luulieil 
iiiili  ument^,  tiie    liii;^iiij;   of  many  lorrs   ol   birds,  the 
ereuii  leveial  dili'erent  Kinds  of  wild  be  .ills  the  founds 
ol  dunn.-,  truinj:ets,  Cs.c.     The  iai,ioiis  council,  called  ; 
the  Couiied  ot    1  rei'.t,  was  held  here. 

Iviil,  o-  llcva,  i>;i  ihe  lake  l)e  Ciarvla,  is  famous  for 
the  i\e-lli'it  oraM.;;^  and  h'liions  w hicli  grow  in  the 
11,  ;u!:bo.i.iM:iJ,  i\  ;  :;  Celebrated  iina'_;e  of  tlie  'virgin, 
ain:  le.r  a  coi.l.di  ,..'  le  {:  uli. . 

■]  lie  I  illi'ipnc  "1  linir,  or  (ilioire,  ii  governed  by  a  jl 
biih   p.   v.ie,  liile.-.  hi.nlLil  a  prinef  ol   the  empire  ;   and,  ] 
a.- a ',    :h'  ; :, . .  uiKh.  t..  ■  nclihilljop  of  Went/..     Tliou'.;h  ; 
h'/ is  hhciJ.  a  Uoiinii  Ca'.'iolic,  moll:  of  the  inhabitants  j 
111   ti;e.   land..,  fu-5|.  ct  ti)   hi,--  trmporal  jnrifd'.etivin,  aie  | 
ri.ilelhMis.     I  ii  <  I  li.ip'er  CMiili!is  of  24  c,mons,ol  wiioiii  1 
1,'ii.e  ar.:  iii  l)'e.;.     H'l'h  ne  and  they  relide  on  an  enu-  : 
in  r.ce  ir.ar  llie  tov.i  el    (  :  ,ir,  called  riol",  where  is  ,1  • 
ip.ieiou-,   a'-,,!    \vi  .    '  uilv   e '.lo.-.      lie  lias   tiie   ri;j,ht   ol  . 
coil!.!;;-,  a.i  '  ;<  pel  11'  I  .m  leveral  tine  i  Hales  and  lie!s, 
11.  t  ciilv  a.iu.,: .  -'v.-  ^..rh.lll^,     ut  ill  foine  l.irei'.Mi  couti ■  : 
till  •■,  ;i     lir.'l  aiiii  .".  iice.      li',  *i)re  the  lelorm.ition,  he 
li.id  ail.)  livne  juril.l:.  IMil  over  [lie  city   ot    (loin".      His  I 
title  nn.s  tliu-  :  '•  i5y  thej;race  ot  Cio,',  ehxt^d  billiop  | 
ot   (.'liu'-,   or  C'oire,   priiKc  ot    t!ie  holy  bouiau  empire, 
ioi'd  ut  f  iirilerdnir;;-,   I'u.llenan,  i^.;."     I'he  lee  is  very  ! 
anci-'Ut ;  aiul    ,1.,   p,iu,r,   bodi   ten  p.iral   and    fpiritual, 
jj^loie  the  ri  iorin,cii'>;!,  was  verv  ;.;reat.      /\t  ]irefent  its 
(pir,ip,il,  or  Ip^iritual    iuril',lieii,in,   extends   partly  into 
tiie  hcrediiarv  coi;iil.-i  ■»   01   tiie  luuiic  of   Aullria,  ai.d 
p.utlv  int.i  ,^^vitxell,l!ld. 

'liu  'I'eui.mi':  ord.  r  hns  two  biiliv'icks  in  the  circle 
of  .\u.hii,  on   ac  ■oiiiit  ot   wliich  it  is  riekoned  a  Hate  | 
thereol,   n.enelv,  one  in  the  areluliuiiy  ot  Aullria,  and 
;mo;iier  on  the  iiile'i,   ,;  i.l  the  (lelaii^e  in  Tirol.  | 

1  he  little  li  i^^r.iiuy  1  i  I'l.ilp,  belon;;ii\'';  to  the  |irince  \ 
of  Dietriciil'i  in,  lie,^  v\\  the  lior,lei"s  ol  Tni.l,  m  the  ■ 
v.i'lev  oi  r,n;;edei'l.  The  tinpevor  l.eopold  made  a  ' 
pvci  .It  01  it,  t''L,>  liier  v.itli  ti.e  Innreine  jurifdicuiiii,  to  ] 
piii.te  i'e.dii, ..;.,:  ].'!.  pli  of  Die  1  ricnll<-in,  who,  on  that  | 
Uv  ■!:  It,  1.1  if'M  :,  iil.l.'.i.iCil  .1  le.it  .iiiil  voice  in  tlic  col-  ; 
ii.^^  ui   p..,.,,s  at  the  diet  m  the  empire.  .  I 


excellent  cattle  and  horfes  are  bred.  It  aliounds  In  fait, 
copper,  lilvcr,  lead,  iron,  lapis  calai.iinari-,,  marble, 
mineral  v.atcrs,  ^e.  The  land.s  bcloi;;r  to  the  clergy,  as 
lure  are  not  any  nobles;  but  the  pcilants  are,  in  gene- 
ral, trained  to  arms.  'J'lic  lloiniili  is  the  eihihhilu  J 
reli'^jion  ;  and  the  oppreliions  of  the  i'roteltants  liave 
lieeii  fucii,  that  they  have  continually  eini.;ri.'d  iionl 
iieuee  :  in  particular,  in  17^2,  above  -jojooo  ipiitteJ 
tiie  place,  and  dilperled  theniidves  into  divers  jiait.s  of 
f.inepc  and  .America. 

The  arelibiliiop,  who  is  one  of  tl'e  r'eiiell  prel.ites  in 
Ciei'iiiany,  is  prince  r)t  the  einpne.  peipe'tu.ii  le  Mte  ta 
tlie  lee  of  lioine  in  (Jcrmany  ever  fmce  107^,  and  pii- 
111. ite  o''  Ciennany  by  the  treaty  of  Munller  in  164S. 
I  !e  Ins  in  the  diet  on  the  tirlt  bench  next  to  the  elec- 
tors ;  and,  in  the  coilege  of  princes,  lie  and  liie  arciiduke 
of  .-Vuttria  pre  tide  by  turns.  NVheii  tiie  emperor  .uites 
to  him,  he  ^jives  iiini  the  title  ol  Your  Iriendfliip; 
w'lereas  the  ctlier  prel.ites  have  only  t!ie  title  i.ii'  Your 
l)e\oii.)n,  IT  Your  1' ely.  ile  has,  moreover,  th^; 
lirll  voice  in  tlie  diet  of  any  of  the  eci-leiiallical  p'ln.xd, 
after  tiie  ekcfor,s.  His  fpiritual  jnerogativt^  arc  very 
great.  There  lies  no  appeal  from  tins  archbilhop  to 
the  nuncios  at  \ienii.i,  l.ucern,  and  (,'ulogiie,  as  tliere 
does  from  the  other  billio'i'S  ot  the  eirpire.  lie  more- 
over noiiiiiiales  to  the  canoiiieates  vacant  in  the  inoiuhs 
ol  tlic  pope,  in  wliieli  inontlis  the  jiope  has  a  ligiit  of 
nomination,  by  vntue  oi  the  (Jer.n m  coi;e'i;dat.  lie 
may,  as  well  as  liie  archbiliiep  of  Coio:ne.  ilref,  m 
the  habit  c^  a  cardin.d.  He  has  the  il  li  on!  o''  the 
tiHir  biilie.p.ies  ot  Cuirck,  Ciicimlee,  l.avanr,  aii.l  .Set;- 
cau,  or  Seeciu.  Only  tlic  nomination  of  the  biilio- 
prle  of  Gureiv.  is  a  (':iiative,  betwe.  n  this  prelate  and 
tlie  arclulnki-  ot  Aullri.i.  His  fulir.e^ans  are  tlie  bi- 
lliops  of  Ilatiihon,  Freifingen,  PalV.iw,  and  Brl^;en, 
llis  revenue  aiiuunts  to  near  8(i,oool.  Tiie  vciv  i.i't, 
w'.i'eli  is  carried  into  Bavaria  aiul  ^^va.';ia,  bnn  s  !;i;u 
in  -j.ijOoo  er.-'uns  per  aniiu;ii.  1  le  l',;-,  better  tli.ni 
ooooi.  a  year   tor   his  jirivate  purle  ;   and,   lor  oiiiei  1- 


tl!!'. 


at  tl'.ree  folemii  leiv. 


CCS,  lie  IS  jiaio  iie.'.r 


.1.  h..r 


■1  k;    (.i!U  l,"e;  or   BAVAIIIA. 

ilL-i  ciieie  IS   L.e.indcd  liv  i!;e  creies  ri   .Vudria, 
,'-''W.il)).i,   i'l. nv. oni, I,  ,11  .1   tlie   hin-dom  lA'  Holie- 


11  la.  It  r»i.>.v, ,,  It,  II. em  lioai  tlv  i!ii,-iiy  ol  ll.ivaiia, 
v'i,.h  eoiill  tut  s  ll.-  j;:eau.ll  jurt  oi  it,  i^  1  c;  .1  miles 
f-iiu',,  and  11;  111!  wiiere  v.uieii.  I'he  ill.  ts  are 
tnu.eiv  iieid  at  K.i;-!...  ii;  aiul  the  1. '  .  i^r  of  liavariii, 
:iiK!  lull. I  p  lil  ;>,di...'iir.',,  are  jo'i  c  li.iiinn  nini;  princes. 
'J  he  eleiior  i,|  li,.vaii,i  ;s  likcuile  tn  n  .ni.n  y  1  oniinander 
ol  llie  ciu  ul  ir  t,ac,.s.  '1  lie  ii.ll.lha.l  t  .reel  v.llioUS 
religious  pi  rliiali  'OS.  'I  iie  .ilr  i..  wn.'..lou.e,  tiie  coun- 
try iiiount,iiiious  i  an,l  tie;  p.iiuipai  i.\ervavelae  Da- 
iiiilie.  Lech,  Inn,   tier,   Ao.ber,  ami  '-a'.'.i. 

llie   Arehlvllio|)ric  of  .S.m.  r.'.iium.  is  near  too  miles 
ill  length,  iliiil  ()     111  hreadlh.      It  i.>,  in  I'liieial,  iiioun- 
tainous  i  hut   inanv  places  tuutuin  iine  p.idurcs,  where 
No.  7;. 


each  ;  but,  as  he  is  abfolute,  he  is  in,iller  ot  aii  uie  re- 
venues of  li'.e  couiitrv,  and  by  no  means  account. ibic 
tor  what  he  lays  out.  Ijiiidts  he  commonh  holds  the 
deanery  in  commeiid.nn,  which  brings  him  in  ;in  addi- 
tional lum  ot  2C,-.J|.  He  is  able  to  1.1, le  0000  men; 
and,  under  the  archiepileopal  iniiii',  ],■■  l)ears,  in  Ins 
arms,  the  fniird  on  tiie  rigiil,  inxl  the  croi  t  r  on  (he 
left,  denoting  both  the  temporal  .iiui  Ipn  ,tual  pouer. 
His  chapter  is  loinpoled  ol  24  canon.-,  who  n:u!l  he 
all  nobles  by  eiglit  deleents,  and  are  only  chinked  10 
four  montiis  reluleiicc  in  liieyear.  Tiu  v  '11111  ii  ot  no 
princes  to  be  iiiembi  rs,  t'l.it  they  niav  have  a  piea  lor 
leUil.iig  thole  ot  lla'ari.i.  oi  v\liole  power  ihev  are  iea- 
lous  i  though  they  are  obliged  to  them  lor  mil!  •d  liieir 
wealth.  'Hitl'e  canons  have  no  vote,  or  re\ei  ue,  till 
tliey  have  been  ordained  pried.  They  l'.i\'  each  a 
lioule,  and  foaie  ol  them  pal.iccs.  '1  foii-.h  tiiey  do  not: 
ling  in  the  choir  ot  th.e  lathedrai,  tl.L>  iole  a  p',  ii)ni- 
liie  il  they  are  not  intfent:  and  ti  .a:  ,ii  tin  y  i.ive 
eight  months  vacation  in  the  u.ir,  to  g,u  winre  tli'.v 
plc.fe,  yet  they  are  to  lliiciii  lied  di  \vn  to  one  Ne.n's 
conllant  relidt lice  in  thecitii,  thai  il  tl;e\  Iia.'jien  to 
lie  abroad  but  one  niglit,  tluy  null  bee/m  ili.  term  </■ 
«.■-../.  IVith  the  piov,.:!  and  ilean  li:i\e  li'c  c'.  Iier  and 
initrcj  as  have  all.i  the  pro\oit  ,nid  oe.in  ol  I'.illaw  . 
At  his  cmiiing  tothi .  ke,  he  inuli  j)a\  loOjC^-c  cowns 
to  Rome  kv  tiie  p.ill  :  but  the  ouiitry  generallv  raiks 
ittiirliini;  belides  making  him  a  free  gift  ol  the  like 
lum  at  the  fiine  time.     This  prince  has  a  f;re;'t  ninn- 

.  ber  of  oiiitei.s  and  ar.endaiits,  bei'des  a  iuiniei<  ii.-  .md 
fplendid  retinue,      lie  alio  conlirs  tin  oider  i.i  .'■^i.  lie- 

1  perl,  (wlioK' kill  du.i  w..  ar  a  nielal  w  e.h  tl.'l  l.iii,.".-  elii- 
gV,  mill  li.e  red  etol.-,  ot  the  ordi  r  on  ih.  uvelle,) 
uhich  wjs  inllituted  in  170;,  in  ihi  aoii.il.i  .p  Ji  liii 
lirnell,  who  has  therito  ainie\i  d  fix  ei  irii..MK!i.!  i  .>,  or 
prebends,  of  a  conliderablc  nvenu  ■.  IK'  ^.,|^  two  vil- 
1,1s,  (jleillieiin,  and  lieiibron.  or  1  h. lu  niir..))!,  which 
are  both  inae.nilicent  and  bciutilul.  'i  he  latter  ti.e- 
')  i>  ti.dlv, 


A  NFAV  AND  ArTnr.>:T[C  system  n    T'XIVF.llSAI.  GF.OC'.l AiMlV. 


:rii 


II 


I      M 


ci.iilv,  not  iibnvc  ;i  iniU'  t'rdiii  the  city  ol'  SiiUzluirp;,  is 
wortli  viiiiiiig  Oil  ;\v'i'miiu   ol   its   line  waters  ;iiul  c:\i 
i-ndcs,  rii-li  itatufs,  >\c.  aiul  the  varimis  prol'iiccts  ln)ti\ 
ol  thccitv  ami  country,  from  two  tine  luiuincr-lioulcs 
at  tlic  hirtlicr  end  ot  its  i;arilciis. 

S  litzburg,  the  capital  of  the  arclihifliopric,  takes  its 
name  ironi  the  river  Sal/.a,  on  wiiieh  it  is  litiiatcJ.  aiul 
over  wliicii  it  !v.\-i  a  briil:,e.  it  is  well  hirtilicJ,  and  the 
reliilence  of  the  arelihilhop.  The  call'.e  here  is  very 
li.-i-iiu,  and  as  llron;'ly  ;.;;\rriroucd,  an^l  wiU  rrovuled 
with  provilions  and  warliise  Itoirs.  Tl'.e  arehhilhoj)'-. 
]>.ilaee  i>  niairnitieent;  and  in  the  area  before  it  is  a 
lountaiii,  elteeineJ  the  larj^elf  and  grandelt  in  der- 
111, T.v.  ]  lie  titv,  of  which  one  part  Hands  on  a  {teep  ■ 
i>)c;%,  i<  \v.;!  luiilt  i  btit  tiie  lireets  :'.ve  narrow,  ami 
bulivp.ivcd.  Iklides  the  aliovc  Miemioncd,  there  are! 
twtv  otlier  llatclv  p.ilaees  liclongin;.;  to  tiie  aiehbilhop, 
L-.'.c  ut  whi.h  is  eilied  the  N'eiKbau,  and  t!ie  other  Mi- 
rabeila.  'liic  hitter  of  thefe  has  a  very  beaniifnl  jiar- 
deii,  and  nu'lf  eMenlivc  oranj;ery.  1  he  river  Sa'./.a 
runs  clol'e  bv  tiie  w.ills  ci  tiiis  garden.  '1  here  ;-.re  m.iiiy 
other  ti:ic  liruciures  in  the  city,  palihc  and  jirivate, 
fiicli  as  palaces,  nionaiieiies,  liolpitals,  and  churches.  , 
In  the  c.itiiedraU  dedicated  to  St.  lUipert,  the  apolUe  ol 
Bavaria,  all  the  aitars  are  of  niarbie  of  diiferent  kinds. 
The  winter  and  fuinmer  riding  iclioo'is  lure  are  noble 
llruviures.  The  univerlitv  was  fiiuiKlei.1  in  i6:o,  and 
I.  )iniiiiled  to  the  e.irc  ot  t'le  Benedictines.  Btlides  it, 
tjcre  are  two  cullt^es,  in  wliich  young  noblemen  are 
cJ.ucateJ. 

('., litem  is  a  town  remarkable  tor  its  gold,  filver,  and 
lead  mines,  and  Kir  a  v..irm  bath. 

llallem   il.iiid-   in   a  valley  crolied   by  thn'i:   rivers, 

formed   by  t.-rrei.ls  from  the   mountains,  \\!:ich  brmg  , 

down  a  vail  dt.il  ot    lloating  wood  that   is  Hopped  here 

bv  tlie  piles,   which   citlicr  erols  or  lluit   up   the  rivers. 

Tliio  wood  tliev  lay  up  in  llore  for  tiie  f.\lt  works.      Its  / 

lalt  is  carried  in  'jreat  niiantities  tl.rou 'h  B.iv.iria,  and  ' 

.  .    .  -      t 

It  corner  ol   I'irol  into  .Switzerland,  where  it  i)  p.ud  tor  \ 

in  1  reiich    meiiev,  wliicii    is   one    reafoii  that  there   is 

tearce  any  coin  current  in  liavana  but  that  of  I'Vatice.  ! 

There  is  a  great  hi,'!i   nunini.iin  on   the  well    lide  ol 

tlie  town,  the  earth  of  whicii  being  tnixed  with  a  fort 

of  .illu.il,  or  flit  petre,  they  throw  i;  into  laree  trenches,  ; 

which  they  liil  with    Irelh  water,  and   let  it  ll.uul  tliree  | 

or  tour  v.cLi.',  t:!l  the  earthx  jv.rt  is  lunk  to  the   bot-  i 

to,n:  then  they  let  i;  out,  and  boil   t!ie   fi'iiie  jiart  in  [ 

iron  pans  three  Icet  deep,  ar.J    i     or  i  2  in  d'euneter;  ; 

and  vliei;  the  water  is  evaporated  from  the  t'llt,  which  ' 

it  kav^n  at  the   b.'ttoni,  tiiey  t.ike   it   up,  and  put  it  to  j 

drv  an.l  harden  in  deal  calks,  without  head  or  bottom.  ' 

'J  liis  iiuHintain  is  pierced  in  athonland  pkices,  like  that 

of  i'v't..;!  ill  i'eru :  therclore,  tiioie  who  go  out  of  cn- 

ri  ■'■.y  to  !ce  the  works  in  it,  have   need  of  very  good 

guiuc,  kir  Iciir  ol'  being  lo!!  in  the  inllnite  variety  of 

tt.ii:t<,  or  eruihed  by  tliJ  tall  of  the  earth. 

'1  iitic  is  no  lei  ni;^'  thele  wurks  without  much  cere-  - 

inony.     lieloie   they  enter,  they  generally  repair  to  a 

chucli  on  the  top  to   pj.Iorm  their  devoaons.      This 

clone,  thev  uuic  a  iitarty  breaknill  at  a  public  houl'.- 

f.ear  the  chureli ;  and  luing  ;:ccoin'.nodate-d  with  lome  ; 

boti'eso!  I!', 1. 1   :  .ii-,  ilicy  ,:i  .,'eeouircd  with  a  furtout  ; 

ol  coarle  hi,', '1  ci^e.h,  witl'  leathers  over  their  right  arm 

ynd  back,  tlis  better  to  enable  them  to  make  their  way 

through  the  tiinber-wor,.>.      Tliev  ;uit  great  boimets  on 

their  head>,  lu  that  but  little  ol'  the  face  is  feen,  to  keep 

«nit  the  Cold      J'jeing  ilur;  fitted  out,  every  man  enters  , 

with  a  li'^hti  d  candle  or  torch  in  jiis  left  hanil.    A  great 

number  of  guides  and  others  go  before  and  behind  the 

ipeelators,  lell  they  thould  be  trigiitened  in  the  dihnal 

taverns.      '1  he  eaiidh  s   lomctime^  yn  out,  by   realiin 

of  the  prod'gious  ra])luity  with  whicii  they  defceml  from 

one  beam  to  anothu  ;  but  il  nonelh.mki  happen  to  be 

lelt  burning  to  ii-^^ht  tiic  red,  the  guides  cpiiekly  llrike 

tire,  and  re-kindle  them.     AitiT  having  viliied  all   the  ' 

lubtcrraneaii   cuiioiities,    wliieli   takes   up   live  or   li.\  ' 

liour-,  they  give  nioiuv  to  the  guides,  and  then  go  to 

li.c  tow;:  to  resale.     Be.ito  arc  continually  jjoiii^;  up  and  I 


down  the  rivrr,  with  the  fdt  made  here,  for  Faltzbtirr;; 
Iri  111  whence  it  is  c;irricd  ilfewliere.  (Jn  the  eppiiiite 
liile  ol  the  liver  tlifre  arc  forges,  where  tlu'y  melt  the 
eoj-per  that  is  dug  out  of  the  mines  ot  this  archbi- 
lllopric. 

■J'he  F.leeloratc  of  IVwakia  is  about  ic^o  miles  in 
length,  ami  6o  in  br:'adth.  Thole  p.irts  near  the  Alps 
are  muunt;'iiiious,  cokl  and  barren  ;  but  proiiuce  wood, 
game,  wild  low  1,  cattle,  filt,  miiteral  waters,  filvei, 
liael,  iron,  copper,  ike.  The  parts  that  are  lifuated 
towards  the  Danube  are  inueh  more  level  and  lerille, 
yiekiin;';  grain,  fruits,  paltiira  .-.e,  i"ve.  '1  hf  many 
rivi'r>  which  wati  r  this  country,  and  the  various  l.ik"; 
which  it  contains,  abundanilv  fiipi.lv  ihe  inli  ihirants 
witli  !ilii.  A  cominiltee  of  the  flares,  eonliriiie.;  of  pre- 
l.iii  s,  nobles  :ind  I'.nights,  aiieinblf  at  Munic!:,  when- 
ever eirergencies  rciiuire.  'I'lie  only  religion  toler.ited 
is  tiie  Roman  C-athohc.  The  convents  are  numereiu^-, 
aiiel  tl;e  clergy  ricli  ;  but  the  ]Hafants  are  niilerabiy 
[■•oor.  The  niaiiul.ieluris  an  lilk  aiul  woollen  ihil;-, 
clocks  ;md  watches,  coari'e  cloth,  velvet,  t.ijKliry  and 
Itockings. 

The  title  of  tlie  clce'tor  is.  "  \]\  tl;c  grace  of  Co !, 
iliike  ot  Upper  and  Lower  Ikivaiia,  as  alio  of  the  Upper 
I'.il  itinate  i  ]ilalzgrave  of  the  Rhine,  arch-licward  of 
the  IKdy  Roman  empire,  and  laiulgravc  of  l.iuch- 
tenbeig."  He  has  live  h.ereditirv  olhcers,  a  mailer  of 
t!ie  houlhcikl,  a  lleward,  marlhal,  cup-bearer,  anel 
luM'.thr.an.  Ill  i  7  ;9  the  order  of  St.  George  was  re- 
viveil  hv  the  elector  Albert,  the  enlign  of  which  is  a 
en. Is  enamelled  blue,  and  vvoin  pendant  to  a  broad  (ky- 
blue  ribbon,  with  a  black  ami  white  bonier.  '1  he 
elector  h.as  the  tilth  feat  in  the  electoral  college,  and 
I'everal  votes  at  the  diets  both  of  the  empire  and  circle, 
in  the  colleges  of  the  princes  ami  counts.  His  ordi- 
nary reveitnes,  arifing  chit  ily  from  the  inonojxilv  ot 
eeirn,  lilt,  beer,  and  tebacco,  tolls,  mines  and  contribu- 
tions, amount  to  between  '-  and  70",oool.  peralmim. 
With  refjiecl  to  his  luihtarv  efl.ibhilimeiit,  he  111:1111- 
taiiis,  in  time  of  ]i  MCe,  about  1  :,o  ;  regulars,  exelu- 
live  t.f  ic,c-o  militia.  His  court,  lor  magnilicencc 
niiel  fjiicndor,  is  cxcee.led  by  none  in  dermaiiy.  Dur- 
ing an  inter-regnum  I'.e  i>  vicar  of  the  emp  re,  alter- 
nately with  the  elect  ir  Palatine,  in  all  places  beloiv.-ing 
to  tiie  vicar'ate  of  tl'.e  count  Palati.ie  of  tlie  liliiiie. 
IVavari.i.  is  iliv  uleil  into  Upper  and  Lower,  'ihe  prin- 
cipal pl.ices  in  the  former  are  as  lo'low  : 

.Alunich,  tlie  capital  e(  all  Bavaria,  aiul  the  reiid'.'lice 
of  the  (lecloi,  luuati'd  (Ml  the  Iter,  at  the  dillance  of 
214  miles  well  of  \'ienna,  is  one  el  the  moll  po- 
jHiloas  ami  agreeable  cities  in  C"<ermany.  It  was  ori- 
ginallv  erecleil  on  a  Ipot  ol  ground  belonging  to  a  con- 
vent, and  liad  from  tluaice  the  name  ot  Munchcn, 
which  lign'hes  .Monk's  Town,  and  which  line'  has  been 
corrnpteel  into  the  word  .Munich.  The  elector's  palaci; 
is  a  nioll  magnilieent  llructure.  It  was  built  by  Mavi- 
inili;'.n  ti'.e  elcvior,  at  a  moll  enormous  exptiice.  'J'ln 
infide  i^,  far  more  beautiful  than  the  outtule  -,  the  ar- 
chitc  eture  i^'  which  is  not  very  regular,  becaufe  it  was 
1  iiilt  at  ditl'erent  periods  It  c<Mitains  11  courts,  jj 
great  hall.;,  19  g.dleries  2600  laree  crols  wliuiows, 
0  chaj.eis,  16  great  kitihens,  i:  l.w  ■  cellars,  40  vali 
apartments,  all  on  a  lloor,  in  wliich  ;ue  -oo  great  room-, 
richly  painted,  turiiilhed,  t'^ce.  and  there  is  hardly  .1 
cornice,  niche,  or  grate,  but  has  a  bull  or  relievo i  •.  • 
marble;  wliieli  are  alio  tlie  ornaments  ot  alinott  every 
chimney  piece,  'the  particiil  irs  inofl  remarkable  are 
the  long  gallery,  adorned  wilh  pielures  ol  1  eo  illin 
ti'oM-;  ]  erfons,  bv  the  greaiell  matier-;  and  another 
gallery,  the  {■ieling  of  which  reprefen;,.  the  principil 
I  towns,  liver-',  and  catlle-;  of  Bavaria.  In  the  former 
!  arc  till  t  li:;'ies  anil  names  of  _;6  princes,  the  preilecel- 
j  f>rs  of  the  two  lalt  electors.  The  Anlieiu.nium,  or 
:  Statiiarium,  containinr^  a  vail  number  ol  old  ami  iie.y 
pieces,  ill  iiiarbh-,  (lone,  wood,  kc.  The  grc  it  hall, 
called  the'  emperor's,  n  bc.iutilul  apartiiienl,  iiMle.l 
long,  ami  5:  brond,  whieh  (Jnllavus  Adolphus  liiid  he 
Wii  foirv  he  ce'uld  net  I'ct  trunfporied  to  Stotkhohn. 

>  tv  *  'II. 

ihe 


I  B  V  I 


IV. 

.re,  i'nr  '^iiltx.burr;-, 
.  On  the  cpiMiitc 
licre  tluy  iiiL-Jt  tin- 
lies  ul  tliis  arclibi- 

nbiuit  I  --?  mile-;  in 
p.ii'i*  iie;ir  the  A^ps 

but  piDiliice  wiH.J, 

ral  \v;itei-.-.,  U\\c:, 
;  tliat  aiv"  fituared 
('  \v\\  I  ami  lertile, 
.^':.  I  he  niaiiy 
.!    th'.'  \ariini.-;  l.iL"; 

Iv  ihe  iiih.ihirants 
.'S  cuiiliHiii;.;  (i|  pre- 

at  Muiul!;,  \v!;en- 
ily  re!ii.,iiin  tnli-rated 

iits  are  miinermi':, 
I'ants   are    miHralily 

ami  woiillen  llul;-, 
velvet,  tapellry  aiul 

t!ic  ;;racc  of  Goil, 

a^  alli)  of  the  L'pper 

lie,  are!i-l!c\vartl  el 

ui(lL;ravc   of    l.eiich- 

olheers,  a   mailer  of 

il,    eiip- bearer,    and 

St.  tieor^c   was   rc- 

iilii;!!  of  which   is   a 

ulaiit  to  a  broad  Iky- 

white   border.     'I'lic 

kch'Tal   collet;e,  and 

he  empire  and  circle, 

ul  coniu.s.      Ills  ordi- 

11    th.e  mono|xilv  ol 

,  mines  and  eontvibn- 

jOnol.   yvr  aim  .mi. 

iiblilhmeiit,    he   ir,;'.in- 

!,o;o  regulars,  e.xclu- 

iirt,   fi)r   nia^nifiL-eiics 

J  ill  (jcrniaiiy.     Dnr- 

of  the  emivrc,  alter- 

II  all  p!ace^  beloii'ii:':;- 

ilati.ic   (if  th.e   Uiiiiie. 

,1    l.owiT.      1  lie  priii- 

o'low  -. 

iria,  and  the  reiidence 

lltr,  at  the  dillanee  oi 

;iiie   1  I    tlie    moll    po- 

'.erniaiiv.     It  was  oii- 

id  beloii^iiv.;  to  a  coii- 

•   name  ot   Miinehen, 

i  which  I'liic''  has  been 

The  I  lector's  palace 

It  \\,i>  built  by  Mavi- 

nnons  e.vpcnce.     'I'hi 

the  ontlulc  ;  the  ar- 

rj^ular,  becanle  it  .vss 

rontains  i  I  courts  2:> 

larce   crols   \\iiKlow  , 

,  far;''  cellars,   4-.i  vaii 

h  are  ;oo  great  room-, 

md   thcie   is   hardly   .i 

i  a  bull    or  relievos  o" 

iiieiit-^  ol  ahiioU  every 

iiiotl  remarkable   ar." 

pictures  ot   no   ilhi! 

iiiath  r  ■  i   aiiil    another 

■prefeu;.   the  princip.il 

varia.     In  tlie  lormcr 

princes,  the  preilecLl- 

Tlie   Antitinarinin,  or 

mber  of  old  and  nc.v 

kc.     'I'lic  pjrc  .t  hall, 

il   apartment,  1 1  i!  U.i 

aviis  AdolphiK  faid  he 

fpnrted  to  Jitockliolm. 

Ihe 


EUROPE.] 

The  Ikiircafe  lendinn;  to  it  i?,  from  the  bottom  to  the 
top,  marble   and  f;old.     'I'liis   noble  room  is  adorncrd 
with  cnrious  jiictiires  ot    l.icred  hillory  on   one   lidc, 
and  profane  on  tlic  other,  with  a  Latin  diltich  un.ler 
each.     Jieyond  this  there  is  a  line  hall,  where  the  elec- 
tors  !^lve  audience  to  the  loreii^n  miniliers.     Here  are 
cij^ht   j',reat  compartments,  iliewin;.;  t'le  dnlerent  man- 
ner  in   which  ioreiu;n  princes   <;lve  auuience  to  amb.d- 
i.\>.\t)\  .,  bi-lidcs  oilier  p'cUires,  accompanied  wiili  hiero- 
glvpliics,  i^c.      I'ht  hall,  li'.kd  with  antiiputles  brouidit 
irom  Home,  exceeds  all  llie  red;  here  bciiii;  J54.  fuills 
ot  jatper,    jiorphyrv,   hv:\\<,   and    nuirble,    rei>rel'enting 
(.ireci.iii  ca|ilains,  Roman  emperors,  generals,  &;c.  be-  ; 
lides   iiumliers   ot    idols,    .md   velilU   ot   the  I'agaiis  ; 
vain  bic   lur  woikai.inlhip,  a.-i  well  as  antii|uity.     'I'lie 
libi.iry,   wherein,  beluks   a  v.iil  colK-'clion   ot   jiriiited  ' 
books,  III   moil  languages,   ancient  ami   inodein,  there  . 
•.ire   a   great   m.iny  v.iliiabie   M.-i.S.   p.irticularly  a  I.itin 
treatile    i;i   folio,  in  an  old  fi]uare  character,  laid  to  be 
written  b\  pope  CUement  I.   to  St.   J.imes  tile   Apoltle  ; 
and  the    .New    d'eitameiit,    in   the    Indian,    Armini.m, 
and   Wendllli    tongues.      A   chamber  ot   rarit'cs,  con- 
taining, beliilcs  the  figures  of    I'arnallus  and    the  nine  i 
Mules,  Willi  laiidleapes,  ivc.  in  coral,  and  the  I'agan  , 
Ucilies,  a  neat  perlpective  globe,  in  thecircumlerence  ot 
which  there  is  the  whole  hiitory  ol  Our  .Savii.iir's  pailion,  ' 
which  being  inverted,  liiew..  tlie  elevation  oi  the  ferpent 
in  the  wiUleriiels  on  one  hde,  aiiil  Our  .Saviour's  cruci- 
iixion  oil  the  other,     fk'rc  are  liowers  .md  plants  call  in 
^old,  feveral  d.ivvcrs  full  ot  ancient  and  motiern  coins 
and  medals,  an.l  a  rt.in.nk.ihle  picuirc  ot  C'hnilopher 
Frefcliaiiimer,   a   iivil  noioriou,  aiV..lii!i.      A  little  cha-  , 
pel  belonging  to  tlie  (.  I.\'tri  Is's  apartmeat,  where  Ic.irce  j 
any  thing  is  ti.  be  leeii  but  gold  and  lilver,  pearls  and 
r.eiiis.      ihe  vci  \    (Kgai;-.  are  ot   lilver  in  relievo;  and 
the  I'.ibinets  ot   reck  chivltal,  worked  in  ligurcs.     'I'lie  , 
Imiiilure,   in   lluirt,  of  ilie  wliok-    p.ilace,   is    rich   be- 
yond   iin.igin.itioii.       In   tile  trcalury  there   are   whole 
iervices   ot   gold,    an^l   nianv  other  collly    vefi'els,    vatl 
number  oi   pea;  Is,  ilia.nonils,   rubies,   and   other  pre- 
cious  lloiies;    r.ne    pictures,    curious   wcnks,    medals, 
&.C.  ami,  am  mvj;  :iie  reil,  a  cherrv-lione  vviih  ;  .p  heads 
ilillinctly   engraved   upon   it  ;   .iiul  a  boat,  ol  pa  in  tree 
vood,  petrilud.      1  here   Is   a   \,.ll   qiiaiiliiy  ot  marble 
ill  this  palace,   which  is  artificial,   but  lo  uell  'larileiied 
and  polilhed,  that  it  leo.;s   like   natur.d  :  and  there  is 
a  profpcu,  through  little  galleries,  to  all  the  churches 
and  convents  in  the  eitv.     In  the  beginning  of  the  year 
lyjo  till';  new  ap.irtmeiit   w.is   bii.iit   down  by  a  lire 
which   bloke   out  in  the  night  time,  lo  that  fcarce  any 
of  the  line   Imiiiiuie   was  laved  ;   and  tlie  elc'dor   and 
tkLtii  U   were  in   im;uiueiit  danger  ot   being  burnt   in 
their  bvil.      'I'fe  iieireil  church  to  this   palace  is  that 
ol  the  '1  lieatiii;;,  which,  together  with  tiu  ir  inoiiaitery, 
vas    built    by   the   wile  (>f  Eerdiiiaiul-Marv,    ehctijr. 
The  friars,  wlio  are    ;-,  mull  be  all  men  of  qu.ility. 
They  dare  not  aik  alms,  ti:  Mi;.,h  tliev  may  nceive  them  ; 
and  whi  n  iliey  have  lulkui'd  extreme  want,  at  any  time, 
I'orihoc  di\s  to^  aher,  they  -.mx'  aliovved  to  ring  a  bell, 
as  a  tul.eil  ijl    their  ihllrel-::   but  iIk,'  eleclors  ti  'dom  lei 
them  w.ir.t.      Uoimd   o:\^:  hall  of  the   garden  there  .s  a 
j^raiid   pia;'.,j,  adorned  with  pictures,  repreleiiting  the 
feveral  Inlluncs  ot  the  iniiues  ol  the  B.ivarian  l.enily, 
At  the  end  ol   tin ;  piazza  there  is  a  very  line  buildmg, 
the  lower  \u\\  ot   which  is  an  orangerv,  and  the  upper 
part   a   fummer  lumle,   where  in   that  fealon,  the  elec 
tor   lias   a  dianm;';  100m.     Ncr  this  there  is  a  kind  ol 
nienageiie,  in   which   lions,  ;in,l   other  wiki  beults,  arc 
kept.     'I'lie   pia;'/..i   !•  i.ls   lo   one  ol'  tht'   Imell  riding- 
lioufes  that  is  to  be  fe<  n.      It   is   ,(>')  feet  long,  aiul  76 
htoad  ;   has   iio  great   windows;   an.l  .ill   round  within 
there  runs  a  line  corridor,  or  v;all;  ry,  lor  the  lpt:lators, 
vIkii  tlu-re  are  caroufals,  or  touriKiineiUs.     liireisa 
j^rand  box  tor  the  cKctiu-,  richlv  carved,  large  enough 
10  emiiaiii  all  the  electoral  laimly.     Here  is  alfo  a  mag 
nilici  lit  opera-room,  wiiii  a  li.ige  tuitable   to   it,  and 
I'uperl)  decorations   to  eacli.       I 'poll    fellival   days,  or 
utlicrs,  when  there  is  an  opera  licre,  it  U  rcnuuked,  as 


G  E  R  M  A  N     E  M  P  F  II  E. 


799 


a  very  unaccountable  cuflom,  tliat  iuil  as  tliey  begin  to 
play  the  overture,  a  lultre  of  cxtranr.linary  grandeur 
and  llrutture  comes  down  unexpectedly  ihrough  the 
eieling,  from  the  top  ot  the  ilage  ;  and  --"s  loon  as  the 
firit  act  is  over  it  is  drawn  up  again. 

'Ihe  inanulaclures  ol  Muiiicli  are  thofe  of  1:1k,  velvet, 
woollen  cloths,  and  tapellry;  aiul  it  has  tw.i  aimual 
fairs,  at  which  great  iinantiiies  ol  fi;t,  wine,  tS;c.  are 
fold,  '1  he  llrect>  are  boiad  and  regular,  and  moil  of 
the  lumlcs  well  built,  and  p..imed  on  the  out-lidc. 
The  markct-piace  is  extremely  beautitul.  'i'he  fervaiil 
maiils  at  the  grea^  inns  liere,  on  holldav  s,  wear  a  lilver 
chain  round  tlieir  necks,  conlilling  of  three  rows.  I'lieir 
brealls  are  likewlfe  laced  with  tuo  other  eiiains  ot  the 
fame  metal.  It  was  formerly  a  general  cult;  -n  to  place 
a  green  garland,  on  a  bundle  of  thaw,  txli  re  e\ery 
houfe  containing  the  corplc  ot  an  niimairied  peifon. 
The  common  laiutation  here,  and  in  the  other  Ciatholic 
countries  ot  Gerunuiy,  is,  "  Prailed  be  JeUi  Cihrill;" 
I  and  the  anfvver  rcturi.cil,  "  For  ever.  Amen."  Two 
popes  having  granted  an  indulgerce  i  f  100  davs  each 
time  to  all  that  ufe  it.  Not  tar  Irom  Munich  are  tour 
I  other  palaces,  with  line  gardens,  belonging  to  thecicc- 
I  tor,  vii:.  thole  ot  Meillitim,  Nymphei.burg,  Uachau, 
and  Stahrenberg.  The  lirll  ami  l.ilt  are  abmit  three 
le.igues  from  tiie  capital;  the  lecond  about  half  a  lea- 
gue ;  and  tlie  third  ab(.ut  two,  at  a  market-town  ol  the 
lame  name. 

Ingokllladt,  a  fortified  town  on  the  Danube,  45  miles 
north  ot  iMunich,  contains  levi.r.il  convims  and 
churches,  a  codege,  an  excelient  arfenai,  and  an  uni- 
verfnv,  whieli  liu.iits  ol  having  produced  the  learned  H'.l- 
larmine.  i  his  mnverlity  is  aecomod.itcd  wi.h  an  ad- 
mirable library,  and  a  cabint  t  ol  eiiriofities.  '1  he  e:iltle 
where  the  governor  rtliJes  is  txeeedlng  Itriing.  Over 
thcDanube  there  is  an  CM'g;mt  biijge.  In  llu  i;reat  cliuicll 
there  is  an  image  ot'tlie  lioly  \'irgin  ol  great  value. 

Rain  is  a  wcll-kirtilied  town,  wlicic  tlie  c  kbratid 
count  1  iilv  received  his  11101  tal  wound. 

lleichciihail,  on  the  'i'ala,  is  iainous  lor  an  excellent 
fah-fpring,  fome  of  the  waters  of  which  are  conveyed 
above  li  miles  over  mountains  to  Traunllein,  and 
f.)me  are  boiled  on  the  ipot.  A  furprifmg  aqueilucf, 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  in  length,  and  12  tatiioms  be- 
neath the  furt.ice  ot  the  earth,  p;;;les  under  the  town. 
Boats  mav  p;ifs  tiirou'jh  it  in  ulnuit  a  e,uarter  of  an  liour: 
but  the  whole  was  confirucred  in  (u-dcr  to  carry  elf  the 
l.iperlluous  waters  ol  the  fait-lpiing. 

Donavvcrt  has  its  name  from  tiie  Danube,  on  the  north 
hde  of  which  it  Hands,  near  the  contiux  of  the  Wer- 
iiitz,  within  1:^  I'.nglilh  miles  north  ealt  ot  Hochtlet. 
Though  the  town  is  linall  and  ill  built,  yet,  being  near 
the  road  from  Augihurg,  it  is  pretty  much  ti.  iiuemeJ 
by  travellers.  All  that  go  up  and  down  the  Danube 
arc  obliged  to  land  here,  and  p;iy  a  fmali  toil,  which 
biiiigs  the  town  a  great  ileal  ot  momy  ;  as  does  alfo  the 
))jll.ii;e  ot  their  briilge  over  that  river,  (where  it  receives 
the  W'ernit;',;  becaufe  ol  the  many  gieat  towl.^  in  its 
neighbourhood,  it  is  a  llrong  place,  wliicli,  revolting 
from  the  duke  of  Ikivaria  in  14:0,  was  made  imperial 
by  the  emperor  Sigilinuml,  ,ind  lo  continued  till  1037  ; 
when  it  was  put  ur.iler  the  ban  by  the  emperor  llo- 
dolph  II.  tor  embraiiiig  tlu'  I'rotellant  religion,  and 
afterwards  obliged  to  lubinit  to  the  diikc  v\  Ikivaria, 
who  invelted  it  wi'.li  a  numerous  army,  took  it  by  ca- 
pitulation, but,  contrary  to  the  terms  of  it,  difarined 
the  citizens,  and  put  tlie  Jefuits  in  poif.'llion  o\  the 
chief  Proteltant  clmrcli.  The  Swedes  took  it  twic;'  i:i 
the  civil  w.irs  ol  (iermany;  and  by  th.e  Mimlter  treaty 
it  was  rciiiilatcvl  in  its  ))rivileges,  to  t!ie;;ie;it  i  >y  oi 
the  i'rotellant  princes  and  dates;  tliC'Ugli  it  was  rellored 
to  Uav.iria,  by  the  treaty  of  Munller,  in  164-!.  It 
recovered  its  liberty  by  the  prolcripiion  ot  ii..  (lector 
Maximilian,  when  he  took  part  with  iMance  ;  but  it 
was  rellored  to  him  again  by  tin;  treaty  ol  U.'ll.idt. 
I  he  river  Wernitz,  which  talis  into  the  Danube  lu're, 
after  receiving  the  I'-ger,  illes  iKar  a  town  ot  the  fame 
name  in  I'Vaiiconia. 

S.:li-.-!lcmbcrii 


lii 


'".'»  L        I 


Soo 


J'V-\ 


"4 


'I  if; 


AN!v\\',  ASD  Auriir.NTic  sYSTr.M  of  rNivEusAi.  r.r.or.RAruY. 

l<:'ivnvi;i  poill-l'i's  the  I'.nnc  [)rivilcj:;ts  lor  cnc!i  of  tlie  tlirc? 
I'rou-daiit  U-iuiiionc.v.  a  .^  ulzl)iir;;li,  [-"jrhauin,  umi 
ISnili'iU'rk,  aikl  die  Roiiuiii  (l.uholic  ll'igiiiory  vi  1  loi  u 


StlicllciiihcTg  is  (nnious  for  tin.-  defeat  of  tlic  I'lLiich 
nni.1  li.i\.iriaiis  in  1704,  wlicii  tlic  tuiikdcratcj,  cluLlly 
the  r.iK^lilli  aiiil  JScots  fdklicrs,  torccil  tlic  treiicUcs  ami 
IK-Kt  day  made  thcmlcUxs  iiialicis  of  Doiiawut. 
'flicrc  is  a  vcrv  a,:;rci'ablc  iirol'iiccl  tri>!!i  htT-c,  of  the 
townj;  of  DoiiawcTt,  lli)ch:Ut,  Ne\vbiiri;h,  and  ln;,nil.. 
llai'.t,  tiitrcthir  with  leviral  ha:nlcts  ani^  viiLu;e<,  and 
;i  fine  (Hunitrv  on  both  liilcs  ol  tiu:  Oaiiulic. 

Lov.tr  i^avaria  contains  l^audlluit,  a  town  I'tna'tii 
T^  miles  north-eait  of  Municli,  on  tlic  river  ller.  It 
iswcll  tortilied,  and  luivi  the  name,  wifith  lig?iities  ti;e 
Ihdwark  ol  the  ('oniitry,  Irom  i;iiio  ot  iiavaria  ;  who, 
vlien  Katiriion  tiire\\-  oil'  i'.s  \nkv,  and  was  made  a 
free  Impeiia!  citv,  built  a  ]ui.:ee  l'..:re,  uhicli  his  km 
fiil.irgcd,  and,  ahiuit  i  ^04,  added  a  caltic  to  it.  It 
iiand'^  in  the  neliell  ami  plealantell  part  of  all  Iiavaria, 
•and  is.  the  feat  ol  the  elector's  dept!ty,  or  lienienaiit  ol 
L.ov.er  ]5,;>ai;a.  wIm  luis  a  eourt  here,  and  feve;al  olli- 
ceis  lor  tlie  i;o\einm'  nt  ot  the  country,  which  conlills 
cfo  bailiuiek.-.,  ;.<.'.  market-towns,  14  inonalterics,  and 
74  noblemen's  ieats,  with  tlieir  deiiendencies.  1  iie 
town  is,  in  general,  well  bm!t,  bein;;  lormerly  much  fre- 
quented by  the  iiobdity,  who  attendeil  the  court,  as  it 
is  now  bv  the  elector's  ollicers.  Its  principal  church, 
St.  ^kl^ti'n'^,  lias  a  tower  which  is  reckoned  the  l'.i;,duli; 
in  the  e:npire,  ha\ing  a  profpect  ot  almolt  all  li.iva 
ria;  ai;d  thvreiore  it  15  caiicd  L.andlhut,  i.e.  the  Hat 
of  the  C't  uiitrv .  'I'lie  new  buildings  m  the  duke's  pa- 
lace are  d  neat  arcluiixture  in  the  llal.an  talle.  fk;c 
Ua  brid;_-e  over  the  ller,  and  afuburb  on  the  other  lule, 
called  >ak!ental. 

.^tautainhol  is  exactly  oppofite  to  Ratil'.ion,  on  the 
otlier  f:de  ot  the  Danube,  both  places  having  a  coiii- 
inunicaiMU  by  means  ol  a  bridge. 

Ai'ach,  a'm,n-ket  tov>n  0:1  ii;c  n.itmbe,  is  cele- 
brated fur  an  e.-.' .  c'.a  mmeral  Ipim;;,  the  talle  ol 
wl.icli  IS  vcrv  i;:;agrce.ible,  but  ib.e  vntuea  very 
gu.n. 

1  i:e  I'r-'  IR  1'.-iLa  '.  in  \Tr  is  fo  called  to  iri!lin;.;u:ili 
it  lioin  tiie  l.e.w.r.  belonging  to  the  elector  i'aki- 
tine,  to  who;n  this  ,.llo  belonged  until  about  the  )ear 
l6:c,  wliui  tl'.e  elector,  aibmiiirg  the  title  ot  king  of 
Bol'.fi.ia,  in  cppofr.ien  ro  the  imperor,  11  was  tranf- 
icrredi  to  tlie  duke  of  li.ivar.a,  Ma.xiinilian  I.  \\\V<\  the 
title  ut  'Jejter  ;  bctii  vmucIi  vere  conhi-uu-d  to  his  ia- 
niiiv  bv  the  treaty  ol  Mnnller ;  but  011  conJ.iiion,  tlu.t 
in  c.k  of  the  laiiur,  dieixol,  they  Ihoubl  revert  to  ilie 
J'al..:hR  br.'.!.'J.i.  Mnce  this  country  came  to  the  houle 
ot  ii-.va-.ia  ;h.-  di^ts  have  been  dilcontinued.  'i'ids  Pa- 
latinate i~  liounded  by  a  part  of  franconia  and  Swabia 
on  the  v.'-h,  Sa.vony  on  ti.e  lunth,  aiul  part  ol  IJohemia 
r.i-.d  tlic  l\/;;ibe  on  the  foiilh,  excepting  a  fmali  part 
ot  it,  \:1,....  l,:,s  on  th.e  other  li.lc  ol  th.it  river,  being 
ub.'U'  '  •'  ■  '<  -^  '■"  '■  ;"tli,  .'.lid  4  in  bseadih,  but  in- 
terki'-tl  bv  till-  te-iitorv  ol  .Su'/.bacii,  ami  tlic  dilirict 
cl  N'i.kek,   bel.'i  :..ili''   to   fkimiierir.      ■fhinigh  it  1.1  I'.ot 


iiiilnii!!ul  in  *',ra'.n,  r.s  cm  1 
i!  ff'-er,  Copper,  and  injii, 
aie  •.!,'.:  ioilov. ;:  .^  : 

Ambi  rg,  the  cajfual,   liai. 
m:!ci   iiorlii    ot    Katiibon,  is 


r.i  iies  arlfe  Iroin  it.s  mines 
The  places  ol    note  in  it 

hi'c;'  on  the  rivt  r  \'il.s,  ;8 
the  )■.  iulence  ol  the  e,o- 
\enior  and  regeiiey,  lont:;;!:-  an  i  h  etoral  p:;!  .(;■,  with 
a  coll<-ge,  and  i-,  well  lortificd.  In  its  neighbtmiliood 
is  an  iron  mine. 

Trefui;/,  on  the  I'reimh,  lins  a  caflle,  wliur  Fre- 
derick, duki-  of  Auilria,  was  confined,  when  he  wa. 
taken  1  vil  aier  bv  the  elei.t(  r. 

\\  ail':, . ill  n  ;    an  ab'b'.  v  (  !   (  idertian  monk.s,  the  ah 
liots  I't   will.,!;  \.e:e  j.nnc^.>  01   the  empire  in   iormer 
time;. 

The  b'tli.  piic  oi  'lovimcn  is  furrouiided  bv  the 
rirdeof  li  .v-ir''.;,  iii.l  e  biii-p  is  a  princi'  lA  ihe  iiu- 
j;.rt.  Iresnia,,  on  v,n  M  r,  is  the  principal  town, 
coiitaiiiing  Icveral  co;i\i  ills  .enl  i  liurehet^,  a  cathedral, 
;i  '.rynnialium,  a  l/illioji's  iial.ue,  i'cc. 

i  he  kigniory  ol  l.b.reniei:.  belongs  to  the  elector  ]-ia- 
larnh  ,  v.ho,  on  its  account,  hi,-;  a  feat  and  vefice  among 


I  ;-•  cc'J.'i!*  ol  I  '.c  cini'ire  an.l  ci.cie  ; 


but  the  elector  of 


Waldeek. 

Ihe  little  I'rotcrtant  cnuntv  and  town  of  Orteiihev.^ 
jointly  belongs  to  their  own  nnints ;  the  county  of  li.i  <  - 
belongs  to  the  elcitor  ;  the  |>rovoll  ot  Herclitologa.l,':i 
is  a  |-rii!cc  ol  the  empire  ;  and  tlie  couiuv  ol  yiLniin.iii 
belongs  to  the  l.oldsowitz  tamii>. 

'the  bilhopric  of  P.iliaw,  (U'  i'.dl'au,  llamls  on  both 
fides  ol  llie  naniib<',  where  it  receive.^  tin  iimontheoi,- 
li.le,  and  ihe  lit,',  on  the  oilier.  'Hu'  ihrte  li-.i  r.-  alMuc- 
mentioned  divide  it  int'.)  t'liie  ]iaiu,  vi/.  I'al'.iw  ill  !', 
on  the  Iburh  lid^'  of  the  Damiln-,  a;ui  li'.e  v.ed  tide  n 
ihe  li!i;  Inllat,  on  llie  e.dl  ii'le  ol  the  Inn,  and  tl'.e  fnrii 
lide  ol  tlie  Danulu  ;  and  lht.it,  on  the  lejith  i..;e  ot  i'  ■■ 
D.mnbc,  ami  the  banks  of  the  II;.;. 

J  his  bilhoprie  w,i,s  foimded  in  the  vear  6j),  I  v 
Theodore  III.  iluke  o\  Havaria;  and  its  diocel'e  ixieiK,i 
:o  miles  on  tlr'  north  luie  of  the  namibe,  b.nderii'g 
on  .\ultr;a  and  !)  'hemla.  It  was  commonlv  t/ivi  n  to  ,1 
younger  l\iu  ot  the  houi'- of  .Aulhia,  belore  the  file 
valt  aggr.indiiemeiit  ot  that  lioule,  and  vieldeil  near 
I  f.oool.  a  ytar  belore  the  erection  of  the  bilhojirie  cf 
\  i.  una.  In  17:0  the  j>ope  made  the  biuiop  indepen- 
dent ol  the  metropidis  of  .Sa!t;'.burg,  ami  allowed  l,i;n 
the  pall,  to  imkmiidy  him,  in  lome  lovt,  lor  the  lols 
(d  do  ]\irilhes,  2  abbies,  a  provoii  iliip,  and  a  priovv, 
ui.ich  were  difmembered  from  liis  diocv  le,  on  the  irc- 
tion  of  the  new  archbilhoiitic  of  N'ieniia.  The  ciiaptcr 
conidls  ol  24  canons,  who  are  all  m   ran!-.. 

I'adaw,  lb,-  c;.pit.d  (d'the  bilhoprie,  i,^  noted  for  many 
meetings  and  c<inlultations  ot  the  (lerm.m  priiieo, 
and  paiticu'arlv  for  the  trea'v  made  in  it  anno  155:, 
br  ijuiethig  ihe  troubles  ot  (/ermanv,  in  the  cont<-ii  • 
tii'ii  betw;  eii  the  1  niperor  I'ha.ks  \.  and  the  prote!- 
t..nt  ])rinces  ;  wherebv  ihe  l.uliieraiis,  whouereoidy 
tolerated  belore,  v.ere  n  av  eiir.'dilhed  in  the  ireeex- 
ercile  ot  their  re'igi,  II.  I;  isaiieh,  p,,puloii-,  tradii.  ; 
citv,  ami  naturally  llrong,  being  h.nced  on  all  fules 
with  rocks  and  rivers;  and  to  pent  in  by  a  mountain, 
that  it  runs  in  a  niriow  liiii  at  the  bottiiin  ol  it,  tiom 
ea,t  to  well,  above  a  mile  in  lemnli.  It  is  an  Impeiial 
{lix  citv,  but  under  the  p.r  teciion  ot  its  areh!  IIIk.]-, 
\\!;o  is  a  ]irmce  oi  the  empire.  The  private  hiiiidin;-'i 
h  re  are  of  \vood,  lor  wh..ii  rerilon  it  liitkred  nuuii 
by  a  fire  in  inf.  1  ;  but  it  has  bi  en  rthiillt  in  the  Italian 
tiiie;  aiu!  the  churches  areli.iub.,  elpeci.iily  the  ca- 
tla\h:;l,  which  i,s  lull  if  hi;e  torn!  .-,  aiid  i  ilnr  inonii- 
mcnts,  and  didieated  to  St.  .Ste|;lun.  'l!:e  bilhop's 
palace,  the  chapter-court  ne.ir  it,  and  the  cadle  on  .St. 
Ciregory's  1  lill,  near  that  part  of  iho  town  caiu  d 
U/.iladt,  are  liamlloine  buikhn,.s.  'liie  other  part, 
called  Inltat.  is  fuppi'kd  to  l,.;ve  bet  n  the  Holodormil 
ol  the  ancitnis ;  and,  indeed,  the  btiildi"gs  have  inoic 
ed  the  air  <il  antiijuiiy  than  thole  ot  P.'.haw.  Here  are, 
belides  the  c.thedral,  three  other  chuehes,  a  monal- 
terv,  and  a  handlome  college.  Without  the  town  tlicrc 
is  .mother  church  and  monaflery.  'Ihe  calile  was 
erected  in  1219.  There  is  aiunher  tort  at  the  bcttoiil 
ol  the  Id  I  ;  and  they  boiii  b'donp  to  the  bilii'.ip.  'Ihc 
du'^i:  ut  Iiavaria  took  it  in  1704,  but  loon  luiie:'dei\..l 
it  to  the  Impcrialilk;  and  in  1741,  it  wa  .  It.iipr.ied  by 
the  late  elector,  'this  is  reckoiud  one  ci  l!ie  tm  p;ii;- 
cipal  cities  on  the  Danubi':  and  the  river  1!;;;  producer 
pearls,  that  bc'ong  to  the  emjieror  and  theikctorol 
Havaria,  each  of  vhom  has  an  oliicer  here  to  take  care 
ol  his  intereil  .  I'eopk:  here  dul..  liiaveiy  InilliaiiC 
an.l  fumplMoi!-  manner. 

ihe  hmc',;ravate  oi  I.euchtenberg  l;e!ong  :  totheeke- 
lor  (d  Havaria,  who,  on  aeeount  ot  ii,  l.;'.s  a  lt.it  aid 
voice  in  the  tiiet.ol  the  empire  and  cirel.-.  l.eiic'i- 
tenberg  itielf  is  a  market  loi.n,  In,',  .'i  1  ullle  dticnded 
by  a  itirtrefs,  and  •;ives  name  to  a  b..;ii.', '.■!.. 

'dhe   I'm  ciiialilit  ■  id'  N'l  v.:  I'.o    ;''i.l  Si  :  .'ii.-.en  lie 

mollly  in  tf.e    I 'ppi  r   ralalieate.     'i'he   iormer  princes 

thereof  were  brai.ehe:-,  ol   the   i  alafme  lainily.     Ol  the 

'  Ncuburg  braiicU  I'hilip  \\  iiliaiu  bccumi;  elector ;  but 

both 


..Si 

I 


VUY. 

IS  lore:!'-!)  nf  iIi,-  tlirc; 
iir;;li,  t';,rl);uim,  aini 
olic  li-iijiiioiy  vi  lluiii 

mi  town  of  Ortcubev/ 
;  tlie  i-iniiuy  oi'  ll.iii- 

>ll  ol    lii  u  lltoloi;;i,i/'n 

c  county  ol  .Sitr'ino.iii 

I'-mIiu,  llatii!-!  on  bojli 
■!Vi .,  the  Inn  on  tlii-  or,'; 
111/  ihric  ri\i  I'.s  ;-,li()\c- 

.11I>,    V!/..    I'.llviw  itlli, 

I',   ;i;iii  li:,-  v.cii  t;<lc  i  i 

till-  ll;li,  ;i,kI  li-.l-  lou-:i 

n  the  nurtii  i.Cx  o(  t';;,- 

in    the   vcir   6  j  i,   I  v 

ar.  J  its  d:;jLi  l(  (  Mclii  i 

'u-  Daiuihc,  h.'i.lLr;;'-.; 

ciMnmonly  (;ivc'n  to  ;i 

llria,   btlorc   the   l.iic 

li',    ;niil  yiclilcil  mar 

on  (il  ihf  l)iliii>|iric  (1 

tiic  hilliop  inJe]>cn- 

'luri;,  :in.i  ;illo\vi-il  lii:;i 

Ionic   jolt,   lor  ihc  lr.!> 

V'jKiliip,  iiiul  a  |irio:v, 

.i>  iliciCi  Ic,  on  the  crc- 

\  iimui.     'llic  ciia])tcr 

!1  oi   r.nik. 

pric,  i;,  iu)teil  for  in^i'v 
the  (iirinin  priueei-, 
made  ni  it  aiiiu)  155:, 
riiinnv,  in  the  eonten  ■ 
vS  \  .  ;nul  the  protel  ■ 
leiiins,  \\h()  were  oiiiy 
Millietl  ill  the  tree  cx- 
leii,  p,)pni(.iis  triulii,  ; 
ig  h.nceil  on  all  lij,  j 
itnt  ill  l)v  a  mountain, 
the  bottom  ol  it,  lioni 
i!;th.  It  is  an  impeiial 
:i:on  ol  its  areh!  illioj-, 
The  [irivate  biiililin;'* 
ealon  it  I'lilil  red  nuieii 
■n  ri built  in  the  Italian 
ul\,  elpeei.iily  the  ea- 
nil  s,  aiiil  1  [Ul  r  niomi- 
itp-lii  II.  '1  i;e  bilhop's 
,  and  the  ea;t  L  011  Sr. 
;  ol  lbi^  li.v,  II  eaiud 
.  <.  'llie  oilier  jiart, 
e  hem  the  Uoiodorniii 
le  biiildii';^'s  have  nunc 
ot  Paiiaw.  Hen-  are, 
ler  eluuhes,  a  ii;on;'.|. 
Vilhout  the  town  tl.i  ic 
■ry.  Ti.e  eallie  wai 
iher  fort  at  the  be  ttoiii 
;:  :o  the  bili::'j).  '1  iie 
,  but  luDii  bii  1  e:\leri.  J 
(.1,  il  was  lurpiiied  by 
id  one  oi  the  tm  piin- 
the  river  11;/  pr(Klueej 
ror  and  the  ikthir  of 
Ihcer  heie  to  take  earc 
u  l.>  in  a  ve:  y   biilliant 

;r^be!on;:totbeeice. 

t  ol  n,  l.:'.s  a  It  at  aid 
and  ci-.i'l.-.  1  ciie'i- 
h.iN  a  ( idlle  dileiided 
a  b..Mi.M>-l.. 

•  I,  :"i.l  St  ;  /n.'.en  lie 
'I'le   loriaer  piinees 

ilatine  lamily.     Of  the 

I  became  elector ;  but 
bolli 


FrUOI'i:.]  G  F,  R  M  A  N 

both  liis  Kins  d\!i'0'  V'lhout  male  ilTue,  the  other  braiieli 
liuceeded  to  tl'.e  p..l.i'.r.iate,  the  diuhy  oi  Neubiirg,  and 
tle^foral  di;;nity.  l.acli  has  a  rcgeiiey  of  its  own,  and 
ihe  iiihabi;aiit>  ot  botli  are  a  nuMiiie  ol  Uoii.au  Ca- 
tliolies  and  l.utlieraiis.  In  the  dmlij  ol  Neubi  ig,  the 
pritieipal  places  are, 

Ntubcr.;,  wliieli  gives  name  to  ir,  and  is  its  capital, 
flaiidiii;;  on  the  Danube,  40  ir.iK.s  ii.rth  of  Munich, 
and  wt  It  of  Ititillion.  It  is  well  built  ami  Icjrtilied, 
contains  an  electoral  jialace,  with  a  colle^je,  and  is  the 
I'eat  of  the  rej^eiiey. 

Uocliltadt  Is  a  liiiall  town  on  the  Danube,  near  wb.ieh, 
at  ilic  villaf;e  ot'  IMenlieim,  the  ilnke  ot  Marlborou;;h, 
and  prince  l!iii;tnf,  obtained  a  iKjiial  vicfoiy  over  tiie 
l''reiieli  and  Bavarian^. 

'1  liis  lauious  battle  ij  thus  cleiMiitlv  defcribed  by  the 
celebrated  Addl;'^.';! : 

Te'inld,  in  awl  111  march,  and  dread  array, 
'iiie  loll;;  extended  li;iiadioiis  Ihape  their  way. 
Death,  III  approaching  terrible,  imparts 
An  anxious  horror  to  tlie  bravelt  hearts ; 
Yet  do  their  beating  brealfs  drniand  the  llrife. 
And  tiiiill  ot"  glory  tjuells  the  love  ot  lile. 
No  vulgar  tears  can  IJritilli  minds  comroul : 
Heat  of  revenge,  and  nolile  pride  of  foul, 
O'erlook  the  loe,  advantag'd  by  his  ]ioft, 
l.eU'en  his  number'-,  and  contract  his  holt. 
Tho'  tens  and  tioo  Is  poiFell  the  middle  l|)a''e, 
That,  iinprovok'd,  tlu  y  wcmlil  have  lear'd  to  pals, 
Nor  lens,  nor  II 'oe.s,  can  Itoji  Hritannia's  Ivaiuls, 
Wiun  hi  r  proud  to'.:  rang'd  on  tlrJ  borders  Itands. 

But  oh  1   my  Mule,  what  numbers  wilt  iliou  lind, 
To  ling  the  furious  troops  in  i  atile  jnin'il  .' 
Methinks  I  hear  the  eriun's  tunud'uoiis  luiind 
'I'lie  victor's  liiouts  and  dying  groans  conlound  ; 
1  he  dreadlul  bunl  <'t  cannon  rind  the  Ikie;, 
jViid  aii  the  tluiiuii  VS  ot  i!ie  battle  r;l'e. 
'  I  was  then  great  Marlbro's  mighty  foul  was  prov'd  ; 
'J'hat,  in  the  llioek  of  charging  bolls,  unaunM 
Aaiidlt  e(<niiirion,   horror,  and  delpair, 
I'.xainin'd  ,dl  die  dreadlul  reeiies  of  war  ; 
In  peac;  Ud  thougb.t  the  lieid  of  death  furvcy'd, 
To  tainting  rquadroi;,-,  I'l-nt  the  timely  aid  ; 
Inlpir'd  ri  puk'd  battalions  to  engage, 
And  taught  tlie  iloulitlul  battle  were  to  rage. 
So  when  an  angel,  by  divine  eoniniand, 
\Vitii  riling  teninelis  lliakes  a  guilty  land, 
(.iu''h  as  ot  late  o'er  pale  liiilaiinii  ])als'il,) 
(Jaliii  and  fcrene,  l:e  drives  tiie  furious  blall:, 
And,  pieas'd  tii'  Almighty's  orders  to  perforin, 
Kidi  s  ni  the  wl.i.lw'nd,  and  eniovs  the  florin. 

lii:t  le,-  i!ie  liaiijiity  li.iulhoii.1  troops  advance, 
The  (.head  ot  I'lirope,  and  the  pride  of  France  • 
'J  !ie  war's  whole  art  each  private  loldier  knows. 
And  with  a  gen'rars  love  ol  coiupiell  glows  : 
Pr  HulK  he  inarches  on,  and,  voiil  of  lear, 
l.an'.'iu  a;  the  lluiking  ot  the  Hritilh  I'pear. 
\' nil  ;i. loll  nee:   with  native  freedom  b.rave, 
1  he  iniMiMt  I'lriton  li;oriis  the  liighed  Have; 
tJ.i.r;. mp:  and  hir\  lire  their  louls  by  tnriv:, 
V'ch  iir,' en's  '.'i-ry  in  each  warrior  burns; 
T.u'h  light,  as  111  ill-  arm  t!ie  importaiu  .lay. 
And  all  '.he  late   of  iiis  gre.it  momutli  la)'. 
A  thoula.nd  glurenis  actions,  that  mij';iu  claim 
Triiiiiipliant  lauuls,  and  immortal  lame, 
Conliis'd  ill  crowds  ol  glorious  aftions  lie, 
And  troops  ot  heroes  iindiilm^uiili'd  die. 

Tlie  biiliopric  o|  Ratiibon  contains  i  :;r!_'^  pariflics. 
The  clia|i;'  r  coinilU  ol  24  canons;  and  the  billiop  is  a 
prince  ot  the  empire,   but  luirr.igan  to  .Sdl/biir!^. 

The  Iinpcrhil  city  of  Uatiiboii,  60  miles  to  the  north 
ol  Miiiiirli,  is  large,  populous,  riiitl  wt  11  f.>rtifi(  d.  The 
ni.igiihaey  and  burgheis  are  l.utlitrrans ;  but  the  greatell 
part  of  the  inh.diilaiits  are  (lathohcs,  and  liav..-  many 
churches  and  convents  bclongiii';  to  tii'iii.  Ti.e  abbot 
id  .St.  l.meran,  and  the  abbcll'es  of  I'pper  and  Lower 
No.  -,{. 


V.  u  ?  \  nv..  So  I 

Mui.ller,  liavi'  feats  and  votes  in  the  diets  of  the  ciii- 
I'iie  and  circle,  and  are  alk lied  in  tlie  inatriculas  In 
tiie  tirit  of  thele  abbies  are  two  curious  maiuilciipts 
i4'  the  gofpel,  written  in  the  eighdi  and  i.intli  ce:-.iu- 
rie,^.  In  the  lame  abbey  Apolf  inus,  to  dilliivii  ihed 
for  his  Ikill  in  the  Cireek  tongue,  wa>  eiimaitd.  I  he 
abbot  is  exempted  from  the  jurifdiclion  of  the  b'licp, 
and  Ihiiuis  immediately  under  the  pepe.  In  tin  'e- 
male  Inundations,  the  iady-ab'.H  ll(  s  are  I'lected  I15  the 
two  chapters  of  ladies,  who  mull  be  all  of  noble  bir.li  ; 
and  though  the  abbe  lies  m,.ke  vows  id  celibaev.  i.e. 
the  other  ladies  may  marry.  There  are  two  illands 
in  the  Danulie,  near  this  city,  called  Obcrwcrth  and 
Uinierwertli,  i.  c.  the  I'pper  and  Lower  lllam:,  whicli 
are  in.habitcd  by  millus,  boatimn.  .md  fdheriiien. 
litrides  the  abbi(.-,>  ineiitioPed  ;  bove,  among  ether  reli- 
gious lunil'es,  here  is  a  cloillcr  lor  .Scotchmen  of  the 
lloman  Clatholic  Religion.  The  city  driies  r.  gieat 
trade,  cxpnrtiiig,  by  the  Danube,  N.ili,  and  liegen, 
large  i',u,intities  of  I'.dt,  corn,  wood,  and  provifinns  of 
all  torts.  Over  tl  e  full  ot  thele  rivers  is  a  budge  <.f 
1  J  arches.  'I  he  dict^  ol  tlic  eiipire  have  bet  11  i  eld  in 
the  Council -court  of  this  city,  almolt  without  intern  p- 
tioii,  Imce  the  )ear  !6'i2. 


I 


Thl   C'lKCI.i'".   OF    SWAB  I. \ 
>  b.->niuled  by  Sw'it/erl.ind  and  Tirol    to    the    leuth.'. 


bv   the    I'al.uii'.e  and    f.aiiconia   to   th'- 


rtli  ;   oy 


Bav.n-ia  to  the  ea!!  ;  aiui  by  All.ice  to  the  \v,  it.  1 
the  two  la't  a  is  lipaiated  by  the  r!ver,^  K  i"c  anel 
l.eili,  and  bv  the  great  lake  ot  Oonltance  Iroin  Swit- 
zerland. Il  was  once  iall«d  Alleniania,  which  is  now 
the  name  of  :.!!  (Germany.  Th.e  Clernians  call  it 
.Scliwabeii,  and  ihe  French  Souabe,  It  had  the  Latin 
name  Suevia  from  fome  tribes  of  the  Suevi,  the  bell 
warriors  in  Cicrmaiiy,  t!'.at  canu-  Inim  tiie  north  parts 
ol  it:  and  the  great.dt  ji.irt  of  Cii  riiiany  was  c.lleil 
Swabia  by  the  komans,  becaul'e  tiie  Suevi  were  the 
molt  cor.liderabie  peopU'  lliey  kii.  w,  and  extended 
th.:ir  dominions  hirilielt  in  that  country',  but  it  was 
afterwards  appropriated  to  the  llermunduri,  the  molt 
eonliderable  brancii  of  them,  w!io  i  diabite  '  that  part 
now  called  Swabia.  where  tlu  v  eltablilhed  a  powerlul 
Hate  in  length  of  time,  which  contained  ..II  ti:e  country 
betwixt  the  Rhine,  the  Altis,  and  tlu-  F.lbe  ;  an.!  thev 
called  their  g'lveriim-s  kinc^;  but  t  lovis,  king  of 
Fr.uice,  deprived  them  ot  th, it  title  ;  and  its  governors 
had  alterwards  liie  title  ot  dukei;. 

The  moiiern  Swabians  retain  'he  courage  i>r  their 
ancellors  the  Suevi,  and  are  capable  of  all  the  latii'ues 
of  war;  but  both  lexes  are  addicted  to  tenluabtv. 
M;my  of  them  are  grolsly  fiiperl'iitious;  lor  thong, 1  the 
religion,  which  they  prole:-,  in  general,  is  Lutheran, 
\ct  here  are  I'apilts,  C/alviniils,  ami  Jews;  a  diverl.ty 
of  religions  being  almolt  unavoidab.e  under  fuch  a  tii- 
verl'ity  of  lovereii;ns.  In  this  couairv,  parti.  .  .irly  in 
the  duchy  of  Wnrtemtiurgh,  the  exiciit'oatr,  or  hang- 
man, inllead  of  being  deemed  inlainoii,'--,  ct-.  drinks', 
;ind  irallics  with  ever)  body,  aii.l  is  co'iip.un  h  rth.'bcll; 
atid  lb  far  is  a  man  from  being  ai.'u  nc''  lor  it,  th.at 
evrrv  freth  execution  givts  h.m  a  title  01  hor.our;  and 
v^hen  he  has  performed  aceit..in  iiumber,  i.e  is  com- 
plimented with  the  ilegree  of  docforol  phvlic.  i\t  the 
liiine  time  it  is  oblervcd,  that  tl  .t  viry  prohliion  which 
is  reckoned  the  moll  noble,  the  moll  aiuient,  and  tisc 
molt  innocent,  the  palloral  lile,  fo  c.'bd)i  ated  by  the 
ancients,  and  the  molt  ingenioiis  ot  the  Luroinan  mo- 
derns, is  not  only  defpifed,  but  abhorred,  by  the  Siva- 
bians;  the  meauef^  iieafants  excluding  fliepbere^  l.oin 
their  companv.  Tiiis  circle  is  150  mik  s  in  lemih, 
from  call  to  welt,  and  i  to  in  breadth,  Iroin  nenli  to 
fonth.  'I'he  air  is  healthv,  and  the  f.il  gen.eiai'y  iruit- 
tiil;  for  ili'Ugli  fome  parts  are  ir.ouiitainuus  and  i\oody, 
vet  the  hills  tilford  mines  ol  lilver,  ec'jiri  r,  r.nd  other 
metals;  and  the  lorelis  much  pine  and  iir  timler,  be- 
fuies  great  Itorr  of  game,  and  good  bnedsoi  horlis, 
black  cattle,  and  Iheep.     The  other  p.nts  ol  the  coun- 

y  U  iiy 


i  '  ■3'  -I 


fie  I 


A  NTAV  ANo  M  nir.NlIC  SYSTF.M  or  liNIVF.llSAr,  Cir.OC.llAI'ilV. 


111. 


^Il^ 


ii'l^i  > 


f'l  • 


try  vitlil  prcnt  !!i>ri.  ol  corn,  w'nic  ;iiul  llax.  '1  he  in 
li.ib:t..nt.s  iuc  cliK'iiy  cinploycJ  in  in.iking  linen  cloth, 
t)t  uliich  tlay  vcn.l  ;j,rcat  (juantitii-.  to  other  nation's. 
Its  chief  rivers  are  the  Uaiiube  and  the  Neekarj  the 
loriner  of  whiiii  rif^s  in  the  principality  ol  I'nrllen- 
beri;,  anil  the  l.itter  not  tar  Ironi  it;  but  threat  p.trt  ot 
it  is  alio  watered  by  the  Rhine.  : 

'1  his  coniitrv  was  formerly  j^overned  by  dnkes  ;  but 
the  emperor  1  lenry  IV.  conferred  it  on  his  Ion  in-law,    1 
I'rederick  of  1  lohenllauteii,  in  whole  tainily  it  conti- 
nued till  its  extinclion  in  i  :<)S.     Alter  this  |)eriod  the    i 
llcwards  appointed  by  the  enqieror,  their  deputies,  i^c.    I 
became  mailers  ot  dilierent  jiarts  of  it,  at  various  tinK>,  1 '. 
and  under  various  |M'ctcnees.      1  he  lummoning  princes  h 
are  the  bilhop  ol  (.'onllance  and  the  duke  ot  \Vurteni-  li 
bur<;:  tlie  Uuier  being,  however,  lole  director,  the  diets  ,, 
are  held  twice  a  year  at  Uhn  ;  and  the  Hates  are  divided  1 1 
into  live  benches,  viz.  eecleliallical  princes  and  abbots,  ;  j 
temporal  princes  and  abbots,  prelates,  counts  and  ba- 
rons, and  free  Imperial  cities.  il 

The  religion  is  mixed,  and,  on  that  account,  it  no-  'I 
minates  two  allellors  to  the  imperial  chamber,  the  one 
a   Lutheran,  and  the  other  a   Roman  C'aihohe.     'I'he    i 
Danube,  Neekar,  and  Rhine,  lire  the  principal  rivers; 
and  the  diilerent  counties  and  llates  contained  in  this 
circle  arc  as  loUow  : 

That  part  ot  the  Billiopric  of  An  si;i  lu.  which  lies 
towards  'i'irol,  is  mountainous  ami  barren  ;  but  the 
parts  on  the  banks  ol  '.he  Lech  are  fertile  in  corn  anil 
]\ilhire.  The  bithop  IiimlLlI  IS  a  prince  ol  the  empire, 
and  fullVagiui  to  the  arel.lilhnp  it'  Mentz.  The  piin- 
clp;d  places  in  the  bilhopne  are  the  follow  in;; : 

Ti.e  imperial  city  it  Ar.;,il)urg,  peopled  by  a  colony  | 
plaiv.id  iiere  by  Augufli;,>  (!ieiar,  is  lituated  near  the  ;| 
con:'.ux  ot  the  Lech  and  \\  ertach,  in  a  pleafant  fertile  ' 
country,  at  the  dillanee  ol  i.;  miles  from  the  Danube,  j 
It  is  well  fortified,  and  ha.>  tour  large  and  fix  linall  gates.  ;  i 
The  catliedral  is  a  inagniiicent  pile;  belides  which  [\ 
there  are  many  oilier  elegant  churches,  as  alto  iVveral  '  i 
nicnaitcries  and  nunneries.  Ot  the  cluirehes  many  be-  '' 
long  to  the  Roman  C'.uholics,  and  feveral  to  the  Lu-  ; 
therans  ;  lor  both  rili;/ions  are  tolerated,  and  have  a  ,| 
lliare  in  tiie  ;,;)venunent  ot  the  cny.  In  the  year  15111  '] 
Lutiier  appeared  before  the  diet  in  this  city  coiki  ruing  1 1 
his  doctrine;  and,  about  12  years  fubttiiuent  to  this  j 
affair,  Luther  and  Melanclhoii  drew  up  and  prelented  j 
their  conuiiion  ot  laith  to  the  emperor  Charles  \',  !| 
whence  the  Lutherans  are  laid  to  be  of  the  .\uglburg  i] 
conie'.«on,  tliongli  their  prelent  creed  dillers  v\idcly 
from  it.  Ik'lldes  the  above-mentioned  public  buiid-  P 
ir.c:>,  here  are  the  tinell  townhoule  in  all  Germanv  ;  !; 


manv 


i>tj.,tii!>,  well   endowed  ;    a   Lutheran  gyuni; 


i'.ui.i;  an  academy  lor  arts  and  lcience>,  founded  in  the 
year  I' 55,  and  called  the  Imperial  Francifcan  ae.uie- 
niy ;  two  well  turnillied  armouries,  a  li.jule  ot  correc- 
tion, and  a  woik-houle  ;  with  feveral  beautitid  foun- 
tains and  retervoirs,  whence  the  city  is  well  tupjilied 
witli  water,  brought  by  aipieduds  from  the  Lech  to 
live  towers,  and  Irom  thence,  by  nican.s  of  curious 
water-works,  dillribuied  throughout  it.  There  are  fe- 
veral c;ini,  fawlng,  flatting,  and  fuielting  inilis  on  tlie 
iujueducts.  riie  palaces  ot  the  counts  of  I'uggar  are 
niagnilieeiit.  1  o  tliel'e  count.s  belong  a  great  uuintjer 
f/t  tinall  lioules  in  the  fuburbs,  called  tlie  I'uggery, 
which  are  let,  at  very  low  rents,  to  ])oor  burghers, 
and  others.  'I'he  trade  of  the  city,  though  ftill  cou- 
fiderabk,  i^  tar  liiort  of  what  it  was  formerly.  .At 
prelent,  ixi'.Uiivi  ol  the  bank  commerce,  and  the 
'Urol  wine.-,  with  whicli  it  luiiplics  ■.ilmoll  all  Ger- 
many, it  i.jihilr,  chieily  in  gold  and  filver-fmilhs  wares, 
and  thole  <  1  tin  .md  ivory,  clocks  and  toys.  The  go- 
vernment of  the  city  is  almolt  entirely  in  the  hands  of 
the  jiatricians.  The  biliiop  however,  has  certain  pow- 
ers and  prerogatives  in  it.  The  revenue  ot  the  city 
is  very  conliderable,  and  its  garrifon  conhtls  ol  jo  j 
men.  In  the  council  houle  are  foine  very  noble  halls, 
which,  with  the  other  apartmelUs,  are  adorned  with 
iine  plaures,    Iculptures,    itatues,    j^ildin;;,    i^c.      Of 


tlie  fountains,  the  molt  beantiful  are  tl.of'  of  .\u!u!luv 
and  Hercules.  J5etwi\t  the  g.ites  oi  CJ  ;"-ii)g  nj 
Klenker,  is  a  very  curious  wicket  tor  adiiuiting  |i.,i. 
per  perfons  in  the  nighi-iiaie.  In  the  cuhedr.d  ;ai; 
feveral  chancels  •,  and  the  arms  01'  .dl  the  eoiiu;;  ,  , 
poll'etled  by  Clli.irle.-.  V.  who  here  l.iid  up  his  Iword, 
tlandard,  tceptre,  and  crown,  wlicu  he  hid  adicu  to 
this  world,  and  retired  to  a  eor.vent.  In  the  library 
belonging  to  the  gvanialium  are  tinne  einious  bcok-, 
and  inanurcripts.  1  he  abbot  ol  the  Henedictiiie  .1!  h,  y 
ol  St.  L'hieh  and  .'Mr.i,  in  tins  citv,  has  a  te.ii  am. in.; 
the  prelates  of  the  Rhine,  and  pay  ^  tiie  ufual  taxes  i  > 
the  empire.  The  revenue  of  the  abbey  \^  very  conli- 
derable. Thi^  abbey  is  a  jnivileged  phtce  tor  debtoi ; 
and  ctiminals  for  three  days,  but  no  loiijer,  without 
the  abbot's  pcrmitlion.  In  the  convent  ot  the  Carme- 
lites is  a  remarkable  fun-dial,  being  a  Madona,  whole- 
hands  holds  a  feeptre,  marking  the  hours;  and  whole 
head  is  enriched  with  rays,  liars,  and  all  the  li'.;ns  nl 
the  zodiac.  'Ihe  public  granaries  contain  gre.it  quan- 
tities ot  corn.  In  one  ol  the  arfenals  is  an  old  baiter- 
ing-ram  of  brafs.  Hill  ]ireferved  entire.  .All  order.-,  and 
degrees  of  pertons  here  are  dillinguiihed  by  their  prop.-r 
drellts,  lome  of  winch  are  very  odd  ami  nncoinmi  :i. 
Prints  ot  them  all,  done  on  patleboard,  are  loUl  i:i 
the  town.  'I'he  l\olpi(al  ot  the  Holy  Gholl  is  a  vei-y 
noble  one,  and  patients  ot  both  religions  are  admitted 
into  it.  The  inn,  called  the  Three  Kings,  is  very 
commodious.  Neither  Jews  or  t'alvinills  have  a  tole- 
r.ition  lor  their  worlhip  here.  .As  an  Imperial  cif. , 
Auglhurg  has  a  feat  and  vote  in  the  diets  oi  the  empi:  j 
and  circle. 

The  Bifhoprie  of  Consi  .vNcr;  takes  its  name  Irom 
the  city  of  C:onllancc  ;  though  the  bilhop  liimleh  relides 
ulually  on  the  other  fide  of  the  Like,  at  Marlburgh. 
'1  he  chapter  eonfiils  (it  1.:  e  inon-;,  and  four  expei-iauHi 
but  the  I'rotellant  religion  prewiils  in  mofi  p.uls  ot  t'.ii; 
diocete. 

The  city  of  Conllanee,  lituiited  on  a  celebrated  h;ke 
of  the  fame  name,  w.,,;  iormerly  bnperi.d  ;  but  in  liie 
year  1C4,',  Ferdinanl  I.  .mnexed  it  to  llie  territorii  > 
of  the  houle  of  Aullri.i.  it  i.,  well  iortii:ed,  the  lie  -! 
a  bilhop,  anil  has  been  the  llat  oi  feveral  iliets.  iJ!-.: 
famous  aflembly,  known  by  the  name  of  the  Council  '  i 
Conll.mce,  w.is  held  here  by  order  of  the  einperoi  .'••; 
gifnnmd,  at  a  time  the  empire  was  dillracled  by  reli- 
gious ditpute.s  and  by  ilie  feuds  railed  by  three  p->pe.., 
all  then  living,  viii.  one  let  up  by  Italy,  aiioiher  bv 
l-'rance,  and  a  third  bv  Spain.  Hut  this  council  dcjioli  1 
them  all,  and  elected  Martin  \ .  in  tlieir  llead.  Ji 
likewilc  condeinned  the  doctrines  ot  AVicklili,  Jolr.i 
Huts,  and  Jerom  of  Prague;  ordering  'he  fepulehre  ol 
the  lint  to  be  defpoiled,  and  the  two  Liittr  to  be  bur;-.: 
alive.  Tliis  council  coiitinned  litting  lour  years,  durin  ' 
which  timi-  a  vail  number  ol  loreigiiers  rellded  in  an. I 
near  Conllance.  A  conliderable  trade  is  carried  on 
here  by  means  of  the  hike,  and  the  Rhine  which  ruiu 
from  it  ;  but  the  chief  tribunal  is  he'd  .tt  Altorl,  .1 
neighbouring  market- town. 

I'he  other  places  are   I\hirlburgli,    a  pretty   town  , 
Oeliuingen,  containing  an  opulent  abbey;    and   R. . 
chenau,  a  Iknedictine  abbey,  on  an  illand  ol  the  Ian... 
name,  in  the  Zellerzee. 

Ihe  priory  of  liwangen,  on  the  borders  ot  l-'ran- 
coniu,  gives  its  prior  the  title  of  prince  of  the  empire  , 
and  the  town  of  the  lame  name  is  the  place  ol  retidenee 
of  the  pricjr  and  chapter. 

Kemptou  is  au  imperial  town,  containing  an  abbey, 
the  abbot  of  which  is  a  prince  of  the  empire;  and  the 
abbey  lands  contain  a  market-town,  called  Gronenbach. 

The  Duchy  of  WuKTt.Miu  rg  is  the  prineijial  do- 
minion of  the  circle  of  Swabia,  and  is  nearly  lijuare, 
being  ui)W'ards  of  Oo  miles  each  way.  One  divition  ol 
it  is  into  the  Untcr,  or  Under  laiui,  the  Middle  land, 
and  the  Dpper-land;  the  kill  of  wliieh  makes  a  part 
of  the  mountainous  track  called  the  Alb,  and  Black 
Forclt.  It  is  alio  divided  into  the  land  above  and 
below  tlie  Steig,  wliich  u>  ih:  name  of  a  ridge  ot 
'  mountain;- 


M'ilV. 

arc  tl;i)lV  of  ;\u;u''us 

jtib  el  Ci  ';",ill;;  nj 
.ct  li>:-  iuhuiitiii;^'  ji.ii. 
In  i!k'  t.iihi'ilr.;!  im; 
s  Hi  .ill  tlio  coiiiit;',  . 
•re  LihI  up  Ips  Iwori!, 
ivliLii  lie  I'iil  ;uliLU  to 
r.vciit.  In  tlic  li'or.iry 
•c  Inir.c  I  inicui  bi'ok-, 
till.'  Ik'iiL'iiictinc  .il  Ii.  y 
citv,  li.ij  II  liMt  am. '11;; 
ia\  >  tiic  ulual  taxis  lo 
c  abbey  is  vfry  eoiiii- 

L'gcil  place  tor  debti't  ; 
lilt  lui  loii^XT,  witlioui 

oiuciit  cil  tlio  Cariiu-- 
a\i^  .1  Mailiiiia,  whole 

the  lu)ur» ;  aiul  uiiulc 
IS,  ami  all  the  li;;ii-i  nt 
i;s  contain  K'"'--''  qua;;- 
rl'cnals  is  an  oM  battvr- 
.'luirc.  AH  orders  and 
igiiiliied  by  their  prop.i 
odd  and  iiiicoinim  ;i. 
alleboavd,  arc  lold  in 
;  Holy  Glioit  is  a  very 

reli^^ions  arc  admitted 

Three  Kinj;s,    is  veiy 

r  CiilviniUs  liavc  a  tole- 

As  an    Imperial  cit;. , 

tlie  diets  of  the  enipi.j 


K  takes  its  name  Ir.vii 
le  billiop  liiiiilcll  relides 
c  lake,  at  Marlliui;;h. 
IS,  and  tourcApe^hmn; 
ils  in  moil  paitb  ol  i',:w 

ed  on  a  celebrated  l;;l-,c 
ly  Imperial ;   but  in  tii/ 
N.ed  it  to  the  territoni  , 
.veil  iiirtifed,  the  lie  .1 
,t  ot'  leveral  illets.      'Liu: 
name  eil'  the  tAnineil  ■  i 
i'der  oF  the  emperoi  .S:  - 
:  was  eliihaclcd  by  ri.li- 
Ls  railed  by  tlircc  pr,x•,^, 
p  by  Italy,   another  bv 
1)111  this  eoiiueil  depoii  I 
\.    in    their    llead.      k 
ines    ot   Wleklili',    John 
irderinji;  'he  lepii!elirc  e 
ic  two  Liittr  to  be  bur;,: 
ittiiij^-  lour  years,  duriii / 
ioreii;ners  relided  in  an  1 
ble   trade  is  carried  on 
id  the  Rhine  which  ruiu 
lal  is  held  at  Altorl,  a 

hurgli,    a  pretty   town  , 
tilent   abbey  ;    and   11.. . 
on  an  illand  ol  the  Ian:.. 

ti  the  borders  ol  I'ran- 
ol  prince  of  the  empire  , 
;  is  ihc  place  of  velidcnce 

.vn,  coittainliu;  an  abbey, 
;  of  the  empire  ;  and  the 
3WI1,  called  Groneiibach. 
eRCi  is  the  principal  do- 
a,  and  is  nearly  fipiare, 
;h  way.  One  divilion  ol 
r  laiui,  the  Middle  hind, 
,  of  wliieh  makes  a  part 
lied  the  Alb,  and  Bl.ick 
ito  the  land  above  and 
he  name  of  a  rid'':e  oi 
niouiitaiii;- 


KI.IKOPr.j  (i   r.  K   M   A  N  .  1. 

mountains  iu,ir  Sfat;; '.;'.i.  '1  Ms  diuiiy  not  oiilv 
abounds  in  grain  ot  moll  liirts,  but  alio  in  llax,  iiemp, 
and  j,;ood  u  me,  commonly  ealleil  Neekar  wine,  and 
fiuit,  elpeeially  jieais  and  appl;  s  i  infoiiuieli,  that  ey- 
iler  and  piiry  are  the  common  drink  ot  the  peafants, 
when  wine  happens  to  be  de.ir.  In  this  cotmtry  arc 
alto  mines  of  lilver,  copper,  and  iron;  woods  ot  lir, 
oak,  bv'ceh,  birch,  and  ]iir.e;  liiine  lalt  lprin;.;s  ;  abun- 
»lan.  e  ol  lliccp,  ;,,'aine,  and  ottle;  co.il,  turf,  cobalt, 
lulphiir,  terra  lij;illat.i,  line  clays  lor  porcelain  and 
c.ulhen  w.ire,  leveral  foris  ol  inarbl; ,  bl.iek  amber, 
alaballer,  mill  Hones,  miner, il  I'prings  and  bath-;. 
Silk  IS  alio  cultivated  in  it.  It  is  well  watered  by  the 
Neekar,  the  Kns,  Natjold,  I'ils,  and  ilems.  The 
inhabitants  arc  very  numerous.  On  important  ocea- 
lions,  diits  are  called  and  held  at  Stutgard,  conlilling 
of  the  l.iitlieran  prelates  aiul  abbots,  and  the  rrprc- 
fcntatives  of  the  towns.  '1  he  cllablilhed  religion 
is  I.utheranllin.  Bclbre  tlie  relbrinaiion  there  was 
about  twelve  very  rich  convents  in  this  country,  whole 
revinu. s  are  now  chielly  applicil  lo  the  maintenance 
of  churches,  I'chools  aiul  tiie  cleri;y.  iklides  I.uthc- 
taii-;,  here  are  foiiK'  Calviniils,  W.iLlenlcs,  and  jews. 
The  Waldenles  are  allowed  the  public  exercile  of  their 
r'^.i^ioii  ;  but  the  others  only  in  private.  The  principal 
manuk'.eb.ircs  ot  tin.'  country  an:  porcelain,  earthcn- 
w.iie,  linens,  woollens,  jirinied  collon,-,  gla^^,  pai)er, 
h.i!^,   Ilockings,  lilk.s,  Cvc. 

l"';c  princes  of  W'urtemburgh  had  long  only  the  title 
(if  counts,  the  dignity  ot  ilukc  having  been  lirll  con- 
I'l.'.rnl  iip.ni  ld)erhaid  I.  in  t'le  year  1475,  bv  the  em- 
per'.r  .M.i\iin;li;in;  and  the  right  of  primogeniture  was 
I  ti.i'.j'.ilhed  in  the  la"'.;ly  in  the  year  147^.  There  is 
a  !  i.tL.'i  ol  it  fettled  in  Silelia,  wliicli,  Iroin  the  duchy 
olOcli,  I'.as  the  title  ol  duke  of  Wurtemburg  Ocls. 
The  dukt'.s  title  i.-..  "  Duke  ot  Wurtemburg  and  Teck, 
coil. it  ot  Mnmpvlgard,  lord  ol  llevdenheim  and  Jul- 
tin'^ren."     lie  is  hereditarv  Handard  bearer  of  the  em- 


1' 


i: 


buildings,    Hanked   at   each   angle  by   a   towrr,     •    1 
adoriud  with  elegant  groves  and  gardens,  an  ora;    ■  ry" 
whiili  is  fearce  to  be  paralleled,    curious   iabw  i;-ir., 
;':ri/,ii'S,  and  water  works,  and  a  llately  lilealiirc-li.  .:!  • , 
but  the  walls  of  the  e.iiile  are  w.iihed  by  ditches,  wtiie;'. 
give  it  the  air  ol  a  prilijii.      There  are,  however,  I'evi  ral 
y.r.ir.d  rooms  in  it;  one,  piirticularly,  where  the  il. ike's 
gentlemen  dine,  and  wlii.re  labh  s  are  lometimes  1'pn.Ai.l 
tin'  2  or  300   toreigners.     I'iicre  i,i  a  bridgi    o\,i    its 
moat  to  the  duke's  gardens ;  and   near  it   an   avi;'.ry, 
with  all   manner  of  birds.     In  the  moat   is  not  (  niy 
l>kiiiy  ot  lid),  but  I'uans,  and  other  water-lowi  ;    aii.l 
that   part  of  it  whicli  is  dry,  taeing  tiic  gardens,  har- 
bours  leveral  deer.     NVar    tlie  wardens  is  a  tlie.itre  ; 
;j  and  beyond  th.u  a  large   court  covered  with   fand,  lor 
i '  tilting  on   hoi  icback,  and  rumiing  of  tlie  ring.     Be- 
'  I  lore  the  entrance  to  the  cattle  there  is  a  grand  Iviilding, 
j    which   is  the    duke's    chancery,    or  fecrcf.iry's  oltice. 
I  'The  duke  has  a  tolerable  collection  of  antiques,  hulls, 
I  and  balforelievos  :  but  the  piece  that  iiiofl:  dei.■r'\^at- 
1!  tcntioii  is  the  Jupiter  Uoliehenus,  broiigiit  hither  In.iu 
I  iMarleilles   by  the  celebrated   antiiinary   I'atin  ;    it   bc- 
I  ing  a  reprefcntation  of  that  deity  in  armour,  llandinj; 
I .  on  the  crupper  of  an  ox,  juil  in   the  liune  attitude  a.-j 
j!  he  is   copied  rroin  this   original   in   the  antiquities   ot" 
1 1  IMontf.iucon.      Here  are    abundance  of   urns,    lamps, 
little  lares  or  houfeliould  gods,  and  ancient  coins,  both 
of   tilvcr  and  gold,     with  fliells,   peirilactions,    foliils, 
the  cajMices  of  nature,  both  in  wood  and  Hone,  exotic 
plants,  monllrous  productions,  the  exuvi  v  ot  animals, 
ikc.  belides  the  drelTcs   and  weapons  nled   in  th.e  me.fl 
remote  countries.     'The  hall  is  a  moll  tpacious  room, 
linely  adorned,  in  frcfco,  with  reprel'entations  of  vari- 
ous huntings;   in  each   of  whici'.  pieces  the  duke  ot" 
Wurtemburg   may  be  dillinguillied,  with   the  princc.-{ 
and  priiicelles  ol    his   family,   in  whole  time  they  were 
performed,     'i'liere  is  an  ail'enal,   in  which  app.ars   ;i 
leries  of  the  duki's  ol  Wurt.-mburg  on  liarbed  Ik  rl'cs, 


jin-i',  and  graiiddmnthnan  ;  in   allulion  to   the   laft  of  |'  richly  armed,  and  accoutred   alter  ;lie   faniion   of  the 
wliicli,  the  order  ol  hu'iting  was  t'ouiukil  here  in  1702.  ij  age  they 


iveJ  111,  um   lari'c  a: 


the  life,  aiul   the 


jt  'hat  order  is  a  gold  crol's,  enainelleil  red,  1]  ai,.reulogiuin  of  everyone   let    lortli   on  the  nppofitc 

wail:  v.hich  is  graced  alii)  wit'i   llandanls,   and  ot',,ei: 
,;iiiied  bv  the  dukes  in  their  fev;;rai  aclioni; 


T 

appended  to  a   broad  watered   fcarlet   ribbon,    iv.illuig 
from  ti'.e  lelt   (houlder  to  tiie  right  lide.     On  the  lelt  • 
bread  oi   the  coat  is  a  tilver  liar  cmbroidircd.     'Their 
grand  tellival  is  on  St.  Hubert's  ilay.     As  a  prince  of 
I.e  empire,  th.e  duke  has  a  feat  and  voice  in  the  college 
o:  princes  at  the  die  ts,  paying  the  ulual  alVethnents  to  I 
ik.   (I'lpire  and  Tnpcrial  chamber,  and  is  fummoning 
prir.ce  and   director  of  this  circle.      Caufes   are  deter- 
111. ned  here  in  the  kill  refort,  no  aii|)eal  lying  from  the 
courtiudicature  to   the  aulic   council,  or  any  foreign 
t    'viiiil.     'ihc    revenues  of  the  duchy  arc  very  large,  ' 
Tiie   duke  has  a  great  number  of  lumtiiig  feats.     So 
nuincriu-  are  the  deer  and  wild  boars,  that  a  writer  of 
c   dit  l.iy.,,  "  Above  ::o,ooohead  perillicd  in  the  winters  1 
(I  17  ;i  and  173:,  by  the  feverity  of  the  weather."     It  j 
io  no  vonder  they    niukiply  tall,  as  no  perlon,  on  pain 
oi  ilcath,  diirccnler  to  wound  or  kill  them,  unlcfs  at  the  I 
duke's   hunting  matches;    to  that  the  poor   pcalants,  I 
near  tile  torelb,  are  obliged,  in  I'ummcr,  to  keep.i  con-  1 
llaiit  look  out,  and   to  be  continuaily  watching  their  ' 
ilrcks  and  corn   iickls.     A  very  ancient   cullom  pre- 
v.;i!,4  throiigh  the  whole  duchy,  of  adorning  their  apart-  | 
iiRiits  with  deer's  horns. 

Stutgard,  the  capital  of  the  duchy,  is  ^U  miles  call 
'I  Haden.  Some  derive  the  name  from  its  being  anci- 
i  ntly  .1  Hud  tor  breeding  liorles  ;  and  the  arms  of  the 
city  arc  a  colt.  It  It.inds  in  a  Iruittul  iilain,  has  leveral 
line  gardens  and  vineyards  about  it,  and  is  cncompallcd 
with  very  high  hilis  aiul  vailiis.  It  has  three  luburbs, 
(,\e  gates,  three  churches,  and  i?,  divided  into  two  parts 
lu  tile  Neekar,  over  which  it  has  a  briilge.  It  is 
p.etiy  large;  but  molt  of  the  lioules  are  low,  and  ill- 
lir.ili.  The  (Ircets  are  broad  and  lightlome,  but  dirty  ; 
\iL  the  town  is  gay,  being  much  Irecpiented  on  ac 
count  ol  its  natural  hot  bath?;  which  aregootl  for  many 
thiealcs.  'I  he  duke's  calllc,  or  palace,  is  a  noble  frce- 
lioiie  iabric,  ucU   lortitied,  com|ioted  of  lour  piles  ot 


tropliR  s, 
liarticiil.ir.v  the  I 


of   a  fav.Hirite  horfe 


kd  under 

that  iluke  who  commanded  under  prince  liugene  and 
the  duke  of  Marlborough,  ar  the  battle  of  Ilochdet. 
On  the  cieling  oi  this  art'eind  are  I'ome  noble  repre- 
l'entations of  battles  wlicrein  I'ome  of  the  ancient  dukes 
of  \\'urteinburg  loll  their  lives  in  the  fervice  of  their 
country,  under  the  emperors  ol"  the  Saxon  and  Sv.a- 
bian  rr.cc. 

I.ndwiglliurg,  about  three  miles  from  LStutgard,  i.stlic 
feat  oi  a  ]ialace  built  by  the  duke  Eberhard-Lev/is,  in 
a  place  remote  from  any  river,  great  roads,  or  toreits. 
It  is  lb  ill  contrived,  that  it  looks  more  like  an  oran- 
gery than  the  palace  ol  a  lovereign,  the  apartments  be- 
ing too  iiiiall  and  inconvenient,  as  well  as  irregular; 
yet  no  coll  has  been  Ipared  to  adorn  them  with  carving, 
gilding  and  painting;  though  with  more  prot'ufioii 
than  iudgment.  'The  luriiiiure  alfo  is  rich,  but  a<  a!i- 
I'urd  as  the  l.ibrie.  '\'Uc  bell  thing  in  the  who'e  paL'.co 
is  the  chapel,  a  line  noble  llructure.  In  the  gardens 
there  are  leveral  terraces,  which,  riling  one  above  an- 
other, entirely  bound  the  proi'|)ecl  ot"  the  palace,  which 
is  encom])aned  by  buttrelles  that  alio  cramp  the  apart- 
ments. The  town  is  as  irregular  as  the  palace,  and  in 
no  rel"])eifl  agreeable  ;  tor  the  tituation  of  it  is  upon 
uneven  ground,  and  moil  c '  the  liout'cs  are  of  timber, 
and  llightly  built,  having  been  run  up  out  of  necellity. 

Tubingen  lies  on  the  Neekar,  aiid  has  a  calllc  near 
it  on  a  hill.  Here  is  held  the  high  court,  in  which  all 
caulcs  are  tinally  determined.  Ai  diis  place  are  an 
univcrlity,  a  fcminary  of  divines,  with  a  coilegiuiii 
illullre,  the  lludents  of  which  mull  be  all  princes  or 
counts,  a  Latin  fchool,  and  a  wiuillcn  manul'adory. 
In  the  neighbourhood  is  a  medicinal  bath. 

C'aiiiladt,  on  the  Neekar,  has,  in  its  neighbourhood, 
an  excellent  mineral,  and  leveral  tiilt-fprings.     In  the 

town 


mn 


I:  -.> 


»/!;?; 


?■> 


I'l 


A  Xr\V  Asn 


town  IS  n  mtfon  ]iii!Uiir.;-liouli.' ; 
vill.i'^!',  ;>  lilli  in.'.iuilacU-rv.  At  r.' 
aiKifiit  lamily  lent  v[   Wuiti'in'.'Ur;; 


AT'IIir.NTlC  PVSTrM  or  T'NIVKUSAL  CTOGU APIIY, 


to  tl'.c  ihicliv  i  at' 


kl  111  Us  vitinit/ 


1.1,  ill  nil  ;ulj:i>'fi!t 

rc.it  iliiliiiicc  iv  t'u- 

wnit-ii  i;.ivi'  II  riu' 

it  /  thcuicicnt  foiuus  IkUI 


Iio'.hI 


tails 


\1  llcllllni.l 
It.)   tllc  N. 


tlic  V 


Of  till.-  \.ilky  ol  K 


ru 


Til 


livf  miles  IhIow  .Stutf'-.irtl, 


rivLT  lalls   111 

'I'lii-  town  w;i<  nl  note  ioriiierly  lor  tiuirnanui 


til 


eir  eiuirts  in  the  open  ;iir. 


ik 


I' 

coiitai 

tllL    li 


n  little  town  on  tlu 


a  iliu  I 


a',  witii 


Alb, 
1 


iie.ir  \\\c  river 


l-.nv 


el.l 

IV  tlie  nobility  ol   .Swabia,  atul  was  luhj.C-b  lo  itj 
,  ore   (i|    wlioin  t.uifcil  it  to  be  eneoiniMHul  witli 

111  a 


a  wall.     I'V.  dt  ri.  1;  I.  iiia.i.-   it   liiiinri.il  in    i 


\  linen   niaiuitaJorv. 


the  eiiiivrors  Conir. 


,!i(iurlioo.l  aie  niii  > 


tor  k 


a. 


il  ec'jv 


,  niar 


III    aiu!  lieilerirk   H.  ib.iroli'.i. 


and   ill  i!ie  dillriot  to  wliicii  it  j;ives  luiire,  lo'iie  line 


il  aiul 


"ran 


ted  it 


m.niv  nnvileies. 


re  wi;li    t 


M.    Vi 


leiKii  arniv  in  i  7c; 


;,iul 


lui. 


abeaiiti  ul  white  eartin  aiHi 


tl;at 


1       rail-d  eontribnrioiii   lar  and  lu.ir.      It  is  a  Koiikiii  C'.i- 


the  lldli'.nitdlie,  vhicli  is  a  laiv^-e  iioii  ii|e,  into  wine 


h       tluilie  ti'Wii,  with  live  e 


linnl 


es,  two  iir,! 


nd  K  vcr. 


t'-.e  w.  ovl,  M.ed  on  tl;c  Alb,  luiiij'  |  iir,  i-  conveyed,  in       conveni. 


dant, 


the  t'M>  ol  a  tnount.iin  into  t^u'  river 


aii 


iliC  nili.ibit.iiit- 


the  imIiicI 
lem!  abro 


tr.ul 


(•   IS   111    It 


bead- 


t  r!iur!v 


L'oveni 


.1 


a 


1. 


a  I 


I  1 


V  tliaf  Uitu  llie  iNeCk.i; 


bnii 


It  ti 


n'   i: 


.■lioll^.     ol     iMI.dl'V, 


lit  now   ti.e 


null  Stii; 


The  I.ordlhin  of  K 


lnn\'ri  rs. 
I'l.ille  I' 


\\i  r 


i^  in  tiic 


(■(•)   rtK'ks  and  I'lmii't-.ii's,  en 


be 


P 
oil'.:- 1  '  tiie  .d. 


on 


tV.e  Ar-en,       the  iher  K'  clier,  in  the  county  i  1    Oiti 


i:IU 


it    >t, 


ax  s  taxe.<  to  the  i  iwic. 


Gall, 


ill  bwit/.eiland,  thoii'ili 


th.e   Irontiers  r.l    I'rancoiiia.     It  ilri.Liided  l-iinuib  i  ii 


til 


e  iliiues  o 


Ihc-  H 


ienedivline 


Abbey  of  Ottobenren  is  the  ritlicll    :  ^' 


iV, 


I    Wurtenibi 

in  \j.l'-. 


but 


was  inaile 


Im 


Ti 


s  town    lias  ]  I.  rty  ol 


[HTlal  bv 
i'l 


in  all  Swabi. 


watei 


but  it  Okies  its  rile  to  its  Inriiiir  ol  l.ilt,  \i 


'I'i  J  Roman  t'atlioiic  Imperial  te 


t;.e  river  Kcii;;iiit:, 


ib-.'.ch, 


)!"  O'Venbur 
on  the  lame  ri\er. 


tlioe;;!i  not  fovhiic  or  ]>' inant  as 


nther   li'.lt. 


ricil  to  Nureinbi 


T 


I./ re  is 


an 


.1  ol  •/.ell-Ain.Ha:nnierlbaVli,  ab-.nt  lour  miles  from    1  river  to  its  liihurb. 


tl 


le  latter,  are  iii  league 


with  each  otlit  r  iiuitu; 


lllv. 


to 


Kolh 


iHMll 


a  bvld  'c  here 


over  tl 


luppcnt  tlieir  eoniinoii  privde-;es 

Tl 
cinpii 


Tub: 


penal   eitv,    co  miles 


fontU 


Il  is  the  teat  ot  a  chaiid."T,  or  court 


loliowimj  imperial  tv)wiis  all  pay  taxcv  to  ti;e 
but  the  reli'jioii  ot  the  iiiliali.iants  is  dillerent, 


it  inllice,  I'l  r  the  whi- 


a^  may  be  teen  by  the  follow  iiig  tabli 


iirade  111.  du 
It  wa>.  taken 


hieliv,  tirll  e-ecft 
hi 


lo  I  I.).; 


city. 

were  in  alli.ince 


N. 


i3o])tir.i;Lii 
Aaieii 
Ijuei.honi 
r.  i-  iilienJ, 
G.eiieen 


li 


tli'.;u)n. 


Situat 


eil  on 


with  the  I'lotdl, 
i-llorcd  at  the  treaty  ol'  iMimlUr 


d    >wai  1.1,   who  n.ai;e  it  a  Iri ;; 

by  tiie  I''reiiLh  in    ifi^i,  when  they 

of  the  empire,  but 


It  w; 


.M 

l.iit' 


i.x.'d 


Ihe  I- 


Cvler 


Wc  K 


bv  the  French,  under  M.  \ 


aj'aiii  lii/.cd 
alier  he  had 


i.ilkd  the  ni.icl 


I'. 


:lt. 


,i:  ll.e  en. I  el  wireh  it  flane 


but  tliev  were  loon  obliged  to  ouit  it 


It 


IS  in  the  ter- 


:i  r,in 
Kill  (.'ath. 


\V 


i;ii|)ter;!i 


liircli 


M::.ea 

n;;ro 


Wan? 


ilaveiillHTg 
i'iiiciiai  11 
ir':.kellbul,l 
I.in.i,;u 
Ueibn  n 
LM>erlin-cn 
Niirdiiiv;(.u 
lUii.iiii.  ■■•11 


AaCh, 


i  L'a:li 


l),t;e 
Ditto 
nitt'.! 
Ditto 


Ivoelier 


15r 


■.ilanc 


ritorv 


,f  II 


e'.'ow. 


e.id   ol    a   ce 


unty  callei.1 


1  lohenber'',  ui 


r  the  nroiecTion  of  the  hoiil'e  iit   Aid- 


but  It  is  in  l;M:;iie  with  tlie  .Swit/.er.-.- 


it  h, 


ln:t 


li\e  miles  from  .Se 


laul'in. 


id  not  tar  troni  the  l)a- 


I-le 


.ibe.      It  is  lortilied  after  tile  ancient  manner,  and  en- 


atfed  with  b.-oad  deep  diteh"'s.      In  IJ3J  this  low 


II 


.(H 


nirnt  down  by  li-litcMii 


W 


Tl 


ic  eoniities  and 


lordd 


ps 


f  th 


c   n 


•ble   f.i 


eiLicIl 


the  'I'ruehefs,  the  lordlhip  of    Tctnaufr,  the  e. 


bi 


It:  to  the  Teutonic  order,  the  abbies  o 


Haindt,  (Juteiizeil,   Roihniuiiller. 


AV' 


,  Cionlfn 


h,      /.W'ifl 

irv  <  f  \\'(  I 


M;i 


1 


IIe;:;b.:e!i, 
eterlLuilen, 


,d    tl 


Cal-.ii 


Ditia 
MiNe.l 


ul    tf 


Cath 


)f  ^ 


I. akeCci. fiance 
li.er 
Neekar 
Ditto 


tenhaulen,  all  give  li:eir  jiroprirtors  voices 
'  and  l^-ats  in  the  diet.s  of  the  empire,  eire'e,  vvi-, 
I       Uhn,  a  name  thought  to  be  derived  !r'  -.n  ;!iec:,-oves 
j  of  elms  near  it,  and  i'uiiiiofed   to    lie   tlie    .\1  i;u.nisol 
I'toleinv,  is  an  iiniierial  ciiv,    17  miles  w.ft  ol   15',ii;.;aw, 


1  city 
and  ^o  f  ■nth  of  \Vurt/bur;l 


of  the 


1) 


amir 


wiiicu  Here 


It  fl.md-; 
Iv'ins   to 


(111  11 


■It  litl 


iin'.;i;iv,';n 


•er 


the 
the  Danube, 


alter  havim;  received  tlie  nniteil  itreain 


be    i!a\i;;ab!e 
it    the   I.antei 


on 


.ini 


.-J     links    lUMt.l   1)1 


iple 


111. 


itracv  IS 


Li 


rtiv 


L)U'.  t!!e  ):'.: 
ijiiK.n    (.  .itli 


l.uti 


an 
fevera 


aw,  onpo 


lite  to  the  mouth  of  the  lie 
bi  C 


d  little  111  iiids  bi  fore  the  town. 


,  and  forms 
iarlema'Mie's 


if 


time  it  w;'s   but   a   little  vilhfje,  ol    wl;i( 
tyrant  to  the  abbey  of  Kiehenaw,  near  ( 


■iimihjjii   was  an 


.itv  f 


rt  lij;ious  ^ ;  was  ruined 
ar  with  his 


b\  the 


I.oth 


t;-.e 


.k  I. 


,ind   now  .1  ioys    (  reat   priv 


)  ear.y  as 
i- 


an  e.\einriiuM 


lurildiction 


rivals  lor  tiiC  ciiinire. 


bi 


It 

.   dnrir;,'  his 
it  n  filled  to 


onitaiice. 


ojien  its  t'ates  to  1 


ioiii;li 


■lant; 


lyp 


ri- 


ot t:ie  tri'.usal  < 


I  il 


vileci' 


but  it  was  rebui't,  and  incotiir.ailed 


V.  I! 


w 


df-. 


A 


yr..\ 


)\    it   W, 


Suit/.er'and,  Italv,  and  other  count 


L'(;(id  trade  IS  1  .irricil  on 


nes  ail|a- 


iihont  the  year 


by  tri 


:o  ;  and  its  inllablt:lnt^  (  nneliiii';  tiiein 


It  rrew 


to  h 


e  a 


handle 


oiiie  larsje  town. 


cent,  ill  li'~",v,  liavarian  fait,  tiraiii,  cott< 


j.itier. 


pa] 
la.j,'; 
its  di 


as   L'i 
llri.l. 


t;,\.ii  I-. 
liul 


iiy  well  Lirtitie 


1,  liui  not  lo  [lopnious  or 


id  ahnoff 
r  well  built.     I 


id       In    13-16   the  emperor  Vrcderiek  ii.  granted  it  many 


11 


:ii  IS  conli.l 


manulactorifs  o: 


privileges.      The    inhabitants    having   purebafed   their 
Ireedom   from   the  abbev   of  Uichenaw,  tlie  emperor 


J.cwis  of  Ikivaria  mad 


le  till 


;-itv  II 


Tl 


irai's,  pewt 


aiul 


•warm  liatli, 


ite  f, 


to|:etlier  with    u       governed  bv  41  cfehevins,  111 


off  of  wlioni  are  o 


f  t! 


iind, 


in  H  li.L  1 


cui  iv  an  umimr.eii  jiriv 


i;,  and  a  bee  hunting- 
iitirlibpuriiig  lorillliips 
funtiiU', ;  but  the  iiirif 


■lie 


ind   the  rell   tradebnen  ; 


d  tliev 


le 
uil'e  two 


ly 


II 


out  ot 

tre  ar! 


the  f 


oniier,    viui 


I^r 


rihde   111 


on 


r-I. 


ll'i 


U)     ll:e    tO\.  11     I  I 

I. Ill'  ■  diliiiet  i'l  ioiiiul  terra  liuill.ita 


\uir.iiiiii''en. 


In  tl 


( 


I  niuiuL  C'tl   tlie  liontier>  ol   tiie  coniitv  o 


.l-ei; 


he  capital   01   tlie  couiitv    ol 


IS 


name   Iruiii 


f  Ilf 

Kecli 


lour  burgomailers,  who  enier 
ir  altcrnatily.      Sex  en    o!    the 
oldell  members  make  the  fecret  coin.eil,  ar.d  ( .\ecii'e 
the  laws.     All  the  inntrillratei,  as  well  as  mod  of  the  in- 


tlinr  council 

on  the  olllees  every 


y^ 


labitants,  are  Lutheran 


till 


'rotell; 


lilt    liavini 


been 


till 


.ocl^.s  lierc  into  tiie  river  Kems ;  uim  the  nei'rh 


le   coalliix    ot   a 
II 


great    many  i,  the  prevailing  nligi 


iboi 


man  Catholic-,  have  2  ehure 


rvir  iiiice  1531.      i  he  Ho- 
aiid  are  excluded  from 
thJ 


IV. 

IS  In  l.)\v  .Stiit;;;iril, 

liuin^iiiiuuts  1k1,1 

I  was  lulij-i'l  ti)  its 

(.•iu'()in|\iirul  w'ltli 

rill  ill    I  I  'S'j  ;  inul 

niciii  U    15.  ili.ircilj, 

ilij,^'.-.      M.    \ill.ui 

iinny  in  i  707,  ;,iul 

It  ii  ;i   I{om;iii   C.i. 

'.  :|'ils,  :!rnl  liver. il 

in  lis  lif.ul^,  \vlii,-li 

I  I'Mu  i!y  irovcnit  J 

i  '  \\(  r    !■,   i;i   tlic 

:\ii'l  incui't  .ii's,  (■!) 
Ot ti:i:;i  ;i,  ,:ii.!  i.,\ 

'ciiili'd  (■■riiKiU  1  11 
in:u!c  Iiiipcri.il  bv 

ii.is  I  i  ;;y  vi   Irc-i 

■:\\)'S.  Ill  I, lit,  wlik'i, 
'llitr  l:;lt,  !■,  i.ir- 
ijc  lnic   ci\ cr  the 

ity,    zo  tiiili-s   loiitli 
I  tliambrr,  or  court 

I  "I'ch  il,  r.'iiio  1  i.[-, 
\\\ui  ii.:u!c  it  a  in  c 

II  ifi-n,   ulun  tl'.'.y 
s  ot  tiiL  tiiipirc,  but 

t  \\;i>  n'.Miii  kizcd 
!i  1  71';,  alter  lie  h;ul 
I  c'l  vliicli  it  flanJs; 
it.  It  IS  ill  tlic  tcr- 
ol  a  ccuniy  c;il!ii.l 
it  tl;i.-  hoiii'c  (it  Aul- 
^vit/.rrs,  it  hi'iiiir  tnit 
luit  tar  iViMii  the  l).i- 
.'lit  Mu'iiiuT,  aiij  en- 


tile iV'Ji'e  f.unily  oi' 
tiKuip,  tilt-  eoinman- 
orJer,  t!io  .ibbics  ol 
IK-.  ;;!,  r':,  ('..iij^eii- 
tcrh.uiii  11,  .ukI  tl;e 
eir  projiri'  tors  voices 
,  eire';-,  v'ci'. 
ived  111  '.n  r'le  jj'oves 
be  tlie  Al  iiu.iiis  oi' 
il';s  wtfl  (il  !5',ii;j;aw, 
.uuls  en  tl;.'  \.(lt  fulc 

lis     to     !>■.•     n,l\;-;ih!c', 

earns   of  the   l.aiite.' 

I  tilt"  Mir,  aiul  lorms 

In  Charleiiia;;ii'.'s 

I    \\i;irii    he   ii;,iJl-  a 

near  Coiillanee.  It 
arius    Ii.   ihiri;:;;  his 

bee.iiile  it  rduleJ  to 
u!  };ia\ite'!  in:iny  pri- 
■ot;ip.anei.l  uiti:  w.ill-, 
an;-.  1  iirieliinj;  tiiem- 
itullonie  laree  town. 
II.  ;.;r,iiite.!  it  iiKuiy 
ill;;-  purclMled  tluir 
leiiaw,  tlic  finperor 
Iiiiperi.;!.  'I'licy  arc 
1   whom  are  ot   t!ie 

ar.il  tlity  c'ltil'c  two 
rr,  vlui  prdkle  in 
otiiafler-^,  who  eiiar 
:ely.  Sex  en  ol  ihc 
oiiiicil,  ai;J  i  xeeiili," 
ell  as  moil  ol'tlie  ill- 
tcilaiit  liaviiv;  been 
ite  15^1.  1  Ik'  Ho- 
J  arc  excliklcil  iVom 
the 


rUROi'E.l 


r;  r:  r  m  a  n7     e  m  p  i  u  f. 


805 


the  public  oiHec,  u'lw.ll  as  their  privy  council.  TIk' 
tkoloi  of  IJ.iv.iria  bafely  liirpiilej  this  city  for  the 
ImvikIi  ill  I702i  ami  they  kept  it  till  aflc  the  bmle 
ot  lioehliet,  v.vlu'11  it  fuiieiulere'l  I"  ilie  lmp',iiil;l's. 
It  w.is  .1  very  liciell  iry  pi. lie  Inr  Inn  to  le,  ;irc  his  i|.i- 
miiiiiins  on  that  litle,  .iikI  to  ficihi.itc  the  p.ill:i"e  of 
the  i-'icr.ch  to  join  his  army.  It  is  a  great  ami  popu- 
loll^  my,  with  rcijuUr  loitilic.iiii)ns,  and  wide  dce|i 
ditihes,  Ii  I  led  by  the  wateis  of  the  Danube  and  the 
lilaa  ;  but  it  is  It)  lltM.itc  1  that  it  H.niid  not  be  able  to 
liillain  a  lonj;  (iege.  It  Ins  a  bridge  of  (lone,  of  four 
arches,  over  the  Danube,  the  pnti.ime  ofwhiili  is  de- 
tfiuled  bv  fort  I  lie.it  ions;  and  there  is  a  little  liiburb  o( 
pK,iriii-e-l)oiifes,  and  large  gardens.  Tlieic  arc  in  the 
city  two  (ipiaics,  in  the  laigell  of  which  is  the  town- 
iiotilc,  a  (lately  building,  where  the  lenatc  meets.  At 
one  end  of  tliet.)\vn  there  is  an  aifenil,  fioin  whiih 
the  l-'ieiich  carried  oH"  all  the  amis,  Sec.  th.it  were  in 
11,  bctore  the  liattieof  I  lochllcr.  The  river  Blaw  turns 
nulls  forfeveral  oeeupatioiis;  there  being  a  p  real  num- 
ber of  li.inds  employed  ill  the  minul.K'tones  of  (bill's. 
linen,  cotton,  andfullians;  in  dreiling  leather;  and  in 
the  iron,  and  other  tnanutiinories,  as  well  as  eloek- 
work;  by  which  ilii-)  is  become  one  ot  the  richel!  cities 
in  ( iermany. 

The  cathedral  of  Our  Ladv,  now  belonging  to  the 
Lutherans,  which  is  355  feet  in  lcnp;ili,  is  letkonvd 
the  long'-'lU  higliert,  and  beft  built  in  the  country; 
;iiid,  bylonu,  the  linell  in  the  einjure.  This  chiinli 
has  5  Ititelv  fpires;  one  of  them  loz  feet  high,  fup- 
ported  by  .•56  liaiidlome  pillais.  It  h.is  a  large  lijuire 
lower,  with  awa'cli  .ibva)s  at  the  tojs  of  it,  to  give  no- 
tice to  the  eitv  of  any  approachin.^  d.mger  from  the 
coiKitry.  I'he  organ  is  a  (iiulhcl  piece  ol  art,  ofex- 
tr.aordinary  height,  weight,  and  diiicnllon'..  The  taber- 
nacle is  a  very  line,  though  (Jolhicp'ece  of  work,  of  a 
fingular  kind  of  marble,  and  ornamented  with  abun- 
dance of  Itatue?.  Thcv  keep,  to  this  dav,  the  pidure  ot 
the  Lall:  Supper,  which  was  put  up  above  the  gre.at  altar 
bcfoie  til'"  ufoiniaiion.  The  benelK"-  in  t!ie  choir  are 
adorned  wiili  l.itloiieal  pallagesof  the  15ible  in  ("ciilpture. 
Beiidisihis,  the  L.ut'.ieians  hive  r^vo  other  cliurehes. 
I'his  place  may  boall  of  giving  birth  to  I'^reinflieiin,  (o 
miieli  rel'j-eded  tor  his  great  learning  by  the  whclc 
woild  ;  and  particularly  by  Chriltina,  queen  of  Sweilen, 
who  made  him  her  librarian  and  hilioriographer. 
lis  territory  is  near  as  large  as  that  of  Nuiemliuig,  be- 
ing lixtierman  leagues  in  length,  and  f  mr  in  bre;'.dth. 
It  is  ahiioll  invir.uied  by  the  duchy  of  W'liiteiiiburg, 
except  on  the  louth  and  call  tides,  where  it  is  boundcil 
bv  the  D.inube;  and  is  divided  into  .10  baiiiwieks  and 
lordlliips,  ofw'.iieh  that  of  (leillingen  rMnprehcm.h 
the  greatell  pait  ot  the  county  ot  I  lellenflein,  which, 
with  other  counties  and  town-;,  weie  purchaled  by  this 
city  loon  .after  it  was  made  Imperial.  The  garrilon 
lives  here  in  little  houfes  let  apart  for  it.  In  time  of 
war  it  IS  maintained  by  the  empire;  an  !  this  city  fur- 
nillies  a  quota  equal  to  that  of  Aiiglburg.  There  \v  is 
a  great  iMancilean  monallery  here,  the  revenues  o( 
which  wcr'.-  appropriated,  at  the  reformation,  to  a 
collene,  wheie  iluy  have  protellors  in  all  arts  atul 
Iciencc":. 

Olm  is  titiiatcil  in  one  of  the  mod  fertile  pL'.ins  in 
Swabia;  though  it  has  been  almoT  ruined  by  ihc  I'c- 
vcral  wars  in  this  country.  This  city,  before  thole 
wars,  was  fo  rich,  that  it  palled  for  one  of  the  weal- 
thier in  the  empire  ;  and  tlie  (icrmans  had  a  proverb, 
that  "The  ready  calh  of  I'lm,  the  ncatnels  of  Avigf- 
burg,  the  indiidry  of  Nurcmburg,  and  the  arlenal  of 
Str;!li)org,  were  the  four  wonders  of  ( Iermany."  The 
archives  of  allthe  free  cities  of  the  circle  of  Swabia  arc 
kept  at  Ulm,  where  their  meetings  are  alio  helil  by 
turns  with  the  city  of  Spires.  Though  all  the  country 
from  hence  to  Augtburg  is  even,  vet  it  is  tirelomc  to 
travellers,  becaufe  ot  the  pavement  of  the  caufeways. 

The  liiiperial  Abbies  of  SehutVenried,  WeilVen-.u, 
Roth,    Raggeiburg,    Kayfeillieim,    I'llpcrg,    Yrl'ce, 
KlcliiiijJ,cn,  Oehfeiihaut'en,    and    Sahiuuilwcil,  entitle 
No.  74 


their  abbots,  or  proprietors,  to  voices  and  Celts  in  the 
diets;  .as  do  the  I'lini  ip  ility  of  Lichenllein,  .ami 
piinctly  I  .'uulgiavate  ol  Klrigui. 

H\Ai)i  N,  or  H\ni.N,  liiuated  along  tl.e  ca'Tcrn 
b.iiiks  1)1  the  K.hine,  is  divide  I  between  twopiinccs 
ot  the  lime  taiuily,  who  receive  title  trom  their  rclpec- 
tive  capitals;  the  one  being  Ityled  the  Margiave  ot' 
llaulen- Balden,  and  the  other  of  Baiden- 1  Kirl.ach. 
Ilie  Ihare  of  the  tormer,  as  lying  Ibutli  ot  the  other, 
i>  ihdiiiguilhed  by  the  name  ol  the  Tp^er;  and  that: 
ot  the  I  liter  by  the  ame  mI  the  Lower  M.,  giavate,  or 
Miiqiiilate.  The  right  of  priin  igeniti'relliip  liuth 
been  long  introduced  into  both  thele  bianehcs.  The 
'vhole  county  is  near  ()n  miles  long,  and  zobroid,  and 
lies  betwen  the  duchy  of  Wurteinburg  and  Biifgaii. 
It  is  fruiit.il  in  corn,  wine,  hemp,  llix,  and  wool; 
.ibounding,  in  particular,  with  chefnut-trecs.  There 
.are  alio  main'  quarries  ol  marble  and  free- Ih me  in  it; 
larce  herds  ol  Iwine;  pleiirv  of  tilh,  'owl  anl  veuif  iii ; 
.iiid  the  baths  and  nuneral  Iprings  arc  fo  rommon,  that 
the  duet  towns  ol  both  maiquilarcs  have  their  n.imes 
trom  them.  Both  ptinces  e.xeicil'e  an  ablolute  au- 
thority in  their  dominions,  excepting  Co  far  as  it  is  li- 
mited by  the  laws  ot  the  empire,  ami  lay  taxes  on  their 
fubjeits  without  alleml)ling  any  Hates.  The  Upper 
M  inijavate,  or  that  of  Biadeii  Bifden,  is  bounded  by 
the  Rhine,  the  Lower  Marj,ravate,  the  duchy  of  Wur- 
;em!)urg,  the  county  of  Ivicrllein,  and  the  Oitenaii. 
Other  ill  ues  belonging  to  the  margrave  are  the  lord- 
!hip  ot  Mahlberg,  lyrig  between  the  Ortciiau  and 
Brilgiii;  the  county  ot  Kbcrftein  ;  a  confider.ible  (lart 
ot  the  ciiunty  ofSponheim;  two  manors  in  the  lord- 
Ihipot  Gr.itlliillein,  and  one  in  the  duchy  of  Luxem- 
burg, with  (evcral  baronies  in  Bohemia.  The  mar- 
grave votes  in  the  college  of  princes  both  in  th;  diets 
of  the  empire  am.1  circle.  His  annual  revenue  atiountsto 
alioui  f  )ur  hundred  rhouland  florins.  As  to  religion,  both 
the  margrave  and  his  fiibjefls  are  Roman  Catholics. 
The  following  are  the  principal  places  in  the  c.juntrv. 

Ralladt,  where  the  princes  relide  in  a  magnilicent 
caille,  ill  which  were  (etiled  the  preliminaries  of  the 
peace  concluded  at  Baden  betwixt  the  empeior  and 
luance,  in  1714.  The  town,  which  is  not  large,  and 
bclongeil  foiir.eily  to  the  counts  of  I'.beilU-in,  Hands 
in  a  line  plain  on  the  river  Murg,  whieh  a  little  below 
falls  into  the  Rhine.  Not  far  from  it  is  a  palace  of  the 
margrave's,  called  the  Favouiita. 

Baaden  derives  its  name  from  its  hot  tvuhs,  im- 
pregnated with  liilt,  allum,  and  t'ulphur,  and  which  give 
relief  in  the  cramp,  gout,  and  other  nervous  dillem- 
ptis.  The  town  isplealuitly  lituatid  among  vineyards, 
and  contains  a  palace  of  the  margrave's. 

StolhotVeii,  litiiate  not  far  from  the  Rhine,  five  miles 
(outli-well  of  Baiden,  is  taiiious  for  the  lines  call  up 
here  in  the  war  tor  the  Spanilli  fuccellion,  to  ':;;uari.l  the 
empire  againll  the  I'lench,  who  were  repulled  when 
they  attacked  them  in  ijo:^ :  bi.t,  in  1707,  they  forced 
them,  and  railed  vail  contributicrns  in  the  a  Ij.accnt 
country.     Near  the  town  is  a  I'lenedietine  abbey. 


Kehl  civcs  name  to  a  didi 


containing  the  noted 


forirefs  c:dled,  from  tlic  vill.'.ge.  fort  Kehl.  The  fort,  fo 
called,  tiillllood  at  the  call  end  of  the  biidge  over 
the  Rhine,  at  Stial'.iurg;  but  was  aftciwari'.s  built  ac 
the  conflux  of  the  Ken/.ig  am!  Rhine,  and  is  now  in  % 
ruinous  condition. 

The  lower  niar>]uil;iteof  l>adc!i,ro  called  with  regard 
to  the  courlbof  the  Rhine,  viz.  that  of  Baden- Durlach, 
or  Deurlach,  is  contiguous  to  the  marquilate  of  3aden 
on  the  north-call ;  and  has  the  duchy  of  Wurtemb'jrg 
on  the  eatl;  the  Rhine,  which  leparatcs  it  from  Allace, 
on  the  well;  and  part  of  the  Lower  I'alaiiiiate,  ard 
the  billioprie  of  Spire,  on  the  north.  The  places  ot' 
note  here  are  Durlach,  its  capital,  a  pretty  laige  town, 
which  lies  on  the  banks  of  the  Plintz,  or  I'hints,  ac 
the  foot  of  a  mountain,  en  the  top  of  whieh  there  is 
a  llrong  to.vcr,  with  a  conllant  guard.  The  marquis 
has  a  magnilicent  palace  here,  tar  c?:cceding  that  of 
Baaden,  a  go.id  library,  and  a  line  coUecl  ion  of  ancient 
t)  S  coins 


M 


n 


m 


Hi 


Wii 


•c6         A  MAV,  ROYAt,  Ar.n  Al'TUrNTIC  SYSIKM    or  ll\IVr,RSAl,  f  .lO  .U  \!M  lY. 


m 


■  jf 


h  p 


fdiiis  niul  iiK'dals.  Tlic  lliccts  MX  lli.ut,  ami  tlic 
Iiouk^li.vuly  anJ  uiiiloiui.  I  lire  isalli'.n  i!vmii;iliiiin, 
witlipctdii'is  »t  tlicltvcr.ll  Liiultii-s.  The  t^uMi  ainl 
piLiCf  lutlcTiil  nunli  in  (lie  ililUrcnt  war-,  wiili  ilic 
liciKih,  who,  in  ie8i),l>uriii  ihim ;  loiivii  'he  I'roitllani 
f  anions  thought  littoadill  its  prince,  vnIiu  wu"- a  Ltitlie- 
raii,  witli  coiitiiDutunn  Im  tep.minii  tlie  I'mtellam 
e!\uulic-,  wlikh  tilt  lieiichmineil  in  tluxountiv;  and 
lie  hiinlill  [;ave  1.U!m-  iinr.iiiniiies  to  Inch  toiei'j;n  Fro- 
tcil.iius  as  woiilil  teiile  in  this  c.iiiiial. 

Cailhulie  has  a  t.illle  ami  palace,  lu>ih  Iniilt  by  the 
n-,.\iii  lis  Chaili.>-\\  illiani,  who  t'a\c  it  the  name,  li^;- 
u\t)\v^  ChaiiciN  Rell.  k  is  thus  ilettiibeil  iiy  an  cmi- 
rent  ti- iveiler :  'Mmagine  the  inargra\eM'uiile  (la)s 
lie)  to  heat  the  entrance  ota  great  lorell,  in  the  ceiiiie  , 
ot'.ill.ir,  knineil  by  <2  w.tlks,  the  chiet  ot  which,  be-  i 
liiiiii  the    palace,  is  three  CJerman  leagues  in   length. 
1\'.o  lart^c-  uinf.s  advance  tioni  the  main  buily  ot    the 
houle,  «hii.lulcviaim;ifioni  each  other  in  proportionas 
they  im^ihtn.ihc  whole,  toftetlier,  louks  like  atheatie. 
Behind  the    |  iincipal    buildinij;    is  a  verv  liij),ii    otHa- 
goii  to.ver,  which  commands  all  the  walks.     Beyond 
tliecouit,  between  the  two  w  ing,s,  aie  the  e,ardcns  and  ; 
pantries;  at  the  end  of  which  there  is  a  temicircle  ol 
hoults  of  an  equal    liright,  built   archwa\~,  between 
which  there   run  live  lliects,  the  middlcnioll  whereof  ; 
fioni-tlie  pUace.     At  theend  ot  the  three  cliiel  llieets, 
oppolite  to  the  palace,  are  three  cliurchcs,  one  belong-  I 
ing  to  the  Liiiheians,  another  to  the  Calvinilis,  and  a  ■ 
tliiid   to  the  Roman  Catholics;  to  which  three    pre-  ' 
Vailing  iciigions  ot  the  empire  the  late  margrave  ^ave 
iLjial  liberty  ut  cor.l'cienLt  when  he  foundat  the  !iew 
tow:i. 

"  riic  phcalant-walk,  which  joins  to  the  caflle,  is 
a  very  lir^-.e  encloluie,  ditpoled  in  vaiious  walk«,  and 
planted  widi  tir  trees  cut  in  ihefliapeot  a  tan.  'I'iiere  is 
a  gitat  bat.in  in  ihe  centre,  alwa)-)  toll  of  wild  ducks, 
which  i^  cncompall'ed  widi  four  pavilion%  made  in  the 
form  of  Tuikidi  tents.  Two  ot  them  aie  aviaries,  and 
the  oilur  two  lunimer-houles,  with  Iotas  and  eoixhcs 
in  them  alter  the  manner  ot  the  ^  Icrn  countries. 
The  late  margrave  iilcd  to  ilivert  himfelf  by  playinj^ 
in  conceits  uiih  tome  young  ladies,  whom  he  taught 
mutic.  He  had  no  lets  than  60  waiting-women  to  at- 
ttnil  him,  tl-.ough  but  8  waited  upon  one  day;  and 
thele,  when  lie  went  abroad,  attended  him  on  horle- 
back,  drilled  i.ke  luillars.  The  g'-neialiiy  ot  ilicle 
damllis,  who  had  all  lodgings  in  the  palace,  under- 
llood  both  mul-L  and  dancing', ;  and  n'it(  :ily  peitormed 
opc:a^  at  the  theatre  ot  the  p.ila^e,  bu:  w^re  nuificlans 
oi  the  ihapcl." 

'I'lic  iciritories  ot"  tiic  piincc  of  1  luhinzollorn  are 
34  miles  lonj!,,  10  broavl,  and  tolerably  feitile,  b'^-ini;; 
vvaleied  by  the  Danube,  Kyach,  Starzell,  ?cc.  'J  h^v 
do  not  contain  any  remarkable  town ;  but  the  piince 
!■:  Iiereuiiarv  t'liambeilain  uf  th.e  holy  Roman  em[>nc. 

The  abbcls  nf  Lindau,  and  the  abbeis  ot  iluchau, 
have  both  kats  and  voices  in  th.cdiets  ol  the  emplie  and 
circle,  as  hath  the  jniiice  of  I  iieugcn. 

The  county  ol  Oettincin  lie-,  call  of  thceluchy  ol 
Wurtembiirg,  in  the  north-eail  eoi  ner  ol  the  circle,  and 
tx!eni.k>  about  18  miles  in  Ln,'th,  and  12  111  breadth. 
The  principal  river  in  it  is  the  W'ernii/..  The  loids 
ot  this  county  are  divided  into  three  lines,  viz.  that  of 
tl-.e  t.)ettiiVj'eii-Spicll)eig,  who  arc  princes  ot  the  em- 
pi;e,  but  have  no  leat  or  vote  in  the  college  of  piinees 
ihereot;  and  thofc  of  ()ettingeu-\V.illeilb.in,  and 
Oettingen-Kat/.eiilicin-Baldeiii.  In  the  diet  ot  the  em- 
pire tluy  belong  to  the  college  ol  S'.vabian  counts  ;  but 
in  that  ol  the  circle  the  [iiincely  line  liasa  le.tt  and  vote 
)n  tlic  bench  ot  lay  piincts;  and  the  otiitii  on  the 
bench  oi  counts  and  b.irono.  The  lubjects  ot  ihele 
princes  are  paitly  RomanCatholiis  and  i^aitly  Luthe- 
rans; but  the  piinces  tluinrtlves  are  all  Roman-C.i- 
lliolics.  The  only  place  in  the  county  wonh  iiieiilion- 
mg  is  Octtingen,  a  town  on  the  Wcinit/.,  whence  the 
county  takes  its  name,  and  where  the  prim  cot  Oettiiij'cii- 
Spiclberg  refides.     Jrlcie  i^  .tllo  a  cu.nmaQdery   ot  the 


Teutonic  iiider,  a  laige  collene,  and  a  locictv  for  th'- 
impiovement  ot  aiis  and  Iciem  cs.  The  bailiwick,  tn 
whiili  the  town  gives  name,  with  lour  others,  belong  tj 
the  lame  prince. 

SECTION     HI. 

Piijliis,    Difpc/itioiis,    Pofi'l.ition,    Suhrdiii.'lii/t,    nnd 
Divtijions  cf  tic  Gaiihins  in gentra!. 

NOTW  ITl  !STAM)1N(>  we  have  been  iinavoid- 
ablv  led,    in  our  delcriptinn   ol' the   rclpeirtue 
ll alls  (it  which  this  extenlive  enijuie  is  eompoied,  to 
introduce  leveral   particulars  relative   to  the   manners, 
tiilloms,  is;c.  of  the  various   inhabitants,  we  deem  it 
necellary  to  bring  the  whole  into  one  point  of  view,  or, 
in  other  words  to  cliaracteri/.e  the  Ciernians  in  general. 
The  (icrm.nns  are  ot  a  good  llature,  with  fur  com- 
ple.xions  anil  agreeable  feaiuies;  but  neither  their  lliapc 
or  mien  aie  to  be  .admiretl,  any  more  than  the  bright- 
nels  of  their   paits,  whuli   are  not  at   all  improved  by 
their   regimen  or  v^•ay  of  life;  tor  no  people  eat  and 
dunk  to  greater  txctl's,     (iermany,  however,  haspio. 
duced  gieat  men;  a  circumllance  which  may  proceed 
from  their  iinwc tried  application  to  whatever  they  un- 
dertake, and  then  travelling  to  other  countries:  anl  11 
is  nowondtritproduccsgre.it  gencrab,  being  jx-rpc- 
tually  engaged  m  wars,  ciilu  r  with  the  Chi ilban'pnnce?, 
their  neighbours,  or  the  Ttnks.     'I'he  (iermansare, 
ujion  the  whole,  an  honell,  holpiiable  people,  free  front 
artillce  and    diguile.     A  modern  author,  in   his  cha- 
racter of  the  (iermans,  lays,  "  That  they  want   I'pirit 
to  actuate  then  large  bodies,  ami  heat  to  conco^'f  their 
phlegmatic   humour:   that  their  courage  appears  from 
the  many  victories  they  have  giined  over  the  Infiilels: 
that  they  are  tree  from  malice  and  dilTimiilaiion,  much 
addicted  to  gluttony  and  drunk'.nnels,  but   nut  over 
amorous:  that  the  common  people  are  laborious  and 
honell,  btit  (low   and  heaw  :   that  the  merchants  and 
tr.adefmcn  are  very  fair  in  their   dealings,  holpitable, 
and  complail'ant:  itiat  the   nobility  are  men  of  great 
honour,  and  commonly  ("cholars:  that  they  value  tliem- 
I'clves  much  upon  their  birth  and  family:  that  moll  of 
the  [irinces   being  poor,  their  younger  tons  generally 
engage  in  the  lei  vice  of  the  emperor,  the  electors,  cr 
tome  foieign  Itatc ;  or  procure  tiiemlelves  tome  oi  the 
lich  ecclelialtical    pretermeius,   which  are  To  numerous 
in  the  Rom.ui  Catholic  llates :  that  the  I'rotellant  cleri;v 
are  learned,  and  e.\emi)laiy    in  their  deportment ;  but 
tlic  I'oi'iih    ignorant    and   liberrine;   anil    no  people 
have  more  kalling  at  marriages,  funerals,  and   birth- 
days :  that   the     (iermans    have  excellent   mechanic 
gcniures,  fic." 

The  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  (iermany  can  only 
be  deternuned  with  probability.  It  is,  m  gener.il,  jio- 
pulous;  and,  in  that  relpcCt,  Ins  r.illier  the  liiperiority 
over  France  ;  for  w  Inch  it  would  be  more  than  a  niaich, 
lilt  was  united  under  one  lie  id.  The  mhabiianis  arc 
computed  at  al'out  24  millions;  and  if  they  do  not 
make  to  gieat  a  figure  abroad  as  the  I'Vencli,  they  are 
jirobably  more  happy  at  home,  a;  they  have  moie  li- 
iieity,  and  live  iii  greater  plent\.  hew  of  the  tcrrito- 
iies  ot  the  (jer;n.in  princes  are  I  >  luge  as  to  be  aiTign- 
ed  to  viceroys,  who  might  oprivls  and  fleece  the  peo- 
ple at  plcalure;  nor  are  they  without  rediels.  When 
ihey  rulierany  grievance,  they  may  appeal  to  the  gene- 
lal  diet,  or  gieat;  councils  ot  tlic  emintc,  lor  relief; 
whereas,  in  France,  the  lives  and  fortunes  of  the  fiib- 
lecls  are  entirely  at  the  diljiolal  ot  ihe(;ranil  Monarch. 
1  he  Uilijedt.s  ot  the  petty  |)rinces  in  Cierinany  are  gene- 
rally the  tnoll  unhappy;  tor  thele  [linces,  attei'ling  the 
giaiideur  and  Iplendor  ot  the  more  powerful,  in  the 
nuiuber  and  appearance  of  their  olliteis  and  domellies, 
in  their  palaces,  garih.ns,  |)icUires,  curiolities,  guarils, 
luiniiure,  drels,  iiiulic,  &:c.  iS;c.  fleece  their  tenants, 
valials,  and  depend.uits,  in  order  to  liijiport  all  thi^ 
parade.  In  Ionic  pl.lccs,  ho.vevei,  the  burghers  and 
pcalanib  enjov  verv  conhderablc  privileges. 

The 


lO'.R  AI'IIV. 

I',  :ilii!  ;i  locii.ty  fin-  ilio 
••-.  Thf  l)ailiwuk,  t.. 
iliHir  others  bclutt"  ;  > 


i     III. 

in,    Suhnrdin.uitn,    nnd 
1. 1  IIS  in  gtneral. 

WL-  linvc  brcn  iin.ivoul- 

ptinii  ul' tlic  rtijicclivf 

minic  IS  tunipolal,  to 

':i;ivi-    to  tliL-   Ml.iiiiitrs, 

ilul)it;uits  wi-   ilifii,   n 

oonc  point  ot' view,  or, 

111'  CiermaiiK  in  general, 

ll.itiire,  with  t.iir  coin- 

)ut  neither  their  fh.ipe 

y  more  tluii  the  lirij^ht- 

not  at  all  improved  by 

tor  no  people  e.it  ami 

laiiy,  houevei,  has  pin- 

He  \sliicli  m.iy  proceed 

':i  to  wh.Ut  ver  they  iin- 

>  other  coiiiitiics:  an.l  it 

ueiicrah,  being  perpe- 

th  tlu'Chiilhanprinee?, 

^i''.     The  (ie^man^  are, 

-ii.ible  people,  free  from 

ern  author,  in   his  ch.i- 

'   I  hat  ihey  wan!   tpiiit 

111  Ir'.u  to  eonto>-t  their 

r  toiir;ir.f  appears  from 

.lined  over  the  Infidels: 

ind  dilTimiilatiun,  imicli 

nkcnnels,  but  not  over 

leople  are  laborious  and 

that  the  merchants  and 

ir   dealings,  holpitable, 

jliility  are  men  of  s^nat 

s:  that  they  value  ihem- 

ikI  family  :  that  moil  of 

youiij^L-r  (bns  geneially 

iii|'eror,  the  tieotors,  or 

•■  theinicivcs  fomc  of  the 

whieli  are  lb  numerous 

hat  the  Piotellant  clergy 

11  their  deportiiuni ;  but 

ertiiie;    and    no   people 

ts,  funerals,  and   birth- 

ive  excellent   iiuxlianic 

nts  of  (icrmany  can  only 
'.  It  is,  Ml  general,  po- 
ns rather  the  luptriority 
.1  bw  more  than  a  maich, 
.  'I'lie  mhabiianis  arc 
jns ;  anil  il'  tiny  do  not 
as  the  I'lcnei),  ihey  aie 
,  a;  they  have  moie  li- 
;\.  l'\w  of  the  tcrrito- 
fo  large  as  lo  be  aiHgn- 
^refs  and  fleece  the  peo- 
tithout  rediels.  W'hea 
may  appeal  to  the  eene- 
ilie  empire,  for  relief  j 
.nd  fortunes  of  liie  fub- 
ot  the  (/rand  Moiarch. 
es  in  Creiinaiiv  are  gene- 
elepiinces,  affecting  the 
mole  powerful,  in  the 
iroliiceisanddomellies, 
iircs,  curiofities,  guards, 
^".  fleece  their  tenants, 
.ler  to   fuppoit  all   this 


EUROPE.] 


G  E  R  M  A  N      E  M  P  I  R  E. 


So; 


:ver,   the  burt 
e  piivilfgcb. 


and 
Thf 


Tl.c  principal  divcifiiinsoftlie  Germans,  in  gcn'ral, 
but  moie  particulaily  thofe  ot  Vienna,  are  fea'tin^, 
dmcing,  fencing,  v', ""'"m-  ^'>''  nmlieal  entcriain 
nients;  tor  the  latter  ot  which  they  prclei  ve  an  im  no- 
<lerate  pillion.  In  the  \vi;uer  lealon,  when  the  ground 
is  coveied  with  Inow,  an  1  the  waters  aie  fro/.en  over, 
the  ladies  take  their  recuation  m  fkdi',es,  ofvaiio  s 
(liapes  and  devices,  I'lich  as  Iwans,  Icollop-fhells,  tigers, 
p,riliins,  Kc.  In  one  of  i hole  a  ladv  litf,  richly  drciled 
in  Velvet,  laced  with  gild  or  fiber,  lined  with  tins, 
adoiiicd  with  jewels,  Kc.  A  gentleman  lllew^  his  gal 
lantry  l)V  driving  her ;  and  the  horle  tint  draws  the 
fledi',e  IS  ilecoraled  Aiih  plumes  ot  fcalhers,  iil)bons, 
l)tlls,  \t.  When  this  aiiuilcment  is  taken  at  night,  a 
feivant  rides  befoie  the  fleilgc  with  a  lighted  toicli  in 
Ills  liaiui.  Hiiniing  ol  game,  bull-hunting,  and  boar- 
hunting,  arc  favoui  itc  diverhons. 

The  divcrfions  tor  the  common  people  arc  l"uch  as 
feeni  hardly  tit  tor  a  civiii/.ed  and  polilhed  nation  to 
allo.v;  paiticiilaily  the  combats,  as  they  are  calletl,  or 
bailing  ot'  wild  bealls,  which  is  much  more  lavage  and 
ferocious  than  our  buU-baiting. 

The  moll  ex  a  i  delinption  we  can  give  ofihere  di- 
ver,ions,  will  be  literally  lo  traiillate  a  iiuul-bill,  aMlif- 
irilnited  through  the  ibeetson  Sundays  ana  Iti'iivals. — 
It  run'  thus.— 

*'  This  day,  liy  Imperial  licence,  in  the  gieat  am- 
jih.itiieatre,  at  live  o'clock,  will  begin  the  tollowing 
tli\  CI  lions : 

"  111.  A  wild  1  lungarian  ox,  in  full  tiie,  (that  is, 
with  file  tinder  his  tail,  and  crackers  fallened  to  his 
faii  and  horns,  and  to  other  parts  ot  his  body,)  will  be 
let  upon  bv  doijs. 

"  2d.  AuiLI  boar  vill,  in  the  lame  manner,  be 
baited  by  ilogs. 

"  id.  A  great  bear  will,  immediaiely  alter,  be  torn 
by  dogs. 

"  4tli.  A  wuU  will  be  hunted  by  dogs  of  the  fleet- 
ct)  kind. 

"  5th.  A  very  furious  and  enraged  wild  bull  from 
Huiigaiy  will  lie  attacked  by  fierce  and  hungry  dogs, 

"  bill.  A  fulb  bear  will  be  attacked  by  hound-. 

"  71I1.  A  lleicewild  bo.ir,  j'lll caught,  will  be  bait- 
ed, for  the  full  time,  by  dog^,  defended  with  iion 
aimoiir. 

"  Hill.  A  beautiful  All  lean  tiger. 

"  9eh.  This  will  be  changed  tor  a  bear. 

"    loth.  A  trelh  and  fierce  I  lungarian  ox. 

'•  iith.  And  l.iili\,  a  furious  aiul  iiungry  bear, 
which  has  had  no  food  tor  eight  d..ys,  will  attack  a 
young  wild  bull,  and  eat  him  alue  upon  the  Ipoi;  and 
if  he.  IS  unable  to  complete  the  buliiul-.,  a  uolf  will  be 
ready  to  help  him." 

Tliele  barbarous  I'peaacles  are  vifuallv  attended  by 
tuooi  tliiee  thouland  (nople,  among  whom  are  a  great 
number  oi  Lidies  ! 


SF.  CTION     IV. 


Ccmmcrc?,  Exports,    Imports,  Muhanifm 

Coining,  StiUidard  of  the  Coin,  and  Liin^itiige 


Prhik^e  cf 


Tl  US  very  cxtenlive  countiv  being  boixlercd  by 
the  (ierman  t.)cean,  IJaliic,  (iiili)Ii  of  Venice, 
f;c.  and  intert'ccted  by  many  navigable  rivers,  is  ad- 
mirably fituated  for  commci'.e.  The  exports  are  corn, 
liorles,  caitlc,  tobacco,  butter,  cheele,  honey,  fyiup, 
wme,  linen,  woollen-llufis,  yarn,  ribbons,  lilk  and  cot- 
ton IhiU's,  Nureniluirg  wares,  goat-fkins,  wool,  all  foits 
of  wood,  particularly  for  lliip-biiilding,  iron  plates  and 
ft'jves,  cannon,  ball,  bombs,  granadoes,  tin  plates,  lleel 
woik,  copper,  bralV  wire,  poicelain,  eaithen  wai ;,  mir- 
rors, glatlcs,  beer,  IJiiinlwic  mum,  tartar,  Imalt,  /.all'ei , 
Prulfiaii  blue,  hogsdiriilles,  |)riiUeis  ink,  and  many 
oilier  commodities.  The  frencli  buy  up  great  num- 
beis  ot  horfes  in  .Germany  to  remount  their  cavalry. 
Towards  the  middle  of  the  13th  century,  feverai  towns 


upon  thcf  ;er:iian  Ocean  and  the  Bailie  entered  into  a 
league  for  the  lecuriiy  anil  [jioinotioii  of  theii  trade  and 
iKuigation,  and  were  therelMic  called  llaiit  Towts, 
riioogli  this  league  hath  long  fince  cealed  to  opeiate- 
in  iigiid  to  levcial  ot  ihcle  twwns,  in  coi.lKiuincc  of 
the  ilecay  ol  iheir  trade,  yet  Mamliuig,  Liibeck,  and 
Hrtmen,  are  Hill  i  died  the  Hans-Towns;  and  a  league 
.icluallv  liibliils  between  ihcm,  under  the  name  of 
which  thev  conclude  tieaties  of  comiiu-rce  with  foieigij 
pmveis.  Hamburg  is  the  chut  to.wi  of  tiide  in  (ier- 
maiiy  ;  and  next  tii  it  aie  liaukloit  on  the  Maine,  Nu- 
lemburg,  Ar.glbuig,  Vieiin.i,  Imme,  and  Trielle; 
whuh  lall  is  a  tree  port.  There  are  great  annual  faiis 
at  fiimc  towns  in  the  emp.ire,  as  at  Irankioit  on  the 
Maine,  at  Leiplic,  at  Buiiilwic,  I'lankfoiton  the  Oder, 
N  lUiiibeig,  and  Ment/..  A  new  trading  company  to 
Alia  was  eilablilhed  at  laiibden,  by  the  Kite  king  of 
I'ruflia,  in  i  750.  The  impuits  ot  (he  (ieimans  confilt 
ot  a  great  vanity  if  articles.  In  particular  fiom  tng- 
laiul  they  import  woollen  manutactuies,  tobacco, 
lugii,  ginger,  KalMiulia  goods,  tin,  and  lead:  biic 
leveial  of  the  (ierman  piinces  having  prohibited  lome 
paitienlar  foils,  and  otheis  ail  our  \suollen  iiranuhic- 
tures,  die  balance,  of  tiade  is  much  againll  us  witli 
(id  many. 

The  genius  of  the  (iermans  hath  appeared  in  the 
invemion  and  improvement  of  many  mechannal  arts, 
elpeiially  clockwork.  Ihey  have  exceeded  all  the 
world  in  the  connivance  of  a  variety  of  motions,  to 
iliew'  not  only  the  couile  ot  the  hours  and  minutes,  but 
even  ot  the  fun,  moon,  and  liars;  whereof  the  clocks 
at  Siialburg,  Prague,  and  many  other  places  all  over 
t  lei  many,  are  fuiiicient  iiiilances.  'I'he  emperor 
Charles  \ .  Ii.:d  a  watch  in  the  lewel  of  his  ring;  and 
in  tile  elei'tor  ot  Saxony's  ll.ible  I3  to  befeen  a  clock  in 
the  pomcl  of  his  ladcllc. 

'1  he  Germans  claim -nhc  invention  of  the  art  of 
printing.  The  Dutcti  lay,  indeed,  that  Laurence 
Coder,  of  llaailem,  foiUKl  out  the  art  by  accident, 
and  had  brought  it  to  fome  perfection,  but  was  robbed 
ot  his  materials  In  a  lervani,  who  fled  with  them  to 
(.ieiinany  :  but  the  (jermans  alledge,  that  John  Got- 
lenburg,  an  alderm:in  of  Stralburg,  tirll  invented  it  in 
the  year  1440,  lemoved  with  it  to  Meniz,  and  printed 
leveral  books,  in  which  he  made  tile  of  call  letters  of 
metal,  in  the  lame  ii.annei  as  is  nnw  ufed. 

The  invention  of  guns  is  alio  laid  to  be  theirs,  which 
was  hkewile  produced  by  an  accident,  in  this  manner: 
one  Baithold  Schwartz,  a  friar,  making  chymical  expe- 
riments, mixed  lome  i'ali-petre  and  brimllone,  witU 
other  ingredients,  and  let  them  upon  the  lire  in  a 
crucible;  but  a  fpaik  getting  in,  the  pot  fuddcnly 
broke  with  great  violence  anil  nolle;  whicluinexpei'ted 
elfiel  fiirprileii  him  at  lull;  but  he  lepcated  the  expe- 
iiiiuni,  iuul  finding  the  etlccl  conllam,  let  himlelt  at 
woik  to  improve  it.  To  ihi:  purpole  he  cauied  aa 
lion  pipe  to  be  made,  with  a  Im.iU  hole  at  the  lower 
end  to  tire  it  at,  and  putting  in  lome  ot  i:is  new  ingre- 
dients, together  wiili  lomefinall  llones,  let  lircto  it,  and 
toiiiid  It  anlwered  hii  expectation,  m  penetrating  all 
bet;jrc  it.  '1  his  happened  about  ll:e  ye;ir  1: 3.1,  and 
was  U)oh  impioveil  to  the  iiiak ingot  gieat  ordnance, ?>.c. 
but  a  celebrated  writer,  in  his  Natural  Hillory  of  Ox- 
fordlhire,  is  ot  opinion,  that  it  was  invented  lOo  years 
before,  by  Roger  Hacon,  a  Francilcan  friar,  who  was 
fellow  of  .Mertoii  n. liege  in  (Jxloid  ;  and  an  emiiienc 
piofelliir,  in  his  notes  on  that  friar's  epiillc  Ad  Pari- 
ficnUiii,  is  of  the  fame  opinion. 

To  thele  inventions  of  the  Germans  wc  may  add 
their  improvement  of  the  art  of  chymiflry  ;  which,  be- 
ing brought  hither  by  Albertus  Nhigiuis,  was  veiy 
mueli  lludied  by  the  Monks,  and  much  time  loll  br 
them,  in  the  faich  ol  the  phi!i.)lo[>lier'b  llone,  and  t!ic 
liudy  of  the  Uul'iciucian  philolophv. 

The  emperor,  elcciois,  many  princes  and  prelates 
of  die  empire,  :ind  of  the  Impel iai  cities,  kveral 
louiis,  fome  ot  the  gentry  who  are  t.ivouied  bv  the  em- 
peror, and  all  Inch  as  have  gold  and  lilver  muKs,  enjoy 

the 


r 


A  M\\.  R{^Y.\I.   \sn  Al  TlirS'TIC  SYSTF.M  of  I'NlVr.RSAL  ( .L.iK.R  M'l  IV. 


lit.  ^sa 


'1 '(: 


8.-.8 

the  privilcpf  otfoinitip;  tri'iiiv  n«  l.ii  ;•■  tl>e  i|ii:uiti!v 
rluv  yifl^l.  Suim,  lioxsivii,  liivit'.ic  piiviUi-.i'  >  t  .om- 
iri)ri)nlvtiii.illiii''iify  ;  IhhoiIum  ;i  l:»r!<.frt|'tu>.»,  uilur 
(it  Vilvn-  ,  1-  puld.  '  Hilt  llifif  aifoillv  llntv  <>(  I'Mii 
mints  allownl  in  aili  » m  lo,  iiiilir>  :ini.i'iii'  "i  il'i- 
iinpin-  lias  miiHS  ol  its<-.v;i,  ;ukI  u.ims  lo  m.t  i  mint 
lUMi-  If.  Bv  tlie  la«s  of  the  iinpiu'  tin-  i-nn  nl  f  uli 
tinl.  iuie,lit  to  I'C  ix.iniiiK>lyi.M!lv,  an.l  all  iliciiuiiu\ 
<i|  tlu'cnipiii  oii;:;lit  to  lit  aii-ouliii.;to()iii.iiHl  tlii'l.inic 
ItanJinl,  wliuh  at  pulcnt  is  iliat  ol  l-ciplu'.  Ilic 
Mvincy  ot  mnll  nations  in  lli.iopc  govs  Ikic  luir  if. 
vihif.  Tilt  moll  con.iuon  (in nun  (iivcr  coin  is  a 
rix-tlollu,  whivh  is  woi til  about  4s  ('il.  Init  in  loirc 
places  only  3s.  61.1.  A  <  iciman  tloiin,  or  giiiklcr,  is 
«oiili  ^HiKially  alioui  halt  a  iiovvn  ;  .ind  a  ^■oUWliit.it 
ah  '111  OS  A  iiowii,  in  Ipetic,  isajnal  to  an  I'liiililh 
irown;  Inir  a  tiov.  11  iiiirint  only  to  j<.()il.  'llic  I  kt- 
imniiiiii,  in  gcnfval,  i;.  luitl.cr  tiuf  llciliiif^  of  iliit 
wciiiht ;  luinj;  mou-  ilipi.  "  i''  ihounht,  tha'i  aiiv  oihoi 
coin  in  I'.iropc.  This  "i'l>  •'i'^'  i^'"--"  vanity  •'!  nio- 
ntv  that  i'.ruircnt  Irtc,  is  nu  li.iill  ililailvantar>c  to 
ir.uk-,  anil  links  alio  tin;  value  ot  tllatcs.  A  (iiisnan 
mark  is  is.  '>ii. 

The  lan'^itipe  ot  the  ficriiians  is  Hit!,!i  DiulIi.  ol 
wliuli  tin  11' ait  to  iiiiny  ili:'.k\-ts,  tl..it  the  people  ot  one 
piovineelcaiee  uiukilhind  thole  ot  another.  I.atin  ami 
Irenthare  ilie  moll  uktul  l.iii;;ii:i;',ts  r..r  a  toreip,nei' 
tr.ivclliag  in  (iernian\,  evt rv  lei vant  almoll  in  tl;cir 
inns  imileillanilinf,  lomelhing  eiihei'  ot'  the  one  or  other 
ot  them.  I  liCjh  anil  Low  Diiteli  are  ilit'agreealiJt  am! 
hiiih  to  the  t.i!  :  an. I  lioili  are  but  dialeCis  ot  ihe  Okl 
leutonie. 


Riiigiout 


S  \:  C   1 


(1 


V. 


Pvliliiiil   Gi,v(r>iment   rf 
Gt)m,ii:\. 


THK  inhabitant-,  of  the  C'lipire  are  pretty  equally 
divided  between    Roman  CuIioIks   ami    I'lo- 
ttliants  the  latter  being  of  twi  elatll-,  vi/.  L.uihc- 
rans  and  C.lvinills.     In  tludaik  ages  tlu  popes  got 
into  thtir  hands  almoil  the  whole  inanagcment  of  every 
thing  relating  to  the  elurth  and  eci  k  liallics,  both  ie- 
viilar  and  regular  :  nay,  ihey  even  claimed  a  po-.ver  not 
'.•nlv  to  contro'il,  bi;t  lodepolc  prinees,  ti.al  luUe  their 
l',;biei'ts  from  their  allegiance,  and  dil'pole  of  their  do- 
miiiions  as  they  thought  tit.    The  tyranny  and  iiiiir[  a 
tionsnf  the  pojxs,  and  the  ni'inlhoos  connptions  and 
abules  that    had    ei,",-r,    or    been    iiuroduccil,    fr -ni 
woilib  views  ot  po-.vcr  and  grandeur,  into  the  a  .cient 
duC'.ime  and  dil'-iphne  ot  the  cluiuJi,   i  lultd  all,    that 
were  capable  ot  any    lefleftion  amo;.g  the- laity,  and 
everv  honcll   man  among  the  cleri'v,  larr.elilv  to  willi 
for  a  refoi  inatinn,  v.'l.ich  wa^;  at   hut  boldiv  atrcmpied 
jiv  anative  ol  this  couniiy,  l)i.  Martin  I  .u;!/.;,  in  the 
I'  til  century.     The  llates  ot  ih.'eminu,  i';it  (.nibraced 
the  reformation, from  their  proielbng,  in  i;2i),  againll 
tlic  concluhonof  the  diet  at  Spire,  by  which  all  innova- 
tions in    religion,   till  the  deirec-  of  a  future   council 
Cuuld  be  oliiamed,  were  tkclared  unlawi^il,   obtained 
the  name  ot  I'lu  ellants.     A    religi'Uis  war  toon  alter 
broke  out,  which  was  extinguilhcd,  in  lumc  iiiealurc, 
in  i.i;52,  by  the  peace  ot  I'ali'a'v.  and  inou-  finipleatly 
Iv  that  ratiiii.d  at  Auglburg  in  1555,  by  which  a  full 
toleration  and  liberty  was  gianted  to  the  I'loti  ilant'. 
This  was  farther  confirmed  and  explained  by  the  treaty 
of   Wellpliali.i,  in  164S.     By   virtue  of  thele  conven- 
tions, no  other  religion  but  the  Roman  Catholic,  l.u- 
tjieran,  and  Retormed,  was  to  be  introduced  in'o,  or 
tolerated  in  die  holy  R.nnan  empiie.   S(jnie  other  tccis, 
notwithllandiiig,  inlome  places,  aitually  eiuoy  the  free 
exeicife  of  their  religi<jn.     Such   of  the  above  perlui- 
(ions  as  cxilled  in  any  ftatc  in  the  year  lOi-),  are  l\ill 
to  be  alloweil ;   but  it  lies  in  the  breall  of  the  rel'pedive 
fovereigns,  whether  they   will  tolerate   any   that  had 
neither  public  or  private  exercife  in  the  country  in  the 
yt3j  aboveineiuioiicdi     The  power  ot  the    I'r ot,  liant 


dales  over  ihiir Catholic  t'ubie.-tsin  legiid  to  religion, 
1%  the  lame  as  that  wlixh  the  Catholic  ihites  haveovir 
their  rroiiilant  (ubiects.  Kach  party  is  obliged  t,> 
allow  the  other  tlie  liee  e.xercite  of  their  religion  in  iluir 
dominions,  pmvi.Ie.l  thev  were  in  p  ilfclhon  of  it  in  tiic 
year  1024.  In  the  Roman  Catholic  countries  hen,  as 
well  as  e';e.vlitrc,  the  tkrgv  arc,  in  .1  great  iiu.ilue, 
111  l.-n..iuknt  of  the  iivil  power;  but  in  the  I'une  '  uit 
;!atc5  the  tupiemacy  is  veiled  in  the  lovereign.  l  he 
I'rotcllaiit,  or  evangelic  body,  have  nuitualb  agre<  I, 
til-.:  whencvei,  tor  the  future,  a  Laitliciaii  lord  ot  a 
county  lliali  tuin  U)  the  retormed  church,  or  obtain  .i 
countv  ot  that  perfuaiion,  or  i/.c  ic; ;'<;,  that  in  that  i.'.le 
he  lliall  leave  Ins  tubieCts  the  tree  exercile  ol  ilieu  rtli- 
■.i.ion,  with  their  whole  lormot  church  and  Ivhool-ilif- 
ciplinc,  and  all  other  privileges  whati'oevcr. 

Widiielpca  to  the  Ic.uninc;  of  the  (iermans,  there 
is  no  where  a  more  general  taile  tor  reuling,  cipecially 
in  the  I'lotcilant  c'.untit^,  nor  arc  more  books  any 
where  written  and  punted,  than  amon  ;  the  (it: mam. 
No  iieople  applv  thcmlelves  more  clolclv  to  their  llu- 
dies;  and  the  I  Icbrcw  is  in  no  country  lo  geneially 
learnt,  or  better  undcrllooil.  Printing  is  higlilv  e.i- 
couraged.  V'.vcry  man  of  letters  is  an  author.  Thev 
multiply  books  without  number,  (ire.at  number,  of 
ihefilcsand  difputations  are  anniially  publilliedi  tor  no 
man  can  be  a  graduate  in  their  univerliiies,  who  has 
not  produ,.ed  at  Icall  one  controveilial  publication. 

.Soon  utter  the  ditfolutioa  of  the  v.clUrn  empiie,  the 
I'lanks  fubdued  all  Germany  and  (l.iul,  which  were, 
about  ih.?  '.  cai  tico,  crertcd  into  an  empire  by  Charle- 
magne :  Init  So  years  afterwards  the  1-rench  race  were 
dileaided,  and  a  new  emperor  from  among  the  Cier- 
mans  eleeted.  The  race  of  the  houle  of  AuUria  be- 
gan wall  Rotlolph  of  Hapthurg,  who  w.is  eledeil  em- 
peror in  the  year  127^.  Chailes  IV.  at  the  diet  ol  Nu- 
lemburg,  in  1^56,  formed  the  whoklcme  legul.ations 
tor  the  tle.l  ion  ot  an  emperor,  which  .arc  to  this  day 
knovwi  and  obferved,  under  the  name  ol  the  (iolJei\ 
Bull,  m  the  year  1448  the  celebrated  Cvincordat,  be- 
tween the  empei>^>r  Frderiik  111.  and  certain  fpiriiual 
and  temporal  ellates  of  the  empire,  and  I'ope  Nicholas 
V.  were  lettled.  'I'his  emperor  was  duke  ot  Aullria; 
and  his  poik-rity,  notwithllanding  the  empire  is  elective, 
have  hid  tlieaddieis  to  continue  it  in  their  family  tor 
jco  ycais,  namely,  to  the  year  1740.  whc-n  thev  Icll  it 


'  only  lor  want  of  an   heir  mak    .     die  lannlv  ;  but  the 
Aulliiiii  family  aie  now  agu'n  in  podeiiion  of  it.     In 
the  reign  ot  the  emperor  Viederick  111.  the  court,  now 
c.Ued  the  Chamber  ot  Wctzlar,  was  eilab'ilhed,  and 
tlie  empire  wis  d,i\iied  into  10  circles,     lli'  luv-ce!K>r, 
I  Chailes  V.  tiriL  lAore  to  a  capitulation.     In   his  ti::ie 
Mexico  am!  I'cruwere  cuniiucrcd,  whcrebv  he  became 
poflelied  of  much  laiger  teiritoiiis,  and  more  riches, 
ih.in  anv  prinre  bttv-re  him  ever  er.ioyed.    His  brother 
I  Fcrdunaiid  tii  iblilli-d  the   A.ilic  Council.     It  was  in- 
I  lerted,  tiir  the  ilr'.l  ti:iie,  in  die  capitulation  ot  the  em- 
peioi  iMatiliiis,  g.a.itUcui  of  Ferdinand,  that   th.c  elec- 
tors. h;r  the  I  iture.  111 ould  be  entitled  10  e!ea   a  king 
of  the  Ro;!iu-.s,    .v;th  or  without  the  cor.lent  of  ilie 
cmpeior.     la   the  leign  of  Ferdinand  111.  an  end  was 
jHit  to  the  rcli^:,aju--.  wars  thu  began  in    tlie  reign  ot 
Charles  V.   in  conU'iiuuice  ' 'f  the  leloimation,    by  th.; 
treaty  of  \Ve;tph.dia.  _    In  the  rcign  of  his  ion  I  .eopold, 
the  iliet  of  the  empire  was  opeiievl  .it  Ratilbon,    in  the 
year  1 6 •53,  where  it  Ibll  e ontuuics ;  and  the  Imperi.il 
cham'ier  i.t  jui'.u.e  was  removed  from  Spire  to  Wet/- 
lir.     This  e:np'-ijr  conferred  on   I'.rneU-AuguiK-is,  01 
Biunlvvic  l-uneninirg,  the  ninth  electoral  dignity. 

The  empire  ot  (Icrmany  i-  eleciive  ;  and  the  law  -•! 
the  empire  do  not  require  that  the  emperor  Ihould  be 
of  any  paiticuLu  agi?,  naiion.  or  religion;  but  as  the 
I'ljoiih  are  more  in  number  than  the  Ihotcllant  ekc- 
loi'--,  a  Roman  Cadujllc  is  always  ele^.ed  to  the  Im- 
perial dii'.niiy.  11"^  emperors  uled  lormeilv  to  be 
crowned  by  the  popes,  till  the  rcign  of  Charles  V.  bui 
from  that  time  the  papal  coronation  lii'^  been  dilpeuled 
with..     However,  iinmedi  itclv  upon  his  entering  uiion 


any  p-.no 
his  eil.iie 


(K.R  M'lIV. 

in  rL-'4iiil  til  rili)iii)ii, 
ill  lilt   ll:ltc»  ll:lVi- DVCI" 

I  p.MtV  i»  <iMl^!;iil  to 
•I  ilicir  ii'liuum  111  ihcir 

II  p  iircll'ioii  ol  II  III  tliL' 
ii'lic  niiintric>  lifii',  ,is 
,  111  a  (;it:it   iiK.ilinc, 

I'Mt  in  liif  I'iDU  'lilt 

\  tlic  lovi'tL-ic',n,      I  he 

live  nuitii.ilU   aiiiinl, 

u  L.iitlicran  loril  nt  a 

il  iluircli,  or  t>l)t.iin  a 

tiT'j,  that  in  th.ii  c.ilc 

X  I'Mnili.'  i/l  ilicir  rtli- 

cliiirili  aii.i  Kliool-ilil'- 

whiitl'ocvcr. 

it  the  (i(.rm  ins  tlicrc 

tor  rc-ulinp,  crpci.i.illy 

■  aic  more  books  any 

1  :uiU!n';  tiic  (iiiin.irn, 

ill  cloivlv  iM  tliLir  Itu- 

1  cmuitiy  lo  pcncrally 

I'liniiMj^   IS  hi^!ilv  t:i- 

s  is  an  aiitluir.     They 

cr.     (irt'.it  luinihcri  ut 

i.illy  puhliilifdi  tiir  no 

ir  univLTliiic,  who  h,is 

U'cilial  pul)iii:;ition. 

till'  v.cllirn  cnipiu',  tiie 

mil     (  i.tlll,    wllilll   \V(IC| 

I  an  fiiipiiv  hy  Ch.irlc- 
Is  tiif  I'li'ncli  raif  were 
tiiini  anidiii;   the  Cici- 
it  hoiilc  ul  Aiillri.i  hc- 
^.  V, ho  was  tlcda!  cm- 
:s  IV.  at  the  ditt  ol  \u- 
whoUlunit;  reputations 
which  are  to  this  ilay 
ic  ii.inK-  ul  ilic  (lokicti 
chratcd  Concordat,  lic- 
III.  and  (iTtain  liMiiiiiil 
pill',  anil  I'opc  Nichcil.is 
\  was  (Inke  ol  Aiilhia  ; 
ngthc  empire  is  cleciive, 
Lie  it  in  their  t'aniily  tor 
17.4.0,  when  they  liil  it 
.    :he  lanii',> ;  but  iIil' 
I  in  polliiiion  ot  it.     In 
rick  III.  the  court,  now 
;ir,  was  til  ib'illied,  and 
)  cii'dt".     I'll'  lii'.'celliir, 
iitiil:ili>n.      In   his  ti:ne 
ixd,  whcieliv  he  hecaiiic 
toiii?,  and  nvrc  riches, 
IT  er.'oved.    His  hroiher 
lie  Ciiiincil.     It   vvas  in- 
:  capiiii!:it!-jn  ut  the  vni- 
irdmand,  th.it   tiic  tlcc- 
entitled  to  tleu   a  king 
lout  the  eoiileiK  of  the 
rd.inand  111.  an  cnil  was 
:  begin  in   ti'.e  reign  of 
the  leloi Illation,    by  tlij 
■eign  ot  his  ion  I  .eopold, 
lied  at  Ratilbon,    in  the 
nucs ;  and  tlic  lnijicri.il 
ed  tioni  Spire  to  Wet/ 
on   I j'nelt-.Aii;H)iK:5,   ui 
ill  eledoral  di;j,iiiiv. 
L-leciive;  am!  liie  laws  nt 
It  the  emjieror  Ihould  he 
01    relij;ion  ;   but  as  ihc 
;han   the  I'rmcltant  ekc- 
ways  c!eT:ed  to  the  Ini- 
irs    nl\\\  l.ji-nvilv  to   bo 
e  reign  of  Charles  V.  bui 
lation  h  '.'^  been  dilpenled 
V  upon  his  entering  upon 
ih- 


F.URtM'E.] 


r,  F.  R  M  A  Nf       n  M  P  I  R  F, 


toy 


the  Roveiiiincnt,  hr  tcllifici  lil*  vcncr.ition  to  the  pope 
by  an  cinbaliv.  The  title  ot  the  enipeior  riinsilius: 
"  N.  by  tlie  pract  ot  fiv.il,  tkvted  koiiian  eiiiperur ; 
at  all  tunes  .uigiiienier  or  die  ciTi[iire  in,  or  of,  ( icr- 
iiiain ,  king."  Then  loll  iw  the  titles  ot  the  hereditary 
Imperial  iloiiiinions.  The  ll  ites  ot  the  inipire  (',ive 
llie  emperor  the  title  ol  .Mod  lllulbious,  Moll  I'ow- 
crfiil,  .ind  Moll  Invincible  Rimi.iii  emperor ;  the  kill 
ot  winch  is  omitied  by  the  elecUns.  The  tiiiperiir  is 
looked  ii|H)n,  h\  all  othiT  cro\Mv.d  lic.idj  and  Hates 
"1  Kuiope,ns  the  tiril  luuopean  [loieniate,  and  as  Inch 
jireredenee  is  jj^iven  hiiii  and  his  ambillailors.  I  le  is 
the  liiprcnie  h.ead  of  the  ( iemian  tlii|'ne ;  but  Ins  power 
in  the  adminillraiioiuliei' ot  is  very  limited.  With  rc- 
Iptvt  to  ecclcliallual  matters,  I113  preiogative  conlills 
prim  ipallv  in  the  right  ot  the  liill  petition,  by  virtue 
ui  wliii.li,  ill  all  foiiiul.itions  and  il  liiiers  ot  the  ernpiie, 
lie  iii.iy,  onte  during  his  adminiOralion,  confer  .i  be- 
iielice  1.1  .mv  (.eilon  ipaahlieil  lor  it  by  the  llatutes; 
aii'.l  on  ihatot  a  panisbiicl  to  each  foundation  orcloil'- 
ttr  III  .  .  empiie,  liy  virtue  ot  wlucl;.  lucli  toundation 
ib  oi>liPy.d  t)  .idiiiit  into  u  the  perl m  who  has  obtained 
the  ciuperor's  bnct,  and  theie  pu'Vide  him,  ilimiig  lilc, 
with  all  iieccirarieii.  \\  itli  relpeci  totcuipu.al  matters, 
he  ca..  create  princes,  dukes,  maiquilks,  t  units,  ha- 
lons,  kniglits,  &c.  raile  countiits  and  territories  to  a 
higher  rank;  bellow  arms;  and  grint  letters  of  lelpite 
and  I  rotc>:tion,  kxuiing  .1  debtor  againll  his  creditor; 
tllablilli  iini'.eiluie-,  'lies,  r.iid  maikcts;  empower 
any  i->im'![i  to  .idopt  anoth.r,  and  to  allume  a  title  fiom 
his  ei'.i;e;  erect  any  I'laic  into  a  laiu-tiiaiy;  confer 
iu.i:o:iiy  on  niinois ;  kgitimaie  chiidien  born  out  of 
wtdloik;  conliim  the  i.".:trai;is  and  llipul.itions  ot  the 
members  of  the  euip;ie;  lemit  oaths  cxtuited  from 
them;  invell  Inch  as  poliels  litis  ot  the  empire,  and 
decide  in  feudal  matters  illative  thereto,  &c.  but  he 
cannot  gram  to  any  perloa  privileges  for  printing  par- 
ticular books,  for  new  invented  machines,  ,Scc.  I  Ic 
appoints  moll  of  the  oliictis,  civil  and  military,  ot 
t'.ie  tiapilt,  except  luch  as  arc  hereditary,  as  the  great 
c'li.incellor,  trealiiKr,  fs;t.  but  tlieleare  only  honoiaiv. 
Ill  ancient  times  the  emperor  had  tonlideiable  domains 
ia  the  cmpiie;  but  almoii  all  iliele  have  been  liiceel- 
lively  moitgagcd  and  alienited,  lo  tli.it  at  |iieleni  the 
cell  iJn  revenues  ot  the  emperor  cannot  be  al'certained  ; 
but  as  he  has  the  dilp'iial  of  moll  oliices,  the  creation 
of  pi  lilies  and  noblemen,  is  entitled  to  all  conlilcations 
and  lortcitures,  and  invtils  the  feveral  princes  in  their 
cllatcs,  befidts  thole  that  hold  liefs  ot  the  empire  in 
Italy,  the  protits  of  thel'e  ariidis  mull  aiiKiunt  to  a 
l.iiye  ii'n.  I  le  has  alio  lime  oll'erin'.;s  tioin  the  Jews, 
.:uA  i.ie  f'rec-gitis  ot  the  order  ot  knights  of  the  em- 
piie. A  liicceli'or  to  the  empire  is  lie'iiieiuly  cliclen 
li\  liie  ek\lo:s  duiiiig  the  lile  ot  die  enijieror,  who  is 
filled  king  ot  the  Romans.  Me  is  elected  and  crown- 
ed in  the  latne  manner  as  the  emperor,  i-.is  the  title  ot 
niaicllv,  :i;id  takes  precedence  of  all  other  kings  in 
ChrilltndiMU. 

The  diet  of  the  empire  conlills  ot  the  emperor,  nine 
ekotois,  compol.d  ol  eccleliallicaland  lecular  princes, 
.lad  depuii-:s  ot  Imperial  cities.    . 

The  electors  are  divided  into  Ijiiritual  and  tempor.il. 
The  Ipirii.ial  eleftois  are  tiiC  archbilliops  of  Trier.s 
Coliigne,  and  Mem/..  I'lie  reiii|)oral  electors  are  thole 
<jf  Hiv.uia,  I  lano'.  er.  Saxony,  Hrandenlurg,  Bohemia, 
and  the  elei'tor  I'al.ttine.  The  elector  ot  Mem/,  is  arch- 
chancellor  of  the  holy  Roman  empire  in  <  lermany,  and 
dircitor  of  the  elecioral  college. 

The  eledor  of  Tieves  is  .-irch-chancellor  of  the  holy 
Roman  empiie  in  krance. 

'i'he  elector  ut  Cologne  is  arch-chancellor  of  the  liuly 
R'iman  enipue  in  haly 

The  kingandtledtor  of  Bohemia,  is  arch-cup-bearer 
of  the  holy  Roman  empire,  and  precedes  all  the  other 
electors. 

The  eieiflor  of  Bavaria  is  arch- fewer  of  the  holy 
Rom.m  empire,  thceleAor  of  Saxony  is  aich-marlhal, 
and  the  ck:tor  of  Brandenburg  is  artli-thambcrlain. 
No.  74. 


The  tlivlor  I'alatinc  was  originally  arcii  fewer;  and 
liiite  the  iicaty  uf  Wellphaka  aicli-;ii  ilrrer.  But 
vdienilietlei-lorot  liavaii.i,  was  jnii  under  liie  ban  of  the 
etupiie  in  the  year  i;c^,  iheclci-for  ralatiiic  rtcovereil 
the  oliice  of  arch-kuer,  and  the  tlettor  of  Hanover 
ol  lained  iheotiitc  of  arth-titafurtr,  by  whiih  he  tlill 
lliks  hiintelt,  till  another  luitable  ,ireh  oliice  can  bo 
conferred  upon  liim.  Ne.xt  to  the  tlti'lon  arc  the 
primes  ot  the  empire,  wiio  .ire  partly  Ipiriiiial,  and 
patily  temporal.  I  he  fpirim.il  aie  arihl.iihop«,  bi- 
lli.ij".  abbots,  provolK,  abkellcs,  the  mailers  of  the 
Ttuionic  order  ol  St.  John,  ,^;i. 

Not  only  all  thole  pi  iiices  who  h.ive  Icats  and  Voices 
111  the  diet,  but  minv  others,  nie  veiieil  \wtli  great 
pouirs  in  die  leljuctive  territories;  but  they  aie  Hill 
lubitct  to  the  general  l.iws  of  the  empire,  and  Iviom 
not  to  engage  in  an\  uars  or  .alliances  to  the  preiudiee 
of  the  tm|itior.  The  Fianks,  m  iniit.ition  i  1  the 
Romans,  leduicd  all  (jermany  ui'o  I'lovinccs,  over 
vdiiiliiliev  placed  gnvrrnois  uith  dijieieir  rules.  They 
weie  generally  oi  nube  timihis,  and,  it  llieie  w.is  no 
maieiul  ob'iciion  .uv'inll  it,  tktir  Ions  wtre  appointed 
(o  luiieed  tliem;lioiii  whemetluk  governors  tame  at 
lengili  to  inlill  on  aiijlit  of  lucceeding  thtir  aiicellors, 
and  rcluftd  to  pay  homage  to  the  f  iernian  emperors, 
eveiy  one  taking  upon  him  to  exercile  legal  power  in 
his  province;  trom  whence  have  fpruiig  up  I.)  many 
petty  fovereigns  in  the  empire.  The  third  college  of 
the  diet  is  that  of  tlir  tree  or  imperial  cities,  1.  e.  Inch 
as  are  governed  by  magiilrates  ot  their  own,  and  Hands 
immediately  under  the  emperor  and  empire.  Some  of 
tliile  are  wliollv  Catholic,  others  entirely  Lutheran, 
anil  others  again  ot  a  mixed  itligion.  Wiihin  their 
leiiitory  they  extrcife  I'upreme  power,  and  are  divided 
into  two  benches,  the  Rheniih  and  Swabian.  As  the 
princes  ot  the  empire  took  advantage  of  the  neccdi. 
ties  or  indulgence  of  the  (jerman  emperors,  to  ertvr 
the  governments  thev  held,  in  capacity  of  viecrovs  or 
governois,  into  independent  principalities  and  Hates, 
lo  did  the  cities  no<v  called  iixc  aiiit  imperial.  The 
emi'dois,  tieip.iemlv  wanting  fupplies  of  ir'.ney  to 
i.ur\  on  wars,  or  tor  other  occalions,  borrowed  large 
luiiis  ot  the  wialthv  tr.uling  touns.  and  juid  tlitin 
aj'  nil  111  miinilicciu  grants  and  privileges,  making 
them  tiee  llates,  and  independent  of  the  governors  ot 
the  provinces  where  they  llood.  .'Vccordingly,  thele 
cities,  like  the  princes,  exercile  all  kinds  of  lovertign 
power  ihat  aie  coniillenc  with  the  general  laws  of  the 
empire.  They  make  laws,  conllitute  courts  of  iiiflicc, 
coin  moniy,  raife  forces,  and  enter  into  alliances  and 
confederacies;  only  acknowledging  the  emperor  for 
ihiir  fupieme  lord,  and  contributing  their  lliare  to- 
wards the  common  defence  ot  the  empiie.  The  die: 
niiets  at  Ratilbon  on  the  emperor'sluminons;  and  any 
of  the  princes  may  lend  their  deputies  thither  in  their 
llead.  The  diet  makes  laws,  railes  taxes,  determines 
dill'eiences  between  the  leveial  princes  ami  llate.",  and 
can  lelieve  I'ubieds  trom  the  opprelV.ons  ot  their  tb- 
veieign.  There  are  (wo  I'upreme  councils,  called  the 
.•\iilic  Council,  and  the  Chain;ier  ot  Wet/.ler.  !t  was 
leiiled  by  the  emperor  Charlts  V.  that  every  circle,  and 
Lveiv  prince  and  member  ot  each  circle,  Ihould  con- 
uilnite  towards  tl;e  ordinary  a:;d  extraordinary  taxes 
oftne  empire.  This  contiibution  was  entered  into  a 
b  10k  called  a  matriculation  book,  which  is  kept  by  the 
eleclor  of  Ment/..  By  the  matricula  twelve  florins 
were  to  be  [raid  monthly  in  lieuot  cvcrv  horleman,  and 
four  tor  every  foot  luldier.  Atterwaids  it  was  enacUd 
that  60  llorins  ihould  be  advanced  in  lieu  of  every  troop- 
er, and  12  foreveiy  toot  loliher. 

SECTION     VI. 
HISTORY     01-     (iERMAN\. 

TH  K  ancient  Ciermans  were  a  br.avc,  independent 
people,  and  peculiarly  diilinguilhed  by  their  love 
ot  liberty   and  arms.     Tdiey  oppoled  the  force  ot  the 
g  T  Roman 


'i;. ;'. 


il   1 


A  NTW,  ROYAl.  and  AllIirNTIC  SYSTI.M  of  I'NIVKi^SAL  GEOGRAPHY. 


"iV.:/l 


!^l:):i!!   }^ 


Roiii.ui  tiiijiiie  at  tlic  lu'isiht  nf  its   i;i.iiuk'i:i.     The 
toiHUiv  was  diviik\l  into  a    luiiuhorot   priiivipaliiics, 
iiulcpiiulciu  i)t  t,-:u:l>  ollici ;   liioui;!),  oiwiliouaily,  cnii- 
iic.  ti.vi  l.y  a  nuhiiry  iiiiii>:i,  tor  ili.t(.-niiiri.j,  thciiilclves 
a';aiiili  Inch  encmits  as  tiuciuntd  tlii:  Iruity  ot  tluni 
all.     At  Itngtli,  howivcr,  tl\c  Roaun  pow^'i'  prevailed 
i'\<.\  a  i^rcat  part  vi  Gtiniany,  and  it  wa.s  rtdiictil  to 
llictoiKlition  ot  a  proviiu-c-.      \\[\v:\  the  iiorthern  lur- 
baiiaub  hioki'  throu'f'Ji   the   Roman   barrier,  llcrmany 
\va>o\eiruii  by  the  I'rank-,  ai)''it  the  year  4S0,  and  a 
(.unrKlcralilc  pan  ct   ii  loii;j,  icniaincd  ni   lubicction  to 
tlie  L-hift  ot  that  nation,     in  ihi-  limaiion  it  coniinuicl 
troai  ilieabovciner.tioned  pniodtoihe  \ca:  800,  \vht.ii 
Cluilcuiagne,  or   Charles  the  Gieat  ot    l-r.ance,  was 
advanced   to  the  Imperial   throne  on  Ciuiibnas-dav. 
1  It  wa<  the  ion  ot  kiii^  l'e|iin,  and  lliccecilcd  hiiu   m 
liie  kingd.im  ot  l-'ianie  in  the  vear  768'.  when  J  )eli- 
ileruis,  kina  ot  L":n'>ardv,  polielieil  that  throne,  who, 
liavin.;  inliiiied  the  pope  and  elergv  ot  Ronic.  and  eoiu- 
ptiled  ihem  to  part  wiih  a  i;reat  dial  ot  that    power 
lhe\    had    iillirped,    Chailes  invaded   l-oiiiba:tly,  de- 
tested and  depoi'ed  IXliderius  ;  anil  golini;   alierwards 
to  Rome,  the  popi',  who  looked  upon  hini  as   his  de- 
liverer, declared  hiin  a  paintian,  a  title  equal  almofl 
to  tiiat  ot  emperor;    mvelbng  liim   with  aiithoiiiy  to 
conliini  tuture  p-opes  and  g,iant  die  Italian  biihon;  die 
invellituies  ot    iheir  lees;   alter  which  ihc  pope  l«ore 
allegianit  to  hint  upon  Si.  I'ctci's  tomb.     Chailes,  in 
utLirn,  j;a\e  the  pope  a  power  ot  eonlbiiiiing  (xarths, 
ur  governors  over  the  piovinces  ol  -Ancona,  Bologna, 
M.iiuiia,  Modcna,  I'aiiiia,  Ferrara,  &c. 

King  Cliailes  atteiw,;rds  made  a  conqiied  of  part  of 
Spuin,  of  die  nuiih  it  Citrmany,  then  denominated 
Saxony;  and  pope  Adii  in  dvmg,  Leo  111.  beinp,  elec- 
ted pope,  was  contiiir.id  'n  the  t.h.iir  by  Chailes  the 
Circat,  as  patrician  ol  Rcme;  and,  on  Chridnias-tlav, 
800,  ( .;  iietore  oblc.  \  ed, )  the  po-pe  and  lenate  ot  Rome 
conlcrrc  I  tlie  title  ot  Roman  emperor  on  king  Chaile"-, 
and  ciovned  hmi  in  liic  church  ot  St.  I'cter,  the 
people  tainting  him  emperor  at  ilic  lame  tune. 

Statues  of  the  emperor  were  let  up  in  inoft  of  the 
puljlic  places  n\  Rome;  bi  t  lie  thole,  however,  to  re- 
lidc  in  Cierman\,  and  l.ft  the  pope,  111  a  manner,  tio- 
vei  nor  ot  Italy;  ot  which  the  eiv.|ieror  had  the  title  ot 
kiiicr,  as  well  as  tint  of  Roman  '.aiperor.  lie  iniov- 
ed  thcie  honours  14  years,  dviiii;  anno,Si4,  ar  .\i.\-la- 
Cli.ipelle,  aiul  was  biiricil  there  in  a  f  hutch  Lc  had 
touniied  having  deligned  to  make  that  cuy  the  c  ipiial 
Lit  Ins  cmpiie. 

He  was  l..ccccded  by  his  ton  1  .ojowic,  or  I^euis, 
King  ot  Ai)ii.tuin,  tiiniamed  the  (  mdlv,  who  oidtitd 
the  lisUleto  l.'e  ua'itlated  into  die  Sa.Non  languas,'.-,  and 
to  be  di![  erie.l  among  ihe  conitnon  (;eople.  He  was 
an  unlo.'iunaic  prince,  all  his  ihree  t(jns  lebclling  .-,v;atnll 
him;  aiiij  haviT:g  taken  him  priloncr.  ihuthim  up  in  a 
monaliery,  Iroiii  wiieiue  his  tuhiecis  leltutd  him;  but 
while  he  was  u|ion  the  march  a<!,;uiill  Loih.aiius,  tut 
cldell,  he  died;  and  Lothaiiiis  tiii:cee;ic(i  hi;n.  •..•ho, 
attc-r  he  had  reigned  15  yeais,  abdicued  hi-,  th.one, 
and  lelided  in  a  nionatlerv  till  he  died,  aiul  wa-.  luc- 
cetded  liy  Ins  ton  Loilowic,  or  Lewis  II.  It  was  in 
tins  reign  th.'M  the  co'-irt  ot  Rom'.-  liril  atl'uniS'J  the 
po^.ver  ot  eleilini;  die  piipc  wlIho.l^  the  Icavi;  or  con- 
cunen'.e  ot  the  loveiei'^n.  ndmn  II.  ■.'.  .e- tne  liiiuh.it 
was  clioien  wuaoiitihe  emperoi's  licenie. 

In  the  reiun  ol  Lewii  111.  called  the  Grot"-,  JMni 
'.lis  coipiileiiLVi  the  Normans  invadin!»  l-Vance,  and 
IKiictritinj^  as  taiasl'iiis,  which  iheybehegcd,  ihev 
compelled  hini  to  conlinn  the  tluchv  of  Norm.mdv  to 
them,  whiih  they  h.id  pollelled  ihemklves  ol;  and 
Iiaving  done  lume  otiK-i  unp-jpulu  iitts,  he  w.is  depo- 
fed  by  his  liibjeiits,  who  placed  Arnolph  upon  the 
thioiie,  the  naiuial  |(jn  ot  the  ih.ike  ol  Havana;  to 
that  the  cmpiie  can  no  lonp^ei  be  (.(lecnierl  heicdiiary 
in  the  line  ot  Charlemaj^ne,  who  v  a-,  the  founder  of  it. 
Arnolph  being  opp  lUd  by  f  iuido  and  Berenc^aims,  to 
whom  the  city  ot  Rome  adhered,  he  deleaied  them, 
4iid  took  Rome  by  iLurn.     Lcwh  IV,  the  l.m  ot  At 


iiolp.li,  liiccecded  him  :  but  tlic  pope  llttint;  up  another 
Lewis  au,.unli  him  in  Italy,  cieateil  him  a  i!,reat  deal  c\ 
diliurbance  in  his  rei^n.  However,  his  Ion  Henry 
liKcecded,   bv  his  own  appointment  in  his  lad  will. 

Coiiradi.',  ilukeot  Iranconi.i,  was  next  adv.mced  to 
the  impel lal  throne  by  the  Cieiman  nobility.  He  op. 
poled  the  encroachments  of  the  pope,  defended  the  en. 
pile  a^aint'tthe  invalions  of  the  Hungarians,  ilied  attvr 
a  proliieroiis  leipn  of  17  years,  anil  was  luccceded  hv 
his  toll  Oiho,  who  oblip,ed  the  kinjz;  ot  Denmark  i.\ 
acknowlediic  his  dependence  (jii  the  empire,  and  admit 
Cliriltiaiiitv  into  hi--  kiiij!,do;;i.  1  Ic  fubd,i;c<|  the  kwri 
ot  Hoheir.ia  alio,  and  ['l.iiited  Chrilbanitv  in  that  kimj- 
dom.  On  the  other  hand,  hedepoled  pope  lolin  XII. 
advanced  Leo  VIII.  to  the  papal  chair,  and  decreed 
that  ti:;are  popes  Ihoidd  be  appointed  only  by  '!,,_• 
ellipeior, 

(.Jilio  111.  accnrdint;  to  {'omv  writers,  lirli  reiliued 
tlie  ivaubcr  otek:i;toii  to  t'even.  He  reigned  1;!  \cars, 
when  he  was  poiloned  bv  a  pair  ot  "loves,  his  concu. 
bme  eave  hini  tor  rctnlini»,  to  many  hir,  as  he  hail 
ptoauied.  Henrv,  duke  ot  Havana,  who  was  cholen 
emperor  by  the  electors,  anno  1002,  defeated  the 
S.iratens  in  Italy,  and  drove  them  out  ot  A,  ulia  ami 
Cafiiina. 

Henry  III.  detemlcd  the  empire  acainll  the  Bohe- 
mians and  Hunj;anans;  alter  wluch  he  went  into  Italy 
to  pacity  the  diliuihances  at  Rome,  ciccalioncd  b'  the 
Ictiing  up  ihiee  j-opes  at  once.  He  ilepoteil  them  all, 
and  advantetl  Clement  II.  to  the  pap.iUhair,  rcvivint 
the  decree,  "  'i  hat  every  pope  ibould  be  appointed  hy 
the  emperor." 

Hcr.'v  V.  on  the  other  liand,  was  compelled  hvthr 
popc  to  acknov.'ledge  his  fii|iiemacv,  and  renounce  his 
ntiht  to  the  invclhturc  ot  biihopncs. 

l-redcnc  Baibarolla  \va<.  to  dillrclied  bv  the  pone. 
;  that  he  lubmuied  to  let  his  holinel's  tread  upon  his 
!  neck. 

iTcderick  II.  wa-;  cxconimunicattd  by  three  pope?; 
but  at  length  dcjuik'd  (;ie(;oiv  1\'.  and  iluiinp,  tin;;- 
ccnteils  between  the  po[ses  ,ind  cmpcrnrs.  aiofe  tlnli- 
fvvo  tamoiis  ta.'tions  of  Guelphs  anil  Gibcllines,  uniler 
the  one  or  the  other  of  whiih  all  the  prmcc*  of  }'"urnpc 
were  enf.-.gcd  ;  theliili  adhering  to  the  popes,  and  tlie 
other  to  the  emperor. 

Atter  the  ilcatli  ot  Frederic  there  was  an  inicr-rc''- 
iium  ot  j.0  years,  lix  great  pri  ices  contending  for  the 
etiipire;  among  whom  was  RicIvmI,  earl  of  Cornva'.l, 
brother  to  Henry  HI.  Kinf.ot  ''.nakind;  and  HM,|.,',]ii, 
earl  of  Ha|  Iburg,  who, at  length,  obtaiiK-d  the  Impend 
dignity,  bv  the  content  of  all  the  ele.-iors,  ami  wis 
conlirmed  bv  the  popt".  He  fiill  o.i.:iL'onrd  the  ad- 
vancement or  the  .'\i:!trian  family,  by  creatini!;  his  fon 
Albert  archduke  ot  Aulria,  who  liicceed'.d  to  the 
empire  alter  Rodolph,  but  was  depoi'ed,  it  is  laid,  for 
tuhmitting  to  icrve  witli  his  tniops,  as  nii  icenaries, 
under  K.dward  I.  km;.;  of  faigluul,  againll  France. 

Albeit,  loll  ot  Ro.lolph  being  eiowned  enipeior, 
and  i.ontiimcd  by  the  pope,  made  liw  Ion  king  of  liu 
hetnia. 

Heniy,  earl  of  F.uxembuig,  was  iu-\t  t  l.cled,  but 
poilonc'<l  I1V  a  monk. 

Chaik-s  IV.  in  1,147,  'i"!  inditorcd  ihe  GoKlcp  Mill, 
containing  the  rues  ;uid  ceremonies  to  be  obili  ved  .11 
the  eltctioii  of  an  emperor. 

Sigilinond,  Kini;  of  Huni'arv  and  Hohcmia,  ws 
unaiumoiiflv  tici'led  emperor;  in  whole  reign  joliii 
Hill'',  and  Jerome  of  I'lague,  ilil'puting  the  pope's  au- 
thority, and  bciii-'.  lummonrd  to  appear  at  the  Coun  1 
ot  Conllincc,  were  buint  for  heretics  then,  notwiih- 
llanding  they  h.ul  the  emperor's  late  condii-i  tor  tluir 
re'uiii. 

I'ft'deriik  IV.  duke  of  Auftiia,  being  unanimoufly 
eleiitcd,  married  1  .eonora,  daughter  of  Alplionlo,  kiiv; 
of  l'omi;^.il.  He  reigned  5Jyi.:irs,  luing  loii'.'jer  th  i'' 
any  emperor  had  reigned  hi  tote  him. 

Maximilian,  his  lon,riii  ceeded  him,  hiving  bei"' 
elected  kin;^;  iil  the  Rcimans  anno  I4S.J;  and  mariieil 


OCRAPHV. 

lopekttiniiup  another 

ttil  liiin  a  [ric.it  ileal  ui 

•vi'vcr,    ins  ion    I  Icnry 

H-nt  in  his  lait  will. 

was  ncxr  adv.inccil  to 

lun  niibiluv.    I  Ic  op. 

pnpf,  ilcti'iul.ihliccm- 

lliingarianv,  thai  attvr 

and  was  fiicccalcij   hy 

kini;  ot   JXnm.uk  i.\ 

tiu;  cmpiic,  ami  ailnr.r 

1  le  luUliiul  flic  kiiv 

irillianitv  in  tiiat  kinij- 

cpt)l(cl  pope  John  Xll. 

pal  chair,  and   decictj 

ppointcd    only    liy    tli,,- 

writers,   (irfl  rcdtKn! 

He  reigned  iH  years, 

ir  ol  oloves,  his  eoncu- 

niaiiy  her,   as  he  h.ad 

ivana,  wiio  was  cholcn 

)    1002,    dctcatcd    the 

licai  out  ot  A,  ulia  atul 

ipirr  apainll  the  liohe- 
liii-h  lie  went  into  Italv 
iin'c,  occalioned  li<  the 
He  depol'ed  iheni  all, 
u-  papal  I  hair,  icvivir.T 
ihoiild  be  appi>iiited  liy 

I,  was  compeilcd  hv  ihr 
inacv,  and  renounce  his 

p'.ICS. 

diltrcfli-d  hv  tin-  pone, 
liolincls  trcati  upon  Ins 

nicattd  hy  three  popes; 
V    l\'.  and  diiiinp^  the!" 

I  emperors,  arolc  fholi' 
15  anil  Ciibfllines,  under 
ill  the  princes  ot  Fairopc 
ng  CO  the  p'lpcs,  and  the 

there  was  an  intcr-rcg- 
"iccs  conicndmii  for  the 
th-.,d,  Ctrl  ot  Cornva'.l, 
'ni'J.ind;  and  R..,!..',]'!), 
h,  obiaiiu-'.i  the  ln)pei:.il 

II  the  ck\"lii;s,  and  w  !s 
til II  oitalioiit-d  the  ad- 

lily,  hv  creating  his  Ta 
who  liiccecded    to  the 

5  depoled,  it  is  laid,  Ui 
tioops,  as  nicict-naries, 

land,  ai'.iinll  I'r.uKC. 

cinp,   ciouned  enipenir, 

uule  lci>  l.;n  kinp  i|  liu 

',,  was  lH■^l  il-iied,  hwt 

(litiitcd  the  f  l.ildcii  Hi  11, 
iiniiii.'^  to  be  ol.luved  .ii 

arv  and  Hohcmia,  vs 
;  in  whole  reipn  jolm 
dilpniinn;  the  popeV  a'l- 
to  ajip.ear  at  the  Couii.  1 
heretics  ilicrc,  iiotwiiii- 
's  late  condiki  tor  ilair 

^ia,  bein;.;  unanimoudy 
i|j,hter  of  .'\lp!ioiil<i,  kin? 
yi  ir-;,  beiii;;  hll^rer  llri'' 
c  him. 

L'ded   him,    liivinp;  !'«'•> 

iiHK)  14K1J;  and  married 

M.ii", 


EURorr..] 


C  F.  R  M  AN      E  ?vl  P  I  R  F,. 


8if 


Mary  the  dauf;hltr  and  heir.l.s  of  Clni'es,  ihike  of 
Burgundy,  wlieichy  he  became  entitlcil  to  all  the  do- 
minions 01  that  h ou'v. 

Chailis  \'.  his  grandion,  was  elejie.l  e::;per-ir  anno 
1511),  after  an  iiiter-re;<,iuiiii  ol  lixinoiitlis,  havini;becn 
oppol'cd  hv  Francis  1.  kiliji  ot  hrance,  his  compctiloi. 
He  caulcii  Luihor's  doctiin;"  1.1  be  ondeinned  by  the 
diet  (;f  the  empire,  whiih  the  Lutherans  protcltini?, 
ap,ainil,  obtained  the  dcnomiiMtiuii  of  I'rotclbint?. 
This  i)rince  was  victorious  id  more  than  30  battles  in 
pcd'on.  The  pope  and  French  kini;were  his  pril'oners  at 
the  lime  time.  I  le  hibducd  the  I'roteltant  jirinces,  who 
li.ul  tormed  the  Smalcddit  l'-ap,ue  againit  him,  took  the 
cltolor  of  Saxony  an.l  the  prince  ot  Fleli'e  prilone:  > 
deteated  the  'Fuiks,  and  railed  the  lie!j,e  of  Vienna; 
and  in  his  reisrii  great  part  of  Smith  .-Vmeiica  was  fiib- 
dued.  He  wa-i  l"oveitij>n  ot  the  Philippine  lllands  111 
Alia,  of  part  of  the  coall  of  Barbary  in  Africa,  ol 
Spain,  Germany,  and  the  grcatell  part  ot  Italy  and  the 
Netherlands;  and  alter  a  reign  of  3S  years,  ii.liti,nul 
the  I'.iipue,  and  his  hereditary  dominions  on  tli!.-  lidc 
ot  (ictmany,  to  his  bro'.lier  Feidinand ;  and  Spain, 
Italy,  the  Netherlands,  Anierica,i!ie  Philiiipines  and 
the  rell  of  his  territories  belonging  to  ih-  crown  ot 
Spain,  to  his  Ion  Philip  II.  aliei  uhich  he  ixiiied  into 
a  convent  in  Spam,  where  he  dici.1  about  two  years 
alter. 

Ferdinand!,  v.-as  uiiani'.iioullv  elected  emperor  on 
the  relionation  ot  Ins  brother  Charlo.  He  rei'jrned  in 
pe.itctill  his  death,  which  happened  in  the  ye.ir  I5'J4. 
Hib  Ion  .Maxiniiiian  rucrceded  him.  B'>th  ihelel.iil 
emperors  wcie  lemaikablc  tor  their  indulF,ence  to  the 
Protellants. 

Rodo'.ph  tiiccccded  his  father  Maxi.nilian,  and  w.is 
.1  very  li  irned  prince. 

He  was  luceeeiled  in  the  empire  by  Matthias,  under 
whom  the  retoimcrs,   called  Lutheians  and  Calvinilts, 
were  fo  much  divided  among  tlumielves,  as  to  threaten 
the  empire  with  a  civil  war.     ^^ltthias  dying  in    161S, 
was  luccceded  by  his  coulin  h'erdinan;!  11.  b'.;r  di;-  Ho- 
liemians  oti'ered  their  crown  to  Frederick,  the  elcnor 
Palatine,  the  molt  powerful  Proiedant  prince  in  (k-- 
iiiany,  and  !on-in-lawto  his  llritannic  majeily,  J.;it;cs  1. 
This  prince  was  fo  incautious  as  to  accept  the  crown; 
but  he  loll  it,  being  entirely  defeated   by  the  duke  of 
Havana,  and  the    Imperial   generah,  at  tli.   Iiattle  ot 
!'i:U!,uc;  and  he  wasallodeprived  ot  his  own  ele\!lorate. 
Irrdinand  made  fucli  ule  of  his  advantages  obtrjned 
over  the   Pidtcllanis,  that  ihev  tormed  a  Irefli    cnnle- 
ileracy  at  Leiptic,  of  which   the  celebiated  fiut>avu.s 
Ailol|)luis  wa;  at  the  head.  I'Vidinand  II.  died  in  \l<]y, 
ivA  uas  Imci  ceded  oy  liis  Ion  Fcidin.md  111.  who  died 
in  if)57,  and  was  lucceeded  by  the  empeior  I  .copold, 
aiii!,id  and   not  vc-y  fortunate  prince.     He   had  tun 
oieai  pov. en,  to  contend  with.  Fiance  in  the  nr.e  tide, 
.ind  the  Turks  on  the  other,  and  was  a  loler  in  his  n  u 
with  bo'h.     I'rancc  took   iVom  him    Allace;  and  th.e 
Turks   uonld  have   t.tken  Vienna,  had    not  the  liepe 
been  railed  b\  John  Sobielici,  king  of  Poland.   Prime 
F,u^;cne,  ot  Savo\,  was  a   younn    adventurer  in  arms 
about  the  year    ifH>7,  and  being  one  ot   the  Imperial 
generals,  nitve  the  Tutks  the  liilt  check  in   Hungarv; 
and,   by   the  peace  ot  C.'arlowitz.    Tranlylvania   was 
ceded  to  the  emperor,     [..eopokl,  howivci,  could  nor 
have  wiihltood  the  power  ol  h'lance,  luid  not  the  prince 
ot  OiaiiL'e,  afterwards  king  W'llliint  III.  ot  Kniiland, 
l.iid  the  loundition  of  the  grand  contederacy  againlliho 
I  rench  power,  which  overturned  all  their  machination^. 
The  Hungariaiis,  leneilv  encouiaiHxl  by  the  I'Vench, 
and  exafperaied  by  the  tyranny  ot  I  .copold,  were  liill 
in   arms  under  the  [irotccUon  ot  the    Tuiks,  when  thr.t 
pi  nice  died  in  1705. 

This  emperor  being  very  ill  lerved  by  prince  I  .ewi^ 
of  lladen,  the  general  of  the  empire,  the  !•  rench  |iaitb 
iccoveied  their  all.iirs,  notwithlhindmg  thiir  repeated 
ileteats.  'I'he  duke  of  Mailborough,  though  lie  ob- 
tained very  l[>leiidiil  vicfories,  hail  not  all  the  f'uci  els 
he  expected,  or  dclerved.      Joleph  hinlclf  was  lul- 


pec'le  lof  adei'P.n  10  luhvcrt  the  liberrirs  of  (Icrnmnv: 
and  it  w.as  evident  from  his  conduct,  that  he  expecled 
the  l'ai;ililh  Ihould  take  the  labounnT  lur  in  the  wai 
whi.-li  v.a-  cinied  on  cliutly  on  his  .'ccuunr.  He  died 
oi  the  1  null-pox  in  1-1 1,  before  he  h.ui  reduced  the 
Hungarians,  and  w.is  lucceeded  by  Charles,  king  ot' 
Spam,  who  leaving  that  kingdom,  and  arriving\ac 
Frankfort,  wa^  eiecttil  on  the  izth  of  Oaober,  171 1. 

When  the  peace  of  Uticclii  took  place  in  1713, 
Charles  atfiill  indicated  a  detign  to  C'litmue  the  w,;:  ,■ 
but  loon  linding  himleif  unable,  no\w  he  was  fori'akcti 
by  the  i'.nglilh,  cuncb.Kk-d  a  peace  with  hrance  at  Ua- 
den.  111  171.1,  that  he  might  .attenil  the  iiiogiels  ot  the 
links  in  Hungarv,  where  tliiv  received  a  toi.il  deteai 
liom  prince  l.ugene,  at  the  battle  ol  Peterwaraden. 
Ih'.y  leccivtd  another  ot  eipial  importance  from  the 
lame  tienjial,  in  1717,  before  Belgrade,  which  Icll . 
into  the  hands  of  the  ImpcnaliiU;  and  next  year  the 
peace  of  Paii'.uowit/.,  bttwtca  thctii  and  the  Turks, 
was  concluded. 

'I  he  emperor  bcinirnow  at  peace  both  with  Chrillian^ 
.111.1  Tuik:,,  prcvaihd  on  the  llatcb  ol  the  kingdom  of 
Huiigiiy  to  p.ils  an  act  lor  litthng  the  fuccellion  of 
ili.it  crown  upon  his  female  illiie,  accuding  to  their 
leiiioiity,  which  Was  dtJiie  on  the  2 2d  ol  June,  1722. 
Hiis  is  wli.ii  has  ficqucntiy  been  termed  in  the  (jer- 
man  hiHoiy  t!ie  "  Pragmatic  Sancl ion,"  and  has  given 
life  to  fcvetal  liil'putis  and  contention'.  I  lis  next  care 
was  to  promote  the  trade  ol  his  lubiuis.  I  le  incoipo- 
r.ited  a  company  of  merchants,  therefore,  at  Oileiid, 
to  tr.idc  to  the  lull  and. Well  Indies  and  Atrica, 
which  tl'.e  Dutch  pretended  to  be  much  alarmed  at,  and 
preknted  feveral  mtmori.ds  tothe  emperor  on  this  iub- 
jed,  declaring  it  to  be  a  breach  of  the  treaty  of  Mun- 
iter,  and  oilier  treaties  tor  the  inhabitants  of  the  Spa- 
nilh  Netherlands  (now  Aullrian)  to  tr.tde  to  the  Kall- 
Indiesi  charging  the  emperor  with  ingratitude  in  en- 
croaching on  their  trade,  when  they  had,  at  a  va(l  ex- 
pcnce,  conquered  to  mnnv  conlidcrahle  countries  fl  r 
iiim  in  th.-  Lite  war,  with  which  the  emperor  was  rather 


to  alter  his   condiu'l,  levei.ii 
■■y  the  Oltendeis  for  the  Eatl- 


.  provoked   than  movcc 
1  ihips  being  fitted  out 
;   India  trade. 

;  There  having  been  a  coiigixi's  at  Cambray  to  co.m- 
'  pofe  ihe  remaining  diltereticcs  between  tlic  princes  of 
F.uiope.  the  cniperor  and  Sp.iin,  wearied  with  the  de- 
'  lavs  ot  the  I'Vench,  who  took  upon  them  the  otiicc  of 
mediatois  and  fenicd  to  take  a  pride  in  carrying  the 
miniltcrs  >'i  tlu  contending  powers  trom  place  to  place, 
as  tint  Court  rcmovi'd,  thought  lit  to  nccimmodarc 
mattei.;  tiiemlclves,  withoui  commuiiicaiuig  tiie  leims 
to  any  fi'icign  jiower.  Pjy  this  tieaty,  ligi.ed  uii  the 
30th  ot  April,  i:'25,  the  emperoi  acknou  Icdged  I'lii- 
hp,  duke  of  An'iou,  king  ot  all  the  Spanilli  dominio.is 
in  his  poireffion,  conlhmed  Saplinia  tothe  duke  of 
Savoy,  and  ceded  the  reverhon  of  the  duchies  of  Tul- 
cany,  I'arma,  and  Pin  cntia,  to  l).)n  Ca;lo=,  prince 
of  .'spain,  at'ter  the  death  ot  the  nigiiing  [irincrs;  but: 
it  was  expielslv  provided  diat  no  forces  fliould  bo 
lent  thither  during  the  live   ofilic  reigning  prnucs. 

KiniT  Philip,  on  the  other  li.iml,  C(\:ed  to  his  Ion, 
DonCailos,  his  tciiitiines  on  the  roilt  of 'Tulcany; 
and  agreed  th.it  none  ot  die  F.ihan  dominions  IliouKl 
ever  be  polllHed  by  any  piince  v.ha  ihould  fuccccd  to 
the  crown  ot  Spain  :  and  king  Philip  renounced,  in  fa- 
vour ol  his  Impel ial  maiilly,  all  rights  and  pretcnllonn 
to  the  Spanilh  doininiof.s  in  Italy,  Sirily,  Flandeis, 
01  cirewlicre,  in  the  pollell'ion  of  his  Iinperial  mi-.iclly; 
and  both  Charles  and  Philip  were  vo  llile  themlilves 
kings  of  Spain  duriiv,  iheir  rclpei' ivc  lives.  This  v.ms 
called  the  \ienna  'Treaty.  A  treaty  ot  conviieii  e  .iil'> 
ua-concludrd  between  the  fame  patties,  Miy  1.  1-J5, 
in  whi' h  Spun  agiced  that  the  emiirioi\  lub'O'Ms 
llvHild  eniov  ihc  lamr  privileges  in  Spain  as  i!k-  moll 
l.iv  lured  naiicns,  and  paiticuhidv  ihatihev  might  dil- 
pofe  of  the  I'.all- India  tiu'rchandi/e,  which  ihould  be 
til  ought  over  hv  the  Ollend  hull- India  company,  \n 
Spain.     'The  ciiipciin    alio  cT.teied  iiiuj  alliances,  ot- 

'cniix; 


:  !■  F 


.Si2  A  NFAV,  ROYAI,  anp  AUTUF.NTIC  SVSTF.M   of  UNIVERSAL  rirOGRAPITY. 


\        ! 


'.mS 


(I  , 


tcniivc  aiul  tlctcnlivc,  wit'.i  RnlFii  and  I'ol.iin',  and 
itlxr  pii'Aci^  were  invi'.al  10  accede  tt)  it.  I  iu' em- 
j-eror  all.)  ik^hircd  Trieile,  on  tlie  t;i'lp''i  ^'t  ^'euite,  a 
lice  piiit. 

The  nuiitime  power?,  efpccially  ihe  Duuli,  appre- 
hending ilieie  were  lonie  I'ecrct  articles  in  the  Vieiini 
ireat\.  iluit  would  be  jirejudiciid  to  their  cominercc  in 
other  pan-  ot'li-.e  world,  as  well  as  in  the  I'all-lndies, 
conelinlcd  a  irc.itv  with  I'lanceanil  I'nilli.i,  Si'|neiuber 
3,  172;,  whereby  they 'guaranteed  each  utliers  domi- 
nions, "and  their  refpec'tive  rights  and  privileges  in 
trade,  and  agreed,  that  it  any  encro.ichincnts  were  made 
upon  them,  they  would  ali'ul  each  other  w  iili  their 
force-,  to  obtain' latisladion  of  the  parties  to  the  Vi- 
enna treaty  ;  and  this  alliance  being  concluded  at  Han- 
over, obtained  the  name  of  the  Hanover  treaty.  The 
kin;-  of  (ircat  Britain  and  Pir.lfia  hirther  aiiieed,  that 
in  cafe  of  an  otlenilve  u-ar,  they  v.ould  not  turnilli  their 
conij'lement  of  tiMops  to  the  empire  againtl  I-rance; 
and  if  they  IliouKl  be  compelled  to  it,  thcv  would  lur- 
nilh  as  many  forces  to  ailill  I'rance,  a^  their  comple- 
ment amounted  to. 

The  colli t  of  Vienna  being  acqtiainted  with  this 
treaty,  made  many  fevere  reflections  upon  it ;  and  it 
was  reported,  at  the  lame  court,  that  the  Hritifli  am- 
liiir.uloi,  atConilantinople,  endeavoured  to  excite  the 
Twrks  to  invide  the  empire.  To  difcover  the  tiuth 
■.»!.,-uof,  orders  were  lent  to  all  the  Imperial  generals 
and  olhcers  on  the  frontiers  ot  Tuikey,  to  let  nobotly 
ji.ls  without  giving  notice  thereot  to  the  court  ot  Vi- 
eniia;  and  a  Brintli  courier  being  (topped  in  purliiance 
o!  ihole  orde.s,  king  (ieorgc  complaincil  of  11  as  a 
bleach  ot  tlie  law  of  nations;  though  the  courier  was 
releafcd  on  ililcovering  the  badge  ot  an  Fngliih  inel- 
ll'ngcr,  and  delivering  a  letter  trom  the  Imperial  rdi- 
dent  at  the  I'orte,  by  whom  he  was  to  I'tiied  ;  and  the 
Impenalills  inlillcii  that  they  had  uuich  more  realon  to 
complain  that  fucli  negociations  were  carrying  on  to 
dilhirb  their  peace,  than  the  king  ol  Cireat  Britain  had 
lor  apprehending  his  meli'en.;er. 

Whatever  truth  there  mi^ht  be  in  tliefc  fuggellions, 
the  Germans  were  to  much  out  ot  temper  with  the  court 
of  fireat  Britain  at  this  ti:nc,  that  an  Imperial  edict 
pafled,  to  prohibit  the  importation  ot  luiglilli  manu- 
factures, or  Kalt-lndia  goodj,  from  Lr,i?,ianil ;  and  the 
Spaniards,  who  were  now  become  the  allie-ot  Vienna, 
aliuut  the  lame  time  laid  liege  to  (jibraltar,  to  which 
thcv  were  jirovoked  by  the  court  ot  (jie.it  Britain's 
lending  afquadron  of  men  ot  war,  under 'he  cn'iiinacil 
oi  admiral  hlofier,  to  block  u|)  I'ortoL  lO,  and  pre- 
vent tlie  Spanilli  galleons  coining  ii  Europe.  I  low- 
ever,  a  treaty  of  pacilication  being  let  on  toot  between 
the  allies  of  \  lenna,  and  tluife  of  1  lanovec,  the  ful- 
luwing  year,  it  wa.^  agreed,  that  the  liege  ot  Giiiialiar 
Ihould  be  railed,  the  Oitend  tr.ide  to  India  llioiild  be 
I'ulpcndcd,  and  the  Biitilh  Iquadrons  be  v.  itlidiawn 
fiom  I'ortoBello,  and  the  coalis  ot  Old  Spain  ;  which 
ticaty  wasllgned  the  ;jill  ol  May,  17^7. 

By  akiblcquent  treaty,  made  .at  Seville,  anno  1728, 
L'.-ts\een  Great  Britain  and  .Spain,  the  toi met  agreed 
to  aliill  in  tranlpoiting  6000  S[)aniards  to  Tukany,  to 
ieciire  the  eventual  1  iccefiion  ot  Don  Cailos  to  that 
d'.cy  and  I'arma;  to  which  treaty  both  the  liencli  and 
I  )jti.h  ai  ceded. 

1  lie  article  lor  introilucing  Spanifli  forces  int  1  Italy, 
during  the  lives  uf  the  duke  ot  Tiifcany  and  I'arma, 
alarming  the  emperor,  he  proitlled  againll  it,  and  or- 
dered a  (jieat  body  of  his  forces  to  march  into  Italy  in 
the  year  i;:o,  to  prevent  its  being  put  in  execution, 
which  occilioned  the  tiaiilpoiiaiion  ot  thole  forces  to  be 
put  oil' for  the  pieleiit  ;  but  Sir  Cliailes  Wajjer,  with  a 
Briiilli  IqiLidion,  loiniiig  the  Spanilli  llect,  anno  17^1, 
t'jnvoyed  6000  .S|\iiiilli  loice.  to  Leghuin,  coiiipellini', 
the  then  reigning  duke,  and  the  euipeior,  lu  fubmu 
to  that  aiticle  :  though  the  emperor  leprefeiited,  tint 
the  introdiicmg  thele  Spanilli  forces  would  endanger 
the  lots  of  all  his  Italian  dominions.  Howevci,  both 
the  Kn(;lil]i  and  Ditch  guauntteiin;  the  pollelhoM  ot  ' 


all  his  Italian  domiiiion-,  to  him,  he  acquiefced  in  what 
he  couid  n.i!  well  avoid  ;  nor  was  he  much  millakeii 
in  Ins  conjecture-,  for  the  l-icmh,  under  pretence 
that  the  emperor  had  alfilleil  in  .idvanring  the  elector 
ol  Saxony  to  thethi.me  of  I'nianil,  to  the  jire)  dice  ot 
king  Staniduis,  his  father-in-law,  entered  into  a  con- 
tcdeiary  with  the  kings  of  Spain  and  .Sardinia,  and  at 
once  invaded  both  his  Italian  aiul  (icrman  dominions. 
Thcv  made  themfelves  mailers  of  toit  Khcil,  oppoliteto 
Stralburg,  and  belieged  I'hiliplburg,  beloie  u  huh  town 
the  duke  of  Berwick,  general  "of  the  luenih,  was 
killed  in  the  trenches.  However,  the  Aultrians  not 
being  able  to  relieve  it,  the  place  furrendercd. 

The  armic'  of  the  Spanianls,  and  their  allies,  met 
with  llili  greater  luccefs  in  Italy;  for  tl;e  maritime 
powers,  who  had  guaranteed  the  emperor's  lienditary 
doniiiiions  1.1  Italy  to  him,  refuting  to  lentl  hun  any 
afTillance,  '  is  forces  were  driven  out  ot  Naples,  Sicily, 
the  .Miianeie,  and  all  the  icll  ufhis  Itiilian  dominions, 
except  the  City  of  Mantua;  whereupon  he  formed  a 
peace  with  the  allies  on  the  bell  terms  he  could. 

The  Biitilh  court  were  much  reflected  on,  for  fuf- 
tering  the  em|)eror's  territories  in  Italy  to  be  thus  toia 
liomliiiii.  which  they  had  guafiueed;  bi.t  the  Dutch, 
who  li.ad  done  the  lame,  con.enting  to  a  neutrality  m 
1- landers,  it  would  have  been  highly  impolitic,  alter 
that,  toi  the  I'.iiglilh  to  have  taken  thewlmle  builhen 
of  that  war  upon  themlelvcs.  Thele  terms  weie  agreed 
Jii  by  way  ot  pieliminanes,  in  the  year  1735;  and,  in 
the  year  1737,  the  emperor  found  himfelf  oliliged  to 
engage  ui  another  war  agamll  the  'I'uik-,  in  which  the 
Rulii.ii.s  bore  a  conlideiable  part  and  were  fiiccclt-lul, 
for  fume  time,  on  their  tide.  The  Impcriahlls  all'o, 
commanded  by  count  Seckcndoif,  took  the  citv  of 
Nilla,  in  Seivia;  but  ''is  was  lonn  retaken  by  the 
Turks  ;  and  afterwards  Media  and  Oil'^vo  ;  which  the 
court  of  \ienna  al'cribing  to  the  lU-condiifl  or  cow- 
ardice of  their  geneials  and  ollicers,  count  Seckendorf 
wasimpriloiied,  the  governor  of  Nilla,  general  Donat, 
loll  his  head,  and  the  duke  of  Loirain  took  upon  him 
the  command  of  the  Imperial  arm\  ;  but  toon  after  le- 
turned  to  court,  being  taken  ill  of  a  fever. 

'Ihe  ve.it  lollouingthe  Tuiks  invelled  Belgrade; 
and  the  emperor  at  tins  time,  entc-tained  liicli  a  con- 
fidence in  the  tiieiulihipof  the  grar.d  monarch,  that  he 
trulled  bin.  to  ncgociaie  a  peace  fur  him  w  ith  the  giand 
leignior;  by  whicli  treaty  it  was  agreed,  that  the  em- 
peior  iliould  weld  up  all  Servia,  with  the  capital  citv 
of  Belgrade,  to  the  Tuiks,  the  foiiitications  beinj,  liril 
d.miijiilied  ;  and  the  Save  and  the  Danube  ma  le  the 
boundary  of  the  Aullrian  dominions  on  the  lo'ith  ;  ihe 
river  Alauta,  and  the  Iron-Gate  mountains  on  the  call ; 
ami  the  livei  L'nna,  in  Bofnia,  on  the  well. 

Soon  after  the  demile  ot  tlie  empeior  Charles 
\  1.  ir.  1/4.0,  the  kiL'g  of  I'runi.i,  with  ,1  powerful 
army,  cnteied  antl  cotujuered  Silelia,  which  he  al- 
ledged  liad  been  wri)ngfully  difmembcrcd  from  hi* 
family.  'Ihe  king  of  .Spain,  and  the  ekCtor  of  B.ivaii.t, 
preferred  their  relpective  claims  to  that  country,  ami 
in  this  thcv  were  jomctl  by  h'ratice,  though  diiectly  in 
comp.uible  With  a  fiiimer  agreement. 

After  a  conliileiable  time  had  eiapl'ed,  the  Imperial 
throne  was  Idled  up  bv  the  elector  ot  Bavaiia,  who  al- 
lumedihe  tale  utGhaiks  V  II.  in  January,  174.;.  The 
lieiuii  po'iied  tlieir  .irmies  into  Bohemia,  where  ihcy 
t'.ok  I'l.iguc;  and  tiie  queen  of  Hungaiy,  from  politic 
views,  cetkd  to  tile  I'lUliian  monarch  the  niofl  valuable 
pan  of  the  iludiv  ol  Silelia  by  a  foimal  tieaiy.  Km- 
l).uialk'd  on  all  fides,  the  unfortunate  queen,  as  th.e 
LU;  relouri  e,  iIuca'  herlelf  into  the  arms  of  the  lliiii- 
gaiiaii-,  who  though  not  w\ll  all'ecied  to  the  houl'e  I'l 
.Aullii.i,  diccl.iied  iinaiilmoufly  in  liei  favour.  Succets 
crowned  her  arms;  the  brench  weie  diiven  out  ot  Bu- 
liemia  ;  and  his  Bi  itannic  iniijilly,  George  II.  at  the 
head  of  an  Knglilli  ami  Hanovei  1,111  army,  gained  the 
battle  (jf  Deiiingen  in  1743. 

'I'he  emperor  was  at  this  time  (i)  liiciimllaiu  ed, 
flirough  the  loli'cs  lie  li.id  lullaincd  111  divcis  encountiis, 

that 


nmm 


)uRAriTY. 

(.■  aciiuitlVcil  ill  \vli;it 

■i  lie  iinicli   millakiii 

11  !i,    uiulff  prrtctiLf 

>lv.inriiig  ilic  ckctui 

,    to  tllC  jUfj   (iici-  oi 

tiiitii.ll   into  .1  (.aii- 

aiul  SarJimi,  ami  at 

( iiriiiaii  iluiniir.Dii?. 

oit  Kln.il,  oppoliii.-  to 

;,  lu'loic  uliii  h  touu 

ot  ilic  I'lciu  li,  was 

;.'r,  the-  Auiliiaii.-.  iiuc 

kirrciHlcrcd. 

and  tlicii  allies,  met 

,' ;     for  ll'.e    maritiiin- 

(.:!', pc'ior's  licKililary 

ing  to  Icml  I'.iin  any 

)i:t  ot  Naples,  Sicily, 

lis  Italian  dominions, 

.■rcupon  he   t'oinial  a 

ernis  he  could. 

rifkvtcd  on,  ibr  I'ut- 

1  Italy  to  be  thus  toiri 

need;  1)1. t  the  Dutch, 

in;j;  to  a  neutralit)  in 

i^ihly   iiiipoliiic,  attei- 

en   the  wliole  Liuithcii 

cl'.-  terms  weic  agiced 

le  year  1735;  ami,  in 

nd  himl'elt  o!)li<^ed  to 

'I'liik'-',  in  which  the 

I  and   were  iMCcelrliil, 

'he    Inipeiiahlls  alio, 

loll,  took  the  city  ot 

loon  retaken    by  the 

id  Oilbvo  ;   which  the 

ic  ill-conduft  or  cow- 

trs,  count  Sctkendoit 

NiUa,  general  Doiiat, 

01  rain   took  upon  hiiii 

iiv  ;  but  loon  aiter  le- 

)t  a  t'ever. 

.s    invellcd   Belgrade; 

ntevtained  lutli  a  coa- 

rand  monarch,  that  he 

for  him  with  the  ^^raiu'i 

ag,rectl,  that  the  em- 

with  tlie  capital  citv 

jWiticatitins  beiui;  liiil 

the  Danube  inaa-  the 

ions  on  the  Id'./.Ii  ;    the 

iiouiit.un.-- 1  a  liie  call ; 

111  the  well. 

tlie    eaipeior  Cliaihs 

Ilia,  with   a    powtrliil 

Silelia,  which    he    al- 

liucmbercd    tmiii    hi* 

the  elector  ot  Havaii.i, 

to  that  country,  ami 

;e,  though  duvet ly  in 

Kilt. 

tiapfeii,  the  Imperial 
or  ut  Bavaiia,  who  al- 
1  January,  174.:.  The 
iiolicmia,  wlieic  they 
1  luiip,aiy,  from  politic 
larch  ilie  moll  valuable 
a  loimal  iieaty.  laii- 
jitiiiiate  ipii-eii,  as  th.e 
the  aims  of  the  I  luii- 
llciled  to  the  houle  ol 
I  hei  favour.  Siiccels 
iveic  iliivtn  out  ot  Ho- 
lly, deOij^e  II.  at  the 
liaii  army,  ^viiiied  ihc 

line  (i)  liicunillaiued, 

d  111  diVLls  tncouiiteis, 

that 


EUROPE.] 


O  K  R  M  A  ^J      r,  M  P  I  R  C. 


81J 


^ 


that  he  was  ililpnied  n  an  arcommodaiion  with  the 
queon  ot  Hungu V  almoll  upon  her  own  terms  :  but 
llie  would  not  lilUn  to  any  propofals,  tirniili  coiilb- 
niiit  to  the  ai'viee  and  opinion  ot  his  Hiitaiiiii  ■  tna- 
|clly,  ler  only  fiithlul  allv.  This  pcrverfe  conducl  in 
the  iiueen  all'orded  tli.'  kin^  oi  I'ruliia  a  pretence  lor 
inva(hni>  Bohcmii,  upon  the  principle  oi  l'ii]iporting 
the  lm|ierial  dignity  ;  but  hi'  cHiirts  not  iieinn;  attentletl 
with  the  liiccels  expected,  heaiMndoaed  I'ome  parts 
(if  the  kin'i,dom  will,  h  he  liatl  taken,  and  retired  10 
Silefii.  Soon  a'ter  this  the  emperor  Charles  \il. 
j).>id  the  debt  of  nature,  in  the  year  1745;  ami  the 
duke  ol  Lorraiii,  then  grand-duke  of  Tulcany,  lon- 
fbrt  to  her  Huiv^viri  in  majelly,  alter  furmountingfome 
diliiciiliies,  alceniled  the  Imperial  throne,  accoreliaj;to 
the  uliial  mod>;  o'  election,  umk-r  the  title  oi  P'ranris  1. 

The  delignsof  the  emprels-ciueen  againll  tlie  kill'.':  ot' 
I'ruiha  were  frulhatc<l  liy  the  ill-luecels  of  the  allied 
arm\',  and  paiti'ularly  the  lol'^  ol  the  batik  ot  I'onte- 
iiov.  A  lerieso'  events  ibllowed  rel'pcdiiigtheoperaiions 
of  the  eonteiiduii^  powers  ot  I'-tirope ;  ami  it  maybe 
I  ud,  upon  a  review  o!  the  whole,  th.it  the  war  continaetl 
in  the  Low  (ountries  with  variotis  fortune,  though 
chleliv  to  the  <lil"advanta[^eof  the  Atillriansand  Dutch, 
nil  terminated  bv  the  treaty  liirned  .at  Aix-li-Chapellc, 
in  April,  i7+!<.  I'vihi  treaty  the  king  o-  I'ruliia  one- 
more  o  itaintd  poU'eihon  oi  Silelia. 

In  the  year  175^'  a  uelli  war  was  kindled  in  the  em- 
pire. 'I  he  kinL",  o'  i'ruliia,  lulp-cliiuj;  a  dcli.',n  lormetl 
between  the  cmprrfs-qujen,  the  empiefs  ot  RulTia,  and 
the  kiiiu;  oi  Poland,  as  elector  ot  Saxonv,  unn.ituially 
alietted  by  France,  toilrip  him  of  his  dominions,  the 
tormer  monarch,  in  conlequencc,  dedared  agaiiill  the 
.admiliion  of  the  Ruliians  into  Germany,  as  did  his 
Hritanai  maielU' aj^aiiiil  that  ot  the  I''r  ncli.  Hpon 
this  pnii  iple  an  entire  re.oneiliation  was  efleded  be- 
tween thole  monar'.hs,  who  prolcnited,  in  coniimclion, 
a  war  more  turious  than  ever.  The  Pruliian  hero  ai- 
ihieveil  prodigies  of  valour,  thou<i,li  loaietimes  moll 
vii'oroully  prelf.d  I'V  the  enemv.  M  uiy  capital  en- 
couiiters  took  pla/e  in  (iermaiiy,  b 'tween  the  l''i'en.  h, 
wh')  were  ilriveii  out  of  Hanover,  and  the  L',n  ;lilli,  or 
ih.  ir  allies.  The  at.  hievemcnts  were  valiant,  but  not 
o!  pte.ii  importaii  c,  becaule  they  were  not  tle^ilive, 
thoU)>li  attended  with  great  lol .  o!  blood  and  tiealuie 


to  Great  Hntain.  The  kin^  of  PrufiKi,  n'Tv.-it!i!l:uui- 
ing  his  (^reai  military  Ikill  and  uiiparallelled  lortitiide, 
was,  at  len;j,th,  iieirly  overpowered  by  the  Kufliins, 
wholuul  taken  Herlin,  ami  were  leceivint^  daily  lucli 
leintorcemenisas  threatened  ttu  completion  ot  his  ruin, 
when  tlleemprcl'^  ot  Rullla,  his  moll tormidable enemy, 
paid  ih'jdebi  of  iialuie,  the  51I1  of  January,  17O2. 

George  II.  having  rcligiied  his  lite  and  crown  on  tin; 
25th  of  O.'tober,  1760.  tlie  miaillry  of  his  luc^ellbr, 
(ieoige  III.  were  dilpolld  to  put  an  end  to  the  war  ; 
and  the  new  em[)eror  o!  Rutin  re.  ailed  his  armies. 
M.uters  were  .at  length  finally  fettled  by  th.e  tre-.ity  of 
1  lul  ertlburg,  in  1763,  l-.y  which  the  poli'ellion  of 
Silefia  wa<  again  fcciiied  to  the  kinj;  of  Pniiln. 

On  the  demife  of  the  emperor  Fran. is  1.  in  1765, 
his  Ion  Jol'epli  I'uccecded  to  the'-Impenal  throne.  1  le 
evinced,  loon  alter  his  accelTion,  great  talents  for  go- 
vertiiuent,  and  joinetl  in  the  d.ifmemnermeiit  ot  Po- 
l.ii'il  with  RulTia  ami  Prullli.  llolliliiies  altcrward-j 
commenced  i>etween  Aiillria  ami  Pniilia,  on  a..(ouiit: 
ot  the  liiccefTion  to  the  electorate  ol  IJavaria.  Great 
arm  inients  were  lirought  into  the  lield,  but  nothing  ot 
importance  was  done,  as  an  accommodation  took  place. 

The  emperor  then  fvirnetl  his  thoughts  to  the  pro- 
nioiion  of  the  happiiiels  oi  I;::  fubiects ;  in  order  to 
cH'cct  which  he  iiranted  a  moil  lilieral  religious  tole- 
raii m;  and  aiiolillicd,  iiy  edict,  in  17S3,  the  remains 
ot  lervitude  and  villanage,  as  alio  the  ule  ot  t.Mture, 
as  Well  as  removed  many  grievances  under  which  the 
common  people  lalioured.  1  le  i-;  a  lover  of  literature, 
a  patronizer  o:  learned  men,  and  appear^  to  poii'el--  4 
foul  worthv  of  his  very  elevated  llation. 

As  tlie  llimes  of  war  are  unhappily  broke  out  be- 
tween the  Turks,  RulTiaiis  and  Imperialiils,  and  .1:! 
there  is  caulc  to  apprehend,  from  tae  great  hollile 
preparations,  a  bloody  campaign  will  lollow,  the 
reatler  will  be  ]irelented,  at  the  dole  of  this  woik,  l.iy 
way  ot  lupplement,  with  a  detail  ot  everv  important: 
event  tliat  may  take  jilice  concerning  ii,  as  tli.v  will 
all  )  wiilieveiv  material  incident  that  may  occur,  with 
relpei  I  to  political  alFaits,  in  other  plrI^  of  the  world  ;  io 
that  in  contormi;y  to  our  plan,  welhall  not  only  prefcnc 
the  public  with  a  Cotupleie  Syllem  of  (Jeography,  buc 
alio  a  concil'e  I  lillory  of  the  moll  dilUnguilheil  king- 
eloms  in  the  known  world,  tothelatell  period  ot  our  work. 


C     II     A     P 


X. 


B       O       H       E       M       1       A. 


Tnr^  '  nuntry,  called,  in  (icrm.m,  Roiheim,  and 
loiiujitedlc  Bolimen,  obtained  its  n.inic  from 
iheBoii,  its  ancient  inha'-itants,  who  were  a  tribe  oi 
tlie  Celtx.  that  retired  into  the  I  lyr.  am  in  h'or  1;  (^whicli 
run'.  thr.ui;',li  ihi-  country)  in  ortler  to  avuid  the  pci- 
lec'irioii>  of  the  Roman''.  It  is  bounded  on  the  e.ill 
bv  Poland;  on  tlie  well  by  the  palatinate  oi'  B.ivaria, 
with  part  o,  Sixiinv;  on  the  north  by  Lulati.i ;  and  on 
the  foiilh  by  Aullria.  It  is  about  300  mil  s  111  length, 
from  iio'tli  to  louili,  aiul  2  •50  irom  call  to  .>iil.  It  is 
divided  into  two  parts,  .Bohemia  Piop  r,  and  the  Mar- 
quil.ite  of  M  irivia.  .'\s  ea  ii  of  tliel'e  divilions  has 
I'liiicthing  peculi  ir,  cither  in  die  produce  ot  the  coiin- 
trv,  or  the  niMir-  o'  tlu  inh.ibitatii  ,  wc  Ihall  defcribc 
litem  I'lparatel}'. 


S 


C    P  I  O  N'     I. 


B  O  II  1',  M  I   A      P  R  O  P  1:  R. 

Bf  )1  IP.MIA  Proper  is  bounded  on  the  call  by  Mo- 
i.ivia  anil  Silvli.i,  on  the  well  iy  Bivaria,  on  the 
n.Jtih  I  y  Lulatia,  and  1111  the  f.uith  by  Aullria.     It  is 
abuiii  tyo  miles  in  Kin^ih,  Itoiu  tall  to  well,  and  i.p 
No.  74. 


in  breadth,  from  north  to  foutli.  It  is  almoll;  ftii- 
roiinded  with  mountains  and  woods;  in  the  tornier  ot 
wlii  li  are  mines  o\'  gold,  lilver,  copper,  tin,  iron,  lead, 
fulphtir,  and  nine.  Here  are  liktwile  abundan.e  ot 
carbuiv  les,  emeralds,  ainethylls,  jafpers,  fapphires, 
crvil.ils,  and  other  precious  llones,  nioil  ot  wlucii  arc: 
purchafed  by  the  Jews,  and  exportcil  into  forei^ti 
put*. 

The  cliiinte  of  Bohcaii.i  i-.  latlier  unwholclbmc,  ow- 
iiiii;,  as  it  i~  fuppoled,  chiellv  to  the  large  tli^k  woods 
With  whi  h  it  cibounds.  The  foil  is,  in  general,  tole- 
r.ibly  fertile,  being  well  w.iteieel  \  i'h  rivers,  partiiu- 
laily  the  I'.lbc,  the  Moldaw,  or  Muldaw,  the  Is.'ia, 
(Xlcr,  \  illui'i,  Teyn,  and  Igla.  It  proi!-;  es  gre.it 
plenty  ol  corn  and  millet;  as  alio  abundan.  e  of  hop,, 
laliroa,  ginger,  red  wines,  llax,  wood,  and  timli'.r. 
'I'he  inli  ibitaiits  have  exi  client  pailurage;  and,  belidei 
cutle  and  llieep,  breed  great  numbers  ci  tine  liorlc, 
which  .ire  ( liieliy  purclnled  for  the  ule  ol  the  I'Ven.  h. 
I'lie  woods  abound  with  various  kinds  ot  g.ime,  as  alio 
feveral  forts  ol  wild  bealls  the  moll  rciiiaikalile  of 
which  are  bears,  lynxes,  wolve-^,  tbxes,  martens,  badg- 
eis,  beavers,  and  otter i. 


V. 


This 


li 


1(4         A  NEW.  ROYAI,  and  ArT[TF,NTIC  SYSTF.M   or  UNIVTRSAL  <~F.OGRAPin' 


» i 


This  lountiv  .ilf.i  proJui.-."  tcrr;i  fi'j,ilhti,  or  Icilnl 
cirth,  Mol«.-ovy-t!,l.ir-,  lior.c,  pit-Ci):il,  aliii:ii.  vitiioln 
w:mr,  m.irlilc,  niiinr;\l  xvauis,  and  hot  I  iih'^.  'llic 
rivcis  procUicc  vaiious  kiiu'.s  ot  '.■xcflkiii  lilli ;  aiiil  in 
Ionic  of  them  :ii'c  toim  I  gold  iluth  I  Icre  were  formerly 
gre^it  numbers  of  iiilt  pits  :  Init  the  woikin;;  ot  them 
not  antweriiig  theexpenee,  they  h.ivc  licen  lome  time 
laid  afule  ;  and  tlie  country  is  lupphed  v,  uh  that  article 
I'rom  Mifnia,  anil  other  places. 

Bohemia  Proper  is  divi.'.ed  mto  12  circles,  or  pro- 
vinces, cxckilivc  of  Piasjue,  ami  the  tcrntorv  of 
Kgra,  or  Eger.  Before  we  tike  notice  ot  tlie  towns  in 
tlie  other  cnclcs,  we  llull  dc'lcribc  the  cty  of  Pra2,tie, 
which  IS  not  only  the  piinciixtl  place  in  this  tlivilion, 
but  alio  the  capitalcif  the  whole  kingdom  of  Bohemia. 

The  citv  of  Prague  is  I'ltmted  in  14  deir.  40  min. 
eatl  long,  and  50  deji;.  r,  mm.  noith  l.ir.  \\  hen  the 
Bohemims  firil  I'ettled  liere  tb.ev  called  it  Boihoh.fim, 
as  being  the  capital  of  the  kini'dom.  It  was  atttiwarila 
called,  by  the  Sc!avonians  Prague,  \\hich  name  it 
lias  ever  lince  pnlirveil.  It  is  l.tiiated  in  a  p'eafant 
and  fViiitfiil  C'untiv,  in  the  mi-'li  ot  i!,artUns  and  line 
iiclil«,  and  is  iurronnded  with  magniiii  ent  palaces  be- 
longing to  the  nobility  and  gentry.  It  is.ilnnitiz 
miles  in  circumference  ;  and  is  watered  by  the  river 
Maldaw,  which  ri.ns  through  the  ]ii  incipal  part  of  the 
citv.  The  houies  are  cliietiy  built  ot  llone,  and  confilf, 
for  the  molt  part,  ot  thice  llories.  Here  aie  near  100 
churches  ami  c'lipel^,  and  about  40  cloiiters,  bclide-9 
Ivn.igogne^  t':r  the  je^s.  Tlie  C'hrillian  inhabitants 
arc  romp'.. ted  to  lie  70,000,  and  the  jews  about 
12,000. 

Prague  compreliends  three  towns  the  Old,  the 
New,  and  the  Inciter  Town.  The  Old  To.vn,  which 
is  as  large  ;;s  the  other  two,  is  very  populous,  the 
homes  uniformly  built,  and  well  inh.ibited.  1  lere 
IS  an  univerliiy  ahc  only  one  in  Bohemia)  wliali  was 
founded  bv  the  emperor  Charles  1\'.  in  thevear  IJ5H. 
It  h.is  itill  a  great  number  of  ihidents,  tho'  very  in!e- 
rior  to  whit  it  tormcrlv  contained.  1  lere  arc  alio  levtral 
monalteries  and  colleges;  ot  the  latter  ot  which  theie 
is  .1  very  magnilicent  one  near  the  bruh^e,  that  for- 
merly belonged  to  the  leluits  and  was  tountleil  by  the 
emperor  l-crdinand  lor  an  hundred  of  that  order. 
Great  numbers  of  Jews  live  in  this  ipiaitei,  from 
■.\l'.e:;ce  it  is  called  by  lome  Judenli.tnt,  or  jews 
To.vii,  Thele  pe  iple  I'.ave  aim  ill  the  whole  trade  of 
llieuiy  in  their  u^wi  h.uul^.  'liu-v  deal  in  every  kind 
ctcoiiimodity,  elpecially  the  pieei  jus  llonts  luund  in 
the  Biiluaiian  mines. 

Tl'.e  Ne\\  Town  is  In  f.ir  the  bell  built  nt  tiie  tluee 
and  the  itiects  longer  and  much  more  l[\icio::s,  I  lere 
a'C  the  rums  of  the  jialatc  of  ihe'r  ancient  kin^■; 
iikewife  a  \ery  haiullomc  eolkgc  that  furmeilv  be- 
longed to  ilie  jelviils,  over  the  eiitiaiicc  ol  vvhieii  are 
i{  llatiics  ut  men,  as  large  as  lite;  and  are  maiie  ot 
none,  uliM..' qual'ity  islutlias  tu  icremble  biat-.  A 
Imall  tortrtb  was  lome  yeai^  ago  buiit  lor  the  kcuiity  ' 
L'f  tliis  part  ot  the  city.  It  is  a  neat  buildir.^,  and  has  | 
tampaits  well  |iiovided  with  cannon.  | 

The  i^eiler  To.vn  Is  p.lcalantly  lituated  on  the  welkin  ' 
i.de  ot  the  MoMaw,  and  communicatrs  v.  itli  the  Old 
To.'. n  by  meaas  ot  a  bridge,  which  1^  one  ot  tlie 
largeil  and  moii  lubliaiitial  111  luirope.  It  iahiIlIs  oI 
24  ai^hes,  is  1700  feet  in  lengili,  and  {5  lu  bn-.idih. 
it  has  a  magnilitent  e  ite  at  each  end,  and  ihe  li'.lcv  l4 
it  are  decoiated  with  leveial  Ibttues  of  lainl'.  P:o,,l 
this  town  lies  on  a  rii'iiig  giouiid,  the  lumiiui  ot  v.l.ieii 
IS  tailed  Ratlchin-1  bli;  and  the  llieets  and  buil.liii|j^s 
that  lurround  itlorm  amjthei  pait,  which  isdr.linguidud 
by  the  name  ot  I'pr*-"'  Piague.  On  this  I,  ut  are 
many  elegant  builhngs  bel'ni-ing  to  the  nobility  ;  and 
here  the  emperor  has  a  n^annilicent  palace,  with  a  luni- 
lucr-lioulc,  wliieh  allbrds  one  ot  the  molt  beautiful 
prolpects  in  the  univeile.  The  halls,  galleries,  and 
other  apartments,  ate  adoii.ed  wuh  a  prodigious  num- 
ber of  paintings,  e.Keiuted  by  the  bell  liiaileis. 
The  ^;i eat   hall  whcic   the  c  jro;iation  Icall   ii  kfpi,  li 


deemed,  exchilivt  of  th.at  ar  Weifminller,  the  larked 
in  I'.uropc.  In  this  part  ot  the  city  is  -i  vcrv  h.indloinc 
and  Ipacious  cathedral,  calletl  St.  \elt,  which  cuntairs 
m.'.ny  ancient  monuments  and  magnificcnr  tombs- 
erected  to  the  memories  cif  lome  ot  the  moll  dillin- 
giiilhed  perliinagcs  of  this  kingdom.  The  original 
editice  was  dellroyed  by  the  Sweilcs  in  164.S.  Amontr 
the  remains  of  great  men  interred  in  this  c.ithedial 
are  two  taints,  St.  W'encellaus  (the  founder  of  the 
cathedral,  who  was  king  of  Bohemia')  and  his  wife's 
confeli'or,  St.  John  of  Ncpomuck,  who,  bccauic  he 
would  not  ihlcover  her  contellions  to  her  iealous  hul- 
banil,  was,  by  hisorilcr,  thrown  from  the  bridge  into 
the  Mokiaw.  He  was  aiter.vards  canoni/.ed  at  Rome 
by  pope  llenedi^Jt  XIII.  in  tli."  vear  1721,  at  there- 
ijuetl  and  expenceof  the  emprefs,  and  of  the  ifates  nf 
the  kingdom,  (irc.it  numbers  of  people,  fiom  a'l 
part^;,  rclort  to  the  Ihrine  ot  this  taint;  and  liis  torn!', 
which  is  adorned  with  a  rah  lanopv.  is  loaded  wnh 
the  moll  vah.aiilc  preienf.  Thi  laint  is  .at  pretcnt 
held  in  inch  veneration  in  Bohem.a,  that  thcKi.no 
thur.  h  wlicie  he  b.as  not  a  chapel,  no  piil)lic  building 
without  hisettigy^and  l>arcc  any  pcilon  to  be  teen  «ho 
has  not  his  picture  han'j,ing  bctore  them,  like  the  badpe 
otanordsr,  to  a  llraw-colour.d  rib.  on.  Jlic  tlatuc 
ot  him  in  1  lals,  a->  large  as  the  he,  is  crcfled  on  tiie 
I  rid;  e  near  the  Ipot  lioin  whine,  he  was  ilnown  into 
the  river. 

At  lome  dillancc  from  the  cathedral  are  two  fumptii- 
ous  palaces,  boih  of  whiih  have  elegant  ami  extenlivc 
gardens.  One  ot  them  belongs  to  the  family  ''f  count 
Coloiedo,  and  the  other  to  that  of  count  Wallenllein. 
The  latter  is  the  largefl  and  moll  magniliccnt.  The 
hall  is  h.tty  and  Ipacious,  and  the  ganlens  large  and 
bcautitul.  On  one  IkIc  of  them  is  an  aviary  encloled 
with  trees;  and  on  the  other  are  large  liable- of  curious 
architti^iluie.  The  r.acks  are  n.ade  of  fbel,  and  the 
mangers  ot  marble,  widi  a  maible  pillar  Ictwccn  ca.h 
tlall  ;  and  over  every  manger  is  tin-  [iiCture  of  the  horle 
it  belongs  to,  as  lai  ge  as  the  lite. 

Thetown-houle,  which  is  a  verv  beautiful  (hiKlure, 
i'  fituated  in  a  Ipacious  Iqiiarc,  and  has  a  noble  clock, 
with  a  great  varici ,  ot  motions.  It  is  a  uni:orm  1  uild- 
ing  ;  and  the  principal  loom,  which  is  eleganilv  linilli- 
ed,  is  oinaiiKiitcd  with  the  picture  of  the  cmp.rors  of 
Cierm.-.ny,  and  the  kings  ot  Bohemia. 

The  market- pl.ice  conlills  ot  one  large  and  Ipacious 
llicit,  where  a  n;arket,  oriather  tair,  is  kept  every  I'ly 
in  the  Week.  In  or.e  part  of  it  is  a  large  llone  column, 
on  the  t!,;!  oi  u'lich  i>  the  llatue  ot  the  N'iigin  Mary 
in  '.mIi  l-ril,-;  and  .;;  the  comers  a:e  lour  .'.ng.l-,  e.i  h 
01  uin  li  hold-  the  li.niie  ot  a  de\il  in  ch.uns.  Near 
this  column  is  an  antkjue  toun'ainol  airious  uorkman- 
lliip,  Ijaving  1.'  U.'".!^.  Theb.iiimi  otr.d  marble;  and 
in  die  ctntie  is  a  liguie  '..n  a  ped.ellal,  round  «hii  h  arc 
cnguuei)  the  12  I.l'Hs  ottlie  /odiac. 

Tiiecallle  llan.i;.  on  Katlchin-llill,  oth-rwifc  called 
the  \\  hue  Muuus.un.  It  i-.  a  regulai  tortrel",  and  al- 
u-i\s  pio\  ided  wKti  a  iiioiig  gariiloti.  On  the  lame 
.;.  -oiuaiii  l!aiids.il;..  tiu-  arcfiiepiicopal  palate. 

J  iie  iniialiuaiit-' ci!  I'laguc  .lie,  in  ^er.eial,  pior, 
and  llicir  (iio[),  meanly  hiriullieil  ;  m.'' <.Mdiil,iiiding 
.'.inch,  tli'.ie  are  Ic  v  »  uics  where  the  noiiduy  and  gen- 
ii v  aie  more  wcaliuv,   and  liv    111  gieater  ll.iti .      1  [eit- 


^1-  lii'.r  h  gaming,   iiMkjueiadini'., 


ii.ai',in;i,  ,1 


all. 


\U  An  I'ahaii 


lid   Viiy 


in  lullrc- 
livjlieiiii.iii 
re  exp.oi;- 


are 


al.o 


L'l  I'^it'l     .     (Vtl.    ,      *>4-.  II     Mil     ■luit'.ii     *))'ilii. 

II. I  pun.,  ipil  ti.iliic  ot  this  cii\  conliil 
and  ilii.-iking-glalie  ,  v. hull  .i:c  mail.-  c. 
>  iNii.d,  and  lo  gei-.cially  ell c.  im .1.  that  tl,<  v 
id  io  moll  pans  01  l'.uio[!e.  'll.de  ciji;.a 
|i,liihed  i  y  the  Jew  ,  wlnj  turn  them  to  go./d  ai  co'.ii-: 
l.y  lewini'  them  ri  ring-,  i  ai-[  ciidaiit  ,  and  llur;- 
but'on.. 

The  tiihiiiials  ol' the  regency  mctt   a:  the  cmpi.ro;'< 
palace   to  execute   all   public    bul.iiel     rtl.iiive  toii' 
kiiigd"in.      Ih;  line;  ol  thee  iiiijiinals  confll    oi  11 
lladt holders,  at  I  Ik,  head  of  v^  hoin  i',  ihe  great  bin  grave, 
j;ovtiiioi  yl  ihw  kii;|j,d(-ni  ;-iid   ciii'S,  ('.vlio  ij  uniuedi- 

ac'iv 


174!,  til 
llornud 
..f  Bavar 
Bohemia 
(ome  mr 
ik-lhllc 
carry  wi 
ning  ol 
horfe, 
gartiloii 
Lobkou 
the  tp.i 
nila. 
tid'-Tab' 
tlro\'ci 
Aultri.i 
lix  da\ : 
But  the 
reign  ; 
ol   [iriui 
gariifo:' 
lliade 
repull 
The 
from  1 
PragU' 
the  will 
rock,  ; 
bcmia 


■.Or.RAPin*. 

clhTimtliT,   the  hunjcil 

t\  1^  i  vciv  li.iiullonie 

\  •:{'•„  which  contains 

I  ni.ij'.nificcnr  toiiih';, 
c  ot  die  moll  (lilUn- 
■.'.'.loin.  The  original 
<l(.^  in  1648.  Anionu; 
irc(i    ill  iliis  caihfihal 

(the   fo'.iticlcr  of  the 

i:cini  il  and  hi5  wife's 

•.I-;,  who,  litcaule   he 

n^  [.1   licr  jealous  hul- 

Uuin  the  l)rii.lpe  into 

Is  canoni/.eil  at  Rome 

vear   1721,  at  the  ic- 

Is,  anil  ot  the  iKues  of 

ox   people,  fiom   a' I 

s  lamt ;  ami  hi';  toni!i, 

inopv,   is  lo.idij  wiih 

hi     iamt  is  at   preknt 

em. a,  that   thei.  1.  no 

I,   no  piii)lic  Iniililing 

pcrton  to  he  Icen  who 

re  them,  like  the  badpe 

I  rib'  on.      Mic  llatiie 

he,  is  crv'ificd  on  ilie 

C'.  he  was  thvown   into 

ludral  are  two  fimiptii- 
elcgant  and  extenllvc 
to  the  family  r-i  count 
of  count  Wallenilein. 

II  magnificent.  The 
I  the  i.';arJens  large  and 
n  is  an  aviary  encloled 

ai'ce  liaMe-of  curious 

r.-.ade  of  fhel,  and  the 

iile  jiillar  between  ca.h 

till-  picture  oi  tile  lioric 

vcw  beautiful  fh-ikTuie, 
ar.l  has  a  noble  clock, 

It  is  a  uniionn  i  uild- 
hich  is  ele;j.aniiy  linilh- 
ture  ul  the  tiup-rors  ol 
lemia. 

one  latj^c  and  Ipacious 
•  fur,  is  kept  every  i'  ly 
is  a  l.iri^e  llnne  C(>hiuui, 
.tue  ot  the  \'ii  .'.in  Mary 
s  a:e  lour  I'.r.v,.  I-,  v.i  h 
ile\  il  in  chaais.  Ncai 
tin  oi  lurioiis  woikman- 
im  i  o!  r. d  marble;  nn,i 
lelbil,  ruuTid  whii  h  aie 
liac. 

i-}-lii!,  othcrwife  called 
rei^ula:  tiatref ,  and  :il- 
ariiluii.  On  the  lauie 
:nl'-opal  paiace. 
ait,  in  t^etieial,  pior, 
Ihcd  ;  noiwidiil.indinc; 
e  the  noiiihiy  and  pen- 
in  ^uT.l'.r  liati .  1  11  II 
lU',,  nailing,  and  vuy 
.p.cia. 

ciiy  ronfils  in  lullie" 
.:(•  imxi'.r  (.:.  Hoheini.iiJ 
Lil.iha!  till  V  :;;e  expi-ii- 
J  l.clc  i.ji.al  are  aho 
1  them  to  ^u.<d  iU  co\ii.. 
r-pciiilaiu  ,    and    iLir;  ■ 

;  UK!. I  at  the  cniji.. r^^;  < 
buliiicl  relative  to  u;'. 
tiibunais  cciufll  ot  li 
iiii  isihe  vjlM  1)111 ''lave, 
c'l'.i'b,  (nvIio  i'  imn.edi- 
.I'cly 


EUROPE.] 


n    O    IT    E    M    I    A 


Sm 


i 


ately  under  the  ompcror,)  and  the  thancrry  uf  liohe- 
iiiia. 

The  inhabitants  of  Prague  enioy  many  ancient  pri- 
vileges. Amoiijj;  the  charters  by  which  thel'e  aie  held, 
there  is  a  retiurkable  one  prcfcrvcd  in  one  of  the 
chutchi  ■:.  It  was  quanted  by  A!:xaiuU'r  theCireat; 
and  as  it  is  one  of  the  oldell  records  in  Kurope,  and 
conlequently  a  great  cuiiolitv,  vve  111  ill,  t.ir  the  enter- 
tainment of  the  reader,  pieleive  a  tranflation  oi  it.  It 
is  as  tol!ij\vs:  "  We,  Alexander  the  Great,  fin  ot 
king  I'hilip,  founder  ot  the  (irecian  empire,  governor 
of  the  1' -rlians,  Mcdes,  &c.  and  of  the  whole  world 
from  eall  to  well,  and  fiom  north  toiiiuth.  Ion  of  gr.at 
Jtipiter,  by,  &c.  li)  called,  to  you,  the  noble  llock  of 
Sclavonians,  and  to  your  lineage,  becaufe  you  have 
been  unto  us  a  help,  true  in  faith,  valiant  in  war,  we 
confirm  all  that  track  of  earth  from  the  north  to  the 
louth  ot  Italy,  from  us,  and  our  luccetlois,  to  you  and 
your  pulleiitv  tor  ever;  and  if  any  other  nati"n  be 
found  there,  let  them  be  youi  tlavcs.  Dated  at  Alex- 
andria the  I2tli  ot  the  goddels  Mintiva.  \\  itnels 
Kthia  and  the  eleven  princes,  wiiom  we  appoint  our 
t'uccelibrs." 

The  city  of  Prague  has  fullainet!  great  iniuries,  at 
difierent  periods,  lince  the  commencement  of  the  !all 
centurv,  having  b.en  I'everal  times  belieged,  taken  ami 
plundered.  It  v,a-  lirll  attacked  by  the  archduke  I.^e- 
opold,  bilbop  of  I'afiaw,  who  plundered  the  Letier 
'I'own,  as  he  vould  have  done  the  whole,  had  it  not 
been  timely  relieved  by  the  emperor  Mitthias,  kingot 
Hungary.  Nine  years  after  this  it  was  again  plun- 
dered by  the  liupeiialill-.  who  eiueied  the  city,  and 
carried  off  an  inetlimable  booty.  This  depredation 
was  made  foon  alter  the  famous  battle  of  Wcifiinlx  rg, 
or  the  White  Mill,  on  the  bill  ot  November,  1620, 
when  Ired.rick  V.  elector  Palatine,  was  totally  de- 
feated bv  the  lorces  of  the  emperor  I'cidinaiul,  uniler 
Maxinuhan,  duke  of  Bavaria,  and  thereby  lolt  the 
Bohemian  crown,  and  his  German  ekx'torate.  It 
Ihared  the  like  fate  in  i6.'ji,  when  it  was  taken  by  the 
elector  ot  Saxony,  after  he  had  made  himtelf  mailer  of 
Bohemia ;  but  the  following  year  the  great  Wolilein, 
\v!io  recoveretl  the  country  from  the  Saxons,  took  this 
city  by  tlorin.  In  1(141  the  Swedilli  general  Konni!';- 
fmark  furpnlcd  and  |ilunderetl  that  part  ot  it  eallctl  the 
l^elllr  Town,  with  only  joco  loldiers ;  but  the  inha- 
bitants of  the  Old  Town,  aliiiled  by  the  fcholars  of 
the  univcilitv,  repull'ed  him,  and  that  part  ot  the  city 
elcapcd  being  plundered.  On  the  :Otli  of  November, 
174!,  the  h'lcnch  and  Saxons,  after  a  very  Ihort  fiege, 
Itornud  and  took  it ;  and  the  next  month  the  elector 
nf  Bavaria  was  there  proclaimed  and  crowneil  king  oi 
Bohemia.  But.  in  1742,  the  Aulbian.  having  for 
fome  montl-.s  blockaded  and  befieged  it,  the  mailhal 
Jlellille  colliiled  all  the  provilions,  !vc.  that  he  could 
carry  with  him,  marched  out  ot  the  citv  in  the  b.gMi- 
ning  of  December,  with  leveral  thouland  foot  and 
horfe,  to  Egia;  and  the  lame  month  the  ivll  of  the 
ganifon  capitulated  to  the  Aullrian  general,  prince 
Lobkowit/.,  and  marched  out :  not  long  alter  which 
the  queen  of  Hungary  was  crowned  queen  of  Bohe- 
mia. In  1744  the  king  of  Pruiria  invelled  it  with  a  con- 
(iderable  army,  winch  having,  with  its  bombs,  &c.  de- 
llroi'co  great  part  of  the  Old  and  New  To.vns,  the 
Aultrian  garrilon,  alter  the  trenches  hid  been  openeil 
llx  day^,  lurrendercil  thcmfelves  priloners  of  wai. 
But  the  city  vv  is  I'wi  ag'.in  in  ih-  hands  of  its  ia\c- 
rcign  ;  lor,  in  Xivenvie;  the  lam/  year,  on  the  approach 
111  [irince  Chules  Auh  the  Aullriati  army,  the  I'mdi-in 
r,ariifon  I'vacuaieil  the  town.  1  lis  Pruliian  majclly 
made  another  attempt  on  tl.iiciiy  in  1757,  but  uas 
repulled,  and  all  his  efVoits  rendered  totally  aboitivc. 

The  territory  of  Ko^a,  or  Kia-.R,  receivis  its  name 
from  ii^  capital,  which  is  lituatcd  yo  miles  we. I  ol 
Prague,  and  is  the  only  place  ot  any  note  tliiduglunit 
the  Nvhole  dillrict.  It  is  built  on  the  declivity  ol  a 
rock,  ai  the  toot  of  the  mountains  which  enclole  Ho 
Lciiiia  on  the  well,  and  near  the  Ewr,  trout  \ilieiKo 


both  it  and  the  territory  have  tlicir  names.  The  citv 
IS  well  fortified  wiih  ad,  uble  wall  next  the  river,  and 
in  other  parts  with  a  triple  one;  betides  which  it  hatli 
a  very  thong  cafHe.  Fiedciick  I.  m.ide  it  an  imperial 
city  in  1179,  for  its  fidelity  to  liim  agiiiill  th-  ihikc 
ot  Bavaria.  In  cont'equence  of  this  it  has  the  privi- 
lege of  coining  money  ;  and  tiom  the  judicial  lenteiices 
of  it -council  iherc  lies  nu  appeal  but  to  the  lover,  ign. 

In  this  city  are  leveral  ancient  and  elegant  build- 
ings;  among  which  are  three  doiiiers,  and  a  hand- 
lome  college  that  formerly  belonged  to  the  jefuits. 
if.  •  aie  hi.' wile  leveral  chinches,  with  courts  of  ju- 
dicature, hofpital':,  baths,  and  ibjrc-lKnifes  for  corn. 
At  a  Imall  iliUance  from  the  city  is  .m  acid  tpring,  the 
waters  ot  which  aie  purgative,  and  remaikable  for  re- 
moving dilorders  in  tiie  eyes,  ears,  and  other  parts  uf 
the  head,  in  ii,;  ncighijouiiioud  are  ;illo  minci  of  fil- 
vcr  and  gold  ;  but  they  have  not  bc^n  wrought  tor  t'e- 
ver.il  years  [itifl. 

'I  In  river  f.ger  is  very  ia-oad,  and  to  deep  a-  to  ad- 
mit vellLls  ol  very  confidera! >le  Inirthcn,  win  h  i^  or 
the  utinolt  luiliiy  to  the  inha.-itanti  ot' the  cii  v,  wlu) 
are  alio  plentimlly  t'upphed  fro. 11  i;  with  a  great  variety 
of  excellent  till). 

1  he  twelve  circle  ,  cr  p.ioviiKes,  o'  Boitemia  Pro- 
per, exehiilve  of  Prague,  and  the  leiri.orv  or  l:lgr.i, 
are  .is  follow  : 

Beiv.m-l'od'  rad,  Rnlowni^/,  F.eu'nieii  7..  Saaz,  I'd- 
len,  Prachin,  Bechin  Kaurzim,  I'liiafhu,  Chiudim, 
KonigingratE,  and  Biinrtaw.  But  as  the  kingdom  of 
Bohemia  has  been  greatly  delijlated  bv  war  and  perl'e- 
cu.ion,  thoujjh  there  are  many  towns  in  ih  fecirdes, 
1  here  arc  lew  worthy  ol  noiite.  The  pria.-ipal,  how- 
ever, are  the  following: 

Lei.tmeiitz,  which  give,  name  to  a  circle,  is  fnita- 
ted  on  the  J>lbc,  thirty-live  mile-.  ni;rth-weil  of  Prag;u.'. 
It  is  arhh,  weil-bi)ilr,  popul.'us  town,  a  royal  b-^rouih, 
and  i  illiop's  f.c,  the  p.relaie  0-' whi  h  is  a  I'.iriVagan  to 
the  archi'ilhop  ol  Pi  ague.  Mere  i-  a  ha:;vliotiiv  col- 
lege, which  formerly  i  elongcd  to  the  i.fuitt. 

In  the  town  of  Krupka,  or  Krauppen,  1  an  image 
ot  the  Virgin  Mary,  to  which  pilgrimage  ar.'  made 
from  various  parts  ol  the  kingdom.  In  the  neighi.;cur- 
liood  o!  this  town  are  lin-wMiks,  and  a  lollcge  that 
formerly  b.  longed  to  the  jduits. 

Loworice  is  a  I'mall  town,  near  whiJn,  in  1756,  was 
ibught  a  warm  batiL'  bawcn  th.*  PiiiiTiatis  and 
Aullrians. 

Toplvi  is  a  fmall  luit  plcilant  town,  and  remarkable 
for  eoniainingfeven  warm  ;  aths. 

Idnbogen,  or  Loj'et,  ihe  capital  of  a  t  rritory,  whi-.Il 
wai  ;!;iiK.\.d  to  the  cii\.le  ol  ,S;ia7,  If.  the  vear  1714,  ii 
leaicil  on  a  high  lleeji  rock,  n;  ar  the  1  iverKger,  72  miles 
trotii  Prague  ;  and,  being  a  frontier  town,  and  itron.Iv 
loriilied,  it  is  called  th,  Biihcr.ii  in  key  to  ihetJernian 
dominions.  The  inha'  i;,ims  Ipcak  the  German  lan- 
giiage. 

Wary,  or  Caildiad,  that  is,  Cha;!e.-'s  Bath,  is  a 
royal  i  oiough,  and  ccLbiated  rr  it  baths  and  medi- 
cinal u. Iters.  T  x\c  lu;h  aie  -i.  two  loits,  diiiering 
bodi  111  heat  and  Iboii,',  h  ;  th,'  o,i.'  b  ing  biiihng  hot, 
and  the  otiier  littic  moie;  ihan  it.ke-v.arm.  Tiie  lotirce 
■  if  ill. Ill  is  111  th,-  midillo  of  a  liv  r,  tonued  by  toirer.ts 
hum  the  iieiglil)uuii:i.;  iiT.v.miains,  whoie  w.ucrs  arc 
ex,  ceding  cold;  iio'w.tliiiu.d.ivg  v.hicli  thole  or  the 
iii'iier.il  l|)iings,  elpeci.ih>  o.  the  hotteil,  are  teen  ;o 
laiok.  in  the  river.  Thet'e  w.it.rs  ar.:  litiuliLial  in  ihe 
lUre  ot  various  diioidtrs,  p.irticulailv  the  gr.ivil;  a..i 
their  viiiues  h.ive  been  p.inicul.ii  iy  del'cribe^i  by  llcli- 
iii.in,  and  odier  pl'.y.i..ian3. 

I'llicn,  which  gives  ii.i.ue  to  a  circle,  is  a  l.ir:;',  -v  II- 
liuiit  town,  liiuaied  aboii,  .',4  inilei  louth-weti  of 
I'lague.  It  h.is  two  large  I  hurche.s  and  lu.ii  the  i:i  li- 
ne o  il  i- .1  t|>ai  1  Hi  maik.  ;-phlc.,  v,  Ji  lujiphed  with 
moll  kir.dso:  provitions.  The  will  an. I  louih  lid.s  iit 
It  aiedctended  bv  a  liul  ...ik  and  a  !::is;c  di^.h,  wrhin 
which  are  llrong  we.ll-,  v.  itii  t.;ucasaiul  taiti  a  .  Ih.s 
CUV    hatii    I'uiVertd    s-.t^.itlv  in  the  ijp^ctivc  wars  of 

B.ietui.;, 


I 


Wl: 


3i6 


A  NF.U',  ROY  At.  AND  Al'TITEXTlC  SYSTEM  of  IXIVERSAL  CEOGRAPHV. 


I'.Ui 


Vl 


.ir 


■S 


[:\M:\$ 


K,>licmi.i,  luvin^  been  i.ikfn,  ict.iktn,  and  '.Hiint  tc- 
Mral  tinics 

Ncp!niuiLki'arm:ill  town,  aiul  noicii  tor  ;.'iviiig  hinli 
ii)  ilic  r.iiiu  d;  tli.it  naiK',  ulio  i>  lo  mucli  vti)cia\il 
b\  iIk  Huliijiniiiii  .  1  iic  piinci|ul  building- arc  a  linall 
calik',  widi  a  cKuikT  o!  Ciicallians. 

liudutii  ,  aiuyal  boroii^li,  I'uuaiidiMi  iliciivii  Mol- 
tkuv,  i~  a  linall  hiii  niat  town,  will-lniilt,  and  llronglv 
tortilifd.  I'lif  cliiit  l)iiildint;  in  ii  i  a  lIoiiUi-  htlon^- 
inij,  to  ilic  iiiUtr  ol  D.iininican^.  y\ll  lalt  Iroiulit  out 
ot  tlu-  Auihian  dominions  mu!i  be  liill  cxpolcd  lu  talc 
litre,  and  pay  toll. 

Kiittinixr;:,  a  mval  bniouuh,  about  30  mil.-  lontli- 
call  ot  I'ragjUC,  is  noted  lor  it  liivi-r  miiu';,  and  ntli.is 
which  vuld  loppcT,  and  wcrt-  foiincily  vt.T\  protiial  li-. 

Konii;ini;iat/.,  which  ;.uvc5  namcto  aciak',i  a  loyal- 
jointure  town  and  nlhop'h  Uc,  lituatid  43  niiks  iioith- 
call  ot  I'laiiuc,  at  the  contiux  or  the  river-- t.lie  and 
ImIIiz.  licic  i-  a  coiii'iMiid.  I V  ol  the  Tciitoniv  or- 
«Lr,  and  a  tine  coll.i;.  ilui  toniK'rly  belonged  to  the 
jeluiis. 

Ik'iiaikv,  a  Inwll  town  on  the  liver  Iter,  is  iciiiark- 
a''k'  tor  haviriu,  \"--.n  ihcrtlidcnce  ol  Tytho  Brahe,  ihc 
II  lebr.iled  a!lronoiiu-r. 

Pirj'cus,  Mav'h'rs,  T.iTHgttti^t-,  Religion,  (Jc.  idc.  ef  the 
hii.Uit.inis  0/  BiLiiitii  I'roptr. 

T""!!!-',  B'jhcniians  ,re  a  niixtuic  ol  Sclavonians  and 
(iermaii;;  ilie  -..irmer  of  whom  live  in  villaijes, 
and  .ire  liases.  The  inha^u.ints  ot  thv  towns  aie  nci- 
th.T  tond  o!  anr.f,  arts,  or  t;adc,  but  pretcr  an  idle, 
indolent  lite.  'I'h.  y  arc.  in  general,  well  made,  llrono, 
and  tubicci  to  tew  diltalcs.  In  their  dilpoli; ions  they 
are  fuinle,  hut  courageous,  and  always  nuke  a  point  ot 
tullilling  their  engagements.  The  geniry,  and  mid- 
dling Ion  ot  people,  are  open  and  agretal  Ic  in  their 
conv.itation  ;  1  u;  the  boors,  or  p.alant  ,  arj  llv  and 
morolc,  and  gre.uly  addict- d  to  ilutt.  The  people,  in 
'^^neral,  art  illiterate,  nof.uthlhiiuling  there  are  many 
leminarie-oi  learning  in  ditLrcnt  pans  o(  thecouniry. 
Thi-  I-  owinj,  10  tlu-  neglifieiue  of'  the  parent  ,  whole 
natural  ind  jlcn  >  rendtis  them  ibangcr  10  the  Ipirit  ot 
liter.uy  emui  iiii'n. 

Tlu- language  o:  the  Bohniian-  is  a  dia^cV  ol  the 
Sclavonic,  but  fomewhat  hariher  ilian  that  ot  then 
ri-ig'.ibours,  who  fpeak  the  laiie  language,  a^  the  lat- 
ter change  t!.-,-  eiinl'onants  more  into  vowel.  Mi.ll 
people  o!  lalhic'i),  however,  ihronjih  their  interrouile 
with  the  lovirt  ol  \  ietina,  Ipeak  |-li'j,!i  Ditth,  or  (icr- 
iTian,  with  uhi-  h  the  l.ui|ji.age  o:  the  coniinon  people 
i.~  alio  intermixed. 

The  u  lig!  -n  ot  the  Bohemian'  wa  that  o  tlie  f  Irtck 
church,  tii;  )-<,i!el!aus,  lurnanud  ihetiood,  introdu.  ed 
I'opery  amc  11 ',  them.  John  l-Itii's,  and  jeioino;  I'lague, 
v.'crc  burnt  ;h  ilie  Council  ot  L'oniLuice,  in  the  icth 
century,  lor  c.-,.'eavoun:i\;  to  bring  al»out  aie  ormaiion 
in  religion.  This  occalioned  a  bloody  war,  uhkh  uin- 
linued  tor  many  vcar^ ;  but  the  lluiritcs  were  woi  lied  ; 
r.i-.d,  in  154")  !'>2  greater  pait  ot  them  were  obliged 
to  ijuit  their  eouiury  ;  upon  whiih  they  withdrew  to 
the  neighl  uuring  tlominions,  cipt. Lilly  Poland  and 
Ptullia.  Mo'.vevei,  when  I  .ulher  appeared,  i;reat  num- 
beisoi  the  Boheitcar  ein;iiaa-d  hi-,  doctrine,  and  theft 
at  iin'thad  toLratio..  ,  t  utatteiward  ,  l)eing  pt. f.cuttd, 
they  look  np  arm-,  and,  ia  1618,  chole  hrederuk  \ . 
tleftor  l'.ilai;tie,  ii  r  t'leir  king;  but  the  war  ended 
vinfortunattly  i-.odi  tot  the  king  and  the  rroitllant  Bo- 
hemians ;  the  toriner  ceing  taken  prifoner,  and  the 
latter  perlea:tcd  with  the  mofi  unremitting  Uverity. 
Jn  1627  the  lemaining  Prijtellants  weie  deprived  of  all 
their  rights  and  privileg-.- ;  and  luch  a-  would  not  fiiii- 
niit  10  tilt  Roman  Catholic  church  were  lompellul  to 
quit  tilt  country. 

Snue  the  abovepe;iod  Popery  ha.  \%x\\  the  ellaMilh- 
ed  religion  in  tliis(,uiHitry.  Phere  are,  however,  a  lew 
Paifhcran  in  Ibme  p.;u^  o:  :t  ;  but  they  arcoi.ligeil  to 
be  on  their  £,uard,  and  to  ion>.uil  thcmftlve,  ati  iiiueh 


as  pofiible.     The  jews  are  more  indulged,  havin"  nti 
ample  toleration  tor  the  extrale  ot  then  leligioii. 

i'he  archl  illiop  01  Prague  is  alwavs  legate  of  the 
holy  apollolic  let  ot  Rome;  and  it  t  peuiliar  to  his 
oltite  to  crown  the  kings  ol  Bohemia,  lie  is  alio  a 
prime  ol  the  hol\  Roman  empire,  (though  he  1^^  no 
feat  in  the  diet,)  p:ii-.iatc  ol  the  kingdotii,  and  per- 
petual ihaiKtllor  ot  the  univerlity  o:  i'rague.  Hi? 
lulii  igan-  aie  the  biih(>p5  ot  Leuimerit.'.  and  Konii'in- 
grat/..  The  gjvernmenc  of  the  church  and  ilei^v  1; 
veiled  in  the  archicpilcopal  eonlulory,  Irom  which  a:i 
appeal  lies  cither  to  liie  lovereign  or  pope. 

Conftit:.ticit,  .^lanufdilurf!,    Kiienuu,  is':,  of  Bsheinui 
I'rc/cr. 

IJC>1  Il-.Ml A,  tor  a  conlidtrablc  time,  v.as  governed 
liy  dukes,  and  attersvaids  bv  king  ,  who  Were  li- 
mited in  their  power,  and  elected  by  the  Itatcs;  though 
they  uluallv  kept  to  the  lamily  of  ilic  dece.alcd  mo- 
narch. A  ter  the  i  attle  ot  the  White  Mountain,  m 
1020,  the  crown  wa.  made  hereditary  in  the  Aullrian 
tamily  ;  lu  ih.it  li.mi  iliat  iiuie,  llit  Ihue-  have  hail 
no, lung  more  to  do  witli  relpect  to  ttie  right  ol  lucul- 
lion.  riiellai^s,  imkecl,  are  luniinoned  every  year, 
by  imp  ri.il  command,  and  meet  at  Piague;  but  it  is 
only  lor  torm\  lake.  They  conlill  ot  the  clergy,  no- 
bility, gentry,  and  repielentative.  o!  the  town-.  Here 
a  coaimilhontr  Irom  t!ie  loveitign  lays  before  them  ihe 
necellity  o,  giantiiiJ  luch  lupphe  a^  the  court  demands, 
\Uiich  uluallv  am.junt  to  a  very  gr;  at  tu:;i;  and 
iheic  arc  granted  without  hclitation  or  examination. 
1  he  pealaiits  htie  are  lonilmen  to  then  lords;  and  to 
tlie  hard  yoke  which  galls  them  i-.  doubtlels  owing 
in  a  great  meatiire,  both  their  perverfe  obllinate  difpo- 
lition,  and  their  indolence;  the  Litter o. Which,  among 
other  things,  is  evident  Irom  the  wretched  condition 
ot  the  villages;  whi  h,  thoutdi  wood  is  to  be  toiind 
litre  in  gieai  plenty,  and  building  is  lar  Irom  i-eing 
expenli\e,  are  very  tuean  and  delpi.ai'le.  The  clergv 
are  compoicd  ol  the  archbilhop  ol  Prague,  levtial 
bilhops,  provolls,  and  abbots,  btlides  thole  oi  inte- 
rior rank.  Ihe  nobility  are  divided  into  piinccs, 
counts,  and  barons;  and  the  nexi  degrees  to  tliele  arc 
knights,  burghers,  hulbandmen,  anil  ptafants.  Each 
iirelehas  two  headmen,  or  captains  ;  one  out  of  tlie 
Ibue  oi  lords,  and  one  out  of  the  ilate  ot  knights. 
Bohemia  is  generallv  loniidered  a-<  a  part  of  (Jermanv, 
1  lit  uiih  very  liitit  real.m,  tor  it  1-  not  in  anv  of  the 
nine  cireles,  neither  doth  it  i  ontribiite  any  thing  to- 
wards the  torccs  or  revenue-  oi  theemjjiu,  or  is  lub- 
iccl  to  any  of  its  laws. 

The  chief  maniifa:iure  ol  Bohemia  is  linen,  of  which 
they  export  great  quantities,  together  with  i.orn,  mail, 
hops,  and  mineial  watcis.  They  have  alto  conlideia- 
bl"  manutactorie-  oi  copper,  iron,  glab,  eai.hen-wate, 
.md  jiaper,  ot  which  alio  :i  part  is  exported. 

lilt  revinues  ol  Bohemia  are  railetl  by  t!ic  flites  ot 
the  kingdom,  who  are  allembled  annually  at  I'rague, 
to  provide  luch  lums  as  the  cmpreis  demands  of  them, 
over  aiii'  al)ove  tiie  culloms  and  duties  to  whieh  llie  r. 
entitled  by  her  prerogative.  The  revenue  is  tuppoled 
to  amijiint  to  near  ico,oool.  It.rhng  a  year.  Ihe 
llaiiding  militia  of  ihc  Aultuan  hcrcditaiy  countries  is 
i4,ooo  men,  toward  whi.h  Bohemia  t.iinilhi-  9,000. 
In  limes  of  war  thcie  lervc  to  till  up  the  m.uuhi.ig  :e- 
aiiiViiis. 


S  E  C  1   I  C)  N     11. 


Tut,  MARQLilbATE  et 


.lURAVEA. 
in  length. 


'"1~^HIS  maiquifate  is  about  120  tniie-,  in  icngtii,  a:: 

JL  100  in  bieadili.  It  is  bounded  on  the  ra.l  I)' 
Silelia  and  1  lun.guy,  on  the  well  by  Buhcif.ia  Piopei , 
and  on  the  louth  by  Auiliia.  A  great  pair  i;t  it  v,  over- 
run with  uoods  and  ni'iuiitiins,  where  the  .ur  13  veiv 
loLl,  but  much  wit.  ilotiiti  than  in  the  Lw  giounds, 

which 


on  liie 
to  St. 


and 


Xir.RAl'flV. 

c  indulL^iil,  having  an 
ot  (litii  icligiuii. 

.iKv:iv.  Iff^.iic  of  tlio 
nil  u  I,  ptMilur  to  Ills 
ilicniia.  1  {t:  IS  alio  a 
iit;,  (tiioiioh  lie  ha-,  no 
he-  kingiloui,  and  pcr- 
iiliiy  o:  Fragile.  His 
utiiicrit/.  aiul  Koiiioiii- 
f  iliurch  and  ili.-i'j,v  \i 
iliiloiy,  tioin  whitli  aa 

or  i'oi'.e. 


t'.it/,  cr. 


if  B:hemui 


c  time,  v.as  povcrnc'd 

\  king  ,  wiio  Were  h- 

■d  by  t!ic  itates;  thQiit;!i 

or  tlie  (k\ealcd  mo- 

Wliiic  Mountain,  i:i 

sditaiy  111  the  Auihiaii 

the  I'taie^   liave  had 

to  itie  right  ot  hitui- 

luiiiiiioiied  every  year, 

■et  at  l'iat!,ue  ;  but  it  is 

iiilill  ot  the  tiergv,   no- 

ve    o:  ;  he  town  .    Here 

ign  liysl.ttoie  tiiein  ihe 

e  a^  the  court  (!eii;and>., 

very    gi;  at    luin;     and 

it.ition  i<r  examination. 

n  to  their  loids;  antl  to 

em   1-.  doubt jefs  owiiiij 

perveilc  ohltinate  dilpo- 

L'  latter  o.  wiiicii,  aiiinn" 

the  wretched  eoinliiion 

i<\\  wood  is  to  be  loimd 

(liii'T  IS  tar  liom    i-cin'j; 

Icipi.aiile.     '1  he  clergv 

Imp  ol    I'r.aouc,  Icvtial 

,  btliilcs   tiiolc  o:   inte- 

;   ilividcd   into  princes, 

next  di  giixs  ro  thel'c  arc 

en,  anil  peal'aiits.     Kacli 

.plains  ;  one  out  ot"  ti;c 

)t'  die  Hate  ot  knights. 

d  as  a  part  of  (Jermanv, 

r   it  i-  not  in  anv  ot  the 

lontrilnitc  any  thing  to- 

:   the  empiu,  or  ib  I'ub- 

ih.ciuia  is  linen,  of  which 
lijether  with  lOrn,  mail, 
hey  have  a!(i)  eonlidcia- 
ron,  glals  eaidKn-\va;e, 
rt  is  ixported. 
■e  railed  iiy  the  ftates  ot 
ed  annually  at  Prague, 
iprelj  demands  ot  ihem, 
111  durics  to  which  llie  i. 
I  he  revenue  is  tuppoled 
l^.rlin^  a  year.  The 
a  hereditary  couiiirie'.  is 
uhema  tLiiiiilhc^  9,000. 
till  up  ti;'.'  iii.U'.hi.ig  :c- 


i  N     II. 

uF   .\1URAVI,\. 

120  mile,  in  length,  av.d 
jundcd  on  the  cut  LV 
ell  liy  f}uheinia  I'lopei, 
I'V  great  part  ot  it  i',  o\  er- 
,  where  the  .ur  \i  veiv 
m  in  the  L\v  g:ound5, 
v.hieh 


lajiiCPK.]  H  o   11 

which  are  tall  of  bo^'i  and  lakes.  The  mountain^,  in 
};eii'Tal  ,are  barren  i  but  the  more  level  parti  tolerably 
icrtd^',  yielding  corn,  hemp,  Hax,  lallion,  pillufage, 
wmc,  trnits,  and  (.'.arden  ilull'.  Moravia  alio  abounds 
in  horles,  black  ( .itilc,  Iheejj,  and  goats.  In  the  woods, 
and  about  the  lakes,  are  plenty  of  wild  lc)wi,  game, 
\eiulon,  bees,  hares,  foxes,  wolves,  beavers,  and  a 
bealt  ot  pic\-  <  ailed  Kyfowe,  about  the  li/e  ot'  a  dog, 
having  it-,  belly  and  feet  fpottcd,  and  leaping  fuddenly 
on  its  pre) ,  from  rocks  or  trees.  This  country  likcw  ile 
produce,  marble,  baltard  diamonds,  p.methylls,  alliim, 
lion,  fulphiir,  I'alt-petre,  and  vitriol,  with  whokfome  mi- 
neral waters  and  warm  Iprings;  but  fait  is  iiiip(>rted. 
Iisriveis,  of  which  the  M.in  h,  Morawa,  or  iVloraii, 
are  the  chief,  abound  with  great  variety  of  lilb,  parti- 
culaih  trout,  cray-lilh,  barbel,  ce!s,  j.ick,  and  ]ienh. 

Tl'.e  inhabitants  ot  Moravia  are,  in  general,  liberal, 
not  III)  to  be  provoked  or  pacified,  obedient  to  their 
mailer:.,  and  true  to  their  promifes;  but  credulous  of 
old  prophecies,  and  much  addicted  to  drinking.  T'hetr 
l.mgtjnge  is  a  dialect  of  the  Sclavonic,  dilfermg  little 
from  that  of  Hohernia;  but  i  i.c  nobility  and  citi/cns 
fpeak  (iermanand  French, 

I'he  Ihites  of  this  country  confifl  of  the  clergy,  lord;, 
knir.lits,  and  burgelles;  and  the  diets,  when  fiimmoned 
liy  the  regency,  are  held  at  Urunn.  I'he  marquilatc  is 
divididinto  fix  circles,  each  of  which  has  its  captain, 
anvl  coiiiributes  to  its  fovereign  about  one-third  ol  w  hat 
is  e.vacted  Irom  Bohemia.  Seven  regiments  ot  loor, 
one  of  cuirallieis.and  one  of  dragoons, are  iifuall)'  quar- 
tered 111  i:. 

Chrillianitv  was  planted  in  thi>  country  in  theninth 
century  ;  and  the  inhabitants  continued  attached  to  the 
liuirch  of  Kome  till  the  15th,  when  they  efjioufcd  the 
doctrine  of  John  Hiifs,  and  threw  oil'  I'oper)  ;  but 
alter  the  defeat  of  the  electf.r  Palatine,  whom  they  had 
« liolen  king,  as  well  as  the  Bohemians,  the  emperor 
I  erdinind  II.  re-eflablillud  Popery.  However,  there 
are  Ihll  fome  Proiellaiits  in  Moravia;  and  i<)nie  years 
lince  a  let  of  eiuhulialls,  called  Hernhuriers,  or  Mora- 
Tian  Brethren,  headed  by  one  of  the  counts  of  Zin/en- 
dorf,  appeared  among  them,  who,  at  lirll,  met  with 
great  encouragement  in  England ;  bat  afterwards 
when  their  tenets  and  practices  came  to  be  better  known, 
fell  into  contempt ;  though  thev  ha\e  Hill  fome  fol- 
lowers among  the  lower  lort.  The  bilhop  ot  Olmiitz, 
\i  lu)  (hinds  immediately  under  the  pope,  is  at  the 
lie.ul  of  the  eccletialUcs ;  and  the  fupreme  ecdc- 
liallical  jurildietion,  under  the  bilhop,  is  veiled  in  a 
ccnlillory. 

ihe  commerce  of  this  country  is  inronliderable.  Of 
what  they  have,  Brunn  enjoys  the  print  ij\il  [).irt.  Ac 
Iglaii  and  Trebitz  are  manulactories  of  cloth,  paper, 
gunpowder,  ev.e.  In  fome  parts  ot  the  country  are  alio 
non-works  and  glafs-hoiiles. 

I'he  chief  places  in  the  niaiijuifate  of  Moravia  arc 
the  follow  ing  : 

Holomauc,  or  Olmut/.,  the  capital,  is  a  ("mall,  but 
neat,  well-bui'r,  and  populous  citv,  liiuated  on  the 
ri\er  Morawa,  So  miles  north  of  Vienna.  It  is  di- 
vided into  the  l)id  and  New  Town,  in  which  are  fome 
ffi.iL lolls,  regalar  llreets,  with  fine  hmifes,  all  [lamted 
oil  the  outluie,  two  great  fiuares,  a  cathedral  dedicated 
to  St.  Weii.'.tfl,  leveral  holpi'als  and  cloillcr.s  of  monks 
and  nuns,  an  univeility,  riding  academy,  leaincd  fo- 
<  lety,  and  26  churches.  It  is  a  royal  borough,  and  the 
lee  of  a  billiop;  and,  by  nieansof  its  river,  carries  on 
I  coniiderable  trade  with  Bohemia,  Hungary,  Poland, 
^ilelia.and  Auflria.  In  the  neighbourhood  is  a  cloiller 
nt  canons  regular  of  the  oiiler  of  Pia'iiionllatenles. 
w  hole  abbot  is  mitred. 

Brunn,  or  Brinn,  is  well  built,  fortified,  and  inhabi- 
ted ,  and  a  place  of  tiie  greatell  trade  in  Nior.ivi.i.  Here 
aj-eluld  ihc  courts  of  luduature  and  the  diels.  There- 
are  ll^  I  loillers,  a  collegiate  chinch,  the  billiop's  palace, 
an  I  a  large  college,  with  an  hofpital  of  the  knights  ol 
Malta  in  the  fuburbs.  The  cloiller  of  Augullme  hcr- 
iiins  1,  lamons  for  an  image  of  the  Vinjin  Muiy,  made, 

N'J.   7s. 


K     M     1     A.  ji, 

as  they  jiretend,  by  St.  I  uko,  and  a  foundation  for 
young  ladies.  The  citadel  is  called  Spielberg,  or 
Spilmberg,  and  fland<:  on  a  mountain  rlofe  to  the 
town. 

(rihlawa,  or  Iglaii,  a  flrong,  well-built,  pojnilous 
town,  anil  royal  borough,  on  the  river  Ighlawa,  was 
the  lird  towncT  Moravia  that  received  the  Aiiglbiirg 
confelllon.  The  princijile  buildings  in  it  arc  a  large 
college  and  gymnaliiim,  with  two  inonaflcries,  one  of 
Dominicans,  and  another  of  I'lancifcans.  The  trade 
of  the  town  is  chietly  in  beer,  and  a  coarfe  woollen 
cloth.  It  is  much  Irequented  by  travellers,  being  fitu- 
atei  on  the  borders  of  Bohemia,  and  in  the  high  road  to 
Hungary. 

Hiadifch  is  a  flrong  royal  town  on  the  March,  con- 
taining a  large  college,  and  a  cloiller  of  I'rancifcans. 
About  a  mile  Irom  the  tow  n  Hands  the  Cillertian  c  loilfer 
ofWelehrad,  whofe  abbot  is  the  lirft  of  the  regular 
prelates  at  the  diet. 

Kromcrzi/,,  or  Krcmlier,  is  a  well-built  town  on 
the  river  March,  or  Morave,  belonging  to  the  billioj. 
ofOlmutz,  whofe  large  and  beautitul  palace  here  was 
dcflroyed  by  fire  in  1752,  together  with  the  archives, 
the  fuburbs,  and  55  burghers  houfes.  Here  is  alfo  a 
collegiate  church,  feveral  cloilters,  and  a  mint. 

L     U     S     A     T     I     A. 

LUSATIA  has  Siiefia  on  rhe  eafl,  Mifnia  on  the 
well,  Bohemia  on  thefouth,  and  Br.indenburgon 
the  north.  It  is  divided  into  the  Upper  and  Lower 
.Marquifate.  The  air  of  the  former,  which  is  a  hilly 
country,  is  more  falubi  ious  than  that  of  the  latter,  the 
li'.iiation  of  which  is  low  and  fenny.  The  mountain- 
ous tracks  arc  barren,  but  the  vallies  aie  fertile;  and 
both  of  the  inauiuifatcs  produce  wood,  turf,  wheat, 
rye,  oats,  millet,  beans,  peas,  buck-wheat,  lentils,  Hax, 
h.ops,  tobacco,  iiianria,  w me,  ixc.  Here  are  likewife 
medicinal  fprings,  quarries  of  Hone,  e:irths  and  clays 
for  tobacco  pipes  ami  earthen-wares,  ball  ird  diamonds, 
agates  and  jalpers,  allum,  \itriol,  ^:c.  Cattle,  venifon, 
and  lilliare|)lenty.  The  country  is  well  watered.  The 
language  of  the  people  is  very  inarticulate,  guttural, 
and  barbarous;  and  their  drcfs,  at  once,  Hnguhr  and 
mean.  Both  marquifates  were  anciently  lubjecc  to  the 
king  of  Bohemia,  th.e  arch-dukes  of  Aulhia,  or  the 
electors  of  Brandenburg;  bur,  in  the  year  1636,  they 
were  ceded  to  the  elector  of  Saxony.  Chrillianity  was 
cllablilhed  here  in  th.e  feventh  century,  and  at  prefent 
the  reformed  is  the  ellablilhcd  religion.  The  ir.aniifac- 
tuics  are  woollen  and  linen  Hufls,  caps,  gloves,  Hock- 
ings,  IpatterdaHies,  h.ats,  leather,  paper,  iron,  glafs, 
gunpowiler,  bleached  wax,  itc.  many  of  which  the  in- 
habitants export.  The  imports  are  lilk,  yarn,  wool, 
fpices,  w  ine,  corn,  hops,  garden-Hull",  fruit,  iJcc. 

The  Hates  of  Upper  I  ailatia  confiH  of  Hate  lords, 
prelates,  getitry,  and  comnonalty.  Without  the  con- 
currence of  thefe  nothing  of  importance  canbctianf- 
aeled.  The  diets  are  either  ordinary  or  extraonlinary. 
The  former  met  once  in  three  )ears,  the  latter  upon 
particular  emergencies. 

Upper  I.ufatia  is  divided  i'-to  two  circles,  called 
Biuiilien  and  (lorlif/.. 

The  circle  of  Budiircn  receives  its  name  from  the 
capital  of  th.e  marqiiifite.  'I'hc  town  of  Budilleii  is 
tl'.e  feat  of  the  lime  diet  ,  and  of  the  chief  officers  r;nd 
tribunals.  It  is  litiiated  on  the  Spree,  20  miles  north- 
well  from  (I'orlir/.  It  is  pretty  large,  iiandfonicly 
built,  Itrongly  foitifud,  and  well  inhabited.  Its  callle 
IS  lituated  on  .1  high  rock  within  the  town  walls.  The 
Lutherans  and  Kom.m  Catholics  perform  divine  ("ervice 
in  liili'erent  p'.iLs  of  the  cathedral.  Here  arele\eral 
other  chiin  h  <,  a  council-houfc,  libra>y,  oiphan-houfe, 
fpinning-houfe,  houle  of  t  orrceiion,  two  diet  houles, 
three  hofpital  ■,  a  g\  innalium,  iS;c.  Ihe  nade  i>t  this 
j)lace  is  in  hats,  Hockings,  gloves,  linen,  gla/.ed  leather, 
cloth,  luHian,  Turkey  manufaelure-,  ivc.  to  a  very  large 
amount. 

9X  Carmcni, 


:#;;::;■ 


A  NEW,  ROYAL,  anp  AUTUHNTIC  SYSTKM  of  UNIVIU    \I,  ClOCRAl'UV. 


(.'.iriiii.'nv.,  on  tlic  l^llkr,  ;"nLii"s  ci^ht  rluirchcs, 
thrct;  hol'pitiils,  ii  m.imitiicUn  v  ot  linen,  ;ino;hcr  of 
MDollen  clo^lis,  and  .i  l.;uin  t'chool. 

l.dbau  Ilk  .1  min.iul  fiiriiip;:  M.irklilla  a  Latin 
fill! ')!;  L)n\lt  aiulU';  and  Biriith,  a  Inuill  to«n,  \Mtli 
.1  ( itadd,  iN  lituattd  I'o  p'^'alandv,  th.U  tlic  ini.\idow  ir. 
whkh  it  is  crrctcd  is  (.■ailed  tin-  (ioUli.li  .\u. 

Cliiili:/.,  the  capii.il  ot  tl-.c  tiiclu  nt'tlu'  fame  nnnic, 
i.  ;c  mile-;  to  the  call  lit' HiiditH-ii.  It  wa.s  ere:U-d  in 
I  I  ji,  liv  Buleil.iiis  kiiii;  ot'  I'oland ;  hut  Coon  alter 
1  utnt,  Vroiii  whence  ai:les  it.s  name  ;  toid'orlit/,  in  the 
i^vlavonic  tongue,  implies  IJiirnt  Town.  It  is  the  (eat 
oi'  julHee  f.ir  this  part,  and  the  relidcnee  of  thego\er- 
nor,  has  feveral  neat  churches,  and  many  llatcly  houfes, 
huikof  ll'Mie.  Thcehitf trade  is  in  beer,  and  in  dref- 
(iii^'  \rd  1.1)  ing  Moollt  n  and  linen  I  loth.  It  is  well  for- 
Iih\l,  and  the  approach  to  it  dillkult,  heraiife  it  Ihinds 
in  a  morals,  en  the  well-tide  of  the  N'eid'e,  which  rifcs 
on  the  holders  of  this  (otintr) ,  and  run-  throuj,h  it  into 
the  (Xler.  Its  great  (hurch,  furmerly  (■.■.lied  .St.  Peter 
and  I'aiil,  is  ma;.;nificuu.  Near  a  frnall  church,  on  a 
mount  witho.it  the  cit) ,  there  is  a  model  of  the  holy 
l'e[ii.lchre  at  Jerufahni,  huilt  ;oo  yeais  aj^o,  by  the 
iliu'ition  of  a  ciii/en  who  had  been  theie  feveral 
time.';. 


MulUa  has  a  gnat  alliunwoil;;  CJrcat  l\adm.  riti 
contains  a  noble  temporal  lounJatinn  for  i:  ladies; 
and  llertenhiith  is  a  liiiall  plai  e  helongipg  to  cotmt 
Zin/.endoif.  It  was  founded  in  1722  by  fomc  Mora- 
vian bieihien;  and  is  now  the  chid  nurfci)  and  fe.it  ot 
that  I'cct  called  Hirnhutteis. 

Laubans,  upon  the  iivei  (jueifs,  and  tfc  coitfiiK's  of 
Silelia,  is  well  toitificd,  and  hai  a  {^reat  linen  maiiu- 
faetoiy. 

/ittau,  on  the  river  Neifle,  is  a  line  city,  ne.tr  tlie 
borders  of  Dohemia,  J!  miles  loiith  ot  Leibaii,  ,ind  ;8 
eal\  of  Drelden.  Wencedaiis,  kingof  15ohimia,  en. 
compalled  it  with  walls  in  I  :55.  It  is  will  lortilicd, 
and  the  houfcs  arc  built  in  the  newdl  llile.  It  has  a 
good  trade  in  beer,  a  great  maniilaCloiy  ot  ihth,  an 
holpital,  which  wa.soncca  Irancifcan  mon.ilicis ,  and 
large  populous  fubiubs. 

I  he  land  ellatcs  of  Lower  Liifitia  arc  limilar  to 
thofc  of  the  Upper.  Spiritual  rvatieis  I'dnpg  to  .1  coii- 
iillory  elected  in  i()6S  ;  the  i  hiet  olliceis  ot  which  are 
the  prelidein  of  the  ii]^[ier  olfk  i,  the  land  capr.iin,  ai;d 
the  land  judge.  'I'he  tribunals  ate  the  L)|i|^(.r  Ollicc 
and  the  l.andfourt;  and  the  wlole  is  divided  into  live 
little  cireles,  which  contain  nothing  worthy  ot  tiotin. 


C  IT  A   1\       XI. 
HOLLAND,     01     ilic    UNITED     PROX'INCES. 


lift 


iiiiH  :-lI 


i    ^  ",    ;f 


Till-',  fivnitcen  provinces,  which  are  known  by  the 
general  name  of  the  Nrth  rlar.ds,  and  include 
the  Seven  United  St  ites  denominated  llolland,  were 
lormerly  part  ot  CJallia  ISelgica,  or  Hclgic  (i.uil.  Thev 
deri\ed  tiie  appellatio:-.s  ot  Netherlands,  Pais-Has,  or 
Low  Countries,  from  their  low  lituation.  'Ihev  arc 
lituated  between  50  and  5  j  decree-  of  north  lit.  and 
between  2  and  ■,  degrees  ot' call  long,  comprehending 
in  length  isomilcs,  and  in  breadth  joo.  'I'hey  are 
hounded  bv  t!  e  (ierma.i  Sea  on  the  north,  by  the 
circle  ot  W'ellphalia  anil  other  parts  of  (icrmaiiv  on 
the  eaft,  by  !•  ranee  on  the  fcuth,  and  by  the  Hritifli 
Channel  on  the  wefL  i  he  Seven  United  Provinces,  ot' 
which  wc  are  here  to  treat,  form  only  the  northern 
part  of  this  track,  and  comprife  1  lolland,  I'rielland, 
C)veryirel,  Zealand,  droningcn,  (Jelderland,  and 
Utrecht.  'Vhefe  fcvcii  provinces  arc  lituated  between 
3  dcg.  20  min.  and  j  dcg.  ;o  min.  call  long,  and  be- 
tween 51  dcg.  (3  mill,  and  ;  j  dcg.  40  mm.  north  hit. 
'1  hc\  arc  about  1  50  miles  in  length,  and  much  the  fame 
in  breadth. 

S  E  C  T  ION     I. 

Cl,'m::lr,  ProilKUions,  Rii-n.<,  uiul  ;^,  mrnl  Oif,  ii-alioii.' 
ciudliii:^  H'„'.\liul,  or  I,';'  L  ;;./,  J  J'roiiuiis. 


A 


'^   thi-   rountrv   is   low  and   fuampy,    partly    fiir- 

roiiitded  by  the  fea,  and  ah>nmding  in  bogs  and 

air  is   too  nujiH,   aitd   confcqucnih-  un- 

Haiiis  an  i   fogs   arc   Irequent  ;    and   the 


li:;Klhes,  tfe 
w  h  iK  lumc. 

gout,  fdirvy,  rheuinatifm,  i>cc.  are  (  otiimoii  and  inve- 
terate. Ilulhind  would  be  ONcrwhelmed  bv  the  tea, 
were  It  not  for  the  d)k(s  and  dam.,  whith  exhibit 
altomlhing  proot- of  human  indiillry,  at.d  are  Ihipcn- 
dou.  work-,  dcligmd  to  rci-rcfs  the  miiiulations  ol  the 
fct,  and  dr.un  the  uatcrs  lioin  the  land.  'Ihc  marlhes 
arc  very  fertile,  and  fed  abuiulaiKc  (,f  cattle.  'I'hc 
milk  being  exceeding  rich,  gieat  (lu.iniities  of  butter 
and  checfe  are  mailc,  not  only  K n  home  . onliiinption, 
bu-  tor  cxporralion.      'I  he  breed  of  iheep  1,  good,  and 


produces  rxcclknt  w<iol.  The  other  iiatunl  ])ro  liic- 
tions  of  the  couury  are  tobacco,  madder,  turf,  fruit, 
iron,  ivtc.  All  the  provinces  either  lie  upon,  or  com- 
niuDi(  ate  w  ith,  the  North  ^lca,  by  means  of  the  /.indcr 
Sea.  This  /.uyder  Sea,  or  South  Sea,  was  formed  ori- 
ginally bv  a  br.inth  of  the  Rhine,  incir.ifed  aferwartU 
by  a  llream  oi  the  \'echt,  ;ind  at  length  rendered  very 
capaciou^  In  .in  imiiid.itioii  ot  the  fea,  which  h.ipp.enul 
in  the  1  jth  lentmy.  The  princiiial  rivers  are  the 
Rhine,  Maes,  Scheld,  and  Vcc;;r. 

There  arc  many  fmaller  river^  that  join  tr:efe,  :{<  d 
a  vail  number  ot  canals;  5  et  theic  are  tew  g(i(  il  har- 
bours in  the  provinces,  'i  he  belt  are  thofc  ot  Kotttr- 
dam,  Ilelvoeilluys,  and  I'luthing.  As  to  the  h.  11  hour 
of  Amlierdam,  it  is,  indeed,  one  of  the  largelf  and 
fafeft  in  Furope;  but  there  is  a  bar  at  the  cntranrc  o( 
it,  over  which  l.irgc  vellels  cannot  |.iafs,  without  being 
lightened,  or  unlo.-ided.  Lheie  arc  no  mountains  in 
thcfc  provinces;  and  the  only  lake,  piopcrl}-  fo  called, 
is  that  of  Haaerlem.  The  provinces  arc  w  til  ciihivated, 
and  very  populous,  cfpecially  that  ot  I  lu'.land,  which, 
in  this  rcfpcct,  perhaps,  has  not  its  equal  in  theiinivcrre. 
The  towns  arc  very  agreeable,  being  kept  exceedingly 
clean  ;  and  having  canals  in  the  maldle  of  the  tlrci  ts, 
planted  with  trees.  Ihe  number  (<t  inhibirmts  is 
computed  ac  about  two  millions.  The  animals  hen- 
are  much  the  lame  as  in  Lngland;  but  their  hories  and 
horned  cattle  ate  of  a  larger  li/.e.  Storks  build  and 
hatch  on  the  chtmnies;  but,  being  birds  ol  pallage, 
they  leave  the  country  about  the  middle  ol  .'Xugull, 
with  their  young,  and  return  the  lebruaiy  ''c'llowmg. 
It  is  (aid  there  are  (bme  wiki  boars  and  wolves  heie  ; 
and  that  neither  oyllers  or  herrings  aie  to  be  found 
upon  the  (■('■•H;  but  of  other  tilh  they  h.ive  the  (cvei.il 
forts,  bcnh  1.;    iicir  lias  and  livers. 

'I'liom'Ji  the  ipiantity  ol;;;!';!''!  produced  here  is  n^  t 
fulTicient  tor  home  confumptioiii  tlioiigh  woods  aic 
unknown;  and,  in  line,  though  the  1  lollamk  rs  have 
very  teu  lta])le  commodities,  fueli  is  their  meicantilc 
turn,  and  luch  their  geneiil  indulliy,  as  to  tiirnilh  them 
ill  an  ample  degree  with  all  the  comlbrtsoi  life. 

S  I;.  C  r  1  O  N 


lAl'HV. 

oik  i  Ci'icat  K.\i!in  rii^ 
iJ.ttitin  for  i:  Lulus ; 
c  liL-longin^  lo  loimt 
1722  by  Conic  Moim- 
liicl  mirfci)  am!  Il.it  oi' 

Is,  aiul  tl'i'  conrincs  of 
1  a  gri.Mt   liiKii   niami- 

;  a  (iiic  city,  ticAr  tlio 
nth  ot  l.cihau,  .iiiii  ;S 

kingol'  IJolunua,  m- 
.     It  if,  well  fortiluil, 

I'lwif}  rtilc.  k  ha>  a 
luilaCloiy  ot  ( 1(  til,  yii 
itilcaii  iiioiialU'i  \ ,  aiul 

1-iifitia  arc  fmular  to 
iticis  bflnpg  to  .1  coii- 
L't  ullki'iN  ot  \\  hicli  arc 
the  laiul  caprain,  ar,tl 
aic  thi-  U|i|^ir  Ollitc 
olc  is  ili\  ;iJitl  into  five 
hmg  worthy  ol  iiutitc. 


'  I  i\  C  E  S. 


:•  ot'itT  iiaturil  proliR'- 
o,  madder,  turf,  fruit, 
ihcr  lie  upon,  or  coin- 
IV  means  of  the  /,n)ikT 
:h  Sea,  \va;  fornied  ori- 
e,  iiiere.il'ed  at";er\vards 
It  length  rendered  vorv 
he  fea,  «  hich  h.ippcuul 
riiicipal  rivers  arc  the 
r. 

er>  that  join  tlicfe,  a'  d 
K'le  are  tew  gnt  d  har- 
left  are  thofc  ot  kotter- 
ig.  As  to  the  h  irhour 
one  of  the  largfft  and 
I  bar  at  the  ciitranrc  of 
;iot  jiafs,  without  Inni; 

■  arc  no  iiiount.iiiis  in 
ike,  piopcrl}'  fo  lalled, 
nees  are  will  cul;  ivatcd, 
hat  of  Holland,  which, 
ts  equal  in  theuniverfc. 
being  kept  exceedingly 

■  iiiKldlc  of  the  llreits, 
iihcr  o\  inhibirants  is 
s.  'I'he  aiiinrds  here 
id  ;  but  their  hoi  i:  s  and 
/.e.      S:orks  build   and 

being  birds  of  palllige, 
th('  middle  ot  Augult, 
ihe  I'cbruaiy  'bllouing. 
briars  and  wolves  heie  ; 
rings  aie  to  be  found 
h  they  hive  the  Icver.il 
L'rs. 

1  produced  here  is  n^  t 
on;  though  woods  aie 
gh  ilie  !  lollandus  have 
iirh  is  their  mercantile 
liithy,  as  to  fiirnilh  thcni 
:  comforts  oi  life. 

S  I;.  C  1  1  O  N 


f 


.^ii   ' 


r 


\ 


w 


N 


h 


1 1.  :;oi'r.] 


Tl    O    1.    L    A    N    D. 


1i^ 


S  F.  C    1    I  O  N     II. 


'rivincrs. 


/'.)>,•;,,',.'.,)•  DifniplioH  rflht'/iirrttl  i'lllfi.i  /' 

As  il.i-  loiiiitry  enjoys  as  ^ii-iit  .i  foreign  trade  as 
■^  *■  .111.  m  the  univiric,  ami  i-i  of  grc.i'  iiiiporiaiKc 
III  ilu'  li.iU'  1)1  iliaifo  .:i  Imii('|)i',  wc  lluill  iicat  of  the 
[..III;  ul.ii  [iiovinco  in  tl  •:  folluuing  liilliiKt  order. 

II    C)     I,    I,    A     N    I). 

11(1  1  .'ND.h)  l:ir  ilic  null  conlidcrahlf,  and  Rivinf^ 
II. line  to  tliL-  whole  of  the  United  I'luvinccs,  is 
li:iiaii.d  .lioiit  100  miles  tothee.ill  of  lMi(;l.iiid,  being 
liouii'lid  U)  li.e  iioith  and  well  b\  the  (ieiiiian  Oi  eaii, 
to  the  i.ill  In  the  /u\di'i-  Se.i,  and  to  the  fouth  bv 
'/.i.ilaiui  ;in.i  l.'treeht.  It  is  .iboiit  loonaies  loni.',  rather 
lilv  tliaii  fj  bio.id,  anddiviiled  into  north  and  fouth, 
.Niiiu-  h\\  pl.iies  of  this  province  arc  truitfiil  in  eorn. 
bit  the^i\.iteH  [lart  coiifilts  of  very  rich  ii;)lliire  lands, 
where  conlKkiable  lienls  of  kineare  hrcil.  The  imil- 
I'l>luityot  riveis  and  canals  that  intcifeit  the  whole 
coiinti),  i'lid  torm  a  roiimuinication  between  abiioll 
tvciy  viil;'j;e  and  town,  are  of  inli.'.ite  ferviee  to  tlic 
inlaiul  (.oiiiineH'c  of  the  Kniiurv,  thoiij'h  ihey  are  of 
;  IX  .[  dil  idv.il. tai;e  to  the  climate.  I  he  province 
<  t  1  loK.iii.;  la  lo  |io|)uU);;.!,  that  the  niimbi  r  ot  in- 
li.ibitaiUa  IS  c.inipiilal  al  oiieiiuliion  two  hundred  thou- 
t.i:;d.  ill  (oiiit  nt  clealll^lu■f^,  no  coiinrrv  liirpalles, 
.1  .;  tc.  <.cH.:\  it,  ciptcuily  north  Holl.md,  and  that 
i\i'.\  lU  ti.e  villages.  I'loin  the  couii's  of  Holland 
tl.l^  _,i>)viiice  devolved,  in  I4;j6,  to  the  diikos  ot  liur- 
j'.uiivii,  aiui  Iroiii  them  tl)  thchoul'e  of  Aullria,  .iloiig 
v'Ui  the  o;her  provinces.  1  he  liates  lor  1  lollaiid  and 
Well  1  ;i>.ilaiid  are  compol'ed  of  the  no'iii;t\  ami  de- 
p.ities  ol  the  towns.  Ol  the  latter  tlure  .iie  einlueen 
th.it  fend  ile,).!tie.^  lo  the  alieinbb.  of  ih;'  ll.ites,  which 
{■<  held  at  the  Hajue.  The  grand  ]Hn!:onary  is  a 
perfoii  ol  giv.u  dignity  and  weight  in  ihi.s  allembly, 
a  ;d  hi>  olj'.ce  requires  extrai.)rdiiiary  abiiiucs.  There 
.lie  .illo  two  councils  compiled  of  de'niiie:i,  one  for 
^^ludl  and  another  lor  Nrrih  Holland,  who  have  the 
cogni/.ance  ot  the  revenue  and  military  atl'airs.  The 
w tune  province  fends  one  dvjuiiy  Ironi  aiiiniig  the  no- 
ble,le  lo  tiie  Itates-general,  w  lio  takes  precedence  of 
al  oUurs,  to.;ether  with  three  or  lour  more.  There 
.i;.  f.i.i  Uipume  einirts  ol  judicature  for  Holland  and 
/v.u.iiul,  VI..  the  great  couiicil  of  1  lolland  and  Ze.r- 
1.1..1  ,  .liul  ti.e  hot,  or  court  of  1  loUan.l.  To  thcfe 
appe.il.,  he  from  thr  towns;  but  the  caull^of  noble- 
11.^. I  ■.onir  before  diem  in  the  lirll  inllaii'-e.  With  re- 
l\\\.i  lo  the  ecLltiialHcal  governiiient,  there  is  a  fynod 
luLi  aiiiuially  both  in  South  and  North  Holland,  of 
w  .'.y!i  the  foiiiiei  contauu  eleven  tlallV-,  and  the  lat- 

1^1    li.V. 

South  Holland  contains  the  followin;:  towns : 
l>>rL  is  lituated  (4  miles  from  .AmIlriJam,  0:1  an 
ill.iiid  that  was  formeil,  m  I421,  by  the  overiiow  ing 
c/t  the  Maes  and  Merwe.  It  is  lb  very  lUong,  from 
II -.  natural  advantages,  that  few  artilicial  fortilications 
Kimrciiuilite.  It  cont.mis  the  n.int  for  .South  Hol- 
taiui,  a  gymnalium,  and  .1  commodious  luirbour.  The 
tov  11  is  large  and  po|)ulou:,  the  llreets  bro.id  and  well 
j'lued,  and  tlie  hiuifv-.s  high,  and  built  with  brick.  Itis 
.iilmirably  calciilaied.  In  it,  lituation,  tor  commerce  j 
p  .rticul.u ly  ill  gram,  linen,  thread,  timber,  and  Rhenifli 
w  lie,  I  he  two  l.itter  articles  olvvliich  are  brought  down 
the  n\i'f  from  d'ermany.  .S'rangers  ulualiy  go  to 
v.ew  an  apartment  in  the  Guildhall,  where  the  ccle- 
biated  Uiiod  was  held  in  1(119, for  terminiting  the  re- 
iigio  IS  d:l}'e:eiKcs  between  the  Arminians.  and  Cio- 
maii'iis.     D.irt  is  t.imous  for  its  t'almon  lilhery. 

Haiirlem  is  a  city  of  great  conlideratoii,  as  well  as 
.uUijiut;.,  luiKittd  on  the  river  .Spcren,  10  miles  well 
ol  ■Amllrrd;un.  It  has  eight  gates,  is  ftirromuled  by  a 
VI .ill,  aiu!   eoiuaiiis  a   great    miinber   ot    inhabitants. 


wars  ;  \\  hen  the  ('hriHians  defign d  to  t)ellege  DainictiJI 
in  I'gvpi,  1  pr.ilii  I'lus  iron  t  ha  n  obl'rucled  the  paf- 
fagc  i:;to  rhe  harbour.  'I  Ins  cli.im  ihc'  Ih.ips  ( t  \  I  lar'i  111 
iiiuleric  ok  !o  Ii-.m!--,  .ind  fuccieiUil  m  tlie  JLiz-aulous 
attempt,  v^lueli  fnihiated  the  c.iptnrc  of  ilie  pl.ice. 
As  a  |in.iiiori.!l  01  thh  iranliuiion,  t!-e  aim-iol  the  1  uv 
are  a  fwoid,  iHtwetii  tinir  flars,  and  a  crofs  ovti  ihc 
point,  with  tliis  nio;'(',  //</•..  ^rl<l/  ■i,ii:::  ,•  or,  \a- 
lour  vaiu|uill:e~  viol  ■lue. 

The  Uoiiian  (atholii  ■  are  nm.-c  mimnoiis  than  thr 
Protellants.  .■\  mull  e\;rav.ig;;nt  talk',  with  rega-d  to 
flowers  once  presided  liere  ;  .(here  feverii  kiiuls,  par- 
ticularly tulps,  weie  bought  and  liil  I  at  an  enormous 
price,  (rre.it  iiuantiius  ^,^  liain,  ti  read,  ivr.  are 
bleached  here,  as  the  w.iters  ot  the  place  au  pccuiiirly 
excell  ut  tor  liit  h  purpolc-.  'llie  Diiildini'-  here  are 
all  of  buck,  and  [hellneis  Itra'r,  and  embe'lifhed  with 
caraU.  Ihe  gnat  iluirili  1-,  oii'- ol  the  linell  lliuc- 
ttire>  III  the  Nethei lands  and  contains  among  orhcr 
things,  iwolilver  bells.  The  lladt-lioufe  is  amagnihccnt 
budding,  adoMi'.-d  with  very  lin- paintings.  Ikre  arc 
4  Dutch,  I  Ireiuh,  I  l.uiheraii,  1  .\rminian,  and  5 
.Anab.iptilt  churches,  with  man)  Roman  C'atliolu. 
chapels. 

Ha.iilem  is  the  lecoiul  in  order  among  the  voting 
c  ities  in  I  lolland,  and  its  government  conlilis  ot  lour 
bur:',omalieis,  leveii  ei'ciiev  ms,  one  li.  out,  aiuithiii)- 
two  I'mators.  The  manuf.utiiris  are  linen  cloth,  rib- 
bon., i.ipe,  thread,  Idk,  velvet,  ivi.-.  (iooi  beer  is 
bievid  here,  great  n'.iiinities  of  wliich  .ue  exported. 
I'hi  (It)  claims  the  lionour  of  having  given  birth  to 
Lauiviice  ^.'oller,  the  |)reteniled  inventor  of  printing, 
and  iheliitl  b(K)k  he  printed  is  kept  in  the  lladt-houfe  ; 
as  is  the  llatiie  of  l.aiiieiue  Colter  in  the  town  houlie. 
There  is  a  communication  with  the  lake,  and  with 
.\ii  llerilam  and  l.evden,  by  means  of  leveral  canals, 
Seh.mes  h.ive  been  often  formed  for  draining  the  lake, 
but  uevirpiit  in  execution.  Totlie  fouth  ol  the  town 
lies  a  wood, cut  into  delighttul  vulk:.and  villas.  V\'hen 
the  .Spaniards  laid  liege  to  this  p<lace,  in  1  57),  for  the 
fpace  of  ten  months,  the  inhabitants  fullaineel  innu- 
merable hardlhips.  In  the  \e.ir  1-52  an  acadciiiy  of 
fciences  was  tounds>!  here,  which  has  fmce  produced 
foine  eminent  men. 

Deltt,  tour  m.les  foiith-eall  from  the  Hague,  is  re- 
torted to  on  account  of  its  plcafant  tituation,  bv  rich 
people  who  have  retired  troni  bulinels.  In  the  great 
chinch  is  a  magnilicent  maul'oleum,  erceU'd  in  idoy, 
at  the  e.\};ence  ot  the  llates-general,  to  the  memory  of 
William  1.  prince  of  Orange,  who  was  bal'ely  aliaf- 
linatcd  b)  an  emitlary  of  I'hilip  11.  king  ot  Spain. 
\i  the  feet  of  the  rriiue's  llatue  lies  a  dog,  vvho  is  faid 
to  have  died  of  grief  when  iiis  mailer  was  murdered. 
.'\moiig  other  ll.itely  monuments  in  the  old  church  is 
that  of  the  renowned  admiral  Van  Tronip.  Deltt  is 
tiuiious  tor  its  tine  earthen-ware,  made  in  imitation  of 
china,  and  known  h\  the  name  of  Del  ft  ware.  The 
tow  I  hoiife  is  adorned  with  feveral  llatues,  as  thole  of 
Julii  e,  Trudence,  Mercy  ;  and  over  the  gate  is  a  dif- 
tich,  which  may  be  thus  tranllated  1 

'I  Ids  hoide  loves  peace,  and  honours  virtue' .  catife  ; 
C  hecks  crimen — hates  v  ice.s — and  prefcives  good  law  .s, 

Ti.e  arfenal  lor  tlie  province  of  Holland,  two  pow- 
der magazines  for  the  province,  and  two  for  the  i^c- 
iiiiii!ili,A\x  kept  here,  as  are  likewife  the  deputies 
yachts,  which  arc  very  beautifully  decoia'cd.  This 
cit\  is  two  miles  in  circumference,  of  an  oblong  figi.ire, 
furroumleil  by  an  >  Id  \\:\\\  and  ditch,  and  defended 
againll  munduioiis  ii\  three  dams  and  dykes.  Here, 
as  in  moll  other  provinces,  arc  chimes  extreme!)  har- 
monious; they  play  one  tune  at  the  lirll  quarter  alter 
cverv  hour,  two  at  the  next,  three  at  the  next,  and  four 
beliire  the  lioui  Ihikes. 

l.eyden  is  one  of  tlie  largell,  pleafantell,  .and  moll 
mainilicciu  cities  m  I  lolland.       It  is  lituated  lix  miles 


h 


Is   vei 


lar- 


bur 


n  >t 


tl 


iviic 


Du 


tinu 


tlie 


holv 


.ill  from  the  oc 


e;in,  aiie 


I   ly  fouth  of  Amllerdam.     It 


■m 


M' 


t.o  A  NKNV,  ROYAL  anp  AUTlll.NTIC  SV 

MaH  f  rcifli'd  on  llu'  ,iiu  iciu  Lhaniul  .if  thr  Rhine,  uhiih 
}\illis  ihiiiiigh,    intiTlccis,  .uul  ilnulf'.  il    mio  Icsi'ral 
i|1.iikI.<,  th.u  niiit  .ig.im  .\l»)iit  thi'  uhiti-  ti.itc.      It  has 
S  JUKI'S,  24  waril.s,  liibiliMiiiil  inio  90  Idler  parts,   <o 
itlanils,  ut  whiih  ;i  nuy  In- lailcil  rcnimi  liy  htuts,  1  So 
(hi'fts,    14s  briil^cs,  ami  42  towers  on  the  walls.    The 
dm  hcs  are  broail,  ilerp,  anil  i  irciinili  ribeil  by  a  qiiiik- 
iVt   heilge.      The    ilj>lanadc   is  atli)riutl  with  rows  of 
trees,  aiul  has  the  ranipait  on  one  I'ule,  a;ui  };ari)ens  or 
nieaiiows  on  the  other.     The  luiulc'i  aie  ni\)',niln fit 
anil    neat,  the  Iheets  broad  and  elean,  anil  the  canals 
regular  and  agreeable.      In  the  niidille  ot  the  town  is  a 
round  Uronj;  to«i'r,  called  tl'.e  lliir;^h,   mIik  h  nuafiircs 
610  feet    111  circiiinferenie,  and   has   an  afcent   of  50 
lleps,  and  a  fine  firolpevf  frnin  it->  fiiinmit.      The  biir- 
UraNC  of    Ixvden    take     their    ajipellation   from   the 
biir^r,  or  tower.     The  great  church  is  a  nohlollruc- 
tiire,   with  a  lolty  root,  larj^e  w  indows,  and  three  rows 
tit  elegant  pillars  on  eai  h  tide  of  the  choir.     This,  as 
veil   as    the    other  (lunches,  lontain   le\eral  remark- 
able nionLniciu-,  an. I   other   ciinolitiei.     Anionjj;   the 
i\\\,  in  the  church  ot   Notre  Dame,  l^  the  iiiononieiit 
ot  the  celibraf.'d  Jolcph  Si  aliger.    \  lere  are  many  hol- 
jiital.-i,  which  are  kipi  w  ith  that    runarkable   neatnef^ 
peculiar  to  tlie  Dutch.    The  ori^han-houle  only,  main- 
lains    900  d'.ildien.     The   Ihidt-houl'e   is  a  capacious 
biiildinj;,  with  ahandfomc  Hone  tront.     In  the  burj^o- 
ii'alter's  chamber  is  .1   line  jiiece  of  painting,  by  l.uke 
ot'  l,e\den,  repreleiumg  the   Latl    Day  ot  jiid;;mint. 
I'he  waters  in  Ibnie  ot  the  canal.-.,  in  hot  weaihei,  iilej 
to  nrow  llagnanti  on  which  a.  inint  t«o  large  cinaK, 
a  lew    seals  lime,   were  niaiic,  on  <>ne  ot   whuh   two 
mills  were  focontrived  as  tofor  e  water  into  the  town, 
and  on  the  other  two  mills  of  a  iliHerent  conllriiction 
Will'  tonued  to  dra«'  it  Irom  thence,  w  hirh  has, in  I'ome 
incalure,  remcvlied  the  gieat   iiiconsenience  coniplam- 
fd  of.      I  he  univcnity  belonging   to    this  city  is   its 
greattiV  glory.     It   was  founded,  \.  D.   I57.{,  by  the 
ilar-s -general,  as  fbmc  rccoinpencc  to  the  inhabitants 
tor  ihe  great  hardlhips  they  had  undergone  ;  and  IcH'es 
thc\   had  liiltained,   when   they   w  ere  beliegci!  by    the 
.Spaniards.      The  li  hool  is  a  capacious  pile  ot   build- 
ing, three  Hones   high  ;  in   the   uj'permoll    llories  of 
\\nKh  the   telebrated  T'.l/.evir  had  hi.s  printing  olVice. 
This  univerlity  has  produced  many  k-arned  [)rofclii)rs, 
ill    particular    Liplius,  Scaliger,  Saliiialius   Heniiius, 
.md  ISoerhaiue.      Phytic  and   law  are  the  predominant 
Ihidies  ;  and  the  number  ot  fliidents   have   Cometiines 
aii'Oiinted  to   :a03  :    but    onlv  two  of  tne  colleges  are 
endowed,  I'o  that  the   Ihii^luiN  w  ho  do   not    belong  to 
them  aie   oMi^jcd   to   board  ihemfelves  in   tlic  town. 
When  marriculated,  ilie  Icholars  have  great  privileges, 
and    even  belcre    m  itricul.ition  are   to  tar  Irom  being 
obliged  to  confoini  to  an  academic  ilrcfs,  that  they  are 
fu  n  permitred  to  wear  I  words.     The  univerlity  is  go- 
Ncnicd  bv  three  curators.      The  rector  i.s  elected  annu- 
nllv,  and  has  hi<   own  .TtllfTors.      Near  the  I'chool  is  a 
phvtic-garilen,  where  the  botanical  jirofeHor  leads  his 
ftvfures  i  and  the  Indian  cabinet  contains  a  great  luiiii- 
ler  (it  curiolities.     'iiic   anatomy   hall    i-i  an  octagon 
I  Hiding,  the  walls  of  which  art  adorned  with  pilatters 
■'.lul  cornices;  and  the  library,  toundcd  by  William  I.  i.s 
well  turnillicd  with  books.  Tne  cloth  manufactory  here 
;.i  much  decay  v.d,  which  tbrmcriy  Hounlhed  to  a  great 
degree.  This  city  is  famous  tor  tin  long  and  feveie  liege 
tr  maintained  in  15-;^  againft  the  Sjianiards.     We  can- 
not help  mentioning  the  reply  of  that  illiilhious  iiiagil- 
irate,  .Adrian  ileX'erf,  when  the  ciri/ens  rcprefi nted  to 
him  the  havotk  made  bv  ihe  famine  during  the  liege, 
.i.id  inlilUd   ii[H)n   his    I'urrendcring  :  "  friends,  (laid 
he,)  here  is  my  body,  divide  it  among  you,   to   fatisty 
voiir  hunger,  but  banitli  all  thoughts  ot  lurrendering  to 
ihe   cruel  and    [jcrlidious  Spaniard."     Thev  took   his 
advice,  in  regard  to  their  not  fiirrendering,  and  never 
would  lifien  to  any  oveniiie^  ;   but  told  the  Spaniards, 
they  would  hold  out  as  long  a.s  they  had  an  arm  to  eat, 
and  another  to  fight. 

Ainllcidam  is  the  capita!  not  only  of  the  province 


STF.M  01  l-NMVIRSAl.  ClO(;RAPIIV. 

of  Holland,  but  of.  '  the  ImitCil  N'etheilands.  It, 
litiiation  Hon  the  river  \mllel,  and  an  aim  ol  the  f.-i 
I  tailed  V\)e.  It  is  in  51  dig.  :o  mm.  north  lit.,iiid 
,  .(  deg.  \o  mm.  call  loni;.  and  cuMhI  in  a  iiior,i|\,  ,)'.\ 
I  tlroii^and  cxteiilise  pile,  in  the  toini  ol' a  i  lefee.it. 
I  Ihe  itadt-hoiife  alone  haih  upwards  ot  i;)o,oo)  llroiiL' 
I  piles  ol  wood  tor  Its  foundation.  Tins  cm  is  luppolui 
i  10  have  deriM'd  its  name  lioni  the  river  Ainllel.or 
1  troiM  a  tortrels  en  the  Amilel  ol  the  lime  apjilicaiion. 
I  However,  it  i;  mot!  pmbable,  tli.it  it  miiveil  1; , 
,  name  trom  theiiver,  w  hu  h  is  toniud  by  the  conlUuni, 
I  ol  leveral  llrcains  .iboiii  lis  miles  .iliove  the  citv,  and  .i 
1  dam  which  is  deliunedto  piwent  tl.u  river  from  ovn 
I  flowing  the  countu  ;  thili-  loined  togi  ilier  make  Am- 
I   lhl-l)am,  which  h.iih  been  'oriuptui  to  /\nilleidaiii. 

It  was  founded  towards  the  latter  end  ot  the  i;rh 
I  century,  and  rofe  gradiiilK  triim  being  only  a  fiiLill 
lilhing  village  to  its  prelent  Ihiie  of Opulem  e  and  im- 
portance. Ihe  \mHel  di\ides  it  into  t»i)  grand  di\i. 
lions,  and  having  lilled  all  its  canals  there,  ag.iinfub. 
divides  it  into  various  finall  ill. mils.  .\  1  ommunication, 
however,  1,  maintained  by  a  g' e.it  niiml;:  r  of  bridges  , 
and  the  mails  ol  the  mulliiude  of  llips.rows  of  trees, 
^:c.  give  an  idea  to  the  beholder  ot  a  loielt  in  a  town. 
The  plantagie  is  a  place  laid  out  in  beautiful  walk->. 
and  planted  with  trees  ;  and  on  the  Wvc  is  a  delighttul 
walk,  whii  hiommandsaii  admiral  leprorpci.  Tiie  cty 
ot  Amilcrdam,  next  to  l.oii  ion,  is  tf.oiight  to  be  lie 
mod  extenlive  citv-  111  Chiiltendom.  It  is,  without  any 
manner  ot  doubt,  one  ot  the  greatell  trading  I'orts 
and  not  perhaps  interior  toanvciry  ti  r  ricbc  It  a. 
lurroumiiil  with  brick  walN,  .uid  a  laigei.ich,  ,inj 
the  gates  are  built  with  lrie-lh)nc.  The  walls  are 
high,  ke[)t  in  good  repair,  and  tlankcil  with  :()  baf- 
tions.  'ihe  harbour  is  lliut  up  with  large  Hakes  ol 
piles  drove  pcrpendiculaily  intotl.-.-  I'ot.om  ot  the  wa- 
ter, and  |oiited  together  on  the  top  by  llrong  be.inis 
pl.accd  hori/.ontaliy  ;  with  ojjcnings  between  tf.em  to- 
Ihipstogo  111  anil  out  ;  but  thet'e  openings  aie  e\ejy 
night  tluit  U[)  by  booms,  laid  acrols  and  locked,  after 
ringing  of  a  bell,  to  give  notice  to  thofe  w  ho  would 
go  out  01  come  m  to  m.ikehalle.  Heyond  the  ditch  thii 
furrouiids  the  walls  there  is  a  dyke  to  receive  the  watii 
ot  the  canals  winch  would  overHow  the  neighbouring 
meadows,  that  are  a  great  deal  lower  than  the  water 
in  thccanaLs.  On  each  tide  of  the  b.illions  there  is  a 
windmill  to  grind  corn  i  aiui  round  the  whole  city  is  a 
great  number  of  mills  for  faw  iiig  boards,  preparing  to- 
bacco, making  gunpowder,  .md  man)  other  ule-. 
'ihe  gates  are  very  line,  pirticularly  that  of  1  l.iaerlem, 
which  is  a  noble  piece  ol  .irchitectine  :  it  is  all  of  free 
llonc,  and  adorned  on  e.ich  tide  with  large  columns, 
with  a  lion's  head  on  the  top  I'feach.  'Ihis  gate  1 
-^  teet  high,  and  the  arch  of  it  19.  In  the  middle  1 . 
jiLaccd  t'lie  new  coat  of  .inns  of  thecity,  viz.  Ciults, 
a  pale  table  and  three  loltiirs  with  crelf  and  linpen.d 
Crown,  fupiiorted  by  two  lions.  The  bridge  over  the 
Aiiiltel,  which  joins  one  tide  of  the  rarnpart  to  the 
other,  IS  one  ol  the  linell  IhucUires  of  that  kind  in  tin 
whole  country.  The  three  principal  lanals,  which  run 
through  the  city,  in  the  torm  ot  lemicirclcs,  are  the 
I  leere-dragr,  tile  Keyfers-Cr'iagt,  and  the  Frince- 
Ciragt  i  that  is  to  (ay,  the  c.inals  of  the  Lords,  tin 
I'-inperor,  and  the  I'lince.  The  ipiays  of  them  art- 
all  ot  tree-done,  and  adorned  on  both  tides  with 
noble  houfcs,  and  line  rows  ot  lottv  trees.  MoH  o! 
the  houfcs  upoinhofe  canals  have  veryplealant  gardens 
behind  them. 

Ihe  houles  of  Amfterdam,  ingeneral,arc  handfomelv 
built,  either  with  brick  or  (fone.  Ihe  Hreets  are  f[)a- 
cious,  well  jiavtd,  tmbtllithed  with  trees,  and  have 
canali  palling  through  them.  Here  are  eleven  Dutch 
C'ahinilts,  one  higli  Dutch,  two  I  rcnch,  and  three 
Knglilh  churches;  but  only  the  CalviniHs  havethe  pri- 
vilege of  uling  bells.  Ihe  Uoman  Catholics  have 
twenty  Icveii  chapels,  and  a  kind  of  cloilfcr,  the  nun. 
of  which,  however,  are  allowed  'o  go  abroad,  and  to 
many  if  they  picale.  The  Jews,  Ariiiinians,  Anabap- 
I  I  tilU, 


f  //</, 


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f 


r 


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I 


t.llAPHV. 

iiiti'il  Wtlicilaiuls.     ]{^ 

,    .lt)(l  .I'l   .11  III   1)1    till-  I'tM 

:o  iiiin.  north  lit.  anil 
ii\ii.'il  III  a  iiiomI's,  oil 
till'  till  Ml  i)t'  a  I  tilVfu. 

u.iiiK  ot  I  )o,o  )J  llninL', 
Tliif  cm  IS  rii|>])oKl| 

Ml  till-  rivtr  AiiilUl.dr 
1)1  (111-  lanii.'  a|>jili(';iiiiiM. 

Il',    tlr.lt     It      111  llVl'ii     i;  , 

oriiicil  liy  the  LOiilliu  111, 
Il  •-  .liii'M.-  till'  I  ity,  and  .1 
iiii  t!,is  risiT  tVoiu  iiviT- 
lU'i)  td^'ctliiT  ni.ikc  Am- 
riii(ittil  to  AiiillcT(iain. 

laiicr  tuil  lit  the   I  ith 

iiiiii   Ihim)^  uiilv  a   fill, ill 

all"  o(  opulciii  I-  .iiiil  iiii- 

s  it  into  tuo  i;r.iiul  dw  i. 

lanals  iluic,  :i;;.iin  I'lil). 

mds.   ,\  I  (imiminicatioi), 

c'.it  niiml);r  of  l)riil}.'c-.  , 

c  of  l!  ij's,  rows  lit  tries, 

(  r  o|   a  loit  11  in  a  town. 

nit    in  hcatiril'iil  ualk-i, 

in  ti.c  \\)c  :-  a  lii  lii^litti!) 

iinal  lepi(;fj)e-i.  '1  in.'  i.'.t> 

on,  IS  tl-.oiij'lit   to  be  the 

iiloiii.     It  IS  uiihout  an. 

\c  fTcartil   rraii'i!!.^ '"lit  , 

nv  (ity  II  r   ricl'c       It  i^ 

,  .iiiil  u   large  I.  ich,  .inJ 

f-UoMc.      'I'hc  walls  arr 

and  llankid  with  :(>  luf- 

t  up   u  ith  iarj^c  Hakes  ol 

ito  tl.i'  I'ot.om  ot  tliL  w.i- 

llie  top  by  ItroiifT  he.niii 

pininj;s  between  ti.eiii  to- 

t  thele  opiiini'^s  an;  e\eiy 

il  at  rol>  and  loi  ked,  ;iti;  t 

lotiie  to  thofe  whowinil.l 

lite.  Ueyoml  the  ditch  tli.ii 

I  dyke  to  receive  the  watci 

ivertloM  the  neifjilioiinii;', 

deal  lower  than  the  ware; 

ot"  the  h. ill  ions  there  is  a 

1  round  I  he  whole  city  is  a 

.1  iii!^  board.s,  jueparing  tn- 

aiid     many    other    ii(c  . 

icularly  that  ot  llaaerkiu, 

lutectiiie  :  it  is  all  of  free 

1  tile   with  larj^e  columns 

[)[)  of  each.     This  !',atc  i- 

if  it  ii;.      In  the  middle  i  • 

s  of  the  city,  viz.     (iulf  s 

rs  «ith  crelf  and  Impel i.il 

;)ns.    The  bridge  over  thc 

le  ol   tlic   ramp.irt   to  the 

iiuUires  of  that  kind  in  the 

rincipal  canals,  w  hich  run 

rni  ot    lemicircles,  arc  the 

■  C/ragt,  and   the    Prinee- 

c.iilals  of  the  Lords,  the 

The  ipiays   of  them  arc; 

net!  on  both    tides     with 

s  ot  loftv  tire.s.      Mot!  o' 

have  veryplcalant  gardens 

,  ingeneral.arc  handfrtmei' 
lone.      I  he  t*reets  are  Ipa- 
lied    with   trees,  and  have 
1.      Here  are  eleven  Dutch 
1,  t«o  I'rcnch,  and   three 
the  CalviniHs  havethe  pn- 
le    Roman  Catholics   have 
I   kind  of  cloider,  the  nun> 
wed  'o  go  abroad,  and  to 
Jews,  Aniiinians,  Anabap- 
1  tiltii. 


^ /yi'f//'fff/ /  WAyiKV.a's,   l/r.  ^y.>^, ttn'/(\\',(M\\{\Y\\\  //iN/.i/io/ !•//  'li'>/t'f'    /tn/iff(/t/ . 


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1 1 


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iir»i 


BiliiP 

n 

i;P:l  i 


W^-i 


ii 


!    .<l 


!3'V?»-P 


1 


ff^ 


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^^ 


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\:, 


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ill 

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Iff' 

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ill:* 

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//,/-^,^,;r-A /WWKV.^'s.    \,.r,  ^//.•/,ni  ,/ (\V.()(\\\\\'\\\  '  At///../,, ,/  //^  /',,/, f/-    /,i/,,)//y 


f /,//•!•/ ///f,     \r/ff//f//,/fr//,^'//i(.fi7,fr////io,-///<    ^f ///<'/>     (///■>/,'/' 


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/ /i/f)'/  ///r,     //.ir//,r/  ff/ ,      h/f.i/,  /  //,/ ///  ,f /////// //t/f //,/'/'/  '//'if //<'<'»    '/I'fC.i. 

/  /   /  '' 


I  III/',  //ly   .     ) 


r.UROPE.] 


II    O    I,    L    A     N    D. 


///.i/i'/i//f 


//' 


71 


tills,  ^:c.  arc  likeuilV  places  of  wordiip;  but  all  who 
arc  not  of  the  (.■(l.iblillii.i.l  icliixion  nuilf  tint  marry  in 
tlu'ir  !)uii  mode  uithout  the  peculiar  perniillion  of  ilie 
iiLiv'iliiacy.  In  a  court  yaril  licloiiLMiig  to  one  of  the 
Jew.  I\  iiagogucs  are  Icliools  where  <  I'iliireii  are  in- 
ilrueteil  in  the  principies  of  the  Jew  i'.h  religion  and 
tnu  'ht  Hebrew. 

'.\'!iat  thcv  term  rhc  l.ombartl  is  a  cor['Onuion, 
cur-owered  b\  authority  to  lend  nioney  upon  pledges 
at  a  moderate  mtcrelh  The  bank  here  was  founded  in 
1609.  All  payments,  exceedmg  the  funi  cf  three 
liundreil  guilders,  mull  be  made  in  bank.  I3ank 
irotiry  is  generally  about  five  per  cent,  better  than 
cuiicnt,  and  the  dilllrciiLe  is  termed  the  agio.  Inllead 
of  drawing  an  intcrell,  every  proprietor  p;us  conlider- 
ably  lor  keeping  hi-;  money  in  the  bank,  th.-  credit  of 
winch  is  vej-y  great,  as  de|)ending  not  I'o  much  upon 
the  trc-afurc  aetiially  depolited  there,  as  upon  the  fecu- 
rity  of  the  city,  and  even  of  the  republic.  It  is  under 
the  care  and  infpeetion  of  the  burgomallers.  This 
city  has  a  great  Iharc  not  only  of  the  trade  carried  on 
in  Europe,  but  in  all  the  rcli  of  the  world;  and  in 
particular,  it  is  in  pofrellion  of  one  half  of  that  vail 
commerce  carried  on  by  the  Dutch  to  tlie  liall  holies, 
and  governs  the  whole. 

'ihe  in.iudrv  of  the  inhabitants  of  Amrtenlam  is 
ama/.ing;  all  are  cm(>loyed  in  fomf  trade,  nianufac- 
luies,  or  bulinefs,  and  none  are  idle,  but  inch  as  either 
V.  ar.t  hands,  or  Itreiifjh  to  ufe  them.  i'r.e  number  of 
inliahiiants,  is  computed  at  about  two  hundred  tlinu- 
fand,  ot  \.  hich  a  great  part  are  F.ipids  and  Jews.  The 
grcatcli  tliliulvantages  this  city  labours  under  are  the 
want  ot  good  air  aixl  water.  .'\t  t'-.e  moutli  of  the 
harbour  is  a  bar,  which  cannot  be  palled  by  large  Ihips, 
till  they  aie  lightened. 

This  city  cannot  properly  be  faid  to  he  adorned  with 
any  Iquares:  the  principal  place  I'o  called  is  ihe  dam, 
which  is  very  irregular,  and  has  no  capital  building 
but  th.c  Ihult-houle,  whiiii  is  a  noble  oolong  edifice  ot 
frec-llonc,  2S2  leet  in  leiv.ih,  2-^5  in  breadth,  and  1  ;6 
in  lieight.  The  arcime:ture  of  the  new  lladt-houfe 
is  admirctl  by  molV.  .\i  the  entrance  on  the  right 
band  is  the  hall  of  jullice,  :muI  below  llaiis  is  theollice 
of  the  bank,  and  the  piifons  both  for  debtors  and  cri- 
minals, and  a  guard-cliamher.  There  arc  ejght  large 
cillerns  ot  water  on  the  liimmit  of  the  whole  labric,  to 
be  conveved  bv  pipes  toeverv  room  in  the  building  in 
1  ale  ot  tire;  and  the  very  chimnies,  In  way  of  pre- 
caution, aie  lined  with  copper.  The  cupola  allbrds 
an  agreeable  and  extenlive  profpej,  and  has  a 
round  tower,  riting  50  teet  above  the  root,  fupporled  by 
jiilkus,  adorned  with  llatues.  It  iji  turnillud  villi  a 
}j,o;)d  chiriie  ol  bells.  'I'his  noble  edifice  is  unfurnilh.ed, 
and  likely  to  remain  fo,  through  a  luperltitious  motive  ; 
as  the  Dutch  pretend  that  their  dellruciion  ilepends  on 
1I-.  completion,  and  produce,  to  vindicate  this  notion, 
^\\  old  prophec},  which  imjilies, 

W'iien  men  a  tinilhed  piece  the  lladt-houfe  call, 
Ihe  beven  United  I'roviixes  Ihall  fall. 

'['he  new  church  of  .St.  Catherine  is  a  m.igniliccnt 
cdiliee,  and  contains  many  curicus  pieces  ol  Uiilptuie, 
pauiiid  windows,  i\"c. 

The  admiralty  houfe  is  an  old  building,  having  been 
formerlv  a  nunnery,     'iheaifenal  is  a   line  llrueture, 
2O0  teet  long  and  22  t)road.     Near  the  arfcnid  is  the 
dock,  which  is  508  feet  in  length,  and   has  the  tlorc- 
hoiifes,  iliip  carjjcnreis  hou.'es,  ^;^.  ccnriguoiis.     The 
liall  liulia  i  loule  is  a  very  large  building,  and  contains   I 
w  prodi:',ious  ipiantity  of  various  articles.      The  livlia  I 
company  hath  likewife  a  maga/ineor  a'fen.il  indepen-  ! 
ileiit  o(   that  jull  meniioned. 

Amlleidam  cont.iins  many  hofpitals,  w  l-.ich  together 
jiiamiaia  anil  relieve  great  numbers  ot  both  i'exes. 
iJeiides  ihele,  here  are  man\  [ilaces  wieie  people  .may 
have  tiiet  and  lodging  tor  life,  on  advancing  a  certain 
iuin  ol   money,  which  is  not  very  eonlideiable.     At  ; 


E2I 

many  parts  of  thecity  pnor  boxes  hang  on  tliains,  be- 
ing locked  up  and  lecuied  b)  the  ovcrieei,  of  the  poor, 
who  every  quarter  go  round  thecity,  opin  tf.e  bo.-.cs, 
and  dilhibule  the  money.  The  pl'ay-houfes  pay  half 
then-  proli's  to  the  uf.ol  t!ie  pocr.  Ail  who  entertain 
people  at  t.iirs  are  obliged  to  contribute  a  third  of 
their  profit  ;  and  all  w  ho  pals  through  pay  a  penny  for 
the  fame  purpofe. 

The  exchange  is  another  ornament  of  .\m(lerdam. 


It  is  built  over  ti-iree  arches 


under  winch  runs  [lart   ol' 


the  waters  of  the  Amilel,  thro'  a  canal  called  Kojkin, 
into  another  naiiud  Dam-Rack.  lornieily  boats 
were  I'uli'eied  to  pals  under  thofe  arches;  but  they  are 
now  locked  up  uith  v. coden  rails,  linre  it  wasd't'co- 
vered  that  fome  trait  jr;  atiempted  to  hide  under  them 
a  boat  laden  w  itli  giiiipowdcr,  in  onier  to  blow  the  ex- 
change up,  at  tl'.e  time  the  merchants  were  met  there. 
At  a  (luarter  alter  tuelve  the  gates  are  Ihut,  and  thofc 
who  come  after  that  lime  mult  pay  a  penny  for  the 
ufe  of  the  poor.  Above  liaiis,  over  the  gallery,  there 
is  a  fencing  I'chool,  the  mailer  of  which  is  appointe.l 
by  the  magilliates;  and  a  hall,  where  tlie;,  fell  ail  forts 
of  woollen  cloih.  The  cliiei  poil-oHices  ate  ad  in  the 
neig'ihourhood  of  the  excliange. 

'J  he  puhlic  hollies  olcorrtetion  are  worth  a  fl  ranger's 
view;  as  the  Ralp-houle,  where  rogues  are  inipri- 
foned,  and  kept  at  hard  lab.-iur;  cfpecially  rafping  or 
fawing  liralil  wood,  for  three,  four,  feven,  ten  )  ears. 
or  for  lile,  according  to  the  nature  of  their  crime. 
\\'hei\  they  are  incorrigible  they  are  often  put  in  a 
dungeon  where  the  water  comes  inj  fo  that  they  mult 
be  coiuiiHially  labouring  at  the  pump  to  avoid  being 
diowncih  '1  he  fpin-lioule  is  a  place  whcie  proilitetes, 
or  difordeily  women,  aie  locked  up,  and  obliged  to 
fpin  or  few  with  great'diligence  ;  but  if  they  can  beat 
the  chari'c  ol  it,  they  may  have  chambers  by  them- 
felves. 


In  the  illuilrious  fchc^ol,  or  acad 


einy,  piiM;c 


jet  u  res 
are  read  on  ihe  oriental  and  other  tongues,  divinit), 
philofoph},  hiilorv,  L\;c.  'llie  Ij.v, yers  and  ph\  licians 
base  l;keu ill- their  colleges ;  and  here  are  feseral  high 
towers  with  a  .  lock  on  e.ich,  f.<  diftributed,  that  the 
hours  ma;,  be  luard  to  llrikc  in  any  -wrt  ot  the  citv. 
'1  he  library,  near  the  fouth  church,  li  a  line  building, 
well  furiiillied  with  books. 

'J  he  lluie-v^  are  works  of  prodigious  expellee  and  art, 
and  worth  a  traveller's  notice.     Formerly  tlie  city  was 
treiiuenily  damaged  by  the  overflowing  of  the  water, 
which,  upon  ttie  blov.ing  of  the  north-call  wind,    was 
drnenout  of  the  /uyder  .Sea  and  the  U'ye,   with  fuch 
violence,  into  the  canals  in  the  llreets,  that  the  water 
overtiowings  not  only  run  into  their  cellars,  but  even 
role  to  the  full  lloor  of  their  houles  thn  tlood  in  the 
lower  pans  of  theto«n:    to  prevent   which  the  ni.-i- 
gilliates  caufed  thele  lluiees  to  be  made  at  the  mouth 
of  every  one  of  the  lour  canals  that  open  to  the  Wye, 
Thele  are  lirong  folid  brick-works,  10  or  I  2  feet  thick, 
railed   trom  the  bottom  of  tl.    river,  or  rather  gulph, 
I  to  the  kirtace  of  ttic  ground,  and  built  acrol's  r'le  ca- 
\  nals,  leaving  only  convenient  ])laces  for  the  paliage  of 
,  lliips;  which  openin>is  are  again  Unit  up   with  very 
'  thong  tlood-gaies,  able  at  all  times  to  relnl   the  force 
j  ot  the  waLcr,  and  feceie  the  iniiabitants  t'lon)  its  rage. 
'       Theri.'  is  a  fettled  cultom  in  the  Netherlands  not  un- 
I  worthy  ot  notice,  whicli  is,  that  the  cities  ■  .\\  molt  of 
I  the  villages  ha\i-  a  houle  lor  rhetoricians,  or  rather  for 
j  poets;    lor  here,  mider  the  denomin  ition  of  rhetliori- 
I  cians,  are  underilood  thofe  that  delight  inpoctrv.     As 
their  iiiclinarion  to  verl'e  is  very  ihong,  it  engages  the 
Dutch  (loets  to  erect  ()ublic  fcliools  every  where,  in  or- 
der to  exeivife  thwiulcKe.,  and  to  acquire  fome  repu- 
tation by   their  perlormancei.     '1  he  fpiel,  or  mulic- 
houfes,  are  a  kind  of  taverns,  where  young  people  of 
the  lower  elafs  meet  two  or  three  times  a  wtek,  10  en- 
tertain ihcnifcKcs  with  mulic,  dancing,  Cvii-.    The  pell- 
houte  was  built  in  ifi  (o,  and  has  jfo  wimlims. 

Amlleidam  has  two  fubuibs,  0:1c  at  the  giite  ot  the 

renuhus,  and  the  other  extendini';  to  the  village  t)f  Over- 

y  \  ton 


'  m  1 


A  NI-AV,  K(")Y\L  j,Nr>  AJI'.lI.NriC  SYSIT.M  oi   UNIVKUSAI,  CEOCiKAPHY, 


h  '■'■ 


liNi 


'i  i'- 


ill 

t,Mi,  where  bi'^.its  tliat  ciiUK'  iroi.i  Li',.(i>.n  :iic  idlUil  over 
l.in.l  upon  uoDik'ii  lulKis.  I  l.i'  iit\  is  gosi'incil  by  ;i 
fcni'.tc  of  ,iii  anil  when  a  vacanvv  liiipjuns  by  (kath, 
!•■.(.•  iVnators  clurfi- wlioni  the)  tluiik  iiiopir  to  lill  tin.- 
jil.iiC,  without  .w\y  iL'tcicnci'  to  ihc  pcopL'.  I'l'c  prin- 
(.ip.il  I  ivil  ollic-crs  in  Ar.itlcr.l.ini  i4ic  tiu'  irLafiirirs, 
who  m'.ivij:;^;  the  (Uililic  icviiMe  ;  the  1  (uit,  wliol.- 
ofliv-e  at  oiuc  ifri-iiibli's  th.it  ot  a  i>.i  ij'jiti.i:.-  "I  tlie 
police,  and  iliat  ol'a  IheiilV;  and  tlv  p.'ntioner,  who  i 
a:"ts  j5  lei'v.dLr  of  tne  city.  • 

The  militia  confiiis  oi  do  eonipanies  of  foot,  of  at  ^ 
Icall  ;o3  men  each  ;  fo  that  the  u  hole  niiriilier  is  always  | 
from  i:,cjoto  i;,ooc.  I  he  jius  ami  AnabaptilU  ! 
not  hiini;  admitted  to  bear  arms  arc  obliged  to  mam-  i 
tain  14CJ  foldier.s,  who  act  as  ti.e  city  giia'd.  1 

N'av  if^.ition  and  I'cneral  commerce,  fr.mi  this  city, 
to  1  ra:',ce  a.xl  l-'.ngljnd,  are  not  very  great;  but  the 
corrref|',onJ;nce  between  tile  bankers  ol  Amik-rdam, 
and  ll.ofe  of  London  and  Paris,  ami  the  bufinefs  of 
e>:chan:jc,  and  that  fort  of  trallic  that  deju-nds  upon 
banking,  is  higiilv  confuieiablc.  In  fnurt,  Amlleidam 
has  her  ih.ire  mail  the  bulinefs  that  is  ilone  111  I'airope, 
3r,.'.  in  moll  of  tiie  trading  vwiikl. 

To  this  provhgioiis  c\tcii:  of  foreign  commerce  we 
tiuill  add  the  mnniif.n.'hircs,wliiclT,  thoiit;ii  carried  on  m 
other  towns  of  Holl.ind,  are  a'fo  moie  or  lefspractilcJ 
in  thii-  powerful  and  opulent  city,  with  exception  only 
to  Delf  «aie  Thiie  aie  icf;:iers  for  fugir,  lair,  cin- 
niiiion,  cimphire,  bira.x,  ful,niur,  yell  ia  wax,  Cvc. 

This  cii;  was  latelv  beliegcd  b)  the  ir.io|)s  of  the 
k'ligot  l'n;iii:i.  Com;llot:on^  had  been  ex.  iteil  in  loine 
cf  'he  luie>,  wlich  Kerned  rtfoKul  to  iliprive  the 
Ihul'.hi^ld-T  ot  feveral  r'ghts  he  pulVi  ikd  as  devolving 
from  his  picdtcc(ic:;s.  \m'dll  the  general  iiimult  his 
lo^al  coiifort,  filler  to  ih  •  king  ol  I'rullia,  had  been 
treated,  at  the  inlhmce  i  1  cutam  p,  rfonshigh  111  power, 
in  a  manner  dciogatory  to  her  dignity,  'lucnfed  at 
thi»  tile  I'ruiiian  monareli  conniien>ed  hoUilit  es  ngainlt 
the  iiialioiiients,  invelled  ill.  cap;[,il  of  AndkTdam, 
caufed  the  infu.gcnt.  to  llriiiuiei,  ami  bio.ight  them 
ro  tcims  of  accommodation  witli  t!ie  Itadtliolder;  who, 
bung  reinveik'd  wit!;  his  nglits,  ami  peace  and  good 
<  rder  reliorcil  thrciighoit  the  jiruMme^  of  IkiUand, 
iiis  tioop;  eiacii.itetl  1  lie  cir;,  ol  Amileniani. 

(jou.  a,  (l.iiida,  or  T.  r-gow  ,  1 .  feated  on  the  fmall 
ri\i:(/ow,  tii.mwh'ch  it  has  its  name,  and  the  ^'llel, 
wl-..cl),  ahmit  five  niile^  l.iuer,  liills  into  the  Macs.  It 
;s  al;;ioft  of  a  round  figure,  and  en|ovsa  pretty  llealrh- 
fal  a;r,  though  feated  in  a  irarfu,  ground  j  and  In 
th.ir  Ikiices  the  inhabiiants  can  dro.v  n  all  the  adi-icent 
cci;iirn,  winch  makes  it  inacctnil'>lc,  except  by  two 
ba-iks,  (in  cadi  lide  the  Ylkl,  ul'.iLli  aie  fo  well  lorii- 
lietl,  that  no  enemy  lan  come  th.it  wa\  ;  anil  the  toun 
.s  likewife  e.icomi  alkd  v\ith  a  gcoj  wall,  and  a  broad 
.mil  difp  ihith.  The  market-place  is  rei  koncd  the 
l.irgtil  in  Ildlland,  ilu  town-houie  Hand,  in  the  mid- 
dle, and  near  it  the  great  church,  the.  paintings  on 
the  windows  of  w  hah  -  :v  extraordinary  line.  They 
.;;e  the  works  of  two  b:oIher^,  natives  of  (louiia, 
!iimed  Theodore  and  Walter  Crabeth,  the  moU  eiiii- 
lu.r  [.aiir.ers  on  glils  that  e\er  were.  The  l.uiidings 
l;viv:ire,  ,.>r  the  ii.oll  part,  irore  neat  than  (kitelv  ; 
.;■!  !  ;:ier;ry  |s  kept  very  clean,  bv  a  multitude  of  ca- 

•  ..'.  .    li.o.  fmall  curr'  nts,  that  arc  cleanled  by  the  tide, 
i  .u    :  !•■:  iiLinuficiur  .  ol  the  inli.ibitant.  are  ot   cor- 

d.i-^e.  ind  particulail,  u\'  pijies.  which  are  neat,  and 
<.i  V.:.:  h  they  havi  ii  \ety  extenlivc  tradu.  'Ihey  make 
wTo,  11  ;he  nc;-lilvi'.irhjod  of  this  city,  a  vail  quan- 
:  :  .  ol  i  ri.,!.,  a;-,d  1,'e..  it  ,s  encomp'alled,  like  molf 
<■■'•  I" '  :;e>  in  llnl-'iid,  uith  multitudes  of  prau  gar- 
liiii  ,  .1  !.  r.-e.l  uiih  •va:  niii;m-i.|ioiiles.  Cioudelluvs, 
V.  ;.i.  ii   lakes   Hi  nai,  c  li.iui  this  <-;iv,  lies  near  the  old 

•  iKinrt!  ot  the  Kh:ne,  b,  twien  Hadegrave  and  I  ,ejdcn. 

l'../;tei-.'am  Mipui,  dat  die  conllux  of  the  Maes  and 
Hotter,  Irum  tli- iuicr  ot  whi,.,,,  .■,n,l  |)nn,  itsnuiie 
I-  ii'iined.  It  ;..  i  .:  n^.l.  -  lidni  ihe  I  kigue,  and  2S 
IT'....  .'iiulkr.l.im.  Tile  lircits  ai  ■  l|)a  lo;is,  adorned 
w.ih  iolty  (reci  and  b'..ii.iiiful  c.cuIj;    Iiv  fonie  of  the 


kill  if  which  fliips  of  the  gria'.ell  butifn  are  hrouphj 
intothe\eiy  he.irt  ot  the  c;t\.  Over  the  Maes,  wliuli 
is  very  bio.id,  is  a  bridge,  on  which  i>  pi  iced  a  brafs 
Hatue  ot  I'.iafmus.  The  1 !  iariiig-\  liet,  and  the 
lJiM)m  (.Juay,  are  nohic  llrcets ;  the  latter  lies  alon.; 
the  Maes  ;  and  on  o"e  lide  has  a  m.ignilicent  row  of 
trees  and  houfes,  or  rather  palaces,  extending  above 
halt  a  mile;  ami  on  the  other  the  ri\er,  where  Ihips 
are  continually  failing  up  a;id  down,  or  ataiiclm. 
The  principal  buildings  in  the  town  are  the  exchaii'ir, 
the  l'.all  and  Well-In. iia  houfes,  the  b.iiik,  tlie  .irlen.d, 
and  the  great  church,  or  that  of  .Si.  l.aiireiice. 

There  are  three  high  tribu:>als  in  this  city,  vi/..  that 
of  the  admiralty  of  the  Mies ;  of  the  high-baililf,  m 
d\ke-graatoi  .Schieland  ;  and  tlat  cf  the  judges  ot 
Schieland.  On  the  call  and  well  tides  of  the  city  arc 
docks,  where  they  are  coniiiuialiy  building,  repairing, 
or  launeliing  velleU  j  but  the  l.irgell  ihi[is  be'ongmg  t,i 
the  admiralty  ot  KotteiJ.am  lie  at  Hel'.oetlluys  ,  and, 
as  there  is  not  a  fuliicient  deinh  ot  water  at  the  mouth 
ot  the  .Maes  tor  f.iips  tli.'.t  dr.iw  al'o\e  1 ;  feet,  the\  are 

,  obliged  to  come  hither  by  >he  way  of  IKhoetlkn-, 
and  the  i  Ia.iring-\  liet.  1  he  glals-houfe  here  produres 
abund.iiice  ol' glafs  to}  s,  and  enamellc.i  bowl-.,  which 
arc  lent  to  India,  and  exchanged  tv  r  Chin.i  ware,  and 
other  oriental  commodities. 

Cioicum  is  a  neat  well  built  city,  llrongly  tortitied 
by  art  and  nature,  and  is,  as  well  .  s  \Vorcum  and 
l.oe\enlkin,  one  of  the  kivs  ol  Holland.  I'hey  ha\e 
a  daily  market  lor  < orn,  butter,  cheel'e,  tjwls,  wiki- 
dui  ks,  and  otii.r  provitlons.  Their  lords  formerlv 
named  their  leiutc,  but  in  id;:  the  Hates  gave  tin  in 
powf  r  to  npjioiiit  tUeii  ow  n  magilhutes.  Over  the  wa- 
ter-gate tliei'.-  is  this  iiifcrintidii;  "  A  city  happv  in  the 
loyalty  of  its  inhabitants,  ulcil'cil  in  peace,  and  uncon- 
iiuercd  in  war." 

Afperen,  a  fuiail  walled  town,  iK'longing  10  the  la- 
milyofthe  HoetleLiars,  is  noted    for   giving  birth  to 

!   feveral   eminent  divines.      At    l.eerdam,    a  fmall  citv 

I  belonging   to  the   famdy  of  Orange,    the    ceUbrated 

I   Cornelius  janfeniiis  w.isborii. 

1  .Schiedam,  on  the  river  Schic,  is  cclibrarrd  tor  the 
number ot|unii)er-trces  which  grow  in  the  neighbo'ii- 
hooil.  ']  lie  inhabitants  are,  in  g'lieral,  lilhermcn  ami 
nct-inakers. 

Schaonhoven,  lituatcd  at  the  conlhix  of  the  1  ech  an  I 
\  liet,  at  the  ditlance  ot  1 1  miles  from  Rotterdam,  li 
well  fortified,  and  ha.  a  good  haibour  and  trade,  el'pe- 
ciallv  111  faliiion,  lierimg.s,  paper,  ^l:c. 

:  liirel,  in  the  ille  ot  \oorii.  ne.ir  the  mouth  of  thr 
Maes,  has  a  good  liarbinir  and  tiade,  pleafani  walks  ol 
trees  n  the  ramp, iris,  and  is  tlrongly  tortiti'd.  I  he 
celebrated  admiral  \  an  lioiup  was  l)oni  here.  '1  h  ■ 
illandon  which  this  tow  n  Hands  is  20  miles  long  and 

I  lixliroad;  the  air  is  tin 'k,  and  the  foil  fruitful.  1  he 
i  Uriel  was  the  tint  tiwn  that  the  inalcontints,  iim'er 
ii  the  command  ol  tl.e  carl  ot  March,  took  tmin  thr 
'i  Spaniards  in  the  yearly-:,  w  hich  cccalioned  the  re- 

II  volt  becoming  general,  and  laid  the  toumlation  ot  tie 
i|    Kepubhc  of  the  Uiiued    i'lovinces.       It   w.is   likei.le 

j   one  o!  the  cauiionaiv  towns;  which  was  moit^igul  m 

1'   t^ucen  Ili/abeth,  lor  repaying  the  cxpen  is   lie   h.ul 

jl   been  at  in  fupjicr'.ing  them  againil  the  ciowi  ol  J'pim. 

I        The  1  lag'ic,  or  (lia\eiiha);e,   is   tifiated   two   mih  ; 

■   call   of  the   fra,  nine   north- well  of  Rotterdanj,    an  I 

nine  fouth-wcll  of  L.eyden.       I'lie  name  implic;  J:ai  i    - 

Crair,  as  fornictly  the  carls  of  Hoilaiid    had   a   vilLi 

here.     Since  the  commencement   of  the  Republic  m 

1579  it  hath  become  a  very  impoitant  pl.K  e ;  ihoii!.':i 

it  is  call'donly  a  village,  becaule  it  is  not  walled,  .ind 

docs   not    fend   deputies   to   the  It.ites,       It,    liowe.i  , 

furpall'es  many  cities  in  moll  refpe<:ts,  and,  with  regard 

to  extent,  opulence,  nuiribei  of  [.'cople,  iScc.  iseC|Uii- 

cd  by  few.      Jt  contains  above   5000  houle;,    ab  )'  t 

50,000  inhabitants,  is  liiuated  on  an  elevated  gio  in.1, 

in  the  centre  of  many  cities,   towns,  villages,  i>:c.   is 

furrounded   by  a   line   canal,  and  comman.ls  tie  tuII: 

beautiful  profpects  tint  imagination  can  coiiceive. 

4 


'\  111.  11 

In     nil 
■^  Im  h 

ll.:i;i:i 

i-iaiii. 
••an  I) 
irlMe, 

111 
iiU',  ^ 
c!   ■  I ' 

I  l-.i 
tiu  i: 
;ind  I 
Ik.iIii 
and  ll 
tree. 


Ihs 


I 


JC.RAI'IIY. 

t  ln;iil;ii  arc  hr,)ui'h! 
()\tr  the  Mac.-,  «lii.  h 
Inch  i>  plujcil  a  bnU 
iriiig-Vlicr,    anJ    the 

the   latiiT  lies  alon: 

m.ij^nilii  (.lu  row  ot 
u  is,  ixtciidiiij^  abo\e 
ic  iiu-r,  uhurc  Ihip- 
iiii«  ri,  or  at  aiuli  n. 
un  aic  the  cx(.lniv.;p, 
t!ic  l).mk,  thi-  ark'n.il, 

St.  I.aurciice. 

m  tins  cit)-,  vi/.  that 
)t'thc  hiirh-haililV,  <.i 
'■■  at  (t  the  jtiiit^fs  01 
ll  lilies  of  the  (  it\  aic 
>■  Ii'.iihiin  ;,  repairing;. 
;elt  Ihips  be'on>;iiig  t,i 
,t  Hel\octliii\s;  ami, 
)l  M.iter  at  the  iiicuith 
!(i\e  1  ;  leer,  thf\  are 

\i.i)-  ot'  MiKoetlki\-, 
il^-lioule  here  pioJuce-. 

'..elle.i   bowl-,,  wh;eh 

Iv  r  China  uare,  aiul 

iiy,  I'.nmgly   f.irt.licJ 

uell  ;s   Worcuiii  ami 

I  Holland.     They  have 

If,  cheefe,  fowls,  wilii- 

1  heir   h)rds  f.iriiurlv 

tlie  Hates  jravc  ihdu 

Ib^tes.     Over  tile  «a- 

;  "  A  city  hajjiiv  in  the 

ill  peace,  aiiti  iiiuoii- 

n,  lie!(jncrin'r  lo  the  la- 

eil    for    i;iviiitr  birth   to 

l.i'crilam,    a  Iriiall  citv 

)raiigc,    the    teUbrateii 

c,  is  cckhratr,!  tor  the 
<;row  in  the  neiL^hbour- 
1  g'lier.il,  lilliernien  and 

ronliiix  lit  the  1  ech  and 
les  fVoiii  Kotterd.ini,  li 
larbour  and  tiade.  i.'l'pe- 
T,  ^:c. 

,  near  the  month  of  thr 
trade,  plealani  walks <>1 
lhonj.'ly  loriili.  d.  'I'h;- 
ip  wab  born  here.  1  h  ■ 
Is  is  2o  miles  Ion,'  niid 
d  the  foil  Irii'.lful.  '!  he 
ti.e  iiiali  oiiti  iits,   uiu'cr 

Man  h,  took  tioin  the 
liiich  (:ccali(,'ned  the  rc- 
d  the  foundation  of  tl  r 
nces.  It  was  likoJe 
\  inch  uas  iiioi  t^if^id  I'l 
;  the  f xj)cn  ts  ll.e  had 
ind  rl;e  cro  vn  of  .*'|)iiii. 
,  IS  lifMted  r«o  niiiis 
elt  <  f  Rotterciaiu,  and 
he  name  iniphci  hnil  - 
if  Hoiland  had  a  villa 
cut  of  the  Republic  in 
inpoitant  place  ;  ihoiic'ii 
Lile  It  IS  not  \\alk\i,  and 
e  Hates.  It,  Iioac-c,, 
fpei:ls,  and,  with  res'aul 
1  |x'ople,  iS:c.  is  cqiMl- 
ve  5000  houle:,  abut 
on  an  clevuted  j^ro  ind, 
towns,  viUaj^ies,  ^'c.  is 
iiid  comman-ls  tie  :iu:lt 
ation  can  conceive. 

Ihe 


M  i<t)i'i:.j  ii  o   1,   I 

the  biMlvlii;;s',   in  general,    arc  grand,    the   eom- 
|n:iv  i-'oo  I,    rue  air    pure  and    wholefonie,    and    the 
|f  'pie  [jrilitir  than  in  any  other  (lart  of  the   Nerher- 
iai'd;.      i'iic  palace,  or  inner  court,  is  moated   about 
<  ;i    '.l.ree   tides,    and    on   the  fourth   is  wallied  by  the 
'.  )V.i,  or  l),ili-i'o:id.     There  are  three  cntiances  into 
r,  i),'.r!oii;a   v  dr:iw'-brid;.^es,  which  might  be  drawn  1 
iij)    in   cafe   (f  a  tiiimilt.      Ihe  court  is  lart;c,  and  al- 
ne.dt  f,|'iare;  an'  in  it,  before  the  guard-room,  Itands 
.!  veiy  iaij;c  tre.,  which   was  planted   bv   one  of  the 
(rimes  ul  Oiange.     The  buiklings  are  old,  irregular, 
eiui  not   vi!.-   ii>  ignilicenr.      The    lladtiiolders   rclide 
here  J  ami  the  llates-general,  the  (hues  of  the  province 
o'  llolianil,  ihe  roiincil  of  ihite,   the  council   of  the 
:!  ■!>;!. t/,    a:id    I  lie   fovercign   courts  of  julHcc,    hold 
1'  ei.-  alfeiii'iiiies  here  in  diHerent  apartments.     A  great 
li  !l,  ol  grols  U'jthic  arthueciure  is  the  moll  confpi- 
•  cou.i  hu.'itiii!^  of  the  place,    but    with   no   happy  tf- 
fe>t.     Till-  walls  arc  hung   with  colours,  drums,  and 
o  :r.  r  tiiijihics  of  vicnry,  faken  from  '.he  Spaniards, 
f  e;'i  h,    and   other    enemies  of  the   coinmonuealth. 
1  he  inmcs  of  the  battles  are  w  .ittcn  underneath  them, 
as  1  locldh't,  Kamilies,    Malplaquet,  Ntc.     In  the  mid- 
dle ol  the  hail  is  a  fcaffold,  oruoodcii  IhucUire,  wher'.- 
;h,- Ihite  lotteries  are  drawn   bv   hofpit.il  b()\s,   as   in 


A     N    D. 


"I 


I  0,1. Ion:    t'.cie  arc  alio  feveral  bookfellers,  Ihitioners, 
.1,1(1  other  Ihops  in  it. 

TIh- ill  iminT,  where  the  flates-gcner.il  all'enible,  is 
partly  nd..r;icd  with  line  tapedrv,  aial  emb^llilh'd 
vi  .th  elcii.iiit  p.untingi  of  the  princes  of  Or.ui  ,e.  T:ie 
rhmibir  ol  triue,  I'lom  the  li/,e  and  nunber  ot  the 
V,  :ik(o  '.  s,  IS  vei .  luminous,  and  in  it  the  ambali'adois 
ha  >e  their  public  audiences.  Near  it  is  the  i  hamber 
«ii  private  conieience,  a  plain  apartment,  but  contam- 
mi!  I.:  line  jj.ctiircs  ot  H.ins  llolhein.  The  oiitw.ird 
court  is  mtcli  l.irgrr,  and  more  opefi,  than  the  inner. 
'i'lie  liorfe  j:,iiaids  diaw  up  here,  as  the  foot  do  in  the 
inner  courr.  '1  he  former  do  no  duty,  exce[>t  when  the 
'A.vxi  are  titting:  they  aredoarhed  in  blue,  taced  with 
r  d,  very  tiiiely  mounted,  and  make  a  good  appear- 
an.e.  At  the  gate  through  which  i-.  the  pallagelrom 
the  outer  court  into  the  I'laats^  iV-.r.ds  the  prifon  for 
<huc  criminals,  where  the  '.mioitu 'ate  de  Wits  mir 
the  rt.ite  ;  this  place  isaluays  ihewn  to  llrangers.  l)e 
ri.i.iis  IS  an  open  an  v  place,  almoll  in  the  form  ot  a 
tiiaiigle  :  it  has  no  trees,  but  is  adorned  with  ncic  and 
I'eu'titiil  iioules.  Lnminalsof  any  eminence  are  exe- 
i  .t'  1  iiii  e,  on  a  fcaffold  erected  for  that  [niipofe. 

Ihe  J'la.uj  ojiens  to  the  Vyverberg,  which  is  the 
vol*  agieeable  part  of  the  Mague  ;  is  !.■,  called  Ikig, 
('!  1 1.11,  t-Cv  aufe  It  is  ;.;i  eminence  made  with  the  earth 
•  1  giK.i  ni  th.e  \yver,  or  large  baion  of  water  at  the 
hotii'iii  of  it.  It  conlills  ot  icveril  tine  (liad)'  walk.i, 
M  nil  I'eats  in  them  j  and  has  <  n  one  tide  a  row  of  hand- 
}onie  buildingi,  and  on  tin-  other  tlie\'\ver,  which 
...ioitts  a  \ cry  grateful  [irol'peOt  on  a  lummei's  day. 
i  l;e  \  ;  \ei  is  lundfonKlv  tai  eil  with  Hone.  200  paces 
long,  and  near  /co  broad  :  it  wathcs  tlie  back  part  ot 
the  courr,  and  ot  prince  Maurice's  liOufe.  There  is 
^  pretty  ifiaiidin  the  middle  of  it  planted  with  a  tutt 
'■4  treci.  One  of  the  moll  remarkable  buildings  on 
I'-.e  VjMilirg  is  the  Hot',  or  I'alace  of  Irieleland, 
vlu.  h  belongs  10  the  prince  of  Orange.  It  was  built 
by  one  of  his  aneellois,  and  is  dark  and  ilecayed  ;  for 
which  icalon  Ins  highmfs,  when  he  comes  to  the 
1  l.tgitc,  does  not  live  in  it,  but  in  an  hired  houfe  in  the 
j'Min.  A  little  be\'ond  that  palace  is  the  l.ogeuHiu 
'.an  Dort,  or  the  l.oufe  wlterc  the  deputies  of  the  city 
irlMe,  wi'.en  ihey  areat  theHague. 

I  lie  V\  \eibuig  terminates  in  a  very  fpacious  open- 
\ni\,  which  takes  in  part  of  the  Voorl.out,  and  is  lull 
el  'igitl.ii  |)l;.ntations  and  gardens. 

ll.e   \ Oorhoiit   is   lo  called  becatife  ir  was  formerly 
the   entrance  into  thit  wood,  Voor  ligiiil\ing  before, 
and  Ilout,  a   wtnui,   or  grove.     It  is  rhe  molt  cele-  1 
l):.it((l   pa:i  of  the  Hague,  and  conlills   of  the  mall,  i 
and  time  ways  lor  coaches  on  each  fulc,  [ilaiiied  with  I 
ircc.>i  lieyond  which  are  two  j)aiall''l  rows  of  magnili-  I 


j  centhoulcs,  chiedy  ocvopied  by  the  forei.rti  miilifter^, 
ant  perlonsc'  tlic  hrit  cpialiiv,  at  the  IJa-rne.  The 
inolt  iemarl.a!-.le  buildings  heie  are  at  the  "upper  end 
ot  the  m.dl,  J  he  palace  of  0|,d,iin,  or  W.'liana.n . 
IS- a  neat  clega.it  Itructure.  'Ihe  Little  Voorhout  1. 
railed   roiimi,  and  adorned   with   hi"h    trees  Ike  th- 

I,  odicr       Ihe  tioufes  about  it  are  elc^gantand  pleafant. 

:    i  lie  Jew  s  l\  nagogue  is  verv  neat,  and  pari.'culai  Iv  ele- 

,  gaiit  w  iihin.  1  ,,c  Little  Voorhout  opens  to  the  New 
Inncels  Cr.dt,  one  ot  if.e   mi;lt  elegant   p,nts  .7!  the 

!.'■'",'■"■  ,.  ■  '"''J^''^""'-  "r  nuliMry  llore  houfe,  is  a 
I  lotty  building,  principally  deli;;ted  tor  foundin-  <  an- 
I  noil.  Ihe  hreiKh  play-houle.  ,n  Lalnari-tlre.'t,  is  a 
I  very  iiuJilteient  building;  and  the  l^lain,  in  JJmcli 
I  Het  Pleyn,  into  which  o,ie  enters  tr,.m  the  outer- 
I  court,  IS  a  beautliui  grove,  laid  out  in  fe^elalcrofs 
walk.,  and  lurrounded  with  llatelv  houfes ,  here  the 
I  toot-gua.ds  draw  up  every  atternoon.  Ihe  deputies 
^  ot  the  cay  ot  Amlterdani  have  their  houfes  here, 
.  which  aic  magnthccnt,  and  wonhv  the  rcprefentatives 
I  ot  lotrreat  acity,  and  the  prince  ot  Orange  has  alii)  a 

tine  lioufc  here. 
!  Hie  Noord-eynde,  or  X,>rth-end,  is  a  long  Orait: 
flrc.t,  in  the  maldie  of  which  is  the  Oude  Hotf,  or 
Old  C'outt,  a  noble  pal.icj,  belonging  formerly  lO 
king  U  imam  111.  It  is  a  large  modern  budding,  w  ith 
two  advanced  wings  lupported  bv  high  aichcs',  tioni 
t  e  ar.g.es  ot  which  runs  a  noble  balulhale;  in  the 
midllol  K  IS  the  principal  gate;  and  at  etich  end  arc- 
two  teller  ones  :  this  baiuUiade,  which  is  of  iron  gilt, 
itj>araies  the  court  Irom  the  Itreet. 

.\cai  the  greac  market  li.ind>  the  Stathuys,  or  Town- 
Houle;  It  w.islormerly  but  an  ordinary  building,  but  is 
now  rvbutit  in  a  modetntalle  ;  it  front:,  thcgreat  church, 
and  tr.e  Ipace  bet>\ee,i  them  is  ufed  for  public  execu- 
tions. A  fcalic/d  U  erected,  on  Inch occalions,  before 
thewmdowsot  the  town-houfe,  where  the  magillrates 
lit,  and  fee  the  lentence  executed.  '1  he  town-houfe  is  a 
(liain  and  h.mdloine  building,  butditfers  in  nothing  from 
a  private  houle, only  in  the  irontofit  there  is  thisgooci 
motto,  in  large  gilt  capitals:  .\f  Jnpi:,,- quidfmom'iibus 
pLiic:'  ;  that  u  to  lay,  "  Jupitej-  himfeli  cannot  pleafe 
every  one."  alluding  to  the  dilhculiv  of  pleating  uni- 
verially  la  the  admimltration  ot  |ullice.  The  ben^.h  on 
wliicli  the  judges  tic  is  tinely  gilt' and  carved  ;  and  over 
It  IS  a  mythological  painting,  on  iheadmini'lLrationof 
juliice,  e.Miuilitely  well  done. 

Ihe  great  chuich,  over  againll  the  town-houfe,  is 
ver)  huge:  the  choir,  which  is  feparatcd  from  the  body 
ol  ihe  cnurch  by  a  brats  balulhade,  is  darkened  by  the 
great  numuer  ot  efcutcheon,  allixed  to  it. 

Near  this  church  is  the  anatomical  hall,  belonging  to 
the  luipeons  ot  the  H.igue  ,  they  are  upon  the  fame 
toonn^  .u  thole  m  Irance,  form  a  companv,  and  have 
a  piotellor  ot  anatomy,  w  ho  ditfeots  pubiiclv,  read;; 
Icviures  to  them,  and  1,  paid  by  the  m.igillrate's. 

In  the  llreet,  caded  the  Hooge  Welt-evnde,  or  I  ligh 
Welt-end,  IS  the  hotel  of  Spain  :  it  beloni^s  to  the 
crown  ot  Sptiin,  whole  amis  are  alhxed  to  the'wall,  and 
whole  ambaliiidcn-  .ilw.iys  relides  ui  it.  This  is  the  on!v 
crown  that  has  an  lioul,  or  houl'e,  at  tlie  Hai  ue,  for  its 
minilUr. 

Near  this  hotel  is  an  houle  wheie  l.tdies,  whoR,- 
foi tunes  are  luiteiiu.il  lo  iheir  biith.are  maintained,  h 
w.'.s  tounded  by  our  cxc  client  I'lieen.  Mary,  confort  of 
\'\'|l|iam  111.  lor  a  ceiiani  luimherol  Irenc'i  Protellinr 
gentlewomen,  wlto,  having  made  a  l:t.-riti'-e  of  the.r 
cdaies  in  fiance  10  tluir  rebgion,  and  :,ot  being  ca- 
pable ol  getting  a  hveiihuod,  would  have  be;n  ndueed 
to  the  iiinicilt  ili.irels,  had  ihey  not  met  w.th  f:t.;h  a 
feal'onal-le  rilicf 

In  thi.-  11a; t  oftl-e  I  [igue  is  alfoihc  Pi ince -graft,  one 
of  tlic  moll  l.eauiiful  and  mignilioeiit  Ihccrs  in  Iturope  : 
it  IS  near  half  a  mile  in  length,  proportionately  bnjad, 
and  as  llr.ut  asa  line.  A  tine  canal,  adorned  on  b:jth 
tides  with  Ihady  trees,  runs  through  the  midlt  of  it.  The 
budges  o\er  it  areot'  hewn  ilone,  with  iron  rails'  upen 
the  tides  ot  tltem.  The  buildings,  efpeciaily  thufe lately 

erected 


A  N-r.W    ROYAI.  ANt>  AUTIIF.NTIC  SYSTKM  or  UNIVr,R=AL  CrOCRAPt  ly. 


:x 


Hi.  ^* 


rr^xlal  on  ciu'  luL'tif  the  l\rcct,  rdViiiblc  palai  I's  more  , 
il';ii\  pii\.itc  IwiilVs,   and  .iic  inh;ibitcil  l)y  pcrlons  of 
the  lirlt  rank. 

Nr.ir  thit.iit!\er  eiul  of  tliis  ftreetflaiuls  f  llotjcvan 
Nkoo].,  ;.  ,•.  NKiHipV.  1  loiintal,  or  feat  lor  poor  people. 
It  i^oiie  of  the  moll  beautiful  hofjiitais  of  that  kiiul.aiul 
was  built  bv  one  Newpoit,  a Ri)ii>aii  Catholic  nun  ham, 
lor  to  po,)r  widows  of  his  rclij;ioii  ;  but  the  lua^iUrates 
oblii^d  hill)  to  allow  the  I'rotelhints  an  ei|iial  lliare  m 
hi.,  charily.  I'he  contrivance  of  the  buildin;^  is  adini- 
rablv  adal)ted  to  the  ufc  it  was  iiuend'.\l  Icr. 

■Jhe  eiuuons  of  the  Hague  are  excetding  plealaiit. 
Among  other  agreeable  obiecis  are  the  wood,  with  the 
palace  of  Orange  at  the  extremity  of  it,  called  the 
lioufe  in  the  Wood  :  the  sillat'eol  Schevclmg;  and 
[•■e  fand-hills  along  the  North  Sea  ;  with  the  village  of 
Vooiburg,  and  the  charming  feats  and  line  gardens 
round  It.  I  wo  miles  from  the  H.igue  i:,  Uvlwick,  a 
village;  and  a  quarter  of  a  mile  fron.  that  a  noble  pa- 
lace belonLjing  to  the  prince  of  Orange,  lamou-:  for  the 
treaty  of  peace  concluded  there  in  i(>()-.  I'ive  miles 
beyond  .'^oofduutcn.and  not  lar  from  the  be.uitiful  vil- 
l.ige  O'  '-ru(  fan. ie,  is  Honnard\ik,  another  palace 
b'.longing  to  the  prince  of  Orange,  ami  one  ut  the  I 
fiiKll  tlriicuires  in  the  Low  Countries.  j 

N'audcn,  a  town  on  the /iiydei-Sea,  i    llroni^h  for- 
tilicd,  and  a   kind  of  barrier  'o    Ambulam       i  ictc  j 
.lie  fome  woollen  and  velvet  manulaetoi.es. 

Muvde:i  is  a  \(ell-fortilieil  town  at  ihe  month  of  the 
ccht,  on  the  /.uyder  Se.n.     (ireat   quantities  of  fait 
arc  mad-'  here  ;  and    the  adjacent  couiKry,  in  cafe  of 
need  niav  be  laid  under  water. 

'I  .  c  principal  place,  in  North-Iklland  arc  as 
fjllo'.v  ; 

.-Vlkiv.a.ir,  :;  miles  north  of  Amtlerdam,  is  a  be.iuti- 
ful  and  pleafaiu  toun,  furrounded  wirhgarden^,  walks, 
anJ  me.uiow.'-.  i'he  road  anil  canal  from  hence  to 
Jivir.lkd.  are  very  agreeable,  as  are  the  walk.^,  upon  the 
ramparts.  The  inhabitants  arc  [irim  ii)aHy  Roman  Ca- 
tholics, aiiJ  the  grcatell  trade  i.>  m  butter  and  clieefe. 

lulam,  near  the  Zuydcr-Sea,  has  a  conlideiable  trade 
ill  timber,  train  oil,  i'alt,  Ihip  l)uilding,  ivc. 

Monik'.ndam,  Monikcdam,  or  Munikedam,  lie«  on 
theZi;;.der-Sea,  al)out  eight  miles  dilhint  fiom  Amder- 
liam  to  ihe  norili-eall,  and  as  m.',!i\  troir.  Muyden  to 
file  north.  Ii  has  its  name  from  thcfmall  riser  Monick, 
vliich  run-throUjih  it.  Jt  is  an  ancient  cit\ ,  mentioned 
i:i  the  Durdi  ann.ils  of  I2.j6,  wdl  fortified  with  ram- 
parts and  V  alls,  and  has  a  monk  for  its  amis.  I  he  in- 
habitants of  this  city  contribuvtd  very  much  to  thcvic- 
t  'vy  gaiiud  by  the  Dutch  near  1  loom,  in  I  573,  over 
tl'.e  ^ipaniili  Hcet,  commanded  by  the  admiral  count 
liull'u  J  and  they  Hill  keep  in  ih.e  t.iwn-hoiife  the  collar 
(^f  the  Older  of  the  tjolden  Meece,  which  was  taken 
from  thai  ailmiral  by  Cornelius  l)irc/.eii,  an.itiveol 
Monikenilam,  who  was  adimra!  of  the  Dutch  licet. 

I  loom  is  fitiiatcd  on  a  bay  of  the  /uvder-Sea,  12 
iiiile~  from  .Mcniaer  to  thr  call,  an.d  1  7  from  ,\nitKrilam 
;.)  the  noitli.  It  is  a  pleafaiu,  rich,  and  large  town,  en- 
KHiipalied  with  fo  many  tlykes  anil  canals,  that  it  is 
reckoned  impiegnable.  Tile  inhabitants  are  alio  f.-med 
for  courage.  .Some  derive  its  name  from  its  cro.iked 
b.irbour.  Hoorn,  in  Dutch,  lign.fyinga  horn.  On  the 
la:'.d  fide  are  rich  palbires,  fine  gardens,  and  plca- 
fant  walks.  'I  he  trade  of  this  city  cMilills  chiellv  in 
butter  and 'heefe,  whereof  they  o'port  vail  i)uantities 
into  Spain,  Portugal,  and  other  parts,  i  fpccially  at 
their  aniiuiil  fair  in  the  month  of  May.  They  have  a 
omi.'eiabletradc  in  Damlli  cattle,  whichbcing brought 
ban  iir.u  :hi.-,p|,ii  e  aiefat'vnedin  tl.e  ad|ai:ent  palhires 
and  then  drove  to  the  other  place-,  in  Holland.  They 
aii'o  build  nii|N,  and  have  alhaie  in  the  uhale-liihery. 
Mere  is  one  oidielix  chamber^  ofthe  Dutch  Mall -India 
c.iinjiany.  Thj  chamber  of  Noirh-Holland,  for  the 
\V  elf-India  compai.),  i^  Jettlid  lun  •.  and  one  of  the 
be  lolKg  s  of  the  iidmiralty  leiide.  altirnately  at 
Hoom  and  I'.iu  hu)  (en.  Hoorn  has  given  birth  to 
Lviral  'earned  iiiwi,  and  particulaily  to  PeKr  Jiiniu>, 


the  celebrated  hiltorian  i  and  to  William  Scouten,  who, 
failing  bivond  the  Strait  .s  ol  .Magell.m,  (lilcoveied,  111 
/(ii6,  the  palliige  tailed  the  Suaii  ol   1  .e  Maire. 

Mnihuyfen,  orlMiihulia,  Hands  on  the  /uyder-Sea, 
1  1  miles  ilillant  from  I  loom.  It  is  very  iVrong  bi  u, 
lituationand  by  art.  The  harbour  is  one  of  the  bill 
in  this  country  ;  but  as  there  'lesa  bank  of  land  before 
it,  it  1-:  liable  to  be  choakid  up,  and  111  ule  impracti- 
cable  for  large  velleN.  They  build  many  ihips  here, 
drive  a  great  trade  in  herring  lulling,  and  lend  out 
large  lleets  into  the  Baltic,  and  other  pl.ices,  by  which, 
as  well  as  by  their  refining  fait  from  IJiiti.in),  in  liancc, 
the  city  is  in  atlourillimg  condition.  This  is  the  iird 
town  that  revoked  from  Spain,  after  ihe  taking  of  the 
Uriel  b)  the  confederales. 

MedmLilick,  on  the  Zuydcr-Sea,  leven  mdes  dill.iiu 
fiom  i',nchu\feii,  is  reckoned  the  moll  .mcientciiv  111 
Nortl'-ilolland,  .Vc\d  wa,^  iormerlv  ito  en. ntal,  and  the 
feat  o"  the  Irilon  kmii^.      1  he  town  is  fiiiall,  but  has  a 


noble 
II 


harliour. 


ihe 
;>nd 


banks,  or  dykes  here,  are 
ronger,  broader,  ;«nd  higher  than  am  m  the  country. 
I  he  chief  trade  of  the  inhabitants  mntills  in  timber, 
which  they  letch  from  Norwav ,  an  1  other  places  in  the 
Haltic.  'ilic)  acre  the  full  who,  m  ii, '  laiiv.lm 
Ciiiiiiea,  bom  whence  ihi)  ri;ii:;u\i  to  ,\i-i!lerd.iiii 
r::  hiy  1  lad-d.  1  iie  neiglibouiingcounti  v  abounds  in 
excellent  palUiio,  w  heie  are  bred  a  pio.ligiv.i.s  ivimber 
of  cattle. 

I'ourteen  miles  to  the  well  of  Mediiiblick  Ik  .  Solna. 
gen,  a  rich  Village  ;  the  adjacent  country  is  reckoned 
the  richell  foil  m  liuro[^)e. 

l'.gniond,  a  well  built  village,  which  gave  title  to 
the  counts  ot  l-gmond,  lies  in  this  country. 

Seven  mil.'-  larthcr-othe  loutli  bes  Ueverwick,  anci- 
ently noted  for  pilgrimages  to  it.  k  has  iileal'int  111- 
clofures,  a  good  harbour  on  thi;  mnith  of  the  W'lcker- 
nicer,  and  a  lake  .v  Inch  coiiMiuinic.ites  with  the  W've. 
'I'lie  drained  lands  in  Nonh-HoMand  are  the  ZyiK-, 
the  Ik-emlter,  the  I'urmer,  tile  Woormeer,  and  .Scher- 
meer.  The  /'ype  was  lirll  drained  and  encompall'ej 
with  banks  by  V\'illiani,  lord  of  .Schaagcn,  and  le- 
cuied  by  llrong  fences  in  1552,  but  the  lea  broke  them 
down  in  1570;  afier  which  it  was  drained  again,  and 
fecured  by  a  mole  ol  prodigious  height  and  bulk,  proof 
againll  all  attacks  ol  the  fea  ;  and  it  is  now  a  very  fruit- 
ful foil.  'I'he  nolle  made  by  the  waves  which  break 
upon  It  founds  like  the  balking  of  a  (lack  of  hounds, 
lioir.  whciK  e  it  is  called  the  Hounds  .Wood.  It  is  fup^ 
ported  by  large  bcaiw  of  timber,  iirmly  placed  111  the 
ground,  and  llionglv  falbened  together,  thedillances  be- 
tween them  being  ailed  with  large  lionet,  tliat  lefembk: 
locks  i  and  the  mole  is  llrengtiiened  by  a  vail  bank 
call  uj)  agaiMll  it.  'Ilieie  were  no  lef-  than  jo  mills 
made  ufe  of  to  d.aiii  the  H.c<-iiiller,  which  ii  em  om- 
pafled  by  a  ihi.niicl  ironi  .'bur  to  eight  rods  broad, 
and  IS  |oiiied  ti  I'ln-.iier-end,  by  a  bridge  at  the  ibuilv 
end. 

.Vcrofs  •he  mouth  of  tlie  Zuyder-S:_:' lies  a  r.-.w  of 
Ulan. Is  ;  the  full  of  which,  narvd  the  Texel,  is  dil- 
loined  from  the  north  cape  of  Northllolland,  by  a 
very  iiarrov  channel ,  nor  are  the  dillances  between  the 
reii  null  h  larger.  The  three,  named  Texel,  Hi'- 
land,  and  Schelliiig,  are  reckoned  iiart  of  Mori!, 
Holland. 

1  lie  Texel  is  about  citlit  miles  long,  and  li\  e  broad; 

it  is  detended  from  '.he  .'e.i  by   fand  hills,  and  llrong 

i   banks.     .VIoll  ot  tiie  r-i!   is  a|iplied  to  feed  llieep,   of 

!   wlii.  hlhey  have  gr  .,  1  llcuks,  .md  ihe  i  heel .'  made  of 

;    their  milk  vies  wi'h  the   i'an  lelan.     This  bland con- 

I   tains  feveral  tine  villages,  and  a  large  tow.i  on  the  eali 

I    lide,  called  Uurch,  which  eiijov  s  the  privilegesof  a  citv . 

,    Thj   iihabiiants  apply  themfelves   lo  agriculture  and 

herring-fulling;   and  the  Hates,   bei  aufe  of  the  impor- 

I   tance  of  this  place,   whicii  lies  at  t'- mouth  of  the 

[    Zuyder-Sea,  have  built    ■    llron';  foiticls  here,  where 

they  keep  alw  ays  a  good  garrifon. 

I  lielai'd,  or  \  lieland,  lies   towards  the   nortb-ealioi 
the 'I'exc',  and  is  .ib(jui   nine  milci   long,  and  but  two 

!  road 


I 


IRAPtlY. 

^Villiam  Scoutcn,  mIio, 
I'icll.iii,  (iil'covciai,  111 
u  ol  l.f  Mai  re. 
lis  on  the  /uyilcr-Sca, 
It  IS  \cry  iVroii);  liy  its 
Kir  i'i  oiv:  of  1  lie  1)1. It 
a  bank  of  faiul  before 
1,  a:ui  mule  iiiipr.icti- 
uikl  many  tlilps  lu-re, 
lilliinir,  aiv.i  leiul  oiit 
iher  places,  by  vhieh, 
Jill  liiituiii),  in  1  raiiie, 
ion.  'rius  is  the  iirit 
ifter  the  takint;;  of  the 

ca,  fe\en  m.lcs  iliilaiu 
le  in;)lt  ancient  ciiv  in 
riy  It  J  CTjiital,  aiul  the 
own  IS  fiiiall,  bm  has  .1 
or  d\  kcs  hero,  arc 
hanany  in  iheeovunr). 
mis  eonlilLs  in  tnubcr, 
anl  oiher  pUu'es  in  ilu: 
■ho,  111  I  I.  •  laii  vl  ',.> 
;ti:;u\i  to  Anller.iain 
iijjeountiv  aboiiiuls  in 
-d  a  pio.Uj.i;iiu;s  riiiilHr 

Meiimhliek  lie.->  Soh.ia- 
nt  country  h  leckoneil 

-•,  which  tnivc  title  to 
his  country, 
th  lies  lJe\er«ick,  anci- 
t.  It  has  jilealant  en- 
:  iiriuth  ot'the  W'lckcr- 
inicates  with  the  Wve. 
•HoHanJ  are  the  /yiw.") 
Woormeer,  anil  .Scher- 
aineJ  anJ  encoinpall'ed 
of  Schaa^en,  and  le- 
but  the  fea  broke  tliem 
was  drained  again,  and 
s  height  and  bulk,  proof 
nd  it  is  now  a  very  fruit- 
the  ua\ej  winch  break 
g  of  a  pack  of  hounds, 
iunds.\Vo;)d.  It  is  lup- 
jr,  lirml)  [)lared  in  the 
i^ether,  theiiillances  be- 
r^^e  Hone;,  riiat  lefeniblc 
j;tiie:icd  by  a  vail  bank 
re  no  icf-  than  jo  mills 
ilicr,  whicii  ia  encoin- 
ui  to  eight  rods  broad, 
by  a  bridge  at  the  fuu'Jv 

'.nyilcr-Sc^  lies  a  rc.w  of 
u-vd  the  Texel,  is  dil- 
pf  Noitiv  Holland,  by  a 
he  diitances  betv.ecn  'he 
X,  named  lexel,  Flie- 
ckoned    part  of  Slort!, 

liles  long,  and  li\e  broad; 
y  fand  liills,  and  Uroiig 
|iplied  to  feed  ilicep,  ol 
and  the  cheele  made  o! 
lelan.  This  dlandion- 
a  large  tow  .i  on  the  eali 
\s  the  privileges  of  a  city, 
elves  to  agriculture  and 
■s,  baaufe  of  the  impor- 
ics  at  0  "  mouth  of  the 
in-T  fortrefs  here,  where 
an. 

towards  die  norih-call  oi 
nulc'!   long,  and  but  two 
'  road 


: 


In 


If 


A'i'i 

'to 


I,!  Ml ! ' 


:|t',:lL 


ir 


•  '    •■%H«f:|=|:|r ■■■■'■        ■ 


f-;f'.r  *? 


S5 


MmK,i'^ 


-Midi:  ' 


ill!ilii:i#ip^^^ 


^ 


V 


N 

s 


f*'    (■ 


mm^^ 


V.''   i: 


# 


'^W- 


y. 

■f. 

■^ 

r, 
N 

r 


"^ 


V 


/    ■    J^" 


\ 


s 


\\ 


r*'      '•.■f\ 


KUUOI'Lj 


n    O    I,    I.    A    N    |>. 


aV 


ri;ul 


it    I-.. 


iirk.il. 


nnlv  two  rinall  \ill.u',c7,  ami  r,  rliidlv 
'   1 


here. 


'x  lur    tliL'  jjrcat   ijiiantiiy   i)l  i,iiilili-i  loiiii'l  ;    ow 


lOll.mil.  Ill  i;..:'..!ulti;ir.  i:..r  liLui-rnnv/iRlofchui 


Sclu'lliii;:,  "1  IXr  Scliillm;;,  lie-! '  to  ilic  ni.isli-call       null ;  Irum   MiJvikl 


Miill.in^r,  ihii.irui  in  tlic- iil.inil  ,i|  Walcl-.cR'ii,  (i 


of  lUcl.llUt,  arti)  i.s;il)ciut  I 


o  iiiiirs  loiu',  aiu 


lih 


•  liioad. 


tMlllll-.l 


•at  boil 


>iny,  l^  l!i()i,n!y   loi tilicil,  has  an 


t,  grtat   iiadc 


and 


imitaiiis  U\c;.i 


It  h;n  two  Miiajics  Willi  <;hiinlu-,  ami   ihici'   wiliioiit.  ;  lint- lliiicti;i\s.      It  li.onk  oil' tl.cSpinifh  )i,k'-j  in  1 ' 

Thi'ihiit  of  ilicni,  cDiuainiiii;  alioM- looo  hmifis,  wai  j|  and  vuli         •    ■•  •  •  -' 

burr.t,\»:t  1  luj  im-ichants  ll.ips,  In  SiiRohiit  Holmes,  jj  uas  iiioi 
with   an    I'.ni'lilli    iVuiailt 


ntarilv  fiil'Muttai  to  the   llatis.     In  i:S;  it 


.    .    J   t;)  i|tici.ni   iii/alith,    but  relloicd  by 
111   !(,(.(..     .Sonic  rci:kon  ij  James   1.     .Sir  l=iiil|.  Si)iu:y  w.is  i;  ivdiior  ct  it   Mhilc 


this    illaiid  to  bclon;;;    to   the   piov  iiilc  ol   liM'Icland,  i,   in  ihi- iuiiui',  of  tile  lii!li,!i.     Loa.icd  m  Hi: 
ThcIc  ilUiui'.   I>  111);  aloiij;  tlu;  mouth  of  the /uydcr-  |    to  the  mtv  doers  oi  ih^;  incich.nits. 
Sra,  by  incaii-.  of  Ic^cral    large  banks  of  land,    break  j    niiral    ik-  Uiivtcr,  who  role,    f 


tIuTai;e  ol  ti'.e  oicaii,  and  foim  twoj^ood  haihoiirs  at 
the  ie\(;l  and  \'lie  :  ti.e  lull  bei.ig  .i  iiotid  liatinn  for 
Ihij  .s  b'Hii.d  to  li.c  li)ui!i,  and  ti,e  oil,er  ior  thole  boiinvl 
to  ;i  !■  lUTih. 

l.iC  VVieren;;i:ii,  iluis  called  lioni  thcjirra:  quantity 
ollu'-wed,  n.'iiied  V\  iir,  u  a  luimber  of  little  illands, 
\vh;i  h  l.e  muie  to  tin:  loiith,  on  the  eoall  ol  Nonli- 
IKi.l md  ;  tl.c  I  hii.f  (;t  iheni  is  lue  iiiiUs  lon>.',  and  two 
br".id  lias  liMial  good  villages,  a  rich  foil,  and  large 
flocks  of  ibccp, 

Z     I".     A     1.     A     N     0. 

Zr  \!.\N1')  has  llaiiders  to  the  loiitli,  the  |)r.)vince 
'  ot  Holla  d  to  the  north,  iii.il> -iit  to  the  call,  and 
th'.-  (ienii  in  Oi  can  to  ilic  well.  It  lonhlts  of  illands, 
is  ;  iiarded  agamll  the  lea  by  ,!)keK,  has  a  liuitlnl  foil, 
but  iswiilio..r  lul,  exiept  what  I'ligland  and  Scotland 
fiipi  ly.  .'^heep  ..ic  numerous,  and  the  wool  line,  and 
fiih  may  be  had  in  gnat  pleiit}-.  'Ihe  province  is  po- 
pulous and  Healthy,  but  the  air  is  not  whoKliinie.  The 
aireiiihlv  of  the  Ihites  conlilt  j  of  feveii  luemhers  is  lield 
at  Midilkbui;.',  and  has  the  prince  ot  Orange  for  its 
prUideiu.  To  the  alli.iiil)l\  of  the  ltat(  ^-gcii.ial  /ea- 
land-i  kill's  tour  diputies,  who  hokl  the  ir  oliice  for  life. 
1  wo  high  Courts  ofjuflice,  a  college  of  admiralty, 
and  a  chamber  of  accomprs,  are  the  principal  tri- 
bunals. The  clergy  are  divided  into  lnur  dalles. 
'1  he  I  rincii  al  jjlaees  in  Zealand  are, 

M  ddieliur -,  the  capital,  lituated  50  miles  fouth-wefl 
ot  Uottiidam,  and  take.-,  us  naii'cfium  lis  liiuation,  in 
the  midilleof  the  liland  ol  V\aKheren.  It  has  the  lirll 
i'cat  in  tie  allLinhly  of  thellates  of  Zealand,  and  is  cx- 
tcnlive,  laiidfome,  and  populous.  '\\,q  form  is  oval. 
tie  public  /uiLiings  nuigmlicent,  ami  the  llivcts  broad 
anil  wCn  f\ivcd.  1  he  whole  is  environed  In  a  linecapa- 
c.".;;:s  ,-.;nii  will  ftoied  wish  lilh,  ami  fie  neighbouring 
pr^'.p,  ^■. ,  .irc  \c;-i,  [.(auiilui.  'I'he  gates  are  eight  in 
iuirii\r;  t'lc  harbour  an.l  city  are  llrongi)  fortified, 
alio  tie  ii'.'-ter  cental  ns  \\  pariliies,  about  4OCO  houfes, 
ard  i!i  ar  ^'^oco  inhab:tanti.  Here  are  one  luiglilh, 
one  !  ruich,  one  Lutheran,  and  fix  Dutch  churches,  a 
Rcmm  L';  tliolic  chapil,  a  jews  fynagogue,  C\:c.  The 
Oaiir-lu  iile  is  a  line  building,  li'aated  111  the  markct- 
pia' T,  a.iorned  wi;h  :  ■;  natue.-.of  the  coints  aniK  oun- 
teiiis  i.|'  Holland,  a  llatue  of  the  empe.or  t'harles  V. 
aid  a  hardfonie  tower.     The  chamber  of  ihe  aU'embly 

ol    ti;;-  Ihle 

taruli'-. 


and  pilni,  '.()  be  i.dmiial 
born   lure   in  160-.     'IT.e 


C(;me  u]> 
'i'he  famous  ad- 
,  iro'ii  a  common  teaman 
tiu-  Unied  i'iOMiices,  was 
j-ri!  ce  ot  Oiar.ge,  as  mar- 
quis of  I  lulhinir  and  Veer,  or  1  eer-Veer,' is  full  no- 
bleman oi  ihepiovince,  anil  jireiiuent  in  ihc  aliembl) 
of  the  liate,. 

Ramnukins  is  a  ftronr:  forr,  built  by  Mary,  i|uccn 
of  Hungary,  and  goveriiel's  of  the  Low  Countries, 
for  Charles  V.  It  Hands  pieaiantly,  bc'iig  encompaned 
with  villages,  meadows,  and  tieJds  ;  and  on  one  lide  it 
has  a  cre.k,  which  is  a  f.de  haibour  for  iliips.  It  was 
one  ot  the  cautionary  towns  given  to  queen  llizabcth. 
VVelUCappclle  i^n  the  wellerii  1  uall  of  the  ill.uul,  has 
a  commodioiii  harbour,  and  is  fimous  for  tlie  maritime 
laws  iil'ed  III  the  Seven  I'roviivi,  ■,  and  (alkd  bv  its 
nam.-.  Tiie  |)al;.c;.of  the  abbots  of  Middleluiig,  c  u!  d 
VVelll'ove,  IS  pleafa:i;ly  litiiat.d  auion-il  uoods,  near 
Uomlvir;',  which  is  now  reduced  to  .1  \iiia|^c,  being 
luiiud  li)  inundation.;. 

Veer,  or  Teer-Veer,  four  miles  from  Middlebiir^-;, 
is  wtil  fortifkd,  and  has  a  good  trade,  cf|'.ecially  to 
Scotland,  tie  natives  of  whch  enjoy  particular  pri- 
vileges here,  'ihe  .-.rknal  is  the  belt  furnilhed  in  the 
province,  and  the  harbour  a  very  good  one.  'He 
Cahir.  lisaloiie  arc  allowed  the  public-  cxercile  of  their 
religion  in  the  town  ;  u  hence  the  Veres,  anciently  earls 
ot  (.)\tord,  liave  derived  buth  their  origin  and  name. 

The  illand  ol  Soiaii-Iieveland  is  the  pleafantell  of 
all  the  Zealand  il!and.^,  and  contains  the  low  n  of  Ter- 
Goes,  on  t!ie  noiihern  part  ol  the  illaiid,  not  far  from 
l-'alt  Sclielde.  It  is  fmall,  but  nearly  built,  llrongly 
foriilled,  and  cairits  on  a  good  trade  j  belidcs,  it  is 
the  on!\  lo'an  0:1  the  iHand  that  fends  dciHiries  Lo  the 
Ihites. 

Si  li(n\eii  ifle  is  1  7  miles  long,  about  eight  broad, 
tolerably  fertile,  has  many  rich  tarn  s  and  genileniens' 
feats,  and  contains  the  town  ot  Zirklee,  1  {  miles  from 
MKlillebiiig,  ulikh  fei'.ds  dejniUesto  the  ilaies. 

The  ill.md  of  Diiiv  eland  took  Us  name  from  the  great 
number  oi'diives,  or  pigeons,  whichformeily  abouiukj 
in  it,  and  contains  only  a  few  villages. 

'J  b.olen  il'e  is  eight  miles  long,  and  four  broad,  but 
does  not  contain  any  pl.ice  worth  naming,  except 
Tholeii,  whicn  Hands  on  the  Landracht,  is  well  forti- 
fied, fends  deputies  to  the  llates,  and  has  a  tiilkhcui'e. 

St.  Philips  illand  contains  only  one  village  ol  the 
fame  n.uiie. 


a-i  old  building,  but  is  finely  hung  .viih 


wr.i 


aparinun'..- 


IS  a  neat   edilice, 
ill 


rfi, 


1  oiiiaiiuiig 


k 


the  commillioneri  make   up  their 


1    R   I  1    S   I.  L  A  N  1). 


aLXoiin,;,  tiuee  t.iiics  in  a  \ear,  a 


nd  th 


U'.x   \:\t 


mod 


D.inl. 
ious 


H 

.at  in 


e  cit)  islecurity 


ere 


are  t\M  pnloii 


V.:.\\A 


Ua 


ho'.ifc 


a  l:\rg 


fe  mar 


1" 
hoik 
kct- 


llr 


fuanl 


F 


:il'SI  I,\M)i 


f}x<\   bv  the  Flic  to  the  wcif, 


niace  wliere  the  an 


mill  tail    is   ke;t,  a  iilh-niarket.  a  mar 


ket  ft; 


(ooningeii  and  Overyli'el   to   th.-  call,    by  the 
eiiiian  Ocean  to  the    north,  and   by  the  Zuyder  Sea 
the  fouth.      It  is  ^2  mile.-,  long,    27  broad,  has  a  foil 
)f  I  lolland,  rich  pailurcs,  that 


tot  lie  l( 


aiiil  air  rekniblmg  tliol' 
I 


I  il-'e.-,  an    cvcluinL 


.'.n^i  .11!  i  i>li)i 


a  mad 


dmufe. 


or  vege-  |j   feed    huge  quantities  ol   ca;tl( 


.■p,  horf 


es,  iS;c.  and 


an 


oi|)han-hoiife,       111  the  higher  grounds  good  corn  lands.     It  produces 


^r  the  aged  and  decrepiil.      I'he  burg-       tin  land  wood, 


las  mam  lases. 


and 


<  rs  Weill.!)  s  w  as 
ol  iieca'icil   lv,-r;i 


1718,  for  the  maintenance  ;    rhf  lea  by 


on  III 


ier.ible  d\  kes. 


Hi 


gua 


rdcd  fl- 


ing It    w 


!eit 


liers  children 
b-.-  a    1  v\\ 


th 


e   nioiiiv  tor  loiind- 


fiiil    ale  coiniiKri  e.   The  inhab 


re  are  many  ca 


•'t-.  are  cniet 


\\c 


ere  is  a  pond,  w  hich. 


knal-aplills.  The  language appioachi.s  the  iie.i 


luing   lilk-d    every    fpring-tide,    and    emptying   iifelf      Old  lai.lilh  of.my  oilier  in  tMirope.     The 


men  manii- 


agiin,    make,  a  coiKuuuiI  llri.')m  throiir 

n.ii,  lilt  1  prevents  the   water  from   Ihigiiating.     This 

cr.    is  ti'.e  llaple  liu'    b'reneh     and     Spanilli     w 


the  ca-  I    taCLiued  Here  is  the  lined  p.  rhaps  in  the  uni\cile,a 


nd 


lie  woollens  are  iiuk 


h  ell 


ecmeil, 


Tliealfemblvof  the 


Its    ti.U 


in  ot 


rtii  ks 


■ih  il-.it.in!: 


bum  coals 


IS   very  conliderable 


ines,  II  llates  here  conlill,  of  about  S2  perfons,  who  le:id  live 
de|iuti.-s  to  the  alkiubly  of  the  Hates  gneral.     Several 


li  they  procure  from   ,    co.irts  ani  chaiuhers  belong  to  tltis  province  ;  and  tne 


bek 


iZ 


Calvinift 


i'li: 


sk   » 


m 


*:r, 


\  NFW  ROYAI,  AND   AUrlllNTir  SVSTF.M  o;   IMVIUsM.  CI  OCUAmV 


ilV! 


r 


i\.  (!1 


■  i 


I.  .il\inil!mimlti'i>.iri'(liv.iic-iiinti)  li\  clalli  <\\liu  h  ImlJ 
l\  iuhIi  .iniui.ill)  .mil  .ili(  m.iit  1) . 

I.iuw.dilin,  tlu'i  apit.il  of  this  pm\inii',  is  fonuk% 
Jiom  Anilltrii.iiii  ti>  ilu-  iiuiih-iill,  ami  •;  lioiii  the 
(ii.rni.in  (Ktan  to  tlu-  loutli.  It  i-.  the  lar)',ili,  mlult, 
l-f't  Iniilt,  .iiul  iii'ill  p(ipuli)ii'i  town  (if  till'  pro^incf, 
the  Rat  ot'tlii'  pro\inLi.tl  ll.ms  and  tlic  lovcnii.'.n  roun- 
til,  anil  ihi'  iiMiilcnii-  <>t  tin-  IbiltlniMer.  'IIk'  lliccts 
arc  ikan,  tlu- hoiil'i'>  Ipliiiilid,  the  l>rii)j;cs  will  pa\cil, 
anil  thi-  jrn.liiis  pliMlaiu.  Ihe  i  iiurihis,  ihcgiivrr- 
nor'>  palari',  that  m  here  the  llatts  nii-ct,  ami  the  hiiufcs 
of  tlu-  nohliintii,  an-  fine  (UiicUires.  I  he  foini  of  the 
citv  i«  an  olilon.',  fqu.ire,  em  onipalleil  w  itii  ihoii;^  ram- 
paft!,  .1  liro.ul  ileep  ilitih,  ami  fi\  e  hiiluark-i  ot  earth, 
witiia  ilitih  to  eat  h.  It  ll.mils  ;na  triiittiil  fml  ;  anil, 
by  its  na\  i^',ahle  eanaN,  the  iar^ell  of  uhiih  iiins  to  the 
Docaii,  thi\  have  ,i  l;ooi1  traiie  \uih  llanilniig,  Bre- 
men, I'lnlnlen,  ami  Holiaml  ;  anil  are  plentihiily  fn[)- 
plutl  with  neeelliines  from  the  luigiihoiiringidimtnea. 
One  lit  their  eanals  to  the  welhvaril  is  feciiml  hy  llroni? 
lluieeN.  Mere  Mere  formerly  fmr  nuinalUrics,  now 
tiiiiHvl  to  other  iifi<.  They  ha\e  tuo  hofpitals,  one  <i( 
them  nolily  imioM  eil  for  ico  poor  ptrions  of  l)oth 
(e\e'>,  with  arioniiiioil.il ions  !or  the  aj^cil,  fiik,  ami 
liiintii:  ;  aiiii  tor  enteriauiinf^  poor  lirangers  two  ni|;lus 
at  a  time.  They  h.ne  le\iial  j;ooil  1  iws  tor  regnlatinj^ 
their  j^o\ernmcn,  into  whuh  th!\  ailmit  no  military 
iiien,  nor  any  Ini:  thofeof  tiie  elhilijilheil  relij^ion,  anil 
of  eompetent  elhitcs.  I'he  nni^illraey  is  compoleil  of 
threi  Inir^oir.alleis,  aiul  nine  fi  heepen.s,  or  aklermen  ; 
I'll  I't  thetornicr,  anil  two  of  the  latter,  arc  i  hanpiil 
anii.Mi''.  on  New  Ve:ir's  ilay.  '1  his  city  and  I  laiieker 
•ire  ilie  only  two  in  the  piovinee  that  i  huli  their  ow  n 
iiiai:i'.trati'- ;  thiife  of  the  other  tow  ns  .iie  .ippointej 
hy  tl;e  ihu'.ihokltr,  from  a  ih^ible  nomination  piet'eiiteil 
to  him. 

I  r.meker,  a  town  ahout  lo  milis  from  l.euwarden, 
and  tour  from  the  /.lulei-.'^ea,  has  an  iiniveriity,  and 
a  phyiic-garden.  The  I'alaries  of  the  profellors  arc 
paid  out  of  the  revenues  of  the  old  inonallcries  i  and 
the  Ihidinrs,  neither  in  thii  or  the  other  i:nivcrlitics 
of  the  provinces,  pa)  any  tax  for  their  wine  and  hecr. 
lii'.c  blue  gl  \/.ed  tiles  .ind  brieks  are  made  lune  in  large 
iinantitics. 

.^iieek  is  liruated  on  a  lake  of  the  fame  luiiiie,  whirh 
fiipplies  it  with  plcntv  of  iith,  both  tor  confiimption 
and  lilc;  but  otherMife  ot  no  note. 

iJokkum  Ihmds  in  ?  fjuittul  country,  aboiiiuling 
V  iih  corn,  pailiirc,  villages,  and  gentleiiiens  feats.  A 
great  deal  of  f.ijr  is  alio  made  at  it. 

1  larlingtii  llands  on  the  coail  of  the  /iivdcr-Sca, 
at  the  M'.outh  oi'  a  large  canal.  Theadmiialry  college 
ol'  1  licfelai'.d  l-.as  its  feat  here.  Its  iiianutaciures  ;'.re 
I'.dt,  bucks,  and  tiles. 

W'uikum  i^  tamous  tor  the  i]uantitics  of  lime  made 
there  ticm  inulVle  (hills  ;  "^  111  fends  de|uities  to  the 
(late?  ;  and  Makkimi  ^.a^  m.un  lalt-houlcs  and  brick- 
kilns. 

Hiniopeu  has  a  harbour  on  the  /uyder-Sea  ;  the 
ir.habiiants  arc  cmploved  in  linnng,  or  lliij)-bii:liling, 
and  dill'ttr  from  the  other  I'rielliaiu  iiiihalect  and  ap- 
p:irel. 

M.ilkwcreii  isa  vilLigc  fitimtcd  in  a  m.uiliy  j^round. 
'I  he;.'  Ipeak  here  a  (lartmilar  language,  mIiu  h  none  of 
the  oiher  inhabii.int^  of  the  country  are  able  to  under- 
lland.  It  i:.  :i  n  inaiiidcr,  or  diak\t,  of  the  anc  ieiit 
.Sixon  ;  lo  that  the  people  of  that  village,  and  the 
Isiigliiii,  iinikriland  each  other  pretty  well.  The 
houle.^  I. ire  .irc  all  Iqiarated  from  one  another,  and 
^iliccd  fo  irriguhuly,  that  when  a  flrangcr  i  omes  into 
this  village,  he  mull  have  a  guide  to  help  liim  out  of 
that  lah\  nnth. 

At  Uykeb  \illagc,  in  the  ini.irtcrof  the  Seven  lo- 
re iS,  are  intciied  ti.e  remain.^  of  the  teleliraled  general 
Cochorn  ;  and  on  the  coail  of  Iriefeland  are  two  little 
illa:idi,  vi/..  Ameland  and  Si  hiermonnigkoog,  the 
tornurof  ■.  liich  belongs  to  the  pi i nee  of  Orange,  as 
1  hee  ir.depeiiileiu  lordll.i[). 
I 


one  o!  the  ll.ms,  .uul  has  llillgre.u  tiMvili  ge.;,  is  laru 
and  populous,  being  the  Uatol  the  nigh  college 


(.  K  ()  \  I  N  (.  I-:  N. 

C''  ROMNCil'N  Is  I),  mkdon  thewel'  by  1  riefelaiid, 
"^  on  the  call  Iv,  Mimlli  r,  onthe  I'outli  by  l).iienthe, 
.ind  on  the  mirth  li\  the  (u'rm.in  Oce.in.  It  is  .(•/ 
milis  long,  ai\il  the  gr.aielt  breadth  is  about  y]  n.ili«. 
The  air  and  foil  .iie  lin.ilar  to  ihofe  ol  liuVland. 
The  number  of  c.inals  and  d)  kes  are  very  conlidciablr, 
and  the  principal  river  is  the  llimle.  'I'hc  Hate-,  i  onlilt 
ot  the  diputies  ot  the  town  ot  (ironing,en,  and  ot  ih>- 
luighbouring  lountrv  thercot  ;  and  the  Cfilleges  are 
mil',  h  the  lame  as  m  the  otiu  r  pioviiiccs,  .'^i  \  deputic. 
are  lent  to  the  llates-genei.il.  I  he  number  ol  i  ll.i. 
blillied  clergy  are  I'lO  imnillirs,di\  tiled  into  7  dalles  i 
and  the  pi  nil  ip.il  pl.u  e-  .lie 

(jriiningeii,  the  capital,  litiutul  at  the  rontlus  of 
feveral  nviiUts,  whiih  torm  the  Hi'Mlc  and  liiil. 
Ships  ot  confuici able  burthen  can  come  up  to  the  i  in  , 
in  conltiiiicm  cot  which  iteiijins  a  good  trade.  lie 
iiiiiverlit)  is  w  ell  endowed  out  ol  the  re\enues  ot  tl'.c 
am  iiiu  munalieries.  'li.e  hmm;,  which  was  tbin.erly 
as  llillgre.u  p;ivili  ge.;,  is  laru'" 
.    ,  .     ._.,  .,e  Uat  ot  the  nij;h  colleges,  and 

ntainmg  j  Ij'ai  l^u^  ni.ii  ket-places  and  llreits,  in 
whichare  m.un  line  houfc--,  beliiles  i  liiiu  his,  and  otl.oi 
public  llruiiures.  I)y  the  1  im  r  1  i\el,  and  the  1  enif. 
It  has  a  cdiimnmicatioii  with  Willphalia.  In  ri'-;  it 
iiiadc  a  gallant  rilillanceagainll  thebilliopol  Muiiliei. 
Koilolphus  .AgricoU,  and  Vclelins,  two  ot  the  moll 
leainid  nun  ot'ihe  age  in  v.luch  ihcv  lived,  weie  born 
here.  Under  t!ie  |unfd:iti<in  ofthisiity  i^a  coiUidcr- 
able  diltrict,  cilkil  tlie  ( I'orccht. 

Ham,  or  D.immc,  llamls  onthe  riser,  or(h;MineI, 
called  l)amltcidi(^i.  1  he  Imini  lalills  took  this  c;ly  In 
fioiiu  in  I  y_i(\  whenthofeol  (Kklirlaiul  were  lor  . 
ol  It  ;  and  It  was  then  agreed,  that  the  walls  Ih  .id 
never  be  rebuilt,  nor  the  town  tortilicd.  Tliou'  this 
isanopen  place,  \et  it  has  all  the  privikges  ,  aiit», 
and  Iciiiis  ileputici  to  the  llates  ol  the  ]irovince.  It 
has  lullered  \ir\  much  of  late  bv  inundations, 

Dell/.yl  has  a  \er\  good  harbour,  whiih,  for  litiia- 
tion,  ar.d  olhci  ad\antages,  e\i  ecils  that  of  I'nibdcn. 
It  IS  a  llrmu;  place,  fuiroumlid  with  good  r.uiipart>, 
amlKvin  baluoiis  ;  and  delemled  by  a  citadel,  encom- 
pallid  bv  broad  and  deepditi  lies.  In  167:  the  Dutch 
l-,all-ln.li.i  Hcct,  conlilhng  of  1.^  lliips,  the  cargoi-.  of 
whith  were  valued  at  10  millions  Ihiling,  cfi  .Tiied  into 
this  harbour  from  t lie  b.nglitli  Heet,  which  purfuid  them- 
very  i  lofe. 

Winfitnten  is  a  llrong  tort rcf^  but  was  taken  and 
[lundercd  by  tlu  tioop>  ol  Munller  in  i()-4.  It  is 
ihictiy  remarkable  tor  the  lull  battle  tought  againll 
t!-.e  .S|)aniau!b  in  ijfiS,  bv  the  Dutih,  111  dcle;'.ce  ot 
their  liberty  ;  whcniount  Lewis  of  ^  illau,  brother  to 
;)r;ncc  W  illi.im  I.  deleatcd  the  Span     ■  general  Arcn- 


l  ...... 

berg,  who  was  killed  m  the  a..'tio:i,  alter  himlelt  had 

killed,  with  hi>  own  hand,  count  Adoljihus  of  Nallaii, 

another   broth.ir  of  prini  c  William  I.      I'hc  Spaniards 

loll  in  the  battle  1  .^ o  men,  all  their  bagg.u.;e,  and  lix 

guns. 

O  \    I'.  R  -  Y  S  S  I'.  I.. 

0\I'R-\SSl.l.i<boi;n  lidon  the  foutlib;  j.utphrn  ■ 
on  the  north  bv  I  riellland  .ind  Drcnthe  ;  to  the 
call  by  the  county  of  H.n'heim,  and  the  bilhopiu  i.f 
Munlter;  and  to  the  well  by  the  /uyder-Sca.  It  ha^  the 
name  of  Over-I  Hel  from  its  lituation  in  iclpect  of  Hol- 
iaml. Utrecht,  and  part  of  Ckklerland.  V\ith  refpect  to 
the  foil,  it  is,  in  general,  tir  interior  to  the  other  [iio- 
\ince  ,  being  fullof  lands,  heaths,  and  marlhes  ;  \ct,  in 
fome  places,  they  havx-  good  corn  land  and  palUire.  t  he 
llates  conlill  ot  the  nobility,  and  the  towns  ot  Ueven- 
ter,  K.impcn,  and  /wol,  in  which  their  annual  allem- 
blies  are  alternately  held.  The  piovigCe  was  long 
fubjcct  to  the  billiops  of  Uirciht,till  billiop  Henry, ot 
Bavina,  transtened  it  to  Uharles  \'.  and,  in  1580,   it 

acceded 


lUROl'l.] 

ari  edeil  to  t 
hiiniK  and  ci 
pioviihiH;  a 
ill  me  to  I  hi 
I  leigv  ol  the 
four  (  l.ilV.s, 
I  h'lf  towns. 
\ IP'  e .'ic  the 

l)(  ( enter, 
ii  a  11  a-,  po) 
cont  unm.;  ft ' 
ii  gi  mnihUMi 
anil  live  anm 
plea  fa  lit  fir: 
rhe  nver  tid 
Ilic:. 

K.ini[)(!i,  < 
m.iy  be  i.il  I 
1,  .1  CDrin'i,   I 

pkue  '.va>  one 
imt  r>  trade 

1  loirelt  IS 
nmumden  i- 
Ami  Is  i-;  fill 
\\'«)i  lenhove 
p'ac. 

/.Wol  is  th 
the  pioi  III!  . 
1  hiinhes  ani 
gtanar. .  I  h 
and  K.inpen 
a  Kempii  wa 


1~^inSpn 
.     lodilli 
tiers,   uliieh 
\\c  U.wc  abe 
Norili   Cielil 
and  (  h  ves, 
the  nortii  1)1. 
the   foulh 
1)1111.     h  1 
ot  .)w  liom  c 
air  is  mm  h 
and  the  foil 
V,  au  re.l  In 

^;i;i,  I.e.'; 

il'A  I  lied  ml 
.Ti.l  Arnheii 
Thole  for  il 
(IcputlCi  fe 
iipwaids  ot 
K' 111,111  Cat 
T:--  princij 
lollou  : 

Niiiuguc 
the  tju.iitcr 
I  it', ,  llion" 
the  ()|ipu 
flood.  Ih 
:\lf  mble  in 
tlie  [leacc  i 
a;id  the  co 
the  ilucln 
white  beer, 
proiim  (s. 
wliii  h  the 
ed    by    the 

U  ho  irlidc 

of   the   pi( 
higher  pai 
lio'.ii  liidd 
are  man;, 
full  as  do. 

tills    ^Itv  , 


V  \ 


KAlllY 

N. 

•Aii^  l)y  Iiicril.inil, 
I'nulli  liy  I  ).ii(nilu', 
On'.in.  It  is  47 
li  i^  ;ih(iiii  it  iiiili«. 
•.iilc  «)l  I  l!i'il;itld. 
ir  very  ronliifciiililr, 
The  lUtisoinlilt 
inin;;cn,  arul  ot  ih,- 
A  liic  collim's  .iri" 
iii.C'i.  Si  \  (icputic, 
111'  numlKT  (It  I  It.i. 
.  iik-il  inti)  7  il.illcs  i 

:\l     tin-   roDlllls    d' 

I  I'MiU    .md   I  ivil. 

line  lip  to  the  i.ir\  , 

iMMiiJ  truilc.      I'll 

H'  rt'Ncniics  ot  tt'.e" 

lili  !l  \\;!s    iDlila'tly 

piivili  pc;,  i^  l.iiL"' 

hij;h  c()lli.'};i-,  ,111,1 

1 1 ^  .mil   llrcit.,  n 

iiiu  iK->,  ;iiiil  (itl.ci 

iM-l,  .mil  il'.c  1  ti.i>, 

ll'li.ili;i.      Ill  II.-  :  It 

liitluipiil  Mtiiillci. 

ivMi  ot    the  inoll 

Ky  livai,   ucic  hoiii 

Us  I  ily  i^  ;i  tonlidcf- 

c  ri\i'r,  or  <  li,iniul, 
ll.s  took  this  c;iy  In 
Kiiilaiul  were  loi 
.It  the  walls  111  ,k| 
itiiil.  'I'lmu'  this 
■  piivih^cs  ,  a  (  it», 
)l  till-  piovmi  e.  li 
imintluiions. 
iiir,  «  hu  ii,  tor  (i!i!:i- 
ils  that  di'  I  nih.lrii. 
ivilh  j^ooii  r.unparts, 
!<)■  a  (  ifaikl,  eiirmn- 
ill  167:  the  Duich 
hips,  the  iwigot  >  oi' 
Ihiliiii;,  e((  .ipeil  into 
«hu  h  purlin.d  theiih 

;,  lint  was  takin  ami 
ter  ill  I ()-.(..  It  IS 
battle  loij^ht  a^ainii 
itili,  in  iletei'CL-  f)l 
it"  ^  illau,  hfiJther  to 
an  '  general  Aren- 
n,  alter  himC.  It' hail 
Aiiolplius  of  Nallaii, 
1  I.  The  Spaniards 
eii  l>.ig_i:;.u;e,  aiivl  lix 


1:   I.. 

"  foiilh  h  _-,utphen  • 
iiil  Dicntlu-  ■,  to  the 
lul  the  l)ilhnpru  of 
ycler-Sea.  It  ha^  the 
)n  111  lelpect  ot'Hol- 
mei.  With  rel'peet  to 
or  to  the  otiicr  pro- 
iiul  niarllies  ;  yet,  in 
lie!  aiKl  ;)alhire.  The 
he  towns  ot  Ueven- 
their  annual  alleiii- 
provioce  "Vas  loiifr 
ill  Lillioj)  1  lenry.ot 
\'.  and,  ill  1580,  it 
ae  ceded 


M.Rdi'l.]  II    O    1,    1, 

aecciKd  to  the  union  of  Utrceht.  Here  air  high  tri-  I| 
biiii.il^  and  <  olh- es,  arilunit'j^  to  thole  of  the  otiier  jl 
p;o\in,ni  and  li\e  depnMes  aii- romironly  Cnt  Iroin  : 
III  nee  t.>  ihe  ..llemhly  of  the  fhiti '5.(.;enir.il.  The  | 
I  ill;;',  nl  the  ellal'li  llu'd  rt!i>.'iyiC  who  are  dis  iilcd  into  h 
tour  <  l,i(V  M,  |,o!d  their  annual  lynrufi  alrernatrlv  in  the  ; 
lint  tdwns.  J  he  moll  rinaik,ilile  plues  m  the  pro-  j 
MP'  "-.ue  the  fili'iwin;;  :  j 

Mewmer,  in   the  i]tiirtcr  nf  .S,ill,ind,  on   the    Ml'el,  1 
i^  a  iv.f,  pop'iloiiN,  Well  Ixiili,  ,nid  \m  ll-loitilieil  city,   , 
coin  iiniii  ;  It  V  rr.il  iluir, •!','■   heloiij.;inL;  to  ilillerent  (ccts,   j. 
a  in  iniiituiMi  dhjlre,  a  niiiit,  ;'.Md  an   iron   tounderv; 
ami  live  :innu.  I  t  iii;.  are  held  litre.      Ihe}  hiew  alio  a 
plraf.i:it  l">rr  of  |v  ir,  ami  have  a  i/ood  tiade.     Alonp 
the  li.er  tide  ;,  a   l;.ie  ijuay,  adorned  «ith  rows  of 
Iiee:. 

K.miptr^  (in  rl  i-  Vlli !,  i,  llron;^  fnnn  its  lituation.aml 
ni.iy  lie  Lilly  l.iiil  undei  w.iter.  The  wooden  bridge 
I .  .1  eiirid'.!^  liru.'ture,  llaiuimi':  upon  \,ill  pih's.  Thii 
pl.ue  w,i>  once  a  tree  imperial  1  ii', ,  aiul  h.'.i  llill  a  mint, 
but  1'-  trade  is  ^^re.uK  deeayed. 

Iloirelt  Is  a  lortilied  town  on  the  Hlailxwatcr;  (ie- 
mnumden  is  remaikable  for  the  m.its  made  there; 
\iiieN  is  fimed  tor  its  nianul.ktures  ot  line  linen;  and 
\\  oi  lenhoveii,  i^n  the  /.u\der-Se;i,    r.   a   eoinmereial 

pv..  •  j! 

/.wtl  is  tlu- liinJdiniell  and  moll    \u.ilihy   town   in  l| 

till-  [voMn...      It  1,  llroit^rly  t'ortili'd,  loiitains  feveral  11 

1  liiir.  Iu■^  and    hM||)i(al  ,  an  arl'enal,   a  eollcj^c,  and  a  ' 

;.;iaiv.ir..    'I  he  piiiMiu'i.il  llareiiiieet  here,  at  Deventer,  |i 
and  Kaii'pen  altern.itely  :    aiul  the  eel'  li|-.irid  'I  hoin.i:,- 
akempi.i  was  prior  ot  a  iiion.ilUr)  luai  this  town. 

G  I',  l.  1)  i:  R  1,  .VN  I). 

I"'!  II'^  pnninre  i;  vifinl! ;•  eallrd  North-CIcIderland, 
i'ntilli;ij;ui1h  It  from  Upper  (ulderland,  ordel- 
•leis,  uh'i  h  Kelo'i,'-.  to  the  kinj^  i.f  l*rii|1ii,  ami  uhieh 
wi'  ii.ive  alieid\  dTenbed  i;i  that  nionari  h's  dominions. 
Nortli  (ield;r!  m  I  i ,  boumlid  on  tlie  lall  i)'  Munller 
and  (lives;  1. 1  ;!,e  \\i  II  b;  L'rieeht  and  I  l''liand  ;  on 
the  nortli  U',  C)•.er-^l^el  andilu  /.u\der-Sei;  and  on 
the  liiu'Ji  by  the  .\T.ies,  whi.  h  lVpa:.ites  it  troni  Kii- 
l)uit.  It  i^  4-  mile>  triuii  north  f,)  t'outh,  ;iiid  upwards 
ot  41/  liom  call  111  Uill.  Tlu  lind  Iks  hii'her,  and  the 
an  I,  nun  h  iluuer,  ih.in  in  i!h'  maritime  provinecs, 
and  tiu  liul  in  molt  |:irt,,  ,irc  IruiMiil.  (ielderland  is 
v.,iure,l  by  ;lie  Rhine,  and  its  three  branches,  the 
"1  I'll,  l.ei  k,  ,i:-d  \Saal,  fevftal  >  ,ki;\1s,  \-c.  It  is 
tli\  uled  into  three  diilriots,  vi/.  N'imej.;iien,  /iitplien, 
.Ti.l  Ainheim,  eacii  of  which  I'.tis  its  diets  and  Mates. 
Thole  tor  ilie  proviiuc  are  held  twiie  a  y.ir,  and  the 
diputie!  lent  tii  i!ie  lhites-;j;erier.il  are  ii^.  1  lere  are 
iip.uiids  of  100  CaUiniU  minilleis,  4  Lutheran,  14 
iv  iii.iii  C.ttholi.,    and     {    Anaba|)til1     conjj;rej^ations. 


incipti!  place.  1:1  the  dil'ria  of  N'ime;;uen  are  as 
Ninuguoii  llands  0:1  tin- W'a,;!,  and  i;  the  ('a()ital  ot 


fillow 


:i  U  L'lves  name.     !f  i-;  ;i  larLi-eaiK  ieiu 


the  ipi.iiterto  wliiel       ^  ^^_  _ 

111',,  ltion;..Jy  t.irtitied,  and  pkafantu'  litiitiled,  where 
the  Oppidiini  liat.Ui'nmi  is  lujipolcd  by  tiime  to  have 
Hood.  Ihe  pill',  in  i.il  (lares,  and  thole  of  the  dillriiH, 
alii  mble  in  the  Ikiik-houle.  'I  his  i  ay  is  fimous  for 
the  peace  concluded  here  in  ifi"S,  iietwcen  the  French 
akl  the  confedent's.  It  ciniis  on  a  I'liod  trtide  with 
the  dill  he  of  CI  :- ul   make,  jnear   jirofit  by  its 

w  lute  beer,  which  1-  ,1  N  !'  i  lleemed  thmujrhout  the 
pros  ill!  IS.  In  the  tow  n  hmife  is  kept  the  fword  with 
wliii  h  the  counts  I'.i;mont  and  iloorn  were  behead- 
ed by  the'  duke  ot  AK.i's  order.  The  Iniif^rave, 
who  irliiles  in  the  calHe,  is  one  ol  the  chief  nobles 
of  tlu;  piovinie,  atid  pretide;  in  its  diets.  In  the 
Iii.;her  p,irt  of  the  city  are  three  1  iri'.e  ponds,  fed 
lioMi  liiddcn  fprinj^s;  and  thr(n;p,h  the  whole  there 
are  iiuiii;,  deep  wells,  which  are  obferved  to  rife  and 
full  as  does  the  Maes,  thoui;h  lix  miles  diH-int  from 
tills  i-ity,    wliereas  the  W'aji  run :  dole  bv  it,  burin 


.\    N    I),  8:7 

a  valley,  towards  whieli  the  dtfccnt  is  confiderablc. 
Upon  the  f;ate  to  the  iiorih-wfll  of  the  callle  arc 
thele  mlcriptions  :  J'.>  tm/iiiii.  I  li<r  ii/'jiir  iiii  iS'lavn.r. 
Mcli'ir  c/l  />f/fii-'</'.t  lilinia.f  '/u.tm  /ii\iiu.i  pacifica.  'I"hat 
is  to  fay,  "  This  is  the  border  of  the  fm|)ire.  .So  f.ir 
reachc,  the  rinht  of  Stavira.  It  is  better  to  have  liber- 
ty with  war,  than  ll.ivery  with  peace,"  The  reafon  of 
thele  inftriptioti'i  is  fuppofed  to  be,  that  this  was  the 
limit  of  the  Koman  em()iri'  on  this  lide  ;  and  that  the 
iiiipoll,  or  tav,  I  .died  Si.ivir.i,  reached  not  them,  be- 
laufe  they  were  exeinpteil  trom  this  i  ity  to  .'Xmhcim, 
aciofs  the  IJetuwe,  ;ibout  fcven  miles  lon^,  at  the  cliaiyc 
of  thtfe  two  cirie;.. 

Tiel,  on  the  Waal,  17  niilei  well  of  Niiiieguen, 
thmif^h  much  decayed  trom  its  pnlHne  Iplcndor,  is  itill 
poj)iiloii-i,  and  h,iH  a  tolerable  trade. 

iVimmel,  the  capital,  afid  only  conliderable  place  of 
an  ilkind  of  the  fimc  naine,  otherwifc  called  Uenimcl- 
wtieit,  llands  on  the  riser  Wa.il.  It  is  a  pleafant 
walled  city,  with  broad  and  rej^ular  flrccts.  It  is  very 
llrong,  beiii;;  lortilied  with  good  curtains,  ballions, 
and  towers,  a  iloiible  wall,  and  double  ditdus.  It 
Hands  low  ,  in  ;i  mirlhy  ground,  which  can  be  ovc:- 
Howeil  from  the  W.iiil  anil  the  Maes.  Jt  furrendered  t(i 
the  I  renchin  1^7:,  w  ho  fpent  14  day,  in  dcllroyingits 
foriilicatioiis,  carried  off  the  artillery  and  ammunition, 
and  <»bliged  the  tiiwn  to  [)ay  j^),ooo  guilders  to  pre- 
vent its  being  burnt.  It  wasiitterwanls  Ihongly  fortiliei 
when  recovered  by  the  flatcs.  'ihe  town  chutes  their 
own  niai'id  rates,  unikr  w  hofj  iurifdiition  is  tlic  whole 
illuid  ot  liomitul,  iti  which  are  many  good  vilLiges, 
and  which  is  about  ij  miles  long,  atid  4  broad,  be- 
tween thai  and  the  Maes. 

liatenburg  is  the  i  hief  place  of  a  little  diftiiJl,  call- 
ed .Maes  and  W.itd,  becaufe  it  lies  between  thole  tv.o 
rivets,  ncir  their  conMux.  The  town  has  the  title  ol  ,1 
barony;  and  two  brothers,  lords  of  IJatcnbuig,  were 
beheaded  at  Hriill'els,  in  the  year  ij^'V,  by  the  ilukc 
ol  Alva's  ordeis.  The  counts  ot  1  loorn  were  alio  de- 
li ended  trom  tiiat  family. 

I'anderen  is  a  \ill.ige  in  the  bailiage  of  Upper 
Iktuwc,  u  here  bcgii'.s  the  new  i  :in,il,  ihiough  whuh 
the  Rhine  at  prelent  pallis.  In  the  fame  b..||iage  flood 
Ibrmerly  the  .'^t  henken-Schanze,  .1  very  llrong  and 
ip.uious  tort,  built  in  Is  ts()  by  geiieial  M.irtin  ,Schcnk: 
and  the  Tolhaus,  a  callle  where  the  diikis  ot  (ielder- 
land frequently  retkled,  and  w  here  velFels  flill  pay  toll, 
as  they  diii  tormerly.  The  IJetuwe  is  that  track  ot 
land  lying  betju'en  the  Rhine  and  the  Waal.  It  u 
divided  into  tuobailiagis,  i  ailed  the  Upperand  Lower, 
or  I'iallern  and  Wellerti  Betuw.e. 

/aitphen,  a  town  on  tlie  right  bank  of  the  '^  Hel, 
is  large  and  Ihongly  foriilied,  and  has  a  bridge  ot  boat^ 
over  the  'hi  lei,  which  divides  the  town  into  two  parts. 
The  whole  ncighboitring  country  ir.ay  be  laid  under 
water  by  means  of  the  Borkel,  a  river  which  here  ;oins 
the  YU'el.  There  arc  fevcral  churches  here  belong- 
ing to  dilVercnt  fe.'ts,  with  hofpitals  for  the  aged,  lick, 
orphans,  and  Itrtuigers,  and  a  gvmnaliiim.  There 
;ire  pleafant  walks  about  it,  elpeci.iily  on  the  ramparts. 
The  ciri/ens  are  noted  loi  tin  ir  courtefv  and  poliienels, 
to  which  the  nnny  juntli'men  w  Im  live  here  gieaily 
contribute.  Thegre.u  Mr  l'hili|)  ,Sydiie\  tlied  here  of 
the  wounds  he  received  at  the  liege  ol  this  city;  and 
(ii  raid  \  .111  /utplien,  mtillei  to  the  tainous  Thomas-a- 
Kenipis,  was  Ixirn  here. 

Arnheim,  the  third  dillrict,  contains  a  town  of  the 
fame  naiiio,  which  is  not  only  the  capital  of  this  dif- 
tiici,  but  of  the  whole  province.  It  flanils  on  rh.t- 
Rhine,  at  tl;e  foot  of  the  Veluwe  hills,  (,  miks  from 
Nmuguen,  and  4S  trom  Amllerdain,  and  is  tlronidy 
loitilied.  It  h,i';  all'o  a  commodious  haiboiir,  and  is 
the  l(.at  ol  the  fupreme  council  of  ti^lkrland,  .\nA  the 
chamber  of  accounts.  Here  is  an  ancient  p,ilace,  ia 
which  the  dukes  of  CJdderland,  aiiil  after  them  the 
Ikidthokkrs  of  the  province,  uled  W  keep  their  court. 
The  walls,  being  deli;ihtly  planted  wiih  limerrees, 
render  the  walks  pleafant.     In  the  rreat  church  are  the 

monuineiuj 


,  'ir 


(I     '       >l 


■1« 


I'  '•' 


rf  ? 


u'4?: 


!    (' 


ri    ^ !  .. 


♦  if;         A  NF.W,  ROYAL,  ani>  AL  lllLNTiC   SVSl 

luinun  iMU  ot  lV\ov;\l  con-.;;  ;\iii.i  duk;  ,  nt   ta-KkThu;il ; 
ai.i!   lu'.ir   the  citv  i>  the  v'.laui-  ol  lloT'i  ibcck,  where 


tlie  iinpdiT  ller.iv  111.  v.;'slr-,rn  ir.  inr'. 

At  H:ir(lc  rv.  \  k,  litiniii  o.-i  th;-  /.vi)  .'crSea,  is  ;in 
iinivciruv,  Mhich.iiii  1641,  \v:i-i)i'l)  a    Ai/'.;  J:l:,;'ii-. 

'1  l-e  ta.ie  ol  tie  to'Ati  i .  eoiiliJer.ible,  elj)-.c:;i!ly  in 
fiih,  ot  v  l.ieh  IK  reil  lu'rri:\L;-  ave  in\ich  a^iinired.  The 
nttl.!e(it  St.  Mary's  ehui'i  h,  a  lliUv.  llriKiiire,  is  to 
b;'.:h  tliat  it  k  i\e^  tor  a  l,i!',.i--iuirk,  bring  leen  at  a  great 
ciilkuue,  both  by  lea  ami  l.iiiii.  riiHl  gious  qiiamitics 
of  bluc-beiiies  aie  gatieied  in  tlic  r.eiuhboiiring  wooils, 
ain.1  earricJ  ti>  Aiv.lleril.un,  .lulnti'u  inuiis.  'lliepio- 
vinciai  iiriu  is  in  tbise;:'.,  the  b'liiilcatioi-.s  ct  which 
arc  in  th''  aticielit  UMiitvr.  lie  taliircs  iawyei' 
Gcia'-  .  ^  Wietius  is  laid  to  ii.i\e  beiii  a  ;ia;i\e  (>f  t!iis 
place. 

lii'.hi- lU' ghb(  uii.oo'i  of  W.igeniiigeii,  a  firall  town 
on  tiie  i\hi!ie,  uith  a  eoir.n-.odfui- harbour,  tobacco  is 
niiich  cultivated. 

I-.lbi:rg  l-  a  liiiall  to\.n  on  the /uyder-Sia,  uhofe 
rani[;arts   planted   witii  lime-trees,  fi)rin   a  deligiitlul 
valk.     Its  inhabitant.^   fiirlili:    tb.ieriv    bv   liliiiii};  and       and  tl 
catching  wild  ducks. 

In  that  track  of  land  called  the  \ 


1".M  or  UMVr.RSAI,   CiMX.R  MM  iV. 

.\niers!'oort  is  lituatcd  on  the  liiile  ri>cr  I'.em,  vblch 
runs  by  its  walK,  and  fills  into  ilie  /imi.r-Sta.  1:  ,...,1. 
its  name  from  a  tori!  on  this  river:  :r  1-  i;\  iiiiie.^  diliani 
from  that  lea  to  the  fouth,and  17  tioni  L  iiecht  touarvis 
the  noith-call.  It  is  .in  .tm  lent  tov  11,  ami  ..a-  the  ulial 
jctreat  of  the  billiops  of  L  iricl.t,  w  luii  iliove  oiu  by  i!  e 
citizens;  aijd  the  inhabitants  of  tins  place  lieqnenil', 
hilpid  to  retb^re  them.  I'his  town  was  ancicntl,  b  ,1 
filial!,  as  appears  from  the  remains  of  it-  .■Kl  f. ir:i'i,  i- 
tions.  It  is  now  nuich  lirger,  anil  \m11  take  luar  an 
hour  to  walk  round  it.  It  isot  r,o  ^.^eat  llrenrth,  being 
commandeil   by  a  neighlioiir.ng  hill.       I  he  buildings, 

'!  hey 


;l-,e  lor.!- 


Ih'p  01    !.'•(),  b.'loni;i;i_',   witiia  be.'.if.iful  leal  on  it,  to 


the  [iri:-.ce  cf  Oran_je 
U     I 


!■: 


'-rilF.  pvovinc.M.f  L':ivchi 
-»-     and  (.;.kleiland.a  bmil 
inc. 


C    1 1     r. 

is  rurroiiiu'ci! 


lolland 

p,r,  t  whicii  bor.lerson  the 

lei'ig'-h  is  a'.'.. Hit  ^:  miles, 

ri.eair  is  laliil-i  ious,  and  the  lod 

re  tic  R'line,  I.eck,  \echt,  anil 

'I'lie  provinciaf  Hates  are  coni- 


Zu;  iler  Sta  ex.vjj.e.i 
the  breadth  about  ;o. 
fniiirid.      Thi  rivers 

i'onie  fmaller  Ificams.    ^  ., 

poled  of  I  2  p.  eirbers,  an>i  three  d.jv.i'.ics  .m- 1.  n;  to  the 
allembly  ot  the  .States  (n-ncra!.  li.e  eltabliihed  clergy 
are  divuie;!  1:1:0  three  cl:i:ic-,  an.l  l':i)!d  an  :mii'.Ml  l\  nod 
at  L!trc\  ht. 

Utictht,  the  capital  of  ihij  jjicvii'ci',  and  feat  of  the 
flares,  is  lo  caiicd  from  its  ancient  le.  n' or  [lallaiic  over 
the  Rlii;ic.  It  is  a  huge  and  oi.p,,!i  .is  cin ,  lia'atctl 
U}  miies  fn  m  .Vmllcr.laiii  a:id  Ibitleulain.  1  here 
Mere  fe\ era!  I:i:gc  an.l  1 1,  li  n,(ri:ilitrks,  aiul  other  re- 
bgini.s  hoiiits  here,  bcioie  ii.c  leloimri':!.  The 
churches  a:e  i-  agnilicenr,  cipo.  lall,-  that  of  St.  Mar- 
tin,  torn  triy  th.-  catheilral,  .■,k\  i;iiia:!-.  called  the 
(iomc.  Over  that  of  .'^t.  Sa!\a  Icr,  01  tlu did  minllcr, 
where  the  Knglilh  have  a  place  of  uoillup,  1-  a  mufeiim 
of  111!  to:'--,  ot  air.iii'ici  and  raiitie-.  '.'lie  onlv  de- 
fence ol  the  (It.  :.^  a  wall  i\'i  ihei\;nil.  liere  i>  a 
flatciv  tov,  n-hrule,  with  a  comn.:ir.dcr\  irf  the  Teutonic 
order,  and  a  cekbrat  ■!  i;ii;\i  ili;\',  w  hich  v.a-  lound- 
ul  in  ifijf-,  I'iKc  wiich  it  hala  tioiiriflied  i/e.itb, 
though  It  hrs  not  all  the  privileges  of  moll'  othoi 
univerlitie-,  being  wholly  fubje.t  to  tl  e  magilhates  of 
the  city.  The  .nail,  wul.oi.t  the  town,  haMng  live 
tow  ol  lofty  limes  on  each  lide,  is  \(.r,  plrafant";  and 
the  ph;,  lie  g:irdiii,  belon.'iin.;  to  the  univerlity,  is  cx- 
trtiiieiy  curious.  There  are  fue  churches  here  that 
have  ihai'teiii  but  tl-.e  11  embfrs  of  thofe  puicliafe 
lUir  place-,  ol  v.l-.ah  lome  c(, it  (>  or  70CO  guilders. 
'I  he  Itr.ams  whi'  h  run  through  fevir.J  of  the  llrects 
I.  iitii'  ute  much  to  the  beauty  and  (  leanlinef^  of  the 
t'.ivii;  and  tl'.c  c.uial  that  istuttioni  th,-  I.eck,  an.' 
[lallev  li.roiii^h  11  t.i  AmlUrdam,  will  c.ir-.  lliip,  ot  ;inv 
burdicn.  Pupt  Atlnui  \1.  \wis  a  native  ofthiscitf. 
Ml.-,  epitaph  IS  worth  inlcrtillg:  /IJiwui':^  S, \iii.<  hu  /.■//o 
,//,  i/,<i  i:::i  I  ■!  i<:  .  na  int,  .ul:i.<.  J:,.\it,  t/uiim  iju.U  1:1:- 
/■■>,iii{,  I  e.  •'  Xdiiin  \  !.  lies  hnc,  wh.' reckoned  it 
bis   greiid'    iiibi. III. :r,e  thai    he  fliuiil.l  ever  have  bccn 

•  ailed  I  •  v,o\eiiiiien'."       Ijir,,   m   1^7,^,    the  ir.cmo- 
la'.'Ic   union    was  '  '  '  '      " 
.1  ..',   in  I  -  1  (,  the 

^  ,aii(  c  on  ilv  i-Av  pan,  and  the  a!l.e>  on  the  other, 
i  lie  i'lpiil-  h've   a  n.!!!'::,,!!  auhbnliop  ol   the  <  ity  . 

•  I  I  '' >.'•  s.i  ''1:>  tnanula.  I'M)  ,.ar;:ed  on  in  11,  wlmh 
eii.j  '■■',  .  I  nuii.iiei  ol   liandi. 

•1 


elpeeially  thole  of  ih.e  Okl  Town,  ine  \  eiy  ne.it. 
have  three  churches  here,  one  of  .thii  h  is  a  huge  ami 
ll.itely  fabric.  Their  holpiials  are  eipi  il  to  tliole  of  the 
greater  cities  ;  and  tliey  h.;r,  c  .1  piilJic  !'■  ho.d,  wheiele- 
\er.il  endiietit  perfons  h:i\e  had  their  education.  It  fuf- 
Id'.'d  much  foimerlv  In  tb.e  Culdrians,  whotctikitin 
154).  It  was  alio  taken  by  the  Spani;iids  in  ihiij,  but 
altei wards  i|iutted  by  them,  and  bettor  lortificii  b.  the 
tlates.  Thi.  ir  government  i.s  much  like  that  of  L'tret  hr, 
.nd  they  en|oy  almoli  the  fame  [uivd  gei.  They  li.  d 
lormerly  ,1  great  trade  in  bre.\ing  beer;  but  now  they 
fublilt  chielly  by  feeding  cattle,  and  by  hiilbandiy,  tlieie 
bring  good  ar.il)le  and  j  allure  .,ioi;nd  on  tlie  call  .i:id 
fmith  ;  but  on  the  well  and  north  tluie  is  nothing  bat  :i 
bairen  he.itli.  It  is  c:illed  Ai:  eis!.irder-lJi  ig,  or  tl  e 
hill  of  .\mersfor.i ;  and  isiix  miles  king,  .-'.nd  .ilmoll  as 
many  bro.id.  I'hcv  ha\e  plant.d  upon  :t  two  rows  of 
trees  from  .\mei--ford  till  witliin  li\  miles  ol    L'treclit. 

Jiill  upon  tlie  edge  of  this  lull  llands  .Soetfvke,  a 
pleafant  palace,  adonieii  with  line  g:iriiens,  ciiiois 
I'oiintains,  dclighlliil  w.ilks,  Ihaded  with  lolty  trees, 
[ileafant  park.s  filled  will:  dcir,  :i  lug'-  iniary,  exccivU 
ing  tine  I'.ibles,  i^'c. 

Khenenis  liiiiaied  on  the  Rhine,  a'.ioiit  7  miles. "!ii)\c 
\\\i  k-ie  Oveillede  to  the  ealt,  ly  from  Utrecht  to\uiids 
the  louih-eall,  ;ind  1  {  lioni  .\nieislojd  10  the  fouth. 
It  IS  an  ancient  town,  thought  10  be  the  (innn;--, 
nifiitioiieel  by  'i'acitus,  and  is  lurrounded  with  wall  and 
ballions.  On  tin  iKci^le  of  th,  church  is  a  very 
tine  clock,  with  a  iroll  barn. c., 11. , i:s  .-hinie  of  bells.  In 
ihe  fields  between  the  town.ind  L'tret  lit  arc  dug  nmlt 
of  the  turfs  that  llr\e  tlie  neigi'l-nniruig  country  with 
fuel. 

Monilorr,  the  chief  pku'c  of  .1  l.tde  d:llri..'t,  is  '1:11- 
.ited  on  the  little  Villi,  near  llie  burilc!  >  oflheproviike 
of  lio'iind,  10  inile,)  iliovi'  C^auda  to  tiie  ead,  iIa  lioni 
L'trn  1  1  towiirds  the  foiith-wetl,  and  but  three  iroiii 
Ouikwater  to  ti.e  f.uith-ealK  it  is  no:  a  large  tow  n, 
but  is  line,  mat,  .ml  pie'.ty  (hong;  it  was  bu, It  by 
a  bilbop  of  UtrcLl-,1  m  11  s'>.  -'s  a  tiuhvark  agiinll  the 
incurlioiis  ol  the  llollandirs. 


S  !•;  C  TIC) 


111. 


ioii'i  .1  Ihhw-,.'!  the  (even  proviines; 
laud  pe.ii  e  toncluded  betwiell 


C.7.;//;,(,  Pnfr.i!<,   l):lii.lhr.iif,  l\.;,  ^.'v.'v/.,    M.i>:>i.  ts, 
isi. '/ :l.r  /'(■■/■.',•  ''./'  tl'r  (  k::  .!  'l'r,i-.<u-.  >  ill  ,^■c'.' ' ■<•'. 

■"pHI-;  people  of  the  United  I'luvinces  may  be  di- 
\  ided  into  Ir.e  le.i.iiate  (  lalK.,.  I  ii  ',  ib.-'  nobk.s  ; 
fecond,  the  opulent  ok  u  luiUs  retir.d  l.otii  biilinefs  ; 
third,  the  men  liaiits  and  tia.ii-is;  i.i.irl:,  tb.c  I'e.imen  ; 
and  fifth,  the  boors,  or  ('(uii't!\  t'.niiKii.  O!  t'-e  bill 
ihereare  but  lew  in  I  lollan.i  and  /caland,  haung  ;iU 
moll  bicome  extinct  during  tf.e  loiiit  wars  wi.h  i-piin; 
but  in  the  other  p'OMiices  th.y  aie  numeious.  'i'hi  . 
pride  themfelves  upon  then  ra  ik,  aiul  imitate  lie 
manners  aiulilrelsot  the  1  reneh.  luonomy  a.d  ino- 
dciaiion  once  eliaiacterilal  the  leconl  claf;,  the  o|)ii- 
leiu  merchants;  but  of  late  they  have  been  tainted  with 
the  prolulion  aiul  liixur)-  of  their  niig!'.hours  of  Imme 
and  (iicat  Hiit.iin.  IT.e  11  en  hants  and  tradefnun  aio 
tolerably  ac  ute,  and,  in  ger.ei.il,  inienr  on  the  accumu- 
litior.  of  we;iltli.  The  iiuiiiners  aie  plain,  liiily,  and 
ill  m.inneied.  The  boors  av-  niolll\  in  lullrious  .uui 
dilii'eiii,  but  not  viry  iaboiioii  :  liiey  are,  upon  the 
w  lujic,  lumeU  and  fruual. 

All 


? 


/'4 


: 


Ii  .  >T    I'.l'ill,    V.  l'.'.,il 

Hii.i-.st.i.   1; I. 

i~  \.\  iu:lc.-  (lill.iiil 
II  L  iiC'-'hi  to«.n\U 
:,  .'.lui  -..a-  ilic  uli  al 
,  :i  i!i()\c  .lilt  by  t!  c 
1^  l?l,ici;  Irctiiitnil, 

I  was  a!i<"ii-nil .  i>  i 
III'  it.-  ..Kl  r..i:i':>  i- 

\mI1  t.iKc  r.iai  an 
ivat  llrcii.-ili,  ixi.ijT 
I  liL-  buiMiiifis, 
\  L'l y  neat.  'Mu-y 
in  li  IS  a  laii(;c  ami 
■i|ii  \l  to  ilioli'  <>r  tlic 
iv  r  lio.l,  uh<  IV  II'- 
ir  education.   It  I'ul- 

IP.S,    w|l<)  t<  Ilk   it    111 

iiaitis  ill  I  (ill-),  but 
t:cr  iDrtilkii  by  the 

kc  tliatol'  L'tn-Llif, 

.1  ;r.s.  They  l'.,a 
!-eer;    but  now  they 

■y  h-.ilbaiuliy,  tlieu: 
iiiui  on  the  eal'.  aikl 

le  IS  r;Othi;ij^  bjt  a 

,l.irder-15i  ig,  or  C,  e 

\jny:,  .•'•■kI  ahiiolt  as 

iijUi;!  .t  t'.^o   rows  ii\' 

^  miks  ol    Utreehl. 

II  liands  .Soetlyke,  a 
lie  uardens,  cnrunis 
d  with  lolty  trets, 
ir^je  aviary,  cxeeed- 

ah<nit  7  miles  rlime 
■dm  Uuceht  to\wirds 
isloid  to  the  ibiith. 
to  be  :he  (iniir,;-, 
lillded  NUth  wall  and 
e  ehurtli  is  a  \ery 
s  ehiiiie  ol' bells.  In 
Jtrcehc  ate  dug  molt 
mirill;;  coiiiiuy  with 

kt;K-di!lri.'l.  is  litu- 
jrdevs  ol'thcproviiKe 
I  to  tiie  tad,  I'lA  fiDin 
aiul  bii;  tiuee  Iidiu 
t  ii  tio:  a  larue  [own, 
Dili;;  It  was  buih  I'y 
bulwark  aL-anUi  the 


III. 

,   '.''./.'.'/;>,    M'lint,  ys, 
'nvi'ii-:>  ill  ;^ii:n,i!. 

ijviiues  may  In-  di- 
1  ii  ■',  ihj  nobks  ; 
.■tir,  d  l.oMi  bnlinrl,  ; 
liiwi:!;,  the  leainen  ; 
meii.  ()'  I'rc  liill 
/.ealaiul,  lia^ini^  al- 
illil  wars  w  idl  ^iniii ; 
c  iKiir,e;oi:s.  'i'hi  . 
k,  and  imitate  il  e 
I'Aonoiiu  a.ii  iiio- 
or.d  tIa^^^,  th.e  opu- 
;i\f  been  tainted  with 
iieigliboiirs  111'  l-iaiu  c 
ts  and  tradcliiu  11  aie 
;len'  on  the  aei  iiimi- 
aie  I  ia'ii,  fiiily,  aiul 
illl)  in  lullruHis  .liul 
liny  are,  iiimn  the 


Ancient  DrTCH  Dkksses. 

/ '  //ir    '/nil!  ,'/  I  /,///!/(■/// ///I-  //,///  /.'i7:i  '!  ft    (  r/////  I'/ '    ''/if/lih  )■'  nt    /.h'' ! . 

J  tf  -  A'/i/o  /■///  A'iA'ii' . 


Ancikni-  1)1  rcii  l)Hi;.ssKS 


/(■/    'Ay.ui/rO/  //I  //><    //,  ,/r  i(>  iC 
li  /t  I    ^  I  /  /,  /////// 


( ir/ut/ii'/t  ,i'n///' . 

///  /0,r. 


^\M 


n\  w 


,i\\ 


■  (iM 


i:UKOPE.j 

All  appctit 
th.iii  in  any  o 
rht\'  attdiipt 
iiliially  iinm.i 
\s  hi(  :i  tlic  g 
lays 

With  at'  il 
'I  lu)'vc  bi 

The  ilnTs  ' 
change  r.illiic 
ol  bo'li  IcM's 
coas  vwiiiou 
as  h  gh  as  i\v 
ivoic  lingiii.i 
ot  their  legs, 
kiln  s. 

Ti.cfi.  peu 
talm,  anJ  fe! 
hut   VI  he  n  til 

<;ll)W    iM'tltlll 

abi.u:  iiiein, 

iiotwiihlla.'ul 

They  arc,  h 

The)  arc  add 

fi  lends  they 

eel's  in  their  i 

fehes  arc  1. 

ever,  have  ! 

prover'.iiai  f 

inaii"^  hoiil'e 

\erril.      T!-i 

iiiarMc.      r 

fitiKal.     Th 

and  hcr!i<. 

really  in  lo\ 

voiiieii   fvt-n 

converre  pie 

to  ililMni'.m: 

from  the  III 

Diitc  h  IS  ea' 

pleafi.ic  1:111 

hiiinii'ity  ot 

torn  ot  drin 

general  11  fa, 

■winter  an  I 

fo  (Ivit  in  a 

ot  I  01  h  ll\e 

aiid  dai  t  aid 

M.iny  (if 

foiiic   li  i\'e 

reiiuii  kjh'e 

(^r.  titii,  ^ 

United  I'lii 

tr;an   and 

iliau-biKits 

horie,  al  ih 

■\\hiel-.  diiv~ 

1  he  laie  (i| 

is  lixid,  a! 

and  proviii 

of  exj  end 

ri:igv'  (il 

agrvUiuiU 

cl  ai^c  iii't 

thi-  di.    ■.Il 
hull   it   a 
ami  p'l'.Viie 
V.  ith  e'can 
r.ithir  ■  de 
hi',: ,  tli.ic 
f.i:;  .>u[  ol 
t>)  he  V.  ith 
rtuuii,   .Kid 
othd,   II 
Tier    i^  n 


KUROPF.j 


HOLLAND. 


8:^ 


All  apjH'iiiis  .xnA  pallinis  riiii  lower  ■■.nd  i-noli  r  hcic 
than  in  any  other  couiiiriis,  avarice  (.'xnijir.l.  V\'lH:n 
fliey  atii  iiipt  to.  fcvcnsjfi' an  injury,  thcii' iclfuineir.  is 
liliially  unmanly  ami  rava:e,  agncalilc  lo  thi-  o^i.nion 
uhiin  the  gixat  IJiyUcn  cnteitaincd  ot  tl-.i.ni,  wi.o 
(ays. 

With  an  ill  gr.uc  the  Diiti  h  th.ii- inil"  liii  I  ili ; 
'lhe>'vebuth  ill-natuie,  aiiJ  I'l  iiiainkis  io>). 


S  L  C  T  1  O  N     IV 


The  lircfs  ot  the  conunon  pen])li'  is  pla  n,  aiiii  thc\ 
chani^e  I'llliii.ns  as  rareK  as  the  Sianiaid:>.  The  lireN  ; 
ol  bo'li  lexes  13  iiulegaiu  1  that  ut'  the  nun  rontill^  of 
coas  \Mi!u)ut  lliape  or  plaits,  w  itli  loni;  p.ii  kct,-.  pLu'cti 
as  h  >;h  as  the  iil).s.  '1  he  ilitl":i  of  the  woin.-n  is  llili  ! 
n.oie  lingni.ir,  fir  tiieireoais  reacli  onlv  to  the  niid.ile 
ot  their  Icijs,  aiid  in  N'ortn-Hollaiul  nok)\ver  tl.an  tiieir 

kill  i  s.  I 

'1  i  eil  people  arc  patient,  lleaiiv,  wary,  eoveMiis, 
talni,  anJ  CeKioin  have  a  'y  iliiiVeiue  isiiii  ei  h  oll.er; 
hut  uhm  ihey  are  irviiarcii,  as  bil'ore  oMe:  \e.l,  t'.ey 
jitow  brutilli.  Many  of  ti.e  lower  clals  eai  r;.  knives  i 
abwi;:  ;nein,  with  whi;h  they  ll  il)  iheir  ainaj.oiiills, 
iiotwiihlhi!Hii;ij;  the  fcvere  laws  a^^uull  thi.s  practice.  1 
'l'he\  arc,  h  twever,  vciy  iiKl'ili:e;ic  to  ir.eir  eiiilJrcn, 
The)  are  a.idKted  to  Jrmk  :ii;,and  when  1  hey  treat  their 
fiiends  they  do  it  riinip:u,.|iK .  T;-ev  are  neat  to  ex- 
lefs  inthcirl'.ouf' 3  ami  lurniure,  and  the  Ilieets  tl.ciii- 
fehcs  are  kept  aitia/.inj:I\  .lean.  The  win;, 111,  low- 
ever,  have  hut  an  in.liliV'ent  (  ara^iei  ;  a;i>l  there  is  a 
provcr'.iial  f  vinj;;,  "  TJi  it  t!  i  diitie  !  tiiiii;  111  a  Duieh- 
inan',,  houle  is  !  i-  •.'.  lie,"  but  ihis  i  hara.tir  is  r.ot  uni- 
verdl.  1"!  I  pa\,M:cn;  ot'ti.e  eii.mbers  ,<  ;;iiu  rally  ni' 
niarlile.  I'lK-ir  genera!  mode  o!  iivuig  is  plain  a.ui 
tiiiL.al.  The  poorer  peoi^ie  iiveupon  lour  iiilik,  pulfe 
and  herbs,  h  is  iilieoniiuon  U)r  a:iv  ot  tlu'ui  to  I.e 
really  in  love,  or  c\.n  to  pretend  lo  it;  iiur  do  the 
women  fLcin  'oiaie  whe:i-ei  th.,  aie  or  n;!t.  People 
converfe  pierty  niiieh  upon  a  level  here  ;  nor  i;  it  ealy 
to  iiil!inj.',ui!h  the  man  trom  the  malKr,  or  ihe  maid 
fioin  the  mift  e(V.  The  piiiicipal  c;  >■.  iiRi.t  ot  ilie 
Dull  h  IS  eati"g  and  ilriukiiig,  tor  they  liave  no  ;J.ca  oi 
pleafi,re  uiii  oiiuei  led  w  it!i  li  .ilUil;^  aini  eaiou'.illj;.  I  he 
huiuiiiiiv  ot"  ihe  ail  d'Hilulels  ini  hue- thjui  to  the  tuf- 
tom  ot  drinkii'g  and  InioakiiiL'.  lob  icct>,  whi  ii  are  in 
general  lila,  e  tliroii.diout  the  i  ouiviy.  O.-.e  ol'  ilieir 
winter  an  ufements  is  Ik.iitr  ^v,  i.i  vvlueh  tln^  exeel,- 
fo  tint  in  a  hai.l  froll  it  i,.  allMnuliiii;.',  lo  iVe  ilie  >  lov.ds 
ot  I'olh  I'eM.i  that  pals  troiu  plai  e  to  plaee  upo.i  the  ice, 
and  dai  t  aloni;  w  ith  .'.nia/iiig  .^lo  r.y. 

Many  of  the  Dun  li  exeel  in  piiiuing  and  i  n;;ra\  mi:;, 
foiue  liive  1  eat  j;u.,nl  li.iiiuliu-,  and  a  te«  lii\e  been 
nniaikjble  Ku  their  wit  an!  ini;eiuiit.',  a^  Ir.ifnui-, 
(h"c  tiu-.,  ix  ".  '1  l,e  eomii.on  mOvle  of  travi  ilin.',  in  the 
Unite. 1  i'ro\  ilie,  •,  ami,  ii.'.K'd,  throujtt.out  th.-  Auf- 
trian  and  I  rem  li  Neilu.i  i  1:1  1 ;,  is  in  traJd^iMi!-,  or 
diau-hoats,  uliuh  are  lai;;.- eo-.eied  boa:-,  di.iun  In  a 
horie,  at  the  rate  ot  three  iiii'e.'i  an  hour,  the  Lire  ol 
vhith,  dots  no!  .imoinit  10  1.  on  than  a  pui  ".  a  mile. 
The  rate  ol  ihele  boal-,  and  alio  of  tlie  poll  wag;.',ons, 
IS  lixid,  and  you  aie  [)erniitted  to  laiiy  a  [  oilmanieau 
and  proviiion;,  lii  iha;  you  are  not  1111,'erilic  neeeility 
of  exj  eiuiii^g  .1:  ,  thing  ai  public  hciifes.  'Ihe  car- 
riage ot  the  111;'  ', 'ge  IS  not  fettled  b\  law,  tliereiorean 
agraiiunt  oui^;ln  to  Ik  m.i.le,  etlierw  lie  the  (!rn<'r  will 
«.lait;e  notwiiai  in  eouity  la  ihould,  but  aicouiing  to 
e,  ,'iul  tile  mom  y  mull  be  paid 
;  in  1  111  I  made.  At  the  inns 
anil  p'!;>ue  hnule-i  on  du-  1  a. I  a  jn  rfon  is  fure  to  meet 
villi  t't:in  liiun  ar.d  fol't  1  id.;  but  dieir  bc'.ilUads,  or 
r.ithir  I  aleiiis,  in  the  lide^  I'l  »l  e  ualls,  aie  pi.iced  lo 
111:':-,  tli.it  a  111,111  may  break  h;.  ne.  k  if  he  1  .ippeiis  to 
fail  out  of  lilt  in.  Iklide  ,  a  Ir.neller  m.ll  be  conieui 
to  lie  with  hall  a  do/en  pi.  pic  or  nunc  in  the  fnre 
room,  ,\nA  be  diHin!  e  1  .I'l  nii'.lu  k)ng  by  lomebiid)  ir 
othci,  il  a  ihuililli  kiiulloid  fli'ifcs  to  h,i\e  it  fo. 
Tl  i.r  is  n.)  iMpuiing  with  ii  Du;Ji  i:in-ke  per,  eiih.r 
-.,..:  t'  nekoiiiii^  or  ao;  other  ['atiitukii. 
-N  ).   ■,(). 


the  di .    '.tes  ot  li;\  a'v.ii;.' 
hiin   il   .1   picMoijs  lai;. 


Ri-liii.ii,    I..iiiiiU'7;jr,   (oupi/iilia/t,    Miliinry  and  A'.,';.;/ 
J>'ihnii-''il ,  Cjiiwutcc,  ('.nil,  Cr,-. 

'"!"' 1  i  !•'.  pr.\a.liiig  uligion  o(  the  United  Provinces 
-*•  is  t.'alviiiilm,  which  i.s  rnthr.iCi  d  by  the  bulk  of 
the  peoi'lc.  .Ml  other  fe.'ts,  however,  ol'thc  ref  .rmed 
relii'ioii,  are  toKiaied  and  p.ote^lid  here.  Ilie  Jews 
have  likcwifetli^  ii  l\  iiigogue,;  m  Amltcrdam  anil  Kot- 
ti-rdani.  Ihc  Konun  Cathohe  religion  was  e;eipted 
;it  the  lirll  elbiblilbiiieiit  ot  this  government  ,  but  tiic 
St:ites,at  lengtii.delirousotgivin,',  all  men  liberty  in  this 
poiiil,  now  fuHlr  the  publi.:  CMteiieof  th.it  religion. 
Indeed,  their  great  care  h;'s  long  been  to  favour  no 
pirtif'iilar  ini|uiliiion  into  the  faith  or  reli!;ious  prin- 
i  i|)ies  of  an\  pcaccabic,  good  fiiljee't,  whol,ve  under 
the  protection  of  then  l.uvs,  and  to  fuller  no  violence 
or  ep ;>relilor'i  to  be  oH'ered  to  any  man's  onfciencc, 
w'  en  11  s  opiuioiior  leuo.is  did  not  'nt'iferc  v.  itli,  or 
were  of  d,  coiifequiiuc  U:  the  civil  govirnment  ot  the 
Ikite. 

1  licCidvinid  clergy  arc,  in  general,  ihrnughout  this 
roiiniry,  .itiai  hed  to  tlie  tamily  ot  tlu-  jMinee  i;!  Orange. 
The  tlierch  goveinnunt  anion  ;ll  that  prevailing  lVi.t 
ll  .u  o'ding  to  the  difeipline  eliiblilhed  hy  the  grind 
l\iiijd  hcKi  at  Dort  in  161!).  i  lie  e':cL;iailicai  aifem- 
bl.e.'.  .ire  rompokd  ol  dn'I  rent  cfiM  s,  iaii  a^  v.e'  as 
I'eiL'.v,  to  whom  all  are  ab'j  led  ih.rir  rel]KViue 
iiir.et  oils. 

'1  l.eonly  I'ubordiiiatioii  among  tlie  i  lergy  in  Holl  ind 
\-,  th.ii  thi'  eonlilU.ries  are  l"ui)i':i!inated  to  ihc  dalles, 
and  tliefe  to  ll.e  i)ro\iiRi.d  h  iio.i  ,  t.ir  as  10  national 
fy  iio.ls,  there  have  been  no  le  liiire  ih.it  of  Dort,  men.. 
iioind  above. 

I'ie  Dutch  language  isadiale.T  of  cl'e  werm.in,  and 
has  a  harlli  found  ;  but  die  buter  jjrt  ot  people  fp.eak 
1  re  lie  h. 

ihe  cities  .itid  towns  of  tlie  United  Provincfsare 
little  ripublies  ot  iliiiiilelves,  whole  deputies,  witii 
the  nob  liiy,  compofe  the  ll.!t'..s  thereof;  ;ind  the  de- 
puties of  tlie  pn  vmces,  in  a  limilar  ni.iiitier,  compofe 
the  ll.iiis  geiiei.il.  L\ery  town,  or  provi  lee,  may  i'eial 
a,  ni;iny  i.iembeis  as  th.cy  [)leafe  to  the  fa  es-getieral  ; 
b;;t  all  belonging  lo  one  toiui,  or  pro\  inee,  have  but 
one  \oti-i.  i  and  no  refolition  taken  hy  tue  ftates-geaeial 
is  of  :iny  force  till  ratilied  l>y  the  llvtral  provin  \s.  In 
the  cities  and  towns  the  legill.iii.c  (.ouir  is  veiled  in 
the  fenates,  and  tlie  cxvcut  \c  in  tlie  Iniigo-iiialler-, 
fviidic,  ^:c.  The  ll.nes  ut  the  piovinccs,  except 
lloililld,  aie  filled  mhlc  anJ  mnb:y  t^ids.  'I'hi.fe  ;it 
I  ll  U.ind  are  called  n  ,!'!,■  •:iul  mil  iiii>^/jiy  !',rJ< ;  and  the 
till.- if  the  ILites-geiieral  's  l.\b  and  nii.d>l\  !':.!•,  or 
.'/',ir  l.\[J.>  iii!;^l<.'.'iiril;:<.  Iklides  the  Hates  g.f.^ral, 
tlieie  is  abb  a  council  of  Hate,  conliiling  of  Cecui  les 
t'om  the  feveral  provinces.  1  hey  aretw  elve  in  number, 
wiureof  I  loll  ind   fends   t.irec,    (fi  Ideilaiui  two,  /,ea- 

I  iiid  iiM>,  Urrtcht  two,  Iriell  iii.l  i  ne,  ( ireniiigeii  one, 
and  Over-^  llel  otic.  '1  heir  btilin,  ,s  ;-  toji.cp.ire  eUi- 
m.itci,  and  wavs  at^d  means  h  r  rtiling  the  revenue, 
a^  well  as  otlier  m-Uier<  liiat  ate  laid  b^tore  the  fl  iti:- 
l.uieral.  In  this  eon m  il  e\erv  deputy  j'reiidesa  week  by 
turns  ;  and  the  ll.ulti'older  has  .1  dei  ilive  voice  when  the 
vote.  Ii.i]  pen  to  be  e.|Ual.  '1  he  principal  aliaos  t!  ,11 
con  e  luiJer  iliiir  delilier ition  are  tt  ofe  rel.iting  to  ilie 
.1!  my  and  li'iani  '  ..  '1  lie  thufhnldir  is  alio  p''i:de,U 
of  the  ll.ite.  ill  every  proviii  e.  In::  itas  ri  feat  111  tii.- 
fhifcs-general.     One  dilfentiitg  voue  in  iiU  provincil 

II  ile>  picvents  thru  coming  lo  ;inv  lefohiiiuii.  I  nitu 
t"f  de.ith  I  I  W  illi.im  III.  piince  of  Orange,  and  knig 
ol  In  liiid,  there  had  been  no  IbuUlioKlei ,  at  Km  It  for 
ihe  I'l.v  liK  ,  >  ol  l-|ollaiid,  /eal.ii  d,  ai  d  \\  i  li  I  relland; 
but  ill.  le  alii),  in  1747,111  (11  the  f  lelli  h  bre.iking  into 
Dutch  I  l.mders,  m.iJe  ehoice  of  W  nliam -Chji  li-s- 
I  leiiry -1  illo,  piine  of  (V.ingc,  a,.  I  l.iilt.r  of  the 
p  el'eiii  lladilioliler,  Willi  nil  \.  1 1\  ll  idiholderlliip 
w.is  at  the  I  one  time  in.iile  hercditatv  to  hi  hcn.-j  mal. 

JO  .-V  ani 


;i:  111 


■i    ■'■!! 


U'l 


■1       -i 


Ji'i  •■■''•■■*'' 


y^o  A  Ni.W,  KOV.M, 

niui  iV".i'..'.lc,  pill-,  iditl  the  htlir  liiii  not  inariy  the  fon 
Ola  kin;;,  or  .i  jxipiU.  Tin-  ll.iiitholdri 's  pouii^anil 
ni\i('gativcs  aiv  vci\  i  (Mil'klfiablc :  in  particular,  he 
li'i-ins  ilircctly,  i^r  by  his  inHuencc,  to  have  tlu-  noipina- 
tioti  (it'ih;- niagillratc*,  ilcpiities,  ami  mod  of  the  of- 
iu  ITS,  n\  il  anil  nntitaiy.  In  lliorr,  though  he  has  not 
the  tule,  he  has  more  rial  ]Knver  anil  authority  than 
nianv  kings ;  I'or,  hiliik's  the  inllvicnce  and  rcvcnuo  he 
ilerivcs  liom  the  llailthoKierlliip,  he  has  levera!  prinei- 
lulitks  and  large  ellates  ol  his  Dun.  With  nl'pect  to 
the  adminiltration  of  |Ullice  in  this  eountrv,  e\ery  pro- 
vince has  Its  tribunal,  to  which,  except  in  criminal 
caufes,  appeals  lie  from  the  petty  and  country  courts; 
and  it  is  laid,  that  jullice  is  no  wh.ere  diltnbutcd  with 
more  impartiality. 

the  taxes  in  thefc  provinces,  cfpccially  in  Holland, 
are  manv  and  heavy.  The  ordinarv  revenues  ot'  the 
vcpuhl;c  are  computed  at  between  luoa  dthiee  millions 
llerlini;  .-:inua!ly.  Out  of  loo  guilders  the  province 
of  1  iolland  contributes  ^s,  and  conl'equenily  ab>i\e  one 
hall  Of  ilie  whole  public  expences.  lor  the  encourage- 
ment ot  trade,  the  duties  on  goods  and  merchandi/.e 
are  \  cr\  low  .  Notw  ithltanding  the  niimbei  .\tH\  grcat- 
Tiefs  of  the  taxes,  every  province  is  faid  to  labour  un- 
der vcrv  htaw  debts,  efpecially  Holland. 

With  relp.vt  to  theii  land  forres,  in  time  of  jicai  c 
thcv  feldoiii  exceeil  40,000,  and  very  often  fall  (hort  of 
that  number.  Iliev  employ  a  great  many  foreigners, 
efpecially  Swifs  and  Scots,  in  their  fervice  ,  and,  m 
time  of  \»,ir,  hire  whole  regiments  of  Cicrmans.  The 
cluef  command  ot  the  armv  is  veiled  m  the  lladiholder, 
under  wl\om  is  the  lield-marlhal-peneral  No  nation 
can  fit  out  a  more  liirmidabic  fleet  than  the  Dutch,  hav- 
ing alwavs  vatl  quantities  of  timber  pr.paied  for  build- 
ing lliips,  and  greit  numbers  of  (bip-caipcntrrs  and 
iiiari';e:s :  h.owevcr,  in  times  of  peace, ihev  ufually  have 
no  iTioie  than  jc  in  commitlloii,  for  the  prote^'tion  of 
their  trade  i;i  t'le  Mcducrranean,  and  to  convi  y  their 
homeward-bound  liulianu  n,  \"c. 

The  Dutch  I'att-India  couipany  have  had  the  mono- 
jx)lv  of  the  (nice  trade  confiderably  more  than  a  cen- 
tu; .  ;  hence  it  is  cm  of  the  moll  opulent  trading  com- 
panies in  tl.e  Miiseife.  Though  tlie  United  IVovinccs 
ot  ihemleivi.  ^  prcdin  e  very  few  things,  yet  •.II  ihe  (  onv 
moJities  and  j  roduet-,  of  the  globe  m;'y  be  pn. cured 
here,  'llie  Dut«  h  likew  ife  acijuire  great  riches  b\  their 
hvrring,  cod,  anil  nhale  lilhcries  ;  by  their  manufac- 
tuics  ul  linen,  pa[ier,  earthen-ware,  &:c.  and  by  lliisi- 
bu  Idinir.  Kvery  province  has  the  right  of  coinage, 
but  all  the  pieces  muU  be  of  a  limilar  intrinlic  value. 
The  lol'ow  ing  table  exhibits,  at  one  point  of  \  lew  ,  the 
value,  1:1  Knglilh  money,  of  the  Dutch  gold  and  lilver 
c  lin  : 


D  .AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  o--  UNTVTRSAI.  GEOCRAi'!  lY. 


t.    U     1.     D. 


S     1     1.     V    I. 


-,r-, 


Val. 


|/.      .    ./. 
-      -  I       -.   (> 


Value, 


Ihrei- guilder  piece 


lli'l-r'der   -o   1:  <)  lii^ix-dollar     - 
i>,uMc  ducat 
l.Vi  „•     -     - 


o   19   I 
0      y   (1 


I 


Twenty-eight  ftiver 

piece- 
Six  Itiver  pici  c     -     lO      di 
Fkccs  of  live  lli\er 

and  a  half    -     -  J  "      ^ 
Two  liiver  pieCL^,']  I 

eleven  of  w  hic  h    ;.  i      o 
t     make    -     -     -J 
Sti\erpieces,elcvcn    | 

of  which  make     I ' 


It  is  to  he  obferved,  that  the  fmallell  coin,  or  doit, 
is  worthabout  halt'a  farthing  ;  and  that  l-inglilh,  i'lench, 
and  Clcriuan  coin,  pal's  cum  lit  j-.eie  for  iheir  iiiini,ilic 
v'nlu'j. 


I  S  I'.  C  T  1  C)  N.     V. 

Dr/,rip:ir.!!  rf  //•,•  C.iin/v   (/    Diritshr,    r.r  Ihrm,  il, 
I        (iV«(  r,7.'//.'    LitihU ,    t'c.    ii:r.':i,lt\l   nuJrr   ihr   ///.',■  ,j 

I 

THE  county  of  Drcthe  is  bounded  (>n  the  fci;th  by 
Kentheim,   and    Owi-^'U'el ;    on    the    norli    bv 
■   (Jroningen;  on  the  well  b)  i'nefeland;  and  on  tl.e  eall 
I    bv  Munfler.     it  is  tolerably  leriile:  the  Hates   co;')!.' 
■    of  the  nol'l.  sand  freeholders  ;  the  alleml-lv  is  annu.il!'. 
,    held  at  .Mien,  but  no  deputies  are  lent  fioii>  thence  tii 
the  Ihite^-general.     .MTen,  the  capital,  i,   fiti'.ll,  will 
built,  and  the  fear  of  the  high  colleges  ;   and  Koesor- 
\\   den,  though  a  fin.ill  town,  is  llrongjy  f)rtilied. 
.1        The  (ieiieialite  Lamls  are  thofe  parts  ol  the  Netl.er- 
,'    lands th.U  appertain  to  tl.e  United  I  ro\  inces  m  general. 
'   Thj  hereilitarv  It.ulthojder  is  govt  rnor  ot  them  all.  '1  he 
j    high  tribunals  aie  held  .\t  the  I  lague,  MiddK  burg,  aiu' 
\'eulo;  aiiiltheelhablilhed  leligioii  is  C.il\  inifm.     i'hel'e 
!•   lands  conlilt  of  pait   of  the   duchies  of  lUabar.t    uid 
|i    I.imburg,  ol  the  uppei  quarter  of  (Jeldeilard,  an!  I'lrt: 
;;  ot  llandirs.      Ihe  principal  places  in  !5ra:\uv,  beloug- 
:'    ing  to  the  llai's,  are  ti'e  follow  ing  : 

Hois  le  Due  on  the  !>e(l,   20  miles  t'vin    I'lali,    Is 
llrong  by  nature  and  ait.      The  m.!;i  litv  it    I'r.e   1   ii.t- 
\\   bitants  are  Ivomaii  (.'ai'.-.olics.     The  town  loritain-   le- 
|i   \eial  thuri  hes,  mals-houfes,  a  citadel,  gvinnalium,  6i;c. 
il   The  nianufietures   are  linen,  woollen,  cutlerv  waic-', 
il   needles,  Cvc.     It  was  once  a  hiilioprie  j  and  thecailie- 
i|  dial,  which  is  now  in  the  hand.s  of  the  Prolellants,  is 
jl  one  of  the  mclf  inagnilicent  in  the  NetheiLiuds.   Heioic 
]:   the  Reformation  there  were    i6    mona'deiies  of  both 
fexes  here.      In  the  dillnct   to  w  hich  the  iom  n  gi\es 
name  are  the  towns   of  ()llerw\k,    Tilborg,    ISoMel, 
I-.inhoven,  (Irifchot,  Helmond,  ()s,  Crave,  .indRive- 
ilein.     The  (irave  is  llmngl)  fonilied,  and  belongs  to 
'he  prince  of  Orange,  who   is  alio  jirojirietor  ul  the 
barony  ot  Kuik,  and.  other  ellates  in  the  dillri^t.     K.i- 
vettcin,  with  the  lordllup  to  which  it  gives  nanic,  arc 
held  as  liefs  of  the  llates-geneial,  by  the  elector  pala- 
tine; and  Helmond   is  the   propertv  ol' the   houfe  of 
Artmberg.      In  the  fame  dilliict  is  alfo  a  loidll.ip  be- 
longing to  the    leiuonic  ordei',  and  tw«  rich  coments, 
I   which,  by  the  indulgence  ol  the  tlate.s,  are  fullered  to 
!   lemain  and  enioy  iheirancien:  revenues. 

liieda,  lituated  at  the  coiitlux  of  the  Miuk   and  the 

I  Aa,  which,  after  their  lunction,  are  navig.ible  frcni 
hence  to  the  (luman  Ocean,   14  milesfrom  Dori  ro  the 

|!  fouth,  ^omilesfrom  Hois  le  Due  to  the  well,  and  1^ 
'!  from  Antwerp  to  the  north-eall,  is  |)retiy  \»ell  Iniik 
''  and  firtifu'!,  and  a  part  of  the  adjacent  ii)untry  niay 
|;  be  laid  undir  water.  1  leie  are  leveral  fquares,  one  of 
h  whiLh  :^  ileiightfu'h  planted  with  trees,  a.ad  adorned 
'1  with  a  ino.ited  I  illle,  and  I'everal  cl.urches,  but  the 
;  trade  and  m;unilai'bires  of  th.e  toan  arc  gri.aily  de- 
ll cjintd.  'Ihe  llaies  have  been  pollellLd  of  it  ever  linee 
Ij  the  •  ear  I'l  j-.  Here  king  (.'hirles  II.  reli  led  a  lliori 
J  timtbel'oie  he  fet  oi:t,  when  invited  by  his  fubjcts  to 

II  take  potl'ellion  of  in,  kingviom?,  and  fnun  hence  wa* 
||  d.iii.d  hi.^  I'unous  dcclaiation.  Here  alfo,  in  \dU<},  the 
Ii  l.uiaiiis  treafy  of  peace  was  eoneluded  between  the  faij 
'I  king  C'liaihs,  l.(wisXIV.  of  I'rante,  and  the  llates- 
ll  gineral,  under  the  mediatuin  ot  the  king  of  S-edcn. 

1  'Ihe  neigjibourhood  ot  the  town  is  \eiy  plealant . 
among  oihi'r  agreeable  objeiis  are  lever, d  woods,  of 
whiih  one  is  cut  out  into  beauiilul  walkiand  \dlas. 
'Ihe  town  g'iv  I  .  n  ime  to  ,1  baionv ,  wlueli  contains  iS 
little  tow  ns  and  \lllage^,  the  piimipal  ol  wlueh  are 
Wilbamlladt  and  Steeabergen,  whu.haie  b.iih  ivell  loi- 
tified  and  •'.arnl'oned. 

Hi  rgen-op./ooin  is  not  loc.illid  liom  its  bcng  iitu  • 
ated   jii  the   river  /ooin,    as  there   is  no   lui  h   river. 

;  Thole  who  have  been  of  that  oj)iniiin  have  taken  for  a 
river  a  canal  that  runs  through  tin  ,  .;iv,  aiul  wa-,  made 

I  fi  r  the  convcnii  ncy  of  hriiigin;;  ii'.io  ii;e  town   boatj 

j  laden  withtuit-,  w  hich  fciv..- loi  fuel  f>  thcinhabit.mti. 

]  i  But 


•  uRori'.] 

J'ut  Zoom,   I 
border,  and 
Hands,  hei  aul 
ing  bulk  on  a 
It  wa:  Inini  \\ 

I  lill  on  the  V 
werp  to  tl'ic  r 
it  11  in\K  111  il 
vl;o  lortilied 
w  as  leckone.l 
Antwerp  tl'.e; 

II  ndsas  lar  as 
iu:(>  the  |iot.' 
with  batt.Tie- 
T  here  i.'-  a  en 
plies  of  lULii 
out  being  pri 
li)  tile  le.i  t 
I  aniu):i,  aiul 
lb  ke  or  I  .ml 
alio  feveial  li 
irencliments 
anil  oitc.i  ovi 
dillicult.  It 
pretty  near  t 
b\  means  ol  1 
,uid  detendci 
here  .lie  w  ill 
liliil.  The 
(,f  ar.-l'.it-cti 
\. Ill: '-id  o% er 
I'ee'.n'.v- 

\i','.ellli<h 
irilii  s  biloiii 
tioiii  1  .lege, ; 
to    whom    It 
.ler,  are   fo\ 
l.iege,  as  ha 
of  Hr,ib,iir. 
snd  cSiUi  he: 
garrilon    is  1 
tonlills  part 
iholics,  ;u'.d 
of  I. lege, 
yontal  qu.iii 
in  time  of  w 
and  v.iluablt 
w:t!i   fi.u 
_5c:)j  liouli.s 
iilo!?.       The 
Il  hrul  here, 
hvl-.e  Hate- 

lllUOIUl    01 

hoiile-,   Wit 

In  the  pa 

the  lla;e^ 

V.likel.lu 

ll.iniU  on  li 
pl.H  e.  Is  til 
Mlege  it 

In  the  I., 
llates-ger.i  ) 

Venli)  h., 
I'ows,  w  hie 
il.inds  on  t 
t.in:  liom  ( 
to  the  noil  I 
laij^Cj  havi 


R\i'!lY. 


'Jrr  ibr 


Ihi-m,  ![, 


'J 


III  I'M  the  fouili  liy 

on     \hc      IT)!';!)      I). 

ui  ;   -M^A  111)  ti.^-  c.lli 

thf  Ihitfs   ((cMi.' 

flViii'  1\  i;  ;ii)Mii.il!) 

CDt  j'loii-  tllfiU'C  !() 

t.il,  i,   Ciii;!!,  Will 
m's  ;    ;)iiil   ko^s .ir- 

lart^  oi  tliL"  Nf'.licr- 
ro\  iiici's  ill  gcDtra!. 
Hi  1  thin)  ;ill.  '1  In- 
L',  \lii!d!i  bupfi;,  arul 
.  C'.iK  iiiifm.  I'lu-I'o 
)iL's  (it  lir.ibart  ::;i.l 
icliU'iIai'il,  p.n.I  ['.irn 


in  !5ra'\iir 


■"'■»>i- 


li'lS 


1)  licih,  is 
■;■  ri'.y  it  lI.l'  i  'iK'.- 
c  town  ..oiirain.^  Ic- 
1rl,i',M)inaliiii)),iicc. 
illci),  tiitlcry  \\,nc-', 
jiiL- ;  nnJ  tl'.r  calliL- 
thc  I'loudants,  is 
N'LlliL'ilainh.  lii'ioir 
IlOJ^llfl'l  ic.^    of   liotll 

hid)  the  io'.i  I)  i^ivcs 
,  Till'orjj,  Iii).\i(.i» 
;,  Clravc,  aiiil  K.i\c  ■ 
lii'tt,  and  hcii)np;s  to 
(I  jiiopnctor  ol  tin 
in  the  dillritt.  K.i- 
)  it  j-jivps  naiiic,  arc 
hy  the  clcclor  |i;ila- 
rtv  ol  tlic  hoiifc  ot 
i  .ilfo  .1  lordlliip  be- 
ll t\v«  rith  convent'-', 
latcs,  aic  rullcri.d  to 

fDUCS. 

f  the  Meik  and  the 
are  navi^;.ible  Ironi 
lili >.fioni  Doit  to  the 
to  the  uell,  and  a^ 
is  pntiv  well  built 
ijacent  loiintry  niay 
M-ral  Iquares,  one  ot' 
trees,  and  adorned 
«  I'.uu  hes ,  but  the 
oan  are  gri.atly  di- 
lelllJ  of  it  e\er  litii  e 
s  II.  i-eli  led  a  (liori 
id  bv  hi.s  fiibje.  is  to 
aiivl  tioni  heiiec  \\i\% 
re  alio,  in  i('in),  the 
lied  between  the  I'aiJ 
111  e,  and  the  llatcs- 
l".e  1m  11;;  ol  S  '  edcn. 
n  i>  \eiy  ])!eari;if . 
le  IcMial  uood^,  ot 
III!  walki  and  \  ilias. 
\ ,  which  contaJnii  iS 
Diipal  ol  whii.li  are 
III)  aic  b.idi  iSLil  toi- 

li  froii)  its  be.ng  l"itu- 
c  is  no  liieli  river, 
lion  have  l.ikeii  for  a 
;  my,  and  w.i-,  made 
nio  ilic  town  bo.iti 
:e!  f,>'hciii!iabit.i!iti. 
1  iiuc 


1  loD)  thi-  eity 
11   planted   with 
the 


MMiOI'l  .] 

J'lit  Zoiun,  111  Dill  ill,  lij^nifics  a  feam,  an  hem,  or  a 
border,  and  was  j^iven  to  the  country  where  this  i  ity 
Hands,  bei  atile  it  borders  upon  the  (la  :  and  tl'c  <  ity  be- 
iiij^  buili  on  an  lull,  e.iUed,  m  Dutch,  Uerge,  or  I!iri';eii, 
It  w.is  Inini  thenec  railed  b'er)^eii-iip-/o('iii,  i,  e.  "  I  he 
1  lill  on  tie  iJorder."  it  is  1 1;  miles  dilhint  tiom  Ant- 
vierpto  tl.'  iiort'i,  and  i  'from  liied  i  towards  th.e  well. 
It  Is  one  ')!  the  llionpell  places  beloii^mj.;  to  the  iJiiti  h, 
vl'.o  tortilied  it  lb  ih'oilgly  in  the  year  l():y,  that  it 
\*as  leekone.l  alnioll  ini|iiegnable.  On  the  tide  towards 
Antuerpl'iey  have  built  a  lar^e  hall- moon,  whicii  ex- 
it nds  as  lar  a- the  tort  called  Ky  k-in-dr- Pot,i.  c.  "  Look 
iiKo  the  pot."  'I'hat  lort  isdeleiidcd  by  tour  redoubts, 
with  batteries  pl.inieil  V,  ith  ureat  j^uns  on  e\ery  tide. 
'there  i.--  a  canal  Iroin  t!;;-  i'ea  to  thi:,  city,  bv  which  lap- 
plies  ot  men  and  amiiuinition  can  be  brought  in,  witli- 
out  heinj;  prev elite. I  b;.  the  believers, 
to  tlie  le.i  there  aie  eleven  tons  wi 
I  aniion,  aiivl  many  ledoubts  a:vl  palilaiiois  alon<r 
ilvk.'oi  i.niteway.  Towards  Suenbtrgen  there  arc 
ilto  li  veial  lortilications,  with  many  redoubts  and  in- 
ireiu  liiiients ;  and  as  the  country  about  it  is  marlliy, 
.mil  oiti.)  overflowed,  the  appioaches  to  it  are  very 
dillii  ult.  It  IS  reckoned  a  lea-port  tow  n,  liecaufc  it  is 
pretty  near  the  lea,  with  whicli  it  lias  a  con  munication 
by  me.insol  the  liver  .Scheld.  Its  harbour  is  very  line, 
,r,id  deknded  on  both  'ides  by  llioiif;  torts.  'I'hc  lioulcs 
here  aie  Will  built,  and  the  Cquair  lai'i;e  and  beau- 
iil'.d.  The  church  ot  .St.  (iertrude  is  a  noble  piece 
(;t  arrliit.i  tiire;  its  roof  being  but  one  (in'.de  arch 
v.iu!'-cd  over.  '1  he  palace  o[' the  maiijuis  is  alio  worth 
i'ee.iijv. 

\i,'.elhi<  ht,  on  tl;e  Maes,  is  one  of  the  nro!i'];cll  f'or- 
irelKs  bilonj..ilig  to  tiie  republic,  llandint;  l .;  miles 
tionv  i.ieye,  ami  4S  tiom  JjiullMs.  'the  lljtes.<;eneral, 
to  whom  It  was  vielded  up  b\  the  tieat\'  of  Miin- 
der,  are  loveieigns  ot  it,  |oinily  wnh  the  l)ilhop  of 
l.ie^e,  as  liavinf,  fiici  ceded  to  the  nights  ot  the  dukes 
of  braban'.  There  are  many  popith  convents  in  it, 
end  ciiurihc  l>elon};ing  to  dilierent  llvts;  and  a  tVrong 
garriloi)  is  maintained  by  tlic  l\ates.  I  he  mMgilhacy 
conliils  partly  of  Calvinil's  and  partly  of  Roman  Ca- 
tholics, ai'.d  the  latter  mull  be  natives  ol  the  bilhiipnc 
of  l.iege.  In  a  hill  in  the  neij;libourhooii  is  a  l)ori- 
■/oiiial  quarry  lull  ot  Ion;;  wind.ng  pali'aues,  in  which, 
in  time  of  war,  th.e  eoiiiury  piople  teetire  their  cattle 
and  v.iluabli  elleets  ;  .;.o,ooo  men  miglit  lodge  in  it 
Willi  <.''cat  loiivenience.  The  town  contains  atiout 
5c:!j  lioulis,  and  i,{,oco  inhabitants,  betides  the  gar- 
iiloi!.  1  hcie  is  a  C  alvmid  gymnafiiim  and  graminai- 
li  hi  ul  here,  ilie  mailers  and  protclibrsof  w  hich  are  paid 
bv '!\' Hates  ;  a  large  college,  a  coiiunandeiy  of  the 
'tiiiioiui  order,  a  llately  town-houle 
lioiili'.-,  w;ih  other  public  buildings. 

In  the  part  of  the  duchy  of  Liiilbur 
the  l1ate>-g;'ncial,  are, 

Valkeiiburg,  the  falcon's  iVIountain,  or  Caflle,  which 
ll.inds  on  the  river  (leul,  and,  thoufli  but  afmall  open 
pluce,  IS  the  capital  of  a  county.  Iiy  a  particular  pii- 
Mle_-e  it  ;s  exempted  liom  all  taxes- 

In  the  upper  part  of  (lelderland,  Iki  m^^ing  to  the 
ilares-f;eiieral,  aie  the  follow ing  pl;u  cs: 

Vealo  li.es  Its  name  from  its  lituatioii  anong  low  mea- 
dows, which  ii  t;;e  meaning  of  its  nam.'  ';i  Dutch.  It 
i'.inds  on  the  right  Ivink  o!  the  Maes,  levcn  miles  dif- 
i.m!  Iroiu  (ieldcr  to  tiie  (outli,  and  '.-7  from  Ruremonde 
III  the  north.  This  i  ity  is  of  a  tquare  form,  and  pretty 
lai;j,c,  having  two  lliuarei ;    the  town  houfe  (lands  in 


11    O     I.     I,    A     N     D, 


231 


and  governor's 
,   belonging  to 


one,  where  they  alio  keep  a  ir,arkct  three  times  a 
week;  the  other  is  the  [jarade,  and  place  of  arms. 
[lere  arc  between  S  and  900  houfes,  and  about  4000 
inhabiraiits,  moll  of  whom  aie  Roman  Catholics,  who 
cii|()y  the  free  lAcrcife  of  their  religion.  They  have 
but  one  parochial  (  hureh,  and  fcveral  convents.  Tl.c 
Dutch  Prolellaiits  have  a  pretty  church  here;  and  this 
is  the  only  frontier  town  where  there  is  no  I'VencW  mi- 
iiiller. 

'I'lic  houfes  are  verv  indiileient,  and  the  inhabitants 
generally  to  poof,  that  they  let  their  houfes  tall  to 
ruin,  'ihe  magithacy  is  compofed  of  a  fchout,  abur- 
gomadei ,  (even  fclieejiens,  three  counfellors,  and  twi» 
lecretaries.  The  burgonialler  is  changed  annually  by 
the  Hates-general,  and  choleii  among  the  fcheepcns, 
troni  a  nomination  of  three  prefented  to  them  by  the 
counfellors. 

Stevenfwecrt  is  a  flrong  fortrcfs  with  fevcn  baflions. 
k  Hands  in  an  itland  of  the  M^es,  near  the  borders  of 
the  duchy  of  Clevcs,  and  the  bilhopric  of  Licgc,  three 
miles  below  Maefyck,  and  nine  above  Riircmonde.  In 
the  year  16(3,  after  the  death  of  the  infanta  IfabcUa, 
the  roarquis  of  Aitove,  whom  Philip  IV.  king  ot 
Spain  had  appointed  governor  of  the  Low  Countries, 
till  he  could  pitch  upon  a  more  proper  pcrfon,  caufed 
this  fortrcfs  to  be  built;  and  m  order  to  obftruifl  the 
trade  ol  the  Dutch  up  and  down  the  Maes,  he  caufed 
a  biidgeof  boats  to  be  made  here,  the  head  of  which 
he  foi  !:ied. 

The  principal  places  belonging  to  the  flates-gcneral 
in  llanders  arc  the  following: 

Sluys,  on  the  (iermaii  Ucian,  the  harbour  of  which 
is  now  almoll  choaked  up.  The  I'ortilications  arc  re- 
markably fining,  but  the  air  is  (b  bad  that  th.e  garrifon 
mull  be  changed  every  year.  .Ml  the  other  Dutch  go- 
vernors in  llanders  are  fubordinate  to  the  governor  of 
this  town. 

Hulfl  is  a  flrong  fortilicd  town,  (ituared  in  a  fruitful 
plain,  w'liic  h  may  lie  laid  under  water.  The  commodity 
it  chieMv  deals  in  is  corn,  having  a  canal,  or  harbour, 
which  communicate i  with  the  VVell-Scheld.  The  forts 
and  lines  by  which  it  is  fiirrounded  render  the  ap- 
proaehes  to  it  very  diflicuit;  but  the  air  is  but 
inditfeient,  and  mofl  of  the  inhabitants  arc  I'aiiills. 
It  gives  nime  to  a  bailiage,  which  is  of  eonfidcrablc 
extent. 

Sas  van  Cihent  is  a  fmall  but  llrong  town,  on  a  bay 
of  the  Wcll-Scheld.  Its  name  tignifies  the  Sluice  of 
(ihent;  for  the  inhabitants  having  dug  a  canal  from 
hence  to  that  city  creded  a  fluire  here  tiur  keeping  up 
the  w  atcrs.  About  a  mile  from  the  town  is  a  fort  called 
St.  Anthony's,  which  was  built  for  the  defence  of  the 
Hull  e. 

I'hilippine  is  i  fmall  but  well  fortified  town,  on  tlic 
wellern.'rm  of  the  .Scheld,  called  Hrackman-water.  It 
had  its  name  from  i'luliji  II.  king  of  Spain,  ■■'locaufed 
it  to  be  built. 

In  this  part  of  Flanders  is  the  illand  of  Kadfand,  or 
Catfand,  which,  ai  well  as  many  other  places  whofc 
names  begin  with  Cat,  is  fuppofed  to  have  been  lb  called 
from  the  Catti,  who  lormerly  inhabited  part  of  the  Ne- 
therlands. It  liesover-againll  Slu\s,  and  is  very  fertile. 
I  o  defend  it  againli  the  ("ea,  to  which  it  is  much  e\- 
pofed  111  (lormy  weather,  llroiu; dykes  have  bcenereCted, 
and  are  kept  in  ie[)air  at  a  vaft  expence. 

Thehifloryof  the  United  Provinces  will  be  included 
in  that  of  the  Netherlands  in  general.. 


■A 


CHAP. 


m 


"liff 


(     8j:     ) 

«. 

C     H     A     r         XII.  It 

Austrian  Flaxders,  or  the  Ausirian  Netiierl.wd.s. 


Tins  poximc  of  thf  Nct'u'il.itvls,  boiiiulciJ  on 
tiic  ninth  hy  thf  Uiiiti-il  l'.-(i\iiHc,  on  tiic  fill 
hv  Gfiinain',  on  the  Ibuth  liv  fcvcr.il  p:i:ts  of  France, 
and  on  the  «c(l  liy  the  Cniiii.in  oeean,  is  (  o  miles  long 
.ind  ;o  broiJ. 

The  le\etal  ilillind  dillri:t.s  are  a-  follov  : 
I3r\bant  is  boun  !e.l  on  the  north  bv  tb.e  United 
I'uninics  J  on  tlic  loiith  hy  Heiineg\n  ani.1  N.iiiiui  ; 
on  the  «el\  bv  I'l.mJers,  prop.'ilv  I'o  iMlieii  ;  a.iil  on 
the  call  bv  Lieie  The  .iir  is  {r<icnl,  anJ  the  foil  fn)i  - 
t.;l.  It  i5  v.a\re;l  by  I'eveial  ri\ers,  the  eliict  of  whieh 
i-s  the  Dcni.r,  or  Rupel.  Tr.eic  are  two  fwie  canals 
in  it,  one  of  vihich joins  t'.ic  Scnne  aiul  the  Kiipeli  the 
other  runs  I'roni  Loiivam  to  the  Kiipel.  Between  I.ou- 
v.iinaui  Hriiliels  is  a  line  lion  ■  cauftuav,  aiiii  a.iother 
reaching  from  I.o.ivain  to  I'hi' nen  and  1  ie!j,e.  The 
ibutheni  part,  calleJ  W.illooii-lJr.ib  mt,  is  inountun- 
oiis,  but  not  unfriii;;ul.  la  Aiillii.in  Hr.ibaiU  .ire  reck- 
oned 1 1)  walled  towns,  belides  a  i;ieat  maiu'  b.iroii.-hs 
a;:d  Milages.  'I'hc  itaies  of  lie  province  cMUilt  i.'f  tb.e 
clerg\ ,  iiobilit;.',  .'.nd  reprefcnta'.ncs  of  the  chiit  towns. 
'1  iicle  lla'e  nee:  tour  tim>  s  a  \ear  at  Brulfcls,  In 
ihe:r.,  and  ihe  m.  eroy,  the  leginui\c  po.ver,  and  t'.uit 
c,\  le.'.ing  money,  isscl'ted;  but  the  whole  alieml-iy 
nii:ll  lij  unaiiimoiis  in  palling  an  ,u:.  Tl'.cv  .ipponu  a 
kir.doi  coiuiiiittee,  of  two  ilervi\men  and  t  ao  noblj- 
iiicn,  tv)  nice-,  da  1_\  during  their  rccels.  'Incie  are  lour 
hereditar)  ollicer-.  of  llate  fortius  prmincc,  \  i/..  the  fe- 
luiVhal,  r!-.c  cl-.anibeilain,  the  mar.lal,  .ir.dthe  guidon  : 
belides  wli;ch  there  arc  alfoa  great  huiilfman,  a  great 
t.ilconcr,  a  great  forellcr,  a  chief  r.illkC  in  eyre,  and  a 
mailer  o(  the  wolf-hunters.  The  l.i;^',h  council  of  Hra- 
lianr,  wh.ch  is  divided  into  two  (hanil)ei>,  or  courts, 
ii  chieHy  hc'ii  at  MeCidin,  where  moll  ot  the  pro- 
vinci.il  caufes  are  tried.  Tie  iloman  Catholic  is  the 
only  ie;igi..n  ot  tnis  couatrv  ;  and  the  nuniler  a, id  opu- 
lence ot  the  cccieliarti.'s  i^  vcr.gr. ,it.  At  Mechlin 
is  the  f-e  iif  an  ai'chbiihoj),  to  n  horn  ,\re  fulvect  the 
l^rclatLS  i(  Aniwerp,  Ghent,  iiris  le  Due,  Drugi.s, 
^p;e>,and  l^.lrl.monde.  In  the  ar.  hbilliop  are  14  col- 
legiate churi- Iicn,  an.l  :d  j  cioilieis.  '1'm1>,  \»  ith  iii,in\' 
o'.f.er  counnics,  <  air.e  to  the  houfe  of  .\flliia  b)  the 
mairnge  ot  M.ii  a,  li  .tighter  of  t'luirics  the  Hold, 
duke  (ii  Biirgui.d;,,  with  Maxmiii.an,  archduke  ot' 
\u:lra.  'I'ne  principal  inan.ila.  t.iri.,  .ue  laun  ,  cam- 
b:■l':^,   .ind  ,ap  \\-:. 

'I  Ik-  Walloon  l.ingu;i'/e,  which  i^  Qiokcn  heir,  is  a 
miviu.e  of  (iernian,  irench,  and  .Spanlli.  I  he  arms 
of  tliedci  h)  a:e  a  I. ion.  Or  ;  in  a  field,  Sab!e.  Au- 
flrian  Br.i'oaiu  1,  diMilol  into  I'euTal  tiujriei ..  In  the 
ti'iail.rol    i_.iiu\.un  l,ie  |irin<  ipal  places  a;e, 

l.ii;i\,\in  iMi  the  l))u-,  I  j  nnies  laii  ot  I'mflel-, 
tnrmeriy  the  i  .ijiii.d  oi  the  duci.y  ;  bur  ,it  pi\  i  iit  Bi  ul- 
f  Is  is  conlidercd  ai  Inch.  l,ou\,iin  11  a  [.l.ii  cot  great 
anri'i'iit ,  ,  having  been  l.ainiled  bv  ihei'np  rorAlnul- 
prs.ua  I  I.e.  k  ag.nnll  the  Notmar.s.  I  nr  ii;ipeie,r 
(  liri  \,  ua- vdu  .red  in  the  c  aiil-,  wliirh  hmg  con- 
tic'i.,]  .he  reliihii  e  o!  the  ihikes  o|  lir.ib.in:.  M.iiiy 
iiinir.b!-;  -  if  t'.;■llau^  have  iKeii  kept  in  ii.  'Ihe 
C  inc  I-  1;  11  I  iiiillcrs  ;\rc  veiv  n  nir,  I'v;;  and  fine,  bith 
w  :l.;n.i!id  wi  ho  ,t  ilu  ti.'.\  n.  uhnhi  \i,'.  lu.'c,  but 
n  It  pi  1  u'.o.;-.  ;  i  r  I'ni'if  ,ii.'  main  ihi  1  lo.\  ^,  \  ine\  in  Is, 
r.'a'd-.-n.,  an  1  or  li.ird-,  w;thm  il.i  '-a'!..  I  he  ll.idt- 
hi.;iA  .  lultl.e  <  hull  h  ot  M.  Piut  are  \ei;.  b.  n  nfiil.  In 
tlie  i.j.h  I  u.tiiry  the  manul'i  iu;r  ot  .mxiHiii  (  fiths  ua~ 
I'o  ;;;  I  ,1' lu  rr,  t!'..it  iheie  wi  r.- s.ill  nuin'.Hi  -  01  wo  leii 
drr  1'-,  and  many  ti.ouland  n|  ui.ivei  ,  in  l!  e  cil). 
V.  .  .   1  thtv  \'. ent  I, 'Oil!  thi-ii  uoi  k,a  gre  it  b.il  w    s  rung 

luM  e';il.iien 


t  .  '  !■■  ■   n   ri.-e  to  tie  in  '!:;'■  -   '  1    In. 

V.  hi",  diH,'r>,   IcIl  tl;   \    r..i;.,ld  1)  :  ti.iinj)kd. 


bv  that  crowd  of  workmen  ;  but,  in  proeefs  of  t'nv, 
tic  ioiirneymeii  weavers,  and  oih  ri  a  'cIim  11,  revolt  1, 
took  lip  arms,  ilitcw  fe\ei.d  ot  th  1;  m  igi''r  ites  out  1  t 
the  windiws  of  the  tO'.Mihonle,  ;i  d  i.ul  '  aiVc  all 
Br.ibanr  :  at  kill,  however,  they  wir-  inbd  .u,  Ibiv.  ■ 
()!'  their  ringle.id.Ts  e\ecute  I,  and  n 'f;  ot  .eodiei, 
bani'ed.  Ot  ilicfe,  nun.'  letre.l  to  I  igkiivl,  nil 
veickindlv  received  Thetr.idcof  I.oiivain  has  evi  r 
lince  bien  upon  thede  1  ne,  an  1  a'  pr-.  Vr  1;  1:1  on.i- 
d.  rable,  con.ilt.ng  cli' Hv  in  ihecMtlicni  beu  uh.ch 
IS  brewed  there, of  which  rot  qianri'  es  are  lent  tolho 
neighbour. ng  cit  11  ^,  (fp'C...  <  >  IvulieU.  W  ih  a 
view  to  rellore  ths  ctv  tM's  10:  nv  I  1  're,  an  'inucr- 
lity  was  founded  in  it  in  nz(>,  he  I.>'.n  \\.  d  e  "f 
l>r.'.bint,  which  enjovs  greit  privi'.ges,  .^i  n  ed  to  it 
b.itli  by  the  popis  an  I  li  ikes.  l':'.e;eare  .1  ve  aO 
colleges;  ,",nd  in  t.e  hall,  w  eic  th.e  pi.blic  e\..r  fs 
are  peitbrmed,  are  three  IpiiiiUis-  rooms,  wh  reUi. - 
tines  a;e  r.  ad  c\irv  morr.ing  in  ^■i>!n!:^,  l.iw,  a;  li 
phvti. ,  to  v.  hieh  thefcholirs,  iieer.  ci.lhg,-,  nay 
rclort.  Ihe  Hull  indcrs  lire  .1  college  her-  tor  their 
Ivoiran  Catholic,  the  I  n|.',l.ih  ore  of  .Aiigiill  n-  monk--, 
aiui  the  Ir.lli  one  of  Doiinn  cms,  and  another  of  ne- 
collecl-.  'iogive  111!  oi.r  nement  to  learning,  p '| '.' 
Sixtus  IV.  granted  10  tlie  >i  i>e  .ity,  A.  I).  14S  j,  the 
[in  \i  lege  of  piefentation  to  .il'  ihe  liv  ngs  in  t'e  Neher- 
laiids.  'l"hcc!i;iri  h,  which  bihinm-dtn  the  :cfiiit's  con- 
vent, is  admired  for  tlethganci  of  it^  ai  ticl'.ccti.r.-. 
'Ihc  convent  for  JMiglilli  lailus  is  \irv  c.i.  a' ioi!>  an.a 
elegiiit,  ;ind  moie  richly  enilow  cd  than  any  other  m 
the  Low  I'ounfii  s.  The  bcri'lurs  of  l.oiivam  boiit 
that  their  citv  wa^  never  taken  n-  lor.e.  in  171c, 
indeed,  the  I'rciu  h  enteud  u  by  tti  it.i;',em,  1  iit  w^  le 
loo  1  repulled  with  gieu  lot's  b,  tin  c  11  /.ens.  Tore- 
ward  their  lideliiv'and  liraverv,  'Jharle,  then  Hv  led 
kintr  of  Spi'n,  and  atterwar.is  cm  .errir,  prel'.  ine.l  the  n 
with  a  j/)!v'e,i  kev,  whiJi  is'ii.l  kipt  in  ih>  lo>\n- 
lioufe. 

Tieiicn,  on  the  Ghcfc,  i'ern  m  h-s  e.ill  of  Louvin, 
w.is  foinierly  a  \  ere  cont'.ii;  r  :b'e  city,  but  is  no-.v 
gre.itly  (heaved.  Here  are  two  lo.legiate  chuu  1  e-, 
the  cann  is  if  one  of  whiJi  are  ;  eimit.cil  t.)  mariv,  but 

II  th.v  letom.;  widower;  tliev  ,■.'(■  n-H  allowed  to  w,d 
a  fe.ond  time,  iii.lefs  tliev  relign  th.eir  piebend--.  No 
lavman  h.is  b(.(  n  .ible  to  .!  er  a:;  tlieann.unt  of  the  1 
I'-veniKs,  ;is   thcv  are   bi.un.l  !•..  o.itn,  ivt   to  reveal  it. 

lluy  nu.tl  be  all  natives  of  the  pl.ue,  .m.l  the  pie- 
beiui  <  aic  111  thc.r  ov<.  ngii't,  to  th.i:  upon  tlie  whole  tl  ey 
are  vuv  opu  en'.  Helivl;s  the  above,  hcic  are  eight 
nunneries  ami  fix  mona'.lvr  e^. 

lleleiveisa  t.iwn  With  a  lt:on;  caltle,  bclonyn'to 
the  duke  (f  Areniburgh  a. id  .\fKhot  ;  a  id  1,  iiiili.  1,  a 
line  b.iri'iigji  tow  n. 

(I'rmbloiirs  Ihilid.  upon  a  (leq)  hid,  en -I'mp  ill";  d  o;i 
all  ti,li.s  ui'h  p.recipices,  excep:  toward,  theealf,  .v  here 
a  Irtle  hill  1  ■^  s  over  ir.  It  is  coniidenhle  on'e  tor 
it..ih'(v  i,f"r.  I  lubei',  I'f  t' c  Bene.lietine  ordn.  Th? 
aiildt  n  the  til  It  iiobKiiun  of  Br.il'ant,  h  s  he  .  tlerf 
e.ul  ol  (ieoi'  loi:i,  ot  wh.hl'cis  a  ten.por  d  lord,  .ind 
Irr,  a-  f  ih,lhc-  lirlf  vou  i  in -Iv.  a''embii  of  ihelfatc? 
,,f  I'.i  bin..  1  h'S  al'bi-v  his  piodu  e.l  leveral  ieitned 
mill;  .iikI,    iriio'gll  o  h  1  ,  thec.icbi.il  d  monk  >ige' 

III  rtu  ,  .iv'hor  01  tliC  t  liio  i.  on  G.'inblacenle,  wtll 
k  ii'wn  b  theliained:  In-  ,iiul  ii  ri-  Ml  the  year  1  1  1  .\ 
and  hs  .l.ionicle  v»  .is  c.intniii  d  bv  abbo'  .Anf.  lniii.i 
t  11  the  vcM  ii.j',"'  v.hiii  lir  di  ll.  ( r.'iiib'oiirs  is  ia« 
nioiis    in    hillorv    tnr   ihe    vhiciv    whu  h  don  John  ot 

■  ,'\iiUri  1 1;  line  i  near  it  on  the  <l  ll  of  j.inii.irv ,  1  S7'',  ovtr 
ihe  aim.  ol  the  lla''s..-ciui.il,  ■  oniina.uKd  lyv     ^.itcnv 


'Ur  leel  ,1   lU. 


wiio   h>l!  a 


.iMiiofi,  a:u 


vva .  I  nnleit 
tali.n 


riiT,  wnert 
rough  iletc 
victiiry. 

I, ecu  we, 
firmi  '1  line 
aliucU    mai 
which  aid. 
nierlv  to  la 

l.ai'.di  n  1 
k  in  the  y.a 
comniand  < 
and  the  IV 
bun',  \  illei 
tie  natcd. 

In  the  1 
places  ar  ■, 

BullVeN, 

though  but 

bant,  hit 

mdes  well 

and    w.ueri 

imn.  noiil 

of  It  ai  a  I 

its  irreguin 

feven   mdi 

huge  to  hi 

aiiit  i.s  lur 

dit'  l!e^. 

1  1 1  re  a  re 

gie.it  Iqi   . 

in  fuiopo 

Ulg  I  oinp. 

cli]i'e>  I  nt 

hellilhed  ' 

eVc.      'Ih 

contains  t 

of   I'rabai 

aiioined  w 

painillU's. 

Micluu! 

bii'h,  whi 

Iniil-iings 

tf  the  lev 

tinciiop, 


i'l    piCVcf-.  of    t'lH^', 

r.i  'cin  I II,  revolt  •  I, 
i:  111 '}:i''rit(s  out  dt 
1  d  ..11. 1  '  ai^c  ;ill 
■vi  r  ■  iiil)(l  ,  u,  loiii- 
ri  '!i  ul  'i'  ()  liiTi 
to  I-  ;jl.iivl,  Ti  i 
I  I.oiivain  Ins  i'\i  r 
;■!■   •  y  1 .  11  D.ii- 

.      I.i  II;   hu!  I   u  li  i;li 

■i'  (■<  .iiv  Icni  ro  ill- 
IvuH'cN.       Wth    a 
t  I  'ri-,  m  'ini\cr- 
[.^'in  IV.  (I  ,:,c-r 
:'s.  t,i    n  (.-J    to  i; 
1  'c.i-  arc  a    .w  jo 
tl.c  jii.iili;-  i-\._r.    Is 
riMiiis,   M  11  ic  li,  , 
1  I'p  iiiirv  ,   l.iw,   a;  d 

1    (■■  IT.     (1,11.  i^r,.,     ,,.;,.,. 

>'li-  ;c  hiT-  lur  tlu-ir 
•t'  \i:Kiili  n.-  monk', 
ai  li  another  of  i<c- 
t    U)  Itai'iiiii:^.  ji  ■}  '.- 
t...  .A.  I).  14SJ,  tiij 
i\  ngs  in  t  ■c■^(.■•h<•l•- 
^' to  the  ic-fint's  ro:i- 
ot    i;^  aiticliicti.r.'. 
MTV    CI.  a  ioi;,  ai\t 
cd  than  a:iv  dt'icr  iii 
rs  of  Loin  am  boiit 
\y    lor.-c.     In  i7i'.-, 
Ih  it.ij'.cin,  hit  \\!  ic 
iu'  en  /(.-n-;.     'Id  i;-. 
Charli'.,  th.'n  IV.  U\i 
I'ror,  pr.r,  !Hi;.l  the.  a 
I   iM-pt   in  ih^  !i'v\  n- 

li'-)  iMll   (it     1  .(HIS  M;!, 

'f    t-ilv,    l-iit   IS    nn\ 

l<>.Il'!',I.U'.'     thllK.l.l-, 

nut. Ill  r.i  maiTv,  but 
'  ivu  ail.m'.d  to  u..l 
tlu'ir  pKlHTid-.  No 
tluaim.ciu  of  the  1 
itli  n.it  to  ii-\cal  It. 
|)',u  I',  .in, I  the  jiK'. 
t:po:i  tl.i'  uholi  t!  cv 
ou',   lu-ic  an-  ti^jju 

calllc,   I'llon;'  n  '  to 
ot  ;  a:id  1.  Ill  til  I,  ,1 

nil.  en •ciiipiirid  on 
.  ard,  tliCi-alf,  .^ 'iiTe 
oaiidcnlilc  on',-  tijr 
c.liotiiu'  iiiji  I.  Tii- 
anr,  h  s  f-t-  .  tU-  d 
tfn.j'or  ;l  lord,  ,ind 
leniiiU  dt"  I  ho  rt.ifc<; 
1  i\\  I'l'vir.il  LMtiK'd 
:biai  d  monk  Su^i: . 
Gi'iiiblac-cnlc,  uill 
'(■  111  the  year  111:, 
31  abtiof  .AiiMniuS 
fi'Tiib'onrs  is  (a* 
mIiu  h  don  Jol.n  ot 
[.iiiii.irv,  157^,  over 
iha.uKd  l)v  Vitcnv 
n,  .i:!.l  W.I .  I  I  iili.'t' 


ft' 


a 

ri! 


r,.|tl. 
In  rl; 


.1  filial;  vill.igf,  ncir  ri  iniL's  ficiin  Na- 
1:1    the    \rir  I/".*.,  the  duke  of  M.iiili  ) 
.1  ihc    Ir.r.ch,    and    oh  ainu.l    a    li.'ii.d 


built  in 
< omi-  '. , 

ir.n;:'-. 

!\"!llllil' 

nvr,   u!u- 
rou^li    iliiiar 
\kt.ir-,-. 

I.<(u«f,  o!i  thr  friu""?,  a  (hiinu;  town,  fcvcn  miles 
fioni  I  uiii:',  ;,  in  a  niari'iiv  litiiation,  whii  h  rcnder.s  it 
ujiiidlt  inacii  ii;|-ili-.  The  air  is  cxtiTiinlv  bad,  on 
vliuh  ai  Clint  the  fovcieiii-ns  of  the  eoiinty  iikd  for- 
nierl;,  to  1  anilli  i.Mini]'.ii.iKs  hiili.r. 

i.ar.dtn  1 ;  r'anunis  lor  t'.c  del'(iirale  battle  Ibiii^ht  near 
k  iiuhev.ar  H.iHi  betwei'n  tiieeoniedenites,  niiiiei  the 
cop.mand  ol  king  William  aiid  the  elevator  of  I5avar;.i, 
and  the  l';;n'.  h,  I  (immande.l  b\  the  dukes  of  Liixcm- 
hun",  \  iKeii^y,  and  Herwii  k,  in  whii  h  the  former  were 
tleu.Ued. 

Ill  l!'e  IhiiiFels  (jiiarter  of  Brabiuit  tlie  ]iriiHi[)al 
pl.,<\sa;--, 

lii.'.niU,  w  hii'li  <^i\es  n.Tmc  to  the  terriier..  and  is, 
thoiij;!i  but  leeond  m  rank,  not  onlv  ;he  lapit.il  c^t'  Hia- 
b.in;,  hit  of  the  Netheii.mds  in  i^eiicial.  It  is  1  j 
iiiilcs  ueli  ot  l.oiivain,  lituated  on  the  brou  ol  .1  lull, 
and  w.iiereil  In  the  little  river  Sennc,  Kit.  w  deij,.  <i 
mm.  no;ih;  lonj^.  2  deg.  ^o  miii.  well,  '{'he  [)r(if[Het 
oi  It  111  a  dillanee  is  admirable,  but,  upon  eiileiins;  it, 
«rs  ine  .-uiarit'.  is  rather  difgullti.l  to  .1  fliani-er.  It  is 
fe\en  miles  iij  ein  umferenee,  faiui  eonlei|ii(  ntiv  too 
laiL;e  to  hold  out  a  Ion;;;  lie!;c, )  ha^  I'cMcn  Uron;.;  ,i^''H's, 
and  i.s  fiirrminded  b\'  a  ilouble  briek  m.iII,  and  deep 
dit'  lies.  It  IS  piipuloii,,  and  the  houlV.s  are  handlome. 
1  lire  air  liwu  beautltul  fquares  ;  in  paiiunilar,  the 
;ne:it  l(]i  .r.',  or  iiiai  kei-plaee,  is  one  ol  the  moll  noble 
in  I  mope:  around  it  aie  the  halls  ol  ihe  ditl'erent  Ir.id 
Ui;',  I  onipaiih  s,  .nut  tlie  tou  n-hou!i .  the  Ia;o  r  or- 
e'.i])ei  (  ne  qiiai  ler ;  and  the  lionfsof  tf"  i\  holeare  ein- 
belhll.ed  with  f<  iilpliiiei,  i;ildinii,  l.atin  infeiinrions, 
ixe.  file  town-hoiife,  whieh  is  an  ek"<j,ant  linieture, 
Kintaiiis  the  apaiMiients  tor  ihe  alTembh'  of  the  Itaks 
of  lirabaiu.  1  hev  lire  t'p.i' lotis  and  fiijierb,  linrh 
atloiiKd  w  itli  tapellr)'  in  utii  tnmes,  and  man\  oiii'i:'  ;! 
iMMiiini's.  ()n  the  top  of  the  lleeple  i>  the  Itaiiii- ot  Sr. 
M'ehael  killini'  the  drai^on,  of  !\ik  eopper,  17  le<-t 
hirh,  whi.  h  feivcsfor  a  wealhei-eoek.  The  public 
Iniil  iiML^s  in  !>eneral,  particularb  the  palaces  and  eoiirts 
if  the  K  >eial  princes,  county  and  other  perlons  otdil- 
tiiK.ion,  M'dher  with  the  clmrLJici  and  tK)ilkr.-,  aic 
,     N'l.  -0. 


LL'ROl'i:.] 

taken  prifoncr.  This  defeat  was  imputed  to  the  abl'enee  i 
ot  the  chief  olficcrs  1.4  the  Ihites,  who  wiTe  then  at 
Briilfels,  at»d  to  the  jealoiify  fome others  had  comeivcd  j 
.I'.ainlt  the  prince  ot  Orange.  In  the  abbey  of  this  I 
town  king  Wtlliam  took  ii[)  his  head  ijuarteri  during  i 
i\  great  part  ot'hi.s  wars  with  Irance.  | 

Dielt  is  a  little  city  ii[)on  the  ri\er  Demcr,  noted  for 
its  uoollen  cloths,  hole,  niui  other  manura.tures ;  as 
alio  for  the  cxi  elleiit  beer  brewed  hi  re,  which  i>  fold  in 
all  the  neighi'iHiiing  towns.  They  keep,  on  every  ,\lli- 
\\  ednelilay,  a  fmious  lair  for  horfes.  This  (ity,  with 
it^  territory,  has  the  title  ot  a  barony,  whieh  belonged 
to  king  \\  illiain,  and  is  claimed  at  prefent  by  feveral 
ot  his  heirs.  'Jhereareat  Uielt  two  collegiate  churches, 
and  feveral  coiueiits  of  Iriars  and  nuns. 

The  I'Veneh  lines  in  Miabant  running  along  by  this 
plaie,  it  funendered  to  the- duke  ot  Marltwrough,  whin 
lie  had  fore  ed  thefe  lines  in  1701;.  Hut  toward.s  the 
end  of  the  l.ime  lamiiaign  the  1  rench  re-took  it,  and 
dil";ii.i:it!ed  ir.  However,  at  lall,  tlie  allies  again  L'ot 
polf  llion  ef  It,  ami  it  was  c.jded  to  the  houle  of  .Aultria  | 
by  the  poaee  ot  L'tiecht. 

.MoiU.u;_'P.e,  in  1  Icmilli  Seherpi  n  Ileiivel,  that  is  to 
f.iv,  Siiarp-.Mo  :in,and,  in  l.atin,  Moiis  Aeiitus,  which 
li  unities  the  (ame,  ii  thus  called  from  its  litiiition  on 
liie  top  of  an  hill:  it  II. iiids  between  IJiefl  andSichemj 
and,  though  i'li.all,  is  •■  i  ry  regu Lu  1  y  built,  and  of  an 
he;  t.i' on  li.'ure.  It  is  tamous  ti.r  an  image  of  the  I  loly 
\  irj'i.i,  «im  h  lioiot  formeily  in  a  little  nich  ag.iinll  a 
tree,  bii;,  in  llic  year  Kio.y,  the  archdukes  of  .Aiilhi.i 
or  fiiiall  (hiirch,  which  is  be- 
;•  olleriiigs  of  the  devotees  to  tha: 


A  i;  .S  T  IM  A  N      FLAN  1)  F.  R  S. 


8JJ 


large  and  nuuvii'i'cnt.  Pehind  tiic  Imperial  palace, 
that  Hood  in  the  highclV  pait  of  thecitv,  i)ik  W:::.  biiint 
down  not  many  viars  ago,  is  a  park  well  Hocked  with 
deer,  and  planted  with  trees,  like  that  of  .St.  James's  at 
J.ondon,  for  the  iniiabitants  to  v  alk  m.  .\t  the  tarther 
end  of  It  is  a  line  ]ileafure  linufe,  built  by  the  (m|)e:oi- 
Charles  V.  afiLT  his  abdication.  Oftheotler  pal.ites, 
tho/eofthc  prince  de  la  I'oiir  :u'.d  Ta\:  ,  and  of  tin* 
J'aigliili  carl  of  Avlilbury,  are  very  fine;  and  of  the 
gardens,  tliofe  of  the  Duke  of  iioiirncnville  are  the 
moll  delightful.  In  all  the  pal  ires  are  ollecli.ins  of 
original  ]'aintings,  by  t!ie  lu'ill  eminent  mailers,  hotii 
Italian  and  Memilii.  Thearfeiiiil  is  will  worth  feeiiiL', 
on  account  of  the  curious  antaj'-ie  arms.  The  cpera- 
hoiife  is  very  fpacious  and  ii.agnilieent,  built  after  the 
Italian  marner,  w  ith  rows  ol  lodge.?,  or  tlofets,  in  inoll- 
ot  \. liich  ure  chimnies.  lour  line  piiUires  of  the 
markets  of  IJrufiiils,  by  Rubens  aid  Snyder,  which  coft 
the  dukes  of  St.  Pierre  .;o,CO'j  tltirins,  and  for  which 
the  I'rench  king.  Lew  is  XI V'.  offered  great  funis,  arc 
now  in  the  pollelFion  of  the  Orford  family. 

Thi-i  city  IS  well  pro\ided  uiiii  water,  having  rn 
public  fountains,  adorned  with  Ihumsat  the  corners  of 
the  moll  public  iircet..  'I'he  low  er  pair  ot  the  city  is 
called  thcKivagc,  and  is  cut  into  c.uials,  which  cor.i- 
munitate  with  the  grt.it  canal,  extending  from  BiulFuii 
to  the  .Scheld,  1;  miles.  IJy  tliis  cinjl,  which  wav 
liniOied  in  15^1,  and  toll  the  ciry  an  immenfe  lum,  a 
perlon  may  fail  from  IJrullils  to  the  North  Sea  ;  and 
large  coveird  boatv,  calle.l  tr..cl.-fchoots,  aciiialiy  go 
twice  a  day  to  .Antwerp  and  b.ick  again.  Fach  boat  is 
drawn  In  one  horfe  only,  which  goes  a  gentle  pace  at 
ther.iteot'  three  miles  .in  hour,  and  the  fare  is  alxiiit 
tv  o-pence  fai thing  l()r  every  hour.  .Along  the  canal.s, 
both  M  ithin  and  without  the  ciiy,  are  line  walk*. plant;  d 
with  trees,  as  in  IloUiind,  and  alio  on  the  walh.  Of 
the  churches,  the  mod  n  m;irk  ible  is  that  of  St.  CJiidula, 
which  is  an  old  gothit  building  on  the  outlide,  but 
finely  adorned  within.  In  the  choir  are  feveral  line 
monuments  of  illulbious  princs  :  and  all  around  it  arc 
many  pretty  chapeN,  in  one  of  which  il.ey  worihip 
iliree  hulls,  wi'.ich,  they  fay,  were  flabbed  in  the  \ear 
!;*>.;,  by  a  Jew,  and  bied.  'I'hefc  are  expofed  every 
ttlhv.il,  ma  chalice,  riciily  f^t  with  diamonds;  and  on 
the  Sunday  after  the  i  jth  ot  July  there  is  a  yeaiiy  pio- 
celiion,  in  memory  of  this  llabbmg,  when  the  holts  are 
carried,  round  the  city,  decorated  with  a  great  number 
ot  precious  llone.s,  and  attended  by  all  the  clergy,  ft- 
i  ular  and  regular,  the  m.igillrates,  courts  of  juflicc, 
and  tlie  governor  of  the  province.  The  (  hapcl  where 
they  are  kept  is  all  (>f  marble,  and  the  altar  of  folid 
liber.  .Among  the  cloillers  ot  all  orders  here  arc  two 
Knglitii,  one  <if  which  is  ot  Dominican  ladiCs,  founded 
bv  eauimal  Howard  m  the  reign  ol  Charles  II.  c.f 
which  .V  lady  of  the  houfc  of  Norfolk  was  always  to  be 
abbefs,  and  the  other  is  of  luins  of  the  Benedictine  or- 
der. The  beguinage  here  is  like  a  little  town,  fur. 
rounded  by  a  wall  and  deiji  ilitch,  and  fubdivuled  into 
various  fmall  llreets  and  lane.;.  1  he  numlKr  of  be- 
giiines,  wlio  have  all  fe[)arate  apartments,  amount  to 
above  Sco;  they  are  governed  b\  tour  matrciis,  whom 
tlie\  chufe  out  of  their  ow  n  bodi  ;  their  church  is  verv 
elegant;  and  they  have  a  contelior  appointed  by  the- 
billu'p  of  .Aiiiweip.  Here  is  a  pawnbroker  genera!, 
or  j)iiblit  oiHce,  tor  lending  money  upon  pledges  at  a 
moderate  intcrcll.  It  ii  called  the  .Vlamit  of  Fietv, 
and  was  eilabbthi.d  b\  the  archbilliop  .Albert  and  his 
contoit  llabella,  m  the  year  1*117.  Several  piivarr 
[Milages  lead  to  it,  lo  that  anv  perfon  may  enter  it 
without  being  teen  goiii;.',  m  from  the  public  tlreets. 
'1  he  II. habitants  ot'  IJruifels  leem  to  h.ive  had  a  great 
predtleeiion  tor  the  number  i'e\'vn,  as 

in  this  I  itv  we  find  tome  footlleps  of  the  am  ieiii 
fi  icy  tor  tha;  number;  f.ir  there  are  leven  |)rincipat 
It  reels  that  enter  into  the  great  market;  leven  Itately 
hoiileiin  the  marker,  let  out  by  the  fenate  tor  the  life 
ot  iie corporation;  feveiiparilli  churches;  leven  noble 
taniikcs,  eminent  for  thrill  antiquity  and  gie.it  privi- 
\j\i  lejres ; 


I  .'i 

ir'i 


%:.i 


m 


it  I 

'J 


MM 


ll!  i 


r?i  ^ 


A  NIAV  ROYAL,  AND   AUTIIKNTIC  SYSTF.M  or  IJNIVFUS  \1.  Gl  vX.K  Ai:  1  \ . 
;  fcvcn  niulu  ivcs,  lircnfcJ  ;ii>d  iVorn  bv  the  fcnuto,   i|  ilicatcil  to  tlu  \inMH  Mary.aiul  il  c  llnh-honlo.air  mt,' 


t'>  ^  111 


t  the 

bli 


loiii ,  as  \V( 


11  as  tlu'  IK  ll,  when  calkii  ;  am 


A 


levin  (niblK  j: 


Mlisot   Done  Mor 
ot, 


k. 


niaf^nilicent  llnii-tun  s 


laik.ilile  t'ork-aJ-       ii  the  lirll  that 


ill 


•J'hi 


(Jrcll 


IRS.        riu:  e\i  liiML^c  I'oi  luen  haiUs 

built  ;,i  I'lirop  •,  aiul  tnmi  uhuhSii 

k  his  iiioiK  I  dl'  iliai  at   l.oiuloii, 


laiii  ton 


ing  to  i,UMa;iy  pLuesot  i)knhiri-,()rilillerent  cxcii 

OIK'  to  tow  ling,  a  Iceoiul  to  lilhing,  a  thiiii  to  l.iiiitinf;,  :  as  liiil  alio  tl  olc  a;    XipCeui.ini.      ll  has  lour  Ipai  inii 

a  loiiith  to  pleal'ant   liekU,  a  lilLli  to  palliMe  griniTuis,  L,Mie.s,  ojii'ulitc  one  another,  uhili  ar<-  aUiay,  op  n 

a  lixth   to    Tprings  aiul   viiKumis,  aivl  a   I'cNenth    lo  aiul  the  ualks  on  each  liilo  aii"  I'lipi'oited  by  4{  pilla 


;ai 


dens 


I  liliie  nurblc,  all   cii'^ravcd,  but  not  two  <  1'  then 


'I'hc   citv  entertained   at    one  tmie    fcsen  crowned  ,    ..like.      I'he  length  ot  this  cm  lianjjj    is   i  ^^o  Icet,  an  t 
heads,  belldes  the  dukes  of  Savoy   anil  l.orriin,  with  '^  the  brradth  140.       Underneath  aie   v,ullt^  and  iim;vi- 


l)JOO 


la 


horl 


e  helongmg  to 


thci 


r  retinues.      The  inns,  or  !,  /ines  for  men  hants  gi)oils;  and   abo\e  is  an 


tin'^-hoiifes   lure,  are  ei]iial  to  any  in  ilio  world  ;  a       lor  painting,  leiilptiire,  architectuie,  and  maihiiiMti 


ll 


rani.;;;  r  may  ilinc 


ataiu  time  bet«ixt  twelve  and  three 


I'even  or  eight  dillus   of  nicar,  at   a  moll  moderate       ( 


charge.  The  wine>  alio  are  very  good  and  cheap  ;  and 
lor  a  necr  tritle  In  the  hour  you  may  have  a  coach  to 
carrv  you  wheiever  \ou  plealc.  At  the  gate  ot  Hrullcls 
begins  the  t'anioiH  w  ooJ  ol  Sogne,  ol'  great  extent,  out 
ol'  which  the  inhalMtants  are  allowed  to  cut  a  great 
»iuaiuitv  ot'  wood  lor  fuel  every  year ;  ami  as  tall  as  the 
trees  arc  cut  liown  liclli  ones  are  planted  in  ihcr 
room,  bv  which  n  -.ns  the  for-ll  wdl  continue  I  •■ 
e\er  for  the  bcnefi;  ..,  the  [  )or.  'I'hio  1  i".  i  'hefi..' 
of  th>' council  ot  llate,  the  pri\  v-councu,  ;ne  coc:.- 
til  of  linanccs,  the  war  coiinol.and  the  chainherot  ic- 
conipti  of  the  chancery  and  fcL-dal  court  ol  nial>....r, 
the  court  of  the  grand  forelkr,  and  a  particul.ir  cham- 
ber of  a.(  (>in[its  tor  the  i)ro\iTKe  ol  15iabant.  The 
trade  conlilks  in  camblcts,  laces,  and  ta|)ellrie',  manu- 
laLturCvi  here,  anvi  leiu  all  over  iuiroiie.  In  the  year 
l()o;  it  I'uftered  nuuh  by  a  I'lench  bDmb.inlment :  in 
!-c6thc  alhcs  male  ihemlelves  m.ii'.ers  of  it  ;  and  the 
Irencii  in  i"4'i  ,  but  it  w:is  rclloicd  by  tl'e  treaty  ol 
Aix-l.i-Ciiai^tI!e.  NciL  is  a  ttatue  of  gilt  marble, 
crC'.;icd  by  ih.e  comjiany  of  brewers  to  [irince  Charles  ol 
l.orram,  ^■ovc.iuu-geiitral  of  the  Aullrian  Nether- 
lands, 

At  V'ilvcrdeii,  a  fm.ill  town,  fevcn  mik>  fiom  Hruf- 
fils,  llanvis  on  the  canal  of  brulills.thc  tamoi. -William 
Tindal,  who  lull  tranllatcd  the  New  Telkiment  into 
I'.nc:lilli,  ai-.d  fuii'ered  niartyrJom  contrary  to  the  law  of 
nation-,  he  heiiig  a  fubjeci  of  Ivngland. 

Nivel!e  IS  15  nulcs  dillani  lii)m  Ijrulills,  It  is  a 
pretty  corilit-leiabie  city,  lime,  bendcti  two  collegiate 
ihuiche-,  there  are  live  parochial  ones,  and  leveral 
.  onven:s,  t)ne  of  wh:ch  is  for  iH>li:c  learning.  'I'hcre 
arc  ilfo  kvcral  nunneries,  and  a  chajner  of  canoneliVs, 
who  mull  all  be  the  daughters  of  princes,  or  al  Icall  of 
noblemen  of  four  licfccnts.  The  abbels  is  iHledprin- 
i  els  ol  Nivcllc,  and  is  ap()ointcd  by  the  fovcreign,  who 
mull  ihi.lc  one  out  of  three  canonelles  named  to  him 
by  thi  .;apier.  The  abl)er:>  is  I'lyaitiial  and  temporal 
laiiy  of  the  cit\,  and  of  its  dillnct.  Thereare  17  vil- 
lager VHi.hin  the  ilil'rict  of  th.is  city.  The  to  :i  eu|ovs 
laige  privileges;  and  a  great  quantity  of  lii  linen  1,. 
;!;adc  here  equal  to  that  ol  C'ambray. 

About  live  miks  to  the  fouth  <.f  this  city  (kinds  the 
Village  of . Send,  lamous  for  a  battle  fought  near  it  in 
ir^.r,  betwun  the  Dutch, under  the  })rince  of  Orange, 
a:'..i  the  ircnch,  commanded  by  the  prince  of  L'onde. 
1  luy  luught  with  gnat  fury  on  both  lides  eight  hours 
liuring  da  -light,  and  two  by  moon-light  i  but  the 
moon  felting  obl'ged  thcni  to  give  over.  The  I'rench 
pretended  they  had  carried  the  day,  becaule  they  took 
moil  prifoi'.erslhan  the  Dutch  ,  but  the  lat:er  lemained 
inaUer-  ot  the  liekl  o'.  battle.  There  were  about  14,1300 
men  k;llLil  on  both  lides;  but  the  1  tench  loll  more 
♦len  t!:an  ic-j  Duti-h,  and  had  a  great  manv  oliiiers  of 
ilr.hnciioii  iw.l.d. 

Jn  the  i;..iii„iH  quartrr  ol  \ntwi  rp  aic, 

Aiuwiip,  ■.'liiili  nj\c.  name  to  the  marquii;ite<;f  the 
111,!,  iioiiiaii  ( ;..,  ;a,  or  of  Antwerp.  i  his  i  ity  is 
liruaied  on  lh>  S  lield,  2c  miles  north  of  ISnilkls.  It 
1.,  t'.-.e  thi  id  ir.  rank  .11  lirabant,  c.xtenlive  and  clegrantly 
built.  The  hoi.ks  arelolt\,  built  of  frollone,  and 
have  courts  before,  and  gtardeiis  behind  them.  Atone 
end  of  a  noble  llrcet,  ealled  Mere-Uieet,  there  i,  a 
bra/.cn  ciiu,Ii\,  jj  llrei  in  height.     The  cathedral,  dc- 


•1  I- 1 


city  was  once  the  empoi  mm  lor  trade  on  this  ink 


o^ie 


)i  iiv!  liiuatid  on  the  bai 


if  the 


Si  held,  where  lliips  oi  the  gie  itell  'luiihen  came  up 
to  her  tjuavs,  as  upon  the  rivei  jlaiiics  at  l.oiid  in. 
IJul  wlieiith,  Seven  Uiin.id  I'rovnuii  v»eii- det  l.iml  .1 
tree  li.ue,  aiul  the  navig.ition  ol  the  Si  |u  Id  w.i>  y  uMcd 
to  th.  li  by  Spain,  they  built  a  Ion,  calleii  I  ail  1,  li  u  n 
miles  below  this  citv,  on  the  nairowell  parid  the  ■  i\er. 
to  hiiv'  rai   Oiipping  Iromcoming  up,  i  xcept  w  ha'  ;iaul 


■n  :  ami  a'-  I  MilliiiiLi,  in  /lalaiul,  i 


a;  til.; 


CUlIlM      '•)  ilv 

ii.ii',  ■:.  t  :!■  river  Scli  'd,  ihe\  to  k  ellcviiial  c.ire  to 
;■  •',.!.!  the  nav'ga'i*'"  '''■"  "•'>  iinjiia^  li.  aiilv  :  lo  ili.iL 
li  id-  u.'U  winglrom  .Xniweipto  .\mlteKlam,  a  toa  ii 
1  "  civ  jt  very  conrklerablc,  but  now  one  oi  the  molt 
til  r  itliin;.  i  'iirofie.  This  .Irose  the  nuuhants  of 
Aiitweri  ti.  ;  ..I.' 'iieir  heads  to  jewelling,  painting,  ami 
banking,  which  ihcy  have  continued  to  ihuday  to  the 
gieatell  perlection.  1  (ere  is  likewiie  an  e^i  elicnt  ma- 
nufactory of  tapellry  and  l.u  e  ;  and,  toi  the  promoiioii 
of  trade,  an  infurancc  com|i.iny  has  been  ere.ied.    T'hii 


I  itv  is  the  fee  of  a  bilkop 


V  ho,   as 


abbot  of  Sr.  Har- 


nard,  is  the  feeoiui  prelate  ii>.  Hral  ant.  'I  hebilkopiic 
is  of  great  extenf,  and  the  »  athedral  a  n-oll  nob!  •  pile, 
with  one  of  the  lip.cll  Itceples  in  ihe  world.  Tie  em- 
peror Charles  V.  vvlunhe  made  li:scntry  into  .\niv,erp, 
laid  it  ought  to  be  put  in  a  cafe,  and  Ihcwiil  only  once 
a  year  for  a  rarity.  The  houfe  of  the  Hans-lowns, 
built  whenthecity  was  in  lis  llourilliing  condition,  isa 
Itately  buildiil};,  w  ith  magazines  abo\  e  tor  dry  gomis, 
and  cellais  below  lor  wet,  aiul  in  thi-  middle  llorv  weie 
300  lodging  roonis  lor  mere  hints;  but  now  it  is  turned 
to  a  horfe  bairack.  Ilu'ic  1^  a  market  hereialad  the 
1  riday's  maiket,  becaufeit  l^  hekleverv  lrula\,  where 
all  forts  of  houlehi  11  good.-,  p.eUiies,  and  |ewels,  are 
fold  by  auction.  No  'it)  m  the  Neihci lands  has  lo 
many  and  fuch  fine  ciuirches  as  this.  Many  t  f  them 
particuiarl)  the  tathcdral  and  jefuits  church,  arc 
adorned  with  paintings,  b.  Sir  Peter  I'aul  Rubens,  wlio 
was  a  native  01  this  ci;\  ;  and  b.  tjiiintm  NLiiTeys,  who 
is  laiil  to  have  been  a  bhukfmilh,  but  that  having 
fallen  in  love  wnli  a  painter's  ilaughler,  a;ul  been  loki 
1)\  her  father,  when  lie  aikid  h.er  ol  hiiii  m  marriage, 
that  he  would  have  none  but  a  [i.'.mter  for  his  lon-in- 
law,  he  went  to  lial',  to  iUiiiy  p.ir',:;n',  an  I,  in  .1  lew 
vears,  returned  lo  eminent  in  his  new  iirotellion,  that  he 
iouiui  no  diilicultv  in  obtainiii;',  t'H' father's  conlent. 
He  IS  interred  at  the  entry  ol  the  caiheelral,  where  his 
elkgy  1.-  put  up,  with  an  ink  riptioti  lignily  ing,  T  n.'.t  1  011- 
|ugal  lo^e-  maelc  an  .Aiipelks  of  a  blaekfmiih.  1  he 
Liel'ore  meiuioniel  churi  h  is  cxtreiiu  1)  inagnifu  e.'.t,  and 
the  chapel  ol  t'ue  \  ugin,  joining  to  1',  Itiil  moic  lo. 
Among  the  eknlki-,  ihe  moll  rem;irkabic  are  the  noble 
and  iieh  abbey  of  .'it.  Michael,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Si  h.elil,  tlie  .ipanments  of  wh.e  h  aie- truly  roy.il,  and 
in  which  all  fovere  gn  prine  es  that  ()al.,  'hi.  way  .ulually 
loelge' ;  .111  I  the  I'.ngjilh  luiniiciy,  eil  ihe  oidei  (it  St 
'lerela,  the  nuns  of  uhieh  never  wear  liiu'ii,  01  e.iL 
tlelli,  and  be  uponltiaw.  1  he  grate-,  ol  liie  eoiivenl 
arefoelitmal  th.ii  11  look>  like'  aprifon. 

As  to  ih.e  foitilications  ol  theiily,  it  is  envn.mej 
with  a  line  wall,  jilanteil  vcitli  leiu:;  ol  trees  on  eaeh  lide, 
Willi  walks  between,  broael  eiuiugh  lor  two  eoae  he-:  ti) 
goa-breall,  being  alio  eklenelcel  by  a  very  llrong, 
large,  iei:ular  1  itaelel,  la  loi  in  ol  a  |)ei;tai;on,  ereCt..d 
by  the  eii.ke  oi  Alva  in  l^i'iS,  whieli  coimiiatuis  'he 
town  and    iieiiihbouring    couiitr'. .      The    mayiltracy 


■11  t! 
is  I 
an- 

ch  t 


I'.L'KOl'J..] 

of  this  city 
l.iinilies,    ani 
eleluviiis,  be 
privileges    i^i 
which  every 
ii.s  l.ither  aiiel 
ol   Alenij-on, 
whom  the  Ita 
Neihcrlaiuls, 
this  eilv,  th 
t;,at  they   dn 
1  500  01  'hen 
•-^OOO,    1 

ing,  b, 
iireii  to 
.ie_,e  wl 
eil  I'.ira  1,  gi 
n:ul'  r  ■  o.e  n 
moiii'i  aiul 
n.it  b.en  for  1 
iKiiiid  to  ca 
g'eographer  .\ 
lleeple  ol  the 
anel  two  chin 
and  a  crofs  al 

".ier,  on 
Nethe,  J-  a  li 
nature.  .'\  | 
I  kre  is  a  iji 
Meek,  fiiiin  ."■ 
a  lamous  ma 
eeileiit  foi't  ( 
very  oiuch  i. 
allei  make  l,u 
Nk'i  hhn.  T' 
one ,  is  a  line 
chime-  ol  bel 
nc'  s  here;  ; 
feniied  Carme 
nalkiy,  the  1 
terencc  eif  the 
(warden,  is  a  I 
jj;reater  priv  il( 
other  monalk 
tlinc  leigedie 
altho"  thev  e-r 
ot  wine  at  el 
1  immer,  to 
to  liay  e)ut  Ire 
live  at  lagiit. 
cleiilters  lead 

I'urnhou! 
was    built 
vear  121:. 
I'eter,  the  cl 
aiul  I  2  ^^itM^ 
Confenbemk 
lite  literature 
g.tve  this  cii 
ol    Miingar.- 
alter  the' con 
king    of    Sj 
Solms,  tlic 
lau  .   by  whi 
e'l    Or.mge. 
the  loidlhii 
tie'  feivereigl 

ol   May,  1 

luilUels  All 
king  Ihoukl 
Irile  o,  piiiv 

Ihe  lordl 
miles  111  len^ 

Mei  hlin, 
Antwerp,  is 
of  prim.itc  e 
one  half  of 
[iriatcd  to  h 


i:  \;':h. 

;uk-li'iii|c,air  MT- 
;\l;(.'  I')!-  iiji'ii  hai'.t ; 
ikI  troiM  u  liii  hSn 
i|  ili.it  at  l.omliin, 
lias  lotir  \^^M  ioiit 
M-  alwav  ■.  t>|)  -11  ; 
II  1.(1  li>  4  {  pillai  . 

lint    tui)   (  t'    rlli'iii 

•    i>   I  "'O  t.ct,  ail  I 

vault.'  aiiii  iiiai;a  • 

f\c   is  a.'i  :v  .!ilc,iiy 

and  iiuitlu  iiulK  .s, 

■  M;uic  oil  till-,  liili, 

hark',  (it   the  ii>  ^r 

II  'iuili'.>.'n  laim  iij) 

I, amis  at    l.oiiil'iit. 

\»ii'.'  ilci  la  nil  a 

"^i  111  III  «,is  )ii|,lii| 

illiil  Khlii,  1'tM.n 

ll   [Urll  I  till'   VIM!!  , 

',  1  vccpt  u  h.v  I'ai.l 
/.  alaiul,  1  a-  :ii,: 
V  (.liiviual  I  irc  !  I 
rai  lii  aMk  :  lo  tlul 
\rultcii.laiii,  a  Ida  ii 

l(in    OIVJ  Ul    lilLIIIDll 

:  liic  iiK  u  haius  ol" 

m^r,  [iuiitiiv;,anit 

t.)  till.  ila\  to  t!ic 

i:c  an  i  ■■(  ilii'in  ma- 

,  till  tl",v.'  pionuijioii 

Ihi'ii  irc.'k-il.   'I'liij 

abbot  of  Sr.  Har- 

iiK.       i  he  lulliopiic 

1  a  tri.ll  luilil  ■  pill-, 
:  VMirlii.  lit  ciii- 
.iitiy  into  Aniv.cip, 
ll  UrwuI  only  oin  c 

ihc  Hans-'I'iiuns, 
Hng  coiulltioii,  is  a 
)i)\c  tor  ih)  goikli, 
ll'  riiKiiJlt'  ll(ir>  \\cii" 
l)ut  iio\\  It  IS  tiiriii-il 
lilt  here  lalail  tlic 
I'M'ry  lriila\ ,  w  here 
ic.s,  and  )iwfls,  arc 
Ntihcrlands  lias  lo 
us.  Many  1 1  thtiii 
tluits  thurch,  ai\' 
r  I'.uil  Rubins,  \ihi> 
uimm  M.iilVys,  uho 
h,  hut  that  hasin^ 
'hii:r,  and  been  lold 
ll  hiiii  HI  niarriaj^i', 
'Iter  tor  Ins  loii-iii- 
'.;:ii'',  and,  in  a  tew 
n  piMfeiliiiii,  that  he 
'  r  tathir's  ( Diileiit . 
tailiedial,  v\  hi  re  his 
iLiiit;  iiij.;,'l  iiat  coii- 

blai.kl'iniili.  The 
ll)  ma;;iii(n  e:it,  and 
to  I',  llill  moic  to, 
rkablc  arc  tin  nible 
11  li.e  banks  nt'  the 
aie  '.ml)  ri)\.il,  and 
lals  'hi.  «,n  .u'liially 
at  the  .iidei  ot  St 
:  Mear  linen,  oi  e.a 
rate-,  ol  iiie  (.oa'.eni 
itoii. 

iiy,  it  IS  tnviiontj 
ul  trees  on  eai  h  tide, 
1  tor  tuo  loaehes  to 

by  a  very  llroiir, 
I  per.tai  on,  ( not.d 
leil    lOllimailds    i.ll- 

ll.e    iiiajjilha.  y 
of 


KL'ROri    j 


A  U  ??  1   R  I    \  N       [    I.  .A  N  I)  F.  R  S, 


r 


of  this  city  is  r liofeii  only  out  of  the  fevcn  patrician 
I'lmilies,  and  i  onlilt  ot  two  l)urj;omalKi  s,  and  iS 
tielieviii.s,  betides  interior  niai^iltrates.  Aiiion;^  the 
piivilej^is  i^raiued  to  it  hy  its  prim  es  there  is  one  Iv, 
uhiih  e\cry  prion  bornin  i'  is  a  citi/.en,  thou^;h  both 
Ji.s  lather  and  mother  were  loreijjners.  Win  ii  the  duke 
ol  \len(;on,  brother  to  the  liemli  kiiij;  I  leiii',  III. 
whom  the  dates. {rcneral  had  appoiited  i^overnor  of  the 


Ne:!icrlaiid.s,  mule  An  atiemi 


ot   I' 


irn  I, 


icSj,  to  li:rpn/c 


this  eitv,  the  i  iti/ens  ileleiuled  thenitehes  to  bra'.ely 
lijat  they  drove  thf  I'reiK  h  out  i.C  the  town,  killed 
1500  01  'hem,  of  which  .joo  «ere  nobleii'.ii,  and  took 
■;ooo,  '.  -iithclor-  of  only  *>)  ni'.,i:  il  ■  duke  ha\ - 
111;^,  bv  "ii  tlep,  lotl  tile  eonlulenee  ■  1"  tin  llates,  re- 
tired to  :  an.  e,  uhtrc  he  toon  died  of  ).vief.  I  he 
.le^e  wb  ih  this  tity  In  Id  out  ;ii  i;S5  ngainii  the  duke 


;overnor  of  ,,ie  Netherlands,   is  one  of  the 


moi^  r-  lOAiied  ■  hitlorv.  The  lie^^c  lalled  a  tvieUe- 
moiiPi  and  he  iK'\er  eould  lia\e  tuci  ceded,  h.  d  it 
n.it  li.en  lor  the  thipendous  l>rid;.;e  lie  laid  over  the 
iKlitid  to  earry  on  his  'tack  Merc  the  cilebrated 
j;eo;;iapher  .\bialiamOrtelius  was  horn.  In  the  iiob'c 
lieeplc  ot  the  cathedral,  mentioned  above,  arc  j{  bells, 
and  two  chimes,  a  cloik  with  a  diain-'ter  of  jo  feet, 
and  a  crofs  at  top,  which  is  1;  feet  in  heiL';ht. 

'.ier,  on  the  eonHiix  of  the  (neat 'rand  F.elfcr, 
Nethe,  1  a  liiiall  town,  but  flroiiji  both  by  arr  and 
nature.  \  pa\ed  road  leads  Itoni  heme  to  Ai. twerp. 
Hire  is  a  f'pai  iciis  market-plu  e,  v.liere  once  ever> 
week,  liiuii  .St.  John's  d.iy  to  .^t.  Martin's,  they  kiep 
a  taiiions  market  lor  black  laule.  The)  blew  an  ex- 
cellent fort  (it  white  beer,  called  Cavelli',  wlmh  is 
very  iniieh  .itecuied  all  over  the  Netherlands  :  they 
alto  make  l.ui,  \  hu  h  is  reckoned  equal  to  th.ii  ot 
Mechlin.  'I'lie  ihicf  church,  which  is  a  lolhtr,.,.^. 
oiu  ,  Is  ,1  line  buil.lin;,',  adorned  with  an  li.irmoinmis 
chiiiie  ot  bells.  1  here  are  feural  con\ents  and  iiiin- 
nc'  s  here;  among  the  latter  is  that  of  Iniililh  barc- 
fooi.d  Larmeliti  nuns.  The  Carlhuliaiis  have  a  mo- 
nalteiy,  the  largell  in  the  Netherlands:  the  circum- 
ference of  the  walls  that  uiclofe  the  cells  and  kiti  hen- 
garden.  Is  a  lull  I'.nj^lilli  mile,  and  the  monks  have  a 
^reatcr  prnilegeuranied  them  by  the  pope  than  the 
other  monallcries  ot'  that  order;  for  thev  arc  allowed  to 
«linc  together  in  the  refectory  every  Wednelday :  and 
altho'  the)  cat  nothing  but  tilh,  tlie\  have  each  a  bottle 
ol  wine  ai  dinner,  and  base  the  liberty,  fix  weeks  in 
t  ininier,  to  go  abroad  in  i  oaclies  to  take  the  air,  and 
to  ti.iy  out  from  teven  ot'theclock  in  the  iiiorniiig  till 
)i\e  at  niglu.  '1  he  monatlery  is  ver)'  large,  and  the 
cloilters  leading  to  the  (  ells  arc  paved. 

Turiihout,  a  (nuiU  cit\ ,  with  the  title  of  a  lordllup, 
was  built  bv  Henry  1\  .  duke  of  nraban":,  about  the 
vear  1  ii  :.  1  Icre  is  a  collegiate  church  dedicated  to -St. 
I'eter,  the  chapter  ol  wliu  h  is  i onijiot'ed  ot  a  dean 
and  I  .'  canons.  'I'he  regul.ir  c;inons  ol  the  pimr)  ol 
*.  ontei'.bo.'ik  have  here  a  college,  where  thev  teach  jio- 
liic  liter.iturc.  In  the  \ear  1  :.\^  the  emjieror  (.  harlc^  \  . 
give  this  city  and  lordtliip  to  his  lilkr  .Marv,  qii'.'cn 
ol  Miingary,  to  enjoy  11  during  her  lite.  In  iCi.iS, 
after  the  com  lulion  ot  the  treaty  of  MiintUr,  Philip  1\. 
king  of  .Sp.iin,  gave  it  to  the  princefs  Amelia  ol 
Solnis,  the  w  idowof  prince  1  riderick  I  lent)  ot  Xaf- 
faii  .  by  which  iii'-ans.  thi-i  lordtliip  came  to  the  houfe 
ol  t)r.inge.  King  W'llliaiii  ill.  dying  without  itfuc, 
the  lordthip  ol  Turiihout  was  adiuvij^ed,  bv  a  decree  o( 
tic  tiivireign  lad.il  court  of  Ihaliant,  illind  tl;e  :6th 
ot  May,  173S,  to  the  kingof  I'ruliia,  agreeable  to  the 
lirimets  .'Xiiielia's  l.dl  will;  but  on  <  omiitioii  that  the 
king  Ihould  pay  a  thpulated  liiiu  10  John  William 
I  riico,  piinic  ol  Orange. 

I  he  iordlhip  ol  MrciniN  is  no  moic  than  eight 
miles  ill  length,  and  about  live  in  breadth. 

Mechlin,  tiuiaiid  on  the  Denui,  15  miles  from 
Antwerp,  is  tlie  vapital.  l  hearchbilhop  takes  the  title 
ot  [riiiKiic  ot  tlie  iNetherlands,  and  abbot  of  .Mlligein, 
one  half  ol  the  revenues  of  the  .ibbey  being  ap|iro- 
priatcd  to  his  fee.      1  lis  full'ragans  aie  the  bilhops  of 


Antwerp,  Ghent,  Yprcs,  Rnig-j,  and  Rurcmondc; 
and,  within  hisarchicpilco[)al  |urifdi;"tio'i,  are  17  cities, 
and  455  villages.  I'he  c.idi'dial  is  a  l.irge  and  iiiag- 
lilicciif  tlriicture.  The  clock  ii]ion  the  4  fides  of  tiic 
tower  or  (lecple  i;  144  lect  in  cncumfercnce,  ca.-h 
figure  being  abov  ,1  )ard  ion;^  ;  and  yet  /o  high  is  the' 
llii'lile,  that,  from  the  market  place,  it  feeins  but  an 
oidinary  clo(  k.  Hi  tides  a  great  number  of  convents 
of  men  and  maidens,  there  is  in  this  city  a  large  be- 
guinagc,  containing  generally  7'^j  beguiiv.'s,  and  (ome- 
tiines  mote,  who  make  foine  of  tlie  (ii!>  fl  Mechlin 
lace.  St.  Rombanr,  who  was  an  Intlinian,  and  liitliop 
o|  Duhliii,  is  patron  ot  this  ci;\ .  Mechlin  is  the  I'e.i. 
ol  a  governor,  a  [)rovincial  court,  and  alio  a  parha- 
m(  lU  or  tineieign  louiuil,  to  whii  h  appials  lie  from 
!  ollofthecouri.s  ol'|iillice  in  tlicAuUrian  Netiierlands; 
oii:  t'oiii  It  lies  no  .ipp;  .il,  except  in  the  <  antes  of  the 
knights  of  the  fioldi  11  Micce,  to  the  I'ovci'eign  of  the 
order.  The  city  is  pretty  large  and  well  built,  with 
broad  (  lean  llrcets,  cinving  a  conli'icrable  trade  in 
corn,  blankets,  and  thread;  but  their  chief  nianufa'- 
ture  is  of  thofc  line  laces  famous  throughout  all  iui- 
ropc.  Here  is  a  Hatcly  arfcnal,  and  a  noble  hofpital 
tor  wounded  or  fuperannuated  foldier.. 

Tlie  Duchy  of  I.inshcro  is  fnrroiiiidcd  by  Inlicrs, 
Luxemburg,  and  L.iege.  The  lountry  is  pleafanr, 
];(ipul(.iis,  and  fruiiful;  aboiin,!.^  :n  cati'e,  mines  of 
iron,    le.id  and   cilaniy,    and   is   wr!l    wa.ci'd.      The 


laic-.   CO. 


mill 


■id  cdinnions ; 


s  w, 


I!  tor- 

and  a 


•  y  of  Rolcduc 
the   order  of 
Jc  i>y  the   ju'opL- 
ic 


the  nobility,  li 
and  the  principal  places  are, 

I  .mtbuig,  w  hie  h  Haiuk  on  an  '  ' 
iitied,  has  one   large  theet,  t''       '.r 
capacious  liibutb  called  D.ihlc" 

.■\t  about  a  mile  dillancc  I.  i-v  i'; 
Dands  thefanio'is  abbey  of  r,.,'e^ 
S:.  .\iigullin;  it  is  called  '"  "'.k-i 
ol  that  countrv'.  The  abb"  is  te^'iporal  lord  of  tj- 
villag<s  of  MaicklUin,  Kc  -  'od  an. 1  otlicr  places ; 
and  IS  the  tiill  member  01  .1  iates  ot  the  province 
of  Lintbiiig,  and  per[)etiiai  commilliiry  or  deputy  of 
theclergv,  al.eriKittly  with  the  abbot  of  \'aldieu  :  he 
is  alio  patron  of  the  parochial  church  ct  Roleduc, 
which  he  geiv.rally  betlows  on  oiv:  ol  the  monks  of  his 
abbey. 

Tlic  Diklr.  of  Lcxi  Miiuiio  i.s  botitidid  by  I.iege  to 
the  north,  by  l.orrain  to  tlic  fouth,  by  Treves  to  the 
call,  and  bv  Champagne  to  the  well.  It  is  nearly  fquarc, 
an, i  extends  about  Sj  miles  each  wa).  The  air  is  pure, 
the  land  well  watered,  the  toil  fruitful,  and  the  counts, 
jiopulous.  The  llates  conlilf  of  the  clergy,  nobles 
and  deputies;  and  the  religion  is  Roman  Catholic. 
I'hi'ce  ditl'ercnt  languages  arc  fpokcn  in  this  duchy, 
vi/..  Cicrmivn,  I'lench  and  Walloon.  It  lies  in  the 
I  enter  ol  the  forctl  of  Ardenne,  and  contains  the  fol- 
l()wing  plnce> : 

l.iixembu'-g,  the  capital  of  the  province,  is  di- 
vided into  lJ)iper  (^r  (.)ld  Town,  and  Lower  or  New 
Town.  The  former  is  furrounded  bv  rocks  ;  and  tiie  lat- 
tir  contains  two  fuburbs.  1  lere  is  a  thong  caiHe  and 
regul.ir  lortilicat'.ons. 

The  c  ity  is  governed  by  a  richter,  or  ludgc,  and 
feven  efc  hevins,  or  aldermen,  wlio  judge  b'jtl;  m  civil 
and  criminal  matters.  I'he  richter  is  choCen  every 
;  _'ar,on  theeveofSt..\iidicwMcll.val  i  that  olhce  is  held 
alternately  by  a  citizen,  and  In  one  of  Mie  aldermen. 

The  chict  cluirch  here  i>  that  of  .St.  Nicholas,  a 
parochial  one,  but  not  verv  conlideiable ;  fothatwhiii 
theie  is  all)  public  act  of  devotion  to  be  performed,  it 
is  alw.ivs  done  either  in  tiie  churc'ii  w  liich  loriiierlv 
Ih  longed  to  the  leluils,  or  1:1  tliat  of  the  re(-ullc^"ts 
There  are  three  other  pantiles  in  this  city  ;  one  ot  vc  hie  li 
belongs  to  the  abbey  of  Nbinller,  ot  the  Iknedictine 
oidci,  timnded  In  Lonr.ule  1.  count  ot  Lu\eiii!)uig, 
in  the  vear  loS  i  :  betides  whicli  there  are  thicc  i;on- 
vcnts  uf  men,  and  as  many  of  maidens. 

.\rIoii  was  fo  named  from  an  alt.ir  facred  to  the  moon, 
which  the  ancient  inlaabitants  worlhipped  as  a  deity.   It 


lies  on  an  eminence, 


ii'ilci  from  JL'-N 


r:i>b:iig  to  the 
north- 


U 


I 


W'  ill 


I  f- 


«J6 

lUlVlil 


\  NIAV,  \U)\  W.  sM.  AUTllI  N'TIC  SYSTKM  or  UMV|-.KSAI.  (.F.OGR AlTi V 


well,  ;\ii.l  w.i-i  liirmcrlv  a  i"<)i\luiiT.il>li'  n 


ill  •,  thofc  parts  of  llandiis  which   l)i'l(»ni;   to  t!ic   Ou: 


[HoiiKil  .uul  l.iiuli'il,  Uir  !i,\th  liiui'  lultliwl  l>y  w.ii>,     '  ami  lli.ill  rclVivc  I'ik  h  ;i-.  .ipiHitam  io   Ir.iiuc  h.r  tl;.: 
;iiiil  Iniiuiirm.intlul.  !  fnliiing  i  haptc  r,  \vc  h.ivc  <);)l\  hen-  lo  iiivi,'l!i(;.iti.' tht»k 


n.illa^iK-,  luiMial  111  thi-  i:<';iiity  i>f  Chinv,  iic.ir  tlu- 


iWnU  <)U  II   ihc   lintTiigiUy   ol'  lie   lioulc  ui  Aiilhi 


l^  Id  will  iH'Dplul,  ll.l^  I'lu  h  .1  f;().>>l    ;  wlnrh  .irc  aa  I 


foivl\  111  Aii 

liaiic,  iiiul  is  lo   Will   tui.lt,    that   tiiv  pinplc  of  that 

*ouni 


loiiow: 


(il- 


cm,  llic  can 


.tal  ot  I  laiuU 


ir>  li^cii  niil..-  iniir. 


ry  call   it  I'aiis  in   Aulcniic.      Thcic  arc  in  this    |  cimilcrciKc    within    ihc    walls,    {ihoiij>h    not   aho\c 
titv  two  ciin\cnts  d"  ir.cii,  ami  one  ot  luaiikin.      Ii       halltliat  I'pai  c  i>  l)uilt  upon,)  is  28  mi!t  >  nnr.h-wrll  ot 


ullcis,  aiki  {{  call  troni 


(.>ll 


Cllll, 


Ih 


IS  I  itV    l:i    w;i- 


i-.  the  feat  ot'a  provolHliip,  coniaininj^  14;  Milages  or  1  Bi 

hanilcii  withhi  il.^  ttilliKt.     In  thisciiy  was  hoin  John  [  iciv.l   by  the  rivers  ScluKl,  l.\s,  i.ievc,  ami  Moirc; 

Heck,  a  man  ot  mean  cxtra^  lion,  w  ho,  troni  hciiig  a  nut'-  '  aiul  ihcle,  together  w  itli  their  '.juiuiies  aiul  (.anils  i  lu 

linger,  railiii   iuinlelt,  l>y  his   merit   ami  couia;;e,  to  [  tioin  ihcni,  ilivulciiie  w  hol(    iiuo    :(>   iliaiuls,  whuh 

tlu  poll  ot  iiiiarter-ma(lcr-j.',c!ura 


)|  his  Catholic  ma- 
ariiiics,  aiul  wa^,  iiiai.le}.;o\  emoramli  apt.iingeiic- 


liasc  a  commiinu  ation  w  ith  cicli  luhcr  [i<<  iiuans  I'l 


lar^;c  am 


li 


iniiiiHS. 


C.Ik 


11 


roi"iiv 


)!  th.-  ilucln  ot  l.uxcinhiii:;  :    he  wa.-.  killcil  at  the  i'   tieJ  hotii  In  art  an.i  iiatuie  :  it  is  at  once  leune. 


torti- 
l  an.t 


lattle  ot  l.c 


ns,  m  tlie  \c,ir  i(<4^ 


comiiiaiu 


M, 


irclic,  or 


Machc-cn-raii.cnc,  is  a  rniall  itv,  lirii- 


ieil  hy 


an  ini])orfant  c.i 


111 


anvl  the  iniiahitan 


can,  i) 


ateil  oil  the   little  livu    Ma 
the  coiiiuv  ot"  Naiuiir. 


itiinj;  up  the  lluu  es,  lay  the  country,  tor  a 


rrleite,  on   the   nonlcis  ot   .    mile  rouiul,  uiuler   water 


It   w 


.IS  once  lo  o 


pul 


ent, 


jccaiile  It  is  tliechiet  place 


It   is  called  Marche-cn-i''a-    I  jvu'.ertul,  aiul  populous,  ai  to  be  able  to  raitl'  tonii 


)t"  a  ilillnct  callcil    '  ileralJe  arm 


lamenc;  it  is  alto  the  Icai  ot'a  provolUhip,  which  has  j 
U)  villages  unler  it--  'n'lililiUion.   The  parochial  church,  1 
duiicatcil   to  >t.   KinioaUi-,  i^.  a  line  buiUli  1;;.     Here   ! 
i-acon\eni  of  Caicuhtc  monks,  ami  aiiothci  of  nuns,   1 
of  the  lan\e  orJer,  aiul  a  beauiitul  college,  whcicthey   1 
teach  polite   liier.iture.      'I  liey    keep  \e.irl\   two  tiee 
fairs,  (lie  the  Uc.imfilay  after  Mailer,  ami  the  other  the 
I  nil  of  .September .    :hi^  pri\  ilej^e  wa-s  grantet'  to  that 
city  in   i"i:,  b.    \I..\jinlian   iMiiainici,  duke  ot   lia- 
>'aiii,  wjiilll  he  wa<  in  polieilion  of  the  d'.ichy  ot  l.u\- 
cmbur;i. 

R>)i;l  e,  or  l\o.Iie-cn-.\rdciinc,  litu.i'.ed  in  that  ton II, 
is  one  ot  tl.e  ili-in;;  ll  and  bell  tortilicd  tovwi>  in  the 
while  province,  bcm;^'  lurrotin  led  with  llroii'',  bui- 
warks,  and  l-ro.ul  tiitches  full  ot  water,  thdt  comes 
from  the  rncr  Ourte,  which  -.uns  acrol's  this  city  ;  it 
la  alio  Jeleiulcd  by  a  calllc  built  on  rov  ks,  w  Inch  i  0111- 
maiid:.  the  town. 

In  tlic  mariiuifatc  of  Le  I'oiit  L)'t\ve  are  fi.\eral  fii  .ill 
inconlidcrablc  towns. 

'llie  .\u(hian  \  art  of  the  duchy  of  (Jelder-  loiitams 
only  the  little  cuies  ot  I'.iinpt  and  .S«aliit,  with  their 
villijre.s  and  leigniorie^,  and  the  llrong  tovvn  ot' 

Riivtmomt,  liiu:'.ted  at  the  coiillux  ot'  the  Rocrwith 
the  Mac,',  ;,  miles  fiom  Maellru  ht.  It  is  ihelaiy.ell 
town  in  Cicldirs,  and  t':ib|cct  to  the  aKhbilliop  ot 
Meelilin.  A  toll  is  ie\ied  here;  and  in  the  town  aie 
n;;'.n\  convents,  and  a  charter  houfc. 

1  i,\Ni.iKs,  properly    to  called,  is   bounded  oit  the 
cafi  1  ■;    luabant,  on  tlie  north   by   tiie  Ocean,    on  the 
welt  by  .Amis,  and  on  the  fouth   by   I  lenneji.ui  and 
Artois.     It  i.s-;5  Ml)  lea  long,  55  broad,  lira  a  good  air, 
anil   pi  rha[~s   ttu'   moll   fiuittul    foil  in  I'.iiriipe.     The 
popdation  I/.  fiK  h  that  it  looks  like  one  ciwitiiuicd  cil\. 
'Ihe    p:inci;ul    river>    are   the   .<i  held,    l.vs,    Sch.'np, 
nnd  Deiulcr.     'Ihc  llatts  conlitl  ot  the  nobles,  ctergv, 
aiul  commons.      Ihe  lirll  ( lal'-.  coiilills  of  eertain  ta- 
il.dies,  who  have  hereditary  ollices,  or  barouies;    the 
fecond  includes  the  billiops  and  abtiots ;    and  the  ihinl 
i^  formed  ot  the  dej)uties  of  cities  and  dillricls,  the 
inirgomallers,  and  peiilioners.     Moll  ot  the  Maiider- 
ki lis  arc  tat,  clumfy,  and  dull,  but  indultnojs,  honell, 
and  great  lovers  ol   liberty.     'J  lu   women,  in  general, 
are  fiir  antl   virtuous,  but  not  remarkable  tor  wit,  or 
the  ull'ectation  of  it.      Moth  fexes,  however,  are  fond 
ot  piiblie  diverlions  ;  aud  e\ery  city,  tow  n,  or   \illage, 
aliiuiH,  li;i.-,  .1  kermille,  or  (air,  in  uhiih  public  lliews 
arc  exhioitcd.      1  !u  manufactures  conlill  of  lilk,  wool- 
len, tapeltry,  l.ue,   i  otton,    brocades,    caiiiblets,  and 
linen. 

'1  his  country  had  counts  of  its  owi,,  from  the  4th 
century  to  1  ((.g,  wlwii  it  went,  by  m.irriagr,  i(j  ihe 
dukes  of  liu:gu;!d\i  and  .iiurwards  ti-oni  them,  by  a 
1ubn\|i;cnt  marriage,  to  iiie  huule  of  Aultiia.  l-rance 
I'li/ed  fome  of  the  loutherii  paits  in  lOO";  and  the 
ft  itrs  general,  in  |-i;,  obtained  tome  |)art  of  the  nor  • 
IJKin  diliricts.  'Ihe  arm,  ot  ihisi  .luntry  aie,  J  l.rjii, 
(>,il.:r,  1:1,1  i-iflii,  Or.     .Vs  we    have   .ilri-ady   dcfcribcd 

I 


lies,  declare  war,  and  oppole  its  fovercign. 
Ill  thu  city  the  tamoiis  emieror  L'iiarlcs  V.  was  bom, 
.'v.  U.  I  joj;  and  ita  tint  billiop  was  the  celebrated 
Janlcnius,  trom  whom  the  Janleiiills  take  their  name. 
Irom  the  tower  ol  ilclioit,  in  the  cciUie  of  the  town, 
there  is  a  molt  delighttul  prolpe  t  over  the  whole,  as 
well  aa  pait  ol  the  .id|acent  coiiiun  .  llercare  nnnv 
churi  hca,  hofpiiala,  monaticrics,  an,'  111  irl  it-j>laces. 
The  mai  ket-pluce,  (ailed  the  hridav's  market,  i>  very 
lar ;'e,  and  .idorned  w  ith  a  Itatue  of  the  emperor  L'hailis 
\  .  m  Ilia  imperial  robes.  Ihe  lladthoufe  is  a  noble 
llriicturc;  and  the  cathedral,  which  is  very  kipeib, 
has,  beneath  it,  alinccrypta,  or  lubterraneous  church. 
Hue  aie  50  i ompanies  ot  tradel'meii,  and  \erv  cuiioiu 
iii.inutaclories  ot  dotha,  ihilf;,  and  lilks.  Ihe  chut 
magillrates  are  the  high  bai:ill"-),  under  whom  are  bm-. 
gomallers,  eli  hevms,  and  counfellors.  Here  an  le- 
\er.il  t  anala;  m  pariKular  one  which  the  ftate  ol  I  ian» 
deia  (aulcd  to  be  begun  in  irii,?,  wlv.eh  leads  icj 
Uruges;  and  another,  which  was  begun  in  i>a|,  and 
linilhed  in  l.;()i,  whicn  leads  to  .-as-\'an-tihc;it,  and 
troin  thence  to  the  lea. 

The  inh.ibitaius  of  this  city  are  e.cceiimgly  fond  of 
ehimcs,  or  (  ai  ilioiis,  as  are,  indeed,  the  |H(i|)le  ot  the 
Low  CouiUiies  111  general.  Ol  thefe  caiillons,  .in 
ingenious  writer,  eminent  I  ir  In.  nuilic.il  taknts,  give* 
Us  the  tollowmg  dekKption,  111  the  aecouiit  ol  \\\i 
travela  ; 

"  1  detci  mined  to  infi)iii'  tin  felt,  in  a  ['.inicular 
liianncj',  coiuerning  the  i,niii  11  Icunce.  lor  this 
purpofe  I  mounieil  the  town  belficy,  Irom  wheiui  I 
h.id  a  tii'l  \icu  not  onlv  of  the- citv  ol  Oheiit,  wliu  h  i» 
lei  koncvl  one  ot  the  largt'l  in  liiirope,  b':t  i  ould  cx.i- 
mine  the  meih.inilin  ol  the  chiiius,  as  !ar  .is  tlie>' 
aie  pl.iyeLl  by  (  lo.  k-work,  and  likewile  fee  tlu-  c.irilln- 
iieiir  pcitoim  with  a  kind  ol  keva  (o.timiini<  .ituig  with 
lulls,  as  thofi.  of  the  iiai|)tirord  org.iu  do  wiui  llimg^ 
and  pipi-. 

"  I  loon  found  tliat  the  ch.iiiv.'a  in  tiicfc  coimrrica  had 

a  greater  number  of  bells  than  thole  of  the  l.irgel!  pe.d 

in  lingland  i    but,  when  I  mounted  the  l).  ll'rey,  1  v>jf 

allonilbed  at  the  great  (]uantity  of  liellsl  law.   In  limn, 

there  IS  a  complete  feriea  or  (i  ale  ol    lloiua  aid    Icmi- 

lloiic-:,  like  tho!e  on  the  har|ni(  h.oid,  or  oigaii.     'Hii 

cariUonciir  w  .is  literally../  :. '/lA,  and  hard  woi  k,  indee.l, 

It  mull  be:   he   waa  in  hia  iliirt  w  ith  ihi- 1  oil  .r  iin'au- 

jj  toned,  ami  111  .1  violent  lueai.     'I'hcieare  ;v,i.l,iU  cuin- 

''  munic.itiiig  with  the  great  b^lls,  ujicii  wliicli,  uitiihi- 

'    leer,  he  played  the  bals  to  lever. il  Ipiig'.uii ,  .I'ul  rather 

f.  diilii  u!i  air--,  pertormed  withtw.)  hand.a  ii|)(>n  the  u|>- 

I    per  fpei  lea  ol  ke;  n.      Ihcfe  keys  are  pioie.  iing  ttu  ks, 

!|  wide   enough  aluiuiei    l;>   he  Itruck  w  liii  \  loleiu  e  .uui 

I  velocity  bv  either  ot  ihe  two  tiani'a  edgev..i\  .,  '.uthoi:! 
't  the  danger  ot  hilling  the  ncighb. Hiring  kc\  ..  H".'-" 
i|  pl:i)c.  has  a  thick  leadier  co\e.r:g  tor  tne  litile  tin.;ei 
'I  ot  each  hand,  otheiuile  it  wouaI  be  im[X)lilhle  foi  him 
!'  to  luppoit  the  pain  whieli  the   \iolence   ol    the    llrol«e 

II  iieceilary  to  be  given  to  cacii  kev,  in  ordci  to  lU  beiii;', 
Uilliiutlv  heard  ^krou^I!:oat  a  very  laije  town,  rciiune-. 

I.  ••    Ihe 


li 


FA'ROrK.] 

"  Th-' wri 
this  country.: 
jMcaUll  peitei 
ami  I'erli.ips  a 
ihel',n.>liin,  " 
The  canlloiie 

Vcty  dexleioi 
treble  w  ilh  ili 
the  Ivils  with 
"  'Ihe  (ai 
Siuul  ly,  Mot 
an  liour  pall 
eiiiploMiunt 

kSOlk-  ot    t'le 

iHuier  the  Iv 
loll,  ur  i-  p!:i 
i.'ulilli2  lo  ill 
in  the  Neihe 
rillons  --xwA  cl 

''  'J'he  grt 
It  er  .rt.iiii- 
giving  iliem 
to  lie  11  II  ;   I' 
III. 11 1  .11  '.I  ea 
tiie  v.ilv(    (.; 
..'  a  Icr-i-fu'i 
I  '!  :   I'm'  I'v  I 
iiin.>  ii.ii  ..ui' 
I.;    a.i  1  c...,l 
,      ...:.      A 
b\  a  I..  ;!  J,  1 
f  .;r,e:        -,1.1 
(.  V,  A  h  ail, 
ah  1 1'  le  r.;  11 
U' 'thing  Ini;  . 

All 'it  is  il 
li.  I  ,  1  ei  .1111 
I  ir  V.  iiii  II  i' . 
.iiu  ur.tiv,  pi 
wliK  h  is  tlie 
the  IXmkr. 

It    V..I     I    M  IIU 


Coik  '.'C  \i  .1.  I 

ci;ir  liv   1- 
who  1  i.ni.d 
il  i;.i:i  1-  i,. 

11-,.  o,'..    1 

w  .01     ins  I 

()i:de   .lU 
luiro'.m'.^sl 
i:-.;ii',.e    w 
V.  II  1 1  er  !  n 

I    UtI,     lol!>.M 

('.,k.    ...    \i 
l-;.:Kh..-' 

duk/  ,1  \'-. 

I 


Ri  ;  1. 
S.  I  il.k 
Mti.a'. 

C    i;;l:.:\ 
tlK'.l'.li.l  i 
.Ue  ol    \\.  ' 
liiii  n  111   •  i. 
I'l  the  D'  Il 
ai'.d  iliiiu  m 

111    H.Hi; 
nioiikv,  .  ' 
Thcktti; 
Th..ir.a.   I 
laiiu  .  ;.!i !. 

l.'.i.i'in 
11:.  11!;.  1.1  t 
the  hliir.:il 
b\  ..rt  .uul 
.uid  the  S. 
No 


lorm  to  tiic   l)u'.i-'i 
III!  io   I  I'.iPi  r  li.r  tl-:i: 

■If  111  llU.lhj;.:!flhi>!(. 

tl  I'  lioulu  1)1  Aiilhi.i, 


; .  Iv-MTl  liiilv.-  in  I  Jf- 

{iI)i'iijj!i   HDi  alioic 

S  mill  ^  iiov.h-wi  ll  ol 

I  hi''  I  ity   i:i   w.i- 

,  I  icvc,  aihi  M'l'.rc ; 

>;h  lies  aiul  caii.iU  ( iii 

Kii    :l>   iluiuls,  wtiii  h 

nilifi  In   m.Miis  <>t  ;  1 

!U     I''     ItlOI'L^U'     Iciltl- 

.it  oiKc  kuircvl  .TiiJ 
(.•;  .111.1  chj  inl)abit.in''i 

ly  the  country,  tnr  a 
was  once  lo  opulciu, 
I.'  ablo  to  lailv-  tonli- 

OppDlc  its    IjVlfilgl). 

(  h.iilci  \'.   was  bom, 

p   was  tlu'  ivlehiMli-.t 

mils  lake  thiir  name. 

e  icntic  of  the  town, 

t  over  the  whole,  as 

irv.      I  lerc  iiie  ni.mv 

an-.'   iii.ir!a't-[)lace.s. 

iiii.i\  's  market,  i>  \ery 

oi  the  emj)ei(,ir  L'haitis 

llaiichoule  is  a   noble 

which    is  Very  1ii[ki!', 

l'Lib:enaiK'oUN  ehuivl:. 

InKii,  an.l  sery  curioiii. 

,  aiul  I'llks.      Ihe  ehul 

iinJer  whom  are  biii-r 

lellors.       1  leie  aii    le- 

vhuh  the  (tate   of  llan. 

iijij,    «!;:(. h   ieatls  lo 

as  be^';uii  in  i  ■;  >  t,  aiii 

to  >as-\  an-tilKiit,  aiiJ 

are  e-.ecei.iin;;!y  ibiul  of 
iiileeil,  the  |X(>j))e  ot'  the 
Ol  thefe  caiilloin,  an 
II .  iiuilieal  taknts,  nivei 
111   tile  aLLount  ot'  luj; 

nnUlt,  in  a  jnirticular 
II  It  leKnee.  lor  this 
jeltVcy,  troni  ".vheiKe  I 
eitv  ol  llhenl,  wliii  h  i> 
'.iirope  ,  b'lt  I  oulil  cxa- 
cliiiii.s,  as  lar  as  the" 
li!»ewilc  fee  l!ie  cunHo- 
\s  (OiiiiniiiiK  .ituij^  with 
'li  oilman  lio  w  lUi  111  ini;v 

'^  in  ihefe  coiiiitrie>  hal 
l!iol'.  ol  tlie  lat;;ell  peal 
inteil  the  1)',  llVey,  1  wa?; 
ol  hells  1  law.  Ill  flion, 
Ic  III  lloius  aiii  lemi- 
,  h.oiil,  Ol  o';;an.  'I'lii 
,  anil  lianl  \>  oi  k,  inilee.i, 
;  witli  the  <  oil  if  unl  lit- 
'I'heie  are  ;v.i.l.i!i  com- 
.,  i:p..ii  w  ',ii.  ;i,  w  iti)  111-. 
.il  Ipi  iL'.'.uiv ,  a:ul  lather 
a.)  I\uie!s  upon  tile  iip- 
ys  are  piouv  tiiiij;  llu  k>, 
ruck  w  It  a  \iolem  e  ami 
niiN  eiii;ewa)  >,  'a  ithoiit 
L'hb. Hiring  kn  >.  11^- 
iinp;  tor  tne  littie  lin.;ei 
ill  be  impolli'.ile  I'oi  him 
\  lolenec  o;  the  llroke 
V,  in  iijiiii  to  iLs  beinj; 
rv  lurj^e  town,  require-. 
"    riie 


Ei'Rorr..] 


AUSTRIAN     r  r,  A  N  I)  i:  r  s. 


"Wxc  tnriUons  ar.-  fiiil  to  be  oii"inalh  ol  Aloll,  in 


this  eiuintrv.anil  aie  llill  h  r  ,  ami  in  I  l>illaiiil,  in  lli 


iir 


j'.reatell  pel  tec 


il  is  I  tri  liiily  a  '  l^'ihie  unci 


ami  I'erliips  a  l>  nbiiou'  lalle,  whi  hniiihr  llii  I'  i  iieii, 
ihe  l-,n,!liin,  m  theli  ilrms  h  iv.imitat.iloreiiC'iii  ap,  1. 
The  eanlloiK'iir,  at  \\\\  reiiuell,  playcil  Icveral  pilee^ 
vi  ly  (l.'xicioully,  in  three  pans,  tne  llnl  anil  lefiiul 


treble  Willi  llic  IVNO 


liamh 


'H  the  Up /er  kl  ol  k. 


the  I  Mis  wi 
'•    11 


ill  the  kvl  on  t'      [ 


y  ,.u,. 


)eii  U 


n.nt 


le  earill  ini  ur  pi.n  -  ini.'  iiaic--  a  we, 
Siuiihy,  Monilav,  \\\ .  Ineklay,  aiil  Iriiliv,  ti 
nil  hour  |)all  eleven  till  tv.ebe  o'.  Imk,  It  i-  i 
iiiiploMiunt  lor  a  wateh  or  do.  k-makcr  to  atuiiil  ili, 
i\nik>of  the  conini  HI  cl'.inie-:  he  h  i>  an  apariin  m 
in, I    It    IS   bv   him    that  the  c.iri!- 


iiiuler   the 


belt] 


iii.-ur  I-   pliMil 


Thi^  till 


il  Aiit 


werp  are,  a,  - 


ilinn  to  ilie  inhabitant?,,   the   moll  telebialcil  ■  itk 


anl  pahap^  in  the  woikl,  lor  ea 


111  the  Neilieilaiul 
rillons  ami  cllinl.^, 

"  'J'iie  j;reateonveni  necofihi  kimi'.t  iiuili  i.,  i'  ..t 
il  ei'  L.t.nii-  the  mhabuanls  o,  a  wh  le  tn.s  n,  '.\  ii^Mri! 
ni\iii<^ihem  ihe  iron. 'le  ot  j;oMi ',  to  anv  pirthuiu  In  i 
to  hen  It  ;  iMit  the  want  ot  I'lni.ihiie;  in  ^■^'•■\>  ih.  \i- 
braipai  ol  eailibJI,  at  the  |  I  ..:'iia'  ol  ;h  j  '.'.ver,  !,!. 
I'le  valve  e.l'a.i  uiii.in,  .'.n.l  ih'.-  :vi!  I'l  >ili  in  ili  \.v  ..- 
u'  a  !ci;-p!ii.lui:i!,  isan  iai  -Lt  i'  k- ile'.  l  i  i  .,u!li.,.l  ,1 
I  I  :  I  If  bv  ilic  11  ■IC',  o;  oil.'  pal',.!,'  la.p  lu.lK  r  n- 
iiinji  iiuii.iiioih,  r,  i.\ei>  ,  !.iii  •,  is  iLailenil  l,i  in.  i:i  u 
1.1  a,i  I  C'KiluliiI,  .1  i  •  ■,  e.ilio  I  a  v  i  v  i!i.  ..'le.  .li  le 
)  ,o  1.  :\  io  t  e  . I, .!.-.■.,:'.  ill  ;;;  .  ni  tlio  e  «•■<: U'l 
ii\  a  b.  :\\\,  iiMlluai',.  in  r.i>  (>p;ia  n,  i  i;i  I  e  in  a  ■  ti  e- 
I  'Hie:  .,  Ill  'hi  .ir.,'.  ,  .f  ,  ,,1  li  .c  ;h  ;  i  ,  e  Mice  |.l  i^eil 
I.V.  -a  h  ail,  ihiiii.;  i  .,  ;..i)..l';,  .  i  .  1,1,  '\  a  lh;r..iu!  i;,i- 
a!'  I  I'lc  n' '.nn.i,  r.  ..nil  I'l  a  ki,,  1  ot  ;•  i'  nc.  whiea 
n  'thiiij;  Ini:  .i  I'K.iI  .'.'';   :•  e  o    I  .;; .  i  •.:'.  y  'jilo     ." 

Alr'.t  is  the  e.ipii.il  <'l  \\hat  i,  la'leil  bop'  ii'i  Man- 
li.i  ,  1  e^  .1111  \\  \\  \  I  1  lib  a  lue  aii'l  blip,  lial  tiiv ; 
|,ir  V.  ill.,  h  r- .il  ai  I'ne  ca  U  nt  blaiu!. is  ibieil  t'.'.nil'.lves. 
aiii  1,  r,i!y,  p:  iiu  i  ei  il  '  holy  eiiipiie.  'I'liis  i  miir  rv, 
wlikh  is  ilie  iiii'll  ..\\a  .nl  t'lliu!  is,  he-  l-eiweeii 
the  l)i.:ul,l,  the  .S.  le  M,  .Ul,!  llie  i'i,,,|iu.e  ol  1  laiMinlt. 
It  \\.\  I  iinuily  •  I  a  1  ue,.  r  I  .\te:r,  li;ii.  i'  .  r,:.;;neil  the 
1.1  I  ,■!  o,  w  h  a  i-  11',.'.  I  .i!,.'l  Dii!,  il  I  I  an  lis. 

II  le  .i:\  I  \ .  i.il  I  or, .  l.t-- ot  :;  ia:\  -.ikl  m:!;-,  ailil  a 
ci'l'i  ;>•  \i  !n  I.  ilu>  ti-.u'i  puiiie  lii.  1  iiuie.  rii'ive.iuii 
tiar  li,\  I-  til.  I  >mli  •>.  I'liieiiv,  ,r  I',..  ;  v  Mu;;;!, 
\\hii  1  loiKjIit  ill  ,iit  ■  I  I  :::; .!..',  I. ;l,e:' M  ;r.  f  i<.r '.,an\  : 
iniaa  1- i.,  llie  ,  hui,  II  !i;  til  i  ..,  nl  o  t  ,  (ii.l!.i.,ii 
n;..::!..  II.  \\a  an  i;)li'na:e  h  i  ii!,'t  i.  .i.r.;;^,  '.>li.. 
w  ,,)!     Ill:,  L,..i.ijh,  ul.ii  h  i^ ,  ;;.;i.iu  I  mi  I  is  ni.iiii. 

Oiale.-.nilc,  ■  r  ,\i:,L  •!.■:. le,  .i  'i  ,v  •,  ;;i;c'  ,  'e'l  .wy. 
lum'Uin.^J  i\  t!:e  S,  ielil,  ,s  l.i.ii  r.:s  1  iV  f..-  li  .1 
t..;il'..e-  wov.'  Ill  I'..  It  , nit  .in  ir.ii  \  c  'V.v"!  ,  ,iiul 
y.  lliUT  iie  me''!Oi.ib'e  111  liii!or\  |..i  ihe  icielir.uei! 
I  mi,  Uaifht  near  ii  bv  liu' iilae-,  loniui  iinleil  by  tin 
i''  k,  1).  ,\i  il'i.  1,111'  Il  an,l  iiiiue  l.'i'.:ii'e,  an  I  ili, 
1'  .  Ill  ii.  e'lniin.uulci  ',  tic  .Ink.  •  t'lii.reaml ,  an  1  I  lie 
il'.ik  ■  ■  \'in,liiiii,-,  III  v.hi.ti  tc.e  loim.r  oia.i.ncil  .i 
I  ,.:i  I  1     t  ^    a  11'.  . 

Ui:;  l.iii  iiile.  .11  i!,  in:i(lM\  ^irth  Rn;  le  '..iii;  :'". 
.S  I  el,k  e  1  in  u-.  li.r  ha\  m'j, '..is .  a  I 'ii  .ii  \"  <i.:..iil 
lMc!,i'.    r.lice   M'eil  ni.i!!ii.n:.'.l  I  ■ '11. 

(.'  Ill  ii.i) ,  a  l!'  ill  (.  ii\,  liiu  11'  il  I'-i  I'l.  l.,\  ,  u  a-,  il.l- 
niaiiik-,lb\  li.c  I'uiii':  I'l  1  ;.^.^.  Tii.  in  iii'.il.i  '  i.iis 
.111.  ol  U"oilcii  I  lollis  Mil  i,ibe-liii  n.  Til  cli  i  .i--  a 
lii.(  11  ni.'i'ui  Ch'rv;.Mr  M  niiiw  .  ib.iin  :i  'ah.v.iI  li 
t'l  the  Diitcli  111  '  7  :  5  ;  ;  1,1,  ai  1  ,  a^.,  t;  i  k  U'u  !i  k  i/.cil 
aiul  i.lirin.iniki.1  it. 

III  Ikaiiliein  .lie  .in  .'iv  ieiii  pii'r\  "t  I'ei  eiliciiiie 
nu'iiks,  ami  ,i  e"ii',i.iii  ul  Iiu  I  lii  i )  uiiiiiic  in  bin-. 
'I'Ik  !  ,ltcr  i\,is  f'  lavi  ,l,ii|"7  ,li\tl,,  r,  vcmul  l.iili  i 
'I'li.iiii.i  I  1,'ic.ii,!,  ili.I,,  o:  Ni>|.  Ik,  v.ii,i  NW.  Ill  ih.ii 
lanii  .  Ilk  I,  .mil  atii  i  wauls  i  r.  .unl  a  i  aiiii'i  il. 

l/Viuk'rm   ikU,   In   e.ilkil    tioin   i!    lin;  a  ,  n   on  lie 
111.  ulk  ol  the  re,  er  1  Jeiil,  i, :  ii  !  !  ■,  m  Moiul,-,  v.  liic  ■,  i: 
tke  l''kni:lll  l.lii,ai.cj,i-.  li_.;:i;iie-   Ae  ulit,    r    li'nii'  l   ii 
bv  ..rt  anil    n.ituie.     On   tlie  c^e'iUix   ,ii    lii,    Dei.'ii 
.iiid  tlic  Silukl  ll.nii.ls  a  l.t'.lc  lull,  i.uili  .ib,  ut  lii.  jcar 
No.  77. 


i-:''i,  by  ill'.'  priiue  of  I'arma,  governor  of  tlie  N"e- 


tli<  ilamis.   The  liiiiation  is  pita. an',  1 


)  HI''  liirroiim 


k.l 


v\iih  I  caiitit'ul  meulows,  waieied  1  y  iImIc  \\mj  riviis, 
whicli  render  tlu-  '\liole  uniiiiry  ri'iind  a'ln.t  veiyfrint- 
tiil,  aiiil  lontriboi, ,  at  ili  tame  time,  to  ilic  lheii,;iU 
ot  the  eit<  ,  isliiili  is  v.ry  \.i.ll  firiili.'  1;  lor  by  nie.nis 
ol  Ihiicts.ill  ike  11.  ij!,lii  oni  i.i;;  I  oiiiilry  can  be  laid  iiri. 
dir  wit.r.     It  Ins  4  Baus, 


luiurs,    I  0  ot  will,  !i 


are  i.f  lii.ne,  .'iial   the  other,  ol   tii;ili«.r,  and  ''   larcc 


Th  ■    l.oiik"'   ail. 
1  'f'tl 


cm  I  aviii ' 


ir.aik  i-pl  II  e  .  nr    ]  ii'ike   I  ,r  ir  >. 

1.11 :.',(,  11.  I'll  1  111,  .Ui  1  c.inviiiieiiti  111' 

a  e.i.i  d  bctoie,  and  Ihie  ijauien-   be 

drue^  a  pretiv   po'nl   Ir.ide,  .ind  li..  ineit!  a:.t^  and 

tradeiiiien  cni'iy  s.;ic.it  piiMlei,''s. 


d.     T 


le  town 


1 1 


l,r,- 


eie  are  here  tao  paimlilil  iliinthe^,  three  a.  bic. 
ot  niaid.ns,  aii'i  Icveial  mjier  reir^ious  hoiiies,  v.idi  an 
horiiiial. 


)  )i  nderni'in' 
I.   n  line  \ all  1  ' 


ail' I  II  ,  t  ;r.i  av,  wincn  e-nt  nil 
;iie  now  iioveuKd  b    an  hi   li  b, 


,  fix- 
lii  ill". 

In  ill.:  yi.ir  r  r^  a  eoun  rvnian  kniii'l  .1  iie.ilnre  te- 
IW'  en  Deiuleiiii'iiceaiul  Al-ill.  n  .iril.e  vill  1  -^e  of  XT  !'- 
nel.K  r.  1)  "L'.i'i"',  one  morniii;.',  in  lll^  cvralea,  Iiiirpi.Ic 
1  It  a  ■  .mil  a  hiiie  pi',  hielu  Imi  car;-  w,  in  •■^liuli  lie 
'.iiiiid  I''  ot;'Mpi  e-,all' civol  I  ..n!  !,  k,.iniieie!i 
't  tlie'li  aboul  t'e;  v.'lue  m  1  n'l.iic.  Th  '  were  an- 
I  .111  nciik,  a  ii'av'^'t  uiu,''  wci.  I  "lie  el  .'\iitonimis 
I'lii  ,  .\I..i\ih  Aui'iliii'-,  and  I-.!:ciub  Vtni.,  wkicli  he 
I  ''  :  to  1 !  f  I  uri'ius;  aii'i,  .1:11  nj,ll  'tli  1-,  10  ili-j  au  h- 
'li'ke  .Mb'i!,  '.' il  )  b  Hij^lit  a  cieai  iri,uiy  ot  t'lem  to 
eniii  '1  I'll  ea'  'iie'. 

r.iiiH  s,  .4  in  I  s  IV. >in  Ci'itnr,  aivl4')  11, im. Antwerp, 
like,  i.'  a;  :  eil.'.tioii  troin  a  chapel,  whicli  an,  ieatly 
li  1,1  li  leii  ..I  alui'l  e.  11  reaiere\eial  line  cana's: 
iheui'  1  ,  h  ■\evei',  aie  li  1  n  u.' ,  but  may  abviys  be 
put  ill  11.  '11,111  b\  the  ibi'ce  o!  ilieciiy;  yet  ilieN  arc 
111)1  lit  ,1  diiink,  or  I'l  b.  uk-.l  lor  t  ulinarv  pnipik-. 
The  oiik  ■.■■.ilei"  her.' pr  'pcr  I', ir  domel'.ie  ii!'. ^  ai  ■  liich 
as  are  I  I'o'ight  by  ]  ne  tV  -ii  t,,e  L/,  -  and  i^.I.ckl,  t T 
w!  iih'.  vw  hoiik'  Y-V    .1  pi    11  .1    oi,.i,i'ia\. 

U'-i'l'i'v  ,■  :  ,.iiei  i.tly  ,ui  op  il  lit  an  1  i.np  I'lant  city, 
.iiu!  h.iih  ll.il  ih.  leiii."'  't  17p.l1.  ,  u!i  re  t'l,- 
n:.'  ,',■  1  111.11--,  I'li'iil,  t.-oai  d  iieieitt  n.iiio  1  rrii  'ed, 
i  ;  il  01  wlv  h  !  a'l  eiiliiiit  11  ul'es  niigiiili. .  ink  buiii 
v\  It';  le.ii  li  .uic^.  I.M- 1 '  e  .11.  reli.in. i  /..^  the-,  i  \p  ;te  I  m 
iilp.iri.d.      Ti'i-  I  il  /   lis    wer.     Ill    poueiiu!,    Ill  le  d, 

1'  I.  il.v  iiniMi;  ii  .1  ileii-  li'v.rvioii  t^..-  ar  !i  Ink  • 
.M  U.ii.i'i  .a.  T.I  .  iiy,  lui-.Vv  vcr,  liatli  bee-i  I'lr  in  iiv 
.  ,.^  I.;  .'1  li.'il.ch.  ;  y.i  I  -lei.ii  rich  mei  ',.i'its  lllil 
ic;,  1  nei.,  w!i,i  ni.e!  ikiil;,  111  liie  gie.it  iiiai.M  i-pl  i,  e, 
wli;  hi  ives  ihcni  i:.  Il  II  i'l  .ill  ..\  'iiige.  It  ,- I'i'.'f'eC 
I'l  a  I  lib  ip,  .iiliii"4.ni  to  t':.  .ire  1  iiii.'p  o'  M  Mia; 
.111  I  I'e  '11.  .e  eon. .'ill  lb,  tlii-,  V  /..  liiiin  sS  .is, 
Oib.n.l,  D.anine.  Mi  i.ii  'aiCi;,  ,iiil(\.,l  iil,.,i.h,  1  .1 
;  ,  i'l'r'iu  .'.lis,  \iii.n.!,.  s,  ami  h am'.!. .  1  li.  ati  e 'i.il 
A..>  1 ,1  cie.l  111  ilfij,  an  .  I  alia  (i'ltiii  biiiiii",;.  i'lie 
ihi.ich,  d'.ilic.i;..;  t,i  the  \  ,  UMl  Mliv.  .',  .11  .le,;  nt 
•tii:.-i  ii.e.  and  li.i  .ill  .  i  le  o!  Inch  .ill  he '_;' I,  1  11  11  is 
1 -Ul  .It  I  .:  oil'Oie.ul.  It  C'aitai.  s  i\v.i!-  'in  ,,,i  io 
111  ii'im  ins  o'  <;ili  i  ipp  r.  i' e  0.1  "I  C'  '  i  ^  i!:e 
1  I  .1  '\\  duke''t  IJ'.ir^iii-d  ,  ai  ,1  I'.i  ,  lier  o,  ,\!.i.\  i  is 
!i!i-iiier.  Anioi-ij,  ih.  nirii.i  I'ls  i  u  iiiue  in  die 
Iieinn  olt'isilnii  h  .'I'.-iii  r  eii  \  •.  lb,  em  .1  I'lio- 
aiis  i-B  ,k,l,  ,iie'  i>i!ln'p  111  C  n  .ib.ai  :  il  i  ,i.ro 
,111,  b  .doi  lie. I  Willi  1' '.111, Mid  .  Ill  '  all!  1  piei  loii' ll  lies; 
.11  id  ,,  ere  piir.  Ii,i:.  d  .  lu!  |  i.  .en  .  d  i,i  this  .  Inncii  ,it  t.  e 
lime  ol' ill.  R  111, ,11011,  b.  .\l.i,\,  liiei  t-ii,lie.in- 
peroi  Cli.al  .  \'.  Hiii;:^..  e  iiiam-.  cmi  a  bie  ,  and  a 
I'l, at   number   ol    laiiiii.ii  s,   caivent.,   N  c.       In   tiic 

I  \iiiii;,i.  an  i.iive'ii  1  a  vti  y  cm  'lis  piilpit ;  ihe.xo.al 
ulncli  flip]  I'ltN  ill,'  t'-p  is  I  Ul  in  the   manner  ot  1  ,pe--, 

II  .1.1  u  cd  .1-  111  li.  The  Carth.iiian  iini.iad.rv  is  ,1  in  le 
in  I  111  111:  ;  and  111  lii-  ilnirca  belon.in,.;  t"  t'eC,.i'- 
iikIiusis,;  i  (.11111  ul  111  mriuni  t,'  ili  ir.e  ii  I'v  of 
II  lu-i  Jemoii,  Ci  1  ol  i)  A  i.  il  .t  ill-  I'.i  :i  ;i  'I  lo 
,v.  1  1  .l'e.\  ni  i:  e  c  tv  .s  1  lie  I  )uiu  >,  01  1 ;  e  oi\'  1  oi  .Sf. 
1;  1.;  I.!.  It  ci.nn  i  01  t\,o  el  ll  1  ,  !>  I .  e  .1  li;  '  e 
,.,  1  l.iiaptoii-Coiii;,  witlii.vc,i',  laiil  i.so.'a.i,!.  The 
.11'. 'ca'   .a',iitm,r.t  i?  seiv  111a  ;ailin  in  ,  .iildt'io  eoi  the 

1^  C  iicnks. 


\m' 


I  .il 

,1    i 


'If 

i 


'  .1 
It 


V 


u       I 


'U! 


83S         A  NEW,  ROYAI.  AMP  ArTfirNTlC  SVi^TlM  ok  I  -IVF.'.ivXr.  M.nr.RAI'HV. 


monlis  ill  the  il  'illcis,  v.rv  n.  it .  tliry  ko  p  a  lump- 
til  ni.  i.ii>!c;  aiul  hive  oui..tr\  U  its  i|.  pciul/.i;;  >•!)  tlic 
a'.'Ihv,  wlv.'iviliey  ^o  loamsil'-'  ilicml-lvf. 


ArsTni  AN  1 1  \is/»i  i.r,  or  1 1  «vrr,\i',hi  TUti- 
iIt-I  .  the  ni)ith,C'il-lp.t:':ic.m>l  I'i- ,  I  1/ totlic  r>',itl;, 
Hflmii    t<  the     il,  .i!ul  >.'.;.ni.-  .tii  I  I.'c^.f  1  <  th^r 


Of  [he  livm-,  .-.mrnvn  s  h.u-  ;i'V  iw-  Kn  •Mh  ;  -ne  ..f  |  w.H.     If    .-  4^'  ,ni',-s  I..",-.  4;  br  «■!.  fn.it.ul  in  [m'. 

„ii.u1ii-.   \vh.)  ireall  lOi 'lilMulic  of  mi  .liw  .  wli  )lc  I  ium  c  an.l  .■..vn.  lirLT<I- .ilMnlimr  (>■  Muk  rvtU-  m 

rurrn-,  iii  --U.  ^v.t    l.ulv  I.iuv   11  iS.ii.  ulU-r  t..  1  llu-p.  i<  ^v  lln.u,p,l  Ai,t,  m  .,.y  ..-,  is  :im.1    i'''   ''  ' 

llie  ihik   .11  r-^;*.     Thi-  nii!i>  .•lU.a.iin  ilr.iiv/.cr    at  I  .ih-mmls  '.Mihtinr.  r.  .    <1-,  rTi,  I.  ;  !,  nur.>lf.  (hi  . 

I'eiiMfw'ih  I  ..vmK.t-.uul  wine.     Thr  .rier  F.iv.v  .''v  •.     In   Ipir.tii.iU  it    1    h,,  .  .;   r .  ;!.  ■  '.r  h  Mil.  •;<  ... 


liih  miiine.v,  i  .ilL\l  the  lMi...i!v,  i.  >if  .t  llri.l  .r  oii-l.r. 
an.l  L-uirei  I'.vN. 

There  .ne  f  w  eilii-.  w"'  ;■  t!:v  p.' ir  :tnil  oiphniv 
at-  f,.  wcl!  11'  !i  I'.i'  "t'  .1"  111  i'"i-;  I'l  h^re  :iie 
l',\\r.il  hii'V'ttl  ,  .111.1  nilicr  I'uire-,  lor  1  heir  in.iitue- 
ni;i(.\'.  A;ii'>:.'il  i'ii'le>'>(rei-<iii.  >.»1I  'li'ie  l.'ioilnt 
t»ie"Hiv"V->^l-'  0-  •■'■  "'  ''"■■  ^'■^'"i'''''  I  'ii'i!-'l  'II 
t'u  \c.".r  ^4!  1,11  \\iieh  1  ;■  ..riilnn  ilo■.^  .u-ee.hi  .1!  I. 
..u.l  Inou-lii  Hi'  iiili.r  l'>  1...  ii.i,' >M  to  Ibm- tr.i.k'. 
aeeirJiii.;  ti  t!ie..-  c,  iim-  or  ituliiKition.  Thev  aie 
(li\lll.i  in  cl.ill.  I. .it".,  h'.'l  '.  ••■lii  11  i"  i'lonn.  ipc!ti;e 
ot'ier  ir.lt'i-e.i;  ■"■'I  i!'---  ^^■^"'  ll"  c<;' ■     'rii^r^'K 


h.is  pi-oiiiifeiir.Vvi.ii  l..ih.)ps.  .'.  .'o;-,  :in.loM  i-lniii 
v\    chTiivinen,  "hn    hive   t  '.    1  ;i    pule  in  llicMii 


thiirgraiiiiiile,  i  y  le.ui.iv'  ihi 
reh'«nl 


C'.mliMv,  .1:1.1  t:i  ln:li  [■  t  1  .i  •_' •  .'.ri'l  Ai  1  .  Tiie 
1!  i-  %  loiiil  '  !•!  ih  liv'V,  11  I'l  '•■■,  :iiul  loirii  11--. 
I  e  ;\'!u»  lie  I'uur  !,i  "1  ii  .".  Ivil  ,  U..  TlC  pii:,- 
.  I  "I  I'l.Kf  •  .i:e, 

M-tiS  the  '  ipii  ■.l.vv'"',  \i<'  '.n.I  iin  t'.i'iiver  Tr.  iiii!.'. 
;r,  I  i  lir;'e  ■■.n^l  w.  II  f.  ■.i>(i'il.  Th  I'u'  iie  lirii.i'.iii '  :iie 
111  !i'.  ihe  Inulilia.v  in  v',rti>'nl  iiuullotne,  :iii  1  tlio 
ilr  .!>  'p.uioii^.  'ITiis  pi  ice  liis  TDine  trSvlr,  p'.'li.w- 
Irlv  in  w.)  IL'H  Itit)',  ot'  wliieh  I. ere  .^re  miniili'- 
i..rie-.      P'hie  lit.  i.iMiie  is  tiii^ht  'ii  I  w  1  en'l  jv  >• ;  I  c- 

\u\   \\\'  :    ■!  IkT.'  V--  !    ■  •■  i  ll  '    i.iV'  lit-  .11"  I  mil. IK  II'  s,  |iul 

an  ili''i>.     .St.  \V  HI  !i  iM.   !i  I.  r  |.>   (lie  <  .l..l'Mieil  M. 
.\l  le;)ii.i|e,  f.n:iV-t   .1  e'.nt  !   r  ..rein.i.m  U'.i   !u;.'. 
Thi-v    ir.   I ;  in  luinilicr.   i:.,:'  ;  pi  e  ih  i.-  n  tul;''.  Iiy 
ii.tur  .- 1  I  .v.l  .rn  ll:.u  i     1 "  .l.'/e.  nt-,;».i.l  .'.le  in  tii    ■■■.  ii  :•  ": '.i  "t  tiie  1 'V  i'.'  .■,■1. 
'    I'l  ill'.' nioji'iv' ih  '•.mm;'  hi   ...i  .':v  lit  itfrvi.  e  111  ili'.ir 


Th"  (Ir-cf-  or»;-i!s;es:'.rel';  •.'  iiv!  1'.  i'-.   aivi  iluu  1  '  it;.  U' al-.  In.  ,l,ii  v  ■  l!u'  r  il  ot  iV.-.Iu  i!i  v  ue  ,il- 

ar.-   ;L-.er.il    line   i\\lv.x-^.  o-t-  ..t   ■.sh>'.  h  .ai'ei  i  I    •  .-  h.niu  !  ■  a-,  ili  '   p!:  afe.  .i.:.!  .i.ii.i;.   i' ieUv.  a; 

I'ViLlv'smaikc -plaee,   vvlieie   (!■<   i-re'.t    liiett^   i  e".ii  i  ili.  \  ihink  pr  per.     ^                          ..■.,.          ,. 

ihitleulina   nr.iit  hue  10  the  li\    pii'uipvl   nit  ■.  o!  ;  M  i1,.:.i.hi  .t  h  a  vill  1..:  •  .a  >  ".1!  eu -.t  "rle-.  tr  ini  !hn 

ih    .iiv.   Ai  .meuiaotthi-  tiinir- ll  iiuNa  line  lU'  pk  ,  '  .Jv,  \vhet<',  .11  i-  -•.  liie  I-.'.'Ik'i  ir-iv,  e  .niiia"l.  il  I'V 

c"  ilpOii   !i,  sv.lli   a  .'.:;i  "I    >liMi.'  "I   I'eil-.       I'lu   ,  :' e   lunili.ils   Vin'i-    .ml  llni.i.-i-,  «."va.i.i  kcl   in 

ii-'uiieis  ail  line-!  '.villi  l^veral  r.-.v-  ol  lues   ''•iiieh  .il-  1'  'H'  iniik  iiUieiie.nn  i.'.  ,  ami  u.iialy  ik(ea..e.l  with 

f.ir  1  plA''i:it    walk-   |.)   the  iir.a  iiani  .      Th,- I'piaie  ^  |.m.  .vt  ll  in '.'.te: .                                          ,,    ■       -    ,     , 

I  illia   th.-  H  11'',.  Iro'ii  the  calll.- ..t  ill'.!  'vii',   is  lui     ;  Rivox  'l  mils  m  a 'riri'n!  I   1'.   is  w.ll  loifli  .'.,  hii 

r...:i.ha  wi;li  iiviiiv  line    ••lillei's.      .S.v.'i.il  i.uirl-ol  '  I' \>'i  il  villaj-.t    v.uiiin  i,  -  iii.i    l.l.'ii,  ami   beil  nv     on 

iulH..- a;e  h'.ie  helvl.  .1   I'lit  "t  ill  ■  mi     bit    ■  t..r  tin-  |  I'.ie  l.o'iL- ut  i."r.)i  tl.i- :  i:!i"  Kail. 

citv     ihat  ot  the  libera    .1     15,i:.',-.   I'lit   o:   ili,    pi.-  1  N    'i"  S  ,1  ;  ue  ,  a   t.ii.ill   ei,-.,   iit.iu  .1  on   ilieiiv  r 

vo'.llliip.-.ii.i  chapter,  ami  ih.- ta-!iU  ...i; I.     Tie.-     .  i-  |  S  .'.n    vie.    n   I'l     hi  1  ■     u .. .  1   e  i;l  .|    I'lv    W  .  .,1   ot_ 

n'-ti'hiiesaic  u  'o'.l.na;!  1  .'ition  ibi:!"-.  iii'.<,  1  vie.lu  '.  "^  .i'.-'ii.   ,  whi  Ii   iiin.l  11  >t  be  hm''  I'.cn  |.)r  ilie  •\'>  ■  I  '-l 

linen    a-i.l  lace.      In  Iiiumv,    i4;o,   I'lu:  p  tlu  ( j  .o,l  |  .S  ...  u-,  which   i.nii  hl.uv.i,  a    1  limb.  ,11  li.ibi.ii, 

inil.t!i'a!t".  oacr..f'ihe(;.)lil.n  I'le.c.  n.arHmiris  .vul   H.:!.     ■nurc  .i.e  in  (In  .  1 1  v  1..H1- 

r-"   ■,  on  ihe  Ip.iKe.    i>  .1  biiri  r  ii..vn,  lii  nat  ■.!  in  1  vcnr,  a   p.nnn.r\,  a'l    h   ipii',  a  i-l    .m    1   I'l' •   o    Mi'.- 

r.  iVuilicreoiintrv,   han'ir.ni.lv  buib,   a'vl  the  k.' o'   ai  i  iih-r- .it  the  "i  i!..i  v.   ell  i  i!rli  .1    11    1     ■  i,   11    '.vhiJi 

i".i,!iop,  r.-.ia.'an  10  lliea;\'ibilli..poM-  hlin.      'IT     ,  lli.v  oe  ;ri  l..  lei.  h  p..Iiie  hi   1  iin  c  i;i   ';■•). 

e.inveiits  chiu'ehes,  .ami  h  .:'pitals  ;i;-c  n.;;nec.u  .  a:i.|  (  -Sr.  (.luiun,    .,    S;.  ( i  1  ll ..  1,  1    p-'  :..  U    ..'  bv  us 

tlwmanulad'.iiv- .ire  oMllk  .i.kIu,  .)'..                               j  livuM  m  ..n  i':       .nk    ..I  tlr- : ..  .r  H     :,a.i!..     lii- 

Nc'.v.  .It,  .1  ili.'ii^  !'.a-p>r:    t'.'.vn  on  t'.e  ipei'e.'.   i~  I  niiilh      ih  t  in; ;  ■,::i  !   it.      1     '   l.t  : -.  ..j  .S.y.i.i^ .  •  :V-1 
oncivale 'io'iit'. el.  a.  ..:;>!  nine  ti-o:ii  0  '    il.      b    h'- 
b  nir   ;■  loi.  r.iblv  .   >.'  1,  an.l  1:     .';   n  "h   ■  .i:iiilb  m  r 


'cv 


t  11 1  ;'i.  i"    n    11 
ii.  .  ,  I    I. 


II  1:1.  c  , 

i.n  ie;  v,  ,\i  1 . 


I'  h   .11  ;!.  ■   i.'-.in  iv  :  .  ri'l  ;ii  r-   b     l.u  ' 
It      .-.I  '.  -1    l-.'.    I'l  (.  .'r.  '.■i;'    r-  1  ;n  i -.  i',- 


tene  .  pi  ti  '.1.  Iv  "'.-  ..I  \'r..;\:\\^  <■'",■  .:■  .;i  In  ■, 
In  til  :it  ih'i.iu.'  .J  '  1  .'.  i.un  .'i.  bml  ■  v.  , ,  t  .i  '1  ■:-. 
VI.:,  ;  i.'.een  ■.'.-  aur  "■  ihe  ll  v  -.  ■•,. '.-  ■  1  11.  I  ih 
Spaniiiil  ,  in  w'.kh  l'-  l..i:er  ^\ri  .it;.  ,  I.  Tl,, 
elii  tl'.l'.n-fs  .  I  ih.  ii.h.l'.ilaii.-.  .'.  I'.p  lik;^,  i.et- 
nia'sinj,  an  1  tl.hin  '.. 

Oiicn  1,  .  I  n  h!i.n.k,  a  f.a-;-  n:  i  '■■vn  in  ih    hi  eit\ 


•■ ;, I  1  ..   mv.\:  r 
li  .;  ■,!  It  t  1 1'.f  ^/i;i  '.:  !■ 
.11  I   "i  lit   .n  ill  1     t  ill'.  .' 
mi  -III m  ,   '. .  ;.  .1    n  .1  .0 
I   '/•   I  ;.    a  ',  ii;i,    11  .1    t' 
S.i;  i:    ;in  I    1    .'.    r  ',    1'. 


I  •  1!  I!.  I'll  !■■  n  :i, 
ll.l  1  ",  ...'it  111  '.  S.  I  ■- 
\  t '  1 . ■  ;  1 .  I'v  . .  N  ' , .  ."■;., 
1  Ml  1  r.  I  .1  ;  I'l  1  I  I  .1- 
. ')  .1.  .'i  .  r  ■  i'.'.  .1  '1 
,",:  ■,  .  t  (  M-:.  II,  k.  :,  ..■ 
1 !!  r   e  1  I  ol   ill         ir   ;  73  i 


t!i  .■  .(!:,  .r  .  i  A  ll,  ..■!  :'ic  ,.i;-!  ..I  :'  •  .11  .(  ,  '•■'■^  t 
v.ii  ■  .1  '.'Ml' ni^-n;  r  .11  hi  '■  r  ilM;  b..;  I'l  ■  b  ■:  h 
;.-t  ...^  i:  at  v  lii^  .I'.ir.  .S.;  -.eii'-i-,  tin.'  1  lii,  |-"-i. 
l'  I'    ii'h       I.,  ik  1;    '  '  i"i,   iii!  e   .sl.ie'i    !i  ;i'.'  ;M    h   11": 

c.t'  IJ:  1  t",    .   1    wdl    t'liKiea.  a-i  1  !:;•:-     I  in  a  --iri.  \    (    ..!    -XLihi.i  li.is  i..i,,u.:M  a  u   'iiiemipie'  1;   in  [. 'li  :ii-.:i 

I' .il,  by  lir    i. '.nils  ihvi'i^h  ■.■.!.!(   1  illip    u'vimIII    :i    1     i    >.l    I 

buia.n  niav  .i;>pi  'leh  the  kit'. .    Ma.'  l!i  .   j,    bm- liii 

r 


^^^ _ ^    __  _^  'li     Mil    i     I'.  1,  .(I     \  ,'■    I',    .'.'e;.    ol'  15  n    'I'i.e 

■  uia  ihe  >  iiy  ;   an!  the  haib'.iM  1-.  ()•  I'.it  nr.  ire  Il.ii   |    ir,..   '.  ,  t..;in  I.  1  ;.  u;  in  ih    \    o' '• , ' .   b.'.   ^i.i.i.il.i:.. 


it  I  ;ri  I1I.V..  I..'  (.nlirely  b!  'ikeil  up.  1'  ■■■-  .  i'.  i;<.  0 
u  ,!  luiinil  the  S]..iniaras  IV  .111  jiil  ;,  r  ,  i..  S  p 
t  in'..(.r  i-,  i'.  4.  .|iiri:i.'  v»'\i.  h  lini.  ili-.y  1  \  .'o,-.  ■ 
m  n;  ami  m  ih  eilv  50.0-  ^  ptriih  .1;  ,,:i-l  -d  ,0  ■ 
C'.an  )ii  balb,  oi  ',  '•  ;b.  wt.  e,n.!i,  "...le  Inc. I  a^i  ,.1:  it. 
T,;e  .j,;eal.ti  i.ie  .iiv.  n'c.iv  c  atlenaii.j,  h.  1  ;.  n  ;>.  v.'i: 
!ia..ir.'  11.. il  .■..■.t.:i,  tin:  ne.  ell'irv  am  r.b.r:^  bMi;^|,i 
in  Iv ..11    ii.iin  Brii'^e-^. 

T..'vir!i;-  1-  ..  '<:■'.'.■  ira.li!i.'  ])la.  1',  nri'l  lanviii-i  hn 
r.vti.il  111 -iv.l .  :■;  ,  pa.il  -.ilaily  t  I  al:;.  ;  ibl  Ibii  k- 
in-  .     The   ..i-'.r'r.l   .l.i.rch,  :i'r...i    tl  e   abb  '    "I  Si. 


.1  iMim-  oi  <.i  .  ,  ■..il  .  I  lii'l  I"  hae  '  -.v  1  a  ',  iiln-p 
'llie  .nip  r  .;  CliirK'-tb,  f;.eai  e  .1 1'-;...  .1  1:1  :e\  ".I'J 
.1  till-  :-.'.)liv,  :1:1a  .  :;.,  -a  a  m  ll.  1  iie  111  e'.ii'  h  L.  I'e 
;  iiM  ihi-r.  :'  he  -.■  e.  e  :it  the  r.ni  1  .'.le  lli  ■  I,  ir....  '  .11  I 
!■  1  n  ii::l  loraibi  I  lli  eily  to  lb-  a'..  .; ,  wl,  .  1  alio 
ibb   I  ]iti:liale  ..ill   iiianll. 

I.  hi.,1.- il.iiia  1  1  a  b  iuii'il  p'  i'l,  oniiie  1 -lie  ii\er 
I)  I.  1  :■,  n  ;ir  t'  e  In..!  •  ol  Inn  I  is.  1  -le  aie  i:i_ 
ibi'.  .,1V  oe  piiiih  (!,'..  ll,  .  ih  ip'iil.  a  e.invr.u  ut' 
I)  'iii'ii.  m  i.;a.-,  an  1  a  i..;:;:-.'. .} .  h  is  la;r.o:,s  loi  11.5 
111    iiiC.i  '1.11 1    .1!  linen. 

C 1 1.  Mis,  .1  111  lai  e  t'  ,  lib. 'It  nil  ■  nries  .lilbiiit  .1  'in 


IMarlif,    aic   \ei'.'   ;:i,i'',nil.' c  a    lirii.'iiri   .      T..11111  y 

was  i.ik'n  b'.  the'LiU;  .  I'l  17    9,  bin  re.l.a  toihc  l|...ilr  |    Mun  ,   b  111  ■    ::n   .  p.n  pla  ._■,   h  i- l.,:e;ea,   v..y  luucli 

ot  .'\i.l;i:a  In  the  lr..uv  ot  l'::   .  ht  ;  tli.n.i    h  lb  ■  D'lt   '.  |    am  iii'.',  ihi  w.ns. 

Il.'ll,  or  liaie,  .111  ihe  Si 'hv,  le'.en  ni.l..s  '  'U 
Hiull  Is,  is  :..ni  .11  ill,- :i..  imi  <-i  lb.  \  11  'in  M  ni , 
ciilhiniea    in  "jj.l,  vMiliau^.wi   ol'  the  lame  on  ihr 

la,ia. 


put    in  .1  girriion  ai  i'l-iiii   .;  .-   ■!  m:-  b-iii  1    i.iun-; 
b.it,  ia    174;,  the  i'l  .nLli  u.'sit ^Llli'^a    [I.    lui-ti!i..a- 

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i:n;oi'r..i 


A  IT  S    r  R  I   A  N       I    I,  A  \'   I)  r.  R  S. 


8  J.; 


Ia'..l.      Ill  <ini' hin  I   1'  iini:m'^'  of  O  II' *^  i»  iD'.ir,  in    ;  i'..iS,  L    lli-tratyii'    Aixl.i-Ciunr!!-',  .'iii  !  rc-'t.ii,.! 

tlic  "ilicr  .1   r  I,' i;ilt.                                                            ;  c>«  tiic  Sjiin  ii.l  by  the  pfi'  •  "f  Ninu- 'ji.-ii,  in  i '■    '.,  lu 

Hinih,  limit  il '111  ill    r'lV  I  I  Ii  m,  i    a  i  .im  i 'nt  iml    i  ifi;;tlu'  rroo' li  l)..in'iii  Ic  1  tlli«  plui.';  aniilu'.n  xt 

pl'-J'ini  rify, 'i  iil.  i'»  a  iriii.:iiU'ii  i:i  I'V,  \li!i 'I  iM  )  I  u|,    i  ve.ii"  iliw   lu  il.)  vn  li  I  hl-  it  w  iIi  a  iui  ii  r  m-    it, 

I'l  .lirii'.iii    M.n.'.   "I'l  th-'   .111' i' M'.    .vliil.urn  .  :|i;  inir  jiiis  il  •  Vi  li'Miv  ■  i.ry  i.»  .m  ilu  I)   ■  ■,    >  i  lit 

'I''n-  I'lcn  li  l>  ca  iic  HH'U'K    >  i  .i    ci'v  in   i  .  . !,  Iiv  tin- ntrili  il   nt  Lii\i.':nliii,'j  .  ovi'i'Cil   it;|ii    !;  i  ;  ;  r 

ilic  II'    "1  1    a'tiili'.it'  ilie   ti    'IV  "1    .Xu-li-^lniitl'i.';    ,  Willn.n,  .mil  ill.' cl 'Oiir  ol  ill.' .:ii,    tin  bci  ig  ,'    .i  j; 

a'lcr  wli't'li  t'lcv  r.'l' HI'    I  it.  a-i  I  il  Ic  1  I'mc  nciv  It-  '  I'n.m;!!  (d  itta;  k  tli  "ii.  iliey  ci-'ri.'.!  tlic  t'Avn'  by  liii- 

titi'i'.i  >  I.;  I'ltif  vi-ri  1.' I  nil  iiiiili   lu'ii'ip  lit  Ills,  1  riMvlcr.  at'iT  a  jiiUaiii  ik-m  .''■»■  th  ■  iij.injui'.  deCil- 


aiili'i'-'  1  tlli  U'.i'i'  li'.' iv'i'il)  ■  I.  Il  IV  i ,  I,  il  in',|  I  I  t'lc 
S, .1  iii.'il  b''  til  '  I'i'U'  .11  Si  11  ..;. It'll,  liiK'  .  lii-  li  tin  ■  it 
lia^    "111  1. 11 11'.  I  11  I'lC  |>  I  I    il'iii  ol  I  lie  II' lire  lit  .\ii'''i'i.i. 

Ai  a  ml  111  I  I  II  I't  I  'I  I'l  ■('  Imni  H.iitli  ll  ;n'.!  ill ' 
jili'ii'V  "i  II  1 1  H'  !'•  jiiT  III  ',  .11'  ( i  1  .  I  11  .;. ' :  n  1^  ill  1 1- 
bit,.l  1.'  I'.i  mk  .11  till'  ml..'!'  .>t'  l*r.i'i;ii)nlli'.»ti'nli'  : 
and  in  111.,  ii.'i '!i!i  I'irl  .o.l  lli.-i'c  i--  ail'i  ni  a 'b>'N  n 
Cliili'r  nil  win'^,  call.il  tli.'  a  ii'-'y  m  lie  TOivc,  iir,  .)l 
ttii'OI  V  . 

I!i  I'li-I,'  (' nil'  ',  I.  .ril'.ii  1.1  iliiri.v'iii'li  il  I  "II 
Bi '.'I)  l.ii  II,  Hill  \'>'auici-i5i '.in.  ,  t'..)  b.ir.i'i'ii.  in 
M  li'.uii  I- lii'iiifil  111)  t'l '  |>i'  l  r  1  UUi'  Il  u  I .  Ill  III  ■ 
III  i;'^;,  n  !  i-  'i  n\\\cs  A  m-u  ti  in  .Min-.  in  ih 
!i  nil-  .1.1,  '.'111  I  •  tr '111  Hn.'i'.l  In  til  li)iiili-w.  It, 
III  I  1-  ■  ili'j  l.i  r',  o!  S;mi  i  ".ivc  'Vr.  .  iiv  I  ■  ili'.-  li  nl, 
(I  \'  i.'.'i",.  in  ix  Iriii-'  iiii'  ti'C  inui.;i'  I.I  S '• 
\  liv.i^c".;  1.1  till'  tlic  il'ikf  '1  ;\.i',n')  I'.',  IS  II. AV 
I  .;  I  .  '  r,  .i:i'l  .  1  ilic  .  .iili.'  \..'.ul,  \v:iii.li  i.''iiii.iin-  i  i 
V '  1 1      <  • . 

,\  ■  •  p.  111'  Iii'ii.  i  1.  svlii.  ll  11  inil>.  ill  a  vilify,  14 
iiiil's  .  "1  i  ■[  I',.  Ill  M  .r.  .  ".;;li  lis  ti'i'ri;.),'\ ,  ii'  b.u.i- 
wi.i,  ,v  ii.iinu.l  ilic  Ii  I  liir.'n'.'in  ill.' I'.iuiitv  "' 
M  ii'i  .  !  ,  li  I  1  ,!.•;  1 '.':'.'  h  r.lt.- .it  B.Mii''i.).i,  M  nil  t-- 
V      ,;l    ill    ''  1  irii!iii;i  ,    '1      int'lll    .'I     M'lV   "      I  .iLXt'ill- 

I  ■  ',,  '  ■'vi'c:'  o.  St.  i'liil,  an  I  luly  t  .\ii'u;.ii. 
Til  i::;  .it  I'liint.i'  .\  i  n  .1  luiv^  t;;v..'  b  l.iiij,t<l 
i.i  ,1  I'lani  ll  I'i  til  I  .1  ■  (i!  li 'i-ifb 'II,  an  1  wa.  ai  lail 
r.il  I  t  I  i'.,it  I.t  .iili^c,  a'.v.l  :'.iii'.  xi'.l  I  I  tilt' 1  ity '•! 
N..J,  i.i-l  -R  ii'.i'.i,  in  til.'  pi.iv'ii.c  .''  1'  1.  ll'  in 
I'V  III.  '.  It  u  is  .ill  u\a  .K  ti'ii.^l.  !''•  'i  I  .  lliL'  bai.i'y 
lit  lil'ii'ih  :>,  iiiiVrM'.  Tlic  1  !. It'll  t');i  .it  I  la'  |. line- 
ol  C  111  \-  IS  n  "I'  il.i  I'  ■-  ill  '.' !  d.i'..'  .ll  .•\';'.',ni:  1. 

Ill  i.i.'-li'-L'li 't.  .1.  I    .'.    wli.i.:c  '.I    1.  ll.   III   I'lli,   wi 
r    li'.i  I.)    1   I  nn    iivl.t    ,   tin  'I'l'  |!t.    n  '.".1    "t   Tiiiir  in  I 
TiX    ;    '.  1  I    L  ..;  1.'    !•<   .1    (.•■Jiilki.'i.ih'c    \il.i;.',   '.vhkli 
^  \  t  s  11  •  r.i'  t  1  .1  pii'i  i|  .litv 


\    "1    n 


\    r     I   \  .  I  1   (.' 


I  t:i 


1,  ■    S   ' 


1    .1,    u  ll  ri'    t'  c 


I'll; 


'  !,■!  ni.ii.ii,.!  Sim,',  ^'.^11.  .1  .1  Sk'.iry  o^.i  i.i 
al.i.  -I'll-;:. 

1!.  :.■(.. '1  .\  "..lirn  .m  1!  I  11  ll  ii.-K  ilu-  vi'l.i'f  ..t 
.*>!  I  ;'■  .1 1.,  .1;  Sit .  .M.  I  .til,  I. mi  11-  I- 1.' til.'  Intll  ■  t.. nil II 
lu'i  All"  '  :,  1".',  i'  iw.'t'i  ilK'.nniV'it  lie  ..I  c-, 
r.iilii  ii.i'.il    .  '.    kill.   Williiiii,    in.l    b.    M.i   iiiiili.in 


tilli  >,  jv'Vv'fnor  01  ill  |il  h  I',  w'l'i  lu.l  I  n.ii  a.'iiiid  il.,  m 
1;  ll  IV .  lip.  11  iv'iu'i.--.,  an  1  i'i|iiin  III  I,  .III  li!):i.'iii'- 
.ihlc  ti'i'ins,  O'f.ilicr  1.  Ii  w  i,  nil  n  .1  to  rlc  Spa- 
nai'l'-,  by  t'lf  iri'iii'  dI  Rv'wii'k,  in  1 6.17!  r.iii  a  tcr  t'le 
'Ir.i'li  lit  kill'  Cn  irli's  11.  tlii;  l'';i'n.l\  iti/..;l  ita'iiii, 
.mil  kt-'jit  It  fill  till'  p.  act'  .it  Utr  ht,  wl.eii  ilvv  wore 
"bl  ..;  ll  ti)  I'Viitiaii'  It  to  ttu  i"  r.ptiDr.  It  i  .1  p'.iic 
ot  \irv  vr'at  iinp..rt.inL.',  h-uv^  luiiatu!  mar  tlic  bor- 
il'.'ii  111   1 1  li'iHiil;. 

Ill  till.'  iiff.'lib.iiiili  .(1.1  o'    ill  ■  citv  ll  nuts  th.'  .'.bbi  y 
ot    Sil  ilin.iiit,  I  Diii'iliii.',   11     11. I'l-.    lit   til. '   CilU'rti.in 
I'll  I',  Ii'IukI.iI  inili.y..ir  1.;..',   by   I'iiilip,  toniit  ot 
N.'.niiM'. 

Cli  iilcnt  >nt  I'liKl.fin  till- tip  ofa  111  ".int.iin,  a'  tiii; 
I. 'tilt  wUiL'li  riiii>  tlic  rivi  .\hi''.  'I'^i.'  )i,iiiiiivl  .Ml 
wliicli  it  i--  i.iiilt  bL'|.iiij,.il  t Tnuiiv  to  (lie  lunntrv  ut" 
I  .i  ;;'",  but  th  '  bnli  ip  ^.ttitcil  11 1. 1  the  'nipjrur  CI;  iik-S 
V.  uh.i  built  I  Ik  1 1'  a  L. 11  lie  w-ili  ,1  rni.ill  I'f  ,  whieli  li.; 

.Mill", el  1(1  tlie  c:'.il.i. I'll  u"  Niiliil.'in     1  ;■;,;. 

15  iiviiie-  i^  a  I'r.ii'l  e:i\  o  1  tl;e  I  It  b.uik  ot'  ilie  riviT 
Mae.;.  I  hi-  in  imt  b.i-.  ;i  1  i.;hl  1  '  tit  in  the  all'-,  iiiblv  ol' 
the  line  ot  il.i  pi'.ivitiie  In  tlu-  year  i;;.|.  llio 
i'''e'ii'i  I'll',  it  i\  .ilK.ult,  an'l  I'.i.  k  il  it.  It  .^  i  .ic- 
l.n'kil  tir.ly  by  the  in'i.ib:t.int^  o:  'z. li  'in  the  I'r.'iieli 
ma:].'  a  piuili...,ioii5  (lau '.liter.  I'an  ol  iliem  were 
iii'o.Mie  I  ill  the  iiv.r,  aiiil  tliolt:  .vlio  were  t.iken  were 
li.iiv.;eil;  beeau'.e,  iliouii,li  ilicv  vvei'e  not  in  ac  nil'iiiin 
til  iK'len.l  the  t.i'.vn,  they  wtrer.)o  ll'iiiie.!-  n.'t  t'l  fur- 
leiul  r  till  .1  ill'. , -ell  wa  i.i.il' in  th  ..IK.  'ilu  ji|  u  c 
!  1-.  1  •iiiii.leiable  '111'  lor!'  in^ap'.l-  1  ei  .-.e,  ;i  tl.e  pr.i- 
Mii  e-.  oi  N.'iinir  an  I  I.ti\e'il   i:r^ 

Ne.ir  IJjiniiie-  .ir.  t  1  oe  I.  1  ihe  niin^  ol  an  aiui.'nt 
iit\  eil...l  Ci.cvMii.ii.i.  a1ih.1i  wa-  very  ll  onir,  tlu- 
I  ih 'I'liant'.  ot'  v.'ileh  were  n..:  11. 011^  t.ir  ti.eii  r.iH- 
iiei'  >!.  Tliev  ilct'.tuietl  I limileive'-  very  i  '  I'a.;  oully 
.I'.n:!  l.in  .  C-iii  the  S'ni:i!e  in  n.'.:.  a.-ii".!!  kinsi 
():  .  I  1  1  .) :  I,  an  1 .;;  i:;ill  ill  a.  Jilu.liop  .f  C  .|  iirnc  111 
,  o.  III.'  a.  i.i!  '.liei.'  t  t'  WIS  i.ike'i,  an. I  lev.  Ileil  with 
til     'I    !i  ;  I,   in     .;i,  b'.   N   rJi ',  bi  ll  ip  o    Liey^e. 

Ill  iir,  .lb  ut  ii;;  iiiile.s  ib:';  mi  trim  CI. a.  I  1  .v.  i-  ta- 
nviiis  tor  lu)  bait ie-. '..niLihi  in  it-  nn^ht)  .uih  'o  I.   Tiii; 


r.iii 


15  \a.  1 1,        V  e.  n.ir   ..1    ili      .\,  - 


itppene.l   .'Vii^iiiy   ; 
lie  Coi'il.Hia,    '.Hii.  r 


).  I  '.■  :,  b  t'.veen    1)  in  G.i 
ll   ot    the  Spa'iilh  .ir.iiv,  arul 


ill  1!  11     ,   111  I  ih    V  .  ll  ll,  viiiJ.i    ilk  i.  ..if.i.uui  ol  ill 

I'l-'.'      "I     I    A.\       '.'..    .    ._'. 

N  \  \n  ll  ii.'.u.iiikli  li  n  ,i'l  I  ••I'.,-- I"  IJia'.mt  a;..! 
1  .-.'  ,  e  ,  .  pt  ;.),■  ,,,,1  1'  ',\  li,  u  htif  it  i .  piiilv 
I  .111   lie  1  b-    III.  1.1.  I.      I  o  ii.iles  li"i ',    -iNbi    ill. 

\v  11  ",a'.  ..  !,.i;;l  Vi:v  leiii.  Th.  li.ii.s  i.ml.il  oi 
the  tier';,  nil  .  an  1  .1  pm  -.-ttli.  I-i.vn;  b.it  .in 
;ipp.  ll  Ills  IMUll  tin  i.nin  ll  .  I  t'.e  pi.i\;'U.'  t.it'ie 
p.r.ii'il  .  '  ..;•.;  1: 'i!  "'.'..'' iiir'.  I'll,  i  n  ,lie  i  1  .;.in  .S.;'  le, 
ill  a  1' i'l,l  (  V,  u  ii'i  'ilvMei  It  lit  ili.iu:i..\  riheuiiule 
Si.it'  1.      T    e  pikii  1;  .:;  pl.ii  e-  ar.'  .1    I. ill  ''.'.  : 

N.muii,  tl:e  e.'j.i!  .1,  .11  ih-  .'UilluN  .1'  l';.-  M '.e-  a;vl 
S.ini'.rt.  11'  r  wi.i.  n  I'.i.e  i>  ,1  bi  iili;e,  i-  liiuile.l  ;.) 
inil  s  lioiii  i5iu|!tis.  il  1,  "'!  .'t  the  llinn  elll-  .\i.s 
in  I'liiropr.  il  teii.'eii  b',  a  t.'Vni.ti.ib!.' e.illle,  nunc  Tmii 
aiio/.eii!  ris,  :'ii'.  .iiii  1  ii.;;  .iii.int  tort  ilieation  .  It  is 
til  ■  I'V  lit  .1  bl!..i;i,  i'.ll'i  ;.i,iii  ll  Ine  ,ir.  i'.l'il'i  p  o' 
Me  !.lin.  Th  ■  ill  e  ;.  .  .111  n  is  S  i  in  s,  -o  • ''i  l.i.'.e-, 
:i"  1  1 11  111. 111-.  I.  1 .1.'  ,1 .1  1  ,  t  .i:  «.  !,t'  ,''i'|!l',ioiI'  .mule--,  .s.  . 
15  ll.'i '-  I'l.  p."\  nil  I  I  '"111  ll  an  1  I  tin  lu.i  illi.u',.  a 
t  ,1.1  ;1  eoiiii,  e  'II  il  .',  .1  .1  '..'.  .~  1  11  h  it,  !■  ■  .1  ul,:,  .,  \ 
an  ;  I'pe.il  li 's  10  ll.e  .  r.i.  :  e.'iri.  'I  ,il  Me.  hllii.  ] 

tiiaibrov,    a   linall    but     il'  ni;',   .i.y   .i.ul    I  'ilitl  ,  i 
ll.iii.l    I  n    a  lull,    n ':ii  the  toniiii\  .'    the  S.inil  le  .in,l 
the  little  rivti  I'ltioii.  It  was  yielded  to  the  I'mieh  in  I 


'  I'm  it.    e  Hint    ot    Miiistvlil,    antl   Cli''illian   ilul.,'   of 
I5iu  ,1  .vi' ,  bull   p    of    I  la  let!. I. ll.     The    iaitei    weu' 
'  ll  ai   II   and    I'lll   ll.  iii.inn   n  an. I    \'.l    'heir   b.i  :i;  .  ,.'• 
I    rti.   iluke  .  t   Six   -WiMiiii    w..-^    kill  li    i.i  liie  '.1  U    ■, 
'  .ill  I  ill.  link-'  ■  t  15  iinltvie  hail  an   i  ,11  .11     •;!.      I  1   w- 
I  e\e!',  ill'    c  unl    ..1    \la:i'-lild,  .it:       .1     .  ;i    r.  nl.i  li 
1  pi.n.d  iiioie  i.-.loi',.iu   t.)  hmiihi  1  .  '.    i.hv  ..    .iM  l..ive 
I  lieen,   tnar.ii.tl  tl'loii'.',!  15  1'   i'  '  '^  '  >  -t-   ^-     li  'i-e,  .vaA 
;:    O  t  I'll,  and  i  -1  ll  ihe  p' ■  r-e 'I'  ( ',, 'I   e,   v.h.,    iiy 
iliiii  me  itis,  w.is  .liil-  lot   ,■       I    eiiii:  pii-   "t  S;    ;iale> 
:..    I. life    ill'    li  ;;.'   "1  1!  i-.;n"p--'.  o.n.      T  e  1        id 
1  .itde  \^a    tiiiig,!:!  .lull    1,    1'    i':\    be;\\e',ll  il  <    .        tdi - 
■I'tainr,   .   .n:. 1.1:1  :ed  b'.   p    iie  '    \\  .ible   '.    ',,  !    ;.;i; 
I'.   iu!i,  under  r.e  e.iir.ni.ii.tl  ot  M.ii  b 'i   .le   Lux  m- 
b'li'.;.    riic  loiile  ier.it-s ',1   ]■.■  r.nil.,'.   I.ul  ::co  j  '  1  I  d, 
:        -I'k.'l  pili    lii'iS    .li^ii  I'll  4.i'.:,'e..      \i,  ~,    i\..i",;t 

I  ...    I'l   litli    lull'   I'd    al.i\ei\    11.11     ,   1   I  e     n  i.-jili- 

II  iniliii",    ih.    :i.i..t   a!.    nt.'.«',t'  lliei   i.  .1  i.u.t.l,     ..  v 
lu'ie  ii.i:  abb'  I'-i  ':."    it.t..    a:.\  ih.  . .;   lium'^',     ..  re- 

i  ni;n;id.i"  ol  t':e  t.iiiip  ilij,il. 

(.■•iNi  isl'.  liiSiOi'lV  ir  nir  \  I'.Ti  ii  l-U-.-W  H-  iM 

(il-.  .S  I.  '    A  I  . 

TI  lb.  Seve.n.m  I'l.viii.  .  ■^,  aii.l    ll".   |'"i  -l  'ler-- 
iii.niv  wl'.i^li   iks  to  lit'  \ve;l  ll  ilie  ILiii;.'.',    .e  s 
caned  Beli^iea  Gallia  Liy  the  R.jtii.tn..     L  p'on   ti,.  ile- 


\y\ 


Pi 

V.'iJ 


m 


«..        \  \K\V,  1U)Y\T..  AN»  AITllKNTIC  SVSXr.M  or  rN'IVrilSAI.  ^.VX^rAWVm  . 


iciAMias  iv:ua  (■xinl.'vc>  nit-  limlMV'V.T;i:n.  u^ 
tic  litM'l-"i  wlii'  li  wax  lldju'IK-  WUW.'A  null  o\Mi  <!o- 
i-i:;iion^.  At  !■  .i  lii  i^i'V  >  .iin^-  int.)  ilic  lolc  ;_v,ik'ilr>ii 
nf  ilu  li  '..lo  .'iBuMniiuh  1.-.  li-cx.'.r,-  1.,  ;;•  'I'l'f  ^■i'''; 
P  .  „•  c;.'il  N  .  ill!.-  Ii  '■'  "i  li'"  '  ■••'  l^'  11  iiiM-i'd 
!:,,:„,  inlh.  -CM-  <4--.   t"  tlK-lvn,!:    H    A..:h.l     .u    ' 


V  (ill  in  I-,;:.', .   I'i'i.   !■> 'I  1  in  ■  s>  >]<■- :iivl   hmm   v,  tii.' 
Iji'Cil  the  lUi^Mi  vl  Sp.i  n  1  '  il.^i'  c  tiicin    ■  h  ■.•  y  •>■ 
|il     ill  ilic  V.  '.r  i(>   (J,  ,i^ul  ;i  :l^.;^^  n- ;-;''  \  v.^-i-  :^  \un\- 
lid  ';  il  i  \-  .111  I'.ui.iml'  |i  I:,-  .'.■}  iiiJ.i./i.-11'.ltlit  ll.'.li.-,  nil  ,.  r 
til.  title  '  I  il..'  I'l.i:!.  1  r        'V  I  s 

Alt  r  li'i- ihvl.  ]".-iu'.  ,1   ■.    <i    ill-   Scv  fii  I 'ir  i-il  I'.-o- 
.1.  i:.v.S' 


:C  '   1.   .1  B:i;-nh.     -1   ic,!,.r,n,  oi  li:  ■  l.nl'l  .1  ;.    |  U.i  A    -1    lla-   .H  .1;   t    ;,    ;.;  .,  :  1   ,   .-.    .    l.v^^. 
.!,o,Wil.a.o.l..:!u   ..■iSpuu,  niJctlic.ih:.     ,   t.,:,.il     the  I  .nv  t    u.  K„  ^ .   i,.>    :    t   ^      ,,       ,.     ., 


.1 . 


l„tin;    itt.mp!  t<  tlm.w    ;!  in- v.^e.  w  1;.  hk.  .i,-;,.,.    ,       ■.  .,i..h.   I'^'ii  v,,l  ,.|  • :       .,   .    .   . 
Vv.-ei.ilinU.rr.:iM:..     Tu   u-unt^   I  l-ra   :iii.l  K-    I  v.  ,    r-ot    R.;n.;..-.  :„    i,;c^e. 
,n  .  ,t..in>lth.c  1  ;nueuU):.i'VAe,  .ipi'e..;  in;-,  ;\t  llu  Ik  ,. 
(,i  1:,  All  1  L-iiilu-'    nI'MiiUivm  :it  t;K  in.e  liv.c  ■^■.:  1 


\cic  1.1. 


1:  c  il.. 

6  1    :  l:ei  u  .  I   ii, 

l!;,;:|.,i  ,    t    f       ;.||  i,,  .l;i  !    V-  -■'■  1   I't   "i  li'   'e  ]'i  .Mil.      , 

.1.  'ui'i.-.l  <!.^«  ;  (.'l'..r        '»  1.  .iier.^.i.l    nn;v-,.i  ■;  (ii.- 

ni.'.iiv,  !.ir  til  ,1'  I  V,  lei'.vi ;  ;iii'.i  11  -  il'i'j,'ii  r,  Mie  l.i;c 


i  11;  t.)  il.-iih       .1!  1.1    p.-'iv  ne 


111  •  i'-    iinain  ;'i     \.tlKil.m.N,h-,-ii-.l.ilM  s  i\  , 

.-,/,:,, .n„,u.nniit;,:miVa.:i:cnt..   rp...hisU:v  i  cmp„. ;.  ,;,voi.  rr.r.,  .1 -•;..:  .1  ..,,,.■„,  um,,  .ixw.ir 

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'I'l  I  ."il  ,  \, '  I  I  .  ,.:  ■  1'  -  I  ii:i!i'  II  '1  !i  ,!'i,l  n  'ImIi- 
VI  l',  I  M.  a.  !■  ,  I  '  I  ,;  ','  I,  'rr.c  .  ''i  •>  m  li'  ■,  iiH  't 
(.!,!.  ii,i,'.:.  .  M  I.  .111.1    I  ,'  ,^  I  11  N  I  i  ■■. 

'ill  (  .  I  Ul  u,  V.  il,  !l  I  I  1  -•  111  III  I'll  .  Ill  m  1^  I  i,il- 
I    i:  '  ,   I.kl  s    j a'   III  r    I'l'i'      I'  'ti,      '1  1  li.'i-   a 


I  I  11    I  I'lin,  n  I)    1   ii     'II. 

tii."_i;ia;v  t  1  tli'  ..il'-h.  ire;  i..  lii  pl  'f,  tlial  .v  'V 
pa''i  I  it  llunii.!  1).'  iiiiii'iil'.'l  in  w  M',  ,  '.icpt  iiiC  i'.  ■ 
lliMira:  ll'.r  t  'p  nt  Cli  !i  l!  l:k.  Anl  .  I  c  ii'.u  i)t  t  'C 
iiin  i-  II'  piiiiti'  ID  iipeni' li  tli->  :<-•  '  'i  '  'I'l  ■  n  'I  m  i-'-" 
Clip  "!'  ilii'liiri-  it  tliL'i:  n  w  I'.i'  Rli  .nc,  v.'.cr.in 
tilts  pl.int  iT. 'AS  in  ..r'l.ii  .i'  '.ml  ;iii";,  i  .i  I'vtT  ut  u;:- 
i  il.iiii 'li-ji  h,  aiii!  tl\,'t  m  ;  I  '  v,-:  y  n.  ar  t  n  ■  an  ;- 
'li'.'i'.  Til"  Rl"m.' IS  ,  !,i  .  .1  1. 11  111-..",  ill  111  il  .int 
I'll'  iw  'li'il  1  V  lial;'.  n  ■''<>■■  '  .  li  tins  i  all-  i  u".  i. 
til  piini,  t'  U  wa-  mil  li  w,!.  i"  in  il-  pio;"  '  n  iiini';'. 
It  t..'  ;■  'ii'i  u.pi'i,  t'l  I',  l.i-pi  1  ilif  11'  I'liaiv  ilai  "I 
iiivi-n' ill,  t  llii'.vi.T  .ilMic '.Litri-  I',  li  n  ili-'ili,!!'  i'  m- 
,  Lai'i.l  Mix"  Or  I;  .w  i  i'  in  '  r  I-.  ;  t  iioin  t  .It-K  ■> 
r  .'  liiii  I  i-  ■  '  til'  w.iti'f,  aa'l  ri)tii;iii,  \\li.;i.  t'-.'  liiplli 

1,  1  i.>,  :  •  ,1  1  ,11' s  .1  to 't  IT  i'.\  '  "t  a  r.'iUil  i..,!k, 
-v!iiv.'i  1  i;i"V.  1.  I  1  I'lipport  nt'-l!.=  ,\!l  tlii^  I  pv  -.i-I  il 
lor  In  till- '.:   .11    .'\i.;'-<)i"  ot  Natnr.';   l   r  the  tiili.-a.c 

II  t  liiai',  '-ii'  IV. llic  I  ill  a  I'piral  !or;:i,  in  tin  muiiiii- 

III  aioi'K-li  ii-v,'  11  ail  11  'iitlrj  nvann  r  otllio:.  (iifin 'S 
lit'  wire,  uhiiiiwc  I'c  ni.i  .'w  t'V  \1rappm4  lli'.'  '.''u; 
r.nm.l  a  liiLill  I'iik.  I?v  thi  lorir.'tion  tii',  11  ik  ol 
till'  plant  li  .V.' .1  p  u'lr  of.  xiiiiilmi;  an.l  cml;  i  'in:; 
tliciir,  l.i-  m  k'nj,'li,  aiu!  tin  -o  in''.'' ;ilv.  ili  it  iii  tlic 
iil'mr  111!  1,1  ti"  ",a.,i  li-  iv.!'!''  qo  .  k,  il,,'  I  n  ■  i,,  n- 
iiis' or  nuiitinn;:  oi'ili-  'l.ill.  :'i  •  ni;  in  1:.  .  tul  tl.o 
llowi-f  ol  ih.  /■„■///,«  rw  1  k'.'i  t  '  i  ,ii  til.  Ill  '  i,c  .  tie 
wat.r:  I'-  tlii^  m  ,in  ili"  In;'  lias  p..'.iL'i'  t,-  i';-.;-  liic 
ll.i.iirtill  il  '  r  P'l'-a'C  li.iiiLi'.''l  ""  !.  '  to  .  Ill' ..^I;.o 
u..ll^illp  ii  i-l  iip.il  is,  will'' I' t',.."  lioit.il.  k  'Willi', 
luit,  '.ilii  1  ili.)i.iii:,lilv  IV  I't'.l,  Il ".,  .Ill'  ';  .■  10  t  .11 

h  iiii.l.'ii.  'I'.i  pi">-'.'  i'>  "-il  '  'Is'.,  'i'lli  1  '  'n  '.vliif 
;.  i::il  I'lli:-,  p.. 11;.  :l..i.;I  .  t"  tli.m  ,1.'  I'.m  put 
mt  .  \i"il  11'' v.-;t  1,  1  I'l.  !  t  I'lni..,  'i.i  10  io  iir, 
t'lit  oni-iiil  I'  'Il  m  ^^  ■  '.I  ^  ■  1'  !■'■''•  ^'  ot  ill'  «a- 
ti'i;  o'''iLrs  V. '  Il  li'.cm  1"  .lion,  !' .r  1  "".  v.  1.  iin- 
ii't.  I  il  ■'".(•  .1  mill  1  o  i.Ilm;  ;  In'  I'l  a  l.u  li  .1,:-.  i '  cy 
In  1  c  i-n  .li'i'.'l  til,'  1  n.iiii  ■  t'  r,ii  I-  Ikllks  ii)  ill.- 
ikptli,  a.il  ilu'tl'i'.i  .1  oi  lAiii  '  11    ■*  .s  lloiUiiv.,  Jill!  on 

^    ,'  I  ,'ll    c. 

1  i.L'    H.'.i  aliai'ta'i  ■-  ulii'i    I'l   rr    lii'ii.i^    Ir 'in 

1  '■  r''.\'iis  .1,.    iii.ili    .ill  iiii"t  il    li'    .iitil.i  ..1    i..'.il-'. 

I    I  I   1.  .11.  1  i;    1.  .'.'  I   k   ■■  1  "   L  .li    t'  c  I    p   il   .  kill  IK'  11' 
i    'Ml'  I 


I,,    tl.il'i'     'i,  ;.  1   'i    ■ 

ilii       11  itit')  11.      i'l     I'  - : 

I  ,■:.   1-,  1!    l     •,\  ;'  ,  '-^'  '! 

I  1.   l''i   ill'   ',   -.^l.i'l.     ..  ■ 

1 . '  1  ' .   M  i  n  1  1 1    1 1'  1  .  i  .  .  ■-    1  '  i 
.V  I  I';    ?.!'  li'tli.'.'.   ' 

,.  ,,111    !■  ',vii '111.1;  '!;''''  (-  • 

I   II    i^ii,). ,  aiiil  M   li  .1  ' 

\       ;l..l'. 


"  '     1         '    .  '."tliir  ,.c 

1     I  il     ,1     I      1        ill'    Is 

I  '  I     I'l  I  .   .  r  lis 
I       ,  I'  i.    ni  1'    !    ; 
.S,  ,,.;\l;.- 
,    I       ,  i;   "  i,'-.,\    aiul 
, ,     V    i  i.m  il     C  .'i,;  'i- 

il.  ill    ill-      1    !'".     11'   1     .it 

,,1    '  ill'    '.Ml  \  ..III'  Ol    All- 


1 


i"inni  I   II  atioii  ',.  ii  '1  ;  U' 


I'l  .1    .ill  il,  t' 


1  U  .  I    I 


I   .  1 1  '1    null 


hi'  11  I  ii.in  >.,' ',  l'\  iiK.iii- 
'.u  till,  wani    111  11  •  I  "111    ' 


1 


.(     M    'I'-IS 


t 


II     .11'    lll- 


1 


1' 


11.  .Ill'  1  Uirii    ihli  111  .".I's 


It!    il     I  t^i      i       1 


.\1    I'l-I 


M        I'rx  lll'l   '. 


.1.        ll, 

1,.    .s 

■'  .l..i;,l.  ll. 


llli  ll  V 


.liiiii  l.h.lt' 


I    .1   1  1   \ ' 


I    "I. 


.111.1  I'll  I' 


11    ..    liH    ll.'l        III,  \     il    I.l" 

1    I     >    >|i.l  1.  I'l    i,     .        I  ll 


t;i.  \  .ir 


ill    M.'iiil.   .ll'.!  >    1     1    1,1  "  1;  >.,''.       [  I'l.'  ^   i.niii'  111 
ii.i.ili-uil'  il.ioii.'ii  ll      ,1' ,  'iiil  l.il's  .'     .1       l,i.'i:!i    '        I  1.1 
Cli..i.nil    li.ioiij^.i  A.b'.Villl-.      1  ll'.'   S.,iii   UK-'  111  llio       't^la-ii' 

No.  7 ; 


lir   .'1  I'  (1      ,1'!.'      o     ll'l 

,.  ,  1-'.  i  a  I;  11".  '■'.ll 
,1  I'll!. .111.11  1  .^11.1.  ' 
t  It  liii'  .1  ill'  ll  'iiil.i'.. 


1-  .'I 


I'  ,  111,  .ll .  ill  111  .1 
till'. I-  .ill'  \Lr,s  o: 
o   U 


ir  !  I 


■'    i\ 


\li: 


1    ;j 


Y.i 


(!fc;.:;iM 


#' 


I 


,n> 


ilil 


4- 


A  NTAV,  ROYAl.  ano 


Al'Tl-ir.NTlC  ^.Yi^Tr.M  OF  UNIVr,R>AT,  r.r.o.'.RAriiY, 


nirqvi.iiic-,  the  .ini\  i^^''^^  '''"'  •^"i-- 


,11  p' 


uliu-fs;  Al-  ;;  vvaUvs  on  i n  Ii  lul.-  rii'i\l  twoU-'.t 


Ucc  loni.uiis  lilv.r 


copi 


■iPL-i-  ;    Hiil! '.in-    !i:i'.   iiiuKS 


riiuilv  .1  in.i 


ot"ir,iii.  till,  \c\\,  ;iiuU"pivr;  r.iv.l  111  oiii  r  (iiris  ar 
tbu-u!  ,il:\h.ill  r,  i.ifjKT,  c'lLil,  L-li.ilk.,  okii 


as  I: 


lilt  111  the  lir.u 


t'-  111 


M 


IV, 


In  t'.c  renter 
nek. 


nil  ll.irk'.i; 


.iiiil  a  <•'.!. Uil-r.ouli-  I-  t:f  u\i  on  I'lclp  t.     A  ir.'U 


)  ntiHi  It  w.i-.  llir.'Wii   ilo  '  n 
•\i 


Tl 


\:  H)o  s,   ifiii  ,  .1  I 


1  ,h1 


I  I  ei'i!;  t'.'lc 


I'l  .1'  lion'iiit 


;allctl  I  .iS.invii'i.i 


.i    I'lcAi 


l''.M'  L',  :;r    mil  'i  ti.ifr  I'li''  t.io 


l.-l  K 


,1. 


1  1,111-    ,1    ll    IS  !'»  IllIU    ll 


.i:r.  :l     I'M; 


ll. 


■y 


t'l   u- 


.  I'.ili.l.l5,  fee.  aiv   ii:p  11  'i  1  '  '>iir~ 


,  ntiiii',  Oiii  i-.ivmii.-  r 


:-'ii.'    ir>   :i  il,  i; ;    c- 
ir  'll  v.,  >Mi  i:i  ll  iiiil.n'.; 


Till.'  prina;i.;;ci'-A:f-  ot  cuiiiv.uiuii  .inv.ni;  HiC 


r-iv  ll  '1  nvir   |,icoii  ■  wcil 


ire  llKir  viiK-5, 


P'- 


oeiuei 


1  t' 


i  Ulll\\ll...lV  .It 


.iKV  -t  til.-   \m:i  ■-  II 


iiili,  l.\  ir.i'  i; 


Ik;. 
I'ip. 


r-.!i    I'll-  "■ 


11  If 


.!dy 


■rtin.s  i)t  C.lMin;v.i;;K-,  B'lr-iiri.iy,  i>  'i 


111  jvir:i,  iil.ir,  tuo 
'Icuix,  (i  lleoliv, 


llv  .Ukil  1  K-i-,ui:.'.i;e.  l'',c)iuiii 


aiKi  II"' 


ni.  iivKU  ii'iatir..' 

i.iiu'  i|-,    'lis   Oil.llllu 


I', In,  iili.  mil  < 
l.i;i, ;   is  11  '1  ',1  •'_■< 


ill",  and  I'onti 


ifiily  t  ll  I'.Rir  pk'.i 
,  .w:  rr  iki'  aI  in  It 


;.uii  t.llii-,  l)i:t 


Inii  t'l 


Ll 


ties  ii; 


j!;iM,v'..  Ill  l^.i  ';.;u-.i  >. .  . 
aiul  ;■■  i.'K'  .iiiJ  e..;  i. 
ami  T'niion. 

Tii'v'  h  II I. s.  'l;t  '.  ■ 
f.u  inl  ri  <r  i  i  li;  I-  > 
till    ;  Iv.it   ll  C  ll    1!  .IIKI 


,1  A  ili.u  will  ll  vur.v-  in  kn-^l.iiul. 
;,  .in.l  ilieir  e'!;!  y,  '^um  qiniUi- 
1  '  .  T;.  i'.  •'  I  I'l'-il  i^  'li)  w'lii-li 
I. ,  ;  .iiiillii-;  .'"'.mi, in.  e  ■  i''l  -alh.-  ; 
.11.    !•:.•  !-,i.  vil  lie. a  .5  ink  uix 


l"i:   1,.  (  p  11    1 


|s  11    I 


;i  .11  I  ;.    1.1  . 


v.t  l')r.i.-  i>'her  p.li  i 


I'.    A'l. 


'111    lie    I, I    .N 


eri'lliiv 


tiie  'J' 


mill. 1 1.'-,  w.i     !)ii.  ;  (i: 


'i|    MU^    1 
III  ll    V.  .IS 


XIV 


111  t,.e    II111 


1'  ,  I     I  V, oii.L'H  111 


nriel   iv..i\  I  v  tke  vi'il.'iee  nt  i..e   uirreiu, 


elirii.tu    '11.  1  (). 
ve  e  l.iil  O.l'lie 


Ti.C  I' 


iiu.o;' ;  li.ir   11 


■  liriil;} 
il  w  :i-   lii  illH  tl  III 


I;:  lie  tmi  ,  .it  ,i  iii'.-'.ei:'l    e\p"ii'    ,   i'  misi  i  it  i    i.n    ol 


ills'    11 


i:i    ti'c    1  ini'iii  \ . 


A  n 


I'.i'iii,  a'l   tii.u. 


illH'!.!   R'  '11!. '.Ill,  ll  1  !  ill     il.lsi  i   ■'''      I  '!• 


•111.  I' 


oni  lie 


1. 1. 


iiii'.er  I'lc  r,  U'li  it  Li  .u 


\\  I. 


l;>'  \wl 


U  '.ll,  .11 


P'.ii  ir  t  1  mi 


mil.  r  Mill  or  t.iiiK'.  Ill  111  1'  s'. 


.11  j,,anil,  w.ii . .  ^  I  .\.  I'i 
k  .IIkI  .'.: 


.k   I" 


'I  I 


,(  .11.  e  'iivr. 
i-er.  aii.i 


il'i  ini.eli  TiU'eliie 


^  e.i..i!e  I  In  ill  iK  p-i- 


1.    IIS 


■.\  ,o  lelule  11. 


r,n;e.l  .1".-.  ''■< 
tak.s  li.ir..  .v: 


v.r.  mil  '.'!  i.u  i! 


iiiii-iij,    lie, 


111 


lil.iek.lh     .1-r.  _    lI'jb.T--!;  .11     i  Im' 
V'),e  ,  u!ils)njj  :'''.iiii   111../.   ''  ,    i'    ill    >- 

lail. 

Si:  LiKiN     11. 


Til.'    A   >itl     tk. 

i.ue  ,  .md  \<\- 
lleli.i   a  v^.k! 

I    "    k.    ill  .   .1 

:,  ii.is  .1  ll  '\k  iill  ■ 

.\,,  x,A  a  fiiik 


"dr::nijiir 


.rnmcnti  :>Uu 


ire  /■' 


I  I  le  nam  i! 


itil 


e  Ijiiiu^  -^  I. 


at  the  tjDt  o'.  ll- ■  r.ilai 


1' 


11-  1^  .111  ar 


.liliill 


i"P 


I  e  ;   .111 


I'eiv  1  iinliiiuti'iM,   1.   ll  e   e.i,  i 
t!i    Inn.  nunc. 


1)1 


he    latluilr.i: 
1  .   1.  ..  Ou'- 


,1  I.-l' 


tiie  5:  im; 


.!'    \  m 


,a  ;v"sCiiiii' 
,iL',i  1,  ib  .111  iii'i  I  II 


tCi'iilii    I' ill 


at  leviial  tun 


1  i:.i'-  Clin 


li'.lnre  th;  u  s"liili'iii,  tli  le  ucie- 


It  ii,aii\  liii'.   p-.ii.tri'.;  ,    iKli  Mjie 


Iky, 


I   a   Mill 


.1  i\  .1  l;.\er. 


I.lte   iMlllC 


the  iiie  111  ill  .rat  i: 


.!i  it  Si,  ( ;,iu\i 


ev.  the  IMC  a: 


ihi!  li'il' 


I 


H'-.JhI:.'!. 
N   tl 


•  VCini'  ellt 


t  w! 


IS   Ih.i     11- 
i.  w.-  Ilia!)  t; 


111 


lei-.  ! 


e'j,ninii;'i;  v 


!l   111: 


Pans  t'l  ■  m  f 
tiier  Sin  III  i!, 
ir    e,    '.11.!  tu.s     . 


'1   I 


IS  liiii  ll'.  1  iv!  ;li 
i.e  .  "i-.e  'it'  I  : 
I'll  I  ve^  its  n  I'.ne 


I:  111 


.'•(,';  ■!,   ^s;ll    I 


l.;t. 


(.'1.11  ill. 


I   Hllkl- 


I'l   IS    I' 


ll  1  .le  1.  luleiie 


I    I  •  I  ''1  t.  i.'i: 


a  ■    e  I'll  1 


\    11  ,  tli.it 
I    e    i  inn 


I  •.    V 


'.V  '.'Vf,     I  ll.li   1)1    t 

f:  pri-  J.  t  ilii; 


I)e^  (    I'f. 
l.iin   'ti.l   k: 
I   .lie  ■;  ,iin  oi 


line-  lie,   n.j'ni: 


111-  a    tl  ii'ii,   i.  I'll    11 


Ik 


l^  .1  I  kr.i^',  u  nil  a  cm  nms 


iir.  111  vllk.   ailll'iuities,   aii't  e'liel-  I  i- 
"he  1  iiiiii  1  ion   I'l 
lie.     Am  'n;; 


t'l    I!i:s   eomellt. 


jvl    t'li'.is   1-    \'  rv    ei'iiluk  la 


!l 


the   i:'.iil!.  s  ill  le  1-  ill    (kt  etnil 


,1   a  mm  iln.il  in  ihc 


■I   ,\'iie  1.  \ut, 


ihe    11. all  le-    I'li'l 


1.  le,  ani 


Lr.iveil:   tlitiv    IS    like.Mte    a '"  oil    p'lMi.iit 


,1  I' 


111  I  \.  tiilinp.  Im  111    le 


Ik  I.e.. I   M    1.1 


ik.      Ill  aial    11  I  111  loiii-  iIkh   aie   I  'Lie  e\fraorili- 

■.lelMiK 

i'l'  I- 11  !).< 


n  ii\'  le! 


ot  aiili  it.iiv  ;  .1  K.i:ii  ill. 


lit     I'l  tl;.-  w. 


I.t,  1  1, 


1.:  .ilii  ,  v,-i:',i  the 


liihell 


Ul.i.li    It. 


II     I.'IIU'  "I     I 


I    kie  ill 


,:is  i.t    tins  rt' 


1.  .i.le  at 


liiil.iiiil  '  t'l  ■  nil! 

ot    -St.     (l 


.  ll   Kom  111  1 11.11 


llC.'.llv   III 


.  viev.-    aie  r.i.l.iv    eiii  lolil  le 
1 1'  :-.  ,,l,    (lall   '.ikl'll  t    e  '-t-.t 


.):ii; 


I    !i  IP  s  at  l.n.'.t 

I    .ill     I. nil  .11-   ill 

t.i  '.'.', uli  :i  ;  any 

I  le  'lilt  ell    til.-    1 

j  ;  1'  .  ti.ei;-  i  i,in;vi; 


I  l\    ;iti' 


r  '.s  i  •  eoiiee 


hi  111.  1.  II  emu 
,  k  r-vks  ilii),.- 
1  111  (.'.iilijii.  he, 
nil  I  u!  r.i  1', 
.11  k.iulitti  tl;  .1 


.■■   ,  ,!j1t  11    1.1 

,1    ,11  ki.  Kl..:itm-e.  Ill 
tl,    v,li.   !.      \:  one  tl 
;!    !  .It  .  u  mil  11  1-1. Ill 


ii.li   ol  a    p,  le 


nil  ■   in  i,u  ll 
i'l ,  I  11'  'll  I  ei 


I  a, .'I  i.Ii.mk  .Mill  tl..  m.   nn.l 


A 


h'     'U'hl 
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1  iiin  1  ■    \  III  I  ' 


lie  I  hat  '.'.'K's    ll'.  1  I    ill     ll   II 


!■ 


a  pi  "ill 


'IS  .ill  iniiaiK' 


ill 


.1   I  '.eini 


:i'-.ia- 


1 ,  ,       ;  ..;        .    .Il  ii'.el     pi. a    '•,    ln'ill'  ill. -.    hoi- 

],         ,  ,  ....       ill,  the  ll.in    ll  tv ,  ■  ..  . 

j;   ,  '  '      .  ,,  I    '  '    I  1  :,'  1,1 11-  .   111."    i'l'.  "     I'll-  ■■ 

^  ,  |,.,;   I  .,  t      I      '.  ,.  .         '  hi,  -.-  Ill  111  h,    '.via.  h  v..    I    IMi- 

,,|  ',      ll  i         I      '1  'he  "-■  I-,    ,  111. I    .le  I     I;,  li.t  lu-.l. 

]  ,.|,!..  ,;,    k        ,1.  ll!     .le  N  .tie  l>i,ri,  laui  I  .Ml 
|_  ,^.,     .  .     'I      -  '1',-  ,     I      ll"  ;  ma  i|   i'  I'lii   nl  1'  iii  , 

.,,,,  i     r  '.1  .  :i    I ';     !■    1  ,  "    1 ,.!'.       -S'V   i.;l  kiiil',  • , 

]i,i,i     i "  .•  ,    111    ' . . .'    i,    t  'I'l',     ill'  me  ;   imt    mull 

j,j  ,1  ,  11,  ,;  ec  :;  ll;  ■  '  h  ■  .  '  •;;.  i  .1  ll  l.-lr.  'i  I  e 
.„ ,,,.  iji.,;  .1-  I  U.I  .lie  I'..!, I  .'.  ,  k'  ...i  Ik  v.'k  iiiiie 
ll  ,  ;  .  I  .1  1  ill  ■!  I'  ,  ■  .  I.  's.!,!'  II.  .mil  I'oat  .1. 
p^  I     ,  ,    :■.  .      k'  i..t-.\i  -1  .  I  'a:  '  -  1  I    i  '   .,ii  1h-,  .lliel  li.l'    .1 

<.aiii.i'--  ^va-.  Hi  ikf  a.iJias    j'.;  .eel   lii"„ij,  and  lij.ii 


.Iked  up  II  la-    .ll.iir  "I 


Cut 


It  lie!  'It  thiy 


li  ,1' 


I,,, I  ,  ;.,!    I    ,    !,e  ll!  'k    i'l  'ippivtim  tV  to  (kp  111-11  til.' 

,.i,d  ihi.uv  i!'  his  i.iliil  ;  them  HI  I'll'.;  ihc'-irtli'. 


other  li'iile^ 


I    llu-in. 


f    llVlil; 

.IS  I  e   ro'h  o' 


ic  I  liimlelt  upon  ll 


IV'    ai    1  am  ol 


(.'at  .11  he.  'I'l  -.  diay/>"  1-  1  I  I  '  ,t  lo  like  I  la  e  ;  la.r 
,,,,,,  iP  \  ;,i,l  |-  :i  ilKir  leet  int'  the  I'lrn  .  sth  .i  i.id- 
'II  s  im,,'-  Ir.iiiii.l  ;iid  ih  '1  li'  •■  isU-nh  imii  that  m- 
.     t   'cd  I  ll  n-s   tliev   I'liilil  <-n'-i   i'P"ii  l''"-  1  'l-'i'','  !¥'*- 

an  .111   ■pp.iitmiitv  ol  ■  h  i]..  a'  l"i  till!  lime.     The  t   - 

ue'v  'll  Si.  (.(.ii.u.ve  IS  '  us-     t    1 1  e  i  kIk  It  m  k  laii     . 

N     i-ih     eiiiiK  h  ol  Noll-.    I  lull.    1-  the  p.il  a     oi  ihe 

uhual,  p,  111  '.ihl.  ll  ihe  nki  111  1.1  ila  .('.  ■  '  "''-  is 
k  pi.  ].„  .Mais  lv.v.ll,oltlie  a  \  x  p.il.ii  e,  w,i- e.lll  d  .u 
lull  1,1  I'.il.ii  C.iidinal,  keeaiik  i  ar 'mil  de  RkMieii 
I, mil  II,  ill  ih  veai  I'l  pi.  A.  I'lu.ia  ii  waimilhe.l, 
he  in.id.i  a  |.i-iliiit  "I  \  to  1.  n.',  1.c\ms  ,\1I1.  and  to 
Ins  liiii.ll'U  In  lilt!,  kmi'..  ol  |-i.iu.(,  on  eonditum 
iii.U  It  lliuuld  I'tvei   be  anenaled.     llo^sevn,  l.iwii 

A 1  '  • 


CRAriTY, 

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. 

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lilnUialilc.  A:n  nt'Jl 
..I  a  1111:1  ihi.i!  in  ilu: 
.i.li  Ic-  i".i'p'i.  U',  ami 
f.-. Ill-  a  ""iHi  p.^Mi.iii- 
mil  uir.ia-  o(  M  laii 
ll-  arc  I  ■i.H-  i-Mraonli- 
l,;!:i  ,.inil  llil'iri.-  'Mill 
,.  ;;!i  ilic  I.  iiiV"t':-n  .IX 
■  Ills  i.t   i!ms  ri;Mi^,oiv 

,1,11  .  I;i  ill.  i.  n  I'liui 
;iri.)li:it-.  ll  I'^l-''  ili'i.-- 
1  1-  '(..III  01  (.',i:i>ji!.  lif, 
1  111  pi  III!  I  I'i  I'a  ^, 
It  u  1  'U  l;i  ulilli  ti'.  ll 
,:,  ul..  iturr,  vAv{ 
.  V.I:.  !.  '\t  I'lir  tl  .  L- 
!  .:t  .  u  mil  I  I  I'l.iii'  ■  , 
nil     in  1, 11  il   "'    '"I  '• 

ll,    I   .1|. 'll   I    Cvi     I'i   i'l    'i 

iImmIv  .Mill  l^.rii,  ,.ii.l 
iu!k  ;  I'lit  lic-t  'If  lluv 
.'lltllil  tv  to  (l.p  111  i>  ill-' 
;  ilii.-:!  I  'i:i'ii'^  lllC'•l^Ill^ 
liic-'l  lilillllU   il|V)li   tin- 

o'^'  ;•'■'''■   •*"    1  '■""    "' 

.     t  \o  I  Ac  l>ii-\-  ;   I  i.r 

iIk'  :'  111 '  I  1.  ill   .1  t.i'l- 

,..  ,'  ul  fill'  ll'. 11  ll.at  in- 

I  i.p'iii  ll-.c  ;  11:. I'll  (!;:n v; 

t'.l  ill  It   IlilH',       'I'lic  I  '- 

t  I  lie  ;iLiKlt  Hi  I'laii-  . 
1:11,  :■  llic  pi!  '  "I  I'l'- 
n  ll'  1 1;;  ('■,  ■  ■  t  "I-'  IS 
\  .1'  p.l'  U.f,  W.I-  I  .111    >l   .'I 

k  I  ai  'mil  lie  U.K'i!ii.ai 

I'loa  :i    ll  w  !■  Iiilll'ii.'l, 

ii.i,   l,u\\\s  XIII.  and    !o 

jl.lUl,     1)11      lOllllltioil 

ilul.      1  lowtvii,    I  .'  *li 
XIV. 


4i 


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tliti  li'-'  I  :;ii;'. 

ill  ■  rt-.i  lU'v  ol 

Xl\',  \\1k'I1Ci 

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Ic  III  lin  .!>-■  1 

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t'lVtii   Id  ill.' 

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rll  S  .  1  .1  .VI  , 
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<  !•  '.  nil  IS    .■.!■ 

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II  ;;  V.  II 
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FRANC     K.  -4.1 

,  nnil  afioruiiJs  t'l    iir.'pc;rf,  ,    L<uivr;:  v.i-il'  laiJ,  vrui'jr  I'nici-  I.      !  lis  !o!iI  l:nr\  II. 


Xl\'.  ".UC-  firll  tlv    11 ,       ,    .       ■   ,  II.' 

conlit!-.  of  i;v:iMlkiso-    Iniiuliii-s  |q,,u;Uc.l  hv  la.-r       U'^l.  o   l,is  ti.iu  lo  .vn>l.  r  ihi.  i  unuing  :,s  iv^ul.ir  a;u 


S  ALT.-ll 

,UAV  apiniiicnts  l,:;v.   Ken  a^.l  d    lo  it   liir  c- _  tlu' cir- 


t,.nr:s,  ami    is   ;vl.>nv   1    witli    lino   p;.ir,i  r. 
'i 


iliMiiV  l:iil/,      T':c  w  lolco.ur    'A.; ,;jc,  ivl. w 

ih'  If-  .u-vof  ]■  -n  Ai^'v.'dl  Aillria.ii.  .::.fi  !  <\j::m^ 
Xl\  .  wlirno,  II  111  !  I'l  ■  nam;-  •  it  ihc  R'l'a'  iMic. 
Si-,  I'  fli  ic>.c>liit,.-.n  k-  I'ala  s  lN.')>al  In-,  JH-ri  iiiai  '.1 
Ir  111  liii  .!c  h  Rcvolii'i  )■!. 

TIk  pa!  I.  (.■,  wIkt.- ihc  p'.r'iri!  m  ot  I'.i's  ufta  !<> 
ni-(i,  >vi  •.i.-i-ntl'-l!-,;'  I  llikii.  ■  ■•(' liic  k':r;  . '.  '.ii  ".a-. 
LMvm  lo  ill.  "lii  \i'^  '.i  uilli'f  li)  I'liilip  !li:  r'air.  will) 
f'ixcil  ilic  iriiriaiii'.ii  a!  I'a-i-.  Tlu-  -^ilm;  lall'vi 
In  lit  a.  coiilin.;  I'l  Mk  plan  i  it  ami  h  r  vcrv  a.i  n  i 
,  ih-  -l-.v  'a;-s  iifiv,  r.Mir.  I  \vl:icii  Ikioil  llu-  <!  ilu.s  ot  .ia- 


nin:  ni!icMit  as  nn.l  !•  .  Wii'i  i-  cilui!  ilie  Old 
f  .(Hiviv  toni'iiso!  ;  .  >  W'.  nt' l)ui\li!';.i«,  ikai  form  an 
iiitrii)!'  ap'.l  ,  ill''  1  >' '  •<  '  i  «'  !•  11  arc  ..il.aaiccl  wi;li 
veiv  fmc  paccM,!  a:t:;.il(..;iuv.  Ti.c  wliole  hiiikling 
isthrci-  k.iri.-  Ii'p;''..  I'lx-  lirll  is  ol  li'fCi.irintiiian  i  rd  r, 
lia-  r,',.i;ul  <:  '■'■■■.■  C:nv.yM]v,  a' d  tl.c  lliird  at  l!.c 
All'..  Th.'  ioi'  nr  outward  f  nais  a!\-  adovncd  v.';') 
cIiaimcT:  >.\  t  liniiiis,  :.iid  ill.-  i.ii.t:-  v.ali  piLiUr,  of  t!^.- 
laiiK  ou'r.T  ■nil  llur.c  c'..liiir.i",.  Wluii  is  cliicll)'  ad- 
miud  1  tlic  propoitinn  ot'ilic  window^..:  ilic  Ictond 
l'';:v,  l!v.- tal'i.sot' wiiicli  an-  atloiiud  aiiIi  a  p^'ikir.cnc 
•I't  K'ali-'i'    nil"  ulir  and  liiciJar.     Tlic  il.iul  tkiiv. 


kaV: 


11 


;s    wa    1  !ii' 


1  uf  \v!i  H'  liii-'lc    piinc.-- 


,,m!a"M-,   lo  !lii    aiiinai. 


,1 


'I'll,   '..nind  I  liani'H  r  i 


I  .'IlllJU 


(.1  iq      •■!     a.l    il  I 


1.      It  ,^as  I. 


II    illL-   IC'l  Ml 


S    .1 


illO  iilcd  t'l  ■  1'. 


tl  n- '.  tlifio  1111 


kk,  k, 


p,.t 

r  .viirc  i  li 


JvHir  niii.k  t  to  111 
A  'li,  Il   aio  c  a' IV 


ak  •  tip  ik    11  '.'    ■ 
)ii -   Ills   I'll'  i    'ts. 


oi'  I'.c  At; I.  ..:  vr,  l,as  a! 
CJi.lilliii,:;   ;n  t.-.p'ii.-^  ot  ar.u  ,  i 


lo   ilk'   \.  ){):!   ''V     i.a 

t  I'l  UUIT  .      hi   lit 
kmd    >  f  I'ad  iV   I 


jiaiiiciil.ir  oniaii.-iu  ■, 
a  baiio-rjlievo  lix  d 

t. 


1..,  ,1 


it'iportt 


<   ft  ■  hifi/iii. 
..1   !.v  |i 


iHcn 


.a>.  t  iriitc 
CirtatiiT 


11 1:  11  w  a^  II  1 


I 


iid-  iia  .  a 


.1  111  ,  Il  u  ;i  It"' 


Wr   ni    l(  ll    illHT    I'lail    i.iiS,     I     I    I 

lit.!  i'  i;U(-.!  ••(•:  V  II     ii'ili.ll   . 
:  -;iin  .!:•  ;:'  t  t"    tti  t'u' 


f  COtt'  1  o 


11  rv  of  1   f 


I  'c  i  uirlcrri  ■■,  "  ::i  :' 
lin  !i  i:i  litiiopc.-;  in  ' 
\\  :■  I  !  iiii!,~  o  mail'  I 
XIII.   li-iiilicd  ih    Ir.iii 


1)  •  t'-ir  nrnanicnts  in  !!c  i  n- 

S'.'.if.r".   '■-  a 

j,aniu;  lii;iire-. 

I.-.  I  ,iV.  Jt.tiniii  It's  ; 

;  catiii.'  pLus  ;tii  !  in- 

I'iwifi  :i  ottli.'  I'Mii. 

th    iiv  t  lidf,  I, i tile  lo 

■.!;■_,  ai.d  cllu.  tiicJ  t'  c 

il    o.iitiiv'di  iti;.',  a,'d 


a:.)r,i; 


111  paiiiiiit  ■ 
i.  a-id  kiiik 


[..■ 


onn  ..t 


wll!    il  1 .  k 


lino,   in  111     liiioOtv;,  o\ci 
kv  1 ',>,.!  to,v.  ot'vcfv  lari;e 


111,-   ir.l.r,  an,l 


all 


11    ul 'riK'ti 


T;     il  ■  .1  l).-i!  I    t' 
:;   I',      lit  iio  pi  ai  i:i 

il  :ti  p     i   I'  til'  l.ik   II  ' 
llv,:  1'  ,:.    ,i!  ■  111"  urd   1 


►•1  a    tlu-  I    I 
^'k     lid  i    I 


le  itorit  1,1  t'le  c 


lurt 


!i  liac  '.culptiav 


Xl'i 


Ik 


't  c  rtts  ttpon  titc  c 


111  front. 


ii'.-  lit,  .iti'-  \i 
■\  ^t.  All' 'It' 


f,v  Mt'Sifk^l-  I    i-a  t|-:«- i-tinij^f.'  >• 


Ti 


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■,0     t./iV,  ■,>'•<. 


cxaoilv  I  ;■.;  < 
n  is  111  il:c  r 
has  [T.'i.i'tr  .1 


tti  ■  i"'ttii.  ;  a  '.v. 


ii'l  t:ii  o;r,:i.  -tit 


mat' 


i'  15  1  Ik-  e:iii  ^ttc  of  th'.'  pahv. e  ; 


ln,M\ 


a-re  <w.\  t.' 


kK«</i  oi  thJ  Cot'HS'''hi'.''i'  ord-T.  wiiuli  kip- 


p-y-t  X  lai-gc  urr.v  - 


I 


That  i-  vari^' ■,..  ill)  a  llatcly  bah 


he  I'-iiirT,  witi'li  i-  in  ^v 


ddk' 


of  ti.at  iatu,t; 


is  I  A'!*  <3  w.'-- 

n 


l/T.-:,  ...    ,.rt-/ 


u.tlkniy:  f.'i     nil 


jSI;' 


luin  ih--  vV' 
!:rrr  i<,  .1  d. 


•1   !!,.i,('/...-,i-i:,  V- 


veil'  !i.  ai 


'.v.tl»l  .C  [it'IV   ,i.' 


Iqti.-.rc; 


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u    f'tn^"' 


1  <ii  Cf-.t    1 


;i.;\li:   -tl' 


'/i"ridvi^  ,>\<'>^,  hluri'iiii''  mat  t;rai  court 


i;.;i   nr,.ti;i  ii 


',«    -b  ni' 


thn-i-  \ 


,r.u{    '..I   It   i)u 


It.     T' 


itiu-^  that 


k*:';        c.  a  It'  'H  ■  iii.ii  :i' 


■r  It  Is  k,'",',iin,  IS  to  con 


ia'-fs.  111  '11-. 


ic  ,  I  tiiifc   •  s,  .i;.i; 
■  i''u-.'i      -aA  vx 


f/TS    t>» 


rtlKllll* 


■t'ith  ihcir  p.'Uetiai 


lift 

the 


;t  ..   «.     '.11 


i  I'.ix  ■ 


■.11     ,     11-     ,!l 


■lUtmiMti"  III. 


I'Ci  a    'i".\ 


a;  I    it 


lilt' 


i!u-  ri   tl 


I 


h.  ',i;  iniiii'.i; 
tt:|,.liii"  o:    I. 


i't  at 


tun 


tl  red  hi  . 
ji  ji     tli.i 


'ihc'.)  ot  litcC'Jin- 


f  tlic  protector  oS 


uliri'  11- 


a'l.ittiiif'it  n  !! 
•.•,  a^'ii  to  the  i(  -k 


10  11    ,1  t.i'.-tr 


t'lt'iC 


ii't'tny 


I  ii,t.,>l'»  -i: 
C-,     Tic. 


body  an 
aticnililics  in  ; 
rcriptions,  and 


demy 


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' '  -    ^'-'s  ;i     ii.'.  ,1. 

'        n'\    ■'    ■   '   ,:«.       In 

"\'"  111  ■   .>.)   nil  i^ 

■ilnl  .1     il  J'.Min  '  -.il,'; 
|r     lll.i!  i;    !•':  inr     \.\-  ', 

•'■'   ■■■>\,    >■..  i-i'i;i!Lj, 

|.i  u  Ml,.-  i  l'\ii!t  "11  ilw,- 
>•  '"'■•  ll  "111  i::ii'.^ 
■'■I'l    !t    .  .1.1,  .i;iJ   ni" 

IP     ■:  1.H    I'li;  , 

:.  u  1  i;,    .    ■' 


■  '    :■   ■  :     ..n.l 

.      1.  :-      ,  ui:;, 
■  ■ 1    "il  ,  'i'.  i;:i 

;'  I    ■  1.  :'  ■  I'vo,,.- 


Il 


.1'  I.    [ 


■!v  ■.  1  mil  .1.     '1  i, . 

1.  .11  111!    a.i,    i    u'  c 
:l' iiii'l  ill.   v,,,ll.      1  1,- 
I'll-li  -.;lJ   |.i  IfPii     11 

111  It  V.  ic  hi:rir  ,1  to 
<•'  •■i\iiiii  1.     'I  iu    I   ,:;J 

!i.  iril.  III!',.,'.  ;  |ii:[  I 
i  i'.  :i  I'l  :    ,   Il  •  w.i-  ,'..•- 

"     ll     •   '    ,     -l    .   I     I       It     I, IS 

"ll     I  Vl'I.    I),     u-   Ik- 

[  l"l".    ,  in,.  1)11  ih^- 

^it  .kV    (III    I,..,    ,jt  />,  .V/.V 

~  I'liili  '  V  Ml",  il-  Mc- 

'  '■  "'I  -■    !  I  Jr,i-Mi'  Hi".', 

i''"  "1  liv--     :  ii,>v  M.-,,|-, 

iii^'^   ^'-  1!    •:•■  ;    ,l:.cl  1, 

■I'  ;'  ■  .V    111   .,;.  '-[[.c- 

'■  ".   ■•i.lA    •:  ;    1  ullil^  , 

'    I;  - ::;    I  ',  '  ■.<  iiii 

-■       .       I"  "      \iuv  Ji; 

ll  .li'.-  J.  Ill  .;■■ ,  III  :j. 

,    ;  >l   :.n    I.,.   !,i   I,. 


•  ■   \\)'\'^   '•)  ,  '   t 

•>Mlll 

^         * 

I. 

1 

1 

I'     ■  ll 

.K  ■ 

.     1 

Ml 

1   ,              <  '      t 

.l..:„0 

1   '■  .    . 

.in  ; 

t              .1 

imili- 

-  •', 

'.ili  n  , 

liiii- 
*  1  ,.  • 

s 

II:  i; 
Ml 

'    t  '■ 

1    l:.c 

\ 

1   :oi. 

I'    .    •    -V  .    I    irf 


IlliilL 


r/v'ROI'K.] 


r     R     A     N     C     F. 


fi-J? 


I'liiilic  K  i:luie<;  ,niv  rnul  nnl\  in  iIr-  Ii  iir  |iriiii  ipal, 
Tlif  rc'lor,  vi  II.)  f-  il.i  in  ail  n:  tli,  iini''c-rli!v,  is  >  lioUii 
c-vtTV  tlin  .■  m  ir.tir  ;  ili.'  pi-'klliirs  li:ivc  li'itl.tl  r.iLiii.'s. 

'\'\\<:  fiolnliii-  i--  ;i  'lo'iic  Id  cail.il  lioin  mic  < ml  e- 
jin,  all  cinini'iit  d.'i-,  \\U<>  n- im-.n!  irom  Rlirm^  to 
t  .1 1;  Ii  ')!  l'"ra;;L:' 


I'aii'^,  tiiiiki-  t! 
li  mil'.  I  II-  111! 
liiiil  Icaii  I  ("'"111    1  ;il 


\.V  (ill'.vllllS.        I  AWl'    \IV.     h 


<■(  li.C 

"I  I  111-.  \vl|.  IC  Ik    ill  ll 


ml  I;,)':;;:!    Ilia; 
,,i  ilicl  I  IT'  "•  ■Iv'",-;  ill  ll'  -I  1  "•Hi- 
ll    niiiv  ,   tiic  ll  ,1  K't 
.11   "I  ill  M    aiiii   I   inc 


,  m  avit,ui":v  i 


if  111 


MP! 


111).'.;  aiiil    k'liLiI    .1   niiiiV'ir    ut    poiii  an,!    liKii 


I  Mth. 


I'liii  I's,  i  iiri)i"!ilc!i.-is.   pim'cr,  I  iiV"rs,  aiu 

lniLis   IM    cvci^    Ih.iihIi  lli.n    ri.-l  itts  to  Ijil.  lulor  and 

111  i_t;nilii  CIV  c.      I  Icif  ail   in.iin  lluiii^i-  ol  iiii.tl  ciri"ii' 

\voikiiianllii|i. 

Tiic  "i  .  ■•:\\   liol|)itnl    is  a  v- rv  liiiminc  aiul  n  lUli- 
roiiiui.iiii)!!  In-  llu'  iKvir  (it  tin-  r  iii.ik-  i(.  \,  ;'r.  ai    iui,ii. 


»  i^  ol  «  I'om   If. 


Iici.'  pro  VI.  Ill  I  lor :  I  Inn-  v,  ho  .i:..-  v, ..  I 


arc  .  o  iipcll.  ll  I.I  w. 11  k,  111.   I  li(-  iitk  ar^- ll  iidiiK  luiikd. 


d  1 .11  (.lull  V  rnpi.li.d  vMlli  I  vi-;v  lie  i  liar  v. 


!)i 


(i 


;ids  ,irc  idiKi'iiv,  ly  alii .  n.d    lor  f  iiiulliii'^  ,   u  iiip- 


.s.  nil  ;ls, 


111 


A'  tl 


IS     liCllCl 


ll   l:"l"- 


pit. 'I  I    aj^pr(ipr;,i!.  d  to  t.iii.il,-- only,  IIici.Im 


".. 


I  •lie   1-.  a  kiiul  ( 


n  couiil   1  pari,  ,'nd  .ij 


'lioin.td    lor  liic' 


I'.liitoi    hniiLr  iv.(,\iiiii  ^   III    I'l    ni'.iilix;   v 


Ilk. 


ri'i   tor  .I'lillici  pi!ip"U-,  vi/.   til'    puiliiiinu  111  ot  (.1  il 


di    II  M.'io  W  I  1  diliolu.i'  li\ 


11  .lie  uiuiiiliuil  lo  ,li,  ir 


iiai    Ills. 


r 


H'lh 


'  111  I  11    ivii;    liiil   l.iiind.'d   in   llic  1 1  .ir 


ll'  null  r  "I 


l  Is    A 


III 


.1,.;  ii,.i:iK.ii  I 


I   n    ;6 


.•  v.'i  IV  .It    lull    Ii  iir   I  1"!   II  i;     ol    !  oi  .iiv,   i;i   il; 


111 


4.  'I'licAcadciDy  ot'Paiiiliiijan  !  S  iilptiirc,  10111;.'  d 
161..'.     Tlif  iiiafli  i -picLC-i  ol  ll  c  p.iliuiT^  aiul  Itnlp- 


tors  a;iiniiic'd  into  1I1I-.  acadiMiu  ar.'  di,]iolicl  in  dil- 
icitn  liaIN,  and  inarkii!  « iili  ilu  iiaiiic-.  it  i!ic  fcvcral 
.uiilN. 

5.  T'  c   A(n, 


it    Ari  I'liii-i  niv  wa^ 


Iviit  iuf  i-i'  til. 
Ii    IS  divided  iiiio  two  elille^i  tlie  hill  1 


I   I '1/1,  lull  liol  ,l.;il.oii/cd  |.\   ..-Mirs   pa 


olllliICi,   iM 


(  oii'.M.  1  v(l  ol   .  (>  ai(  line.Ms,  a  |  loi.  i!   r,  and  a  lecitt  1; 
and  ilie  le.  oiid  o:   1  >  oilu  r  .r.'liii  . 


IV  ll   le    p"!!,    a^   \v.  11   a  .  llic  In  ul.ii'. 
d  ID  read  pul'li.   lectures  (in  I'.u. 


le  pn^telior, 
is  ifir   lili ,  Ii 


1 


All  111  fi- ell 


.inlillillicnt'  lei;il     lo   ii-f.    a:.  I   I   leri'T'i 


Til  T.  ai     "■l''ei-cleriBned  lor  llic  ii 


I  lie-,  and    pr.  iiiuiiing  r..  liL'J.iii.     IJelore  the  rev  iliil 


thei 


iipruvenicnt  ot  vir- 


ion 


ic  W'.re    10   (it  tli.le    leminaries    a 


I    1'. 


diiih 


ins,   amoni' 


fori 


ne  illi,a:i:i  a"."ther'or  li  illi  pri 


and   moll  ol  ill    liiihup^  li..,l  I'luh  llniiriarie'    .,1    ilie.i 

dio      I.  i. 

CoiiijiirilDiv.  Iiavc  hn  n  U'ld  are  iVeipi.-ntlv  drawn 
liel.ueii  llr.s  iiielropoll-.  .ir.d  liiil  o.  I  n  ■  .uil.  T'-e 
ii.iliv.so!  the  pi  Ipieiiii  11  i;i"il .  Ii.ive,  doi.lvU-l  .  li  ,  11 
inlliiendd  In  lliai  patnoii.  all.i.  i,;n  n;  aLiolt  'ilepi- 
r.i  I  lioiii  hum  in  n.Uiiie,  a  u!  triiliepicfenMtiiris  have 
bei'ii    the    iiiiav.iiilalili-    e"nU(.juence. 


W 


r.'i.iii  "I  Vih   111  I'l    Liiii'  I  ll.ild. 


in  I  '1- 


IV.. I'l.ii ,101  ol  ill,' 
ni  .Le  lie  .,nal\  I's, 
'111. 


lain  >,   one   ot  \vli..:u  i.^  i,l,lii;,d  M 

;■  eli.mii  .ll  dcnv  mil  rail.)!:  ot  lii.'in. 

.11   i\  wliere   tliev  i.ad  1     lure    ot 

1  iiji^.iv.anda  i  i  :  k  ul.ir  li:ill  'or  aii.Uomieai  li.  mon- 

:■  lll":i 


.ll 


and  i  .'tin-   y 


111  .11(1 '  i'or  ll 


di  !.  wli 


ir  :  " ;  J  il.!.;e  u.'-  an.  iilier  (ic- 
(■liiee  is  10  ri.i.i  Liiu'.'c^  upon 


i;  iiel.iie  pi  "1111  111.  e  deeiliv.U  i5n  I    e  ir.alt.r ;   bii 
iiii..  il'iis  i^iviii   ihenull  a'-iifa'ca.    i.';"i  o.  1,^;. 


tr.  I)  lis 


xiiil  pioeure,  Uilrnii  K  oi  L  e  e  niili'l  ami 


mil  111   en    le.idei  ;  lnounii   weliankl    cut 


s    ,1    1)1.1-. 


ll  opi,,i  .11  111  lav  our  ot 


oiKloii,   .111.1   \v.'   pri.uiiie  uc 


ll'.ail  ll    •■i!lil:    I  ilur  111  hv  ;mj\irti.il  ti, sellers. 

111'.'  iiLi.di  oudi  od  "t   i'.iri^  il  v.TV  pleaiant,  and 
e()ii:..i:i     a     re  it  iiiiuiher  ol   t  r.vns,   villa;ic-,   ficc.  and 
Ani'iiii:   the  lali   in  iI.h  covernnicnt 


!o:ii'-  li.'ie  le.ils. 


ir  lies 


M   luloii;    aiiutlier  at  .St.  M.li 
c.iUed  Co-iilau  ,  near  ti;e  conflux  of 
ihe  S.iu  ■  aid  .Mirnc;    one  ;u  |IV\  ,  w'lie'i  iHlonsitl  i) 


I  lie  p  .l.'i-(j 


the  M.iP-i.i  Me 
Si.  \  1,-t 


il'liev  c   111.1111  .1  .ill  cxtcilMit  lil'vary  of 


curious    lu.iiiuli  1 1' 


a-     u    I!    .1'    piriled   !■ 


iii.uiv  adniir.ilile  maps,   piini'.  ;\e. 


Tot' 


pluiiciins  Ic 


loii^   I 


III''.',  rv  was  ml!  lul  d  111  1  ■ 


proli  li.ii-. 

r 


IC  ceiiicgc  (.11 
il  ;u  .1  I. my  ■  i| 
iiiv.  Ill  •  I  liaii- 


I  .c     plIIU.'     I 
tliul.   ial|. 


it   C..!ld( 


ill  r  at  R.mi'iou  l.,t ;  and 


.M 


iilon- 


I  IP  .Ills  wa- 


ll..-  riihell    111    I'iMiice.       I  lie 


■  iiveiil    1  I 
I.  iiidr 


C.inliiiri.U's  com. lined  iiiiiiv  iliu  p.iuunii'.  ;  .ui  I,  m  \\\i 
1. 11  le  1:11  liter,  aie  lom.-  0  11 1.1111-  ol  ih.-  p.il.e  o  J  ih  e 
llie  ,ipi. il.lt  .  1,1  th  ■  h.iP  I  d.  -  .•\ilii..lll  id-ii  :iui  ..M- 
d  ir  e  n.l-  i.iiii  ■:  V  aie  e. lieu  ,1.1, d  11:1  i!ictpa.e.l  ::;ie. 
d.iv,  and  ihcle    lioiil   u  mole  eo-.:iiliPs    di,:::.-    iheii 


lele 


;e.  ai  I  Mi 


ciiiMiii  lie  Pie/.   I  "i-t  -i'le-i   a  i . 


'Ihe  al.l-e-  "    ."^P  ', 
hliu-i  "i  1 1:'  i'.)i:! .  -,  ,1  va'i'alile  l!ii.i;'\  1  t  pi  iiiled  o  i"'. 
.iiiil  ,1  I'leil  iiUMili' r  o!  in  iiiulii  ipl  \"luiii  s.       I  he  Ir 
lei  lie    Ipv  illdi   ,   1 01  (ll  ,ilil  at  luldiei-,  w  is  cn  >  1  -d 


In  llic  government   ■  I    oi.-  Ill  - 
eludeii  a  pari  alio  ot  I'eitli.-,    I'n. 


01    I-'t'ancf.   is   in- 
rdv ,  Bne,  (iatinois. 


joaui  e,  aiiil  al 


I  A-  \'cxin  I' 


r  in(,.)is 


ll 


IS    ilUlllul     ID 


'.ram,  trims,  and  w  mc,   and  (.o.itain- the  tu.low.:.ii  t^-- 


ikal.l,- 
Si.  \) 

il.iili  h 


jil.ii  IS  : 
III-,  I  oiiimonlv   i.iiki 


I  St.  n. 


i-ius    til    I  puiei 


IJ- 


.iil  l.vii  le.u'ucs  t'ro;ti  I'.ii  s  10  tin-  north. 

atc.l  to  St. 
It  has 


liev  01  "leat  aiitK|iul\,  (.ledie 


lis,   the  ;  .itr -11,   01  tiiicl.u-  taint 


it   I-- 


.ai  lie^iiil  !.\aiden,  and  lietore  the  rcvilutioii  contained 


.1    11   h    lie.ilur",   in    v.  lue 


ll    were   alio  ki.  ,>i  il 


K    eroivn 


'c  I  (  K.      Ill  il-  i  inn   ll  aie  the  le|iiileliris  ,)t  ihc  French 
ki  -^'.s  I'-e  piiiiiesand  pi  inc  lies  ot  the  lilo()d,arid  oth- 


10    I     'icu  perloii.ii;.s,  paiii.  ui.iio  lliai  01  ir.i 


ll-  ll  -I 


ili.ilTuiennc 


It,  vvl 


iicli  wis  (.1  the  JK-neiliii  .ncorder,  .inti. 


I  .- IV I    \l\',    |..r  il,(.  m  i.iiii  iiaiue  ol  I  line  and  lep.  laii-  P  vv.ili    iis    pre.  met  ■■ 


WIS   itr.ir.ci: 


li.itclv     ll 


to    tin. 


Unci 


mil   I'.  Id  (IS  ;   I'lie   I  iiili'iii 


in;.     Ill        p. 


Iv   e-.i.iiliie   a-t'i   iiAcr  1  7  a.  1.  .  ..t  gri.uiid.  p  :o:il:liip  ol  t  le  tu-.vn.       1  In-  l  r,v  n  is  nol.-,:  !.:r  its  la 


h.iil    a  ii.nli  ll  p.Mc  uiionic,   lo.'ril 
II 


fllKl    I  111    ill. II 


,a;'iiltl.  ail. 


Ne.a   the   hol.iual   ol 


nv.ilidr.  Is  aimliPiiv  aca-lemv  lor  the  inllrii"!  10:1 1  t  ;-;o  . 

.  i.::.p.:ei:ne-::en  iiievei  v  llir-i!;  relative  lom   an  oi  war. 

The    Icveial    aeilelliles   m   I'.-.iis  thai  delci  ve  t.i  li, 

lailiiiiliily  iiuiui'ii  dar,   ilu  loll.iwini'. 


Tile  Al 


1 


.lli(,.i||e,    or   1  ll  111    1 


-\-.ii' 


loundcd  by  i.iiilin.il  Isul  luii  lor  the  impidveiUiiil  ■  >i 
t'l.  I-rciii  ll  laii'^iKiec,  m  lucii  .1  dcjiee  a-  lo  rediiee  11  to 
a  dcuriiiinatc  lland.ird.      It  i.ailillsot   loitv  meiiil-.eis, 


who  iiiecl  .u  11. Ill  d  tmies  Pi  :ii|)en;iteiul  the  mlliaai  ai 
lielaiiie  I'V  eveiv  pioli.ililc  means. 


anil  pioiiiole  lliela 


The  Acad,  iiiy  ot  lii.i  iipiions 


IWIesI. 


inllllulrd  lor  li;c  advaiiecmeiit  ot  pollle  liur.Ulire.     li 


I  Ills  .icadeniv   iiicicni    iiioiuiiii  n;    .i.c  cNpiniiil 


ad 


pul.lic  li  .11  iiiioiis  per] 


ili..ite'l  l-\  lu.dal  ,  mil  1  ipp 


.p   The    ,\.,i.!emy    ol   Sciences,   inllipiied  in    iCen., 
I     lis  lioiiu-ai  V    I'lciiilicis,  penli "iiers,  .iiloi  I  111  s,   .in.l 
ihldi-nls.      'I  iiel.-   apply    lliemlelves    10    llie    dille.iil 


Lipuiihcs  ot  ihe  malliLiiial 


Ni 


Kh    UKl  ll.lUllal  [.lliloioph)  , 


ll 


m.lMi-r    II 


.e  paik,  or  wo   .!,  lall  d  L,e  li  n-  lie  \  ;"i.i.-!i;'es,whi,li 


,i|'))'.ria-n  ■:  t  -  P 
p.iik  IS  vcrv  l.ii  ^'1 


:n  I,  lo-^iithci  vvuli  tin-  \\n  ic. 
Tl.e  calUe  was  iit',d  as  a  ll. 


Tl 


|.,n,aii  I  the  avenue  lea..iiii :   lo  it  is  p|-inicd  w;i:i  lour 
heaul  itul  row    ot  ..  lins. 

Moulin.  .ieiu  I ,  an  .111  leni  I  ul  liii  ill  town,  c   ntain,-il 


i  1  onvent  01  mo; 


T 


le  aiii  lent  iliil- 


M  mimo- 


r  IV  \  look  I'-iii  ink-  li.'iiiilii-  town, anil  111  ihechursli 
llii  :r  loipl  s  are  v  et  to  [w  Iceii. 


Cori-el,   liPi.ited  a;  tl 


e    conlliix  o.   tlic 


iMi; 


rue  .mil 


S  in.-,  li.id  liveral  lonvints,  i  hur,  lies,  two  Imdi'.es,  and 
an  l-o'p:ia',  and  il'(- 1  liv.  I  ti.ide  is  111  ikiiis. 


C"   -.rcrp 


ihe   Mi 


.1-  1.  nil.  ilv  cili-hiitcl 


t'l  ll".   iel"ii   oi    I  111   oliop. ;   iviii  ihc  leviii  ,i;i   .i  ol  ihe 
I'  ill  ol  N.inl/.  diove  lliciii  l;olli  llieiui  : 


I  "1  p  i|.  I  UP"'    IV)  exeiili   admii 
M   11  mini  liehcve  u 


cv  e  u  11. lie  ei  111, 


.  Ill,  \  ,    II   iii'.le: 


t:jm  i'j 


Ills  10  tl.C   IK  nil   C- 


all, 


'7- 


lOll- 

i.iintd 


¥ 


ill 


It  ' 


I 


A  NFW,  R(>YAT. 


ArTlII.NTIC  SVSTr.M  .,   r\iviii:^Ai, 


U'lIY, 


:U'\lin(.'i''-iiV(.iu  .'.lul  tuocLuuhcs-iiu!  hi- 


DMiiS  t.)  tin. 


is 


I 


iri'^'' 


':fl 


<  >ili'.uis  i.imilv . 


^l■•lll^,  nil  !h 


M  v 


L'  Nilotic,  !■>  npuMids  lit   'o  nii'f':  ri'irlh 


111-  ;\u  IS  iiiu.li 


k:iM\ 


111, I  ir  !P\-  .it  tin   lov.il  i  li  Kl.i  1  ..|  l-'i.iii  I-  I'.iv 


'I'lii      oil  wiiit  li  ;u-- 


I-  iHt-n 


11;  ilnl  111  l!i.-  i.itili.-.      Il 
v.  '  11.  ri ',    'mum. 

Cii uriliv  I-  .11,,  ill  I  , 
U  .,^  t'.U'  pii'i  iiiv  ■  I  ilii- 1 
tl  n  IS  lilUnlilllUilliv  ]i 
llliul  ii|'  111  ill    li.il.l  ;    Im 


Iri.-  m:I  iIu-  liir. 


Il  h.ls    I  lili     iv  !,    n  illi  !> 


.1  f, 


III 


.  .   .UUl  Us   lllli.l- 

l^    .1  ia!,iiK-t 

'I    1  I  lioiti-  1  ')l 


\'cri 


rl.i'i'(-5  i";  ;  i'  l!i..;i's  tc- ,   r-;  i^  I'-.  .i;..|  i  iiir  k-.U','.:  ^ 


trmii  I'.iii-.    l^c'vi   Xl\' 
'n-<\-,  :uul  ailoin  i|  i: 


:.!.n:lK-L-,il  ji.iU  c 
■1    :    ■!  Ilaiiils  Mil 


.1    Mli'io,  L;i"-'iliil  n  'i.i-    n.        i    vt   .i  v  i,,   ^   lii- i.Hini'i-il 


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li,'iKs,   ilii,|ik.|    l'\  i!i.i;.>t  111  'inij'-    I    11, linn-,   lo  .is  l.vci\  kidiii    in  t.  :     i,i.l  Ic    iil.i.c   lul   ;i  i 


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l,iki  ;i  I  1  ll  ':>Li  li\  : ;  I   I    i^-'  ,ili  m  i  i  :    .      Ik  ■-    |,  a  i  i 
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(ill  \\  1.11,1  'Hit;   -..  '.,1   .  I',,  I.  ,;.     I   i_    ll  |\\  iliiii    t'l-A  tl'  ! 
.">[.  C'.'ni.liiis.      1  il.  1    Jx    I  ll,  -  i  i  i.c  [  I  11' ii'.iii    L'jii-  j 
l.ik  ,'l  I  'la.-.v"  '.1,  .1:   1  v\  „'!,  I 

;\i  \'ill.:    C";:'.ui,-,  .;  liil    t  "-v  n  ''.\     Ii  i-.m-c    trom 

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I   pr'.ttltilii;  .I'.MiiiIl  iIk- 
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Il'll   till-   ll^'lt    I  ■       ll.t   tilL'      luiuil     klll'J,       iliiiir,;     li   ; 

\.ii.'.,n,  y  of  ilii-  .i  ,p  :  „j,.,l  I  (.-  .r  Ulii-nn  ,  oi  ,n  In 
ai.  iil'i'li'ipV  ai  ll  111 . .  Ii  ,!,  VI-  .i  t:ic:ii  t:  i  i-  in  'iin. 
I  kii  1-  111  '1.1  I  r  ,  r,,i  ;i  u.hl,  -nv .  -.Wm:  ■  oL  i.t  is 
i:,,   !  i-iv  .IS  tli.il    .1  ill.    1-  c;k  ll  .1.  ailiiiiy   It  I'.ri.. 

N(i\  n,  (111  the  Viirii.,  i-  a  p'aii-  "t  .iiiLqii  t.,  i  apa 
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It  I  "Ml.iKi'-icv.  1..U1  11  ihi-  ,  t:  ;.;ita,  ■  :  h..r|i  ral,  :iiul 
|!k-..iiiu  luiiiiliir  ,,t  ;ii;  il.  jzauhir.  I  iia>  uu-.it  ir.uK 
111  '.i'  i.it  and  ii.ts  iiianv  iii.iiv.r.i -i.th  -  vi--  niiii.i  t  , 
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ii.i:  Miv  oi  til'.- iii.i.-a'.iil  I  ii;i  Cil',  :ii.  h  '.la  tliili. 
I't  a  liiiliop  nil  iliv  ll  vi  ill  i.jii. 

1  ..u.'ii.  '  k-'i'vi'  V  :i,.  th-  .11!  .'I  P.iri-,  !«  a  i-an-.tli  nv.  ' 
i.i  '.-I,  -.\li,(li  I  i.-oi  V  ,  \^..v  ;,ii(.  ,11,.  ll  I  'iiiaihs  ti-VM-  ll  1 1 
ili'.niiis.  iia  a  ia"k-,  i..il,c,li  ,1,  aii'l  i"lk-'4  ,  uid  iv.i-  'i 
til-    i'      '  t'  .1  I'ilii    1'  !■!■  til.   ri.\,,|, .,.,.:,.  ""  j; 

'"I'l  "11  I--  ,1  :-;ii'.l  t  -v..",,  a!,  .n  ti\  -  h  i m  -  t,  n,  li 
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'I'    i-     III'.'    C'ini.llll-,    I'.l'll'-v    |,., villi    HUIIiIkv,     (    j;i.j       .,;     ,     I 

,111,1  I'l^iii  ')!  juiii' 1-,  111  1111,1,1  i'.' n,,  (,t  '.' ii)!,  n,  'r  1:1, 
■('.•  ,  tapiri',,  >\w  In  ilii- iiriv  iIimi'.'H  ,(  I-i..iil,., 
K   l,..-ll^  1'  ;hc  i,i;.;i.il  .  t  'h    ili.-p.iii:,,L-nt  •>:  ( )..i-. 

I'-.^itJi-.i.-,  uii  t  ll  ( )i  I,  ih,  lapi.il  .>;  \  ,  \;.i- 1  rai,- 
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I  ■,'•  ^  /:iV'.-n!- ..n  I  k  ,      ili.iiiits.      Over  ihi-  iivi-i  It  his 
a  i;-!"  1  '■'     l;ii  ,  liij'il  .ill  ll    iivdi  I'S  llsiiaiiK.        Iin- 
paiiiaiLii:'    .'    I'ai:-   ...    Iiaii'ilnil    luiln-i  m    i  ;  ■  _    an,!    ' 
'■'■','  '  ' 

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1-  .1  IV.,  '..'  11  tjjai.-:la  -..iv.      A  ,,|^.,t    |,,i,ip    ..^.,i,  ,,„,    ',. 

II  .;  li.  s  1  1...  11  111  1-6:,  l„,-.v,,  I,  ,1,^.  R,„,ni,  Caili,,,,.  V 
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--  .Cl'.i.;  isliiu.llL-i!  .ll  :'.!-- Si-,,a  .t'.v,  k-a^,R-s  bi'.iiv 
1'..  ,  'I  he-  laiiuiy  1,1  Uili..:,  1^,  a  pal,.i,,  hi-n-,  unh 
wry  i.uu  ;4.ii'.iciis. 


iill-|)l.liku  'h  th.  i.,l.;  •  Mill-  W.' I  !i-vii,il  pi.-tiii,  ,, 
I  ,  lii-tl'l'.  \  iruri  ,:i,  .1  ,,in.-;'i.  1  i.ilpti,  huiliii.; 
il.i-  iit.ii.t  Jtl:,  1',  :  :  .-.  ■:,  .  a:!  1  .  -i.".  ;-.!  'I  h  I  .\v 
uiih,   ii-\,iai    p  h.'.i  11,  .   -i'lii    n    i''i,':.ii;  i!i    \  ii^m 

\I.IIV    .Dill    ."^l.    I    :  ,,i     |1'  in;;  I    t'      l-.jVl'l-    I'*     'illliii); 

:li    wiimiii   it.-i,|  .|   a   il'mlv    ll"\   ..y    Om  Sivi'm.h, 

■'  '11'   I'V  I'.i  :i  "•  II  '■■  I,   .■•  I.      '1     i  'nil!    11     \    1,11    1,  i^ 

lll.it  ".lulii,  I    p. nil-  .' "-I  ;    (.- 1  (  i'!ii,',   ll  ii:i;i  1"  .1  ,  ll  i.iot 

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ll'.i.-     .1.   ,   11:   .    .    I        :  ,      li   1  III,  T,..!!.      I  !i    .    v.itc  lli,- 

pi.'ilili     ll   N    i  ,,    I  I   ,    .,iiA:ii.;'  li.i     I'liiillig  111 

■'•'■  i;,i  u    li     "1  iV'       ...  \  1      ,        ■  r-.h.  ■.ii'ii.  .iia,-.- 

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.ir,.i  ;  .11., I  I     t    ;;.-  .i\     -  .  1.    :..    .-.;     v. 

•A-  -il-  1  .ll  '  ■  '.wii  '  1  ,;.  :  '  t  ■  li  ,1  1:  .1,  tl't-  II  /c 
IS  .1  1  ,::\.A  "  ii;i  li'i;  ii.  ,  '-1  ,  .i  ■  ,  a-  il  r  1;  .!  ::  ,'  t  . 
O.iii!",'.!  u!'.  ui  I !  iphi,  I  ijil  nut.il,ii'i'.l(-r  ivi.  I  il 
■'•  1  1  ,:i'  III  1  III  1  1.1  1'- i:  '  '.'-v  |i  pii  tl ',, Ill's  a'vl 
uiiii'i..-,  11 -niti  1  ..,  1!,  i  I  lu.    \i\  .   \\      a  .  iiiniii-ior 

II  .ill  till  ii-.ili'n    I  1  111    M.'i.      I  il-..  ll  'in^  .1  ilii.,  h.ill 
'    ,1'  -•  ,     !  -1  "11  1  1-.-  p:    -•-.--.    t  I.   Ill-   111,    111  the  mitl- 

li.i.  11  piii'.niiM',',  I  .1',  I  h  '  I",  a  [''iiiidi'ilioh  111  one 
hill',  aiv.l  .1  i'lK  kill  111  til-  'iiii;  ilii- I'lur  (lllKr^  arc 
in  till  Ihli-,.  Ill  I  Ik  imi  is  ikil.iii.i  111  .1  \  I  ilcii  piln.in. 
TIri  ,1-  I",  1  1.  pii :.  Ill,  ( ,  •  .11  ,.iiv  ll  m  i^  \.r-  liLii  iiiit 
I  mil  111  (  li  ka  1,111s  1  1  ill'-  1  liu-  liiip  rial  iioMi.  In 
1,11  tilliii  ,SjMir  I  111  111  lint- ii'jii  l-niKi-;  Im;  her  fol- 
'iieis  .ie  p'll  I  ;ii.lil.  TIk  I  mill  ih.-.'.  s  K  .lanil 
lill'i  ,-,i).l.  ki;pi':,:i    il.iii.     'Ml'     |M,i;iiU,i,  ,.li  .a  ,  '|-.K-il 

-.Mt.i  :,\  ...IS  1)1  p  'p,\i,.   1,  p..  i,  irin.;  .1    niair,   I-Id- 

iiiaii -..-.Lp  r  1    ;;;,...-i   .  iie 'ii  1 -.  ts.wiiii.i  ilripei'   "I '^lii 

11'    ,  a  .ll    i.pp   ,1   .1    11  pi'ii  :i  ll  -  1),  ,.iri -lU  ll  .il.ili.iil   r. 

t  '■■•■  I'    .1:    I  ■    ill    1,    1  ,1  I'  .1  '    (-   i  1.1   "s  l>  <i  I  hi'iiln-r 

^'•".   t'eiii';'    .1.11. "I, HI      i  lil,   I  h.-l  ir\  I'l^^swen  ,il  o-l  , 

'1-1   .1   \,iill.    -  -,   li.-l,l.         1  .  r   1-    .:    -i  1      I'l  I    t.l   III  .1   kill  I   I'l 

I'.'i'.e  ,1-1111  iMK-  !  i,i  ll',',  11;  i-  lie,  i\|iiie!,eil 
''■(111.:  ;  nil  Me  1  iip..i  I.  .,'.  I,  ,  I  .  '  I'i  ;,  w  Is  l-iaiuf  lit- 
in-.;,  ami  1  -  .:,i-;  ■  ,  .  .1  '1  .i  ,  e  i  ii  -ivaiiu.i  oHlie 
kiiif.',.  I  ,1  le  V.  K-  ,1  1  r.ii  ,  ilm  p  ,1  s  1  1  ihis  1  li  ini- 
her.   111,1  ;   irir  il  i  h    .ii  I  h  ,  i     111  lii  -  .lelcii,   wiili 

11.    II. •!    1:1    ■    .;     .     I'    '■    1.       I'l'e  ■  i   ihe  I  1    ■  ',',    5  "f 


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I'l  il;'i-  11  I'll  li'iii  1  ,e  lei  i,:-.  Villi  111  I  \,  r  a  i-.vi  li.i- 
I  '11-,  '.^liie  liKie  11  '  1,  \e  .1  •\.i'  1  Ip  1  it'  ;  .ir  1  m  i!ie 
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lli'--;i  li.il'  11'  \  11  ..l.'r.i  .1  eieli  .'.nil  .1  iiuRip.s  nl  1  la/  11 
li.iV'i'  ,  t' piileiit'.  1 '-.i  IS  1.  I  ii\  111^  1  ;  ll  ,!  tiiiii  iilli  rs 
.ill.  I  ii.ie  Hi' lai,  i.pi  I  -.!iii  1  11,1  I  ,  link- in  iiiplis, 
.iii'l  ;;eii'i.  I :i  1  ,v  .  ,,ii^'.  .  ,|  1 1,  paiuiic  .m  two 
"tie  1  hai'i  '  11  ll.  I'l,  .1  '11.  p,,i;is  liiii  e.inu- 
ti'i'ii  liie.:    -  I.,     :h     -      1'  .\   u-i   (  \,   (''ill,, iv  ll  ic; 

ail  I  "11  1  ,1  ,,1  1  ,i'  .  '1  ,,  Pi  1^,  ..ll  ll,,  \\,  ,.  twi) 
t;i"|'i's    "I    li,J,ili  I     ".    :     I  ,      I     !     ,)t     1  ll  .      I    am 

lliis  pan  rr  1  ,1,  i  ,  m  1  ,i,  n  |  ,,t  d  ,|  -m,i  ,  mi  •  i.it  n 
I'll  '1^11, 1:1  ml'  "'  I. II, en  im:  '  '.ijiuti  M  e  leprt- 
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I),  ..HI  lU  ll  .ila'i.iil  r. 
!.■  I  '..)  \  li.ii  I  ll  ur.licr 
i..'i.:ir\  in.^svvcri.'  iil'^'i  , 
.  I    |i|  i  Cil  111  .1  km  I  III 

"!  }■  ri'L-,    ll  pii  V  '  I'll 

•  I'i  ;  ,  W  l^  I'l.Uli  f  lil- 
I     c  I  ' ;  l;-|  \  .1;  io.l  ot  llic 

p  .  ,i.  s  I  t  (liiv  1  ll  im- 
'  1  ■  111  ill  ■  .li-k-it,   mill 

:  tlKi-  •   1    'iliC-  1  I    '  V,     5  dt' 

■1  t;',)^!,    ..iiil  i.:li.  I  .vit'.- 

■mi  i'ttlui:i  til  palux. 
Mil  111  .  I  w  r  'i  ;  W!)  h.i- 
1  Ip  1  it^  ;  .11-  1  111  ilic 
l|niiii>  in  llif  iDiiii  1)1  a 
Iii'.'Ji.  TIk-  I'ui.I  1  ol 
kIi  1  i>,ii)up.s  i)t  !"ia/,  11 
\  111,.  ■.   ;  i:u!  tmir  n'.li.  rs 

I     I    -1   1    ,   ll!  iL-  11'.  Illjlllt, 
111       plllllIC     .III     i'.\o 

I  I-  p.. Ills  ill  u  c'lme 
I   u-i  I  \i   i.'iii.'iv  liic ; 

III      IC     ..   ll     >li^       Ul       f     IWI) 

.1  !  it  i  ll  .  I  oirt 
i  .  i(  ill  ii.i  1  lii  •  i.it  IS 
'T  '  '.i  liii  h  «  r  irprt- 
Ls.  i  -U  '11. 1,  .\}>  I  <),  aiiJ 
Iji  .nil  l.)  JuptLr  .1  tlu: 
Lir.clly 


m 


;a  udiT. 


rruciiy  <>;  iliv-- 
Iciiti'il  m<l.i;ii 

UllltllllV    O'    w 

'1'Iki  ■  .III- 
.iiiil  c)  li.|-  tut 
HVDliltir.ii,  Wi 
wWicU  i;  '.vu  il 
trin  I' ;  '^i.'  ill 
ii.i.il.  Ai'>iic 
anr)  .\io  iici 
I'livi  in  ih-.vi 
\::  tvv.i  <)i  lln 
ci^  h  of  uliii 
g,L:A  cai':ii  !■ 
llm^  llu-l':i'.o: 
hv  all"! ill'  I 
iilli'  r  111  I  III 

Inn  s  iliviTtt 

1  1r'  oraiiLi 

a    k;n  :.      ll 

a  I.iri2,i'  '^ili  'I 

;  '.     Iil-l  lllD.li 
nil    i.llll   (l''l' 

iiic-  r  ii\    'ii 
,1  ,,,i,;i.    ,,i  :• 

i,  IVC     t"!!'-    ■  ■ 
I,.,     ,.U        ,M 


tli 


.      I 


■  i.l.l.ll.',    wl,. 
1   111, I'll     \ 

.  -.l.r,  ;.-.,. 
i:  .;;  -i  •:■'■•. 
i.:ir;..i.  li..:n 
iir.  i;'(.v.  1  ii; 
11,1-  ;.il.M 

\^,l^^^  u\   villi 

It  I  a  iii'iii 
till  ciiiran  t 
.•fcicip,  a'lil 
111  Ills  li.-.iiJ 
111'  ft  \i  il  ll  a 
lir.i-  llul!-^\i 
iii'ii!    ii.in.i 

..,(il  I  li'K-i- 
III  til-  liii'li 
I.  .:!'•,  ..M'l  1 
lUjiini.  1 
i.iins,  p.iMii 

p.l.Hl'  lit 
Ol  Vlllf'.'  ." 
.:,.■.!<■:     . 
ill  .1    1 
K.i  I. .11   ■ 
l,.u    lor  1  ll 

i    :'  l\ii.: 
Ii;  .'■   ,    r.;r 
U:t\\-  ;    t'u' 

I  he  ivi;"  I 
.Si.  ( 1  111 
iv  iliii'llv  r. 
!  iri-i!    .iii'.l 

llLMUtllul. 

Tlic  I  '11 
Aii:;iiltiiv, 
miilicls  ni 
llnu'tnii', 
i.uio  ot  .11 
V   iiii;'  1.i-1h 
ll!  I'diu  .!l'> 
l!ii:'V-iix  I. 

Ill     lll.l     Wl 
llVU'l'l'll,     » 

li.<l  tliij\   ll 


r.rudi'r 


[■RAN     C     v.. 


srf 


cruelty  o;  ihc  |)ea'iiii  ■  "f  l..V'-i.i,  wtvi  w.irf  h  iv  r.pr 
Icmi'il  mii.in  Mitliou^l  intu  Iroj;'',  wliuli  li  iti\ 


a  v.ill 


i|i;:iiiiit\  o!  witir  up  1(1  tin'  prmi 


■Jl.^ 


1.-  ;iri' U'VtT;'.!  iiii.fi    lal'in-,  w  I'l  w.ikt  liwi 


■ks,  .ill  .:f   '^I'ili 


ami  i).l)ii-  tnri'iiis  «':\ic-r-ttM 

UViilalioll,  well'   iil'mt-il  Willi  ;.',"iii;i''  II 


I,  I  riinrtl  c 


li^.r.i 


wliicli  1!  wtnM  ill-  tiiii 


lull:',  t'l  ■.  '\>  ,1  li.litii"!  ir  (k' 


■  111  1 


r.  I  .ii'ii.,,!. 


u'  i.r  Livi'  I, 


laiiVMi ' 


Ai. 


t  I    ;i     .ilnli    '■.  :iii  (1  -'.i';  iil.'.!  l!-j,";i-. 


aiiij  .\io  iii'i  ili'iMi' I  :  ;  lour  o    ii^  Im;  s  aic  i  lu-iii  ir, 


»,-.m  1 

Mil. 


V:\\\  111  I 


i;:  tvv.i   ')t  till'    aim 


ItK'.,  .UK',  tlh    Dill    1    'MllM   A, 111   tllu  t  lllli 
■  :  ill's  li.lt'. II   111'  two    Ii.mIioMi' 


li  of  vnIihIi  i.uiiC'  .1  1 1  ton  i:i  111  I  ;•..  U.  Tli' 
jl>(.Ml  can:ii  1-  ;  •  l.iii:  'lu-  iiHi.iil,  iiul  ii  o  !";•/.,  iiv.  in- 
dull!  ilif 'iMUm   .11  la'  li'.-iui.    In  ilif  miililk'  itisuollul 


hvaii"ilii"    I. mil,  aiiiMit    ^ij  t'lirmis  'oni;. 
mil'  r  ill  1  <it  III  •  l:ii 


■iivi! 


;iiU)  .1  lul..ii 


|.>  1   ,  iiiil 

lull   s  I'lVi 


,      ill  .1.1.1.     I   ;...,.  llii-ilivilll.i 
ricil  ill.  ln•^■l.^■^  r.  \a.  lit    ami  :• 


At  i!u 

r.ui.iiii 


.  Mini  loiii  - 


palai  ',    uIirIi    wis    llr.'  r.r.nnvitc    l..-»I)it:'.tion  of  L..\.  I  • 

XIV. 

I''i(!it;iin'  l..iii  is  (i  r.  ni-il   in  tin-  midi'!''  ol  ,i  |.  r  ll 

t  ilic  l:i;iif  II  111',  rii'.-ii  ii:;.  i,      I    ii|i  ii('  I'.iris,  anil 

alviiit  o;i-'  t  .1  ■',  ll-.f  S',-l!,,.      1;    ij  ,ii  inn 

l.lic  hat':  (■ii.'ilv  .  iv-Iii!  ill  i|    I  I   II     I  I  ' 

ttl.lt  ;':irili."l' ,  1 'I.i  (il:t  V.  ill    l  \  .    V      n;'  I 

ii.;.s 


Itll 


II 


111-  '. 
.u'o::i    :li 


'.t  tiiili 


.!:■    if  ;:i'. 


lie    .11 L 

aiiif  1  I'- 
ll !'U  .I'lv 


I  vuil 


til  V    IV    till  ■ 

I 


;inili  ^li 


'.ml 


til'-  |>.il.i.  L-    ;iiv    :i  !ii|-|, 

laiviiii's,     'I'll.  I'l-.it. 

vvi  If  .uM.  '1  ivli'  II  the  1  ■  lilt  w.i    ll'  r.'.      I'lic:,-  l^  in  lli.H 

r.")ili  .1  liii>-  I  iiiiiiiii  \ ,  built  i  V  I  I  p.ry  IV  .  in  i  vn/  ; 


1,  i'i,.it.ii  r');):i!  1)1  .ill  IS  I'l  It  «i"'i 


i: 


ii;ii,    .".n.!    i\v.:itv  WI..C,   ami  is 


1 


ic  oiaictry.  "i  ftrci'ii  liou:'-.  wa  arp"  :  p 


Ii 


lol  t. 


1  lIlC  1     lit '.I,   u 


1 


111 


nil    l.;ll 


u  iil-  y:'.llT\,  u'lmli  IS  iMiK-iin.'i' ,  -jO-'  k-' '  1  :i  ■,,  ri.l 
Icii  'ii'i.lil.  ^^I'.i  I -1  :ir  iiLiI  «  .'.  !•  .V  I  li  .•  1  .,'1  ; 
iai.li  (i.k-   "I    i!  I     e  ill  :v  .-.      I'.i' I  ..i;!,!,  [  ,  i    i  li   ;nj 


IS  t  ■  <.-|lt'.    lIlllC    t'lCt     ll 

ailui  11.1.1  with  tmir  lar.'r  C  r:iiili,a-i  toliiii'ns  ot  Ipittti,! 

iiiaiM  ■,  Willi  iia'c    uv.i  ilripit.rs  nt  ,\liii,'  iiiatl-L-. 

Til-  Miii?ii  utiM,  the  (.I.-.    >  vliii'.il  in  juhli.   is  al'ini- 
iil  null  ,1  VI'  \  liij  ■  t'.'i  MIL',,  .I'll!  ii'.bl.'  p.uniin!';;'.,  r,  pic- 


ll'lltlll'.    In'ti, 


III] 


ItMiP'.  r.in.  u,   ;uIIk  , 


iiui  imiil.'iiLX' 


wall  II  vc.-.ii  'iiIki  Jul'',  ci 


ll 


1 
I  IK 


tfci    ; '-.p.. 


r;;.r 


l,.l'i  ll     V,  .III    I 


li'H-  r  iw    "I  I Dliii'i' 

,!    '  '>'i'     .ii  :!'iil      1. 1    III 


I'll'  l",i'i;li 


.1.  .-r,   111 


il.r, 


111. Oil     V. 


1,  k,:;n. 


Ill-     1  .'.    h     .    I     In'll 
I  ■■    I      'l     .11  I  W    >   ' 

III'  .1  !i    1 1:  III.    r. 


v.  .1    I  r  villi 


At 


I'l  Mi!<>  "I  1 : 


t  11   II 


II  i!if  ij  ilk-iy  ill  |;i.in;i'  iii-  pri',;ic  ol  |-ii.'ni'\  tiU- 
(;.w-:U  i:i  a  llMllti'''  (ll  1^  ;  ,iii  I  ;  ic  'lilliuilt  kimll  ol' 
I'.inllilg,  lu' ilcli 'ht..'il  III  ;i'  .li  i'.mi  m  .  vt  n  p;;t  i.;-c  , 
t'l' ll  I .'.  I  lvc'"L-.'i  l.ii;li.  '..!  I'.i.  :i'\  tt-ali  lul. 

I'l'  ■.;ii,l.''i'- ,iic- .1:1. '.  II'  I  i  1  ;ii  '!■  ■  ..lii'ctit'c  ft 
;'.K  I'.U.i'  f,  .iiul  ai'c  -ill  a.  I.)i:,  d  .sii'i  ,!  .i.r-s  .uul  tuun- 


1 


1.    \own  ol  Font. riiMi ail  ..as  lonllil  ■;  i.  Iv  'nrival'- 


'C    U'll'll-  o' 


II  iiiv  IV.    1. 


XIII. 


I  l-  'I' 


(■  -•  r 


I.  ll 


i.. a'li  lul.v  I  ii  vL'.i,  v.l^^, 

I    .   .ill-   I  Ml      ,  •    t'lU'.-   llus 

ll  1  I. Ill'  I.'  uul  I'.'inoii  tuc-, 


l\ 


I  111-  l,ll•^  li.iMi   i.r  'iLi/f  1-  a  liiiu   np'Vi',   tl;c  k'vrni 
.ills    ot  wliicli  .'.r.'  I  )  iMci  u,,vi  '1  with  cacl'  '  'in  :',  liiu 


r   .   !.i':;i  ,  ml!  ill'.'  |.,i'i>i,lii,il     Ir.iri  I 
.1  ,'.,  .    ; 


I,   W'l'Kll   I      .lili'I'Il- 


'.liirri'is  : 


■  11  1'  I.,  ll  liilr  ol  1 .  f  ''K 


lit 


I'l  .!  >  ■  iMilii  1-1  I  'I  'I'D:;  US'!.':,' V  k'l;  hi.  !i,  anil  i,v.  r  11  i-.; 
a]i.;iic  III  O'lrS'vi  1:1  iuiin.;ihc  man  lii  k  ol  iIk- 
\i  ll  V.  I  Mi'iilii.  'v  ll   II.   Ill  \  I'  in. 

Ni-in.r.ii-,  a  i:! 'if  lo'..  II,  iiuiatcil  hctwui':!  i!'c  hue!!'? 


it'.ln    I'j.iu  .'.mi    \I. 


lo.'ii,   w.n.' 


/I- 


ir,  am!  i  hti'l'. 


I  1;;.  1    t  1  l;;iii  I  lie  ua\'  '  "it  ot  I 


I.     At 


n.c.i    u  ll,  t. 


iiiics,   I  lie   I  .ni:  01 


ll  I     a  tli:iiiii.: 

t!a  cntran  c  \> 

.'Ktoii,  a'ul  till'  r''!u'i  ol  t^'.ipi'l.  ll.  Mill  ;  a  1  lucol  tlilX'.'il 

in    Ins  h.liil.      .\;    cvcrv   t,.;n:nf;  ol   lli,    ;iv   iiiics    \oii 

111'  ti  '.Mtli  a  ht.-.i.'. iliil  |.  !.i:r..i!;..  ..doi  i;c.l  .villi  :\  I  alon  o. 

lii'.i' llu.!!-uoik,   v.ht",    ih  V    ll  i\  ■    ifj'U  Irnii.' I,   in  llu 


111..II    n.iim.'.l   Ilia. 

10   1     Oi      '.l.h   l.!l     !-     ( 


Ml'h 


.1      I'.Mp'' 

■1  t     a-   h 


lahk'  ;   il.r  ll,! 


■.I-.  It<  ir.iilf  I'liliil 
.  will  ll  III'  '.  1, 11  in 
.11   I  I  ill    .^.  nil.-. 


hucni  '.ilia,,'.-,  'I-  k-:ul  t'l  I' 
C'Mii'n.n     1,  :i  Iniall   Iiv.mi,   lir.i.iiil  lixic  n  1   i<jii -s 


iioni  I  in 


c   liiiith,  and  .X'.v.'  iw.uj  Id  iIil-  ill 


I  nous  hoiilc  ot  C  nn'tii  '.y,  a  lir  ui.  Ii  o'  -.v  liicn  canu'  into 


'Ian.  I 


W 


1  mi   ill'.'  C. 


in  'III.    1'".  .nul  liuuii'..(-l 


d 


llic  tiinilv       til  u  n.mu  ,  w'liu  h  1I..I  liililiil   lui'i 


I'.'i.ii' 


,  .1  lo.Mi  1)11  111'  ii\.  V  Imnt.,  contains  1   \c 
Willi  .1  I'.raii.iry  lor  lali. 


)-    i 


li'iL'i  •  u  ■.  a   t:i  n  1  11'    p 


u  ,tli  a     1. 1  k 


T'..  .iii'ti  U  win  1 1  i.'ini  the  CI   vcrnmeni  '-f  r\  11  rots 
.1  rii-.Mi'ii    piddiii'.' ■.Mill-,   '.'.ii'.i'i,   Irmis.   p.utiiiasic'. 


III  l..f  1/ It'll  n  ail.'  I     'lit-  .  I '.n:i!  ,  .iioxt   ,  rvotti  .  Imin-   ji  ar.il  1  n  .      ii..iiil\,    inc  n  inii.- oi    ■.\iii.li:-  [lini'.rlil   to 


I,  .n-- 


.i.ii  1  \'v'.  V  lir  li!  lli.it  t  .1  riink'i 


ht.'iil 


ami 


1 


ni  nil  ll    ni  mv    |i:'f  r.;'.  1:1 
k  111 


,1  Iron  l'i(.':i'd.  I  3    I'vni.ia  pallionaU'  wr.my;- 
iiii.  Ic.l   on    l'''.ali    i'V  Ciiampaone;  on   llu- 


( iiins,  paint nu'  ,  ,\i.'.      In  ila'  p.nk  It  m   •  •. iir  ■  c.intnu 


1.'     lie   ll'i-   ot 


mil    Iv,    the 


til 


n  ,|:rti    ot     III  in.'l 


11,  |i;c  oi.iliilc  ol  will,  ll  1  iini  iK  wli"'l\'   ;     I'.is    !    C.i'.  Is,    A  |.'i  ,  .ind  !  l.in.i'  li  •    .uul  on  the  WfiL 


(It  \  11  k'l.' ;  led  II.  11 1  lie,  oi  CM,  111  lit.  i\..ikma'.il. 


I 


N 


1  ii.Mi  ;v  ;.-i.i   III     e, 


1; 


iiver-   :n"  ■    inc 


'.ir.lc    .1: ..' 1  ii.'e.  II  ,l.ll'.oiin,l  in  ll.inies.uu:  .\  .u.  r-wirK-.  i' 


In  a   1' 


:k 


I  .'ill  ll'll  ill-.  I.l 


s.ii: 


Lies   I'  a   '>  Ke  io\  .1    1 


'.luftiil  t;a'\l  11 


IT  e:i'j  'le 


,1'. 


.h  r:le   11  iIk   \    rnia'd   :  ,   and    i.iL'- into 
ill-  t). 

.11  c. 


',!.',    w  ;.  ill   I  lies  in 


lul  ni-  I  .1!    i;-i.)  ill- 


, u    lor  I  u. 


'.I .uer  iioni  in.- 


-  in.  ,   I'l    liipph     ihe  ;i 


C.mi '.,',   v  111  h  rii.s  m  ,'\: 


.  ixii.i    ,11  .1    V  lie,  -'.v. 


h    'i.iml  .111.1  in  '       il  ^1  ipl  s.      1  I:.-  I'l 


.  nil  th. Dtlu-r  wa'c  r  w.'ik-i,  ,  oil  i.iu 

.1 


[  .:l  I 


,1-,  l::c 


iher    In.tl 
A-, 


ie...e  ;  .in- 1  the 
nti)  the  1  1  at 
ill'-   I  ..mihie. 


-i'  -,r;->  ,  .I'l  1  l.K 


I)' 


Inn  I'  1   I'll-  w  ;-.  :   ,1.  i;-..'  i.nn  e\-ii|    'iv.-:    {e\  .'1..I  .nils  t.i  pro.  iiuT,   m  .  on  eij'..  lu  e  .  1     1     ;..!..i  i.ni.i-.',  m.miila'  - 

Ihe  t.veiii  It;,  rv  .11  '-..le.   nui  '.i.iiu  iher.e.-  t.)  V  erla.ll  ^.  ||  1111.  ■-,  a    li  u.i.i.m  up  n  ih      .  i,and  11    tiili  r.e>,  is  liu; 

Si.  ( i.  nil  m-.  I ..  l.n  e,  a  l"w  11  in  the  t'lell  .t  1  ,aie,  ,.  I,  .it  ol  .i  vei\  i  Memni-  t-a  1         I  ,im'  molt  ol  ilie  other 

is  i  liiellv  ti  III ',' ^.al•le  loi  !  .mi  .  .ulk--,  or  pa.a  .s.     '1'Ik  .'  p.m  ince  ,  11  h  ul  ior.ii  rU    1     p  cii  pi  Hi^  es,  .lepondtnt, 

fuel!     iii'.l   p.nk,  .  i'ir.iij,'.!Oi^   t'  tii.' c.utle-,  are  vciv  '    ii.iv.  e-i  ei,  on  ilu- tr.i.Mi  oi  l-i   ii  e. 

licaiiiinil.  (lime,  die  c.ij'Ual  i,|  th    d.iiii  :  o'  Thicraclie,  has 

The  I'lnvenl  ofSt.  C\  .,  -or  n'lns  ot  tiic  oil.-i  ot  .Si.  .1  liion.-,  eallle,  and  oavc  n  ini,- 1     .1  diuhv  an.l  p,era'a,c 

Aii.:,iilline,   w  i-  toiin.l     ,  in  n-;",  hi    M.  M.iiiilenon,  l'ilor.u,iii'.i  to  the  home  ot  15.  uirl  uii-Coiiiie.  The  town, 

iinlhels  ot  I.e-Ai-  Xl\'.  1    a  v.iv  Ip.u  loiis  and  Iplcndul  ,  imiiij^  litii.'.ted  on  the  tronii  r-  ot  tlie  L.ow  Couniru's,  is 

lliii,-tiiie,   and  lieli-re  ih,    rei    Imi   11  it  1  .int.imeil  lilii  '  ri-i'.n.  led  a    one  oi  ill.   I  iilw.iiks  01  Irance,  .in..l   i  on- 

l.iiii'-  ot  i]iial'l\.  ,ind  tw  1   limulied  an.l  liliv  p.iipiis  01  1  kiU'inih  llion.  K  K-niiid. 

V   mi!' I.i.hi 'i;   t'l  iiilirn  :  in ',  o;  wh.  .111,  in  even  li'.meli  j        l..ileie,    .1  In  i 'e  low  r.  n.ar  t!ie  Contiux  of  il.'   .s' 1  u 

ol  edui.iiion  hev  onimi',  iluir  rank  an.l  ;e\,   iher,   weie  |  ,111. 1  t)ile,  i    m  i  n-  ,1  |)ow',!ii  m,!',  ,ule  1  I,  I, ill    o-^'e  , 

l!ii  'X'-nx  l.iv-li;h  r  .       I  h-  voiKis.;  l.idie    .  oinimud  iin-  t.  .11 11. 1. 1\ ,  .uul  Llltle;   two  .  huielu- ,  .md   le\  era!  ';'/.' I  - 

lil   lluA   Wire   iw   r,i\,    when  lii.\  eilli.  r  on  k  lie  \.il,  i  lion:   -. 

iiiarned,   01  leimne.l  1  .  ineir  rel.itions,      I.    the)    ni.li-  |       Si.  tinmen,   o:  Si.  (Jm,  iiiln,  o'l  the  Sininie,   i<  la- 
lied  thev  hid  a  poriion  ol  lour  hmulied  pill-  I  ■.  I  moils  loi  a  la.wi  ini.iii'l  I  1.  i '  .     '1    ee'l,  '  iitihuuh, 

Meiid'jn,  iwolcigiies  liuiii  I'.uis,  eoiran.s  a  line  I  wlin.li  is  onto;   tiie  liiicll  iiil-,.iiKe.  t.ikes   it.s  n.inic 

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► 

Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


n  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

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A  NFAV,  ROVAI.  asd  AITEIF.NTIC  SYSTEM  or  UNIVERSAL  C.F.OCiRAlM  lY, 


1^' 


Ht 


illi^" 


'  t. 


I'  : 


Ir^ 


from 


St.  O 


iicntin. 


II    I  he    war    1 


5; 7  .1  bank-  w.t; 


~c -    ;  -T.'/ 

UniLilu  luf''  lulwAt  the  French  v.r.d  S|i:i;-i;iiils,   cilllcii 

i!ic  Iviiil.'  of  St.  (^i^iciuin,  ill  wliicli  ilu'  F'.i'iicii  w^ic 

totallv  iKll.a.ii. 

I'vriiiir.^',  o;i  til.'  Sommc,  is  I'l,  iMpil.il  i  f  :i  il.lbiifl 
i-ll..cl  Sintiiiv.  :;iut  l.Miin,- t.  r  a  !ir..  n  iiiam;f  i.''.')rv. 
On  aiciv.iii:  en  it'  '■  ivuic, '"■ecu  <Mtc.i  1  .li,;i-.l,  Iml  lu'vcr 
taken.  111!.'  r'liiiiii  ic'.m  it  Li  l'i!i.\':li ,  ui  ili.M'u  11. 

Auiiin-,  I'lC  <.ap;!..l  ol  I'ltainv .  ua^  aiii'i'iiilv  lall  tl 
Soiiiaioliiiva,  I  r  HrijM,  tliai  is,  iIk'  U;uli;c  owr  tlio 
Soiiiin.'.  It  i  (;tu,iti\l  tu  )  lca:;i!cs  tiiiin  I'a'i^  10  ilio 
no!t!i,  an>l  wa-  tin-  c;'.;  i;..!  n:  ilic  cHtlricl  1  ill^il  Ami- 
111  ii>.  It  i-  I  I'l.icc  ot  ^Hat  ai'.liOiiiiy,  wi'!l  l.iitifu;il, 
.1  1.1  ilic  lit  lit  :'.  Iini\"ii.  Ilci\ait  tii\^' I'lLliiis  dvlT 
.1^  iiia:t\-  cliani.clsot  the  Soainic,  main  chunii.s,  hc- 
fl>k,^  the  catluilral,  Icveial  hufpiiah  ar.J  mai'tita.'hiri.s, 
witlian  .uai.l,:T,v  1)1  the  art>  aiiil  li  iciicts  X'liiiiiiv, 
Rohault,  aiul  m '.!".'.  oilier  iniirx-iit  tin  11,  w.renative' 
01  thb  town.  'Flie  lanipaits  mike  a  line  walk,  Ik  ini; 
jilantcil  witli  a  ik)'.:'i)!e  r'M  ul  tr^e^.  I:i  i''e  luvi.  tlm- 
lion  o!  F'rane.-,  Aiiii-:i  !■■  tlu  ch.i.;  i  i'\  ol  ih.  ilep.ui- 
iiieni  oi  S>imiie. 

Conti  is  a  rm.iil  invn  ;-.lv  ut  liv,  !,■  i-nes  from  Amiens, 
uhi-li  iiave  the  title  1  t  p;u:.t  I.'  ainaneli  ot  the  houle 
ot  Roiiihon. 

Alikeville,  t'.ic  capiial  of  t'e  liilb  Vl  of  I'oiilli'eti, 
'^  lituated  a'.oiit  live  L'.."e'  'loin  the  i}rr. illi  Cli  111- 
nel,  1  ;  from  noiiKune,  .i;'.',l  7  liom  Amicii  ,  ■  11  :hv' 
Soninie.  in  uhii.li  iIk  t'l  e  ri.es  here  to  ihe  I'e.Lhi  ol 
(ix  leel.  Th.rc  r.ie  a  :  re.U  inun  fluirel.es  in  llie 
ti  wn.  aivl  It  la  a  \  r\  11  •ui.lli  ''j,  iiaili,  aiui  .1  \  .iii  n 
ot  rir.nu'acte.i.e'.  '1  !  e  ]  rolpe.'t  o.  thi-  town,  at  tiu 
ilil'.anee  I'f  .1 1:11..:  te:  ot  a  ;m:.-,  i:,  reina  kal  ly  licaii- 
tifi;!. 

Crclly.  a  (m\l;  pi  .It  on  the  liver  .Xu'.hic,  iv  noutl 
lor  the  bank  lei  v.- i\t  the  Enpl.lli  anj  Frcnvii,  anno 
i;46,    in   whii  !i  i!-.' latt'.r  we-r  !■.  t.;.l\  il  le;'tei!,    and 

wi'ole  motto,  iJj 


the  kiiiij  of  Hohtnii.i  i.ikcn  ;  rilo:.,.  .    _  ., 

</»'»•«.  was  a  ter'ai'U  pi,;  1:1  iIk  jiinKc's  aims. 

Montieu.l,  I  r.  the  C  lielic,  ;  l.a,'nes  0:1  the  Ikinili 
Channel,  eont.-.i.'is  ali  u.t  j -^e  inh.;,.ilani?,  and  l:as  a 
|ir.  ity  k-iiik  iiadc. 

'I'lij  pcalants  r  v.nd  t'lis  Cji  t  a-e  \erv  pour,  li  i' 
icir.aiki.ll  bv  traveller-,  t!iat  n'.) '"oner  does  a  c  haife 
llop,  th.in  the  ton  aye-  ]u);ir  foit':  I.*  inns  t'  i  i;oc  ehi- 
iil\'  :  yoti;';.^  and  1  Id  .i'l_,.;iii  in  l!;c  elrjrus,  C/.\i> iu  four 
I'll  111  our  lie  D\:i. 

-St.  \'.il' r\ ,  01  iiil'!i.  I,  is  a  Tea  pi 'It  to'.\n,  litiialrd 
at  tic  mi.-'i  ih  I't  li.e  .^omme,  lour  1*  ajMies  below  A'..- 
b.vilk'.  'Iheeiitrane  into  the  .So.v.me  is  vcrv  dan- 
p.roiis,  Iviai.'.e  t  ih'-  llit!>e-  and  ipiu  ;^-liln^ls  uhuh 
liv.  vc  Irom  pkiec  ti  pli  e  vmoi  t.  e  \.ini!  an;l  tide,  it 
that  no  lluiis  .l.-.ic  ve;.ui  eio  vni.r  li  ...:;;.  ut  tliv  alllll- 
ani  e  ot  tlif  bJl  pd  a-  ot  the  1  .i.ieiv  ;  h  uev  r,  then" 
is  (^1  at  tradi.  '.  ■.;■  .  Lei  ..'.i  eai;  '..  io  o;  ..  mJi  ii,di.'..s  .ire 
ealily  eonveyul  ir  :■.  i.er.i...  to  An,  i.i  •,  ,i:k1  tlKn.cii.io 
Aitois,  Champai;::  ,  .;.  !  i"  bar.  .  I  ie..  iIkv  inipori 
Ipi.otioiii  M'il.'.iu!,  a-   ah  1  pi,i-:.;l,.  •  !v,r  iiLikino  o; 


l-ap; 


d  tilli,  hernnu' 


t. 


■in  leveial  coiiniii 


Sn.iin  ainl  I'o.tucal  tiiemaii 


nv  oilier  eom- 
ill  >  export  into 


I* 


\n'ni  ou;t,  o: 


u.meouri,  ne.ir  tn.  iivt r 


tain 


alioiv  lor  a  <  loiioii .  vii  lo;  v  uln 


di 

r  Br.l 

vh  ih. 


Km- 


flilli,   coinr.ia; 


d.d!  V  H. 


nr\ 


y 


I 


.  1 1.  ovi  r  t  he 


reneli,  ilie 


;tli  o 


O.t, 


ihtr,  141 


■|h.   K 


l.'iit  1  t-Q  m  n,  ..nd  i!;e  I'reiie.i  f.oj:: 


Ami 


Wire  iliL-  1. on 
bant,  I  lov.v 


i(h  loll 
Hi.;  the  11. .in 
.t  '  1  Nivii-,  and  Anthonv,  iliike  ot  Bra- 
r  tu  the  duke  ut'  li.iii'amly,  the  duke  ol 
(iiiikible  ol  Albiel,  the  duke  I.!  Hir,  the 


p'.-.iiliar  jirivilepies  ot'  exempli 'ii  Ironi  I'everal  taxf--; 
and  had  a  i;  ivernor  indeper.dent  ot  the  t'ow  rnor-,;, - 
lur.il  ot  I'ie.iriiy.  The  liailvnn' i  annot  be  i-ntereil  i'l^t 
at  hi'j,li  water,  and  is  dilended  by  a  tort.  IV.etown  is 
iliviikil  into  L'pper  an  I  I  ..iv.er.  N-ai"  ih  •  eiiadel  1-  i 
nrneial  Ipriiis;,  lalKd  Li  Foiilaiiu'  de  l',r,  ih.it  is.  i!:- 
Iron  Sjirin;;.  li  vv.i-  liiefi-e  ol  a  1  illiop  till  .he  rev  '1.:- 
lion. 

AmMetc'.ill'.afm'.'lt  v.vn  ■•n  tlicilnntiel.  two'iai^n  s 
fro  11  liouloene,  is  wvU  t  irii,  ■.:,  a.'.d  l.a- a  j'.uod  h.n- 
boiir.  Here  kiiiij;  J.ime  II.  I.mded,  uiien  he  li.d  i  1 
I'lanec,  at^r  his  abdK.ui.  11. 

Near  Aiulies,  a  fortilinl  town,  ihre  ■  leagues  from 
Calais  to  tiie  louth,  Fiantis  I.  muI  Henry  \'lll.  i| 
l'',njiland,  had  :'.n  interview:  their  retinue  '.v.'.s  lo  richly 
dreili-'d,  that  tir-  pi. ice  wlv  re  llitv  met  his  ever  linee 
1  een  I  .ill.-d  I  e  Chainii  de  iliap  il'Or.  "  '1  Ik  I'leld  i  l' 
the  Cl.ihuf  (i.ild." 

Arr.is  is  the  lajiial  ot  t'.ie  liilliie^  n  imed  .Aiioi', 
uhieh  i-  :ie  of  tic  molt  lertile  ilillnets  in  all  Ir.mei. 
1:  1-  .14  leajiues  1  in^,  and  1.:  broad,  I  eiii",  IkhkuIi  d  on 
ihe  call  by  Il.iir.ault,  on  the  noiiii  bv  l-l;ind  r-,  and 
on  tl'.c  well  and  lout!i  by  I'icaidv.  A  conlidei.ible 
Iraili-  i-  eaii  led  on  in  the  pr.nine.-  in  grain,  11. ix,  h.ip  , 
wool,  linen,  fee. 

Anas,  (itiiated  on  ;li.'  r;v.r  Seirpc,  10  I  ae'.ues 
Irom   Amiens   to   the   no:th.     ]•    a   ve'\'   aiui  :il    an.i 

I  irgc  my,  and  i- ilivuLd  into  Iwo  pan-:  t!ie  ine, 
called  th.-Ciiy,  1-  iIk  .me'eiii  ;  .Mil  tli.  o'lir,  nam  d 
thcToiMi,  i-  the  11. w.  Ti't v  .iiei.ieh  Inii.aiii  led  wiih 
ohi  -.v.i'is,  when-  tin  iv  1   m.iii  I'.ill  lev.i.I  loiiiul  li'W>  r-, 

.built  aller  tlie  aiu  I  nt  m'n'Rr,  an  I  1  ijate,  over  wliii  !i 
was  this  i'l-ti  i])i  ion  :  ;^,''ii!  ''<  /'liirfcis  prciijrciit 
Arra-,  iis  yuris  'iiiiiix.trtiil  Li  cLiiH  ;  i.  e.  "  Wh.nll.e 
l-'ieii',li  lli.di  tike  Arra-,  lliemi.i.  ih.ill  eal  tlicia-." 
In  ill-  new  divilion  ot  loanee,  Ana.s  is  the  1.I1KI  t  nwx 
ill  the  dcpaiimeiit  ol  tl.e  I'.wde  C.ilai-. 

Mailiuil  d.e  X'.iub.m  o  p'.ilid  thole  o'd  wall  ,  a:id 
aildii!  feveial  b.ilboii-,  .ukI  m.iiy  new  uolk^  to  iher.i 
111  li'.eiiiiih,  whiili  IS  l.-.ii;-  .md  v.ry  cle^p.  Theieare 
lobe  oblervcti  in  it,  .iiiiiiiii',  odiei  tl.ir.i^s,  hiiiettv-, 
iuiilt  alto  Vaub.'.n'-  m:i:iner:  iliey  arc  the  full  workh 
ot  that  kind,  '.^hltll  were  inventcti  by  that  execiknt 
engine  r.  They  coiiilill  ot  a  tri:.i)j;ul:ir  half-mo  ':i, 
coverid  witli  two  li.:!f  i.nveli'pes,  Kparated  i;om  e.u  h 
other  bv  a  dileli. 

Thi  ci'aikl  is  lonuwhat  liiijh.r  tosvird-  the  c  uii- 
irv.  It  I-  not  v.ry  l.iri',',  i  iit  d  eio.vd  oiu-  o  tlv.' 
Ihongell  in  Fraiue.  'I  tie  I'.itcii  is  diy  lou;uiU  the 
loiintrv.  The  vreatelt  p.iil  ot  the  f>,iound  ab  ol  lh;s 
utv  is  I  w,  and  proper  to  be  l.iid  under  w.r.r.  Tli;s 
town  i-  ii. habited  I  v  "Aeilihy  traders  and  aiiiiicer-,  wli.i 
make  fails  .ind  t  ipeiirv-hiinoin^-,  c'p  .iil.v  the  laiter, 
wlii^h  art  wa-  invLno.il  here;  iherei  re  lii.>e  l.ipatius 
take  thir  name  Iron  ili  it  ot  the  .  I'y. 

Aire  I-   a  lor 'bed,   tuwn,  li;i..ird  on  tlic  ri'ieil.i-, 

II  mil  -  fio:ii  Anas  l..  tl.e  noi  th-w,  ll,  :!:;d  ei  :.:  I'ls 
two  I'olp'lal-.  At  a  hide  il.ll.inee  to  111  the  to\wi  lland* 
tort  Si.  lianei-. 

tn.iiit  is  a  hide  but  '.veil  lortiliid  lo'vn,  finrtL  I 

Un  lo 


S-.  V 

theb:ink  ot  iheiiver  I.1-,   l;\  le.i^ue     Irom 


the  call,  lakinu  its  n.ime 


Jill    ihe  111, I 


■tvr  Si.  V, 


The  Ciuntrv  abuiii  it  ma\  be  laid  under  w  u   1. 

il.iis,   atown  litiiaiid  on  the  nair.nMll  p.ut  of  tiie 
.dile    lo   D^er,   liom    wliuli    it  i- ilill  uit 


(\lenvon,  tl.e  i  01 

nailhal  o|    linicii  uut,  adinii.dl). 


bill 


ii'l- 


)l  .Sci 


01  111 r.-  ot  111-  ii 
B'.urboi',  t'  e  ei 
and  a  t;r^at  nuiii 
j,ril'on;r- 


1    \.W 


.r   I  t 


an. jneti'e,   ilu:  :'rtli- 


cliannel  opp 

about  leveii  Icas'ues,  w.is  ili 


ai'it.ii  o 


t  ihel'ai-Ree. 


iiii 


i-,  or  Keci.vi  red  Country.     It  is  piilly  I  iri!,e,  a.i  1 
II   tonlli.d,   but  the  harbour  is  ol   veiy  dl(Ii.ult  .,;nl 


j  dan^'croto  ;ucel 


I  leie  .Me  a  line  arkn:il,  and  .1 1  ii.i 


which  lommandb  tin.-  town,  t!i    liarliour 


.t   () 


dol 


me   :ind 


I  le.lii-  a'itl 
'  11  heiliMiit, 


piinciial   oli.Ci.is  wue    lakeii 


Ji 


Boulogne,  on  the  moiitli  of  'hi;  I,.ane 


I-  oiiiv    ell 


Ir.  Ill  ll;e  Heart  11  i  oa 


!! 


I' 


ni'laiu! 


•lit 


Lw as  Ihe 


th 


e  ;uli.icent  cminirv. 


Alltl 


ICC 


itiiiti 


id  all 
y  ;ib(nit  the  town 
may  Ih  laid  under  w;;t.r  m  24  li  urs.  \\\  ihe  i  aiul  o'i 
C. il.iis  tlij  miiabitants  have  ,'.ii  e  ilv  eommuiii  :iiion  w  itii 
Dunkirk,  St.Oilur,  (jravebne,  Y|ire-,  ?i;i  .  and  in  tim..- 


ot  p.aee  a  ]> 


iket-l 


lat  pal; 


es  rc'iiiai 


between  Kii'ilaiid  aiidC.ilai' 


1 


ly  ' 


w  I.  e  .1   w  I  el- 


lere  :iie  two  incoiue- 


eiKcs  which  iluy  who  pals  tmin  Dover  toC.ili 


1    woo 


.1 


tuiniai  ol  aditlii;t  called  llic  li-'uloauis,  v,hicliLiijo)ed  l|  ulwayiwUlUoa\oiu;  tlieiullislhaioi  lolmgthe  li.te.and 


bill 


i 


briiii};  i 
ill!  bou 
Ihut  111 
of  the 
lais  iii.i 
t(  r  t...i 
C.ill'i  ■  ■, 

ha,  tu 

ail'  b.) 
aMe  w  I 
ol  lie 
.]',i  .-,■. 
till-  pi 
ol  .uc 
lelHlei 


-■r.OCRAI'IlY. 

ni'iiin  troni  li'vcral  tnxo- ; 
i-r.(.lint  lA  the  i'ow  nior-.;.  - 
Ivmr  laniint  l)t' (•".tcrcil  hut 
led  by  .'.  torr,  'l'::v  lown  is 
)v,\r.  N/ar  tli?  i  itadcl  h  i 
oiitiiiiT  ik  \\r.  \h.\t  IS.  (!/• 
ol'a  I  i;liop  nil  .he  KV  ■!,:. 

'.-n  thiCihinr;'.'!.  twd  uai;ii.  s 
1  .  ■.';,  ;',.'.d  ha'-  a  }'.'i'id  h.'.i  - 
.   landed,  when  lie  li-il  i  i 

I  town,  thrc  ■  kMi^iics  trom 

lb   I.    and    Hetrv  \!II.   .i 

llieir  retinii,-  '.v.is  lo  n,  lily 

IV  thev   met  ii  \s  ever  linee- 

liapd'Oi-.    "  "llu  lieldtt' 

the  dill; let  milled  Ai'.of, 
'.tile  dilliK  IS  ill  .'.11  li.iiui . 

1  I'lii.ail,  leini',  heunded  iMi 
he  noilli  I'V    l-l:md  r'-,  an  I 

I'lcaidv.  A  conliik  lalile 
.ni;ie.'  in.  grain,  llix,  li.ij;  , 

riv.r  Scarpe,  lo  I  ai;ii'.s 
1.  i'  a  W'\  aiitlnt  and 
into  iwi)  pails:  the  I'Me, 
eiii ;  .',11  I  tli.  I'di.r,  nam  il 
ev  Mice.ieli  UMi"Uiided  w  iili 
ill  Uill  lev.r.l  iiihiid  ti'W..  r-, 
itr,  an  I  a  'jale,  lA'er  wliu  h 
;;/.'  A.t  /)■<;): f CIS  frc)h!rci:t 
'. .(  (■/ .;/,'■  ;  i.  e.  "  \\  h,  a  l,.e 
Ik-  iii;>e  Ih.ill  eat  the  la:  ." 
,ee,  Ana.^  is  tlie  eliiet  t  )u;i 
i>de  Calai'. 

'.ii\d  tliiil'c  ii\l  u.iil  ,  an-1 
111  ■nv  new  vvoik^  to  llier.i 
.I'l.i  wry  deep,  Tlieieare 
.-.i;  oihei  tl.ir.i;s,  lunettes, 
r :  lliey  are  llie  liill  uork-. 
invented  bv  that  i  \ee'l,  iic 
l'  a   trl.  ii'j;ul.ir   halt-ir.u  -a, 

pes,  K  paiate'.l  iroiii  e.u  li 

high.r  tow  '.rd-  the  i '  \w- 

i  lit  d   eli'.vd  erne    u     tl'e 

itch    |s   diy  lon.iii's    the 

i|  the  j;;.auul  al.   iit    tlis 

le  i.iid  uiii'ei    u.,  ,  :.      'I"li,i 

trailcis  ,ind  .i,  ii.ici  ;•,  u  h  i 

lUiS  '•']'  ■  '  ih\  ill.-  Lute.-, 
ih:;ei   ic  lh.>  e  tap.lhr.s 

ll;e  .  r\-. 

iKuat  d  en  tlie  ri\er  I  .1-, 
i'..)itli-\Vt  II,  and   et  ::;  iris 

l.'.nee  tiiiii  the  lou  n  llan.ik 

ell  torlilKd  io-,vii,  (iliiUed 

i..\  le.igue    lnmi  Aire  i.i 

11    die  m.irn  r  S;.  \'enaii!. 

e  laid  under  u.ih  i. 

ihe  nair"v\ell  paiC  of  the 

liiiiii    whuli    It  i'^  dill  uit 

apil.il  ot  the  I'.iis  Reoii- 

It  is  praiy  I  iri^e,  a.i  I 

)'ii  IS  ot   veiy  dilfii  lilt  ..nd 

.1  line  ariiii.il,  and  a  i  it.i- 

vui,  ill    harhoiir,  and  all 

e  e mmiy  ahoul  llie  town 

;  h  urs.     W.  I  lie  i  aiul  ot 

1  1  \\\  exinimini  aiioii  w  lili 

Vpiis,  }k.  .  and  in  liai'.- 

le.'ii'aily   iwi.  t  .1  vsiek 

1  h'  re  .lie  tuo  iiieoiut- 

iroiii  Dover  tuCalals  would 

lliaiol  loliiigthe tide, and 

belllJJ 


rrROPF,.] 


FRANC    T". 


•■549 


f 


bcniiT  obliped  to  take  a  Frcnrli  li-^it  to  pet  into  t'u- 
liaihour;  tlu  oih-r  isiliai  of  laiidi-ii;  fo  lite  as  to  lie 
Unit  out  of  the  town,  and  compelled  to  |od}:;e  in  one 
of  the  I'oiile  tint  Hand  wilhoul  il.  The  to  \n  of  Ca- 
lais m.ll..s  a  muc'i  li:i'idri)iii.  r  appe.araiv.e  ir  in  the  wa- 
ter ti-.an  :l\e  to.vn  olDo'eer;  its  towels  [m.-iii  lo  Ik- 
i-'iir.  -  \'.h''leon  n  aeliin;  the  luiddl.- of  ilie  llrait  .  It 
li.is  two  jiier.  c)f  ;;reat  leiij^iii,  w'lieh  run  p.iridle!,  and 
arehoih  o'tiinli  r.  One  of  tlieiii  ail"  nls  a  very  a^ree- 
aMe  w.ilk  over  a  li  larded  (lior,  w!ii  h,  at  f.vera!  times 
<.|  the  d.i'',  hut  cijieiia'ly  in  .i  Ur.ini.r  evening,,  is  tre- 
tp.i  .'.■d  l)v  iiia-.v '.'.■nteel  |i.o; 'e  ol  the  ph'.ee.  On 
iliis  [li.  r  ,1  11-1/  >p  of  It-ivanis,  liom  the  feveial  'oufes 
1)1  an'.'iiinv'datioii,  ll.uid  rcadv  to  re.tive  iIk  p.il- 
leniHisai  their  l.uuliir',,  anil  eondiiel  tlieiii,  tof.ei'-er 
with  ilieir  b.ieg;ige,  aeeord..iij5  to  llieir  lever.il  tlelli- 
11. it  ion- . 

Tlie  only  rcmamine;  jilaee   worthy  of  not  lee  in  ihi 
('iilnet  i>  St.   Onier,  on    the  river   Aa.     Tin    cav  i- 
defended  not  only  by  a  callle,  but   alii)  by  lar.'e  ha(- 
tions.     There  arc  in  tli;s  city  feveral  iln  ■  ib.  eis,  and  a 
I  irs'e  fquaie,  built  round   witli  noble  hou'i  ,   ann;:!.^ 
uiiii  11  lb  the  Tovvn-Houle  or  (iuikl-hall.     Tiie  e.-.tl  e- 
diaUlrjrcii,  dedicate'.  toSi.  Omer,  i^  a  noMebui!  'ini> 
remarkable  I  hieiiy   for  ii^  eliapeb,  eniii  lied  widi   ti.e 
iiiari>le,  .>nd  beautitul  paintinjis.     B.  fides  the  latliedi  d, 
there  are  lure  fix   p.uoiliial    ehiiielu-,  an.'   an  abi'  y, 
which,   before  tlic  revoliilion,  \v,as  exiieiiiely  ru  h,  an.! 
belonged  totlie  order  of -St.  Bencilrt.  There  are  alio  t.vo 
bofpiiais  tor  maidens,  as^eneral  one  tor  tlu  ti.k,  an  or- 
lihaii-hoiif,'    tor    bovs,  and   another  for  {2,irb,  an  li;\iie 
lor  twelve  poor  men,  in  memory  ot  the  twelve  ap  >ll  h  s, 
and  leveral  foundations;  the  yea'ly  inioiiic  ot  wliieh 
is  employed   In  maintaining  a  eenaiii  number  ot  boys 
at   tcliool,  in  glvini;  a  fiim  ot  money   in   iiiariia;_ze  t  > 
f  line  poor  E^irls,  and  in  elothinif  fonie  otheis.     Here 
is  ullo  :in  Englifii   feiniiiary.     The  people  have  tome 
trade,  t'everal  fniall  velfels  coiiiiiif;  uji    iiere  (rotii    t'le 
tea  iluou^h  Gravtlines,  by  the  river  :\\.     1   Mihe  <;  i 
veriuiieni  of  the  city  there  is  a  mayor,  who  is  ehanijed 
tver\'   year,  \i    aldermen   or   elclieviiis,    and   kvei.il 
olli  r    oiikers.       The    lubuvb    i ailed    M.uit-I'ont,    or 
I  Iitih-Uiid.ge,  coiiiains    m.iny    houfes    inhabiied     k\ 
MeiiiOi   t.imilies,   who  have  lettled  here   minv  veais 
aj,i:  they  have  kept  I  heir  aiieiciit  l.iiip,uage,  ulicli  has 
iio!  undergone  the  lame  aller.ilions  with  tlie  eoniiivn 
liiiiiilli.     They  adhere  niotl  Icrupulo.^fly  to   fc  a.i,- 
tieiii    limpliciiy   ol    their  nation;   and  thai  i!ie\  iii.u 
lun  ,i!ii  r  or  eorruj  t  it,  thev    never  mairv  km  uiii-'iig 
themlilve-.     .St.  Omcr  is  the  lee  ot  .i  kiilioji. 

On  tlie  eill  ot  this  fuburli,  wlikh  i-  lituatcd  al  'iij, 
the  bank- ot  the  river  Aa,  and  oi  the  norih-eall  ot 
.Si.  Oaier,  iliere  is  a  in.idli,  or  a  kii'.d  ol  lake,  in 
whuli  are  t'ne  taiivais  lloatiiu',-lllaiid ..  Th  \- ilo  not 
lell  on  the  bottom  ot  ilie  lake,  but  i^o  baek.^  iid-  ail 
toiw.u<'s,  .u cording  lo  ilie  motion  thai  i-  fiiveii  them. 
Thev  arc  made  to  move  like  l;oats,  by  rncaiis  eiih'u 
ol  Inks  or  ropes.  There  i-  al-.va\s  jyal  •  growinp;  on 
I'lCie  itlands;  and  people  draw  them  near  tlie  lliore, 
lo  iliivc  their  cattle  or>  them.  Theie  are  afo  lome 
lives,  but  thev  take  care  to  keep  ilieiii  \'  ly  i'w,  ft 
fear  the  wind  llioukl  li.ive  too  tnuJi  hold  of  tkciii,.ind 
ni.'.ke  the  itlands  ino\c  with  violence. 

The  (jovernmeiit  ol  Cmami'.aonk  ha-  Haiiviult  ,-ind 
I  acge  on  the  iiorili,  BnHji^unde  on  ilu-  I'  nth.  l.iix  m 
Inn j5  anil  I.orrain   on  the  i all,  .ind   t' .   Ilk  o    l-i..iKe 
.aiii  I'lc.irdy  on  the  well.      It  is  idoinile   l-e- ■,  in  loin, 
places  exceeds    140  in   bre.ulth,  ami  is  w.iier.d  k\  llu- 
Seine,  Maine,  Aiib',  Aiiiie,  -md  Ma^s.      The  air    1 
I'.iire,  and  the  loil  Icitile.     'I'll     lew  1,  1;-  abound  uilli 
miius,  the  vallics  with  iiiiiu-ial  waius,  and  lie  oii  ll 
Willi  i'.Hme.     'I'he  province  Itleii  1. 1  en  .     it    nair.eti'in 
its  I  xUiili\e  plains.      'J  lie  tiaile  coi  Ink  in  loiii,   w.r,,, 
and  iio.i. 

'1  io\e-,  ihe  capital  oi  the  piovii-.ce,  1'  lial -il  or,  th.'  I 
river  Sen  ,  .:ii  ki:;ue.  Iiom  I'aris  10  tie  loulh-i  .ill.  ' 
Jt  isjicin  l.;ri;e,  1  ut  f.utrom  bciii^  lo  poiuilou.- and  1 


Il  floiii;lliln;i,  .is  formerly.     Its  tiadc  is  confi(!cr;'.!)le,  ami 
I  leveral  iiiaiuifaetiiris  .ue  carri.d  on  in  ir.     The  iieigh- 


lioiirinR  eountn  is  plealaiii ,  ,:nd  tiuitful  in  wine,  giaiii, 
and  palhi'-e.     Ii  is  .1  kill;o])*s  iLc,  and,   in  the  new  di- 


\  111'  II  of  I-iaii. 
m  lit  if  Aulie. 

Font  fiir-Selnc, 
on  the  Seme,  Ills 
'  'cloni'.iiiii  ti  1  it 

I'. 


i'r  \ei  is  tliediiefcily  in  the  depart- 

a  town,  .IS  ill-  name  flie'vs,  fituatcil 
.1  iin;.,iiilii  eiu  k  ai ,  w  lili  fine  gardens 


I'.'lierii.Ly  isa  Imall  town  on  the  Maine.  The  country 
about  it  prodiic  sfx.ellcnt  win-. 

Chalons,  or  Ciial.ni-lur-M.iine,  a  hrp,c  city,  (Itiia- 
ted  on  the  Maine.  Cli  dons  hi-,  a  \\  milling  manu- 
tietory  ot  Ihakoon-.,  which  take  tli-ir  name  Irom  the 
lown,  and  of  otle  r  woollen  iluils. 

Clerinoni,  b.  t  r^  the  revolution,  was  the  capital  of 
an  e.iildoiii,  1  e'.on;.',inL;  to  the  prime  ol  Coiule;  St. 
Dilier,  on  the  Maine,  is  tarn  >iis  for  its  iron  f  ir.'resi  ami 
\aiiy,  ■  n  the  Blai'c,  is  remaikab!.'  for  keln-tlic  llenc 
01  .1  horiid  matlaeic  of  the  I'roiefkints  in  1  ^C)2. 

Ji^invill  ,  on  tiie  Maine,  was,  I x  fore  the  revoliilion,' 
the  1  apit.il  ol  a  priiKipaliu  belon  iiig  to  the  fiinily  of 
O.leai^-. 

Lani;re-  is  a  lort'tied  town,  and  has  a  miiiuf/\ory 
ot  toois  and  knives.  It  was  a  bilhoii's  I'ec  till  die 
revolution. 

C'  a-nnont  is  w  11  I'orillied,  and,  in  the  newdivlllon 
o!  li.UH  ,  i-  tlie  ehiet  to'.Mi  111  the  department  cf 
I'jip.  r  Mime.  . 

Lkr\ai.x  isa  to-.vn  on  the  Aube,  near  which  is  an 
a'obey.  In  it  is  t;,e  lamous  calk  of  Si,  Bernard,  which 
lioiib  Sco  ton  . 

Do.n  Reiiii,  fu'-named  la  Pueellc,  is  the  birtb-plaee 
of  the  lelebr.ited  Joan  d'Arc,  or  the  Maid  of  Orleans. 
Sen.  is  the  capital  of  the  liilbiel  c.illed  from  it 
Sen  no-,  li  is, large,  and  tlielecofa  billi  >p.  The 
liiinciiial  cl'urcii  is  a  tine  monument  of  Gothic  arciii- 
teciiiie.  Tiie  liiiiabiiants  trade  to  I'aris,  by  means  of 
tiie  Yonne,  in  wine,  wood,  coals,  oats,  hay,  &r.  In 
.he  II.  A  iliMiion  of  France,  Sens  is  the  c.ipital  of 
the  dt|iaitme;u  ol  Yonne. 

Vitrv  le  Frar.V'is  is  fmall,  but  well  built,  llrongly 
f  a-tllied,  iiopuf'Us,  and  rich. 

R'  einis  is  on,-  ot  the  moll  ancient,  celebrated,  and 
lirgell  cities  of  Iran.  c.  li  b  the  lee  of  an  archbilliop. 
The  cathedr.d  is  a  line  Ci.nhic  llructure,  and  has  a 
ilaiely  and  Uip.  r!)  i;aie  and  portico.  The  univcrlity 
was  founded  in  the  idth  century,  bv  Charle.-,  arch'ii- 
ilio|i  ot  Rhelms,  and  c.irdinal  ot  Lorrain.  In  the  new 
divill.  11  ol  l-ranee,  Rheims  is  the  duet  town  in  the 
dei'anment  of  Maine. 

In  ihisiitv  .ue  leveral  remain'  of  antkjiiity.  Tlireo 
ol  lis  1; lies  retain  the  n.u'.ies  of  heathen  ileities,  \\r,. 
ol  the  Sun,  of  M.iis,  ,uk!  ol'Cere-.  There  is  a  iii- 
umiikal  .irch,  wli.'hw-as  covered  wiili  e.'.ith,  and  is 
I  ompobd  ot  tlir. e  ar.  lu  s  ot  ihe  Corlii.lii  in  order,  with 
.  o'unuis,  and  1  'allb-relievos  in  the  vaults.  In  the  mid- 
dle a -ill  1-- the  lr.;iireofa  woman  in  tielci,  holding 
r.v  1  coinucopi  IS  in  her  arms,  which  keiu  lo  d.iiotii 
the  Iriiittuln  IS  ot  the  coiintr\  :  t  lur  children,  that  are 
iie.ir  I'.er,  .  xp'e'.s  ih  ■  f  ur  feal'ons  ot  the  year;  and  the 
1  ■  inonths  aierip  eieiiied  bv  1  >  proper  ligiiiv.  The 
two  oilier  arch,  s  are  eicli  50  leet  hit;h,  and  8  bro.ul. 
I'l'.Lt  on  the  ri'.'.hi  ImivI  ha-  the  ti>j,uies  ot  Romulus  anil 
Remus  liiekiiij,  i  llie-wolt  :  on  tluir  fides  are  the  lliep- 
h.  id  F.iullulii  ,  .md  the  Ibeplier.kls  Acta  Ivuirenila. 
Ill  the  thud  arch  .ue  to  be  leen  a  Leda  eiiilira  iiig 
|ii;iii.r  iiui-tormed  into  a  Iwaii,  with  a  Cupid  wiio 
I  ;  is  tliein  with  his  llambeaii.  There  arc  the  remains 
ol  inotiicr  triumphal  arch  In  'his  ciiy,  and  allo'l" leve- 
r.il  1  '.lib  iiuiik-  by  the  Rom.uis  in  the  iiei;.',liboiulioocl 
ul  R'.eiii  5.  Tiie  c'niei  tiade  here  is  lh.it  ol  uire,  Se- 
vcr.il  kinds  ot  t'liii  wo.,ill,-ii  iluii'-,  mix  A  with  tiik,  arc 
i:,anu.a>iured  in  ilrs  ca-, . 

The  |).iiicipa;  places  of  Brie,  bel  ni^in:;  to  tlii?  go- 
\'eiiiment,  ,11  e 

Meaiix,  I  II  the  Main.',  a  very  an.  lent  city,  and  the 
if  a  b  ih  p.     Here  is  a  Uli  v^raiiaiy.     Tlie   tr.ide 


a  0  111  p. 
10  F 


coalitU 


A  NT'W,  R(lT.\r.  ANi>  Arnir.N'TlC  system  or-  rN'IVF.RSAI.  f-rOCRAPHY. 


I'S  .1? 


'Hi 


r«  t^ 


hi} 


m\    'I 
'if-:  I' ■   i 


r* 


lOIl 


(ilU 


I  i,u  iiv  111  ^i,r.iri,  woo: 


iiul  I  li.  (  r, .     Iiit!ieiiC\v  I    'aIio  were  li:lcd  i!.uip!ii:i'-  d'.i  \'i  iiti( 


Ai  i.iil  Di 


ili\ilion  o 


r  r..VKf,  M, 


'.ii\   Lb  m 


[Ik-  >!.  ivuinKiU    ot  I    'iliiii    lluiui.ri,  having 


inc  ani 

I'rovi 


1  M.i 


I    I'hilii)  VI.  oi  l-',aiK-c, 


no  I  luUlii  II,  iii.ui.'  It  owr  to 
I'll  co:iiil;ioii  lli.:t  the  i:iii:iliit:iMts 


!o\\  •■,  .>;i 


t'.K   litlli'  ii\    r  V. 


lln.! 


(li'iiilii   Hill  rit.iiri  tluii'  p!uilti!C'i,  lluit  tile  pi ov 


IlKi- 


riviMl 


■):c  oil  '.iitii.c   o'  I  "111 


io  l'.i;is  I  \  iliL- Scuu-,  ti>'ni       ilioiilil   1)1-    lor  twr   iiii  (>rpor.itf>l   wiili   liie  cmun  of 


.•1-,  it 


IS  o:ilv  live 


J>i  ':  m,  iR..r  i;     hoi.l 
ot  till-    k.y-  iT   l-ii' 


I 


il'.rt.ini. 
,ll\l-I-.lI1lll> 


I'la 


cini;  ciu-  '    «  nil  tUf  anil'  an 


IRC, 

ill  till 


;ul  11 


,11   lllf  king's  lliitll   loll  llioillil  ituov 


i.tl...l  1)1 


1  \\K  V.  ar 


•  A') 


-   ilion.  Iv  loinli  .1. 


1^ 
nt'w   i'i;\  ilion  ol   I'l  .M  c,    ii  is  the  'CI'  ol  .1  liillv'l',  and 
ill  ilsf  .K|i..;;.'  I-  t  ol  Ai\l:i:,f  .     I  l.ic  lb  ulini;  talUc, 
iiiul  .1  maiuita  !i;:y  oi  tiotli  .iiul  1  rj;c. 

Tlu  I  ■.oviTiv-.'.-:it  ct'  niro.i'NPV  li,>  Cl'anip'.p.f.c  o!i 
t'lfiiori'i,  Lvoniuii-  o,i  ila  louili,  I'laiu  lie  Comu- on 
fix- c.'.tl,  a-i.l  NiWMois  and  Umiiinnii  >is  on  the  will. 
I  »  lcni;tli.  troiii  iMiiii  t  >  I'ouili,  is  aii'ui  4;  leii;iKS 
and  it^  I  ic.uldi.  Ir.ini  fail  fiu.tl,  .iliont  ;^  ll  is 
vc-iv  ttai'!.-  i  .  I  Mil,  win  ,  liini,  and  lol.icto;  liciiu', 
uaiiicd  In  the  S  in  ,  iln.  IXIiirii.,  wliieli  lalN  into 
the  SMne.  the  B;\l)in  e,  "t  nomliince.  tlic  Armanvin, 
tl'.e  O.iclie,  .1:1  1  tlie  T.  ii..  Tli.  re  aiv  lonv  nutnl  1111- 
n.  ra!  Iprin^?  Ill  it,  wii'a  iubt  rraneo'.is  lakeland  pleniy 
ot  I  clue,  lor  a  loni'  tiini.it  liid  ilu'as  ot  its  own, 
liiiii  rdmate  to  the  triwn  ol  I'lance;  I  vit  LwaIs  XI. 
ar  li'l,  upon  the  t'.iiluK-  ot  hei;'  ir..i!:.  I',  izcd  upon  it, 
and  .iiiiKsed  it  t  ■  !ii«  irow'i.  '1'Ik-  piiniipal  [iliLi-s  iii 
the  !eV(.ial  |vris  ot  Ikiijj/mdv  au- I'.e  loilov,  1:1  ;  : 

I)  ;'>ii.  t:-..- capital,  is  .i  la-   e  r.;;iiied  town.     It  1 
I'v  I.e    •:  ahilluji,  .iiid.  :ii  the  lic-.v  d.v  li   a  o!  l-ianie, 
ill    I  ipital  ot  the  ilepariin  i.t  ■  I  C"ti  d'Or.     (.'■  ntain- 
a:   M  ■!('  ■■>  oh'icnie-,  a  >  olh^,•  of  l.iw,  allai-.l-.  la!- 
tl  .   ,1-..,!  1  ver.d  h   I,  1:  .1  .      I  o;',:  .ine   .!e  \)r.  ;i,  a  \il 
laje  ;.i  ir  ;-, ,  wisili    I  ii.  ili-plAe  ol  St.  Ilnnaid. 

/\-..il  :..  >  n  ill.  C"ii;'.n.  Ill  an '..  l;i.a'.  S.i.iuir,  011 
tlu-  Arniar.i,  'n,  has  two  tm  ■  l.-.i.'j;  .s,  a  ij,i.ai,;iy  Oi  liilt, 
acaille,  and  a  cloth-m  im.iactoiy. 

Cliaiilloti-lur-Seine,  euntain-  f  )  li  fp-.tals,  in  one 
of  which  p  or  t•.■^velLr^  are  niai:."  lin  d  t  >r  il.r^e  iL)  . 

Auxevie,  on  tl'c  Yoiin^ ,  is  the  caj^it  ;i  ol  the  dilhict 
ell  d  A.i.xeiiir-,  .iiul,  in  ihe  new  ih\ili  in  ol  1  r.;;-ec, 
is  the  ehiet  I  ah  in  the  dep '.iii-.-.ent  ot  Vonni-.  \\'..- 
fuiiiKilv  a  1  iiluipV  i(.e,  cur.iains  llveral  lio']iii..!i,  a::a 
a  grand  p  il-.^e. 

Aiilini,  on  the  Aroiix,  ll  c  eajital  ut  Antur.oi  ,  and 
i-  d,  ended  I'V  a  i  ila  del. 

Miy  ri,  <in  the  Soane,  in  the  n 'w- diMlloii  01  l-iance. 
i-  •'  e  .  .ipiial  ot  I  he  di ;  ai  iinent  ..1  So.ir.e  .md,  I.,  -in-,  and 
w.  I'-nutrly  .1  l<  ih  p'-U.-.  In  ::  i.uned  lillh.u 
in  ?i  \,  It  u  ,  uia.'i.d  I  hat  if  ,1  l.r  ;r,  1:1  on  h  .1;,  hr  k 
ll.'.'  .Id  ni.et  ,'i  pill,!  ,11  t.i  .1,  iht  loi.ii  I  ll.  uild  tieli-end 
tu  d.>  iL-veiei.i. .  til  I'le  piiell. 


in  the  !  ihi^  apr-ement  was  tullv  e.\ei.i'ied.  N^artwo  iluids 
'll  the  j)io\iriii.-  are  \eiy  baii'.n.ind  moiiiitaiiio.ii- ;  I  ut 
ilie  niouniains  eonlain  .1  vai  .;.i\  ot  mii,,r.ih,  aiid,  111 
oiiie  pl..>  e  ,  ail  I'Ver.'l  vM(h  l.nh  it-e--,  wliu  h  are 
VI,-.  v.ihi.il'ie,  a^  they  IV  I  (Milv  \.ild  a  veiy  ihiralih- 
w  od,  1  111  .i|;o  manna,  hen/o  11,  ai-.d  ij^arie ,  the  l.ill  ot" 
wliiih  i^  iileil  111  phvlii.  .iiid  (hiiiji  leailel.  The  more 
levi.1  ami  Iriiitfiil  part  of  the  |ro\in,e  is  lalinl  Louer 
Daiiphi:  e.  On  die  nunui'.ains  are  .ilio  fouiul  tevvial 
l"rtso|  -.ul.l  iniiViaU,  as  Inar-,  marmot ',  >.liamois-j.',oats, 
and  otlur  li>eue>ol  f;oai-,  tailed.  In-  ilie  I-VcikIi,  l-.ii- 

i  i;iKttoiis,  11  chevrels,  ioi;>ther  w-ith  white  h.ne-,  p.ir- 
tiidges,   e.H'des,  li.Aks,  Nc. 

Daiiphine  had  a  ^-i\evi"'r  md  pailiameni,  and  1  011- 
laiii'  the  lollowini'  prim  ;pal  pia  e   : 

I       (jiiiiol'le,  liiu.iied  on  ili.  i  -nl'iix  iJ  the  liere  an  1 

i  Drac,  in  a  plain  at  th.e  1  ol  ol  d:  e  iii-ainLiin^.  Ii  r.-- 
1 1  ivcd  il^  name  iiom  liie  enip.  ror  ( iv.ilian,  I'lii-.t  \'a- 
i-.nli:ii.iii  I.  Iioin 'aIh n.  I  11  l^l.lllell,  i:i  I  ,at  ,11,  (n.itiana- 
pol;-,.  It  I',  li'",''Ver,  nu:i.!! -uore  .;;icieiit -,  .'.  .is  bet  irc 
,.il!,d  Cidai  ',  and  !  el.i:  iz;  d  I  1  ih,-  Al.o'.r.io  .  It  Ins 
lie>  n  a  I'llliop'^  lee  e\ ,  1  liiu  e  die  'oiiitli  cent  my.  The 
I'.lplnnal  toiiiu  ll,  ,  ll.iliillied  h.  re  in  1^4'',   in   1  liiir.- 

'.  !  eit  II.   Paupl  in  '  t  \  Kimoi  .  w,i-  er.eted  into  a  par- 

;  n,;iiHni  in  i-v;;,  h\  kin;',  L,t .,i-  \l.  T'iiiscitv  1-  ucli 
p.op'eil,  a-i.l  io;ii:n,;iuled  h-,-  a  lort  lallcd  la  Hillille. 
11k  I;,  re  vhvide  -Ik  I  i|\  ini.  iao  uneijiial  parts.  I  lere 
are  n  >  hue  i  i.iMin^'-,  i'\e,  pi  ih.  i  illi  ip'^  pal.u  ■,  w  liu  li 
ow,s  it--  I  eaiily  to  c.;rd-f.ai  !  (.'riuis  billiopot  (ireiio- 
I'lc;  :inA  IS  adorned  by  tic.vllint  pimtinvis,  repK-leni- 
ing  Our  ■'s.iM  '111'-,  lit,-  ,ukI  p'-lVrni,  anil  '  ly  ihe  pietnre 
ot  ihe  l.i.li'p.     Ti  etviwn  wa-:  Ir-ili  d  In  the  eliev.ilier 

'  de  \'ille.  Ti.e  likin,  liiai  li  1-. e-  o:  CircnoMe  .lie  v.ry 
iiin.h  tllecired;  hut  tli  -  u o'  li.ii  liull'  are  hut  i.iai'e. 
I  lieu  '.'..I',  nor,  evi  11  ,  el'ire  ihe  rev-  liiiiun,  onea'ihey 
ot  ii'.tii  m  iho  wli   le  <lio,  V  If,   :-.r.d  i  i.l  > 'lie  ot  m  il.lcii', 

I  \i/.  dial  ol   I  let'.  III'  ih,    C  I'uli.i.i    ortier.      Ii   t  .e 

!  11, w  tliMii  in  ol  li.'ii.e,  (jimolile  is  the  I hiet  town  in 

I  the  ilep.'.i  nil,  III  ol  l;cK. 

I  Nv,.i  till  I  iw '1  u.'.s  ih,  l.iiiioiis  iii.inatlerv  a  ,  I  I't-mii- 
t '-^e  ll  die  Carthnl:,in  nioii'-.s,  i  lie'!  in  l"i,;ith,  li 
(  iiandeL'liarir,  iiL  ,  or ;  !,>.  Ciie  a  L.iMrlerdi,iu.  ,  !  ei  .,iilc 
liui-liie   lull   ol   lliu   Older,   louaddUv   Si.  Miiiiio. 

:  ll  b  liuia:etl  0:1   lii'.;h  inounia'n  ,  >  ovt  .-n!  -ahIi  ihiik 


n.ion,  on    i 


h     .S, 


.tu,  w.is  a 


111 


lie  till  the 


r.  V,  'liiiioii. 


)i:ri)  >n 


B' 


ll  IS  'itl.  iidi.d  i'V  a  ciii.l  I. 
L'.-V'i  V   I    t  elelirau  tl  tor  r     -.vaiiii  :;i  inr 


»n  !  I  ont  -.i/.s  line  u-n.un  tj.  the  ...u  n.-,;  R  n 


ll      .iti  s. 


l-.i.t  I 


i-.-  p 


I 


,t.    1: 


h  111  Ilk 


(tail.! 


le  e  i|ii: 


s  'Ki  th  ■    Rel'V.ili: 


o;  tlii:  in- 


'll 


.t  I . 

ti    tile  '  I  ;-,;i- 


I. a    Hi    lie 

1    Ih 


I:  id  a  uirdei.  anil  x- di.ili  (  h,  v.  hi  h  he  •  ii'i  ,\  .ite'l 
w  nil  l.is  o-An  h- iiih.  Ai''-i  li.i  ■  'ea-'iit-  li  111  (ii  - 
luilile  ii.i  pi  ■  e  ol  .T  ai     I  ■.l;  i 


unies  'ill 


11: 


I  -.l-.  i!  ...  IS  liiioke,  a".d 
re;    11. d    .,1    l:i  -  d.li   'u  e  oi  I'li  ■  1 


IP  1 1.-" 


I'L  initiy. 
;rnd  tkiii 


'Idle  1 


ail'  ll.  re  ai'.  elnillv  lor  h- 'lUs,  i..iHh  , 


eapitil  ot'tlu;  C'  i.nirv  e.'.lli.. 


L.e  I! 


•1  d.e  n  \v  tliMiionol   I-'rani  e,   Utliey  i-^  tl 


t  ..h   p,   111  the  depirtinent  ot  A: 


lie   in  Ol  a 


(.    i.   ai    the   I 


j'lt  ot    niouni   Si.  C'l'iivh,  mai  tlic 


lake  ot  (j  n  \  i,  'jivt  n.aiiie  to  .idilhi.t,  eMendiiij; 
fr"ni;o;t  ilT'.eluic  to  ih.- village  "f  Crolliy.  It  l.e- 
loiiiv  ll  to  ihe  pniin.  ol  Coiuli 


1 


le  prm  1;    tiiy  ot  Doinlns,  ^y 


ihi.  h  1 


les  toiiligirais 


to  tncgovcrn-nriit  'it  15  irjriiiulv,   ln.t  1    iiidi-p.  iidnit  ol 


It,   txMid-  nine  le. lilies  iti  leiiuth,  ahii   l' 
IjttaJth,  and  1    a  Vir\  ]  leaiiiiit  truilliil  eou 


iiinn ' 


leinaliis  ol  1)  <iii 


111  lie  Soant,   i:.  ill'.-  eai 


■■■■■)' 


■t   tl 


I  a  e  1:;    (..iveij  ot  -S.in.i;;, ,  .iiul  a  pr'iiio,   in   w'i^^lll^  a 
I  .v.n.rddl. 

I  It  ii  ,ill'<,  am  'ii:',   he  '.'.iiv,-!  m  ihe  I'pr'ne',  ■"''-  loiiinl 
a  1  rt  t.t    pr'.eious  li   lu-..  l..M;e  while,  Ionic  ol  aduk 


I    lour,   vei V  liiii'odi,  ani 


line  I 


ultie. 


;n 


Thole 
de  tlaie  n'lt  (inh  the  licit. 


1.1  lie  ll/.-,  .'.nd  111   pe  ot 

i'lt  I  till  1,  i.iro|l  i  10)  the  eye,  ilu  v  expel  all  itii]iii  itic^ 

'.'.  nil  lui  liiiuiiti:'.    It    in  the  i-^.u! 

li.ni  Cjien.Ji  !e  1-  ihe  11. in  ril  I' 


/\!    lit    l!\c  le.igi 
iriiiL',  of  la  Moihc,  the 
^.aI^^^l|  aIi  i  li  n-.-  piell\  hoi,    an  I  hij;!i!v    illeemed, 
.  in  -,  a  1 1  It  itn  r,  meih.    or  .ill  ililord.  r^  ot  die  ll 0111a,  h, 


Ih 


an  I  cvvii  luiuiicls. 


Si.  [i  Hint,;'  lin, III  p'  i  e,  'nit  the  r,ipii;i|  .it  iju- 11  m 


'I  ("iiaiu.iiaur,  b  Ion  .tl  l,.iniei|-  to  the  fuiiilvot* 


Vilk 
li 


1 1. Ill' -HI,   a!  tlu  I  onllix  o!  I 


I) 


lire  :'nd  Aneea,  i« 


ipi    ll  ot  the  dilliul,  i.id  d  t  or.  It  Riianeolin 


The  Cloveinment  til  n.AfpiiiSF.  is  b.mndnl  on  and  h  e.  a  t  .all..  Iilu  .ud  on  .1  lit.  p  r- i  k.  On  te^  k-.ivv  ^ 
t  .--- loutli  by  I'loMiKe,  on  ilu  north  by  Hielle  ami  the  h  ot  the  la:\n  iitr  Iki  .'  i-~  1  'jiiilurcl  a  manna, 
Klioiit,  on  th.-eall  b\  the  Alps  .md  S.uoy,  anil  on  iIk  I '  wliii  Ii  I  ilh  in  tli.-  nip.hi,  and  null;  aslo-nastlu  luii 


w.ll  by  Ih    Rl 


111'  ll  Icpaiaie-  \<  to. 111  ihr-  1  .yi 


toi-  ind  Languiduc.     Ji  had  iani^  pinn.;i  ol  is  -jwi 


lliines  iijjoii  11.      '1  lu.  Iioll.r  the  It.'.loii  tli' 
ilul  11 


e  ni'jre  piell- 
Mu.uti.-r 


IllllR- 


l'l\l' 


rOC.RAPFTV. 

i  ntu.i'..  A(  l.ill  Dm. 
lUIri  II,  iii.ui-  it  owr  to 
ion  tli..t  the  iaii;il)it:iiits 
pt'i,  tli:it  lllc  pioviiKi- 
I'M  Willi  the  cnv.Mi  .!(■ 
til  Inn  llioulil  i.ni')v  II, 
Ipn.  Ill  IJK  V.  .\r  I  ,'4,) 
U-(l.  N>  :ii"  I'vo  lli'.uls 
.mil  mnunMin.iU  ;  1  wt 
V  lit  iiii!,.r-il  ,  aiiil,  in 
I.Mcli  itiC"-,  whii  li  arc 
y  \  itUl  .1  viiv  iluralil." 
I,  aiiil  i;;arii ,  il.c  Liil  of 
n<i  kirici.  Till-  more 
(uiiKc  is  lal'kti  Lower 
I  ave  alio  fouiul  liviial 
irmot^,  i.hamoi'.-i.viats, 
i!,  I'V  iIk-  I'lfiu i),  I'lii)- 
w;ili  u  liitv'  li.;it-,  p.ir- 

il  ii:i:Tia;;if:it,  aiul  1  011- 
i  c   : 

•■iil'.ux  '  1  I'lK'  Iil'i\'  an  1 
<\  c  ni'  unl.uns  li  !%■- 
rnr  dr.iiian.  I' HI  I  \a- 
kil,  in  I  ,:it;ii,  (natiana- 
orc  .mi. lent  ;  ...is  iu'!  ire 
)  t!..-  Al.ui  r.)<'  .  Ii  Ins 
c  fiii.iili  ci.tniy.  The 
:.  If  in  I  -.^  '\  l'\  1  liur.- 
w  !  (.iwtLiI  inti)  a  par- 
X  I.  'I'lli--  t  iiv  1-  we'll 
a  lort  laliid  la  IMlilIc. 
AO  uiiei|ii;'.l  parts.  I  leiv 

■  bilh  >p'^  pa!.u  ■,  wliiili 
I'liii^.  hilhop  ut  (iivno- 
ni  pimtings,  rcprtlcnt- 
i  111,  .inil   ,\  the  pu'tiiro 

■r.>li  U  In  ill-  iU:\  ilier 
i-^  ()'.  Circn  >Me  .iic  v,  ry 
^n  I'uitt-  arc  l.ut  i>iar!e. 

■  ri.'V"!iiiion,  <inc  aMiey 
nil  I  lit  Hill-  ot  111  li.lcn', 
Urii.i.i    order.     I  1  t.c 

!e  is  t!ie  I  iiiet  town  in 

is  Mitiiiallery  a:.'!  Iii-rini- 

«.   Ikil    in   I'l.nt'i,    1 1 

Ciiarier-lKuiii  ,  I  ci  .lulc 

tinwul  (I  hv  Si.  Mnino. 

I  uVl  .m!    a  I'll    |i;ii  L 

I'lc.  :;.t.  r,  .1  !i  in  nk 
li,  V.  !.i  h  lie  ■  u'l  .\  .itoil 

.     'cl'llf    tl     111     (il     - 

Is  tiiiiikf,  a".(l  kim,'- 

il.li  '111  e  ol  I'll  ■  r  ap^iii- 

illo,   III   whali  ii  a 

n  iLe  fpr^nns,  arf  loiinil 
while,  ri>nie  ot  a  duk 
.'a  linv  hill  re.  Tlioli- 
ilau  n"t  onlv  the  belt, 
I  \  expvl  all  imjiu  iiie^ 
Ai-  lit  h\e  le.ip,ues 
iriiiL',  <•(  \.\  Mothe,  tl;c 
an  I  liij;!ilv  1  iKi  nu(l, 
luf'l.r^  nt  ;lie  ilonuivli, 

iliei  .ipii  :\l  "t  ill.-  (Mtin- 
ini-il    to  ilie  f  iniily  ot' 

I  '■  Dure  :'nii  Ancca,  is 
I  oi;  It  Ml  ia''i;'iiiiv  li', 
\>  ;■  1  k.  {)'il.\  \v.'.\.^ 
■   'J,  i;  hi  re'!   a  m.inn  1, 

lel'i  as  lo'.ni  as  ili  !i,ii 
t.i;oii  till.-  iti'jri'  pieii. 

Moiuiivir 


Kl'ROPi:.] 

Mniictier  is  a  iiiun  in  thi-  (llllri.-l  of  Biian^- m,  wIk  re 
i'.  alpiuv!  iliat  Ipniiis  mil  water,  now  and  ihvn  li.x  feet 
lii;j,h,  and  lonii'li'ius  more. 

Amiiiiiiii,  or  I'.niliriiiii,  ihrnpitil  ot'ile  inaritiine 
Ai|)s,  and  ilu' terriiory  eil  e'l,  timii  ihe  m  ^  n,  Anihni- 
ivii  ,  ll.iii'ls  on  a  llep  roi  I.,  at  the  f  1,  t  <  t'wii'th  runs 
t!ie  Duian.e.  It  '..  i  ,  In- or.-  tlu  r  voliuimi,  tli,- lie 
()'  ..n  irihliillv'p,  vUiu  llil^d  li.iiih.h  [-.lii.e  a. id  i.'iiint 
ol  Anibrum. 

(Jipis   die  ( a|iit  ,1  1)1   ilie  territory,  call 'd  irum   il 
(1  ipencois,  an  I  \>  as  ili    lee  ol  a  liiih"p.     At  Si.  I'etir 
1  V  \io   iil'iin  is  a  n-incral  watrr;   ,iiid  111  the  I  ike 'if  I'el 
li.'ieis   is  a  lloiiiinir   lueado-.v  cinlilliiv'  ot   iiiais  and  I 
lullies. 

\  K  niie,  on  tlie  Rliom',  i  ;  l.ati'.ics  .'riini  f'lrcivihle, 
wasiiiKi-a  Riini.in  lolony,  and  atcw-ird-  thi- king- 
dom ol  l{iiiL',u".dv.  It  i-.  lai-g.-,  andciniiiiis  lever, il 
reiii.iiiis  ot  Ri'iii.ui  Imildin.'s,  a  niaiiii  act  irv  ot  li.iid- 
nan ,  iiul  annili  rofjiaj  cr.  .Some  mineral  I'prnig  .irc 
foviid  m  us  dillii^'t,  wl'iih  is  ealled  Vk-iwi  'is. 

I  aiii  is  (anions  I'lr  lis  hernntaf!;'.-  wine.  Si.  An- 
ilmlne  I'lniained  ihf  alii'eyo;  S;.  Antlinpy,  whie'.i  w.is 
die  on!v  oa^  nt  ih  it  ord  r. 

\  aleiu  e,  liie  ca|i.ial  I't"  ilr-  ValeiiP:' lis,  a  pl.ac- ol 
.nni  v-',iiiv,  lia.;d-  on  ill  -  Riuin  ,  i  r.t.iin.  an  univcr- 
liiv,  aiul  IS  lar^'.e, -.\.  II  '  .Miied,  and  ilu- lee  of  a  l-,illiOj). 
Ill  ihe  new  diwii  in  of  l-'i:ini  ,  V'llen.-c  i-  tlu-  elik-t 
t   wii  in  ilic  departnunt  ot  l):i);i!e. 

I);,,  on  li-e  Di'iinine.  o-,c.  '.\  !i:i  li  it  has  a  liridj^e,  is 
tlee:ij  iia!  of  .'.  dilli  il1  ,  lull. .us  l,ii  it  iiiiiiv-ral  lpi-m|j,s, 
an'l  I'-r  a  ll.ip  1  i.  i>  in  ilie  iv.  i-;Mi"ijrhoiid,  calLiI  t'-c 
liin;-.'-e(-nililt  M  uKUain,  .,nd.,  till  the  rsVolulion,  w.-.s 
ill-  ti  e  of  a  liiihop. 

The  piin' ip-.lii\  <>•  Oranr'.e  is  alioni  f nir  l-'r^-nch 
le:i.:n  ■  i.i  l-.;".iV''>  -'"'  '  '  '•"  '■'  '•"'eadih,  and  had  t'or- 
inerly  uniiits  aii.l  pi'n.is  of  its  own;  but,  in  the  year 
i;;i,  u  (aii'e  I'' th.- h-nil'e  ol  Nili'iu,  in  wiii;  h  it  mn 
t.nu.d  nil  llicdi.i'i  ot'  Wiliia'ii  Menr\,  prime  of 
( )nn-^e,  il  idili.'Mi  r  u;  il'il'and,  aid  king  ot  Great 
liiitiin.  In  ih.  )■'.:<.[■  I  7  I  !  1-H-d,  ri' k  W'llli.nii,  kinj,  o! 
I'lullia,  :\ni\  one  o;  knu;  Wihiam's  heirs,  ceded  it  to 
Ir.iiur;  arid,  in  17:',  I.cw-is  X\'.  p.aVe  it  to  the 
pri;ue  of  Coiui.  Auiw.'.rds  it  was  .ui!ie\ed  to 
llie  !.'; 'Verninent  nl  I)a'.:jiliiiie.  The  onl\  pl.-.CJ  in 
it  w.'itli  nuntioiiiiig  IS  tli.il  tiiiiii  wliivli  it  t..kl■^  it-. 
nam  ,   \:/. 

()van'e,in  Lat.n  Araulin,  llf.iated  on  the  li:'!e  ri.-  r 
MiiiK-,  in  a  Iv  aniitiil  p  nil  a!) 'Ht  a  lea.-.ii  -  li-.>m  the 
Khon.-.  and  live  troiii  .•\Mgnoii.  It  wa-,  iinti!  the  revo- 
hri.  ill,  (he  lei- I'i  a  bilhop.  Ifei\  .'.ic  lever. -.1  ten.ains 
ol  Rom. in  ma'/.'iiiii  enee,  panimlaily  a  line  tiiumpii.d 
auli,  and  :in  .imphitlieaiK-. 

Ti:e  ('loverntiu  nt  ot  I'RovrNer.  d  rive-  it^  name 
from  tin  Latin  I'rov  !:-,<.n ;  and  is  boniul  d  to  the  fouth 
li\  till-  Mcvhurr.iiH-an  ;  to  the  ilori'a  bv  Diojiliin^-;  ti 
llir  \\i  II  In  th.  Rhone,  vvhieh  fepaiaie-  it  li  'in  Lui- 
tluedo-;  and  :■■<  the  call  bv  tlse  Alj^s  and  the  V'.ir, 
wliith  li-paraie  it  li'im  the  domini  ms  1  f  ih',-  kin  ■,  c  f 
Siiim.i.  I;  1  diMd.d  ini'i  tiK'  Upper  ,111  1  Low- I,  lis 
le:i.,iii  beiiii-;  a!iout  4.'  Fieni-h  1 '  igii.  s.  and  its  lueadlli 
a!'i'iit  30.  TIk- air  and  loil  difii  r  wid-.ly  in  the  two 
di\  i;i  'iis>  for  in  the  firmer  I'le  aii-  is  icm]i.-rati-,  but  in 
till  Lilt  r  i.Niremelv  li'il.  The  I'ornui  v  leUls  good 
coin,  ai'jilef,  and  pears,  and  aboiinil  111  cattle,  but  has 
hide  wiiie.  On  the  contrarv,  the  lalier  ii.is  ]il  iity  of 
wine,  with  cnan^'.',  lem  ni,  pom -liranatc,  \\s,,  yi.ihn,  i  v- 
pieb,  olive,  mailic,  tiv.-d'ar,  and  lea-(lierr\  iie.s;  ban 
does  not  prod'iic  hall  the  t]'ianiiiv  ot  C'>rn  neeellarv 
lor  th'.'  iiiliabitint  .  Tlis  p.oviiv.  e  vi-lds  alto  a  kind 
ol  bo\,  the  liuit  of  will  h  prueeds  trom  tlu-  niiddl 
ot  ilu- !e.i',  aiuUoiit-niie- al'  I'e  V  arriMnv'.  O'  t!i.n 
wiiu--,  the  Mull  ad- 1  is  die  beil.  In  iIk-  ro.ul  and 
liaibi)urol  Toidoii  is  laughl  a  iilli,  enelof  d  in  a  lloiie, 
whiih  nuin  In-  broke  Ih-Ioic  the  lilh  can  '-e  i  ome  a;, 
and  call  -d  a  d.uc  Irnii  its  relem'  l.ince  to  th.it  liuii. 
The  tide  ot  it  i-.  veiv  a-'je.-able  :  but,  in  p.en'  i.il,  tht 
tilli  III  the  Meditetiaaean  arc  inliiior   to  ilul'e  ol  the 


RANGE. 


O'lan.     There  is  all 
ill 


ill 


il  in  t! 


IIS  pr.ivmie, 


called  be.  ca-fii^o,  that  te.  ds  only  upon  ;-'.i'apc  and  figs, 
and  IS  iKIitalc  citing,  iron,  bbuk  ai;ate,  copper, 
and  le.id,  ar--  lou-ul  lee.  Th'.ii-  arc  no  eonli-.l,  rahlc 
rivers  in  the  pr'\i".e.-:  i,  -.-  chiel  a;e  the  Diiran.  e,  thu 
Sout^e,  the  L.irgi  ns,  (inallid  trnm  tlie  Iranlpareiicy 
ot  Its  wi'lei',)  ihe  [,re,  ih.-  V,  rdon,  ;ip.d  the  Var;  tlie 
lall  oi  which  divides  !■  ance  Irom  liaiv.  The  woo  Isaro 
luimcroiis,  ami  aiVord  a  ;'_ri-at  deal  '.f  timber  liir  fh!))- 
buildiii'.',  and  other  nils.  Almoll  the  whole  trade  from 
I'laive  to  Italy,  llie  l.ev.nl,  ar.d  the  greater  part  i.f 
Spain,  is  tarried  on  from  tlii-  pi   viiue. 

A. .\, the  i  apital,  fo  called  Ironi  it  di.iths,  is  ilxKagii.-s 
III  nil  MarTeilLs,  the  fee  of  an  archbilliop,  has  a  (lately 
C'llu-dral,  a  iniblic  library,  a:i  univerliiv,  i.vo  cull  ges, 
an  academv  of  linearis,  louiilains,  a  moll  btautilul 
w.ilk  calle  I  Le  C'mor  de  Orbits fl  -,  a  i'iwnd)')ufe,  and 
line  pala  e.  li  is  liiu.ted  in  a  fertile  valley,  particu- 
larK  famous  f  ir  it .  oliv.  s,  wiiicli  yield  excellent  i  i!. 
In  the  new  diMlio'i  it  l-'r.mce,  j\':\  is  the  chiel  town 
in  the  dep:'.riment  ol  lieui  Iks  du  Rhone. 

Buns  a.nd  b;-Lllesar.-  li>  pi.  niif'.il  here  as  to  be  of  the 
gicatell  aiinoyanc  -  t'l  ili  i,.l) abii.int^  'l"he  in^onvi.- 
nience  ariliig  tniin  t'^e'.e  \ermin  is  thus  r.-prcLnied  by 
a  Iuj  travJler.  "  I  think  -^lavs  he)  we  are  n')w  in  the 
re;j,i.)ii  (f  Hies,  buf-,  aiu!  beitle-;  a;  cver\  pl.ice 
Iwarms  with  tlufe  difiureeablc,  trou'olcfomc  v.rinin. 
Not  a  ninlit  has  ther^  b  en,  lincewe  left  l'aris,tiiat  one 
I'r  boiii  of  us  hive  not  llej')t  on  tlu  floor,  lor  kar  ot 
i  ling  .iti.icke.l  by  thofj  le:;ii Mis  that  lie  in  ambulli 
aniidil  tlu;  crevi,  es  of  liie  1  ids,  and  only  wait  fur  our 
ll.ep  to  make  tluir  attack.  Ourcuilom  is  to  draw  o;!' 
the  upper  m.Utral's  wiili  the  llieet  and  bo'lLr  1 'n  ir, 
into  the  middle  ot  th  ■  room;  and  by  this  means  we 
niten  ell  ape  the  annoyanLC,  except  it  be  from  a  111  .;;- 
gler  who  has  rambled  trom  the  main  hoi'\ .  It  is  .1 
l!raii:;c  ciill'ini  which  ihex  have  in  the:e  p.irls,  where 
the  li.at  i-  olien  verv  trou'.  delo-ii-  ,  to  hi-.'g  their  ro-inis 
with  a  kind  "1  dv:k  riij,,  or  .1-  tl.i'.  miy  c:-ill  it,  t.i- 
pedrv;  tor  it  ha-  adiit\  look,  .'.r;d  iiily  I'.rves  i.i  in- 
create  the  w.ir  nih  oftlem,  and  t'j  turnilh  hives  and 
iiurl'eric>  fjr  thole  detella;  1  •  vetmin  th.-.t  have  jiut  us 
in  I'uli  t'  rrors. 

.Sa'oii  is  lix  leagues  well  t^f  Aix.  ITre  the  famous 
prelendetl  pri  piKt  Noibodami;    di.-d  in  15   6. 

St.  R.my  is  a  conli  L  r -.bile  toAii,  and  I-  rnierlv  be- 
longdtotl'.e  p:i  HC  of  M.in.'.'-'i.  It  i.  liluat.d  near 
th.  lake  ol  filacier-:  Le  Ba'.ife,  in  the  bailiwick  of 
Ailes,  hki'vili  1  i!.)n;'(-d  10  the  prince  i-t   Monaco. 

Arle  ,  oil  the  R'.  one,  foi-ir.i.  ri\-  a  Roman  colony, 
C'  mains  m.'.n\  anti-.jue  cuiiufitie  ,lu.  Ii  a^R'-)man  tomb-, 
llatues,  an  a'.iiphitl.e.itr. ,  an  obealk,  <S.i. 

This  cit\  was  foimeily  the  capital  of  the  king- 
dom ot  Riir^'undv,  ani!,ui'iil  the  r. Vi-lution,  wa-  dig- 
i-.i'.i'.d  witli  a  meiioi  ijl  1  .li  lee.  .iii'l  ,;n  ai  ai'eiin ,  kn.'Wn 
:n  the  name  ol  The  R'lval  .A-.adilir.  of  Scieiins  and 
I  i;;i',uages.  It  w.i,  r.ir.cd.  in  ■.<(''.,,  i\  tlie  king's  let- 
te'-  |?ate!u;  by  v.hi.h  it  was  o.ilei'cd,  th.  t  tlie  num!;er 
of  mei  beis  Ihould  not  c:M.,,d  :;.',  ivho  .\.  e  all  to  be 
nob  .■  nv  biitl:  The:-;  w  :e.it;e;v,aidj  1  o  other  num- 
bers aided  t'>  It  bv  luw-  lett.i-  iialeiit. 

Taialvon  i  a  large  .uiciciu  ti  wn  on  the  Rhone,  hav- 
ing a  haiultbme  laldc.  TIk-  inli  ibitants  of  this  place 
have  a  very  p.'  uh.ir  ni  th'  d  of  th.relliii-.g  their  c-rii, 
which,  Willi  I'lii  -  o;Iki  particulirj,  we  lliall  rel.iie  as 
given  by  a  eel  brite.i  wri.er,  in  a  Ltt.r  tn  his  friend. 
••  The  corn  (lay  ■  he)  is  thr.  lived  out  alm-'tl  as  foon  .is 
ui:  ;  and  lor  this  (lurpLile  tluy  make  a  lemporuy 
thielhing-lloor  on  lonie  jiarl  ol  the  li.ld  where  they 
re.ip.  'I'his  tlinilii,,g  lloor  is  p.repared  by  nioiilening 
a  pi  -ee  ol  gioiMi-,!  of  .iboui  10  or  \o  t.et  I'l]  1,1,  -,  and 
a  i.rward  1  i..i.in,',  it  witli  .in  m.lru:iieni  tint  tildes  off 
.11  incqualiti.--,  aiil  makes  it  I  ..  k  a  if  it  had  Ivea 
1  lull  red  wii'i  a  maf.iii's  tto',\el.  T'  e  l';:a  i  -on  h.'.rd- 
1.11.  ihi-  Iji'  1  ;  :'.nd  It  is  ih.n  lhe\e  I  -.-.  uh  leveial  biri- 
dles  of  lorii  .l^  hip,h  as  ih'  k  1  e-  i^l  a  man.  The  man- 
iii  r  of  ihri  lliiii",  ih' in  -Aiien  tic. 
wiiatl  iKver  I.-...  biiore.     .-V  w    li 


.le 

tl 

illS 

11 

vwed. 

is 

,11 

V- 

■r 

i 

■ive  \c 
111 

-11 

'le 

>{l 


fw-" 


fsi        A  XI. \V,  ROVAT..  AKO  AUTHF.NTIC  SYSTEM  ov  UNIVFRSAL  GEOGRAPHY. 


h  M' 


U\o^\^  wi'>nui\  civ.]i!ovcil  tlii  w.iv  tlii'ii  nu'iO  Hands  in  ihi- 
iniilll,  :iiul  lias  arouiul  hirlr.ilt  ail'vcn  or  moiv  liorUs 
Willi  a  hrid'k' or  li.iln.i'  lo  r.ich.  Slicliolil-  all  tla-lo 
liiiiiks  by  tluir  i.Nirciiiiiit.'s  in  mic  ot  her  haiul'J,  aii'l 
whips  llic  hoili.<  with  ihc  oilur ;  lo  tliat  they  ilancc  in 
a  tiri  Ic  arouml,  the  I'liilles  tomiini;  tlic  radii. ot'  wliii  li 
her  h.'.iul  is  the  ivnir.-,  and  traiupU' ilu'  loni'oui  vi  tiio 
car  with  thtir  Ker.  Whether  thi^  iiuihoit  anlvsers  li 
well  as  that  d  ihc  flail  1  ( aiinot  |)releinl  to  il  leriiiin, : 
it  iiia\-  he  inori-  eipoilitiou- ,  inil  icrtaiiily  makes  gre.il 
^\aUe. 

"  'I'luv  lecm  to  nialse  htlle  \\\\-  ot'  the  (haw  or 
reed  but  iii  maniirc,  ami  therefore  i.iki  bin  little  trou- 
lilc  to  l)iiii(lle  it  lip.  In  many  fulJ-.  the  ears  arc  on'v 
plikked  otV,  and  ii  ii  InlVeied'to  lot  in  ih,  '^roiiiid; 
whilll  in  others  it  is  afterwards  mow,  d, 

"  Women  here  are  reapers;  and  it  is  n.it  umom- 
mon  to  i'ec  live  teniales  to  one  man  employed  in  this 
kind  ot  labour.  Scaree  any  ot  rhtni  liav.  llioes  or 
(loekings,  and  few  a  hat,  or  any  other  eovcring  for  the 
head,  to  defend  them  tri>m  the  heat  of  the  liiii.  Per- 
haps to  this  it  may  be  owing  that,  amung  the  lower 
tlals  ol' people,  liandlome  women  are  e\eeeding  rare; 
all  of  tliem  having  coail'e,  orlinarv  I'ua-biirnt  faas. 
H'A.Vir,  t'loLijIi  tl.L  countP  !■-  defh  ient  m  this  re- 
I'peci,  It  lias  a  iiider  elaim  itielf  to  be  (ailed  beautiful 
than  any  other  part  if  Iranec  1  hive  vet  lien.  'I'lu' 
ti-ldshavc  more  the  appear.'iK.' ot  cultivation,  ai-.d 
there  are  fewer  of  t'-.  ill  larr.n  n.iked  r^'cks  to  wimli 
the  counf.v  in  general  .>  l'ub:e:'t.  H-dL'.^s  are  not 
imeommon  ;  a'id  \ou  may  lomeiinies  lee  I'ome  llrag- 
gling  trees  and  eoppi^^--;  but  tluleare  torlorn,  and 
have  r.ot  thole  inhabitant-  that  llv'ulil  enliven  them. 
1  know  not  what  makes  the  little  leathered  lonLillcr^ 
forl'akc  thefr  parf;,  cxeeptini;;  it  i  e  ihat  the\  cannot 
tind  llither  in  a  country  to  naked  ot  woods;  but  1  am 
Tore  you  may  travel  tor  day-  tigether  and.  ivt  be  able 
to  lee  one. 

"  It  is  not  often  tharnxin  areernplo\Ld  in  ])loui;h- 
ing  :  thole  wliieli  I  obler\ed  wcreyoked  by  the  horns, 
as  Ixinv;  the  part  where  it  is  iaia^ined  they  tan  e.\irt 
llie  r,rcatclt  llrength.  in  i',>  n.ial  vu  tee  a  man  work- 
ing with  a  tingle  horl'e  ur  al  ,  witlvnita  boy  or  ;nv 
nther  to  guide  it.  Tir  ii  plo'.v.hs  a'C  li^iaci  than  thwfe 
lommonly  ulld  in  iMiglind.  i  iii  niaily^i  the  I'unc 
conllrucaion,  ar.d  feem  lo  turn  the  turroA>  wi;h  gr^.it 
facilitv  and  expeditiim."  * 

M.irfeillesis  a  ver\  ancient,  l.iri'c,  rlili,  and  populous 
city,  liti.aled  on  the  i  uil  ".'the  Meditvrraiican  lea, 
where  it  has  a  fate  and  '.pa  iou-  hariioiir,  aiiove  7 
le.auuc'.  from  Ai.\  to  t'i.  I".i:'ii,  ar.d  1.)  fioiii  .\i!es  to 
t!;e  ibuth-ealt.  All  the  tiad  ■  v/niLh  i--  e.tri'.d  on  Irom 
the  t'outh  ot  France  in  a  m,'.nn,r  cLiUers  l/.ie.  It  was 
till  the  revolution  the  I'ee  of  a  bilbop.  1  hie  the  gal- 
lies  of  France  are  hid  up.  Here  .illo  is  a  mr.-  aifenal, 
a  ilack  for  buikling  th.-  galhes.an  nilLrvatoi'  ,  an  aca- 
liemy  ol  the  tinc.irt^,  and  Itver.il  tli'.rches.  The  har- 
bour rim-  up  far  into  th.e  i  ity,  and  i-  well  lecured  and 
fortified.  The  ciiv  is  divided  int^)  ih.  Old  and  Nc'.s  ; 
the  lormcr  :  whicli  is  but  m.-aniy  built;  bui  the  L.ttcr 
li  Very  liantllc-  u-,  .md  contain^  a  line  \va  k.  Oppoliti. 
to  ih'j  harbour  .ire  three  'mall  ill.md-.  Grrat  ipiaiuities 
tl  tar  and  pitch  are  made  in  this  iKij,hbi)uiho'id. 

Nkirleillcs,  in  beaui^,  has  \\u\t:  to  ln.'all ;  bm  uukh 
in  reipt-.;:  to  its  fnuation  f  r  comiiKrce,  and  the  aiiii- 
cjuity  01  It-.  t'Mundatioii,  wliicli  is  taid  to  hive  be.  n  laid 
in  the  iiin  •  of  Tarquinins  Frilcus.  As  you  approach 
it,  the  Baihdes,  which  arc  behind,  hue  an  um  oinnion 
appearance,  ind  lo"k  liki^  another  city  buili  o!  lliat;- 
gling  houfes.  Tlute  H.lbiles  are  little  ])kaliiri>box  s, 
which  cover  the  country  lor  lome  miles  tcpi.ue.  I'Atry 
citi/en,  almoll  to  the  fiwell  rank,  ha-  a  b.illide,  where, 
after  the  labours  ot  the  il.n  ,  lu-  retire-  and  l|)endi  ihe 
evening  with  liii  family.  The  Ipa^c  th.it  i.acli  o|  iheie 
little  retirements  takes  up  is  very  coiilined.  A  liitle 
houl'c,  with  a  garden  of  ab(jut  30  yards  Iquare,  filled 
until  tig-trees,  olives  and  wines,  is  theirconiiiiun  ext'  iit. 
Bchi;id  the  walk  ol  one  j^u'den  be^uu  another,  v. Inch 


belongs  toanotlur  ciii/en;  .ind  iseoiuinuedi>n,in  evf^y 
plat  of  the  comp:.fs  lull  nieiilioned;  lo  ih.it  ihe  li.illiiles 
iiiav  be  f.iid  to  be  nis  in  uric,  anil  w!>s  in  riire. 

'I'he  fir. ets  here  are  crowded  with  people  of  d,'- 
ferent  nations,  a  moll  cMtnfive  trade  biiiig  carried 
on  with  the  Levant,  and  with  moll  countries  of  tin; 
vvoild.  Since  the  plai'iie,  whi^h  Iwipt  away  liich  ,i 
multitude  ol  tlie  inhabit. int'  of  this  town,  in  th.-  \\..; 
\~io,  the  Marleillois  are  Very  c.uitious  of  adnni •  •  .• 
any  vellel  from  tin  Levant, without  alliicl  quaraniin^  • 
and  every  letter  is  dipped  in,  or  I'prinkled  with,  vuk- 
g.ir,  betoiv  delivered. 

The  manuf.iciures  of  this  town  arc  various  and 
(knirilhing,  otwhiih  thole  of  loa])  and  wax-caiuikt 
are  the  iliut :  though  the  others,  fiieh  as  of  Ihifl's  ni 
imitation  ot  iIioIl- that  come  from  the  Indies,  uflilk 
d'lckin^s,  piircelain,  taivllry,  hat-,  &< .  are  far  from 
b  ing  incoiitideiabk-  obii.ts  ol  traile.  Tliofeem])lov  ,1 
p:<  digioii-  number  of  workmen:  and  owe  not  a  liitL- 
ot  their  luccefs  to  the  ckarnels  of  the  almolpheie 
around,  which  permits  the  cxpotition  of  fiidi  ihiiiL's  an 
want  diying  and  bkaching.  The  deligns  for  the  ta- 
peilrv,  liiRii,  and  Ind. an  manutaclures,  arc  fiirn  Ihe. I 
by  thearinU  belonjj,ing  to  the  aiademv  nf  paniiin;;  ai 
Nkirieilles,  and  mull  be  conieipiuitb  lupeiior  to  tlioie 
ot  otlii  r  |il.iees,  where  they  come  f'loni  the  iiniulorid 
renins  of  the  workmen  themlelves. 

The  Flotel  de  \'ille  is  a  liandlome  buildiniT,  and 
hi-  feveral  pii'lures  wovtliv  ihc  aticntio:<  of  ,111  ami!. 
.\;'.-.onp,  iheteare  t-vo  painted  by  Serre,  that  lepuient 
the  plague. 

The  cliurji  I't  St.  X'letor  contains  a  great  number 
of  .intiijuitie-.  Anion;.',  its  i  uii"lities  tluv  number  St. 
Andrew's  Crok,  whivh  is  .ilmdl  entire,  and  piel'erved 
with  a  religi'iii>  veiu'nuinn. 

The  Maiieillois  are  very  tiiiid  of  pageantry  and  pro- 
ccflions  of  all  kinds,  and,  belorc  the  revolution,  h.ul 
two  which  were  rem.irk.iblv  curious;  one  was  the  pro- 
cellion  of  an  Ox  at  the  1  etc  de  Dieu,  and  the  other 
thai  ot  the  \  oituriers  and  Coachiikn  to  the  cliurih  iif 
the  fJiand  .'\ugullins  Whether  tlieic  are  llill  cnti- 
lUKil,  we  cann. 't  at  this  p.iio  1  detirmine;  but  Ihall 
quote  the  ilelcnption  thereoi  Irom  the  former  edition 
ot  this  work.  '•  The  ceremony  of  the  o\  is  iierforined 
1:1  this  manner.  During  tiie  three  days  precetlimr 
the  fead,  the  c-in[>any  of  buuhers  are  employid 
in  driving  an  ox  through  all  the  llreels  of  the  tnwii, 
toll  Aved  by  a  great  c  mcoiirfc  of  people.  On  the  b.ick 
"t  this  beall  tli.v  pl.uc  .1  htik-  boy  dreired  in  a  rtieeii's 
tkin,  wli  )  holds  a  llreamci  in  his  kit  hand,  a:id  kei  pi 
the  tore-linger  of  his  nglit  h.oid  pointed  to  the  Iky. 
On  till,  eve  of  the  teaii  the  ox  i-  guided  to  the  pKuc 
where  the  temple  dedicai'.d  to  Diana  "ncc  Hood.  Then: 
the  b.'y  is  taken  oik,  and  the  Iniichets,  alter  they  havo 
thipped  themlelvi.--  ot  their  lantall  ic  g.irments,  pro- 
voke and  drive  the  beall  with  llicks  out  of  thciity, 
amiilll  the  cms  and  Ihoutsof  the  populaee,  wlmie 
minds  have  interwoven  thi^.  ciiace  with  the  duties  of 
religion.  On  the  next,  which  is  the  grand  day,  he 
is  led  baik,  ornamented,  alter  the  ancient  manner  of 
adoriung  victinv,  with  riblions  and  llowei',  aciompi- 
nied  by  the  Initeliers  ilrelfed  in  puiitiHcal  robes,  wiih 
drum-  .ind /hit  s  playing  In  lore  them.  Then  t'olln-.v 
liie  prielU,  fii.ir-,  anil  the  r^'.V^'/w.v  nf  all  the  orders. 
They  drive  the  animal  out  of  the  gates  of  the  i  itv  to 
ihow  that  they  joyfully  content  to  banilh  I'.iguiiliii 
ti'im  among  them.  The  ox  is  altervvards  killed  and 
given  to  the  pocjr. 

"On  the  feall  of  .St.FJoi  all  the  voituricrs, coachmen, 
|)ollilions,  Ki.  all'emblc  bifbre  the  chinch  of  the 
Cii. 111(1  All;' oil  ins,  mounted  on  their  hortes,  mule-, 
and  all'es,  biariivj,  the  fl.igs  and  colours  of  then  com- 
pany. As  they  make  their  proccfTion  before  the  grand 
enir.ime,  a  piied  Ijainkles  every  one  nl  the  lidci-ar.d 
ilie  beads  Willi  Iviiy  water,  At'ier  liiviiiji,  received 
till-,  they  proceed  in  files,  and  march  to  the  lound  of 
drum-,  and  tit'c.  throii^^h  moll  of  ihe  gieat  lliecis  ol  iho 
town,  thcpiiz/.i  lo  l.'c  ri'ii  for  bv  the  i!i!;eicnt  animals 


f  ' 

(  /- 


.// 


riEOCIRArilY. 

(1  i-itoiuinii'-iliin,!!!  ever 
iincci;  Id  lli.it  llii.  lUliidts 
anil  iir'is  in  rme. 

■  ilc'd  with  pi.i>pli;  of  (!.•'- 
Uivc  truilc  hiiiig  lariinl 
;li  moll  ciiiintiii.s  nf  ih,; 
\w\\  I'wipt  away  liicli  i 
't  tills  town,  ill  til  •  v\  ,;■ 
ry  c.iiitious  of  adii'.ii  •  • 
iihoiit  a  ihirt  ijiiaiaii:i:u  ; 

or  ljirmls.lti.1  v.itli,  vuk- 

s  t(wn  arc  various  and 
ol  liKip  anil  uax-iaiuilit 
Iters,  likii  as  ol  IhiU's  iti 
from  llic    Imlics,  of  lilk 

,  lial-,  &. .  arc  far  from 
il  tra«.li-.  Tliolcctiiplo\  ,i 
icn:  and  owi-  not  a  liitk- 
rncl's  of  the  almolp!iL:c 
polition  of  fill  11  thiiiL's  .\\ 

Tlic  ikfii;ns  for  tin  ta- 
nuladurcs,  arc  furn  Ihc.l 
;  aiadeiny  nf  paint  in;;  at 
t.i|iuiitl\  lujviior  to  tlioiL- 
oiiii'  fiom  the  inuuiorid 
ilvc^. 

haiulli^mc  lnii!dinr;,  and 
iic  atttntio:<  of  an  ami!. 
1  liy  Scrrc,  that  rcpuil'iit 

:omains  a  prcat  nunibcr 
iiiDlitius  tlu'\  nunibcr  St. 
i^ll  entire,    and  picfciiid 

nd  of  pageantry  and  ]-ii  o- 
■lore  the  revolution,  liad 
urious;  one  wa>  the  pro- 

de  Dicu,  and  the  otlier 
jaehnuii  to  the  chuiih  iif 
tiitr  theic  are  llill  CMiti- 
ioi  detirniinc;  but  lliail 
I  Ironi  the  tormer  edition 
tiy  of  tile  ox  is  jicrlorineil 
c   three  days    preeedinjr 

Iniiciicrs  arc  cmpjoyul 
the  itreels  of  the  tmMi, 
of  people.     On  the  back. 

■  boy  dri.llcd  in  a  flicep's 
his  Lit  hami,  and  kci  p^ 
:uul  pointed  to  the  fky. 
DX  is  guided  to  tiie  pliic 
Diana  "ncc  flood.  'I'lnri; 
niichef-,  attcr  tiicy  have 

lantall  ic  };arnicnt'<,  pro- 
h  llick'.  out  ol  tlic  I  ity, 
ol  the  populace,  whole 
diace  with  the  duties  of 
cli  i>  the  grand  day,  he 
.r  the  ancient  manner  of 
lis  and  llowci',  acioniiii- 
n  pniititical  robes,  with 
jre  them.  Then  folln-.v 
digieux  (if  all  the  ordei-. 
1  tlie  y,atqs  of  the  i  itv  t'> 
lent  to  banilli  I'aguiilin 
is   altcrwards  killed  and 

the  voituiicis, coachmen, 
fore   tlu-    chill cli   ot   the 
on   their  liorles,  mule, 
nd  colour''  of  tliea  com- 
ix cffion  before  the  grand 
eiy  one  ol  the  lidji-  and 
After  li.ivin,!,    remv^d 
id  march  to  the  hiuiid  of 
of  the  |:,icat  itictis  of  the 
r  bv  the  i!i!;ciciu  animals 
l..n- 


rOA/„//y,-;7  HANKKSn,    \,u'.  ^//.>f,  /Il  ,^  (\VXW,\\\V\\\^^/t//t.>/',  ///////////  //i//i,r/ii/. 


//<■     ^,//i/-    //ii/.ti if/t.i,  f/f  ///t     ^/'i  rufc'C/   r>/f//i/ffi/,/// //ii    ^1 ///,/</,  //I  ,/  ■  ^'/•/f/iiu    . 


Vi<    ^cr/ !■/•     h/ ///:.///  //ii     '/I  rnii'i   r/-  ^h7//>f//i/,/ii//ii     ')o///(/,  /// ,  i  ■  ^'< 


///<  V 


r.'.:<A.,', ..:'/'.    I.  r/ii../,  /. 


X  ,,  /.'./.,,■.  ,1.1  h'.i, 


ill 


T:,cl.- 
iMii.iir.i 

|Mru!( 

api'iiiii 
ri\;  III 
..1  M.i:- 
in  It 
1.,  ,1, 
Ri. 

Wli  I.  (I 

T.,, 
uiih  .1  ' 
alioiii 
nil-  111" 
h.i;:,  1  , 
Amih', 

Clili.llli 

n..|  ^;o 

<    •UII'', 
li-li  I !    : 

i^   till-   < 

In  t; 

;iiul  live 
thr  lui' 
('  ;nK'  1,  i 

Dr; 

of  iir  , 

l-;ri 
li:ilt  ;l 
am  ii;\i!i 

110.     'l 

1  iln  ,  .1 
I'l.,  •.> 

( 11  til 
rlii-.i   h. 

A     \ 

CUK-ll  l'( 

tl-.i-  V.ir, 

nl   ll:;U  t 

lll<|l      Ml 


rrRopF.i 


FRANC     I, 


851 


1  iiir>,  l«)in  •  Ictoro  ilicin.iir^Hl  totlipfml  <ii  a  loii^  p^li-. 
'I'.tU'  pii/.  s.iic  piui.illv  inmpliai  liis  ut'  liaiiuU'c  , 
oin.iir.C!!  1!  n  .1 1  clti'i-  imniur  tliiiiitlii)!,.  ih.it  nice  ■ni- 
iivnlv  pi'i  liil'.J.  Ill  ih>'  cvciiint;  ll.iy  lu.il.  lli  iv 
I  '.  kIc-  iii\  ilic  I'rrtm'n;u!c  dc  Coiiis;  .11  1  I'uri  pn  - 
I  ■,  I  I  >tli'  pi  11:1  ot  S:.  Mii  Irii'l,  will  h  i  i'.'  pi  lie 
apr  111)1. il  orilii.-  i:i;i-.  'llic  hoiks  tiller  ila- iilU  lirll, 
vi\:  m  iviiU",  :'.tul  til  -n  t'/j  iili'f.  Siiili  uv  liiu  r.u  e 
t'lMar  eillc  ,  uliicliiri'  lit'i;ui  ntcd  :is  hukIi  .is  nn\ 
in  Kii-.l.in<l  1'^  1  o'pltul  ill.  liij'Jiill  r.uik  iiiihc  iitis^li- 
l.L.iih  >«ul." 

Biriol  ,  (11  Vivn:  \,  \^  aiianJfoMic  town  in  iIk'  laili- 
\vu  k  ul  Biii"ioli>. 

Tmil  11  I  a  lui'^c  ctv,  lini:U(l  on  iIk  Mi  li:  rr;\n(Mn, 
Willi  u  lint  pi  iit,  I  T  I  ag 'f.  call  li'iu  M  rule-,  and 
.il'oui  IZ;  (rum  l',iti>,  13  til  tlu'  fovnanilli  tliou:- 
au  lliiiii^i'  I  ir  i(i(.'l.  On  iw)  fuli-s  o  tli-  lor -.i  1  ar. 
liii;ii  I  lU-.i;  a  wrv  Im  .11  diilai  ii-,  (>l  w'litli  that  o'  Si. 
A.  Ill-,  1  11  'III-  noiili  call,  pcitccUy  coinmands  11.  T!i 
iM.iiu  f  rt  tlv,- port  is  K)  mr'ow  tliai  iw  >  lliips  laii- 
n  t  ^-o  into  It  a-biia(l.  I'l'.ii  pluv  cmiain';  Icvtial 
(  lilt-.,  paitiiula  Iv  an.ulinira't\  tlii(--,  an  avi' n.d  uill 
l.iMiiili  d,a  loimdti\ ,  livii;.i/in(.-,  maim  acV iiy  >>(  wo  ij- 
iiii  il  'ih,  fee.  Ill  tlfn>.w  ilivili  Mi'i!  l':in  f,  Toulon 
1.  til.' ( hill  town  ill  il  c  di'i  arinKni  ol  Vai. 

In  tlicd  IliiCt  ot  T'  iilo:i  r  ()!!ioii!f',  a  Iniall  town; 
ami  live  k-.;f;iit-  c.ll  •  1  'I'o'l  n  1-  I  ii  i\-s,  laiivais  for 
the  licll  r..lt  and  tlit'  lin  11  truii  in  !■]  nii  :  11  loivain^ 
(  aiK'  iluiiil'.c-,  and  £i\Lb  naau  to  diriv  iland.  in  ili.' 
nJ^zlilioiitiivj,  fc. 

I)r.i..iiu^iiaii,  1 .:  Ifa^iR'.  n-irth-iall  ot  I  licvi",  i^  one 
of  1'  I'  lai'^cll  towns  in  the  pi'i.mti'. 

rtcHis,  on  the  Arociil,  ac  Icij^ii  s  i.Jl  ot  Aix,  and 
halt  a  ha;.;u.  Iioni  die  lea,  loniaiii.  nni.y  icmaiiis  <il 
aniHjiniv,  paitiuihtly  an  ai]iifdik~i  and  an  aniphiihea- 
lie.  'I  li  lown  IS  well  ti  iiili  il,  lii-  a  court  of  admi- 
i.ilu,  audi  a  liilliop's  ;ee.  In  die  new  divili 'U  ol 
I'L.'M-,  I'l'ii^  1^  111  die  dtpartinenl  ol  \'ar. 

(11  111,-  li.iiuls  111  .1  liiiicul  lull,  and  eoiii.nns  levi-ral 
rhur  li.s;   11  ua^  ili    !.,■  ol  .1  hilhop  1  II  lli  •  lev  ilution. 

A'  An  ill  >■  .lie  .1  •;•  od  ha'lioiir.i.d  1  alll. ,  «ifli  lome 
Roman  aatU|UU:e^.  Tiie  lilli,  caliid  li.niine  ,  ar^'  wtil 
tilled  I'tre. 

Wiue,  anancimt  tin,  (iuiated  iwiLauiK-s  tVoin 
t!;e  V.ir,  was  i!ie  le  ■  of  a  liillio])  iili  ilu-  levoUiii  m,  and 
ai  that  time  tli<'  iivd  'j;ovtinilient  ol  the  i  i!v,  a:id  l.iid- 
lli-p  ut  the  iiMivn.  uere  ili.ided  l),lr.t\n  ih  li'.ili'p 
and  tl'f  li  lu.ii  ol  \'eiice,  oi  the  ln-uli-o'  Vi.l.  naive. 
'I  lie  ahove  |)latv-  lie  ail  111  L.o\vi.r  i'loviiue. 

Uii  n  ,  I'll  ;lu-  Bleon;',  is  eeleliiaied  tor  if  li.l  well-, 


i5  ll  c  lee  ot   a 


iliv 


n  the   new  iln  iin  n  o! 


1 


nie,  l)i;.ii;e  is  the  that  town  in  tlu-  dipaitinent  c  t 


1  .ouer  /vii;5. 


:er  m,  on  tin.   I  nii.iiue 


]\ 


h 


a  "ooil  ir.ulc,  ami  is 


!eli  nJid  h\  at.>rtieS.    C'..lKll.in,ou  theVerdin,  give-- 


lurre  to  a  bailiwu  k, 


:\  (  /,  nine  lea'.'U.  s  aoilli  w 


■ll 


hillv 


.M.i 


alll^ 


ip     lee  t.il  ll 


f  r,  vo.ution. 


I,  e.ne  o;  ll'.e  m 'll  po|  iiams  ums  in   the 


V' 


II. 


ic   1^  a  ealll 


and  111  t'.K-  n  iiihlii  iii 


iliood 


ilh  teveial  loiin- 
a   miiKial   Ipnna 


t>  ot  Maka  were  propiietors  i,t  it   in. til  the 


levoliitit  n. 


I 


iMiir.  is  a  Inia'l  pliLt  in  the  dilhi.t  ol  l-i)rral;iiier 


\M 


L-ie  ti'llie  1 IV  1! 


i  e  ehiaiii 


I'et 


loiin: 


u  as  1 


01  n ;  .iiul 


11  at    It  u.:s  aniiti.th',  1  n  ili,.i   aumnit,   e. 


1 


tl: 


',1; 


Api  is  a  liiiall  I'ly,  at  tlie  c.'ntlux  ol   the  Durance 
ll    Calavon,  ei^ia    leariies   tioin  Aix   to  tin  iiinili, 


and  made  it  a  colony 


ihiohl 


ami, 
e  remains  ot  antuiiiitx 


Julius  Calar  tnl.iiy.ed 
to  this  day,  ilicie  aie  llvei 

al'ont  It,     It  w.;s  the  li'L'  et  a  |.;llio|i  nil  ilu  r. voiuiion. 

I,  and   t!  e  count \ 


Tl 


le  I  Ity  aii;.l  dillriol  ot'   Avi 


n:i;llin, 


'llsUil 


tnlf 


n  vi.liition 


hut  h 


e  pope  at  tlu-  time  < 


)l   tl 


r.ie  1  I  t|.e  le.uhn^  characleis  in  ilioli 


tlilbii'ts  ivluleil  liilimiHi.into  lih  hohmb,  and  loliut. 
a  jiincti.-n  with  the  I'lemli  nation.  H\  a  vi  te  ot  li  e 
alUn  hlv  they  v\eie  iiuorpora.eil  uith  I'lanwe,  and  nu.. 
toim  tin-  il(  p:irliiKnt  01  Vauclule, 


Avignon,  with  its  diflrift,  anri,  ntly  hcloiv^ed  to  the 
coimi^  oi  riioulotife  and  Provin.i.  At'tcrwards  th,') 
till  to  the  (Ink  s  ol  Biir?,nndv.  'I'lien  iluy  were  pol- 
ell'il  l>y  the  lin^v  ol  .S  eily,  who  were  a'l  1  counts  ol 
I'lovinie,  iiiiiil  till'  \iar  1  ;4!),  that  Jihmna,  i|Ufen 
of.Siiilv,  aulioii:T',s  (.f  I'r  >vi-nte,  di'|ii!'ed  of  the 
town,  and  its  ililli:.',  10  ]>  .p^  C'eiii  nt  Vl.  I  t  Ko.ojo 
lloiin'.  The  d  lb '-t  is  V  rv  tr'ii.t'iil,  and  ab. iiinds  in 
eorn,  wine,  and  lallVon,  At  rti.ecminty  ol  Vcnaiiriii, 
It  «:is  h  Id  either  i  y  ilic  t.iunis  o,  TJi  jiiKaili"  its  own 
C'linis  or  ''.s  eniper.  IS  until  il:e  year  ii-\;  fincc 
whiili  it  liaili  b.cn  pollclleil  by  the  popci,  and  g,overn- 
(il,  under  til. Ill,  ly  olilceis  t.il'ed  '.c'.ires  tillS.p- 
iciv.ber,  lyt)!,  when  it  wasaiinscd  t  I'tan  e  a^  be- 
tore  mention- tl.  It  is  ver\-  truiiful.  Tli.  onK  place 
worth  111  nii  iiiino:  in  the  dilbiM  ol  Avignon  is  that 
which  [;ive.  name  to  it,  vi/.. 

Avij;non,  a  lar'^e  and  b  aiitil'ul  city,  lituil.-il  at  the 
onllux  ol  the  Rh-)neand  S  irguc,  7  miles  from  Ariel 
)  t'le  noitli,  and  15110111  Aix  to  the  n./rih-w  ll. 
I  lere  is  a  ll  me  bridg-  ovi  r  the  Rhone;  a  very  liand- 
I  aiie  college;  and  an  uiiiveiliiv,  iouiKk'd  in  the  \L-ar 
1  5OJ.  No  Its  than  leviii  pop.s  lelid.d  li-.-rc  rnciel'- 
t'lvci'  ,  Ironi  the  y  ar  1  ;o  7  to  1  ;/;.  In  the  iluncli  of 
t!'e  rVanciIcans  is  the  l-  iiibof  the  bcuit  Jul  ini.l  le.irn  li 
Laii.a,  lo  mu  li  admired  and  celebrated  bv  the  im- 
mor.al  I'eii  iflIi.  IIk- grave  havinir  bejn  opened  la 
tiie  lime  '  I  1-ianu-.  I.  a  leaden  box  was  louml  in  it, 
.  o;it  nin^  a  m-.dal,  witli  a  c.ipv  of  verlts  written  uii 
parclim.'iit  by  Hetrar  h,  in  praile  of  his  milliefs. 

In  the  c  .iintv  of  V'enaiirin  the  prineijial  places  are 
L  ll  -,  on  .III  iti.iail  111  the  Sorgiu,  thelinell  town  in  tlii: 
coiint\.  C.irpentras,  on  the  Routle,  lour  milc^  north- 
eall  from  Avi:;!ion.  Vailion,  on  tin-  Oiwelle,  ei;.'lil: 
La",ues  from  A\  iji,non,  i-.  a  tiviall  town,  with  a  callle; 
a',  I  Cav.ullon  is  a  mean  place,  on  an  ill.iiid  in  the  rivec 
Da.ance. 

The  (i  ivcrnment  of  LAvctrf  doc  is  bounded  to  the 
I'lutli  by  the  .\I  ihterrane.in  and  R.  ollillon  ;  to  the 
north  by  Aoverj^ne,  Lvonnoi-,  and  (iuienne;  to  thi; 
e.ill  by  til.-  Rhone;  and  lo  the  well  bv  Galeony.  Ic 
i->  70  Kagues  in  Iviigth,  and,  where  wid.ll,  j.:  in 
i  bre.ulih. 

The  primipal  rivers  arc  the  Rhine,  -jaronne,  Aude, 
Tarne,  Allien,  and  Loire.  The  royal  canal  of  L  i- 
giiedoc  is  upwards  of  100  miles  in  length,  lix  feet  u^ep 
everywhere,  and  the  breadth  abiiit  ao  tathoms.  In 
foiiie  pi  ices  it  is  tarii.d  under  nioiintain<,ani,l  in  others 
over  v.illii--,  having  .dl  alon;!,  ilmces,  clam',  relerv.'irs. 


w-:iter-ciairh  ■■,  and  diaw- 


Se\eral  remarkable 


!  wiiiib  are  ol'lerv-il  in  this  pr.ivince.  That  lall.il  the 
lers  blo.^^  generaily  tioni  ilic  well  along  the  too  h.rri 
coalU  anil  is  v.iy  leirelliinj';  in  lummer.  another, 
called  ,'.utan,  blows  oencndlv  from  ih.  opiioiite  ipiar- 
ter,  and  is  I  ot  and  iinwln  Itruii. :  and  a  third,  lallcd 
lows   tiev^ueiitly    in    tlie  valley 


lie,  or  tlie 


llirouoli  w.iieh 


th  -  1- 


i\.li  ine  rum,  very 


llr 


d  cold. 


W 


len  the   wind  in  this  v.illev  bl  iw>  irom   the  le 


nil  litem 


led 


with  run,  It  1-.   no 


u'lwholeloiiie  than 


loiie, 


die  auian.  l-'roin  the  i;  alls  ol  Leucate  t.>  the  Rl 
in  the  heat  ol  tiimiiier,  a  le.i  bre./e  lets  in,  troiii  un  in 
the  t'oreiioon  to  live  in  the  a'teinoon,  which  co  1>  tl:e 
air,  that  would  be  otii  rw  le  .'.Im  tl  inrup-  1:1 1  le.     In 


ey,  at  the  lo.-t  o;   1! 


')' 


.c   is  a  lliiri) 


(ll 


Will    or    north-avll  wind,  lal.ed  th-   le  \ent   depis. 


w  nil  11  mows  niiiv  in 


the  111  lit,  and  lu-ncral 


III  the 


luniiuer 


ll 


,  t  lit 


oiiiiii  the 


ili.-  v.-.he)   are 


-ft  he 
iliived   to 


mount ains;  lienco 


winnow 


lieir 


lorn  111  the  niiilit 


;\  vei\  raiiaik 


.iiKalil 


i  Ui 


lloni 


prevails  iii  t.i^  p'-o\iiv.c. 


wliiili   1^  that  ol  triadini'  i.-.it  thea- c  in    li\    ho 


mill 
allm 


acioiilinL',  to   t!! 
to  ill  ih    leiiptur 


Kill 


em    tullom,  ileeu.  lit 


ly 


iiKl  liarhoiir--. 


'l  ll    exp.irts 


The  co.'.lls  ot  l.an;j,ueiloc  are   lot    only  .1  .-lacr.'us, 
but  deiiitiite  of  l.ile  and  g- 
conlill   chielly    of  wine,   t 
woolitn  cl.^li,    llull':,    fill. 


iclnui-^ 


l.^h, 


Tl 


le  comii'.on 
(jivilion 


I'm, 


iMii' 


■i-y 


A  NIAV,  :<.(n'\L  ANn 


AlTlir.NTlC  SYSTF.M  or  rs'IVHRSAL  r-.F.OGR  API  lY. 


»llviri,in  o\  ill    noMiK-c  i>  int 


Upper  and  l."wci-.    li 


tlic  r 


ppit  the  p 


wow  lie  tin-  tiiliowinii! 


Tl.iniKniU', 


■1  il  cit  the  wliolc  1 


'A.vinti.',  (nil- 


at.il  '111 


tlv.-(i.\r(.nnf,  ovt 


rnluvl.  it  li.is;\Uucl\  lui>i'^c, 


t  ;lu 


'I  .-.tui  iiii'll  .iiuitiu  ciiiis  m 


Fran 


\i.'l,  ll.lVI.I. 


liiilc  tr.-.ilc.  It   s  in.;llici-  p  'pii 


1,  ii",  or  ik!i. 


vtrhtv.  .\n  ;-.i  a/tiT, 


It  is  iIk-  Wv  v(  .'.»  .lu-h'-illi^p.     1 1>  ic  all>'  aic  an  uiii- 

>t'l  icn.fs  awl  lii)cr..l  :-.ns,  ii'vcral 

tv,  :i;h1  lu-.nv  ilturclu-,  I'flulcs 

th-  _I.u.>l'ln!!  is  t!u'  flume  of 

r.uuil.wtiTo  arc  Tlks  tluli!. 


iuon'.i:m:r.'^  u, 


tl.i-  i;itiit 


.llHlilil 


h.il.     I:»  I'l'  (1 


A..Min.' 


■n. 


! 


irpits. 


1 


I   I     I' I    V   ''.U' 


in.iu'  li>  aililln  I  '  all.il 


'ri'.oul'iil.in.  'A 


!;„! 


1  ;(i:i!:v;i-.  a  tillll 


ronnf,  c.^ 


Hal  CaiU.-S.i.i/'in. 


iwn  I'n  tie  <  ia- 
li 


I' 


lanci- 


Tl; 


III  tlu-  rxw  ilniii'ii  lit 
ilviriM,t.nt 


tcu-  tliul  tovvii  i:i  llii-  ili-l' 


mo 

inilc 


.\  .)tltcr-.   Tl:c  w  ltd  i'  l)roii;;ht  tVdin  ,1  nvnintiii'  five 


Ic   (litl  :iu.     T 


K' iiuirons  111    ir.is  niy  arc  pi.  ntc 


with  vin(  ■,  iillvc,  tni,  an.l  iiiiilb  rrv-iriY  ;  iln'  'i  itr 
to  no'  vilh  till'  liik-woriii-,  wlmli  tiirn\  il'C  null  loi- 
till  Tal"!.-  .iliiK'l  ol  tradi.  AmitliiT  liunR  iii'tlrin;« 
in  a  i-inliil^iai'lc  icvcniK'  tii  iIik  i  iv  is  tli>-  linl  lliti    i 


ot  wawr-  oi  .11 


.mvnis 


1.11  - 


I 


nd  l\ 


nips,  I'.iat  aie 


iVlT  JmII'  pc 


'l'lii»  pl.Kc  i<  imi,  li  I'  I  I'cd  to  In-  tiioK-  (ii  t 


i: 


jidi  wlio  labour  niuler  dilDrdtr'- ot  i!k-  lunj;  ;  \Uiuni 


till.'  riputc. 


aiicl' 


II    lis  ninv'lpliiu' 


am:  t.iin..-  'ii 


3t  r 


iptr  « i.iionii 


.\1  ■  ,  n.  ir  ilv  T.irn-.  lo  loa-.m  s  n  mh-iail  of 
T-ionS  ui; ,  i  iIk-  :<  c  ot  .'.  liilliop,  I  uuain-  k".  i  ral  courts, 
a  ni.i!',nilu-.nt  i.it:i.dr.il,  a  l-c'viifal  p.vl..cc,  an  an 
ai'ifc -.ilk- \v,iik,  di-n.i:;':n;u  i!  l-al.''C. 
'  G:iillu-,-n  t'lf 'r.irnc.  M,ir  U'.'.,- n.-  iroin  Al'^v,  lia', 
a  "ooi!  tr.uk'  in  vMnc.  v.lii.  h  i-  km  il  «  n  tlu  Tainc  to 
Bourdi-.ox;  :.nd  Rab.ilUi:i  maintain- a  fiinilir  (.oni- 
nur  .•    '  mc.m  o'  ili.  laivi.-  \i\l'\ 

C'.r''i.s  \sas  a  1  Ihop's  iii'  bfoic  tlu-  rfvo!u;ion. 
Tu:  i'..-'i;i.-.  arc  fjuiul  ii\  tlic  iiCr.:,iii  oiiriio  d  ot  tln^ 
tl  \v  i|. 

Miici  iix,.'.  tiV  n  'H  tlic  l.,/,\\.is  tl.c  I'c  of .ibilliop 

LcIvTi.'  the  1.-  vc  u'  ii:'. 

Carl.u  dc  R"-.vi  'ou  iS  P.  I'niall  vi'h:-.  vli.iv  the  ti- 
r.ioii-  Ml.'.!".  H  •  k-  \v,;s  horn  :  .lad  15  lk:l  .t  i-  l.uiio'.i;, 
-.nv  \  mincr.il  fpriiig. 

In  ihc  L'.-.vtr  Laivj;iiei.l«.)C  ilic  ihu  I  plucs  are  tlic 
foil'  >u in; : 

Aki,  on  til-  Awlf.  ..t  r.ic  loot  (.f  il  J  ryunian 
mminiains  U  tamni-  t  ,■  .\]iM  Iprin;;. 

Liiiio  X,  ontlie.Aii.il,  out  K.i.'.uc  !i  'm  Wn,  h.i 
foniv'  n-.  n  work-,  and  a  il  >  k  manul.ictory. 

CariilTi  'I  -  ,  on  ll-c  ,\.k1-.  U  vui  miles  c.ill  ulTlou- 
I'Hik-.  !s  th.  i(v  ofa  I'llli  p.  Il  1  th.-moil  ri.f,ulir 
hiiiU  I  wnui  1  a;ii.nKdo  ,  vei\  ;  pir  n-,  l.as.i;jo.>d 
ir.i  '.,  ih  •■e  biing'a  maiuila.i'ii  v  ..;  line  il  ^i  tarricil 
on  i!i  !hc  to.\:i,  andatpiai!)  ot  w  .ite  and  llelhi.i- 
|.  '..:.:.  :r.  Ill  I'.-  in  i  .•  niikllii' '■.:^. "''-1.  'nd  ''•  d-'k  ndcd 
l,v  ai  it':-.  In  ilie  n' .wiivii'on  or  Ivan-'.  Ca.\a;'- 
fioniie  :    tli-.-i.hlei  to-.vn  In  t'.e  iiepa:tm.  lit  ot  .-V-.ide. 

Nar  vinii!.  l'.  .1  uv'.l  f 'iti:;'  1  c.f,  litua:  d  ;,  k.,L;ii.- 
from  Till -id- r.l'e  to  the  lali,  o'l  a  ea;ia!.  whii  h,  h\ 
mi  an-  i  1  ti.e  ii-.">i  Au  .>,  .'lul  1  ke  Ro  ine.  ii  id  a  com- 
n-.i;-i.i  ."it;  n  v.nh  ili-.-  ..a;  '  i:t  mli  is  tlu  iIkiIIo.-.  n  i- 
I't  the  V.'. ■■'.;•  I  p  T.  I  .-  i'...l",  tl  ,'.t  iliips  .  .ini'ot  ^it  niai 
ir.  It  V..1  tin.-:.,  o:  an  ar^  '.ilk  'P  I'  '^n  'h.  ri-v-i'ii- 
ti.-n,  in  .\1.  1  '.  .ir.l-M  i  a  1  .'.  :;i.u:  R -min  11  ;.u.Jii.- 
ot  vdi'tc  m.iil.k-.  'Il  ■!'.-  toriv.o  ;-.n  alt.ii'.  'I'li.  uiy  l:as 
fev.ral  elnirelits  In.  i-lts  tii.-  ..  ti-.edril.  '  ii\at  ipianti- 
tie.i  ol  '."alt  are  madi  in  tiic  i.en.'Jilioinho  •!,  w;.i  h  i 
truiik.l  in  c.irn  and  oil.liut  )i.  k!-  Iitiie  wine. 

S;.  Ton-  de   Tomicie^   is  a  fmall  i  ity  on  i!i  •  river    j  loi. -iii  ;o  tlu- jiiiiu  e  oi  Com  i,  h.;^  a  i  allk-,  and  i    nutnl 
Jaur.     In  tlie  n^:p,h'.50bri;',.;  m'v.iniain   aie  v_i,  ■..,  i«.-.  ol    '  for  ti.eoiliiirc  oi  iilk. 
"bc..iit'-ul  m  uiiie.  '^  '  '       Ma.  vi  id  h.i-  :'.x  \e.arly  f.iirs,  and  drives  asjoodtra'ltr. 

Be/.ier- ij  an  ancient  I  itr,  litiiat.d  t.):ir  kai'jies  liom  '  I'lii,  tin- tapii  d  ol  tlu-  couiitv  nt  \'ilav,  n.-ar  the 
Naibonne.  It  » ■  .vc-rs  aH  tli-.;  iidc-<  ot  a  v  iv  liecp  anu  .|  I.on.',  is  a  |ii-.itv  l.ir^t-  my,  and  wa.  the  t,e  ot  a 
luh'  h.ill,  on  Ihi-  lirjhdt  point  ot  wh.cli  i-  liiiit  tlu-  il-.l'-op  htlurc  ihe  revolution.  H'-ii.-  arc  locr.il 
tat' t-d'--.!.  ^  ,      .         I  ^'•■"'-■>-^- 

M<i  ■;'.;hcr,  l-tint'.--l  on  an  emin.nce,  n  ..r:i'-iiv.r 
I.L/,  '.b  i' -c  l..iii.;i.  .  ir.  1 1  ill.  ]  i-o.,nie  next  I  • 'I'li-ui-    }       'H.  govcrnnunt  "l"  F-'oi\    is  boiinde.l   mi   die  will 
loule,  a-..l  i'-.-  k-i    ot  a  iLlhc.]-.      It    oai.iii-  .i  .  i  i-k  1,    i  ',  '  ( i.ir- oij^iie,  i  a    the  lall  and  noith  hy   i  .aiii'iudoc, 
univL-iif  .  ;.;.vii.  ■' .r  k-n,  and  ..-i  .^  adiniv  i  t  '.s'.e  c  s :      :  nd  v<    tlic   loiitli   ky    Ronilillon  and   the   ryriiiean 
of  ih'    13  ontiii.uv  ic'lo-..     of  tielaf   r,  tn.. -.-  ai.pdy       M  mimnn^.     It    i>   divided    iiit'i  I'jiper  and  f,..wer. 


it    plulicaiib,  have  haul  in  liojivs  of  amre. 

S!..:.;;\:i.r,  lielidi  s  it',  iiniviiliiy,  aiul  lihools  of 
medKiiu,  ko.ilK  an  at.ulemy  of  icicnies,  \drc!i  1. 
(oniivkd  of  li\  lionoi  iry  mtml)er«,  thr.c  pli\iu,.ins, 
tliiee  ..iiionom.i  ,  time  iiiatluni  iiii  lans  three  die- 
mili-.  and  three  kot.inilb.  Rih.  lai.  is  laid  to  liiv-- 
1\, ;  01  this  iimverl  f,  ;  and  liis  ^o.vn  and  tap  are  llill 
;  k:"i-,  d.uith  akiidol  rchjiii.'ii  veneration,  atiil  iiir  I 
in  the  tLf^monv  of  (onti-rrng  ihc  depiec  o|  i|i..-i..i-. 
In  the  lieu  diMlion  o.  1  laii'  '■,  Nkmtpeliir  1-  the  ikkl 
lo.vn  in  tlu  depart m.  nt  lit  I  Itr  nilt. 

H.i'.iii.i,  o;\  iIk-  'I'liaii,  not  i.ir  from  M'nlp.li-, 
li:ib  tome  uaim  k.ih',  tlu- wati; -•  I't  w  ,  u  h  wiiluiai;! 
r  ',n  heat  at  l-cr.ll  I'ld;!  hoiir. 

Xilino  contaii.s  man  nionnmrnt  nt  antiipiiiv,  <,( 
\\\mk\\  tin-  jirini  ipil  ..rt- the  amphiiluaiii',  t.il'  ill -i-s 
.-Vruus;  the  timp.l  ofDiani;  tlu- ipi.idranyular  In  i^e 
Uipp  I'ed  to  have  1  r.  11  tri-'t.d  l-y  .-Xdrcin,  nn.l  irid 
1  ;miily  a^  a  iiinp!--;  and  the  o.iangular  t"\ver. 
Nuirn  '  IS  a  killiopk  Itc.  The  dii:;.',littiil  walk,  i  -IKd 
'!  1  l.rplinadc,  i>  wiihoiit  iheuiv.  fkre.uc  kv.r.il 
miautaaories,  a  t.niidirili'.e  tr.'.de  in  chith  and  Iilk, 
an.'.tademy  ol  IMk  .  1  .tttre-,  and  autadik  I  t.iirlnt- 
ini^.  A  great  jiart  ot  the  mhaoit.ints  are  I'roieilint  , 
lie  h:lU  in  the  reiiihlHuidiood  ariiovcred  xviih  m;us. 
1  1  till  11. u  diviiion  lit  l-'i.iiue,  Nilniis  iv  the  iliitt  town 
I'l  the  department  ot  ( i  ir. 

15c.uu.iire,  at"wn  iituaicil  on  th-  Rlicie,  iv  noted 
It  Its  t.iir,  in  which  r.i'.i-lilk,  and  itlur  ao  id  ,  au- 
tioiii!,ht  indl'.ld  to  a  c.inlid.  raMe  .im.'.int. 

(.kiilL.c  I-  a  Imall  place  ■  n  t!i.'  N'ldoudi-,  ketivixt 
uliiili  anil  SaiiXi  s  i>  a  mineral  pciiodi.  .'.1  l].;in;',  whii  ii 
iiin-  leven,  and  intermits  Ir.eli  iir  .  At  Le  (irand 
( lal  .riniev,  imi  t.ir  trom  In  nee,  a  tine  Line  and  red 
.'\,-  i-  madv'  out  o!  the  111.  lit-lliai'.e.  lalled,  in  l-'rench, 
ill'  re.!  . 

I  /'. /.  wi  tl  .-  tee  '  f  .1  liiilio]!  litliirc  tlu-  revohition. 
II-.;  II. 11  I'/e/  and  N'lii'i-  1  that  ii'ible  jiiece  of  R"- 
.  n  aniioiiiti  I  ailed  the  l'..ii'  'hi  f  larde,  i-  n;^'  p.irt  ot 
an  ip.iediiei  I'V  \.liiili  wat^r  n-  eonie\cd  11  ma  tprni;:; 
■  t  Ivi/.  to  Nilnu-  ,  n  ar  v^  ">  '  •  ''  lonfiltb  ot  three 
i.ai.'.i    ot  au  he- ai  lol    ili    live:  tiiid'.n. 

Ill  lii-'  nei;'h.ouiho()'|  ot  I  /  /  in  tome  exielkm 
miier.d  Iprinns  piitieularly  ..t  llie  v.'l  .'.-e  ol  Yoiilet. 

Al.iis  lias 'he  lee  ot  aliilhoptiil  th-.- re-volmion.  The 
I'rot.tlan's  are  luiiiuriuis  here.iiiout-..     'I"hiv  utv   l"'- 


tiienilei'. .  s  t. 


,  ih.i  e  t"  a'l  It. -my,  three 


The  to.-ii.er  iv  mountainous,  Init  al-Dunik  in  uooik 
to  eh-.-'iiir-iv,  ihr--'  M  li  aanv.  aiidlia  e  t-i  n  iliiud  iron,  caverr.-,  and  mineral  walei'.;  auil  the  Later  is 
philoloji;.- .  'll-.e  ar.).  l!u-  e  IV  iv  .i.en.ed  r.niarkallv  1  Iniilkil  in  e.ivn,  '.iin.,  !ve.  Th.  I'liiii  ipal  pl.it.s  in 
l;ihiliii   u   :   tlu  ho'jl..  .:•:■  handlon.e,   hut    tlu-  t! reels    i  I'pper  I'oix  are 

iiair-.w;  r.nd  here.-    a  vv'ol    t-,id-    in  1.1k  ,  v.. .oil  ns    |       Foix,  ihce.p'tal,  liluated  at    the  lout  o(  the  I'm  r- 
viin-j,  llroni'  waters,  ->  u'.  I'lvale,  .\  .  nean  Moumai:>  ,      it  1-  d-,-t-,-n.hd  kv  a  callh. 

Montiieher  i  pi-.-.tlaniiy  tiiuaie.!,  and  c  nimanik  |  Taralcoii  has  m.ipy  iron  tor.'es;  an'l  Aup,  at  tht 
nianv  keauirnl  proljict'.  On  the  I'icrou  there  is  a  1  t'oot  of  the  Pyreneev,  reeeivcs  it.  diiiomiiialion  tiom 
fu-jntain,  wliwh,    fur   limplicity  and   beauty,  cxteli     iti  hut  watcr.i. 

Ill 


I 


Th 


i-(if,R\riiY. 

It  iroin  .1  nv'imt.ili'  fivf 
livs  ciiy  .iri:  pl.iui-. I 

I  riv-!ri'c  ;  tnc  ' i  itr 

tla'f  t'ninjT  ill 't  I  riiv.  » 
.  r  tv  is  tlw  dill  II  ui  •! 
,  .iiiil  luups,  ilini  .uff 

0  In-  tl'.ol'k'  olihi'  |',|i    . 
oi   O.w  liiiij;  ;  vJiiiui 

II  'IiiImi',  mil!  Liiri'.'  "t 
vs  of  :i  I  inc. 

.iliiy,  ami   lilioo'v  ot 

of  Itii'rui'i,  \.hc!i  i. 
il)iT«,  ilii\(.-  I'luii.  ,ans, 
^niiii>  inns  tlircc  tlie- 

I).  !ai .  In  1 1  ill  lo  ln\'- 
»  j;oAn  iiiul  cap  arc-  llill 
u  vciicraiioii.  aiiii  uW\ 

tl;c  (Ik'^'.rcc  I  I  I  Ill-tor. 
Montpclitr  i    ilic  il  i.t 

;lil!. 

l.ir  from  M  >nt[\li  ■  , 
ti  ■•  III  w  '  kIi  \wil  iii.ii.i 

nmrnt  ot  nntiqiiitv,  of 
U]  liiilK:in\-,  c.il'  il  I  .<•% 

til--  iiii.iilrniiyul.ir  l:o;i(c 

I'y   Ailri.in,  atiil  ii'cil 

tlic    o.ianj;ulir    invcr. 

ikii'^litfiil  walk,  clKil 

1  iiy.  lUw  ,iw  liAi  lai 
tr.iJc  in  cl')l!i  ;iiul  (ilk, 
ml  a  iit.iiK  I  'I  !,.iir  |i  it- 
v.'il.iiiis  arc  I'roicil  iht  . 
ari-iow  rcil  wiili  miks. 

Niliiu-s  i^  the  iliitl  t'lwii 

on  ill.-  Rlic'ic,  is  iv'iiii 
,  a:ul  >!lnr  ;'o  ni  ,  au- 
I'lc  amoiiiit. 
tlu'  X'lJoiiili-,  lictwixi 
piiioiiii  ,'.1  lo;  in;',  wliii  it 
•  Il  ur  .  At  {..c  (lianvl 
ICC,  a  line  llc.c  mii  red 
-.adc.  eallci!,  in  l-rcnch, 

([I  litloro  iIk-  revolution, 
tli.u  noljif  piece  ol  R"- 
I'li '  iardi.-,  I^'.'n[',  p.irt  ol 

io:i\c\eil  Ir  ni  a  Iprin;; 

1  .  it  confilh  ol  llirci 
:  ( i.inli.n. 

/  /   in-  toiiu-  1  \i  c!kn! 
.  ihi-  \  .'1  ;i.'c  ol  Yoiit'ct. 
I  III!  iliv  rcMiluiioii.  The 
.■al)ollt^.     Tiii-  I  iiy   l'  - 
li.is  a  lalUc,  aikl  i-  nuttd 

,,  an<l  drives  auood  trade. 
\\l\-  ol  Vcl.iv,  iii-ar  ilie 
■,  and  wai  the  I.e  ot  a 
j:i,      1  IvK-    MM     locral 


s  hounded  <  ii  'he  uti' 
d  noith  hy  1  .anv.ikdi 'C, 
illon  and  the  I'yrineau 
iit'i  I  I'l'cr  and  L"wci'. 
lull  al'oimds  in  wood. 
lvate^^;  and  ;lic  l.iller  is 
Til-.    piiiKi|ial  pl.ic.b   lu 

at    the  loot  ol  the  I'vir- 
Ud  l.v  a  call!; . 
uriies ;   and  At  (p,  at  tlu 
>  iti  duioiiiinaiion  lioiii 

In 


r.i'Rorr.T 


r   R    A   N   c   r. 


S.;< 


4 


\\  1  .o\<  r  V'lK  are 

I',  III.'  ,  1!  '  il.c  Anrir'c,  t!i''  (Vc  of  a  '  ill'np.     la 

ill      MA    i\{\    r   Ml  o'    IrilK",     i'.llllH.ri  |j  lliC  line     I    AMI 

in  tl  I  i!  pinnic  I  o    \nii  i',c. 

,Si\,ii'  iM  isalin.oi  i"\vii,  cm  ilic  Aii.i  c;  ^la/Lir  . 
\  •iiii'Ku.  t'lc  r.  :i''ct.i  e  ol  ill  loiiir, ,1,1  I  i  ,»  t.u 
jli/rii  ui  1)  '  1  /.III,  1  Ml  I. IIS  llic  li.MH  o- ( ii.i ../.; ; 
iii'.l  i!'-  I'lllii  1  Ol  Aiid'iu-,  Ir.:.  no  pL.t,  ii-inaiN- 
uMi.  inil  llic  viilane  ol  Ouiiiii'C  . 

Til- 11,0V.  rnnici't  ol  Rm  -i.ii,ioN'  i  i  'I'lndcvl  on  !!;c 
ni  M  I'V  llic  I  .  Il  I  l'\.'ii  I--,  on  the  loiiili  Iiy  ilic 
(j  r-:cr  I'ynn  i-'.oii  iIk  wei!  !iy  C'ud.i:iiic,and  on  the 
ta;l  li\  ill.  McdlteiraiH-.n  .Sf.i.  it  is  :  J  lulj-u  s  Ion;:, 
and  li  lir  a  I,  and  iiccix .  d  n  tiaiuc  finni  a  Roiuaii 
<oli>n'. ,  la  le.i  Rui  nil.  Tlic  licat  here,  in  I'uiniiK ',  is 
itii:-'!-;  I  III  i!i  loll  IS  trnit'iil  in  lotn,  wine,  o.l,ihi''et, 
t".i""--.  I'V  .  Simp,  (;tiail  ,  pari ridiu"-, and  pul  i-  ms 
a  III,  d;  I'l.l  1  ons  and  ox<  n  aic  Itiie. .  Tin  ^oiiid 
i  ]  '  •.■|;li(  I  In-  luuk-;  and  a  p;ieat  di.il  ol  i  ii,  vvi  li 
ii  l.ie  io;:i,  nillet,  ami  wool,  .lie  e'vj)  i-red  tr 'Il  tlie 
«  u:r  IV.  It  |.  waicicd  I  V  tlij  Tel,  ilie  'IV  ,  .  II  1  ilic 
A -i  ,  •.vii.,li  are,  propcii--  l;  ..km^;,  n  Iv  in  rent., 
|-  .liKC'l  '■'  tlie  III.  l!iii[^ol  the  liioA- on  ilij  niouiuani-. 
I  .'.I'"'  i  I.Minedv  M  Sj-ain,  Ih.i  v,  vi.lcd  lo 
i  i.Mc  liv  tl  c  ticau  I.t  the  I'vH.'ii  III  I  .-.  lii.'iiiies 
''.laiii.lloii.i'ii'i  ^ovi  !iiiiK-nt  III!  'tide  a  ,i.iii'iiC\iila  :ne. 
'i  II    p  i:u;pil  ]•!  ices  in  Roiiflill  'ii  aic 

r  ip'   II  111,  l!:r  lapt.d,   lilii.it.d   m-,   ilie  riv.  r  Te!, 
n  1.1 'lie  iMinilu-  M  iliieiranc.'.n,  wiik^  ,  tlioujili  not  ' 
lui'i,  1    p  pi.lou' ,  wil!  |-'ii'',  and  llroi)  ;lv  loiiiii.il.   It 
i    111    I,  .  1  t  a  I  illi'i'.      If'ieai.-    ii  .r:o  ■  il*  •  ,  Icvcral  ' 
ai-    ■',  'lie  ,  liotp'tar,  aid  iliiii'il-e-,  .iiiil  i  lU'Me  can- 
non (.ii:nde  V,  '1  lie  r.  in  lins  o  ilie  >lil  io.>n  ol  Rouiiil-  ! 
Inn  III-  •  n  the  risei  Tel,    n.it   l.ii  troni  lieiice.     In  the  I 
iie.\  di\iii'in  o'  j-'i  li    e,  I'  11  i'l.  lan  is  tliciliii.1  tO'An  in 
lliC  depiili.'  I     I  I  ill     I.  i:l,ri.  I'uemi.5. 

St.  N'.i/ii  ,  Will  I,  aiii!  Hiiii  ,  .lu  ihue  vill.iLCi  in 
llic  (i.liri,  I  ol  r.  lyi,  ;-.aii;  ..t  l!.     i.ili  el   \vi  ic  i  lalt  i 
inidc  ol  the  ka  u..lei  ;  l.'.-  ia-o  lall  arc  :i  acil  tor  tneir 
warm  h.:t'  *. 

|{  ll.rarii  ■  is  a  f  iriicl-,  l-i:il:  lor  tli  -  de  en.-,;  ol  .'.  pa  ' 
li-:din.;  tiomCataloni.i  lo  Rwiiir-llcn  ;  l*i  f'  s'..-.il!  :  d- 
liiine  l.ttle  t'  wn  on  the  'Jet  ;  Nfoeiit-Lan  ,  t'  •.-  '  lin- 
<  -p.i!  pl'.ce  in  till-  leriilorv  ol  C'  i''.i",iv,  t-  '.  we  it  r- 
li'.d  t'lwii ;  and  \  jllc  1  ;aiicli>,  on  tiic  1  .  t,  l- .  a  .uo:i^ 
toll  i.e.ii  It. 

I'lie  liomulaiies  ot'  t'.e  f  joVe"nnie:it  •  i  N^V■\R^  i- 
and  Hi-AHN  are  I.aliou.d  on  t'  e  wel;.  IIi  uneo'i  il  e 
111!,  (.'aliiiieiie  on  the  nnrrh,  aini  I'.ie  I'vi.ii.in 
Miiuiif.iiii,  'I'l  ill'  tiiiidi.  Nas.irre,  ii<  1-  d  u  i:i  t!  i 
)  o\e;nnu  ill,  is  but  a  '.in  ill  p  rl;o!i  ot  i  e  in.  i.  ;i'  kir.  •- 
iloiii  nl  Nav.iire,  v.hi.li,  luu.ni.',  Ueiii  .ei/.ed  en  n  v 
1  iiiliiiaiul.  kill;':  ol  Anatoli  ami  Cat' lie,  I liis  i' iil  alone 
w.s  r  ilortd,  and  h(.\  i-.ic  an.'.ix.d  ii  t  e  eioan  oi 
fi.iii     .     I:  I-  oi'iv  e-;',!ii  leaj^ii-s  in  I  ii^-'i,  ai-.vl  live  in 

I  K.idih.  Navaire  is  l-iiirren  and  nuiii:!i  i.i  ■>■.  -md 
loiiil.n  o- I'  one  ji'.ae  ,.  'illi  iioi  n.  i,  w/.  si.  I  in-l'ie- 
I'e  I'lirt,  Willi  h  i  liiii.-.ted  on  the  Nue,  a  !e...  -.le  ti.'iii 
ill  Ixiidi  rs  I't  S]iain,  and  ciehi  tioni  U.vie-.iu,  li  i. 
v.ell  torlitiiil,   .Mid  h  :-■   i  cu'le,    i  onir.i.-iiKlni;;  ike  p.i|, 

I I  lii.-  Ill  •uniains.  T'.i-  I  reni.  ii  king  look  tl.j  lit'c  o! 
kill",  oi  Nav.irrc  frniii  '  epce. 

IIk-  |iriiiiipali!v  o'  Hearn  lies  at  tl-.e  too'  of  :lie 
I'vriiK.iii  Miuint.iins,  iKiiujabinii  i  d  k  a-  oe-  'nk'U'tli, 
an.l  I  .•.  Ill  bri.ulth.  la  genital  it  is  Inn  ,i  bairciu  ui:'- 
l;\;  \el  the  pl.iin-  yield  eonliik  i..l  c  ipiaiKilies  oi 
(lax,  and  a  kind  ol  Indian  corn,  caned  m.illm-,  Tiielc 
iniMiiitains  arc  rich  in  mines  ol  iron,  copp.i,aiul  ic;'.d. 
^ol1K  Ol  till  in  alto  are  loveied  uitli  Mia-s,  and  oii.ir- 
uuh  pine-tree';  and  lh-.\  s'lve  rile  to  I,  \eral  ininet.il 
ipiii'gs,  and  two  conlideral  k-  iiveis;  ('..ee'i.c  lalkd  l!ie 
(kUc  ot  Oler.in,  and  ilie  oi!ier  ihed'Av-ol  15  am. 
Si. me  wine  r-  ixpeiuil  ir.  in  this  irniitr';  and  te. 
Spun. mis  buy  up  i;;e.it  iiuiiibeis  of  liorles  .md  ea:ik-, 
io|.Hiher  vii'i  liiiill  ot  their  liiiiii,  ot  wliieh  tlicr^  is  ,-. 
LL'iiliderable  ir.anutactory. 


Tail,  il  e  p'a  e  of  mill  no!,-  in  t!  i  p''n.  ipdiiy.  is  -t 
liii.dl  but  \mII-1  u  It  town  <  n  liicdavei  t  Hiain.  Hitc 
ar  two  hoipiti'i,  a  ii  anii'iicl'rN  o;  iloth,  an  ai:uiiniy 
1  I  i.itsaiii!  Ui.iei  ,  aed  a  pi'.itc,  in  w'dJi  Henrv  IV. 
..a  tiiirn.  In  {'•>  iii\k  ilivili  ii  ol  l-'i.ipce,  P.  u  is  the 
iliict    Ii.Wll  in  ill  >u  ji.-|(;ii.;,t  ol  ll',  lan\cr  I'j.i  uc  . 

Tlicf  i  ■Virnnu  .-.  o!(lt-^  r\NKand  Cl.xsrov^  ,\\lii,Ii 
i,  the  lari'cll  it,  .lianie,  b,.ii,-.  '  ;  kae.iu's  in  1  ri',  li, 
Ironi  call  t  J  Will,  ar..l  yr.  i  i  M->..dt' ,  limnoiili  lo 
loiiil.,  IS  i'l'iiniled  n  the  loiith  by  the  I'yuneaii  M  nn- 
tii.is;  on  i!ie  nouli  ';,  I.iuoiilin.  .\fl  (iiirnois  ;.;.J 
Saiitoiij^e;  im  the  t'lll  I  v  I.  n:  iiedoe  a-.d  Aiivcrpnc; 
and  111  the  Well  by  ih.  *U-i,'.ii.     1  hi-  p,-v.-tri-nu-nt   is 


fmitlul  in  Corn,  wine. 


lump,   lol  ai  eo,  brimly, 


piunc-,  and  niaii>  olh  i  .o.niiiediii.  .  llicy  haw  alio 
medicinal  ipiiiiL.s,  >.\ith  c  pi'er,  coal,  .and  other  mm  ■% 
and  t,ii..|-riis  >i|  uMib'e  ol  aikolour-.  Tlic  il-ic'  rivers 
ai.-  till-  (i.iionne  end  Ad.iir,  boili  wliali  ilil(.''.-,r(.',o 
i!i  iiiiclvis  inio  t!  e  Oi.an.  (iiiyir'-,  propcrh  li> 
lai.eil,  IS  !-.oiinil.il  on  tne  n  iith  bv  S  .'nton^e,  on  the 
eali  I  \  I'eri  ;;()|-ii  and  A'^i  r.oi«.  on  the,  ut'i  i;y  R.'.ailois 
and  f  ial"co!iy,.ind  oiu.k  w.lt  by  the{\c.in;  ami  con- 
taii.    ilie  loll  owing  places  of  note,  vi  •. 

Doiin'cai.x,  I'll-  ci'piial  of  llu  v.-;  i.'e  e-vevnm  nr. 
Tien  i/,hl.iiii'ing  dillriit,  i  ailed  11  urdcloi-,  i.s  very 
lii.iifiil,  j!  .1 1  .e;i|,ii  ly  in  vines,  clie!iuit-,  ami  tig. tree", 
'1  he  eiiy  llan 's  on  ihe  bank  i  t  the  (i.ronn  ,  about 
:c  k".  lu  s  tio  -I  il  1  nioiiih,  and  i-  one  o;  the  niitl  an- 
c:i:it  in  I  i.iiii  ■  .  it  cariie .  on  atneat  ir.id.  wiih  molt 
|iarts  I'l  !•'  1  pe,  the  tide  riling  t  i  high  iti  tl.e  river, 
that  lltips  Ol  j;i  -.1  I  uidvn  can  coir.e  ii])  to  the  quay. 
The  iiiy  aiui  harbour  aie  ■iel,  iiJul  by  three  lorf. 
'1  he  liiuti  I  a  ts  ot  liie  fiiniir  are  the  p.ilacc  near  the 
h.ibair,  ami  the  luburbil  Ciartron.  It  is  the  fee 
ot  an  .irchlalhop.  I  l,ie.iie.,ii  ui'.'Vei!i;y.  '.n  a  adcniy 
o:  ii  leiieis  and  line  arts,  a  l.iifte  (io[,,i  ca;i'edial  lic- 
dii.  all  I.i  to  Si.  Aiiilr,  w,  u  ver.il  other  iliiM.his,  t!irec 
t'liiiiiM.i  ,iiv,ral  public  tount:ans,  an  i  xi  iL.iii'.e,  t'oine 
rem. tin  oi  aniiipniy,  a.nd  a  nuniifi^-teiry  ot  lace. 
A'  out  fi\  leai)ii.s  |,(.i.)-.v  tiie  li-.y  i  .  wattli-tuwer,  (;t 
ii:;lii-liOul.,  e.lk-'.!  La  T  ur  I'c  Cord  inn.  l"or.ii;n 
rioteltaiit  111  K  'ant- .  even  be  lore  the  rt\olution,  were 
in  iilji,  d  I.  -  e  m  the  piivtc  exercile  of  their  icliiiii  n. 
R  ch.iivl  II.  kiiiij;  u!  l.nL'l.i.nd,  wa^  b  irn  lic'-e  in  i  ;'>;. 
Ail  in^;^!!'.  u-  u  1-  i.r  luainietits  on  tin-  cii\  in  the  tol- 
.  will!;  pi.ui  il.  i.ie  mnir.tr.  "  Th-  :\\  urablc  ini- 
jii  !i  on  ..iiili  bmidaix  c.iiino;  la  I  I  o  make  on  a 
il.,,:  g»r  ai  hi-.  atiA.i'.  i  ue:l  . oiii'.ui.l .!  by  a  i\liilcncc 
111  II.  I'b  .'.luic  L.iiis  II  il  i\c  as  many  vo'.aiie-i  licrc  as 
I  niiiK-i.-c;  k;%-';.ya.  d  ii.diriiy  riigning  \-,ithin  iho 
.-I'lic  u.'.l',  :>.n  i  il-i.  t  in  ill-  moll  exter.,ied  I'.erjree. 
C  mm  ii..'.l  iitie  aii  iil'ualb  markeil  bv  retcrvvd 
ii'ann.r  ,  and  iiic  f  I  -  lit  L;.iiii.  Avaiiee,  powcitul  in 
I'.-'  iniiii-nicc  ov,  r  iiie  liuiiian  li.art,  twalliAvs  I'p  aid 
iblorbs  le.e  nil  r  -  lolt  and  nv.liinjT  p.ift'u.n-.  lleie, 
ho',vi\ei,  there  r  il  s  ae  iiitiielv  loniiovcUei'.  JMli- 
pation  and  il  '  an.  li.  ry  :.;e  iiuie  op.niv  p'.tre.ni/.ed, 
.liid  have  n  ad.-  :'  moic  uhimlai  :i:;d  .ppaieiu  con- 
ipiell  tli.'.n  in  bait  ihe  e  piials  ot  I'liiopc." 

Bkiye,  Oil  ih.  (iiioriie,  h..s  acit.ilel,  where  .-ill  lliips 
IvHind  lo  B.'iude;-;;-.  niiill  l,.iveilien-  cannnn  and  arms 
till  they  r. tun.  N'uir  it,  on  an  illand,  isalotttli.a 
comnia-idi  li.,  rixcr. 

nibouree,  a;  the  co:-,lliix  oi  lli  ■  river^  lllc  and  Dor- 
ilu.;,,e,  diiw  a  I.I  111  ileiai'ie  tia.le  in  l.ili. 

I'erige.ux,  the  i  a;  nal  ol  the  coiiniy,  called  Peri- 
i\o-.d,  wliieh  imU  .ir,-  lome  niiiK".  ol  ium  an^l  iiiinci-d 
iv.iiirf,  llandis  on  ih.  rA\r  Ilie,  has  lome  lenv.ins  of 
Ri^m.'.n  a.ntiqi.iiti. -.  It  i-.  a  billiop's  l',.i .  Iniheiiiv 
ilivi:  I  u  ot  Kiance,  Peiigncux  is  ihe  linel  ti-wii  i;i  tlu? 
il.p  .rimeiit  111  IJordoine. 

l\o.!,/,  tile  cap'tal  of  the  coiiilti-\  ol  Ro.ien'ii-, 
ubiJia'  LMv!  'li  ia-i!e,  iion,  copper,  -.in.  I,  .mil  ml- 
phv.i-,  li.iml-  Oil  the  river  Axcyioii,  niiuaiiis  Icvaal 
ihn;.  he  ,  an'!  ;s  .lie  lee  ■  f  ;i  billmp.  In  '.he  lU '.v  divi- 
\\  n  ot  l-'iaiKc,  ls.t:t:,/.  is  i!i-e  e!;ie:  ( :\\n  in  iln  depart- 
iiKiiC  ol  .'\viyron. 


A  NHW,  ROYAl,  A^a)  AI'THF.NTIC  SYSTF.M  or  I'NMVr.HSAL  r.F.()r;!lAl':  IV. 


mM  ^i^ 


Wfi 


':;*i! 


t   ^ 


Sr  »' 


■ 


Ai  Mil«t».  i>r  VM'iUiiiI.itownoii  c'u'  nvcr  T-iinc,  n 
HtiUxrfrn. ,  IkIoic  tin-  iiv.>lii!.o!»,  tlu'ic  wen-  tut-  (..ai- 
\et\u,  .mil  ;\  1  .viiii\inili'rv  <it  ilu-  kllil',tlt^  ot  M  ilt  i. 

I'ont  (Ic  Cui.iiMtci  i*  c.lciir.vtcil  lor  iti  imnd.il 
is.iwr'-. 

Aii'uiUnn.  rn  ilic  ( i  >rt>niv',  In-  :i  c'i"li.!ir.il''c  tr  nlc 
iul'.unp,  ti>'';i  ii>,  }M,\ii),  \Mnf,  ami  hr.uuU,  anii  i'  ik- 
Iciiil  li  i  V  .1  i.'.iUf. 

Mniitnilion.  (Ill  tlu-  Tanic,  i-  ;i  I  .111111' imt  will  Imil! 
ttuMl,ti}',llt  Ir.CjVIW  troin  Tliou'oiili.    Il  W;i;.  .1  liilhop'. 

Ifo  Ik  mo  tlu-    ic\oli,ii.in.     Il.u"  aic  .'.n  ;um.I> iiiv  o. 
Belle-  Lcitri',   u'  1  a  inan/.^iory  ot  woolitti  lliills 

Tlli^  i.iwii  iiill'in.di'mli'.'.  i!il.- damage  by  ai!r,.i  i- 
fiil  imiiui.itioii  >>i  tJK  riviT  Time,  wliitli  bgaii  on  \\w 
I4tliiir  Ndvcm  t-r,  ij'"'-,  .mhI  laiil  mo  iKnilis  in 
null'-.  'I'ht  |i,M  i  iilirs  t>(  ilii*  nu'laiulioiy  ililiiUrau 
ihiis  i\|>t  -I.  riif  till  «ii  liic  li.-.iili^  bri'.in  111  tl.c  lii- 
Iniii)  iif  Sipi:!' .  I'I.e  nolle  .)>.\ationeil  liy  tluii  tum- 
bling w.'s  lic.ml  ill  the  ii  ii'.libuuiin;:  lulniih,  with  tie 
cries  ..tle^vial  p  rl.irs  aIio  ci'levt  ixit  toriuli);  bm 
as  the  water  !iMri>\ini.lc.!  eiitiiely  the  lulniri  <  I  S.ipi.i'  , 
it  was  verv  liitfuiilt  f,  ui  ■  in  ti'e  iirill me;  ol  ihe  iin- 
lnp;iy  inlubiiam-.  Thr  use' ,  \shicli  wa  |T.'(liRinii11v 
r.vol;!  am!  ra)'il.  wis  la  li  i  wu^i  a  muulier  o;  n\.vs  t 
an  eiii'iin.'us  li/e,  that  ImiI  "eni  to.n  iiji  liy  the  ro  is 
anil  lauuil  ili  sn  alonu;  ni.h  i. ;  a  e  reimill  iiiCi-  whkii  | 
j,)inei|  with  ilie  lla^i^lK■.^  <>.  the  nijtii.  remlereil  the  I 
jutiii^i-  o!  boats  ve'v  il  iiiiyious.  'riieit  obllaths,  1 
li<n\cv\r,  dill  n.it  iiulmiiJaie  a  niariiier,  wliu,  in  lpi;e 

0  the  iDirtaii.si'.iul  teir-i);  hiswitc  ami  thiiilren,  wii  | 
turcd  I.)  criil'  tiic  river,  in  order  to  lav.'  fu  h  as  \v.  le  j 
01"  the  piviu  ..  t  penlhintr.  Hi-  iiuLr^;.-  roiil.d  l^ve-  : 
ral  ot  hisl.liow  boa  nun  to  nii.l.le  him;  .iiul  Iv,  iiK.iii-  ' 

01  ilKvr  h  Ip  no  on  ■  pe'illi  il.  j 
Tlie  llo  iK  contmiiid  '<>  mireallsaiul  rcd.iuliK- i!i.  ir 

alirni-.     The  inhalMi.mis  ot'  the  oiy.  I'cpaia'e.l  tnim 
the  liiburbbva  biid.;e,   ran  lo  ihe   N'lll     il  nirhonne.  i 
At  fiveno'ijoik  ot  tl.e  in  Tiinj  cjt  Tii.ld.iv,  N\)veni- 
bcr  iK,  ill    do.  ds  Iv  ..n  i  >  ab.iu-,    ami  their  dcereal'e 
eontimied   n'l    noon.     1 1 'p.'  im  lu-diaielv    bi-aan    to  i 
fpring  up  111  ever\  lii'om,  bit  «  is  lo  m  iiilk-,1  by  i!ie 
till  o:  i\w  uieautl  pan  ot    ti.c  lilnni)  ot  f  lali'  ras,  aJ-  j 
joining  lo   tli'.t  ot   \il!e   Bourbonnc;  an.i  it  was  per-  \ 
eiivcii  that  all  ih.  houles,  c-vrn   ihoK  iliit  weie  yei  at 
a  dilKinc-  ;rom  tin-  \.\aUTs,  were  loiuiin'^,  and  rill  il   I 
onl\  on  a  I'l.  letanl',  whi.h  ilu-  uauii  had  alri'ady  uii- 
tlrrmiiv.  d. 

At  noon  ilu-  'well  h^-'an  aii.iin,  ai.d  w.is  v.iniiniii'ly 
aiumentin.:.  'riic  lonlUii.aii  >n  wis  tin n  imiveilal. 
t)rders  w.  r-  i;i\(;n  l.i  nV'V.  crtail  the  clKct«.  Perl;  ;;s 
iifaihanks  .urt  <!tlire.l  to  aHilt  in  ih  removal;  an.i 
al!  the  i'ariirj;es  Mere  eni'a  el  lo  ma'^e  liie  ivmov.d  tht- 
niori.-  I'le'ilv.  Tlie  inhunah  i:f  iiiili.e  op--i;ed  tin  ir 
lulls,  ilie  nioi.ks  ilieir  t  inveiirs  and  el)i:l;is:  tli.- 
ehurJv.s  were  alio  offi-red  ,'.s  itpofit  Ties  !or  tlu  eU'ei-'ls 
of  llie  p.o|ile.  The  iiih.ibil.iiits  ot  Xillc  II  uriioniie 
aliand.in.d  luccelVivcIv  their  houksi  and  lii"  iiihilii- 
tantsot  ihe  city,  wiili  ane.irnellr.eli  uhi.h  iliil  huni.iir 
tjhunianiiy,  letcived  their  ui-.liappy  neiiih  ours,  a"d 
*'ith  nuiks  "t  true  tenderncis,  i.-ndtavuii:i.Ji  u  .ai'ua;:e 
a  j;net\v!)i  ii  luul  noiuutul-. 

The  inundation  iiicfiak'd  duririj;;  the  whole  day,  and 

eoiuinued  llill  aiinmeniing  iillleviti  in   tii.- moining  ,,   

V  N  .vi:iv,u  III,  when  the  w.ittr^  w.  re  iliiuvtivo  Uti  ]  a:id  abound 
above  t!ic  u)miiion  water  level.  Su.h.'ii  eMraordi- 
r.ir\  iniiiidaiion  oeealioned  lundr)'  niisihlv  iirini;  vil- 
las^es  to  be  entiieh  ov.rflowvd,  and  pn-durc.l  the 
gieatell  ravage.  In  the  plami  the  l)uilvlii'.gs  weie 
overwh;  Iriicd,  die  cr.iin  wallud  aw.iv,  the  cattle  drown- 
ed, .iiul  the  oreaieil  i)art  ot  the  inhaSitanf>  touiid  their 
only  lately  in  lui!tle  i  flijjhl,  or  m  ihmliin;,;  hie;li  tree., 
wlierethe  iiorrors  o  lamine  wereioined  to  llic  dreadlul 
fptdtaele  of  ixholding  iheir  dwellint!,s  dellruyi  d,  and 
their  eHeCts  carried  away  I  y  the  flooel, 

A'^'^cn  is  a  lar^e  and  populous  citv,  and  live  lee  oi  a 
iMlli.ip.  It  IS  fimaicd  on  the  river  (jironne;  ani  had 
the  honour  lo  In-  tlie  native  pi  icc  ot  that  prodii^v  of 
learning,  J.jlqjiiiieahgei.  In  liieuewdiviliunut  iuiite, 


A^en  il  t' e  iliiei   I'ovn  m  ilje  liip.utneiu  i  1  I  .ot  :'.i  d 
(i  ooiii.  . 

^M  e  Ir.inclic.  iiil.iiin  Ii  meo|wtli«,  is  t' p  i.ipn.il 
I  I'e  I,  w.r  Maul'e  of  Uoiu  u'.ii.',  on  (if  i,^,| 
AviMcu.  II  re  air  a  tli.ipiii,  a  ioliej;;e,  and  a  ma- 
mil.wiory  ot  lieinpcn  >  li'ih. 

Cianl.iC,  a  liiile  |  I.-.' e  in  tic  I.mvtr  M.it.he  i.t' 
RoueiLHie,  is  n 'leil  hir  ii»  e\e.  lleiit  luij' .ur.iU!.  nii.eial 
w.it.r    .ind  II  .Ipii  . 

l».il>.i.i^iK',  WmuIi  ennlliiutiS  t'.  f  r.Miih  pan  nf  i|  ^ 
R"VerniiKiit,  r  lerir.iKd  tiom  ( iu\ .  nnr,  i  n  the  noitli, 
b'  t';e  (laioiit.e.  Tie  iiihabit.inti  ar,-  leniaik.tl  le  ;■  r  .i 
vu  i'His  proniin.  i  I'on  o!  the  l-uni  h  i.'iitii  ■,  tor  bini'« 
f,v,{  bo.ilKis,  ami  tniu  li  given  to  blumlciiii^.  H- iKe 
ill    p'lrtle  (i  .kc  male. 

lie  prill  ipal  places  are  the  lol'owin'  :  \\  |ln,  ,•[) 
i.u  I  ..isal  nine,  ten  le.ijjii  j  I-  ulh  <  i  liiurdi-  lux. 

Comloin.  on  ihi  IJ.iile,  c  <nia  ns  levci.tj  convrnM, 
i.'ivc.  name  to  i  I  ir.le  dilli.ei  i.dliil  f  luionuiis,  .ii.,t 
I  elorethe  revohi'i  ii  w  is  tie  I  "e  of  a  li  I'lup. 

Aie,  on  i\m  A.i  hh,  !>  the  eapit.il  ot  ihe  dift.ict  of 
Tulan,  nm!  bit  ne  the  rev  .hiiion  was  the  :e.  ol  .i  In. 
tliop.  1  he  kii.-,s  ot  tl  e  \  iiiHiiiiis  I  rni  riy  k  pt  ili  ir 
I  ourt  heie;  and  ihe  luins  oi  lii-  paiie  •  t  Alaii.  ai.- 
llill  to  I  c  'een  on  the  banks  ol  the  rivei. 

Aei|  ,  I'll  the  i..ine  lu.r,  li.ad  its  i  i  ,ic  fr  >iii  its  Iri 


Ir 

a 


iailis,  will  h  weic  c> 'ebiated  111  the  R' :iiMi  I  iii.s. 
W..S  a  bilhop's  kv  b.loic   lii.-  uw    luii.),i,  .unl   hi 
g"o-l  tiade. 

B.yonne,  the  en[vtal  ot    ili-  i!  I'rie^  <i;   I..l^,)ur.!, 
whk  h  piixliue'-  lome  liu.is,  i--  a   p. .in  liiire  (.i'\  n... 
ihv  lea,    live  11  a^ju  s  .  11  iIk-   li.iiJers  ol  .^ponto  ih- 
niih.and  wc  ;ri.iii  I'.ir.'.     Ikini>'ia'o   ihek  'S'l 

liie  kinp,.k.lll  on  the  Sj  an  lll  li.le,  it  is  llmiij^lv  ;.iM:li  •'. 
I  lete  ire  a  i  .1.  d  I,  w  ih  i\m  i.iri',  and  oiher  wi  r  >. 
It  was,  b.  lore  ih.  r.io'iiiion,  i!ie  t.eot  al  illiop,  and 
had  arevcni.iot  U),o-c  li\u  ,  out  ol  whu  ji  his  taxi- 
lii:n  to  Rome  w.e.  ii-ily  I03  llo'li*.  Ili'oti.ic  is  llio'l 
agreeably  liiu.u.d  .i'  il.e  ir  iliu  .  t  tw.i  met',  the 
A  lour  and  i!:e  Ni\e.  Tiie  hi  I  i-  K  ui  e  k  .'  euntitler.i'.lc 

,1 


than  ih  •  Thire-  <.|p'iliie  i .  m!  uli :  ami  .crois  it  is  a 
wiioden  bi  I'^e,  wlili  h  I'l-  tlie  |'la' e  to  a  li.liiib, 
eall.d  Le  l-.uxbu  g  du  .St.  I'.l|.|  it.  'I'l  e  iviv  ■,  wl:iih 
IS  (mill,  ami  iik-s  ui  ti'e  l'\  leii;  is,  ii.UiUi  islh  ■  (  enire 
"t  ill,  ell V,  at'il  le'i  iiib'es  one  ')!  ill'  i  ..n  i!«  m  H'lll.ind. 
n  e  enlLiii'  (.  ii.lo  tlu  /\  oiii,  wiiii  h  I  .  b'  ul  luui  miks 
I  eloiv  ihe  lo.vn,  is  itii-'i  u.l  >  "ill  d  ill.  nil  .inii  lia/ar- 
•|o..b.  It.  Ill  ih.  i.D.il'.  \\'n\  Il  \  ^\\  c.'IKi'ud  and  I  rin 
.1  I  ar  lowail.^  the  ii,oui;  .  It  i-.  nutv  ithliauding,  a 
vei\  ai;ie',ai)le  paeeot  itiuiiiice,  and  luimlli.s,  in  jiro- 
lulion,  a  I  tl'.e  leijiiili!' s  it  he.  Bioiuts  for  jiiiis 
w\re  invented  iere, and  lioiiili.niei  deii\e.l  the  name. 

iii.  Jean  de  Lu/.  is  a  linill  town,  lliuaied  three 
!ea;^ues  Ironi  Bm  oiine,  u\\  r  v.'n]  h  is  a  brid.;';.  |i)iiiin;» 
.1  I  1  ill-  mII.i.:  ft  -Si  will,  wi.li  .1  liiib)ur  lor  tilliin;;- 
b'.ais,  I'clonjK'i^  |.i  i'l'ih  ihelrpl  'C'.  Thepuiceof 
ilie  I'yrenei  ,  as  it  was  called,  wis  mn.  hidci!  in  105), 
in  an  ille  ne.ir  thn  I'iwn,  l.rmid  In  the  ri\er  B  d.ill.i.i, 
whi.li  ib  tie  1)  i.ir.'ary  I  cv.ixi  i-iaiiei  anU  ."sji.nn,  and 
call  d  the  1:1.     :  ['...iifaM  . 

M.uiicon,  f  e  la;  il.ii  rl  ih.e  lo'iniy  ol  S  'jk-,  which 
l.e^  I  eluixl  f.iivcr  Navairc  I'.nd  iieim,  at  the  t-.'ot  if 
the  I'yrenean  M.iuni'.ins,  loiii.mis  .ibout  70  p'lrillics, 
with  wo  'is;  bui  is  uii'mut  anv  navi- 
i^.ible  river  turii.in'.'p  iriiiig  its  liiu'ier  tu  ilie  le.i.  The 
town  ii.uiils  on  the  Cjave,  ten  leaj^ies  ironi  I'au  t  Jthc 
well,  and  has  a  cilile. 

A.ieli,  the  lapital  not  or.lv"!  ih  cmnty  of  Arni.ig- 
n  I' ,  bill  ol  all  (ial'eoiLinv,  il.iiak  oii  ilic  rivcr  Ciee  . 
i  leie  i.  a  in.ign  li,  ■.  nl  i  .uh.edial,  tli  •  my  b.in'.'  die  lie 
"t  a  billuij).  In  the  n.w  div  li  ■-!  »  l-i  nice,  -lueli  15 
the  duel  lown  111  the  d.p.i., Ill  ni'.lli  r-. 

."11.  B.iiraiKl,  .1  linih  c  r,  l.'i!  lie  c.i''ii.il  nt'  the 
tounty  ot  C  .niiij't.pes,  ami  t!,e  1  ei  I  a  biui  'ji  b.ji  uc 
tlie  reioluii'ii.  It  w  1^  built  I  y  S..  Bctianil,  aiul  tli  le- 
torc  called  bv  his  nam  . 


.St.   Bea: 


I    a 


I'rj;   loua    on   tlie    fiir  inne,   Iw  > 


I.a^ues  IroinSt.  IkrUand  lo  liu  loulli.  'I'ne  lio'-le 


I 


t 
f  ,, 


.l:C 


V /. I i> .\i    ill, 

III  j'.iilii  cnt  1 1  I.nt  r.i  ,i 

itUc)|v,||>,   is  e'  c  ^^\<M^\ 
■i.'iH  M'.ll  •,     III)     ll  »•     n  ,  I 

I,   .1  ii.ll.  i;,c,  anil   ,1  ,1,1. 

lI'C   I  .mvtr   Mil,  lu-  1. 1' 

llmr  liii|'  .ur.iiis  ni,i.u..l 

I'  C    I   "ill   |V„I   of   ll  i, 

II  (  in\    i.nc,  I  11  till' II. nil, 

.Ult«  .11.    llUl.ltk.ll  Ic   '.  I  .k 

Kill  ll    |.'ll;:U  •,    ;':ir   l>CII:;> 

II  111  IiUkuIliIP.;.       H    \;^r 

'll  tulliiwiii  •  :   B'Tai,  .n 

Mill  1  (  li'Uinlfiix. 

hl.i  l)>   IcvcMi  t.'ivruN, 

I   I'llll  t'    luloiUlllS,    .11, ll 

Iv  .  t.i  i)  Ihi.p. 

1  .ipil.il  III  ilii-  di(l,K'  ,,f 

iii'iii  u.'.s  ilic  :f.   Ill  .1  Im- 

;•llil^  I   nil  liy  k  pt  ili  ir 

lii     (vilki-  I  I  Alaii.   ai.- 

llli    liVr!. 

1. 1. 1  rill  .11-  fr  1111  it'  ll  I 
III  il,c  K  11  111  I  III.  V.  ll 
■  UA    lull. 1.1,  .iiiil   l,,i.   a 

ill  ■   ilC.ricl  o;    I...l'.inir.!, 
h  ,1   i'..ii\  li-.L-f  ii'v  n.;.: 

iMi.kl',    of    .S|)  1111  I')    ill  • 

IJi  iilii  .  nc  ll   I'lf  1.  '  >  .  I 

.1',  11    !•.  llmil^K    ,.  i!!:li    ■!, 

1    l.iri-,  ;ini|  nilui  w.  i    s. 

,  ilic  ;.  L-  .)t  .1 1  iili.ij ,  .\,',ii 

,    out   ni   wllli  ll  111!,  |;l\  |. 

Ilo'ins  l!u  oii.ic  i~,  iim  I 
1  III!  .    't  is\.!   infis  ilie 

I  1^  uuic  ll .'  I.,  iiiliilt'r.i'lc 
r'  I  'ii :  .iii'l  .LTi'l!.  it  is  .1 
ilif   I'l.i'  c-  l.i    a   h.lniih, 

l|lW.       'I'l  I-  i\'lV.',    wl-.u  ll 

ll■,l^,  11. u  ill-.  !•■  ill-  leiiir.- 
r.il  ill'  I. .ml'  in  H. ill, mil. 

Wllil  ll  I    ..Iv  III   tout  links 

>  ..ill  it  ll'i.  nil  .iini  li;i/ar- 
1  avi  <■. .Iluit.l  aiitl  1  nil 

I  I-.  ii.'i.' iilillii.iliiig,  ,1 
icf,  aiiil  liiiailli'.s,  in  pri). 

I I  1-.  li  \.i:uts  lor  ..iiiis 
ll.  n.  (.1   ikiiMvi  tlic-  iKUiif. 

I  ill  I'lVMi,  lilnaKil  tLliV 
'.ill    ll   IS  a  luill^t.-,  |1)II11I1;» 

ill  a  hub  lUi'  liir  lilliiiig- 
•Ic  pi  .  <.'.  Tile-  p. an-  of 
,  tt'.is  lun.  Iiiiliil  III  ii>  5  I, 
il.il  In  till  ri'.  c-i  li  it.ilj.).!, 
,1  I  .a.,.i  an.l  >p.4,ii,  ;iiiil 

:■  to'in'v  ot  S  ul,',  wliicli 
mi  iitiia,  ai  tli.-  t.'ot  i  f 
lll.,l:l^  alMJiit  70  p'iri(lic'>. 
Hi  is  viithiuu  any  navi- 
.  iiiii''ir  ti)  till-  li'.i.  The 
ita^'i.-  ii.i.'ii  I'a'.i  I  ,  the 

.'I  til  I  'Hintv  i,f  Arinao. 
..;ki  '1,1  liic  nvtr  Cict  . 
al,    ill"  my  !>.ln.'  llic  lie 

II  '1  I)     I'l  IIILC,     /viuli  IS 

ni  ..I  (i  I-. 

I'll;  li  c  taj'it.il  nt'  ilie 
■  c  I  I- .  t  a  I'liji  p  I',..). lie 
S..  CL.t..iiKl,  aiul  lii  IC- 

I'll  t!u'  f i ir  ,nnc,  tw  > 
1^  luuili.  Tin;  lio'..u     i.c 

4i;i 


^ 


f  11.//, tr,,    /'/  IV\N  KI'..S'.N,    \tr-  '//.I. 


'"/ 


■■^>/-^.n,.j(\\\()K\\\\V\\\  /.'//.,/,>//^  /,'y„/.    /nJ,.  >■/„/. 


^7 


'I  ///t/i/fZ/t     !■/    -    //f///ri- 


.Sill  -d 


c ///.,. /v,V'/ll\\Ki':s's,  *w/>^../-//.  ,y'(;K()(;i{.\riiv  ClLl. ,//'>/  ^nt,,,/.  /H,/„rm^ 


^^^■^:: 


Ifr//',-////,      /,>/     J    //,i'//r.//i,    .V'   K()('lli;i"(  )|{'I'. /////'     ^/rr/l/<;    r  .     //////. i. 


f/'  ///'    -    'H  //i/i/rj.'/  r     ■  '////hi 


^, 


\.mM 


iiM'    .^| 


Ai 


m 


'hi/iii.    ftn/irri 


7 


%« 


r.rROpr:.]  F  R  a 

nil  of  iinil'.le,  wiiicii  is  here  more  common  ilian  free 

H,.|H'. 

'I'lrhi.-,  ;i  finnli  cii\,  lull  tlv  capital  of  Riiorrc,  :unl 
iIk'  fee  of.i  h;ilifij>,  (I  iii(l<i  on  tlu?  h.;n!.s  nt  tie  Atloiir. 
In  the  new  (.livitiun  nl  I'lanee,  Taibe  is  tli.-Lap.ial  ot 
the  ilepaitment  of  U|  per  Pyrenees. 

Bigners,  a  town  on  tlu  lanie  nwr,  is  tanioiis  for 
its  ii)iniial  waters  ami  warm  hattis. 

Al  Bareili^e,  a  viliai'.e  liniate'.i  at  the  foot  of  the 
Pvr-n.es,  aic  tour  iiath-^  oi  clilKriiit  cici!;"ecs  ot  heat, 
wliii  h  aie  (l(.cnii.(l  eliiiaeioiis  in  the  rheumatiliii,  and 
othi.r  thl'uti)|)vr^. 

The  (iovernm'iit  oi  .S.aintom;!:  and  AcofMois,  or 
Ai'GUMOis,  i-.  -;  i.a<;ues  Ion*;,  12  It'oatl,  ant!  hoiuul- 
cd  on  tlie  f.'.ll  by  Aijoumoii  and  l\rigord,  on  tlu' 
well  hy  the  Oc.  an,  on  tin- north  by  Poitoii  and  Auiii'., 
and  on  tii,-  ionth  by  tlK-(iaiio;;ne  and  Kurdeloi^.  Tlu- 
rivers  ari  the  Ciiar-ntc  and  Bntonnc;  and  the  couniry 
abound.  Ml  ..>rain,  wine,  latino,  trtiit,  lalt,  and  mineral 
fprlni;  .     The  principal  places  :'.re  tiic  I'llowing: 

Siiintes,  the  capital,  filiated  on  the  CUarente,  is  the 
fee  of  a  b  Hi  ip.  Some  rem. 'ins  of  Roni.'n  woiks  aie 
Hill  to  be  I'cen  in  ic,  and  thi;  biid^>c  is  laal  to  have  bctn 
built  hv  the  emperor  Julian.  I.i  the  ncv  divihun  ol' 
l-'r.ui€c,  Saintes  is  the  thiet  t'wn  in  the  ileparlmcnt 
of  I  ,o\ver  Ciiarenie. 

I'ons  i^  a  h.indlome  town  on  ihc  Liith-  Seiiv,-,  over 
which  ilieiv  arc  Icveral  bridjiji-'.,  whence  the  town 
had  its  name.  Here  alfo  is  a  mineral  lp;inu,  with 
tliiinhes,  ami  ahrshou'.cs. 

Sr.  Jian  d.'  Anijeli,  a  town  on  the  ii\cr  Butonnc, 
i^  noted  lor  us  br.uuly,  anil  wo  illen  (lulls 

Ani;>.nnnois  wa-^  ailiuhe,  and  is  w.itercd  by  tlie  ri- 
ver'-Cliai\nie  and  Touvres,  and  yn-lch  jz,rain,  wine,  lat- 
fr.iii,  all  lolls  ot  iruit<,  and  iron.  The  plaee^  of  moll 
note  in  it  arc 

Ani^ule'iie,  the  ca[.ital  of  the  province,  in  the  cen- 
ter of  which  it  Hand  ,  near  the  Cliarente,  is  the  lee 
of  .1  billiop,  and  contains  a  manutaitory  ot  paper,  a 
•j'.neral  h^lpital,  feveral  churches  Stc.  In  the  new 
divilion  ol  iVancc,  Anguic.ne  is  the  capital  ot  the  ile 
pai  inu  ni  of  Cliarente. 

Co<;nac,  on  the  Ciiaiinte,  is  fiiiiated  in  a  moll  de- 
lil^htlul  country,  and  celebrated  tor  the  avimirable 
biandy  made  here,  as  alio  tor  an  old  callle,  m  which 
1  lani  is  I.  was  born. 

Rochefaiicaiilt  is  a  little  tovit,  v.hieli  ga\e  title  to  a 
tlukc  eminent  m  thehler.uy  world. 

Til '  f  Mivernment  of  Aunoi-  is  b  Hind  d  on  the  f.  11th 
and  cad  I  y  Sainion|;c,  on  the  north  In  I'eit  ni,  and  on 
t!iewellb\  the  Occa.i.  lii.onK  1  o  U  a;j;iies  loni.  and 
Tihout  as  m.my  broi.d,  beiiiji  the  Imilhll  |m"\  nice  in 
Prince;  but  is  fertile  in  (;raiii,  pallurai^e,  vines,  I'ic. 
It  ha  a  g  loil  harbour,  and  great  quantiiies  o:  lalt. 
'I'hc  principal  places  which  ii  contain^  are  a^  iollow  : 

Roihefoit  IS  a  lianlfime  maritime  town,  on  the 
Cliarente,  live  leagues  tiom  its  m  aith,  and  .about  leven 
Ir  im  Ro.lv  !!e.  It  w.iscn  ded  1  y  order  ol  L.ew.s  Xl\'. 
ina\erv  I'rong  manner;  ami  turnitlMl  v.  iili  ibiind- 
.-ince  ot  necettaiy  lU)re-hou("cs,  llores,  ma'^a/iucs.ac.ipa- 
i  i'KH  and  exiellciit  dock,  .1  vidii.'.lliiuj;  oliice,  an  hol- 
l)i:;d  for  lick  and  wounded  feimen.a  maniila:r  irvoi  laii 
cf'ili,  a  fni'idery,  K.c,  The  river  is  broad, de^p,  and 
Well  I'uard.  d  by  forts  tii  its  mouth.  The  li.ubour  1. 
convenient  and  larc,e;  anil  the  marin.'  academy  con- 
tains ;oo  V 'Ung  tiKn,  who  arc  inllru'"ied  in  every 
tiling  iet|iiilite  to  qu'.lify  them  lor  navil  lervice. 

As  the  moft  minute  particulars  which  concern  the 
fea-poits  of  I'lance  arc  of  great  importance  lo  be 
known  to  the  fiibjeoh  oi  Cireat  Britain,  we  Ihall  tub- 
Join  the  t  'Howing  p  rtinent  remarks. 

The  diliance,  Irom  La  Rochelle  to  RochcHns  | 
Ion  is  level)  league..  The  full  four  are  exccdinu  j 
ple.ilant,  the  roail  Iving  al mir  the  lea-lhore,  and  in  ; 
view  ol  the  illandsOlrron  and  Aiv,,  which  app.-ar  at  a 
hnall  diliance.  The  city  is  built  in  tiie  midll  of  aiarlhes, 
No,  yS. 


N    C    E. 


»;? 


which  were  drained  for  that  purpofe.  Colbert,  who  wa;- 
then  prime  minilUr,  uf  d  to  call  it  La  Vill  D'Or, 
(Ciold-  Pown,)  from  the  prodigious  fums  his  mailer  had 
expended  in  its  ereclion.  Time  has  however,  given 
thclanciion  ol  utility  to  the  proi.rt,  and  rcmlered  this 
port  as  nccfilary  and  important  to  France  as  cither 
Brcll  <-r  Toulon.  It  is  liiuateon  theCliarenIc,  .about 
live  leagues  from  it  n.outh.  Kvery  thing  appears  to 
be  umier  an  admirable  regiJatiou;  and  the  icveral 
liiancl'.cs  of  naval  eqmiimcni  aie  ca'Titd  on  with  vi  u.ur 
and  oiipatih.  The  armoury,  the  rope-wai'ks,  and 
llore  hollies  of  every  kind,  are  all  in  the  i^etl  older, 
anil  k.|it  with  prodiiiious  iv  a  ni  I  .  Lewis  XIV.  for- 
tified til"  city  at  the  time  he  i-recteil  it;  but  iis  litua- 
lioii,  at  lo  conlldcrablc  a  diilance  from  the  lea,  ren- 
ders it  fulllcienth  hi.  11  re  from  anv  attack.  It  is  laid 
out  with  beauty  and  ele_:;ance.  'Phe  flreets  are  broad 
and  llrait,  travelling  the  whole  place  froin  fide  to  lide; 
but  the  buildings  do  not  lorrefpond  with  d;em  in  this 
lelpect,  as  they  are  m  )lliy  low  and  irregular. 

Rochelle,  or  La  Rochelle,  |lic  capital  oftr.is  go- 
vcrnmeiii,  liiuated  on  the  tea  coall,  two  leagues  from 
the  iile  ol  Rlie,  and  four  tromOlcron,  is  a  hand'iime 
town,  with,  a  tine  port  of  a  circular  form,  and  llrong 
lortifications.  Hue  alio  are  an  :'.c:u  Icmy  of  Biles 
L'.'ttres,  a  lugar  rdiiicry,  aiu!  a  medieal,  botani  al, 
and  anatomical  ichool.  Beloie  lli:  reeolution,  it  was 
the  fee  oi  alnlhop,  liillia_:,.in  to  B.iurde.iux.  The  fait 
marihe;.  atfeci  the  air  of  mis  place  greatly. 

'Phis  city,  being  the  chiel  leat  of  the  ref.irined  in 
I'rance,  lufl"eri.d  very  much  during  the  civil  wars,  and 
was  often  valiantly  dctendetl,  anvl  lung  poiieiied  by 
that  party,  till  at  !■  ngth  Lewis  XIII.  after  a  f)ng  and 
tamoiis  liege,  made  himlelf  m.iller  of  it  in  the  year 
if)2H,  thietly  by  the  m^.uis  ot  an  admiraiile  ranii)art, 
or  bank  ot  earth,  which  cardinal  de  Ruldieu  earned 
I'j  be  railed  againll  it  on  tlie  tide  of  the  C)..  can.  After 
it  was  taken  the  king  cauled  the  walls  and  tortilications 
to  iie  demolillicd,  exce|H  only  twii  tovver  ,  wli  ch  de- 
fend the  port:  but  Lewis  Xl\'.  cii.f  J  new  and  llrong 
tortilications  to  be  raifed  about  it. 

'Phereare  two  ifl.uuls  on  the  co.tII  helonjing  to  this 
province  and  government,  Oleron  and  Rue,  t:ie  former 
ol  wliith  i-,  li\e  le.cu.s  lor.o,  two  bi'  a' I,  aii.,l  about 
three  tioiii  the  mam  l.nid,  liav  :ig  a  twwn,  laiUe,  and 
.1  li',hi-lioii;e  on  it.  I'iie  innalitants  iveie  anciently 
t.imed  ti  r  tlieir  Ikill  fn  navigation,  and  arc  tlill  good 
feamen.  Tie  other  ;lle  i.  about  f  ur  miles  in  length, 
two  bioail,  and  i  i  mm  two  aiKl  three  from  the  con- 
tinent. It  IS  p.ipuious  ab.iiii'.ds  in  wme  and  .alt,  and  has 
le>eral  orison  it,  i.iLii  a  liuie  tbrtiliv.d  to.Mi,  called 
bi,  jMaitiii. 

The  (iovcrnm.iu  o''  Poitou  is  hounded  on  thr 
north  by  Pouraine  and  Anjou;  on  the  toutli  b\  Aunois 
.Sainionge,  and  Ango^lmol^;on  the  call  by  La  Marcho 
and  part  of  Buy;  'ai:don  the  well  by  tlu  Ocean,  li  is 
4;;  leagues  luiii.and  22  1  road.  It  befjngid  IbruKrly 
to  the  kings  ..f  L-nglai'.d;  bur  oeing  loll  b\  Henry  VI. 
w.as  re  united  to  I'rance.  Tlie  river^  are  the  Sevre- 
Niortoife,  Vicnii.,  and  Clain.  The  produce  and 
commoditie.  are  lorn,  cati!e,  and  wo.'llcn  llulis. 

I'oitiers,  the  capital  of  ihewludc  province,  lituatcd 
on  1  he  river  Clain,  is  large,  an  I  contains  many  churches, 
tome  remains  of  Romm  .mliquili  s,  .m  univerfuy,  and 
mar.ufaelories  of  woollen  c.ps,  llock;n;^s,  gloves,  and 
diiibs.  It  is  the  Ice  ol  a  bilhop.  'Phc  country  round 
is  noted  for  vipeis  which  are  in  luih  great  numbers 
that  \.ill  quintiiie-  ot  mem  are  iranlportecl  to  Venice 
to  make  treacle.  In  the  year  1  ;5'i  the  Frenili  were 
(I.  teatid  by  the  En:.',lilh,  under  Edward  iti,  Blick 
Prince,  near  this  town,  and  j'lim,  their  king,  liken 
|iriu)iicr,  and  cairicd  to  iMigluid,  where  he  vinKinued 
fair  ve.iis.  In  ih.' new  divilion  ot  PVance,  Poitiers  is 
the  cap.ial  of  thedcii.irtmi  nt  ot  Vieiine. 

Niort  is  a  conlider.ible  town,   ti'.u;Ued  vin  the  Sevrc- 

Niortoife.     n.re  are  a  callle,  two  jx.rilh  churehes,  a 

jjcneral  hofpitil,  witlimanufaAones  ol  ihamoy  leather 

10  H  and 


m  ']■ 


*\    ■■  ■>: 


?,;;      A  NiAv,  R(>Y\r.  and  AmiFNTi'^  r.vsTFAT  or  VNivrR'^Ai.  cr.onRAr! !Y. 

;i '.|  w.H^liiii  ti.  tf';,  ill '.\l-.ich,  :i- \v;ll  .\s  i.iulc.  i!'     ir-  I    t'l  u  i  oii'lu's  imv  run  (i:i    iIr- toj)  ol  t'lMii.      Ilncare 
li  ,'.i':int- >.  ii">  "11  ;\  i-wniuliiMlilf  ii.i  I  .  j  mn  ral  Ipi  i>i;.  v. 

Ru!i''fo,  a  hnilxm    i  >\vn,  ivii  ■  I  \<\\n-  io^n  i'  n    {        I'oikmK'  i-  .i  p  >it  wliiJi  ^ivi'b  naiin.'  t  )  a  cap-  iiDt.il 

t.ir  line  (ivlUi^. 

Si.  Hii  ti,  niiir-  loi^u.'  ucl  ut'Si.  M  ilii,  is  liiciid 
anion.!,  mouiu  ii  ;  .  I;  i  tlic  Wc  n  .\  liiili"i\  a  i  I  < mi- 
1  III!'!  a  I'-il'i'-j  ■,      111  11-   i.i'v   ili\  li  in  'il    l''isiv  i\   S. 

!il  I    ;i,  is   lIlC  i.uH.1    l>i.\  li  .11   llu  l|.  [VlltllKIll  Ot    tllL'  No' til 

Cca:l. 

Tii-'mTst  ]•;  a  iVa-p  lit.  Hi-r.-  is  ai";n"i  liailv-n'r, 
wit!)  lomc  tiM'K"  ill  li  Tlc^,  iDin,  li  ■  i.p,  ..:al  \\\\,  .'.ivl  .i 
nia',  .la.'.o' y  o!  \^  ij  ;  i . 

\'.  iiMi.-,  ill  ■  I  i|M,i'  II    l.dwir  I5:ii!'.nv,   I-   r.iii't,! 


IM  ■,  lii'.  (•  1 1'l  inT  i.t  i|:i\  ■  aiul  p  I'T  III  r'"f  ii  111  ot  I  Ik' 
I'liivlv  "I  Ku  il'i'i,  hiVMi.!.  Ii  en  t'Oiidi-il  by  l.  ••  i  .'.iJi- 
n  ;1   "  th.ii  iiaii.-.  who  wa-  lioi  n  m  tins  pi  i.c,  iIkii  onl\   , 

I  .  iii.hm.  10  1(1  •I'cs  n.iiih  of  I'  'in  rs  !.a-  a  i:V,ll  . 
r.ts  Sa  !i-  IVt)'  u  '  as  a  li  u'liiui,  and  a  I  ililf.  F.m- 
ti-!- r -Ic-Conii  ,  "ri  du-  \  ,  n.kt,  lii-  a  irailc  in  iloili 
ai'.i!  vvii.i'lt  ■■  lUilV. 

S  .  M.. IX  111!  I    a  t^i'.vii  on  t'u-  liv  i  S  arc,  or  S.  vie, 
in  rj:"'"'  ''   ''  '"•      '■  '    lilt  tn- oi  a  !i 'Imp.      I  1  IV  .nv 
1^ 'U- 'v '■  IK  •!  Ill  iivita>'!o:  H-,   ii.vliin,   \    \v  1;  .,- lOiii  jl   _' "1  li  •'■.!t(  ■  luiil'iu    !l  o    Naiili-,  on  i  I  .;\   utilie    ■■;, 
a:i>l  lattlc,  tin  iii!i.i'ii.a:''.s  it.a!  pi .  ;iv  I  ii  _cl\ .  ||  ami  lake- its  nin,e  liom  ihc  uu  c.  a  \',ii  li.      1  lire  aiv 

j  leveial  li  iiicli.-,  a.ul  il  !-•  il.e  'ee^'ta  '  :ihop.      In  iMv; 
T'l   ( i  ui-inineiu  o'lVii  r  I  AN  \  i^a  pciiiiiuh.  uhu  h       new  divilion  oi  I'lan.  e,  Valines  l^  llie  laj.ital  otilic  lic- 
lio;-,Ki,   Mil    Norniainlv.    Mime,    Aivon,   ami    I'oiloii,  l|  iia'lin.-iit  ot  Moilniaii. 

I'ort  L'Uii',  liiut.  liie  r.  volulii'ii  ealkil  I'oit  c'.  Re- 
V.  Iiilioiin  IT. ,  a  lo.M)  .It  ilie  iiioiitli  ot  ill,-  nv,!  H  t\er. 
Il  11  IS  .1  I  ;t.ul. !,  ,111  I  in  liir'.i  o',  wh'.  Ii  is  ve:'\  good 
.iiui  Lit.-;  \(.t  ilier^'  i^  lii'le  luul.,  exi.pt  in  laiil  iks 
im!  '  e  •■. 

l,'l'>i  I  '".t.'T  1'  i-l  1  .'Oi  le-!',  I*  a  t.'un  Ir.ii  ;t'  il  in  t'  e 
!viv  11!  I'oit  I  .iU!i  ,  .11  llie  in.i;u!i  o  'lieiiv.i  S  >:', 
\\\t  'e  ill  I'lelii'i  l.'ll  I'lit  .1  ' 'iiirp  .1.1  I  .ul  .111  ;  iiiii  '  .d 
ii.-ii  il.ip--,  .i:i  !  ii.ive  the  1  1 'iiii!  \\.i:»  h  ml.  ^  anil  !i  a- 
i.  a'  IK  ■;. 

1  li  ii:'<'  o-il  !••  a  r.iial!  \>'."i  on  t!  e  lieer  P.livei, 
1  .>.  1  as',;.;-  tio.ii  It-  U'lnlli,  h.ivi-.^  .i  i  iiovir  .'.inl 
^oDil  i-a   .  . 

IJ  lie-Ill'-.  .1  iit-iiif.t  ;l  lllm'.  ilii'il  r\-  le.i;i:'S 
1  M-'.  aii'i  1 .11  >     I  111!,  1  i>  .  V  i  .i..i  s   111  n  !'.i'  Ci.nw- 


tow.iul  ilie  eat!  onlv,  all  lli  ■  other  pails  h.in;;  lioiiivl 
til  In  -.lu  I  a.  !i  :■-  ■  1  .LV'--  I 'I'i;.  4.s  broui,  and 
lii.l  it^  n  ■  11  I'i  '11  i"e  B;i!  I'l-.  uIid  (led  Ivtii.i- tr.iin 
i'  .'iiX'in'  ill  ilu-  .  i.th  I  eiiMii  V.  Il  -  w.iteied  ly  ih 
1  •  e  mil  \'ill.i  ne,  aid  ili  ain.ls  :ii  lad.  pit-eo..l, 
\.  111!,  I  ill,  Initt  1,  e.itt!'.',  iVe.  iui'-  in  i.iv  'J, '-I  lin- 
I-  iv  Oil  th' e Mil,  .mil  loiii.iin- a  ii:v!.i  ;ej  o.  I.uiic'i, 
.'ill  e'Mie'i.  i\.  .  ri'e  :yr  i"- lim  iilditi'ereiit.  I'lie  peo- 
I  '.■  Ip  .ik  .1  : 1  ■.ion  liMii  uli  U  relenihiiii;  the  W'l  K  h. 

R  :mk-,  the  eapnil.  luuiled  ,'.t  lhciiMill'i\  utt'.i. 
Ill  a  .!  il-,1.  \'iline,  ili  'iit  ij  leai;u.-s  ir.  .ni  ihe  I.  .1.  i- 
pulli  ln..'.e  ind  ii,>|iiloi;.  I;  is  the  K  e  ot  an  arc!  - 
biilvip.  llei.  ire  a  luiiiii  er  ot  ehuvelie  biui.'-  li.i 
ciiludral.  .Several  ot  the  |irm  ipi'  ll;..'-  lie  limd- 
lii'iie,  as  111-  i.oiill.i>;r.iiioii  in  fe  \.  r  :  ,  ,  iihi'li 
aliii'ill  r^diKul  llic  whole  plue  to  .illu^-,  o  li  >il  tii 
inlubitanis  to  r.-lmi'd  lli.  ir.  I  i  nn.  o'  the  iqre 
wa  a  line  ll.itiie,  m  i  ovi.'  ,  it  I  .i  ai  \\'.  |i  \i'  v 
iri.Med  V  the  piovm.  e  in  ;  4.4,  '  mi  .ill  1  hi  ueiie:\ 
Iroir.  thil  d  iHij  r  u^  II  lel  111  llindi-.  .\  Ik. 111  o  .- 
tained   t  he  t;l!r  nt  •'  Ri   n   Ai:i:e."      lii  iierilh  th.  |  r  1,  e  1 


n  111,    irii 


vv    Ih     fi  >l  k  • 


lie  1  liiel  ;  I.I.-     >  11  li    I'-  I'll  OS    iv  1;  ill  .-  hi.  t.ll  d  mi  11 
.1  i„ll!   ,    ii'ul  I, IS    1  1:1  .|  11.  ■'. 

Ill  ilu-  \   .11    1    .;  I  .\.in!i  .0  II'  '..   ,  "  it'i  a  I'  oa.'-o" 

■I  l-.i'Llldlli  Ip^,  lli;  llieUiiltl    i-.lll  1^1     11  s  ill  ,11  ',  1,1,   :  •, 
I'.iik,  ,1:1  I  ^:e;iio\el    111  III    ol    till'    I'll.  11-'    111    1    !,'   Ill 


fill  one  li.'e,  mi  lici-.i,  t' e  •.■o.lde  '  ol  lie.iiih,  w  I  h  !  IJull,  iin  I  1  \I.  Cm''.,  i.s.  l.i  Api  I.  1  ;  d  1,  t  1  'I'  m1 
lie;  lerpe.U  and  ]■!  le  I ;  .rul  nn  tl  e  .i'i>  1  the  ;.;  niir  i.l  .\  .i-  ,ai-U  ked  l)V  .111  I'.ii^hlll  II  tl,ir.iLi  di,  ,  on  o.i:  il 
B  ei  1  ;ne  kiie  lin.',  .m  on-  k    e..  .11  d    n  h  rc   i.nli.n.iiKe  i    ol    eoaiiiio.lore    Kepp  1,  and   a  I'o  iy    ot    l.iiid  Im   e  , 


cxn'.'itivi   aii.l  lev  lene.   Ii:,ili   :r.  i  ■^ed.      Al  llv  t.  ot 
ot  ih    pi  I  ill:  w,i-  ri  ;i)ler'pii   11  m  L.t'ii.     At  tin  u- 


iiiider  '.laivil  1  l.i.l;.'.  m'.      N  ■  alaui  ot   j'^ii.ii.  r  Ipaiic 
m  I  uall  iiiri  had  luen  iii:'i)!av  d  dm  11. i;  iliai  Almle  w.ir. 


V  i;;ii'in   id  ill     /.   il  o    til.  pe.i;  le  a.ii.n(l  111. mii   In,    j    1'  ej;iiii;oii  at   I  n.',iii  la;  iiul.ii  d,   .iiul  maiiheil  out 
till    ll  iti;     .v.is  lh:oMi 


n   ill  ;  ill.   nut  d   e  >;ivei  i  ;    I   aiiI  I  le  .  ouiui.s  ol  ua".      li.e  illmd   uas  I'lllored    li) 
III  I'.e 'e:  v\e"'  the  d  .1.  .   In  th,  n.  u  di  '.  il.jn  -  ■!  I',  in  e.    ,  |-'r  .:',i  i  I'l   l;i.  ;,u;    o!   i  ■'■  ;. 


is  ill.' il.iil  l.iMi  111  the  depaniiuiu  ij.  llle  ,1,  d    [       (^\   i',ei,  .ir    (.)^ii  iioer   C   leniin.   a    tn'.Mi    011    the 


Re-c 

V,i  ,n-. 

\'  M-  1,  a  f:r.al!  tn'.v  11  in  tli    Vill.iine,  li.is  a  111  .r.iit.K- 
t  rv  ■)'  i',,Kkin  :  ,   '.;li\.'-,  tLr-.i-.l,  ae.  '  i    .  liil  ;ii. 


IS  ei  ().  e  ,  1-  1  .:_  I  id  i>  ipii'  1:',  li.»-  a  ^  m  i  tiad.-, 
!' u  k  .  ;  1.  ^111  '  n;i  _•  1  .\  it  11 '.^.h-uaiei  to  lee  v.  iv 
!  u'li.  Il  .s  al 'I  t  .1  I  .1  I  ilh  .p.  Ill  llie  new  dii  1- 
I'aiiilie.iii',  '111  I  lie  I,  HI    ,  i    .1  n.  i,  ke; -t  •  v  1  ii^'w     n   !    lion  o'  l-i.i:i.    ,  '.)■.!. npii    is  ill     il.iei  lo.ui  in  ine  ilc- 

■|i  .111.  em  .1    1-  .iiiiti.  . 

Cli  Hell  1  '!.  .1  iii.i  '.,  t  to.' 11  111;  tii:  riv\  r  Aulim,  li  .1 
11  111  ind  10  ;)  r  iiji  .1-  m  i^  n  i/'iln.uih  md,  and  .1 
;ie  II  II  -de  in   a  :'..o'i  .;ii,i  11  .le. 

.S";.  1'   i  d  •  I  .e  111.   or  ;i  up  '    I  .  o'l.   1    a  two  oii  the 

n..ill eiill    111   H,  ■! '  i-i' .       Mi_ii'    .-a    I.l  e  li  1  o  e.r, 

del  .i.le.l  1  V  .1  t  It.  H.:  IL  d.i.  r.Vol.ilMn  il  vv.ls  the 
ke  1.'  .1  I'l  li'i'p. 

\I  I  !■'  ,  .1  w  -11  i:  . 'r,  p  piil'i'i  .  u.i  ed  lo'.vn,  i^ 
nil  .1  e  I  ■  .  I  I  V  1  .'  the  .11.1  n  iiiu  ,  ..  loiit  1  '■  1  le  !■.;■:  s 
liii'il  t  '•  'I  1.  'Ill  ...1  11  III  I-  d,«.t  iide  1  liv  I  I  i  I  .111- 
rea  I,  wiuii  !■  u.il-  up  ii  .1.1  :ll  n  1 ;  .iiidth'  ■  .1  'e  n 
V.  1  V  '  o.ii.l.  i.ii.l.    Ill    \',.{K,   e.ii.s  .s.   i"p<r,   liiiea  I  lotli. 


til-  lei  .iiul  N.iiiie  ,  v.heie  le  iai'.i,  1  -  mI  t  ,v  I  i-j,.i 
lllip  are  put  into  ir.iailer  i  ll  Is  l.i  Oe  1  111  10  tee  i.il  l .  1 
place. 

N.iiites  isfiiiiiied  mi  lie-  l.nir.,  a'imii  S  Kaijii  s 
from  the  le.i,  aiul  1  S  '10  11  R  r.n  s  I'.i  ill  loot  ■.,  I  Lie 
are  ni.un  churclies  and  an  unneiiiie.  1  lii^  i  i.vn  i  ir 
1 1  s  1)11  .1  ii''e.il  IM  le  ;  tliiiiij,h  lllrps  ot  liii  ilien  laiin  II 
ci'iie  ir.i  to  11.  It  1  ill  ■'•  e 'it  .1  li.llio'p.  Ii  i'.  t.eivi.  tor 
the  .1!  -I-  ilfia.  1  luie,  ill  1  •;>;.',  1  \  1  1  nr'.  IV.  "1  li'...ui 
ll'  I'l"  1'  u  l;.i:ir  ,  '.vliiili  w.i  1  \oi-.id  m  I'd;  le, 
1.'  M  \1\'.  An  exe  lleiilliiiu  in.iii  tv  i-exp.t  i 
lieiii''  HI  o  'oiei^a  1  '  iinti  le^'.  1  li  le  is  .1  k  .1  !  o  ■..11- 
neiiliip  01  lea  'ue  Ih-i  .v,\t  the  iiieri  li  ini-  ot  t'l  '•  111  \  wil 


llioii-i     lii  1)  1:1  111  Sp  on.      I'.x  I  :  ly  iippnii  e  10  1    e  Ip 't  1  ihicM.   .V 

on  w.inh   ihiibili     '  i.ui,   ihcL^oii-    is  divide. I    in..  '■  S' .  \1 1  • .  1^  1  I'n.ill  1  e;  p  pul  ii»  i  ■  '. ,   Utiiatc  I  on  a 

f'v  1  ll  I  h  iieel    !  IV  a  no  111  11 1  o'  Ini.i  I  ill  i:  ah.   mhI  nl  '  I  iile  l!  n  ;,  (^v,  iiu  h  is  '.ii;ie  '  ii  ih    .  0:1;  i;u  nt  hv  a  'i;   Ic 

wliuh.iie.    i\eu''l    .M  h    'lej,int    hou  .    .       |.        t.  .11  m  1  an      >  is .  it   t    •.  lie  i  I    il  w  Inch  is  a  lli'.i,,,'  Im ; ,)  oil 

q  I IV  IS  iliou'  I'l  in   I  mile  111  len.!,th,   aiillh     built  11 '^  ;  'h-   11  .n'e.-i  1  •  o  i'     i|    iii.Kiiiv.      liei  ■  a:e  1.  v  lal  I',;.'.; 

are   liiperi).      Inthe    a  w    d  v  u   nut    l-ii.ie,    N.i.r.   ,  ■  .  h  in  1     ,    i  nl   i'ii'.!.ei  iihii.',   bui   ut  dire. 'dt  .1  i    ;'. 

is  llie  I  apiial  III  III    dej<u  in  .11  ..|  I  ,  iw    1   l.'i  le.  '.  \     r  ih     .'.   !   e..  .    .■'    111     lo.i  11  ..r,d  h  .r      nr   !  1  ir  .ue  le- 

I)  ll,   iictmeili.'  icvolmi.)  1,  w  i»  ih     I   e  •  ■:    iliniiup.  1  ..■   ill'i   ,    i"l   nher   v,    iV',   wen    i        .1     ;.iii.:    n. 

Tile  dioev'li'   .'..l^    ihi'  till '.lei     i'l  ii    111,     i.llhr      i-  1  Ii     .11,    1    eie   ..    .Hon  II       l-    li    ii".     1     .   liileip.        1'  'C 

(h    ji  h  id  llie  ml.'  ot  I  mi  ll ,   .Hid  'A    .1    1  I  .1'     h    i  n  \ .  '1  1    1  '•  oi     li     '  ■  v  .  \    \  -r    1.    'i'  .le  •.■    1    ;   1.1  ',■  u  I  leiil  11    IC 

Di.uii,   neir  ihe    K   n  e,    1  v   I'  e.u  '    '>'it:i    i.t    ^..  .ii     ,.    •  ..ii   'i    •!    d«  ,1    ..    !h     i     -  iilli  r    ;    rid,   in 

M  d'l,    I-  lining  b  .|!i  'll   iiiio  .    Ill  I   iT  ,   and   ll  ml-  ■  ll  I  1 1  ,1-      1       ,  ,  ii  s      .1    n  1  ,v  pi  iv  1  '    -.       J  die  i  .1  He    ',  is 

l;ilj;i;  vJllU  to  luiiie  Up  t.j  It.      llii.  vi  iJ,  .ue  1  j  l 'i^\  IkiiI.  ..y  iIk  (,.i.  1  :..le.l  Ann.  ol  lii  .1   j,i.. , '.dij  .Uiiie.x  il 

1'  ilii; 


T.oGRArnY. 

io|)  ol  tin  ;ii.  IIiic  are 
i.-b  name  t  >  a  cap  •  notvi,! 

t  ot"S|.  M  ilo,    is  i'\-\iM   il 

.(■  II  a  liiilii'p,  a  1  I  1  iiii- 
ilu  li  in  "t  l''istv  t',  S'. 
ili  [xiitiuinl  ot  tlic  No:!li 

iT.'  is  a  i';n  "I  l.aihiv'-, 
1,  li  ■  1  ;\     iivl  i].\\,  .uvl  a 

.( r  l'>;  ii;  .nv,  i-  l'  ii  ■. ■■  A 
If,  on  I  1  .'.\  o*  I  he  '  'i, 
Uifi  t  \  .  n  ti.  I  Uw  ai\- 
'  'if  "t  a  !  ;lln)'i.      Ill  ;nj 


iiiii'ii  lallid  I'oit  ('.   Rc- 

oiilli  ot  ill.-  riv.!  H  l\i-r. 
11' ,  will.  Il  IS  vi:  \  s>ii(u1 
uul. ,  c.\L .  1  t  in    laid  ins 

,  is  a  tou  n  ll;ii  it'll  iii  C.  c 
.mill  I)  I  111  I  iwi  S  >:\ 
(iinji  .i,\  I  .ul  ail  i  inii  '  .il 
I'.tt    wa;  Ji  >iil,>  ami    ii  .1- 

'.  '1   I'll  l!  c   I  iviT  r.l  i\  >'i, 
,    1m'.   :■       a    1   i;!i  'ur    .iii.l 

ll  111  ',  'S  I'll  l\-  lea  M  '  s 
.  I  a..i  s  l.ii  11  !',i'  c.'iiu- 
.ii  1  'M-  I'l  ,1    n  (!i    ri  'i  i\  -. 

S     W  ll'lll    .>    i'l.t.ll     1.1    'A  I    U 

I  i  '.,  ,  ".  il'i  a  r  ii:i.':o'i 
I. ..ill  .a    I;  s  ill  .p  ',  l.u  :  ', 

I      llir     I'll.    .1  •'     Im     I     !.■    ill 

,.1  A;. I  I.  i;  (li.t  I  'il  '..l 
III,  ir.iLl  .11.  .1111  1.1:  ll 
1  a  l..i  ;\  I't  l-iii'l  l.ii  t  , 
.  a  1  ;ijii  ot  i^ii..i(.  I"  I  pint 
(1  ,lui  11.'.;  iliat  is  link'  w.ir. 
iiUt  li,  .111.1  inai\  lied  lait 
.c  ill  iiid    v\as  lelloieil    to 

rcTi'.in,  a    to'.Mi   on    the 

>ii'  .ii>,   lia->  a  ^  )o  i  tiiuL', 

h  'j,li-'.\aiei    to    liic    V.  i  v 

il!l  .;'.       I  ;i  tlic  lleiv  ilivi- 

li     Li.u  ;   I'H  11   in  till'  I'.L- 

1  ui;  til-'  rii'k  r  Aiiliin,  Ii  ii 
s  n  1  .■,'io...iiili  Hul,  aikl  .1 
e. 

.   i  ,  o'l,  i    a  t  'wn  <m  the 

I  (i_i'-   I-  a   !.i  c  11  1  li.iM", 

!i     w  voi.itMii  ll  vva-.   tlie 

■itil.)'i  .  vva  fil  town,  i^ 
il  inu  ,  .,  iDiit  I  '.  1  U'  l;i'  1  s 
I-  .Ul  lull'  1  liv  till  ,r.i- 
al  11  1;  .ill  1  ill  'I  'f  1% 
:.\  .'n.   p  ip'  '■,   111. til  1  lolli, 

ml  ii«  I.  '. ,  htiiitc  I  on  a 
1  til.  I  o:ii  itunt  \i\  a  T.  ic 
liiel.  IS  a  ili'.ji.j  loi: ,)  on 
v.  I  i'.i  ■  a:i'  1.  V  i.il  li;.'.-. 
I.',  Ini'  ot  ilrri'.  'ill  .1  e  ;'. 
..li'l  ll  a-,  ur  !  I  le  au'  le- 
>,  w  i:  il  1  .  .1  i.ui  .1  11. 
h  ii\  )'  .  Iiili'ip.  I'  'C 
'.!'• ',.,  i  ;  1.1  p  ll  I  a  111  11  IC 
:!:  I  .  iilh  r  ;  lu',  in 
i\  I  ■  -.  I'Ir.  1 ,1  \[i-  '.11 
ul  I'jt  .i   J,:...  V,  li.j  .uilK'X  d 


>f "  -i.r;''. 


V/,y/' y' Pout  L'OKiKXT/// //'    //'./■///,>  ^    ^>,///,/^n/  /// 


it'"*'   '■  -« 


l;  ?• 


J'    h 


^M^' 


^^ri  '  .>^ 


//      //..// 


K-, 


f   B.>^ 


!i~--^\f^t 


T.f\ 


"Kr^-^: 


^  %>*-=.- 


•///• 


7 


///  / 


S'.MAL() 


/,•>   ////'_ 


/frnn'i 


^//y//. 


//^ 


/ 


/  f  /n/ifi  /// 


7 


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ri 


l'//ll/,    /til /I''/ 1///  . 


4 


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^1/  ///l/  Jl  // 


rriuii'F..i 

ilii'  (Incliv    to  tlir  ciovn  of  F'- 

■.uih  C'li.ir!'  s  \  111.     II  mi;  alk.il  liy  ilic inuirncr. 


F    R     A    N    C     r. 


l,v  1 


iinrc,  ijy  ncr  ni:irn.ip;i' 


ilhiirn. 


:x  y\ 


111  lllC  '.Mill 


Mcl 


I'liHf  :s  Us  IlKnll 


itu'  icpliu!.  ••  >.'•  11)1  h."  It  :■  lo  ;ii  ^  ll'  U  A  '  i.;.r 
I'vni.'  ai  .1  w DHi  cwji'liliil^?  I'lif  !)■.!',  ;  Ivv.i  iin.ilt 
ID  X.I',  in  ;!it.' ttMf  |i.;it,  :»PI'A  r  to  tik  1  riw'i  1  d  ,i 
i,i:ii-  ;  .i>  nvMoilivi'  ■!;  I  jpiT;,)!  li/,^  ilo  1(1  th  ||.i,i!i-i' 
till  ■;  ^  ]>r"  I 'liiii!  HI  'I'liil  I'Miliv  tiiL-  p  ik  ;  ..' d  w\ 
ir.  I'l-il  ,11,  h  lic-lii'ul  ii'iicli'O' ^  to  t!i  iVicf  wli.ieilR- 
l'(pMi  llaiui.  I  III-'  (livtis  i',;fv.i'y  ii.arow,  .iiul  ilii' 
li  ;ilf'  hi:;li. 

IJuO  1  a  I'  i".(v,,s  V'.i;;  'I't  t  '".  n,  ^cital  "n  tlif  lu.nli 
\u\  111  ;i  I  M'«ti.'Hiinui  i.dM-li.l'  or  li:irlir,ur,  will  h.^jMi- 
t  I  t!ic  ()>c;ui  ill  till-  livili  cxiu'iiK-  wtllfin  pin  iil  I'.ii; 
(  'r,  11  III  II  r.iiH!.'.  It  i  :  ■  U- ;  iic^  ilill.iu;  trnni  Si. 
1'  I  i!.  L>"iiioii"  I'-'ili  wiil,  rind  ;  ti'om  the  point 
n;- j.i  ni'Miturv  ut  C'liuput.  'riic  city  i'l  (ni;ill,  and 
til.' li.i'tidi.r.iiAv.  It  I- itctc'iukil  hyat.ill'c,  wliicii 
11  ii'iil^  (Ml  !r'"l..vc'ri  lUi'ptiiward'- till- lla.  .I'ld  u!ii  '■. 
I  11  iIk'  hiii'l  iKlf  IS  liiirounili'il  with  a  hro.ul  ditc'',  :uul 
Imi'iO  otl'tr  toitil'.c.iiiiKV'.  The  h.iilniur  l.ci  lKi..c.n 
ti'i  v'-iiy  ;ind  ilk- I'uliiii'h  lail  d  Ri'tnii',  rvM.',  v  in  h  i- 
n  lug',  a--  ^all  ilk'  liiv.  T'lcrc  v  (ntr  ag.>inii  tin.' 
( .i'Mi'  .;  tDWd",  wMt'h  iIcK  i\i  ili  '  i'!it:.iin  i'  ii'to  t!i.'  poii 
n,i  ili.i.t  (i ''-'.  The  li, II  I' Mir  is  cni  ■' iiPAlivil  witii-^iv 
IM  i|ii;uh,  I'.n  whiuliaii.' '  I'lh  !,.  vi'i.ii  u  irchoiKi.;,  lill.d 
\vih  all  loii-'  of  n.ival  \\  re.  T!k  i  luI  m  cmi^'IikI" 
l;i,.  ion-;  Inil  ihc  iiili.incc  nl  ii,  iallci.1  the  Cioiikt, 
(i;-  (lulkt  by  rt'.ili'ii  ot  its  inni'WiK'l-,  i''  cxcc'aling, 
('iliiiilt,  li-iaufi.'  ot'  certain  ro.lvS,  known  \\\  iIk' 
n.iuK-s  ol  Min'iiis,  I'llits,  and  Mint':ant,  th.'.t  li'iind  ; 
\\:iti'rat  high-; id'.'.  Tins  part,  thcril'  re,  i  tlk  nio''i.' 
ki'.iu'  I'.iK.u  lo.'  ihc  1'1'i'iK.i'  111  pf.  ol  wa",  tor  whiL'li 
it  I-;  ilic  oi'il',  ju'it  on  till  lido  the  M'-d.iei  r:iiK:'.:i : 
loil'.al  lik■lo■.■^n  i'  on  '  oi  the  graikl  niajiazines  of  the 
al  iiii.iltv  ol  Fran  e,  Totiliiii,  in  tlu'  NLditcnanean, 
1  eii"4  the  othei  ;  aO'l  in  this  li.irliour  the  g.>ai  It 
iiiinu.er  ot'the  l^'ienth  nav  ,  a  in  that  the  lliip.-.  o'' t!'.e 
j,ieaieU  burden,  w,iuer  .md  ai.  titled  on.  Naval  !t  'r.  ■ 
.Hid  provilion  loi  1  vcniv  laii  ot  men  ol  \\.ii  ww  I.  n-.e 
tini  s  l.iid  up  at  Hall;  and  lliips  ot  S.i  aiul  ^\•)  i',uns  an 
'  iiili  Iki.  ,  vvhkii  ni.ik  s  It  .1  pc.pii!  ii.i  a.  d  rie'i  p  .ue. 
'l'!;ei\  i'i  al«a\  -  a  llio  ig  ^.ii'i'ilon  in  V\:  i  :l...'.  I  .(.,\  .- 
XI V.  I  aiileil  an  arlcn.'.l  tu  be  built  lie'.e,  and  elLi'  l.llud 
a  111  nitiau'  .-V'.aden.y, 

Th  '  (io\ei'niiient  of  M.mni,  I'r.'inr,  and  the 
C' ii'.iy  ol  I -A\  At.,  ai'e  co.iip;  i '.d  in  'U.e.  M.ili:  i- 
|i  "i:vl  d  bv  l\rili',  'Ml  'he  i.'i'.i,  In  ri.ili'.n'-  uid  An- 
i"'i  tow.ud^  'he  \\\  !;,  b\  T.  uiaiiie  .'.'id  \ \nd  'ni'  i-  to- 
u  ,rd'.  til-  iouili,  and  bv  Noinnvidy  to  t'-e  r,  >rtli.  li 
IS  ,- Icasiue^  loii'j,  2")  broad,  trii'ttul  in  e^n,  ..  nu  , 
\M;  .d,  palhiie,  ii>;e.  and  contains  lomeii'  ii  u.  ik  .'iat  , 
t  I'l-Oone,  nuair'js  ot'  mar,  !e,  in'rei.il  w.iiii';-  I'^^e. 
1;    livers  are  the  Loire,  Sane,  M.une,  \\\\'\  \\  ;'e:i,'c. 

Muis,  the  eaiiital  oi  the  uh'ile  proi.  n,  e,  liiu.-.i.d  on 
t''.  river  .S:i!te,  is  a  very  ancii  nt  i.ity.  'l"!iei\'  .i  c  main 
e!io;e!i>'-  her.',  and  iillo  \  io|le,',e.  Hel  ire  ilie  r,  vo''.;- 
I'op,  M.ins  was  ilk  lee  ol  alMliop;  a'l.i  h.'r.-  .v.ie 
fev  i.il  loiiv.nt'  and  an  inferior  vou'ti  I  "Klicalure. 

M.iiennc,  a  t-nvn  ^^w  a  river  ol  the  lame  name,  v. as, 
be'u'e  the  reV'ihnicin,  a  dudiv  and  jv  eifie  beloniiins; 
I'l  the  duke  ol  Nki/.irine.  Is  h.is  kver.'.l  el.urclks, 
wi; ii  a  ;j,ranai\  ol  I  ill. 

l.a  Ftr:e  Bjrn.iid,  a  IniaMto'.Mi  mi  th.e  HiiilVe,  e^in- 
tain  a  lalUe,  ami  beKin^.'i.i  to  tiie  I'uke  ol  Rn.liileu 
b'.iore  the  r. vohii;on. 

Ci'ateau  (le  Loire,  o;i  the  Loir',  i-  finiecl  in  iiillory 
tor  hokliiii;  out  aL;a::ill  Heibnt  Canine,  ot  M.ins,  a 
)e\en  yea  IS  liei^e. 

Tint  part  of  this  povernninl  called  Ferihc  is 
boundi'don  iliee;'.ll  In  C'harirain  ,ind  Timerab,  on  the 
•alii  and  north  l)\  N'Mni.uHlv,  .i;id  on  the  loiith  In 
M.iieii'v,  l"ini,^  I J  kap,!'.  ri  len;;ili,  and  \\  in 
lit'  idi'i.  Tl'.e  ioii!it;  v  aliornd  in  i  .',1.1  ,  the  p.  coin. 
ila\,  hay,  mim  ral  walei^,  iron  mi'i     ,  .iiid  L\d-':". 

Moitii;tiie,  liiuiteil  n.'ar  tlie  boidirs  oi  N  rr'iik!*, 
ul  the  liMiuy,  ol  the  little  ii\cr  lluiint;,  is  ilic  largtli 


and  moll 
parol  hial 


popiil.Hm  .  ily  in  tin 


coin^iv.   T' err  are  tvw) 


eliunlies, 


.nd 


■Jh 


ere  is  l.fc 


a  L'taiuiry  for  h'.li,  a  inanif.ictoiy  of  vct\  co.iil    lim  ii 
lolh,  ]irop',  r  onh,   to  m  I'.e  f  .v.  ks,  which  the\    l',  nd  t.* 
I'.iri-. 

I)  1  :iiie,  4  kit;it;s  liiiuli  of  Mor'nt'ne,  is  funoi  5 
for  a  mnv  ral  Ipi  :i^  in  its  \ii.iiiiiy;  and  N'ogene  Ic- 
R'lliou,  on  liie  1  !'•  itie,  11  leaiMei  noithutfl  ol 
L'harires,  h.as  hv.'iil  ni;ir.u!  iclori.s,  partiailarly  ol 
krjes,  kni-c-,  ;>nd  liiun  i  loti'.s. 

At  l.i  'I'r^'.ppc  WIS  anlebraicd  a'bev  of  Ci''  r;i  iii 
m  .1'..-,  who  ,vcre  remarl,ali'e  tor  lie  aulKriiv  ol  their 
ni.innei'!  .Ill"  .inds  bet  m  ei  n  1 1  ic  c  •.  ics '  >l'  ,Se^  /, ,  >  I()nta'''ne, 
Nerniu'!,  ,sh1  L-a'l  ,  in  a  I'.r^c  vale  fun  ouidd  witli 
hillsan  I  :orel'.s,\vJ',i^li  keiii  deiiii^nulio  fide  it  from  the 
rcll  of  ihe  W'irld.  It  was  'oundeil  in  the  y^ar  1  140  1)\  a 
count  (  f  l\rciie.  But  ilk  monks  haviiv;,  in  p'ocefs  ot 
time,  fallen  iiito  a  gi'-lt  riiiiifncls  of  manners  and  dii- 
ciphiie,  a  very  Ib'ii't  rel'orm^ttion  was  introdiu  td  ip  thi'i 
lib.x  ill  ill.'  vear  1  Uhi^  by  Arimnd  John  Bouihilier  do 
R  11  e,  the  conim.indatory  iibbiit.  .S 'ine  paitJeu'.ars  ot" 
ll.  ir  inaiiner  ol  living:, an  !o'  the  uituritii.-, whiclilhey 
'oMC'iifed,  aic  ih'a    j  ocuealiy  deUribcd. 

"  1  F  re  If'cL^  th  •  ir '.in  to  \,lioni  indulgjnt  licav'n 

Til.  p.'eti  ills  g,it;  of  p,  i'.ii.ii.c  has  givui  ; 

\".  h  ',  I  1  n  llei'd  ler. ,  leJ  heiv'ns  iniplrin.',  breath, 

N   r  iiar  10  triumph  o'er  ei.rnal  deatli. 

For  this  w  '  llrivv ;  loiuj,  '.''er  morn  appears 

We  rife,  we  p  av,  we  I  'the  the  grounil  'aii'.i  tear-  j 

'I'lien  l;.ille  lo  lai'our,  dr.au  tlie  jiuind  fen. 

Or  br.ak  ti:*  un<;iMlcful  grounds  of  otluriiKn. 

T.  e  lUilkcdid  roots  we  gather  yield  usbread, 

T  he  iprin:!;"iir  b.Vi  r.'ii,e.aiHl  the  earth  our  bed. 

W  lieu  miilniglit  hour  to  new  ilevotion  calls. 

We  rife  with  awe,  .mil  1  leis  thofc  rvv'rend  u.ills, 

\\   lere  I'ain.s  ;mh1  maitvrs  ki'-'d  the  c!;,i!Viiiiig  I'-'i!. 

I)e:pi>'d  the  world,  and  i.lkd  on  tlieir  (i.id. 

I  .el  p:ide  unlock  ambition'-  fmguine  Ipring;, 

And  v\..iled  nations  eurfe  ilelpotk  kings; 

No  I'troii ',  aiaiin-'  this  1  .;-,e  retie.it  intell-  ; 

W  ^  l:\e  1:1  peace,  aikl  [le.ictiu!  link  to  imL 

Fleie  p.  .1.'  lei'-i   n  toil-  ou:  oiry  bell  ; 

H  re  mil.  d  votion  warms  each  huniblc  cell; 

I  Lie  ioniw.i!  lat;on  cle.ir-  tlie  clouded  .\e, 
F.v;  an  !>  :he  tool,  and  lifts  it  to  the  lk\'. 
KL.m  v,l.i'c,  dvartr.tnd,  my  limple  lliroud  1  ijrread, 
A''r'  n  I'..  |ii.  p.i'.e  my  l.ll  aiul  welcome  fnil. 
Here,  \\.-:^,  \\\\  liieiul,  ii-.y  plain  rough  collin  Hand;, 
I'rep'ir'd  ;\;i.'  ai.  ugft  I'V  iliefc  laboi.ous  hand-. 

II  e.i:.ii-  mv  ';  ;rii',  iliiv.s  v.iin  ihougliis  .iw.iy, 
Anel  lecoik.le  WiK  to  mv  kiikhed  I  lay." 

Tie  ( lovcrnnicnt  of  NouMANnv  ex'ends  from  call 
I  to  u.ll  (',■  le.uvaes,  and  hom  :v.)ith  to  lout'",  a  -out  _;c. 
1;  is  bound.d  on    the  lou'di    iy  Miine,  l'e;eh,',  ai;d 
I  Ueaii.e;   "illlie    noiih  by  tue  Biinlii  Channel;  on  the 
'  wii't  bv  B.i:t,'.i!\';   .i.i.l  on  ihe  e,::l  In  I'lellieoi  Fran,  e 
iiiil  I'leardv.     It  i    iiuittul  in  corn,  llL-i,  lump,  truir, 
aiul    |viihirage;  and    aboiiikF  1:1  wood,   coals,  cattle, 
nvkkler,  woiJ,   mi'.uial  w.iteis,  1:011,  C'  pp.r,  5ce.  The 
river- are  the  Meiiie,  Faiie,  And,  He,  Ride,  l)ivc,Lc/.oii, 
C.ireni  )ne,   Aiiie,  Ant  s,  ,\  iie,   Dionie,  fsc.  It  is  di- 
vided mil)  I'pper  and  l..,i'.'. -r,  in  whiji  the  principal 
pi. ices  aie  .b  follow  : 

Kou.n,  th  '  capital  of  the  province,  llands  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  Seine,  in  a  valley,  almoll  fun'oundeil 
'.".ith  I'iils,  22  leagiks  I'umi  I'.uii  to  the  north-well. 
Ronen  i-  ihe  fee  iii  an  :iiclibillu)p.  The  great  hall  ot 
the  pakice,  ilie  old  c.llle,  and  the  piincipal  claucli 
arc  noble  buikiiiii;'..  In  one  of  the  towers  ol  tlu  l.u.ei" 
is  a  b.ll  ol  an  en ormou  li/e,  called  Cieoigv  Amboiie. 
'Flic  bridge  o  b.iats  over  tlu  S..lnc'  1-  a  gre.u  iiei  l;'e, 
bull',  p...t  I  like  a  Iheet,  and  rilin ',  aiul  '  \m\.\  wiil» 
ihe  I  if.  B  liocs  other  to'ubs  of  gie.'.t  p.  ll.  ii-.  in  tl.e 
i  all.  ch.l,  1  ih.U  ot  J.'hndi  keol  IJetilo:^',  >li  1  uas  re- 
gem  I  t  Fi.uue  under  "Ui  king  I  lenrv  \  1.  The  tr.t.lo 
ol  ihisciiy  lb  vuy  co.ifkLra'Lile,  the  tide  oi  ik^od  idin," 

i'4 


'♦"M^'f 


iro       A  N'EW.  ROY  AT,,  and  AITUFXTIC  SYSTEM  of  I'N'IVr.RSAL  CEOGRAPHt. 


\<u 


tm 


''■\^ 


ii'- 


'•rtm 


l\  M 


t  'I'  •  I 


J'o  liis:,!i,  that  vt-n'  I'-ol  above  ;ootons  can  conu-  up  to 
it,  tho'.ii;li  it  istwdvi-  l.a'jju'S  irom  the  m  niMi  nt  t!ic 
,  rivvT.  Ill  till'  1  l.ici-  Aiix  Vi.iiix  is  a  ll.itii.'  ot  ilic  M  u  1 
of  Ork:»n  ,  kiuilinp  lufoii.-  Cli.irlcs  VII,  She  was 
Iniini  tnik.uh  hen- l>y  tlu-  En.'.l.lhin  i4.;i.  William  I. 
liiriianH\l  tlu-  Cciiuiucior,  <l;iil  luTf.  In  nii- ot  llio 
rii!Miih>  :iu  tcvcial  iiiiiKial  l|.nii.;'.  lliicai^'  in.inii- 
taCuiikS  ot  1  lo'li,  aiul  I'll  ot  \  iiriol.  In  (he  iir,  w  ilivilion 
of  I'laiuc,  Rouia  is  tlic  caj'ii.il  ul  tla'  dii'aiiimnt  .'l' 
Lower  Si  inc". 

Caiiil^hce  i^  a  I'lna!!  Init  p"puli>ii5  town  on  ilu-  S  ini', 
fevcn  liai>iits  1  ilou  Roiu'ii.  llin-  i.->  a  pieiiy  j^  'oil 
trade  l^y  h:\,  .iiul  a  inanutartory  of  liat--. 

At  St.  Vakii.  a  tVa-p  >rt  town  on  the  iliannci,  t'lc- 
inhabitants  m  inii'.u'hiic  ibnic  wonllfn  and  liniii  Hulls 
trade  alvvijj;  the  loali,  and  llnd  (hips  to  the  h.iiinijaiiu 
tOil  tillierics. 

Auniak-  has  a  nianufai'lory  ot  lergcs  and  coark-  wool- 

Di.ppe  is  a  noted  lea-i'ort  town  on  tlic  Ihoro  of  the 
Briulli  Sea,  at  thcdillin.e  ot    lo  leagues  from  Rouen 
to  the  .".ortli.'nd  !.(.troni  I  Iavr.-ik'-(  iracc  to  the  north - 
calk      It  is  liiiiatvd   on  an  even  gioiind   intw^en   two 
mountains  or  rock',  at  the  ni  \iiii  oi  the  river  Iktune, 
called,  at  I)i.  j-'pe,  thcrivi  r  ol  Argius,  kceaule  ii  waii  is 
the  ruiiisof  that  litv.     Thi-  liv.r,  ialllng  into  the  fa, 
makes  the   harbour.     I:i    tonitkd   with  bulisaiks  to 
t:'.e  lea,  with  at'ortriCs  at  t!:.-  tnburbi ailed  I'ollet,  and 
a  calUe,  which,  togcth.r  v,  ith  the  craj»^v   luountain'!. 
that  lie  on  the  I'outh,  render  it  a  place  "t  lliengili;  and 
Si  lljch  it  was  eholVn  In  kni'j:  H.-nry  IV.  tor  hi^  head- 
quarters,  wIk'ii  hj  was  (-]>'.ioled  bv  il-.t  lea;j;ik-  at  his  ac- 
lefTion  to  the  crown,     Tlietown  is  wiU  Inr.lt,  aiul  in- 
habited bv  l'ca-farin<:,  men ;  m  chanics,  that  make  cu- 
riiius  works  in  ivory;  and  mei  hant-  who  drive  a  eon- 
fiderabie  trade  to  foreign  part'-,     Tlie  liaven  is  narrow, 
but  very  Ions,  and  can  r>.tuve  ikipsot  i;r.at  huritien-, 
but,  liy  real  n  of  its  nirrownefs  ofdilktult  acecf  .  T\\.i 
town  has  been  nUcn  taken  and  reiaken  in  the  wars  be- 
tween ti;e  Knohlli  :!:mI  the  k'rcni  h.      In  the  year  i6>;4it 
wa=  a!m  ill  toial!v  ilellrjveil  by  boni!>s  that   were  llioi 
into  it  irom  tlic  jvighlh  lle.t,  coiiunan.kd  In  the  I.Td 
B-rkelcy;  but  tluv  have  repaired  ii   linee.     The  ■  hiel 
trade  here  eonlills  in  herrin,','^,  whiiing'-,  mackerel,  .uid 
cyders,  which  they  lijll  in  the  n- i.'hbouriiig  provmce-., 
togf'  erwilh  ivory  woiks,  and  laces  nuule  here.  There 
is  alio  a  manufaet ory  wi'ere  thcv  mike  tui):uco-rolls. 
The  packet  boat-  tVom  H.i  ;ht!ielndk)ii  fail  toiii.^port, 
I'orge-,  near  Anilelte,  i-  lamous  loi  it-  mineral  wa- 
ters 

Evr^ux  i-  anar'ci  nt  i  ily  aiul  ha-  a  conlideia'jle  trade 
in  linen,  wo  ill  n,  iVrge,  and  corn.  It  i- tlie  iVc  ot  a 
bilh.ip.  Here  i"^  ihe  hiper'o  caftle  o:  Navaiie.  In  tlie 
new  divilion  e)f  Fiance,  Evr.-ux  is  the  thiet  town  in  the 
departir.cnt  of  luire. 

Elbail,  a  little  :(nvn,  litu.ited  on  the  Seine,  i»  noted 
fur  a  manufactory  ot  line  cloih  and  larpeis. 

At  Lifieux,  aiownon  the  conllux  of  ihe  Oi'occanel 
Galley,  are  teveral  maniitaclones  of  linen  and  wa>olkn 
ibiffs.  Before  the  revolution  it  was  the  tee  ul  a  billiop, 
who  was  fliktl  count  ot  Lifieux. 

Honfleiir  is  a  pojuilous  town  at  the  moi.'tli  of  the 
Seine.  They  make  here  a  great  (|uantiiv  of  lace;  and 
fenet  Ihips  to  Newt'oundland,  and  ih.e  Freiieii  eoloiues 
in  .'\n-.eiica.  The  haibour  is  well  defended,  and  will 
admit  Hups  of  three  or  four  hundred  tons. 

Caen  is  fiiuatcd  at  the  conflux  of  the  Ornc  and 
Odon.  Here  are  a  caflle,  an  univertity.an  acadcmv  of 
fcienccs,  and  many  ch.irehes.  In  the  new  divilion  of 
Iranre,  Caen  is  th.e  ihief  tov;n  in  the  department  of 
Calvados.  It  is  a  ])lace  of  good  trade.  ^Vdhaln  the 
Con(]ueror  was  inteirrd  in  the  abliey  of  Si.  Stephen 
in  this  city,  which  he  had  f)unded. 

Bayeu\,  an  an>  lent  citv,  liiuatedon  the  river  Aure, 
IS  the  lee  of  a  bilhop,  and  contains  teveral  churches. 
It  is  a  neat  town  ot  good  trade,  and  has  a  caRle,  i 

Coutances,   two  leagues  from  the  lea,  is  the  capital  1 
of  a  territory  called  Lc  Couiantin,  and  the  fee  of  a  bi- 


I'  fltop,     I  ler.  i^aiollpe.  fomc  Roman  icmains,  .nquf. 

du:ts,  kc.     The  houle-  here  beai  all  I  he  marks  of  an. 

tiijuiiv  in  their  lliueture  and  lalle,  wluth  is  lude  to  a 

I    great  de.',ree.     On  tlu  lumniitotthe  hill,  iiithccentre 

of  the  town.  Hands  the  I. Lthedial.     There  i'-at',r.iiffi]iie 

I    appearance  fpread  over  the  wiio'e;  and  the  fmtaiiie 

i    ornaniems  of  (lothic    building  arc    miiigl.il   wit!i  ,i 

I    wondrous  iklieacy  and  i  Icgane  in  many   ol   it^  pan  . 

]i  IVijiiiCherburg  to  VologneMs  inountainou  .md  heal',''; 

but  111  general  ilie  louiiiry  is  interi.irto  no  pait  ot  ih,; 

norihif  I'.uropc,     k'liieacihviiie  ,cl>!hed  withw(ii>d, 

and   iicli  valhes,  ccnern.!  with  liai  vdts,  torm  a   nv  d 

pkafing  Icene.     In  the   new  divilion  of  I-Vante,  Coi;- 

tan.es  i- the   clii.  t    town    in   the   department    ol   Li 

Main  he. 

Ciieiburg,  14  leagues  north  of  C"Utanes,  lias  i 
imall  commoilioib  harliour,  and.  In  the  flowing  of  the 
wav",  IS  every  tide  almoll  lurr  lunded  by  the  lia. 
This  town  was  taken  by  the  l-'.nglilb  m  1  7,8,  andtiu- 
fortitjcatiuns  de:iiolillie.i ;  ami  one  of  the  arii>  ie>-  at  the 
conclufion  of  the  war  Itipulateil  th.at  the  lorlificationj 
(liouid  not  be  carried  on.  Lewis  XVI.  howev.r, 
duiiiigihe  Ameriean  war,  agiin  carried  in  the  foriili- 
lations,  anil  was  at  an  immenle  expence  in  eneiiiig 
piers,  and  lontlrue'ting  a  noii'e  lialiiii  I  r  reeeiving 
ihi]  s  of  war.  Near  here  is  a  famous  giafs  luanut.u - 
tory. 

Mortain  is  a  little  te.wn  on  the  river  I.anees.  Ste- 
phen, king  of  England,  was  firtl  carl  of  Mortain,  and 
attcrwarils  of  Boulogne,   bv  m:'.rriage. 

At  Alenvon  a  town  on  the  Sai;e,  are  manuf.ctories 
ot  vel'ums  and  linen-clotiis,  with  a  tair,  and  a  brid_;,v- 
over  the  Sarte, 

Fakdle  is  a  liiiall  town  on  the  Ante,  in  which,  and 
adjacent  villages,  are  niaiiukielories  01  linen,  l.ice-,  and 
wujlkn  llutrs." 

In  Argentan,  a  town  on  the  Oron,  arc  leveral 
churJie-,  and  manufail'tories  of  tine  Iniii  and  tlufl'-. 

Carentan,  fix  1.  agues  ncith.-t  all  of  Coutances,  and 
three  fiom  the  tea,  i-  liiuated  on  a  rivulei,  b\  wl.icli 
l:nali  val'tls  can  lome  up  at  hi^:h  water.  The  towa 
;s  imall,  i  ul  the  ruins  ot  the  caille  are  i'eaui  tul.  k 
was  cekbrated  in  tlie  civil  wars  under  Charles  IX.  anil 
ri  thole-  of  (he  leijue,  which  followeil  in  the  reigns  of 
Henry  III.  and  1\'.  The  arihiteCtuie  ot  the  great 
eliuuh  is  cleg  UK,  it  having  been  ciicled  in  tlic  1  ^tli 
century,  when  tlie  G^ithic  llmaures  had  almoll  aitaiiuil 
lo  their  higheli  [H'iiit  "i  be.iutyand  peifction.  There 
1^  n"i!\ing  III  lie.-  itiiide  winch  nv.riis  attention,  except 
a.n  altar,  and  a  pa;n;ing  dedicated  to  St.  Cciilia.  The 
laint  appears  to  be  playing  on  a  tort  of  har|illcoid,  her 
lingers  linking  negiigentlv  iiit  >  the  key-.  A  blue  man- 
tle, lo  Illy  I.Li.kled  over  h.r  ilvnikle'',  cxpolc-  jiart  of 
her  neck  to  view,  and  her  fair  li.iir  floats  down  her 
ba^k.  The  pup.k  ■  f  her  evis  are  thrown  up  to  heaven 
in  a  tine  phren/,\  of  iiuilital  enthuliafm. 

M /iit  St.  iMh  hael  I,- a  liiiletown,  with  a  caille, 
built  on  aiOek  in  tl.eir.idll  ot  a  landy  ihoic,  which,  at 
liigh-warer,  is  overflowed.  Here'  is  an  abiey  which 
waiiormerly  much  rel(<rted  to  by  pilgrims.  As  this 
pla.  e  IS  ot  a  I'nguiar  nature,  we  (liall  give  the  followini» 
ample  and  enieii.iiiiini',  lieUripti'.n  01  it,  in  the  woidn 
of  an  inj,enious  traveikr,  who  wrote  prior  to  the  FVeiiih 
revolution. 

"  This  cxtraordinarv  roek  (tor  it  is  no  more)  nfes 
in  the  middie  ot  the  t)ay  of  Avranches.  Nature  has 
lomplei.ly  fortified  one  fide  by  its  craggy  and  almofl 
(jcrpendkular  delient,  which  renders  it  impracticable 
lor  Courage  or  adilrefs,  however  conltiinmate,  to  leak' 
or  mount  if.  Theother  parts  are  tunounded  by  walk  ; 
teni  ed  wiili  femihinar  towers  in  the  (iothic  manner; 
but  lutlicijiitl}  llrong,  lupevadded  :o  ilie  advaniag.s 
of  i:s  lim.tion,  to  delpile  all  atiaiks.  At  the  loot  of 
the  in  'uniain  begins  a  llreet  or  I.  wn,  w!  ich  winds 
round  us  bale  to  a  confideralile  lieiglit.  Above  aie 
(  hamlxrs  where  priloners  of  llaie  are  kept,  and  other 
building-  inteiided  for  refidenee;  and  on  the  lumnut 
is  creeled  tlic  abbey  i'dell,  oc-'ujiyiug  a  Jirodiiiioa:'  I  pace 


« 


r 


V  , 


lEOGRArny. 


I-  Rdhiiii  icin.iiiv  ,  M]\\f. 

Ihmi  all  {liiMJwik^  ol  .UN 

alUs  w!\)ili  is  iikle  to  a 

il  tlic  hill,  ill  thcttntio 

.     TlKTci^at',i.'ieri|iic 

''-■;  aiui  ilic  t'liitaiiic 

,  .irc   iiiiiigl.i!   wiih  ■! 

m  m.iny  ui    it-,  p.ii ;  . 

Mcunt.iiiiou  and  lifal!;'' ; 

ml.  rur  ti)  no  ]i:iii  ot  liu 

llll    ,  cl'i'llCll  \Mtll  Wood, 

i.iivclb,  toiin  a  nv  I'l 
li^  iiion  ut  I'Vanii',  Cui;- 
tlic   litjMriiiunt    ol   L,i 

[h  ot  C''4it.\n'X'S,  has  ,i 
I,  In  I  lie  llowmp;  ot  the 

loir  umdfd  by  llic  Ua. 
ng,lilli  111  17^8,  and  til.; 
ori'j  ol  ilic  arii.  1'^  al  the 
d  that  the  liiitilicationi 
Li.wis  X\'I.  houiwr, 
ill  larricd  i;n  ilif  loriili- 
iilc  i.xi>cncf  ill  I'luiiiii^ 
I'f    baloii  t-r   rciciviiiii; 

a  taiiioub  g'la:^  lu^uutai- 

I  the  river  LarivC?.     ."^tc- 
irll  tail  ot  Moitaiii,  and 

i.'.rri.igc. 

Sar;c,  arc  nianiif .oUiri^j 

Willi  a  lair,  and  a  bml  a- 

he  Ante,  in  wliitii,  a:id 
lories  01  liiun,  lact^^, .liid 

till-    Oron,    are   I'cvfral 
)t  tine  In  n  and  llutl'.-. 
'.-call  ot  C'  iu!ani.ts,  and 
Il  on  a    1  ivuki.   In   u'l.icll 
hi^li  water.     The  town 

caille  are  lieaui'tol.  It 
irs  under  Charles  IX.  and 
(ollinveil  in  llie  reigns  ot 
n  liiteiTtuie  ot  the  f^i.ac 
xcii  cii.v.tni  in  tilt  1  ,tli 
tores  h.v!  aliiioll  aitaiiud 
;  and  ptifction.  Tlitic 
nv.riis  .ittcntion,  eX(\|)t 
;ted  to  St.  Cceili.l.  The 
a  tort  of  har|)lltoid,  her 
•)  the  key~.  A  l)liie  tii.in- 
h  )uldcr,  txpol'es  pari  of 
x'u-  h.iir  llout  -  down  her 
are  thrown  up  to  hcaveii 
ithuli.irni. 

lie  town,  with  a  calllo, 
a  Tandy  thorc,  which,  at 
Here'  IS  an  abiey  which 
. I  liy  pil^riins.  As  this 
efliail  ;.'.ivc  ihc  foUowiiu^ 
ptiwii  (II  it,  in  the  uoid< 
ksrote  prior  to  the  Freiu  Ii 

(for  it  is  no  more)  nfes 
Xvranches.  Nature  has 
by  its  craggy  and  alniofl 
renders  it  inipracticalde 
■er  conluinmate,  to  leak' 
are  lurr'iundcd  by  wall-  ; 
in  tlic  (iothic  manner; 
dilcd.  to  tlic  advaniag.s 
attaiks.  At  the  loot  of 
t  or  I,  wn,  \vl  ich  winds 
ilile  liti!;'it.  Ai.ovc  aie 
Hate  are  kept,  and  other 
V.  ■.- ;  and  ou  the  tumiiut 
ijiyiiijj  a  jiroijiiiioa.-.  I|>.u  e 


I  '      ( 


/ 


lUNKKSv 


l/r.  ^//  >'<  HI  <  I  K,nw,\\\V\W  ffi//i.>/i,r/i/  ^hi/,i/.    //ii/imfy 


\ 


^/k-      ^r/fi</\^\\'.VVV,,///i/i</-l/rr///i,    ,/.      ^, /,//,/ //,/y  ///  ///,      ^1 /)l'//(riil  <J  ■   ^  Jil /n; 


,M>« 


r-:s^^_^ 


'^=*^^:-^?^- 


■  Vi,    ^r,'f./  llAVHKI)E<iHA<;iw^///'7<^/''vy/A>'_/    SrnH,rji,'i/ ai //ir .  ^10/,/i/r/t/  ,^ \  ^m/Nr 


rM.r/l,./.:.    f*.  .I.t  ■''■■'<'■  I    .  ..X.  .V,,  /•/.■ A//l'.l/- 


■  t 


niu)P 


!■     K     A     N    C     E. 


S6i 


of  I'lMutuI,  iiul  o  .1  lli\ni',i!i  :iiu!  f'lliilitr  tcp.il  to  it-> 
i'tii>rtii(His  li/c;  liiuv'  it  li.is  ll(i<><i  .ill  llonus,  m  this 
tl  vai'il  ami  y.pnlf  I  fmiation.Uiiiitiu  m.iiiv  i.  iituric^. 
I  IjiciU  tlu; '.vjuilc  .ilteriionii  in  tlif  (.lillui-ui  pirt''  ol 
tin-,  id  (iic ;  .mil  :is  tin-  S  ut-,  \\lio  i  imiiicii'il  me 
tluo'i  '.\\  ill.  ill,  tmi'"l  111-  t'HiM  no!  (>i  'tilv  n\\  i  iiii'iiity 
I'l"  iiiiiui!!  I"  t  I"-'  I*-''  ""  :i;iiiuiKrii  (O  ili.'.iiili.T  un- 
liiii. 

"  'I'hc  .S.ll>-  i!e  (.'!•  amIiiI'-,  or  Kni;ilils  lliil,  iv- 
i;>;','.l.il  in.'  i<!  i'.;.v:  it  M '.litrhi/.n/,  in  |*>i|iiii  l',iifii;i. 
It  IS  a;ii  liv  ipii  iiinv,  I  1.1  111  1.-  I;.i;l(aii>us  ami  iiiilc, 
b.iat:'  ''Mil'.' iun  lid  v  .1  ■  |iiii)r  in  lU  crictinn.  lliic 
ilii' knijiiis  ii;  S..  Ml  li.u'l  uioi  ti  miciI  in  tulciiin 
ii>,iV''tali'iii  "II  Kiii'Dit.inl  iir.,a(i')M-,  Thy  wire  tlic 
<!' 1.  tl^!l^^  iml  uuaiiiiui.s  i)t  the  iii'umt.iiii  .iiul  .ilii  i'\ ,  .is 
iliiiii-  ol  il.,  tuiipl, ,  ami  "l  St.  j.iliii  111  J.  nil.iliiu.v.iii- 
iii!\i  li ''v  ii|  nil  lire.  At  iMii- iiul  is  a  paiiiiiii(»  ol  liic 
ani;..ii  .  ,  ti..- piiroii  ol  tli.iroul  r:  anil  in  ilih  liali 
l.twi  .\l.  liiil  iiilliuiiiil,  an'l  invclh-il  wiili  ilic  in- 
li^iii.iiN  1.1  i^litl  ood,  the  LlifvaliCiM't  ilicu"!  yi  St. 
Ml.,  h.v'. 

"  W  e  pallfil  nil  iliii'ii^li  kveial  Icirer  rooms  into  a 
1  iij',  |i.ill.i'^e,  on  one  lid  ul  wliuii  ilu  .S\Mr^  oprn-d  a 
dooi,  ind  iliroui;li  a  n..iiow  I  iiiiaiu\,  ncrteci;.  iliik, 
he  led  nil,  In-  a  lii'i'oiul  iloor,  into  an  .ipannient.  oi 
til, Hi;' on,  M.r  ii  i.itl.ir  PRiUi  il  ilu'  laittr  tiian  tii.  (or- 
iiRM  apiH-llaiioM,)  111  ihe  miiKile  ot  wliiili  ll  od  a  i  .u'l-, 
li  wa^  loiupoled  ot  j.iodiui  HI-  uiioiKn  liar-;  ami  the 
wiikei,  vvhiih  adiiuttid  into  ii,w.is  ten  or  i\vel\c  inelies 
tiller.  I  wont  into  the  intiik.  The  Ipace  it  lonipiiled 
wa-  about  twilve  oi  loiiiteen  leet  lipiarc;  and  it  iiii  ;iit 
lie  iK.iily  Iv.iiiiy  in  liei<;hi.  This  wa'-  tlic  al)  de  ot 
in.iiiv  1 11, 1 1  .en  I  \  u  iini-.  in  lori'ier  ages,\vhoL-  names  .uid 
iniUiies  arc  now  olijit.-n'leil  and  li)ii;otten. 

"  '1  her.  was  (laid  m\  i  •nuliK'or;  tow. .ids  the  latiir 
( nd  o!  the  I  111.  (.ntiiry,  a  leitaiii  iKws-wnii-r  in  I  lo|- 
laiid,  who  hail  pielunie  1  I  >  punt  ioiiie  vei\  leMi.' 
r.ir.  .-iltii  rrlleclions  on  Madame  de  Mainicnon,  and 
I  .1  wi~  Xl\'.  Some  n.oiuhs  aftrr  he  w.is  iiidiiied,  liy 
a  perloii  len!  exi'ieliK  loi  thai  piirpole,  to  niake  ,i  i.air 
inio  I'lench  Manders.  I'iitinllant  he  had  quitt.d  the 
Diiiih  lerriloriei  he  w.is  put  undir  anxll,  and  imnu- 
iliatcly,  l»  his  iiiaiellv'Mxpiel^  tonim.ind,  condiK'ied 
If)  tins  place,  Tluy  iluit  liim  up  in  tJM^  lai'e.  Here 
Ik  lived  ii[iw  irds  ol  .;  ve.'.r^;  and  lure  he,  at  length, 
i..\|iiuil,  l)u.  ■"'i.the  long  ni-lus  ot  winter  (tonimiied 
the  iiian)  iiu  eandle  or  hie  wa-. -illuwed  him.  1  le  w.l^ 
not  permitted  to  have  any  liook.  He  l.iw  no  human 
taei  t.xie'i't  th.  lailor,  who  laiiu  onee  ever^  il.iv  to 
pnl'ei.t  liim,  thioii^h  a  hole  in  the  whU-t,  his  htile 
porii'.n  ot  Ine.id  .mil  wine.  No  inllriiiiKiu  was  giv.  n 
liim  with  wliiih  he  loulil  dillroy  hiinrell  ;  hut  he 
loiiiid  mean-,  .u  length  to  draw  out  a  nailtiomthewiiod. 
w  111)  '.ihitli  he  eiit  or  engraved, on  the  harsot  his  eage, 
lertain  f]  urs-ll.■-li^,  and  ;iimorial  liiaiings,  wl  leh 
toiUR  I  his  onl\  cmploviffent  .mil  reere.ilioii.  Theli- 
I  l.iw,  aid  thiy  .re,  imlctil,  very  einioiilh,  j.wl'iim.d 
\.  i[h  I  1  ri'.de  a  i.iol. 

'■  It  i^  n  nv  li't.eii  '.ears  (laid  the  Swifa)  fiiKf  a  gen- 
ii, man  ttrmin.iied  Ih^davs  in  that  lai'e.  It  was  Iv.iore 
I  eaille  torelide  lure.  EJut  thai  is.ine  milante  within 
iii\  own  itii  nuiry.  Moniiem  ik  !■  ■ ,  a  perl.in  of 
lank,  was  eoiidiuted  here  by  eommaml  of  the  king. 
1-Ie  icmained  three  years  lluiC  up  in  it,  I  fed  liim 
nuhlt  e\erv  day;  but  he  wa^  allowed  be  .K^  anil  c.m- 
liL  to  alleviate  his  niilery;  and  at  !i  ngili  the  abbot, 
loiiihed  with  his  deplorable  lalamities,  requelled  and 
obiaineil  the  royal  paiilon.   He  w.as  let  free  accordingly. 

'*  The  liibtcrranean  ihamber'-  (.iddtd  he)  in  tin-, 
mountain  are  lo  nuinerou'^,  that  we  know  them  not 
ourlelves.  There  are  icrt.iin  dungeons,  called  Oub- 
lutics,  into  which  they  were  .ici  ullomed  ant  leiulv  to 
let  ilowu  maletactois  guilty  ot  v.  ry  heinous  crime^. 
The\  provided  them  wiih  a  lo;if  ot  bread  and  a  botile 
ot  wine,  and  then  ihev  were  totally  forgoiien,  and  lelt 
toperith  l)v  hunger  in  the  dark  vaults  ot  tiie  rock.  Th;- 
punilhmcnt  h.as  not,  however,  been  iiillicteil  by  any 
king  in  the  fill  or  preieiic  ccmury. 
No.  ;y. 


"  We  tontiiiurd  our  iirogrels  through  th.  :tb!Ky. 
He  led  mi  inio  ailiamber,  in  oiu  mriii  r  ol  wh'eh  vtAi 
a  k in.  1  of  window.  Betwi  en  thi.  and  ill.' w  ill  ot  rlic 
building  wa-.  a  \erv  di  ip  Ipa.e,  or  hollow,  of  ne.ii  an 
hiindied  teei  ,"  rpeiidi'  ulai ;  and  at  lioituiii  wa-  another 
window  op  niiig  lo  the  lla.  Il  i^  calltd  the  Hole  of 
M  ii.tgonii  II.  Ih  hillorv  ot  it  i^  this.  In  the  y^  ai 
1  ;59  II  nr\  Ii.  kin;;  o;  Iraiuc,  w.is  uiilortunately 
I.dled  at  a  lournaitient  Ix  the  count  iK  Montgoiucii. 
It  wa  1 1.1  iireii'lcd  on  that  noil  m.in'i  pan  ;  and  he 
WIS  toned  iuntrar\  to  lii^  im  lination,  to  pudi  the 
l.uue  agaiiitt  hi-,  lovereign,  by  Ivs  expr^  li  commaiul. 
He  was  a  Hiigonol;  and  having  leaped  the  iv.'.fiitcrc 
of  i'.iii-  and  C'lligiio,  made  he.i.l  ag.iini!  the  royal 
lor.f^  111  Noiiiiamly,  (i.pi'oried  by  onr  Kh/.abi  th  witli 
.irms  and  monev.  Hung  dnviii  troiu  Irs  torirtilcs  in 
thole  pans  her.  iired  lo.i  rock,  c.lkil  the  ronibt  lainc. 
lliis  IS  another  liniilar  to  the  "  Mom  ijt.  Miihacl," 
only  thr.e  ciiiarier  ot  a  league  dill.int  honi  it,  and  of 
nearly  ujual  ilimenlions  At  that  liiiu  there  was  a 
caltlc  on  it,aturwarik  ih  niohllied,  ..ml  of  which  liava; 
any  veilige-.  ii'  w  leinaiii,  I'luiii  this  fallniln,  (>nlv 
acc'.riible  at  low  tides  he  cintliieilt;  n.ude  excurlions 
.md  annoyed  the  enemy,  v.ho  nevei  li.u-td  to  atti'-k 
him.  Ileiointil  moiK\,  laid  all  I'le  ad la' ent  country 
uiuhr  loniiiliution,  and  ren.lered  lumKll  univerl'illv 
die.idei!.  Deliroiis,  however,  to  fiiipii/.e  the  ♦•  Mint. 
St,  Muhiil,"  l.c  loiiiid  mean>  to  engage  ote.- of  the 
monks  letiiknt  in  the  abbey,  who  promiied  to  give  him 
tlu-  llgnal  tor  his  cnterpri/..',  by  dilplaying  a  liandker- 
thiei,  Th-  trea  herons  monk  having  nude  ihe  lignal, 
betrayed  hini,  and  armed  all  lii'>  .'.irociatcs  who  waiieil 
M.intgomiri's  airie.'.l.  The  ehiett.m  came,  .UUiiikil 
by  litty  iholin  loldier^,  delpeiate,  and  c.ij)ablc  "f  any 
attempt.  'I'hey  i  rolled  the  land,  and  liavaig  pl.ieecl 
•heir  lealing  ladders,  mounted  one  by  one:  as  thvjr 

me  to  the  lop,  th  y  were  dilpiii  lied  .ach  in  turn, 
wiihoui  n'lilc.  Monigomeii,  who  followed  lall,  ac 
length  dill (jveieil  the  perlidy.  .md  clcapi  1  with  only 
two  oi  his  men,  with  whom  he  reg.uned  the  '■  Tom- 
belaine."  Tli'.y  |iuler\e,  with  gre.it  care,  the  l.idderi 
and  '.japphiig  irons  iilul  on  tin- mcalion.  The  Liiml: 
himlell  was  at  l.ilt  lielieged,  and  taken  pr  tbncr,  by  the 
M.irckhal  lie  Maiignvin,  in  1574,  al  Doinfront,  in 
Normandy;  and  Ciiherinc  of  Mniiei  ,  who  dftelietl 
him  lor  hi  h.iving  iien,  though  inn'  cenib,  the  caulij 
ol  her  hulband's  death,  ordered  liun  to  be  immediately 
eMcni.d. 

•'  111.-  ihureli  iilell  detained  nie  a  long  time,  anil 
1  matter  1  t  hi^ii  cunolity.  It  rtlls  on  nine  pillars  of 
mol!  eiii  rr.iou-  dimenlions  which  ikind  u|)on  the  liilid 
lock.  I  i\:i.\  Hot  me.ilur^  th  ;n;  but  as  tar  as  tlio 
gloomiiii !,  ol  the  place  w./ukl  admit,  I  appuhcnd  t'  at 
e.ieh  ol  them  mull  be  tive-andiv.ei:: '  leet  in  cir  u;n- 
iercnce.  Belidesth.l'e  th-.ie  .ire  two  .nher-,  of  modi 
mte.ior  liz.'.  wliidi  lupp''it  the  caiter  01  tie  church, 
over  which  is  the  lo^Mr,  It  ilie  prodigious  iiuumbwit 
weight  be  lonliikr.d,  aril  tin-  n.ituie  of  its  litu.iiion, 
nothing  lets  niall\  could  lull. ini  the  eiiiiiee.  Tli'.v  I'e.ni 
as  i:  tieligmd  to  oiiiiive  the  i.ivagis  ot  nine,  and  the 
coiivullions  ot  nature.  The  l-.nkling  was  begun  \n 
966,  when  Riiliard,  the  leeoml  duke  of  N  irmandy, 
i'l-gan  to  erc'i  ilie  abl-ev.  Il  was  compleat^d  about: 
the  year  1070,  under  Willi. nil  iheCoiiquir  r;  thougli 
many  other  adi'itions  were  made  b\  luiCLeilmg  abbots. 

'-  The  tre.iliny  is  ei  iwded  with  ulus  innu  lerabk-, 
among  vvliii  h  tome  lew  h.ave  a  re.il  and  inirmlic  v.iliie. 
There  is  a  line  head  of  Charles  VI.  of  l''r,anee,  cut  in 
crylkil,  which  ilrew  my  atteiui  in,  Tiicv  have  got 
(I  know  not  b\  what  means)  an  .irm  o!'  Ruwar.l  tlvj 
Conletl'or;  and  they  lliewed  nic  another  of  '•  St. 
Richard,  king  olF.ngiand."  Who  this  I  unt  and  prince 
was,  I  conkis,  is  bevond  my  comprelKnliin.  lam 
lure  they  I ould  not  term  Riv  hard  I.  lo,  unle:-.  Ins  i  nicl- 
t\  againll  Saladine  vvi[ied  oui  all  his  tins,  and  canoniz- 
ed him.  Richard  II.  has  no  belter  pretcnUons  to 
laiKtity.  I  do  not  ineinion  liim  who  icll  at  Hotworih: 
lo  that  who  this  royal  I'aiiu  w  is  I  imiii  leave  you  to 
10  1  ilnine. 


8C.i 


A  NT.W.  ROVAI..  AHP  ArTHF.NTIC  SYSTFAT  or  INIVT.RI^AL  (II'.OCRAI'I  rV. 


*  ,     *>  .i! 


m 


->\ , 


>'ll 


iVivirii".  A  |i)  ilic  iivii\ks  tlicv  know  notliin^;  ahnut 
ii  ;  I'lit  ill  V  were  p.Miiixc  lie  vv.i-.  .i  kinj;  di  l''.n(.'l:iiKl. 
An   cnuiino  »    onlil.n    voikl'. -lli -H,    wi lulling  ni.inv 

puMlul    ,    J!IVCI11'>    Rllll.llll,    llu-    ln'iul   llllkl-  I't    Niil- 

iii  u'llv,  \Jiin  li^  f.niiulcil  il\cal>l>iv ,  n  wuriliy  ii'iii.iiL 
T'le  un'Cliiiv.  cloillcrs  ami  i^lls  ot  tl\r  iniink«, 
h;ive  1 1'lti  m.ii»iiiti  eiit  ,iiul  Ip.ui  >ii'*;  hm  .'  \.ill  lum 
nt  lUiMKv  i^  w.iiiiiil  III  put  llif  vvliolc  in  n.|i,ir,  .iiul  ic- 
isilLitc  wli.uilu  laprtot;ige*li.iJiltt.vi.l.iiiil  ilituiuicil." 

Tlic  (io\t  rutin,  lit  lit  1 1  \VR  1  -i-i  ( iK  \cr,  fiilliiiiti-^ 
p. Ill  I't  I'pi"-'!  Ni'nu.iiulv . 

1  liMi-ili-(ii.uc,  a  lining  I'd  port  Imvii  ;it  [he 
rriiiiiili  ot  tlic  S-iiie,  Ii  li.-.i^iii.>.  well  111  Riiuiii,  i^  well 
liiiili,  llion^ly  Uuutleil,  ii.is  aiuACelleiit  Iriilmur,  aiul 
a  ciioii  iraili. 

Hailltiii,  (in  ihi  Li/anl,  eight  leagues  fioin  Mavit- 
<le-(ir,ie.,  lla^  lome  eoiieein  III  ilie  iiul  ami  hcrnn<. 
tilluiii>,  liv  iiKansiil  a  Iniill  liarboiir;  is  deleinlul  \>\ 
■I.  uul.e,  ami  i"iitain'  niaiuiij.inries  nt  i.miieil  Ifnilui. 
li.il-,  lae^s,  rerj;is,  Iiikiis,  woollen  tloilr,  iSce. 

The  G 'vernnieiit  ot Orlf  anois  ediiiill-  of  tl  vciv.l 
iliiinet-.  anil  i^  ImuiuLiI  on  t'u  n>  iih  l>v  Noimaiiilv , 
on  iIk  tali  liy  C'lian!pa>;iK  aiul  UumuiKh  ,  on  llie  luuth 
liy  Ni\einoi-  aiul  Berry,  ami  (>n  ili.  well  In-  Tuuraini 
and  Maine;  iiu  liiJini;  Oileanoi^  I'ropir,  Cliariram,  or 
B  ante  rropcr,  W  ii'leiiv  is,  Blailois  S  lay^iK-,  iJenioi-., 
reuli--  (i  'uct.  ami  G.itioMs  OiUaimis 

Oileanois  I'rojicr  aliuinuK  in  lattle,  ^anu-.  nr.il  liili; 
yicliiv  ^ain,  wine,  Iniit,  anel  wooil;  aiui  loutain  the 
fulliwiiii^  pi  ue.s: 

Oileiiis,  till' eapit:il,  not  on|\  t.t  Oileanol^.  Proper, 
but  ot  '.Iv:  •■\l-.olegi)Vcinnunt,  Ihiiids  on  the  n'Miiurii 
lank  <i;  the  Lone,  zn  U.il;ik>  louth  ^l  Paris  Over 
tlv  river  IS  a  tint'  tluni.  hruhj,!-,  Kailm  ■  into  a  liiiiurl' 
on  the  I'oiilh  lide  ot  the  ri\er.  it  is  o  t  ot  tlu  liri;j! 
cuie^  in  ih.' r>  I'uhlie.  and  vwis  loniv.  i.\  theeij>iial  ol 
TraiKe.  Iii.oiK.uii-a  univ;iiitv.  a  piiMu  lil]i.ir\,  ,i 
llatelv  (ioihi.  I  atl.rdi.il,  and  a  i'.n.v  luiiiii  er  ot  o.liti 
chiirilks,  a  p'..li'',  walk,  pl.uiit.l  w  tli  lev.  ral  ro'vsi  ! 
tret'-,  roiiif  h  :-.ir-ii.iute-,  a  iiiaiui  actoiy  ol  lloikm;^- 
ami  ilieep-fkii!s,  aiul  a  It'iuinan  .  It  eairii.^  on  a  ur.it 
trade  in  i'lar.dv,  wine,  Ipiis,  and  k\iiai  njanulai - 
lure'-,  «1  i.  h,  widi  many  other  t' unnioii-.tits,  ate  ton- 
veved  ti.  ni  Iciue  to  I'aii- ,  and  "tli- r  pl.i  ts,  \\  means 
ot  tic  Lone,  and  tiu  tan.il,  u.,itli  lakes  it^  name  Tom 
the    i;<. 

'llie  eluti'.s  p'.iil  hy  vtlieh  goinji  up  aivl  d.r.wi  :h 
f.m.il  amount  ,  m  l.iir.e  year  ,  to  i  ;;,o:o  hvrt'.  1 
is  a  lilViop's  lie.  On  llie  .Sih  ol  May,  14^0,  OrLan, 
then  tlo:;  iy  beliei;ed 
Jo.in  ol  All,  lumiu' 
and  the  :in!.ivei!.iry 
here.  To  y:ui\\ uiit 
ot  l<ra'.'s  w;'.s  trteiui  ' 
Ville  is  a  portrait  ol  ihe  l,.ni.  cxtraordinarv  uornan. 
It  was  done  in  tlu-  year  1  ,81,  aiid  is  the  oldill  extant. 
1  he  painter  Icenis  to  have  ilr..w'n  a  (latieiin;j;  rrleiii- 
blanet',  and  to  luvf  dsto!.,ted  !ier  wi;h  imac,iiiar\ 
clia;-m~.  Her  tat.-,  iliou:'li  long,  i>  o;  ex.eediii!', 
beauiv,  lu  ighttned  In  an  cxprellion  ot  int' lliofrueantl 
graivk-ui  rau-ly  unit.d.  Her  hair  tall  look  Iv  ilown 
lur  1  a  k.  She  wears  a  tort  ot  l-onntt  eniuhed  witii 
pea  Is,  .\:\i\  Ihaded  with  -".Inte  plumes,  tied  utah.r  her 
tlunvMiha  Ii  let.  Ahoiit  her  iicck  is  a  little  band; 
an  !  I  iwti  down  oniier  IjMl'oni  a  netklate,  eoii)])oled  ot 
liiiall  links.  Her  hahii  liis  di  ^le  to  the  bod\ ,  .md  is 
cut  or  flillied  .a  the  .nir.s  or  elbows.  Round  her  waill 
is  an  tml  loiileru!  niidle;  and  in  her  right  hand  Ihe 
wirlds  the  fword  with  wlinh  Ihe  expelled  ihf  enemies 
ot'  hi-r  tountiy.  In  the  new  diviiion  ol  Franee,  Or- 
lean    IS  thethiet  town  in  the  department  -jt  Loiiet. 

To  iIk  north  of  this  tity  is  a  toitll,  the  lari!,elt  in 
all  l-"i ante,  wliieh,  at  the  time  ot  the  revolution,  bc- 
lon;j'  (t  10  the  taimh-  cjI  Oile.m--,  haviii);  been  given  by 
i-e .MS  XI  v.  to  Ins  brother  Phihp.  (j.ings  ot  robbers 
JiiteUcd  the  (orcft  ia  dm  toriucr  periodi,  who,  when 


bv  the  I'.nulilh,  w  1 
:-.b   tall.d  tlu    .\la:< 

ot  tiiat  (U  li'.eiaiiee 
.-  ilu-    iiieiioi-}  o;  il  a 

n  the  i  'luLe.      In  ih 


leiievetl   hv 

ol   Oilean-'; 

is  Ihll   kel  t 

n  oiuimeiii 

H  -el  de 


taken,  were  broke  upon  the  vsluel.  The  new  codf  of 
uului.il  pioeee<lin^«,  ellal  hllied  In'  ilie  C'c»iiViiition, 
have  let  atide  iliele  exei  utu-m'..  'I'he  (ollowini;  .ii - 
louni  ot  ,1  rem  likable  one  ai  Oile.m-  (a-  relateil  I. van 
n(;niioii<«  trasJI.  O  mav  (eive  as  a  Ip.t  nun  ol  thole 
If.  ailliil  rpcs'taik"  in  (•i-mril. 

"  \\'lun  -.v.  tame  ID  Urlvans,  we  learnt  that  .1  iri- 
niiiial  w.is  •.<>  be  bioki  al.»e  at  el.vcii./'.  I.iek  th  it  even- 
in;;;  i-ind,  in  our  r.l!n"le^  ihro'iuh  the  (beeis  I  iw  the 
I'eatiold,  ssh.  el,  ;;n.i  prepirations  tif  the  fX.iUiMii. 
The  papers  ol  the  tondriiinatlon  were  lolil  as  I. ill  »lvin.r 
rpee.  h.s  arc  ..bout  the  (bests  ot  London.  Bv  on.  •  t 
th  le  I  1'.  rm,  thai  the  poor  wntili  w.is  ronvis'Uil  o! 
bel  nuni;.^  to  aiioop  ot  ilii' ves  that  iiitelle  I  the  tonll 
ol  Oile..i.  :  and  ot  loiveyiiv.',  them  \  r.iviii.ins,  amis, 
.iml  iieeelliiiies.  Il  was  in  this  elepul.ition  o|  piovid- 
111^  (or  his  eonipatiioiisthai  he  w.isrur[in/.ed  ami  t.-jki  n. 
He  had  I  niertd  the  uiv  ihl(;iiil.(l  as  a  p^'aiant,  anil, 
itiei  he  had  exd  ut-d  Ins  coiiiniiirion,  nii^ht  liave  n- 
lointd  them  in  L.tety,  had  h.  not  tik.n  it  into  In-  ju.ul 
to  bravi  the  p.ili.e  by  lommiitini;;  a  ilaiin;^  robberv , 
and  iiKre.ilini!,  the  lloifs  he  meant  to  ionvc\  to  them. 
But  his  unlueky  liar  was  in  the  zenith  ;  (or,  alter  hav- 
ing; robbeel  a  h  iile,  and  bound  every  perton  in  it.  1;  • 
was  leizid  as  he  was  tleciniping  with  his  lx)it\.  1 1  < 
tintcnee  was  to  have  the  i|u  Ibon  oohnarv  and  t  xti.i- 
oidinar\,  in  oidtr  tooiili_e  lum  to  dil'coverthe  hannti 
ot  Ins  eeinrades;  aiul  atttr>vaids  to  have,  as  th,  ttn- 
iencc  lan,  'His  aims,  lej^s  thi>.'hs,  aiul  niiis  broke 
alur  up 'n  a  isatl'oki,  to  be  er^ct  d  (or  that  purpo'.c, 
atthepla.eot  execution  l\liini;ini;  to  this  (it\,  and 
to  remain  on  a  wheel,  with  In  l.ice  turiuil  towauK  th.c 
heavens,  till  he  expiris.' 

"  When  the  time  ilrew  ne-ir  tor  i-i'  t-eni  -ndoii-.  I'.-n- 
teme  i,)be  exeuited,  I  w'.ilkul  out  wi:h  a  i^i-iukman, 
to  lie  lie  proe.  Ihoii  o|  the  iriminal.  miindinL^  to  re- 
turn a^  t()on  a'  the  borreaii  (or  ix  lul;  iiei )  was  about 
to  I  ei'in  his  oliice.  M\  tiiend'  111. 1  in  in  n  had  .il- 
ready  |ir.li.nied  a  piiiture  to  h:m  ii.iluently  li'iiid; 
and  .IS  he  had  no  inehnatinn  I-.)  lKi;Iii,M  it  with  iIut 
reahiv,  he  ll.ud  at  the  .mbeiiie.  I  lu  pl.uc  Jii  Mivtrci 
;s  a  lir;;"  fiaiare,  .  apab'c  ot  Ihildin;.:  a  vill  e.'n.ouii'e 
otp.i<|le.  ILwiVir,  1  touiiii  it  lilkil,  lhoiii;l'  not 
t!;!on..id,  with  m.il..s  and  IcinaK-s,  not  m.h'  ot'tlie  vul- 
'.iar  dais,  but  tome  in  emlioidsiv  ami  lilks.  They 
w.  re  w'.dki:!^  in  p.'.rtus  as  th  'Uidi  thev  only  eame  lo 
en:o\  iIr'  bsnsdi  oi  a;i  .nul  exeieil'e.  I  wa-.  ijiiite  liir- 
|-)i-izekt  10  lie  a  muliitu.lc  ot  v.iun  ■  ._;iil  ,  whole  d.li- 
eate  n-.rve«,  1  Ihould  h,.\.  i'lui;  ..il, would  have  bi-en 
1  ..'iiai.d  at .  ven  the  re.  it  d  i  I  hum  in  milen,  (lotkini^ 
'toll-,  the  exp.)i!i-.on  e>l  It,  .is  it    tluv  i.\[)ei'tesl  a  fiu 

J'ti'tifue. 
I  '■  I'l-.e  I'.art'o'.d  was  about  ;o  feet  liiuarc,  and  railid 
;  ;  'eet  ab 'V  ■  the  ".'round.  'I'he  llake,  that  I'uppori.d 
j  'i'le  I'  iner  ol  il,  appeared  thie-  (eel  ai'ovc  the  bonds, 
ind  had  a  lommon  wheel  o(  lour  ( -ct  iliameter,  lixeil 
I  bv  the  nave  on  it,  a>  on  11^  a.\|s.  We  weivex.imining 
1  tliis,  when  the  l.iricaii  bro.ight  l.ime  ropes,  and  a  iii- 
anguiar  b.ir  ot  iron,  the  inlbumeiu  ot  tenor.  As  I'oon 
a^  his  torch  was  lien  on  the  le  iil'ijd,  the  houles  arouml 
were  crowdeel  .it  the  wimhnv,.  with  Ipeetaiors  of  all 
ranks  and  denomination--.  So  m  ;  Iter  laine  the  <j,uards 
(-in  horleiiaik,  w  itii  the  criminal  in  a  carl.  He  was 
littid  out  by  the  borr'au,  liavins;  nothing  on  but  Wit. 
ihiri,  and  was  aitemlcd  by  two  monks,  with  toi-ches 
11. lining  in  their  h  imls.  I  then  attemiiitd  to  retire,  but 
.  r  iwd-  were  pislfing  on  nie  behind,  and  1  lound  it  iin- 
polfi;de,  without  dangei-  ot  beiirj;  irodd  n  to  de.ilh. 
The  p  lor  wretch  who  w.as  tol'tilhT  I  uiil;.iei!  to  be  about 
2y  or  ;o  years  ol  age.  1  le  ilid  not  wring  hi,  hands, 
or  fliew  any  m.iiks  ot  terror  and  contrition  in  tears  or 
tries;  but  looked  round  on  th- Ipe.'tators,  in  a  m.inner 
that  ha-  o'len,  1  am  p.rliiaded,  beentalkly  attributed 
to  unconcern,  and  a  hardened  he.iil.  But  it  I  might 
iiulge  by  his  countenanee,  thou_th  he  looked  louml,  ho 
l.)oked  at  nothing  :  his  llioii;j,hts  were  h  uiowed  u|>  ; 
and  that  vaiant  horror  which  ap])eared  in  his  e\-es, 
Iccincd    to  (hew  that  the   t.iculties  of  the   foul  llood 

alo.f 


iI,(K;R/\|'irY. 

lull.   Tiif  iii'w  iiuic .  r 

Kil  I'V  ihf  C'ohViiiti.iri, 
)i\..  Till'  liilliiwin^  .1  - 
)ili,m-  (i-  i.l.ital  l.\  ,\,i 
t  as  a  li'.c  null  o!  ihulc 

n»,  we  Icnrnf  iliui  .1  in- 
1 1,  ^en  ■.'.  I  Ilk  ill  ic  tVvT,. 
iM'.'Ji  till  (dtii',  I  n^  ilic 
Kii)>  t-r  i!ic  c\.>iitiiiii. 
11  w.rf  li>lil  ;i>  l.iU  dvm.', 

i)t    l..llluioll.        Bv  "Tt:     '  t 

ivutili  was   rniu^i'lril  i.t 
•  llMf  Mlkllt'l  (111'  im,  il 

',  ilicin  1  i..v!ii.  us,  aril-,', 

IS  lliptll.lllull    1. 1     jMOVnl- 

u.isliirpii/.cil  arul  C.ik(  r. 
inl.it  as  a  p.'ai.uit,  an.l, 
iiiii:rii>n,  mi^lii  h.\\\  u  - 
not  t  ik.ii  It  mill  111--  In  a;l 
;inii'.^  a  ilaiiii ',  r.>lili'n  , 
ram  to  i(iii\t\  to  iliiin. 
i-  /i-nii!i  ;  toi,  aitir  liav- 
1  CMTV  piTtoii  in  it,  ti- 
ll; uiili  his  l)oi>ty.  1 1  < 
ion  oiilmary  anil  i  xtra- 
ini  todiroivcrtlK-  liaiinn 
iil>  ti)  liavi-.  as  th,  li-ii- 
tliii.'liN  ami  ii-ii^  l>i,.kc 
LT.d  il  t.ir  that  purpoic, 
'ii<;i;it;  to  tliis  nti,  aii.l 
laci  tii.iuil  tuMaiii>  liic 

,r  for  !■!•  t'rni  ruloii.  I,  !i- 

(1  nut  ui;|i  a  liiiitkman, 
iinin.il.  MiiiihlinL';  to  k-- 
ir  ix  I  uti  iu.-i ")  was  alioiii; 
ml"    i;i-,i  ;inlli   n  h.ul  al- 

liiili    li.!in  ciitjv    h   iiiil  ; 

r.)  lui^l'.K  !i  it  Miili  ihi: 
p.  1  III  p!,;rc  ,in  Miirtroi 
lu>l.l,ii<:  a  vilt  i-.niDinlir 
111  it  lillal,  iliouni'  nut 
all's,  not  u.-.lv  lit  iju-  vu!- 
liiiilV  aiul  liiks.  Tiny 
Il  'Ui'li  thcv  only  lamc  Id 
li-ii-ili;.  i  iva--  ipiito  liir- 
\Mun,'  '^nl  ,  whol'i-   il.h- 

11;   ..I'.ni'uld  have  1  i-t-ii 

luiiu  111  mikn  ,    ll'ickuv.; 

It    iIkv   i-sps\lfj  a  f:i 

'o  f.i't  Uiiiari-,  and  railiil 
lie  llaki-,  iSat  liipjiorl-il 
c-  kit  al'ovc  tlic-  Ihiiii!-., 
tour  f  -CI  iiianu-tiT.  tixcd 
lis,  \\\-  ui'i'i.' examining 
It  liiiiif  ii)|)fs,  .111(1  a  tn- 
ilient  el  tfiror.  As  loon 
all'ijd,  tlr.-  hoiili^  armnul 
s,  Mith  lp.ctal(ir>  (if  all 
I  111  alicr  lamc  the-  i^uanN 
nal  in  a  can.  J-fc  wa^ 
ving  nothing  on  hut  hi'; 
wo  monks,  uitli  torclics 
aattcnipud  to  a-tirc,  but 
(hind,  and  1  lound  it  im- 
lu-inj;  ti-tiild  n  10  ik-.uh. 
iili'-r  1  judiifd  to  he  about 
id  nor  -.iiiiirr  hi.  hands 
ind  I'ontiition  in  tiars  or 
.•l|ic;lators,  in  a  manmr 
il,  hivn  la!kiy  amihuicd 
I  hciil.  But  it  1  niioht 
u^li  hi:  lookfd  Kuind,  Ik; 
ij,his  were  h allowed  u|)  ; 
,  Il  apjiiared  in  his  eve-:, 
;ultii-s  of  tin-  loul  llood 
ulo.if 


la'Roi-r.i 


I     R    A    N    C    F.. 


SOj 


alo  it  fioiii  ill    l)i)Jy,  even  hrtoic  the  luoiucni  of  ilu  ir 
linal  lip  II  It  ion. 

•'  \\  hi  II  till  rxcrutioiior  lia  I  lir<iinlit  him  lo  the 
midilk- ot  the  It  illold,  If  piin-cedd  t  >  Itrip  la-.  Ihiri 
fioin  111  a;lJU  diAii  to  ll  s  »v.i;ll,  .ilid  t!'  n  lo  hinil  hull 
to  a  iT'i--,  'N  It  appiiivil  to  111  .  Il  WIS  |)lain  wli.it 
illi't  th.  ii'Miiii"  III  ill'- i|ii  ill  III  t  Miaoidiii  I'V  luil,  IS 
iveiv  'I'liit  was  lovef'i)  m  h  ■  'ooij,  and  k  wn  iii- 
1  .ip.il.lc  III  v.a!'ii:i.^.  The  ii'icltion  1,  n  n  „l"  \v  the 
l.iiiit  ;  I  lit  '  V  thl^  I  ini..>;ini.*llui  In  h  it  oie'i  tu'.  iih''d 
(111  I  l)cd,  ml  li'ine  uf  \\,  vein-  and  Iij.iiv.m's  Ind 
liuill.  'Ill'  nil  i.l.s  no.v  h  |'_,m  m  tal'  to  li  1  .  ar  I  1  • 
r>  peit  I'liiu'  pi.i'sTs;  aiul  Ic  1:1  ato  1  m  '  ;,  '  'O  iim 
lu-'.vin  toliM'^,  I  liippoli',  .1  hvnin.  All  Mrs  (i  nc  1 1  u  •'\ 
.;i\klf  v;  lenil'.  a;vi.tied;  hov\,  I  1. 11, mil  iklli"  t;  nw 
I  iilitioii-  wite  liiih  as  |  nt'V.'i'  f  .'It  lieinrc.  I  i  ii  d 
mvlclt  III  ctiii'l  iiiiiolity,  and  whill!  lie  was '..n  ui; 
mule  anuthii  aliuiipt  lo  git  at  a  dilKin.  1,  .i-  I  wa 
<  I.  lie  to  I  111  I.  I'k)  (! ;  oM  iiV  oinpanioii  "  hi  iii''  1 1  'ii'o 
no' pal-i!.i  II  ik,a:.d  (T  ve  iiiea  |ihnl  ot  lu'i.  ■  t'liriiik 
wliie''  he  h.ul  taki.ii  the  |  11.  iiition  to  j  iii  inhisp  ik.t. 
Ini  ■ediitcly    a'*  the   in  nk     "i.iiril  ilur   Ijiks,  tli 


ho  re  111 


lU  'l-l      111)  I   !< 


bar   1 


iilk," 


I  Iii.'.'  «  I'  liretikiiift  i'lC  liiiil  ■,  iiiltUihaiia  i.iir.!;te, 
wiihout  a  iiiifji'.'  iiiiiiK  IV' 111  I  '.-  I' .oi  {iiiniiiil.  I  li 
hur.\b  '.  ie.isr.4pi.l  .s  he  euuid  Uriktf  them,  oni  (in  (  ai  li 
k)>,  ai.d  tai  h  III.  h,  lu.i  m  cai'li  aim,  and  two  1  n  the 
ribs.  H.'  di  11  ill.  I  fl-.c  luaiv.di'il  r.u  .ile  on  the  v.  Iicrl, 
\\h:  il  he  broij^^hi  torw.iiiis,  .uu!  plaC'd  Oil  the  toilitr 
llake,  i-hiili  1  memioiKil  .s  pi.i. nl  al ove  the  tialVu.d. 
I  Ice,  '.■  itli  I  I.  a'llll.urs,  he  folded  eai  h  limb,  lo  thai 
every  IraiMure  iipjiearedj  and  hoiiml  Iiui.  in  tlu'  maii- 
n  r  in  '.'.li  >  h  hi  .vis  to  be  .\poteil.  The  monk',  alie 
till,  '>i.f',.i:i  UM '.ik  ti)  111  11  aj^aiii;  and  what  furpr''/.cd 
me  IV  .  ,  that  '11;  iiirn  d  In  l.iad,  and  l.enicd  able  to 
a:;  '  d,  a"d  lo  .'i-twer.  Jn  tin-  liiuati.ai  I  thought, 
aciiiMl  1.^  to  iii  IciiUnie,  l,e\v.;sto  be  left  toliri;j,ei  nil 
lie  exjiired  tmiu  i';e  .in;',iiiili  o*  his  broken  liinl  - ;  bui 
tlie  1  liii'eau  liad  not  \fi  inewn  the  1  onip.iriionate  par! 
til  his  .line  ;  i.ir  fooii  alter  l-.e  brou^'lit  a  io;)e  ovsr  ilie 
tiii)iinir>  Iveall,  and  llraining  it,  put,  in  .1  mii.uu,  a 
peri'd  to  iiisliic  and  riilcn. 

"  I'hc  morning  we  kit  Orleans  we  fr.w  liim  ex- 
poUvl  uii  il.e  wheel,  ai  the  cntranec  o.  ;!'.  lorefl,  witli 
I  veil  '"r  eiL'Jit- uiil-iwenty  oihei-,  vviio  1' .d  undei- 
p  I  me  ill',  lame  puniiliiiieni.  This  ijaii  •-  xei  ut  ion  ol-.\  lite  l- 
I  I'.eVi  r  w,'.    heiore,  nor  ever  '.v  ill  1  le  ai'.ain.  .t  '.]  e.i.itor." 

H'.,ii'.^,i..iey  I-  a  town,  fuu.Ued  on  liie  l.oii  ,  lue; 
will  his  1  Itonc  bridge,  about  tour  lea;j;iic-  lelou  C)r- 
li'.iii'.  '111.  tuuiuil  who  liiviaeed  L.evii.  XI.  fi..iM 
lileaiior  iitiicb  of  (juiiiiiu,  who  w.is  alt.  rward  111. .i- 
r:  li  til  Fkiiry  II.  ol  EiiL:,lanil,  I. it  in  thi .  tii.vn;  in 
mIikIi  t!;£ri'  i-  nov,  a  maiiutaclorv  ot  leri.',e  ,  .iiul  oiinr 
vo  If  ■!  iKill's. 

In  the  duliiei  i-illed  .S  .logm-  are 

Romorcniiii,  the  lapital,  eiglii  l.agi't-- i.'rii  Hi  i-  to 
t!;i  I  )ii[!i.  Heu-  i-.  a  manut.ictor)  ol  li-H;e-  :uu'  wo  4- 
kii  .  ioiii. 

/\'iliii_;ny,  a  lilt!  ■  to'in  '-n  tlu   Wrrcs. 

Siil.i  ,   a  In. all  tmin  on  ili."  Ijilre. 

In  Chartrain,  01  Ikaii' e  Proper,  wliiih  is  14  leag.ufs 
ion!?,  and  11  broad,  tl.e  only  plaecof  n.ne  is  Chartrcs, 
I4l.ague<  froml'.iiis  to  the  loutli-v\ill,  and  1^  troiu 
Or'eans  t()  the  norih-wett.  It  llanils  on  the  l-'air.  ; 
and  eontains  levei.il  chundie--,  betides  th.-  catliedial. 
wliiih  h.as  a  very  high  and  handloine  lle-Mile.  Ii  i-  a 
billi'ip's  lee.  The  ihiel  trade  ot  I  ,is  tinvii  is  in  lorn. 
1  lie  ^rove  ot  ihiiids,  meiuumed  by  Julius  Cxfir,  w.i- 
ti!i  a  hill  near  this  town;  and  there  is  (hewn,  in  the  c.i- 
thedial,  a  well,  into  wliuh  aj^ieat  many  C'iuiilians 
weic  iluou'ii  [is  order  ot  the  Proeonttil  (Jueriniib.  In 
the  new  iliviiion  or  l-V.-Mue,  Ch.utiain  is  tiie  thief  town 
in  the  department  of  liuic  and  Loire. 

The  other  towns  o|  this  diib  id  are  Honneval,  N'o- 
<;enl  le  Roi  Gallardoii,  and  Maiiueiioii;  wliieh  lalf 
gave  the  title  of  Maithionels  to  Madame  l-'iam  es 
trAubigny,  milbefs  of  Lewis  XIV.  and  widow  of  the 
ctlcbiaicd  French  poet  Scanon. 


Dimois  u  bound. d  on  iheeall  by  Orlcanois,  on  the 
foiitk  by  Hl.iliiif,  011  the  well  by  Neiidoiiioi  ,  and  "ii 
ilic  noith  by  iht  l.e!lcr  I',  itlie.  It  is  about  n  L.ig'i  s 
111  liMi'.ih,  .;nd  livuioi  t   ;lit  in  bnailtli. 

T  ns  lounty  I- vi..uiLt|  by  I  ur  iivcis,  tin  I,  .i.e. 
llieComo\,  ill     iM'ie,  .i,,i!  Ilic  Unoe. 

Liiae  iii-Diiii  irilu  lapnaioi  line,  only  n'  Dunoi-,, 
I'ltv.iiO  1  an  ,Cliiii.e-,  K.ois,  ..m'.  '\\  i.(t'»nK ;  mnc 
k.ii',ue  dillari  koni  thi  ihii',  iiiil.ai'  "veil  .iota  tlie* 
fill.  It  n  .III  antient  cin,  in  v. '1 .  d  ti  i.(.  r-  a  tattle 
buili  by  tlic  foiuio  ut  Don  n.v,  i.u,..'  o,  1  .I'l'iucvlle. 
Intneiallii  is  .1  •  I  apel,  in  Alne  1  .tri- th.  uhiiDs  t'llie 
piilitt-ot  the  II  i.te  o!  l.orjiiii , ille.  I'licre  a''.',  Itl 
ill  toiiii,  kverai  I  hull  hcsj  luiides  lour  '  1  ihekil.uri-i"!, 
>  lull  ,ir.  laiger  ih.in  the  it\.  'l  im  dtltri,  1  p.o.di.-es 
w  111,  Corn,  ai.il  liiiii.  Tluy  alio  make  euir  I1...CJ 
apil  in  toiiie  puis  ot  ilin  ilhiiKi  .ire  ir  inuUriories  if 
v^O'illtn  llutt-,  wliieli  they  leh  at  rouis,  Ofit-.m  ,  ami 
I'aiii.. 

.Marthcnoir  i-a  tiiiall  lif  bi-n-.  m  .he  t.oir  ind  the 
l.oiie.  N.ai  ilii'.  t:iy  i-  .1  thiiuh,  diditaitd  i  1  Si. 
L.on  111. 

\  indonioi-.  Contain^  nophiiC  wertli  iiu-mioniiig  but 
V'endonie,  on  tiie  Loire,  li  kaiue.  well  oi  ()ii  an-, 
wli.ch  has  .m  uI:Ley,  a  fUegi',  an  hofpiial,  and  a  l.k 
gian.ay. 

In  rirtlie-fioii  t,  an-  the  I'mall  villafrei  of  B'-oti, 
La  U.ilo.  lit,  Montiuirail,  Auf  n,  .uid  lla.kive,  whieli 
e.ivi- n.:ii:e  to  as  man  b.ironie-,  bcl.ir.' the  levcilu'i on. 
Iii.  11-  1.  ilniil.d  into  l  ppir  and  Lower,  and  is 
bounded  on  tile  louih  bv  liei  ry,  on  the  iionhln  Beauce, 
on  llic  eail  i  y  (^il  .uiois,  properl;.  lo  taleil,  and  na 
the  vu-it  by  'rouraine.    1  he  only  to.vii  ot  note  is 

Blois,  the   eapitil,  whence  the  louniry  deiivc.  if<j 

naiiu.     A    line,   aniienr,  and  tommertial   riiy.     It 

liands  on  the  Loire,  over  wluek  it  luis  a  tlone  bridL^c. 

iJUis  IS    12  Icau'ifs  from  Urlean-^  u  the  liiuili-wiil. 

Here   arc   leviial  elm  elus,   and  a  lekbiattd  eatlle. 

It  11  the  lieot  a  bilhop.      I'li.   inli.il)iiaiit-  are  fiiil  to 

l[>e'.k    the   1  timh   lan-iiage   ingn.it    purity.      In  the 

..iliie  ar  •  llawn  ili.  chamber,  where  the  "hike  of  (iuile, 

and  III    iirodiu,  ihe  .  udinal,  were  murdered,  in  1  ;S!j. 

'I'ne  lount-  ol  B'jis  weie  ancicntlv  the  molt  piwciful 

lorda  in  I'laiiee.     kom-  kagues  from  the  loun,  to  the 

north-eali,  r  the  oneeioy.d  palace  ol  Chambnrd,  on  tl-c 

I  link-  livir  Gallon,  in  the  n.iildle  ol'.i   Ijiteiouv   park, 

I  well  Ifoekid    wiili   dter.      I>  palate    1    leikontd  tl,c 

i  lii.eii  |iiete  ol  ( iot hie  arehiiec' life  in  kiante,  and  \\.\% 

I  ! mil  In  l'iai:eis  L     \\<:w  Stanillaus,  the  dctliroiied 

,  km    .-1  I'lluiil,  rciiiled  ibme  vears;  and  here  marlh.d 

^.\e,  in    wliom   till  king  had  conferred    the  pal.ue, 

oied  III  1 73-:  -A-  liid  his  heir  the  eount  de  Friefc,  in 

,   1,  ;3.     In  ill.'    new  il,\iii,,n  of  I-Vanee,  Blois  i.  ilie 

I  cine!  toun  in  the  ikpariment  ot  Loir  and  Clir. 

j       There  are  llveral  otiier  pal.iees  ir  this  dirinci,  ami 

I  ..llo  tevei'.d  Inial:  towns.      \Ioi.tari;is,  betore  llie  revo- 

I  lution  w.,s  a  dukfiki  11,   lKl.,ngiiig  t.i  the  duke  ot  Ik'- 

.  Ieaii>;  Chaiillong;  C'ii..ieau  Kei;nai-il,  on  tl.e  Oinine, 

Containing;  a  manul..eMory  ot  u  aile  uoollcn  cloth;  St. 

l-'aigeau;  andO'liie,  on  llie   Loiii,  v.hieh  lias  loine 

.  iron  works  in  u;e  neiglilxi'.irho  nl. 

I       TheCioveinnient  of  N'iveiinois,  is  bounded  on  tho 

loiiiii   by  Ueiuri'  innois,  on  tiie  noriii  .  y  Ci.uinois  and 

I  Auienois,  on  the  well  b\    Bi.rry,  and  on  the  eill  by 

I  Burgundy,  being  about  lu  le:'.gucs  in  extent  both  w,i\s, 

a-i  it  is  iie.ii'h  oi    a  uri-ular  term,  and  yiekli.ij,  com, 

wnie,    truii,    wooel,    piieoil,    iron-ore,    and    miiijral 

ipiinp,-.     The  m-  Il  barren  and  mountainous  par;  of  it 

,  is   ilic  dillricV  of  ^k)r^■anr.      It    is  watered    iiv    everal 

rivei'-.,  of  wiiieli  tlir.e  are  navig.'.i'le,  vi.'.   the  Loire, 

the  Allier,  and  the  Yonne. 

Nevers  is  the  tapit.il  of  the  provinee,  and  t.ike* 
]  its  name  from  the  rivulet  Nie\re,  in  l.aiai  Niveris, 
j  whlih,  with  the  Allier,  falls  near  die  toun,  into  the 
I  Lone.  1  kre  arelcveraleliunlus,  w  i'li  maiuitaetories 
I  ot  glaf--,  white-iron,  and  earthen-ware-,  and  a  ll.ueiy 
Hone  bridge  over  the  Loire.     '•  is  the  fee  ot  a  biikop. 

About 


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A  NFAV,  ROYAL  asd  AUTIIF.XTIC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVERSAL  CEOf.RAl'KY. 


7u  + 

Alvnil  two  IcasiiH shorn  liiiui.-,  at  ilu-  vill.ij^c  ot  I'ou-  ( 
gi-.   Ill  till' lo.ul  to  I'.ui^   i;.  .1  iioti'd  iimK-i.ll  lpriii;j,.   In 
ilu-  vxw  iluilion  ot  l''r.ini.\-,   Ncwis  is  iln.'  iliKl  touii  in  j 
ilu'  iU'|vi!tni.tit  of  Nit-'vif.  ; 

0:i  iIr-  o'litv  \:Ac  >'!  ilii.-  V"niu'  is  I'.intcmir,  .1  !'•:- 
l\y.\^\\  or  lii.u.ih  ol  Cl.imciv,  uli.'iv,  ln-loif  lli,-  itvo- 
K.iion,  u:isiIk- (iv  oLi  liilli.  !>,  tlilnl  liillu.p  ot  Bitli- 
IlIkih;  I>c\:h.u  Kunicr,  bill>  iji  of  Ik'tlil  L.iii,  in  I'.i- 
K'.lr.v.'.  iKinj;  u!!i;jul  to  iiuii  th.U  coimliv  in  iit-o, 
K  lloAfvl  Cliiv,  (.-uut  ol  Ni-\.i-,  ii'.'u  li.UKc,  aiul  l;.i'J 
a  fm.iil  lMl!ui|iicafik',iK\l  liuu  luic. 

I^..  Cli.i.iU'  [I'ok  lis  ninu  t'loin  the- pri-at  li!ii'i:ilitv 
cx-.iului  h.a-  lo:nu-rh  i..v,.iia-  p)  m' ikm|i!c  anJ  \v\- 
grinis  In-  the  moiiks  ot  C!iinv,  ulio  li.i>l  Iv.if  a  ii' li 
prion.  It  islituateil  on  tin.-  iii.JiMt\  o!  an  nill,  win  ii 
by  ,ii:  I'A  N  dcl'ini,  inlvanci-s  t  ■  ilic  iivo.  L  .iiv ,  o\.r 
wlutli  t'.urc  lb  Ikiv  a  lino  itoni-  Inui. ..  I:  lias  a  l.r,;;,c 
ni.iik(.t-p!ai.i.,  and  liwr.il  ..IuikIks 


Tlic  (i  iwrnniont  <•!  l?t(i.'Ri'.os%ois  is  'o.^iiiiikd  ":\ 
tVx  WKvU  by  AiiNOj,!'.!.-.  on  t!ic  ii -I'.li  b\  li.ny  ;'.in! 
N.\.:no;s  oi\  tlu' >.a;l  in  IJui^iin'ly  an  1  \  u'/,  .;:  d 
on  thf  well  b\  I'ppi-T  M...c:i-.  It  i-  ;o  :•  .;|;ai.s  loi';';, 
2  0  broad,  fiiiitfulin  lo;:  ,  wiiij  a:;d  p,..iuiagf;  aiv.!  is 
wat.-Kd  Dv  tho  Lon.-.  Al;.!',  a-dClk''.  bnnu  it. 
an.ient  duke-.  L.juisXVl.  tiiu  la;i  kiiiii,  .t  1-raiK.', 
wa^  dtlVtiKbd. 

Moi.lin-,  tlic  iapit.\l,  o-^  tlic  Allicr,  avciwd  its  nan-,.' 
from  tlic  luiin.iovis  milN  m  its  Mci:ya\.  li  toiuair.s 
li  viial  cii'ialifs,  1-  t'.c  lie  ■  t  a  b  llup,  an  1  i.a-  mami- 
t'actoiii.- ot  hardw.iK,  .ion,  !' .tl,  t\>..  .uul  is,  upon  tli- 
whole,  a  handloiv.c  ii"pulou.  io.mi.  In  one  ot  the 
ehureh.-  i-  the  ma'initi'.ent  tomii  ot  duke  Henry  11.  ot 
Montni  Menci,  w!io  tell  a  laerill  e  to  I'.'.e  relentnieni 
ot  eaidinal  Richlnu  ;  a'.d  ivai  the  t.  wn  there  is. in  .al- 
niiral>le  mineral  IpriiiL!^.  In  the  new  c'.i\  iti  -n  ol  liaiui , 
Miuhns  is  the  eaji.tai  of  the  dipaitment  «.:  Al!i. :. 

Bou.bon  le  Arthainbaud,  live  le.i;i,:.s  weft  ot  Mou- 
lin-, is  remarkable  tor  its  ir.ine.al  w.ueis,  hot  and 
coid,  and  for  llones  relemliliiig  diamonds,  wiu^h  will 
cut  glal's,   uliiJi  aretound  m  tiie  lo.  ks  near  ihet 'w;i. 

MmIU  Lti<,:i.:,  near  the  Cher,  with  a  lb  n.  bruLe 
over  that  liver,  ha-  leveral  ehurJi.s.  .v.A  ,m  holpu.il; 
and  a  n,  :ij,hbcurin^  m.uket  loAn,  r.amed  N'ti;-,  li.li 
foliu  e.\eelleat  hut  Uiths. 

The  Government  of  LiONVOT';  contains  th.eprovinec- 

of  Li'-im.ois,  I-'t /,a:i  1  iVau'.<l'>;s;  and  is  biamded  fj 
l!ie  nortli  b\  Ma.  oinv  '.s  and  liuidund'.  ;  to  the  l.uith 
bv  \';\ar;is  and  Vel.i  ;  t.>  tic  eall  the  S.iane  and  the 
Rh  .ne  pan  it  troiii  Hull'e  .■■iu\  Danphihe;  ami  t..  the 
\<er.  li  loniii.at.-  on  Avi\e'ii,n:-.  It  pi.d.u.e-  corn, 
wne,  and  truu  ,  pan  leuLuly  i  M '.  I'eiil  eiielnut-,  w  lUi 
pit-coil  an.l  iiiiiiLial  Ipriiic^s;  ..ndab'Ui  lour  Lak:ues 
lri)Mi  L'  ons  i-  a  mine  ol  lojip.  r  ,uid  \  liri.jl.  1  lie  piin- 
eipal  riveis  i.t  die  pr.A  iiue  .i:e  i!ie  Rlune,  il;e  S  ^aiie, 
and  the  Loire.  j 

Li.mn  .:s  prop.  r!v  ibeillo.!,  i-  tw.  Ive  Ica^iKS  long, 
a;u!  l^ven  broad.  Aiuienilv  u  w.isiub'cci  either  to 
i.nin'-,  Ol  t.i  the  .uJdjiih  j)  and  i  Inj.!.  r  ..1  Ly.in- ; 
but  m  th.  ye.ir  iVi;>  'lie'  umkhstjon  d.volv.d  to 
llieeii\n.  The  only  pl.iemit  w.rtli  d-- lei  i' .in^  is 
1,'  .n-.  honi  whieh  it  t.ike-  its  luiin. ,  and  whkli  is 
one.. I  ''  e  tin.lLind  ni'll  i.iiill.lcra'.ile  iitie  .  in  Europe. 
Jl  W..S  ',,M  idi.d  ab  'Ui  4J  years  bef  ire  Chrill,  io'  n  alter 
til.-  aliaihhitin  .il  Jului- (.'.i-iar.  Heic  are  Liur  i;at.s 
l'.,xlin_ii,  I'.ihe  |..urj;i  at  i.iad-.  Iia.^d  bv  A..!,iip|).i. 
li  ^ands  at  i!ie  .onllu.x  ol  ihe  Rhone  .mel  S.iane,  ami 
hadthcLitm  n.ime  ot  Lu.'.ilunum,  trom  a  pl.iee  ot 
the  Giuls  tint  ihi  id  upon  i  lull  htrcabuuts,  and  wa> 
tailed  Liiv;,.iun,  i.  e.  the  Hll  ol  Ravens.  There- aie 
(111!  lome  rem  iins  ni  tlic  li.itely  buildings  vviih  whieh 
the  R.imans  adunedthis  (.ity,  n.iw  ihc  Iccond  ot 
I";.ime,  having  tw.)  tine  Iquaies;  in  one  of  which  w. is 
an  iquclbi.m  llitu.'  ol  brais  .jt  Lewi-,  Xl\'.  Here  aic 
a  i.i.vii-iiou'.c,  ,1  iMDie  done  bridge  I'ver  the  Rhone, 
wii.i  iw)  III  w  j.^d  ,ind  one  ot  llone,  oVlT  llic  Soane, 
u  ureal  iiUiiiUer  ul  i-haiches,  bcliJci  llie  LaiiitJial,  lour 


I'ubiirbs,  lix  i;,ite-,  :!n  ex.  hani.'e,  an  obl'ei  v.itor\',  a  pub- 
lic library,  tliiee  holpit.ils,  ,;n  aiicnal  well  furn;lliu! 
with  imhiarv  lloies,  and  h,ivin;j,  thie.' tort-.  It  is  n.'t.d 
tor  m  inut.ictories  ot  ^oM  .md  li;\  ^r  lliiil-,  ij,  lil  and  li!- 
\erl,Kv,,  uul  liik- ul  .dlloi'.s.  The  areh'iilbop  of 
L\,ins,  bet.'ie  the  levo'uiion,  had  leMial  otlier  aieii- 
bilhops  and  billiop-  ir.inuih  iie'\  tiiboidinale  to  hini. 
H- lliled  Inniul;  (...uiu  i.l  Lyon  .  l!e  the  conlti'ut;  n 
loi  11111.1  111  ■7'i'-.,  1'  )i:s  |,  -II  ,\r.  hN:ih  .j  lie,  and  C'le:- 
nvnl,  ,Si.l-ioiii,  Le  I'l.),  Vivieis,  (ii..  no',i|e,  lii  Ike, 
and  /Viiaiti  aie  iu;li.ii;,int?.  The  eiiviions  ol  this  e it y 
•lie  very  iiie.il.uit  ;  ami  it  is  ad\ai'.t.ij;oiu!ly  li'.u.U.d  t  r 
tiaile  lor  an  inl.ii,.!  town,  but  its  lliefts  ate  narrow,  in 
the  lown-liouf.  is  ,.;'.  a'l.i.nl  p.laie  o,t  btai-,  on  whuli 
is  in.'MVed  i;u  oMiioii  whiih  the  eiiip.  i.  .r  C'i.iiulu  s, 
wimi  lie  w.is  ceii:"i,  deluered  bel"ie  the  R..m.in  Ur...te 
111  oehall  oi  t:,_  >  .11/.  nsolL\.:;.-.  iiilhenew  i!ivill"U 
.'t  I- ranee,  Lvons  .:.  liie  clue'  town  in  the  ckpartiiuiu 
oi  Kli,>iiL  .md  L.  lire. 

I'oie/.  I- divided  lilt  1  Lpjier  and  Lower, and  had  lor- 
lueily  counts  ol  Us  own  i  tnii  intheiiar  i^;:,  l-ian- 
lis  I.  annexed  it  to  tir  uowii.  It  i- .i  huge  triuitul 
ealk'.,  v,.4i^i.  ,1  iiy  till.  l,.iie.  .uid  le\  ti  il  oii.ii  Imaller 
rivers,  and  i.i  ik  its  n..n'.e  iK.-ni  tin  t.iwn  an,  iendy 
c.illed  i-oru:;i  Sei;uii.in  .i  u;ii,  a;,d  lui  \  feiii-,  or  f.':-, 
a  lin.ih  pl.ii.e  wiueh  Ib.iuis  on  th.  I.oiii,  ,iiid  li.is  ,i 
luiphuious  Ipiin^  ne.ir  it.  '1  iu  .  i:,ei  towns  ot  ihis 
countv  are 

St.  I'.tieiie.  del-ir.,ins,  a  popul.  .us  low  n  on  the  riu  r 
I'ur.ii.b,  w!uieis  a  c..iii:ilei.ibie  li,i.ie.  .md  .i  iiimu- 
t,Ktor\  ol  Ine-.iiins,   and  i.lh.er  \'. ,  iks  ol  iron  and  iK  J. 

Roaiuie,  •  ;i  the  Lone,  from  ihi-  plaee  the  iiui- 
I  h.,nts  ot  Lvonsionvey  lluir  ^.  oils  to  le\Lial  ji.uls 
ol  branee. 

B.aiii"loi-  is  a.lillrii'".  lu'ar  li'e  Soane,  tcnleaoues  in 
kiii^^th,  and  V  ijiht  in  breadth,  and  istertiK.  llsi.ipi- 
lal,  \  ille  l-i.l:eht,  is  liuiaied  on  the  .M.iran,  and 
e.'iu.uns  a  giaii.iry  ol  lali,  an.l  .in  .i.  ..deiiiy  u!  pouic 
lil.  i,.!ure. 

Th.  Governm.nt  .  I  .Aevr.rcNi ,  is  b.ainded..ii  the* 
b  ulli  bv  the  Ce\eniKs,  .  ii  ilu-  iv  I  h  b\  Bourbonnois, 
on  tiic  call  bv  I'oie/.,  .iiid  on  the  w.  ll  bv  Liiuolin, 
Q;_ierey,  ,'.nd  La  M.irehe.  il  i-  .\  Uagu.s  1<  ni:.  ;.t 
1)1.'...!,  and  i',>uiid  inio  L'pper  ,,i.d  1 .  iwer.  llu' 
i,\ei-  are  the  Ahkr,  the  l)ar.j,.'i;ne,  and  die  Al,ii;n,  ii ; 
ill.-  inaiuilaciuie-  l:lk  ,  liuli-,  ilolhs,  la,  is,  iion- 
wi'ik--,  paper;  and  the  piodmc  loiii.  wine,  ciltle, 
clietle,  eoals,  ki.      In  Upper  Au\  iij^tie  aic 

^l.  I-"lour,  llie  capital,  which  i-  I'luiled  .it  llie  hiot 
ol  Mount  C.intal,  oi.e  ol  ih.c  1iijj,Ik1i  in  ,\i,verij,ne. 
Il  took  IIS  name  I. .1111  that  oi  .i  biilioji,  who  h.ivi;  li, 
lome  liilur  In  m  Eangiied.oi  to  |.|,.;  h  the  uo'pil  i.i- 
waiils  the  end  i<l  the  lnuitli  e.ntiiiy,  di.d,  au.l  w.is 
buriidher..  Ill  the  I.e  .il  a  billup.  1  k  re  i- .i  r  .ii- 
liderablc  tiafii.  k  ii  i_\e:'.nd  imilis,  as  w ell  as  in  knis e;, 
I  larpet',  and  i  h.  s.  In  the  new  div.lioii  ol  l-;.inie, 
I  ,M.  1  1  'Ur,  is  the  ilikl  to.Mi  in  the  liepaiur.enl  ul  (.  ,m- 
tal. 

/Xurillac  c. .mains  maiuil.iCl.iiie-  ol  lajieiiiy  and  l.ice, 
a  l.illle,    \e. 

In  L.ower  Auveigne  are 

Lleiilk  in,  the  lapit.il  ol  the  wli..K-  province,  fitiul- 
tid  near  llu  mountain  lalleil  I'ui  ile  1 ). in.iik  ,  14  U.ii;ii.  s 
trom  M.  Eiour  to  the  iiotth,  b.iwixi  the  iivcis  Ankr 
and  Bedat.  It  wa-  built  l^  the  em|)eior  Augulbis, 
and  theme  wa-  aiieitnlly  called  Augullotuiiieiuin,  or 
Au^ulloiiemolum.  1  leie  aie  lev  ei,,l  .  huu  Ins,  l-i  luhs 
tl.i'  i.iihcdral.  It  is  the  lee  ot  .1  i..lhop.  In  ii.e  n  i;.'Ji- 
bouihood  ol  ihe  lown  aie  level, il  p.iiihinsi  lpiiiij^!,s; 
on,  ..t  which,  111  the  lul  uib  o'  Si.  Allire,  h.is  loin.eil 
.1  lolkl  lock,  and  u  kind  ul  bi  d;;e,  umUr  wiii.h  I  ho 
millet  ot  l-iiida.ne  paths.  Ol  ilu-  n.itur.il  i  uuoliiy, 
.uid  ol  the  liiwn  itKl',  we  li.ive  the  lollowilisi  an  urate 
.uid  autlieniic  aec.iuni  Irmii  an  iiineiiious  iKUeller. 
"  The  litualion  ol  Lleiiliout  Is  :ip,;ecable,  ini  .1  lilllo 
eiiur  nee,  to  which  ihe.u.ei  r  j;r.idual  and  e.ilv.  1  he 
jiUcc  Kicll  lecius  to  have  Ijc.n  built  m  an  age  i   c   moll 

bailMtoUli 


T 

in  All 
on  the 
and 
m  iin 
.iiiil  L, 

oils, 

rye, 
.See. 

rners 
In 
Lli 
ihe  e 
liilhoj- 
narro.i 
lijiiin 
p.  lor. 
uoolli 
Rom. I 
divili. 


X .RAl'I  [V. 

,  an  ol)t(.i  vitcrv,  a  pi.li- 

ancii.ii  H\'ll   fu;n:llit,| 

tl-.K-.  t>)rt~.     It  iv  ii'iUil 

;\.r  lliill'-,  ii.'lil  ;inil  li!- 

..  Tilt  arcli'iidioj)  ot 
la'l  lt\ti.il  Mtlicr  aiti;- 

.'\  to.uiiilm.uc  CD  '.;!n. 

I  .  l)v  ilif  coiil'u;'.it:'<n 
IV,  li'^'ih  '1  i:c,  aiul  Ck-i- 

\  H.;s,    (  il,  l;i)I<ll,  Ik  III  V, 

hv  iMVM'n^  111  lii'.s  lily 
.\::\  ii.v.iii!!v  li:i:  ilvi!  t   r 

IC>  I'.Kfts  ail  n.'.riow.    hi 

•Lut;  ot  hi.ii^,  on   wlm  li 

i!k-  ciiip.iur  Clauiiu:'-, 

Hi'Mf  ilic  Runiaii  kn.ac 

ij.      Ill  I  Ik-  nc'A  ilivili'Mi 

Uns  ;i  in  the  ikp.uuii.  I'.l 

a;ul  Lo^vcT.and  !;ail  l->r- 

II  the  \iar  I  T  ;2,  1-1. Hi- 
ll. It  Is  a  laipc  trii;!tiil 
.'.nd  livtial  otiu  i  l;iialii;i 
i.in   ill.'  t.iAii  ail'  iiii.ly 

,11, d  n.i  \  l-iaii-,  i.T  I'ln-, 
1    iIk    I  .11111  .    ,ilnl    li,is    ,1 

1  IK    ,  11.11   tuu  n,s  ul    ll.is 

)piilnis  tc'u  n  on  tlu'  liw  \ 
b'lc  iKulf.  ami  a  in  lau- 
r  u.>rks  ot  iron  aiiil  iKi  I. 
■roni  ilii~  plate  ilic  nur- 
ir  g.  iulb   to  tcMi.il  jLiris 

tl'i-  Siianc,   tcnli-ni^MU",  in 

and  ij  t  -1  till .      li  w  ,i|ii- 

iid  on  iliL-    Moran,  aiul 

lu!  an  ai  .idtiiiy   ot  [lolito 


•.ncNi ,  ;■-  h'  iindi'd  "n  tin' 
•X  II'  I  h  l'\  Boinlioiinois, 
on  ti.i  u\  ll  liv  Liiiiolin, 
It  I--  4  '  liagu^s  ll  lit'.  vT 
'[ipia-  and  L/iwir.  1  Ik- 
;;"g[u',  ami  tiic  Alagiioii; 
ll]-,  ilollis,  Liiis,  11  ou- 
tline loni,  \uiH',  caitle, 
er  Aii\  ii^ne  aie 
.:ili  I-  I'ti.  lied  .It  ll.i-  toot 
he  Infill.  11  111  .Xi.verene. 
o<  .1  I'llliop,  ulio  ii,i\  i:  i; 
ll  to  I'l...  ll  tlu  uo'l  I.  I  to- 
:i  n  iitiiiy,  ill.  d,  and  was 
a  billioii.  1  lire  i--  a  c  ni- 
miks,  as  \\ell  as  in  kinv  i;, 
new  iii\  ilion  ot  1  ai'i  e, 
in  tlu-  dep.uiir.eiil  ot  t  .iii- 

loiii-  ot  lapeliiy  ami  l.ice. 


the  wliiiK'  proviiuc,  litua- 
I'lii  lie  DoniiiK  ,  14  ii.ii;ii.s 
,  ll.  twixt  the  iivi  IS  AiiKf 
I  ^  till  eilipeioi  Aiij;iittiis, 
llleil  Aii^ultoiKiiieium,  or 
lie  leMi.il  I  hull  his,  hi  Inks 
ot  a  hiitlio|i.  in  iiie  n  i;i,li« 
eveial  iKliilMiiti  tiiiiii^',s; 
1  o:  Si.  Allire,  h.is  ;oi  li.eil 
I  lii:i';>,e,  under  v.  In,  h  I  ho 
( )t  r.ii  iiitur.d  I  III  lotii\, 
lave  the  IoHowiiil:,  an  iir.ile 
0111  an  iiu;eiiioiis  iia\elkr. 
.1111  is  .;j;;eialik',  on  a  liiili: 
el-  i-  (;r,ii!iial  and  e.ilv.  1  ho 
e.ii  buih  ill  aa  age  1  <■  iimtl 
1-41 1  Ml  on:. 


EUROPE.] 

barbarous.  The  flrcef  .irc  to  n.irnnv  and  winding  tiiat 
no  carriage  can  enter  tliem,  and  the  Iniiidin^s  eorre- 
f]iond  :o  tlie  other  jiarts;  but,  to  eomjienlale  for  tiic 
intonvcnience,  tlie  liihiirlis  are  cli  irij-in;^',  and  tlic 
luHites  t-i-iodern  and  ciei;.inr.  I  viliied,  this  niornini\, 
the  pctritvin;'.  Ipriiig  wiiiel-  Ciiarles  IX.  is  (aid  to  liave 
tiirvejid  with  lo  iinith  wonder  and  piealuri'.  Il  i- 
only  a  t]uarier  of  a  mile  tioiii  the  town.  In  ths'iinirl'e  of 
aiies  it  lias  tornicd  a  ridj^e  of  lloiic.  or  inenill  iiion,  not 
lets  than  1(1  k\t  111  hcii;lit,  almve  100  teet  1  mi;,  and,  in 
foiue  i)arts,  near  10  in  tliii  knefs.  As  il  impeded,  and, 
at  li-ni;,tli,  totally  tlopped  the  current  of  a  little  rivulet 
wliiili  interlei'led  iis  coiirfe,  the  inhabitants  were 
oliliged  to  ilii'  a  pall'a^^r  t!ii-oiit:,h  it.  Thi-  llrcam  is  now 
ilive  *ed  into  anoiher  eliannel,  and  has  licgun  to  form 
a  ncu  Inidgi'  aeiuti  the  rivulet  into  whii  li  it  tails."  In 
the  year  loo^  pope  I'rhan  held  a  conn  il  lure,  wlun 
the  till!  crulade  was  relolved  on.  It  was  compotcd  ot 
6DO,coQmen;  iheir  ehiet  was  (iodfroi  ot  Bouillon.  In 
the  new  diviiioii  ot  iMamc,  Clermont  is  ihe  i  imttown 
Ml  the  dcpartni;  nt  of  I'liy  ilc  Dome. 

Riom,  two  Ic.igues  from  Clermont  to  the  north,  i- 
the  pl.uc  wliere  the  ancient  dukes  ol  Auvcryir  u!ed 
to  keep  their  court.  At  prelent  here  ue  Icvcal  elunchrs 
with  aiollepe;  and  the  neia,hi-/i'uring  lounirv  is  to 
pLaiiini,  thai  it  is  ealkd  ihesjai den  o^  Aiiveriuie. 

Near  Aii\iu'-I'erte.  .ilmalltown,  ilie  <  :\]nial  of  the 
(luihe  ot  Montpenlier,  is  alpiini];,  which  boils,  vio- 
leiitlv,  and  makes  a  n  iife  like  water  ilirown  upon  lime; 
•and  yet  is  cold,  and  without  any  rcm.lrkaMc  tade. 

Tliiers,  or  Tliiern.  has  the  gieatell  variety  of  ma- 
nufa.'i ores,  antl  the  inotl  trade,  ot  any  to.vn  in  Au- 
vcrs;ne. 

Ai  Unoude,  a  verv  ancient  lown  on  tlie  Allier,  is  a 
very  I  xtraordinarv  biidiie.  luppoted  to  Iv  a  wnik  ot' 
the  Roman--,  beiiii;  vcrv'  Ion;;  and  loft\,  but  ot  inily 
one  arch,  which  retls  on  two  hi^',h  mountain-.  The 
town  took  its  iume  tioii:  the  bridge;  Briva,  in  the 
language  ot  the  Cjauk,  lit;niiviiii;  a  Biid;.;e.  To  dit- 
lingiiitli  this  lion-i  another  linall  town  in  the  nci;;hhoiir- 
liood,  of  the  t'lnic  name,  it  is  c.dled  Veillc  Hriomle, 
i.  e.  Old  Hrioude. 

Near  the  tin.ill  towns  ol  Vli-lc-C-imte  anil  .Artonne, 
in  I  .ower  Au\ei-i!,nc,  are  mimral  water-;  as  tlie.e  ;uc 
alio  al  Moiii  d'Or,  or  the  (ioldm  Mountain,  which 
is  the  highelt  in  Aiivirgne.  At  \'ic-le-C'omie  is  a 
thap..!,  and  a  tine  palice  built  by  the  duke  ot  Al- 
ii.inv,  u'..o  was  of  the  royal  tainily  ot  Siotl.iiul,  and 
viierov  of  ih.u  kinL;iloni  iluring  tlie  iniiioriu  ot 
janies  \'. 

The  fioverniiient  of  Limosin  i-  bounded  ontheeafl 
bv  Auvergiie,  on  the  well  by  Anij!,ouiniib  and  IV-  iii^onl, 
on  the  toiith  In  Q|ieiey,  and  on  ihe  north  by  I'oitou, 
and  La  Merclie.  It  is  25  leagues  long,  and  near  as 
minv  broad;  the  whole  Ix-ing  divided  into  I'pper 
and  L,  'wer.  The  I'pper  parts  are  coM  and  mount  ,111- 
oih,  tlu-  I  ^ower  warm  and  truithil;  the  iiroduc.-  beiiis^ 
ly.-,  barley,  buik-wheat,  chetiuit  ,  o\en,  cows,  hoii:  s, 
\c.  alio  lead,  tin,  copp.  r,  iron,  and  tleel.  The 
rivers  are  the  N'ienne,   ihe  \'i/.ere,  and  the  Dordti.jie. 

In  I'pp.-r  L.imolin  ire 

I. mioses,  on  the  Vieiiiie,  (>;  li'ai?,ucs  t'oiith  ot  I'aiis, 
the  ca'piial  ni  the  whok  government,  and  the  te,'  ol  a 
bitliop.  It  Is  a  lari^e  and  ancient  cil\ .  'I"he  tlieets  are 
narrow  iiul  the  houtes  mean,  but  there  arc  li  veral  line 
lilii.ires  and  touni.iin'..  The  people  in  general  are  verv 
poor.  1  lere  are  ma'iukkUires  ol  p.ip^  r,  leather,  and 
uoollen  cloihs;  tour  aiiuediu'ts,  i  oiilbuiied  by  the 
Romans,  and  other  ii  ruiin-  ol  antii|uitv.  In  the  new 
ihvilioii  ot  I'lam.-,  I.imogcsi^  the  capital  ot  the  de- 
jiartmeni  ot  Ijppcr  \'ieniie. 

.St.  rw'jonird,  on  the  X'leniie,  i  oniains  a  chapter,  and 
ininiilailones  ol  paper  and  cloth;  and  St.  Irie/,  on 
the  Itle,  h.ith  likewile  a  cliapier  uui  tome  eontiderahle 
Jroii  mines  m  tho  neighbonrhood. 

Chains,  a  iinvn  and  callle  liiuaied  at  the  t'pring  ot 
die  Tardouerc,  one  of  llic  livers  tli.il  fall  iiuo  the 
No.  79 


FRANC     K. 


nc: 


Charente,  is  fix  lea,7:U'.'s  dillant  from  Liitioc!;cs  to  the- 
north-wed,  'I'his  little  city  has  the  title  o'  a  county 
or  earldom,  and  belons^ed  tormerly  to  the  vi'coiints  ol" 
L-inioges.  It  ha|ipencd  that  a  gentleman  ol  I.imofin 
found  upon  liis  ellate  a  trcaliiio,  whirli  had  been  buri- 
ed there  nianv  ages  beiore.  Il  .onlill  d  of  the  ll  uiies  of 
an  emperor  .uul  his  eoiitorl,  lilting  round  a  la'ilc  willi 
iheir  (hildren,  the  whole  h.iiii;  ot  lolid  I'old.  Richard 
I.  king  of  I'-iiLiJind,  ulio  w.is  theii  mallei  of  Li^noiin, 
preieiided  that  the  trealiire  liekopgiu  to  h-m  as  love- 
reign  lord  of  the  country  whcie  il  was  fuind.  The 
gentleman  was  willing  to  give  him  par!  of  it;  liiit  I'.c- 
ing  that  the  king  c!:<imed  tin-  whrh, ,  he  I'lipl  irnl  the 
protection  of  the  vilcoiml  of  L.iiii  lin,  who  give  hini 
leave  to  take  taneiuary  ni  his  caitle  ol  Cl;.diis.  Rii  li  inl 
going  to  b.ti.  ge  the  place,  was  \ioundi  d  with  an  arro-v 
lliot  b\  a  cri'fs-bow-man,  ,ind  died  ot  the  Wiiund  .April 
'i,  1  190.  There  is  a  fui-ious  horle  fiir  kept  liere  every 
year  on  St.  (ieorgc's  da\'. 

In  Ixjvver  Limolin  are 

Tulle  the  capital,  at  the  conflux  tif  the  Corre/c 
and  Solan.  It  is  the  fee  ot  abilliop,  and  is  furioiind -il 
by  mountains.  In  the  new  divilion  of  France,  Tulle 
is  the  chief  town  in  the  department  of  Cone /e. 

Brive  had  its  name  troni  its  1  rid,-',e;  and  Turellc, 
fnui  f.-aguc'  from  Tulle,  was  the  ca;  iial  of  a  vif  ouiU)  , 
.ind  txlonged  to  the  tamih  o.  the  duke  of  Boi..llon. 

The  C;ii\ernmrnt  of  La  MARciir  is  bounded  on 
the  tiiiiiii  by  Limotin,  on  th  -  ny:h  bv  Berry,  on  the 
well  bjr  Poitou,  and  on  tlie  eil.  i^y  Auve-gne;  iieing 
about  22  le.igues  from  eatl  to  wet,  an.t  .S  oi-  10  from 
norih  tolouih.  It  is  watered  bv  the  Vie:  :k,  the  Cher, 
the  Crciit'c,  and  the  Gariem|ie;  and  is  not  only  fruit- 
ful in  corn,  but  proiluccs  win.-. 

Ciueret,  il;e  eapit.,1  of  t!ie  province,  is  lifuated  in 
the  I'pper  Maiehe,  on  the  river  ( lart.uvjc.  It  is  a 
hilhop's  fi-e.  Here  is  an  hofp't  d.  Am;  .mv  Virillas, 
ihe  hillorian,  was  horn,  and  loiimleda  com  n',  liere. 
In  till  new  diviii.ni  of  hVanee,  Ciiierei  is  die  liue;  t,iwa 
in  the  department  of  Cieule. 

Aubuli'on,  on  the  river  Creiite,  has  a  maninaitory 
of  tapetlrv. 

The  fnivernmcnt  of  Brun  y  is  lioumicd  on  the  fouth 
bv  Bourbonnois  and  Maii  ke,  on  the  north  In  Orleanois, 
and  on  the  well  by  Nivernois ;  its  greatell  length  be- 
ing about  35  leagues,  and  iis  brer.dth  about  2S.  Its 
name,  and  that  01  its  capital,  Bourges,  are  derived 
from  the  ancient  Riiuriges,  lurn.imid  Cubi,  to  dit- 
tlnguilli  tlum  from  the  oiht'i-  Bituriges,  called  \'ibilci, 
who  were  iliofe  of  Boiirdeaux.  The  air  ot  tl;i-  p'-o- 
viiKc  is  temperate,  and  ti.e  foil  iiuiilul,  pr-iduiing 
ulieat,  rve.  wine,  good  truit,  agreatikaloi  flax  anil 
hemp.  ..lid  km  |uiiiii\,  lioili  tor  Iheep  and  black  cat- 
lic.  Neil  \  iti/iiii  is. I  mine  ol  ochre,  and  ne.ir  Bour- 
nes a-e  ipianies  ot  t'lon.-.  Here  are  teveral  ri\ers,  the 
ehief  of  w liich  are  ihe  l.,oie,  t.i,-  (.'eiii.,  the  Cher, 
ilic  L,ari.'e  and  Lell'er  Siuilie,  tlie  liulie,  :Iic  Orroii, 
ll  e  Aiireil -,  the  Mi  ul  .n.  and  tlie  F.vre.  Tiicie  is 
.illo  a  lake,  called  the  lake  01  Viliieis,  uliiih  is  pielty 
I  ige.  '1  111-  provime  li.ui  f.  rmeily  counts  and  vi(- 
einints  ot  its  own;  bill,  in  ihe  reign  ot  I'liihp  I,  it  w;is 
united  to  the  crown.     The  principal  places  in  it  are 

Bourges,  ancienih  Bituri  1,^,  and  Biiu'ica-,  and  alio 
Avaricum,  ilu- c.ipital  of  ili-  \ihole  piovince,  liliiated 
at  ihe  conflux  o;  the  f'.vre  wiili  the  Alton,  and  other 
iiNulets,  iS  ir.iics  lioni  l>ri^ans  to  1,  e  fbuih.  ll  is  o! 
largeextent.  Thecountrv  round  i.  dry  boggy.  He.o 
area  cathedral,  fever. il  cluiciies,  an  elegant  eh:i!  el, 
I  ailed  Hol\  Cli.ipel,  a  very  aiu  lee.t  univeilitv,  .'.ul  n 
palace,  built  liy  joim,  tlui-e  of  B.  rry.  A  leiv  i.iiid- 
tiiiiie  tipi.tres,  aiui  a  ll.iicly  town-houle,  embeKilh  the 
ciiy.  A  tine  p.ihue  belongs  to  the  a  ehlnlh-ip.  In 
the  new  divilion  of  biaiiiC  Boui'ges  is  the  i  liiet  ti.An  ill 
ihe  depart iiicnt  ol  Cher. 

lllinidim,  on  the  Thiol-,  lix  le.igues  well  of  B.nirget, 

has  Icverali  hurdles,  two  hofpitais,  and  a  c.ilUe.  1  he 

,0  K  toAii 


f!,l   II 


v.i 


«.     »; 


-ill 


If      !    I 


H      .     1 


>\ 

1  ^ ; ' 

-; 

m.i: 

lit: 

1  '■'' 

866         A  NEW,  ROYAL  and  ArTIlK.N'TIC  SYSTFAl  of  I'NMVl'.RSAL  ClF.OfiRAl'IIY. 

town  li.i--  k-vcr.J  m.viiuia^'loiic^,  aii.l  Ionic  tr.ulc  in 
jimbcr. 

Dim-U-Roi,  i)i\  tlu-  Aiiron;  :\t\d  Cli  laauncut,  arc 
towns  01  liiilc  n.itc;  Mchun,  on  tli.  l'.\\\,  lia^  a  c.illli.- 
built  by  Ch.iiks  Vll.  in  whicii  lie  (laiwd  himli.li  lo 
lUatli,  for  tear  of  hciug  poilunctl ;  ami  \ir/,on,  ori  tlu- 
Evrc  anil  Cher,  contains  Itveral  loavcnis,  with  an 
abbcv  anil  a  colKpi". 

Aul'ignv.  on  the  N'cvic,  i  :  lea  .tic-.  Uni;!i  ot  HHirgs. 
is  well  torniicil,  anil  ha-  a  c.illlc.  'I'his  town,  iiniil 
the  revokiiion,  pav\'  ilic  tiile  ot  ihikc  aiul  ]k\{  ol 
France  to  ilie  family  of  Lenox  ihikc  of  Ruhiuond  in 
Jingland.  The  lillc  wa-  i;uen  In  1  ..wis  XIV.  lo  one 
of  kinu  Charlc-'s  nllllreHc^  who  was  (he  niocncr  of  the 
firtl  duke  of  Richnionil.  The  jireU  lu  duke,  a  lew 
years  lince,  atiendcil  perlonallv  ni  the  paiiianient  ot 
Faris,  ami  res;ilieri.d  Ins  title. 

Flcniichnient,  live  leagues  noitli  ot  Bourges,  con- 
lain-  a  c.ulle.  Sin  errc.on  ihe  Loire,  wa-  the  iMoperty 
of  the  houl'e  o[  15  imbon  C>;ule.  La  Chatrce,  on  the 
Indrc,  appertained  to  the  prince  ol  t'ondc;  as  did 
Chateau-Roiix,    15  league-  north  of  Rourge-. 

At  Argenton,  a  town  on  the  Cieule,  18  leagues 
fremi  Uourgts,  is  a  ci'lle<;e  for  polite  literature,  wiih  a 
ihurcli. 

Tiie  Government  ot  Touhaini:  i-  bounded  to  the 
tbuth  by  Berrv  and  Foitou,  to  the  north  by  ih.  river 
Maine,  to  the  welt  in  A'l;  lU,  and  to  the  eal  l)y  Or- 
leanois;  its  greatell  breadth  bciiv^  about  i>.  Ic,u.',ues, 
and  its  length  24.  It  is  watered  by  I'everal  rivei',  the 
duel  of  whii  ii  are  the  Loire,  thr  Cher,  the  Creulc,  aivl 
the  Vienne.  The  climate  is  verv  mild,  and  the  loil 
in  geneial,  fertile.  In  tlu-  countr\  of  N'oyeis  are  mines 
ot  ir^m  and  cpper.  Tins  proMUee  had  iornicriv 
counts  of  it- own;  but,  in  1  '02,  wj,- united  with  the 
crown;  and,  in  i.;:>'\  was  r.iikd  to  a  duked  .'ui  and 
peerage. 

Tours,  the  capital  of  ihe  province,  wliitii  alfj  takis 
its  name  from  it,  is  liLuainl  on  the  Lone,  i'\er  which 
there  i-  a  tine  l>iidL;e.  Here  are  tevcral  churches,  an 
academv,  and  it  is  tae  lee  ..i  a  i.ilhop.  It  is  a  lari;e  and 
anck'it  CUV,  anil  ha- a  pull'-  ualk  in  the  center  of 
the  town  a  mile  in  Lng'.ii.  Tons  is  ihc  birih  plaie  ot 
R.ipin  tl'.e  etiehrated  hiil-.'iia  i.  'Flic  cathedial  is  a 
tine  building.  c<'nt;iinin:'  alr'rary,  in  i\ Inch  are  tome 
am  lent  nunuliript  .  In  7;-  Chailes  NFiitel  deleaicd 
the  .Sarai  en-  iiean'n:  ]  la  i  .miIi  avvn  ;',reat  llaughter. 
Here  is  a  lilk  aiul  cl  .1  manuiiei  iry.  in  the  new  lii- 
vilion  of  l-'ra:u  e,  'F  ■u;s  i  the  cliiet  tow  11  in  the  ik  pait- 
ment   It  Indre  and  Loire. 

At  Aniboifc,  a  to.\n  tiiu.ited  .it  the  lonllux  of  the 
Amatle  and  Loire,  Chark-  ^111.  was  boin  and 
died.  The  name  o;  I  Fig' mi- m  hid  it- me  inthiStinvn, 
wherein  alio  the  civil  war  1  rnke  ■nit  in  i5')i.  FFre 
are  an  hol'pita!,  and  twoihurehe  . 

At  Loche^.  liiu.iteii  on  the  iiver  i'ldie,  lev^  n  leagues 
trom  Amb.)ilc,  i-  a  Ihoiig  cilUe,  in  one  of  the  luh- 
te'rane  lus  jjailage-  ot  wli;ih  Lewis  Stor/.a,  duke  ol 
J\lilan,  was  kept  pr  loner  len  year.  I:i  one  ol  the 
two  ca>;e-  alto,  which  are  kept  in  ilii-  ia;Me,  cardinal 
Bj'vi',  Imhop  ol  .Algiers,   w.i- conlined  i'V  L    \h  XM. 

Chinon,  on  tiie  \  leime,  ha'  tour  liiuiclics.  Tiie 
iJeliratid  R.ilieh:.  was  a  naii\e  ol  ihi- town;  and, 
A.  I).  1  iK.y,  Hc'iy  II.  king  ot  F.ngland,  died  in  tin 
ta'.lk  111  re.  "I'en  1,  "^m  -  ioutli  o|  I'oui^  is  L.i  I  Fivne, 
the  birtii-j'.ace  't  tlu  v.eai  phik'lop'.cr  Des  Caite  . 

Tl.v  (iovcrinvnt  01  .^^•J^.^.I,  winch  \>  .'fi  IcMgues 
I'Mi^';,  Mui  i  ,  bioad.,  I-  li  ,11. id-  d  b\'  Foil  >u  t'l  ih  ■  loutli, 
b.  MiHU  I  1  [..'.■  iioilli,  bv  T.ioi  line  to  t'l;  call,  and 
I'V  Hreiagn.  to  the '.v.'.i.  li  1  luialui,  pica. ant,  and 
Well  waiirv.d. 


and  tome  remains  ot  R"man  antu|uitie-.  T'le  fw\ 
walls  of  the  cil\'wcre  Innll  b\  jolin,  king  01  Fngjai.d, 
and  iluke  of  Anjou.  The  h'Ulis  arc  all  lovi.rid  wud 
line;  oil  whuh  aci  ount  Aiigcis  is  ticiiueiiilv  calltd 
the  lil.ick 'Fowii.  '1  he  c.ilUe  I- lluiked  wiili  iS  larj^e 
loimd  tower-.  The  inhabitants  are  employed  cliietly 
in  ble.icliing  was  .uul  linen,  reliniiig  ruj>,ar  and  ni.ik- 
inii  lamblets,  Krgcs  and  line  woollen  llul!'-,  Ibipid 
with  lilk  and  gold,  h  1-  provcibialiy  laid  1  f  Angfrs, 
that  "  It  llaiid-  losv,  lus  high  llccjiles,  iicli  whures 
and  poor  Ich.'l  irs,"  In  the  new  di\ilioii  of  Fr.uiee, 
.-Xiiger-  is  the  chiei  lnwn  in  the  dcp.utment  ot  M.i.a 
and  L'lire. 

Ai  Chateaii-Ciontier,  on  tie  river  M.iiei'.nc,  a'";-  .1 
callle  and  Icveial  i  hunhe-..  with  manul.ietoiiei  ot  'inen 
cloili,  and  Urges,  and  mineral  Iprings. 

Saumur  1-  a  tw«n  on  the  touth  bank  of  the  river 
I  .oirc,  over  which  a  has  a  Hone  budge,  (ix  lea^Uig 
troiii  Anger- to  the  luitli.  1  Icre  are  a  caiUe,  leviral 
churches,  an  laiiicrlitv,  and  loine  tr.ide  m  lalt-petre, 
hi'". 11,  lleel,  'r.  nwoiks,  medals,  ring-,  cliajilets,  i.nd 
llnng-  ol  belli  .  Il  wa:  nae  ol  th;  lautioiury  tov.iis 
given  lo  the  I'rotillaiits;  and  dining  the  time  ot  a- 
biiiiy,  in  tliiir  hand-,  the  celebrate!  John  Cameton.  .-» 
Scoleh  divine,  was  tor  loiiii.  time  pinklforot  J)i,iiatv 
111  the  univerlity.  'Ihe  ihllrict  1  called  Sauaiiiiius  ; 
and  the  governor  ot  th.it,  a-  well  as  the  own  .md  lal- 
tle,  was  Icfoie  the  re\ohiii.in  independent  01  the  go- 
vernor oi  die  proMilce.  While  the  town  was  in  the 
liand-ol  liie  Frotellants  it  was  opulent,  but  hlsdeclimd 
linie  It-  bcint;  re-poiielied  i>v  t''e  Roman  Catlioliis. 

At  I)oe,  three  league,,  well  of  Saumur,  isalountain 
in  the  firm  c  t  a  huile-llioc,  wliii.h  i-  one  oi  the  gre.iiill 
curioliticb  111  l-raiKe. 

S  F  C  T  1  O  N      HI. 

Pcijons,  Dif{-'f:ii'.n\  Ciiflcms.  M.tnntrs,  Lci7rnin^,  A.'- 
l^^ioi,  iJi.  of  lie  I  iciuh, 

TFIF  Fren.  h,  in  tluir  pcrions,  an-  gcrtcrally  fl.ai- 
dei.  well  proportioned,  and  active.  Then  iuir 
and  eyes  arc,  tor  the  moll  put,  blaik,  and  their  con- 
plexions  brown,  which  i-  the  luppoled  caule  ol  tlie 
prevailing  cullom  ot  painting  aiiioagtt  the  temale-,  and 
even  lome  ot  the  other  lex.  'Fhe  tern  ales  of  the  bet- 
ter tort  are  more  ceiebiated  tor  their  Iprightly  wit  than 
perfonal  beaut\ .  The  pealanirv  are  ordin.ary  in  gen.  - 
lal.  A  n.itional  vaiiit\  i-  the  predominant  character  if 
ilie  I'liiu  li.  It  lu|ipoi:s  til' III  under  miskiiliin.s,  and 
trci|ikn!'y  iiaiiel-  tliem  to  actions  to  which  otiir  na- 
tions are  inl|iired  by  true  courage.  Thi-  natural  vaniiy, 
from  wlikh  the  country,  in  maiiv  inltances,  d^iives 
great  utilitv ,  and  which  betore  the  revolution  w.is  eon- 
i|iii  nous  onlv  in  the  higher  and  middling  ranks,  where 
it  prodiucd  excellent  oliicers,  now  per\atles  the  whoF" 
nation.  'Fliemein-  wlach  have  b.  en  I'Uriutd  bv  the 
pretent  g  ivernaieir,  there  lo  tlimulale  the  people  tire- 
liil  the  armies  i.l  the  allied  powers,  lia\e  rmiled  the 
loldiei-  to  .lets  ot  heioilm  .md  itii tepidity  whuh  allo- 
nilh  F.urope.  in  loiiuer  wars  it  wa-  a  j'liural  obierva- 
tion  rel|>eeiin.j,  till  fictuhand  Fnghlh.ihal  thelicnih 
oliicers  will  le.id  it  their  loldiers  will  tollow,  and  the 
Fnghlh  I'oldiei-  will  tbilow  if  their  oliicers  will  K.ul ; 
but  With  a  lleadv  inr.everance,  the  I'reiii  li  loldieis,  iij 
the  war  of  the  iivoluiion,  ailva  ued  lo  ilolc  lonibit, 
wxd  \'ok  many  |iieces  ot  the  artiilerv  of  theaihc-  wuli 
the  |H)iiil  ot   the  uavotict. 

Till-  lueiich  are  dillingiiilhed  by  their  p'llitenel^  ::n(l 
good  ilK' line;-,  which  ir.a\  be  t;a.  .d,  llioiiMJi  mditlii- 
eiit  prop,  itlons,  liirough  even  1  iik,  even  lo  t'lC 
loAcIl  mecMinii  ;  and  it  has  be>  n  leiiuiiked  bv  intel- 
ligent iraielkrs,  as  very  lingular,  tii.u  [vihtenels, 
wiiicli,  111  I  Vi'iy  other  countr\ ,  is  1  onlined  to  peo|'le  ot 
.1  Certain  rank  m  lilc,  lliould  here  pervade  e\ei\  liiua- 
lion.ind  piolellion.  'i'liele  [leople,  liom  tint  univer- 
lal  poll  ten.  Is  which  ch.iiaCteri/.s  then  nation,  have  been 
muilicciilurcd  lur  iiilinceiity:  uul  litib  charge  lla^  otteu 

bcit 


ther  i 
liibei 
coiivei 
c  'iiimi 
lender 
w  h  jle 
phia,!"; 
tlipui 
IlIK'l  1.1 

is  here 
cucri  il 

[1.  M,  M 

man, 
lo'in  1, 

llMl 
aleil  1, 
o-..;|. 
Iliaki: 

1   ,t  I 

Iki   I 


til 


tillV 
and 
mini 
,1  cm;. 

t   'lull 

w  iih  1! 
pain. 
Ill  pk 
1.  ndei 
all  die 
pel.!  r 

/"••'■■' 
can  111 

veied 

i|iieiic. 

jo.inei 

ilicis  I 

culoie 

jieoplc 


ll'.onRAMIY. 

antii|iiiti(.-.     T'\c  fiul 

luliii,  kiiifior  Knj^lai-.il, 

lies  :iii'  all  lovi. rul  with 

;cis  is  fraiutiiily  callul 

l^  lluikt'd  w  iili  1  H  l,irt;r 

lt^  aic  tiiii)l(jy(.'tl  tliitlly 

riliiiing  liii'.jr  ami  ni.ik- 

c  uoi'llfii  llul!>,  ilri]>ii| 

vciliialiy  laid  if  Anj^prs, 

1    llfcpivs,  rivli  wImivs, 

niw    <li\ilioii  t)l    lTaiu\', 

iliL-  ikiKirinitnt  ol  M,i;:i 

I, I.'  tivcr  Mail  tine,  ar;-  a 
ill  fna;u;ladoiii.-:>  i)t  'iiiiu 
il  Ipiings. 

imali   baiiL  1)1   ilie  river 

lone   hiid^c,   fix  !fa,;uig 

li.li'  .uc  a  caiUe,  Itviral 

luiiu  irailc  in  lalt-[virf, 

als,  riiip,^,  cliaplctb,  :.ml 

Hi  ill;  (.aiiiioiiary  tov.us 

i  ilmin':>  tilt-  nine  v\  a- 

oiatcl  julin  Caiiieroii,  a 

time  iirii|(.ll(jr  ot  DiMiiiiy 

rut  I    iiilltd   S.iu:mir(iis  ; 

Will  as  lilt   own  and  lai- 

n  independent  oi  tlic-  go- 

ik   the  town  was  in  the 

opul.'ni,  !'u:  h  isdi'dint  J 

s  i!',  Rinnan  Cutlioliis. 

lint  Savinuir,  i^aloimtain 

,ii.h  1..  one  I'l  tlie  "ileal'. li. 


O  N      111. 

.  Mmners,  Lcarmn^^  Re- 
//!'<•  iienJ.'. 

crions,  ari'  E,ci>cially  fli n- 
,i,  and  active.  Ti'.ei:  liiir 
ii'C,  hlai  k,  and  ihi'ir  eon- 
ihc  llippoled  caiile  ol  the 
g  a:iu)n;^ll  die  tcmales,  and 
Tlu-  lemak's  of  the  In  i- 
kir  thiir  Ipni'htly  wil  ihan 
i!Ui'\  are  oitlmary  in  t-V"'  - 
e  pii-donunant  chaia'ttiut 
\\\  uiuler  ini'-l'iitLinvS,  aiul 
itlions  to  which  ollv.  r  iia- 
iraju".  Tiiis  natural  vanitv, 
111  inanv  inlhinees,  derives 
'■e  the  revolution  wxs  >.on- 
aiid  middlini;  ranks,  wlure 
s,  no'A  per,  ides  tilt  wlmK- 
have  I). en  pur. tied  by  the 
lliniulaie  the  people  t.  ire- 
powers,  have  nulled  the 
md  intrepidity  \siiieli  alio- 
rs  It  wa^  a  j:eneral  ohlerva- 
id  Iuia,lilh,iliat  the  Iienih 
ildieis  will  tollow,  and  the 
it  their  oliicer--  will  lead  ; 
ice,  the  I'leui  li  loldieis,  in 
ailva'ued  lo  i  lole  ^  oiiilvit, 
c  aiiiileiv  o(  the  allies  witli 

illieil  by  their  piiliteinrsirnd 
be  tia.  il,  ihiii^li  in  ditiii- 
tveiA  link,  even  to  the 
is  bfi  11  leiluuked  by  iiitel- 
lin^ular,  that  p'llileiv. ! .. 
r\ ,  IS  I  onlined  to  peo|'.lt  ol 
d  lieie  p.ivade  cverv  lilua- 
■  people,  Iroin  tint  uinver- 
ri'/.es  their  nation, have  been 
y ;  but  iJiib  ehargc  hat  olteu 
bc.;i 


r.T'ROPE.] 


FRANCE. 


5^7 


I 


been  cairied  lo  )  far;  and  the  imputation  has  been  c,e- 
neiallv  o  vin^  to  their  excel')  ot  civility,  whieli,  ii  mull 
be  conlelleil,  throws  a  furpicioiis  light  upon  their  tan- 
d  uir.  It  niuft,  uix-n  the  whole,  be  admitted,  that 
muivi'l  the  Ficnch,  in  private  lite,  have  amiable  qua- 
lities; and  that  a  gieai  nundier  ot  inllances  ot'  <;enero- 
litv  and  dilinteri'il  'dnels  may  be  tound  amonc^ll  them. 

riie  l''reinh  all'ect  ireedoin  ani.1  wit.  Attention  to 
the  tair  dcj^enerates  into  gr.ils  loppcry  in  the  men,  and 
the  ladies  are  thargd  with  adnmiiiiL;  indecent  Iree- 
diHTi-,;  but  the  leemini!;  levities  of  both  lexcs  are  rarely 
aliciuled  with  that  uiininality  which,  to  people  not 
iiied  to  their  manners,  they  leem  to  imlicaiej  nor  aie 
the  luilhmd--  lo  inditKrcni,  as  rtrant!,i  is  arc  apt  lo  ima- 
gine, about  the  eoiKhii  of  their -.vivcs.  'llie  i-'reneh 
are  verv  ereduknis  and  liiii^ious,  but  bear  adverlity, 
and  reduciion  of  ciieunillanees,  with  peculiar  Ipivitj 
thouii'i,  in  prolpcntv ,  like  tiieir  fellow  mortals,  they 
.nr  ■  apt  to  be  in!oleni,  arbitrary,  and  imiurious.  An 
intci'isieiii  ir.aveller  remarks,  that  an  old  I'Ve.ich  ollii  er 
i-  an  entertainin;!,  and  inllrticiive  lompanion,  and,  in- 
tl.ed,  tl.c  moll  rational  Ipecies  ot  all  the  hrencli  i;enti'v. 
L'nder  the  reign  nf  their  kms^s  the  I'Vench  exhibited 
m.inv  (biking  pecii'iariiies  ot  character  not  to  be  t.iiiiii! 
un.Lr  th.' republican  j'overnment.  'I'he  tollowing  is 
an  extiact  Ironi  a  writer  eminent  lor  his  protiiieney  in 
peine  literature,   piiblillied  prior  lo  the  revolution. 

"  The  natural  levin  of  the  I'Vench  (fays  he)  is  re- 
inforced by  the  mull  piepollcrous  ediieatim,  and  the 
examjile  of  a  gidd\  ])eoplc  engaged  in  the  moll  trivo- 
loiH  purfiiit-.     A   I'Vinchm.n   is,  by  fome   priell   or 
nionk.  tauL'ht  toie.ul  Ins  niotiier  tongue,  and  to  fiv 
Ins  praveri  in  a  lan^ii  ije  he  iloe-  not  undeilland.     H. 
Iciin    t'l  dance  and  \<-n^c  by  the  mailers  ot  thofe  fci- 
eiicfs.     \\c  becom  ■>  a  complete  conn. 'illeur  in  drefling 
li.iii,  and  m  adorning  hi^  own  petiou,  under  th."  Iiand- 
aiid  inllruclions  of  his  barber  anil  valet  de  chambrc.  If 
he  learns  to  ]ilay  upon  the  flute  or  fnldlc,  h     i     ilt'ige- 
ther  irrelill.ble :   but  he  [uques  hi;ulelf  lipon  b_ing  po- 
liilied  above  the  native-^  ot  .'.:iy  oilier  cnu-.try,   by  Ins 
converfail.m  with  t!x'  fair  U\.     In  the  courfe  of  l,is 
C 'mmunieaiiin,  w.lh    wlui  h  he   is  indulged  Iroin   his 
teiulcr  years,  l-.c   learns,  like  a   parrot,  liy   rijtc,  the 
wlule circle  of  I'lencli  complimenis,  which  are  a  let  of 
pUrales  ridiculou    even  t"  a  procure,  ami   tliele  he 
tlir'HS''  out  indillriir.in  i.eiy  t  i  all  wome;i  Aiiiiout  ilii- 
liiK'tiin,   in  t'le  eX'.u  1  e  Ol  thai  kind  o!  addrels,  which 
Is  here  diliinguillied  by  tlie  name  orgallantiy.     It  is  an 
csereiK  bv  the  lepciitMii  o|    whieh   he   becomes   very 
]iert,  verv  familiar,  and  very  impertinent.     A  I'Veiuli- 
luan,  in  LO'ileOiUence  of  liis  min^'^lmg  wiih  the  lenial.s 
from  his  inl.itii  \ ,  not  only  be,  onits  aiijuamted  with  ail 
il;,ii    luibini--  .uid   huniuurs,  but  grows  wonderfully 
akit  in  [11  ilorming  a  thouland  little  oHiekS,  whiih  aie 
oVvilooked  \\\  others,  whole  time  hath  been  Ipeiit   in 
iiiakmg  moie  valuaiilc  accpnliti  ai--.     1  It  eiiuis,  with-  ; 
1    it  Ciiini'Mu,  a    l.ldy's  dKfliiig-ioom,   uhjc  the  is  at 
Iki  t'liltiie,  reaches  her  whatever  llie  ma\  want,  regu- 
l:.'i  s  the  dillriinilion  of  her  patclii,^,  and  ad\  if,  s  wli.re 
t  '  1 1\  on  piinl.     if  he  \iliis  her  wlien   Ihe  i--  dtilled,  , 
and  pei'ieivi-s  the  lean    rupriprieiy  in  her  c.Mllure,  he 
iiililb  i;])on  adjulbngii  with  his  own  haiuis.     It  he  fees 
.1  cuil,  Ol  evt  n  a  lingle   hair  amil-,   h;   pro.iiues   his 
c  .iiib,  Ins  f,  iirirs,  aiul  pomatum,  and  kt-  it  to  rights, 
wiih  ilic  dexteiiiv  ol  a  jii  'klkd  Iri/.ciir.     1-le  atmm- 
|;ani  s  hei    to  every  [>la,  e  llie  vilit  ,  either  on  bufintk 
I'l  pleaiute,  and,  bv  dedita.iiig  Ins  uh  le  time  to  hei , 
I-  lulei'-  himltll  ne,iiru\  to  her  oci.ilions.     In  ihoii,  oi 
.ill  die  loxcomb^  upon  the  l.iccul  the  eaitli,  .i  I'ltir  li 
pcl;t  »hiilre  1^  the  moll  imperiintnt ;  aiul  they  are  all 
pitr.  iiuittrrs,  irom  themariiuis,  who  glitters  in  lace  and 
enibioidiiy,  to  ;lie  •:\\i;  in  baibiue  (^isiiber's  bov)  lO- 
veied  with  meal,  who  llnits   with   his  hair  in  .i   long 
i|ueiie,  and  his  h.it  under  his  arm.     A  l''icneliman  will 
jooncr  pari  wiili  his  leligion  thin  hi-  hair.     'I'lie  lol- 
iliersiii  France  wear  ,i  \eiy  long  qir  iiti  .:'id  tin-  iidi- 
tiiloiis  lopiieiy  has  ile'Vendeil  l.i  the  Kiwill  i  kii ,  ot  the 
])eople.    The  boy,  who  cleans  lhoc.<  ai  ihe  comei  of » 


kreet,  has  a  tail  of  this  kind  hanging  down  to  his  rumji; 
and  the  beggai ,  who  drives  an  .afs  through  the  ilrcets  oi 
i'aris,  10  pick  up  a  miferable  livelihood,  wears  his  hair 
ctt  queue  ll.c'igh,  peihajis,   he  has  nofliirt. 

*'  When  a  llranger  liill  arrives  at  I'ari-,  he  finds  it 
nccellary  to  fend  f>r  the  taylor,  peruiiuier,  hatter, 
llioemaker,  and  every  other  trade!man  eo;icerncd  in 
the  equipment  of  drel-.  He  mull  even  change  lii-i 
Initkk's,  and  the  form  of  his  niifies;  and,  though 
at  the  ri/k  ot  Ins  life,  fuit  hi-  clothes  to  the  mode  of 
the  fealiin.  I'or  example,  tluiuih  the  weather  Ihould 
be  ever  \n  cold,  he  mull  wear  Ins  /.'nlilt  d'eic  [lummer 
luitj  or  dcmi  Jaifon  [mid  feali'n  )  without  preluming  to 
l)ut  on  a  warm  drtls  bef're  tlu  elay  wlmhtalliion  has 
tixed  for  thai  purjKife;  and  neither  old  age  or  infirmity 
will  exciife  a  man  for  wearing  his  hat  upon  his  he,.d, 
either  at  home  or  abroad.  Fennles  are,  if  p.ifhbk', 
llill  more  fubietl  to  the  caprices  of  falhim.  AH  their 
drelles  and  habits  mull  be  altered  ami  new  trimmed. 
Thev  mull  have  new  cajis,  new  l.aces,  new  (hoes,  and 
their  hair  new  cur.  They  mult  have  their  tatlaties  for 
the  lummer,  their  flowered  lilLs  for  llie  Ipriiig  and 
aiituinn,  ami  their  fat  tins  and  damalk  .  for  winter.  The 
m.n  too  mull  jnovide  theiiilcKes  with  a  camMet  fuit, 
trimmed  with  lilver,  for  Iprtiig  and  .uitumn,  with  filk 
clotiics  k)r  lummer,  and  cloth  laced  with  gold  or  vel- 
vet tor  winter;  and  they  mull  wear  their  bags  a 
la  p{^eo>i.  This  variety  ofdrefs  is  abuilutely  indilpen- 
lible,  lor  all  thofe  who  pretend  to  any  rank  above  the 
vulgar.  All  ranks  life  powder  ;  and  even  the  rabble, 
ec  e  jiding  to  their  abilities,  imitate  their  fuperiors  in 
the  .oppeiK  f  ol  lalluon.  The  tomnion  peop'e  of  the 
ciiiiniry,  however,  llill  retain,  without  any  material 
deviation,  the  old  talhioned  mode- of  drefs,  the  largo 
hat,  and  moll  en  a'mous  jack-boots,  with  fuiiabb 
Ipurs;  and  tins  contrail  is  even  iicreeivr.ble  a  few  miie-i 
Irom  I'.ui  .  In  large  cities  the  clergy,  lawyers,  phyfi- 
cians,  ami  merchants,  gcneraib  drels  in  black;  and  it 
has  been  o'.  ferved  that  the  I'ltnchj  in  their  modes  ot" 
drels,  are,  in  fome  meuiure,  governed  by  commercial 
eircumllance-." 

Tiie  diverlions  of  the  I-'rcneh  are  much  the  larne  .is 
lliole  ot  the  Mnglilli,  but  ihey  carr\  their  galiantrN  to 
anniih  greater  excel'-.  Th  people  of  talhion  aecom- 
plilli  iheml'elves  in  the  academieal  exereilts  ot  danc- 
ing, fencing,  and  riding,  in  the  practice  ot  which  thev 
exeel  all  their  neighbours  in  ikill  uni'igraceiulners  ;  and 
indeed,  lew  ol  the  common  jieople  are  withoiit  li>mo 
knowledi'.e  ol  thofe  cmbellilliments.  They  are  fond 
ot  luiiuing;  and  the  g'- ntry  have  no-.v  left  oil'  their 
lit'.uy  lack-boots,  their  huge  war-l'addle,ani.l  mmillroui 
cuib-bndle,  in  that  cxer,  iK,  an-1  accommodate  tlieiii- 
itivts  to  the  I'.ngliih  inanntr,"  _; 

The  Lite  celeaated  Dr.  (loldfmith  has  beautifully 
ilepided  the  French  nation  in  the  following  line^ . 

To  kinder  (kies,  where  gentler  manners  reign, 
1  mm,  aiul  I'rance  dilplays  her  bright  domiin. 
(ia\  Iprighily  land,  ol  nurth  ami  loci.il  eafe, 
I'leas'd  with  thvislf,  whuiiiall  in.  world  can  pleafe: 
Ikuvoiicn  have  I  led  le.»  Ip 'itiv  e  choir. 
With  lunelcfs  pii)e,  belid-  ihe  murmuring  Loire, 
\\  here  Ihading  elms  along  the  margin  grew. 
And  fielhen'd  from  the  wave  the  zeplnr  flw, 
Aiul  liaplv,  th'j'  mv  liailh  toiu.h  fali'ring  llill, 
Ikit  mock'il  all  tune,  and  marr'd  the  dancer's  Ikill, 
Yet  wou'd  the  villa';e  pra.le  my  wond'rous  pow\r, 
And  dance,  fH;.:iiiulot  the  noor.-lide  hour. 
Alike  all  aiv's ;  ilanics  ol  ,uu  lent  da\  s 
i  lase  led  iIku  chihlien  tin,)'  ide  mirthful  maze; 
And  the  gay  gr  uidlire,  ikiH'el  m  gelb.c  lore, 
1  his  Inlk'd  beneath  the  burden  of  threeli  oi\'. 

So  bl-  f-'d  a  life  thafe  ilioii.'ntkfs  realm-  diiplav; 
Tliii   idly  biny  rolls  their  world  away. 
Theiisaie  ihofe  aru  that  mind  to  min  1  Mide.ir; 
For  honour  lorms  th,  todal  temper  fe;e. 
HiiiMiii,   ill  .t  p  aile  which  i\a!  ir,e;il  [^uns, 
Ol  e'en  iiiiai!,inary  worlli  obtains, 


y 


u.i 


A  NEW,  ROYAL  and  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  or  UNIVERSAL  fiI.()(.RAriIY. 


iipa 


m 


£  'I 


^\  . 


]  IcTf  p.ill'csniircnt-,  p.iul  i'rom  li.inil  to  liaiul. 

It  llutt^.  Ill  tjikndul  tiai!'n.  louiulihc  l.itul. 

I-h-m  uHirtsi.^  iMmp'-,  to  ci>tt;i)j,.-s  it  ll rays, 

A'ul  all  aiclaiiL'lu  an  avarice  nf  praiic. 

Tlii'V  plc.il'  ,  arc  jikM^M  ;  tlic\  give  to  i;ct  i  lUi-ni, 

Till,  Itcmiii;.;  I'lcl'-M,  tlicy  j;r.'\v  to  what  ilicv  Icciii. 

But  -vlulc  iliis  loltt-r  art  ilicir  blil'^  luiipia^. 
It  givis  their  l.'ilio  alio  room  lo  rile; 
l-'or  prail'c  too  ckarK  V'\\],  or  warmly  ("o\ri,ht, 
EiiiccMc^all  iiin-riial  llrcngili  of"  thoii,'.lii  ; 
Aiul  the  w\ak  ri>iil,  within  itttlt'uiibiclt. 
Lean   lor  all  pilcal'urc  on  annther's  hreall. 
Hence  olU:i:atu:n  here,  witii  tawilry  art, 
PaiUb  tor  the  vukarpraile  whuh  t'Hi.s  inii>art. 
Here  vaiiit\  aliumc'  h.r  pert  griiuat; , 
And  trim--  her  coat  ot  tri/.e  with  to])per  hue. 
Here  begtjar  pride  ilelr.'aals  hcrdaiU  claer. 
To  boallone  Iplcndid  lianciuit  once  a  year. 
Tlie  mind  liiil  tiirn^  where  Ihifiiii^  talhion  draws, 
Nor  weighs  the  I'olid  worth  ot'  Ull-applaule. 

Such  is  the  chai-acler  of  the  Frencli  people  pri-ir  to 
the  revolution.  W'lih  the  change  in  the  s;overnmeiit 
h'lwever  there  has  been  no  fmall  change  in  their  uil- 
toma  and  ihlpofitions.  The  (lililcultic^  which  appealed 
bctore  them,  the  hea\y  weight  ot  iiaiional  debt,  and 
the  iintrii.ndh  condiici  ol  tuighboiiring  power<;,  have 
given  a  new  turn  to  Mieir  inirluit'-.  All  th.e  zeal  which 
E'renihni-n  tornierlv  exeitcd  tor  their  kiii<j,  appears 
now  III  priCs  torwaid  tor  the  deilruetion  ot  monarchy. 
There  i.  a  tincUire  of  tVrocitv  in  tiieir  ch.uacter  ver\ 
o]  polite  to  that  we  have  beer,  delineating  in  the  pre- 
ceding part  ot  this  t'cction.  From  trlvolitv  and  trilling 
all  ranis  appear  tube  engaged  in  the  canl'e  of  tlie  day. 
Enconipatled  as  thiv  were  with  niemie'-,  everv  ner\c 
was  exerteil,  and  the  lollowing  decicc  was  palled  by 
the  convention  to  rou/c  every  one  to  .u-'ivity.  "  The 
young  men  lliall  ni.irch  to  battle;  i  he  man  it  d  men 
iliall  to'-ge  arms,  and  tranlpoit  provili.nis  the  wohk  n 
flviU  make  teni-  and  deaths,  and  wait  in  the  hol'intals; 
iheciuKiren  Ilia  1  m..ke  lint  ot  old  linen;  tlie  oUI  nitn 
lliall  cauletheiiilelvcs  to  be  carried  to  tlicpublii  t'lHiar^s, 
to  excite  the  coiiiag;c  o(  the  warriors,  to  preach  hatred 
againtl  kings,  ami  thf  unity  ot  liic  republic." 

Their  ilile  ot  living  at  ilii-  period  ma\  appc-ar  i'l  the 
th.ira.'i.'r  of  ie  IMeMer,  one  ot  tlie  member^  ot  the 
convention,  who  wa^  miirdered  by  a  woman  of  the  name 
ufX'orday  for  having  voied  torthe  death  of  LewisXVi. 
He  wa'.  a  gciiiLmaa  o|  coiihderable  tortune;  but,  in 
the  I'pirit  ot  ti.e  tiiiKS,  he  dwelt  in  lidgings  in  Pan-, 
for  the  purpol'e  of  not  being  at  the  (.xpenccMt  luppon- 
ing  a  houfhold,  which  wiuild  have  b.c;i  neeetrary  had 
lie  rciidtdin  his  own  manlion. 

The  native  ciiar.aeter  ol  the  people  iiul-.td  ;'p]Har- 
to  be  aetivitx.  l.'niler  the  reigii  ot  an  aiikihitc  mo- 
narch this  diliioliiKin  dileovered  itiill  in  tie  ch.iraeUr 
cifagalant;  the  Ihare  the\  now  ha\e  luthegov.in- 
nient  hasdivcrted  it  toother  oliKeb.  In  boili  thai  ic- 
ters  perhaps  ifiey  have  been  in  the  exiieine;  and  a 
luiure  period  may  exhibit  them  not  lo  lull  oi  tnvolny 
a^  at  one  time  nor  lo  t'eveie  a^  at  another. 

With  all  their  dvk:ts,  the  l-'rcncli  have  manv  g  i'hI 
i,iiahiK-,and  :'.re  very  refpeftai'le  tor  thegreai  atti  iition 
they  pay  to  llrangcrs,  and  the  general  take  tor  lUv-rature 
whivh  prevails  amongll  th"teot  the  higher  ilat  .  Tlie 
I'leneh  literati  have  great  influence  even  in  the  ga\  ami 
diHipaud  city  ot  Paris.  Their  opinions  determine  the 
merit  ol  w  .rks  o|  taile  and  Icience. 

I-'iance  li.o  piodiiced  many  men  who  Hand  in  the 
liighcll  ellimation  m  the  Icveral  deiiartnieiii-  ol  literi- 
ture;  luch  as  Racine,  C'lrneille,  Mol'.ere,  Hoileaii, 
I'al'.al,  the  archbilhop  of  Cainbray,  Moiuikpiieu, 
J)'Argen,  V'oUaire,  and  others  not  to  omit  the  cele- 
biateil  Madame  Dacier.  1)  Uartes  was  the  gre  iiell 
pliilolophcr  ot  his  time.  D'Aleml  erl  llands  eiiiineiii 
lor  matlieir.atical  knowledge;  as  does  Biitlon  tor  that 
of  natural  hitior\ . 

i  lie  French  languaj^e  i>  chielly  ciJiiipokd  ot  woid 


ladiially  (k rived  trom  tlie  Latin,  with  fome  derived 
Irom  the  (ierman,  as  intriduced  by  the  Fianks.  Lew- 
is Xl\'.  who  liberally  patroni/ed  everv  plan  that  ttiid- 
ed  'o  11'.  advancement  and  perlectioii,  lucceeded  lo 
happily  as  to  leiukr  it  the  moll  univerl'al  of  all  the 
living  tongues;  a  circuiiitl.iiue  whuh  e(]ually  pro- 
moted his  gieatnels  and  glorx  ;  tor  ins  court  .uul  na- 
tion therebv  became  tlu  Iclmol  ot  arts,  kiences,  an;l 
politer.ets.  Wiihielpei't  to  ihe  properties  of  the  Ireiul; 
language,  the\  are  ceit.iinly  niterior  to  the  Ilngiiih) 
but  they  aie  well  adapted  to  tiii'ieets  void  of  clevaiioii 
or  palhon,  and  admirably  ai  comiiiodatcd  to  dalliance, 
compliment,  and  common  converl.itioii.  ft  i-  g  lu 
rallv  iinderllood  throughout  f'Aiiojv.-;  .md  perloiis  m 
the  higher  elalles  ot  lite  are  deemed  diheieni  in  poliie 
aceompirhment'.  without  a  tolerable  knowledge  ot  i;. 
Tills  is  bell  to  be  acquired  by  trctpaent  convirlatam 
with  Freneh  people  of  all  ilaties  upon  their  own  fpot. 

The  prev.uling  religion  ot  Iraiicc  is  the  Roriari 
Catholic,  Ini'  toleration  is  now  given  to  all  religions  I  y 
the  national  convention.  Hit. 're  the  revolution  there 
were  .'CO,ooo  eci  Ictiatlic,  with  ih  :'.ri  hbilhops  ami 
iiS  billiop.,  who  polkti'il  a  uven'.'.e  of  O,oco,c 
llerliiig.  Theie  wire  aho  oc,o-;ei  nuns.  In  Novem- 
ber, I  7S(),  the  national  alieriil)'v  declared  ail  eccleti.ut.- 
tal  prop,_rty  was  .:i  the  diipoiil  ot  ii:e  nation,  luiik.-t 
to  ilie  charge  ot  providing,  i:ia  proper  manner,  tor  the 
expenceot  divine  worlluji,  the  ti;|i|)onot  the  miiiille;-, 
of  the  I  iiurch,  and  the  reikf  o,  the  jioor.  I'liere  is  now 
onlv  one  biflinp  to  each  tiei..;rtment,  and  a  great  re- 
duaion  of  the  eiilur  cl.igv.  M  mallei  ir?,  ;\c.  uie  abo- 
lilhed;  monks,  tiiars,  aiul  nun',  a:c  hbeiaied  from 
their  vows;  a;id  luch  as  have  no  other  relource,  have  a 
Imall  llipend  failed  by  tlie  government. 

s  !•:  C  T  I  O  N     I\'. 

MiKufj:hiyc.\  TruJr.  Coiniiirrce,  Coin,  Government,  Ri- 
ti/v/d',   Tiixes,  tJc,  of  brance, 

THE  Freneh  have,  within  the  lall  century,  been 
ver\  aiiklu 'US  lo  improve  their  tmnutaclurcs. 
1  he  moll  admirable  works  in  t.ipi.fli\,  tiliigree,  and 
leulpture,  arc  exeuited  at  the  (I  ibelins  in  I'aris.  The 
li!k  manufacture  was  carried  to  gre.it  |i,rteet ion  during 
(he  reign  ol  Lewis  Xl\'.  and  at  this  time  the  citv  ot 
Lvon-  excels  in  producing  the  linclt  lilks.  Tiie  wool- 
len maiuilaeiiires  at  /\bl)evi!le  are  !;t!le  interi'.r  to  the 
I'.ngiilh.  The  manuf.ietories  of  lo.ip,  thre.iil,  lace, 
linen,  Jiaper,  g'.its,  porcelain,  cambrics,  lawns,  arms, 
aitillery.  lalt-peire,  brandy,  N.C.  are  very  conliderable; 
but  in  th oie  of  haid-ware,  toys,  uold  and  lilvirla.  e, 
^;e.   the  I'rench  arti/.ans  ..re  out-tlonc  by  the  Englilli. 

ILforc  the  revolution  tlie  trade  antl  commerce  ot 
France  labouretl  under  great  ilila'l vantages,  inalmu.  h 
a-  merehants  .iiul  tr.adeis  ucre  n  \  held  in  lo  honour i- 
ble  a  he.i.t  as  th.ey  arc  m  Fngfind;  hcr.ce  the  ])>. ira 
part  ol  the  Freneh  noliility  and  nolileUe  loughi  em- 
plovments  in  ihe  ari'.iy,  clunali,  .iiivl  law.  The  Hate 
of  thecounirv,  in'ilv.das  il  iioa  is  in  vvar  with  the 
powers  allied  lo  lell  're  the  antitnt  governmeni,  has 
ali'oided  no  opportiiniiy  to  alciriain  the  Ipirir  aiul  dil- 
[loliiii'n  of  the  people  vMth.  r>fpe-t  t"  trade. 

Mnn of  ihe  iiiie'  oi  Frar.ce,  belore  the  revolution, 
had  the  liberiy  of  coinage, each  he.ving  peculiar  marks 
to  dittinguilli  tlieirrelpeetive  piece-  ;  thele  mints  weir 
under  the  inl'peetion  oi  the  Cour  de  iMonnoics,  or 
mint  eourts  ol  I'lns,  Lwnis,  and  I'm.  Since  the  re- 
V'llutioii  the  mints  havi  leen  luppreJli'd  in  every  rilv 
but  I'aiis. 

Aicounts  are  kept  in  livrcs,  fous,  and  dcniers. 
Twelve  ileniers  arc  eijiial  to  a  1  ■!  or  tou,  or  a  hili- 
pcnnv  I'.iu'hlli;  an<l  lo  I'ous  ni.ike  a  livie.  'Fhe  deiiiei 
IS  a  tniall  copper  piece  ;  but  lols  and  livivs  arc  only 
imaginary  coin..  The  li.ird  i-  another  copper  com, 
eiiu'.!  to  three  deiiu  r-.  An  ecu  i-  vvoith  .'s  (ul.  a  loins 
blane  5  .  a  pillole  us  .(il,  and  a  louis  d'or  il.  Ika- 
ling. 

Lntil  the  vear  i7t'9  the  government  of  I-ran<e  was 
an  ablolutc  uiuiiarchy.  bein!j,  loleiy  veiled  iii  thekin>'. 


» :; 


r.r.or.RAPHY. 

atiii,  with   Ionic  ilcrivcd 

cii  liy  the  iMaiik-;.     Li-.v- 

/  J  iMiv  plan  that  tiinU 

|Krlectiwn,  liictiMlcd  Ui 

molt    univcrlal  of  all  tin,- 

iKc  whiiii   ciiuaiiy    pro- 

\  ;  tor  his  court  arul  in- 

>iK)l  of  arts,  fciencc-s,  ami 

K|)roi>crtiis  oftlif  I'leiuti 

■  ;nt,  nor  to   tlic    I'',iiu,!iili) 

Illi'if-'IS  VOlii  of  l-ltV.ll  i,Ml 

Ci'm::i.)il,ucil  lo  il.illi.iiiLC, 

couvi.  rl.it  1011.     It  i-  ^  iH 
I  Hinopj  ;  anil  pirl'oiis  m 

JrciiKii  littiiicni  ill  iHiliii; 
tokrablc  kiuiwKil^c  ot  i;. 

by  tr(.q.icMt   loiiwrlacun 
lilt-  iipnii  tiii-ir  own  I'i  rt. 
ot    li.iiicc  IS  till;  Ro'-.  n 
\v  fi'.vtii  to  all  idiL^ion   t  v 
?- 1  '!.■  the  rcvohitinii  tiitii. 

With  i.S  :in  hbilhops  .ind 
I  a  !;\v;)'.;i.'  of  (i,ooo,r 
c.cj.T  iiuiib.  In  Novcm- 
ilvv  ilvi-lareil  ailutclclii;!.- 
liil  t)/  li;e  iiatiwii,  (uim.-: 
in  a  |)rop(.r  ni.uiiirr,  foi  tlic 
!).■  Ii:;.j).;n  oi  th'j  iiiiiiilK-,', 

o,  iliL-  poor.  I'licrc  IS  nmv 
|...rtnKiit,  anil   a  great  rc- 

.\I  Mialleriis,i\c.  aic  abo- 
nuiis  are  libcraiid  from 
.•  no  other  rclourcc,  have  a 
VJM'iiiiiitni. 

()  N     IV. 

rcc,  Cci't,  Governmenl,  Ri- 
'c.  of  tiiUhe, 

hin  till'  lal\  cciittiry,  li..ca 
^jHov.-  their  ni.inul.iciurcs. 

in  f.ipilln,  filligrce,  nn^l 
he  (I  ibeliiis  in  I'.iri';.  Tiic 
I  to  ^rc.it  jirte-.tion  tluriiig 
ml  at  t!ii<  tinie  the  citv  ot 
he  tiiielt  lilks.  The  wool- 
lie  are  hti!-.-  inferior  to  the 
ies  of  io:ip,  thread,  laci', 
lin,  cambries,  lawn',  arn.s, 

iS.c.  are  very  eon(ii|jr;ibL'; 
toys  tii'1'1  'ind    lilvc  |-  la:  e, 

out-ilone  jiy  the  Iji^lilh. 
•  trade  anil  comiiurce  of 
It  ilifi' .vantages,  inalmui  li 
re  n  .t  held  in  lo  honoiira- 
'Jigl.md;  hcrac  the  ])  >  irc  r 
y  and  iio'.ileH'e  loo^hi  em- 
irih,  and  law.     The  Hue 

it  now  IS  in  war  with  the 
'  aniient  gnviTnnuni,  has 
ilixriain  the  Ipuii  aiul  ihi- 
, Ipt'-t  ti i  tiade. 
nee,  beiore  the  revolution. 
Mch  having  peculiar  inaik. 
e  piece'  ;  ihele  minis  werr 
;  C'our  tie  iMoniioics,  or 
S  and  I'au.  Since  the  re- 
en  luppreJled  in  every  titv 

ivrc-i,    lous,    and    ilcniei';. 

a  I  ■!  iir  lou,  or  a  h;il!- 
5  ni.ike  a  livre.  The  deniei 
t  lols  and  li\ri's  arc  only 
.1  i-   anoiher  cippcr  coin, 

ecu  i-  wiiitli  .",  fill,  a  loins 
uul    a    louis   d'or    il.   liei- 

p,o\eriiinent  of  I'rame  wa'. 
iji,  lolely  veiled  ni  the  kin;',. 


EUROPE.  I 


FRANCE. 


8:9 


The  kin;j,doiu  was  div  aieil  into  a  number  of  provinces, 
over  each  of  which  ua-.  appwinied  a  kind's  lieutenant- 
ge11cr.1l,  an  I  a  tupeiintendant,  wh'j,  in  (0:11c  r^l pens 
rcliimbled  tiic  loid-li.ut  nam  ot  the  lounii  s  in  Imil',- 
land  ;  bin  ih,  ir  poweis  ^vere  fir  luor^.  cxie;:li,j.  Dil- 
tni)Utive  iiillijc  wa^  .idiiiuiilteicd  by  pailiani  ■ins  eh, 1:11- 
ber-.  of  aeconnts,  lointsol  a;d,  plelidial  couil^,  ;;eiic- 
lalili.s,  ekciioiis,  nid  oilier  c  uiris.  T'lie  courts  of 
paili  inie.  t  w  re  t.'.elve,  v  1/,.  thole  ot  Paris,  Tli  luloule, 
Koucii.  'if  noI)l  ,  Boiirde.uix,  Diion,  Aix,  Rennes, 
Piu,  M  li!.  H  far.f  'II,  and  Djuay.  H^I'iJes  tiiefe  there 
wer.-  Ilipei  i>.r  couni  iS  kept  ,u  C  iliii.r,  I'erpignan,  and 
in  the  ]HoviiKe  ot  Ail. 'is.  Tliele  courts  conlilled  ot  a 
Certain  nimiber  ot  ])ieliden!s  and  interior  naiges,  wlio 
IMUihatel  their  pLiets.  The  parliament  of  Paris  was 
t!ie  inoll  loiilidcralile  ;  lor  hither  the  king  IrequentU 
«. ame  in  peilon,  and  here  his  royal  eiliels  were  recorded 
aad  pr.;:ir.ilged,  liil  when  they  had  not  the  toice  ot 
l.iAs.  It  '.vas  eompoled  oi  peers  of  tlvj  re.ilm,  and  was 
iheonb  paili.-.mini  that  had  an\  mrildii-'lion  oeei  tluiii. 
The  kiiii^doiii  wa-  divided  into  gencraliiies,  or  diltrie'ls, 
in  uieh  ot  "Aiiieh  commonly  w,i-  an  olii.e  ot  the  irea- 
fiii'.'r-,  and  the  king's  commill'iry  or  iiiiendant.  The 
{;  ner.iliiies  were  I'ubdivided  into  el  clii'ns  lubordinate 
to  die  generalities,  and  which  ioinputed  the  proportion 
wliie!)  ever\  parilh  in  ilie;r  divilion  (liould  r.iife  of  the 
limi  cleiuaiided  iiy  tl'C  g.  11'.  r:iliiy,  and  Iviit  out  their 
Old.  rs  aicordingly.  I'oradminitljing  luilice,  and  pu- 
nilhing  iinmnals,  tli  re  were  iiiagillr.'.t...:,  in  every  lon- 
ti, triable  lo'.  11,  who  were  eomni'  nly  lawyers,  appointed 
I  y  I  he  king,  i.illed  dilLreialy  in  divers  places  ;  m  lonie 
b.-.llifts,  111  others  pru\olis,  in  others  lenelehals;  b.ut 
ilui;  p.Aver  and  duly  were  liiueh  the  I.e.nc. 

In  ilie  vear  \'i'''(),  tlie  ivlitl.ance  which  liiil  the  par- 
liament, aierwards  the  notable.!,  and  LilUy  the  general 
aliemily  01  the  iLite'>,  ni.ade  againll  regillering  an  etliel 
tor  railing  money  was  the  me:'.ns  ot  changing  t!ie  go- 
v,  rniner.i  ol  Tranee  into  a  limited  monauhy.  In  ijyz 
tin  Ung  was  dethroned,  anil  Prance  became  a  rijiub- 
h'  ;  the  I'uinvnie  power  relling  in  the  convention  or 
national  ali'iiiibly,  who  are  elected  annually  by  general 
IiitiV.agc  ol  the  |!eopl  •,  who  have  been  lix  moiitiiS  reti- 
deiit  in  one  lioute  at  the  lime  ol  election.  The  pro- 
poilionot  members  tkcted  is  one  in  ab  ut  40,000 
C'li/.eiis,  and  in  cafe  two  caiuhiLue^  liuniKI  have  an  I 
iqu.il  number  ot  fullV.iges,  the  eKIell  is  lelurn'al.  The 
I  xeciiii\e  couiiiil  ha-  tlie  ailnnnitliative  [lart  01  the 
;\o'  erniiu  ni,  and  conlills  of  24  perf /ns  ihoxu  by  the 
I'liAeiiiion  from  a  body  loinud  by  the  return  ot  one 
iiiemi.er  in  eaih  dei>artment.  In  ellablilliing  llie  new 
iM'eni  'if  governiiKnt  and  ».ivil  lurifpriulenee,  the  at- 
lembly  ha', e  let  .11.  'e  p,e,lial  I'livilegi  and  am:,  in  (ul- 
tonis,  and  l.udJ.owii  mie  general  tyilein  01  i',\il  a;;il 
irimoKil  \i\K  lor  the  whoK  nation,  in  whi.  h  one  of  the 

I  adir.g  features  isthe  trial  b\  jury  as  in  l''.ii';land.  Vn\- 
t;.e  more  ready  ad:iiiniil!alioii  t,t  lullice  tne  nainii  is 
divided  into  dqAmiiient>,  dillriets,  and    munici'pali- 

lie-. 

The  l:i.\e  paul  by  tiie  eomnvin  jieople  during  the 
111011. Ill  hv,  Ixiides  liie  exiraor(.linai\  ones  in  time  ol 
wii.  weie  lis  fori s.  1.  The  taiile,  a  turn  p.idve.uly 
b.  iver'v'  h.iule-h  'Kiel.  :u  cording  to  his  lubilanee  aiul 
lanvly;  fr.im  ,\hi  h  the  nobility,  i.krgy,  and  irown- 
oiiieer-,  ivere  exempt.  2.  Thet.ullion,  paid  b\  the  lame 
j'vti  -.w  .is  ihe  t:ml. ,  a.iiounting  to  about  one  third  ot 
liiat.  ;.  Sublilieiue  nr.nev,  tor  tiiblillenee  of  ih  ■ 
lokliers   ill   winter,  Iv,    w!;:e',i  the  iiibi>  c\  was  ex.  uud 

II  "ill  iree  i|uarier-;  paid  by  the  fame  perfons,  and  in 
the  l.uiie  111. inner,  ,'.•-  tne  two  tormer,  4,  Cutloms  on 
imports  and  exports,  5.  The  gabelle,  a  duly  on  liilt, 
whuh  I  In  king  alone  had  a  right  to  f.  11.  livery  fiiiiily 
was  obliged  to  lake  a  ceruim  quaniity  yearly,  an^l  pay 
thedui\,  whether  tliev  cnuhl  contome  it  i  r  ni:t.  d 
Small  exuiesujioii  all  ncceli'.'iiie  ■  ol  hie,  farms,  and 
other  demetiies  of  the  eiinMi.  Other  i.i.xes  were  the 
fajiii;ili"ii  or  poll  lax;  the  iclhs  ol  ,ill  elliies,  oliices, 
and  employmentii;  ihe5oili  p. liny,  from  whieli  neither 
iiobilitv  or  clergy  were  exempted;  and  the   lotlia  or 

No.  79. 


free-gifts  of  thedergy.  VaR  Itims  were  alio  f  nrr.tim  i 
railed  by  railing  and  lowering  the  coin  at  pie  fire,  by 
compounding  debeiiiuies  and  govcrnm  nr  bill-,  and 
oth'roppreni\e  mean-.  The  whole  kiiv.'.doni,  inlliorl, 
was  bot  one  »',ieat  firm  to  the  erown.  At  the  revolu- 
tion all  taxes  u.re  repeil  il  ;  and  the  pr.  fent  r'.fotirr.s 
of  (he  government  arile  from  the  lei/.ur  ■  of  the  richer 
ot  the  church,  and  of  the  church  lands;  t'r  ^ni  th  ;  lun- 
filc.ition  ot  the  etfeets  of  thofe  who  are  diliiii'e<!:ted  to 
the  government;  and  by  a  tax  on  projicrtx,  evt'ry 
individual  being  obliged,  under  [lain  ul  iLatli,  t  )give 
a  true  llateinent  ot  his  wealth. 

Dining  the  monarchy  the  nobility  conlil'  1  of  lour 
chiU'es,  viz.  primes  ot  the  blood,  high  nob.niv,  urdi- 
n.iry  nobility,  and  modern  nobiliiy.  He  w  im  was 
nearell  to  the  crown,  a  ter  the  king's  eliiklren,  wis  tf.c 
lirtl  piince  of  the  bk'ol.  Among  the  hi;;;:er  iv.ibihty 
the  dukes  and  count-,  jjcers  of  France,  r.ad  the  pre- 
cc'ilenee:  they  allilled  at  the  unction  ot  a  Lmi',  at- 
tended when  he  held  a  lit  itd  Jtiliice,  or  k;i  of  jujlice, 
and  tnjoyed  a  tiat  in  the  puh.imcni  01  Pan-.,.  In  this 
ilals  were  likeivile  iiu  hided  the  kniglits  of  the  Holy 
Cdioll,  the  governors  of  provi;iees,  and  lieut.nant- 
generak,  with  tome  oilier  iluke-,  count  ,  and  mar- 
quill'es.  The  ordinarv  nobihiv  were  diviiled  into  wo- 
Mijji  de  nue  at\i\  noL'rffe  lie' iifiiJaiiCL:  Ti.e  modern  or 
new  no'.iiliiy  were  loch  as  the  king  grinted  le:t.;rs  of 
nobility  t),  orconierred  fome  plax-!  upon,  bv  which 
they  becime  cnnobleil.  'J'iie  ord.:s  ol  knigli'hood 
were  tliofe  of  St..\lieha-,'l,  inllituied  in  146)-  the  or- 
AkV  ot  the  H-ily  (jh  ill,  fouiidi'd  in  1  ;7H  ;  an  I  the 
order  oi  St.  Lewis,  which  was  iniliiuted  by  Levis 
Xl\'.  The  tirll  conlilled  of  100  knighi?"  the  fe.onil 
■•i  the  la;nc  number,  with  the  lovcreign  ■.'.  .f  head; 
and  the  third  was  a  military  order,  tor  th.;  encourage- 
ment of  otiieers  of  merit.  One  of  the  f\r\\  effects  of 
the  revolution  was  the  fetting  atide  all  the  above  dif- 
tindi'ins;  even  the  general  and  familiar  addreis  of 
Moiilieur  li.as  been  involved  in  this  chang.-,  and  all 
men  are  aec-.illed  wiih  the  aji|ielLuio;i  of  Citi/.en. 

'Ihe  bate  kings  titles  were  Lewis  XVI.  b',  ilie  s.',Taec 
of  (j.id  kin;',  of'  France  and  Navarre.  His  fubi  ctsin 
writing  or  Ipeaking  called  him  Sire;  lorcigners  c:ilkd 
him  tlie  Moll  Chrillian  ;  and  the  pope  gave  him  the 
a;)pellarii>n  iif  The  I'Udeil  S.ni  ot  the  Ciuirch.  Tl;.; 
ion  of  the  kiiigol  l-'ranee,  antl  heir  to  t'le  crown,  was 
tilled  Dauphin.  The  prelent  government  does  ivc 
take  any  honorary  apjiellaiion. 

SECTION     V. 

CONCISE    HISTORY    or    FR,\NCE. 

FRANCE  was  anciently  inhabited  b\  a  people  called 
Celfa;,  on  wh.im  the  R.im;iii  tiril  conterred  the 
iia;ne  of  (iauls,  when  Jiilius  C.e.ar  reduced  their  coun- 
tr\  into  a  Roman  province. 

(iaul  tontinued  in  polfeifion  of  t!ie  Romins  till  the 
Uibverlion  of  the  empire  in  the  li'ih  ceniur\,  when  it 
became  a  prey  to  the  Cloths,  the  IJurguiulians,  and  the 
Franks,  wno  fuivjucd,  but  ilid  not  extirpate,  the  an- 
cient iritives.  I'll-'  Fi.iiik-,  who  gave  it  ihe  name  of 
Fiankenl.ind,  or  l-'rance,  we;e  a  coUeetion  of  leveral 
pcojile  inhabiting  ( iermany,  but  more  particularly  ot 
the  i-  Ui,  who  lived  on  the  banks  ot  the  river  Sale, 
and  were  more  pohllud  thin  tiuir  neigliboiirb.  The 
Saiii  had  a  l.iw  that  they  held  in  (vcticular  veneration, 
which  w.is  to  cxcliikle  all  tem.iles  from  regal  po.ver,  or 
the  inheritanee  of loveivigntw  This  law  wa^  jirelerveJ 
b'l  the  French,  and  known  by  the  name  ot  the  Salie  or 
S.iliquc  L  iw. 

The  l-'r.inks  :iiid  15urgiindians  p.uvclled  out  the  l.iiids 
to  their  leveral  leaders,  who,  ''  length,  atfumed  inde- 
[Kiukncy,  but  llill  ;icknou  ledged  the  knij,  :is  their  110- 
iiiin.il  head.  Hence  arole  thole  ikkikious  principali- 
ties and  Ikues  into  which  l''r,m,  e  w.is  aiK  lenlly  div  iiled  ; 
and  trom  this  f'ource  originated  iho.c  l.veral  p.irlia- 
tiients  mentioned  in  the  prceedin^j  leelion, 

10  I.,  Clovis, 


:i 


1'!J] 


%\ 


Syo       A  NRW.  ROYAL,  anh  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  ok  I'NIVr.RSAF.  riKOGRAniY. 


^'r!ra''i 


(!  l< 


Cluvis,  who  Ifcin  his  ni'Mi  A.  !>.  .}''.S,  wis  the  lirll 
Chilli i:iti  Till 'iKii ill  of  the  1-rinks  I'lom  till"-  pcrioil 
the  I'lcrnh  liilloix  ben  nus  iiiipoicint ;  ti\il  tnuis  to- 
reign  war ,  jicai  uiieipri/.. «,  .iiul  iiohiicil  events  lill 
the  iMi;c«. 

Prior  toCliiiKmii.'iic,  ihi- lirll  race  ol  tlie  I'leiich 
Willi's  h.wl  manv  MiM(lv  w;us  with  the  Sai:uens,  who 
TCtalialiil  upon  the  polUritv  ot  the  (iotlis  a:ul  X'ardals 
thi-  liaibariiic'-  iileJ  I'V  tholi.-  people  to  thur  I'riiletcl- 
for:. 

A.  D.  Sen  Charlemac^ne.  kiiij;  of  IVame,  the  plor\ 
of  tiu-  a.^e  ill  \\likli  I  e  liveil,  made  hinilch'  nialhr  ot 
CicnnaiiV,  Sjniiii,  and  part  of  Italv;  wi-  ticwneii  kiiii; 
of  tiu-  Romans ',')■  ilu  p'p.',  :inil  thus  Iviame  emperor 
of  the  w,.ll. 

C!iarlem;!iMie,  at  his  dralh,  left  his  iiiipirc  ilivitlcd 
aiv.oiii:  tiis  ihiKlr.  11,  vhi' h  piov.d  fital  to  hl^  potlcrity. 
Soon  "after  thi- the  N--man  .  a  licue  warlike  pe<-i)le 
from  Noiw.iv  anvl  ne;ii...irk,  r.ivagul  the  kiniidom  of 
Franee;  and,  al  nut  ilie  m  ,ir  o"o,  oiilined  ihc  I';\  nch 
to  \  icld  op  N'orniand\  a;id  Uict.ii'jic  lo  Roilo  il.eir 
leader,  who  jMotelled  hiiulelt  a  Chiillian,  and  married 
the  kini;'s  dau'^hter.  This  h.  lmii  the  Noriv.an  pow  i 
in  l-'raiKC.  which  afterwards  l-eiame  a  <;rea!  mi-lortiine 
to  tl'.,u  ration;  as  f;oiii  tl;e  Norman,  \N  ilh;"!!.  uho 
conquered.  En;;land,  tiie  animolities  1  etweeii  l'.iiij.land 
and  France  had  tl'.eir  ori|;iii,  a;'.d  the  contelS  in  ;',  ne.al 
proved  inglorlo'.i   to  the  latter. 

PaJi:!!!  over  ilie  d  ak.  ages  of  llic  cruf.idts,  and  their 
relative  cm  umllaiice  ,  we  lliall  jiroceed  to  iliat  ].eriod 
when  I'rmiebcg.m  toexiend  it"  influence  ov>  i  F.uiope, 
which  wis  in  tlie  runn  of  l-'ranci  I.  totemporaiy  with 
Henry  V'.il.  of  K'lglan  1. 

Tins  nri:i,e  wa^  a  candid  itc  I  r  the  eir.piie  ot  fl-,;- 
manv,  but  loll  the  Imn.'ri.il  crown;  Charles  \'.  ot  the 
lioule  of  Auilria,  and  king  oi  Sjain,  being  ciioUn  in 
his  ilead. 

Francis  m:u!e  liveial  capital  expeditions  into  Spain; 
but  in  one,  wiiiJi  he  umiertofik  agiinll  Italv,  he  wa^ 
delcited  at  tl'.e  battle  of  I'avia,  taken  priloncr,  and 
ol'licrcd  to  aaree  to  the  mo!!  iiuniilKitinu  terms,  in  or- 
d.r  to  obtain  Ins  rcLa'e.  His  ireaeh  ot  the  terms  liv 
which  he  ppnur-  d  hi'  eiilarr'ement,  occ;illon''d  (oii- 
tiniial  war"  .iLainii  tlieemjieriir,  till  the  death  ot  Franci-, 
*\i'h  li  happtnid  in  i  i  j.;. 

At  tlii^  period,  iiouever,  IVanec  wa  rulier  in  a 
fle.iirilhinir  condition;  and  Henry  11.  Ion  and  lu  eell'or 
of  Fiancb  1.  wa  ,  in  general,  a  verv  lortunaie  prin'.e; 
furth'Ui^li  lie  loll  the  luttle  of  St.  (^lintui,  .-.'^uiiii  li;e 
Fn^iilh  and  Spanr'.rds,  \  .t  l,e  reiouk  Calii-  Ii'M-.i  tl.e 
foiMxr,  wh.o  never  atier  h.id  any  tooiin;j  in  l-.an.e.  In 
I  j;f,  Ik  wai  killed  ai  a  iiliirvj  niatv  h  b\  the  count  ol 
Mon!;:!i"'eiv.  i  ie  wi.s  lir,  ^evded  by  his  Ion  l'"ranv  ill. 
In  whofe  reijiii  the  religion',  difputes  began  t>  break 
ou:  In  Fruii-.  Th.l'lotv  ile.nts  were  perlecuted  under 
Cli  tries  IX.  his  broiher.uid  UicceHur.  Thefe  dilpiules 
occ.ifioned  two  ci\  il  vv.irs  alter  the  conchilion  ot  wiiidi, 
en  St.  Bartl'.oiomcw's  da\ ,  i  ;72,  was  p.-rp.tiated  the 
horrid  milla.  re  of  the  I'rotellants  at  Pan  ,  whivh  lelt 
an  indelible  fiain  o.i  the  hillirvot  p'rance.  I'pon  this 
a  lontede-ii  V,  I  died  the  Holy  League,  u. is  entered 
into  bv  t'le  Papills  i  f  I-'ratice  and  Spain,  tiir  the  exiir- 
JUtion  I'f  the  l'i";e(l.'.lil'. 

On  the  d,ii.:i  ■  ol  Charles  IX.  Henrv  III.  king  of 
Pol.'.nd,  fiiccee  led  to  ilic  kingd  iiii  ut  brar.ii  in  i  ^j^, 
and  taking  th.:  jiart  ol'  the  I'rotellants  a;.'a  nil  the 
leaeuer-,  wa  ali'allinat ed  by  one  Clement,  a  triir. 

H.nrv,  king  it  Navarre,  of  the  h^Hile  ot  ISourbon, 
fti.ceetir,  ,  ih  Proiellants  obtained  an  edict,  called 
the  Fdietoi  N  an:',  i  ;Hg,  in  their  favour,  from  Heniy 
1\'.  v.iicieij,  they  were  tolerated  in  the  Irteexetcile  ol 
their  religion,  in  all  parts  ot  the  kingdoni  except  Pa- 
ns; but  flill,  the  kinu  liliferving  a  creat  ni.uoriiy  ol  his 
kingdom  /.ealou^  C.uholu',  found  himlell  under  a  nc- 
lellifv  ot  ileeliiinii;  hiinlelt  of  that  reli"ion;  nor  could 
tin ,  prelerve  him  Irom  the  malice  ot  the  monks;  t  .r 
Ravillic,  a  tiiar,  flabbed  him  tj  the  heart  in  iiis 
cuaeli,  III  the  llreets  ol  Pans,  ihc   i4ih  ot   May,  on 


pieliimption  that  he  wa>  llill  a  Pi.  telhuit.  Lewis  XIII. 
wa,  1)111  nine  ye.irs  it  age  at  the  time  ot  his  faiiicr's 
death.  \\'hen  he  pre  up  he  dilcaided  iiismothr  and 
In  I  livourii.',  and  cliof  •  tor  his  miniller  the  lairious 
laidiiial  Riehlieii,  who,  by  iii,  ivfoiute  and  bloody 
iiiialuris,  put  a  peiiod  to  the  remaining  liheriic"  of 
I-'raiice,  and  lo  the  religiou'  ill.  blilliment  of  the  Pro- 
lellanis  there,  by  taking  from  them  RoeluHe,  in  M'^!'. 
Thi'^  put  an  end  to  t!ie  civil  war .  on  .account  of  f  li- 
gioii  in  1  ranee,  whiihhad  '  r.naitended  with  imiiientc 
expellee  ot  blood  a-i  I  treafore,  and  cauleil  conflagra- 
ti'n,  moll  diielul  in  tluir  coniecpienies, 

Ricldiai,  after  having  ()u  lied.  In-  .i  mnftevlv  train 
iM  politics,  all  the  conlpiiacies  which  were  t'ornicd 
a;',ai  ill  iiini,  nied  tome  months  Ik  tore  Lewi'  Xlli. 
who,  in  It  4T,  lelt  iiislon,  .itteiwaiif-  tlie  famous  Le\\!i 
\1V.  toinh.er.t  h:s  kmidoni. 

During  tiie  miii-jr'iy  (.1  ih.i  j>rinec  the  kingdom 
wa  rent  bv  tin-  faetions  ot  tiie  great,  and  the  divili.  i;-. 
letwe'.n  the  couvt  ai^d  |.irliament.  It  was  involved  at 
oiue  in  foieignimd  ilomeiiic  wars;  but  the  i)ueen-nio- 
ther,  Anne  ot  Auilria,  having  made  cardinal  Mazarine 
her  tiill  tninill  r,  he  tiiind  means  to  tvirn  tiie  amis 
even  ot  Cn  mvveU  a,  lirlt  the  .'Spaniards,  and  to  divide 
ilie  d  im.  lli(  cnemie,  ol  tlie  court  lo  eft'cctuaiiy  .imon; 
th  nifelves  thin,  when  L'  v.i^,  oiitlie  dctli  ol  lh.it  nii- 
nilb. ',  ill  i''!i.,  '.li'unied  llu  lenr,  he  i  nmii  hiir.lelf  the 
moil  ab'oliite  iiionarcli  tiiai  had  ever  l.it  ui>oii  il-.e 
till  one  ol  l-'raiue. 

On  the  death  ot  M.i/.irine  I-.e  lial  the  good,  fovtiiiii 

to  put  the  drnieRic  afan    of  l.i^  admiiiilbaiion  int  iili  ■ 

liinds   ol   Colbert,  wh.o   tormcd   new  lyUcms  for  the 

:;!oiy,    co'umene,  and   manufiCtui'-s  ot    France,  all 

wliivh  were  carrud  into  exeaition  with  great  afTidua  . 

.■\s  an   luithor   ot  eniinen  e   very  juillv    oblerves,  i  •> 

write  the  hillory  of  his  reign  would  be  to  write  that  o> 

all  F.urope.     Ignorance  and  ambition    vveie  the  onlv 

enemies  of  Lewis.     Through  the  form.r  he  was  blin.I 

to  every  patriotic  duty  as  a  king,  and  promoted  the  iii- 

tereft^  of  his  t'ulvect',  only  th.u   tiify  niigiit  the  better 

i  aniwer  tiie  ]Hirp'  les  ot  liis  j;reatnels  :   bv  the  latter  'i- 

I  embroi'ed  liimlelf  wiih  r.il  his  neighbours,  and  vv.-.ii- 

(  toni"  rendered  (iermanv  a  diliiial  Icene  ot  ilevallation, 

I  Pie  ni.iJe  and  broke  treaiics  for  his  convenience;  and, 

I  at  1-  r.  :ih,  railed  a  conl'edeiacy  againll  himlelt'  ol  almol* 

I  all  tlie  ot'.er  piin>.cs  of  F.urope,  at  the  head  ot  which 

'  u.is  William  III.  kinsr  ot  F.ngland.     This  alliance  he 

I  opp^.i.'fd  for  lo'.nc  y.'ar',  till  having  ])rovoked  the  F.ri  - 

'•  lull  by  his  repeat.-d  intid  lifi'S,  tluir  arms,   under  t'.e 

||  duke  <  f  .Mi.-lborougli,  and  llicfe  of  the  Aiillrians,  iin- 

!'  d  r  prin.e  i'Ai;;.e"e,  fiilli.d  all  th.e  renown  he  had  ol-- 

1,  taiiie.l.      His  reit;n,  vvhi  h  began  Iplendid,  ended  iiiile- 

I    rably  ;  and  lie  died  on  tiie  iirit  of  Septemi^er,   171;, 


belli";  tucceede- 


'on,  Lewi-  XV. 


Tins  monir>  li,  in  tin-  courle  ot  hi-  reign,  w.as  fid,  J 
ihe  '•\'ell  Beloved,  wiiicii  he  loll  fnnc  year;  bclore  lu 
died.  He  was  det cfted  and  I'elpiled  bv  ids  (iib'eet  , 
lor  ill  lliariuful  ind  lieeiii. oils  a'laciiments,  anil  illibe- 
ral tr  atin- ni  ol  lo.ne  of  tiic  v.orthiel!  men  oi  tl  • 
kingii  iin.  1  le  died  in  the  ''4th  year  ol  his  ag.-,  an  I 
;i,tli  of  hi.  rei  ri,  A.I).  177. j;  and  was  luccceded  by 
111'  gi.mdl'on,  1  .ewis  XVI.  wlio  was  born  in  I7i;4  ;  and., 
in  I ;  70,  married  Mari.i  Antonietta,  filler  to  the  empe- 
ror of  ( leimany. 

This  mr.nareli  ii.fjan  !-.i-  reign  with  much  p^pu- 
lint\.  In  177S,  ill  Old. r  to  alhlf  the  Aiiuii.  uis  in 
emancipating  then. fclves  trom  ihe  governmeni  ot  the 
luuihei  couiiii  V ,  he  comm  in  d  lii  lldilic  .agiinll  (jre  it 
Britain.  In  i  1  l.ind  he  lupp  irted  wliat  vva-  call  \\  the 
piiiiiitle  jiiriv  iigaind  I'le  llidili  lid.r.  In  the  war  uiiii 
(iie.it  Biitain  oider  w -re  i^ivi  11  to  all  h.-  Ilips  11,  t  to 
moll  II  Captain  Cook,  our  lel.br.ated  iuvii',atur,  who 
wM'  on  a  viiy.iiiC  round  th  ■  woiKI. 

Tliis  war,  il  iwe\er,  helped  to  di  rani'.e  ihe  natr  n.iil 
linaiiccs;  and  in  i  ,^^  thedil'i  uliies  weie  i  ncrea!  d.  1  y 
tlie  Ciille  d'l'.ti  ompie  (a  kind  ot  national  liaiik)  flop- 
ping piymeni.  Various  nvaiis  were  devifed  by  the 
miniller  of  iiiiancc,  (^Calonne),  to  raife  tii.-  money  ne- 

i  ellary 


VV.Illl 
tiu  .11, 


li 


r.r.oGRAniY. 

:il'r..It!l:i(it.    Lewis  XIIF. 
It  th,'  time  Dt'  liis  tiuiier's 
c<liltaiiit(!  liis  inoth;r  ami 
']■  lii>  mir.ilUT  ti'.c-  r.ur.diij 
In.    iili'lnic  ami  IjIchx'v 
Ik'  rcmainiii'j;    lihtilic-  nV 
ill.  I'lidiiinnt  di'  the  ('ro- 
ll liitiii  Rotlullr,  111  M-^;i. 
war '  nn  atcoiiiit  oi  n  li- 
(•  n  attindid  wiiii  ininicnlc 
:ii',  anil  latili'il  i-onlla-.-ri. 

'11  l.'(]llflKCS. 

Itxl,  by  a  maflc-ilv  train 
aviis  wliitii  were  f. >inifii 

MllllS     ll;i,,iV    Ll'.vi'^    Xill. 

tuiwanl'  I  lie  CanioLis  Liwii 

i  jvime  tli'j  Iting.loin 
I'.tprcat,  and  the  <livili.  r.-, 
ir.ent.  Ii  was  involved  at 
wars;  hue  the  inieen-nio. 
.giiiade  eaid;nal  Ma/,arino 
mean'-  to  turn  th.-  urtils 
e  .'Ipaniards,  ami  to  d.-.iilc 
eovirt  to  eft'cctiialiy  .iiiion; 
-,  onilic  death  ol  that  nii- 
leins  lieiiiind  lii,v.l'clf  the 
at   had  evir  lat  ujioii  llx 

le  I'.e  lia  1  tlie  rnin]  fo'tuii; 

t  l,i^  adniuiili  ■aiinn  i-.[  uh  • 

niud   mw  Ivlftans  tor  the- 

inut.cturts  ot    Frarne,  ali 

..iition  with  great  afTidim-.. 

c   very  juilly   olilerves,  {•> 

a  would  he  to  write  that  o' 

id  a:Ti!iiti'in    were  the  on'v 

;li  th^'  lorm.  r  he  was  h.lij-.d 

kin;^,  and  promoted  the  iii- 

tliat   they  niigjit  the  lieiter 

£;reatnd's :  hv  the  latter  h- 

I  liis  neif!,hl)oiir5,  ami  \\n;i- 

difmai  (eene  ot'devallatioa, 

•s  for  his  conveiuenie;  and, 

uy  againll  Ivinlell'ol  almoiJ 

ropj,  at  the  liead  of  wlueli 

•'iv^land.     Thi-.  alliaiu-,'  he 

havi:i;4  provoked  the  I'.n   - 

rirs,  tluir  arms,   under  t';e 

thcle  of'tlic  Aiillrians,  iin- 

all  th.c  renown  Ik-  iiail  oI>- 

'c^'.an  Iplendid,  ended  miK-- 

iirlt  of  S.)iteni^er,   1  7  i  ;, 

id'on,  l-,fwi.  XV. 

irle  o[  iii .  reif!,n,  \\.v>  ilil.d 

•  loll  I'lmc  year,  hc!ore  h: 

i  del  piled  in    his  itilvcet  , 

-IN  a'taehmeiits,  and  ilhhe- 

tlic  v.orthiel!  men  oi   il,._- 

^  ;ih   vear  ol  his  ac;;,  an  I 

74;  and  was  luec ceiled  hy 

■ho  was  horn  in  17  ;4  ;  ami, 

tonietta,  filler  to  theeinpe- 

i-  reit;n  with  much  pipu- 
to  ■.\fu\\.  tile  Am(ri,.ins  in 
r.]\  the  governnu-'U  ot  the 
n  -d  In  llditic  aQ,i;n''  (jreii 
ip  irtcil  wliat  wa-  eail  -d  the 
lidtliojd.r.  In  the  war  witu 
'.;vi  n  to  all  Ik-  llrps  n.i  to 
tel-.'hrated  na\  ii;ati/r,   who 

Aodd. 

-ed  to  deran<',e  the  iiati'  iial 
i')i  ullies  weie  i  nere;'.!'  d  1  y 
iiid  ot  uationai  bank)  llnp- 
1  an.  were  divif/d  l)y  the 
ic),  to  raife  tli.;  money  nc- 
i  ellary 


EUROPE.] 


FRANCE. 


reflary  tor  the  exif^  ti  ic;  oftlic  fla'c.  The  pirliiment 
ot  I'aris  (ni.ei  iral)le  for  its  tvitriotil'ii  on  former  ocea- 
fion^)  reiu'-d  to  r.'{;ilk'r  the  edicts  tor  layitiJ,  ta>ces  on 
the  people  ;  mil  which,  accordiiuT  to  the  conflitiition 
of  I''a!i.c,  w.s  r.ee.'Ilary  ro  rcndr  th  111  eflVrhul. 
J):-*ei'..  '  hy  tie  ll.'a.lincis  ot'  the  [uiliament,  the 
mi'iil.  .1  hivl  rciourfc  to  :'.:iolh  r  allVnilily  called  the 
Nota'.les  who  were  cinvened,  ami  met  in  I'Vliruary, 
17S7,  lr.it  wee  a-  little  liihi'ervi.  nt  to  his  wiOies 
as  the  pail'ar.i.'nt  hid  I  eeii,  and  Calonne  religiied. 
Ne  ker  lueceeded  him,  and  a  Iviied  the  calling  the 
Tiers  l'',tit.  (Y-  'l»r.  •  eifitcs,  (no'il.s,  ele;gy,  and  c 0111- 
nion t  will) hid  iioi  ma  lince  the  ye.ir  1(114.  ^''^  ''"^' 
allLmhling  ol  this  udy,  alter  imieh  contention  aoout 
ti  firniN   '1h"  c oai  nous,  joined  hy  a  tew   oflh.-  cLri;y 

V  and  nohles.  pro-  ecdeil  to  pvihlie  bullncfs.     Their  firll 
'  a.'^  went  to  ilcclare  thai  the  ditlerent  taxes  eollerte<l 

tbioufjioui  the  kingdom  were  illc:;al,  Ixeaufc  noi 
voted  I'V  liie  jieople.  Tiie  king  oblervcii  their  |'io- 
»e(  rl:r.rri  with  a;b)ni(hment  ;  and  thole  about  hiin  ad- 
vilid  liini  t  1  relili  theleeneroai^hments  on  his  jirco'^a- 
lui-.     l^oius  WIS,  hy  nature,  mild,  gentle,  and  Ivik'- 

'  volent.     Stimulated   hy  his   advifcr-,  he   exerted   his 

autiioriiv  to  liipiirefs  liuh  proceedings :  but  the  ivlii- 
iuiioii  ami  Ipirit  of  the  afliniblv-  were  liiperior  to  his 
own,  and  were  accompanied  with  the  plaudits  of  the 
|H-oi)lc. 

In  jiilv,  i-Sg,  M.  Neeker,  trom  whole  abilities 
the  ]iiiblic  ex])eded  the  relioration  ot  the  national  cre- 
dit, receivcii  the  royal  ortlers  to  ipiit   the  kingdom. 

iX  A    lb  in  as  this  wis  known,  the   ia[iiEal  was  in  e.-.nfu- 

V  lion,  the  pop'.ilace   were  tilled   with  turious  zeal  ;   the 
%  I'Veiu  h  'juards,  when  called  forth  to  repel  them,  ranged 

tl'enilelv^s  on  their  (ide,  feveral  h.oufe^  and  |)ublH 
huildinL's  were  iiiilacred  and  d.li roved,  and  ainoii'i 
others  the  baltiUe,  the  mob  killing  all  who  retifted. 

The  conlei]uen(e  ot  thel'e  proceedings  was  the  re- 
tr.uhineni  of  the  power  of  the  king.  'Idie  national 
alfeiubly  pafleil  rcfolutions  limiting  and  defining  the 
royd  power,  and  the  king,  with  apparent  goodwill, 
.in|uii.(Vcil  in  their  proei  idin.'s.  In  (Jchiber  follow- 
ing the  foklierson  duty  at  Verlaille^  gave  an  enterfiin- 
luent  to  a  corjis  who  had  lately  arrivetl.  In  the  eou''le 
(tilie  eveiiinii,  warmed  proliably  with  lif|iior,  it  is  laid, 
fiiiL's  were  lung  whi;  h  h:ul  a  t.'lulencv  to  rou/.e  the 
I 'fliers  to  a  love  of  the  ohl  government,  and  nianv  ol 
theui  took  the  national  cockade  out  ot  tiieir  hats. 
Ne'.v .  of  this  loon  re.u'heil  I'aris.  A  mob  o'  ■;o,-oo  or 
40.000  loon  coileiHed,  moll  of  whom,  it  i-.  laid,  were 
womin,  and  fei/.ing  arms  v. herever  they  could  liml 
rhuii,  i\\rv  marched  to  Vcrlailles,  aiidre(i(:al  the  allcni- 
hi\  on  the  iiibie.l,  and  in  the  end  aiiiiiled  the  palace, 
kiileil  many  01  the  guard',  ami  the  quem  r.arrowlv 
clcap.il  lilt  fame  bite. 

'1  he  kinn  the  next  day  removed  to  Pari-,  ai-.d   wa 
fj-  condiirtcd  to  the  jiakuc  of  the  Thuilleries.     hi  Jub, 

i;iiO,  he  look  the  oath  appointed  by  the  new  conlH- 
tution ;  and  111  till^  his  ciniilucl  appears  nuilt  de- 
lerving  eenfun  ;  fir  in  June  lollowing,  thou  di  guards 
fuirounded  the  palace,  he  madi'  hiscKape  trom  I'.uis, 
aceompani.tl  by  the  queen  and  his  two  childr,  n,  and 
tleil  touatdi  the  Nalieil.inds;  hut  they  were  lloppeil 
at  \'arennes,  0:1  the  borders  of  hraiue,  by  a  p"ll-mal- 
ter  who  recogni/.cil  his  perfon. 

Ill  April,  1 7<).',  m  eonU'quencc  ol  the  warlike  pre- 
p:ii'.:tio;is  and  conduct  ot  the  emperor,  who  had  j  ei- 
limalh  met  the  king  ol  i'mllia  at  Pilnitz,  and  it  w.is 
laid  had  entereil  into  a  private  league  (in  which  oilv.  r 
powers  alio  were  ini  luded)  to  invailc  I-'iance,  war  w 
lie  lai\d  againll  him.  Tlie  queen  was  the  filler  ol' the 
emperor  :  ihc  people  fulpectcd  her  to  have  iiilhien.c 
o\(.  r  the  king,  and  they  believed,  or  profelled  to  be- 
lieve, that  he  ufed  his  authority  contrary  to  tiic  inte- 
rell  ol  the  (late  and  in  conformity  to  the  view^  ol  the 
emperor.  I'nder  thele  fentiinents,  in  Augufi  fol- 
lowing, M.  Petion,  the  ma\or  ot  I'aris,  at  the  liei  1  ot 
the  Icdions  of  the  capital,  demanded  the  depoliti-n  ol 
tliekinjf;  and  Louis,  las   iiuctii,  and  two  chiiditii. 


were  jilaced  as  pril'oners  in  tlie  Temjile.     1  h.  nation 
was  miincd.'atelv  deciarcd  a  republic. 

In  theauiuniii  ot  I  "9  ;,  th.'diikcof  Briinlwii  k,  at  the 
head  ot  an  army  of  yo.ojj  PrulVians,  Hefl'.ans,  and 
other  (iermin  troops, enteral  i'lanc-,  having  lirlt  puh- 
lilh  d  a  muiifelbide  firing  that  he  piirpoled  marcli'ni> 
to  Paris  to  rellore  the  ancient  government.  The  ey.'; 
oi  all  I'airope  weie  hxed  on  ihis  arini ,  and  great  events 
Wire  cxpeCied  from  it:  hut  after  m;iching  ioj  miles 
iniol''rame,  wi.houi  being  |oine  I  hv  the  p'.Ml'ints  as 
lie  had  been  given  to  r.xpeit,  the  ihike  found  a  letreaC 
iieceliiirv,  from  the  want  ot  prosiiion-,,  aiiii  witli  1  mie 
diliieuliy  he  returned  into  (i  niviiiy. 

This  iinfucccfstul  attempt  infpiud  the  Fien'.'h  wit'i 
more  fortitude,  and  toward-  th-  end  of  ih-  l.en  ■  \car 
under  (ieneral  Dumourier,  t!ie\  invKiei!  the  Aul- 
tri.in  Netherlands.  After  a  battle  near  the  villaijij 
"t  Jemappe,  they  entered  Bruliels,  took  Aniwerp, 
and  were  every  where  vielori  lus.  On  tir-  icth  of  ]  i- 
nuarv,  171)^,  the  king,  after  a  ]iul.ili  ■  tri  d  before  the 
national  allL-mblv,  which  had  be,  n  re-e'ec"ted,  ami  now 
look  the  name  of  the  Convent!  vi,  was  fentenced  to 
lulfer  death,  and  on  the  following  day  wa;  bJua  le.l. 
On  the  ad  of  October  fillowing  the  i]ueen  met  the 
fame  fue. 

To  delcrihe  the  number  of  alfafTinations,  iiuir  I-.ts, 
and  cxei  iiti  in  ,wliiili  hav-.-hapjiened  liiv  c  julv,  i78g, 
would  be  beyond  the  iiiivts  prefinbed  to  this  w  irk. 
\l.iiiv  mem'i-rs  of  theallembly,  and  tlr  inlands  of  other 
individuals,  have  met  the  fate  of  their  fovcreign,  and 
Fiance  ha  exhibited  tii  Europe  fcenes  which  human 
wild.im  could  not  fiircree,  and  which  appear  too  great 
for  human  refiflance. 

In  Feb.  i/t)^,  the  French  declared  war  ,\g\init  the 
"  Ring  of  England"andilK-  "  Stadiholdcr  of  H  illand." 
In  conleqii'-ncc  the  Huke  of  York,  with  a  hod\  of 
lorces,  was  lint  to  the  affillance  ol  Holland,  which  was 
invaded  he  the  I-'rench  forces;  and  they  were  loon 
compelled  by  the  allied  powi-rs  to  evacuate  all  they  had 
taken  in  the  Aiillrian  Netlicrlands.  The  ca.npaiga 
of  I  79;  was  afterw.udi  purfued  with  variou-.  luccef-.. 
In  171)4,  the  internal  commotions  of  France,  having 
t'.reatly  tublided,  the-^  were  enabled  to  bring  ini.i  the 
held  -1  body  ot  forces  which  rendepcil  them  victorious 
b'.-  land  overall  their  enen-ies,  and  Brufieb  again  lub- 
niittcd  to  them.  'f"he  F.nglilli  llect,  however,  under 
L-rd  Mowe,  giined  a  complete  victory  over  the 
licit  ol  France  on  the  id  of  June,  after  three  fuccetnvo 
days  engagement. 

S  E  C  T  I  O  N      M. 

Contaimng  a  Geogrnphical  Dcfcriptioti  of  FRENCH 
FLANDERS. 

FRENCH  Flanders  is  hounded  on  the  north  by  the 
Seine  ami  German  Ocean,  and  on  the  well  by  the 
fitter.  On  the  call  it  is  b  lunded  by  the  Aullrian  Ne- 
therlands, and  on  the  fouth  hy  Art  lis.  It  abounds  ii\ 
grain,  vegetables,  flax,  cattle,  ?cc. 

Lille,  on  the  Dculc,  the  capital  of  the  French  Ne- 
therlands, is  llrong  and  hi-auutul,  and  ha-,  one  of  the 
linell  citadels  in  F.u'ope.  It  contains  likewile  an  hof- 
pital,  an  handfonucxch.inge,  anumbci  of  churches,  ami 
a  cimlidcrable  inaruitactory  of  camblcts,  cloths,  and 
other  lltitls.  Titer-- is  abya\s  a  llrong  garrifon  kept 
up  in  tl'.is  town.  I'he  hou'.es  are  of  hcw:i  Hone  and 
Will  built.  The  llreets  are  llraight,  and  crofs  each 
other  at  right  angles.  In  the  year  179^  the  Aullriaiis 
bclieged  this  towii,  and  moll  of  the  houfes  were  de- 
IlioNcd;  but  on  the  retreit  ol  the  Pruilians  out  of 
I' ranee  ihev  railed  the  liege. 

Dou.a\-  is  a  \\\\\  fortified  town,  with  a  cit.utel,  litua- 
led  on  the  river  Scarpe,  and  the  borders  of  .Artois.  Jt 
is  of  an  oval  torm.  By  means  of  lluices  fliC  whole  coun- 
try round  may  he  laid  under  water.  1  f-re  arc  levcr^l 
churches,  and  a  fam-nis  feminary  and  univerlity,  in 
the  new  divilioii  of  France,  I)i.H!ay  is  the  chiei  towi\ 
in  die  dep.irtiuciit  of  the  Noitli, 

(}ravelincs. 


u 


»7^- 


A  NEW.  ROYAL,  akd  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  or  rMVr.RSAL  CEOCRAniY. 


fVi: 


■n  ! 


.<     r,- 


Gravi'liiu's  ;i  Ihi.ill  Imt  lliong  tmvn  on  ilu- 1  i\<.  r  A:i, 
about  nine  miles  trom  nunknk,  i-  will  loililinl,  aivl 
has  :i  li.nl'ouv  .it  '.he  lUi  uiliot  the  iivii. 

The  I'uniiici  ol  Cam  URESIS  is  ahoul  ten  leagues 
loiii;,  .mil  tiom  live  to  li\  where  l>ro.iikll.  It  r  very 
Inmtiil  .mil  populous. 

C;uiiIt.iv,  the  I  ijiital  ot  the  province,  is  leateil  on 
the  Silulil,  I  ;  miles  trom  Douav;  it  v.as  taken  liy 
Lewis  Xl\  .  Ill  I');;,  anil  ne\t  vear  was  \iiKleil  toiiim 
bv  the  treatv  ol  Nmuiiuen,  toi;aher  wiili  the  w hole 
Caiulmli  .  It  i-  thi-  lee  of  a  lulhop.  B.tore  the  itvo- 
Uiiion  it  w.is  the  Ue  ot  .'.n  aichi>ilhop.  The  eiiv  i^  not 
onlv  well  tortiti-il.  but  alio  ilelemleii  \<\  a  iiiaild  aiul 
tort.  'I'herc  is  lliU  .i  niaiuitaitor\  here  ot  line  l.iwii, 
wliieh  takes  it^  name  Ironi  the  city,  aiul  torwhuhit 
has  been  lunu  t.vnv  cs.  The  inhabitants  arc  laul  to  be 
very  livelv  and  imluilriou^,  ami  to  liavc  a  i^.niih  lor 
the  kieiieis. 

Chaieau-Cambre:  s  's.i  fmall  lovvn,  litiiateil  14  miles 
trom  Cam'pr..-. .  I;  wa-  lornieily  alortilied  town,  but 
now  lies  ijuite  open. 

Fkknch  Hainault,  ;o  miU^  loni;,  ami  li  broad, 
contains  the  toUowing  ptaecs: 

Valeneiennes,  a  l.ii'j;e  and  po])ulo^l^  town,  o;i  the 
Seheld,  vvhieii  run-.  thr<nij;h  llie  tow:i,  with  a  good 
cit.ulel,  and  other  lortilicaiions,  i^  miles  tr-m  Cam- 
bra\.  The  iiLUiutaitures  .tie  wooli-.n  ihitis  i.imMcts, 
i'airaeans.  and  a  tort  o!  tine  lawns  c.illed  batille,  in 
French. 

Conde,  on  the  conlhix  o!  the  Hame  and  Seheld,  is 
llron^ly  lortitied.  'j^ietnoy  contains  lonie  manutae- 
tones  of  linen  and  Itutl";  Bav.i  is  tamou-  for  Ionic  Ro- 
man caulewavs;  Maiibeuoc,  on  the  Sanibre,  i-.  well 
tortniid;  and  L.andr.cy,  on  the  Sombie,  ua'-vielded 
to  Lewis  XIV.  by  the  treaty  ittlie  Pyrenees. 

Chaileiimnt  is  a  little  turiilied  town,  winch  had  its  ' 
name  trom  its  iituaiion  on  a  lUcji  roek  near  the  Macs,  1 
and  its  founder  Charles  \  .  j 

Dunkirk  is  the  moll  e.illeri\  harbour  on  that  futc  of  | 
f-'ranc.'  winch  i.  next  to  (i  eat  Britain.  It  wa-  origi- 
n.ilb  a  iiKan  hamlet,  lo'dilling  only  ot  a  tew  tilher- 
irier.slu.t^;  but  a  ihurcl.  Ixinj;  built  there,  it  wa-, 
trom  th..i,  and  u-  litiMiion,  wliUi  is  a  Tandy  eminence, 
called  Duiikir,.;  Dim  li^nrying,  in  the  old  (iriUic 
langu.igc,  a  lull;  and  Kirk  i^ting  the  old  I'lemilh  n.ime 
Icr  ciuiri  h.  Tiiii  pLue  underwent  a  v.uit-te  of  rcjiair- 
and  dcniohtion--  Irom  the  \ear  960  to  i'i;4,  being  then 
in  the  p  'ti'eirrj'i  01  the  .'■'tianiardsand  the  bell  harbour 
inllin'.Ki  .  1  Ik  I'r  ncii,  enienng  into  a  treaty  with 
I'-ny.'and  m  id;;,  ail'iLd  bv  Cromwel!,  attacked  a:id 

IO( 


be  the  treaty  o!  Al\  la-Ch.ip-lle.  Tie.:  tli"  Fieiuli 
.ibi.ivs  end  ivouied  to  elude  the  deliiolitn,n  (,|  i\;^^ 
l.iitilii  iiion.  in  ilu'  \,ar  1  7m;,  the  Duke  ol  Yoik,  at 
the  he.ul  oi  the  lli.iiih  .ind  /Viillna'i  torie  ,  nileiiipi,.l 
U)  take  it,  but  w.l^  oblig.il  to  make  a  I'lciipitaie  ic 
tieai,  with  the  loN  ol  his  .uiillcrv  and  a  p.ni  ol  hi . army. 
M.irdykc,  a  village  .ibout  three  mile,  to  tlie  w.  H'of 
Dunkirk,  is  ccLbr.iied  on  account  of  tiie  noble  canal 
e reded  there,  with  its  fluiie  .uul  balons,  byoiderof 
Lewis  Xl\'.  alter  the  pe.Kv' ol  IStreclit :  but,  by  vir- 
tue of  an  artii  le  of  the  tr..ity  Ci  .u  luded  .it  the  \  i.igue, 
in  1  7 1  -,  tills  I  anal  hath  b..  n  rendered,  1:1  a  great  iiiea- 
line,  ulelel-. 

The  (lovcrnmentof  Mi.T/ii.nlii^.  if  MelVin,l'r.n.  h 
B.irr.i-,  La  .Saare,  and  I'.encli  Luxenib.urg.  By  ih- 
tiill  01  theie  is  meant  1  le  tirritory  round  the  city  ol 
Me:/,  in  L^orrani,  wimhwas  yielded  lor  ever  to  ili- 
I'leiuh  by  tlie  t:\aiy  of  Weilphalia;  together  wiiii 
iitlier  d:;hicls  in  ti:e  bilh'pri,  s  uf  Met/.,  111  whuh  the 
onlv  pl.iee  worth  menti'i'.ing  is 

Me!/,  fitu.it(d  at  liie  eoiilliix  of  the  Molclle  aiul 
Seille.  It  1^  th.-  le  ■  ol  a  b  diop.  Here  are  maiiv 
ihurelus,  thieeniidil  ,  and  a  Jew  illi  lynagogue,  ui 
which  peojiK'  thue  are  laid  10  be  vvso. 

The  cit\  i- diviiUd  into  die  •  '  iidNew,  both  ui' 
whi.  Ii  are  l.ir:;e  and  l.andluiue;  .  ;  ili.  latter  ex.eU 
tlie  former,  at  le.ill  in  refpcs'i  to  b.-auty.  The  Jewi 
are  conlincd  to  a  parliiuLir  ipiartei,  and  di!linguilhed 
trom  ethers  b\  wearing  yellow  i,;p«.  in  the  new  divi- 
iion  o:  FrauiC,  Met/  is  the  ihut  tov.  n  111  the  d.p.ii;- 
lueiit  ol  M.J/,..  He. 

French  Barras  is  a  part  ol  the  du  'ivol  Bar,  wlivli 
has  Ixen  long  in  th.'  pDireni'in  oftli.  l-ieiuh.  It  i.n- 
tains  livci.il  Imall  towns,  ol  which  Longwi  and  jaiiiii/, 
are  the  chief. 

The  French  part  of  the  duihy  of  Luxemburg  was 
acquired  by  the  (leaee  of  the  Pyrenees. 

Thionville,  the  ca|iital,  is  a  lortilied  town,  on  t!ic 
wellern  bank  u!  ih^  Mofclle,  over  which  n  ha  .1  l.'cau- 
tiful  bridge. 

Caiignancs  i- a  town  fiuiated  ontheCliivi,  tix  mile^ 
from  Sedan  to  the  well,  and  t.irmeily  called  lv,,\. 
When  Lewis  XIV.  lonfcrred  it  on  the  count  of  S  n'.'- 
lons,  of  the  houfe  of  .Si\  'v,  its  name  was  i. hanged  to 
Carignan,  after  tli.il  of  a  t  mn  in  I'ledmont,  ot  wiiitii 
I  Ik  11  iiiv's  lather  was  l.nd. 

S.iar-Loui^,  on  the  Star,  is  one  of  the  I'reiuh  bul- 
warks towarils  ficrman\.  The  peiiinlula  on  whuh  it 
ilan.b   can  be  laid  under  w.iler,  .ind  the   ramp.ut'  arc 


i: ;  an.i  it  was  pm  into  the  hands  of  the  Paiulilh,  |  plant, d  with  three  row-  ol  ires. 
in  i..'nlei,ui.nieota  treat \  bet.veenth.  in  ,\nd  the  I'rencli.  \\ 
To  the  F.nglilh  it  was  <if  vcrv  great  impi'itance.  Tlicv 
therefore  inipiovid  the  f  iriifications,  anil  built  a  i  ita- 
ilel  ;  yet  they  kqii  it  only  t.)ur  \ears;  t.>r,  in  id'u, 
two  year-  atertiie  ivlloration,  Chailcs  il.  iMd  tiii  va- 
lu.ilile  acuuifition  to  l-raiKc.   A'ter  tin-  it  a. is  f  utilied 


i)t    b,on  k  AIN  is  100   miles   II 
mountainous  m  loiue  iil.iee-. 


"III 


by  Vaub.m  in  .1  \ery  extraordinarv  niann.!,  .uid  at  an  jl  latiir  is  the  lirgell  and  mod  beautiiul. 
iaim-n'e  expi  nce  to  Lewi-  Xl\  .     Being  a  pl.ice  w' ere  'i 
the  I-iench  [irivatee's  were    It  uioned    in   linu  or    ..-.ir,  li 
the  tortihcaii  in-  were  dcmolilhed  in  conUiju.  nee  ul  die    i 
trc.it\  ot  Ltrttht  in  171 :;.  n 

I'l  iIk  year  i;.-.  j,  during  a  great  llorm,  the  iLi  broke    j 
liji  iheiMr,  or  dam,  .md  rellorcd  to  the  Duiikirkers  the  '! 
lile  "1.  lilt;  harbour  in  a   verv  conlidcrable  degree.     In  1; 
tliJ  \c,ir  1740,  wIku  f iieat-ihitain  w.is  eni:age  i  in  w.ir  ' 
with  Spam,  Lewl-i  XV.  let  about  imjiroving  the  advan-  ' 
tage    wliKii    Dunkirk   had  derived  from  the  llorm  in  '. 
ijio.  In'  rc'l  .ring   the  works,  and  repairing  the  liar-  'l 
b  Hir.    FIee:v:i.\l  nev  forts  m  the  plaieol  tlio:e  whuh  ''\ 
had  been  del' loyed  ,  and   foun   elpooled    llie  Laule  oi   :: 
S;.a,n,  and  beiaim-   a  prineipal  in  the  war  ai'.ainll  u ..  ji 
At  the  peace  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  in    174,S,  11  was  lli-  , 
pulaied,  that  all  the  works  toward-  the  lea  lliould  Iv  ''\ 
deiboyed   a  lee  .nd  time;   noiv.ithlLimling  whieli,   b.  -   I^ 
torethe  declaration  ol  the  war  in  1 7  ^'i.the  phu  e  w.i-.  in  j 
as'iood  a  llate  o|    delente   lowaids  the  lea,   as  11   hid  1 


l"he  ( I  >vernmi  nt 
near  as  m.iiiv  broad, 
in  g  -ntral  Is  rule. 

N.m.v,  tlie  capital,  lituuid  on  the  river  NL'urte,  is 
iii\  id.ed  irito   th  ■  Old  and   New  Town,  ot    which  the 

Here  .lie  Ic- 
veral  ihurihe-,  an  acaslemy  ot  tcieiices,  a  |)ublie  li- 
i  r.'.n ,  and  .m  h oipital.  in  the  churili  of  St.  (ieorge 
is  the  monument  of  CI'.aiL-  the  Bold,  duke  ol  Bur- 
gundy, wiiu  was  killed  while  he  w.is  b.lieging  this  i.  ily 
in  I'lc  \ea;  147  '.  It  e-  .1  bilhoji's  lie.  In  tlie  new  di- 
vili on  111  l-i.ini  e  N.'.'ic  i-  the  chiet  loAn  111  llv  depart- 
iiieiii  o  Meur.  Tlie  otlisr  lo'.uis  in  ihi-  duchy  are  of 
no  c  iiii  ipi  n,  . . 

'1  he  duche  of  Bir  is  liinihil  .and  well  watere.l.  It 
i    iiichided  in   me  governmci.t  Altii  Lorr.uii. 

Birle-l)ue,  theiapiial,  is  di\  i.led  into  ilie  I'pi'er 
and  I  .'■'.\--A\  and  ■  ont  uns  .i.'.eial  .  i.urch  s  ;iii,|  an  liol- 
pit.il.     ill    a  IK  ir  lAv.i,  i;-acitl!e,  .iml  i    noted  lor 


Die 


1.  tl.o 


been  at  any  tunc  during  the  war  w'.icli  was  toiieluded  h  .lary  and  an  uiuvcrlii 


will  s.     In  th  ■  lu w  div.fi  >n  ■  1  houve  Rar-le 
1  hiei  I  iwn  in  the  departiv.eilt  ol    Meule. 

i'o:n  a  .Mouilijn  is  a  coiifiderable  lo.vn  on  ilie  Mo- 
lill.,  ii'.-ii  w'lidi  il  '  sabiuige,  about  13  mile- trom 
Mit/anl  Naiiiv.  The  riv.r  divii'.ei  th.-  I  iwn  into 
lAop.uts.      It  contun-  Lvcr.il  ciiun.lK5,  witliaUini- 


Chrmont 


•w 


;1'(V,RAPIIY. 

■lie.      'I'liv:     th"    Fu'iuh 

•     llu      lllllicilicull    (i|    l|,i^ 

I !,  till-  Dukcot  Yoik.  at 

ilhuri  loM'  ,  aiictiipt.,! 

\  .uiil  a  pan  1)1  In  aniiv. 

live  inilc  Id  iI;c  w,  It'of 
count  ot  till.-  ihihk'  LMnil 
.uiil  li.ilons,  [■>)■  ouli-r  ot' 
il  I'tiixlil :  1)11!,  hy  vir- 
■I'.u  lii.lal  at  the  H.igui-, 
k-ikIcu-J,  m  ,1  "ifuiiiKa- 


^.nlii'  if  M^lVii),  I'lvn.  Ii 
1  l.uxcnilai!^.  By  ih- 
riiory  roiiiul  ilic  city  ot 
b  yicidccl  lor  ivcr  to  tlii- 
I'llpliali.i;  together  \\i:h 
s  ot  Met/.,  ill  vvhkh  ilm 

Is 

lUix  v\  the  Molclle  aiul 
iliop.      I  lere  aiv    iiiaiiv 
a  Je\s  ilh  lynagogue,  ol' 
in-  I  :  ■o. 

e  (  '  ii>l  New,  both  ol" 
lie;   .  ■  ■,   ih.   laiitr  ex. els 

I  to  li.aiity.  The  Jews 
ju.'.rid,  ami  (!i!lin^iiillieit 
>  I  .p'.  In  i\w  new  ilivi- 
l1iii.1  tov,  n  111  tlie  d-pan- 

ihe  tlii.hy  of  Bar,  wliiJi 

II  uf til.-  I'reneh.  It  i  .n- 
ililth  Loiii;\,vi  and  jaiial/, 

jcliy  of  Luxeml'iiig  \sas 

Pyii-ne^s. 

•■  a  toitilied  town,  an  i!ic 

owr  w  liii.h  it  ha   .i  I'eau- 

ed  on  tlieChicr,  lix  miles 
nd  t-riiKTly  tailed  Ivm\, 
1  It  o:i  il.e  count  of  S  )il'- 
II-  name  was  liianged  to 
m  111  I'ledllioiu,   t)l  wiiitli 

Is  one  ol  llie  I'reiu  li  Imt- 

he  pcninhila  on  wliali  it 

ler,  and  the  ramparts  arc 

)  k  AiN  is  100  miks  Ion;.',, 
inoLis  in  loiiie  pLKe-,  Init 

td  on  the  river  Meiiri.',  i-. 
s'ew  Town,  ol  which  th.- 
beaiitiuil.  Here  arc  le- 
ot  teieiues,  a  public  li- 
tliL'cliuixh  ol  St.  (ieori^e 
.  the  Bold,  duk.  of  Bur- 
:  he  w.is  l).l'ei^ii!j5  this  lity 
lu)|)'s  Ice.  In  llie  new  di- 
:  duet  toAn  in  tli'-  depait- 
lo'.v  lis  III  ilii<  ilucliy  are  oi 

lliil  and  weil  uatcrel.  It 
a  A  itli  I.^oriaiii. 
s  du  iled  iiiio  r.ie  I  '\^\kv 
iCial  .  '.iiicli  s  and  an  liol- 
a  c  illic,  a;id  i  ^  noicd  for 
r  I'l.ji.  .  r.arde  D.ic  i.  ilx 
t  ol    Meiile. 

ide'aiilc  lo.vii  on  ilie  Mo- 
d:;e,  a'lout  1 3  iiiilei  troni 
.r  diM.'.ci  th  ■  t  /\vn  iiuo 
•d  chore livS,  Willi  a  l.aii- 

Cl.niioni 


F.rROPK.] 


PRANCE. 


8-M 


CKiinoiu  i-n  Ar'ionne,  ri)cal!filtf)dif}in<;tii(li  it  t'loin 
oti'er  ci;ie«  ol  ilw  ixnv  nam.',  i'  the  tliiel  pla' e  <i!  an 
fuldoii  111  bull,  i  k,  whicli  Charles  HI.  u'ldid  to 
Lewis  Xlll.kinj^of  I'lUKc;  and  I.  wis  XIV.  ^avc, 
ill   nil  jropity,  t.)  the  prince  of  C  )ii  '.e. 

Betwixt  the  Macs  and  M.il.lL-  he  f.veral  lordlhips, 
whicii  i.ikc  liicir  names  from  their  capil.il  ,  and  arc  in- 
dt  peiuleiu  of  boili  duciiies. 

I'l  the  (iovernment  of  Ve^duv,  the  only  place 
Wiirlli  11  liciiif;  I  Veidiin,  on  the  M..e-,  a  la._..,e  p"- 
pii'o'i  citv,  cicfcnd'd  by  a  line  citailcl,  and  cilierwili' 
\\.  II  f).iifKil.  I:  is  the  lee  ol  a  bilhop,  and  lu>  many 
tine  cliuii  h'''. 

'I'lie  I'liill  riov.-rnnicnl  of  Tout,,  which  is  ijuiie 
hc.-iiud  ill  DV  Loirain,  contains  only  one  town,  v\/. 

T-niion  the  .\[.  |r||e,  over  which  it  has  a  line  orijij;  ■. 
Here  are  lever  d  i  hiiri  lies,  two  hol'pitals,  and  a  (eiiii- 
nirv,  a. id  t' e  town,  whii  li  wasa  bilhoji's  li-c  before  the 
1   ■.olution,  1:.  well  lonilied. 

l"<\-:  (I'oV'Tnment  of  Ai.sacp.  is  bounded  lot'^c  wHl 
by  R'.irj^undy  and  l..o  laui,  totlie  call  In  I  lie  On  inui 
and  Brifgaii,  to  the  lonth  by  Swii/.eil.iiid  and  I'Ulgaii, 
and  io  the  north  b\  the  l':'!atin.ue.  The  I  )il  is  good, 
Viildiiif!;  i;.  tin,  fl  x,  tniil,  toliacco,  wood,  wine,  pal- 
lure,  litiion,  hemp,  TurKilli  corn,  o.;t-,  rya,  larley, 
?;  .  Tills  i;ouniry  i<  (i-paiaied  from  Lorrain  by  the 
lot!v  Watgau  mountains,  upon  which  grow  (everal 
kinds  of  larcie  trees,  and  various  Ipccies  of  llirubs, 
ph-its,  &c.  (iamc  likewife  aliouiuh  upon  thcin;  and 
('.e,  bowils  contain  lilvir,  copper,  lead,  iron,  anti- 
iiioir  ,  cobalt,  fu.phur,  coal,  mineral  waters,  ^i.  The 
rives  .vluth  tall  tVom  iheic  mountain'-,  are  the  Leber, 
Cher,  Andlacc,  I'auers,  Sorr,  I'reufch,  Mo!ier,  Selt/- 
back,  Ij,iutcr,  Qi^icech,  Hei,  and  111.  Piclidcs  thcfe, 
Altacc  contains  fcveral  lakes,  anvl  is  svaicr.cl  by  the 
Rhine,  which  feparates  it  from  (ieniiany.  'I"hc  iiilia- 
hitants  are  either  Roman  C.itholic.  or  Lutherans,  and 
they  fpeak  the  German  languagi. 

At  the  peace  ot  Munller  the  emiieror  yieKl.il  up  to 
Fiance  tiie  town  of  BriUn  ,  thelandgrav.u  ot  Upp.r  and 
Li'A.er  Ahac,  the  Sundgau,  and  ihc  dilirict  or  the  ten 
Impel mI  cuies  in  Aha.  e,  with  the  Uneieij^ntv  thercol , 
ami,  at  the  i)eace  of  Ryiwick,  in  1*97,  th;  empcor 
and  uiipire  ceiled  to  l-Vince  the  perpetual  loveiei, /ity 
ofSnatburg,  and  its  dependencies,  oil  the  Ictt  tide  ot 
the  R!.|ir. 

Siiaihui^,  th.-  capital  of  the  w'lole  countiv,  and 
forineilv  a  Iicl  iiii])eiial  city,  liluai'd  on  the  'ivers  111 
antl  Breukli,  about  a  quarter  ol  a  league  lioin  the 
Rhina,  look  the  name  ot  -Stialliurg  Irom  it-.  iLmdnva, 
ne. '•  .1  highway,  called,  bv  t;ie  Liiin  writers  ot  the 
luuldle  ;i;iC,  Strata.  Ii  is  a  large  and  an  ient  1  itv.  The 
l'rnh.'c  f)ver  tlie  Rhine  is  near  an  lingiith  mile  long. 
Though  tlie  city  m.-.y  be  laid  under  watcv,  it  is  uell  f  ir- 
tilled,  and  ha-  a  rcn'ular  cit  1  Icl.  Tlie  cathedral  is  the 
prnuipal  Ihakt  i.ie  ill  .itralbuig  that  m-.-riis  obl'.rvaiion. 
Tlie  ornaments  p'ele:;icd  to  this  church,  by  Lewis  XIV. 
coll  an  immen'e  lum.  lis  lUsplc  is  jullly  re  konctl  one 
ol'the  h'^hetl  in  fairope.  The  gr^a!  bell  in  it  w-  igh.i 
abo\e  ten  ions;  and  another,  called  the  fiver  Ixll,  as 
being  moftly  of  thai  metal,  t\'.o  tons,  and  '  00  weight, 
which  IS  rung  only  twice  a  year.  In  thi  cliurih  is  like- 
wife  a  larerc  clock,  which  exhibits  the  various  motions 
of  the  planets. 

The  other  iniblic  buildings  of  anv  note  arc  iheepil- 
c.ip.li  palace,  the  arfenal,  the  iheatie,  and  die  liolpil.ils. 
I'hey  have  a  tine  phylic-gardeii,  and  an  anatomical  the- 
atre. 

There  arc  alio  here,  a  Lutheran  univerfity  and  gym- 
iialiuni;  a  royal  focicty,  founded  chiefly  tor  th,>  natu- 


No.  So. 


ral  hirtory  of  Alfice;  and  nianv  i  liuri  he"-.  Of  ihc 
men-.b.is  ot  the  city  council,  one  lialf  at.  Luiheran., 
and  the  reil  Roman  Cadioli, ,.  bi  th  '  new  divifioii  oi 
I'r.'iite,  Stnlb  irg  v,  die  cliiet  town  in  the  depariiiiLnt 
o:  Ml .  Rhin  or  I  ,ower  Rhine. 

Il.igriuu,  IS  litiiatcd  on  the  Moiier;  Wciti.'niiurg, 
on  the  Lauter,  contain '(1,  bel'ore  the  revolution,  anaii- 
bey  of  Benedi'-'tipc-;  Liiidau,  in  the  <.1ue  1  h.  is 
llr  ingh  f  niilied;  I'ou  l/.iiis.on  an  iflan..!  i'l  iiie  l-lhine. 
is  .1  hand.ome  htileiown;  Andlau  is  tituaied  on  a  ri\tr 
ot  the  fame  11  inic;  a'ld  Ziixrii,  another  town,  ii  fitua- 
led  on  the  Soi. 

C'olniar,  en  the  111,  the  capiial  of  I'p.p.jr  Al  ace, 
ibrmerly  one  ol  the  ten  Inipeiial  cities  in  Alia  e,  is 
ilrongly  tortilicd.  It  is  inhabiied  prinap.illy  b\  Lu- 
theran', h  IS  a  billiop's  lee,  and,  in  the  n  u  diviliuu 
ill  I'laiii  e,  Coliiiai  is  the  chief  town  in  the  dep-iitmcnl 
o!  1  laut  RliiiKji  L'ppcr  Rhine. 

NcA-Biilac,  a  fmall  town,  laiilt  bv  Lewis  XI\'. 
after  the  peai.e  of  Rytwi-  k,  ,ii-oui  hill  a  league  from 
the  Rhine,  oppofite  to  Old-Brific,  is  Ihongly  firtilied, 
and  to  regul.i,  that  the  tour  gate-,  of  the  to.viv  may  be 
te.n  Irom  the  gieat  m  irket-placi-. 

The  government  'i  Allace  lompreliinds  alfo  the 
Sundgau,  i.  e,  the  foutliera  diilricl,  to  called  in  oppo- 
liiion  to  the  Noidgau,  <ii'  noriherii  diflrict.  'i'his  tcr- 
riton  is  about  1  •  leagues  in  length,  and  'lear  as  much 
in  bre.idth.  Moll  of  ih>'  inhaliiiair  fpcak  Gerinan, 
and  are  I'apilh.  I'his  countrv,  though  mountainou-, 
jiroduces  a  great  de.il  of  corn  and  wine,  and  is  watered 
by  the  111  or  Eil.  At  th,-  peace  of  Munller,  in  11148, 
It  '.^as  icdcd,  by  the  emperor  and  empire,  to  FraiKc. 
Tlieie  aie  no  places  in  it  woith  nieiitionlng. 

The  (iovernmcnt  oi  I-'ranchk  Comte  is  bounded 
to  the  ioutli  and  well  b)  Cliam])agiie  and  Burgu:id< ,  to 
th-  iiortii  l)\-  I^orrain,  and  to  the  c'.ll  b\  Switzerland 
and  Mumpelgard,  b.ing  30  leagues  long,  and  .:o  br  ud. 
It  is  ill  tome  |)iits  Iht;  in  others  hilly;  produces 
grain,  wine,  hemp,  and  palhire;  ami  abounds  in  cattle, 
copper,  iron,  lead,  lilvcr  ore,  tlone  nuariies,  mineral 
waters,  lalt  fjirings,  fee. 

Belapfon,  the  capital,  isfeatcd  on  ilie  Doiix,  whieli 
divides  II  inio  the  L'pper  and  Lower  Tow:i.  1  Ie!c  .ire 
levcral  liot|iii.-ils,  pal.ices,  foint.iins,  an  arLhbilh  'prie, 
and  an  umveility.  The  univeility  has  proletPor-  ot  di- 
vinity, law,  phyfie,  and  the  languages.  Tlie  citv  is 
well  lortilied,  and  def.nded  by  two  eitadels.  li  tlio 
new  divilion  of  1-Van.  e,  Beliinvon  is  the  chief  town  in 
ill.-  department  of  L)oubs. 

Dola  is  a.  t.iwnon  the  river  Doux,  ab  nit  eight  leagues 
fout!i-well  tio.n  B-'fani^  111.  Tliere  are  liver.  1  hue 
111  eels  here;  but  it  was  more  conlidcrable  be  ore  the 
taking  01  B.laiiv'in,  when  it  w.i,  the  capital  of  the 
couniry.  In  the  new  divilion  of  Fiance,  Dola  is  the 
duel  town  in  the  department  of  Jura. 

Saliiis,  in  Latin  Saline,  is  a  prt  tty  large  t.iwn,  which 
takes  its  name  Irom  its  fait  I;  rings,  and  llanJs  fix 
leagues  lout h  from  Bclan<,'on,  and  as  many  lail  tioni 
Dola.  Th.' liilt  fprings  here  are  in  vail  cive  taider 
ground;  whence  the  water  is  railed  b\  cranes,  jiumlis, 
an. I  other  engines,  conveyed  1:110  re!ei-.oir?,  and  tVoin 
llu  nee  into  iron  kettles,  wlieie  it  is  b-nled  into  i'alt. 
Tiie  waters  are  luppofed  lo  a^c'|Uire  their  fa'tnefs  by 
running  through  mines  ot  lali,  and  not  to  com.-  troin 
ilie  lea.  A  gieal  dc.i!  ot  this  fait  is  tent  into  Sui;/.er- 
land  in  calks;  and  tl.e  icll,  bv  mea:i-oi  w.,oden  moulds, 
is  made  int.i  cakes  and  lo.ives  of  three  or  tour  pounds 
w-eighl,  ami  laid  u|)  111  the  warehoules,  until  ill.  v  -uc 
fold.  Vail  c|uaiiiiiies  ot  Wood  ami  coals  aic  re'.jui.ed 
fir  making  the  lab,  and  the  fait  keul.-.  In  the  neigli- 
bourhood  arc  leveial  forts,  and  cjuarriesot  maible,  aU- 
ballcr,  jatpcr,  £cc. 


10  iM 


CHAP. 


.t'i 


n! 


874       A  NKW,  ROYAL,  amb  AUTHENTIC  SYSTENt  or  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRArHY. 


■f! 


,'!■ 


■'ll's' 


^  I' 


C     M     A     p.         XIV. 

S  P  A  I 


N. 


5  K  C  T  I  (1  N      I. 

Ainunt  Namfs.  SiUuUion,  Extent,  Boiitildtits,  Climate, 
Soil,  Mountains,  Rivers,  le^eiiiole  and  Jmtita! 
PiDiiti^lions,  iji.  (Jc. 

SPAIN  formerly  iniliulcil  PortiipU.  nru!  wis  known 
to  the  aiuicnts  In  tlii.-  ii.ime'-  01  \W-r\:\  .iiul  Hi.'I|H'- 
rui,  ;is  w.'ll.is  HilpanM.  It  is  lituauil  bitwua  \(>  and 
44  degrees  ot  north  l,\Mtiiik-.  nnd  huuit-n  j  arnl  1  o  ile- 
grees  welt  longituilt-;  iKing  ;oo  lullc' in  Un^ili,  anil 
5C0  in  l-iroailtli. 

Tiic  air  ot  Spain,  exccptint^  durin;/,  tlu' eouinoi'^ial 
rains,  is  ilry  anil  Icicnv-;  lut  it  :■  exctirivi  Iv  hot  in  the 
louthcrii  proMni.cs  ill  .'iiiK'.  Jnlv.  ami  Anu,(ilh  Tht 
vail  mountains  that  run  throiij^li  tix  loiinliy  are  very 
benciiual  to  tl.c  inlia'i'iaiitf,  iiy  the  lelivfliing  l)ret7e^ 
that  eome  trom  ilie:n  in  the  roiith:rniiio!l  paits  tho' 
thole  towards  the  north  ami  north-call  ire,  in  the  win- 
ter, ver\  iu!J,  and,  in  the  ni'^ht  ti;i'.e,  make  a  tra- 
veller lluver. 

The  I'oi'  of  Spain  i«,  in  general,  'j,ood  and  fertile. 
It  it  i'^  not  lo  iruittui  111  i,orii  a--  mn'Jii  lK'ex|ieCti'd,  11 
is  owing  tothc  indoleme  ol  the  inhal  iiaiiis  in  the  ncj^- 
Icct  ot  tillage. 

In  tliii  kingdom  the  mountain'^  ar.'  rem:iikai1e  f  ii 
their  numliers  and  he'gl.l.  Tlu- iliut  and  hightll  aie 
the  Pyrenc.s,  heinr;  near  200  nllL•^  ia  length,  extei.d- 
ing  from  the  M  (litcniivin  to  ih;;  A'.lantii  Ocean,  and 
diviiling  .Spain  from  France.  Near  Ciibril  ar  thnds 
the  celelTattil  Mount  Calp, ,  now  called  tlie  Hill  ot 
Ciibraltar,  and,  in  toriner  times,  one  ot  the  pillars  ol 
Heicuk'-.  Mmilerrat  is  w  irtliy  the  aiteniion  ol  the 
curious  traveller,  as  one  ot  tlu-  m  )fl  lingular  in  the 
worlil,  tor  liiii.uion,  Ihape,  and  compoli  lion.  A^iiis 
iike  no  other  mountain,  I'o  it  (binds  ([iiile  unconneded 
with  any;  though  nn  far  tlillant  trom  Ionic  that  aie 
very  i 'fly.  Th.re  i';  a  taiiion^  mon  illery  and  thap.l 
on  thi-  mountain,  ileilicatetl  i'>  the  Virgin  Miry,  and 
reibrted  to  by  a  greit  nonil  er  ol  iiili:iimf.  It  is  inha- 
bited by  monks  ot  foeral  naiMn-,  uho  eniert;iin  all 
that  come  hither,  out  of  ilevoti  in  or  curioliiy,  t'lr  three 
days  gratis. 

The  prineip.al  livcn  of  thi'  kingdom  are  the  Diiero, 
the  Tagil',  the  Guaduina,  the  CJuadaUjuiver,  or  Siirio, 
and  the  Kbro. 

Many  parts  of  Spain  pnx'.'.ic'.',  almolf  fi.ontancoiillv, 
the  ruhefl  anil  moll  delicioii-*  Iruii^;  a  orang  s,  le- 
mon-, prune-,  titri'n-,  aliii'Mids,  railin  ,  tigs,  pcaehes, 
pomegranate^,  kc.  Theuiiics  arc  in  hig!i  icciuell 
among  foreigner-;.  Th'-  fides  ot  the  mountains  are 
cloathed  with  rich  trees,  trims,  and  herbag>  ,  to  the 
tops;  and  Seville  oranges  air  noted  ^very  where.  No 
country  produces  a  greater  va:ictv  ot  aromatic  lurlis, 
which  renders  th  •  tade  of  their  kid--  and  lliee[)  to 
extiuituely  deliti-iu. .  The  kingdom  ut  M'luia  abuun<ls 
fo  mucti  with  mulberry-trees,  that  tiie  p.'odiice  ot  its 
foil  loinetimes  amounts  to  20o,ocol.  in  the  (oiirle  of  a 
year.  It  may  be  niilly  oblerved,  upon  the  whole,  that 
few  countries  in  the  world  owe  more  than  Spain  doeb 
to  nature,  and  Ids  to  indullry. 

The  Spaiiilh  hoidsare  neneially  black,  or  if  a  chef- 
nut  colour;  their  cars  are  well  let,  their  main-,  long 
and  fljwing,  their  eyes  full  o!  liic;  and  tiny  pollels 
activity  and  fpirir.  Thole  bred  in  Andaliilia  arc 
ellecmed  the  tinell;  ami,  indeed,  they  are  i>;e;erable 
lor  war,  lliow,  and  the  iiKiiage.  The  mules  of  Anda- 
lufia  are  much  tileemed.  The  Spaniards,  in  general, 
make  ule  of  mules,  riding  or  trawllmg.  TJicy  tat 
little,  and  arc  fure  footed.     Sliced)  abound;  aiul  goali 


are  luim^rmis,  p.irtivularly  the  Chamoi«,  or  Sln;iiov 
goats.  The  wiiil  bulls  have  nvu  li  tnocil  v.  \Vulu-« 
are  the  duel  bealls  ot  prey  that  peller  .S|uin,  whn.l> 
is  well  llorcd  with  all  the  i!,ame  and  wild  fml  tint  arc 
to  be  found  in  the  neighbouring  ci'untri'.s  already  de- 
luibed.  The  Spanilh  leas  a!li)ril  exi-e'lrni  fiih  of  all 
kinds,  i-lpe>  lallv  anchovies,  which  are  here  cured  in 
great  peilection.  Honey,  lalt,  lilk,  lotton,  .md  wo  I 
III  parii.  ulai,  abound  here;  and  tome  parisol  ;lic  coin- 
try  proihice  rice  and  liigar  canes.  Spain  is  ituuli  111- 
felled  with  locuRs. 

There  are  fdutiferou's  fprings  In  fomc  pnrti,  .ind  w.a- 
ters  pofrcrted  ot  cMraordinary  liealing  i|u.ilitieb. 


SI-.  CTKIN     11. 

Grand  Divifwis  cf  the  Kin'jiom  of  Spiiiu,  rvitb  r.r  /■ar. 
tutilar  Dejcription  cf  eaib  Divficn. 

SPAIN  is  di\ided  into  14  grand  diviilnns  or 
piovmces,  whn.li  we  ihall  d.  leiibi  in  the  toliowirg 
okI.t. 

CiALiciA,  ivhi  h  WIS  an.ientlv  a  kingdom,  hasth- 
Oe  an  on  the  '.veil,  Alluriasand  Leon  on  tic  eait,  I'or- 
tiigd  on  the  foiith,  ami  tl.c  Bay  of  Bile  ay  on  the  noiil,. 
It  i  o  a  (qiiare  figiir-,  i  zo  m  Ics  ca.  h  way,  and  xerv 
moun'ainoiis.  Compollella,  orSt.  JagodeComp  .Ihlli, 
the  eaj-iilal,  an  arehb'fhop's  tec,  is  iitu.itcd  betwixt  the 
rivets  T.imbra  and  L'lla,  having  a  Ibong  callle  and 
wal's,  and  (.oniaining  leveral  g"od  llreets,  Kpiarej, 
mon;illerics,  holpitals,  collegi. ..  and  ihurches.  The 
cathedral  i>  a  moll  niagniliecni  llruiiure,  andeont.iins 
the  boily  of  the  apollle  lam^s  llie  younger,  the  teiile- 
lary  faint  and  patron  of  Spain.  TIkic  is  a  prodigi..iH 
concourfe  of  pilgrims  always  ^it  tliispl.ice,  to  pay  tlieir 
devotion-  to  the  Ihrinc  oi  the  fiint.  Here  ate  al  o  an 
univerlitv,  a  court  oi  nciuiiition,  a  lovereign  conn, 
two  annud  fiirs,  and  a  markei  every  w\.ek.  Thee  in  1 
ot  the  holpitals  is  that  for  the  rcteinion  ol  pilgriim. 

Lueo,  anciently  called  f  ,uci:s  .'\i:ga:li,  is  the  fee  of  1 
billioj),  liitriagm  to  St.  I  ig  ).  H  leiie  many  wann 
bathi,  fome  of  which  arc  only  luk'-.'.ann,  ami  u|Iki> 
boiling  hot. 

Corunna,  a  fea-jwrt  town  on  the  I5ay  of  Bi:cav, 
called  by  our  teamen  the  (Jroyne,  i>  a  pkue  o  con- 
liderable  tra  Ic,  having  a  Ipa.  ioiii  liaroour,  wnh  w  ills 
and  forts,  iVveral  convents,  chapels,  eluiivhes,  and  lioi- 
pitals.     In  its  neighbourhood  is  a  quarry  o,  jalper. 

Orenle  is  an  epilcopal  city,  on  the  Muiho.  The 
boiling  Iprings  of  thii  place  are  lalutary  111  levvral  dil- 
orilers. 

Mondonned  1,  16  leagues  trom  the  lea-coafl,  is  thr 
let- of  a  bilhop;  B-tan/.os,  on  the  Mandeo,  lias.igo.Mj 
harbour.  I'inilterre  is  an  imonliderable  town  near  the 
c-pc  of  th  It  nime;  antl  Montforlc,  on  the  Lemos  is  a 
town  bcl'.):iging  lo  the  i.oiint  ol  Lemo--,  who  has  a 
llately  palace  here.  On  the  loji  ot  a  iHighbouring 
m':>untain  is  alpringthat  ebbs  and  lljvys.u  the  lea  does, 
and  IS  alteMiati.ly  he.t  and  loKl. 

Vigo  is  a  town  on  a  ImaJI  biv,  where,  in  1702,  tlir 
Engiilh  and  Dm  h  bii'.ni  the  S|jaiiilh  pl.Ui-  ileit;  and 
Fcrroi,  two  I  ;ague^  iro'.ii  Coiuiiik'.,  is  an  agreeable  town, 
will  a  tine  Iu'Ij  )ur,  \sln.ic  leveral  Span:.li  men  ol  wur 
art  ulually  at  anchor. 

The  [irovincc  ot  Astthia  ,  whi.  !i  i^.  a  princiinlitv, 
ami  giVi.,  title  to  tin-  heredila-y  prince  ol  S,iain,  hi-; 
Ci  ili.ia  on  the  wcil,  tnc  Bay  ol  Hifrav  on  the  call,  llit? 
lea  on  the  noith,   a:ui  (Jld   Callile   uail   Leon  on  liie 

louiL. 


I 


J 


■\    ' 


J    »*! 


GEOGRAPHY. 


Ill'  Cli.imni*,  or  Sliiriiov 
nvu  h  tt  luiilv.  \\'ii|\  c< 
llial  |ii  Iter  Sp.iitl,  wimli 
■i    anil  wil;l  t  iwl  tint  arc 

itij;  c'Hintri'.s  alivaily  ili;. 

lilonl  (.XLilLnt  li:l)  of  ,ill 
ni.li  arc  litTO  cuivil   111 

It,  lilk,  iDiion,  a:id  wo  I 
Ionic  iiarisol  ;lic  cnu:i- 

aucs.     Spam  is  iiuuli  in- 

iC^  in  roiiic  pnrt<,  and  wa- 
licaliiii'  iiualuiL'b. 


l)N      H. 

OKI  of  Spitin,  '.vitb  r.r  far. 
cf  ea.  b  D.  vficn. 

0  14    p,ranil    iliviilorn    or 
11  (1.  IcniK  II)  tlic  lulujwi!:g 

icntlv  a  kmf^ilom,  lias  tli  * 
and  1  .ii-non  lie  rail,  I'lir- 
Bav  dt  Mill. ay  on  tin.  noiil,. 
ni  Ics  ca.  Iiwav,  and  vcrv 
or  St.  lai^odcConip  .iKlli, 
lie,  !->  fitiiated  lictwixt  the 
laviiif;;  a  lining  e all L- and 
.■ral  j;"od  tlitcl";,  kjuarfS, 
I'^i -.  and  ilmrchfs  Tlic 
em  llrtu'turc,  andiontains 
ics  the  voiiiioiT,  ilu'  iciiie- 
lin.  Tlurc  is  a  pr. 'dijii  ■m 
5  at  tliisplaco,  to  |>av  tlnit 
he  laiiir.  Hero  art  al  o  an 
liiition,  a  (i)vtrc!;.'.n  ci'nn, 
ktt  e\irv  wttk.  The  i  In  1 
If  rttcpiioii  ot  pilgnnii. 
.ucus  Ai;!^u;ii,  is  the  lee  of  1 
C  ).  I  {  le  aie  many  wann 
inly  iuki. .'. aim,  and   uihei> 

ivn  "n  the  i'ly  if  Ri'iav, 
(ir  'yne,  i-  a  pLvie  o  con 
la.  ioiii  liariviur,  wnh  u  ilii 
chapels,  iluiivhts,  and  hoi- 
od  IS  a  quarry  o.  ial|)i.'r. 
jitVi  on  the  Miniio.  The 
:  arc  lalutary  111  leveral  dil- 

:s  troni  the  ica-coaft,  i^  th? 
on  the  Mamleo,  liis  a  go.Hj 
iKonliderable  town  near  the 
nttoiie,  on  the  1_aiii(js  is  a 
int  oi  L'.nio'-,  who  lixs  a 
:he  top  ot  a  ni.i(^lil)i)unni; 
bs  and  lljvvs.iitlic  lea  do.s 
old. 

II  hiv,  wliere,  in  1702,  tlif 
he  S|>anilli  pliii-  ll.it;  and 

1  unn.'.,  IS  an  ap.rtealilo  t.Avii, 
Icviral  Span;.li  men  ol  v^ur 


AS  whii  h  ii  a  piincipalitv, 
ditary  prince  ot  S,jain,  Iih 
ly  ol  IVilcav  on  the  call,  tliL* 
1  Call.ile  and  Leon  on  the 
loiidi. 


:<il 


n 


5#. 


w 


i 


H'k 


\4  f 


h 

i 

«:• 

.1^ 

1 

i, 

4u,  1 

't 

r  i: 

i  >!    <r 


llr^'l 


4\' 


.  4 


EUROPE.]  s     r 

finii'i.  It  i-  I  tn  inilo  lorn;,  nml  ^4l)ro.i(.l;  fertile ,  hut 
thinlv  iiili3l):tcil. 

'  Uiciln,  tin.-  cipital,  fitiiafcil  io  niilvvfiom  ili  li.iv  o( 
Biltav,  is  tlic  liL' ot  a  Ixili.'!).  Iliri  .ir  .in  iiniviriiiv, 
livt-r.il  i-(iiiVfiiis,  clu|>.  l-i,  cinii.  !i'i,  .wvl  lii'ljiiiiiU  ; 
:iiii.l  luTi-  IM.U'i,  and  iIk'  lirli  Clitilinn  kiiii;>,  alur  tlu' 
ii'nqiitll  ol  .Sj),iin  IiviIk-  M  >  n,  relijil. 

T  iicuilur  jiLui'' III  tlis  iirovin  i  :iri  iiironfiJciahlc. 

Tin  I  .oidlliip  iif  [liic-AV  IiisiIk  Ww  h)'  the  lame 
name  iiu  the  iKMili,  OM  C'.uliK  on  ilid'oiitlj,  the  Al- 
iiiri.is  on  till-  \v>U,  .i:nl  Na\aiic  on  ilic  iMil.  li  i^  ta- 
rn uis  K)r  its  .iiaii>»"s,  leiiiDiis,  iiiiil  appk-',  ot  whiih 
(\<Miil  iidcr  i.  riiiuK'.  Tin.'  |ii.i)|ilc,  wiiu  aie  ilii'  lu'll 
(  ililiitsanil  l.iilo:s  HI  Spam,  iliiivi-  tli.irnri^iii  Ironulic 
C'.lls.  whole  l.iiif.'.ui;»i.-,  II  iw  iill.d  Ur  Itil  avail,  th.y 
Ipt.ik,  anJ  wliiili  iiearlv  i\l  nilile.  liic  \V  Ith.  This 
provinn' Is  iIivkIliI  inio  tlnt'i.  parts,  vi/.  Uiay  I'im- 
pir,  ( iiiipiilioa,  ami  Alalia.  In  Uilia\  I'lopcr  the 
piim  ipal  piacv-s  ar^' 

Kii*ai.,,  vtiipaily  (alkil  Billxia,  the  lapiral  of  die 
p  <'\  iKc.      It  's  lar^e  anl  p  ipuknn,  aiui  plalanily  (1 
iiiii'.d  (111    (he  river  Ylniiiliil,  wlure  ii  Ins  i   (» loil 
|i.)ir,  ami  a  \i,\\..-i  irule  in  iioii,  wrought  ami  iinwrou>j;hi 
v.in\,  liiHryii,  and  I  hiiniit-. 

Uiiiaii[;o,  I  ;  uiili.>  loiith-call  of  H  Ih  m,  has  ,i  great 
iion  inaniit.ut  jry. 

Jn  (ii.ipiifcoa  aiv 

San  Sclulhan,  a  tovn,  and  noted  pnr(  on  the  Bay 
of  BiKay.  Ii  \^  liandfiime,  well  toitilieil,  and  has  a 
good  harlwiir  and  titade!;  carrvm^  on  alfo  a  lonli- 
deralilv  tr.uK'  in  iron,  lUtl,  and  wool;  and  cnioyiiu;  a 
pKal.i.iit  pnlpecl  o(  the  ka  on  one  lid.-,  and  the  I'v- 
lenean  Moiniaiii'  on  the  other.  1  lere  is  a  company 
w!in.li  ti.ules  to  the  Caiacea^. 

I'liemarabia,  a  little  town  oa  the  titmoll  holders  of 
5|)aiii,  next  to  Irance,  has  a  p'etiy  j'u  k!  hark  >iir,  and 
Is  fortitied  loth  In  nature  and  art.  'I  he  Kluid  of 
Pliealants,  in  the  river  Bidifloa,  nine  miks  from  Fu 
cmaiabia,  was  tmuuis  lor  the  pjaee  of  the  I'yun.e', 
C'lncluiled  in  i's9.  I'-lwieti  Nlatia  Therel.i,  Int.m.a 
of  Spain,  and  L.  w.s  XIV. 

Mendrapoii  is  !■  1  oiaied  for  its  min;ral  Ipiinr;;^; 
Solinas  tor  its  lak  Iprin^s;  ami  the  S  e;ra  de  Adiiin  ■, 
in  this  dillrict,  ii  the  highell  mountain  anjonj,  the  I'y- 
reiiies. 

The  dirtrift  of  Alaka  contains  no  place  wnrtlu'  of 
mention  but  N'iioria,  which  is  luirou'.nkil  bv  a  svall, 
coiu.uns  m.inv  maf!,nilii  ent  inoaalKrie-,  |)artiiularly 
Ihat  ot  St.  1  ra:u  :s,  and  has  a  ^M\at  Made  in  ii.'ii,  lleel, 
wool,  wine,  and  Iwonl-kla'.le-. 

'I'lie  I'nniiuc  of  I'iti  R  Navarrf.,  fi  cUk'd  to 
didinguidi  it  Iroiu  Lower  Navarre,  whkli  belongs  to 
I'lance,  has  Arragon  on  ihe  l'iut!i,thiT>Tenean  Moun- 
tains on  the  north  and  eail,  anil  DldCallil'-  and  Biica) 
lithe  welt;  beim;  Ho  miles  lonp,,  and  73  Inoid.  It 
abouttds  v.uli  cat'le,  ;;:une,  honey,  oil,  wine,  fmie 
grain,  a  f.",v  mediuiial  waieis,  aiid  fome  niineial  . 

I'amp.-loiia,  t!ie  eapial,  liiuateil  at  the  toil  of  the 
Pvrenees,  ai.d  wallcil,  is  the  fee  of  a  billvp,  luliuct  10 
the  ardibilhop  of  Burgo?.  H^-re  arc  ;iii  iinivcrlity, 
founded  in  ii.od,  two  catUcs,  leveral  ehureln';,  and 
manv  convents.  Two  high  roads  lead  from  tliis  c  tv, 
over  the  t'yrenees,  to  France:  one  to  Bivonne,  ihr  aigh 
the  val'cy  'A  Bal..n  ;  and  the  other,  vvlr.ch  is  ihc  ln.lt, 
to  St.  jeiii  pie  de  I'ort,  bv  the  way  of  Taraifi. 

Talalla,  on  the  CaiL'vo,  is  a  large  city,  containing 
.111  iiniveriiiv,  and  dek-iiikd  liy  a  c  idle. 

Tudela,  a  city  plealaiitly  li'.uat  il  on  the  banks  of 
the  I'Uiro,  is  walled,  and  has  lcver,,[  churches  ami  con- 
vents, with  a  llatelv  bridge  over  the  river. 

Kflella  is  a  handfonie  town  on  the  river  F.ga,  Its 
name  lignities  a  ftar,  havir.g  bien  built  to  guide,  like 
a  liar,  the  weary  jjilgrims,  jiatring  !lnou:;h  tliefc  wild 
mountains  in  their  way  to  Coinpollell.i. 

L'allantci  is  a  fmall  city  on  the:  banks  of  th.- river 
Quelk's,  in  the  dillrict  of  Tudcia.     h^  Roman  name 


K        I        N.  Hjs 

wuCalcantum;  .ind  romc  roins  of  TIbcriul  are  ftill 
cMant,  inlLribcil  Muic.ps  Calcantum. 

Ann.  \f.oN,  which  was  aiKicnily  a  kingdom,  hu^  the 
i'\reneeson  the  noith,  Val'ntia  on  tlr  foiith,  Citalo- 
nii  oil  the  nit,  and  C'adile  ind  Navarre  <n  the  well| 
being  i;oniil.'  lin;_',and  iiobroul. 

S'.ragoll'i,  ill.'  lapn.d,  liiuatcd  o-;  the  banki  of  the 
I'bio,  almoll  in  the  heut  i)  t!ie  profinrc,  k  a  large, 
p  ipiiloi^  city,  llandin!',  ill  a  ple.if.'nt  fertile  pi  lin,  wa- 
ttud  by  four  rive;*, and  <ontaiivn,;  ni:m\  coiivenfsanil 
ihnrtli  ^i  bur  the  <athedi;d  is  an  old  iircgiil.ir  IniilJ. 
ing.  The  archlnlkop  h,i,  n  conlidcrable  r  venue.  The 
univerfity  lure  was  fiundni  in  174)..  A  gieit  many 
peilons  ot  qualitv  rcfide  i'l  tliii  env,  uhii.li  i-  the  Icai 
ot  ilie  court  of  royal  audience  fir  Arrai;'  n,  and  of  the 
gi  veinor  and  capfain-ivn  ral.  Ol  the  ihurihes,  that 
of  Our  [vidy  of  the  I'lllar,  and  o!  the  lonveats,  that 
ot  St.  I'lanci  ,  are  the  moll  remarkable.  Here  irc  two 
llite'y  bridges  ovei  the  Ebro;  and  the  walls  of  th;  city,' 
ilii'iigh  old,  are  thong  and  1  otiy. 

An  ingeniou-,  as  well  as  ficetiou:  tiavei'cr,  vvho 
made  tiie  tour  of  Spain,  a  ihort  'iaie  fuKe,  d' cl  irej, 
tl.it  iliou 'ji  S  ragotia  is  repieleated,  '  y  l''>nie  pe0()le, 
as  a  liadiiij,  city,  he  law  no  appearamc  of  any  luck 
th  iiiJ.  On  tl  e  contrary,  the  pc  iple  w^e  all  loungi-.ig 
.bout  with  tlicir  ami-  ac  ri)fs,  the  warehoufes  empty, 
and  nil  a  fingle  iki.*i'  to  be  I'een  on  the  Fbro. 

The  julaee  of  the  intpr.lition  is  in  th.e  center  of  tiie 
lity.  The  vv:dl ,,  wliich  are  of  a  deep  yello'.v,  thick, 
ami  flanked  with  towers,  api<ear  I'j  be  an  hundred  ket 
high. 

The  city  p  itf 5  .arc  fhut  as  (o'-n  as  it  is  dark;  but, 
fir  the  value  ot  tixpence,  ih.ey  lly  open  at  .inv  h"ur. 

To  juclg-  ol  die  people  ot  the  hi;;her  clau  in  the 
privince  ot  Airagon,  bv  the  full  interview,  tbjy  ap- 
p  at  humble,  are  obft(iuious,  inquili'.ive,  and  tond  of 
gallic;  converliiiit  with  heraldry,  vain  o!  their  f.uniiy 
arms,  and  .ag.r  to  Ihevv  iliem. 

Till  re  are  two  nianvitav^bTics  here;  one  of  brandy, 
the  other  o'  hats,  which  are  ev^eilen'. 

Th.' moi.ks  (  f  St.  Bernard  reiul  Mi;kadel  winc^. 
riieir  garden  are  vvv  11  kirniilred  with  tables,  lurrounded 
In  15a.  chana'ians, 

Da"X-a, a  co'Uiderablc  town, 4S  is.iles  ti oai  S  ir.i  rpffHf 
is  walknl,  and  1  tiiat,d  on  an  eminence,  amidlf  a  fertile 
r.iul  delicious  plain.  Here  are  kveral  lonvcnts,  cha- 
pels t".;iiar  s,  a:id  fountains;  and  in  th.;  ntiglihour- 
ho'.'.l  is  a  l.irge  cave,  of  which  thcv  tell  many  won  Lrs. 

Near  Taia/.ona,  a  conliderable  town  on  the  little 
iivei  Qi^i.  iles,  is  Mon  Cavo,  anciently  M  -asCaci,  which 
uwm  the  Spaniards  pret.nd  it  had  Irom  the  tyrant  Ca- 
eiis  who  '.va-  kilk,!  by  Her.  cd.s.  Thet-avn  is  well 
built  an^l  walled,  ilvivcs  a  good  trade,  an.d  i^  the  kc 
of  a  bihop,  ful'tVagan  to  Saragotfi. 

Boria,  a  In'.all  but  plea'ant  city,  near  Mon  Cavo,  is 
wal'ed,  and  hasa,cat\le,  with  feveral  con.\nt-, 

Xaci,  at  tie  toot  of  the  I'yren.es  a  well  bui!f  wall- 
ed loivh,  has  a  ilron ;;  catlle,  .;nd  is  the  ice  of  a  bifliop. 

Calatavud,  45  iiiile-.  t'outli-well  o.  Saiagolia,  is  plea- 
I'anily  ti;uated,  has  a  go, ^d  air,  llong  walk,  niinv  con- 
vents, and  is  clcbraied  kc  its  tine  leiupred  (\;el. 

Ba  balli )  i  tiiuatcd  on  the  Vero,  (jver  which  it  has 
a  rtatclv  bridge.  It  llands  in  a  lertil '  ,dain,  is  fur- 
rounded  by  a  wall,  contains  fevv.ral  convents,  and  is 
the  fee  of  a  bilho[>. 

Catalonia  has  the  Mediterranean  fiiuth  and  end, 
the  I'vreiiees  no'tli.  aiul  Arragon  and  VaiL'iicia  well. 
It  is  150  mile;  jonv;,  1:0  iiroad,  is  vvcil  watercl,  ha,  a 
fertile  foil,  ;'nd  a  temperate  air.  Tiie  p'lncii'ai  piacs 
are  the  tollowint', : 

Barcelona,  the  cap'tal,  a  vvell  I'l-rt'.'-'cd  cif,  is  lliui- 
tcd  on  the  Me.liieiranean,  becve.-a  :'  :i  .-r  L.k-I'.rcgat 
and  H,  I'os,  at  the  fooi  of  the  moi:,  -.i.a  M  a'.niy,  oa 
which  ai-,'  !.  veral  !'ori  ,  c.omiiiarding  the  loan  .ind  iiar- 
b>ur.  The  Litteri,!  ti.ve  lievrv  's  fpai  10115,  deep,  .lad 
fafe;  and  the  trade  carried  0.1  by  u  cjniiderable.  t-lore 

are 


m 


m 


-iii 


A- J 


I 


Hit 


1 1 


1^' 


■Kit 'Ik 


^.6        A  N'i:W    ROYAL,  a:)d  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  pf  UNIVERSAL  CEOCRAniY, 


arc  msiiy  y,oo(l  lli'Lot^.  lionl'cp,  tluaclii.'?,  i.olkges  i| 
h  I'piial','  tonntains,  gaulcnN,  aiul  conv^.n^^,  wiili  :in 
uiiiviTlitv,  iv.\  .\c.uli.niv  ol  an--  aiu!  ii.iciKcs,a  court  ot 
in.juiliiion,  the  loiirt  pC  rov;il  uudiciKL'  lor  C.ualonia, 
in  which  ihv  governor  an^lciptiin-^en^ral  prclulc,  and 
Uk'Hc  (if  an"a'.viihilln'|-,  I'li.-  ia;hedral  is  large  .u\'.'. 
mae,niti.ont ;  ami  ilv.if  arv.'  I'.vjra!  aniiquiues  ai'cuuhc 
cit\ .  Nf.ir  the  ca;lvihal  i-  a  iluirJi,  w  h.ri.'  piovnio.i^ 
arc  ihl\iil)iual  cwrv  iia\  to  a  ccn.'.in  mmihcr  ol 
poor.  The  territory  rouiul  it  i^  extienuly  tertile  aiul 
lieh-htful. 

Tarragona,  aticiently  called  Tareon  and  Tarraco, 
(lanils  near  the  lea,  :;o  mile>  from  IJarcelona  to  the 
louih-wel^,  at  the  mouth  ot  the  little  river  l-"iaiuoli, 
where  it  has  a  lafe  and  convenient  haihour  tor  1  mail 
niip>,  and  a  g'.Hxi  trade.  Here  are  an  iiniverliiy  with- 
out the  town,  and  the  lee  ot  an  aiihl'ilhup.  One  ot 
the  chict"  div '.lions  ot  Spain  was  anciently  called,  ti'Mu 
this  city,  Tarraionenl'.?.  The  climate  here  i^  lo  leni- 
peiaie,  and  the  Ibil  lo  ri.h  and  warm,  that  the  trees 
bear  fruit,  and  hloirim.  in  the  middle  of  winter. 

Lerida,  on  the  Scgre,  an  ancient  and  llrong  city, 
tontaiiij  Icveral  coiuents  ard  monalTries  anunivcr- 
l;:\,  a  vourt  ot  inquilition,  .snd  i-  a  biilioii's  lee. 

Tortoia,  on  the  l:^li;o,  i>  .in  aniiem  w  illed  city  mar 
the  lea,  and  r.as  a  t  iidi;>  ot  boats  o\er  theiiver,  with 
a  lh\>ng  caille  and  other  lort,.;eations,  an  univerlitv, 
and  teseral  ..hurches  and  lonvents.  Ii  i-.  the  lee  ol  a 
bifliop,  gives  the  till/  ot  nniqui;,  and  carrub  <'U  a 
good  tr.idc  in  lilk  am',  larthvn-w.ire. 

Tcirolis,  nearLciida,  has  .m  air  whi^h  \-  remiik- 
ably  l.iliibnous,  and  paiticulaily  in  cale,  ot  iiii.inity; 
lo  il;.ii  it  lb  comniun,  all  over  C.U.ilonu,  lo  lay  to  ,i 
pafl".  n.UJ  perl^n,  "  You  inu'.l  be  Unl  to  'I'eiiullb  io\ 
A  cure."' 

CarJona,  a  handfome  i-wn  luar  t!.c  iiver  Cau'one- 
ra,  IS  wlH  lortiried;  ami  n^ar  it  is  a  mo  iitain  ot  laii, 
which  \ield3  a  great  r.vei;ue  to  tl.e  d.ik^,  win  tak.es 
lii~  title  ironi  tli.  town,  of  uhicli  he  i^  lo:d,  and  one 
ot  ihe  ncheil  j^randee-,  of  S|..iin. 


Bal.iiii' 5,  a  little  town  on  a  \-a\    of  the   fui, 


neai 
,  ha;> 


C.ipe  Pal.itugel,  with  a  gO' il  harbour,  is  lortih 
a  citailtl.  ami  give-  ti.etiileof  cuiiii. 

G:.'"ona,  aiKiently  (j..iu:;d.i,  .1  i  .iiiiidi'ra'.  le  town  in 
the  c.ill  jiart  of  iIk  [r.iViiKe,  lt.ind->  near  the  i  .i,liii\ 
o!  the  Ter  aiul  Onliai  ;  lia-  Uroni;  old  waif',  and  otliei 
lortiheaiions;  witii  niir.y  convent',  and  in  univeilityj 
bein^'  alio  the  Itc  ot  .1  buhop,  lu!ti\is;an  to  ih,-  .:r;.!i- 
liilhop  01   Tariagona.      The   iieighbDuung  iountr\    is 


re>  koiiei! 
ries  on  a 


the  moll  tertile  in  Catalonia.     The 
good  t 


10. Ml  i.ai- 


raoe,  and  "ivi.  ■  the  title  o!  louni. 


Roles,  a  llrong  town,  wilh  a  g  )od  li.irliour,  on  a  bay 
owes   if-  name  and   ori 'in    to    the  ancient 


of  l!ie  lea, 
town  I't  Kiioil.i, 


wl 


li  1'. 


'ua  .1 1 


itlle  way 


r,' 


rCa;  e 


1' 


eucetda,  a  l.irge  to'.vn,  .;nd  the  capnai  01  tl'e  car! 


C\  id 


ague,   li  tonilied  in   tne  nuMletn  1; 


eaildom,  and   bill 


cit\ 

n.es,  IS  well  waile 


lopi 


r.'ji   t..r  irom  tn.- 


1' 


.as  the  marquis  ot  Allorga.  The  billiop  is  immedi.tteir 
lubieet  to  the  pope.  This  citv  was  liic  lull  ol  any  luuc 
that  w.is  te-iakcn  trom  the  Moois. 

Salamanca  IS  ai\  ancient,  large,  rich,  and   populous 
citv  on   tile   river  Tornies.     Here    is   an    univiilii\, 
the  guatelt  in  Spain;  likeuile  many  palaces,  fquai,-, 
ion\'.  ni~,  I  hurches,    lolleiH!;,  ch.ipils,  ami    holpial". 
The  buhop  of  this  liiy  is  lutliagan  to  the  ardibiiliop 
ol' C'.invpoilJla.     A  Ri'i.ian   w.iy  le.uls  Irom  luni  e  t.-. 
Meiida  and  Sev'Me;  and  tlure  is  an  old  Roman  hiiilge 
of  it  ne  over  the  Tormcs.     Ot  the  colleges  in  the  uni- 
verlitv, Kur  are  a|>propriated  to\>Hing  mui  of  quality; 
and  near  It  is  an  inlirmary  tor  poor  lick  liholar-.    'llie 
lUidentb  arc  drclied  in   Idack,  and   have  their  irowiii 
lliorn.     The  moll  beauti.ul   part   ot    this  city  is  !'..• 
gieat    Iquare.     The   houles   are   three   llories,  all   of 
iqual  lull, lit,  and  cxad  Ivmmetry,  wiih    nsin   bako- 
nns,  anil  a  llone  balullrade  on  the  top  of  them.     The 
lower  part  is  ar^lied,   wlmh  tonus  a  pia/ /.a  all  round 
the  fquareot  zu]  feet  on  each  tide.     Ovcrloiiv:  ot  the 
,iivhe.i  are  medallions,  with  bulls  ot  the  kings  of  Spai'i, 
and  of  fcvcral   eminviit    liv.n,   in   llone    balio-n  lievo; 
among  which  are  thofe  ot   I'erilinaiul  Coiie/.,  l'"ran'  li 
I'lzans),  Davila,  .and  Cid   Ruy.     In  this   Iquare  th.- 
bull  lights  are  exhibited  tor   tliree  davs  only,  In   ilie 
month  ol   June.     Ihe  ri\er  Tornie>  runs  bv  this  citv, 
and  has  a  bridge  over  ii. 

Cuuiad,  or  CividadRodiiao,  a  citv  on  the  .Aquaila, 
had  11-  name  Irom  U.m  Rodrigo  (jon/.ales  Giion,  who 
rciuilt  It  about  the  vcar  'zcz.  It  i^  the  Ice  ot  a  bi- 
Ihop.  futlVagan  to  the  arc'.ibilliop  ol  CompolUlla.  h.as 
a  line  Uoihic  c.thcdral,  and  con:, .ins  manv  inn  ,  vihuh 
are  beti.r  than  any  ;n  Portugal,  and  tup  ri.)r  to  moll 
111  .S|-ia:n. 

Za:ii  ro,  onti  e  Douro,  is  fiiuated  in  a  fertile  coun- 
II  \.  wc'l  foriiiied,  has  a  noble  biidgc,  1  ihe  lee  ol  .1 
I)  Ihop,  «nd  coiitains  many  churches,  toiivtnls,  and 
Ivlpita!!. 

Allorga,  on  the  Ailuia,  has  good  t  >r,ilicaiions,  i.< 
the  tec  ot  a  biili^'p,  and  give'-  iiile  t"  a  marquis. 

Toito,  on  the  IJ  luio,  is  pl.alantly  lituaied.  Tlurc 

aiea  llal.ly  llone  biidge  heieover  the  liver,  ir '"v  con- 

Vint-,   leveral  I  liapels,  iluirches,   and  ho  p-t.ih.    Here 

th.'  fimouv  /cjjt'j  tauricd'  were  conlimied,  in  a  ihet  lield 

y  I'erdinand  and  ll.ibella. 

I'aien.ia,  I'leaianllv   litunted-n    the   river  Carrion, 

was  dellroyed  by  the  Rom.m--;   but  leiniilt   bv  San.ho 

tliefjreit.     Here  aie   m.i;'v  convents   chinches,   and 

ch.i-ii'ls,  and  ill.'  fee  ot  a  billiop,  lullVagan  to  the  ar^li- 

I      ill  "p  ot  Co.iipotlella. 

I       .M-dina  d  1  U.:o  Secco,  or  the  citv  "f  the  On  River, 
1  lo  cal  e  1  to  di!linguilh  it  trom  Medina  ilel  Camp  >,  m 


11 


I  tlK  lime 


!ue,  IS  a  flourilhing  town,  litiiatcd 


m  a 


r- 


Iruiti'.il   ].'iiin,  and   contains  a    llrong  caille 


,th  1'  '  ei.d  climches,  chape 


h.f 


■iitals;  and  is  a 


and  ibnd.  betwi.xt  tlu  rivcib  Catwl  and  Segrc,  .it  the 
tool  ot   the  I'yreiiee  . 

Urgcl,  originally   Orgia  and  Orgeli'.rn,  an  .incicnt 


n.h\  belong. IV  to  the  admiral  of  Calli 
M. 


Una 


irtains  main    conveins 


■and 

churches,  witii  leviial  holpitais,  carries  on  a  good  tr.ule, 
,ind  has  jiecuhar  piivilege-. 


lias  an  ancien 


L  calUe 


and  '.ev^ra 


Convents,  and  its  territory  is  extremely  feitile. 


Lec 


las  the  All  Unas  on  the  north,  Kil 


rcniadura 


onihc  lo.ith,  G.ii 
Old  Callile 


upw 


I  F  irtuj;al  on   tiie   wi; 


and 


the  call,     k  IS  iSc 


o  miltJ  long,  antl 

ardb  ot  80  broad;   iias  a  truittul  toil,  abouikh  111 

cattle  and  game,  aiut  contains  ic-veral  c]uariies  ot  llone 


and  mines  oi  lewel 


The  dukes  of  Ni 


ii<-' 


a  are  here- 


Jita;y  governors,  and   the  ehiet  places   arc  the  tollow- 
jng. 

La'oii,  the   cajiital   ot   the   province,  (ituated    16 


Est 


iiKMAoeR.-,    h.is    l\)rtiiL!,al    lo  the    weft,    W 


Callile  t.i  tlie  eul.  An 


luli.i  to  ihe  loiilh,  an 


I  L 


to  the  n  irtli. 


It 


IS   1  :o  m 


les   I 


one 


I  10  hro.ad 


eon 
ill 


watered,  and  the  foil  lo  remarkai'ly  luxuriant,  thai  it 
isjullly  ileeiind  one  (jf  the  moll  truittul  jilaces  in  Eu- 


jpe. 
M 


It  contains  the  I 
eiivia,  whh  h   w.is 


III. 


oliowing  |ilaie^  : 
built   I'lginall'    by  C;elar  Au- 
is  liiuatt'd  on  tlic  Anas,  over  whu  h  it   liai 


ll 


111   ret.iiiij 


miles  iioith-vve 


tuiian  111' 


H  11 


.Ma 


at  the  lO'Jt  of  ilie  Al- 


ijjntains.     It  IliinU  in  a  pl.'aiani  eouiitry,   is 


\\tll  iniiit,  and  coiilams  many  convenis  and 


ipcl 


Willi  leveral  tiolpit.ils,  and  one  01  the  linell  cathediais 
in  bpain,  yf  wlin.)i  uic  king  i»  alwi>»  a  canon,  as  well 


gu 

abridge,  i-lmall,   but  well  lonilied,  and 

lome  tr.igments  ot  its  ancient  Ipleiuloi. 

H.id  no/,  is  ihe  largi  ll  city  in  the  province,  ,ind  well 
lortilied.  Here  ,iit  a  tine  old  I'l'iiiian  fridge  of  llone, 
lome  handlome  llieets,  ihiiri  lies,  monalUiies,  uinl  two 


modern  i  alUe',   with  the  'c 


a  I'ilh' 


til 


e  arJiiiiOiop  ol  Compoll.Ua. 


p,  luitr.ij',aii  to 


Plaz.encia,  a  beautiiul  well  built  city,  and  billiop'i 
fee,  on  the  banks  ot  the  litil  river  I'.xerie,  i.ik^s  its 
name  from  the  deligliifulncl»  of  iis  liluation,  in   ihf 

miJll 


iiiidi' 

l'l,!/ei 

verlitii 

lil'lVl- 
1  i'.lV 

domii 

liillu 

ill-  da 

Til 

fllOIll' 

All 
over  . 
tl.u  s 
kni"Ji 

■i':i 

br.iui 
tam'.i, 

Ol 

been 
Ni'w- 
and  P.. 

\  ,in  e 
a'  .mil 
taiii-" 
and  I  > 
P.ii' 
liai;.!' 
call-.c. 
Sp.M: 
til.'    I 
to  i\ 
bu-.M 
1  I  he  I"  : 
11;. ill' 
iIk-  11:^ 
t!ie  ci! 
tenth 
1  ediiii 


CIF.OCRArHY. 

riio  billiop  is  iiiiim\li,UiIy 

:y  was  the  mil  ol  iiiiy  note 

loots. 

irai',  lull,  and   pnpuK.in 

Here  is  an  iiniwiliix, 
!-■  main  palans,  UnKir,-, 
',  i.I'.,i|h1s,  ;inil  holjii.iU. 
Iraiian  lo  ilic  ardibillu.p 

uay  kails  trom  lutiic  tn 
V  IS  an  oki  Roman  biidoe 
)t  tlicioUcges  in  il-.c  um- 

Io\>Hini;  nun  (iqualitv; 
r  poor  lick  ItluilaiN,  'I  l;e 
k,  and   liavc  tlK'ir  uouiu 

part   of  tl;is  city  is  I',.- 

arc  ihrcc  llories,  all  of 
metry,  wiih  iron  bako- 
m  till  top  oi'tlicm.     Till- 

forms  a  pia/za  all  round 
h  lidv-.  Ovcrlbnv  ot  tlie 
nils  oi  till'  kinjis  ot  Spai'i, 
1,  in  llniK-  baii'o-r>licvii; 
irdinand  Coitcz,  I'Yan'  is 
Luy.     In  this   Iquarc  ili,: 

tlirc  ikus  only,  in  ilie 
ToMiic-'  runs  bv  tlis  i.ii\, 

1:0,  a  riiv  on  tlic  Aipiada, 
ngo  Oon/akb  Gipni,  wlio 
'2.  It  is  iIk  lie  i)t  a  bi- 
lliop ot  CompolUl'.a,  lias 
ront-iins  manv  mn  ,  whu  h 
j;al,  and  tup  riir  10  moll: 

i  (::uati-d  i:i  a  fertile  loim- 

)lc  b;Kt;^f,  1     the  Uc  oi  a 

thun.i.i.s,  loiivtnts,  and 

las  j',()od   t'lriilicaiions,  15 

^  tail'  t'l  a  mari]uis. 

[I  r.iaiitly  l;liiaicd.   'riiiri* 

i;vcr  llic  liver,  ir  "n  i mi- 
Iks,   and  iio'p'iab.    ihrc 

Loiilimiid,   in  a  diet  held 

ci!  I'n  I  ho  river  Carrion, 
;  but  relniilt  bv  >ian.  ho 
convents  ciiiirilics,  and 
),  lull'ra^an  to  iIr-  ar.  h- 

tl'.c  I  ilv  nf"  the  Hrv  River, 
II  Medina  del  Camp;),  in 

ihuu!,  town,  litiiatid   in  a 
contains  a    dro.u;  callle, 
1^  am;  III.  Ipiiah;  and  is  a 
ral  ol  Callik'. 
aiiis  manv    convents  nnd 

s,  carries  on  a  i',ood  trade, 


ii2,al  lo  llie  well.  New 
to  ilie  loiiih,  and  Leon 
■s  long,  I  10  broad,  well 
arka  My  luxuriant,  thai  it 
loll  fruitful  ))laccs  in  Ell- 
in j;  plaice : 

.  Ismail'  by  Cx-lar  Au- 
c  Anas,  dver  wIik  h  it  Irn 
oiiitied,  and  llill  leiaiiH 
I  Ijilend':. 

Ill  ilie  province,  and  well 
d  R'lman  bridge  of'  Itoiic, 
lies,  monalleries,  aid  two 
"1  a  I'illv  p,  luilrajvi.i  to 
la. 

■II  built  city,  and  billiop'i 
liver   I'.xerie,  lak^s  Us 
U  ot    lib  filuation,  It)   I  he 
iiiidlt 


I 


r.uRorF,.] 


I      N. 


s;;^ 


midll  ot'  tliai  mnfl  delicioii';  Ipnt  called  La  Vera  dc 
I'l.'./eiii  ia,  o)'  the  Orchard  of'  I'la/.encia,  which  is  di- 
verlilierd  wiih  btaiitiful  leats,  villages,  SMidens,  and 
ijiMvesof  the  lined  citr'in,  lemon,  01  utu;e,  and  lig-tree-. 
I  i-ie  the  emperor  Charles  V.  Iiavin,;  rel'jMied  all  his 
ilominiiMis.  leiired  into  the  timous  monallerv  of  St. 
Jullu-,  wlure,  alier  living  iwo  years  a  rev  lule,  he  eiuLd 
Jii-  days. 

'I'he  I  it\  is  well  built,  handi'omc,  delendal  bv 
{lioni;w.db,  and  ha^  a  lai'de. 

Alc:;niara  is  a  llroiig  town,  litiiaied  "n  the  Taivii;, 
over  which  ii  haili  a  ma_r,iri;cnr  ondge,  built  in  the 
da\  s  of"  the  empeior  'I'laian,  and  lielongiiig  lo  the 
knii'Jus  who  lai.e  their  name  from  it. 

I'nixillo  i-deundcd  by  a  IliMnt;  citadel,  and  crle- 
tiraied  forbeiiig  ihe  native  place  ol  Fraiiei^  ri/.ano,  i!ie 
tanii'U^  loiur.x-ioi  ot  I'eru. 

Oi.nC  A^TiLr,  formerly  a  kingdom,  was  fo  called. 
bec.iiilr  it  uas  rccovernl  tiom  ihe  Muors  l.oiur  :han 
NcA-Callile,  which  bounds  ii  on  thef  uth,  a-  Alliuia 
.ind  Biliav  ilo  lo  ihe  north,  I  .eon  10  i!;e  wcl;,  and  Na- 
varre and  Ariagon  to  ilir  eall.  It  is  i  :o  niii.s  long, 
ai.out  icol>ro,,d  in  ;ts  vuiaieil  e.\;eiu,  has  lome  moun- 
tains, but,  in  geiier.i!,  I-.  Very  kitile.  It  I  w  .11  watered, 
and  I  ontams, 

l5ii|io  ,  il'.e  capital  ol  ilii'  p'rovliiee,  whii  h  l.a-  r.iiic 
liar.d'iome  Iquaie-,  ])ublic  biiueing?,  ,\r.d  palaci'-.  'I'lie 
catl'.cihal  here  is  one  01  the  noblell  a;.d  richeil  in 
Spun.  riic  re  ai\-  manv  elegant  fount.iins  to  liippiv 
tu.-  Ill'  ■\\'\\  v.a  el",  the  inl  abiiants  i-t  uhicli  are  laid 
to  i\  nvae  11  id  mi  nous,  ;'.nd  lo  i  airv  on  ,1  greater  luiin- 
ber  ot  trades  and  manulaiuircs,  tlian  i  .  common  in 
1  ihei"  great  ciii.'s  ol  .S|iai!i.  The  walls  are  am  leiii  Inn 
11;. ill.'.  Anioi.g  the  holpitals  is  ohl- for  |)ilgrlms.  On 
the  norili  llde,  nii  an  almoll  inaccclVible  lock,  llands 
tiie  ciladi  1.  The  city,  whiili  was  built  in  the  ninth  or 
tenth  i\iiiur\,  on  the  ruins  ol  Auca,  claims  the  jne- 
ledenceolall  ollKr-.  in  ihe  cortes  or  parli.imeiil  ol 
Call  lie. 

Valad'ilid  isalar.ge,  populous,  willed  i  ity,  ]i!eataiul\- 
(iiu.ucil  on  the  banks  ol  ihe  rivir  I'lluerjja.  I  lereare  a 
great  luimler  ot  convent:,,  li  'IpitaK,  lijuarcj.  colleges, 
and  el  uicIr-  ,  w  .ihan  umvcrlil\',  li.e  ne,\l  in  digiutv  to 
that  of  Silam  .11  ,  and  the  l^c  -t  a  billiop,  lulliagan 
to  ihe  a!eli!iillu)[)  ot  Toledo.  Ikr  ■  are  a'lo  a  line 
io;al  p..laa',  an  academy,  a  court  of  inquiliiion,  a  huh 
iou:l  of  ii:'li',^,  Icveial  Uia.uit.»."lori^i,  .uiil  a  coiiiidei- 
a'.d    ti;.d.'. 

Mon.ilU-iio  de  la-.  Ro.,lilla'  is  tamciis  lor  it .  adml- 
rai'le  C,-.:'  'Ii.ui  i.  in^  le. 

Avil.'.  I-  .1 1  oiifiderable  1  il\ ,  h  iviiig;m  univeifty,  nr.d 
being  ihc  Ice  of  a  bilh  p,  litliagan  to  the  archb'.ll.op 
<i'.  Sr.  jaeo.  1;  is  paitici.laily  taniou^  lor  having  given 
1.1  ;h  to  Si.  rhcrefi. 

CiLdiori:'.,  orCai.'iguii  ,  on  the  F.bio,  1,  ll'c  lee  o!  a 
I  idiop.  'I'l.i-  place  IS  l.iuious  m  hilh'ry  h  r  ihe  liege  it 
loi'mcih  lullained  agunll  a:\:  ol  l'omjiv-y\  '..vncral  , 
till  the  bra\e  ii;i,'civ  wcie  loicul  10  lal  lach  other; 
whence  the  proveil  i.d  ixineilion^,  I'.imiiies  Ca'aguiina 
or  the  r.uiiine  ■  1  Ca'aguii-. 

Sego\  i  i  is  a  V  r\  .uicieiii,  large,  opulriii,  populous, 
and  hanilfome  luy,  on  the  ii\er  Atyad.i.  lis  wealth 
antes  not  onlv  tiom  tlu  gieat  number  of  iioble  lamilies 
who  make  it  t;.iir  cl.i.t  nlnKnce,  but  muih  more 
li\jm  lis  l.iige  i  ommeie.  a'ul  iiianutac;  ores,  elp.eially 
thoie  ol  eloti:  and  pap.r.  :\  gi-ai  deal  of  wi'ol  is  alio 
exjioitcd  trom  hence,  llei-  is  ilu  piincip.d  mint  ol 
.Spain,  a  iMV  il  pilaic,  wiihaii  univeilitv  and  a  bi- 
lliop; ic.  'ihe  Roman  aiiuethict  here  is  a  ,n  ll  ama/.- 
ing  Idiric.  It  was  built  .ly  ilie  emperor  Trajan,  and 
toiililis  ot  two  rows  ot  lo  ly  .luh.e^,  cirried  trom  one 
mounl.iin  to  another,  ;ukI  ion\  \  w;U  r  .ill  over  the 
city.  Notwiihllaiiiling  itiKisltood  lo  luaiiy  n  nturii  s, 
it  IliH  n  tains  its  lliengih  ;uiil  1  i.iuiy;  logre.ii  were  the 
art  .mil  (kill  01  the  Rom, ins  in  I'Uild.ng,  buond  what 
the  lollowing  ages  could  boall  ol,  '1  he  ro.yal  p.ll.icc  is 
niuuiucd  with  taniion,  and  lub  a^aiiiloii. 
No.  00. 


Ni-.\v-C.\ST!LE,  whkh  wa-)  f.irmcrly  a  kin;nlom,  has 
Olil-Callilo  on  the  north,  irom  which  it  is  ])ar:ed  by 
ridgci  ol  mountains;  Kllr:imadura  on  the  well;  An- 
dalulii  on  thefouth;  ;uul  V'.ileiicia  and  Arragon  oil 
the  eall.  It  is  aco  miies  long,  and,  in  thewidell  pl.ue, 
i()o  bro:;d,  well  watered,  feiiile,  and  h.is  :i  i-ond  air. 
The  inhaiiitaiit^  Ipe.ik  t!ie  purcfl  Sp.tr.ilh;  and  \.l:c 
provi;ice  collt;iins  tiie  loll.iwliu  places: 

M.idrid,  the  capital  of  the  wiiole  monirc'iy  of  Sj^-.in, 
and  the  relidence  <  f  the  court,  llantls  in  ilie  center  ol 
a  large  plain,  liirrounded  with  mount. i.n-.,  and  in  th.c 
very  heart  o!'  S,\ii:i,  on  th.c  bank^  of  the  little  river 
Man/an  ires,  which  is  alw•ay^  verv  f.v  And  lliallow, 
except  when  il  is  Iwelled  b\  t'ne  meltii.g  of  tlic  (now 
on  the  mount, litis.  The  llrcets  lure  are  wide,  llrait, 
and  h.anilfome, and  adorned  widi  liA\ia'  line  lountatns; 
t!ie  houfes  lot'tv,  but  built  of  brick,  wiili  lattice  win- 
dows, excepting  tholi;  ot'  the  rich,  •'. I;o  have  gkifs  ia 
iheir  winilows;  on!\  diirinu  the  lummer  heats  ihe_\'  iifo 
gauze,  or  lome  Inch  thin  lUili',  inile.id  of  it,  to  let  ia 
the  irelli  air.  T'lerc  are  u.o  ikuciy  biidgcs  h.re  over 
the  .M.ui/..inar,  s,  fevcral  beautiful  lquai\^,  iii,i.v  ma,i,- 
nilicent   ihurchi-,    C'■il\.llt^,     P'.il.iees, 


.'\mong  ilie  l.'il!  i-  one  tor  all 


a:i>l   liol[.iials. 


dift 


mpers. 


wiih  a  large  1.  venue.  Around  the  pl.iea-ma',  or,  or 
grand  Iquaie,  aic  i>i,..//,as,  with  houL.-  a'.l  utulorm,  and 
a  contiiuud  line  ol  baiionics,  for  viewing  the  buU- 
fijht'-,  ;uk1  other  public  Ihews  exhibiicd  in  il.  The 
roy;il  p:il;ice  wlii^h  ll.;nds  on  tl;e  weft  lidcel  theto\,n, 
oil  an  eminence,  is  fpaciou^  and  nvagiiirKiiu,  conlill- 
ing  of  t'l  r.c  courts,  and  comm.indir.!^  a  fine  proijeei. 
T'  e  ccmp.als  of  tl-.e  wh  ile  town  i-  con^puted  at  about 
nine  niiles,  an  I  t!ic  nieubif  o'  li-  inha';ita:us  at  ab  uC 
I  ,-',.'-; '..o.  it  is  \..\ll  fiippli  il  wiili  ].;ov;li.in5  of  ail 
kiiul  ;it  re:ifon:iblc  r;'.teb-,  and  tiic  court,  with  tli.'  re- 
fort  and  relidinco  otihe  quality,  and  the  Ir.ih  lol'.'.V-S 
and  otiins  that  .ne  kejit  l;e:e,  occalion  a  briik  ir.uio 
;inil  ciicul.iiion  it  mom  v.  'I'ii-ie  ate  three  roval 
ac.ulim'es  f.eic;  one  t.'r  f'e  imptov^ir.eiii  of  ti  o 
.S]\i:j(h  l.mgu;;;'. ,  .uutlier  for  hiliorv ,  and  another  1.  r 
mi.li  me. 


We 


,;.ve  I;,  en 


OU!\ 


th  ire  fj'l  ■■.'.i';r:  remuk. 


be  a  I,  ;ic;p.  :'.ii.:i;  who  iii.'.i.!e  th.-  iv  i;r  ot  Si"..,i:  w;i;.;:i 
tliel"    tw.)  ■.  e;vs. 

Madiid  i.  built  up 'iia  li'-iJ.v  f  il.  Tc.e  dull  f!'-es  la 
fiich  cloud' ,  lb.  11,  un:il  I'oinc  Irier.dly  11; owers  f.-.il,  tra- 
velers, inii.ii.-  ;-.iriVil,  are  alf.ioll  tmothered  with 
dui't,  ainl  i;ui  haiiiiy  '■.■e  to  iiiriip_.u;th  tluir  hort'es. 
Throiiuh  a  1.  ;ig  Iraciou-.  llre.t,  j^  11  ;-ots  and  ir.oniJ.es 
.leio  be  'III  .It  ..Imoii  eveiv  window,  '1  he  ri;itl,ing; 
III  bell-,  ih.'  UMi.inK'  \ane.y  ot  iLepks  ar,dfp..te., 
hollies  1".  veil  or  i  i  i:t  doiic  hig'i,  .r.ul  the  ber.'.ui'ul 
gate  calletl  Al.  .d.;,  :  i\  .-.n  ,.r,  •■  d.gniiy  an..l  coi.ie- 
qurnce  to  die  e:\iiaii'  e  ml  1  Ma.'.i'd. 

Thceiuiroii:  ot  ilc  i.ipu.tl  ;iie  \ei  v  ,  Icafam,  :mil 
I  oi.iain  Icver.'l  roval  'ea;  ,  amo;:;.,  wi.iehare  the  lol- 
low  '11.;  : 

h'.ver  tiiuc  the  kings  of  Sp.'.in  li.ivc  d  fertal  Ik;en- 
iviiuii,  th.  hollies  \\.\w  be.  n  uiil  n  ', !o  dee  '.v,  i!v  ;pr'ii;;j 
diiid  up,  the  lounl. litis  ih  laked  v.ih  m:  lafii,  .uiil  11. •- 
thing  grows  in  ihegaid.  .1. .  1  !u  gio:to  ,  eiump-.',  and 
aibours,  are  all  dediov.  d.  One  iiaiu.  is  icm, lining, 
which  is  thai  ol  i'iiilip  II.  .i.liuii  il?iy  c\.  i  iilcd;  tli  .iigli 
it  iLrves  only  to  p.ipelu.iie  th'-  memoiv  ot  a  ileletlabli; 
tv  lant. 

'I'he  pal.ice  oi  l''K)iidi  is  enliven,  d  bv  the  paintings 
of  |o:iK- emiiK  lit  ni;iiKi  .  Th.  id.iice  i^  railier  heav/ 
and  lonlmel.  'Ihe  -.uikii  .;;  l.ud.  cu:  m  the  loim 
ot  an  amphiilie.nre,  ,iiid  cnii;  .d  by  the  1,'iip'  ct' 
the  river  \1 111/  ma;..;,  a;i.|  the  hill-..  th;ll  nf.  !:i  e!;  lieii 
"ver  the  grounds,  round  M.idiid.  llorai  1  1  i.m.uk. 
able  lor  ilsc;ite;ldes,  loiniid  In  tic  fp.'ili  '  •  .u'l  m.llCil 
fnows  tli.il  llowtium  moun;,uiis.  The  ;r!-  i-.r.-  i-  i  old 
and  pier.  me,.  Iruits  do  iioi  np-.n;  lo'i  .  :;i  ■  w  tliout 
odour;  ihe  tlee^  .lU  I'uiiuil;  pu.L.  an  I  cainatioiu 
Ic.ircily  blow,  or  come  to  :uiv'  >.■  lour,  tvcii  '.o  l.ec  .i» 


■rxi 


the  ilolc  ot' Au^utl.     The  f.nd 


til  till   palac-  a'o 


iiucultivatcd,  yet  llie_,  au  in  In  1  li-.^ii,  I'.nsI,  lo  bee  .00 
JO  N'  '  Kiule, 


mi   i 


m 


m 


k\ 


j  4 


hi. 


t, 


M 


Wi  ^'  m  I       I 


8-S        A  NF.W,  ROYAT.  and  AUTlTF.NTtC  SYSTEM  or  UNIVERSAL  GF.OGRAriTV. 


I'cnil 


oi  iivK.ltiv 


w.iiit  on 
111 


!)•  I'lK  pluiglilliirc,  guiili-d  by  i!k'  li; 


'lliouj^li  tlic  kiiij',  is  ii'i-.t!  oi'luiinirf!;.   lie  li'Ulom  livs 


at  r.iiV 


icli- :ip:iri;n.  Ills,  iliiit  uiir  rcix' 


111 


liintix  toroniurpri:nc-S'i!'f'i'i«'(.-iir,vutc.limo:i'.li:ii' 


ul  v:\\- 
L-l. 


Tlic  yivk  and 


CXI  rut. 


mtiil; 


WlKlC   llK' 


nkns  ot'  ilic   Kluui.l  nic  cA  ]n\- 

llllH'l, 

1  ofl"'~piin;.';  of  Span 


'.I-  paiillicon  is:ilnl'tcir:iiK'oii- 


un<is.  uiicMis  anil  r.'\.i 


aiv  ml  on 


tnuia 


iiy. 


til.     Rv  I  he  linlit  ot  a  lani| 


1,  thai  Inirns  ton- 


am 


1     hl.uklT.S 


tomh^  aniUialio-relii' 
i    .ilKnviil  to  iTioi'U!-, 
This   c. 


cvry  ihing,  may 


be 


ken  ihe 


No  iH-n'on  ot  oiihn:'.ry  ri 


r  in  till-,  v.uil 


It  I' 


.11  r 


the  It 

lihp 


11. 


oi  10'  ally. 

W;iril^  ot  two  million'-  ami  an  halt  alone. 

The  villu;e,  wiicnce  the  Eli  uiial  lake?  its  name,  is 
called  L'.jaria!,  a  «oid  ckiivcd  trom  Eiccr':n,  (v^n\\\  in;.; 
"  Drols  oi  m. tal,"  becatife  torm.rlv  iron  mims  were 
wi.ait'ht  at  this  ph'.ec.  In  the  chnrehare  llveral  admir- 
ahl,  p.iintint;  .  The  water  ;)t  tlie  l-'.lViiria!  i  ell.  ,in;d  i  x- 
eellent.  It  has  nvithei  tallc  orliiull,  i>  lo't  an.!  limpid, 
q'li.  kl\  liot  aiul  told  ai'iin.  T';e  nv. at  and  ve|;a:'.'>K- 
billed  in  it  are  to  n  I  tt-ti.d;  n:id  t'.ie  !i.".en  w.illietl 
in  it  ai  i;vi  re-  a  betur  o  I>'ur. 

1;'.  ilu-Calidi  Canipj  i:  an  ei;ti  lllan  tluiie  at' Plii- 
lip  1\'.  iin:J>  ailmired.  A  I'ionoiis  tr.c  is  jireierved 
here.  Never  was  on,-  m  Te  beaiiitiil,  or  that  termed 
a  richer  or  more  exi  n:i\e  lliade.  It  is  alleiukd  h\  a 
llairea:l-  ar.d  nuith  rclorted  to  i->\  i!-.c  voutli  ot  both 
llx.-cn  h'liday. 

T'le  p.il  :cc  oi  Saili.ela  n;ij'l-.t  1-crtndird  ;mi  en- 
chanting Ipot ;  I'vit  the  piik,  <v'.iden-,  and  I  tiildinos 
are  I'lll'.i  ,d  to  mn  to  diea'' .  The  eai;le  all';  and  r, 
tiie  p. a  0  1-  Uippo|(.-d  t  '  'x-  haunt  d. 

La  (Iranoe,  otherwile  lailed  St.  Mi  l]honfus,  coti 
Philip  1\'.  immcnleli-it'.is  in  liuiMing  ar.d  beamitx  ing  ; 
but  is  no'A  tallin'jio  deeav.  Kxeclk'nt  knivc- .'.ml  ra/.oi  ■ 
may  be  IirI  licre.  Fine  lookin.i-ij^lalli'*  are  made  ailo 
in  this  plai  e.  The  manufacture  was  e<lal'li(lied  by  an 
Iriflim.in,  wlv  iiiwnt.d  a  maehine  to  pclilli  4S[)litcs 
to'-iether.  He  via- impriloned  I'ome  yiais,  iiille  id  oi 
I  eiii;^  ie.'ardi.d  |.  riii-  ini;en..iiy. 

The  ilimaie  i>!  Madiid  is  one  ot  the  fin  tt  in    ih. 


people 
s,   and 

I 


WiMid.  In  aliivll  eveiv  month  ct  the  vear  il.c 
niav  eat  llian  berr^t  ,  lit  iind,  r  verdant  Ihade 
paiher  role  .  Somct. r.u  s,  imie  d.  there  are  (harp  non 
wind.s,  that  chill  the  :'.ii-,  Itrip  liie  tree--  of  their  toli.-.r.-, 
lea;  111  the  llowirs,  and  bloA  i!  I'.v  n  the  Innis;  but,  i.i 
retu'n,  th' 'e  wind-  br  a!,  .a-.d  dilperle  tiic  •.  l.,;ids,  J  .;r 
lip  till  liL.,/-:!,  bii;j,h:en  tliedav,  and  r.d  aiMe  the 
Ipkndor  ot  I'.i-  ''in.  Nothing  lurpai;;  >  the  bcaut\ 
ot  the  nijit  at  M.  lr:J.  The  tweet. I:  tl  )wei .  dil'iile 
th  ir  liagran.i.  '1  he  whole  atmolpi.ei,  i-  p,.iia:iie,.. 
In  all  the  lei'iaies  u;ider  iverv  liaUony,  a.,  iitu'iu^r, 
and  pliMnu  on  t'le  <;vittar  or  lluce. 


The    l)eauties    i|     protpti't,    and 


III  1    '.b 


'fill 


conflitutc  the  wliole  met  it  of  Araniue/.  H.rr  i-  a 
finellatue  ot'Ve:  ,s.  The  attitude,  antniarcd  h-ik',  and 
beautitol  form,  I  ear  the  ihnii.ell  releirdilan;  .■  to  lit.-. 

'I'l.ledo,  on  t^.e  Tagiis,  ;,6  mib-s  fuuih  oT  M.uhui. 
is  an  ;'n  i.'nt,  liri;  ■,  well  fnriiiied  city.  The  alc;,x'  r,  ■  r 
ro'. al  pilaie,  1  ui;t  by  Cha;le5  V.  i-  lituated  on  a  Itccp 
hill  near  v.o  intab'  \e  the  lagus,  andei>inmand-  a  Mry 
fine  prolj.cft  over  the  eity  ami  all  round  i;;e  i  oiiiitrv .  A 
iiianulactorv  uf  Iword-blailes  is  carried  on  here  on  the 
kinti,''-  account  only,  in  which  .ill  the  Uv  id.  ha"i;er,and 
dagger  blades  for  the  army  are  made.  T'  !edo  i,  litiia- 
ted  111  a  ferene  air.  Tlu'  eluin  lies  I'lm-ni  ,  an  1 
holpitab  are  luimirou?.  The  biidges  aietln-e;  and 
lieie  are  a  e^uit  nt  impiiliiion,  anvl  an  ii;;!\i  rliiy. 
Ti-ledo  is  one  of  the  riihill  billmprics  in  Sp/ain. 

A!iala  de  Heinies  isatowium  thcrivti  HeiKia--,  be- 
longing to  iheaichbilliop  uf  Toleilo,  and  containing  an 
iiniviliiy,  in  the  ihurch  uf  whh  h  i  ardinal  Ximenes  lies 
intene.t.  Here  the  lull  I'olyglot  Bible  vv.is  1-.  gun,  com- 
pKaicil,  ami  jiriiiti-d  underilK  pationa^'.e  and  liirection, 
as  well  as  at  ihecjiar;-.',  ol  the  prelate  abovcm.  lUionnl. 

f  juad.ilaxai.i,  a  luwu  ya  tiiu  Heiurci,  liab  .i  manu- 
facture of  elotlj. 


Talavcr.T  la  Reyna,  a  handlomc  town  on  the  Tagus, 
ifed  to 


pa 


t  (>t  11 


)ftl 


le  vlnwrv  Ot  tlie  queens  ot  ^pain, 


whence  it  aciiuireil' the  cj>itlut  of  La   Rev  na.     llieic 
is  a  manutadure  ol  e.irtlKii-waiv  at  this  place. 

\'aii;n'tia,  which    was  ant  icntiv   conlidercil   n.^  a 
l.iilgdom,  ha-,  tothe  ioinh  amiead,  the  \Ldit.  ,:-'.ne: 


Ar 


lauon  ami  Catalonia  to  the  north;  and  M 


NewCallile  to  tl 


dl.     1 


111 
iircia 


iro.ld,    we 


t  IS  200  miles  lone,  Sd 


walciid,  li.ts  a  temperate  lerenc 


leniaikibly  fruittul,  and  contains  the  tollowing  place-- 


111 


\'.iKntia,    I  So   miles   louth    call 
d 


M 


v\':u 


I'Uiatcd.  on,  and  has  5  briilgcs  o\er,  the  liver  (jiia- 
d.dijiiiver.  li  is  a  larg.-,  pi  jmiIoms,  trading  citv,  at.cl 
h.i- a  port  within  two  miles  of  it.  It  is  th.e  lie  of  an 
aiehbilliop,  ami  cwntains  a  tribunal  or  inquilition,  a 
I  Aereign  court  of  iodic  ituiv,  an  tiniveiliiy,  and  a  wool- 
len manufactory.  .Mmoll  eviiy  h  ule  h.i- adeep -ic'l ; 
and  iiere  i^  a  giand  lonuiion  I'e^vi-r,  by  whi.h  the  lilili 
ol  everv  houle  is  carriul  oil' under  ground. 

Segorvc,or  Segorbe.an  anei.m  nntl  ]deal'intlv  fitua* 
ted  iilv,onth,-  banks  ol'tli.'  Mu'Vicdro,  gives  liie 
title  of  duke,  and  is  the  1'i.t  ot  a  billiop,  lutli:',gaii  to 
iC  an  hbilliop  o;  Wilnuia. 

Alicant,  a  famous  ijiy  and  le.i-port  on  the  M.'diter- 

ranein,   lia^  a   lomniodioiis   harbour,   from  wh.encc  a 

great  quantitv  ot  deli,  ions  lruli%  with  excellent  red  ami 

white  wine,  loa]i,  and  anile,  is  exjiorted.     Ii  has  alfo, 

or  II-  di-iencc,  llrong  wails,  b.'.llioii'-,  a.ndai  I'i'e. 

Dcnia  has  a  convenient  harbiMir,  witli  a  ciUc  and 
vv.itch-towir.     It  '-  alii)  well  t  >riilied. 

L  I  .M:ita  contain'  a  conlideiMblc  tidt-work. 

Morviedr  )  i'  a  I'niall  town,  I'tuatcd  on  the  I  une  fpnt 
where  the  I'licicnt  Sa;;uniiini  llo' it.  The  rem.iiiis  o. 
a  Roman  ami/!-.:theaire  ate  llili  to  le  (^cn  here. 

Anpaicsia  comprises  t!:c  three  ancient  cl'llrirls  of 
Seville,  Cordova,  and  jacn.  It  is  bounded  bv  |'',flrc- 
iiKuluraand  NewCallile  on  titer,. inh;  ly  li'e  ^Iditcr- 


ranean  Sea,  and  Straits  of  ( lib 


'.I,  on  t' 


bv 


Poitugai  on  the  will;  and  bv  Cliana  !i  ,'.i,>:  Murcii  o;) 


tl'.e  I  a 


it  is  240  miles  1  iif: 
pulous,  opuK  nt,  and 


1  V^   I'l'  '■■d,    wdl  vv.- 
i.ral,    populous,  opui-nt,  ami  I'.iti'e;  I'lir  the  heat  in 
I  lummcr  is  extcllivr.     That  part  called  the  kin-^doni  of 
I  Seville  lontains  the  fill. owing  places: 
I       Sevi'.k,  the  (.apital,  (uuit-.il  i>n  tlie  river  fiiiad  tl,]i:i- 
vc/,   ..00  miles  touth-'-v  .-'.i  trom  Madrid,  was  .'nci..uly 
the  eap.ual  of  H(vtia  ;  and  trom  I'll  in  Cal.ir,  w  ivi  beui- 
'  tili.d  -lid   eii'ar.:e(|  it,   w.'.s  cail.d  jnlia   R-miila;   imr 
I  It;    Icqnent  totlii.it  w;is  the  relid.  iice  o:  feveral  d'otliic 
I  :ind    Piloi.'iilh   kings.     Tlieie  is  a  brid-^c  of  br)ais  Iutc 
j     v.r  th -rivcrCiuaitalcpiivcr,  wlii.h  is  n;i\  ig.ibleior  lar;;c 
veli'eK  .10  Hiiles  tioin  its  m  ai'.h.     The  compif's  01  ih.e 
I  I  uv  Wall-  I-  ci  dit  niilc",  ;ir.d  til-  niinibir  "I  its  inln'.u- 
tints    i    voicjiiited    at   a' out    1 2    ,'-;o.      It  ('ontui'.    i 
\  gr- al   nun^bcr   ot   c.mveni-,    liuirches,    tquares,  hi)l- 
j  pitab-,  atiiint,  ;in  exchangt ,  a ciillom-hoiile,  an  uni- 
1  vriif,    and   a  i:ithedral,    the   lugcll   and    tinell    in 
.'spun.     Th.-   a;-  hiJidiop    has   a    \e'v    large    income. 
I  lerc  ;ire  many  t'e.  ufir  and  eccleti  ilVical   murts,  par- 
tii  iilarh  a  C'-ui't  it  inquilition.     This  citv  can  ies  on  .i 
!'re  it  trade,  and  his  various  mantita.'toric.     Along  the 
tiverarc  ;!  ijre.it  iiiaiiv  eommoclioiis  ijuays;  near  whi'.li 
is  alto  atlatciv  tower,  called  the  flolden  Tower, which 
entirely  command'- therivcr,  uf,   ;iiid  luluirbs.    Tin; 
court  t'or  the  itgu! '.tion  of  ever  thing  lefiiin;',  t')tlc 
WMl-lmha  ir.ide  and  comp.'.ny  1^  h.ld  !;.r..     The  .id- 
iacent  country  is  very  fruittul  and  ple.i'.iiit,  and  par- 
licul.iiiy  iMicd  lor  Ime  oran-aes.     The  lir-.itell    incon- 
venience to  whi.  h  the  city  iicxpoled  is  the  osi  rliovviiti', 
ol  tile  river,  which  ("oineiinie-  m,!k--s  die '.il;i;l  h.iyocl-.. 
The;e  is  a  .M  uritli  aquedu'i    m  liie  neudibouihoo'l 
worth  til  iiig. 

Caili/.  OIK  ol  the  moll  ancicni  and  c  kbraiid  ciiics 
in  Spain,  lands  on  an  illiml,  wliiih  is  leparaied  tinni 
till  continent  by  a  n.irio-A  i.iiial  or  :irm  of  tl.e  l,':i,  over 
uhicli  there  Is  a  bii-:ge,  well  torlilied,  on  tin-  Atlantic 
(Jcean,  being  abjtii   300    niiks   to  the  luuih-well  of 

Madrid 


U 


from  ' 

tilabll 
againl 
and  I'e 
iin  ler 
and  d 
It  1 
Com; 
w  o;il 

\.li; 

niv 
(  ir< 
i  ro  1 
Oce 

111, 
(hli: 
I! 

tiicii 
\  I 

11':' 


tlOi 

.l^ey 
wh.it 
meil 
on ; 
ab. 
the  I 

I 
toj) . 
may 
and 
(ide 

l\ 
Ron 
tiqil 

S. 
bom 
bele 
Sp;u 

and 
!• 


[■.OGRAPITY. 

)mc  town  on  tlic  Tagus, 
ot  tlic  queen'-  of  Spain, 
ot  La   l\.i'\  na.     I'licii; 
V  at  this  pkuc. 


iciitlv  conlukrcti  ns  a 
rid,  the  NLilit.  .-nnriii 
I  liu'  north;  uul  Mun  ia 
li  is  200  miles  long,  So 
i|K'iatc  I'ercnL'  p.ir,  a  !'')■! 
ins  the  'iiil!i)\vini^  [■"lace- : 

eall  troin  MaMvi'l,  is 
s  over,  the  ri\cr  Ciiia- 
Miioib,  ir.-'.dini;  cite,  ai.d 
it.  It  is  ti'.c  lee  of  an 
ilnmal  or  inquilition,  a 
n  univer(iiy,an(l  a  wciol- 
ly  h  ii!e  h,i>  a  ileepi.vc'l ; 
ewrr.  Iiy  wh.i.h  ili,  lihh 
ni'er  [TroiHul. 
i.nt  anil  I'leal'antlv  (irn-;- 
1.-  Ml" VK\!ro,  oivcs  ilie 
ot  a  I'llliop,  Uitlr.'.'.;an  to 


>l 


lea- port  on  the  M  ■(liter- 
harbour,   Iroin  wl'.ence  a 
il%  witli  cxrvl'c'it  reJ  ;\nd 
is  exjiortei!.      li   h;i';  alio, 
'i,i|}ions,  and  a  <  I't'e. 
arb;'ur.  witli  a  ciile   and 
r>riilicd. 
eraole  hdt-n'irk. 
,  I'ti:  ucd  on  the  I  une  I'pot 
1  llo'  aI.     Tiie  rein.iini  Oi 
till  to  I  e  r^en  h.ere. 

:c  three  nneienf  d'ilrii^^  of 
it  \'-  b  niiided  bv  {•'.flre- 

hcnorih;  by  li-e  ^blitcr- 
iibr..h;r,  cn\l,  '"v;'!;;  by 
>v  C  iiana  ',1  .uni  Murei.i  on 

w:,,  I  V^  '^''  '-'-'l'  ^^''■11  ^^"-* 
uhI  e. rti'e;  bur  tite  heat  in 
part  r  il!ei.l  ihe  kiiiij^dom  o\ 
[\  |)|  lees : 

.'I  e!i  the  river  fiuad  dqiii- 
oiii  Ml. hid,  was  ;inei.',itly 
v:u  I'lhu  C'al  ir,  u  e.o  he ni- 
laiLd  jiilia  R  -niuia  ;  imr 
•  relideiite  o:  feveral  ( iothic 
e  is  a  lirid;^c  ot  br).',ts  here 
wl'.i,  h  is  na\  i^ablelor  lariifi 
uitli.  The  tompils  01  liic 
I  ill.-  number  ot  its  inh  I'.n- 
it  I  2:  ','':;o.  It  (■<vir  ii:'s  i 
,  iiuirelie<;,  luuares,  hol- 
1,  a  eu!lon>-lioule,  an  uni- 
the  lary,eit  and  tineli  in 
las  a  ve'v  !ar[:;e  income. 
i  eeclcli  irtical  lourts,  par- 
on.  This  citv  cariies  on  a 
niaiiufaJlorie'.  Along  the 
uodiotis  ijiiays;  nearuhieli 
1  tin.'  flolden  Tower,  wliieli 
r,  cif,  and  luburhs.  The 
ever  tli'n;.:f  relaliii:',  1 0  il  e 
Liny  Is  h.ld  h.  le.  Tl'.e  .ul- 
tful  and  jije.i'.uu,  and  jiar- 
v.;es.  The  lireatell  ineon- 
-.expoltd  is  the  Dverllowi!'.!', 
■,c-  ni.ik.'S  direuliiil  liavock. 
iiiei    Ml  the  nei^diboutliood 

ineienr  and  C'  lcbrai(d  cities 
ill,  wiiiih  is  repaiated  troni 
anal  or  arm  of  the  l-a,  over 
■II  t'Mlilied,  on  tiie  Atlantic 
r,iiL»  to  tile  fouth-well  of 
Madrid 


EUROPE.]  S        P 

Madrid,  80  fr  ^m  Seville  to  the  roiith-wclT;,  ami  5S  fromi 
(iibia'iar.  The  iflanil  is  ab nit  1  ()  or  17  miles  loiijf 
and  ii.lv)ut  6  in  breadth,  proihieing  liitlc  L;iain,  but 
fiiiien  Kul  wine  and  pallurc.  The  c;t\  is  tori  !(ied  a'ler 
the  iiv)d.rn  ininn.T,  and  its  fpaeii'us  h:'.rbou;-  and  bay 
ar.  detendedi  iiy  leveral  forts.  Tiie  number  of'inhibi- 
tants  is  eaiii)iited  at  40,000.  It  is  the  lee  of  a  b:;h  op, 
lutVragm  to  the  arehbilliop  of  Seville.  Many  of  the 
llollle^  arc  ll.iieU  ;  and  a  tew  oi  the  lire. ts  broa.!,  llrait, 
anil  well  pa»-:d.  Pioviii  -n-  an. I  houl'e-rent  are  rather 
clear.  A  gre.it  deal  o.  lah  i'  m.ile  in,  andlilh  eau.;ht 
about,  die  ill.md.  I'hi-  citv  is  the  center  of  the  Spa- 
nilli  Anienean  nimnuree;  all  tl-.ei^oodslrom  1 1  ill.md, 
I'.ngland,  lialv,  Iruve,  and  Spain,  beni-;  Ihipp 'd  off 
from  henee  in  >Spanilh  boitoms,  and  uiul.-r  the  na.ne 
(if  Sp.milh  f.vCtors.  What  are  call  d  th.-  Pillars  of 
Hercules  are  only  t^.vo  inconfulerable  round  towers. 
Here  are  a  Spinilh  th-'atie,  which  is  but  meat-;  a 
l-"rencli  theatre,  whiJi  is  more  elegant;  and  a  ile- 
C- nt  opera  liouie.  When  the  draiiiatie  diverlions 
C'l'ichiJe,  which  is  ul'ually  about  h;dl'  pall  eleven,  it 
is  ciidomary  to  walk  in  theAlamedi,  oi-  Mall,  till 
iiiidiiiglit.  The  royal  .)bieivatory  is  well  lujiplied 
viih  philolophieal  and  mathematical  inllniments. 
Cadi/,  is  ditiuult  to  approach  on  aceouui  of  r-'Ck;  and 
(amis.  In  its  vicinitv  IS  a  fmall  itland,  now  called  Si. 
Pedro,  bu;  ancienilv  1-Iercu!ciim,  Ir-^m  the  t'am.ius  tem- 
ple ot   Mercule-  whieli  it  conlaitied. 

The  I  elcbrated  town  and  h)rtref^  of  Ciibraltar  was 
taken  imm  the  Spaniards  by  a  combined  lleet  ot' F.ng- 
iilli  a;u!  Duieh  lliip.,  umler  Sir  (.i-jorge  K.e'oke,  in 
1704;  and,  att^r  r.ianv  (luitlel's  attempts  to  recover  it, 
conlirme  1  to  th.^  Iviglilli  by  the  trcaiy  of  LJtreehr,  in 
171  ;.  Ri  peated  attempts  have  b.^en  made  to  take  it 
from  I'.ngland,  but  uithou;  fuccel's.  The  lall  war 
tlVablllhcd  its  tame,  when  it  fullain.d  a  long  fi.ge 
againll  the  united  lorces  of  Spain  and  France,  by  land 
and  lea,  and  was  g.iUanily  defended  by  its  garrilbn, 
under  the  command  of  general  Elliot,  to  the  great  lof. 
and  ihlgiacc  ot  the  ali'ailants. 

It  isa  comtnodioii.  pon,  and  natiirallv  formed  for 
Commanding  th..'  paliage  ol  tli.^  lb  ails;  or,  in  "ther 
woiib,  liic  entrance  into  the  Mediterranean  and  L.'- 
vani  le.is.  But  the  road  is  n.  ither  fafe  againll  an  ene- 
my or  llorms.  (iibraltar  Hay  is  about  20  leagues  in 
ciri  umfe:ene  ■.  The  (Ir.iits  arc  24  miles  hnig  and  1; 
I  roid,  thiough  v.hii  h  a  current  runs  tioni  th.i  Atlantic 
Ocean  into  liie  Mediterranean.  'I'lie  town  was  never 
large  or  beautiful,  and,  in  the  lall  liege,  was  nearly 
dellroved  bv  the  enemies  bomb-;  but,  on  iiccaiiii  of 
its  ton iti'.Mt ions,  is  elK^nud  the  kev  ol  Sp.un,  and 
theicfiiie  always  turnillied  with  a  ganil'on,  wi.li  pio- 
vuleil  tor  its  del  nee.  Tlie  harbour  is  t-irmed  by  a 
mole,  which  is  planted  with  guns,  (iibrahar .  an  i-nly 
lie  .i()pioaclied  b\  a  very  nano.v  pall'.u'.e,  between  tin; 
inouniam  and  the  lea,  acrof  which  the  Spaniatd-  have 
drawn  a  line,  and  toriilied  it,  ti)  prevent  the  garrilon 
from  havii.g  any  communicati'in  with  the  country.  As 
they  are  thus  cooped  up  they  have  no  provili.ins  but 
what  are  brought  lioin  England  and  IJarbary.  I'or- 
nierly  this  place  was  under  military  gc)vernment;  but, 
on  account  ul'iliveis  abufjs,  has  lincei'een  erected  iiiio 
a  body  lorp  rate,  aiiil  the  civil  power  i-  now  f  nlged  in 
the  magiilr'.t^a. 

Thole  who  have  coura^ie  eaoucrli  to  climb  to  the 
topof  the  roek,  will  find  a  plain  trom  whence  they 
iiiay  have  a  proipecl  ol  the  tea  on  ea.  h  fide  the  llrait, 
and  tl  e  kingdom^  of  Rarbarv,  l'"cz  and  Moroccvi;  le- 
fides  Seville  .iiul  Gran.ula  in  S-p,iiii, 

AU.uitara,  between  S.  ville  and  St.  Lucar,  lias  a  line 
Roman  biiilge  over  the  moralles,  which  is  a  great  an- 
tiipie  I  iiiiolity. 

San  Lucar  de  Barameda  isahaniirmictown  and  har- 
bour at  the  mouth  of  the  river  (iuailali;uiver,  4,  mile 
below  Seville.     It   has  been  upon  the  decline  lin.e  the 
Sp.'.nilli  Well-India  lleets  weie  allowed  to  let  oui  tiom 
and  reiiim  to  Cadi/..     Its  piincipal  trade  is  in  l.ilt. 
Pott  St.  Mary's,  at  llie  mouth  ol  llic  liver  Guadelete, 


I 


N. 


r 


79 


is  walled  round,  has  a  fiTliil  call!-,  a  g) od  lee.bour, 
and  makes  and  cxp  irf- great  i|ua;i;iii'.s  of  fdt. 

Palos  is  a  little  town,  with  a  tolerable  li  til)  nir,  at 
the  mouth  of  th  ■  Trin  1,  fr  )m  when  e  C  ;'  'p''-"" 
Columbus,  in  the  year  i.y.)Z,  litt  out  on  the  lii  '.  ivery 
oi    America. 

Xeies  de  la  P'rontcra  is  a  large  town  on  the  little  riv  tr 
fiuadalett  1 ;  near  whiih  was  fought,  in  the  year  7  14, 
the  famous  battle  between  the  G  iths  and  M  ) ors,  that 
oc!  a!i  ined  the  fils  of  Spain  to  the  lorrner. 

The  lecond  diiliicl:,  an  tieiiily  rall.d  th.'  kingd  ini 
ol  Cord  )va,  contains  onlv  the  loll  I'.viii?  pi  \ce  oi  note  : 
Cordova,  anciently  an  opulent  Rom  ui  colony,  litii- 
ated  on  the  river  (iuadalqtiiver,  is  celebrated  lor  being 
the  birth-plaee  of  the  poet  Lucan,  the  two  famed  Se- 
necas,  Averroes,  and  the  learned  phvfieian  i  leluis. 
The  I  ity  has  a  conii  lerable  trad'.-,  pariieulaily  in  lilk., 
wnol,  and  gilt  leather.  Tiic  llone  walls  are  flrong  and 
l')try,  the  luburbs  extenlive,  and  tlu  etwiiuns  tiuitl'ul 
and  plealimt.  Cordova  is  the  gr^aieit  market  for  h.orlei 
in  all  S|.a:n. 

Ill  the  ilillrict  of  Jtien,  the  only  plaecs  worth  men- 
tioning are 

Jaeii,  the  cajiital,  luppofed  to  be  tiie  (.iicnnium,  or 
Gietiiia,  ol  tiie  Romans,  and  (lands  in  a  rich  foil,  and 
wholefonie  :iir.  It  is  the  lee  ot'  a  billiop,  iUOVagan  t> 
Toledo;  and  contains  maiiy  coiiv.'nts,  cluus  h' s,  and 
hoipit.ils,  fomeuf  w'lieli  are  very  tine,  atid  is  d  fenileJ 
l^y  a  c:UUe.  St.  Veronica  is  the  great  object  of  devo- 
tion here. 

Ub.ih,  the  L'bea,  or  Vetala,  of  the  R  imaiis,  ha; 
a  callle  and  walls,  Hands  in  a  frutt.ul  c.nitiiry,  uiii  en- 
joys  lomc  particular  privileg.  s. 

B.ie/ 1,  anciently  X'ati.i,  B  .ith'.i,  and  Beatia,  a. 
confiderable  ciry,  three  mile,  from  ilu  river  Gua  'al- 
quiver,  is  noted  for  dving  th.j  tinelf  fcarlet,  maki;.  t 
the  riclKR  tatlatas,  and  f.a-.  an  unlyerrit\',  founded  i:i 

MuRciA,  which  was  anrientl /  a  kingdom,  has  Xe'.v 
Calli!.'  on  th'.  north,  Aiulilutia  on  the  well.  Val.ntia 
en  the  norih-eall,  (ir.tn.ida  on  tlie  fouth-well,  and  the 
.Mediterr.mean  on  th..  1  null.  It  is  :o)  rniles  I  )n;i,  i)o 
broad  where  widell,  well  w.itered,  tuleiably  fertile,  and 
contiins  the  tollo'vving  p'aee-  : 

Muriia,  Irom  which  'li.^  |irovince  takes  its  name,  is 
limited  in  tl  I'pacious  and  delightful  plain,  on  th  ■  river 
S.gnra.  Tiii^  city  is  larg^aiul  populous,  liavin  ■,  many 
convents,  churches,  lijiiarcs,  and  gites,  with  a  good 
wall,  .1  louit  ot  inijuiliti'  n,  a  llaiels  pal.ice,  and  a 
callle.  T!ie  tidjaeent  coiiiui v  abounds  in  muhvrry- 
ue.  ~,  ole^e-,  lugar-eanes,  tin.l  line  f.u'is.  Tite  i  ty 
hath  olteii  .ulV.red  bv  the  inund.ititns  if  the  Segur.i. 

Carih,ig,na,  a  iioteil  lea  port  on  the  Metliunaneui, 
was  built  by  Aldrub.il,  tlu  Carth.^gini;.n  general,  and 
calL'ii  C.irtiitigo-N-  V.I,  or  New-Ci.tha  ,e.  'i"he  air 
here  is  ti  mperate  in  fuirmer,  attil  retitark.ibly  r.itld  in 
winter.  I'nderthe  Roiiian>  and  C  triiiatiintans  tins 
was  one  o!  ihe  moll  fl'niiilhing  cities  in  ah  Spain;  lor 
trom  hence  iliei  Ihipped  oli  thole  ve.lt  ipuantitics  of 
g'dd  ami  lilver  whi.li  they  dug  in  the  Pyrenees  and 
other  iiiotinttiins.  I!,,ih  i  ity  arnl  haibour  are  well  for- 
tified. The  i.iy  on  win  !i  it  llands  abounds  in  iilli, 
elpeciallv  mtickarel-,  and  tlie  neighbouring  country 
allords  di.imonib,  ruli  s,  a'liaihylb,  garnets,  a';ate-, 
and  mines  if  alluiii.  The  eit\  is  pn  ity  large,  tin!  iis 
harbour  one  o>  the  bdl  in  Spain.  Tiie  biiliop  is  tul- 
Iragan  !•>  tle.^  atvhbilhop  of  Toleihi. 

Aim. ii  ,1:011,  tl  liiile  fea-p.'ri  at  the  mouth  of  ilie  li- 
ver (iuad.ilaniiii,  |s  ceLbrated  tor  the  miiKS  ol  allttni 
in  its  neiglibouih  1:  d. 

(iRAN.\iiA,  which  is  fomctim  s  cil'ed  I'ppf'  Ati- 
d.il'jlia,  IS  b'.Hinded  on  the  limih  atid  i  .ill  by  the  Medi- 
lerranetm;  on  the  well  aiid  north  by  L'uei  Atidalulia; 
.ind  on  the  north-call  bv  Mu a  i.i.  lis  e.sicnt,  Irotu 
Will  to  eall,  is  i\o  miles;  but  hs  ;:re.iiell  breadtii  ex- 
ceedb  not  iSo.     The  air  litre  'n  temperate  and  luahlu  ; 

uiid 


!i 


I  ll 


5;iS 


J!^\>. 


A  \r.\V,  UOVAI.  ANo  AUTHENTIC  SYSTF.M  or  UNIVERSAL  ( iFOr;?s.Ari  fV. 


siul  llvu-'.ii  d'.'.Tc  ;itv  nr.\:)y  moum.-iiiT-  in  the  |M(iviiirc, 
aiul  lo: lie  ot' I  Ikiii  \M  \  liiL'h,  \M  lUc\  arc  alinolUvfrv 
\v1km\covcici1  nii'i  vint^  :\iul  luiit  Wxc-,  loj^ctlicr  wiili 
Kriri,-!,  myril-.',  i<A  et-b.ilil.  tiiViue,  l.ivtiulcr,  mr:<  ram, 
ail'!  oi'.K'i'  a:\ini:'.; iv.'  iicrbs,  which  <!,i\V'  an  cxinr.liu-  talli.' 
to  ihc  Hell)  oi  il'f'.r  ilu.-i)  anil  laiilc.  The  valhcs  are 
iM'ciuvK'  iH-'.utitul,  and  the  \v!io!i.'  is  w.U  wa'eie'.l. 
Thi^  u.  the  lail  it  the  Spaiiilli  kingdom^  iioli'  lUti  ll^ 
tile  Mi-oi's  not  biiii',;  rcvhieed  till  the  y.ai'  1411:.  Tlie 
jiiimi;\;l  ]  lansarc  ilie  tollowiii^  : 

(iraiMil',  th.-  eapital,  iiaiul--  in  the  midll  I't  aiVuil- 
tiil  ci  iiiiliv,  h.i,  a  line  air,  and  is  eapaeioiis  and  po]iu- 
Ion-;,  b'.  in;;  uni  oi  llie  lai<;i.ll  cities  in  Sj-am.     Ii  is  ot 
a  eiriu'ar  trmi;  and  the  liiowy  tops  ot   ih.e  Sierra  Ne- 
v.iiia  Miainiains,  \vhieli;u\  Icenat  i!ie  diilaiu  e  01  iliree 
lei;.Lii-N   L'leiilv  iliwrli'V  r.iid    add  beaiitv  li>  t'.u'  ver- 
tl'ire 'it  ihe  civeiimi.'.' e;U   liere.     (iian.uia    is  di\:d.tl 
ini'  tour  i.nKiiiers,arid  !\a-  tw  ive  sia'es.      It  1-  an  aiei- 
bilhopnc,  an  umveiliiv,  .aui  a  r.  val  liianterv.    Ii  lof- 
laiiis  :.;  :Mr:lh  e)nu\hvS,  !•)  i  onveiu--,  1  i  holpiials,  ..nd 
tour  c   '.1  ■■;.  s.     Thj  niarlih's,  uhi'.  h  are  dii;;  out  o.  lln 
t;uarri.s  'n  this  jirovince,  aic   ih.'  nvl'l    btau:i:iil   in 
Spain.     ']'heie  i-  one  \\r  i.i  :n  (iruv  hi  e  nliilinp,  <.n- 
ihJn  «  i' ih.op-,  wherein  niain'e.  Inu'.i',  t.-'  ae>  o  bo.\.  >. 
Iii'i-,  >;lo  t>,  ll'ile^  l'..r  cai-riuijs  l-.r.u  eii  ts,  lu;  khi.e^- 
;.:.d  otlicf  ;o\>,  aiC  e\po;.cl  10  lile.     The  loval  pah-  i 
oi't'-e  Ahi.'.ni'  ■■M    1    one  o!    ihe   in  I'l  niagni!iecil!  edi 
fiees  \^'i.ichi'  c  Mwi'.s  er.ctul  in  Spain,      ll  i-  litualcd 
en  a  b.i'l,  v^hiJi  is  a'.eeiid.d    bv  a  load,  bordered  with 
cdc,e-.  ot  I'jn.lle  cr  ■•.ni^'-ial  nv  r;ks,  aiul  r-  w-  01  e'.ins. 
In    (ir.ui.'iia   ;ir.-  b.:..ui.'.'  aili.;'.liv,  a  eirenhir  ainp'u- 
theaue  lor  bull  li.vii-,   a  c  am    v'.    iiiqu'liiion,   ,ui'!  a 
rov.d  ti;   una!.     Tr.L  I'l  k  ni'.ni.laciorv  is  ii'ilMi  ra''  le, 
."aiil  tiw-    ai'lcnal  ti:.:    b  ll    unnllieil  01    aiw    m  >pa.;\. 
AVithcii;t  b:^  V  av  i    :\  lar.'.e  pl.un,   eaied  Li  Vi^iade 
Grainda,  '..liKii  1^  uillut  haniUt-.  vilia^is,  \c. 

]\Ialaiia  is  an  a;,  lent,  !ar.:e,  wUl  ioii.ned,  and  po- 
piiii'Us  eity,  'v.tli  a  niK'  liir'  our,  on  thi  Medileiranean, 
e  IK  0111  pallid  V.  ;i!i  adi  i;!>b'  \v..l!,  and  di.tend^il  liv  two 
cailie  .  Tile  I  xportaiion  ol  v.ines,  railiiis,  ahiionds, 
fij;s,  Kir. m  ,o;aii';i  ,  itiui  diiei  luiils,  lr,.:ii  hence,  be- 
I'lie^   \^i.i.)l  and   liI,  j  ;odv:i.ts  iiiiUKn!.  dunes    10  du 

kilio. 

A;n-.e!!a,  a  linall  ciie  on  the  NK  diterrancan,  wiiii  a 
fate  and  eommodi  us  ii.id  om',  is  the  lie  01  a  liilhop. 


luinap,;. 


aiui'ia. 


Jl'ti:  up.     Th,e  llioit  Joak,  fornurlv  wian  by  ilh-  Spa. 

niardb,  is  no.v  chl'ul'ed ;  as  are  mil',   IpeClatle'.,   l,in.>; 

lUMids,  niullaeliios,  fee.  Tlieonly  p.iaik  ot  llieir  loriU'.r 

pra'.iiy  eonlills  in  the  de.p  brinvn  eoKnn  otthc  lialVi's 

ot   the  people  in  uen.ral.     '1  he  S[>aniard-,  bdore  tli,: 

aee^lTion  ot  tb.e  iioiil.- o|' Uourlion  to  thtir   dnone,  ar 

tided  tliat  aiitie,iiated  dels  in  hatred  or  eoniinipi  ol' 

die    1-rencli;  and  liie  poMiniiuni  will  prbai  Iv    ii.:.l 

loine  diliieiilly  in  abolilliin^  it,  a^  the  Ijiirit  of  lii,  ,i;- 

luiiy  is  far  Irom  being  c  im;;uilli-d.     An  old  Calii- 

iian  thinks  iiinit'i  If  ih.c  nu.ll  inipin  i.mt  Iviiig  in  natuir, 

.11  id  (he  laii'iC  pride  is  ecnmioily  i  oiuniunieaied  lo  Ifn 

di'.iendaiu-.     This  is  the  tiiie  rea.on  wiiy  fo  many  ut 

till m  are  t<ind   ot   r,nio\iii2;  to  Aiin.riea,  wheie  iluv 

ean  ii'iain  a  1  ilien  naiive  11111101  taiiee,  without  the  ilan- 

i.V  r  ot  leeng  a  lupcii;  r.     Ruhcuhius  a-  this  pride  iiK'.y 

'ppeii.   It    n-.lpiie-  the  potiel''"s   with   jjeneroui   ftriii- 

111.  Ills;   ii  I  cKit;  leldom    louiul    that   a  Sp.niilh   i.cbx-- 

mui,   giiuleiuan,  or  even  liaiki,  iSi;uiliy  of   a  iiie  u> 

aition. 

1  i:e  lu  ulcs  ot  tlv  Spanilli  iivbiliiy  arc  iiniiien'elv 
large,  and  the  apartm  nis  e.vtr:  niely  (paeious.  ']  i;e 
llairealc  and  hall,  dpeeiallv  the  laiter,  aie  the  tin.  i!: 
pan  et  tb.e  h"u!e.  I'lie _/r./A',  or  pirloiir,  is  lurnillKd 
\M!!i  ir.ai'^e  ,  lookin;>-o;,ili  s,  Irannd  eliair  ,  and 
otheis  vey  lo.e.  Tl  .  rjl  of  ihe  li  aiie  is  ind;l!eren!ly 
kirnillKd.  Tb.e  number  of  le'vaii's  kept  liy  ti.e 
graiide.s  is  iiinr.od.rate,  loir.j  o!  them  having  two  or 
ilir.-e  iuindreil  donellr  s. 

'J'lie  Span-aiils  aiv  reniark:-blv  tenipcr:u^-  \„  their 
mr.r.ii  r  of  :iv,ng.  T'  en-  buMi.Mll  is  if::al;\  choe^  - 
la'e,  tealeingveiy  Uloom  thank.  l.i.h-  ibiiiKi  r; 
u  uail\  a  ]K!.ln'!o;  oiixii,  imntoii,  v,  il,  Ji.'ik,  anil 
gieeils,  .dl  1h  iled  tog.tlKi.  '1  he\  b.ve  n.ueh  in- n 
gaiiie,  lallad,  radilhes,  t^.e.  and  are  alio  l^^nd  oi 
mullnooms,  l^oney,  I'liails,  and  tii.al  eg?s.  'Iju'  mt-i 
Lhiiik  I  ui  l.ttle  v.me;  and  the  u.inieii  moilly  ule 
water. 

lioni  time  immemorial  the  Sietba,  or  atinn-ion's 
!]  n.;|>.  ha^  be  n  eullomaiy  in  Spain,  lioni  one  to  about 
j  ihise  in  the  afiern' on,  all  the  tlreets  of  Madiid  areas 
i  I'liitary  as  adtieM.  Tiic  tiadeliiien  Unit  their  lhi.pi, 
;Ik  meiliani,  s  quit  their  work,  and  every  l)wdy  Iks 
f    dow  n  to  lie.  p. 

I        Daneing  15  a  favourite  divi  1  (ion  with  the  Siianiaids. 
TI.euiM 


kjucra  is  a  '.andli  mi  iown,wnli  a  ealtie,  -o  mi!. s 
1,1   ;■  Ir,  in  f  .lanai'a.      N.ar  it  is  a  t..med  lali-i-iit, 


!,im 


lb  til.-  1  :avi  ill 


h  111 


le  .lie 


kinds 


though  ih.\    ail  d.ii.eid  to  ih.-  lame  linu-. 


i' 


:e  OIK  1    tiie  UKiit  ilanee;   the  othtr  1 


tlie   w. 


le  leniioiv  wan  tliai  lOiinno- 


'    .iid  ot  animating  exp.etf 


..nt  and 


ons 


'liie  JMndani'ij  i- 


ienbed  In'  a.n  eminent  wni.r  as 


Pet 
D. 


vues. 


r.  c  1 

;;,   Drc, 


0  :\ 


li:i(,is, 


111. 


si:  d  ol  Vvi\  loeiv  dance,  uhuh  the  Spainaids 


f /•  Li 


learned  tr  .m  the  Indian^ 
,;11   1:1   n  IS  nuah  doublvil, 


but  the  toiind.itiun  tur  il 


Lea 


'.'■.i/:licns,     Bu'.-Jiiln,     L. 


cf  the  ^pa 


S': 

to  A 


Al 


v.lent,   ;s  nut  tl.inlv  intia.  .1 


'ii  1" 


ti.e  iir^.u  oralis  o 


iKi  ua. 


,'nd  p.iitiy  to   the 


This 
I    |'Lii|ih  l.ni 
th.'  na- 


their   :a;ii, lie- 


are   at 


or  no  pain , 


caule 


lltltllHtt     is    tl 


nun. 


.r  o'  iCi  kli 


jt    bi.th  k.\es 


ot  ivh'uev. 


inor.  pirtia 
blaik  !.a.,  I 
c  'ii:ui.f.,uic. 


le   generally  t-i 
e  C.illihai  ' 


ano  well  111  ut 


Ih 


d    vciy   I 


u.attiv  ll  ;r,pl(.-\ion 


ut  ll,'  ir 


n,attd 


ind  ex;,lelli\e 


The  ! 


L-  hiautv 


of  the  Sii 


mail  ,ai';esKign-    iiiollb  in  tnwr  iioVv  Ls  .ind 


r^iiumt  I 


t 


)e  acKiioali  il 


Ilia; 


.1.  \,onun  as  an 


vet 


t. 


untiy  in  t:i. 


r   (r  111  lormiiii'    ilu  ir 


IKI:: 


.Tlrtl     ItieV  aie  I  oIlillliMlb    111., ill 


lov  i,iu,  ll  ait    111 


.t  n.. 


luppiyi 


Th.;  h.'l'ii-  I  :   til;   Spat'iOr  gentry  ofb  .th  tl  xc 


em 


IV  m  I 


he  V 


.kIi  1  .If.ioil. 
Ill 


\Vl 


calioii  to  A.ilK  (!ie  llieet  i  m^ii.i.n,  tin 


s  are 


len  iv.  .uien  ha\c  oi  - 


,*  LU'.k  lilk 


.11 


an 


■i  ill 


en  ar; 


llilcd 


ir   I  i.vereil  will 


Ihe  tneatiie.il  ie|)ie:eniaiii'ns  of  Spain  arc  very 
ii.\..il.  1ai..|1  lonie  ]-)KCes  ,  :  1  .ope/,  with  a  fcv  lia- 
gviliis  t,|  Ra.  ine,  ihe\  have  noihing  but  taicis  i.\- 
liiliued.     The    pl.iv   uiu.db   l.ilis    ihree  lu.urs,   in  the 


1 

0,1.  ol  .'.hk  ll  nianv  ludier 


ou^ 


iranks  at 


e  exiiilileu 


and  keiies    iniiodu. 


lepuiJiiani    to  cmimiKi   lenll 


as  ue:l  as  eomm.ja  iteeeiK 


neral,  handlome; 


T 


e  .aclreli 


es  .lie,  :n 


lUt, 


I  heir  couiui.  nances,  ant: 


1  Ih 


ew  mol 


IS  the  acti.rs,  diilort 
horrid  alpecis,  elpe- 


iia.ivwluii   iliev   lau'.'.li  or  weep. 


Tl: 


pec 
ere  are    l.ats  in 


the  pi!,  where  [i.op:e  eonveik  as  the\  do  in  the  l!i  ..ts. 


II  It 


'I 
tiiar-.   a;i'l  nuns. 


lo  t. 


and  I  iiiv  taiic 


liel. 


eii  111  t 


he  f 


line  box,  CO. 


kack 


ni 


ins  rull's,  p.hinies  of  teathi-rs,  r.unid  hat',  thole 


worn 


un  ;er  the  arm,  .uii 


1  oih. 


(Irelleil  w.t 


I-   11  1  pieii  r\  aioii  ot  manneis,  no  char.i.'enlue  drels 


h  ll 
h; 


•11 


1 


.\nalc\ii. 


iIrv  il,(  ,a  liom 


le   piavers  otien  appear  on  iIk 


Tlr 


a,:tielle  -  aie  v,  1  v  In,. 


in  I  'iinnion, 
IS  i.ttell 


pliy 


ly  the  woni.  n~ 


llai'.e  as 
.      Men. 


and  the  company 


oi.ligeu    10  w.xA  .ui  ll  air  oeiore   tlie  cun.uil  is 
drawn    iiji,  hciaale    the    liei.nn,',  diieiin.i,  i^ueen, 
i_h,iiiil)eriii,ud,  1 


n  M'l  (i.i!,c  lha\  iiii' 


'IlicS; 


111 


lanilli  ti.iiieilie    are 


■arharous, 


:!iu 


troplie  g.  IK  rail)  llrckn 


actors  ami  aciie 


I  Jt'.id  die  beiuie  the   I 


peeiaioii 


Tl 


le  pa  aiK 


I  t! 
Iksal 
1  box. 


eai.il- 


s  arc 


mcxorai)!. 


H'.W 


or.RAPiir. 

nuilv  w.'in  hy  tli,-  S;\-,- 
iiili',   liHCtiulcs,   l,',n:>; 

inly  HKiik  (it  ihcir  ioriDM- 
rown  i.)l.  i;i  .nilie  li,\l,i'., 
a'  Sivuii:iril~,  li^|..iv  tli.: 

x.n  to  tlair  iliioiic',  .n- 
n  li.ural  nr  conuiiijn  ol" 

inklU    will    pr-ll.li    l\      ll::  1 

t.  ■■'.-  t'x  Ipirit  uf  i'w.y.. 
'•nil  '!•  An  ..Kl  c..'i\i- 
1  .:ii.int  Iviiig  in  natiiiv, 
ly  <uiiiiiiunii:\itcl  !<'  lii< 
f  iv.i.oii  wliy  lo  iii.iiiv  I  1 
to  AiiKiica,  wlicic  tluv 
Mtaiuc,  wiilunii  tic  itaii- 
iciildus  a,  iliis  priiti-  m.'.y 
'i^  ttilh  ^rtH'i'd;,  lltiii- 
ul  i!!:it  a  S|v;nilli  i;,.l.;c. 
uki,  :s  ;j,uiiiy  of  a  uk  ^n 

!i.  hilily  arc   iinii.cni'cjv 

\lr;  ;iu-ly    Ipaiious.      ']  ia- 

tlic  laittr,  uic  the  lin.il: 

11'  pir.'oiir,  is  riiniilliiil 

s    Iraiiiitl     chair,    mul 

t  liif  h  ai;o  i-  iinlillcicntly 

■t    ffviii's    kc-:  I     i,y    im; 

.■  o!  thi-in  hiMiii;   iwu  or 

k  l>lv  tini|)erat^  u,  tiair 

UMi.fail  is  i.fiiaiiy  cliof,  . 

drank.     T,,.!,-  thiiiKi-  a 

imiiirii,    V,  ll,  p..ik,  a:ul 

1  hi'v     l;vc    iMif'i   i:j„  n 

.    apj    arc  aim    (.aid'  d 

ipil  tii.il  I'.;  ■■..     'I'lu-  men 

ilic    vvMUKii  niDilly   ul'e 

lac  Siclla,  or  alii  moon's 
ll)ain.  IVum  one  to  abmit 
ic  llact-.  <  t'Madii.l  arc  as 
ra(lc!iii(.-n  Unit  ihci;-  llmpi, 
ork,  anvl   every  I)  .Jy   hes 

■iifioii  with  ;!.(■  Spaniaiils. 
I  'n;iM,  ■•1  w.a-h  ill,  IC  .■^rc 
iiai;c;d  to  th.  lame  ii;nc. 
;   ilu-  olhei"  IS  galL.nt   and 

d  liy  an  eminent  writi-i'  as 
uliiJi  the  .S|^ai;iaiiis  lu\e 
na  the  t.a.ndaiiuri  ha-  ihis 

ll!' ns  of  Spain    aic   very 

■  '!  l/'pc/,  with  a  tew  tia- 

e  n.Jihm;^  Init   farces  i\- 

lills    ihree  luHirs,   in  the 

nh  pranks  aie  exliil  iied  ; 

;naiii    to  c ammon  Iciife, 

The  adielies  are,  in  g,- 

1 11   as  tlic  acbors,  diilort 

moll  liorrid  alpeels,  eij)e- 

-vp.     'riieif  are    l^ats  in 

.  as  thev  do  in  the  l!r  cts. 

to  I'lays;  and  I  >m.  fines 

eoc  kade^,  civvies,  a  v.il, 

,  round  hai',  ihole  uor;i 

liul  \i  iih  (loAer  .     '1  heic 

s  no  char.',  'eriliie   drels 

a  app.ar  on  ihc  (lai-.e  as 

lie    :,ie  v,  ly  lii.e.      Men, 

put-.;   and  the  company 

ur  i'eioiv    liic  eiaaain  a 

nil,',   duenna,   lUkeii,  or 

lie  lliavins.^ 

■arharoiis,  ami  I  he  cai.if- 

lors  and  aciiellls  all  die. 

The  ['It  and  hox.s  aic 


lUROl'E.] 


S     P    A     1     N. 


8Si 


M 


inexoralile,  and  iiothinr;  can  he  heard  for  their  hitfinf^. 
The  guards  m  vain  tlireatcu  and  Itonn  :  fonutimis 
ihev  arc  tircil  with  haw  liiij.',  and  |oin  in  th.eir  hi.'lls. 
Neither  xoiith  or  beauty  can  dilarni  party. 

1  low  people  can  tind  am  charms  or  niaifiiiliccncc  in 
thole  horrid  eonibats  called  b'ail-lij^hts  imill  be  the 
uondcr  and  allonilhiTicnt  of  all  civili/cii  nations.  'I'hcy 
are  peculiar  to  this  coiinrry,  ami  make  a  capital  figure 
in  paintiiij^  the  I'cniiis  and  maniurs  of  the  Spaniard;. 
On  thele  <Hcali(ins  uning  ca\alicrs  have  an  opjiorru- 
nity  "t  tliewiii};  their  (Ourat;e  and  activity  hitorc  their 
niiilretlcs;  and  the  valour  ol  the  cavalier  i .  proclainuai, 
honoured,  and  rewarded,  aca  irdinjj;  t()  the  number 
and  licrcciiel;  of  the  bulls  he  has  killed  in  ihelc  en- 
counters. 

The  biill-fipjiters  raife  horror,  and  the  bulls  excite 
pitv.  .\  man  mull  be  as  unteeliiif;  as  a  (lone  not  to 
be  foftcncd  into  tears  at  the  li^ht  of  a  number  of  bar- 
barians, killini?,,  without  any  emotion  or  concern,  a 
poor  annual,  (;agi!;etl  and  mullled  in  fuch  a  maimer  as 
to  deprive  hiiii  v\  the  means  of  delendini^  himfclf,  or 
even  feeinj;  his  murderers. 

The  atrocity  of  thiscontell  is  fiirtlier  aggravated  b) 
the  tranfports  and  acclamations  ot  an  immenle  b<)d\ 
of  people  ;  by  the  clapping  of,  [)erliaps,  tw»:nty  thou- 
fand  pair  of  hands,  ,ind  the  beating  of  as  many  pair  of 
heels,  at  the  verv  moment  when  the  bull,  mortally 
vounded,  nearK  futfocated  nith  rage,  is  tottering,  fal- 
ling, bellowing  out  his  la'.l  groans;  llreiching,  llrng- 
gling,  and  making eli'orts  to  rife  ;  linking  again,  tfoth- 
ing  at  the  mouth  with  anguilh,  bleeding  and  g.ifping 
iip'on  the  ground,  where  lavage  bull-llayers  an-  con- 
tending for  the  honour  o\'  giving  him  the  lalt  pang. 

To  heighten  the  Iccne  of  barbaritv',  the  tender  fi  \, 
who  tieiiible  at  the  fall  of  a  leaf,  U\  their  eves  on  a 
poor  animal  in  torture,  bleedin;;,  paining,  and  expiring 
at  their  feet;  feem  to  count  h.>  wouiiiU,  iiis  groans, 
and  dropis  ot  blood,  and  to  regret,  when  lie  die^,  that 
his  Ih uggles  and  fullering^  are  over. 

All  the  bulls  ufeil  at  thefe  Ihows  are  brought  from 
the  mountains  and  woods  of  Andaliilia. 

Such  arc  the  tights  lii  much  talked  v'-,  fig'it 
veral  popes  and  fovereigns  have  lb  olien  .;:'. .ir 
\.iin,  toabolilli;  hut  rh.c  popul.u  e,  on  e\ery  oevalion, 
aflembled  tumiiltuoullv ,  threatening-  deilruetion  ;  aiiil, 
in  Older  to  appii  ale  them,  it  ha,-,  often  been  tiiund  ne- 
i  elliiry  ro  (;u  rili^e  a  great  number  of  bulls.  'I'his  bar- 
barous diverlion  IS,  tv,  moll  writers,  fui)pofed  to  be  of 
Mciorilli  original,  and  to  have  been  adojsted  b\-  the 
Spaniai.l,-.  when  upc'ii  good  terms  witii  that  nation, 
partiv  through complaiiance,  and  p.irtb  through  rival- 
Ihip.' 

'J"he  ground-work  of  the  Spanilli  langaiage,  like 
that  ui  ihe  Italian,  i;  Latin.  The  S[)anilh,  indeed, 
riiglit  be  called  a  ballard  latin,  were  it  not  for  the 
terminations  and  exotic  words  introduced  into  it  by 
tl.e  Moors  and  (iotlv;.  It  is,  at  prefent,  a  majelUc 
and  exprellivc  language;  aiiti  wh.it  is  remarkable, 
foreif^ncrs  wlio  underliand  it  the  leail,  prize  it  tiie 
moft.  Of  al!  the  .Sjianilli  dialects,  that  o'  Callile  is 
the  mofi  ligurative  and  emphatic. 

Though  main  of  the  Sjianiards  are  men  of  genius, 
and  ihev  ha\e  a  number  of  iiniverfities  and  academies 
amongll  them,  tluy.ire  li)  rellrivteil  in  their  difquili- 
tions,  that  little  progrefs  can  beexpecled  t'rom  them  in 
the  feveral  braiu  hes  ot  literature.  They  havi-  culti- 
vateti  hillory  u aih  the  greaielf  fuccefs.  There  is  an 
acadcmv  tor  ^lu^  brant li  ellabliflied  at  Madrid,  .md 
employid  in  invedigating  the  annals  of  Sjiain. 

ihc  moll  dillini.^tiiiheil  dramaiic  poet  of  this  nation 
was  I.o[)e/.  de  \  iga,  who  was  i  oti  inporary  with  our 
Shakefpearc.  'I'he  moll  celebrated  u  riteis  of  humour, 
in  prole,  are  Cervantes,  author  of  that  admirable  jiiece 
of  fat  ire,  (  ailed  the  llillor\  ol  the  Renow  neil  IJon 
(juixote  de  la  IVTancha;  and  Ciuevara,  who  jirodueeil 
the  tamous  \vov\i,  cMcd  El  l^i.i.h/o  C.ixue/o,  whith  1  ,e 
S.ige  moderin/.ed  into  .i  romance,  known  in  I'inglilli, 
by  the  title  of  "  The  LVmI  upon  two  Sticks."  The 
No.  8 1 . 


r  !e- 
1.  in 


Villnns  of  Qucvcdo,  and  fomc  otlicr  of  his  humorous 
and  fatirical  pieces,  having  been  tranflatcil  into  the 
KngliOi  language,  have  rendered  tha'  autiiorwell  known 
in  this  country .  Spain  has  likewife  produccil  many 
travellers  and  voyagers  ei)uall>  amuling  and  inllrut- 
ing.  It  ajipears,  up<on  the  whoh-,  that  if  the  Spaniards 
could  tlilengagc  thcnifelves  trom  their  abllrai  icd 
turn  of  thinking,  and  thcr  tyrannical  form  of  go- 
vernment, they  would  make  a  cajiital  li;,ure  in  the 
literary  w  orki. 

'Ihe  Spaniards  embrace  and  prnftife  the  Romilli  re- 
ligion in  all  its  forms  and  (  cremonies.  In  this  t'^a^y 
have  been  l"o  (k-ady,  that  tl.cir  king  is  diningi'iflied  by 
the  epithet  of  Motf  Catholic.  The  horrors  of  that 
religion  are,  however,  at  prefent  grcatlv  leHi  ned  in 
this  country,  bv  moderating  the  penalties  of  the  in- 
quilition,  and  ihlqualifying  the  ccclelial\ics,  and  their 
o;'i,  eis,  frori  carrying  into  execution  any  fentence 
wiiliout  the  roval  authoritv.  It  a|)[)cars,  upon  the 
whcle,  thattlx-  liery  zeal,  wh;c:h  formerlv  dil'in*;  liflied 
the  .'-Spaniard:  liom  the  rell  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
world,  is  much  abated  ;  and  that  the  powerof  the  clergy 
has,  (it'late  years,  been  much  reduceil.  A  royal  edict  has 
alfobeen  illiied,  to  prevent  the  ailmillion  of  noviciates 
inio  the  ililti  rent  convents,  without  fpccial  jjermillion, 
which  has  a  great  tendency  to  reduce  the  monadic  or- 
ders. The  riches  of  the  Sp,anilh  chi:rel'.e>  and  con- 
vents arc  objee'.s  of  admiration  to  all  rravellcrs,  as 
well  as  natives:  but  it  is  a  julf  remark,  tiiat  there  is  a 
f.mienefs  in  them  all,  excepting  that  they  dilfer  in  the 
liigrcesof  treafiireand  jewels  they  contain. 

S  K  C  V  I  O  X     1\ . 

C'.iiPH'yce,  Mam'fiiili'.rcs,  (piTrlicu'iirly  TfcoL)  C  :>•, 
Coveyiimoil,  .VldLs  c-f  P:ii::j.:iyc;:t,  Rr.nhs  and  Oi\:jys, 
Rrvani'-,  is,-. 

T!TOrr;ll  Spain  is  well  fitiaited  for  trade  and 
nav  ig.ition,  the  native,;,  th.roiigh  their  n;itural  in- 
tioleiiee,  iieglct  thi ;  a,,lvantage,  and  leav^  it  to  the 
other  maritime  nations.  (lold  anil  filver  are  the  chief 
branches  bodi  of  ilieii  exports  and  imports.  'I'liey  im- 
p;irt  them  Ikmu  America,  aiid  evport  them  ro  other 
countries  ol  Iv.irope.  Cadi/,  is  tl',e  cliicf  emporium 
of   this  commerce. 

The  P'.,in;if,i.,  lures  of  Sr.ain  are  chiefly  t:i!.,  wool, 
copfier,  and  haidware.  Ol  all  the  wool  ufed  in  manu- 
factures, that  of  this  country  is  certainly  the  hell:.  Ic 
is  liner,  more  tilky,  and  unites  better  in  fulling  than 
an-.- other  wool  in  i*-un)]K'.  But  all  the  wool  of  Spain 
is  not  ei)ually  tine.  Several  forts  are  dillingiiillieJ, 
which  dili'er  from  each  other  as  to  qualitv,  number  of 
piles,  and  the  names  of  thole  to  v.'iom  it  belong>.  The 
full  pile  are  thole  of  Segovia,  It  is  comiiuted  that 
tl'.ere  arc  fold  annualb  about  (;;,o(;;)arobs  ot  this  woo!. 
.'\n  arob  weighs  :o  pounds.  Thefe  piles  are  deligned 
fir  the  finetl  woollen  lliilfs,  lVC.  aiul  are  ufed  in  manu- 
facturing the  bell  cloths.  The  next  fort  are  called  Ca- 
valier-.. There  arc  various  other  forts  of  piles  ol  mid- 
ling  i)uality  in  Spain. 

The  kingdomsaiul  provinces  in  v.liichthe  finell  for;> 
of  w(-iol  are  lobe  l()und,  are  .'\rragon,  the  kingdom  ol 
\alcneia,  I'liper  and  Lower  .'\ndalulia,  Callile,  a:'.d 
Navarre.  .\n  old  pa-iialice  prevails,  th;it  it  is  the  elu 
mate  w  hich  occalions  the  linenefs  and  w  hitenefs  fo  mu>-h 
admireil  in  Spanilh  wool;  whereas  the  manner  in  which 
the  Spaniards  re.ir  tlieir  Hocks  is  t!ie  real  caafe  of  the 
perfection  oilheir  wool.  ( )!her  nations  have  luecels- 
fullv  culiivateil  all  arts  and  fciences,  cxcepi  ihe  ihep- 
herd's  art;  t!ie  Sp-.mi.uals,  on  the  eontiarv ,  havcneg- 
le.  ,ed  all  bat  this ;  and  we  fldl  lin.l  in  .Sjiain  loinetraees 
of  that  palloral  life,  whii  !;,  in  the  eaiie  ages  of  il-.e 
world,  priKiired  honour  ;ind  hajipui  Is  to  ihole  wh.o 
devoted  ihemfelvcs  to  ;;. 

Many  elVorts  have  bet  n  made  bv  tiie  Sjvmilli  govern- 

ment  to   prevent   the  oih'-r   Imii-ojhm!-.-    n  .ions   from 

reaping;   t'le    i  hiel  .i.iv.uu.c;.-    of  tlie  ..  -.n    (nm- 

'  lo  O  i.ier..e. 


\i  i\ 


'^ 


SS: 


IIHT.  (.' 


A  \l\\,  KDVAl,   ^^.n  AUTIU'.NTK"  S\>I|  VI  u:-  INhi  ii^AI.  ui  u; 


>i'iiV. 


but    tlH'lV  1..11    I1C\'. 


Iiii- 


ol  indiilifN  is  av* 


iul,  till  a  ip 


;lki.nii'i  ,ii>;til)}^  ll.i'  ivuivis,  li>;\s  to  in- 
able  tlKMi  to  Uipi'lv  thi-ir  Ar.uMii'.tM  poljlilums  with 
thfir  own  tonimcidilii's  "f  iikii  haiiJi/c. 

Ai  counts,  in  Spain,  ai\-  kept  m  reals  antl  niara\i- 
ilicsilc  pl.ua,  (M-  liUir,  \*Imi1i  aic  iiiraginary  coins; 
34  niaraMilus  niakirv^a  rfil,  iqi:al  to  li\o-pcncc-  halt- 
ptMriv  l-'ni'lilh.  '\\w  ;mM  loins  arc  pillc.Ic.-i,  or  ilouh- 
iiMvis,  \ah:c  !-s.  doiiUle,  qiiailruplc,  half  and  quann 
pilloks.  'I'lu-  liUif  ei'jns  arc  reals  i!e  piata,  or  liUir, 
\wiitli  rouK'.\liat  alvne  li\-[ieii,e  of  iiir  money  ;  pial- 
ters,  or  jiicces  ot  eii^ht,  worth  ahoiir  4<.  (>il.  hall  anil 
iliiartei  pieces  o\  eii^ht,  Init  ihclc  arc  rare.  '1  he\  ha\e 
alfo  rni.\ll  hrals  iiionev ,  called  quartos  ami  octavos,  like 
our  hallpeni-e  ani!  larthini;'.  'Ihe  .Spanilli  clcudos,  in 
rnnens,  and  ducats,  are  nna<i;inary  coins,  and  botli  ol 
the  \alucot  alioi.t  ( s.  ot  oin-  money.  'I'licre  are  alio 
inia;_>.inarv  pialUrsaiid  [i;!h)!es. 

In  Sp.aina  nioll  id  I",  .)tiC  government  prevaihj  anil 
the  dillrels,  To  vilible  in  melt  parts  ot  the  country,  l^, 
in  a  great  mcarurc,  th.e  rcfult  of  that  governmcn.t,  1:1 
the  adniinilliation  ot"  which  no  proper  attention  is  paid 
to  ir.e  mtcreits  ai;d  welfare  of  the  people.  The  mo- 
n.ir  hy  i^  hereditaiv',  and  tvnialcs  arc  capable  of  (\ic- 
reilioii.  The  kinjfs  of  Spain  are  in.uipuiated  w  itiunit 
beingcrowncd,  b\  the  dcli\cry  o;'a  hiord.  'I'hcir  li,-- 
niiiiie  never  ir.cntions  their  nan  e,  l;ut  "1  the  Ki:iL'  " 
'I'iie  l-.eir  app.:'.re:-,r  is  calleil 
ctixr  children,  of  both  !eM 
lar.ta'^:  that  i^  c'nil.lren. 


prince  ot'  Aliui  ias  ;  and  the 
■;,  !'',  w.iv  01  dilhiiciiiMi,  in- 


ne  aum;nt;t:at.on   o!  t!".e  i'ovcrnmcnt,  and   o 


.ere  .iie  1   u  r.i!  i  n 


K  :li  anil  ti  louii  1 


as  tiie 


pHita,  cr  I  ,i!ii:',i.t->  oiin^  ii,  t'u  pi  i\v-iounoil,  !,ic  1  orii- 


ilof  C 
ril  o*"  the  Ir, 


tiHiniii  ol  ;l,e  ie.,uii'ii;ion,'  the  coun- 
the  fe\in   i  iiurt.s  of  nv,a!   audiences, 


C^i 


Since  tl 


c  ;  I  _;n:\' 


reign  of  Philip  111.  tl 


;;ot  tl:e 
I  01  tc 


I  -th  cii.tiirv. 


aiK 


or 


1U-, 
■ailiair.ei'.ts  ol'  thi 


Ki 


nudiMii,  have  bcm  liif  nntinied 


uucs  thole  al-.c)\e-nien:io;'.. 


m.! 


li:bo:->li- 


ils  lor   tn 


natc  trihun, 
branchc'  <if  buti; 

tion  ol  a  li 


live    linan. 


M 


-f  Midrd 

.ll\  ;    a  lUlb, 


IS  iiilve^ieii  to  liie 
d 


ill! 


[ICC. 


niM-ea 


11.0:1  nil 


1,  all  the  q.:ar 


,  \\  no  ilci  iile^,  «  ifliiii, 
|)ute^  amoni;  the  imn. 


HuarrcN  arc  unfiiquent  hir 


A  Sr 


la 


W 


(in'y  liihi  1 
le  di  '■^^\■  ^  tl 


hut  pi.i<  I  Iul  I  \en 


I  excels, 
hut  thi 


I'pi 


ie  ilr;-.:.  01 


1.1: 


1. 1 


I'll-  arc 
a.  thev  au:  i  \i  1  ■. 
dto 


!ua\  .  11  en;  Ml  I 


.1    loUol   runncr.s,  whole  buliiui's    it    is   to 
lis,  tair\  thi  m  to  ]Mifon,  cRort  tiuiii  to  the 


"allou  ^,  a:nl  i  ondii.,t  the  i;.\ei  iitioner  oac 


ktol 


ll^  houle. 


1 


a;n 


ar  a  p.utu  iil  ir  iiniloi  m. 

fi 


.!>  Uc 


\  iil.iiiiA  .ire    l.ilicrril  to  li\e  in 


ouM  I'c  put  to  di 


I,    .1, 


euncrc. 


If  th 


I  V 


t:u' 


are   Icr.t   to  uoik  at  Di.iii,  .1  iiiv  of 


Ai'r 

ihe 

I 


'ii  the  C  i>alt  01  Barb; 


r>. ,  or  lorto  Kko,  oi-.e  i 


Ki 


il 


A: 


in 


No.ti 


Il  Ok 


tlv,' 


eit  to  ro!  ;,i  niilun. 


1ft! 
to  pa' 
Cr:mii 
tl 


e  atrocirv  ot  the  <  rniie  hiould  ohl 


:enie   of  ilcath, 
II  e'inus  lia\e 


th 
their  1 


e   oiiciUlcr 


i.injH'il 


and  th.'s   pii]Vliiii:c:'.t,   u  liu  h 

,i!>d  Iraki  ■,  the  l.an-ltand  (;n  iiul,    is  tile  kali  p.uiiUil 


rams  kr.oi  kcil  oi:l : 


c   imaginatinn. 


■k,  th 


.uui  ol   iteatl 


le  (  \i'.  iu:i 


iiu  r,  aio'cil   u  1 


a;u 
hitii   dc 


a  knile 


tie 


ih 


;.il   I'.-i  the  temple 


am 


lb 


;ine.s  tlieil 


a;  p.iK:.  11:1  iioo 


into  a  hrc  p.ii j 


.:  1 


tins 


hutcl 


uriii''   wi'i; 


lampa    cp'.n  hiio,  quarter-.  Ii.in, 
^,  and  tlirow  ■>  tlu  111 
.At  the  li-i;t  (i| 
a    lew  let  oiub,  all 


u:  poll 


the  fpe.taiois  turn  p.i'.-,  :in  1  liuukier  w  iih  ht/r 


hildien  Ihrit 


ror 


k.  tl 


■iiu  n  l«oon  with  terror;  th( 


ine  lu 


fierings  ot  the  n 
It 


lor  .i,i\.'  li{  <•!)  loivr  o\i  I . 

\.lih  holier ,  w  hip- 
ped, i-randcd,  and  Icatheied;  and  m  ti.i.  coiidilion  hd 


cuii  Iks  are  Itrippeii,  anoinu 


he    e\ce'.:t'. 


.T    th.ro'.irh    diilerent 


I- 


Ml  eptm;;  tlu-   pr;!on  tor  tl'.e  nohilit'-,  a:i    te.c    ■e'. 
i'l    M.iib'.d    are    ( liarnel-houics.       No   linlineuon    t 
made  l-eiwccn  guilt  and  mi-.lintunc.     'I'iie  ineorri;;iiilc 
villain,  the  iiOMi  iate  in  kn.i\ii\,  and  the  debtor,  are 
Irvijiantly  Iheti  hed  iijion  ih'.  I.ime  wad  of  llraw. 

I  he  carc.iu,  or  iiill.)^,  the  br.md,  and  ihe  gillies, 
are  the  puiiilhi. -.cuts  tor  truial  crimes.  l)lii.  eisol  all 
lor:^,  ewii  kin:,-'s  olli  ei^,  are  lent  to  th''  gallio, 
Whillt  thev  are  eni|>lo\e,l  in  rim  ing  or  failui'.',  th.iir 
t'lne  o!  t!a\erv  is  goin.Mi:',.  When  thev  aie  dik  liarjcl 
the,  refume  their  rank,  l.'.cry  thiny,  depends  on  tiie 
term,  of  eonipaJ. 

I  Pe  Spamlh  ciniri>  ol  "i.il'iice,  fo  lenient  v. ;:li  refpi.i. 
to  loiiic  partieulai  crimes,  lliew  no  men  .  to  thiifc  w  ho 
lot)  a  ch.ureh.  The  king,  indeed,  throuyb  regard  tor 
the  party,  liimcMiics  i-hanges  the  punilliiuein  of  de.uii 
into  p;rpetiial  onr-i  ifonuieiir. 

'I'iie  genual  n.mie  tiir  thufe  Spuiilli  iiwhility  an.l 
gentry  whoaie  unmixed  uith  the  Moondi  blood,  is 
111  lig.i.  Tlic;,  are  divided  int.)  priili  e-,  d  ikes,  m.u  - 
qu.Us,  counts,  \n'dunt.,  and  oiher  mfv'iii;-  titl.  . 
.Such  as  are  I  reared  grandee-  m.ie  llan.l  covered  be- 
torethe  king,  and  ait  trc.ited  with  ]iniu;e!y  uiitiiieiio.-i-. 
.\  grandee  cannot  be  apprchcnvled  without  the  king's 
I  order  ;  and  eardir.aU,  arehoillin|i-,,  ambaikidors,  knigliis 
j  ol  t!ie  iMilik'il  Ikei  e,  and  i  ertaiii  other  gie.i;  dignitir-., 
lioili  in  ( Irireh  an.l  I'tate,  h,a\e  the  [irivdiges,  as  v\eli 
a-  tl'ic  grandee  :,  to  appear  covereil  li.t.ne  the  king. 


Ol   !i. 


e   ouk  IS  nl 


;iuhood  in  Sp.aln,  that  of  tl 


icc'  e  1^  I  he  PI  lU'ipal,  w  I 


w.l^  inllitute 


:1mIP  tile  Vf  I,),] 


if  1 


I  i:l'e.iii,:n  n:i>V  ti 


,\ui!ria.       The  le.-d.r  of 
1:1:1  t'.iLd  in  t!ie  \ea;'   1  1 


ot 


Iv 


e  ol    |).ir:'''iiil\-,  a 
e),nn   .md  the  houi 


d 

id 


de  C 

d 


oiiipolliii.i  was 


entinaiu 


I   II 


le  1:1,1,  r  of  L'.e.i:r,c.,i  uas  f. 


111. 


Tl 


inlbiuiio:!  lo  1  , 
kill  ordi  r>  h  >\.' 
nexal  lo  them, 
poiiirl  1',  th.i:  ; 
tini: 
to  b 


)f  A! 

)f  1. 1 


king,  Ol 
1  by  .S.in. 
a  oAcs  ii> 
Tiie  three 


i.ip'c.  I'  iMin.m.lei  ies,  or    e; 


lie  mi'.ri--  01  tlicm  wire  once 


f.i 


:liMU\l  tl 


^m  r  s  auilioritv  over 


I;   ulicreiiiMi 


;)  the  k 


i:ig  pro.  uree 


I  thole 


mil 


lerlli 


■eht 


.-Tied   on    him;ill   bv  the  pope,  ih.it    they 

if  ihe  Hate. 


no  loivu  r  a.lime  ihe  in 


■eiv.leiic. 


de^  tl 


Kie  aie  hie  oilier- 


ih 


er  of 


Mont 


I    u. 


ela,  anil  tin-   o 
iltifiitcd  ^eInli 


,r  ot    (.. 


Il  ol    111-  ma; 


Ion. 


uli.i  h  latter 
,);iour  of  the 
'Ui  peiiiin,  of 


11 


deU e:it  i.ui  Iv  loivg  to  this  oiiier. 
:e  reienues  arilinjr  to  th.c  king,  I.e.ni  Old  S; 


j    a;  e  i  >  impulevi  .1: 


lOO.cz: 


I  lis  .\m,r;i..ui  income, 


it  1-1  true,  I-  iir.menfe;   hut  it  i:;  generally  in  a  manner 


eiiMi  /./ici)  01  air.iei 


Tl 


f.:ur, 


11  i) 


f  h 


paicd  before  it  arrives  in01dS|),ii 


relent  C.iiholic  .M.tiell 


ciu  r  lii.iJing,  hi/di  tor  himfelf  and  ;)eo 


01  ,111.  ( 


if   h 


Mvileeelioi 


T 


y  are  on  a 
th,iii  thofo 
le  t.ivi  s  I'loni   wlience' 


Liiia!  re. eiiiiis  ar;fe  are   I'o  \;i,iii 


;inil  .noitrarv 


t';-..it  thev  lannnt  h.c   aleertaine 


,1. 


111. 


in  all 


k  lids 
lion  . 
t.ived 


ol   iiooils. 


oufis, 


land- 


an;  p 


iiieiieruiu   an.l   mili'.arv   i  r.V.T.- 


1  lie  Ian. 
ee,   gei 


of  the  kini'  of  .S'lam,  in   time  of 


amo'.uu  to   Piiv.  icn 


.pid.   S';,occ 


a  nine  01   w.ir  tl'.e\  are  piopoiiioneil  to  Llie  exigi  ncie.s 


ll.i 


1 


1. 1    the 

\'i  alloon   or  loieiirn 


:rc.it 


;)e:ii!encc  on   iii.s 


1  le  h.is  taken  i  .iie  !o  lailc 


ni:ir 


:ie,  an.l  rciKler  l.i^ 


licet 


anlidei- 


dilc.  'I  he  I  o.dl  o:  Spam  i.s  well  tci  iind  .\nA  \'.aii  hid; 
lo  th,it  the  vihole  kiiigdotn  may  be  loon  .Maimed  in  c.ife 
if  :in  inv.ilion. 


\\i 

our  g 


,  III    trr 


lal  del' 
1   S| 


it  of  the  illinds  llcloni'.ing  to  Sp.uii  ii 


r:p;:on  o 


1   I  uropeaii  ill.m 


.\.  tl 


Mill   IS  iii':m:r.e; 


oiiiif.il,  we 


ro;i;ie,  ted   u  i:h  that  of 
Ih.ill  mil  inline  tlh  III  'o:;eiliei ,  at  the  i  loli: 


4  0111   aciiHinr  of  the  l.iuer  in  the  loUuuing  chapter. 


c  HA  p. 


M 
V'/ 


111 

ol 
bl. 


li;iVri-iu  [•.;.;  n;  r  • 
.•  nobi!it<\  ;i!i   t:;^    •,■< 

S.  Nil     lilltlM,  ilOII      I 

iilU'.  'liu'  i:u'i)rii;';iiilv 
y,  ;inil  ila-  dchior,  arc 
!ir  \\.u\  (if  llf.iu, 
M.iilil,  aiiil  tlu-  i^illiK, 
I  riiiH--;.  Ol'ii.  I'l-,  (il  .ill 
ff  iViu  tci  tlv  !'i!'iiN. 
iMw  int';  or  Liiliiv.';,  tlu  ir 
lifii  thiv  an.'  iliK  liarjii.l 
y  iliin;.',  ilii^niis  on  the 

,  fii  uMirn:  V,  :;li  ri'l'|Ha 
I  IK)  ii!cn  ;.  to  tliolc  «  hf> 
•cJ,  thnni;',!i  n.'(;ai\l  tor 
U'  [)iimllHiK'iu  ol'  ik-aiii 

I'  Spniilli  lUiliiliiy  an. I 
the  Mooriili  hlooJ,  i-; 

,t.)  prini  v>,  ctikis,  in.ir- 
i    oihiT   inlv-:  iiir  tic!. .. 

m.-i\'   ll.in.i  (  o-.crc.i  Iv- 

llll  1M"I!U.(U    (llltllKIIO.T-. 

ivlcil  without  the  kinir's 
.!>,  im'oailiu'nTv,  kni!.;hi'i 
III  othir  irri-.K  (!i;.';:iilir--, 
•  the  [)rivi!i_i;e<,  as  v\ell 
•red  ii«t.)re  tl'.e  king. 
.1  in  Sjiaiii,  tliar  of  ilie 

uh'i  I',  \^a^  i.'illituted  i;i 
,(•  ol'  H.irj.v'iiiiy,  an, I  is 
S;)ain  aiul  the  home  o> 
i;;<>  lie  Coiiiiiolkil.i  ua.> 

I  eriliiiaiul  II.  kiiic,  Oi' 
I  v>as  r,;;:.i,L.l  !\.  .San- 
.;•  ol'  .ALar.l.'.ia  o'.xes  i:» 
,;  of  l.e.ia.  'I'iie  three 
ii-.leru'-.,  or  ell.iU's,  .\:i- 
,  of  thiiu  u^re  oiu  e  I'j 
le  kin  ;\  .iii:horitv  awr 
I.  iiiwl  thi^i'.j  in.iileiiliiiw 
),■  the  |iope,  that  they 
ie;-eav!eiK  .  of  ihe  Hate. 
1  .'^,i,i;.,i  ;■ ',  iIk'  o;\!i-r  (It 
li.i;k  .    111.    uh;i_h  latter 

I  -  I ,  i:i  h.,i:ioiir  of  tin- 
1.  N.ine  I'lii  [leiioiu  ol 
isc.ul.r. 

■  km,;,  Lean  OKI  Si-.:;n, 
1  lis  .\iner;,-.iii  ineoiiie, 
is  generally  in  a  manner 
e  it  arr;ve>  in  Oiii  Spam, 
r.holie  .NLijelly  ate  on  a 
f  ami  iieoph',  iluiii  thofe 
The  taxis  fioni  uheiiec 
I'o  v.ii  iii.i-.  aiiil  .u'oitrari' 
.1.  ri;e>-  ;.i!l  i.:.o;i  all 
il,,  tiiii'\-r,  ;i:i  '.  provi- 
'.ary  i  rj. -f.^  a:e  iiisevi  :le 

ir  of  Spain,  in  time  ol' 
K IV.  I  en  -  ^  .Kii!  S  o.oco. 
lUioneil  M  llie  exigeiieie.s 
re. It  JcpenJ-enee  on  In.-; 
le  has  taken  e.ue  !o  raile 
r  Lis  fleet  v.e:'.  i  onfloi  i  - 
el!  (ci  in\,l  aia!  v.Ui  lie.l. 
,•  he  liio;i  Planned  m  eale 

I,,  llekmi'^iiiji;  to  Spain  in 

roju.wi  .iI.ukI-;.       A,  the 

I  oiiiiv.  teil  «  ith  that  of 

u  ni  'ii;;(ihei ,  at  the  (  Iclc 

II  the  lollou  my  ihai'ier. 


C    11  A  P. 


(  ^23  ) 


C     II     A     P 


X\\ 


()        R 


S  1-,  C    I    ION      [. 

Boviidiiriis,  Sinoi'i'.ii,  i'.^'i-m.  Climate,  Soil;  I'egctable, 
/Inimtil,  and  .\1:>\!\..    I'ruuttiliniis;    Rivcis,    Mciai- 


'^''II1S  L;n ;\i.m;,  '.\'':ch  is  the  nioll  wellern  in  I'!u- 
X  '"pe,  ;s  hoiiiijfil  b\  ."-pain  on  the  north  and  eall, 
and  In'  tlu'  All.intii  (■>'  ;.in  on  the  I'outh  and  well,  li 
1.'.  titiiated  between  (-aiu^:  degrees  ot  north  latitude, 
and  -  and  iodc;',iee^  of  well  longitmle;  being  .iboiit 
•?'H)  miles  in  length,  and  loo  in  breadth. 
Though  Spain  an^l  I'urtiigal  are  in  the  lame  tlimatc, 
)(t  the  .lir  of  the  latter  is  nuieh.more  temperate  than 
that  of  the  t'ormer,  on  aeeounr  of  th.e  pioximitv  ot 
the  (ea.  I.ithon  liat!i  been  iiuieh  reforted  to  by  vale- 
tudinarian^, ,ind  lonlumptise  [iiifons,  on  account  of 
its  air.  The  fod  is  \<.r\  tiuitful  inuine,  oil,  leir.ons, 
oranges,  ponu-gianaus,  IJv^,  railins,  alinonds,  chef- 
nuts,  and  other  line  funis;  but  there  is  a  want  of  corn, 
i)w  ing,  m  a  gri  u  nu.ifme,  to  the  negjeci  of  agrieiil- 
tiiie.  Tin  ir  IS  |.lintv  of  eviillelit  honev  here,  and 
allool  le.i  anil  user  lilh,  and  fea-falt.  '1  l.c  horfe.s  m 
l'i)iiu;;al  are  ImiIK,  li\elv  animals,  as  they  are  in  Spain, 
but  ot  a  llight  iiiiki';  but  mules,  luing  liaei  tooted, 
aiemoie  ufed  l«>i  eariiage  anil  draught.  l!y  realon  of 
the  f.areilv  ol  palUire,  tlurearenoi  ii.,my  l.cil.  ot 
cattle  or  tin, ks  ol  Tneep  ;  and  wh.it  the\  h.i\care  fmall 
and  lean,  th.o'.igh  the  tlilliis  loleralily  good.  Their 
bell  me.it  is  th;i  'd'  hog.s  and  kills.  TheeofiUiy  in 
ina;i>  pails  1,  mouniiinous;  and  ttie  mountains  con- 
tain all  ki.ul.  ot  or,,,  partieularlv  ot  flKer,  lopper, 
tin,  and.  iron,  witii  a  varn  tv  iil  gems,  beautifully 
\ari(g:r.ed  marble,  mill-tlones,  and  manv  i  urious 
foliil-.  of  ihe  lajiiilmus  kin.d.  The  piincipial  ii\ers  are 
il-.e  Minlio,  in  1  arm  Miniu^  ;  the  lama,  aiu  iently  the 
ian.ed  l.a:i.-,  th.e  (.'avado  ,  ti  e  IJiuio  ;  the  ( I'uadiana, 
an;.ciitl\  .\:'.ai;  an  1  tile 'lauo,  or  Tagus,  whii  li  is  the 
l.iry.el)  liver  in  tl'.e  k'.iigdom,  earr\ing  fome  gold  in 
11-  f.md^,  :ui.l  l.r'ing;  iieo  thi  I'e.i  a  liule  lulow  I.ith.m. 
I  hireare  leural  minei.u  Ij^ing,'-  :n  the  kingdom,  both 
hot  ini.\  c  '.'id,  w  i'i,  Il  aie  nm  h  tn\i'ien!ed.  1  he  moiin- 
taiiK  of  Sic'ii.is  if'  1  'died. I  a:e  al'..,iy ,  eo\ered  widi 
1 1  low  . 

S  I.  (•    T   I   O  N     U. 

G",,.;,'./  /i;-..y.";;;j  '/  Pir!'i;;(h',  -.mb  n  J'drti.iday  B^.yip- 

'"I  "^P  I',  prov  live  of  l'\-TRi--noei;o-r-MiNiio  derives 
X  "  s  n.ime  f;eni  il-,  lituation,  whieh  is  bt  f>\ie;i  the 
I  l^e^^  I  ),)uro  and  Minho;  lia\ing  (lalieia  on  the  noith, 
lie:r;;  (ill  t!.;-  fouih,  the  Ocean  on  ilie  will,  and  a  lulge 
ol  iiiciinMi'ls  iii|  the  e.ill.  Il  is  "O  miles  long,  ^o 
bio.iil  ulu  le  V.  i,k  li,  remarkable  ti.r  I'.s  tertilit),  and 
loiuains  tlu:  tiillo'.iing  p'aee.>: 

Ihaia,  bit',i.;.cn  the  rivei'-  (.".ivaeo  ;im,1  Peflc,  U  the 
lee  ol  an  an  fbiil'.op,  wiio  i.s  piima;e  ol  I'orteg.d,  ,ind 
rpiiiiiual  and  tempoial  lord  of  the  city  and  neigldioin- 
ing  (  ouiury.  1  leie  .iie  a  ll.ilelv  ancie:;;  eathe.lial  aiul 
ar. 'iie[)ili  0|.al  [lai.e,  e,  iiimv  convents,  Kxeial  panlh 
ihiu'ihes,  an  I'lOl'pital,  a  laivc  i  oIKg.e,  ,\:;d  ri  liou/eol 
iiieiv\,  u  !iH  h  1.^  a  ch.irn.'.ble  toiindation  for  ihe  le'al 
of  pi'ilon>  oi'  i';ood  lliimlies  t.illen  lo  decay,  .md  lor 
m.iii\ingol  \onng  iiiaideilj,  a:i,i  [niiling  bo\s  to  eiii- 
|)liuiiiei',;-. 

I'.irto,  or  UpoiM,  (HI  i!u'  ii\ir  noiiro,  ha;  a  cnii- 
modious  h.iib.iiir,  miK  li  li'e,]uenled  In  the  bnghlh: 
but  the  b.ir  ai  the  ciitraiiec  iu'.o  it  is  loiue'vvl.at  iLiniie- 


U       G       A 


roil'!.  Next  to  l.itbnn,  it  is  .i  city  oi' the  gieatell  opii- 
leiiee,  lieauty,  and  trade,  m  the  kingdom.  .At  the 
mouth  of  tile  river  i;  a  eallle  to  guard  it,  tailed  Sr. 
John's.  1  lerc  arc  fevcr.il  hofpitalsand  parilli  churches, 
befidcs  the  catlicdral,  many  convents,  a  mint,  federal 
courts  of  jullice,  and  the  fee  of  a  billiop.  Here  fs  an 
Mngiilli  fador),  coik  einid  in  the  wine  trade,  which  is 
very  conliderable,  inlonuK  hi  ha  tall  reil  w  iiies,  that  come 
I'lom  Spam  or  Portugal,  are  i  allcvl  por;  uincs.  The 
church  Dos  C'lerigos,  wiiich  is  liiu.iied  on  the  highell 
part  of  the  i  ity,  ferves  as  a  land-mark  to  jailors. 

(I'uimaranes,  a  fmall  but  ancient  to'.Mi,  is  cncom- 
palied  with  a  good  wall,  contains  leveral  con\e;i:s, 
hofpitals,  and  courts  of  juflii;'.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linen  and  line  thread,  and  is  defended  by  an  old 
eallle. 

Caminha  is  a  fortified  town  at  the  mouth  of  liie 
Minho;  \  alenea  is  a  llrong  town  on  tlvj  fame  river; 
Villa  de  Conde  is  a  lea-port  at.  tlie  mouth  of  the  .\\\-, 
with  a  llrong  eallle;  and  liari-ellos,  on  the  Cavadi;,  is 
t'ortilied  witli  a  wall  and  towers. 

\  ilia  No\,a  de  Carveira,  on  the  Minho,  is  \ull  ibr- 
tihed,  and  Point  de  Lima  is  an  hamlfome  town. 

\  i.ina  de  I'l /,  de  Lima  is  pleafantly  titiiated  near  t lie 
mouth  ot  the  Lima.  It  contains  feveral  courts  of  jui'- 
ti.  c,  cliiir;h.,;,  convents,  and  a  confuleralile  nia-ga/me; 
1 .  1  ;ri,e,  wiii  buiit,  and  llrong,  and  has  a  g'ud  harbjur, 
with  a  conlidera'lile  trade. 

TliePro\  incecn'T!'.  v-i  os-Mosri  s  hisTi'  tlieia  "o;;!i_ 
lleira  fi.',i:li,  l.i>nea'l,  .in,l  loiiie  iiio  iiu.i!,i>  we.!,  k 
is  i;.)  11'.;.'.  1  King,  N  J  la.i.i.l,  aInmtuK  i;i  gam:  .ui.l 
liuii;,  pii;du<,es  l;',jL  lUlie  eoiii,  U-.  uateied  by  tiie 
Doiiro,  ,uk1  coniaiiu 

Ihaiviir/a,  a  city  near  tlie  ri'.er  1  erveiiga,  at  tlie 
lAtremity  of  tlie  provin.e,  and  near  t!ie  bi'Tvlers  of 
Leon  and  d'.divia,  co;.:  en;  k'..:.il  co.nents,  a  good 
calUe,  has  ii  variety  of  liik  m:i:uda:lories,  ai''d  is  well 
loitiiied.  'J'he  anccllors  ot' tlie  prefent  ro;, al  I'anulv 
wcic  dukes  of  Iha;  a.i.'a,  lie!,  ;e  tl:ey  were  a^ivanceil 
ti^  the  thione,  in  the  [)erlon  of  Joim,  tiic  eigiiiii  duke. 
Thi.-.  town  is  fuppofeil  to  iiave  L'een  the  ;ineien:  Cx'iia 
Hriga,  Brigantia,  or  Brig.mtium. 

t.'h;ivcs,  a  Ih'ong  town  on  the  river  Taniega,  was 
built  bv  the  ein))eror  llavius  \efp,\lian,  and  called 
,\qu;\-  I'l.ivi-.v.  'i'here  is  llill  a  Ivoman  bridge  ol  llonc 
over  the  rameg;a,  with  other  niarK-.of  ant'entirran-lcur. 

\'ill.i-Re.il  ltan,ls  bet'.vcen  tiic  river  L'o'-go  ami 
Ribiia.  It  is  the  be;;  and  lar'',e!l  lovMi  c:  '.'  e  province, 
aiul  belongs  to  the  inianta.  1  liar  calK.d  'lieOi.l  I  vi-.vii 
is  fnrrouiided  bv  a  w.dl. 

?vliranda  de  Douro,  a  forliiied  town  on  t!  e  ("ii.iit'irs 
of  Spsiin,  fo  called  li'om  its  [ilealant  litu.ul.in  on  l',c 
luvitl.  fide  of  the  Dnuio,  i..  tile  fee  ot'  a  bifr.op,  a,.,l 
billing;  to  tlie  king. 

li,'i!i\  li;is  Span;i;i  Filraniadiir:'.  cad,  Portug.K'fe 
Lflr.iniadura  fouth,  the  O,  e,in  W'.'li,  and  I'.ntre-Dour;)- 
e-Miniio.md  l'rados-M,in;,  ,  no;  ;;i.  It  is  ;ih,)iii  14,) 
mills  c.ieii  u.i,,  Will  watere.l,  an,l  naturally  le, ,,'■.. 
The  moll  coiiliderahle  places  are 

t'o:mbra,  on  the  Munda,  over  which  it  ha;!ia  ,^  ;;,'- 
I',  tiiidg.e.  It  was  ancienllv  a  Rom.m  ciiKii. .  II  re 
.111  iiou  ii'.uiv  iiinvenis,  collei';es,  aiidi:hin\  lie-,  beii.ies 
till- ladie.h.il,  kvei.d  ,ourts  ol  ]ulliee,  an  uniwrlity, 
.ind  ihe  Ue  of  a  biihop,  who  is  count  ol'  .\rg.inil. 

Lanugo,  a  City  ne.ir  the  Douro,  1.  fiirrminded  with 
mount. uns,  lont. tins  feveral  co.ivent-,,  courts  ol  lultice, 
and  is  the   fee  of  a  billiop. 

\ifeu  lo  a  city  on  ii  Un.ili  river,   v.  ili.h  Kills  into  the 

.Mondego.     1  lerc  are  ftvciai  i.uiiv>.nts,  churches,  and 

<;  couris 


i  1    \ 


f 


tk)l4 


lit, 


^?:  ,^■  '!! 


i  "M 


<.i  I. 


88j 


A  Ni:\V.  ROVAl,  ANO  AUTlIF.N'Tk    SYSrl'M  or  UMVF.RSAI,  (;i  (K7U M'lIV. 


court?  ol  iiilliti-.      T! 


gan 


to  th 


I'  arch 
Hra 


hi  11 1 


.1  H 


illuip 
r.iuii. 


)t  this 


r 


CalUlKv  Hranro  is  a  tou  n  «  itli  a  la 


ai. 


fulVi 


lontaininj'a 


ilatilv  palaic  ot'  ihc  bilhop  ol  (JiiarJa;   Alinniia  is  a 


i'ortiiii'il  town,  mar    the    rixir  C'oa; 


1' 


cnaicuu'or  is  a 


ilronjt    tovMi  oil  the  Spaiiilli  iVniiticrs;  and  Avtrioha, 
a  good  harbour,  and  a  great  lalt  trade. 


Tl 


the ! 


U'  I   IO\  nil  ('  o 

ami.  liroad 


f  A 


:  rv  n  lo  is  i 


tiTIilc 


1-vo 


la,  ai  it\  m  w 


huh 


:o  miles  long,  nearly 
foil,  and  i-oniams 

uilpitals. 


iro  u\eral  tluin  lu-.v 


courts  ot  iiilliie,  lonvent.-.,  a  cathedral,  aiui  uni\ir- 
fitv.  It  1.S  a  fee  of  an  anhhilhop,  deleiuied  liy  a  lort 
and  other  works,  ami  is  lamed  tor  the  inlhtution  ot 
the  orde;  ot  Aus,  anfwenng  to  tliat  of  L'alatrava  in 
opain. 

I'orta'.ogre  is  a  forti fu-d  city,  about  i  o  miles  from 
the  Spanilh  frontier.  I  Ktc  are  I'lveral  courts  of  jul- 
tiee,  tbinitams,  convents,  and  *lu:rel".es,  lie!idi>  the 
catlicdral,  a  manuthctory  of  coarfe  woollen  cloth,  ami 
the  lee  of  a  billiop. 

Elvas,  a  cit\-  with  a  callle,  and  other  fortilieations, 
is  the  fee  o|'  a  bilhop.  The  neighlwunng  lountry  i> 
pleafant,  and  fruiitul  in  wine  and  oil. 

lieja  is  a  iliikednni,  and  contai!is  fe\era!  i  lnn\  i'.es, 
co'.irisof  jiilliee,  andcon\ents. 

\'illa-\  ieofa,  i.  e.  the  Dclightlul  Town,  Co  c.illed 
from  its  hcaiit)  ,and  that  ot  the  adiacent  country,  con- 
tains feveral  convents,  a  lUltcK  ro\al  palace,  eiiiliel- 
Iill'.ed  with  a  fine  park,  and  a  lining  caitle. 

Avis  belongs  to  an  ord.er  which  takes  its  name  IVoiii 
it;  L'amjio-Mavor  is  well  fortilied  ;  {)liveiii,a  has  a 
ftrong  calV.c;  and  Moura  is  a  fortilied  town,  r.ear  the 
Ciuadiana. 

Lftrcmaz  contair.s  fiNcral  eh'.irchcs  and  con'.ent;, 
and  IS  (irongl;.  fortilied. 

The  I'rovincc  of  Aicarvf  is  bounde.i  to  the  loi:th 
and  well  by  the  Ocean;  to  thecal!  In  i!n d.iadiana, 
which  parts  it  from  Andaliilia;  and  to  tic  nurth  by 
the  mountains,  called  Serra  dc  Mgarve,  or  ( 'al.'eirao, 
and  .Serra  de  Monachique,  which  di\i;le  it  from  Aleii- 
tC'O;  Its  grearel^  length  being  about  i  .-:o  miles,  but  its 
breadth  onlv  about  ;S.  I:s  name  is  of  N'lo.inlh  c  \- 
traction.  Thtuigh  mountainous,  it  is  very  fer;i!e  in 
corn,  wine,  oil,  and  all  forts  ol  lri::'s.  'I'he  principal 
j'lace*;  a.-'c  tlic  follow  im,'  : 

Lagos  is  a  tow  n  w  ith  a  harbour,  on  a  large  bay,  about 
no  miles  fomh  t'rom  Lilbon.  ILrearc  feveral  consents 
and  courts  of  uillice,  and  two  iorts. 

Tavir.i,  a  city  lituatui  on  a  bav,  at  the  mouth  oi 
the  river  Sc\;ua,  I'.r.b  a  callle  lor  its  defence,  fc\eral 
convents,  and  a  harbour  guariled  by  two  torts. 

l-'aro,  a  city  liluated  on  a  bav,  and  well  tortilied, 
with  an  harbour  and  callle,  contains  feveral  convent-, 
and  is  the  fee  of  a  hilliop. 

\'illa  Nova  ile  I'ortiinao  ftands  oti  a  river,  in  the 
(lillrictof  l.agos,  where  it  ha^  a  f|  acKnis  harbour,  de- 
fended by  two  fort:-. 

The  Province  of  F.'t?s  ■,  m.mm  p.a  i,  bounded  on  the 
wc.'l.bv  the  lea,  on  the  north  .ind  call  bv  Heira,  and 
on  the  louth  In  Alentcjo.  It  is  no  miles  long,  (-o 
broad,  well  watired,  ami  tertile,  producing  corn,  wine, 
oil,  millet,  piilfe,  and  truits  of  all  forts,  efpcciallv 
citrons,  linion-, 
and  almond.. . 

I.dhon,  llandmg  near  the  mouth  of  the  ri-  '•  Tagus 
f:;;i  became  (onliderabie  in  the  reij'.n  of  king  .  oiaiuiel. 
1-roni  that  time  a  has  been  the  capital  of  the  kingdom, 
the  relitlence  ot  its  inonanhs,  the  feat  of  the  <  hief 
tribunal:,  and  oHiccs,  of  the  metrojiolitan,  a  noble 
univcrlitv,  and  the  receptacle  of  the  richell  men  han- 
dizc  of  the  I'lafl  and  \\\\\  Indies.  Its  air  is  exi  ■■lleiu, 
being  retnlhed  by  the  delightlul  fe.i-bree/e-.,  and  thole 
of  the  Tagus.  Like  old  Rcjine  u  Ihuicf,  on  i\-\c\\  hills, 
(ireat  part  of  it  was  ruined  In-  an  cartluiiiake,  on  \o- 
VLinber  i,   1755.   Jt  IfiH  contains  magnilicent  p;ilace  , 


(  hiircnes,  ami  puoiu 


buiKlings.      Its  liiuation 
from  the   lagiis  in  the  form  ot  a  crcfcent)   rend 
ajipearance    at   ome  delightlul   and    fupi-rb;  audit 


(rifing 

CIS   Us 


ihli 


r\eilh  ac'oim 


tCil 


•atell 


port  in  Lui 


IS 


to  London  and  Amilerdam.     Tl'.e  harbour 


d    1; 


d  the 


;tv   I 


tfclf 


IS  giiarde 


.1    I 


:  •.  next 
fpa.  ioii^ 
roni  aiiv 


Imldcn   attack   tmvards   the  lea  by  lort>;  though  th(-y 
would  make  but  a    poor  deteiue  againll  lliips  of  w 


\\\   ihat   part    ol  the  city  that  was  di-molillied   bv  tl 


ic 
earihi]uake  is  jilaniieil  out  in  .1  regular  liirni.  .Sonu: 
liin.iies  and  m.iin  llreets  are  built.  The  hoiifes  are 
loliv,  elegai-ir,  ,ind  uniform,  and  make  a  biauiiml  an. 
ptarame.  Litbon  is  fupplicil  vMth  aliuolt  all  t!u-  waiir 
w  fill  h  Is  iifed  bv  the  inhabitants  by  me.in-.  ol  .m  .1  luc- 
diKt,  in  the  valley  of   Alcantara. 

Lilbon  wasdivided,  about  he  year  17,-6,  into  two 
)i,irts,  under  the  names  ot  the  Orie.it  il  part,  and  ()c. 
cidental  part.  Thi-.  divltion  was  made  on  occalion  of 
the  creation  ol  tin- [>atr:an  h,  whole  dim  i  I'e  conliiK  of 
the  Oil  idental  part,  and  the  art  hbilhoj)  has  rt'taincil 
the  Oriental.  Sime  this  partition  ilu-  inhabitants  aio 
obliged,  under  |\iin  ol  nullity,  to  exprefs,  in  all  arrets, 
the  part  of  the  toun  in  whu  h  they  have  pafl'ed  exa't. 
Merchants  alio  dillinguilh  it  in  their  HilK  of  exchani'-e 
a'ul  letters. 

We  Ihall  (oni  bid'-  our  defcription  of  I.illxin  with 
the  lollouin;!  riinarks  on  the  dreadful  earthc]uake  be- 
tore  alliideil  to.  ".Asl.iras  I  can  ludt'cf  (avs  the  w  riter) 
.itrer  having  walked  the  whole  morning,  and  the  wliolc 
afternoon,  about  thefe  ruins,  lb  much  of  Lilbon  has 
been  dellro\ed,  as  would  make  a  town  more  than  twice 
as  great  as  I'lirin.  In  fiich  a  fpare  nothing  is  to  befeeti 
bur  vail  heaps  of  rubbilb,  out  of  which  arife,  in  num- 
berlefs  pla.  es,  the  miferable  remains  of  In  ittered  walls, 
aiid  broken  pillars.  .Mong  a  llreet,  which  is  full  lour 
miles  In  lenL-.tii,  liarcely  a  building  Itood  thiC  11  jck ; 
and  i  k\-,  lv,  the  materials  in  the  rubbilli,  tliar  m.uiy 
of  the  houfes  along  tliat  llreet  muO  ha\e  been  lary.o 
and  llately,  and  intermixed  wiili  noble  (hurches,  and 
<ither  public  edifices;  nay,  by  the  >]uantities  of  marble 
Icattered  on  c\er\  lide,  it  plainly  ajijx'ars  that  one- 
tourth,  at  le.i!(,  ol  lfi.it  llreet  was  eiuircK'  built  of 
liKuble.  'l"he  lai'x;  01  ihe  carthi]uake  feems  !■)  have 
turned  ihiclly  a;\iinll  tli.il  long  llreet,  as  almoll  everv 
edifice,  on  either  lide,  i,,  in  a  manner,  levelled  with 
the  ground;  whereas  in  other  part-  of  the  town,  many 
hollies,  churche-,  .ind  other  buildings,  are  left  ll.m  I- 
ing  ;  though  .,!!  fo  ihattercd,  .is  not  to  bi-  repaiicil 
without  great  exnence:  nor  is  there,  ilir.iugho.it  the 
whole  town,  a  lincrle  building  ot  a-..  !.:;',1,  but  what 
wciiis  \ilible  marl,   of  the  horrible  10-  Miion." 

I  eua  IS  a  pojHilo;.'^  citv,  at  th.e  conlhix  01  the  Li.s 
iind  l.ana  ;  Setus.il  is  a  llrong,  \vell  tortilied  town,  :i) 
niil.s  tiiiith  of  Lilbon  ;  S;interein,  i>n  li^c'  'lagii-,  is  a 
]>Ku  cot  good  tr.uie;  ,i:.d  Sintra,  litii  I'ed  bv  the  cape 
tl'.at  bears  the  fame  name,  i--  fupnofed  to  hsve  the  molt 
falubiious  air  of  .iiv,-  plai  e  in  I'. irtiigal. 

S  1-,  C    1    1  o  \     ill. 

(.hdra.in-,    Vnjcii!,    Pin's,   Ikncr/^yy    Tit'rs,    A'.'/7:'.-';7, 
jMuiuifj.'iiires,    CTc. 

Till"  Protiigttel'e  are  interior  to  I'r.c  Spaniards 
bii'h  in  pei'-m  .md  genius;  .^nd ''vv,i.,ih  ionnerly 
lunie  of  tlieiu  have  lliewn  theiiilelw  •,  liiave  ;tnd  war- 
like, upon  (  ertain  o;-c.ilions,  yit  their  nuuril  (  harac- 
uriltic-i  are  craft,  treaelKr-.',  iiiiilici-,  h  iiiyhtinefs,  cru- 
elty, avaiii  e,  and  a  dif[io!'i  ion  tut.'.llv  \  ;i!  ii:ti\e.  I  hey 
have  ufii.iii;,  d.iik  hai'-,  lilaek  fp:irkli!i,,,  e- ,--,  and  olive 
complexions.  Tiie  drel's  ot'ihe  men,  aniom;  the  com- 
mon people,  is  a  la'.-;.'c  cloak  and  llomlied  hat.  I!e- 
neaih  the  cloak  t!v.-v  i.f',';i!K-  c  arr\  a  daiiu'er,  thoii;;h  ilu 
ufe  ol"  thiit  Inacheroiis  wcaj-i;-:  is  |-r.i!i''vted.  'I'l.e 
vuiiiirn  ilrefs  their  luads  in  a  lei-ci.-l,  lii'  \n':C:,  in 
lieu  of  a  cap.  With  a  ;-li'il  beSuil,  and  ;i  rdibon  tied 
wirh  a  bow  knot  osullir  liir.liC.id.  Tlu';.-  likewilc 
vear  l.uvy  lleeves,  heaw  pi,i''-Mi:s    in  t'-'-:r  car-,  an.l 

enormou  • 


•  ii.i. 

S;r;; 

thi 

the 

km; 

pou 

pre, 

t,l  1 

t!ie 

.S,u. 

l!ie' 

and 

(     h 

n.,u 

\  ir 

nl 

hin 

the 

Upo 

icl 

llki 


>* 


Hiini'iiv. 

Its  liniatioii  (riflnjT 
Klicm)  ii'mlci-s  Us 

aiui     liipilll;    ;llu|    it    is 

1  pori  in  l''.iii  .1.  ■,  nc\t 
'l-.i-  hailxiiir  is  !'p,i,  iijiis 
is  tjuaikk'J  trmii  aiiv 
by  lort'^;  thoiif^K  tiny 

againll  (liijis  of  «.ii-. 
\as  licmiiliiln'il  In  tl,i; 
ri'i!;iilar  fDim.  Snnu: 
iiilt.     'I  In-  h. mil's   aro 

inakia  liiaiiilnij  .ip- 
ii!i  .iliuiilt  all  t':c  waur 

.   mtaiis  ul  .u\  ,1  inc. 

ic  vcar  i7;<),  into  two 
Oric.ita!  part,  atul  (.\-. 
IS  inai.li'  <)!i  oi  faliim  dt 
.  hull'  ili<m  li'  LOiuiit-,  111 
111  hhilhop  has  i\'taiiu\l 

on  ilu'  iiihal'iiaiits  aio 
()  fxprcfs,  if!  all  arrets, 

hty  have  pallli.1  i-\-a  t. 
their  Bills  ol\xclianj^'c 

niitioii  of  l.iilion  V jrh 
Iri'aJ.tiil  carthiinaki'  ln-- 
11  |iKiL'i';rays  ;ho  uriti'r) 
iiornin;;,  aihi  ihc  wh.olc 
To  iiMirh  ot  l.il!)on  h.as 
a  tow  II  more  than  twii  c 
aci-  tiiithing  is  to  hi-lcin 
)t  which  anil',  in  nimi- 
iiains  ot'  ill  ittcrcit  walls, 
lh\i-r,  whitli  is  t'lill  ii)ur 
liliiing  llooji  tlu'  11  xk; 
till  r.ibliilli,  tliar  many 
t  111':!^  have  hcin  lar;',c 
ith  iiohlc  chiirihcs,  and 
the  i]iiantities  of  nuirhlc 
ainly  appears  that  oiii'- 
■t  was  cntirily  built  of 
irtlupiake  fcitus  t)  have 
i;  Itri'i't,  as  almoll  everv 
a  manner,  levilliil  witli 
[laits  (if  the  tow  n,  many 
■miKlin;_',s,  are  lelt  llan  1- 
,  as  not  to  be  lepaiii'il 
s  there,  tliroiighout  the 
ot'  a-v.  !:!nJ,  but  \vhat 
■ibleto"  miion." 
.  tlu-  idiilUix  oi  the  l.i.s 
;,  vvvll  lortilR'.i  toun,  :!> 
rem,  on  the  'l'a;;us,  is  a 
a,  litii'.teil  bv  th,'  cape 
ippoleil  to  i'.ive  ti'.e  molt 
'.ir!i:;.^al. 

I   \      III. 

■norflry  Til'rs,  A'.'//;';:-.', 
r,    cr.-. 

erior  :o  :!•.•  Sp.niariK 
!s;  r.Mii  •''v>\:"j!  lurmerlv 
enile!»'  .  !ira\e  ami  war- 

i  L  their  11  lUir  il  i  Iiarae- 
lalii  r,  hiuyhtinefs,  cni- 
t;'!.'!!'.'  \:n  iuti'.i'.  I  hee 
fpirklin;;  e'.  .'s,  ami  i>live 
if  men,  nnioni^  thetoiu- 
aiiii  l!  lu.  !ieil  hat.  I?e. 
rr'.  a  i!aui,er,  thouoji  ilu 
0-1   is   |T,ih''iiteil.     'fi.e 

iiei-Mo'L  till  pi'ilV,  i:i 
'nil. I,  ami  a  r.bboii  tieii 
iniieail.  'I'liey  likewil'i' 
i'liKs  in  th'ir  eur-,  an.l 
tuoriiH'i: 


I'.uRorr.] 


V    ()     R     T     U     G      \     1.. 


83j 


tnormous  nori^:;ays.  Rut  it  is  to  be  oIiumm- i,  that  the 
nobility  .Hill  nentrv,  of  both  fexes,  iiuliiie  to  .m  imita- 
lioiiol  thi' IreiK  h  lalluons. 

'Che  kiiii'i's  titles  are  "  Kir.i^  of  l'ortu;.;al  ami  the 
Alj;arvts,  on  this  liJe  anil  the  other  liile  the  lea  ot 
Afiiia;  loril  of  (iuinea,  ami  ol  the  navigation,  con- 
tjiiills,  ami  eommerce,  in  luhiopia,  Arabia,  I'erlia, 
liiilia,  ^:e."  I'he  king's  elilell  liiu  is  IliKil  prinee  of 
IJia/.il.  In  the  year  l-^i)  |iope  liennikl  \\\  .  ilii;ni- 
tiul  the  kini^  Willi  the  title  of  his  Moll  laithtul 
Majelly. 

'ilu-  tHabliilieJ  religion  of  Portugal  is  Poperv  in 
the  llrietell  lenfe.  Tlv  I'ortiiguefe  have  a  patriareh; 
but  tormeili  he  ilepemleil  on  ilie  po])e  cntirel) ,  unlefs 
\tlu  n  a  lua,  rel  lublilleil  between  the  courts  of  Uotiie 
.iiiil  1  illiiin.  'i  i'.e  powir  of  lii.s  liolinefs  in  Portugal  is 
noii  111  mil,  h  curtail,  il,  that  it  is  ditlicult  to  delcribe 
the  iiliiiou.  Ilateot  that  coiintrv.  The  power  ot' the 
in,)uilit!on  IS  laken  oMt  ot  the  haiuls  of  the  eci  ieli.illi,  >, 
anil  appropriate,!  to  llale  conuiien  e.  'I'he  patnar.  !i  ui 
l.ilbon  Is  ireiierall)  a  caiJinal,  .iiul  a  perli.ii  ol  tne 
highel!  binh. 

Liurfe  lilks,  woollen  i  loths,  an, I  linen,  are  the  prin- 
cipal manufaoiiires  ot'  Portugal;  but  tlie  commerce, 
particularlv  witli  I'jigkuul,  in  *iine,  truit,  ami  fait,  is 
very  conliilerable. 

As  to  the  co)il!i:ution  ol  Portu'a!,  ir  is  an  abliilute 
hereilifary  monaril',\.  Hoih  here  a;', 1  in  Spain  there 
were  aiicientl\  cortvs,  iKitc.,  or  parliainents ;  but  thev 
have  Imig  liiuc  enliieU  lull  their  llia'e  in  the  legilla- 
tiire.  lor  the  ailminillration  of  tl'.e  civil  government 
there  i.>  a  ccinol  of  It.iie,  an, I  le\eral  fecrctaries;  lor 
military  allairs  a  i  oumil  of  war;  tor  the  linunces  a 
treafur\ -court,  ami  lor  the  ilillribution  of  jullice  fe- 
vcial  high  tribunab-,  with  others  fubonlinate  to  them, 
ill  the  fewial  ibl'iu'.s  into  wliich  the  kingdom  is  di- 
vided. '1  f.e  lilies  have  their  particular  magillracv. 
'I  he  proceedings  of  tiie  courts  are  regulated  bv  the 
Uoiiian  law,  the  loval  cIk;..,  ihe  canon  law,  aiul  il-.e 
pope's  mandate'. 

The  :e\eiuie.s  ol  t!ic  crown,  lime  the  ilifcover\ of 
the  Hra/.il  mines,  are  very  lonliderable;  but  the  real 
amount  can  oiiK  be  gikHed  at.  lielides  the  royal  ile- 
iiielncs,  the  hcredit.iry  illatci  of  the  lioufe  of  Hragan- 
/.i,  the  monopoli  ol  Hr.i/il  fnull',  the  coinage,  the  fifth 
ot  ;lie  gold  hrou'j,lu  Ironi  lini/il,  if.e  tarm  ot  the  Hra- 
/;l  diain.ir.ds,  the  malUilliips  of  the  oiilers  ol  knighl- 
I'.cjod,  aiiil  oiiitr  founes,  \  leld  \eiy  large  lunus. 

s  i:  L  T  I  O  N     IV, 


IirM'DKV  o;    Si'AlN 


PORTLCAl,. 


IT  is  gentrall)  fuppole,!  that  Spain  uaslirll  piopled 
fiiiiiiCiaul,  I,)  w  hk  h  ins  contiguous  ,  or  from  Al- 
iica,  liom  u  Ilk  11  It  is  only  fepai.ited  b\  the  narrow- 
Strait  ot  tiibiakar.  Ihe  Phii'iiicians  lent  colonies 
thither,  aiul  bu.l:  Ca,!i/.  ami  M.ilaga.  Ai'terw.ird.s,  upon 
the  rife  of  Rome  and  (.'arthage,  the  poliellion  ot  this 
kmgdoni  becaiiK  .m  object  of  contention  between  thole 
powerful  republics;  but  at  length  the  Reman  arms 
jirewiilcd,  and  Spain  remained  in  their  poliellion  un- 
til the  t.ill  of  tl'.at  empire,  when  it  became  a  prey  to 
the  (ioths.  Thcf-,  m  tlieir  turn,  were  invaded  by  tl.e 
Saracens,  who,  about  the  7th  centur\,  ha,!  polfell'id 
tliemfebes  ot  tlie  liiiell  kingdoms  ot  Alia  aivl  Alrica; 
and  not  i ontent  with  the  imnienfe  regions  tliat  formerly 
<  'iiipofed  great  part  of  the  .Ml'vrian,  (iicek,  and  Ro- 
man empires,  thev  crolled  the  Mcditerr.inean,  iv,\agcd 
^pain,  and  ellaltlilliei,  ihcmfeUes  in  ilic  fjutherly  pro- 
vim  es  of  the  kingdom. 

The  firll"  Spanilh  prince,  meiuioae,!  in  the  liilhuy 
nl  this  couiitrv ,  w.is  Don  Pekigo,  w  lio  dilliiiguillK,! 
himfelf  agaiiill  thcfe  infklels  (al'terw.uds  knouii  b\ 
the  name  of  Moors)  and,  about  the  \car  720,  took 
upon  hiiiifell  ihe  title  of  king  ol  Aiidria.  1  lis  fuc- 
celii's  animated  other  Chrilli;in  primes  to  take  arms 
likewife;  :iiid  the  two  kingdoms  of  Spain  and  Portu- 

Ni).  Si. 


gal,  lor  many  ages,  wcic  |-)erp(tiial!y  cmliroile.l  in 
bloody  wars.  In  the  mean  time  e\ery  a.lventiirer  was 
entitled  tr)  the  cnni]iie(ls  he  made  upon  the  Moors,  till 
Spaui  was  at  iafl'divided  into  twelve  king.lom, ;  and, 
about  the  year  1095,  Henry  of  IJiiigundyVa  .declared, 
bv  the  king  ol  Leon,  count  of  Portugal;  but  his  Ion 
Mphonib  threw  oil'  his  ikpcikiem  e  on  Icon,  and 
declared  himfilf  king.  A  I'erics  i^'  brase  princes 
gave  the  Moor,  repeated  overthrows  in  Spain  till 
about  ihe  year  1  t75,  when  all  the  Spanilli  kiln  donis, 
Portugal  exceji'ed,  were  united  by  the  marriage  ot" 
I-cnlinand,  king  of  .\riagoii,  and  Ifabella,  the  iicir- 
cfs,  and  afterwards  iiueeii,  of  L'allilc,  who  took 
dranada,  and  expelled  the  Moors  and  Jews  out  of 
Sjiain.  This  expullion  greatly  depo[iulated  the  ( oun- 
try  of  artills,  laliourers,  and  maniitai:turers ;  and  the 
difcovery  of  America  (winch  ha[''ptned  a  few  vears 
attcrl  not  only  added  to  that  calaii;ity,  but  reii,|ered 
the  rrmaining  Spaniards  moll  ilenloiably  indolent. 
Toiomplete  their  misfortunes,  leidinandand  llabella 
introduced  the  jjopilh  inquilition,  with  all  its  horrors, 
into  their  doniinions,  aj  a  faleguard  againll  the  return 
ol  the  Moors  and  Jews. 

lerdinand  wa.s  fuci  ceded  by  his  grandfon  C'harlc'  \'. 
of  the  hoiill'  of  Aullria,  atieruards  cniperor  ot  (ier- 
niany.  The  extenlive  polfellions  of  the  houfe  of 
Aulln.i,  in  1  uiopc,  Africa,  and  above  all,  .\merica, 
Iroin  whence  lie  dreu'  imnienfe  treafures,  beg.in  to 
alarm  the  |ealouf)  of  neighbouring  [irinees,  but  could 
not  fitisty  t!ie  ambition  ol'  Charles.  He  w.is  alninll 
lonllantly  engaged  in  lorrign  wars,  or  with  his  Pro- 
tellant  fubjeets  in  Ciermany,  whom  he  in  vain  attenijit- 
ed  to  brii'.g  back  to  the  Catholic  church.  At  length, 
altera  long  and  turbulent  reign,  he  refolve.l  to  with- 
draw himlelf  entirely  from  any  concern  in  wiirldly  af- 
fairs, in  order  that  he  might  fpeiid  the  remainder  of 
his  days  in  retirement  and  folitude.  In  conf,  .|iie.ice  of 
this  refoliition,  he  religned  Sjiam  .iiid  the  Netherland.s 
to  his  i'on  Piiilip  II.  but  ould  not  prevail  on  tl-.e 
princes  of  d'ermany  to  elect  him  emperor,  which  ho- 
nour they  conlerred  on  I-'erdinand,  Charles's  broilier, 
dividing  the  dangerous  power  of  the  houfe  of  Aullria 
w  ith  two  branches.  Spain,  with  all  its  polleliions  in 
Africa  and  the  New  World,  alio  the  Netherlands,  and 
fome  Italian  llates,  reniaineil  with  the  elder  branch; 
whilll  the  empire,  1  lung.arv,  and  Bohemia,  lell  to  ihc 
lot  ol   the  voLinger. 

Philip  11.  inheriiedall  his  fatlier'.;  vices,  but  poireli- 
ed  tew  of  his  good  iiualities.  I  le  was  aullere,  haugh- 
ty, immoderauK  ambitious,  an  1  through  his  whole 
lite  a  cruel  bigot  in  the  caule  of  p.opery.  He  married 
Mary,  iiiieen  of  I'.iigland,  an  unt'eeling  bigot  like  him- 
leli;  and  alter  her  death,  he  paid  his  addrell'es  to  her 
tiller  I'-li/.abeth,  but  will-out  fuccefs.     His  refentmenr. 


on  thi.s  account,  produced 


difadvanta^'eous  wars 


with  that  princefs,  which  occalioned  t!ie  revolt  and 
lofs  of  the  United  Provinces.  But  in  Portugal  he  was 
more  I'uccel.ful.  That  kingdom,  alter  being gaiverned 
b\  a  race  ol  \vifeaiid  brave  jirinces,  lell  to  SebalHaii 
about  the  \ear  1  ^57.  Sebaltian  lolt  his  life,  and  a  line 
army,  in  .1  headlirong,  unjull,  and  ill-co:v:ertcd  ex- 
pedition againll  the  Moors  in  Africa;  and  foon  after 
Phillip  uivted  Portugal  to  his  oan  dominions  though 
the  Braii;';anza  famil)  of  Poriiigal  pretended  to  a  prior 
right.  15}  this  acpiilition  Spam  became  ■polielled  of 
the  Ponuguefe  fe'.tlemeiUs  in  India,  fome  of  which  llx 
llill  retains. 

The  dcfi  endantsof  Philip  proved  to  be  very  .»eak 
lirinces;  but  Philip,  and  his  fathei,  had  fo  totally 
ruined  the  ancient  liberties  of  Spain,  that  thev  reigned 
almoll  unmolelk'd  in  their  own  dominions.  Their  vicc- 
ro\s,  however,  were  at  once  fo  tyrannie.il  and  inlolent 
over  the  Poituguefe,  that  in  the  jear  1114?,  the  nohi- 
litv  of  that  naiioii,  by  a  well-conducied  ccnfpiracy, 
expelled  their  tyrants,  and  pl.u  ed  iheduke  of  Bragan/.a 
on  the  throne,  by  the  ti.le  of  John  1\'.  ever  llnce 
whiih  Portugal  h.e>  been  a  dilhnct  kingdom  from 
Siiam. 

10  P  Tlv 


i%6 


\  NKW,  R()V\I.  .*Nn  AUTlIFNTk   -^srF^T  or  UNI\'Frts.\I.  CFOCRVPUV 


m 


Till' kines  of  Spam,  oi  thr  Auniiaii  lini-,  f.\iliti)',  in 
tlu-  [Hilo'i  ot  C'h.iili.^  11.  who  Kit  IK)  illiic,  i'liilip, 
duke  ot  Aiiimi,  Icioiul  Ion  to  tin- ilauphin  ot  1  r.in>  i-, 
anil  f;r.>niilon  to  l.cwii  \l\ .  iiuwntkil  the  throne,  In 
virtue  ol'his  preiiceclior  :>  will,  in  tiie  ii.inieol  I'iiihp  \'. 
anno  i-oi.  Altera  lon^  ami  Woojy  lhuj;gK'  «uh  tl.e 
(iernian  hranth  ot  the  houlc  ot"  \iillna,  liipix)rteil  liy 
Fiij^lanJ,  lie  \ia.-:  eondrnieii  in  his  lii^nity  at  the  con- 
(I'.itionot  the  peace  ot  L'tre(lu,in  the  \ca<'  i  i;;  ami 
tlul^  1  I  uis  \1\  .  thr<n:}.;h  a  nialh  tl'>  train  ot  [xiiitK-i, 
aeeoinplilhed  his  lavoimte  pro|e^t  ot  transtenin^;  the 
kingiloni  ot  Spain,  with  all  Us  ritii  pollillioni  in 
AiiieiKaanil  the  Katt  liuiies,  tronithe  hoiil'e  ot  Aiilliia 
to  that  ot'  his  own  tamih  ot  Hoiubon  i  anc\ent  whieh 
has  proved  verv  pre|ii(liLial  to  the  coinniene  ot  llreat 
Hritain,  tlpctially  id  the  Spanitli  Ainerieaii  leitle- 
iiunts. 

Fhilip,  after  a  lont;  and  turhiilent  reign,  died  i:i 
1746,  and  was  tiu  leede.l  In  h:s  liin  lerdmand  \  I. 
V  ho  ilied  111  I -;i)  without  ilVue.  I'erdinand  wa-.l'iK- 
eeeiied  In  his  Inotiier  Charles  111.  the  preleiit  reij^nm^ 
luonareh  of  Sfiain. 

The  I'orluguele  Kuild  not  have  fiijiported  them- 
felvcs  under  their  revolt  troni  Spain,  had  not  the 
latter  power  been  engafj;(d  in  wars  with  luigland  and 
Ilolland;  .\ni\,  upon  the  rcltoratioii  of  Charles  II. 
king  ot  Fngland,  that  priiue  having  married  a 
priiieefs  of  Portugal,  prevaileil  with  the  irown  ot 
Spain,  in  iftdS,  to  gi\e  up  all  pretenl'ons  to  that 
kingiloni.  Alphonli),  fon  to  J"hii  1\.  wa.s  then  kin:_; 
of  Pormgal.  lie  had  the  iiiisfn  tune  to  difagree  with 
hi.s  wite  ami  his  brotiier  Peter,  and  thcv  uniting  tin  r 
interelh,  not  only  forced  Alplionlo  to  relign  hi:,  crinui, 
but  obtained  a  difpenlatioii  tuim  the  pope  lor  their 
marriage  hiih  was  actually  conlliminatid.  'I  he\ 
had  a  daughter  i  but  I'eter,  by  a  lei  oiid  marriage,  had 


Ions,  the  rideft  ot  wl  .111  v. .u  John,  his  lure  !lrr,  .tm.I 
t.ither  to  his  late  Portu  i.ele  iiiaiell,.  John,  like  his 
Irher,  |iniied  the  grand  lonlidetaiy  loiliiid  ly  kiiv; 
William;  but  neither  ot  tl'cm  were  ol  much  I'erviie 
in  humbling  the  pinu  r  iit  I'raiKe.  On  the  lontrari, 
tluy  had  almotl  imnedthe  allies,  li\  oiialioniiig  the 
lots  of  the  great  battle  ot  Alman/a,  in  10  ■. 

Jr<hn  died  in  i->0,  and  was  lueieedcd  bv  hn  (vt\ 
joKph,  who,  in  I  ('(»,  was  aitai  ked  b'  .iirallins,  and 
narrowly  f  leaped  vMth  his  lite.  Iroiii  this  lonlpiracv 
Is  dated  the  expullion  of  the  jefuits  (ulio  weiefii|), 
polid  to  have  been  at  ;|-.e  bottom  of  u;  tioin  all  pans 
ot  tie  Poriuguelc  dominions.  J.'feph  having  no  Inn, 
his  cldi  It  daughter  was  married,  by  difpcnlation  trom 
the  poi)e,  to  Don  Pedro,  her  own  umle,  to  prevent 
the  crown  falling  intoa  foreign  family ;  and  the  next 
Near,  17M,  llie  vvas  brought  to  bed  ot  a  foil,  called 
the  prince  nf  !).Mr.i. 

When  the  v.  r  broke  out  between  iMigl.ind  and 
Spam,  111  17');,  'he  Spaniards,  and  tiicir  allies  tin- 
I-ieiuh,  pieteiiJe.I  to  force  Jofph  into  their  alliuni  i, 
and  togarnlun  l.i.  ua-tuwr.i  againit  the  Fiij-'lilli  with 
their  troops.  1  |;e  king  of  I'ortugal  reiieted  this 
(iropofal,  and  ih\  !.ir  •il  warag.iinll  the  Spaniards,  who, 
wiihout  reli:l.r.. .-,  enierid  Portugal  with  a  eonlide- 
r.iblearniy,  v.l.iiea  wl.o'e  both' of  I'ren.  h  threateticj 
.inotheniiiar'.er.  Hi;t,  by  liie  ;»rilt:mce  of  tlie  l'.n;',lilh, 
an  elieOtiial  I'np  wa-  put  tothc  iliva!ioii,  andagciieial 
p<  ai  e   was   ciKuluded,    ai    l\'ii;ain'.'.leau,  in  the  ve.tr 


1-6,. 

Jok'i^h  dird  (in  the 
wa^  fucceeded  In   Ins  i 
l.i,    princels  ot    Ht. 
m.li  Hid    her    uiii  le 
I'lo  are   now    the  ; 
iloiiiinions. 


.1  iif  1  ebniarv,   177"",    and 

Iter,  M.iry   iTances  llalnl- 

il      S'le  was   bill  n  in    17J4,  and 

bun    I'edi)   in    1  •  do  ;     and   thel-- 

lilt   l'o\e:'.:''ns    ol   the    PoiuiuLUelo 


C     II     A     V 


XVI. 


I ,' 


\  4 


1 1  i -!:♦!# 


* 


SWITZERLAND,  or   SW'ISSKRLAXI). 


s  !•:  C  T  I  t)  X     I. 

B',u:d.;r;!S,    l.xtcii:,     Cliiii.ite,    Scil,     Rivfrf,    Lakes, 

I'cgiiiiLte  aiiii.lmmiil  PiOiiu^iions,  is,. 

Tins  country  fthe  Helvetia  of  the  am  ients)  is 
bounded  on  the  north  hv  Suabia,  in  (iernianv; 
on  the  foiith  bv  feveral  territories  in  Italv -,  on  the 
calMiy  'I'vrol  and  Aullrui;  and  on  the  well  bv  Bur- 
gundy, and  o'her  parts  ot   i'rance. 

Here  it  is  to  be  obferscd,  that  niodern  gcogta]ihers 
give  the  name  of  Suit/erland  to  all  the  t  nuntries 
lituated  bciueen  Irante,  Cjcrmany,  and  Italv,  and 
inhabited  notuiil,  b.  theSwits,  proi)erlv  fo  lalled,  or 

or  fub- 


aiuci 


the  Thirteen  (.'anroiis,  but  other  Hate; 
irifls,  of  the  (irand  Ml  Ke;ii   Bodv. 

S\Mi/.cil.uid  belli;.',  a  mountainous  rountrv,  hing 
upon  the  Alp',  the  tVolb  are  conlVqiiently  bitter  in 
the  vs'intcr,  the  hills  being  covered  with  fnow  fome- 
times  all  the  year  lonar.  l:i  lumnicr  the  inequality  of 
the  foil  renders  th.e  iai.ie  province  very  unequal  in  its 
lealbns.     On   one  tide   of  t!ie  motintains    the   inhabi- 


tants arc  often  reapi 


while  they  are  fowing  on  ano- 


ther. The  vallic  ,  however,  are  warm,  fruitful,  and 
well  ciiltiNated.  The  country  is  fuhjcct  to  rains  and 
teni[)clh,  for  which  reafon  public  granaries  are  every 
where  ereJled  to  fiipply  the  lliilureof  their  crops. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Rhine,  the  Ruiz,  the 
Tclin,  and  the  Rhone. 

The  vegetable  productions  of  Swit/crland,  in  the 
eiiclofures  and  open  fields,  :iie  vines,  wheat,  r\e,  bar- 
ley,   oats,    buck-wheat,    beans,  iiullet,  kiuil,  hemp, 


t'.ax.  potatoes,  turni[';,  kidne.  I^ean  ■,  pojijiie'-',  clover, 
\c.  1  lie  aii'ii  ,11  an- c.itile,  Mb  .md  Imi  I.  The  Bo- 
i]uetin  and  the  Chamois  ate  animals  ol' ama/.ing  ai - 
tivili.  The  blood  of  them  is  of'  fo  hot  a  nature,  that 
foiiie  ot  the  mountaineers,  who  are  iiiiu  h  liib|ect  to 
plurilies,  take  a  tew  drops  of  ;t,  mixed  with  water, 
as  a  renud\'  tor  lh.it  dilorder.  Tlie  tlelh  ot  the  Ch.i- 
mois  IS  elleemed  very  delicious,  i  Icre  are  alfo  niinerai 
proiiuctioiis. 

S  F.  C  T  I  O  N     U. 

DiV'fl'.KS    if  y:v:lzer!uvd.      P,:y!,u!ur     D,  \-r:ption  of 
!/.'<:  (.'.ni/v>:i  at:.!  !'-:iy   D'prn:icth!C.<. 

TllF.  Thiiicen  Cantons  of  Sm  it/erland  are  the 
following,  \i/.  /iirich,  Heme,  I  .ik  erne,  Uri, 
Schweit/,  Underwald,  /.u;',  Cilaii-,  li.ilil,  Iribiirg, 
Solothiun,  Sihulfhaulcn,  and  A[);en/.el.  Of  thete 
in  their  refpcotive  ord.er. 

ZcKii  M  is  60  miles  '■':  len'^th,  and  4^'  in  breadth. 
It  abounds  in  corn,  wme,  and  excelli'iit  pilliires,  and 
is  ver\  populous. 

/uriih,  the  1  ajiital  of  tiie  Cantons,  v.  one  of  the 
moll  contiderablc  citie-  m  Sw  it/.erl  ind,  lor  its  anti- 
quity, credit,  and  rank.  It  i;;  pl-aratillv  tituated 
at  thecxtieiniiy  of  a  fine  lake,  wlieie  tlie  river  l.im- 
mat  diviiies  it  into  two  parts,  and  has  two  bridges 
over  It. 

The  lake  of  Zurich  is  alio  it  ten  le;.  ics  in  len'^th; 
but  no  part  exreeds  a  Icagiie  111  breadth  :  its  li;^ure 
is  nearly  of  a  bow.  C)n  the  well  tide  of  the  lake  i^ 
muunc  Albis,  which  i;;  pretty  lii^li;  .uid  on  the  eaft  a 

chain 


•(.UM'ilV. 

(ilin,  h\-i  lud'  !lrr,  v,\.[ 
i:li(ll,.  Jnliil,  likf  lii.^ 
ilii.u  \  luiiiml  I  \  kill  : 
\  Wire  (>l  much  Utmi  i- 
ante.  On  ilu' (ontr.iiA, 
Us  h\  lu  1  .iliiming  ilie 
,m/i,  m  I  -0". 

>    llUll'lllllI    t)V     hji     full 

t,\.  kal  1"  .tir.illins,  .ukI 
Iroin   lliis  i<)ii(|iir.ii  V 

i'.lllltH     !  ul;()    VM'if   liij). 

ini  (It'  11 ;  liom  .ill  |),iiis 
J.'liph  h:\\  111);  no  lun, 
li,  li\  »lir|Tnt.itiuii  liiiiii 
i>«'i  i.iv  k,  to  [iri\tnt 
n  l.\iiiily ;  aiki  ilic  ni'xt 
11  l)cJ   i)t  a  loij,  talli'.l 

lictwccii  iMij'J.iml  ami 
1^,  ami  their  allii-s  tlii- 
rph  ituo  iluir  ailiuiiii, 
i);.imll  tin-  I'Mi.'lit]i  Willi 

I'oitiij^a!  riuital  this 
mil  t''K-  Spaniards,  wliu, 
iriii^al  with  a  conliik- 
ilv  lit  I'ri'nJi  tiiriMti'iii  J 

U"ill,UlCC  vil'iV    t'.IV'.ilill, 

1-  iiisa!i<ii)i  aiiilaj^riRial 
iKaiii'.-.lLaii,  III  tlic  yi'.'.r 

1  1  ilMiiarv,  177-,  anil 
r,  Mary  Krai\ics  Ifalul- 
was  horn  in  17J4,  and 
o  in  f, ()0;  aiij  thil- 
in>   1)1  tilt   i'oiui''urii; 


^. 


.  bcnrv.,  popivA's  cIomt, 
ilh  aiul  l(iM  I.  rlii;  Ik)- 
aiimial-.  nl'  aiiia/.iM}:;  ai  - 
fit'  li)  hot  a  nature,  that 
ho  ail'  nun  h  liih|(.\t  to 
I  It,  ni;Mil  w  ith  watir, 
■|  '■!•  lUili  ol  the  Cha- 
I  Krc  are  alio  mineral 


•  N'     II. 

,.r'/V'(/.;»'      /If  ]r:ptlO!l   of 
rr    /)T. -■;..V«<.'i'j-. 

of  Sm  it/crlanil  are  the" 
lierne,  l.iKertie,  L'ri, 
Cila:'!-,   I>alil,    1  rihui;^', 

.1    Apieii/el.     Ol    thell- 

i^ih,  n.iil  ^V  in  breailtli. 
1  cxceilt.-nt  pilliires,  anil 

(  aiuous,   i'.   one  of  the 

iM!/.erl  lllil,   tor   its   ailti- 

i:;    pleaiantiy     litiiated 

J,  uhi  re  the  river  l.ini- 

ta,  ami  has  two  bridges 

It  ten  le;.  les  in  length; 
:•  in  hreadth  :  it;  liinire 
welt  lide  'it'  the  lake  i'j 
lu^h  ;  .ind  Oil  the  caft  a 
chain 


I 


I'D  ROPE.] 


S    W     I     T    Z     !•:    K     I. 


A     N     I). 


II7 


chain  of"  niotintaiin,  which  are  lower  and  better  mlti- 
vated. 

In  Ziirieh  are  many  perli)MS  ot  learning  and  merit. 
The  inhalmants,  in^^enejal,  pollils  piety  and  virtue, 
vithoiit  piide  and  olteiitation.  This  was  the  tirft  rity 
of  Swir/eilaiid  that  eiiilirand  the  relorm.ition.  It  was 
bc'^iin  1>>  /.um^jiiiis  in  i^iy,  and  ellahlillKil  in  15^4. 

BfKNF,  thoiip;h  it  hold*  the  Id  ond  rank,  may  he 
d(emid,  in  power  amle\tenr,  the  lirll  C'.iiuon  of  .Swii- 
zerlaiid,  as  it  <unipreheiuK  ahout  a  thud  ol  the  toun- 
Irv,  ami  its  popiihumn  is  a  toiirth  ot  the  whole.  It  i.s 
ho  leagues  in  length.  The  relnnnation  was  introduced 
here  in  152S. 

The  eity  of  Heme,  whii  li  ^'ives  name  to  the  whole 
canton,  and  is  the  i  apital,  is  aliooll  lui  rounded  hv  the 
river  A.ir.  Thehoufes  are  MH>(lly  hiiilt  of  white  tree- 
Ilone,  and,  in  the  principal  llreets,  hase  piaz/.as,  or 
arches,  under  them,  tor  the  coiuememe  ol  walkinj; 
dry  in  wet  weather.  Merc  a-c  a  i  ollcj^e,  |)iil>li(  library, 
niufeum,  {granary,  j;uildh.ill,  11 1'enal,  leser.il  hofpitals, 
a  h.indlome  Hone  bridge,  and  a  platloim  with  a  line 
profpect. 

The  eitv  of  Hernc  is  foverei^n  of  the  whole  canton, 
and  the  fovereij;nt)  rells  iiuiieU  in  the  j^reat  coun- 
cil, compofcd  of  200  t-Cunlcllors,  and  (;i)  all'ell()rs. 
The  fonale,  or  little  loiincil  compoled  ol  :7  ineiii- 
liers,  h.ivc  theexecuti\e  power. 

In  Heme,  as,  indeed,  throughout  Swit/i  rl.iiul, 
they  are  rigidly  levere  in  the  execution  of  the  penal 
laws,  not  only  in  capital  crimes,  but  leller  olfeiues, 
I'or  petty  larceny  matters  the  culprit  is  generally  It  n- 
tenced  to  the  pillory.  The  pillory  here  dill'ers  from 
ours,  being  conllriuied  in  the  t()rm  of  a  long  cage, 
fo  that  the  olVender  i  an  neither  lit  01  kneel,  but  is  un- 
der the  ncceilirs  ot  lontinuing  the  whole  time  of  the 
puiiilhmeni  m  an  exait  polUire. 

iemale  prollitiites,  when  beiome  notorious,  arc  ap- 
prehended, and  fentenced  tocleanl'e  the  public  Iheets. 
lour,  and  fometimes  lix,  are  harnelled  or  linked  to 
the  fcavenger's cart,  which,  on  pain  of  the  lalli,  they 
are  com]K'lled  to  dr.ig  Itep  by  iK-p  through  the  Iheets ; 
vhile  others  fweeji,  gather  up  the  foil,  and  llu)ot  it  in- 
to the  i  art.  An  olliier,  fomething  like  one  of  our 
paiilli  beailles,  fu|)erintends  rile  execution  of  this 
pumrnmeni ;  and  if  ain  relations  or  friends  of  the 
delinquents  prefume  toallonl  tl'.em  allilKmce,  ore\en 
grumble  at  their  fentence,  they  are  immediately  put 
i;i  then  places,  to  undergo  tlie  fame  difgrace  ot  drud- 
gery. 

llal/.li  is  a  \ill.igc,  giving  name  to  a  territory  or 
\alley  of  i  onliderahle extent,  m  which  aic  line  woods 
«it  beech  and  pine,  excellent  roots,  wild  fowl  of  moll 
kin's,  chamois,  and  other  mountain  animals,  to- 
gether with  mines,  particularU'  ot  lead  and  iro'^  and 
tine  t  r\  ll.ils.  This  \  illage  forms  "he  eallern  extreinilv 
ol  ilie  I  anion  of  licrne. 

The  I'ais  de  \'aud,  which  fubmitted  to  the  canton  of 
Heme  in  1 536,  and  at  the  f.ime  time  embraced  the  le- 
loimatinn,  is  a  line  eountre,  abounding  with  \i:;e\ards, 
coin-fKliI  ,  and  pallures. 

l.aulaniie,  the  capital  of  the  F.iis  do  \'aud,  and  the 
f.  1  (ind  i  ity  of  the  whole  canton,  llandsone  mile  and  a 
hall  irom  the  lake  of  (ieneva.  It  gi\es  name  to  a 
b^uliwiik,  th.e  bi'.ihii' of  which  relides  in  the  eallle, 
\i  huh  was  fornu'rly  the  bilhop's  palai  e,  and  has  fomc 
lunldaiion  in  the  town.  In  the  college  here  Theo- 
dore Dcz.i  tranllated  the  I'lalms  into  I  rench  \crle. 

Luc!:nM,  til'-  1111)11^  powerful  of  the  Catholic  can- 
tons, is  aboi.t  40  miles  long,  and  (2  broad.  The 
mountainous  ]iarts  abound  with  <heep  and  cattle,  and 
the  level  dillrictsare  fruitful  in  torn.  The  government 
is  arillociatical,  anvi  the  chief  revenue  aiiles  from  the 
cUates  of  the  extinct  nobility. 

L.uccrnc,  from  which  the  canton  has  its  name,  llanil- 
ing  on  a  branch  of  the  lake  ot  Lucerne,  where  the 
Rufi  ill'ues  from  it,  is  a  conlidcrahlc  thorou;.;hlare  to 


Italy,  by  mount  St.  Gothard,  and  contains  an  .ufenal, 
a  iii.'gnilicent  college  and  town-houfe,  feveral  con- 
vents, with  a  (athedral  or  collegiate  duirih. 

I  he  town  l.irms  a  line  object  at  one  extremitv. 
.Mount  I'llat,  andiheKugi,  are  noble  mo.intains. 

'1  he  Like  of  1  an  erne  exhibits  greati  r  \ariet\',  and 
more  piaureliiue  fcciierv,  thananv  other  of  the  Swifs 
lakes. 

L'm,  which  is  60  miles  long,  and  ao  broad,  abounds 
with  mountains,  the  diiel  of  which,  called  St.  do'- 
haril,  is  the  highell  in  Swit/erland.  0\er  it  is  carried 
a  line  roail,  in  one  coiuimied  ali  cut  of  eji^ht  hours,  to 
the  very  lummit.  This  load  deferve.  partii  ulai  notice, 
being,  in  moll  parts,  lix  feet  wide,  andeveiv  where 
will  pa\ed  liuriii/  its  whole  ah  ent.  '1  he  UiilV  runs  liy 
its  lide ;  o\er  whiih  are  l'e\eral  liandfome  bridges. 
This  road,  111  fummer,  is  perfeetK  fali-,  not  on!v  for 
horlcs,  hut  even  titr  iarriag,es;  though,  m  winter,  he 
fill  of  luaires  of  fnow  have  proved  fatal  to  many  tr.i- 
\ I. Hers.  It  hes  between  very  high  mountains,  the 
lower  parts  of  whicli  are  covered  with  thick  wiK)ds, 
but  above  are  ijiiite  bare.  Several  parts  exhibit  the 
moll  1  eautiful  c,itara;ts,  either  Irom  the  Uuf:,  or  o:hi  r 
Imaller  Ihcams ;  while  m.iny  of  tliem,  b\  reafon  ol 
the  ro(  k.-  .vlucli  obllriici  their  palliige,  aiethiown  into 
a  mill,  whnh,  by  the  refracting  la.s  01  t!ie  fun,  toriii 
a  varic!'.  ot  rainb;iws,  and  .it  the  l.imeimic  boihclMrm 
and  ccol  tl'.e  tiaveller.  Ikit  as  he  advances  he  u  ler- 
rifud  at  the  view  ol  frightful  rocks  hanging  over  the 
road,  and  fo  worn  out  uiulerneath,  tl.at  they  appear  as 
if  they  vure  jull  going  to  tall  and  crulli  him  to  atom.;. 
On  the  other  hand,  when  he  hnds  himlelf  liuii  m,  on 
all  lidis,  b\  fiich  lUipendous  iiiouiuaiiis,  of  valU)  ilit- 
lerent  al'[ie;is,  fome  qiiiti'  bare,  and  others  tult^'d  with 
trees,  and  abounding  with  v.uious  forts  ot  medicinal 
herbs,  he  has  reafon  toadiiiire  the  uoiulerful  work':  of 
the  Creator,  and  to  extol  the  indulh-)' aid.  ingenuitv  of 
the  mhabirants,  who,  at  an  immenfe  ha/ard,  toil,  and 
ex[)ence,  keep  chtfe  roads  open.  I'or  this  purpofe  they 
join  rocks  together  by  arched  bridges,  cut  away  through 
feveral  rocks;  and  when  the  load  I'eeirs  ready  to 
link,  fuppnit  It  by  limit  walls  and  biittretles,  with 
gre.it  polls,  which  they  drive  deep  into  the  earth, 
and   Hones,  which  they  tiilKa   to  one  another  by  iron 

ilOllks, 

At  about  two  hours  dillanre  above  t!ic  village  of 
(rellmen  lies  the  largcll  bridge  over  tlic  Rufz.  It  is  of 
done,  and  of  a  fur()ri/.ing  h  igh.t,  vwth  onb,  one  arch, 
which  is  an  exact  femiciicle,  the  piers  of  which  relb 
u\xm  two  rocks  of  vail  height;  and  here  the  noife  of 
the  ra[5id  torrent  adds  to  the  terrors  ot  the  fcene.  It  is 
CO  feet  over,  and  its  hei'.rht  abo\e  the  water  ;.hn;it  70. 
It  can  fcartel)  be  imagined  how  it  w.is  polliirU'  to  erect  ' 
a  bridge  there  :  and  t!ie  inhabr.ants,  thinking  it  be\dnd 
the  power  of  man  to  aciDinpluh  it,  therelore  call  it 
•It'iii;'i-!j!'rittk,  ov  -Vim-  DiVil's  li^iJ^^f.  In  one  part  of 
this  mountain,  near  the  hi',!iv.a\ ,  is  a  Capucliin  con- 
vent, in  which  two  fathers  conlhintly  attend,  and,  for 
a  fnuill  conlideration,  accommodate  travellers  with 
whatever  is  wanted.  Manv  ihoufar.d  head  of  cattle 
gia/e  on  this,  and  the  oilier  moiint.'.ins  lure,  in  fum- 
mer ;  aiiil  great  tiuantities  otcheefe  are  made  on  them. 
Tlu'  vales  iietw cell  th.efe  mountains  aie  exceeding  hot 
i:!  iuiiimcr,  an  '  Meld  the  moll  luxuriant  cro|-s  oi 
;ua|s.  Moft  heautiliil  cryllals  alio  are  often  fi^iind 
among  them. 

The  inhabitants  are  a  hard;.',  vigorous,  ^.iid  l)ra\c 
people.  They  have  no  wine,  little  corn,  and  !.uorno 
maiuilactuies  ;  hut  plenty  of  wood,  iilli,  bl.u  '-.  c,i;ile, 
butter,  and  cheefe,  with  which  the\  purchafewhat  nc- 
cellaries  ihev  want.     'I  hey  are  reckoned  about   io.ooo 


in  number,  of  which  thofe  of    better  Ui 


live  by 


th'  tlocks  and  h.ei ds  they  keep  in  their  giou:ids ;  and  the 
meaner  tort  by  attending  thefe  herds,  or  hawking  and 
peddling  German  and  li.ili.in  wares.  The  government 
is  democratical,  and  divided  into  ten  dillrids.  The 
Iccitcrv  of  that  ^jait  wliichis  called  tile  lake  of  Uri  is 
s  particularly 


« 


?,u 


\  M  \V,  lUn  \1. 


M'lUlMK    SYSTl'M  oy   VJWWK^W.  (.1  (KiU  \1MIV. 


i;:.i#i 


m:i\:  ffv 


b'fr! 


Ivllii 


fr"^ 


psrtk-iil.li I.'  ribl.im-.  It  i<  n;iir.'u,  aii.l  i'v!;;nl,  on  I'ni'i 
liiivs,  xvirli  tliv-  moll  wil.l  .iinl  rom.intii  nnks,  wah 
W(\k'«  01    liiwh  aiul  piiK-  il)«n  to  tlu-  NvIv    \.. iter's 

Hi:t  t!in  fine  lake  m  juriKularls  iiUiTiliin};  tor  li.u- 
in;;  I't I  n  thi"  tluat 1 1'  w Iuthm)  i\w  ii\ilc|Kiuli ncv  nl  Su  if. 
fi'il.i!i,1  \\a«  (iii;;in.i!lv  |'l.inni\l,  HvTi'  i»  the  t  ha|Kl  <>t 
>Viil..im  Irll,  o!i.ir.n.k,  iiit!inj:;tiut  iiiiotln'  lake,  iiii- 
ili-r  a  lian^iii};  wooil;  aiul  ihc  \illa;;i.-  nl  Mrii:i;uii, 
wlvu'  the  tuatv  <)('  i;i5  was  llj^tuil  lictween  Uii, 
SiHv.iii/,  aiiil  L'liiii'rw.i'.Ki). 

'I ''!■  "ith  riiii.iik.ii'le  plans  in  tliis  lantoM  ate  tin- 
twii  tn|i'm ii'i^: 

Altcit,  i.  <  the  OKI  \  illa;';e,  a  «ill  Iniilt  town,  1h-- 
inr  iIh'  !i  :it  I'f  j;o\trnininf,  and  die  plai  e  when  tiuiU 
(i!  &.•  ■•-•trrv  riliiie,  lontains  an  arlenal,  a  j'.ia- 
jvii . ,  a  l.in  llmiK'  tortn-hoiilV,  with  a  hdiile  lor  ii:;- 
tii'"  aiul  iiiiiillMii;;n\  ll.il,  tl-.iee  ihuri  he-,  aiui  two  i  ,ia- 
^el.[^. 

I'riVremhal,  or  L'rleren  \'.illi'\ ,  i^  ahout  iime  iiiile\ 
in  len;it!i,  one  in  breailtii,  anil  vnlds  j^ocul  i)alhira",e. 
The  inlialiitnnts  area  tree  pe.iple,  aiul  ratlu  r  allu  ^  than 
fubiects  ot  the  eanton  ot  Lri.  In  e>  elell.ulKal  ii.ai- 
tefj  ihcy  arcfubject  to  the  bill'.opot'  C'oire. 

Suiwirr/  is  about  \o  miles  in  ''V-;th,  aiul  ;.i  in 
bnadth.  The  land,  loi  the  noli  put,  is  paltiire 
};roi:nJ,  yiildini;  little  corn,  and  nowiiu';  but  thev  ha\'- 
flciuvot'  tith  Innn  their  l.ikis  and  rivers,  withhlaik 
cattle,  |.-anu-,  buner,  aiuKiieel'e.  With  iilpeit  to  i;s 
cn'.unimnt  and  r'.li!;ion,  tluy  are  iiiiu  !i  ilie  laiiu- .1 . 
thofe  »)!'  L':i ;  xid  ;:s  inhabitants  too,  like  tliofe  ol 
that  canton,  are  hard'. ,  l-'ld,  and  vipirou-i. 

.SlIiwiu/,,  wlrh  uHk-' name  10  it,  1.,  its  eajiital,  aiui 
tb.e  ieut  of  iei;eniy,  is  li;;;nted  1  o  miles  lioni  i.iuerne, 
in  a  pUalant  valii. ,  and.  lovtiats,  belides  a  jwrilli 
ehiinh,  three  loiivints,  .1  i>\.!\  houli-,  a  mint,  an 
holpital,  .in  arieiia!,  ai-.d  ;^\iial  haiuHome  private 
hojl*.',. 

At  Fip.fidlen,  a  fir..;ll  town  n;ar  the  river  Meiife, 
1;  iiiilts  north-eaO  fr(  in  Srhwi-a/,  is  a  rii'h  iseiudic- 
tint  abbev ,  the  abbot  ol  v.hich  h.is  the  t;;!e  of  prime, 
and  la  lord  o!  the  town  and  its  rerr.ro;-e,  iiiuler  the 
fovereiirni'. ,  or  rather  the  proti-  rio:',  oi  tl'.i-  eanton. 
The  abbey  IS  a  lar^e  ediliee,  roniai.'.iii}^  lu.eniili.  ent 
apartments  lor  the  abbot,  with  a  hl.iarv,  r:id  eonve- 
nurit  rooms  for  the  ivrliife'-,  and  tlie  en'.eitainii'a,:  of 
fl^ranj^i  r«.  The  i  hurih  of  C)i;r  l.a.iy  is  cmbellillu'd 
vitii  inallerlv  paintin;^.,  r,>  h  ;;ildin;^  ,  and  moll  deli, 
cate  lUu'O-woik.  In  the  lUlirict  bi-lon>.^in;^  to  the 
abbev  In  alio  a  niinnerv,  which,  as  will  a.s  the  abiicy, 
eontaiii..  \  trtafureo!  j^ieat  value. 

Usrirww  AID  IS  divided  bv  a  toicll  into  two  par:^, 
ciirtiiifiiillied  bv  the  names  of  Ober  and  lJnderwa!d, 
i.  e.  above  and  below  the  forell  ;  but  the  eanton  InMrs 
onlv  the  name  of  the  latter.  It  re.ii  he^ about  iSniihs 
from  noith  to  loiith,  and  15  liom  ealt  to  well.  I  hie 
are  lin<-  fruits,  pafhiri*,  woods,  .md  eattle,  with  lakes, 
mineral  fprini;>,  and  ipnrriis  of  marble.  I'he  two 
jiai: .  iii.ike  two  (  ommunities,  whiih  have  eai  h  their  rc- 
Iji'  ai\e  I  hi,  diit,  eoiineil,  leal,  banner,  and  olVu  er  ; 
but  as  thev  both.  ( onlhtute  onlv  one  i.mton,  thev  !'.,ue 
alfo  a  ( n;v,nu)n-eounc  il.  Both  aie  ol  the  I*opilli  re- 
li>;ion.  1  houL'h  eai  h  fends  a  re[)ie!enlalive  to  the  j;e- 
neral  diet  of  ihe  eanton-,  vet  thev  have  but  one  von  e. 
The  capital  of  the  vale  above  the  foreft  is  .Sarncn,  on 
the  river  Aar,  and  of  that  below,  Stan/. 

/if:  i-,  a  fiiiall  ( anton,  re.u  ,  iiif^  above  i:  miles 
c'ltlier  way  ;  but  very  populous  ami  fruitful,  \ieldinu; 
Mi.'.i  s,  wheat,  chefnuts,  and  other  fruits;  iv.id  its  moun- 
tains produce  evcelliiu  palhire.  Tlie  fj;overniiKnr  is 
(kmoerat.cal.  The  inhabil:':'!  are  Uoman  Catholics. 
Theie  are  tv.o  lakes  in  it  abounding  vuth  lilh  ;  and 
the  wooif',  produce  nreat  pleiitv  ot  eame.  'Ihe  oiiK 
j'l.i.e   n  il'.f  cantfin  worth  meiiiioning  is 

/ii^,  wJiich  is  delij^htlully  liiiiated  on   a    beautiful 


"''} 


..ike,  in    .1    leiiile  v.dhy.       i  Ia  lake   i-  e  le.ij^inw 

lon^,  .\\}d  oiu   bio.ld, 

(Ji  Mils  IS  furroiinded  on  .ill  tides,  cxi  ipt  towarilt 
the  norili,  v\it!i  loliv  mouni.iiiis,  one  ot  wh.ih,  <  ,ill,  1 
I'odlber;;,  is  almoll  iinp.illible.  The  princip.il  \,il|,  / 
exieiiili  Ironi  noril)  to  loiitli  above  :o  mill-),  ,ind  u 
liibiev'l  ti)  earlhiiiLikci.  Tlie  otlur  \  lie-,  \iild  I'ood 
pa!hira;;e,  hut  littU'  i  orn  or  piilfe.  \a(l  iiumlur-.  ot 
horlls,  hku  k  eattle,  fV'-t^,  .md  llu\|),  y.r.i/x  both  o;i 
tie  mount.iin^  and  in  the  vallus;  and  ('leai  i]ii,uititie< 
ol  I'litter  and  eheifi.ue  mule  in  e.n  h.  Ihe  moun- 
t,iin>  viild  woiui,  llaie,  crillal,  mimr.il  w.itdN,  and 
b.iili-  ;  .md  tlu-  rivers  and  likci  .ibou.id  with  lilh.  I'hc 
riivernment  is  deiuoeratical,  and  the  linate  h  com. 
poled  of  hi  Perfons,  o\er  uhiih  the  land. .man  and 
pnudiilul  reluie,  who  are  never  of  ilie  f.inie  lelii'oii ; 
lor  the  inhabii.ints  are  partly  I'lpilK,  a'ul  p.iitl)  I'ro- 
t^ll,lnf^i  but  thev  live  very  peai  eabb  lo|eihir.  Here, 
as  111  other  ilenu)eratival  cmtons,  befules  the  iliets,  i<  a 
louiuilof  regenc V,  with  lever. il  <i)urts  ot  lullice,  tiir 
civil,  I  riminal,  and  en  leli.iltu  al  .lllalr^.  Theiefpective 
tovMi-,  in  tlm  canton  .iie  to  tritliii;^  a^  not  to  merit  any 
paniuilar  ileferip;ion. 

Hv-.'i.,  which  is  23  miles  in  lenj;th,  an.i  aboa:  li 
:;i  brtaJih,  contains  2-'  |>arill)es,  and  7  bailiwicks; 
.md  It-,  inhabit  ints  are  I'rotellants.  'I'lie  lower  parti 
ol  11  ,ue  Iruitlul  in  palhire,  corn  and  wine;  Imii  thi: 
ir.ouni.iins  an'  liarren.  'I'here  are  many  medicmd 
iVrin;^.  .iiul  baths  in  it,  aiiil  the  air  his  w'^clefome  and 
tim|iLi.ee.  Uoth  men  and  women,  to,  the  molt  p.ii;, 
ue.ir  the  Ireneh  drel's;  but  the  lanj^u.i^e  nmimonly 
f;i.)ken  Is  I  lij.h  Dutch  ;  thou;j;lithe  I'rench  alfo  is  much 
ufed.  It;  j^overnir.ent  is  arilbjcratical.  The  only 
jilaee  wortl.v  of  iiotiee  in  tliis  canton  is 

li.ilil,  Mai'e,  or  H.ile,  its  capit.d,  the  lai;'.ell  city  111 
.Switzerland.  Its  environs  are  be.uitilul,  conlillinj^  of 
.1  line  level  track  ol  fields  and  meulows.  'I'he  city  is 
i!;vi  led  into  tuo  part-^  bv  the  Rhine,  over  whiih  there 
is  a  h.iiulldme  bri>l;;e.  Ii  is  loriilied  with  walls,  moat,, 
•towers,  and  ballioiis,  and  loiuains  feveral  churches, 
belidis  tlie  c.itheilial,  whuh  is  an  ele;.^lllt  (iothic 
Itrueture;  a  comiiiandeiv  d  the  order  ot  St.  John, 
and  another  of  the  Teutonie  ouLr;  a  public  i?r.inary, 
anaifen.d,  allatily  toun-houl',  .ui  univulity,  .1  ;.^y .11- 
naliiim,  a  llately  pal  k  e  beliinjMiiMo  the  margrave  ot 
H  :,!e;'-]  Viuil.uh,  beli^li -.  athamberot  ciirioliries,  fe- 
\e.al  hofpi;a!s,  i\c.  In  t'le  aileii.il  is  iVitw  n  the  ainiour 
i;i  wliiih  Liiarles  the  Holvt  loll  ins  life,  with  the  furni- 
ture of  Ills  liDi  le,  and  tin'  ketile-ilruiii ,  .,nd  trumpets 
ol  lit  armv.  On  iV.c  ll.i;i-iafe  01  liie  C'3!iniil-!ioiife  is 
a  pMi'ie  ol  tiie  I  .-.ill  J'ul':nii.n:.  ( )ver-.e-ain'.l  the 
I  lench  I  hiiri  li,  on  a  loivi;  covere.l  wall,  is  pamteti  the 
via'ueof  Dea'.h.  Si  IVler's  Sijuare,  plaiued  with  .\\\i 
and  liir.e  trees,  firms  a  plealar.t  work;  but  a  fpoi  re- 
;:;,il.irlv  p.laiued  with  trcvS,clole  bv  the  river,  and  near 
the  niiiitier,  nukes  a  liner,  ai  commanding  a  moll  be.ui- 
til'i.l  aiul  extenlive  profpct.  'I'lie  celebrated  baafnuis 
dtd  hero  in  i;-!6,  in  the -.Jih  ve.ir  ot' hisa;^e,  and  was 
buried  in  the  rreat  churih.  Some  of  the  merchants 
l-,e:e  are  opulent ;  but  the  liiniptuarv  laws  ar*  llri.'t,  and 
.1  limphcity  of  manners  Hill  prevails  at  Ikilil.  A  lhan;.^e 
eiilhnii  jirevails  here,  that  the  town  il.nks  are  always 
an  hoiir  too  lall ;  fo  that  when  it  is  really  noon  it  is  onr 
o'cfick  at  Ikilil,  .md  to  on.  Several  reafons  are  af- 
li-.ned  torthi-,  liugularity;  which  the  inaj^ilhatc  canno: 
\er  ]-.erfuaile  the  common  people  to  alter.  'IVade 
tlourillies  here,  efpecially  in  lilk,  ribbons,  and  wines; 
and  the  polu  e  is  uiiiler  e.vcellent  regulations.  The  two 
Muxtorifs,  lather  and  fon,  and  the  famous  painter 
Holbein,   were  natives  ot    this  jilace. 

luiKcuf:,  whii  h  is  near  .yo  miles  in  length,  and  20 
in  breadth,  is  ])artly  mountainous,  and  partly  cham- 
paign; and,  belides  fomewine,  yields  pleiitv  of  pa(- 
turage,  grain,  Iruit,  cattle,  and  cheefc.  It  is  divided 
into  three  inner  bailiwicks,  and  16  outer,  befuUs  ijic 
territory   of  the  city.        '-lie   inhabitants  are   I'apills. 

4  One 


i 


UM'IIY. 
like  i^  c  Ic.i^^iir* 


tiiU'-,  I'Xi  rpt  lowarilf 
i>.)(  1)1  wliii  h,  I'.ill,  J 
riic  prim  ip.il  \nlli  / 
>.>\»  .\j  iiii!t»,  aiiil  H 
tilt  I  \  i!i .  \  {i  \^  i'iiihI 
Ik'.  \.tl)  luitiilu'is  it| 
I  llu  V  |),  1',I.I/C  lii'tll  ii;i 
> :  .lilt!  y,WM  i|ii.\initu''i 
111  111  h.  i'lic  iiioun. 
,  iiiiiur.il  vv.itcis,  .iiul 
.ilioii.iil  with  lilli.    The 

Ul     lIlL-    \\  ll.ltC     Is   1(1111- 

I.  h  tlu'  l.i:ul,iiii.i:i  an  i 

ul     ll-.l-     I.IIIK'   IlllJ'DM  ; 

i1m|1>,  ;i'uI  ;Mrtl)  I'ro- 
i.ihl'  to;  iilu  r.    t  Irro, 

,  liilulis  ihc'iticH,  i«  a 

I  ( oiirts  ot  inline,  for 
.ill.iirs.  TluTclpfCtivu* 

mi;  .i>  lun  to  meat  an/ 


1  lin;;tll,  x-.\  ahoa;  i  ^ 
111'.,  anil  7  |iailiwi(  k-,; 
rit>.  'I'lic  loaiT  (uiu 
111  11  an,l  v>:iic  ;  but  tin: 
c  arc  iiuiiy  mciliciml 
L'  all  hi>  \\''i'lclv)inc  aiul 
iiiLii,  to,-  ^f^c  molt  par;, 
lu'  lanj^iia^c  loiumuiilv 
the  Irciicii  alio  is  miu  li 
lloi  laiual.  'I'Ik-  only 
vaiit.m  Is 

1)|'j1,  llif  laiyill  I  ity  in 
bL-aulitiil,  Limlillinj;  of 
liKMclows.  TIk-  cily  ]i 
<hiiic,  over  which  there 
iii'kil  with  walls,  moat ;. 
itaiiis  I'exfial  chiii.  hts, 
1  IS  an  cloraiit  (iothu: 
tho  orJcr  ot  St.  joliii, 
)ivivr;  a  public  granary, 
'■,  an  imivtiiity,  a  ;.',>. i:- 
^■iiii;  to  the  luaij^rasc  ol 
amber  ot'  curiolitic-i,  Ic- 
.iial  is  lhe«  n  tiie  aiiiioiir 
hu  lilj,  u  ith  the  tlirni- 
iIc-ih'Min ,  ..n,l  tiumpits 
c  III  tlic  C'm:i<il-!ioiile  is 
cut.  Over-.;  ani'.t  the 
.■ic.l  uall,  is  puntcii  the 
viiiaic,  planicil  «itli  Jni 
i!U  work;  but  a  I'po;  rc- 
;'e  bv  thcnvcr,  and  near 
immaiiilin)^  a  moll  biau- 
'I'he  cclcbratcii  Miarmus 
year  ot'  hisa;;c,  anii  was 
Some  of  the  meicliant* 
ituarv  laws  m\  Itn  t,  aiul 
lAailsat  Halil.  A  llian;',e 
town  I  locks  arc  alwaw 
it  is  really  noon  it  is  one 
.Several  rearoiLs  are  al- 
:h  the  ma<;illratc  cannot 
.ople  to  alter.  Traile 
Ik,  ribbons,  anil  wines; 
It  rcj»i.'Luions.  The  two 
nil  the  lamoiis  pan.ier 
place. 

miles  in  lenpjth,  and  :o 
nous,  and  partly  cham- 
c,  yields  plenty  of  paf- 
id  cheele.  It  is  ilivided 
d  i6  outer,  bciidcs  the 
lahabitanti  are  I'apills. 
4  IJi'.e 


\ 


1  ■:  '1* 

V 

fj 

t 

fc. 

c| 

:    .        ..A.  ..'J- 


\ 


****S*    «,     T-      niWlliii....i[iTri  **•!  u 


i^ 


V- 


/^//' 


•iy//ii   (■////>>/  ViVVi/ ff//f/ff/ /'////< /f//f/f'//  f •////(' 


Kiiin   //////ft 


//<//'/>/ f/tr  f  /(■//>//  ,'/ ViUS^l"^/ t////f/t(  ('/ //ii  //'///'<'//  ,'////' 


I// ///I  //f//iir  . 
a; 


't 


i 


^   Y 


^1 


'% 


'1 

1    I'^sjil!     '^> 

1'      n    1 

U:     j      i 
it            , 

I'; 


S    W     I     T    Z    E    R     I, 


ruRorr..] 

Oiu'  \y.\n  (if  tliiiii  fjirak  ;i  rorrupt  I'liiiich,  the  (.rlicr 
a  liallarii  CJcrmaii.     'I'hc  only  pl.iLi'ol  note  in  it  is 

I'rihum,  whicli  {.nvrs  name  to  it,  and  Hands  anionj.; 
rinks,  111  a  valliy,  on  tlv-'  n\ir  Soanc,  lix  liaf^ncs 
louth-wclltroin  Hi  rni'.  I  K  re  are  ("everal  churches, 
(onxents,  and  hofpitals,  with  a  liandl'omc  college,  a 
jr.iiit,  a  i^ianary,  an  arlenal,  a  <  oniinandery  of  St.  jolin, 
and  a  ( ouneil-iiimie,  >\  Inch  llaiu's  on  a  rock,  and  com- 
mands a  |.;,reat  pro'iwl.  'I'lu'  i:o\ernmcnt  is  nincli  the 
laiiie  as  iliat  ol'  Berr.e,  cxcejU  that  here  it  is  conlincd  to 
■JO  families  ot'  p.arri.  air-,  excluliveot'  all  others.  The 
town  is  tolerably  v.ell  loititied.  At  tlie  dilhinee  ot'  a 
leajnie  (rom  I  lib'.n;.',,  in  a  \>  ililerneisot  wood-,  and  rorks, 
IS  a  rem  irkabK'  hcrmitaL'e,  called  la  Madelaine,  tonilll- 
in;;  nt  ,1  i  hiirch  an!  (leeple,  with  an  oratory,  aha!!, 
relciidr',  km  I'.en,  lexeral  chainlHrs,  Hairs,  a  cellar, 
well,  and  other  roiivcniencies,  ail  heun  out  ol'a  rock. 
This  <.rreat  work  was  perlormed  by  an  hermit,  named 
Jcl'.n  de  Pre,  havinii;  hail  no  I'ort  ot'allillance  iVom  ane 
perfon  bi;:  hi.s  rervaiu,  in  the  coiale  oi  luenty-iivt 
}cars. 

Soi.orii'.  i;\,  or  SonicKt,  is  about  i:  miles  long, 
aiul  I  abroad,  and  is  lituatcd  on  the  i  i\er  Aar.  It  is 
tolcrabl;.  tertile,  \  iekiingcorn,  v  ine,  line  wnotls,  fruits, 
and  palliirts.  The  religion  prolclled  in  it  is  tr.e  lio- 
iiian  Caiholii  ,  exii-pt  in  one  bailiu  ick  ;  a.nd  the  go- 
xcrniiU'nt  is  ai  :!l(n  r.uual.  The  prinri'pal  phice  in  it  is 

.•^olotlairn,  iir  .^oleuie,  whiih  gives  name  to  it,  and 
is  tif.K'lcil  1:1  a  pica;'..::;,  fertile  counire.  IJere  is  a 
collegiate  chuii  h,  a  large  college,  a  well  fiirniii'.e.l 
ailrnal,  and  two  i  i^iiv ents.  'i'hc  t'overnmeiu  i.  much 
ti;e  fame  as  that  ot  iieri;cand  I'riburg',  and  the  language 
ch;ef]\  fpokeii  is  I'lein  h.  In  1  ■;■—. in  alliance  was  con- 
clcdid  here  bet\wen  tin  king  ot  I  i.uice,  ai-.d  the  Tlwi- 
tei:;i  Cantons  and  their  allies,  i'or  lit'iy  years. 

Sen  \i  111  \  V  srv  is  the  moll  rouilurnot'  all  theSwils 
Cantr)ns,  and  Ik  ^  cntirelv  on  th.c  (icrman  tide  ol'  the 
khine.  It  i-;  about  :o  miles  long,  and  i  2  i'ro.i.i ;  ;'.:id 
i-,  in  ;  cncr.d,  tertile,  \icKling  <i)rn,  I'luit,  [latturc, 
plenty  ot'  lilli,  iiiineral  fjirings,  and  gfiod  leil  wine. 
1  i;e  inhabitants  arc  I'rotcllants  and  the  government 
aiillocrati.-.l.  'I'he  onh  toun  in  it  worth  notice  is 

SthaH'h.auli  n,  whiih  is  plealantli  liuiiued  in  a  |)lain 
vn  'ie  Khme,  r.iul  isviiv  I'andtome,  llu- lireets  bei'V 
lih'.id,  and  the  houies  maynilicent.  i  lere  are  feveral 
I'.u'dii me  cluiri  lies,  an  arkiuil,  an  acad  niv,  a  nobli' 
(.■.!vnet  01  r,\rit;.  >,  and  a  i.'oud  lorticis.  The  tirv 
(.III  ..  I'M  a  I 'i:ili  Icrable  trade  In  the  Kiiin.',  over 
which  1;  l;.i-  a  jiridpr  built  eiuiicly  ot  timber,  iiv  acom- 
leon  carpcnin',  andetteen.ed  a  very  curious  work.  As 
Its  •luie,  in  (iirnian,  tignilies  a  Iheept'old,  fo  it  has 
a  (l.i'p  loritscoat  (•(  arms,  as  alio  upon  its  coin.  In 
liiC  lul  uibs  (4  till-  city  is  a  l"|)r:ng  ot  water  in  acel- 
lii,  i'oplcntitui,  that  it  liiiiplies  above  ic,3  pij-cs ;  and 
in  tl'.e  n  ■•ghboiirhood  is  a  line  Iree-ftonc  iju.irr^-. 

1.1  oi^Vr  to  view  the  t'.imous  cal'cuie  ot'  the  Rhine, 
yn-|  nv't  e  ihir  go  ti.  l.uilKii,  winch  is  a  Icigiie  (rom 
.'^i  halliia'ikn,  (<r  to  N'euhaufeii,  which  i^  <iiil\  h.ilt'a 
IcMj'.ue,  a-ul  u 'ere  th.e  lad  i-.  teen  to  better  advantage; 
but  at  tl'.i  Later  you  iiuill  crols  the  ri\tr,  to  which 
fill. I-  r.il'i  ;;  l-.avcan  obieaion.  Ilcnce  vou  have  lirH 
abii  k  VI.  u  oi'  ilic  lal'cadc;  aiidwlienvou  have  vuiik- 
ed  di  V.  n  li'e  I  i;l,  it  pl.u  -  ,ii-on  wni  111  all  J'otms  a,  m,u 
go  to  t!;e  iri'i  \ ,  tiom  a  ]<iol.'c  to  a  lioiuvu'w.  As  viiu 
ii.'i.  i!'e  r/, er '. ou  eii'.'i  ir  in  tu!l   tr.:in  all   t!'e  wv. , 

>n,.v.  ,1, 


A     N     D, 


SSf 


d  d  !!i"",ud'u  the  tk 
ad  their  i-.i!> 


■\h 


ot   w.itcr  lolling  down 


'^  on  lie  alto  that  ti 


di-,  p  .It  of   it  IS  oaliied 
'I  he  v\  iriilc  K  white  wi 


dl 


li    t'oam 


I  u.%    ILL    U|  '- 

'token  into 
xcept  here 


and  th.ere  fiime   •'leen   tint.s,  elpiciallv  when  the  \\\f\ 
lliiius  upon  11.      i  1,1V  ing  crolied  die  river,  vou  mount 

re  vou  lee  it  toamiiu'; 


the  lull  to  a  bllic  pl.itlorm,  built  0:1  puipoie  to  br 


■Ie  I>i  ll 


dihi 


Willi  1: 


nil  \ou   are 


fall 


.veil    tiom 


the  fpra'  ,   unlu's  tlie  wiiu 


Iftl 


le  V  itu  ot   ti 


-\l 


ippetis  to  let  touinl  you. 
it  be  truly  piiwliirelque  Iroiii  tlu' 


dl. 


other  fide,  from  hence  it  is  grand  and  nia  eftic.  By 
afcending  a  little  higher  to  the  cafllc  of  Laulien,  you 
have  a  tourth  view,  wiirrcin  you  lo.ik  down  upon  the 
falling  river,  and  ;dfo  trace  its  progrefs.  In  order  to 
lee  the  rainbov  formed  bv  the  f[)rav,  vou  mull  be  on 
the  f|)ot  beiore  nine  o'cloi  k  in  the  morning.  Accounts 
vary  much  as  to  the  height  of  the  (atara-t;  but  thin 
i^  chieHy  owing  to  the  ditl'erent  feafon  at  which  tra- 
vellers have  viewed  it.  .Alter all,  it  is  not  the  height 
ot  the  fall,  but  the  immcntity  of  the  body  ot'  water, 
broken  111  a  ir.ol!  picturefque  manner  by  the  rocks, 
thai  lonltitutcs  the  beauty  of  the  caleade  of  Li!:{ftii. 

.■\pi'i.N/,i  (.,  the  laH  of  the  Thirteen  Cantons,  i-; 
about  30  miles  long,  and  20  broad.  It  yields  good 
paltuiage,  ami  tonfeqiiently  i.s  not  dcflitute  of  cattle, 
milk,  butter,  or  chcefc.  Cof.tuierable  ijuantitics  alfo 
ot  wheat,  r\c,  barlcv,  oats,  be:ins,  peas,  Ha\,  and 
iiine,  arc  produced  in  itj  bcfid.cs  a  gre.u  deal  of  frtiit, 
wood  and  tint,  with  minc'al  waters,  and  warm  iiatlis. 
There  arc  niany  mountainj  in  the  canton,  tiie  higlklt 
of  which  is  that  called  the  I  lohefantis,  or  the  j-johe- 
Mef/mer,  which  commands  a  profpeet;  of  a  prodigious 
extent.  There  are  alfo  feveral  kii-es  and  rivers.  flie 
inhaiiitants  fiiblill  chicHv  by  tlicir  ni;inulaciure-i  of 
linen,  crape,  f'ulrian,  and  thread,  or  by  iileacliing,  and 
the  f.de  ot  tluir  cattle,  butter,  cheefe,  liorfcs,  wool, 
and  coal.  Appcii/el  is  the  canita!  ol'  this  canton,  and 
divukd  into  twelve  coiiiniunit!L-s;  f!.\-,  called  the  in- 
terior, are  l^oman  Catholics;  the  other  fix,  called  the 
extmor,  arc  Protellants. 

We  ili.ill  now  proceed  to  tlie  feveral  bailiwicks  that 
belong,   I'l  common,  to  cen.iin  cantons.     And  lirll 

The  nailiwickof  Tiicroac,  which  takes  its  name 
from  the  river  'I'hur,  that  travcrlL^  it,  is  very  large  and 
I'.ojiulous,  and  though  fonicw  hat  mountaiivnis,  in  i;e- 
lural  tolerably  fertile.  A'-.out  one  third  ot'  i:-;  inha'ii- 
tant ;  are  I'apills,  and  the  ixH  Piotelhmts.  The  chief 
pla  cs  in  it  are 

ri.uienfeld,  the  capital,  which  flands  on  the  river 
Murk.  Here  the  Diet  of  the  Svvifs  is  held.  In  i--  i  the 
greater  part  of  this  tovwi  was  burnt,  but  it  has  been 
almol)  w  holly  rebuilt. 

Dilienholeii,  a  i  onliderable  town  on  the  Rhine, over 
v.Ik.Ii  ir  has  a  bridge,  enjovs  great  ]iiivilege5.  1  lie 
magillra.  y  is  comiKifed  paitlv  ot  Rapills,  and  partly 
(jf  I'roti  Ihints. 

I  he  Hailiw  ii  k  of  the  Rni  iNrii  vi.  is  about  20  miles 
long,  and,  ^  w  here  broad^ll,  and  is  truittul  both  in  corn 
ami  wine,  cl'iiecially  the  latter.  'I'hcre  is  a  i  ryllal  ])!t 
in  it,  in  whiih  a  vall  ileal  of  yellow,  brown,  and 
white  tranfrarcnt  crvltal  is  found.  Moil  ofthe  inlialii- 
tants  are  I'rotellanis.  The  fovi.eignty  of  it  belongi 
to  nine  cantons,  w/..  Berne,  /.uriih,  1  .uccrne.Schweii/, 
(I'lans,  Uri,  l.nderwald,  '/.lu',  and  .Ajipenzel,  who 
alteriiatelv  appoint  a  baililV  evcrv  two  years;  but  the 
abbot  i^i  St.  CJall  has  not  onli  a  Ih.ire  ol'  the  juru'die- 
lion,   but  a  great  revenue  t'rom  it. 

T!ie  B.iiiiwick  ot'  S\r(,vns  is  about  :.|.  miles  in 
lengtig  and  5  or  6  in  breadth.  Its  mountains  i\.xd 
great  numbers  of  I attle,  and  its  vallies  produce  corn 
and  fruit.  The  iiih.ibitants  are  partly  I'apitls  aiul 
partK  Rrotellants.  It  is  divided  into  the  Upper  ami 
i  .ouer  Saigaiis;  but  miiher  ol'  them  contain  any  tli.iig 
remarkable,   excip.t 

I'icll'ets,  a  'icli  Benedii.Tinc  abbev,  uhofe  abbot  is 
a  prince  ofthe  empire,  .\botit  a  mile  and  a  h.alt  from 
thi'  convent  is  a  t'.imous  hot  bath  belongiii;!;  to  the 
abbev,  the 
being  im]ire 
and  v.u'ious  iiieial 


atcrofiihiih  is  good  lor  nian\  didempers, 
gnatid  with  fpirit  of  fulphur,  nitre,  vitriol, 


T 


le 


\uliwici 


\srri«   is   cliiclU    nuiunta:nous. 


notwithltanding  which  it  is  far  from  being  iintruittui 


The   inhabitaiiLs 
held 


everv  two  vcars,  anil  acouiici 


ranilt  ; 
'  1 


Thi 


ilh 


lias  a  uicc 
ith  two  courts 


ifiuHi 


me  forced  and  another  tor  criminal  caule 


in  all  which  the  baiiiit'jirciid.i- 
nuiitioning'  here  :■ 


Ti 


10  «^ 


inly  place  wo 


M.a:; 


•th 


foj 


A  MAN.  ROYAI,   ^^r)  AUTUFMir  ?^VS  l  IM  or  r\!Vi;KS\I.  CMK^RAPIIV 


i'M    I 


!l!^^ 


.' < '  ( 


^f  •  It 


t  i. 


Sihaiiis,  i;i  V,  liiih 


.ih'iHV  lor  l..i1u's.    I 


alMHls  !s  a  pr 


hKil'i  (<!'  ti-.c  I'lr.piic,  :iiu 


i  DbliiiCil  tl)  li.ul 


a  Inric  iitc  ;  tl-.iiii'rh  lur  inms  m;i.-  n\airv. 


'r!ic   I'.ii'iuuk   (It    L  :  'NAin  was  jniii  hallil  In  tlu- 
l-.\\>.;t.'.  -.V'id  (ilaris,  In    whdm  a  Iniiiili' is 


r;uiti>i?:.  V 


aiipoii 


ItCil 


.ilLiina.i  Iv  tvci »  two  \i.-.u> 


hut  wli 


(.11    It    IS 


tlic  tuiii  (if  I'nv  latter,  iu  iv  n(iiniiiati.tl  bv  the  I'.ipill 


aliiiu', 


•i-  iiihaii 


•Ihc    1 


;ants  lu'iii^  ir.ofU}  ot'  tliat  j't'tluali' 


)aih«  u  k  (It 


c;.\Mt 


t;s   IS   luliici-'i   to   flu'  l.mii.- 


( aiuoi'.s  as  the  l,)rnuT,  a:ul  (.ni(>\s  inuc 


h  the  r.iii\e  y 


rile   Town  nt   K  M'lTU'^eii'A  !  ii ,  with   iis 


Dill 


:es   1  ;    mil; .-  li. 


<\   (il 


1 1.1, 
(in  the  lake.       h 


is  .1  i;ooil  town,  aiui  uel!  tortilieil.    1  he  wtnuleii  hri(l;;( 
whii  h  e\:i  iiiK  triiiii  Ik  iu  e  toa  point  ol  lan>.l  in  the  lake 


IS   ;-.iar  Iwo  link's  ni  kiiutli,  \et  it   is  leiiiar 


kah! 


c  tliat 


It    IS   ti 

lidc. 


itireh, 


o}-eii,  theie  nn 


t  lieiiig  any  lails  on  eiilur 


The   inliahitants,   wlui  are   Konian   (."a 


|0v  thi 


ir  atieient   prni 


iPikr  th.e   1 


inereij/iitN 


ot"  /urieh  anl  15i  rne. 


Tl 


;c  (."oiintN  and  hailiuies  of  I5\iii:\  is  about  lew  n 


;ii:iies  ill    len'jtii,  aiul    three    in    liieae 

b 


ith  ; 


is  \\atiii.e 


he   il-ree   naMi;al'ie    riNer.--,   am!   is    liilv.ra    to 


H, 


llTi 


'.iiruh,  ar.Li   lll.iiis,  w 


iho  I'eni  a  baiMl  in  tuii 


:'L',ion  i>  nn\e 
Uaiieii,  ti;e 


;J,   hi 


Catl- 


le  [-reiloiiunaie- 


rof  the  K 


oiiuuis,  i:,  lit'.ia- 


i^u  on 


the  river  Limir.att,  in  a  nariou  plain,  betue 


en 


In  ba: 


:is  were  ramoii)  iiiiiier  Au|;u!lu> 


a'ter;  aiiiJ   abuiulanec  of  ant: 


nilf.ej 


in 


a  lit;:e  ililtance  ironi  tl-.e  i:v.mi. 


\ery    le:i:i 
Leei  fouiui  h 
The  hot  h 

beio'A  ir,  and  en  tl'e  banks  ot' the  I  .ininiatt.  Tl-ejjrial 
bathis  are  o:i  the  lett  bank,  1  iuve  are  lixiv  ol'  them, 
larjre  and  eoiiinuuiioii-,  in  the  luiiils  and  liHi.;in:;- 
hoiites:  and  in  ll'.e  iriddie  ol  liie  town  are  ]iiib]i,  open 
baih.s  for  the  iile  if  the  poor.  Th.ey  are  all  liipplied 
Iv.  fe\e!i  fprin:;s. 

Tin  I  i<r.  Am  :s_  or  Piio\  im  ;  s^are  d:\id,ed  i;;:o  L'p- 
p.r  ..;'.d  1  owir,  in  both  ol  uhuli  the  foil  is  \eiv  limr- 
iid.  'il-.e  inhaliit.ints  are  ivonian  Caihohi  s.  The  on!', 
p!.'.  e  in  ;t-e;;i  \sonh  inentioiimj;  i.,  Muri,  an  opulent 
.v.d  edelirated  lJei-icd;^:tine  abbey,  on  the  ii\cr  l>un/, 
t;-,^  abbo:  of  wh.ich  is  a  ininee  ol  the  empire,  and  mi- 
i>u>'  aieb.  under  the  pope. 

I. 'iJer  the  ;oin:  fo\er(i.;niy  ot'  /u:ie!i,  lieim  and 
(iiaiis,  .'.re  '.:•..■  towns  ol  Bnnv^oiten  ,iiui  \K  ll:i!;;ini  ; 
t '.0  !.-:imroi  \' in.  h  eari  ies  on  a  ;;ood  tr.ide,  ifpeiiaKv 
i;\  ii'e  r,uni;I...ti;!e  (;I[;:'.;'er;  bi.t  the  latter  is  ,iuon- 
lii'er.r^ie. 

Oi  t'le  eon-.nion  baibuii  ks  in  Sw  itv'erl.irid,  the  re- 
!';.'.:::.:i;.':  1  ''ir,  \:/.  Si  liu ar/enhuij.;,  Morat,  (iiand- 
i  :i,  a:id  r  1.  iiahi'i-,  are  i"ider  the  joint  Ic  .eiei;',iu\ 
ol  bri.a!'!  fnlvsr;'.  I'he  inhalntants  of  th.e  three 
li..'  .lie  I'nte!',;;-,!  ;  ln:l  thole  of  th.e  lall  are  p.iitle 
I're-  •i.i"-.  .:-.lp.u;:.   I'apills. 

i  '  ;.  \i  I  ■  s  ;-•,!';  \'  i>  ;  s  lie  in  hab.'  at  tlie  toot  of 
ihi,  '■'.■  .  1  1  v  .lie  !";\e'i  in  iiuml  er,  naiuel^',  Iklleii/, 
k:..,:.  ;  !'■'.'■,  '>.d!.  di  lire^no,  l.auis,  I  .i::.;L;.ines, 
,Nb, .•..„.:  .r  \.i\  M.i.-;a,  and  .Mer.d.iii.  'I'h'e',  ,iie 
a':i  :■  i:'.i.pi,i-,  I',,  r  tolu'abb-  feitde.  The  inluiL'i- 
t;,r.     .i\]  I"      -,  ^ii;  I  lyi.-.l  the  Italiui  l.nv_;iia|.;e. 

L. •.■.'■  !  ■  I'To'.  'M!!  ii;  I  , II.  erne,  L'li,  S.i'.v.ei;/, 
;"d  I  n.'  1- .i!..!  11,  au-  In  .il'Li^  Abbe\,  and  the 
)i(ii:)'.:>j'.i  Ol   C  itil.i'.i. 


of  t'le  (  ailtons,  1: 


Is  dejiities    have  a   le.U  aiul  \oiee  in 


th.e  m  lerai  diets  and  iiinliiifis  of  the  eonledera.ey.   1  i(. 
h.is  the  difpof.il  ol   ,ill   heiieliies  in  his  tiintorus,  .i:id 


tiie  ni'iirnation  of  all  iud;.',es  and  olliee; 


ri-.e  I. 


lun  of  St.  C;  Ml.  IS  lituated 


i: 


T 


uiiL^na,  ne.ir  the  ruerSteina.  h. 


It 


lijier 


is  \erv  laii;e  aiiij 
1' 


noMiilo'.is,  an. I  its  mlvilnta'its  are  mollly  1  rotellan;. 
whieh  oeialioiis  difiuites  bet'.veen  tlieiii  ami  tiie  ahboi 
about  reli|.';ion.  1  leie  are  feveral  (  hu!(!ie>.  a  '  .mn.i 
liimi,  a  to\\n-hou!e,  an  alms-iioufe,  an. I  an  arl"en.i! 
Ihe  t(n\n  was  formerly  fiib|eel  to  tlic  abf.ot;  but  it  i.. 
nou  a  repiiblie,  iind  fends  deputies  to  the  (.'eneral  diet 
The  !;.i\ernment  :s  aiilbieratu.il.      The  inhabitants  o 


^t.  (.; 


■Ill  are  un..'.itiimo 


ilv  imiiillrious,  and  ha\e  ai 


teiilue  loniiiieri  e  in  the  maiv.il.icUires  ol  linen,  nuilli 


ami  eiiibroidi 


'L'l'e  arts  and  feieiiees  are  eiilii\ated. 


.■ia:i:re   is  i.i  s'reat   c'.teeni. 


■ri 


leir  li!]rar\-   ii 


ample,  and  we'!  ^'riaiv^e. 


'I'lie    Bill; 


oi'.i  r.    ol   I)  \si.r  1 


I'ltuatcd  on  the  lake  iti 


ihii  !i  It  !;i\es  nanu-.      .\t  the  I'.iiiioiis  p.ifs  of  the  roek. 


V 


V 


loiiU  ro.  k  r.L.ir 


is  ;6,  an 


.1    its 


.  r;,.  ,  tl..'  r.Kul  IS  (arrie.!  thrmii^h  a 
c.  f.etilikk.  I'Ik' hei::lit  of  the  artii 
leidth  i;.    'i  I'.e  roek   iiKlf,  an(J  f(K):i 


a.liaient,   alior.t.i  ver-.'  romantii:  prolpe.t. 


1  lie  I,  ountr\  ol    II 
ivir:-,  <  alle.';  I  e.'.!';:e 


( !i<lSsONS  is  dl\ 


1.1 


iito  three 


in.i  di'.liniruifl'.e.l  bv  the  feveral 


d.  noniiiiations    ot   tii;'   (iiitiuii   or   ti'rev     I.e.i. 


ue,  tlic 


(). 


Ill:    C'.w  ros  ;. 


Tl  lb".  S\\il.al;;.  ."  ■  I'l  ,fe  who  arc  unite, 1  to  the 
I  annuls  by  a  lol.::.n  I  ;'!e,  r.i  eonl'eqiieni  e  ot  whuh 
th.  .  ha\t  ,ivot'  in;iu  i  .ui'.n.oh.  s.    llu'v  ari  a^  |.)llow  : 

'1  he  .\bbe/ol  S'.  (  :  '  i  i  ,  ■.■hoi,  abbot  is  l.i'.i  lelf.ll  of 
til'.  '  .ilie.i  the  I'atiihionvol  .'••.(  ;,ii!,  i .  fuuate.i  lvt\'.  een 
/,.;!■•  il  anil  the  lake  ul  (.onll.uue.  'Ihe  alibe\ ,  uliith. 
),  ol  tiv  1/1  Midi.-  ;r,e  or.K  r,  is  \er;  Ipai  lous,  and  i  oii- 
lii'i  a  jiai  .  e,  a  coir,  e:'.',  i:  d  li'.iii.ii,  and  a  lil)iar\. 
Th'-  :v.  luher  ol  monks  u  i  o,  !>.,  and  tiom  amon^', 
wlioih  t:.'- ablxir  is  I  hof  :i,   who   is  imiiiediatelv  fubie.'t 


.-.i   lie  ol   tl 
l\n  br.  iflKt 


il. 


>f  (i.)  I,  and  the  League  of  ihc 


'til  of  tiie  whol 


e  IS  a  pout 


d  :; 


,.lth  (o.      1: 


m  reneta 


n',ii;,:'.;aiiious  cmni; 


but 


[■iroiUiees  mo 


Il  of  the 


L'f- 


o  tile  pone,    ai 


;..l  a  pr 


iIKe  Ol    the  (1111 'lie. 


I.iiie-  ol  111','.  Ill-  ;!i'".abil;!nts  .lie  j'.irtb  i'apills,  and 
pir'.lv  i'roti '.'m:;;  s.  b  i  it  of  th.e  beaj;iies  is  bibd:- 
\:,;e.l  into  I.Mial  li'.ler  ( oiuinunities,  whith  are  fi) 
nianv  deli'.ocr.i^^ies,  e\ery  male  above  l(' having  a  Iharc 
m  tile  i^oseniment  of  tiie  eomuiunity ,  .'.lid  a  vote  in  the 
eieetion  of  ma;..;!!! rates.  Deputies  from  the  feveral 
(•on!miiniti(s  ( oiubtute  'he  oeiieral  diet  ol  tiie  Cirilliin 
Leagues,  wi'.ii  ii  meets  annual]'.,  and  altermUily,  at  the 
capital  of  eaeii  l.i:ii;iie;  but  the\  e.m  colli  hide  iiotliuur 
without  tliei  onfeii' oi   li'.eir  conibtueilts. 

■j  he  (l::liiin,  orCiiev  I  .eainie,  is  divided  into  ei_;h.t 
d;lb  !,  Is,  win,  h  I  oiit.iin  fe\i  r.il  final  1  vill.iges;  but  nei- 
th.er  ol    llum  inent  paituidar  notice. 

'1  he  1  e.lL^ue  of  tl'ic  1  Unife  of  (io.!  i ,  the  moll  CO!'- 
fiderai:;;'  ol  ti'e  ti'.ue,  an. I  lontams  l.!iie\ery  his;h 
iiMHint.iiiis.  I  l-,r  .'h..  fill  It  h.is  t!  I  trh'  of  I'reliddr, 
.',".;  Is  I  le.  lid.  a '.'M.i'!  .  1:  !. divide. 1  ,;u.)  twi)<^ie.iL 
I  "Uimiinities,  a:;.!  tl!i'.;i  ,i  ,.ii,i  into  Inialler,  called  Ju- 
iildi  tions.   Th.e  pniv  ipai  pl.i  e  o!  note  ;:i  it  :s 

rone,  or  t'hiir,  ti-e  .  .ipiMl  not  o;dy  of  the  l,ea.;ue, 
but  ol  li;ew::oh'  iejiirii  .  i:  isl.ii..'e  ailil  populoi:.-., 
.ind  il-i  Iiei;.'hh.)urhiOo.i  bevuifuilv  iii\ei,if'ed  willi  lulls, 
pl.iii) .,  \  ineiards,  corn  I;,  his,  and  ou  haids.  I  lere  aio 
fe'.ei'.il  (  h.'.ir.  !i;  .,  an.ufen.il,  a  ((ille;'e,  .i  ..'lammar- 
ii  h.ool,  a  i',i.;:i,ir\  ,  aivl  a  tow  n-hoiile,  in  w  hi.  h  is  held, 
once  in  tliue  \e.iis,  the  ;.',neial  d;i;,  a.ul  alio  the  e.\- 
tr.iordman  die:..,  and  the  con;,ielK  s. 

'1  iie  l.e.ii'.ue  of  tlie  Ten  Juiildu  tions  is  th.e  bnallell 
K'\  the  three,  a:id  divi.ied  ir.t.i  le'.en  oniiuunities, 
out  of  whuii  tile  (Iiiet  is  ann',;ali\'  cliofen  by  t.irns. 
'I'he  I'ountry  (onliUs,  for  tl.e  moll  p:ut,  of  nii'ged 
iiioiint.iMi .,  '.Hiding  i.eith.er  1  orii  or  unit,  i,\iept  oji 
tile  b.inks  of  t!ie  Riii:ie,  an.i  .i  li.  w  other  pl.i.  es ;  but 
ai'ouiuinu;  III  hoi'fe.s,  (attic,  hlh,  mdk,  butter,  and 
I  heele,  ol  all  whu  h  there  is  a  conliderable  exportation. 
The  hinguai^e  fpokiii  inn;encral  iitlie  (Jerinan. 

The  lountries  or  territories  fubieet  to  the  (irillbu 
Leagues  he  at  the  loot  ol  t!ie  .Mps,  near  ih.e  ciiti.inec 
ol  li.il\ ,  a:ul  (  oirill  .  ol  ti;e  \  .I'.teline,  a:\l  th.e  ■.  ounties 
ol'  Hoiinio  .ind  Cl:i  i\e:ii',a,  ail  ol  vdii.h  .ue  \eiy  kr- 
tile,  li'it  do  not  lont.iiM  .\:v.  tliiii;;  rem.u  k.i'  le.  Tlic 
language  is  a  (  oi  i  i:pi  llali.in,  and  the  n  1;  :;o:i  I'operv, 

The  Hai'onv  of  1  I.M.in  s',  1 1  is  i,  iiiuler  the  protec- 
tion ol  the  (I'lilNin  Leagues,  aii.i  takes  its  iKiii.e  fr()iii 
the  Mll.ige  of  I  laideiillcin,  wiu'li  has  a  pala.  e  m  it, 
and  a  fiii.ill  i  allle.  'I'lie  inhauitaiMs  (jf  tliu  b.irony 
are  I'loici'uUU-,. 

Thf 


0(;R  Al'IlV. 

lu-  .1   lial  an.i  \<)ii  c  in 

lit    till-   IdHll'lifl^Uy.     1  ir 

s  111  Ills  tiiriti>ni.s,  .i:ul 
\A  oll'ui;^. 

liuiati\l  111  till'  L'piHT 
h.  Il  l^  M  r\  I.U;;c-  aiiil 
,11  f  mulily  I'roitll.iiK-, 
en  ;l'.uii  ;in>i  tlii-  alil).,; 
ral  I  lain  !ii-.  a  ■  ,  Mit;;i  ■ 
'•mill',  a;i,l  an  arlcna!. 
:  to  tlic  aM.dt;  but  ii  i; 
iiics  to  the  irciu'ral  dii  i . 
il.  'i'lu-  inluihitaiii-.  m' 
llriou^,  anii  luuc  an  i\'- 
.uUiif^  ol  Inicn,  tiiullm, 
I  Iric'iuis  arc  (■ulli\aii.'Ll, 
.•em.       'I'Ik-ii-  libran-   u 

I'ltuatcil  on  the  lake  to 
laiuoiis  jials  of  the  loek, 
ui  H   cairieil   tiirough  ,i 

ri:e  hei:,'lu  ol'the'areh 
niek  iilell',  and  I'iXJii 
ic  prol'iK.  t. 
i)\-i  is  diNiJeJ  into  tlirec 
lintriiill-.e,!  I'v  the  feveral 
1  or  li'ii  V  l.iaj^ue,  the 
,  aiul  the  League  ol  the 
til  oi  the  «  hole  is  aboiit 
3.  1:  i>,  111  general,  a 
uluecs  nuill  oltlie  r.ecef- 
;n  are  partiv  i'apills,  ami 

[lie  1  .eajMies  is  i'uiHJ:- 
uuunities,  w  hii  h  aie  I'd 
e  above  i  (■  iia\  iiig  a  lliarc 
luiiiit} ,  ,MiJ  a  vote  in  the 
piilies  tVoiii  the  fe\enil 
iieral  diet  o!  tile  CirilKiii 
]■. ,  and  alteraattly,  at  tlic 
u'\  I  an  toiiLhule  noihiiis'" 
;)nitituenti. 

'ue,  is  divided  into  ei^ht 
',1  liiiall  siilages;   but  nei- 

■  )l()i,;e. 

ol  (lo.l  i.  the  moll  eo"- 
ennrams  l.-ine  \ery  liij;h 
la-i  til  trie  ol'  I'relidiii', 
I..  di\ided  ,nto  tuo  ;.;ieaL 
1  into  liiialler,  ea'.ied  Ju- 

e  o!  note  ::i  ir  :.s 
I  r.i'.t  ti.:\\  ot  til.-  I.ea(;ue, 
I;   1-.  I.ii jT  and  pojniliu:.-., 
iiiU  uisei  .il'ed  w  itii  hiiis, 

and  iMv  luuiK.    I  lere  aio 

a  1  ulii  "1-,  a  'rainniar- 
i-liin:le,  in  w  hn  li  is  held, 
ral  (i;e;,  a.ul  alio  the  e.\- 

l;,uHis. 

inlilKiiixii  is  tl;e  fniallell 
r.t.i  Iv.'.en  iMiniiiiinities, 
ilii;;all\  i  holeii  li)  I  .irns. 
le    moll    pan,   ol    riii'^iil 

I  lu  II  or    II  lilt,  ex.  epl    ojl 
a   II  u   oihir  pLii  es;  but 

lilh,  milk,    luiiter,  and 
,  tonlideiable  exportation, 
ral  i<  the  d'erinan. 
es   riib;e.'t   to  tile  (oillon 

■  Al;)s,  near  ilie  eniuuKC 
altelinc,  a:id  tlic  '.  omities 
ill  ol'  \ilii,  h  aie  \ei  v  hr- 
tliiii;;  rem:'.;  k.i'.de.  '1  he 
and  the  reli;;io:i  I'ojierv. 

I I  IN  i>  iii.der  the  proiee- 
an  I  lakes  Us  nan.e  Iroiii 

u  111'  h  has  a  pahii  e  in  it, 
ihaLiitants  ol    t!u,  barony 

The 


f 


ruROPi:.] 

The  country  called  the  V\t.\|s,  in  aili.mcc  or  con- 
federacy with  the  S'.vils  C'liitoiis,  is  (jiie  laruic  vale, 
bounded  by  verv  high  mountains.  It  is  divided  into 
L[)pir  and  Lower.  The  (ojl  is  lertde  in  corn,  wine, 
and  \arious  forts  ot  fruits. 

In  the  U[)pcr  Valais  au  ;!.e  ;'.inioi:s  liot  baths  called 
the  baths  of  l,eu<  k. 

In  tli<'  dillrict  ot  Raro;;iie,  belongiiij^  alio  to  the 
Llpper  N'.ilais,  are  the  ruins  ol  the  eallle  of  Chatil- 
loii,  orC.'hiUon,  biii'nipon  a  roi  k,  v.  ith  a  very  narrow 
roail  between  the  calllc  and  tlie  iiioiintain.  It  has 
galleries,  battlements,  ;\,  .  a'ld  uas  verv  llioiig  before 
the  invention  ol  artillery;  l;i;t  is  entirely  commanded 
by  the  nioiuitain. 

Rarogni-,  I'rom  whence  thedlllriel  derives  its  name, 
Mith  t!u  ruins  of  thecaltlc,  olthefime  name,  together 
with  the  adiaceni  fpot,  exhibit,  among  other  antiqui- 
ttes,  a  mel.iiu  liolv  proof  of  the  imp.iiiiiig  clients  of 
time,  uhuc  the}-  prefent  a  view  at  once  drear)  an. 1 
roiran'.  c. 

in  the  l.oucr  Valais  is  the  famous  mountain  of  .Sr. 
Bernard,  which  has  on  its  toji  aionveni,  where  the 
friars  maintain  all  tr.ivelleis  tor  three  dav  sgratis,  whe- 
ther I'.iralfs  or   I'lotellaiiis. 

I'he  inh.ibitants  are  ot'  lliort  ifiture,  tawny  com- 
|)lcxions,  an.i  wi.ant  counten.inces.  1;  r:  uncommon 
to  find  either  a  man  or  uoni.m  without  large  fwilhngs 
in  the  throat.  The  people  exhibiteii  to  the  public  of 
this  iiie;ro(n)lis  fi;me  time  a/o,  cillcd  "  Monltrous 
Craws,"  uer.Mi(uli)ubt  nativesof  this  country  ;  though 
credulity  I  .in;;,hr  th.e  bait  held  fortii  by  impollors  to 
allure.  I'lvile '.'.  ho  Ipciik  (lerm-in  rellmble  the  .Sw  it"- ; 
the  riC!  iire  like  tlie  .Sa\o;ards.  'I'liey  are,  in  general, 
Kiiniiin  C';ilh"!i(  ^. 

'I'he  tmui  of  \lrmii\i  -r\  is  f.irgc,  well  built, 
popi.loits  and  adorned  v.  itii  feveral  i  hurches,  and 
oihir  good  ilruetures.  Tlie  inhabitants  are  I'pitef- 
tani ^.  Thou;;,h  this  town  is  in  alli.ince  with  the  Fro- 
tell.int  cantons,  \  el  il  fends  no  de|)Uty  tt)  the  genera! 
diet. 

The  l\.-ptil-!i.'  of  (;  V!  \  \  IS  on  the  cotifines  ci  .'^a- 
vov,  Irani  e,  and  .Swil/.erland,  in  ^h  degrees  ij 
lu.niites  north  latitude.  It  is  pkafantly  litiiatedon  the 
b.'.tiks  uf  the  ii\e!'  Rhone,  Jul!  where  it  emerges  from 
tl'..-  l.ike.  'lie  llreets  are,  in  general,  wide,  clean, 
uid  well  paved.  The  h.oufes  aremollly  built  of  Iree- 
I'.one,  with  lime-Hone  Ixil'iiiu  llts.  The  Maifon  de 
\'ilie,  or  town  lioufe,  i-  a  large  pl.iiii,  ancient  b;:ild- 
ing,  \iith  great  rocii's  lor  the  i  ouiu  ils  to  alfeiiiMe  in, 
and  lu:  p'ibhc  cnteriainment  >.  In  one  of  them  there 
ia  v.^ekU  (oiu'ert  I;-  I'ubfi  iption  during  the  winter 
f..ifon.  'fl.iie  ;ire  li\e  ihuri  lies  h.ere,  bflide;  I'rench, 
li.ili.iii,  and  (ierniiin  chiipeis.  Tl-.eac.uliniy  has  iibout 
<'  jfih.olars,  a:id  ii  profell'ors.  Small  medals  arc  an- 
iii:.il!\  dillrilnited  to  thofe  who  ha\e  diUinguilhed 
themleUes  m  e.u  h  i  l.ils.  The  pubh.  libr.iry  has  near 
40,;:d  '.Illumes  of  [nintnl  books,  lulkks  a  g.oo.l  col- 
le.iion  ot  m.uuili  ripts.  'I  he  i  iti/eiis  ha\  e  the  lilu  1 1\- 
bi>:h  of  It  I'liling  luii,  ;'.;i,l  borrowing  books.  The 
arf'-nal  i,  in  goo. I  ordicr,  iind  tiirailhed  with  amis  f)r 
I  ;,_-.,:■  tiicn.  The  hofpit.il  i^  a  kirge  haiuirome  build- 
111;',.  The  pub'ic  fountiiins  aie  fupplied  b)- an  !v,\iraii- 
\i  engine.  '1  lie  I'oriitii  atioiis  are  in  the  modern  llile 
<'n  tlie  fide  ol'  .Sa\o'. ,  I'.ut  are  commanded  b\'  lome  of 
tli;-  lu-ighboLiriiv;  ground.  On  the  tide  ot'  j-'raiue, 
the'  are  old  l.'.ll.ioiied.  'I'hey  are  i  akulated  rather  to 
pre\tiit  a  I'm  pi  lie,  than  to  full.iiii  a  regular  liege. 
'I'hi)  l,a\(  three  I'.ite.  towar.ls  I'lance,  S:i\ii\,  a-,d 
.^w  il/erl.iiid.  All  .u  eels  by  the  kike  is  barred  In  .i 
double  ji.;t',  ,ind  chain.  1  he  g.ariilon  conlills  of  - :o 
men,  .Sw  ifs  or  ( I'eriiiiins. 

Tl'.e  linenign  p.owi  r  relides  in  the  general  allembh 
of  citi/e:is  and  burg,  li'ci,  who  f,.i\e  attained  the  age 
ol  2s  vears.  The  executive  power,  and  ailminilli.u 
lion  of  jiillice,  are  intrulled,  i.  to  the  couiieil  u!  :;, 
<  .illed  th(Tenate,  or  little  council.  ;.  '1  he  couiu  il  ol 
fi-s.  ■;.  The  coiinc'l  ofio.-^,  comprehending,  the  other 
two,  ,itid  coiililling;  now   of  230  members.     '1  he  fit- 


S    W    I     T    Z    E    R    L     .\     N    D, 


»i,r 


prcmc  magillrates  are  four  Indies,  cle.tcd  antv.ially 
by  the  general  alfembl).  Other  olfRers  are,  1.  IJe 
lieutenant,  ehofen  alfo  annualK.  2.  The  treafurer, 
elected  tor  three  years.  [\.  The  proiiiirator-general, 
alfo  for  three  years.  Inferior  de(sartnients  of  g(»\ern- 
meiit  and  police  are  mnnageel  by  committees,  call,  ,1 
Chambers. 

Theecclefiaftical  cnnllitution  is  |Hirel)  Piell'vteriiin, 
and  the  moll  tolerating  ol'  all  the  refirnud  liates. 

I'he  revenues  ol  government  are  a'lout  500,0011 
French  livres,  or  little  more  tlian  2.),ooo  [lounds  ller- 
ling. 

'I'he  law  ot  the  rtatc  is  the  Ron-'iin  l.iv.',  with  foni'.' 
modifications.  Thcy!ia\e  tici  titles  of  nobility  01  he- 
reditary dignities. 

Their  arts  and  manuhuuires  are  watch-making, 
jeweller'  ,  printed  cottons  and  linens,  jirinte.l  books, 
drelied  leailier,  and  fomc  other  fmaller  ariicle.J. 

.Since  the  late  troubles  a  tiieatre  has  b  en  built  with- 
in the  city.  The  only  public  diverlions  lielides  tli:s 
are  two  concerts.  Private  balls  are  nor  uiitrei]nent; 
and  plays  are  fometimes  performcl  hv  gentlemen  and 
ladles.  The  chief  amufement  is  (  ards,  at  which  the 
women  contlantl)'  play  in  their  to.ieries,  tca-drink- 
ings,  and  allembhcs.  Mott  of  the  men  meet  daily  in 
ti'.eir  circles  or  cKibs.  'i'he  12th  of  Pjcember  is  a 
kind  of  tlate  holiiki)',  kejit  in  n;  --.orv  ot  the  d'.ike  of 
Savo) 's  atiem]^t  upon  the  city;  and  called  the  ;!ay  of 
the  Ej'ii'.lr.ilc,  In  line  weathc;  there  is  a  great  refori  t.) 
the  'J  riille,  and  other  pttblic  walk.s. 

Tlie  teriitor)  ot"  (Jeneva  contains  about  feven  fipiarc 
leay,ue:.,  and  ; .  liivided  into  nine  parillies.  The  co'.in- 
try  roiMid  tlie  i  r.y  is  fo  varie.l,  thi.r  eery  vil'ag.-  and 
I  ami'ia'jne  prefents  I'relh  bea'.ities,  arillng  from  the  dit- 
terent  points  of  vie-.v  in  which  the  lake,  mo'.nitai;! :, 
and  thccountr)  prefent  ihcm!'il\es. 

The  like  of  Cienc.  a  is  hieily  a  dep.endent  of  th-.- 
cani:;n  of  B.rne.  'J'he  form  of  it  is  tli.it  oi  .1  cr.  '- 
cent.  With  the  horns  blunte. I.  '['he  !e:ig;!\  t'r.mi  C.e- 
neva  to  \'il!enei!\e,  ii  eigiiteen  Ireii.  h  leagues  aiid 
tiireeiiuarrers.  Th.e  ;':;"'.tell  brea.Uh  i,  three  lea",'!is 
and  a.^uarier.  It  ;s  '.^ry  ih.illow  lu'ar  (ienesa,  Init 
o!f  Meillerie  is  lo'.md  to  be  i^yO  I-'rench  feet  in  depth. 
I'liis  kike  owes  th.e  ■  l.;el'  p.ut  of  it,  Wiireis  to  the 
l-Ilione,  which  entus  .l  near  \  dleneue,  .md  goes  out 
ot  it  ag.iin  at  d'enev.i.  Tl.^r.-are,  however,  no  lets 
tiiiiii  thiitv-one  rivers  or  torrents,  and  nine  bro.iks,  be- 
lide^  the  Rhone,  tf.at  furnitli  ti'.eir  refjie.-tive  little  i[uo- 
t.is.  Tlie  great  melting  ot  ice  ai>d  fn.iw  in  the  m oxii- 
t.iinsocc.ilioiis  the  lake  to  be  !i\e  or  fix  ieet  higher  in 
fuiiimer  tlian  in  winter;  at  wlneli  I'eafbii  it  never 
t'lee/cs.  Itseuent,  the  e  le.iriiefs  of  its  waters,  a!id 
the  variety  and  beauty  of  the  couinrv  on  its  banks, 
iiKike  it  ilefervedly  ellceniej  one  of  tiic  iiiuii  k.kes  iii 
I'.iiror.e. 

Siiiingers  are  no  where  pi.nlded  with  a  grei'.ter  va- 
riet\' ot' coin  thiiii  at  lie;K'..i,  tlie  i.ione,  ol  almort' 
every  conn; i)  in  l'','.iri.pe  bang  .  nrreiit  here.  Tlie.  have 
iill'o  dill'erent  wa\s  t^'i  reckoning-,  be  li'.res,  and  livrci 
current.     'I  lu  ildl'ereiit  coins  ;ire  as  lollow: 


'1  he 


hAr 


Mil 


of  gold,  woith  tenlivies  of  (Jencva,  is 
l-areU  leeii.  1  lie  nil  of  li!\er.  Pi'-^es  of  21  foi  , 
aiui  ic.',  fill-  both  ii!\ir.  the  liv  re  is  nominal,  ■.\:\A 
worth  two  tlorins.  'lie  If  inn  is  vwirth  10  fe.!.  ■>!" 
I'l-aiiie,  or  12  ot'  Ci'en.va.  Pieces  ol'  (>  :in!  ;  foN,  1  ', 
fcl,  .J  fol,  and  ',  l-.'i.  This  kill  is  vsorlh  (>  denieis  of 
l-f-anee,  ov  2  ,gros  ol  this  countrv.  Thel'eare  I'l  co;-- 
pi-r  wiillied.  I'he  I  .I'Uis  d'or  Is  worth  14  Ir.r..  1  .' f 'Is 
ot  (ieneva.  I'h.e  l-'reneh  ecu  is  worth  \  livi\  .  1  _ '.  i'ols 
ot  Oeneva.  Plirce  livres  current  of  (J,  nev.i  i;-.-u.Mti\ 
from  52',  to  s(i[ienie  l-'.iiglilli,  accoriiiiv;  to  ihe  eouile 
ol  exi  li.inge. 

The  drefs  of  the  men  at  CJeneva  i.  c!'ie:'\  broad 
I  loth,  w  itho'.ir  laci- or  trliiimii'.,gs,  (-'.eept  lio.  ;.  Th;it 
ot  tl'.e  women  Is  f'lk  in  winter,  a-'.-.l  jiiint.-.l  cottons, 
whii  h  the\ call  InJieniK-^,  in  fiimnier. 

Thetituation  ot'  Cienevii  l-ciiU'-i  i-,::i  iiu  h  heallln  a:ul 


'htl 


aiKl 


>f  all  Ion 


'J. 


caili'.ol 


MiC 

be 


8c,: 


A  M'AV.  ROVAI.   \sn  AUTIIF.NTIC  SYSTF.M  or  UNIVF.rvUI.  Cr.OGRAlMrY, 


J. 


im  V 


U-'\r 


I'll- 
•if  J'  i-         ?       I 


W  a  iU-riral>li.-  jilaio  of  riM'kli'iicc-  tor  a  (h-aiv^tr.  'I'lu' 
riciuh  lan>;iiaj.',c  is  will  fpoki'ii  Ihti- ;  aiul  tluri.- is  alii) 
the  ir,oit  ixTlctl  iibcrtv ,  Ivnh  i  ivil  aiul  rclij^ions. 

At  I'triuv,  ill  the  vicinity  ot  Llencva,  is  tlic  toinli 
ol  the  (.tUhratal  Voltaire. 

s  !•:  c  r  ION   HI. 

Ll.\:r.::lcr  if  the  Sv::js.  Ifhold'onif  IaKvs  tin  J  Proli'  ':- 
lions.  .)/(■< /•.;*//».;/  Genius.  .■UmirabU  Effe"s  of  lie 
Ik!vc'icL::icn. 

Tin-'  inhabitants  ot'  Siwit/erlauil  are  iiniverfalK  -.w- 
knouleilj^ed  to  he  a  hra\e,  hai.iy,  anii  in  liil'- 
tnous  jH-oj-ile;  reiuaikable  liir  their  (iilelity  arui  /f.il- 
oiis  attaehir.ent  to  the  liberties  ol' their  country.  I, ike 
the  Romans  ot  oUI,  tliey  are  equally  inureii  to  arms 
aiki  ti)  aLjriCiiltiire.  'I'liey  are,  ingcneral,  ancnli>;hi- 
cnc.l  [Hople,  a  talk  lor  literature  being  uiiiverlally  pie- 
\'alent  air.oiiL;  thiin  ;  aiiil  a  j^eiv.iinc  aiul  unaril'iil  j;()oiI 
bicciling  is  conl'iileimiis  in  their  f^entry. 

Siiiiiptiiary  law>  are  in  t'orcc  in  moll  parts  of  Swit- 
zerlaiul;  a:v.l  noilaiuin;;  isalloweil  b'.ii  upon  parti'  ular 
occalions.  Silk,  lace,  aiul  I'everal  other  articles  of 
luxur\ ,  arc  totally  p.rohibitcei  in  Ionic  ot  iIk"  cantons; 
and  e\en  the  iicad  dreires  ot'  the  lailie.s  are  regariled. 
All;:;anu's  of  hazard  are  alio  llrictly  prohibittil ;  and 
a5  their  iii'.erlions  arc  chiefly  of  the  avtiveand  uailikc 
kind,  and  their  time  i^  not  walled  in  p;ame>  of  chance, 
manv  ot'  them  ininloy  part  of  their  leifure  in  readin;;, 
to  the  great    impiovciiient    ot'  their    iinilerllan.;i:i;';. 


The  youth  are  dilii^^cntly  trained  in  all  the  martial  e\- 
eri  lies. 

The  mechanical  j^eniiis  of  thcSwifs  is  wonderful; 
and  their  progrefs  m  all  the  numerous  branches  oi 
wall  h-makin  '  almoll  incrcilible.  Thelirif  w  itch  leeu 
lUihele  parts  vias  lirought  trom  London  in  i6-i),  w  hicli 
CM  ited  one  of  ilie  inhabitants  to  makeone.  I  L-  ;ic. 
coniplilhcd  his  |iurpo(e  unallilied.  A  late  intelligeiii 
traveller  obhrve.,  that  it  i--  a  great  lingiilaritv  to  fee 
the  mechanical  arts  tlounlhing  anudll  rocks;  imd  I'ui  h 
an  amazing  exportation  of  watthes  from  fjiots  which 
not  many  years  lincc  was  one  continued  t'orelh 

Amongll  the  chief  of  the  literati  of  this  rountry 
\ic  mention  CaKin,  wlio  inlhtiited  laws  tiir  the  env- 
oi'lieneva,  whiih  are  held  in  clleem  by  the  moll 
learned  ol  that  countrv :  Koulicau,  who  gave  a  torcc 
to  the  1  reiith  language,  which  it  was  thought  inca- 
pable of  rec;-i\  in;; ;  together  with  ,\1.  bonnet;  a, id 
Mell".  de  Saiilliireand  Dc  laic. 

\\  e  ol'i'-r-.  J  lalUy,  that  there  is  no  part  of  Furt'pc 
w!i,.h  contains,  w  ithin  the  fame  extent  ot  regions,  f,> 
nianv  iiide;i!-ndent  corunionwealihs,  anil  fuch  a  Narieiy 
<;!'  dill'erem  gmernnients,  as  arc  collected  together  in 
thi..  icmaikal-,le  cmintrv;  ami  yet  wiili  fuch  wifdoin 
was  the  HcKefic  Union  compofed,  ami  fo  little  havc 
tl.e  Swils  ol  late  years  been  aOtuatctl  by  the  I'jiirit  of 
conqucll,  that  lin< c  the  cllablilhment  of  their  general 
conteikiat  \ ,  they  have  fi  arcely  had  occalion  to  em- 
]ilo\  thiir  aims  agiin'l  a  I' 'reign  cnemv,  and  have  haj 
no  hollile  commotions  that  weie  not  locii  h'.j/pily  ter- 
minated. 


C     II     \     \\       X\'II. 


I 


A 


L 


Y. 


s  1-:  c-  r  I  ()  N    T. 

''i:u.:::c::,  E:  '■■':',   ";/'J.'.-.'., '-■-..-,   Mcunlaiii:,   Riit'fs,  C.\'i- 

;-. ■..-,-!•,  Sci.',  ri<,iif(./:o.<:s,   i::  c 

^I  '!  US  country,  celebrated  tor  havingbcen  on,  e  tl.e 
JL  '.'a',  ol  iln- Ronian  cm[iir.-,  of  the  niul'i .-,  of  arm-, 
ar.il  r.l  a, ;-,  but  now  i  c:;ilidcrable  fo  tar  only  a-  ilu- 
vel'.igc- c,  ;i.>  lornicr  grcatnefs  can  bcraccd,  is  titu- 
atcii  be'.'.^n-;!  ,-  and  4''  dcLiiiic.-.  ot  lunth  lat.  and  be- 
tween -  and  |0  de;;ins  ol  call  I'lilg.  ll>  length  is 
;ib('Ut  I  .);)  mill.-,  .v.-A  11-  iitiiioll  breadth  about  400. 
It^  bnjpdarics  arc  Iraiue,  "-..•,  i"7crla;id,  and  (Icrnian-., 
on  the  north;  t!:e  .Adriatic  en  t'c.e  call  ;  and  the  Mc- 
i!itcira;-.c.in  I'li  thcl't.uth  ai.d  well.  It,  figure  is  geiic- 
rai!'.  li  ;;/'aicd  to  that  ot  a  boot. 

'li.i  I  l..tl  ii.onirLam-.  c'l'  It.ily  are  the  Appcniiu  ■,  and 
the  Air-:  tl.e  t'ormer  run  tiie  whole  length  ol  iivj 
countr\ ,  Iroiu  ivii;h-wed  to  foiith-eall ;  the  latter e\- 
r:-;id  trom  the  nver  \'ar,  near  Nice,  to  the  .Adriatic. 
Tl-.c  p,rii-.>  ;;al  ri\cr3  are  t'-.e  I'o,  .Adiga,  .Arno,  Adda, 
^c.  Ik'fu'.i  -  i'ui'c,  and  I. .me  other  rivers,  a  g.-.at 
luimbcr  ol  lakt,  are  fjitad  throughout  tl-.e  wl.nle 
coiinri} . 

'I  he  air  of  Italy  i,Mr\  uil.'iicnr,  accoriling  to  t!ic 
dilferent  llruation^  I'f  i!;l  l',\eial  countries  contained  m 
it.  In  th.olc  on  \\\  ;.r;;;i  vi  ih.e  Appenines  it  is  more 
temperate,  but  in  i;...:'e  ci  ;:-e  fouih  gi  ncrally  very 
warm.  'I'lieairol  tic  Caiu]  aniaof  Home,  andolthe 
1  errarcfc,  i>  iinheahi!:  I,  w.-.  hi,  o-.\ing  tolhelaiul, 
nut  bein'4  dul;.  I  i;hi\,ui>i,  r.nr  the  marli'.e.  drained. 
'IhucI  the  other  pari-  1,  :(ikially  pure,  drv,  ami 
luallhy.  In  liimiiier  llic  i:f.".  1-  \eiy;'real  m  the  king- 
dom ol  N.ipKs,  and  would  beaiiuoll  intolerable,  il  it 
\-.as  not  fomewhat  alicviati.iby  the  fca-brei -/es.  'I'lie 
loil  'f  I;al;.,  in  general,  i-,  very  f.riile,  being  waieied 
b)-  a  ;',reat  luimber  oi  rivers.  It  produce.)  a  variety  of 
i 


uiiu's,  aU'.l  tlv  belt  oil  in  I'urope,  excellent  lilk  111 
abundance,  i  orii  of  all  fort.s,  but  not  in  fuch  p!eiit\' as 
in  fomeothir  louniiie,-;  oring(  s,  lemons,  citrons, 
]>omegr,inaies,  almond-,  lailins,  fug.ir,  mulberry-trees 
w;t!-.out  number,  figs,  tciiu-,  nectarines,  apricot.s, 
I'.ear.,  appio,  lilbeid.-,  ilmnuts,  ^:c.  Moll  of  theft- 
fiui;..  were  at  lirll  imiiorted  ly  tl.  ■  Romans  troin  .Alia 
Minor,  (iiecc,  Afiua,  .xr.d  Siii.i,  and  were  not  the 
natural  piouu^ts  of  ti;-.-  foil,  'i'lie  tender  plants  are 
lovercd  m  w.ntcr  on  the  ,".orth.-Iide  of  the  .\ppenines, 
but  on  tin-  fouth  tide  they  have  no  need  ol  it.  Thi.* 
country  alio  yield.-,  gooil  patlure,  and  abounds  with 
cattle,  Iheep,  goats,  bulFalos,  wild  lioars,  mules,  ami 
horfes.  The  tori  lis  arc  well  liored  with  gatiu  ;  and 
th.c  mouir.iins  yield  not  onh  mines  of  iron,  lead,  al- 
lum,  fulp.hur,  marble  ot  all  I'oits,  .ilabatler,  jafper,  por- 
plr,r\,  Cn:>  .  but  alio  gold  and  fiber,  w  i;h  a  >',rcat  va- 
riety of  aromatic  herbs,  trees,  tlirub-,,  and  evci-giceiis, 
as  thyme,  la-.inder,  laurel,  and  bays,  \uld  olive-trees, 
tamannd.i,  juniper,  c^aks,  pines,  ixc. 

S  I.  C  T   I   O  \      II. 

DivJiciiS  of  tbc  CoHliiicntu:  P.nis  of  ll.ih.     /\,y:hii- 
L:y  Dyirip/ioK  tf  <h: jivcrul  Pols. 

\\J^'-  I'l-i"  ariangc  our  del^riptioll  of  the  <onii- 
V'  neiiial  put,  of  this  iduntry  under  theldllou- 
inghead  ,  \:/  il.e  l-'.ccleliallical  .States,  or  I'ope's  Do. 
iiiiiiions;  the  kingdom  of  Naple-:;  I'icilmont;  Mont- 
fcrr.it,  or  .Montleri.it ;  Milan;  I'armaami  I'iacc/iza; 
Mndcna,  Vlaiitua,  \'eiuce,  (ieiioa,  and  'I'liliany. 

■)  lie  1  1 1  i.i-i  \-,iK  AT  .Sivii:,  whuh  is  tituatcd  in 
the  miikile  ol  Italy,  is  240  miies  loii;';,  but  its  breadth 
greatly  varies.  The  foil,  in  general,  is  excellent,  but 
badly  luliivatcvl,  the  pcojile  Ixing  remaikablv  idle, 
and  groll;  luperllilious.     'rherelormationgavca  great 

bluw 


i 


> 


OGRAriFY. 

icii  in  all  tlio  martial  cx- 

'  the  Swifs  is  WDiiilcrfiil ; 
u-  numerous  liratii  lies  ot 
ill'.  The  lirll  \v  Itch  ll-cii 
It  Loiuion  in  ib^cj.whii  !i 
s  to  make  OIK'.  I  le  ar- 
idetl.  A  lato  inteiji^eni. 
a  grea;  lininilaritv  to  IVl" 
!^  aniklll  roi  ks;  and  h\<  \\ 
Mi  lies  imin  Ipots  uhn  li 
continiieil  lorell. 

literati  ot  this  roiintry 
llituteil  laws  tor  the  city 

in  elleeni  liy  the  moll 
Lilieau,  who  irave  a  lorrc 
ich  it  was   thoiij^lir  iiu  a- 

wiih  M.  lionnei ;  a.ul 
c. 

lere  is  no  ji.trt  ol'  Ei:rc|n; 
'.imc  extent  ot  regions,  To 
.ealtlis,  anil  fiich  a  variety 
1  arc  colleited  together  in 
mi  vet  w  iih  fill  h  w  idiom 
iiiolei!,  and  lo  little  iiavt- 
;i  actuated  by  the  ipirit  of 
.ililliment  of  tlieir  {general 
-cely  had  occalion  to  em- 
.'ii'ii  enemy,  and  have  haj 
Mie  not  I'ocii  h:'.f.pily  ter- 


rurii[H',  eMillv'iu  lilk  ill 
,  Init  net  in  ladi  plent\'  as 
or»n;;cs,  lemons,  citrons, 
ins,  fiijvir,  miilherr)-trees 
■  he-,  ni'Olarines,  apricots, 
milts,  ^:c.  Moll  of  thel'e 
l.y  tlv  Roman.^  trom  Afia 
;d  Si  ri,),  and  were  nut  ilie 
il.  'i'he  tender  plants  are 
itl-.-!",.!e  of  the  Appenines, 
have  no  need  ot  it.  This 
'allure,  and  abounds  wiili 
)s,  \',  lid  lioars,  mules,  ami 
ell  llored  with  L;anu  ;  and 
V  mines  of  iron,  lead,  al- 
liii  tii,  alaballer,  jalper,  por- 
md  filver,  with  a  j',reat  va- 
s,  Ihriibs,  and  e\er-u;ieeiis, 
and  bays,  wild  oli\e-trees, 
lines,  6;i  . 

()  X      Jl. 

'  r.nis  of  ll.ily.     P..y:ii!t~ 

l.'.'i'jlVi'lcll  Pols. 

defi  ription  of  the  (onti- 
i  country  under  the  lollow- 
.illical  States,  or  I'ojic's  Do- 
Saji'.c;;  Piedmont;  Mont- 
Lm  ;   I'annaaad  I'iaccnza; 

( iciioa,  and  'I'lilcanv. 
I  \i !,,  wlui  h  c,  lituated  in 
miies  loii;?,,  but  its  breadth 
n  }.',eneral,  is  c\cellent,  but 
lie  being  rcmaikabl)'  idle, 
I  he  retormation  guve  a  j'reat 
blow 


11  m  \, 


h. 


V't 


Si' 


i  I  '  i 


I 


111  111 

111!' 
In 

all  ' 

L." 

n 


\\    N  I! 


^' 


trwi     B"^     ittn 


I'lTROPE.] 


I 


T      A       I, 


So,; 


llnW  to  till'  rpilitUP-l  power  of  lllC  pnpC.     I  1  ■,  ll'".\CV;r, 

llill  pullill'.'.  iii.  lemiior.ili!  immion'. 

'I'lic  Camiaiii.ior  Romu  i-  umlcr  tli  •  pope's  iiiiim.'- 
iliiiti:  p;()Vi.r:inKMii;b'il  iluotluT  piMvincc'.irc  jjovirnal 
liv  K:  y.U's  aial  viit-1.  j' itcs.  Tlr.-  pope  lioliis  a  ((in- 
(i!U/iv  ..(  i;irilinils  (in  culcliiillii.il  allairs;  but  ili 
lan'iiMls  ill  no.  iiu-ililli.'  with  liis  livil  i^ovfrnmciit. 
'I'll*  (V  jk's  tliift  minilkr  is  tl'f  f.irtli  '.l-p.uron.  .\\v 
:.n  liil'- .'.:i  imini-iilc  i-llatf,  il  tlu'  rfi'j;;!  Ik- of  aiiv  loni; 
duration.  Tlu' ■  animal  \v ho  isiholcn  pope  mull  1k' 
an  Italian,  and  -/  1  all  ;,  yiur^  ot  :;ge. 

'I'lic  Ipititiial  p^'viT  o;  itic  p'lpi',  tlioii;j,li  lar  Itiori 
oi  what  it  tortin.  .y  wa  ,  is  llill  c mrukralilc:.  'Ihc 
jiopcs's  ri-veiuir,  a'  a  Siiii]ioral  printf,  is  illimatcd  ai 
1,000, o-ol.  ariliii;;  iMiiitipally  tVom  tlic  uionop  ily  "t 
coiM  ami  ihiti^'soii  win.';  Imi,  iii.icpcinK'ni  ot  this,  In 
|■L•^.t■|\l•^  t-:irhK;a!ilc  lunis  for  iiuiiiltvin  u-s,  diipciila- 
tions,  laiion  /.ation<,&c.  ll^jhas  a  lonlitLiahk-  boily 
ol  r  iMi!.ii  tro'ip-,  toLra''  !v  v.ril  rloilifil  aii'l  [laul. 

'I  III  I  ,,iU'iv  A  lt.ilo2,ni,  w'luih  wasom  c  a  repuMic, 
:!iul  ilidAanl.  aniu  x. il  lu  i1k-  papal  iloniinioii',  lon- 
taii'.'  oii.y  on-.'  pim-  worthy  of  iiK-ntion,  vi/. 

l!.ilo;'na,  a  l..r':'C,  rii.;'n,  an. I  popii!- lis  ii;y.  liir- 
ronndd  oiilv  by  .1  w.iU,  wiilioiit  balUons,  lii'  I,  01 
tiii'-iitl.  Til  y  li'.v  t'  ^  .rN  littl.  !;oih1  aichiu-i  liirc  or 
U'.ilpiur:'  in  Hdlo-.iia;  '.  u',  in  \t  to  Roni'.-,  it  b'allsihc 
moll  i.i|)nal  p..inun:!s  in  ilic  \\oiKl. 

T.ic  irinib.r  o*  (  lunxlifs  i--  upwards  nf  two  liui\ilivd, 
I'onii-  ot  ih  111  well  I  iiilt,  .uid  I  u  h!y  decorated,  lui'  few 
V  it'.uiii  gi  od  piiuiii's. 

Bvil'i.  ; .  Ill  be.n  t'aiii"\n  !■  rcuhivatiiig  the  fcicnces 
c\'r  liiiic  ihe  Kiioi'ation  ol  lcarnin;i.  li  coiuain.  an 
aniple  li;  rarv. 

'i'lie  acadciiiy  of  ll  ieiiccs  aiul  brlL-s  Icttrcs,  1  onllilirc, 
ot  t.v,niy-f.  iir  nieinbirs,  nifct  here  everv  'I  hurlda\  ; 
and  Ir  im  iIkIi'  iIu'  jho'.  liois  ot'  i  h.  iiiiilry,  military 
.■'.'chilis' : lire,  p'lviiis,  n.miral  hlKiry,  geop,raphy,  and 
ali-onoiny,  arc  t.ikcn,  uho  give  ;)iiblic  Icctuus  in  the 
luil'tiiif. 

'I'lie  botai!!'.  garden  i-  .1  ilcp'.ndance  upon  inc  In- 
r;i!iitc. 

With  I'.i  li  one  0111  V  e;iie;its  Hiid  o|iportu:iitie.<,  it 
is  no  '.■.oil;.!  th.i"  IJolii '.III  ii.i--  r.i..a\s  ni.ii  ol  learii- 
111 '. 

li  I'm niiiif  .lil'i  ii'.iiii. ..Ill  .;;..l  ilii^.rs  f.ir  nian\  o; 
th    1  il  .  Il  ill  atic. 

Ill-  Y  1  'p.;  p.l.i  c  111  tl'.e  nob  lit'  I'.rc  tl-.c  W- 
(!.o,  nu!,,  li  ,, .,  .Xlai'i.-i:;,  R.inu/.,  1,  •'''  iinpieri,  Tariaii, 
and  /.mv  en  an.     In  .dl  ihclo  arc   line  lulLclions  it 

[,     .IK,-. 

'I  lie  .-Vliiclli  tower,  biiili  in  1  i  "O,  is  \\~  f.rglll^ 
fi-.tan.la  ipaaitcr  in  hci;;ht.  The  (I  u  il.  ii'ia  lo.ver, 
■vvlii  li  wa-  buiit  the  year  following,  is  i>;.l\-  1  ;i  teet  in 
h    .  .1  . 

T  :C  Bilo;;ii..'-  p. It  tc.-r,ili.'lvcs  voluniaily  ir.il.-r 
t'nc  prole.  iu>ii  ol  i  e  pop  m  ili.-  year  i  t:i',  on  1.0:;- 
iliii  Jii  ot  bei'vj,  •■  ivcin  ■  I  by  th  ir  lenatc;  ol  no'iiina- 
iinu,  ..n  aii'lKoi  1)1  1  ..  R  i;-,  .mi  h.ivmii  an  a'lii'.ilfid'ir 
al  K'liiie.  .V  minimal  iemic  lor.i.biiulv  lelid.  ^  licrc, 
a".d  has  I'.ii  ■;!  .inids  a  lomp.iny  ''t  SaiIs  h.iloai.  iti-, 
all  .mollu  r  ot  Irjht  hi.il  ■. 

C  li/.ens  WW.  X  1 1  1  dv  wh.-n  tlicv  '.\ali<  alv'.ad. 
\\  "Hull  .ue.ir  I  l.iivl  I'l  ciol'c  i^owii  Initl.  lud,  v.iili 
(I.  . 'icb  down  1'  liic  .  u'.n;-;  wIkm  they  i:,o  o'.it  tiic\ 
i;  'Vei  theniicivv' .  wiili  ili-    cnd.ulo. 

The  mai:ufai.ii.'--  .ac  dam. Iks,  I'm  in-,  talV.itie-, 
v.lets,  craiio,  '■  ti.  s,  and  ]iap  r.  The;,  exjioit 
lienip,  11.;.^,  w.i\,  .mJ.  I;  :;-v.  '1  li  ir  niaciron:,  to- 
ll.uco, and  fiuiti,  ate  !rL;liK  elle..  iiied  ;  ..nd  their  1-r, 'cd 
ill  l.ip-d.ij- h.\s  b.cn  lon^  a:,d  j',  iiei  illy  i.no'.'.n.  The 
iii.iik.ei.  .IK  pleatiiiiliy  liiiiplied  Willi  pio'.'iiii'iis,  g')  "1 
111  ill.  a  kind;  l:o.,-;ne.it  ii  jiaiticiil  uK  ixcellent  ;  ai.d 
tile'!  ham^  and  r.uil.ie:,cs  are  ;jen.ra!ly  in  repute.  Tiny 
■jh.i  ■,  xeel  in  Iiliji,  peifumes,  and  irtiricia!  (lowers. 
Th.  y  have  abvindanc.  of  walnuts;  .ind  I'lieir  nuinies, 
gi.ipL-:,  melons,  and  triiflles,  are  reniark.ibly  line. 

I  he  piiiieipal  place  in  the  liiichy  ot  Ferrara  (which 
du..hv  w.ii  aimcxcel  to  the  cttlefiallical  llatc  in  1  ^97)  i,. 
Ny,  'il. 


I'Vrraia,  once  a  nug;niric-cntcity,  but  now  gro.uly  lallcn 
10  decay. 

Roina'i,na,  whii  h  was  given  to  the  lie  of  Ruinr  by 
I'cpin,  king  ot  France,  is  a  lertile  province.  The 
ehiet  places  are 

Rovina,  now  a  decayed  city,  but  firmerly  th.  mod 
celebrated  of  all  iheRuin.in  le.i-poris.  In'the  l.irgc 
markit-placeare  two  lolty  pilj.us  of  granate,  on  whuli 
.ate  the  Ihituts  of  St.  Victor  and  St.  Apollinaris;  anil 
alio  a  Ixals  llitiie  of  I'ope  Aleximler  V'll.  fitting, 
the  iiliuil  attitiulc  ol  the  pipe  in  all  llatiics  anil 
public  mi>i:i.;meiit-.  The  cathedral  is  a  i'.atcly  old 
fabric. 

Rimini,  the  ancient  Ariminiini,  on  the  Adriati. ,  is 
now  tijivatly  declined,  tliouLjh  tome  lennins  ot  its  an- 
cient liilendor  are  tbll  to  be  teen.  IJehiii  1  the  C.i- 
piichlns  :onveiit  are  fome  remains  of  an  .imphitlicaire; 
and  over  the  Mirecchi.i  is  a  llatelv  bridge  of  m.\rble, 
built  or  rep.ineii  \>:  niigiillu- and  Tirerius.  In  the 
middle  ol  the  .irea,  befoi.'  the  council-houle,  is  an 
elegant  t  mntain.  Tl.e  tpieiulid  library  of  count  Cia- 
balonga  is  well  worth  a  tra'.eiler's  notice. 

The  duchv  ot  Urbir.o  is  one  or  the  leal!  fertile  in 
lia|\-,  and  ilms  not  co;;iain  anv  rem.irk.u.L-  place  bur. 
L'riiino,  celebraied  lor  huin-j  uiven  birth  to  I'of.dore 
V'iruil,  the  hiiloii.in,  and  R.iphaei,  theiiaiiiter. 

The  marquif.t.  ut  /\.;^ona,  on  tlie  Adriatic,  ha:  a 
lertile  toil,  and  contains 

Ancona,  a  be.iiititul  and  convenient  l.'.-bour;  and 
beinij,  a  tree  port,  and  the  only  conf  able  one  which 
the  pope  ha.i  in  tiie  Adriatic,  there  ir  a  tlouriihing  trade 
here.  The  chief  exportation  is  of  arun,  wool,  and 
lilk.  Ancona  appear  well  from  the  lea,  hiit  is  a  nicll 
wretched  lo'.vn  wnhin,  tiiU  ol  trad.- and  liench.  In 
the  i  hiel  Iheet  tlv.re  is  r.iom  luit  for  one  carriage  to 
pals.  The  mole  is  a  very  tine  work,  ad.irned  with  an 
antique  truimphal  ariii,  ol  wliitc  marble,  of  g'od  pro- 
portions, and  ucU  picl'erved,  erectul  in  iioinur  of 
Tr.nan.  There  is  alio  a  m.jdern  a:ch,  m  honour  of 
ji 'pe  Uenedii^  Xl\'.  by  V.iiivielli. 

Loretio,  a  imall  city,  15  miles  fpim  .Xneona,   is  the 
l>e  ol  .1  bilhop.     The  clrciimllancev.lu.il  rviul.rs  this 
city  t!e  mo'.l  patiicularly  tamous,  i>  the  Santa  Cal'a,  the 
Holv  l-IoLiie  or  Chapel  of  Our    Lady.     The  walb  of 
1 1'.-  1  filv  I  ("ii!e  (as  may  be  ciliU  lien  on  ihe  iniide) 
iieot'bn.k,  with  Ionic  tl;.;   biisofllone  interniiX'.'d. 
r  iwares  tliC  eal'  end   there  i-.   a  leparation  made  liy 
I  giatc'.vork    oi    liiver;   this  they  c. ill  the   fancliiary  ; 
and  here  liands  the  image  of  ihe  \'iri;in  in  liiver,  in 
a  nieh  made,  as  tluy  pretend,  of  cedar  of  Lebaimn, 
and  c.irv.d  by  St.  Lui^e.     She  h.as  a  triple  crown  on 
her  heavl,   and  holds  the  image  ot  Our  Saviour  eover- 
e.l   with    iii.imonils.     In  h.er    left   hand   llie  carries;", 
golden  gl  '^e;  and  two  lingers  of  her  right  are  held  up, 
as  in  tlie  act:  ot   bbtling.     The  f.incluarv   i.s  crowded 
wi;h  lixty-twogri  ii  lamps,  01  gold  and  tilvcr.     One  of 
the  golden  oik-,  which  was  pielentid  b\  th.-  republic 
oi  Venice,  w.igiis    thirty-lcvcn   pounds.      There  ate 
alio  .ingels  atleinling;  one  u!  miiiiv.'  .-.old,  an. I  two  of 
liiver;  and  the  walls  are  covered  wr.li  plates  01  liiver. 
All  who  enter  the  chaivl  armed  ar-  i  xei.):nmunicared. 
I'oor  wretches  a;v   continuaih    era.'. lin-.i,   round  it  on 
their  knees.     It  t'le  lie  .fun-  \\  ithin   th,    liolv  walls  Ijc 
i.iipriling,  the    poveit\    wahoiit   is  no  leh  to.     Such 
111    lis  ot  begg.irs,  and  to  e\cclUvely  importunate  ! 

Thecountiv  is  ilelighMiil  and  weiU  iiltivated,  walli- 
ed  bv  two  river-,  and  dilbiluued  into  lillis  and  valhes, 
iii'undeel  b\  mouniiiiis. 

The  tcrritor\  nf  I'eru  ;ia  contains  th.e  lake  near 
winch  Hannibal  dL'.e.it.d  tlie  Rom ms  under  th.  c  iiviil 
riamiiiius;  and  du  lown  o^  I'enigu  is  only  n.icd  tor 
havinn;  been  once  taken  1  y  the  Uodis  alter  a  leveii 
\ears  liege. 

The  territory  of  Orvieto  cont.iin  a  ton  11  of  the  lame 
name,  which  is  fiipplied  with  waiir  troni  a  well  cut 
iiiio  a  riick  250  cubits  deep. 

The  duchy  of  Spolcto  is  lolcra'-ily  leiiile,  and  con- 
lain- 

10  R  Spolcto, 


8.)4        A  NKW,  ROYAl.  and  AITIIFNTIC  SYSTFM  ot   TXIVFRSAL  r.FOf.RAPI  lY. 


M|:'^:./|i'^ 


rp.'lcto,  .1IU  n-i)(ly  line  <'t  il'C  m-ll  ( ilc'ir.Uiil  iiuini- 
cijal  to^vii-  111  Ita''.,  .ml  <.\\:\  now  ilu-  Cipit.il  b(  ihc 
iIulIu.  It  li.r  a  cilc!  r.iU'J  .•niimliKt,  l>v  uliitli  w  at  il- 
ls coiucycil  tiDiii  mount  Si.  l•^anli^u\l.■|■  a  v.ilLy  totlu' 
titx  aiul  lal'il. . 

Tcini  IS  a  Will  i'M^li  andv.\ll  mli.ilvii.ii  t"wii,  :iiul 
tliiliv  I  !  a  liilliop.  Tlu'  niii'.'  1)1  an  iiiicicnt  tlicatii- 
arc-  llill  viliMc  :  ami  ii  >t  t'ai  li.  ni  litnic  i^  ilif  taiiiDu^ 
tafcuK-  toinuil  l>v  tlw  i,.ll  ■  t  ilif  nvi-r  Mlmo,  v.Ii.lIi 
rulli.s  ilo.vn.i  pUiipKi-  an  li'iiulitil  varil-  lii;j,li. 

Till"  priiu  ip.il  pLK>  111  til.-  p.uiiii'.iinv  ot  St.  Vcuv  i'. 

^^tl.-ll)^',  tlif  i.'.piial,  I  pi  iiy  lo.Mi,  liiualtil  in  a 
plain,  .It  ilio  foul  <  i'  ill.-  ir.o'.iiit li'i.  Scwr-il  liiiiarc 
liiity  lowiT--  prinhui-  an  a^rc-alilc  crii.'t  ai  a  ilill.iiitt-. 
It  is  wlII  luuli  ;  ilic  lu'Ui'is  .111-  in  a  ^  ukI  t.illi-.  TIrtc 
aiv  ibnic  pr>ity  toiritaiiis  aiui  llniu-  ti'i'iits  criluirili. >-, 
in  a  fjootl  llilf  ol  ari-luici."nin.'.  TIk-  Ihvcts  arc  pavtd 
will 'Iiy  wit  !i  lua,  :n  I'lcc.  -  i:>);ii  lour  to  i-iglii  Icfi  in 
Icnotli.  Over  a  riv.i-.  i.iilai  Ni-ui,  in  ili>  p.in  oi  Italy, 
ari-  10  1  I'  Ian  ilu'  rcmiias  it  tin.-  biuloc  ot  AiimilU. 
AiiiTilii'i;  I'l  il,e.K-cinint  ol  Mr.  AJililon,  it  ib  one  ot 
the  I'iatc-li.ll  mi;;  ui  ItiK  ;  t«n  I'miieli  it  li  i^  no  cc- 
nieni,  it  look^  .i-.  linn  a  oiu-likiu'  lionc.  ()iii  of  ilu. 
artlic   rcm:'.inj  uilvoU,  :i. 

Till- C..;v.p.-.'.::ia  lic  Ronn.  anieiitlv   l.aiiiini,  has 
niaiu    likes,  .iiul  a  i-ic!i  i.uUr.\.;ti.i  I  iil,  aiul  C'Mit.un 
liu"  follo-Aiiyj;  p'.,i'. '.-»  : 

Roni'.',  tli  i.ipit.il  an  1  K  :t  of  the  R'^nian  i-miiiri., 
anil  iKAV  tlu-  licul  ot  ;iic  Ri^iiiiin  Catlioli.   rL-!i(;ion. 

NotliiiiiiC.iii  I'c  nioro  r.v.ij^;iilii.-tnt  than  the  entr.tnic 
into  Rome  In  the  P' iria  if  I  I'^polo.  TluToail  i  tine, 
th.c  aj'jiroaeh  b.autiful,  :'ivl  ihc  gate  hanilf.inie.  Tlu 
traveller  immi-iluiicly  enters  a  luge  aria,  from  ih  t.ir- 
ther  fi.leof  wliiei!  he  lees  iIk  ilir.c  prineipiil  Ihiil'  of 
the  I  irv  ili\etjiii;;,  ami  Haiik.il  by  the  tronis  ul  two 
lian<lii)me  iluiuhes.  In  the  mi'ii'le  is  a  nobic  l',i;\ptian 
obt-lilk,  ami  a  |.  unt.fin. 

Rome  IS  .r--ait  tliirtnii  miles  in  ur.  oil,  me;iliirin'; 
rounil  the  w.ili,  u  hiili  is  linole.  :mil  VMlliolit  am  ilili  li, 
ill  ffiided  I'lib  b^  Ionic  tow.  r  ami  b  illion-.  Tlie  .ui- 
Cicni  w.iil  it  A'.i.e-  n  i,et  in  ivai  ji.rt  reiii.iir.-.  'l'h<.- 
titv,  lli.ref  n,  .5  li;ll  it  the  '  iiii;;  e\!ent,  though  llie 
pre!ent  po;  iil.iii  I)  .s  oi.i'   iibina   i''c,o  o. 

The  feveii  hiil  areiii'  Avmiine,  C"a;.itu'.in.',  C.  li  m, 
F-tqnilu  c,  I'.i!  tin  ,  (Viiiiia:,  a  d  Vniiin  J  ;  an-.l,  be- 
liiles  ihele,  I'l  i.-  iie  Al  ni,-  t'el:  1  ■  aiul  Cilona,  th. 
Janiculum  ami  \  .luaii,  tje  l'iiui.i:i,  .-.nd  tiie  MoiUe 
IVliaC'  i.\ 

Th.  inhi'.b  I  m^-  o-  mi;.itin  Ror.-,-.-  hive,  1:1  a  niannei, 
iUttiietiveti  liii'5  I)  V1.I.1-,  e  liXeiis,  ;;..uleii  ,  and 
V!iie\.-a  's,  in  01  'ev  to  riiia!  :i  l!:.  1  's,\  |)arls;  ani  tin- 
Camrii'  Man-i;^  is  he.  1  m.-  o  ,e  ^  t  ihc  moii.  populous 
t]uauer>  it  ill  '  I  :i' .  1'.  I  h. lb  arc  nini  h  1  1^  lonli- 
lier.ible  t!:.  !i  they  w. 'e  ...  1  :ill' ,  line-  the  vallie.  have 
been  fii.e.,  i^p  vMl'-.  e;iur,ii   -v     i|i;ai-ititi  s  ..;  nibbiili. 

It  -i^.  ul  .  !  '■  dilli.  1;!:  t  1  in    VeV  :'.Ii\  leeao'  the  lin:li!er 

tl 


and  lc!s  re.",i!.ii  lliei  i  .  :n  :<  lur.il,  le  '.vevei ,  ue  eaii- 
not  avoid  i.;)i  rvme  t'.v-  ii  -.lue  iiUNtnre  ol  intei-elt;nL:: 
uml  m.igiiitic. 'it  \Miii  comnij:!  ;i;id  be^iarh'  obieds  : 
p^Jace--,  liiuiile. s  l''n;itai.i  ,  ar,.!  ilie  tnieil  lemains  oi 
aniKU)i;v,  uuh  ra<.".  po\eriy,  am!  tilth. 


ThiTc  are  iiuiiu  Pi.i/,/,e,  or  V 


as   the  Fr^ni  li 


call  them.  T  li.  pria  ipal  ornamenii  ul  t!i  le  l':.i. -./'-, 
or  open  aria-  "i  R'.>:ne,  are  the  lountaiii  .  Thai  in 
the  l'ia/7.a  Na\oiia  i-  tlie  mod  inagniticcnt  in  thc 
whole  V,  orl.l.  It  1:,  avi.ll  rock,  pieieed  tiunugh  and 
through,  lo  as  ti  b,;  "iivided  into  tmir  pans,  wliitli 
mule  at  the  tup,  u!  ere  thcxbelilk  is  placed.  Tow. 11  .Is 
the  bottom  of  caeh  part  of  the  rock  is  feated  a  cofili'al 
hgiiic,  rep'elemiii^the  pnneipa!  1  ivcrs  uith  tlr  iratiii- 
btiies. 

The  abaindantc  ot  touniaiir  in  Rome  ;:,i\es  an  an  i^l 
cooln.ls,  lite-,  and  inoiion,- lu  th  whoK  i.ity  :  bui  ii  is 
a  great  milbike  to  conehide  tiojii  theiii  e,  as  m.un  h.ue 
tlone,  that  it  i^  plentitnlly  tupplud  with  good  watei  ; 
for  ih,-  reverie  u  really  the  Cile. 

The  river  Tibc  divides  i!  e  i  i!\,  pripriK  lb  ealhd, 
from  the  TiaiiiUvere,  or  quart  a"  wherein  ij  the  ehuiLh 


ul  S.  IVtir,  and  the  palaee  ol  tl,c  \  at  can.     '1 ,,  .  n 
Vir  is  about  -iM5feei  uul-,  .it  the  biid-eof  S.  ,\n  d  • 
.iml  IS  navigable  tor  pa-.it  ba.ijue,.      I  h,   w.iter  is  iif 
low  and  tiabid. 

There  aie  now  tin  1-  Ijndr.es  at  Rome,  vr.  tii.i  „. 
S.  Aii^cl'i,  .ineieiitly  I'oiis  Aeliu^  leadrij;to;h  1  .■  . 
I'onle  Celiio,  or  of  S.  Haiiotomvi,  am  ie;uiv  I',,;,^ 
l'".ibiii'us;  .md  I'oni  ■  Sillo,  aneieiuly  I'on.  j.iru,. 
lentil.     Rome  tormerlv  h.ul  u\  brui'.-e-. 

Of  the  antii|iiiiicso:  Rome  tie  amphiih' atie  efil-rs 
thelirll  rank.  There  ai.  i  onlld.eiable  remains  t;!  tin; 
whieh  was  bepun  by  Vefpanai.  and  linillud  by  Do. 
mil ian,  called  tlie  C-lilk-iim.  Twelve  thou'aiai  jcmI'i 
captives  v.-erc  emp'oycd  1  y  Viip/.-im  in  this  I  iiiLan  , 
wmeli  I-  laid  to  have  been  i.ijuble  ot  eoniainln"  u-.- 
wards  oi'6s,.3Do  fjvetatois.  It  has  Iv.en  ihippe  I  ot  ,1 1 
lis  MiaLMiitiA-nt  pill. lis  and  ornaments  at  various  time  , 
uid  b  van  'ii-eii. mic".  The.eaie  ili.  ni.  hi',  1  I  ('  ,;,- 
liu.tiuc,  Tiiu^.iml  Septimus  Sev.iu-.  In  thet'i'ui-) 
\a  liioaic  the  vtneiable  remains  ot  levi-al  liatel. 
bu  flmsi  . 

Th-  bitlis  (liTit'i-,  CaMea'i,  and    l^i  le!.  i' m,  i,-. 
t.lin   fv'ir.c   vellije-  ot   tlieii  .im  1.  nt  <.ni-  'eui.     '!"i  1 
edill  e^  were  not  niereh-  ilui;.'.iud  I  e  b., thine,,    but  1  e 
.c.idemies,  .ual  the  i!\  nmai!  e  ..  \t.-\  lU    ;  .uul  a!',i  i  vi- 
tumd  libiai  les  and   lab'nctsui  euioliues. 

Ti  ere  w-ere  h-ver.d  Ipuious  ciriul.  s  .a  Ren;r.  T'.e 
two  noble  lohimiis  ot  rni.iii  .-iml  An'oiiiuir,  .11.  uiil 
l.nov.n;  as  are  the  Rom.iii,  ami  le-.  eral  i  thei  l.aue- 
uiliieeil^-.  Til  M.iiilokuni  "t  All  iillu  .  and  ili.it  t' 
.■\diian,  claim  the  notice  ot  ir,;ve!l-r  ;  as  d  >  n.ii. 
Fyv]iti.m  .ibeh:ks  let  up,  .md  llree  o'l  |!:.  r,i''iin  !. 

(M  the  umples,  and,  imbed,  ot  .lil  tlu  I  ui'.i!  n  s 
which  an  rent  R  -me  l',;s  |..  ,t  u  ,  ilic  p.milis  11  i-  i  ;- 
tainly  th.-  mull  noble  ami  perlifl.  The  portico  hu 
ei.dit  jiiifirs  in  fiiint.  and  three  pillais,  with  une  pd"  I'.r, 
on  ill.  liil.s,  allot  gran  te,  \,i,ii  C'orinilr.m  (.I'm.  l- 
and  balemeiils;  b,:'  n  nv  o!  th  in  i.x.ict'v  ot  the  r.ane 
!l/.  .  'I'll.  in'Uii  lien  I'  on  tl-,e  o'ce.  'I  h  ou  li  'e  I 
the.s'.iole  biiddiiiiT  v.  iS  en.  lulled  \.  lili  n.  rb'e.  Te. 
p  II  ci)  and  ootl_\  (li  -di  c'liic;  w.iepreeil!\  bu  It  .1; 
(\]\t.:  ni  tiMc  .  lie,  dome  is  ve'v  )  lull,  l-.-i  111  s 
j^!or\  wa  probabb.  eo\e.eu'  u  nil  pl.it.  s  e;  ever.  1  in- 
11. !i  le  !  I  .itii!  omely  tilted  u|i.  0,.p>  lite  to  .h  I'o.  :  ;s 
t'i  ele.it  .il.  I  ;  ,11. d  on  e  :el'.  Ii.'eo!  t  h  ;t  four  ;  t'  cr  al'.,:  . 
It  .1  It  pi  1  111  I  "iV'  ltd  iiui..  i  ,.  iem  ,  luael..  -.'. '  .,  !•, 
roni  Its  I  ill  ul. IV  iig-ne,  i-  eoui-u  i.l\  ...l'n..i  R  uili.l.i. 
ficre.ue  al-otl.e  r.iins  ot  te'.  eral  te.iu'Ls,  t';i..-.i:  s  .uei 
p.ae,  .  Th'.- 1 ..' .lonib,  .  r  lep. a,. ...,-.%  e  r  d  ad  i  o- 
d;e  ,   in  ti'.e  Del  :hi)'.uih- od  •'.  Rtjuie,  ill e  cu    on-. 

\'i  nil  r.  LHl'd  t  I  tiie  mo  ieni  cu-'miiiks  oi'  Rome, 
ill  y  a:e  .-.s  variou^and  tin;'u:  ,r  as  the  renia'u'  ot  ann- 
qi.ity.  it  contain  _:;oo  cl  uriirj  ,  lii'i-d  m  iti  .ill  r  11  -: 
raie  ui  e.ii '.iie.'iiii-e.  pe.mt:--.  ■. .  .ei.!  I  'iljf.ee.  'J... 
eliure!;  >  i  .-i:.  P.i.:,  at  Ro,,..-,  -  th  1110;;  alionilb.ui.i, 
1  lii.l,  .;ad  It  '.il  •  1  .b-'ie,  ili.e.  p  '  :'ps  c  \  er  e.xili-  d  ;  .  I'-i 
when  I  .\a;iiai  il  iiv  th.  rel  -  o;  art,  the  i'el!  uidu^' 
aver  1;  may  i.eurmed  i.uihl.i-. 

Tlu-  Vata.in  i.  a  vatt  p>.ii..e,  but  i,e;y  irrepul.-.r, 
lrii.ii)i.i  Ir  !i  built  at  mae.v  diilereiit  tiir.v  .  It  is 
.ilae.d  with  the  iroii  malii  d\  .  prodi  ctaMis  ol  the 
pel. Ill;  c  ntaiii'-  a  librarv,  cor,, poled  it  the  eh  eicell 
•-'I  k-.  .aid  iu.iniileri|ils,  toecthei  with  a  c.ilanet  I'l  pleti 
wall  ail  th.ii  tan  gratih  the  virtuuli..  The  pop,  \ 
l.iiiiiiici  j.alaee  is  on  Monte  Ca.vaho,  on  the  (.i;_iiriii.il 
1  lili.  'I  he  garden  is  .ilmoll  a  miie  1  a;iid.  Tliereare 
laiie  It.itu.  s  m  il,  a  t;i^r  nio,  and  a  tailino,  i  il'r  li  t' e 
I '.ilieedioule.  Tlierc  are  leveral  other  pdace  ,  m  ii:- 
iiiiietntlv  built,  and  fup  iblv  oinameiiteti. 

I'or  the  pro. union  o!  litr-iature.  then'  .uc  three  col- 
leee-,,  and  m.ini  public  lier.uie  ,   in  Rome. 

Rome  is  ma  a  [il.ue  o!  amuf.  m.iu  tor  ihe  g.'\'  ,,nd 
dillipuiett;  no  purTc  Ip.  ctaile.  bene'  .illowed,  .  .-4 - 
I  pt  derlnj'j  ill-  time  of  the  carmv.il,  which  fills  loim 
ihe  lev  mil  oi  January  to  Alli-wulneid.'.y.  Then,  in- 
d.ed,  ihr\  art:  attended  with  e.ii  ..id'iur  iiiikr.own  in 
I  apilals  where  thi.- iniuiliiianls  ate  untler  no  l.a.li  o,. 
lliaiiit.     Seven   or  tu?Ja  theatri  s  .-i^c  open  ;   the  prni- 

ciial 


\I.  r.FOf.RAPIIY 


u\-  III  il.i'  \  :it  rin.      1  ,,\  n 
•.-,  .11  the  hi  III. -,,1  S.  Anil  ., 
t  l);\;t[i.Ci.       I  h      U.K.  I  ,s  \^; 

rulp,i-s  at  Hi.iv.f.  w.  il, .t  (,^ 
•-  Arliih,  l(.':uiri;;ti)  :1'    ,    ,•  ,  . 

H.i;t()lM!i]v.<,   :imli!ulv    l',,-i, 
\i\'<,  ,i:ii.i.:i:!y  I'oii,  j.  ;,-ui- 
i.iil  ii\  hriilj'i--. 
onK-  til  am|>liiilii  ;ifri.'  ii.ii-<i 

lonlidcnlili;  rciiviiir  n!  ilu; 
iVii-vi.  a:iil  lit)illii\l  liv  I),i. 
mil.    Twj.iw  thi)i!';ii:il  ji-Aii!, 

y  V\!'[r'.;iin  i;i  iliii  1  uiliiiii  , 
■n  i.ipalili'  o|  (iiiiiiinin^^  up. 
IS.  li  h:is  1), in  thipjif  I  vi  ,1 1 
i!  <irn.i;r.c-ms  m  vaiious  ti;r,p  , 

Tlierc:iic  ili.  ni.  li. -^  i  I  ('  ,  i 
iniiis  Sfv.iii-.     1:1  iln-  I'l'ni  > 

)li;  :■^.■Il).llll^   ol'    l(.V4.";;l    li.'.Ul. 

'.ir.i'j:i''\.   niul    !>i;i.  l.l'iii,   if. 
ifir  .iiu  1,  Ml  ;<r  \-  'iiu.     'I"i  1 
i.Kii;.'.nv(i  I  i;  l)..ilu:i<-.,    I  ui  |  < 
Ml!  !■  1.  M'l   III-  ;  .ukI  a!'  1 1  u,- 

uni--  L'iriiil.  ^  .'.t  Ri.tv.r.    T'.i- 
r  i|:iii  ■.vu\   Aii'i.niiius  ,v.   ui  il 
111,  ami  It",  tral  •  iIki   I  .mi  ; 
Itiini  III  All  mill  ,  :uii.l  iliii    I 
Lf  I't   ir.'.Vfll  r-  ;    as   ili   ii.a 

aiiil  ili'ci'  D'l  t''.  f,r..iiii  I. 
iniln.ll,  i:t    .'.il    ilu    I  iii'>!  ,'  s 
>  I.  it  II  .   ilic  luiiih.'i  n  I-  i   ,. 
ml  ptTli  I't.     'i'lk-  poti;ti>   h  u 
tlutc  pill:ii«,with  one  I  il;  fir, 

I  tf,  \>  i.'.i   CiMiiiili'.in  ( .'.'lii,  1- 

ii!  til.  in  I  X.lCl'v  ot  tl:i-  l.ir.U' 
i;:i  t'.'.i-  il  u'.'f.     '1  h    iMi  li  'v    1 

flu  llll'lll  \.  li'il  11.    lii'c.       T. 

(•'nil.;  w.  If  pii  '.'  us\  III.  It  ..; 
wmc  IS  vi'i  \  ]  Lull,  l-'i  111  1 
til  u  nil  pl.ilis  r!  ,;'  ,i-:.  J  !';■ 
il  lip.  0|'|i'  Iiu  111  .li  I'li  ■  lb 
cl;  li.icil  t'l'.!  tour;  t'  it:,!'..:   . 

nil  i.i  r.,.,li-in  .  luiirl,.  u'  ,,  I  , 
i-  t'lln'i,    l.lv  I  .iliid  R    till).'..;. 

k-.  .'..-il  [c  iipL'.,  til.  .-.f :   ■;.  .'.''.I 
.,  .  r  icp..;  ,...\'N  I,  r  il.  .Ill  i  u- 
I'll  I '.  Rini'.f,  .■'.II-  ci;    •>n>. 
no  :t,T:i    ci:"i  ilillis   of   Ronv,-, 
il;".i:  ii  .Is  I'lr  ifni.i'ii=  nt  iii;:;- 

!  iiiiir.-  ,  lil'fl  M  ii'i  .ill  t'  1'.  •: 
iint'--.'.  .i:k1  r  iil|tii;c.  'J'l.. 
1.11. 11. ■,  ill  iiuii:  aliii;iill;iii.:, 
til..;  ;-  '  'p.s  i\ci  fXili  il  ;  .  :•  I 
ri;l.  -■  o;  :i:[,  llii-  i<i.ii  Ukioo 
iilll.  h. 

t  p.i!..L<',  !nit  \t"v  irrigul.-.i, 
iKi,;v    tliik'nnt    tun.  .     It    is 

m.iiii  il\ .  prmli  cMi'iis  ot  the 
A  ,  Cii!-.:|  ilfil  I  t  the  chiic;  ll 
oi_;ith(.i  V.  .ll,  .1  t  iLiiict  iijMtt. 
t^  the  virtuiil.i.  'I'ia-  pup  \ 
lite  C.ivalin,  nil  ihi.  Q;_i:i::i,il 
noil  a  iniif  i  .'■.n..l.  Tlicif  .lu 
lu,  anil  a  talhiu',  (ill  il  i'  t 
i;  Icvcial  ollicT  pilatt.-  ,  iinv;- 
iMy  omaiiunicii. 
liii-iaimv,  ilii-'i-  .in;  tliifi;  col- 
r.  r.irif  ,  in  Rmiiic. 

II  ailiul.  Ill;  lit  iiir  ihf  i.\..\'  .ivl 
p.  litaik-.    hi 'I;.'     ,'lllAVlii,     >.x- 

the-  cainiv.il,  wliiih  i.ilU  li.nii 
1  Alii-WiiliHiil  .y,     'I'licn,  in- 
with   ;'.ii  ..hi. .Ill   ii:ik:-..)-.Mi  in 
laiits  aif   mull-  ii  >  I.h.Ii    <■. 
.  .'hcat.'.--  a.f  ()['i,ii;   (iic  |iiii; 
tip.il 


I 


i 


/ii/nfn 


/ 


HANKI'S's.    ^"r.  L,f,ij,  <y  i^\X^(\\\^^'\\\  /n//,'.,/i,,/ /■>/  //,,/„/.      ////, 


y.tft  t/i  <y 


/•///. 


/ 


\\\ 


',9 


-^^  tin  ilM^. 


m 


/ii/'n/i'i, 


7  }JANKi:S 


l.;..   /,r 


"/ 


(SKOCKAl 


in'  ^/l/L/i,,//',/  A)'/////.  //, 


7  'T 


IN///,  7  // 


7 


" '  iL» 


\  ■< 


II  nni 


LJi.; 


W: 


,    p 


:^^ 


f!.    !■ 


^¥' 


'     '//'^      '///t/(>      ,/   ///I     / /,■>       'Ir//  ///>      \it///i,i.    ) 


111  1 

iir,,I 
'111. 

"1 

i.i  i 

loci 

Idl 

lit., 

Ii.ll. 

c-.u.i 

Kill  ■ 

a 

(he  V 
'\ 

I'UL 

Ap 
1 

nil) 

\^■^^■ 
t'lllll 


In' 
I'l 

liCI 


i  I,  ■•! 


y  /if///f/'    lN///rHti/ 


/,/:..) 


O*^ 


/./..  ) 


cial  'it'  uiii  h  ai'f  ti 


I       1" 

Arientbia,  Alihcrti,  TcrdinoiK, 


,'.IU 


I  Cipr 


n.'i.     'I'i'.c  lw,i  liill  Uiv  ,i|)|(r"|)ii;',t  (I  to  le- 


n  III-, 
kill''. 


oi)cia.,  iiic  iliiid  lo   plays, 


itl   the   lail  tu  h 


N. 


W'liiu-n  -.v.-  p-rmuictl  lo  iipp.'.ir  up  lii  ti.i.' 


A      L      Y.  Sgj 

One  of  tlic  infccls  iilmofl  peculiar  tu  tic  kingdom 
dI  Naples  is  tlic  tarantula,  x  kinil  of  Ipidcr,  wltli 
wliiiliit  abouiuls.  Tiu- ]>;  ilonv  hit  In  this  iiUtCt  r.rc 
laikil  liv  ilk.'  Italian-. /i7>v;«/c/rf/;.  I'cw  of  iutli  iinl 


i!:f. 


hut  c.ilii.iii   pl-y  ill''  k'inali.'  part- 


1) 


iiniiii  '.lie 


earn  IV 
nml  li' 


il   tl 


I' re 


luc  ailo  lelLuuHS  or  bal'-,  nu((iii  i.ides 


Hut  iiu)i;f;lipuMiL'  'livL-v 


!c  not  u!ua 


CXl     1 


ll 


wi    ar 


rnival  ti;n  ■,  yet  ilic  lieqiieticy  anil  poin| 


llvalli 
1 


•I  leliiii  !ii5  tunc 


livin-,  i:i  1  'iiie  tl 


:i;iuMU 


'I'll,-  co;iiiiii>n  people  arc  in  a  ternnrit  tlurinu,  all  t!i 


iiau' 


if  I  lie  I'litei'v,  wliii.- 


h  i-.  dr 


!it  times  a  vear. 


le  ra'ie  lor  il,  thai  th  ■  ipi  unity  ol  l>ie;',il  hakeci 


in  t 


lieeitv  is  at  tlkli.-  leal( 


■iil'j 


,  lali 


ly  kis  llian  vilual. 


In  !liiiri,  it  1.1  he  iucuil  whieh  i  unl'uuies  w 


hattli. 


cater- 


iilla 


ar  luul  leli. 
onie  h  IS  fo:i!.-  r.ianuiai' 


liin' 


'lilk. 


hut  I  he  ante 


rial  js  had,  and,  when   \\r.iuj,iii,   it  is   iieiilier 


n  r  Icrvie  an 


•I'lu- 


artiel.s  of  exp  inaiiun   an 


:K 


leal   fl 


nriiiL's, 


head. 


ariilKia' 


lii:n 


lie 


;io:natimi',  ellen.iS 
il. 


(f 


1^1  OS 

,  hulls 


wers,  iKi- 


tails,  an.l  ..uh  trifl  'i.  Medals,  llauies,  hulls,  paintiiu 
andy/.m'n  of  marine  ,  make  an  artieV  oi  lonimer... 

I'loviiums  ae  pkmi'ul  and  ^'aod.  'I'Iku'  •jilclLi 
tiio'i'dna  i-.  pariiiularh  tx.ehen!,  as  is  :'.'l'o  ih.eir  IwineV 
ll  ill.  Til' w  n!  meat  i- ni'.itt.m.  Tliey  have  eapreiti, 
<ii  kid;  and  ihc  veni'.on  ol  wild  deer,  iir  (.api'tok,  Inn 
M.;y  1  .III.  P  r.  vipine  IS  alii)  ('nietimes  (old  in  llie 
mark  ts.  1'  n  iry  "ai;  1  uild  ioaI  .'ae  tine  and  plentiiul. 
'I'i  ev  ^atadl.irts  df  iraall  Imd,  d.'V.n  to  ilievvrc.'; 
a  .d  les.ial  i'lrd-  v.-l/uli  ue  ne\er  l.ikh;  a  liiwks, 
l.iy-,  m.i'jpies  and  '.^l■o^lp.e'^er^.  Tlie\  li.ive  a  ;4o.'d 
"v.uiety  (it  lilli,  liiih  ol  liie  li'i.lh  water  and  ot  the  lea. 

The  vr  ot  Rnme  is  reekuned  ^ood  tor  alihniatie 
p  pi  ■  in  wi:it(  r.  T:;e  elini.ite  l^  miid,  the  troll,  flight, 
•lu.l  ih  .n  l.^  iieneiady  inelt!ni;as  ii  tall'-.  Tlieie  are 
|.)m  I'll  ■^  thuk,  it-nking  to^is,  Init  they  are  not  very 
lupiint,  and  !',  iieially  dii'perle  hefore  noon.  In  liim- 
n;ei  .on, I.  pait-  ot  i!ie  iii\  are  I'uppoted  to  he  unwhole- 
fii;;e;  n.ir  '.vill  tlie  mol'  .nd.iueiu  pe'lun  (ieep  on  a 
gr  niul  ll.ior  duniii;  till-  fi-a.on.  Th.- country  alxnit 
Roiiiei^  iii'ii'v  flat,  and  lairnl,  hcini'.  c  iveied  Willi 
\,i     i!i,e  afne  ,  ..  al  liie  hil's  are  eaUraeou-. 

s  lii)ni  Rome.     Ti'e  ht  laiion 


1 


ll  i.  a-  'H.t  I. 


lit 


IS  a  '.M\t>  In 
il-er..ll.  r«e 


ip: 


'I'i 


..mil    Upi'll  <.: 
u-  anci  ui  n..;n 


iiii    Ol  a   tenii 


t  the 


Tilvi: 


The  eaihe 


'11 


!|.  '  1)  .i'.,!s  "I  'J  r  oil   iMl.s   li.  Ill  the  nv.r  ah;,),   n 


,  V  rone,  w  a  li, 


fe 


titai 


.ri'.i'  a  no;) 


uil  iiiii,  h;'ai 
k'cal'iA' 


lie 


,1    1    C. 


.'d.el 


.lel  ;ue; 


1^ 


alio  a   d  M>   I'-i^ 


t..li.id.  I 

Kill  'litis  . 


N.iiiUM,  ml 

,1     ill     VI.  '.\    ll 


ilioiiJ;  ^o 
.■,   and  level al 
Liiur  are  eK- 
in  ihe 
M\  at 


ll!    ll   UK 


^  IV  aie  l. 


;e   1 1 


t  liii.i.nn.' 


auh.e  villa   ol  .Miiieni. 


liiil    niui.tl  um[ 


t    me 


i)U')-l 


s  i  an  hear  the  liglit  of  hfuk  or  bine 


perl  on 

d.  lif.'Jiteil  with  red  and  ^r^en  object-. 


Tl 


appy 
hut  lean 
lev  are  alto 


d  with  an  averlion  to  eating  trail  or  ve.!,aables.  A 
mehmclioly  tileiuc,  and  alixedeve,  areili.  lirll  tvm[)- 
toir.sliy  v.liich  the  hi'eof  tlu  t.ir.intuia  dilcovers  itfeli', 
and  the  imilie  i^  iminetliati  1\  called  in  to  roii/.ethe  pa- 
tieni  10  a  vioknt  ni.iti.in,  and  by   ihal   means  to  pi o- 


perlpiraii'  n  antl  a 
ments  i  hkili-  tiled  are  the  i:iiitt.i 


Violm. 


and  Siciian  kettle  tlr 


Iw.at.     Tile  inllru- 
laiitbov,  trumpet. 


Th. 


country  peeipl 


who  are  more  or  lets  tkillctl  in  all  the  c  inllruments, 
enforce  the  operatim  ol  their  iniitic  by  grimaces  and 
odil  tielliciilations.     The  tai'anto!:iii,  on  their  tide    .i- 


lilv 


exeit  themlflves,  rcsiinatui"  their  iiu.ti<in>  ac- 


oidiiig  to  the  mull;.,  nil  ihe  venom  is  (luite  expe 


Ik 


'I'his  exercile  and  lure   torn.. times  take,  up  live  or  ti.\; 


I  hat 


the\    aie   kepi   lontiiuialh  clancing 


iill' 


tliac  lime,  but,  vvlkn  niture  leems  to  be  e.\haul!ed,  tne 


,11 


mulic  1^  tupend..il,  I'nd  t'.e  patient  jjut  t.i  ti.il,  w, 
lovued,  and  a  lud.oinie  cordial  admiiiillered.  1.  is  re- 
ni.irkai  le,  that  the  p.\!i.  ii;,  o;i  iee.>\ery,  remembers 
no.hing  ofwh.it  p. , if.  d  during  tlie  prevalence  oi  the 
difrdei;  I'lul  tli.it  if  ih.e  cure  he  not  pertecUy 
elieci-ed,  and  the  po.l'.m  entirely  vxi-ellcd,  the  lame 
tvmpioms  raurn  the  iueccediiig  ye.ir,et'i)ecial'y  during 
the  iuinmer  heats;  and  lii^me  have  laboured  under  this 
terrible  diforder,  at  iniervals,  (or  ten,  iwentv,  or  tliirty 
\ea.rs. 

The  kingol  Napus,  or  of  the  Two  -Sicilies,  is  an  he- 
reditary monaicii.  The  high  colleges  ar,  the  council 
ot  Hate,  the  privy-council,  the  tr  alury,  the  Sicily 
C'luiieihlhe  council  oi  war,  Jcc.  The  title  of  the  king's 
cldellfin  IS  prince  of  Cai.ihri  i. 

The  city  of  Napieisone  of  the  m..|';  a;.n'e^able 
places  in  the  world  to  r.  Ii,le  in.  Tl  e  climate  is  mild, 
i  ihe  lituatioii  ailinir.ilile,  liu  city  g.iv  and  popul  .u-,  and 
j  the  environs  ..leautiful  and  inter. fling,  ll  .sab  iiirinc 
Ivigl  111  miles  in  ciuiiii.  The  principal  llre-.t  (Stiada, 
Tuicil'))  IS  about  I  lyo  vard'-l  au',,  wide,  llraigln,  and 
wc.l  built.  In  the  heart  ot  tlu'  cii\  the  llrect^  are  nar- 
lovv,  and,  becaufe  (he  houfes  arc  lii;.;h,  tli.y  aregloomy 


d 


T 


le  paveiiHi 


,t  of  .ill  is  a  dark  lava.     The 


(piares  are  gener.iilv  Imau  and  irreg' 
.en-  .'ire  in  the  tiime  1  ad  talle. 


i'lie  foun- 


'I'o  r  pel  an  enemy  bv  fea,  there  i^,  to  the  well, 
CilK!  del  V>\-.'.  Tow.ud  th..' e'.il  are  liime  batf^rie-, 
the    b:iliion-  u!    the  arlenal,   and    Caitcl    Nuovo.     A 


blmk-li 


I  alien 


delend 


iViOUlh  ot    th 


liar' 


Th.-  ilock-\aril  and   mag:'./.in,'s  are  tpacious. 


The 


haibuur  is  i.ithei  tu'J  c 
of  art. 


vinlincJ. 


1  IS  entire 


1> 


A:chiti',^un-   i-.  bv    no  iii.an^    in   .i  p/iod    talle    at 


N 


Oi 


eluH'ce.i-  lad    npwaids.  tlnre  i-    not 


ilv  c.ll  d.   lilt  radiei   ,i  \..'ia,  one  ol      one,   uiih  a    tioni  .r   p  r.i.. 


U  lliCtl 


any    merit ; 


llie  111 


Tf 


li  el 
'  nit. 
'IlliilU  .1   ! 
iviiiie  (.1 


'.;  n  ill  iv 
it  «  ill  lieie 


t  I  ,ie^..in  arcliit.caire. 


manvofth-m,  mdejil,  preleni  iuithin< 


but  a 


lare  w 


all. 


lake 


iiliaiore  in  oiiteiviiv' 


;Ur 


the 
liic 
Ap  nnines. 

Th    Ink 
mouiii 'in,  whicli  yiel 


riiiaiioii    ■:  ne.v  Tibuitine  H'.ne  Irom 


tl 


The  cimI    archilec'lu. 
liall! 


Napl. 


s  Is  \:\  no  lietter  a 


lie  than  the  cede 


■J' 


leir  tiuilUin.is  . 


ieav\, 


u 


af  Si 


In. ill  the  cahai'vous    i  and  cr.iw, 


with  gii.aii 


iir.)mmenc-s. 


M 


u'ino  conlilli  onh  o 


The  king's  palaie  has  .i  hand.oiiie   Ironl. 


dec, irated 


\  all  tlir.e  ,'i'ilers, 


D.a-i. 


v^orii'tiiian,  am.itr- 


!  \\  uie 


but  the  innabitanis      iini.  e 


nt  ll: 


iir,  ;Ue, 


d   a[ianments    luitaileto    the 


it'iei  than  lain  or  liio'.>  i\aK  r. 


liave  no 

lenii.  i-,  arc  <   i\\ 
chuiche  .     '1  tie   I  1'.,  ll 
1.1  ihe  f.unt,  ai.d  toiu  i  i; 


In  the  wiiol 


thic     cnllV,  Ills,  .illvl  tlVi 


lal'itanis.     Tlie  pictuies  in  it  are  bui  lev 


,it 

o'  me  c  ur  1  cs   I',  ll 


'I'l.e  p.dacs  ot  ihe  nubihty  aie 


lariie.  with  [ow'X  lu 


ledicaied      ot  apartineiu .,  and  a  gr-.'.it  gallery  l.ir  tue  lecepii 


.1.  ..iliesaiid 


.1  hi' 


llatue. 


'1 
comivinv. 


Ill  ol 


1  Su 


A'.' I  r.s  i.  tl 


he  laig.ll    dale  ol 


kill   runlici  arc  the  huildmg 


off 


of  N 

'l.'d    f  .'.    ..'iK  .Sicily  on   till,  lid    ihe 


cilMa.  w.iciie,'  tlie  km 


lidv.      I    ^' 

I'I   no  III  M 

lel'cs  .Sicily,  is  clled    king  o 

ai'  I-   ho',,  and  the  I 'll  lii'.if;  lui'  tee 


m.ide  li.;iii  def'_j,iis  ol  V  )ni  uv.l.     'I  I 
w'.r.iantitjue  ll.iiik-,  louiul  .'.t   CuiU.i. 


ic  unnerlitv, 
II,   I-  .;d  I'll  ll 


I'.i.l. 


hkewiie  pol-       leeiiiie    :  ere  in.heologv,  medici;. ',   pnl.i  cs,  law.  ma- 


ihc    i'w,)  Sicih  s.     The  ,.  ihematk-,    phvlic,   lulloiy.ilie    luMi  iiiitr 


iiiimb.r  ot  111- 


l,cl' 


and  tl 


le  II.  ijueiii  ear 


thiji 


ike.-.. 


len- 


der ihe  couati} ,  in  gaieial,  unpieal.iiu. 


al 


linraries  are 


tlu 


iluit  of  the 


Segt,iJj 


,  Si.  An:,elo  ii  Mid.>;  .S.  rh.hpp  )  Ne 


n  ;  till! 
prLicvi 


i 


mm 


t':i    -A 


mU\>k"^^ 


,'l  n , 


Sr,f) 


A  M'.W.  ROYAL,  a\i) 


Al'TIirN'Tir  SYSTF.M  ot  I'MVPRSAl.  ^U'OfiRA^[(^ 


)111U  ■■  I> 


IT 


ir:';i  ;   llic  lOtr.itv. 


){  Monte  OlivMO,  S. 


(Jiov.'.nni  ili  Cuihui.w.i.  f^i 


.  ihfir  courlf.  have  .ui'umii'.itvil  iiul'.c  wiib 
(Iv 


Tlicrc  ;iic  n.  ir  loiiy 
lanlcs,  :\ih1  v 


lioipiiuN  :inil  lonlcrvaiorii's  ;u 


in  tl'.i'  llicci 
made  \\iil»  ili<-' 
nitvincc  111  tlw  pi 


ilicrcinoa-lHi;j;;irs;uvl  ullc  in-opK' 
'1"!  v!t  i-.  :in  .iiiiui.il  pr.KitTion  .11  N.ipli" 


i.v.ih'.c  view  ot  fxliibiinvj;,  fli;n^  ot  |ic- 
ilc--,  and  ol  C'llccuiu;  nv liny  |ni 


their  lupixni,  or.  .1-  l.viu-  .uc  ot  opinion 
Uiin.'ni  o;  lir,-   1  lull  '■\li" 


tor  tlie  emo- 
I't.nls   upon  ilu-  ui  cation; 


but  c:'inloiir  iliimi.'i  k:A  v.^  to  Uippoii.' tluit  a  p.ut  only 
of  I!      iiiiiital''.i.'  ilon:iii  ■I.I  .lie  ,ippi-.'p;i 
ull  ol  i!i.  p' 


,u.i.l   10    llie 


Tlicr-. 
:ii-c  thoji^,  I  oth  .u  I'oitiuMiul  N.iples,  v.liric  lpci.iinen 
ot  all  tlic  v:\riciK'-  ol  l.iva,  .iiul  ot  tin'  otiiei  oihll.nue.., 
winch  are  tlnown  out  in  the  enipiioiv..  li''tli  lout;!'  an.i 
pohllilil,  mav  be  Ici  n  .uiil  puulMtnl.  It  will  i.il,.  ,1,1 
hour  and  a  hall  to  ^'o  Iroin  I'.iiti.  1  !■'  the  tool  o'  ih, 
<  one;  a  little  inoie  than  ..n  hour  to  aKend  11  ;  .ii.i!  a.  ,.i 
ha't  ihat  lime  tu  i  ome  down  a'.i.iiii. 


\cl 


cluvius  1^  eonip 


uted  t 


o  iiKaluie  2.;  ivi!'  s  round  n 


it^  bate,  ami  to  I  c  ^694  lett  perpe 
the  K\el  of  the  le,'. 


uiieui  ir 


li-ij>i 


Till,  '..real  the.it re  .  1 


St.C 


iilo,  ail'oinnij 


lal 


lal.iee,  i--  \  a 
■.    ih 


11,  noM   ,  andele<;inl. 


ai    theatre, 


there    IS 


1  '1'  at  o  Nuovo,  l.l^,  ah' 


I'U'Kn'.llli,  M^^ 

i;ij   t-  n.inu,  oldirtlum  tlu  laii. 


;  to  the  royal 

Tcair.)    de' 
.1,  notwithllaiul- 


In  the  road  le.,i',u;t;  irur.i  th.  tulniib^  o:  Ciiiia  :. 


iioito  i!el 


Monte  di   Pauti 


'1 


are  the  ii mams  ol  a 


tuinb  or  maulolcum,  tuppoleil  iobeihat  ot  \  iij;il, 


!i  anv  tuundation. 


It 


was  orioiiia 


11^    in  ll.el.ii.n 


the 


:e   tl.re. 


,nVr\..tt;n.'.  m  thi-    i  ity 


tor  th 


dui  ation  of  b  'V--    1;  t'e  prof  llion  ol  nniti 

d.i 


li  ■  ea-'uv. 


ne:!,iii-    *  n  ^-  L  uu  1 


IV,  and   eon- 


llI'.IU-   ill 


1, 


!v-'  ("inni   :i  1  e^ 


ai e  veiv  uc\  ou! ,   or 


,  ill  I  ■  p  ei  to  i;.-   munieip: 


IV  il  ec,   IS  (.1 


VI. led  mio  !i  -.  w 
V,  rn.il  In    a  •,  ■  ■: 


live  ol  wiiK  h  arc  ^o- 


uitc'.    01  n 


he  hi; 


oeloii',;- 


e\    hll: 


l\     io  111.   i'lelHim 


.'.  ,  rtune,  o'.-  .  iiuii   -,  ' 
or  :r..  \  or,  w  11  h  hi-  ^lill 


klio  are  dillnlnilvd    into 
der  v;k  dirtciionoi  an  eletio, 


t  .-t' 


'I'hi    e  IV    l-.as    nviiuv  r  wan  niiicn  or  l.imp 


,ue  w  ;r    «. 


iMk 


iia-  i"  ^11  0  tj 


tile  lied  i;i  many 


A   ii.e 


■t    i  nominic.'.n,  wli.i  lias   p.  rtu.uled  th 


but  <.f 
llreci^, 
1  tl 


ot  a  p\ramid,  but  now  rcfemUK'-  a  larj:c  .-vin.     "  I 


t  H 


(lavs  Ml.  Adilifon)  that  \'ii.u!  was  bu.ieil  a; 


ei  It  am 

Naples,    but   aim  .il  a^ 
rlie  ollu  r  liilc  of  ilie  I.  .wii. 
'llie  eave  ot   l'..ulllip( 


th.it  ins  i.'mb  iK 


Ivoad,  flia't,  !if  te'ra- 


uou-.  roail,  h.  An  I  lir.  ue'.i  a   ui'unt.pi' 


the 


,d    leads  to  i!ie  I  ik.     A. 


ciilar,  aivl  a  ni  .-  in  1.  iveumieieiii 


an. I,  w  iiii  n   is  1 
li;   I  he  mid  ':    ; 


th,-   tutlatmic^  1 


It  S; .  ( , 


or   Hone  ;ipaitn.i' 


.1.  re  the  hot   ih.  air.s 'a|,i  h    a:ile  prodi.i .,    a   p 


perlpiraii'.;;. 
11. lU    diloi'dei 


1!   in  I,  the\   aie  nui.  Ii  tre-iuei'ti.;  in  \  i- 
In  a  roek  near  the  bank    i't;!A!i!..- 


[>eijpK     l.i     tu!  I.  nne   oil     toi 


I  imiv,  to  ourn 


bell 


ir.nue  .      lie    ix.'     them  up  in    th.-  moil    (.■nveiiient 


pl.UC' 

tOiin; 
I'n 


,;a.l   ti.u-   luVL.    I'.u;'.    ilev-.tion  to   publu  .u - 


1- th     l)oL','>- ( ihtt..,   to   laileil  beeaule  a  diOv\  i-    alv.a;, 
niadi  ule  ot  10  Ihew  ibaiiotrs  the  alhmilhiiii!,  i  llleis  "i 
the  vajioui    III  i'.:s   eavitvi  lor  it  ad  'ii^  not.-  W  Ik  Id 


m  the  vapour,  w  uih  lloat^wi;:i 

ol  the  grotto,  tin.    ai'.imal  look  >  all  lip,ns 


in  a  toot  it  the  l'.i;t , 


mg 


tak.  n 


lit. 


out  ot  t!;e   ti.-into.   or  ttuow  :i   mi.)  tl 


i.'.ei'.'.i.u'  a-vi  >.heai 


oiiltrv,  t'/.h'.'-i 
<len-lluli' 


aivitrli.  are  alii. .I.Ian;  ;  iri.it-  ami  ;:  u-<len-ltult  are  lo 
be  I  a.|  ad  ur  t.r  m  1.)  liv  ur ;!/e  a  ciiinate.  Tli.-  n  ■- 
l.'irv  ..-.-  t  n  :  '  t  Ipiend.  1  and  llvw.  Alh.ut  an  luin- 
i',.-..!  ,  !  ii-.im  '  ,;\e  the  ti;';e  i  :  ]  since  ;  a  liill  iJ,re  iter 
m:.ii   e;  bia.'  t!;:i  ••■  di.ke. 

In  liie  mi. '.I  ot  uU  m-Is  uwer  riots  or  outra-e 
li  ipj-.eii  ilian  m  i.n:  b.  e\jx:i.d.  Tin  i^  ■  wrin  paulv 
L.'tiie  n.Ui.-nal  I'lai  io'tei  of  tlie  lia!;.;ns,  and  partU  t.j 
il.  e.r  n  :;  peo-  1  he.  1-n.aig  imiv.  r.ally  lobcr.  'I  heir 
sjeal  \\i\\:"-:  \->  i  i.l  wuiri  and  iioilun^  won'. I  be  I) 
i  k.lv  I  -  1  .i.e  ..  n.i.-m  m  N  iple-  a  a  fcaraiy  'il  r  e. 
It  all  I  .i:,e  '.inr  the  -.11  untaiiv  .1'  out  < 'j.diiein  mil;- 
otV,  'AI  r.  piis'-rKi  rw  :i'-  are  male  p.  pi.i.iM  11  ; 
and    '   i    l'  n;  t  -  Uie  ,   !       :■■'.'■  a-   it  is  uante-d. 

'if  ■  ivii.  11  o'  N'.iiil  a  e  :..glily  iiit-ie'.i::ici  to  th. 
e'ali.,  il  itholir.  I'e  ni  • ,   ilill,  and  the  a;  : -.ii'.  .r- . 

In  o:d  r  l..  '-.  ve-,  M  ■,:  .1  W  u\  iU-  V  n  ^o  c  .ti.er  to 
!Vir;iei  ■.-  R.-  :  ■.,  a  !/.'.  ■  i'.m  e  liia:.  '.ju-.  m.ie^  !i  ^m  the 
l.^tle:lll•  o.  ^-^  ;:>..  ;  ..n  '  :  tie  \.'U  ma\  hit.  niiil.-. 
a;,  ;  ■■  ;  !.  .  \\  en  -.'.u  i:  ve  ;  de  as  'ar -i-  M.uca:.. 
Vol,  ,-..  i  p:i  e.d  I  .'  !.:.■:,  ilie  ui.li.-  aliillm^  y  u  m 
i.iC  .Uent,  I  1.. 'i  i;ni',  a  p.  rdie  r.  ii.iul  y.  II.  .111  I  I'nl- 
'■;.fl  V  u  ai"!.'.;;   '■   '  !■  '    11  prilM- tniiliii"  t..  v  ui  '-All 


lake,  Ir 

I'll//  II,  I  r  I'uteoli,  gloi'ts  in  Ix-ing  the  pine  whtii- 
the  tiili  Chiillia-i  ioniniuiiit\  m  it.ilv  wa-  loriueil ;  :i-. 
Si.!'..ul.    in  In- joiiMiey  to  R>  me.   we  aie   told,  t.-,  n.i 


1 


le  earih 


t    1' 


Il  1^  ill"-  I  1 1  i;.:  -.r 


p-,-i.j  e Ity,  that  11  Maidens  in  the  water,  and,  a  'ir  i\  n- ; 
111  It  tome  ti.iK-,  look.-  inoie  l.ke  lioiie  ih.n  .  il...  I  1 
It,.-  neiuhbouih.!. .d  is  what  the  aiu  unt-  i  all.d  ili  -  ! ,  -. - 
l!,.n  I'ldd-,  tiomthe  f'ArL.tnef  ot  tl;c  clim.le,  dn  e^  - 
d-.:i-.-,  ami  leitditv  ef '.!.e  f"i',  .'\i.. 

ISai.e.  the  ieiel)i..;t  I  ■\mier  ..::(a:  iflh,-   Old  R    - 
mans,   ih.i.d  on  a  bav  al  on;  two  i.nh  -  ami  a  ii .!    u 
ia..rili-weti  tioni  l'u/.'..ioli.  bi.;  •    i  liie  leal;  -ic.'.-  ■;  ■'   :'. 
I    n  I'A  to  be  ieen. 

.S.Lk-riio,  11:^  tap'.tal  of  tfe  I'lim  ip.il.)  Cii' 1,  .  1  I'l  '-- 
eijiahiv  o:)  tin-  lide  t!  e.\;  p  i  :ir  e-,  i-- we.l  l.'Hii.ed.  Ii  . 
a  |aeuy  good  liarboii,-  .in. I  i  '  e,  but  Ii:;l  ti.i.l  . 
1|.  le,  ii.wiM.i,  1-  the  iee  ol  a-  .iuli  it''  .p,  '■>  h  ' 
univeility.  ,i:id  leVLi.il  ar.i.i  .il  I. ,11-,  wliuliaic  tnui  i 
1. 1  lied  1",  an.i  vi  -v  ;.r.,:.i  il'l--  10  1'. 

Otianto,  a;!iiei;tiv  ,  .i.li.l  1  l\.  mn'  in,  1  .1  '  -.lit  1- 
tili.d  cit\,  .;ik1  tlie  ke  it  an  a  lil.ah.p,  oi'  .1  '  "^  m.l 
al  t'.e  ino-..lll  ot  llie  .I'lr.  .tii  ,  ■.'.liuii  i^  ,md  b\-  : 
bri.i'^.'  to  aaoliiir  Uland,  .md  tn.il  i  ■■  .1  1  i;d::e  10  1  ., 
njiuine.'i!. 


I';  I  riMONT,  p'Jii  ol  ill.     n   ;.  nt  1 /'ml'iivi;  ■  1 


a  ve; 


Itie.-i'iii,   ail'.ii      \   a  oood  iiair.   wlii.li        11   wdl    liml    I  t.  uuUil  i  ouni  i  \  ;   .uid  tli-d'.ednuii.t.  f    lib.    1     il  erne 
n,,.(h  ..f„:.      1":'     ,  'me  ..|  tl  e  iii'-i.ntaiii  is  i  ov  ered    |  the  bell  m  ItaK  .      luom   the   iii.u'niam   R.tii.m.i'M, 


whiili  ;a..i  •  .1  aIioIi  d'ytoaf.end,  i>  a  m  i'  iviene... 
and  roaii.itk  pr.)lp...t.  Annu.illy.  "ii  I'i.e  i.nii  .;!  .\.. 
;;ull,  v.ill  t'o.'ols  Si.,  up  to  iie.u  111..!  l-n-l  i  -'.lie  a  )'  i- 
lueot  if.  Villain  i\l,ir\  on  the  Inmnut.  'I'li  iiiliai' 
tailf  ,  an.i  even  ti;e  ll'.rl.  -  and  d"us,  .iri  lull  ■;  '<<  ti.. 
fill  r  kind  ot  wens  ill  li.c  th.o.;:  .1  the  pe..;.l  .1'  oat 
till-  Aip-. 

luiin,  ti.e  (  ipn.il  ol  I'lidm./iii,  an.i  :el;.liice  ■■! 
the  kingot  Sanlinia,  llaii. Isat  tin  e.mllux  ot  it.e  I'  lan.l 
I)..r,i.  Il  1-.  tm.dl,  bnt  Itronn,  ami  veiy  p  j.ul.'n  . 
\\  illiin  tl'i  Mt\  .IK- 4K  ehurehes  amieoiivent  ,aiHl  loi'ie 
ver\  tine  lli-ii-i-,  paiin  ul.irly  Rue  NiU'.e.   and  Rm   de 

^^ ^ ^  I'o.      1  let;- an- likc'Mie  m  my  tiiii- f  jUire  ..  levi.al  in  ■!;• 

ri'ii  "v  L  no  will  be  ii.u...h  injietotlie  pu'-pofe.  Somi  '  lulnenl  palace^  bi  lides  ihal  ol  the  ki.iL',  a  lupeib  opeia 
otili'l  liuaiii-  are  li.K  or  t.A.n  mile-.  111  lim'.th,  ..id.  1  houle,  an  artiiial,  a  lov.d  piiiitint;  houte,  an  iiniv.  ilit>  ■ 
l.a'.  ii.ll  ilicmtclvtjin  ihelea;   win'::  ..lIk.i-..,  a  i filed    1  whith  li  it  ciu.uUaiii;le,  and  one  ol  the  lindl  buildiiii;* 


■A.;:,  ,.;c  aihe-  a  .1  .  iiule;  :  it  1-  t.erclor.  vei.  la- 
tijun.  ■,  io..;i,.i...l  ■•.  t-  I  yo-a  link  i;..  to  the  kiie  -,  and 
pilA.  Pel-  11-.  kA..idi  1  1  eve:\  three  lli.il  y-  u  Kl. 
I'iie  -A .IV  t...,".t  I  I  ,-.  .ids  1  11  t  to  be  ill  .1  hi. rr  ,  bill  to 
•.  o  oil  gia-l--  ,  ..:■  !  "I'll,  t  ,  !  ik.  bieatli.  Ami  all,  jou 
Will  liiid  it  ;:!'  It  l.i.  ,!,  -.-.ithout  much  inlf ulI ..in  .  r 
...LUlenuiit  ;  t'.i.  i  'W  il,  )uii  ^viil  not  be  a!  k  I" 
iliP.  in  n.i.^U  ..;  tl  •.-  ..It  ;.  1  l.iwev.r.  t.ivo.i  .fole 
III  u.'iiU.-mee-  11.. I  ,  pet;  .i]  -.,  all  .a  mju  i  pe.  p  into  the 
titri-  ^I'llph;  ■)!,  ai  le..i;,  il  ife  we.illiii  llpiuld  I'e  line, 
li.ev.ew-  ot  till.  lu:ioii;i'-,  ..e,  I  ..iiiitiy  111  iv  p.iy  \ou  l.ii 
\..ui  ii..iille.  Toil  nail. ;a. ill,  aluives  .uid  Itiuiiii'i 
ut  the  IC'-i.il    tlie.uns   ol    li\.i   that  liavi-  If  .wed    tmiii 


* 

1 1 1 1 , 

i 

r- 

it 

p. ,,. 

1 

til,- 

1 

Ai.- 

1 

ci:  I 
'     h   :^' 

i.ror;R.\r[I'i  . 

ll.it  111  l!:r  V;i'l  (    .    Thtr. 

il  N.ijilcs,  \:\\'.v(  i|HtiiiK'n 
'ill  lit  tlio  iillii'i  I', hi'  iiui-s, 
tnipnon-.  iioti,  imuoV  ,;i„| 

IIIiImIuI.  I  I      will    lA.     ;,;, 

I'liltii  1  |.'  tlic  !c,(il  (ii  i!|, 
our  to  ;il^i.:ul  il  ;  .iLi!  .i;  ..i 
)  a;;.iin. 

iiK.iluii.'  i.'f  ivil's  nniml  ni 
wi[-f:ii!ii-ul.irhvii;,ht.ii  '.\ j 

t!'v  liilniili--  ii;  C'ii.ii.i  to  !'  r 
'H  ,  are  iln-  unuiin'<  ut  .i 
I  io  he  ili.it  <.t  \iivil,  l-i.: 
V. .IS  urinmallv  in  tLi-lin;;! 
iiblis  ;i  hupc  iiviii.  "  It  i> 
)  ili.li  \"u.[il  was  liii.icil  :i 
im  that  Ills  I'tiih  lio.'.l  i.:] 

a   Ivdail,  Oiait.  Iiric'ri- 
a    111'  ainta'i'.      A'  i  o:;;'- 
'.k.    Ai'.aiM,  nliii  h    IS  1  ■  - 
ticui  . .      Ii;   llic  iiiii!  ;    •.   • 
aii'  ■,  i.r   ili'iic  iipaitim  ■  '  . 
1    a;ilf  proiliii  r   .i    y,'  •_'  ■ 
lie  miii  II  tri\nif!!ii..i  in  \  i- 
i.cii   the  haul.    <'i  ;;  r  ill..- 
Uil  1' ■taulc  a  il'>'.',  i-   :;li'..i'. 
(.IS  till-  ailimiihiiijj,  I  li'..i-is  "i 
ii'i  II  a  i!  ',t:\  luill-  l\  h,  M 
wiiliin  a  foot  it'  the  liiit'.i ; 
loi'ii'  .ill  lijv's  "i    11  . ;     111, 
j^.Mtto,   of   lliii'U  :i    iiiio  li 

;i''  in  !\.-in^  tlir  p!  u  c  wIku- 

iiu   111  halv  \\a-  lonrcd  ;   ici 

Ri  me,  uc  aie   tulil,   li.,  v.A 

1  .  t     I'lit.'.ll   lll^  Ill's  )  I  I  i;l:-.r 

I  the  water,  lUiil,  a.'ir  i\  :i- 
le  like  I'loiie  lli.iii  .  .i[.,.      I  i 
t  tin-  aiu  KiH    lall.ii  ili  ■  I  'v  - 
r.tl    <•!  li.e  cliin.ac,  iIh  w  - 
m!,  \i. 

niiT  .,  ;;(.i:  it'  ihr   Old  1^   - 
1. 1  I \\u  i.ul.  -  aiu!  .1  il .!    u 
.  bi.t  '    i  lie  leai;  Ntii'  ■:  ■'■  i: 

Ik'  I'liiii  ip.ilo  Ciii  1,  I'l  1''  •■■ 
p  I  111!  e«,  i^  wed  |.'iii!,eil.  h  .. 
and  I  ■^  'e,  Init  Ird  ti.ul  . 
e  (,t  .1^  .111  li  !l''  ;■,  '.  II  II  ,1 
;  1  il    I, ill-,    w  liu  il  aie   liuu'i 

I  li''-'  lo  |l. 

d,  1  l\,  I  iin'iii  ,1  a  '  1 11  t  :  - 
ail  a  lili  ,!.■  p,  I"  .1  '  '!l  iiid 
.l;i  ,    '.'dm  ;i     1^         .III  d    I  V     ; 

and  liiat  i  •.    .v  I  i  id:i'.  in  '  ,. 


,n  u  lit  I  /iinli.ii^,'  .  1  :i  \  e:  ■. 
'I'.edinor.ti !  ■  lil'^  i  U  eiiu 
ihe  iiiiU'iilaia  R  'lii.  in  :■  'ii, 
()  all  end,  i>  a  in  i'  i  Meiii;. . 
■Xniui.illy.i'ii  r,e  i.uh  <d  Ai. 
)  ill. II  111..1  l.iul  1  -■'. Ml-  a  I'  ;- 
n  ilie  liiiiimii.      'I'l;    iiihai' 

.llld  d'>US,    .I'T   l:'li      •;    lu   Ill- 
ill. 1.1.;:   .1     die  ini'pl     .i'  oil 

I'll  ihii'.hi,  and  :i-l';d'  in-.'  it 
^  al  liii.  i.iiilliix  (i!  ilu-  1'  i.ui.i 
IliDiig,  and  \eiy  p  ;.ij1.'ii'. 
Ill  lies  aiiiU'Diiveni  ,.ni  I  lo.'i,- 
rly  kiie  Ni  \r,  e,  and  Rm  d: 
mv  linr  t  piiK  .  !evi  ral  in  .g- 
.11  ol  the  kiiii.1,  .1  lupeili  op.cia 
Hiiiiin^;  liuiile,  .in  iiiiivrilii) , 
ij  one  ul  the  tiucll  buikliiij^i 


F.UR-OrE.]  I       T 

in  the  city,  1  iic  V.ing's  p.ihiio  is  ilegaut.  Tiie 
tiparlin.nts  cm;, tin  ;i  gicai  lolledioii  ot  [n.-'uire-, 
.•'.inoni!,R  whiih  iimi'  ;ivc  cxceileiii.  Fiom  .1  t  aiil  i  ut 
irom  Mv."  river  Dora,  w.uor  is  conveyed  I'V  .'ii .;  pi  diiri 
into  tiK-  ciiv,  and  alterwarda  diftribntcd  ai  p'icil'ure 
lhiini<.di  everv  liiict.  i  leiv  are  ;i  (ine  liuulcl,  ,iii  i;ni- 
vertitv,  lil'taiy,  anil  many  chanialiL-  tound.itioiiS.  In 
till  n.i'.!,lil>iiuiiioiKl  of  Turin  at.  m.my  heantiRil  villas, 
toiivent-,  .aii'l  oilier  luiildm^'!. 

.Stil'a,  on  the  Dora,  iniiiaiiis  tin-  r.main-  .if  a  tiiiini- 
p'nl  ;irili,erec'tiHl  in  honour  of  Auj^ullusC.cliir.  Ali-mt 
n  ip.iarter  ot  a  le  iiyje  t'ro:ii  it  Hands  Kort  Brunett.-, 
h  ■■•vn  (lilt  of  a  roik,  with  all  iis  outworks. 

Nice  is  ;i  Im  ill  ie.i-pori  on  the  Mvdiierr.uie.m,  at 
f1i-  mouth  of  tiie  Paulon.  It  has  an  indiireieni  har- 
b  lur,  1-  a  live  p.iri,  ami  the  fee  ot  a  billiop. 

M.'NTSEKRAT,  or  MoNTKKr.R.\T,  a  Juchy  fitimtetl 
-,.-i  d  .:  Milan,  1^62  mile-  loiiij;,  4S  bro.id,  and  \\i\ 
i  iiile.  Il  i obtain-  a  lew  loilie.ed  lo.v".-,,  n  n  r.  r.ai'v- 
;ii  1  .  1  he  pii'ieip.ll  oi'  ilieill,  t'll  d.  m  tli.-  I'd,  .^.i 
miie  eail  o Turin,  i-,  ih.e  I'e- ol  a  lulh^p,  lu;ri.iy,aii 
;.i  Milan.  .•Xlcllamlria  li...-  a  llion-  i  ua  'i  1,  and  a -ar- 
ri'iin  C'Hii;'''.in<;  of  five  ret;iinen;^  ot  n.l.iiitry,  and  a 
di-iaehiiivnt  ot  eavalry.  Tii-re  i.^  :;n  ojiera  here  dur- 
in:,  the  two  fans,  in  April  an, I  ():t  I'^er;  Init  the  p'.ie.' 
is  iiee' er  Li;;.;  ■  or  n  luu!-- iM:.  I'he  ['ri;i,  i^.il  biiid- 
in,;  i;,  th.-  f  ■.■•ndioufe  m  t;;;-  L.r.'it  !i;u.'ii.',  In  the  ladie- 
(l"al,  a  '.v^llti.  iditiie,  whuh  conl.iin^  nodiin^  tuainule 
a  flrai'v,.';. 

.Se  1  isadu.ln;  the  h.'ir  .ipparcnt  1  )  th- cro-Mi  of 
Riii'.iiiia  .li-i.ii  lia^in;;  t!i,-  ii;l.' if  diil.c  oi  Savo'-,  mid 
pnn  c  iif  I'ledinoiii.  It  is  lituated  beuwjii  l'ia;i..e, 
I'l  iiiuni,  and  the  kik,'  ol  (i.:n.'va,  heini!!,  near  rjo  iiii'es 
1  '  iL',,  and  iip-vards  of  ;;o  broad.  It  iii-.  aninir^  the 
Alp,  .11(1  1  •  !ife;|iK  iilly  ii  iiiountainous  and  llcile. 
Till,  imi  is  iv.er  tlh-  A!|)S  aie  dilagnea'i'e  and  ilnvi,  r- 
o'.is,  cfpeei.iily  a- hu^e  mall', s  m  I'now,  called  by  ll;e 
!•  ilian-  a.  ifiiuiu--,  ;inii  tlie  tray,;uents  ot  rock-,  tre- 
(]ii  nil\  roll  ilosvn  into  them  tio.u  tlie  ;;'il)endin.!,  [ir^- 
rn  iee  .  'I'iie  way  i>l  trav.  iii;iii  i^  eulier  in  tlei|i;e-, 
thiiis,  or  on  tlu'  luiks  of  mules.  In  Ion.'  pl.tecj  ili.' 
y:  ';  on  the  b:ink  n  t'.ie  p;e.-;pi.e-  i-  I  '  n.trrow,  di.it 
ti.er.  1)1)111  mil  iOi.nt'>;-.i  li^^le  peiioii  to  ji.ils.  It 
l".'.!,"'s  10  Ino'.v  lip.  t'  I  e  mo'.int.e.ns  loininonU  ah  mt 
til-  be'j,irin;im;  ol  (i),dob,r.  In  ihe  nioiuir  oi  Jul', 
A'ii;ult,  1.-  I  S  ■pienilier,  inanv  "'  ih.ni  vi^ld  \  erv  lia. 
gi  .r^,  iMih  .1  ;j,reai  viri.f.  o.  if  us.  i- and  li.ib  ;  and 
lai  ei^  I)  x-w,).id,  walnul--,  clie'nut'-,  and  pin.'i.  T!k 
111  ijX  1' and  diii'.  rent  I  om'.iinain'ii''  ot  il:  li  mounta  iis. 


L      Y, 


■'97 


tiiatcil  to  the  north  rif  the  Appenninc  MMuntains,  bciiio- 
nr.ir  100  miles  lon;j,,  ami  iibout  ico  bro.ul.  It  is  fei? 
tile  and  will  '\aicied,  coniaiiiiiif^,  indcpcndi.-nt  of  fc- 
veial  rivers,  liime  lakes,  particularly  lakr  Lago-Mag- 
u,ioie,  which  contains  ilie  l?.nomran  Ul:;;i  Is,  vi  „  InTj 
Bella,  and  Itol  1  .Madre,  llie  be.iiiiv  of  whieh  alnioll: 
exceed-  iin,ii;i;;;;i!iin.  Art  a".(l  nature  leeiii  |.,  have 
villi  with  c.ich  oth.r  ia  eiMbeililhing  them.  In  each 
01  iMem  is  a  pal. 11' ,  Aah  biautilul  garden^,  brlon^ing 
t'lii-  Hiroiiiean  lamil\.  'I'h  ■  w.Uer  of  the  lak"'  is 
cl.ar,  'if  a  ii,i..Miil1i  cliiur,  .ind  abi,nrid<:.  xviih  lilh. 
I'iie  hill-,  with  wliiih  it  is  furroiind.  d.,  ji.fem  t  moll 
I  lianiiiiit'^  l.indliape,  1  eiii^';  plinied  «iih  \i:ies  .and 
1  111  liiut  ti.es,  interlpurcd  wiih  tumiiier-lioufes.  'J'liis 
pruvinie  biloiigs  to  tl'.e  emiieror. 

Mi'an,  the  c;ipii.;l,is  a  l.irj;.-  walkd  city,  with  aram- 
p.ul  and  litai'tl.  1;  is  i^overned  by  a  iiictidviit  anii 
com;,  il,  1  |i-i\.-  a:-e  many  ihurcli.  s,  i;alai .  s,  convents, 
ho'piial-,  ."<.•.  'lU^'  I. uliedr.il  i.  a' vail  pile,  all  of 
:';  ilile.  Tlie  dome,  liy  Rruiielliiiho,  is  in  ilic  niiddle 
■itiieirol  ;  .ind  imiiied:  iiiily  under  it  i-  an  openincr, 
;iir-ound.  d  with  rail  ,  lo  giw  ligi-.t  to  th.;  I'libicrrant;- 
ouscli.ipil,  whei-'  IS  poll-  t!'e  l-odv  of  S.Carlo  Bar- 
rniiieo,  ill  a  I  life  ot' 1 1  will,  lei  in  lilver  gili.  In  the 
Ami'iMlian  lollc;;:-,  foun.led  by  I'lvderiik  Baromeo, 
:i>  proled'ors  leicli  iiatis.  In  the  fame  college  is  ali'o 
a:i  academy  ol  p  int::>i.',,  with  ,1  mul'eum,  an<-l  a  li- 
liraiv,  coiu.iinin;!,  a  v.ili  number  of  primed  boi  ks  and 
m.'.iuillripi  ;  aiiMiig  the  t.iil  of  which  is  a  tranllaiion 
oi  Jofepl;us's  Ilillory  of  ihe  Jews,  d.ine  by  Rtitiinus 
about  1  2ro  years  ago,  and.  wiiiien  ontheb.-irk  ot'atree. 
The  iemi:i;;r\  i  ..r  fciences,  the  c -liege  of  the  noi-le;, 
tl  e  lielviiian  college,  and  the  iiiailKimtieal  academy, 
are  nobU  louiidaiions,  and  llatclv  buildinus.  Of  the 
hofpitals  the  ive'll  remarkable  are  th.e  La/.aretto,  and 
lilt  lali'  d  the  ,'l.eat  l-Iofpit  .!.  In  ;i  void  Ipace  in  iiic 
ot  il'.ellr.et-  01  Milin,  where  11 n'd  the  l-oute  ol  a 
barber,  wlei  had  c-  iilpir  d  with  ilie  cu-.'.v.iila'-v  of 
h.-alih  top  iloi;  his  *  d  .w-if  ./•.  ns,  i-  eivc'  1  a  pillar, 
called  Col  iii'ia  In  .mi  ,  vvidian  it:  ci;;!i  n,  to  iii.rpeiii- 
.ate  li'i- memmy  i.t  li.e  i  .•■.icrab!.-  tf  li'e'i.  Ti.e  envi- 
rons of  ti;i^  u;y  ;ir.  verv  pleai'.mr,  b  inj,  a  'oiii.d  witll 
1  e  ;i  t;.iil  ;  .1:-,  ;--  1.! 

I'avia,  on  ihrTi 
briiliic  O'  iL-c  arc'  i  -, 


I    1..11' 


a 


s,  iiieli.;fd  .  I'.c. 

11,  over  \\I;;c'i 
-,  i-an    1.1, 
:  I..:  iioni  t^'c  eitv  is  a  m.'.mir.ice'it 


1p;iii  I'.is,  Iii.if  thinb"  in- 


)h.  n  i  ■weiini,  liinunil  -  riiint!;  a'mse  one  an  nee 


1  I 


•  vend  iMiii  fno'V,  tiie  ma.n  ca  11  a  1 


ill  •  IliO'i   an 


r  ijiidiiv 


■t  ilie  iivv 


M.  en  II' 


11    't  Ms  '.'.  lie.-, I 


le.iiiis  I  im:  .in^  Iroiii  1   lit  l'.)  c 


am 
;allot  '.at  r, 
111 ,  Ihe  f.  .iii  and 
;i::  !  ihe  nu  uer'iis 


lialiit.il  I  It   . 

Cariliuli  .n  iro;;.!  eii ,  ca'lr.l  i^'ert  :.i,  li  ii.ided  i.y  j  )iiii 
fi-lea/xo  X'iiii'i  ti,  v.eoihcd  111  the  y.ar  i.p'-i,  and  lias 
an  elegant  monuip.cii;  o;  white  iii.i;i;'e  eM.'ied  I  >  \:\i 
memor\  in  the  cliuuli.  Thep'-k,  in  whiih  tfe  con- 
viHt  ll-ud  ,  is  1  I  ■.\v.  'A  lMcii!.  I  il.  c  i  ail  Uiuverlity 
atl'.i.\i-;,  I  enlirtiii.   ifie^eiiiil'.    .-. 


Liiiii'iiii,  on    ii: 
n'lU'ly  I'ortili.  li. 


IV 


II 


IS  U 
a  I 


tl 


a 


bli 


i-p, 


.1 


uc 


.hll",  f 


111  .llMv  tn,. 


A  biiats  o\.r  li 
n  iinivi  1 1.;  e,  a  ln;\r.>   ,aili,dia:,  many  oil  ' 


Vi  rv  lomuni  ii. 


■.e'K. 


'I'ne  luifa.e  ol   il 
kc 


LiiKi.,    or  if  cl.uiclie-,  toriv^iii-,  i  h.apel 


?<i 


ice  v.idi'    ,  ip.v  irs  like  .1  III,  I'r  lake;  and  t'.ie  an  liei 


II 


11',  am 


1  A 


ii.'ult,  i>  e\i  eednn 


T 


le  inli.i'.iuani-.  o 


f.Si 


did. 
;he  belli  t  peopl 


]' 


M  ^  an 


I  .^C!  N/,  A  ar. 


II  I 


1  IH; 


e  eX' 


is  ah. Mil  touri;..l  .- u' v  lu  nil.  an  i  coma  11. 


cil)  Ip' ,ik 


di.     ( 


a  lor'u 
hey  lel'i 


mbie  t 


In  till 


led 


rmans  moie   ii 


iie.ii  luimiieri  ot  tn  ■  moiiii  .line  1 


kxe 


s,  are  Ui.orniei 
s  in  the  thro. it. 


d,  :v.u\  I' 


sai  I  icui.u 


b  d 


'iii.in ', 
in  the 
-fbiih 
.1   'Ailh 


I 


lei  e  1    no  c 


hur  11    p.i 


M'-ii.a 


,  tint  Is 


V,  1.11  ill  leei: 


.Mi.l  no  app.ai.i. 


diMl  IS  a  mil  ins,  lu;i\i 


liinj;. 


tamou 


s  pamti;;g,   liy 


n  Co,i.  j'i 


.liicl 


1   I-.    tlie  onl'.  iiKiaivenien. 


tlie\  fiilFer  lro:n  ilr'  tliMii   .•  diloider,  as  the    wens  an- 


il'it  Ul  flic 


liall 


i.unlu: 


I  .!.i;ii;gei 


I.      1 
Tl 


!  Tvi! 


he  'lui.il  pal  ..e  1 


t  a  i'  uii 
nolli     Im: 


1:1  tlie  d.  m  ,  b  muc  I 
is  now  in  great  part  piili  • 


01  wooil,  am'.,  Ill  ge 


tiiii'lv  im.i'.'ined 


tliouiii   !!ie  lapiii 


o!  .Sivoy,  a 


IV 


!        I'ia,  en/a   i-  aiu  ul  ero  ^  ar 's  t'lom  the   I'o;  a   I m 'i 


n  'ili.ni',  w  11 


1 1  nil 


Tlie  li 


de,  ilille'ulul  viillci 


lu  11  ion,   indeed,  i--  line 
.ce  111.  ;e  is  the  ",i\.,i 


ty  ol  idiici'ts  tii-t   a  line  louiitiy    uid  rii'iiniauis 


V.uiety 

<  .ill  iirod.iiie  :  Init  11  i  ■  a  p  m;  i 


of  nil  It  n   le  .'.iid  ;inliL|u;iy,  but  of  late  mu 

Il   ;    aiidMepo;'iil,i:i  '.      I:  has   .i'.'   archil. liuie, 

llieels    and   p.Iirv   linwri..      Moll  of  the  1  ' 


,hd 
I. 


liitv  I  wn  ;   the    lionte- 


i.s  oi  III. 


B- 


otoi'.na  Id 


daik,  th 


ill 


llAi 'inv,    ill' 


II  .1'      Ills    .111 


.1   '   th 


CaiaCii  ;;i 


dil 


'llie  IVila/.."!  I'nih 


mi  lie   fniildi 


igs    m 


it'ei-ab 


ihii  al  [laki.  .'  is  .1  c.Il 
\ciii')i*  1  lod'Uii'A  ,  CO 
louiiiiy. 


uvir  Ihe  s' 1; 


"1"Ik    ii  111  lUid.  r  ol  tl' 
.ly  ,iie  tlie  g' 


LioiumandiiK',  the  lw.v;i  .iml  .ii|i.ii.enl 


Milan,  one  of  tlie  tiucll  provinces  ef  Italy,  1.- 


ti- 


tiiiMi-h.ill,  on  'J I  ■  jii.i.v,.!,  IS  a  i  in  I' Ills  I  Ul. 


I  ime  'iiii.ire  aie    ilie 


I  Al  liiiiidr. 


1.  .ind 


M' 


uellri..n    il  ill'  s   111  ivo'i.'.  ■ 


Rii 


IlKi  M 


(i 


ovai'nl  n"  ' 
pii'.ue  i  by  \  : 
ol  It  liniliied. 

10  i; 


I'liii,  or   Ins  1  11 


M 


n.il.i  :   11  IS  o 


I  111  I 


',  c'tlier  liv 
The  diii.il 
aeid  '.inlv  a   ihirel 


111  t!ie.i'iv;idi-ii.)5t-'  Hi 


The 


li 


I'  ",1 


II 


>i  ' 


'  1 


'tj 


Sc>S       A  M'AV.  R()V.\[..  AM.  AITIIEN'TIC  SVSTKM  or  I  Nl\T.R.r\[.  r;i:()r,i;,\p[;v. 

Tlic  lii:  K;  s  ot  l'u'n;i  ;iii(l  l'i:iiin/.,i  \\^\^^  cxci  nil-   ,     Al.iii.-,   tl:.' (iutli,  ;i:;'l  .i!iv-|-i\;U(ls  1  a   At;,  li    iIkII 


ri;ritic  ihi.- taiiK  IV  I 'Union. s  .iiul  ;irc  now  in  the  bpi    |]  git';il  lai.iilHr.s  ol  tiir   p-.o;Mc;   t 


ill)  Ian 


'I' 


•ytl 


:cir  cxu'in  IS  ;'i 


Rir  m:iirvi:ic 


u'  liciri'ls  lit  I'.iincll 
lioin  call  t'>  Will,  ai: 


44  ti'oiii  iiirtli  t>i  loiitli.  Tl'i- lull  wKriik-,  llu'  p.il- 
tuK-^aiul  intik'  till  ;  la'i-u  ^k^  .ukI  mincr.ii-  aliouiid; 
as  alio  mines  of  Loppi'i  .iiul  umi  in  ilif  .ApiKiiniu  .s. 


TIrIo  ilndiics  aic  ii"i>d  li 


I    111.-   nniniii.T  am 


1  iina- 


lity    ot   tluir    cIk'cIc    talj 
elUvniiil  tor  tlicu  cxci'lloiii  llavoi 


'riiK-liii,    aiul    iiiucli 


ir. 


M, 


mi  N  A,  u  nil  li  .,;  i:tu 


:itc.icaii  r.rr, 


ill   ;ill  iIr'  ncc' li  ,ik-    ol  lit'-,   ni.ili>    'uiiicia's.    jK'tif- 
i\^-.      It   i-  well  \v.iiii\il,  .ir.  1  til,'  dtilst   ib   a 


t'u=\i 

vair.l  '  t  ilic  (";iriii.i:i  .  iiipitc. 
M(i  Lii.i,  tlic  capii.il,  i^  1. 
luit  II  It   luiKlioiiie. 

1 


till. 


rj-'.i",  popiil"ti';,  a:\il  tor- 
it  I    I  Ik-  If;-  ot  a  Ivtliop, 


I.-   a  lar-je  iinwiild.  catl'iClial, 


Tl 


};i\i-;i  hiiih  to  Itvcial  itk' r.it; 


ii--  I  ity    liaili 
'c-iloiis,   pariiciiLii  iv 


T.itl 


po 


t ;  C. 


ir.  g-.'.i-' 


the 


;u-il  11.11:11.  r-,  Si 


s; ' 


Illtls,    V.'X   cT.  I 


liaii.uul  iiill..riaii;  lia  V'i'n  .l,i,  tin.- ari  lii- 


Mo:..t 


c  u.  nil,   I 


he    1: 


:rn.:al, 


T! 


till  al  11. '.lac.  1   a  iiik 


ecihtic-.  111   ulii  ii.  a;ii')iii!;  tlie 


o;l.er  line  p 


(1  :.i  N.i.te  i- 


.  ilic  Iv.rth  of  C"'i:i;i,   by  C- 
lue.  1- ni'.iili  n.leii..a^ '.     Tli' 


ire^-ii. 


m.-.;i'i!  .i'lie  toiwln-li  t   1-  '  ity    i--   n  >ieit   i-   ti  it  ot 
nialk' 


Miraiul 
ll  e  ''I  m  1; 


ot  -Ali-.il  uie.-.t  luii'.itx'i-  aic  exp  i.t.il. 


01.! 


lie   e 


c  ot  ai  lilo-',  and  the  I'.ipital  o 


t  1  uh  eii  it  j;ivi  ■  11:1:11 ',  an.l  -.^hu  h,  I.  1 
loilii  li;u.-.  .  ■  loiia  ll  In  i!'     no   le  t.uii  h.  ol  I'ico.     ( )( 


Iv  aiul 


till-  Uiiv.lv 


.!o.  :,    U-:',U-.C  \V  V, 

r.iul  I'.ein  '.  i  rinu-il  in  a  l.r 


1: V  w  s  ill     ta 
aie  ■.\er 


M 


).'.  11  ati'.oii.'  ti'.e  le.nnei 


.1  '.mall  c!i  •.  ;Mer, 


i;iv. 


n.i- 


1  ilie  1  >  ;  ei  -a  liieli  1  iir.i. 


.-all 


d..uoie.uul  liii.lt 


wiih  all  tiicir  wealiii.      I-Voiii  tiiat  t 


It'll  liiUiiei-   tu:-    d;  htr 


1:11c  .u  it\  i;r:i,h;. 


vv  poweiiiil  lroiiiit-.lituaii.  n, 


lomnu-i 


repiili: 


w.-\-  ( 


opill.-l'tt     ,  11 


oniu-il;    li.al.    till  11,1':!.,! 


the  p.-opU  uith  riclu•^,  rielies  g.i\f  liiitii   t 
ainhiiion  iirL;eii   tii  111  to  t onqtull,  aiul 


:ii;'iii.,,i. 


ctued  tlR-ni  adiliti  r,:il  territoru 


CoIUll., 


'I'l'''  tV>V'.iiiiii-:ii  ofWiiice,  a!!erniaa\  r. voluiinn-. 

iial  lorni,  :in(|  du  tn 
Rle  ha-.,  tl; 


uas  at  iail  l'e;il>il  in  an  aiilloerat 

pr,  nie  auihoiiiv  witeil  in  the  iiohii  <;.     T 


iitle  o 


t  1- 


\i.elle!U  v  ,  aiiu  we.ir,  .is  a  ni.u 


ll.K  f.   III!  I'l  ;1   i'.iA  II   ,   le.n  I 


UK  01  tliliiiu'ti ii;i, 


eliir.u  ;,)  i|,.i;-  |u  (.•; 


c.ips  and  p  iriui--..      AnlR-h,.'.(l  ol' ihe  jviverni 


llic  ilo.'e,  « 
.liv.ihit. 


hoi 


t  o:;iee  \\,i<.  o;u 


here.! 


with  lor, 


ii-ni 


t.irv,  atii 


P' 


Inii  th.  totir.eri-  now  i  It-.i  i-,e,  ami  the  luier 
very  inu,  li  eaeunileiilieil.  Tli-nr-h  ill-.-  pouer  oltlic 
U)  .e  lb  till  '1,  his  ll  It    .ml  reiinii    are  r;-ieiul;J,,     H 


till.-  I-  that  ol  S.-ieir't\ ,  :ui 


illi 


laul  t 


i 


I)  oe  a  kill-;  Willi  reijai.t  to  lii    10'  e^,  a  leim, 


le  iov::-.ci'-h  'lur,  a  iiriloiiei  m  tiu  e 


it^  ,  ami  ;i  p;  iv. 


li 

m.i:i  out  ot  It.      Thouiil 

noti.ngiilii   (!ii>ni:v'.     Th.  iii'iuir  1011  i-   iind.  r  rr.  ;i 


h  he  may  be  ilepole.l,   1,. 


reltiici  :o:iS   luu 


Ih 


c   prinnp:! 


ll    V 


neiun  0 


l<nif;l  tlio  i:  i-  ti.ai  ot  Si.M.uk,  tlie  liaii-.':-  ol'wl 


I  lai-i-e  '-.o 


I 


111  d.l    1  eiula:  i  liom  t':e  \  :-ea!l.     T' 


liler    o     LonttantiiK 


e    knijliis  v\i.'  r  a   ti'ul 


eli.ui). 


IroMi  a  ] 
Tlie 


ariiiv  eontiil.s  of  Ki 


b  i,an>Mi; 


i  ei:  ■iia:.b   i.m  conn 


a  io;-iirJ,il  !c  (kn.     T 


wei  n    0.0  •(■<  and 


o  jiurp,  p:i  I- 


i.  ipallv  .*^Wll^ 


1). 


ihii.iti.iM  ;   ;uiil  the  e  .mmam 


I.  let,  tliiiil  C'ai'.taiio,  i-;  alwav    .1  ti 


I  oil.     1  he  orili 
nnalK'  to  aSoiit 


iiei.  iicr  ot   dil!;;!  . 


try  r^vemi.-.  ot  the  Hale  anioiiiv  a" 


v-i.  lU-ih: 


1  1r  link 
fo:'  :i  LO-iliil'.  ':■..  1 
A-!erv,  ..-ll,  t!,e> 
t'lUl  M)  that  <  t  C 
was  iiLariid  to 
fh.r.  I  V  H-i  anie 


ipal 


>:  ii'.enialiM  -s  •  i 


M..ira  ami  Cairara  w.-ie,  \\       \'en:c 


tio;n  the  (.iill-jiiv,  ind  diiliei 


and   aiiie  i.lii>.liv 


n  I  ,t. 


de:  ll.e  ( 


to  Kie   h    .lie   ol 


ll,   i^  oiu-'it  ihe  lined  (-itic-.  i:i  tl 


enoeu  'mi  I'l'i,'!;.'!!.  '  1  >i 


.!.,    „! 


Ml 


.ilpini. 
1:0,  the  via,.!"!.!!  1-  .il,d  ll.  11  el-  ot  \diii. '1 


e.    tile  (. 

iM;   aiiil  eei-.;.iil:  the  iv-.  l!  ii:-.e;ular.  with  rel;- 

n  ot 


to 


it-  luii.i'i-'i.;  I)  111  ' 


uilt  on  riR-',  m  tlie  mn 


a;  L>\  t   e  I  ..i.'unes. 


redit.ir\  I 


e  iR 


lUlol  ih  I 


■t  M. 


fifii 


o  i-ne  ;i:  nl.  ei",   ind 


iiii  e 

•null  .e  .  w-iie' 

vfuil.uk      T 


:e,i  I.   \, 


I  .  \  ^u^  Ine  i  iiy  m; 
r     I   •':'   ->.    lb   t'.l 


prcit  ca 


ii.ii,  v.lin  ll  il-.- 


I  i  wo  a  111')' 


ll  J  i|ii:il  put  ,  in  ih'.-  f 


I  i.i.lv  all  '.;t  a:! 


'*-)• 


|-,,.  1. 


Ill  ,11  1)1 


'I  ll 


u  l-;.iilto  r.  I,  arlv  in  tiieni: 


lav    till  I'  ;\iiiie- 


Tui; 


"\'  ii\,  1 


il'.i.ite. 


n   11.0  rr.ei 


l-'lU'ld 


teet  wi 


and   a  tlotilne  ii'.-.-   o! 


b   I-  uUlli   l.lMll  It. 


h  \  K-'  kon  .)oo  canals  t'-ir. 


.ihe'i.i  iniee  ir.:  e-.  li'iii    ihe  'e  .  1- 
iiin.-a.ian  lo  li.e  :ii 


e  I      ol  a 


hii'ili 


co:i!iiiun'C..tioii  ■   all    iver   ll  e  citv 


a,  and    li.ib   :i  du  ,il 


:i  .i;.\  iveiie  11  niini 


'I'l 


and    hid, 
•V  is  riii-roiini. 


|i  .iaet 
■■:\er  1 
fri  1111  ; 


11.1-.  I  n  a  Ml. I 


lu.d    t' 


.'.'.en. -a.   t"i 
le  R-.i,  lit  ih: 


yi   id   1  Ir.i.-  1";:  ot  i; 
i::.'  if.c  t'l  iliediiki.. 


t  oni 


'  '.1'  io':,e  I. 
i:  k-.t!...:  1)1 


M.ii 


M-,NTI 

levt;!  Ill   , 
tu  the  !...! 


■  id  I. 


n    111.    I, II 


..   .1  I, lis,  U  lUv. 

ii  I  ^'  nlideul- 


;t    not 


1  iir..ltiii;deol  ;li„ikl  ,  ;ii.;.\  ot' th  nioctiipi.  d! 


e  -liven'. '. 
Th:'      1, 


r 


and  1..0-, eriMii'  nt    ot    V 
■  e'ts  t  I  a  lh,i:i:-. 


piiLIc    eiitcrtaimn.ni--, 
eiine,  are   all  iiueiei;- 


linmil.ir  a;  ;-ir.i 


lim-  ei:v  \ui. 


;l  I, 


A  a- 


lliikiii'.',.  hotli  t 


loni  1 


I  n  ■\  ■  itv  air 


.iut\ 


ii>niideiaoi'j  tune  is  i.  iniiii 


l-ii 


.i..t   IS  ciir;.)ii'    in 


't  .\ 


M 


intiia,  t' 


iiRi.nt,  -.av. 


mndtd  iiri.i;-  i  '  iv  -ai ' 


lormtd  ii> 


1 1  1-  ll 


'enk'e:  aini-.itl  all  t!v.- 
aU'.l  nianv  ot  li.c  p.ilices,   li.uc 
now-  the 


iiRihiii-;   lo  .nil  .et  n  -tiee.      l-.>er-  lod    k 


the  ov.::h.iv, mjj;  ol  1; 


M 


.'.e'l  .v:i'n-):.:i  .       i.iik   -.  hivlithc  Vciutian  li  he 


j1  a: 


.iiltecl 


in.  I 


:1 


il-e   aiRl 


:old  'Mill  peilon-.ul  la'ite. 


.Tfpioai  lied 


0:1  iV 


1     .:i.H)Ut    Ion.-   11: 
i;:c   Hi'.. 


I  'Iiy,   liri'.)'^        or   e.iii.ea.iv 
1:1     eiu  liiii,eie:H  e.        S   111 


i.'ii.e 
ii.dil 


are   -.' 
.t   thev 


■  l    li 


1.1:1,      W.iil     .1 


ally  uiKi|i.al,  .iiul   n.olU) 


I'he  iluiitl 
.ir^li  tt.-'.'ile. 
Ti,e  p.,la 


an   .1,1  .  Ii.i! 


are  reniarkabk-  lor  pi.-t 


pi.-tur.  s  and  eoed 


:i'  :e  ,.r  '  11    i':iMi 


h  cluirch.s  nt    .M 


S.  Mark,  or  the  ducal 


.1-     the  .iparliiv.nt-.  ol    the  do;' 
d  cli.imher.  lur  ilie  ttnate,  an- 


Wlttl.l,     illd     1. 


ill' 


I.  :il  conni  il  .  am 


t  tril 


con'.  ::.{■ 


The 


lunal 


'I  he 


p..lae.-.  1   very 
,  there 

.ill   tliC 

f  S. 


treaUirv  o 


atlie.Iial    1-  Ipiieiuu  ,  ail  I    h.i.    In. c       .\!il. 


'  lie. 10     Kotn.ll)'.     '.l.l'-   III.-   ;ll(;nite' 


paint 


el  I  ;"  III    llIM,  wilh    I 


iptr  lie  I 


pan  .  t  the  >  1  •:iv.^.     ! 


ill. 
I  Ih. 


I'-  ^  <  >)  II'  11  in  icWen  and  reli 


i  reh 


To  1 


i.i.e  leave 


I     .1  :ii:-!il  Oiec  '  vi: 


t  the  tciii'tilion  I'l   .S. 


A(.t.n\,  I/,   l-'uilo  \  e  ..1. 


Alitti-  '.'.,:y 
tli'-Tillare  ".!. 
giotto,   ;u  uhi.  ll  that   •;i..it 
j-ciired  lor  llueiv. 


Mr.ii.a,-  Tietoli,  tl 


.■\m!. 


..  1 


,-.nd   tu.ir  It    1- 


[;  Lt  lb  .a.d  to  h.ive  ott^n 


\'i-:nici:  rciCc  Ir'.in  .;   wry  f: 


t  '  I  e  It,  ,1)11  niMil  .ippiy  to  one  ot  ilie  p'Oeui.ito'-s  ol 
^.  Milk.  Tlie  paku  e- 01  the  iMl'ikiV  at  N'eniec  .iie 
in  111  el- uani  llije  of  aiel:iie.:i  me  :  tiie  tioni-  r^re  en- 
I'lcli  d  -A  nil  C"hiiiiii'j  ll)  ea.  ll  tloiv;  the  orders  conte- 
(]ii  nllv  .u.  I  Ml. ill,  I  I'll  I  hen  e.n.  Ii  ih'n  e  liip[)"ited  in  il 
dilknei  an  1  n.uural  ir.  inner.     One  ot  t!-.e  lingula 


•t  th^  liiii.^  Ill' I  ity  IS  its  c-mleiA.iion. 
Khool  ov  le.ileiim-s,  lor  inllrucuii;;  y 
nuilic  :  ot  thele  there  arc  lour. 


(I 


ical 


ounir  uonieii  III 


mil  I'tvianiiiii  to  "leat 


(.(jiilciiiKmc 
cit\'  of  Venice  ir 


That 


iil-er  '  '1 


ll.in.l-,   where  th 


.1-  on. on  ill',  lah. 


:il)ited 


by  fill 


lernv-.n 


Li'it, 


only 


Ital 


11 


Tlif  I 


V, 


ij/./a  di 


li  S.  M,i 


if 


rco  IS  the  only  op.  n  are.i  111 


ni- e   larp.e  eiiouuli   lor  a   i  mliderablc   number   of 


neonie  to  ali'cnihle  in. 


tv.ideJ   lirll  by    ,  Tliib  b< 


.ilk  about  at  tiirir  cat. 


A-ini.'  Ill', 


only  pl.i..e  ul  ptil'lu.  rel'oit,  llierc  is  a 


irciit 


iy 


.[.  (^a.Or.IlAl'FTV 


ivnwiuts  1  V  Atl.-.il,  llir  II  -,^ 
uplcr  lifd  liiitln.-!-  tor  (1;  lur 
!(>iii  th.it  ti.-iif.u  itv  i:';uin.i'!v 
lt^  litii.ui..n,.uiil  opiil'-t  1 1  .)  ii 
w.v  fiiriiifii;  ii.ul.  Iiiiiruii.  J 
ifhcs  f;:i\c  hiitii  t.'  ..!iil  i:inn, 
lonqiul},  ,iiid  c.'iuii.Jl  [,i  ,, 
ritoru-. 

.nice,  ;i:tci-  iiia;i\  i\  vuluiinn:, 
illcHTiitiial  liT'ii,  iind  t!i^  |,,. 
llu-  lldhli-;.  TIkI'c  Iu\^  th; 
MMr,  .IS  .-i  m.iik  ol  iliiiin.-tii>!i, 
iinu  !o  ilk-ii-  iuci  ,  uit'i  l,v,.. 
Iicluaj  ot  ihf  goviiiiiiv  ni  : 
ioni\-  licrodit.ny,  and  pivA  r 
i-  tinwili'.-tjvc-,  and  i!ic-  littcv 
.  Tl;  't!  di  ill-'  pnu(.T  of'tl!..' 
1  1  ritmu  arc  I';  icnd!,!.  Y]  ■ 
,nil  hi-;  olli  c  tor  :i:c.  I  |. 
;aid  I.)  I.i-  ii;'  cs  a  IcintMi  i  i 
nti  in  llu-  i.ii\ .  aiid  a  p;iv..;.- 
Ill'  may  be  di|i()li.\l,  !,c  ,.,■,. 
'ii.  lU'iui!'  i!in  i-  uiid  r  gr.  ;t 
principal  \'  lutuin  (.;il  r  i.; 
Maik,  till-  l)a<!-'^  ffwliicli  is 
ulai  [  liom  t';f  "^^i  rcalh  Tic 
ii.;li;b  v,i.rr  a  tiMli.  l>an;^i:' ; 

iiip  a  ki;-m:dal  Ic  fltti.  Ti,, 
o.oviaiid  '.'^.coDniep,  p'l  ,■ 
I. in  ;  aiid  (l\i.'  c  iinniaiidr.  ;:i 
iiKvay  a  toH-i;.iicr  ol  diH;!!  - 
nu.  ^  I't  the  (laic  anioiini  a;i- 
rh  |ti'ih:'j;,  anil  aiilc  thitlly 
lits  :  n  r.'t. 

m-')t' ihf  fined  cities  in  thi; 
iii'^ll  linjjiiihir,  with  rclp'  :V  to 
)n  plies  in  t'.ij  mitil'  ut  il;.'.!- 
Th.  pic.t  canal,  v.hii  h  d/.- 
ni'jll  K  i|iial  p  M!  ,  m  i!'.-.  f  :  :n 
1  i.t  an  luuui'e  I  pa  i  •  i.\i'r. 
Riilto  i-  !,  arly  m  tlic  i:i;.!d!e: 
v.-\  :  ;  ami  a  doiiliio  i  >•:;  n! 
I'll  \  le.  kon  -loo  cana!-  t'-n;- 
'VLr  tie  citv  ;  aiid  lird,; 
'He  ni;  :;  i  'y  is  !'iiri'H;nd'.\l 
1  ,  ;ii  .:..  ^'t  th  ni  occu;  i.  d  1.} 

ir.-,    p-al.lc    cnicrtainnunt'-, 

oi    Venice,  are    all  inicici;- 

;.       T!k-   mi^iihir  appr.'.ac  1 

ilO;  •  llukiii;.'..  hoili  troni  i  . 

ii-nliilci  iMe  time  is  i\  i[uiii  I 

;n   \'enicv:  a^tiMli  all  ilic 

I  tnanv  ot  ilc  p.i!  icts,   lia\c 

ice.      |-.v  er    I  vA     kn(jw>  tliC 

liliii'il'j  ui  aitiiuccliire  and 

■o!  ta;!e. 

rkabh  ior  pi;lur,  s  and  vo^d 

;,  or  the  ducal  p.dac-,  1,  very 
larim.nf.  nt  tlicdoj^-,  there 
I  ii.ir  the  ri!Mte,  and  all  ttic 
)unal>.  'I  he  treafuiy  of  S. 
^  and  i^:li>.  ..  'I\i  h.v.e  Lave* 
,'  to  one  ol  ilic  p'ocui.it'i'-'.  I'l 
I  tiie  iioiility  at  \'cnicc  aie 
litcL'tuie:  ii;e  tVont'  r.re  en- 
a.  h  l*oiv;  the  order-,  conle- 
n  cavil  lloi\'  I-  Inpjvated  in  :i 
cr.  0:\-  oi  ii;e  lingiilaiitii  ■; 
C'inlervaiori,  ,  and  UiUlical 
inllrucuii:',  vuuni!,  women  m 
lonr. 

Co  i;.  the  on!v  cp  n  ara  in 
•  a  c.inlidi  ralile  nunil'er  ot' 
id  walk  abvjut  at  their  cal.. 
;  ut  ])'.iMi.  reluit,  tlierc  is  a 
^•icat 


///./L/v,//v1UNKKS's,    t/r,  <//./// .y'(Ji:()(JK\l*IlY  ^a////io//t/^hi,,-/.    />a/nr//y 


"''''\v'\VA"K'Xv''^v.C' 


/  if,  fr  /.■,>„>    /A     <^. '//'./////   ,'/ '    ^'    ■'^///'-/i   'V    A'/A-   //////A'AV    ■/.'/" 


/ 


i 


/  / 


r.i'iioi'F..] 


■fi 


!l 


I  Of' 


!  ii 


;m^ 


};ri:t  v.iiifly 
iii;.\  it  i'  crow, 
wc'.iiliii    nii'ii 

lIllT.-.        T      •  1 

ii-i  lifilf  apirt 
withuiit  iii..;',ri 
friends  iii   .i 
llicir  piLi.  I's. 
oi  !|i'iiij!;  iiom 

pl.Ul-  111    g,  I).' 

nnnilc  ilK-mli.1 
Iv  o,  calioiiai! 
in)|irol),il)if  ;  I 
wl'ii  l\  iliey  an 

TlKicare  n 
f  1'  ilic  Urimis 
pl;ly-lloiili's. 
c.'imiva!,  in  .i 
nnlli,  ,.inl  :i  111 
to!  ain  .iiilml 
iilc!  i-iih  il.i, , 

■I'll;'    All   II 

coinpili.     Hi' 
V  ir,  anj  rep 
(lore,     llov 
(  ov,  r ;   i  .ill  ii\ 
I  'if  :lr^l^  .11.- 
lcnal«.     The  1 
lie,   ^  liiil  np 
c.iiric    iIi.'iIdu; 
tl^c  w    ,tlicris! 
is  lu'ri.imi  (I  II 
II' 'nice.!   ill   tl 
firi.-ii'.  .i|    c.inn 
popt's  miiicii) 
ntt'  ;h!o1   In    , 


»'   '■ 


I 


way  MHO  the  ii 
ot   tlic  t'lrci.'ii 
tl.lll  lliihiiitv,    ; 
ol  cvcrv   kind, 
fiik  ,)r  1 1,  li  t!i:t 
vent-.     A  l.ar 
r.nd   It     tr  i:., 
div'i,'  droj',    I 
wnid-;     "   1) 
fduiqit-  J:>i!:uu 
vitiliu  il:..r,     Ji 
The  d.-.\    tol!  ^.^ 

I.:'!    t.:- d..\,. 

Ore  ol  I' 
tl;'a%  .1  1,  ■ 
middK,  i'\  It 

»\  Itll  (!  .'i'  !',   \\  1 

*1'.m:I!.   ,:■  -Aw 
I  in  V   ■'  ■  \')\\\ 
i;i!^.      I!     e  ■ 
.-ii.'dl!.:      K- 
otl:a(l.:i!-,    , 
rolMili,  [Mvd  li 
\i["on  th-  i]iii,  is 
liT  il'.i-ir  fiiM  I 
In  fine  At  iii 
to  a  cxMitci!.  'I 

[Ti.-C,    will,  I,  i! 

I'  '.iiy  P'-i''iii 
(!  v.vi-  tl)  i:.-   i' 
a  :n.);i-  iir>lcr!v 
r-tjit.i.  liut,  1 
(oiiKiiiiU'^ex'' 
]ic;'.i.e   of  (j^ov  r 
lompcnt'irs    i 
tiii'-n  anioi. 
their  n  laii"ii 
triu;i\])hs   ot    • 
oar;  anti  rciiL,i. 
riHiile  is  about 
baik.  .KMin. 


KPROPF..] 


I       T       A      I.      Y. 


57'/ 


j!;ri:'t  viuicly  foi-t.ds  .ill". milled  in  it.  Iti  tlu'  even- 
in;;  it  i^  cK>\v\UiI  will)  :ill  l(jrt<  nt  |ikO|iie;  anil  :ii  fmi. 
we.iilni  nii'iilxis  pal'^  the  p,r(..ili'll  |i;irt  nt  ili;  nijiit 
tl'.ir,',  '!'■  '  n'liilis  anil  \\i.ilili\  |Ki)|ile  (iiniciinus  i)ic- 
li-i  iitik-  a]viitni  nt  '(it  iheir  irsn,  neaily  tilled  up,  hm 
uitluMit  ni  .;',nifiicn'.i',  wlitic  llicv  ni.v  le.civea  kw 
friends  in  .i  innrf  caly  m.inn.  r  than  i1r'\  loiild  do.it 
llieii' |),il,i.  cs.  Th'/feari'  tli'n"t  ililn^  sj  wlierr,  inllead 
oi  iii'iii}^;  Itonii-  I"  ;i  !or:n.d  |ii|ijicr,  .uui  iefuinini.>,  la  t Ids 
pl.ue  iif  g,  n.Tal  iflDvi,  tli.y  order  relrclhiiKMir.,  and 
annilc  tlKnili.U\>-  . itii  card^.  Thii  ihclc  cillniu-  may 
Iv  o.  c.Tlionalh  \\\  d  l')r  the  iiuipDlis  ui  nitiigiie  is  not 
iinprjli.ible  ;  1  ut  ih.u  this  is  th  ■  }»i'nc-r'.l  pin  pill- tor 
w!  I  li  they  an-  lu'  |iu  nied  ib  ceiiainly  lalli-, 

Tlu-rciire  no  kl'.  ihinll-vi"i  ili.nrcsai  V'niii";  one 
fir  the  Itrioiis  open,  two  tor  maiK  op,  la,  a;ul  tour 
phivdioiilis.  It  1 .  tlu' tulloni  lo  i'/j  nialk^d  ilurini;  ilie 
tarniva!,  in  a.itu'nn,  ami  at  the  ALinlini:  with  a 
m  itii,  .iiul  a  !dk  eloak,  a  man  is  then  Infiii  ienrlv  drellld 
toi  any  a'.kmhly  in  V'cnici-.  Milks  in  rhai.ut.r  aie 
ukdi'iily  ll.r.ior  I'ljurweJx-  i)clurc  L-nt. 

I'll.'  All  nd  is  on  an  ilhi'id,  a'i'oui  i!  r.  e  mi'c>  in 
conip.l:'.  I  Ii-r  ar^' docks  tor  die  '.',,dlirs  and  me:!  "I 
V.  11,  and  rrp  li'Mriis  lor  .-lil  (ins  o  ni  i  laiy  :.nd  r..ival 
floi'c  .  I  Ici"  .iliii  till  V  Inilld  diiir  men  oi  u'.u' under 
(ov.r;  ■  all  .aiuio:i  ;  iiiiki- ealik-,  fail-,  .uk  iiors,  .\e. 

I  ';e  ;irms  ai.-  air.inj>/d  ni  ilie  aim  iiic-,  .is  in  "tlier  ar- 
Irnals.  The  I'll,  finoro,  oi  llaie  i;all,y  ot  ihei-pnl)- 
lic,  r  lud  up  hi-ri.  It  ni  ver  j>,oe->  oiil  but  when  ii 
curie  di.' duLV  to  llu"  iTpouTalsoi  ih^- Adriatic.  Wl.cn 
t!ie  \\.  ..the;-  is  lavoiii.iM. ,  ii;e n-rcinony  of  tlu  elp  mlab 
i-.  perl. Mill  d  on  A  cenlion-dix .     The  lol-iiiniiy  is  a;i- 

II  iiiueJ  ill  the  111  iiiiii.',  by  ringiiii;  ot'  lirli  ,  .uid 
fin:!!'  'it  c.iiinon.  A  '"Ut  noon  tlu-  elo;.;e,  willi  t'.:. 
pi'pi's  nuncio  and  the  paiiiircli  on  i  uh  liilc  ol  him, 
.nti' iided  b\  a  iiuiiKrnus  p.uiv  >if  the  feiiale  and 
cler^\',  ;..)  s  I  n  I  oaid.  Tli.  \eliel  is  rowed  a  liitle 
way  inio  the  lea,  aeeoinpanied  b\  the  I'pk  ndid  yulii 
ot  tlie  torei.m  ainbaliador  ,  the  y^oiulolas  ot  the  \enc- 
ti.m  nobiiiti-,  and  an  iiure  !i!'lc  numi-erot  liiiall  ve|{(.ls 
o!  everv  kind,  ni.iny  ot  ihciii  eov  red  i\iih  i.tiuipie^ol 
fills  .ir  ii.  Ii  lb,'.!]'-,  wilh  ihe  u.•:ldolIcr^  in  lunipiuous  li- 
velier. A  baiiil  o'  miiiie  p.!  ;•'•,  uhile  th-  Hiic.ntoro, 
:'.nd  it  tr  i;.,  Il'i'vh.  luov.  io,\aub  t!i!'  Lid".  'I'lie 
ilo'e  drop,  1  iii'.'i,  int.)  the  lea,  pr-niin  iiij;  tii.-.e 
\\iiid-;    "   D\''!f.iil,!W!is   It'    marc  :i:  f::^i:um  i-.ri  pt'r- 


\  IlilU'.  1 1 


J,- 


nrmi."    1  1. 


I  lie."  retiirns  II.  the  i.inK-  iiau 


in- 


a-  lo.ni.aMv  Ihmi  mih 


V  ioelniiK  r. 


i\  loll   will''  ll  c   lair 


le.jns  .!! 


S.  Milk,  wh 


l.:d    I. 


(Ipe  o!   lie  It 'e  I  liniiiiluitie    <■'    Venice  is   its 


midi 


\  k-.  t 


lour, 


i;-  ,    WllC!'.    l!  '.Vi 

lO'.eicd  '.\  lib 


I.I 


.1  1   oni  Ii,  t.ie 
lot-,, -.lid 


a, 111  two 


|:eilin    lit  veu    i  "i.m 
:  bei  -  iii.n   lil  on  e.iih  lie 


(Jie  or  i-.\o 


.!   1.1 


g.i.el 


d  ll- 


ot  ;-ai 


( 


t    t  Mil 

.1'    I  ,on 


IK  .Mil    I  am  u: 
e^ei  \-  vvher. 


'  '.lers  (bind- 
-  at  \'e.i,co, 
as  ther--  aie 
hi 


rooult,  i'''''d  liiim  iiir.  i 


iiion  th-  uuii 


km  I 


I'T  ilieir  fidelity  .md  itl  u  Irm-i-f. 


11"  gi  mloiier^  are 

jnque  th.  in;,  ive-- 

s  ol  tlu  11  |-,.p.irte.  '^j  .uid  are  tlL  enied 


In  I 


ine  AC  11  In  r  tlu-'-  iii-ouentlv  clir.li.  n.'.eon,'  an^  ill  -r 


to  a  come! 


T!. 


pui  up 


ill! 


II' 


a  Poiij'n  lor  a 


pri/e,  will,  h  tluy  d  l|  I  iv  die  t;r.  iieil  ardour  t  )  obi.iin. 


If 


;iiy  peiinii  ot  .  on  e   u.- 


n  .1  lil. m, 'CI, 


ll 


low  ,ri\- 


<!  I:re  to 


Ilie   lonti 


■1. 


•ii-ient'.  aie  iii.i  ;e    lor 


a  mv.e  or.icr.v  i    ir 


tii  -   i  iv    1^  a.'.iu 


-ll   Willi  a 


r  ll  .t.i. 


Ho 


ill  partii  iil.ii  occ.il.o: 


;iaiul  {\  ga;  .1  is 


Ion  u  limes  exhibit'  d,  iindir  li.edi  eCiion,  and  at  the  ex- 
]-icnee  of  iT,oveinni(  nr.  On  iliele  \  ul  !i,.  oce.ilioii'  tlie 
lomietitors  av.- iho'.i  n  irom  '..uiili  i  thi-  tiril  reru- 
t  ill'  n  aiiioii.-  th.  L'l'iidoli.-is.     \\d 


11  die  ,'  ly   aiiive 
theii  n  lalfiis  eneouia  .etiieiii,    I  v  e.  Iuim,  io  mind  th' 


ditleient  lolnui'-.  The  freat  riinal,  upon  thcfc  occa- 
lions,  is  unered  with  b.u-;;.  s,  b,  at  ,  and  i^oiidolas;  ami 
on  eiuh  lid.- arc  |il,ucd  baiuN  of  miilie. 

()neol  the  prim  ipd  m.um'.ietones  ai  V.nicc  is  that 
o!  ol.il',,  on  the  ill.uid  of  Murano.  They  blow  I  im;e 
iiin-ior-,.ind  in.ikealjundaiue  of  irinkc  s  (ii.'argnritine) 
and  (louerstodeeor.ite  luilr.s.and  tor  nofeiiayMoadoia 
tliecliiinlie  .  'J'heN  exp'irl  little  now  but  t)  tiie  Levant. 

I'rinti.-i^  alii)  liiil  mak-j.-,  one  of  the  eiiicf  bram  lies  of 
trad.-,  few  luiMUiiesm-ik.'l),  It  r  velv.-isor  liik  llo.  k- 
in-  .  The  w.i\  brouj^hi  troni  Dalinatia,  Cireee-.',  anil 
all  the  I  .evant,  eniplov  ,ieveial  nianufaciories.  lewel- 
lerv  toim^  a  c, ..ilider.il)  e  bran.  Ii  of  f  irti:,;i  coinniefcc. 
Dniir-,  aic  inipori  d  from  t'le  L.v.mt.and  arceikvmetl 
-excellent :  ihc;'-  '1  lieriaea  i-  in  >,m  it  repuiation.  Tlieit 
maratquin,  or  .  h,  iry  w.itei,  and  ilieir  liiuoi-.;,  are  ta- 
nious.  Thoui;h  ih.y  haven  .tiiinj,  wiiliin  ih.-mi-lves, 
yei  noiity  i-  b.-ller  turnillied  w.tli  the  ne.-elliiries  and 
luMirie-  of  lifu  tiom  tji„-  I'.iduanan.!  I'-lelin. 

The  krriiiiry  ol  I'.idua  is  ; :;  luilc,  lung,  a;-;  bro.id, 
and  Meedui^  t'eilile. 

Tadiia,  the  ca|  ll 'I,  is  li'.i'ated  o-'  t.';  ■  H.enta,  ■;.\. 
mile.  e.i!l,it  Wnice,  and  hi-  many  JiurJis,  liolpitals, 
and  lonvenis  ;  but  the  dree'.s  are  nariow  and  din y. 
Ihe  univ  iliu,  wnh  the  pu'  lie  tUiouh,  niulciim,  fee. 
I,  one  .)f  bi  ■  ii'd  ob',---'.  ot  euiioi-.tv.  Th.'  ehemi^al 
l.ibo-,ator\ ,  wi.h  a  L-ll.tt'on  of  mineral-,  lia  lie.ii 
liieb,  e;i.,;.|ill,ed  i  y  the  prelent  pro-elf  .r  ot  ehemiftry. 
The  anatomical  the.iire  is  ^  uriouih  liued  up,  to  holtl'a 
mul'ilu-L'  of  t'pee-l.iiori  in  a  htllc  Kjmpai;.;  bui  it  is 
furill  .  nd  dark.  The  n.iik-iiii  of  natural  curMlities 
w.i-  irdle.ied  bv  ,\nioiii  '  \  ...hlnieii.  'i'hc  botanic 
^j,arden  is  .i  veiy  ;j,e<ud  one,  iiul  .irranijjd  a.cordins  to 
tlie  I'ylU-m  ot  Liuinefort,  Tie  etc  irvanveal  ^larilm, 
iniiiiuled  for  e xperniieni-.  in  hulbundry,  is  in  v/rv  tio  -d 
•ondiiion,  under  liie  wiie  .  f  an  active  n.uur.iiill.  I'a- 
diia  has  ;;lwa\s  had  men  oi  learnmgaiii.l  emineni  c.  Ir 
was  thebirdi  pla  e  o:  Livy  :  r.ir.-r  h.  w.  s  a  can  ni  of 
the  caltieeial  :  (lalif  o  he',  d  n.re  .  .lu.l  ii  |  ,iely  pof- 
lenid  Tar;ir.i. 

lluie  IS  a  cl  di  in.mut.ub'ry  In  t!r.-  eiiy  'or  home 
c  .n  11111}  ti  n.  Uui  tile  i;iv.ii  nnni'.er  i.-f  b.i;;;iis  wiih 
whuii  the  place  ksarnis  i-  a  i'.i.ing  ir.dicaii.'n'ilut  trade 
ai-.d  iii.iiiutaclines  arc  ii.ii  in  .i  Iliii'iiliin'T  e,  nJition. 

In  lue.nviron.-  ot  I'.idii.i  t'le  l-',u„ar.e.-.n  m.ur.tains 
will  atir.ict  the  ;;  (i  e  ot  t.e  naiiir.;!;;:  :  ihtv  are  ex- 
iiiiet  \okan.  s,  and  t'-..ll  o-  all  th  iir'du.-.ion-,  offiib- 
leiianeoiis  lir^s.  A 
I 


ei\  nil  .1.  ui; 
f  AI 


le  made  10  ti.e  liot  liaiiis  ot  iVI;..no,  !•  ,ur  or  live  mil 


uiy 


iioni  railii.T;   an 


r 


tr.iich  s  vil  .1  and  ni'jiiunient  at 


Av.,ll.l. 


el  eilv 


I'll  Ine 
O 


a  lar 


v^  1  the  liver  aie 
.1  die  e.Mtle  b 


n.  ,<  iii'Kije-, 


111  numlier. 


ihat  '.Nliu'.le.. 
c.dles  .uc   th; 


aid  oiit\ ,  atui  III.'  lio 
die  city  i-  t'lat  c.lievl  t' 
r.iees  are  lonietr.ii.  -  iii  i 


tin  'ly  liru- 
ot  wliicli 


dhe  I'. 


c.i 


llee 


1 1//..1 


.!• 


toriiiei  i\   kl  PI ,   in  .\: 


'I  •),  wiieic-  no.ie  a:; 
I'ie   lar.'.eir    t.iu.ir- 
re    'lie   aiiiiu-.l    ta; 
li  .AiKuniii.     The 


l.imde  w 
I 'lurch  oi 
th.-   t.imil' 


r  loriierlv  I  'i. 
St.  Mari.i'  An  : 
,   u  itii    t!i  ir  .u; 


'i.^t: 
1-   tiiu: 


n  ti  e 


■e  I'lme    ni  -le 
1.1   li'  -  I  'wn- 


ot 


.lie  ar 


■e    ll 


U.KS  ut    tiv,    I  , 


It.. I 


he  ;i  Ll    C'aiu'his  iiid  .-i-aiuliu-'  .\l.ucii-,  ihe 


hilkiriaii  Con 
uuviii^  the  ar^ 


Ne-, 


I'l 


n\-    tie   el 


d  V, 


fl 


re  are  ievna! 


tor 


ic  improv^ineiii  o    ir.iilie,    poh.c   c--.eici, 


1. 1;  lilt    ihcuie, 
I  pr,  lervii  .on. 
i        The  \ieeiitine  I-  rdt 


R.ini 


in  amiin.iiKalr; 


ore   IS  we'l  wateied,  f-rtii 


.iiih  ,  and  th-  Win.  i  adiu.i.ilil ' 


triuiii]ihs    ot    their   taiinhi 
If 


oar;  ami  rclij-'jun  lia.  iM  lliare  in  tlie  j.iep.ir.nioir .    I  he 


th-    w-oiii  n   I  relent    tie 
1 


\ 


,  ill'.-  .aiiii  ll, 


t  Ml   n,ount.ii:i 


'ill    ,1  lai'i.; 


about 


tour  mile' ,  alotiii  the  I'ae.ii 


bai  k 


Tl 


le  j.riiicb  are  tour,  iiuiked  by  ll.i 


of 


r.  mid.  n,  ci"iLa;n>  I'i 


nil  n.^.v-  nil 
iliin.'  I'ho 
d 


ar  -.1  !-^ 


II 


.'1 1' 


ee;i  ili"t\    .ri.l  l.'rtv  llioil- 


1:  IS  ll 


.e  pi  lee  ol 


lu. 


ae 


thi: 


KK-  woi,\--  ii; 


tins  eilebiaud  a..li.te.;i.  uaLc   l!,e   \\\:it. 


'ini.uiieiu  ol  die  citx . 


T-at;j 


Ii 


mm:i 


m 


'n 


VC5 


'IV.ui 


A  NKW,  ROYAI.  anp  AlTUrNTIC  "^-''STF.M  of  INIVRRSAI,  r.lT.GR  ArilY 

.  i>lvnuiivu  I-  uiif    t.l  ilu-  limn  Ip-cimeiv  ot 


nnHliiu  aiiliiui'iiii 


It   «  I',  bf  •nil  C.UlV   HI    I  ^ 


V(.rv  vt.\'  I    it  l'.ill.ulioili.- 
aitliitwi  liiinic'l:  liviil  \v:i- 


ly 


;SS.  ihc 


'I'iic  limitf  i'l  wl'itli  llii" 
nil  l>v  liiia,  aiul  15  no  kh 


nio< 


a"ii 


,1  (.n/i,  iliuu;.',I'(  i>r  111)  I  xtiMonliinry   cxt.nt,    li.i- 
i\\  ti\tv  tluirfiuN  .■■"•.Villi-,  .uul  l-ol'iiiiai  • 

\\  will  vilit  I'lc  I  ii.'iia  ik-  C'^ivuli,  tlicnii- 


A 


lie; 


n;Uur.ui 


IK 


iMiaro,  (he  I  lii'l  w.it'.T^  o 


S.  I'aii- 


cra/io  ili    Bul'iaiu: 


th.-    liill'  o(  Brctio,    and  tlic 

h 


;auv  t"  liic  nortli  n   ll  ■■•  rilv,  ia  whicli  r.rc  abun 


itaiKT  yt  lh■lls,lK•t^ctac(iol1^,  h^. 

In  tliv"  v>  luiiiic  m>iiimaiii>  iicar  Viccn/.a  a:\- 


cf  ll 
ot  an 

lioll'.s 


ILCVi 


loiiv.  tlV)!n  tiK- 


dl,  l> 


li/.-  ot  a  i'>a  v>  tl 


nocluU'- 
.haim-ter 


till,  uriiamciUcd  wiih  alnini.lancc<>t\liAr;iiingc>ni 

llOlll'.'  . 


ir.p, 


(  If.noa  i<  greatly  iK  f;cncrairil  frnm  it-  toim^  r  ('[''ni- 
nr      Tlic  (\ovcrnnKni   i"-  ariiiiKrati>a!,     Tlic  liiv'c, 


HI"  iluki',  I''  I 


lioltn  oiiU  loi  t\<..)  V' 


Th 


V' 


;)ovvci  i'  loilmd  in  tlif  -Meat  lounci 


ll.   Tl' 


.''.iiiiniilri- 
Tlv; 


,11U 


in  the  la\ 


I  u-v 


t'oium  mlv 


and  iliat  linhow  iImii  tiiiK-  li  i.  water  v.\  it,  ant 


tlicv  arc  then  lalUd  inliv; 
Tilde  Viieiiiini-  li 


are  i  al.ir.  on  ,  tiirnilliinii  fine 


red.  y.llow,  and    varicj^ain:  :\k. 
Ilia;;  led  bv  vi.      .'  vok  i 


1 


at 


:d  have  been 


tl  111  is  vell.d  in  a  dog  ,  and  a  iiropcr  '.oi 
doj^e  lias  the  title  ot  Serenitv  diiiiii;;   iiis  i  Hn' . 
jjivat  lOiincil  make  Luvs  anil  railc  nMncy  ;  :lic  'el' 
dare  war,  |irovlam.  I'vaie,  and  toim  ali.ai'.n-. 
'l"h'.'  Cuiioefe  Mritirics  are   v  o   niili'^  in 
bill  lio  not  excveil  2;  in  bnadtli.     Tluy  cxi.  i.i'. 
that    pan   .'t   the  Ma'';ciraneaii  call. d  i!ie   (iiii;.ii(,t 
I  are   dividid    into  two  diilrid-,  v./    the 


HI'- 


iiiat    )> 
(i.noi 


ant 


lOern  eoall  a:\d  the  welU  rn  eoal'r.     'i'lic 


I  1 
tain-. 


illv    f. 


(leiioa,  th"  .-apital,  v 
Mediterr.ncai       iV  it 
it  appeii    u.  gwM  ad 


al,  Nvhi,  ll  'l.'.iids  on  t! 


COl; 


con- 


ot     ll,- 


I  '.v:ati  ll  oil  a  1 


vaf.a{;i 


from  tl 


K-  le.l. 


ind  ll  iiiu'.e 


well  V. .itered, 
B; -rcia,  it 

til.'  lit  lie  rue; 


d  on  the  hnd  tide  b",  a  double  vv 


it    i-d 
The  N\ 


obierving,  Inii     ii  and  B.dbi  Streets  eonlilt  eatli  ol' a  d"iiMe  row  ot 


nia. 


111/. 


1    I' 


a  pUMl'int  plain   on  ;j  iiiii>eii'.  1 


thi 


If.rllreet   .ire  erookedaiul  1: 


oiis  and  drives 


but  ihe  liiburli  oi  San  I'l  tr.i  S  Aivr.i 


a  eoalider.il  I.  i;.i 
oti-.tr  eir'erv  v>.i;. 


.1  a'HT 


n.ib! 


buiiitiiH 


11 


ral 


(■  'ni.iin-i 


k-  lie:e  ill'o  lin.n  eloth.  '    eliiirthes,  tone  nt^  h.ilj'iiil  ,   f\e.  many  ot'whuh  a'c 


an  1  <; 


ea 


al  m   m:in\'  cth.r  ki;i 


ot  marble.      Tlr  i\i 


IMlaie  \vIk;c  the  lioiie 


liU-  lla 


.lid?,  on  .1 101  k,  an' I  e.);ii;ii.i 


>t'm.  uh.indizc.     The  :'  liiperbly  built 
ai-.d  .  the  whole  town;  ';|  rciidv'',  and  where  the  {;real  and  little  lOiincil,  audi 


aad  til,  alien 


d  I    ne'l  t''.!v;i;ilied  with  warlike  (lores 


Ih 


;!>■;  ot    Ikr 


:\yaU  11   1  .  Ill  ueiiei. 


barren, 


I'  e 
It-nl 


ki 


ii..rc'l;and  the  i:!ia'^i!a;ii-  :ire  lubiect  t' 
ii'd-  of  win-  in  li.e  th.ro. ..t  .1-  ilie  Savovarif 


two    eolLgcs 


of  tlu 


procii:  itnri   and  governaton 


I'emble,  j.  .1  latge  l\.i;ie  Iniildinn  in  the  ctiitie  oi 
lity:   it   ('■I'tain'-   fume  tine  pai;itin<.',s  in  IilIio,  two 


V  c  iiiiaiiv 


B. 


r:ani.i,  a  t.-rnlie 


il  t'Av: 


tl.it  I 


Df    A 


ndu  A  and    1  lin    Uotia  in  white 


ni:ii 


bh- 


!ieto.Hot  ||  and  an  arli  11. d  amply  iloiei'.    ( l|  ihecluirih.e- the  liiuii 


the  Alps  I 

Cre:r.a.  i;i  tli.  tenito'-v  01  C'-t:tMno,  w!  kh  is  t';  u.t-  \ 
fill  .i.i  i  ple:V- int.  I- li  iiat^d  on  i  i.e  .S.  ri",  llr  I't;,  haul-  j 
lo;ii..  tlic  tec  ui  a  1  liliop,  anil  tamed  t..'r  a  linvnma-  : 
luit.k'lo.-v.  I 

M;r':a  Trt\ 'gi  ma  i  I"'  lertil  a  diiii.:l  a^  t'  ha\e  j 
olitaKie  i  the  nair.e  'I  .1  coii;inii.''!  i!  udrn.  Tie'il  ',  ! 
tlieiapiial,  ;:.  ai.  aaeien;,  lln-ii/,  i;e.it,  but  popido  .-  | 
p'aie.  1 

I'.itnaiiel  I-rio'i  ;    the  nor:':er;i  varec  f.*  Iialv,  a'd 
t'elor,>:;5  partly  til  the  W  n.  Tim-,  .111  I  pirtlyiotl.i-  .Anl-  . 
tnaii  .     I'  '•-  \eiy  teitil''.  b;;!  il  •■•   :io:  euiit.i.n  at.v  re-  < 
luaik  ll  le  pla.  c  cxcep'  ! 

l'''ir,<>.  a  .oiilideiai'l  ■  c  ity  "tl  til"  viv.  r    r  c.r.'d   I  .a 
R' la.      It    huh  a    i.iir  i.ilHf,  w.tii    le'.er..!    landl'ri.e  : 
ehiir.  I  e;.  pdice-.  as-.d  .  >  nM-:ii- ;   '■  !■  1  =  a  cvl!ct-e  tor  ^ 
la.'.,  :i;idi'iaad    tr.  iir  •iiafiai  1  :;.;<    .   .  1 

Ii;:ii    '  .:  in.  iKd  ;  i:i;-i:.'ia  en  ti..   A    .lUi--,   I  cl.  i..;-  | 
inn.  part       to  ih     Viaetiin-.  '.nd   I'.'tlv  '••  t''C  A.:- 
trian  .      I;   i.  fi  ;:a-,  tir    '••li  hillv:  b'ii  ;iie  an  is    i:::- 
whol.  I  n.t. 

C.tpo  de  li':  1  ;>  a  ;'"  .-;  •■..'.:■,  on  an  r.'and  in  tl.e 
luilpli,  lo  IV  ■■:  •  milt;  ••  ;i5  !o  I--  •  iinc.l  ly  a 
bi.d;',.  .  It  i-:.i  I  Cut  .1  :  .ill  ip.  e  :;iji:.'  :K.i:iy  io:i- 
vef.t  .  and  ha- ..  ( 'itilid  i.i'iic  ' ;  ide  m  1   it. 

1 .11.  i.a  ib  111'  It  '■ini',  a~  '  •.;:i^  i!'.-  i  ipitil  ot  .1  little 
r 'put  he,  wlia  h,  ti.r  its  c-- tent,  1  the  i'  ia'.l  and  bell 
peopled  date  o'  Ii.r> .  Tiic  t  rrii^r'.  is  i'i:ty  m.I.-  i:i 
Iriigt;:,  .iiiel  fi.'!;-en  i:i  lai.al'ii,  c  'lit  iin:n.'  a!") ".it  .;  -' 
lijiiii'  niil.s.  .An  Mr  01  I ';e.;rtiili;eS  ;■.:'..!  j-:  :.",  .1]:- 
pe.ii  .inuii'.;  til.  p'.-':]i'r,  .iii'l  thui:  li  aiitv  iwil  r  mi- 
piu'.dto  the  ',;'iri.jil.  'I'lie  iii"ii:'t.'.in>  ,iie  i-'Vered 
wi,h  v.n  ,  'ihvr  ,  ilielna's  .'.nd  n.'i.'i.-riie  :  liicir 
o'.iv  ..;i  ;  ',il  .  ;.  I'l '.'/ar  (  t'  .  ;ii.  'J"o  .ed'  the  tea 
mil  h  taitle  1    'i  ..1  m  tue  mea'lo  ^    and   ir.  .lili''--.     .\'o 


lie  ihol'.  ot  tlie  Annimeiat'.oti,  Si.  M.uy  C'lii'  nan,  .Si. 
Oaminie,  .iiiil  Si.  M.^riha.  In  il.e  eathedrd  i-  a  diiii 
n.aile  ot  a  tiiip,!  ■  etiierald.  All  ilu-  inh.il'^.ani--  here 
exeept  the  pr;;Kip'a!  l.ielies,  who  aie  carried  in  ehaii-, 
w.dk  on  too:  "ii  a^eoiiin  ot'il.c  n.irr'iwiiet- or  tUapneW 
o!  ;he  llieet-.  Th'.'  tonti,  .itions  ol  tiie  eiiy  touaiib 
tlale.i  ..i>  It  laaikal'h  lb  iij^.  Theie  iieiwo  lliaduiie 
lii'^'.is  over  tlu  ii\.  r=  B  >n/cver.i  and  Bi' ..ii'o;  il.e 
ti;d  wiicreot  .val!..s  the  \.'ed,  iiid  ih.e  mh  r  thee. ill 
id.e  ol  tlic  ii'\.  waliin  which  ihcre  i-  allii  ;i  In;  [nn'.r, ; 
lio:,.  brid[;e.  toming  fanh;!!-.  The  Imlioiir.  r.i'in  a 
large,  IS  tar  iiom  bi  ini;  late;  but  no  ca;e  or  i.xpe'ice 
h.ive  bec;i  Ipaied  to  u  nd  r  it  .is  l.ile  aiiil  lomii.odi.ni, 
as  pollible.  I  )n  .'  <".  k.on  th  ■  well  tide  ol  the  ll  irb  ua  , 
I  the  taii.ii.  "r  Ijjitdio'ile.  The  trade  ot'  (ieii 'a  1. 
di..  ll  m  vc'-.  ,is  d.ri'i.ilk'^,  philli  :.nd  ot!;er  liiks,  I'm- 
I.  ai.-,  1..'.,  •^:oVc^.  I'M  ■■ini  .It-,  tioii-,01',  aii'ho-.ies 
audi  ir.edKin.d  dm  s  trmt  the  L.\.ril  ;  b'at  the  '  i.i- 
iiels  ot  the  harlvair,  and  the  pii.  e  ol  loiiimodiiie-, 
i^iea'.h  click  it  e'linni'.ie'. 
'I'he  '.vell.rn  co.il!  '  0!U.ii"- 

Si^>>:.a,  a  lir^'i- t'i'.Vii,  wiili  a  I'.e  •n-';,  cit-u'el,  and  .a 
h..i;'Oi.;  t  ip.ible  e!  reicivir.'j;  lai_M-  ilii[s,  hut  paaly 
ch'il'i<e'.l  !.•'. 

St.   Rii;.  ',  a  imall  town,  wiih  a  ;.:o>  d   haiboiir,    17 

iiiiU-  eal'.  "I  Sue.      Mr.  Ad.lilon  lay-,  h.    I'.ov  teVMil 

pc;(   n-  ii.a.  .   ih.it,  in  the  midllot'  Deeetli   cv,   li.id  iv- 

thiii'.'  o.   1  ;■  .  0  Ilioalder-  but  th  ;r  t'.:;  :-,  widr  ut  com- 

p  •..'.ill  ■,     ;  'h.r  '  'lid. 

\       !'.'...(■  n  t''e  (jeuoelc  territ.;i..  .ml  theiouniyof 

I   Ni.e.    the  Imall  pimcipahtv  .  I  \I"Uie.i,  '.heiethv  In:. 

j  duke    ol  V"rk  d'.'d.      The  "iile  I'laee  W'  ilh  menu  •;!- 

:   liii;  III  tl;'.  pa:'.ti['ali'V  i-.  ih.il  wh.eh  ■^;se^  n.ime    to  ■!, 

I       .Monaco,  a  I'tiiad  town,  cut  ii;ii:.u  ..bout   eii;ht  •  1 
hiiudied    foul-,   belidi 


.  a  Viiv 


Lei/par..'!  1  i:    p. ..pi    :i;-efi   I' •  I';.:;  m  th':--  ivp'.ibli.  ;  'I  nire    hiiudied    foul-,  belidi      1!  e  ;;.ir  ilon,  b'Uill    .na 

no:-'!i..-.    i  ;   I.  \    :<■    i-^rp-.d   ill  ir    m.iMi:-.      'Ihe  '|  i".l.,   wh;  h   pro;e.:^  into  th.e  f.  a,  ..nd.  m.ikm;. 

haliit  of  e'.  icii";i>    1     1 '.i' :.  ;   a:. I    the    f  i   nt  .I'lti'  re  v-.  '  1    :n:i;.;ii   .ippeMi.iai  e. 

thv  only  p'.-'i.i;.  w': '1   v.ee-  lu  .     '1  h' le  .ire  an  till    ,  ' 

aii.l  n  ibody  we  lis  ,1  lv,'..|',l.  \\       'Jim-.i'-y  i- i  T'Compalled  i>y  ili.ii  par;  .-1  the  M    .;- 

Ti.ec.ipaal  cil\  his    ;e  i:!.-;i  ^.'ood  I';''-.!',  01    li.iiid-  jl  r;n.mci:i  i  .11  ■.!  the  TuU;inSea,   Moi!':ia,  lai  .a.  ,.;.il 

I'ome  bu:ldinfi'-.   Rniml  t!  c  i.mip  u:    1     i  ple:iiuii[ '.'..dk  b  the  I'op  d,  .u,.      Ii    1    1  1  f;  mile-,  loii^,   .S  ;   bnu.l,   v.c! 

or  diive,  ot  ihii  e  i:,i!e     1:1  extent ,  .u.d  h.ie  the  i 'iiii-  !  w;          ' 

pany  allemble  ;i!ier  diiin.r,  i,r  ni  the  e\eiiiii(T,     The  ,1  ot 


w:iteied,   mounl.llii'iu'.    in    toiiie    P.llt-,    but   t'.'ilil 


thmate  : .  tern 


pc 


:raie 


and  liie  i.'.uiitrv  r.juiid  deh'dit- 


hei  .     The  i^re.it  duke  is  an  alt'. lute  prinee 


l.C 


i)  o.'d 


er  o 


kiii 


ithuod  i-  that  ol  .St.  S'.ej'lien,   iiuli- 


lij'.ei 


'4 

I 


r.i'RoPr.] 

tilted  in  I  ^:.! 
ti.elal;-.'  f 
a  Ridden  b'lu 

"I'l'iien  e. 
(oiiili  from  \ 
ten  lie  dtllrn.". 
Ariio.  Th.' 
and  C'un  cut  , 
niri'ov.  '11 
r'  h  "i'l  0''  01 
nnci  tit  ..'.  '  11 
the  ni'ai  di'K 

.  ii.'(-:t.   ;i 

Ihe  Ti.lean  la 
a  lieuliuie,  , 
ii.id.,  I  did'.' 
the  iaa.:,i;y, 
ti'ver  I'll.,'-.. 
'    .o.v  ihe  il  ! 
i'l'ik  up  -u  il 
ll  i!''i.:i     11  I 
ll  :h;in  luae  \ 
filial  :'ik1  dit.' 
(ouii  .  ;ns,   li> 
li.ilue  .       .Ml 
and  Ir  me  ih 
lri-p;:li'.d  mil 

ailit  III',  ie  Wu 
ai-ehilect-  lal 
itriuiiiic:,  the 
or  C'lKie,  is 
nobie  iriiii'iii 
vv  iiili  ,1  tr..\e- 
Well  tui.iilhei 

in  ia,iii':i    "i'dc 
rditiee.   tie 
and  eiiiii  li'/d 
Iciilpiure;  .i", 
a   deli'I'lliil 
iK'inaii.  a    . 
viiei  .  or  I ',  ■■ 
thill  Is  iliemi, 
\vi  It'll   is    1;.. 
col   III  >,  .'.ml 
I'll.  '  "1  tl: 
bv  di     i'l.i-ei 
lie  h.i.d.       I 
I ;  •  1 1 ,  i  li  \   i  -■ 
cl:ar'.;e  is  m  i 
duK  's  ;j,'.'i;e- 
■|  li' .  I  n\  i^ 
Si.  St   pi. en. 
li'.di.l,    a  1.1 

O-  r\    .-lleiit 

.;!.,. l;..l  :  t 
S.ni  ';  ..I'l  1 
I  iia.iti  'll  i 
tiuiii  ihc  I  |) 
I  ;  lee-   iru 

a   eal':!,-,   : 
lidcralHe  1 
ot  them  ol  11' 
f.'ll-  into  ilu 
contains  a  gri 
water  wo;  k- 
Vvord.;   l/ir 
"  j.lov  th-  e 
"  iiti-." 

I..-  :"l: 
I:  ^   il  ll.       1 
b.illioii  ,  and 

i      10    O   ih    il. 

th'  j.',e:ur.l  I' 
niciu  e  '  t  I  ..n 
and  loiniiip,  1 
thus  conveye 
elm  f  llicet  \. 
ibllli-,  but  111 

No.  >: 


or.RArnv. 

;c  i>t  i.li.uii)ingi;iHiir.ry 


.1  frnm  it^  t'lirnu  r  r[''cii' 
(ivrati.^!.  'I'kr  ilo;_'c, 
V"  .-.r' .  Tht;  I'.j.iditiv.- 
incil.  Till  r.'.'.miiKilr.t- 
.  pi'iiier  '.omu  ,1.  'V\v: 
uiiii;;;  111-.  1  till'.,  'l'!;: 
Ic  nivincy  ;  '.lu-Icl'  :i'c- 

I  torm  ;ilii.ii;.v;, 

r  O  links  111  •  >  '!\ 
li.  Tluy  c\i.  111'.  W'^:, 
III  cal'.il  i!ic   (iul;.ii  i;i 

two  lllllliJ'-,  v',/'  (Ix 
):ilh     'I'lic  Idii;"  ,  con- 

Ulkh  iMI  lil.'  Co:.  '   (if    ll.; 

■  I  '.mti  a  on  .i  i!iclivi:\, 
Voin  tlu'  Ic.i.  ii  is  ,|.  . 
Inllblf  will.  'J'Ik'  Ni-.v 
il  a  cl"iiMc  row  olni.ij,- 
(.-t  -iri;  irook.nl  aiul  n.i;. 
'i.tr.i  >i'  Aivr.A  (■  ini.iuii 
■re     \w    d'. cmI    p.iLucs, 

fsc.  ir.iny  ci  whuli  vc 
:  p.ihuc  wIkic  tlic  ilom: 
H.1  little  iouncil,  aiici  i'.\- 
I'l'i  ail' I  giniriiatori  al- 
iii  in  the  ctiitic  ol  ilic 
■laintinos  in  IkIh),  two 
Dona  in  white  marhl';, 
Ml  ll'i-cluilil'.i-  the  tinell 

Si.   M.iry  C'.ur,ii,\n,  Si. 

II  ilie  cathfili  >'  i-  a  tlilli 
ill  the  inh.il'..ants  hciv 
ho  ate  canitil  in  than-, 
c  n.iriiiwtKis  or  ilei  putls 
ii)iis  ut'ti'c  lity    tiiwaiiN 

'I'll -ie  lie  iwii  tli^e  llune 
cvera  and  I5i'  ■■,'.'.'<.>;  ihc 
,    ii-.d  the   (itli  r   the  c.ill 

iliere  i-  all'o  .i  liKpiil'.n; 

■.       T!.C  luil.Olll,  l'.")li,;li 

inn   no  caif  or  i  .\peneo 
as  laic  aiut  loinn.iKinui. 

■  '.\etl  fiJt  ol  the  11  uh  Hil, 
The  trade  ot'  (leu  la  is 
lulli  :.r,ii  otlitr  lilk>;,  hio- 
.is,  ti  ml-,  Ol',  ail'  ho'.  ies, 
e  L  .  v.rit  ;  I'lit  the  '  \.i- 
e   I'll,  e  ot    uuiiuiodlti..-^, 


!i  a  lir  .r-f  citadel,  and  .1 
;   lai__'.-    ilups,  hut   p.v.ily 

i\ilh  a  L'O.  d  !i;il!'Ou:,  i  7 
■  lilon  lay-,  li.'  law  U-v.r.il 
lllot'  Deeelli  ev,  hail  IV  >- 
th-.  11'  i'ii!  ;-,  witlr  lit  com- 

I!.  ■.  I,  .  .ir.  I  te-  i  niiniy  of 

.  t  M'uiiLO.  ..hea'thi  Lite 

'ill',  ['iaec  w  il'i  nuilli ..'ii- 

\v!i.(.h  '^.se:  name   i-j  .;, 

..Ill  ii::ii.;;  ..!)out   cii;,lit  ■  1 

tie  ;.v"'iion,   I'.iliit    ■n  a 

.e  r.  a,  aiid  ru.ikiii'i  a  wiy 


i>y  tli.ii  par;  "I  ilu:  M    :;- 
-ea,  Mod.tia,  [ai  '  a.  ..:.d 

lies  U.'U^,  .S  J  I'lolJ.,  v.td 
jiiie  [Mils  lilt  lei  ill  i:i 
ail  al'i'.lute  prinee.  1  i  c 
that  ulSi.  Stephen,  nn'.i- 
I'J'.ei* 


ri'ROPF.] 


1 


/V      f,      V. 


001 


tilled  in  J ;  -  (•  T'''  ''"^''-' ''  'ilw-iys  ti'--"  iv.,u1i.T;  ami 
the  I  a  !:■.•  1  the  oid  r  ih  an  oe<an;.',ul  tr  ivd  eiol-,  witli 
a  L'l'ilder,  ti  iicttr  worn  ( t\  the  hiealL. 

"I'loreii  e,  on  the  Arn  ,  the  cajiital,  is  2')  miles 
((•viiih  tioni  \'.niee.  It  ■:;ives  name  lo  a  populous  and 
tcriilt  d:lln.:.  ller.-  are  t' air  lluiie  bridges  over  the 
Amo.  Th-'  lur'rber  ol  ili'ii.  he.,  j  alaces,  h'.l'pnals, 
and  com  ent  ,  .ir.'  f^rcat,  but  the  liitets  aie  crooked  inil 
narro  < .  'I'he  oh!  and  iicv  do  .d  pakice  ton.aiti 
r'  h  'I'l  i'  oriS  1.1  t;..:ur.ii  a.i'.l  :iilili..i.d  ciiriolities,  Iwtii 
nnci  :',t  ..'.  '  mo.lei'i.  'I'h-  clifpeUoi  tiie  iiUenneiU  ol 
the  !;i'ai  ih'KC-,  m  th.  >.iii,  di  ot  .St.  Lo\en/.o,  is  inag- 
'■  li.r'if.  Il-ie  I-  ...I  ac.'.d  in\  tor  the  iniprovciiv.nt  of 
the  Tul'ean  laii^ti,'};.-,  cdle  '  IXil.'.  Craica,  anoihert'-r 
a  rieiiliiiie,  and  an.  tiier  or  lidii)^',.  'I'lie  ptineipal 
trail.,  I  elides  wii.i,  oil,  liuit  ,  .in; I  other  produce  ot 
the  Col,:  I.V,  II"  lill  in  .Mou-lu  luks,  and  (;old  and 
liiver  I'li.i'-.  I  h  nubility  and  gtiiiry  do  not  think  it 
'  .(v.v  ilie.n  to  ir,u!e:  though,  ai  the  llime  time,  ili.y 
I'l'ik  I!!.  'U  it  a.  .1  great  dnpar.igcmeni  t  >  edu'  ate  ilicir 
il.il.:i,;i  II  111  ■  piotellioii  ol  pliyli  .  'I'liey  uriu-  ilie 
li  liaii  licre  very  w  11  ;  I'lH  tlieir  pronuiiei.ition  n  t;,ul- 
(ur.il  :iih1  ddajirecable.  Moivnce  i  adorned  v.iili  ;cveu 
(oun.ins,  li.\  eohiiiiii.,  tv.o  [lyiair.'.d  ,  .iivl  aijoiit  ico 
li.itiie-.  Mol!  ot  she  l.oietitiik.  :.:e  lln/it-llglile.l, 
iind  !r  net  the  lUivnti.ii  C'lec'ii,  or  Bind  Fm  lentines, 
ha-  p:.li'.d  inio  a  ;  r- .verbid  |eil.  As  t!i  'I'Lilcin  or.ler, 
aii'l  im'.i'-  w.'il..  o  \e  th  .r  oiip^in  to  ihi.  coiiir.ry,  the 
architect-  take  tare  to  jjjve  tluii  apkuein  all  t!ie 
itriKinrcs  thev  tear  in  this  duehy.  'I'he  vjcM  pia/./.a, 
orCniae,  is  very  iiacioiis  and  mn;!,niticeiu,  with  a 
noble  iruiraiii  in  ihe  midil  of  it.  'I'he  arlcnal  is  w^ll 
w  )rlli  .1  tr.,ve':ei's  i.otice,  beinfta  ihitely  biiihling;,  ami 
well  tin.iilhed  wnh  all  loi,  of  weapon-  ol  war,  kept 
in  <?"o-,i  Midcr.  Tiie  c.it!Kdr.il  is  a  ver\  m;igiiillLvnt 
cdilice,  ll-.e  wh.'le  oiulide  being  of  polillietl  nurble. 
and  eiinch'.-d  wu'i  i!,e  moll  ex^iuilite  arcliitecture  and 
fculpiure;  a'ui  !rom  t lie  lull,  over  the  cuiw'i,  you  have 
a  deli'l't'.ul  prol'pect  of  all  the  cliuiches,  palaces, 
nionai't-i  -,  fee.  within  the  walli,  and  01  near  2Co.-) 
vil'a  .  or  loiiicrv  feats,  wiilimit.  1  l.nd  bv  the  ciuirc'.i 
flan. Is  ihemiiclnelebrat.dC.iiiipatiilcorlquarelheple, 
wiiicli  is  il.e)  te.  t  lii;.},li,  :;11  ol' lUK  marble,  ofleveral 
col   in  -,  .:iid  eiai  uiily  '.Mui'.d  t. 

I'll.  .:'!  the  A.iK>,'t,.ii-eilv  ar.j'ubli,  ,  was  ful'dii.  ,1 
bv  di  i'l.vfiuiiies  I'l  1..0 ',  li;iC'- wi'i'-l;  ii  lia  grc.itly 
(le  It...  !.  Tile  lieuf  s , aid  llreets  .ire  haiidlomc.  'lie 
ii:ii,i!li\  i-  in  ,1  li'.'iii'hing  coiuhiion,  and  the  t.v- 
thanij,e  IS  m '.nnuiciiit,  l)iit  liiile  Ir.  i|ueiilcd.  'I'll  gi .  at 
diik  's  g'.hies  aie  i  .11  i.  .111  i  loinm.'nly  It  itioned,  i;,'iv. 
'I  h  .  >  ii\  is  al  o  th.-  I  .iiKipal  lelidence  ot  ihe  o'der  ,.1 
Si.  St  pi.en.  an.  i  I'l  I  e  of  an  arel.bilho;'.  J  '1  1  a- 
th".!i,il,   a  l.ii.,',e  <  ioi  I  u  pie,  i  o.iiains  a  gie.'.i  iiiinii  cr 


Col'nio  and  his  two  Tons  foriiiied  the  cin',  drained  the 
maiihes,  clla.Jlilhe.i  the  iieedom  of  the  port,  and  finn- 
ed two  ni  'll  commodious  haiboiiri,  whi.li,  however, 
have  not  d  pth  ol  \v,  tcr  hiifi  icnt  fiir  incii  ot  war. 
'I'lieiei  notliini;loi-e!'een  IkIu!'-  liiel'e,  v.iih  the  mole, 
lay.  ii\tto,  cor.".!  maninaciory.  and  Itatueot  lerdiiiind  I. 
with  the  f.air  llaves  ili.iined  \n  the  |  Icfhil:  the  tirll 
by  (iiovaniii  de'l'Op-.ra,  il-.o  lliv.  s  by  I'letio  T.icca 
Carr.irelc. 

The  inhabitants  are  ah  la  4;,o.-o,  or'  ,eiiich  at  lend 
I  ;,ico  are  Jew  ,  who  have  cngroif.d  th.  ral  ni:inii- 
l.ictory,  have  a  ionli(.lerable  tKule,  ai'd  )  -\. .  tiiechi.-f 
rivhes  o!  the  pkue. 

Si.  nna,  a  large  .meieiif  city,  _;')  mile..  ■'.huIi  of  ]-'lo- 
reiite,  has  at.  rtile  pi.  .ilani  terriiorv  o:  ur '1;  iniie.s 
liiuare.  The  city  is  clean,  ne.it  and  heain.y,  but  not 
popul  )Us.  'J'lie  i.ihabitanis  ate  polite,  and  1  peak  the 
Iiahan  language  in  its  hinioll  piiiity.  The  lathedral 
1  ■  a  v.ry  maoiiiticenl  (.othic  pile.  Fionting  the  ca- 
the^llal  is  a  Ip.i  lou  aniiweli-eealowed  hofpital,  i'ound- 
eil  by  a  Ihoe-i'i.ik.  r,  whoij  ini^rr.il  in  the  ch.irch, 
and,  .i>  a  rew..id  fir  hi  1.1  craliiy,  hath  been  >  anoni '.ed. 
Over  the  i'Latiie  creeled  t'>  his  mciiiorv  i  il;i,  .--jipo'lte 
infeription,  iMdir  tilirn  cicpidcm;  i.e.  '-'lielhoe- 
m.iker  vv^iit  bcond  l.if  I. all." 


':       (     ■ 


SF.  C'llON      III. 

ttioi-.s  rci'p:,iin_^    il'C    P^rj'n.:,    Genius, 
',  l.d'^'^iin^e,  Cifi.   -f  the  llaliiMis. 


V  is'';    tik.n  I  ec.ifum   to  liel'cribc    the   rnan- 

■   i,  .ulh'ins  &e.  ot   the   inh..bilants   of  ihi^ 

ii'iUH  .e  ii.cy  relpcetivtlv  occurred,  in  the  courfe  of 

we  have  only  to  .I'Jd  the  foil  )win.'  gene- 


H 


,1; 


lee.t 


ciin.u;  -n    1  ■ 


paintings,  .vaA  other  cnir  hti 
tb.    cii  v  iiiii'i  i  I'j  .'roU'u!,  cail.u 


N' 


u-  t :  e 


11  C  ■.miv' 


■am 111';  \o.\  .r; 


that  ihe  i.im.  11 
h  is  ii)  gr-ai,  I  hat  a  plum! 


tioiii  Ihe  1.  p     111  lie- the  ;'io-.ind  at  the  il  It.i.'e..  otiuai 


ll. 


1;  le 

a   ea 


'tt'jai. 


file 


lo:t, 


iitAi'.e 
id   ha 


1.     T: 


i;\  lia.  .1  111-:. a,  v.  ,i| 


lldcianie  I-..  :ldtli 

ot  ihem  ot  maiii'e.      'I'w.)  le;i;uies 


e    Ai 
tirid; 


1     ot    coll 
is  ovei  II,  en 


nv   t:K-    uiun   it 


lall- 


lllto  the 


I    .1. 


Ti 


plr.  1 


11   ii.uileli  1-  VI 


ly  tpa'- 


.iiitains  a  great  nirliinrol  plants,  ansl  i    d.  uiiatcd  \Mth 


water  wo; 


Om 


r  hadiiiil  into   it  are  ilieU 


Hi, 


\tren>  ( 


I'r 


I.  e, 


!• 


m- 


plov  th.:  f-, es  I 


L  .-c 


.1  .\;- 


Ut  Il.it  tlle.li.illels    o!    bll.i 


I-  o'i'v  lo'.iitcen  miles 
la 


bom 


I'il'i 


ball 


th- 


.1  Ir.'.     p  i.t,   toiimc.l  o;i  ll..    Ian.:   lule  wiiii 


ion  ,  and  -.^  1. 
0   O  iie  n.     1 


,  lilhii  with  w.  t.r:  the  '.T:'.rril   n 


n    1  iwii  IS 


boll!  two  mi'e    in  ciiciia 


and  loiiiiii;'  He  /\rii'>, 


tin 


IS  convevei 


cct  ver\ 


I.   P 


hi.fllr 


fqu.ire:   p:irt  ot    11  h.i-  tlie  com  e  • 

e  oi'whicii  is    live  mil.s  in  kn/.ih, 

nil  rehandife  aiui  p:iil.  iig.is  aie 

.;a.     The  nr>.eis  arc  iii.li;',iif ;   tlu- 

d  :  thelijuaies  Iji.uioiis  an. I  li;iad- 


lome 


Hit  not  regular 


th 


e  i.',rc 


at  church  magniliceiu. 


■      '    lllV   llOIl 

'-    a.uks. 

'liie  ltali:uisare  iifiKi'ly  \\\\\  jsrop  irtioned,  a'lil  have 
i:.prenivec  uiiti  nance-.  Asioeheh,  they  tii.'low  th," 
laliii'ins  ol  the  coiintiies  on  whuh  tlicv  b'jrder,  or  to 
whi'  h  til  -\  an  Uiiijeet,  n.iineb ,  llinfeot  l-'ranee,  Spain, 
,i;u!  (  1,  ;-ii  III'. .  W  itii  r>  Ip.ei  t )  tlieir  genius  and  t, die  in 
ar.  I'iteeture,  painting,  c.irving,  and  iiuilic,  they  excel 
moll  oher  nai!"Us  ot  Kiiro[)e.  'i'liey  are  afl'able, 
.'aiileoL.i,  ing.iii'iiis,  lober,  and  rcdv  willeil;  but 
i,a'i>u-,  x.iulietiv-,  ci-remo. lions,  a:ui  lupcriiitioii?. 
Ill  then  l.mjiis  I  he  li.ili.iM- IC'-m  m  be.igo.id  rriidiuiii 
iieineeii  i!ie  1-r  nch  .md  Span;;ird5 ;  neither  li)  gay  and 
volatile  .1- the  one,  nor  lo  gr.ivc  and  f.lemii  .is  the 
oi!:er.  Tic  v  omen  a'iniire\ello-,v  l.air,  as  the  R-uiiaii 
l.idi.'  aiul  courie/ans  tornierly  did.  They  alio  life 
paint  and  w..i!ies,  both  for  their  h:mds  and  t.'.ees.  Tlie 
d.iv  h',  re  ih  rcekoiK-'d  tiom  lun-lei  10  fun-fet,  as  tlie 
A''  cni:';i    ilid  ol  old. 

'i'he  ll  '.li:!!!  i.!i'gii:-.g-'  IS  comipicd  L,;uin  ;  bii:.  lip.ce 
I'le    rcviv:il  '  t  ,u  t-  IP  It'.b',    II  luilh   i:.  e;i  lo  much    'e- 


li.'.t  it  I-  ii'iA  decnei 


d  eh 


inireli 

C.tllO; 


link.. 


'I'uf. 


The  R 


'1.  11    line  ni.do-',ii:  lies. 


re  clhciiv  w  ir.c,   01 


pertiimt  ,  I.  .:it-,  .\n 


l;avei:e:s 
'Ji  .till.'.  I  lelu.e- 


-:d  !a 


Iiiins  ol  iiueiu  y  m  ll.i!y.  i.i 
ilie-.  .i:ita-i,.liv--,  nlleS,  {x... 


1  lilk- 
l-ur 


SECTldX     IV 


JT  1  S  T  O   R  Y 


1   1    A  L  Y, 


A 


('C'C'>Rl)IX(i  to  the  ac--ounts  of  moll   liillorian- 
liib    w.is   nil    p  oplei'  tV'im  Cireece.      In   thol'c 


es,  wlien  ihc  K  'm.i;i    In 


ll 


itoti'.S,  Ilk'.-   Ill 


m  U)  c.\te  111  til.  ir 


olhir  ei-iii:;iies   It    was   iiaieeile. 


■Ill  i;i!o  .1  .',real  minn'cr  o    I'liidl  il.it' «,  \'.  h.) 
V.idii.illy  I'ubdued  by  the  Roman-.    O.i  ihedi 
il  tiic  Rom:.n  .nipue.  tit  1-Fins,  (, 
luli,  and  olher  noiliiern  nuions,  jii. 


,-,  v., lid  lb.  lle- 
'tt  le  Alp  ,    :llid 

;■  I.!'  in  e.uiie  t'le 


r,-i/.e<l  on  the  gre.ueH  part  of  it.     Ali 

d  er-.i-.l  a  kingi 
.•liici 


ll  -,  or 


1 


m  111 


ihe    iiorilurn    p.irl 


It.    wliicli    wi-   o\ei 


tiiini 


Charlcm  igne,  wlio  founded  a  ncv  aniiire  in  the  welt 


Th' 


jm,-." 


:il    I 


'JM 


»,l! 


m 


.i ' 


A  NMW,  ROY.M.  anp   AriHr.NriC  S\sri':M  or    IN'IV  I  ll'^AL  flV.OfiRAl'I  lY, 


iiie  hlc^  Hits  oi  Cluilcm.iniH*  tl.iiiitf(l,  ami  tw 
lunu-  tunc  |)'li'  tlt<l.  'h.-  I  i-.t-iii^nty  ■  t  li.ilyi  Im  iluir 
civil  ivar^  ,it    Imiii;c  i-hh  ^nvv-  aa  iH'paiiiiintv  i«i  ili  ir 

I'urili'tc  Oiv  iDVofijv"^ 
i!ic\  pr.li  !c(l 


Lino'«uiii  r  !•'  .iliii'iir  '  r 


ol  iIk'  livtr.i 
Sjvov  .ini 


V    i)VlT  Wl 


(OUllts 


,t  Ml 


II,  II  time,  t.  II  to  ilic  lot  fl  till- 
iif,  till'  at.  iilors  111  lis  piL'iiiit 
S.»rilini.in  maiLlh,  wlVflailui  I'luiinckin^ol  ^aulniu 
In  Mitiic  "t  ill.  ii>iaJr.  ,v    .iHiiiii. , 


.l.il 


Tin-  Mil  nil  If  wini 


tliii'iivJi  r..-v  Mai  liamis;  I  ni  vva^ 


prc:it  imtiomf  the  a-t  ,)  i!ic  tit',.- o.  i;  lal  ilnkoul'Tur- 
t.lHV,  111  1  ', 7?,    lilii'll   idi.tmiinl    L'l  lll^    f    r.ilv  i  i  i|i; 


.1  atli  ..Id. Ill 


M< 


11   177.  «lu)  l.tt   II  .  ill 


'I'lic  j;rcai  ilui  in    was   then  >  1  i.r.ikl  Uv    tl" 
Ci.a  lis  VI.  ,is  ;i  fi' I  III    i\x  cnp.r.,   anil 


U)ii-in-l  iw  ihc  (luxe  0 


»  I, 


iM'pc  or 

tl    III  IliS 


■naiii,  ami  hi  ■   cmn,.' 


hi 


liiu  ot   t!if  iluiliy  ot    l-.oiriin,   ulii.li  ^\^^^ 
IrUiti'  by  iri.ity.     l^miml  I  his  Iciuiil  I'li,  I'mlicr  i^i 
1'  '•  prclitii  tniiicrdr,  i^  now  ir.iiul  tlu 
,  alluiMC)  .1  11. \v  t.iic.     Li.<'hriii  wlikli 


.1  1 


nil  .w 


li-l. 


M  i:^  i.i 


III, 


at  hiintli  pi.tfidal  by  ilii-  v  inpu-r  Cli  rlc*  V,  ab.  ut  ili.-       laiin  s  m,  a  rnMi  tr.nlj;  aii.l  I 


viar  I 


wli )  ua\c  1 


t  U)  lis  lo-i    ri.ilij>  II.   km;.',  ct 


t  uniaiiii'i 


1  v.itli  t';.t 


ii\w»   till    tlif    lll'll^U 


wtie  ilriveii  I'ut  i" 


1  lialy,  bv  il-..  l.iij.'.-nalil^,  in  17c' 


Tlitli'  w>r>,-  ihlpoiritud  ol  It  in  ra.!;  '^'"i  I'V  ili 
pi-ror'^  ivili'uoi  N,i}>l.^  aikl  >u  ilv  t»  ihi- pr  I.  ut  kiiip 


wt  ^p.^.n,  It  ritutiia 


I    to    ll 


II 


£' 


iviriiii  It  bs  a  vi.  itov 


Tl 


e  Uiichv 


ol  M 


L-  <)!  An;  11.1,  « iio 


ui'i:.\\vas   I  >i -iv.  ilv  unv.ni.il    liy 


the  t. 


inilv  ot  CijnzagT,  wiui 


t^rritorv  was  toil  iii 


a. 


,is  a  iK-i 


.irii.j- 
.111 


t  '  Iram.c,   lli. 
iniiiiif,  to  tlif 


tvcrai   ihipi  11:  \\ 


li^ii-tablc  tortcaie  now  tlali.ncil  on  tic  'I'laiaii  i.  ■.lU. 


to  prevent  tnc  i.tL'|i:ii.l.ition  .ol  tin.- 


l.au|. 


b 


w  luir  uiis  luvi-  uiiii('r,.i)nc  crcatr  vi.  iri;i. 


,1 


01 


UOMTiinKiit  r.  .Ill  Naplfs  orSitilv,  ■  Intlly  o>viir;  ttiiiii- 
iiiconilm  \  ot  ill.  naiivi-s.  C'liiilhaiiJ  ami  .^aratt.ns  n-:;. 
i]iiiic<.l  11  i  y  uirn-.  Ihe  Noniiiii,  iinil.r  l"an  t.l, 
(ll  "Vfo'.it  tt;c  S'THi-cn  ,  aiul  liv  tlitir  co  ,11  Cti  m.  wi;;, 
the  (irccks,  ilLiblillu'i!  there  (w'ulc  t'n  rc-!^  ot  1  i  ro|-e 


was  |i!unc;al  ;n  iiionk'l)i  ijunorantf!  .1  1110 


li  III, 


inor.arcav, 


lll'l  lh>llll 


lb.    I 


1:1  .irtsaiitl  .iriii 


OU     11. 1- 


houlir  or  AiiiiiM,  wiiiih  now  poixM-.s  it,  liu  lail  ilukc 
tlviiij.;  uuhout  iii.i'c  ;liii  ;  but  ( i.i.iil.li  .^.^s  bpa  an\l 
troni'it  m  i-;^,  lui  n.uli'iM.i  >'l  1  .•  dn.  liv  olHarma. 
ll  c  tl  i;  i' .'.V  -ll  I'-.i.i'.a  '.v.i-  ii.-.ur.ii  .on  to  po|-.r 
P.v.il  111.  liu  I..  V  :,  vii-..'.  ;  f.  u  aniiixol  IJ  ili.  lio|, 
lei',  in  i;j^.  l.v  I'o,  .J  Jul  II    II.     'I'iic   itUt-a.in;    u 

llu-    il'U:!.     O      l.ll.K'..     ICIil   I   .  .^l-tl     i;i     olf    l.ilC     ijllllll 

duwait-r   it   .Spo.i,    m,1ijH-   Ion,  I. is    jilint   Caiiioii^- 
ni.i  ..■:.'•,  obtaiial   n.ii   I'li'.i  ■  ,  an.l   li.s  niphcw  n  w 

1-.  J  ',1!    WUil  tK    line'.      o    I'i,-.  (.■  .ll  -. 

iL  V(iu-!iiiiS  w,  rc  loiiati'iV  t'n  ir,..Ml  1  r:r,iJai  Ic 
mat  ;iiti.'  ixiw.:-  in  l-.iiu';ic.  In  ii;/;  i.u  ■>  i  .iiiquiicii 
Conitant'.no;  ll  iiult.  an^l  l.t  .1  n  to""  lo.'i-'  '1  nc,  to- 
peihcr  Willi  '."cit  p.;t  o  tic  ..'niM-.ini  o.  h.ii.op.-  and 
Aiii.  'ri-.i'i-r.ov  r.  .1  .1  1  :'.'.i.i.'  1.)  bulla,  ov  ih. 
C'.:pc  of  <  looil  l-|o|  e.  'zavc  t'  c  lilt  hi  'W  to  tiifir  jiH.it- 
nel',  l^  u  loll  l:  .r.l  tlu-  bid  ,.n  u.wk.  liy  tli-iirccs  tlie 
Toiks  toijk  ir  'in  iluni  ila'ir  iiioii  \.iluainc  piii.  iiions 
on  the  ooiitintiit;  .i:hI  !..'I.iic.:s  ilicuar  1  7  1  ;  tlicv  1,  it 
I  lie  Moica. 

Tl.i  Cimoe'c.  t  t  l'om..  I'lv  ,  dirpuud  i  ic  empiit  t 
the  Mt.'ittn!".i.Mn  S'.-a  w:di  i'k-  Vcii-tiaiis,  bui  wi-ii 
Icidom  or  ni  ver  .ib'-  to  ni..i;ii  .n  tlitir  own  in.i  i.ii 
dcnci.-  b'  lan.i,  be...'  ■^'■i.craiv  p:  t  <'X  d,  aful  loin  • 
tunc'.  li;bM-tal,  I  v  lilt-  !■  <nili  i.d  liii(».  n..,  lb.  A 
pK'.tn;  llu  V  arc  p>iii' il'j.i  ot  a  ;  mu.  laulj  hitici.ui 
to  1  re    rvi  il.i  ,■;.]  I  .j.iiMJ  o-  .-.   .,vi..  :i;u  jfaic, 

'l':\j  ur.Mt.uiJn  ot  'I'lil  a-.  i^Lii  ■.;  lothfim- 
per  r-oii.K,iii  11'.,  wn"  .'iaci ".iit  l"..:i:u:i.  ,  till 
til.,-  '  i.'.r  i:.:-\  nltn  t!  ■  t.r.ioi.-  lii'.iiiv  1  11  (  t  tin. 
Ciu' li.l.s,  v>lio  wt-r.  ;ii.  }■  ,t  /  ll- ot  til.  I'li'i--.  .Hid  lU- j 
Ijil  i-iiiiiv  .  \'. li...  ,\.  .c  .  I  i  ui  pi  iiii'  ,111' I  \\,  tO' k 
piiui.  'I'lic  pofitv  ih  11  p.,.ia.;;il  iIk  liupi  i.a!  ...  - 
vi'ramir.i'  11,  hr.i.ii  v  lo  j  t  :n  ir.l.lvi;.  iiiidii- the  pio-  1 
t'Cllonui:!i  ,1;  ii;  |.::t  iht  I'''  1\  |.|  "■111  .  liu  i|  I  lur.t  I 
lu;-nit;d  t  i:.  :  vcs  i;.ti  a  l:ct:  v  li.,ii.  .nv.  ;dtt|,  and  j 
bravcl  liiiiv  d  t'n  r  lili  ni- ^  ai'.,ii..:i  .  o;  li  ji.i.i!,.  hv 
iiirn-..  l-a<"lk,  I  .it  lail  llu  ok  lliiir  i.til  111 ,  ai;it  l!i.- 
iaa,iiv  ot  M.diii,  1  .:iii  b  'or'  I'l  y  v..r.  dtcli'<.-d 
J.  •.■ni.es  1)1  dukis,  ill  t.ct  ^oViTirtd  [-lonn.  e,  lli:iu^,!l  ih  • 
i...'lin  .i-id  p;  v:l  ill-  .)'  i.i- pi-opl-  iniiKd.  bill  1..  ■■  \  II. 
'll..  M'.-d,iLi.  p;iilii  ii.iilv  Ciitnio,  v.liu  v.a  ili;  ri.;!'. 
(.a  .'.I  :i  c  L'.iixi  o!  Ill  (-I'Uiuix,  n.  ill ',  1:1  t'.cl:  ni, 
llj.i;i.il  'Villi  till-  \'.  i.c:  i..n'  i.t  tli.'  iiuinciik  pi  ..lu  ol 
the  I.  .i'l  bilii  tia.'.t;,  l>  I-'ic  tin  di.i.  .v..  11  '  iindi  by 
the  F  'itii.;  J.,  1-. .  lbs  rovtiiu",  in  rt.uly  nioiuy,  whiil. 
exi'M-led  '. :  at  oi  anv  Iomhii^ii  |>nn' c  in  Lui...pc,  civ 
ablcd  his  iiai  I'.iis  10  riL- 10  love'ciiin  |>oiii;  anil 
P';pc;  Piui  \'.  ;.,iv^  </ii(;  o.  liii  dtlcjiidai.c^  Cvliiio,  (I'.ic 


Viar  1  i'j'.,t!ie  |> -pisbcin.'  ihtii  .ill  p.-  i^\iUil  n  I.mo! . , 
tlicir  mil ii^iiCH  bioke  into  tht:  Inc.tifionot  'l.tiiirui'. 
Iin.',  aid  N.vpks  ..nd  Sii  ilv  at  1  iil  f  iin-  inl'i  ilie  poll'  I- 
li.)!!  ot  ill  l',-  11  h  ;  and  tin'  1. 0111  ol  .•\nioii,  with  toi:,, 
iiit'.rriipti  ns  ami  ir,'ji'i.al  r. volunons,  lickl  it  i-li  tin- 
Spam  inb  dio.  e  tl  cm  .  ut  in  1  y^.^,  .ind  it  w  1  ili,  n  aii- 
n.x.d  t  I  ;ho  i  n>..n  ol  Sn.';n. 

l  lie  l'oVl  rniiii'iil  ot  the  Si'.iaiaids  v.  is  1  ■  ippnifiv?, 
tli.it  It  j;ave  iile  to  ilic  taa:oiis  revolt,  lit.ulcd  by  M.iiia- 
n.ollo,  a  voiaiki  lidiciiiian,  v.  11  out  1)1  )■  s  or  ibicki!"'-. 
1  I  IS!  lilt  I;  was  Id  imp  i/ina,,tliailicol.k;.;eil  tli(di.  in;,  ly 
Spaiiaid-toa  ol.lh  t  Mopj.riiru''  t  xt  ,  .uu!  toi.iniirm 
till-  liiierii.s  ol  the  peopli.-.  Bil.!.-  tlii.i-  could  be  re- 
ilMb.iihed  p  t..v:l\,  ll-- iiirni-d  di  iirious,  iliioi.f'.h  In, 
loiUMiulai.i  ,ti.  lis  ot  b(ni\  .iiid  iniiiil,  and  w.i-  put  to 
ill  a;, I  at  tiif  Iliad  i.-l  In-  own  m  b.  Na|  1.^  and  .Suilv 
lontinui-d  wit'.i  tli  ■  .Spaniards  till  tin-  veir  1 7:)ii,  whin 
ill  -  a  ili-kli.k.-  Cli.ir'e-t,  alieiwards  iiiiprior,  took  p  1- 
liliioii  ot  till-  kin^-'-iii.  Hv  viituf  ot  \arioii  tieati  <i. 
w:  1,  ll  iud  ;,itr(".i  c.  u  D.-n  L.'ik-«.  t'lC  kini:  o!  S  1  .i.i'-, 

I  •!>,  t'  till"  poll  liiun  (>i  I'ariiiaand  I'la/.-iuia,  a  I'c.i 
i.o  iir.iki-  .  u:  in  17;',.  bif.vi.n  ilit  lionlt-  it'  Atili'ia 
ai..;  I'i  H.i'...  .11,  .i'..  ot  ; .  e  |  olb  I'l-  -n  tit  NapK--,  aiiil  i  \i:i 
La;|.-    \va"  nci-vcil  i:;to  tlieia:  i;.il,wliere  li  ■  wa    p-..i- 

I I  lined  kip.a; -t  roili  Si.iliis  'I'li'is  was  lollo-.i  .-d  bv 
.1  viiy  lilooily  caiTipaicn;  1  r.t  t'  ■  1,11 1  her  i  il'uli.n  01 
bio.  Ill  was  ib.pt/tr.l  f.v  a  p-a^.  1  r:  .m-jii  b'l.n.  c  and  I'-o 
e-i;  IT  ir,  t  1  w-ai.  h  tiic -.oii.'t  it  M..dnd  and  N::p!<-s 
ii  li:;'  iKMnurri.l,  .  ut  altci.-.aid  ictviinl  in  17^'',  and 
1 ) '11 1_  iil'jT  ic;i  amiii  kiiii;  oi  S..jde-. 

I.  J-  '11  I  lli  a(  t'  fiion  10  !'  c  iro,.  11  I  f  .'s]  11',  in  1 " :", 
I!  b..:i'  f  lUiul  that  h  s  elJull  Ion  w  i-  bv  i.ituit.-  ir- 
i.-.-.Kii.  ud  t  .r  icijo.iii.j,  r,t  r^liuii;il  ill'.'  down  ■! 
N.ipl -b  to  lii-i  t  ird  1  III,   Itrdininl  VI. 

1  l.i-    pip.ii   1   I  V,  r   '     no  v  fvilen;ly  at  .i  low  ebli, 
I  he  iii.l'.i  ot    I'.uit-,  -.'iioarc  not  lini' ■  ii-'-rlv  i...lled  1: 
I  i:,ill'.;i  e-,  iia  ■    en-  xttrmm.if.d  oi:t  1  t  li  in  v-,  Sjiain. 
.',  ij  1    ,    and   I'ori  i^r.d  ;   and  is  but     -.,!'.  i.  1  r.acil  :•> 
.  iii.i  I'ojH'.ii  loiininvi.     'I'lic  po;  e  In  ;    ,11    s  treat..) 
b\    Ru.ii.m  Cati.oiu'  pri.iois  wuli  M.y  htti.-  -..or,.-  cori - 
ni.'.iv  tl. -.tl  I-  dui-  I',  him  a--  biihoiioi  l'.o:-,.c,  a.id  po! 
I'  lit.;  ol  a  ttn'poial  luin^ipility.     '1  ii.^  In  'n  'iition,  it 
i.  icalon.ii.,1;-  to  bt-'u-ve,  will  tii.'iunaie  ill  .1  i  tai  tep'- 
ritioii  li.ir.1  till    lioiv  Ili-  ot  all  it-,  toiri.oi  inioiunicn; .. 
v.h.i  h  iv(  ll,  l-nie    llu-   bc_.-,inri.i;j,  't  ;u»-  jt  Itiit   iin- 
lurv,   ">  re  i:ii!.!i-iil ',  and   t.- tlit  ulu  iii.r,  his  li  .In.,  1 
|.)  111-.-  i.-.tu;lf  ot  I  I-  i.tili.r..ir.!i..il  b..i-c-:,ii'..sa   iirit  ':■ 
ihop  ot  CLiiil.nduiii. 


I."  1 1  A  r. 


nil 

S,  yihi. 

i,.  ill.  iiinili  t 


H 


til  arte  t.l 


ll  lo 
_^0D  iiiiL's  lo 
niotiniaiii<  n-.i 
Siiri  I  w-  ll ;  1' 
nonhfii  pan 
1  .nie.  T'r.- 1 
unwliilelbuv 
111'  li'li'.--  l.s,  :i 
111!  ;  iiid  till.- 
CMt  .!  .lib. I 
all  kinds  o'  V 
various  ki.id 
wlirat,  mill 
w  all  Kiri  .-1  . 
l)i  u\-,  SlVf, 

1  liiii^ary 
liiiriicr  i.-,iiita 

Zcii  p'l.i. 
la'ti-.  leveru!  i 
thai  yield  •  X 
ii.s  na  lie  fioii 

Sl..|'l^    IS 

p,i\.ii  ixtent 
loiii-riL!  ,  r 
wall  v.o  f?s  1 
li.ut  .-i'  it, 
Ne.-.rtlie..itl 
tilt  w'lU.r, 
(Hianiiiie'  il 
lii)ii<)i'  .  V  i 
from  ti.e  mi 
Iroia  llic  b-ir 
koi/  i-  la, 11 

i/'liii  is  1 1 
31 1  i.\  ir  il  o 

(.,(  .i-Va 

ll  I     .1  I'loliu 

(l.^ll,  1  I 

Co  ill- V  1  1  C 

•It,   t  -X 
C.l      .1   .. 
I.  •     .  L  . 
'1  „,      ;   bu; 


1 1  1 
1. 

the.  '. 

1, 
ir 

\ 

tlie..lii 

1 

I.' 

Cii'v  ; 

d. 

aiTd  li 

Lt, 

, 

S 

t.l  .1 
T 

li 

ll 

\  ,,  ■ 

iIm;.-' 
( 

to 

are    : 

tOlllil 

v 

s 

kill  u 
1 

..le. 

ami  I 

K- 

1  1 

ti.'i.d, 

ot  ilk 

111 
k 

11' 

ill  wliob 

h. 

hWi^K 


.0(,RArilY. 

.•<r  ;^i,ll  »Inki'..rTlir. 
(1  Wi  Ins  f  r.ilv  \  ,  ill; 
17-7.  who  Lit  \\<  iii'ae, 

..r.iiil  Uv  tl'i-  iM'pf'or 
•\.n:,  anil  :'iv  -ti  lo  li.j 
,  ;\iul  III  ■   cm;k'.>".   111 

,    ".llll-  li    w.n      I  1    .1    til 

'  Kid  111  I  n,  I'lnlicr  !•! 
lul  llul.C,  :'.l,i|  'I  nil  my 
vvlikh  I  i-l.>i  c-  t'l  I'  MI, 
cr.ii  iliips  ii;  w  rv  i  in- 
i  iin  li  f  Ti.ii.iii  t.  lis. 
Ik-  li.lul'  Is. 

It-  iiri'.riT  vi.  'ifmi'Ik-  ut 
ih',  '  iutlly  u  viir;  tuiiio 
itiain  .tml  S.lt.ii  MIS  nni- 
rai  111,  unil.  r  l".»ri  t;!, 
V  ilit;i'  cii  .11  Cti  ■!.  Willi 
v!ii!i:  I'H  n-\  I't  I  I  rope 
inti')  .1  mi'i'  icl.'f  ;  \[i  c 
Tiv.i.nl  .iriu  .  .■\  ou'  [!.c 
I  .^11  (V  ivi  itiil  \",  l.i:i<>i , . 
luc^ firion  ot  T.iiii:ri<l\ 
lit  f  nil-  int'i  ilic  |ioli  !• 
ml.  111  Aniou.  Willi  li)i,,i 
iliiiioiis,  licUl  ii  I'll  O'x 
yi.\,  .ind  It  w  r  ill.  n  aii- 

iiiardsv. :i<  I  .  .)])prtiTiv?, 
vvolt,  lif.ulcil  I'V  Mlll.l- 
'  0111  1)1  1'  5  (ii-  ildckin;:;''. 
KUlii;iil.l,^C(!ilifh..ii'".  tv 
IV'  I  M-  ,  .1111!  to  1  r.ntirni 
lit  ir.-  tlitic  coiilit  he  ir- 
(.1  (lc  lirmu"-,  lliliii.i'.ll  I1I1 
iii  inrul,  and  was  put  ro 
1   li.      \.1[  l,<i  unci  Sii  ijy 

III  till.'  ycir  I  ;.-!ii,  vsli;n 
ar<h  V  niji'.iur,  to  ik  p  1- 
virtue  ci|  \ariini'  trfati  a. 
.•ilc/«,  I'lC  kinsr  n:  Si. .1.1''. 
'.Ki  aiul  I'i.i/.i'i'.Li.i,  4  i'f.\ 
L.n  ilic  IkhiIc-  it  Ai;iii!,i 

IV  'n  t»i  N';'.|)lis.iini  I\in 
.\;  i;.ii.  wlicrc  \y  vva-  pio. 

'i'l!;s  wai  tolloA.'il  I'V 
t  t'"'  r.inluT  liTiili  .11  oi 
■  !  1-:  .'.t.-n  l''i..ii.  I.-  a:K(  t''C 


\i\    Mi't'jiiii!  m  I  7  ;'',  ano 

N.ipit:-. 

.1.1,  n  I  f  Sj   m:'.   m  1  -  .'n. 
It  liiii  w  I-   t>v  i.itui". 
i\li;^n(.il   ihi'  (lo'.'-.'i 
111  in  I  VI. 

'.■vi'lcn;;y  at  ,'.  l'".v  cb' 
rol  iivp  ■  ii'.rlv  ^..llcil  1: 
,,!'.'!  ui:t  1  I  I  1  ;ii  V, Spain. 
;  IS  ! 'It  ■.,•'.  !■  !  r.ilcd  :•! 
:  po;  f  111  :;\  It  .■>  ircat.  J 
Villi  \v.\  lull..'  ■.<.n\'  ecu  - 
iitlu'i'  oi  I'.oii.c,  and  jiol- 
ly.  'lii.s  111  'u  liiticn,  li 
lirniinaic  ui  .1  t  i.ii  icp'- 
11  If.  iDiei.'ri  tnidiuincn;  . 
iri.i;:;  •  t  rlir  j  r  lent  i.ti'.- 
.  tlic  ii.lii-inj;  III'.  Ii  'Ir  1 
miuil  t'..;v"i.ir.i  a   iiilt   ■:■ 


!]■ 


-hi. 


C  1 1  A  V. 


(    9"!     ) 


C     II      A      P. 


XVIII. 


H  IT  N  ( J  A  R  Y,  ana  Its  Incorporated  PROVINCES. 


H'  V'ARY  rc'civcd  i''  n.inv  fV im  itu'  Hun'-,  a 
h.yii'ian  union,  inKo  p-)(ill!cd  lluiiilch.s  ol'it 
ii.  ill.  iDiiiIi  icnaiiy.  It  lii-s  heiwc-n  ilic  i.Sitia'ul  iid 
tKi^rcvvall  long,  a n  !  45di  and  kjiIi  dcp.  iiordi  tat.  is 
•500  mil.'s  loll',,  .ind  2colMiad;  lias  tlio  Cirpuliian 
niouniaiii' mill'  I  Svivi  I  (outli;  M  irivia,  Andna,  and 
Siirl  I  w  ll ;  am!  Wala.  liia  an  1  Ti anlylvan'a  call.  Tiic 
norilit'ii  pan^.irc  inoun.ainoib  iind  li.uivn,  luil  wlinlt- 
1  .iiic.  T'l.-  i  iitlifm  ilithi -1  .  arc  level  and  tortile,  but 
unwli. ilfli  iiv.  Tlu'  inoiiiitaiii- 1 oniaiii  a  gaai  vaiici y 
iifmi;'.-  i.s  and  even  diim  nid  .  C"ia  i.  very  picini- 
fill;  ind  till.-  l-lmr^arian  wine.,  putitti'.vly  'I'ok.iy, 
CMe  •;  .ill  ..ilK'isin  Kup  pe.  1  lot'cs,  laiil  ,  lilli.ai.d 
all  kiiiils  !>*'  v..j;e'.ar.|.  aliouiul,  .is  i!.)  wiM  luali-,  and 
variiius  ki.id.  ol'  Ramej  ami  toluu 'i.  lailion,   butk- 


wiirat,   mil 
Willi  l\u\  .-I 


.  t.    iiic'on--,  cli'-fiiut',  is:' 
T 


r.   (.nliiMilcl 

_.  .      _  .11;  pii'i  i|iil  ruei-    aiv  the    D.iiiinie, 

Di  IVL-,  Save,  Teylie,  M  nili.  and  ih.  Ttiiic  , 

Hiiiiu-ir)  i^  disidi-d  ml  J  Upj^r  .ind  Lin'.er.     Th. 
former  (.oulain-. 


Zeii  11' 1.1,  wl 


ll  giv.i  n.iiue  I  I  a  i-ount\  ili.it  loii- 
uiiv.  leverai  iin  onliderab.e  1  )wn>.  and  many  viin  y.ii-.ls, 
thai  yiel.l '  .\i:ellint  wine,  paitieiilarly  that  which  take^ 
lis  na  ii'j  fiom  Tokay. 

SL.'i'ib  IS  a  a\'\k,  whith  gives  name  l>  a  cuntv  of 
gi.ii  .xtent,  al)..iiiurmji  in  torn--  pun  with  liuiiiil 
loiii-rdd  ,  rich  jiailuie-.,  piiUV,  and  lla.\,  and  in  oih.rs 
wiih  v.o  f?s  and  niounraiiis  No  wine  i.^  made  in  any 
ji.vn  ..;■  it,  but  it  has  lime  iron  and  eipper  mnu^. 
Ne.-.rilvj  rallle  uiSk^piis  is  a  c.ivern,  in  which,  during 
the  w'l.i.r,  tlu  w.iier  is  fluid;  but  in  luinnLT  large 
ii',i.inii''.C'-  .if  i.eaic  briHi<;lit  troni  it  for  cojlini^lluir 
h  uKi'  .  Villi.  I,  ir  c<ippera->,  not  onlv  u,u(lies  out 
fr.jin  li.e  mines  of  ihi.  cumtv,  inn  i  leaks  loiili  alio 
iro.u  ihe  lurf.i.'.v  of  the  ;'|-.niud.  'I'lic  vili.i.,..-  ->1  VoC- 
k.ji/.  1- raiiMiis  lur  ii   iiudu  in.'.l  I'piing':-. 

1:  fill  is  iheeapiialo:  iln:coiint\  ol  M-Vcs,  inwhiJi 
;iic  l..\enl  other  iow  ii'.. 

(lie  .i-Vai.ulin,  rr  \Var.ulin,  in  th:  i<  uuty  o:  Ililiar, 
111    a  ilronu,  1  ailk  on  i!ic  eall  lide,  ami  liie  e;  .ihci  01 


C"  ". 

1 

C  ll 


Low. 


|.  ' 

W  I 

J 

'  1 
I 

C.tl  h     !   .  \  i 

the.  -..tr    . '.. 
ihedn!.    ..'.I 

Clii'v  :   d.        I 

aiTil  tiv.n  s  a 


,  -  '-r   , 

!  .  -  illi.ij^u  ill   It   iVom  LiltL'-Waia.lm,  111  the 
1  I  Ch    '.'. 

IS  a  i'n  rg  town  .  n  the  liv  r  15  ?;,  tlie 
IVii.iit,  '.•;■  Kriiio  y  to  v,  .,  h  11  i'H''''' 
i.'.-..l  iiii.c;  Ik\ii  in  tlvj  j:  'i.  ;:  ii'-  01  ihe 
u  A  ih'iians  iiainiii^;  p  .ika.i  i  I'l  ii,  it 
•.,.!   .nil.)  the   Liimdum  of  IL-ngan    in 


.-.e.-Vai 
.1  i.fih. 

,    h.s    k 

.;   luu  i 

r.c  .ri    ; 


_e 


I  lu:..;..iv  ill.'  I  iiiv:i[-:d  pfiro    .'.re 
ii.'Mi'e.l  on  ihc  f>',n'..he,   ..b  ut   -i'''   iiiif- 
I      .     f  1    I!  ih  ■  r,  iMlia  v.-  I  ■    k  pi  ;  bii; 
■y   c.i'  'V-.l  to  Vhe.iia-,  lUu',  in  i''i'  i.i- 
,  .I'l-  I    ;o    S',.   \huiin,    il'i-    I  iv.  le  .'11   is 
lo'.vn   i.    an'.leiii,   pli  .l.iiu:;.     r.iuu  d, 
ill  ,111. 

d  h  is  a.aiili'  whiih  };ivi's  ivt!no 
!i  •  l-il'  III  iiiou'.t  lUs  and  loeh  . 
.ih.ii.iiKrals.an  i  n.tdi.  iivdipiin,.',  , 
hi  ii  .,ie   iu.irv   c'.u .   us   llgu  \    iii 


w  inn  batlis.  The  t.vvn  li is  ( onfideraljjc  fuhinlis.  Tii  • 
n.i.hboiiring country  yield  nooil  red  wine,  ami  cxicl- 
lei.imlins.  A  fj.v  mil  s  ln.'low  H.iilv  is  an  illind, 
call  d  Klepel,  vvhieli  foriiiirly  btlon'.',al  10  [irincc  I'".u- 
gcne,  who  had  .1  ll.ir  in  thi;  ivighhourhi)!. 

Sill  niiiit/.,  the  prneipal  nv  in;  town  111  I  Iiinc;arv,  i< 
chilli)  inhibited  by  riotcilints.  The  >;  ■''.!  and  lilvei 
minv-.  pio.luci'  .1 1   1  fukrabl'  ipiantity  oi  ore. 

Ciemnii/,  the  lapital  of  ihe  e.iunty  of  Heps  con- 
tain, a  mint;  but  th'j  niineu  are  l'>  txliaulled  as  fearcc 
ll)  d.fer.e  v.nikin'j;. 

'I'he  liun^;aiian.  are  fierce,  cru.l,  j'rouil,  and  re- 
xcngi'fi.il;  biiter  tiK'i'rs  iliin  nierhanl.s,  and  luinil- 
iiieii  than  tilol.irs.  Tin  nv.n  are  llriini.;aiid  wei.  made; 
til  y  lliave  their  bonds,  I'.'.^c  whifkcr  ini  ilie  uppr 
lip,  wear  tut  on  ihe  h.a  ',  ad  -Ih  bo.lied  coit  girt  with 
a  laili,  and  a  ll.oit  cloiih  I  uckltd  under  the  arm,  in 
oida  lo  leave  ihe  il.',lii  hand  at  lib  rty.  The  horfe, 
'.\h.o  .  iiry  a  bro.id  Iwoid  and  baiile-ax,  arc  called  luif- 
la.  .  and  the  loot  ar.-  naniid  li.ydukes.  Hei'e  aiv  five 
lan.'.u-ige,  fpokcn,  vi/,.  Mungari  ui,  Silavonian,  Wal- 
lachian,  (J  riiun,  and  Latin.  Th  ugh  11. it  above  a 
l.iuidi  ii.iii  of  the  ii-o])!.'  are  Roinan  C.iih'ilii-S,  yet  that 
Kh.'i.jii  is  liic  elfiblillicd  one.  I'rotel'.ant-,  .ind  par- 
ticularly tho:e  ot  the  (ircik  church,  are  tolerated;  and 
Jevv^  arc  iliiiibly  taxed. 

The  ordhiiiy  revenue  of  this  kingdom  is  vcr\-  con- 
llierable.  Hungary  can  ealily  bring  into  the  ri.ld  > 
veiy  t'orni'tlabk  ai,i,y. 

Transylvania,  aruieiiily  Dacii,  lu'dii  m.'dv-rn 
name  from  Its  (iiii.iiion  Tran -Svlvas,  tir.l  i,  Beymd 
the  Wood'  or  Foreil,.  Ii  i-  lituaied  on  tlu'  I'ojth  it' 
lluiuiry,  Iv.inja'inn  1  no  iniL's  fing,  and  i;o  broad, 
lis  inoi.ni  lins  vkld  iVvcr,  imn.  Lad,  coop.'r.  quick- 
liber,  r  ,ek  I'a't,  cinnabar,  tuljihur,  vitriol,  (idt-p.tre, 
anti  iiony,  re.l  ochie,  iling'als,  and  1  t  1.  r  niin.-rab  ;  and 
leiCiMi  111  th m  I'.n  cliihed  with  vin.s.  Many  jietri- 
yiivj;,  liilr,  ,'.n.|  medicinal  Iprin.;  ,  c  Id  and  hot,  with  a 
..'I. at  van.'  y  ot  pl.iii-,  arc  all  )  fni.id  am  ing  them. 
I'ln;  li.'li^  a'vl  vallc\s  iirj  rich  ;ind  f.rtile,  yielding 
lorii,  pull'.,  ani  tiuiis  ;  and  th.'  f'''e(h  abound  with 
Imlh.il.ies,  elk^,  lfij;s  w.ld  gnus,  bcr  ,  fixe-,  martins, 
bnxe-,  ermines,  bt..v.r'--,  wilJ-alfe.,  wolves,  bec",  h:. 
Vhill  numbers  alfj  of  Id.i.k  cattle  .in. I  li  irlcs  arc  bre.J 
her-.  C>,  the  laitcr  th.rc  is  a  wild  tort,  with  inanr.; 
iianging  do.xn  t'l  ihi'groun.l,  Tiv.-  prin.ip.il  riv  rs  :r:c 
thcS/.-.iiK)  ,  the  iVIir  1  ,  and  th.  A  iii.i.  Tii '  i.ihibi- 
t,iiit'  arc.)  tei^r.il  !or..>,  as  Hun^.ivi.in-.  Sax  n  ,  Wa 
licli  ■Il^,  Arm  I'.ian  ,  B'.ilgari.in  ,  dh'-'chs,  R  rci.-.iis,  or 
S..Tv;ans,  ;;ii  1  .1  p.- i;ile  .ailed  S.'kli.  H  re  ar.- ,dfi> 
Jvw  and '/'gd'.n-.'.'r  li  pti  s, ,;,  in  If.ingary.  Ro:r.an 
Catnoh    ,  I'r.ir.il  t,;  ,  <  i  .e  .s.  '11  !  Ann.  iii.m.,  arc  all 


I  m  -re 
li'tc, 


nu- 
likc 


(, 
are 


i.i'.vn  i.n  th  ■  Diniil 


iiiiIk', 


t'>  .1  11.'.'  V  y  '.' 
Ti  ■■  ..!  i.i.  1  in  11. -■ 
\  1,  .  I  .  (.: ..' .  Ill  V 
dtvi^.-'to   e. 

n   1     a  r  v.'   :ii' 

.IX-    I     '.l.'i    1     '.     1. 

touiiirv  IS  \  - 1  .•  pi ' 
km  V.  ,ne, 

l  .  :■.  re  iwo  lo  11-  of  tlu-  .".,r.  ■  .1  Ihidi,  the  Oiil 
and  the  Ni  w.  Ohl  b.i.i.u  a  nv.  'ii  j  ..  .  ;  ut  ihi.  New 
is  a  r.",,il  ti  e  1  wn,  \\  I'.liii';  t  ii  ihe  nnu'li  ,  well  t  n  ■ 
tiih.l,:inu  .Ml  ih,- 1  .p  i.il  (1  ;..,  kiiii;i!'. "i.  .uid  rdideii.'.' 
of  till  k.ng,  iinlil  It  was  I'.i/.nl  I  v  die  Tiiik  111  15-0. 
ill  wliolh  h.'.r.di  it  cmtiiiucd  till  icby,  lieic  .lie  k\i.ial 


ite  0.'  cergy,  n  >- 


.'.111  .11!.;  f  iiii.ui,  an 


1  leix 
lu  'Ji  our  lig 
■.  ukli  e.\c  I- 


i')le;'..t'  !  lieie.     'i'\\-  Pim  e'   ■.:,(.   r.r '   nv.:.' 
iivr.ji'.s  th.'.n  t  he  R  .11  i:i  C  i.h  I'lC-.      fli.' 
th.i'co!  H.i:'j,.irv,  i  'n'.i'!  oi't'  c 
bil  i",  ■.eiiuv,  iin.l  royal  i.i'.Mi.. 

ScL.Avost.\  cxuiul  fi  itn  tl;,'  Aiiiith'  t'  th.' Rlack 
.Set.  ll  i.fi.^s  iib  name  ir  .111  liieScl.'.vi,  i  S^-  thian  ;ia- 
n  n.  dhic  iiiha'-ii  mi-  .ue  a  mixture  ot'  .S.hivonii  i-, 
Ch  ais,  W.ili ..  hiaiis,  ( i  •r:iu;is,  V;  i  .;.v;^,  Ihiihs,  Ser- 
\ia;r,  .r  Ri'.ii.i'.,  .ivi  llu'igu  .:  .  S'.li'  •■"ii  'is 
I  •!! ;  I'ubi.'.-t  to  die  \  n  '.i.i  .s,  ..lici  .■.aril;  to  I'n'  1  ii'ks; 
bui  in  i,4'i   1;    .\a-  uniied  t.i   M  Li.'.-uy.     'I  ;e  'i  ii.'- 

en  1  I'.  jil.fc.H    'l,.'    toil)'   diets  lit 
all  I  ih  ! .     1  liieir  ,1.1  :i.     The 


a' I  I 


piut.-  ; 
t,ui!,'.il 

puhlK 


the  ...ic.    o,    liv 

1:1  ( .  Ill,  win.',  an. 

y  tolcraicd,   is  iiie 


■in. ;'.:'■,  anl  lave 
;U..i .  t  iiii.l  u-.n- 
ounnv  I  V  1  ;  a.i.l  ilie  h-il 
pi!  hi;.  .  I'h.'  .iniv  l'eli;?;!'jp, 
Roman  L..t-liol!i  ;  ).x  ihtr.i 


are  many  c!  the  Gr^ek  church. 


Qaoatia 


n 


i 


'*     ! 


it 


VC4 


A  Niw,  ROYAi.  ANP  ArrrirvTU-  sy'^tim  <.i  r\ivrus,\r,  r,F(v,K aphv 


CiKiAiiA.  fiin.it.  il  wnl  o\  S.  U\i>,i..i,  i.  So  nuL' 
\iW)i,,  ;inil  70  Ihd.  I,  Tn  L'l'  .iK.iir  iiili.\Wii.ini  >\  ilii« 
toiiiun,  ikiivi  tiiiji'ii  MU  li  Mil  til.  S  livi,  amliiKak 
t!i  Scl.iViMir.'i  I.ttij;ii.i>;f.  B  tl' lioric  iiul  fmt  .»r>  i;iin.l 
l"KluT»,  clji.ii.ilU  ilic  tormtr,  Icivinj;;  tor  hukIiiIsi' 
l.iiuc  |>ui|).iii>  .11  ilii-  luii'.ir  ,  i>'.ii.l'ui»,  aiiil  otiur  in\  • 
^Vil.tr.*.  'I'iu-  U>\\  vvlitv..  uilnvaKil,  i.  iui;il'ul  111  wini- 
.;iul  inK.iiul  in. my  oilhi   j^i-.iliiois. 

Dalwatia  iHlori'i?  t>'  ihc  V.naims  Aul'.riati  , 
Tuins  .itid  K.aj!,ul.i,is;  ili.it  i«,  ilic  Liniia  h.ivc  tin 
inuiimu'  pl.i.o,   .iiiil  il-.f  tlifii- Dtlur  p.>.vcr^  ili.  r 


.•ll. 


Till'  langu.;[,'^'  i>  Si l.iv.'iii.ia.  the  riligum  Roiniili.  'I'h 


m.iiititaiu.-    ai\-   1  Kul  wit' 


!V\-.  Mil  ',  luyrHc- 


.111' 


111  n'.aml  '.iiKii  wiili  ^  111,  filvc,  aiul  ollioi  <  it- 


tJK  |i!a'.ivari'  Uii 
aiul  C'.iriiiiil.i,   c 


VU' 


ll    1'li.i'k.ks  .»  imii'l 


.1  l'iM|'k'  iiuiii!in  imtrv 


I'll  l.ivai 


miiih  aiMivUi!  id  r 


ipm. 


ai.il  iioiiil  I  I  tluii    „..  \n\ 


Til.  II  laiigiia^i  I)  W  allai.lii.in,  aiul   ilicir  mT  i.  uii 
(ill I  k. 

Ai  l.ara  i«  acap.uiini^ii.iilioiir,  anil  a  « it.ilcl.  T,, 
rii|)|i!v  till'  is.int  nr  li.lli  w.iiiiilii  ram  i<i  i.iivMilU  p.i. 
Inv.il  111  lilU-rn'.  I'iic  ui^  ij.incuat,  aiul  i.jiiuii.j 
iiii^iiiti  .  lit  llriio\iiris, 

R.U'.iil.i  15  .1  liiiall  ll  |Mil)lu  iiiulir  tilt  I'Mtii-'iion  ^ ; 
lilt    I'mk-.  aiul  N'liiiti.iiiv. 

Raj;iila,  the  lapit.il,  h  a  lin.ill,  liiii  «ill  iiuilt  loun, 
ll. Hilling  on  till  ll  i-co.iil,  in  a  «h  'Icunv.i  .nr,  lit  I  ir- 
Hi)  loll,  anil  li.i\in(;.i  k""^  li.irl  uui,  with  IcMi.tl  n.i. 


llUi.Sltuil.''',     .1 


till  .1  c.iiitiilii.ililc  triilt 


c   11    A   r 


XIX. 


TURK     K     ^'       IN     K     V     U     0     V     V 


1 


■I*    *' 


ll^'  In 


H 


W'lNci   alr.''i!',    iK ;.  riln-il  tlic   viri'Hii   pirts  of 


Turkrli  I 


in;>:r    in  .Ail  i  in 


Ai 


rica,   111  our 


UMiiuitiil  ill.  ll'  I'll  iittis  <  t  thr  L',1  lij,  Mc  li.ivr  ii.>.\ 


only  M  f  .u  .it'Tuikfv  ill  K- 


ili.ill 


i;!i.!  r  ill  ■  ill 


liiiitl    li.M.i    oltii'  n.iiiiii  i.iii    I'roviiKfs, 


Luilv.  Ta.!  ."-v,  in.l  (li-.i. 


h  .\  \  r 


.\  N     r  !l  o  \   1  N  C  1.  '^. 


|>()MA\1 


111 
watir.i 


..■•tTlT... , 
i;i  i'li-.wU' 


:ii'  111  :  '1  mil  s 


11 


T\ 


1.    wlr  •  f  I-   M    11 


f  r.ioiiiii.viiii.u-  \\.tt>  .ll' 


III;  iHii  111 


livtl 


|)a:;s,  I. ma  il   tli..   iLi,    v.aiiii  aa.l    tiTiilc      T'lis  pi 


1-  .■   Vfnit.l  I  v 
n,.i;n   ih.'  1..;! 


.Ill  1  t.uc    l.in<>Mi 


I: 


!.i:iiin  ip.r,  ilic  c.iiii.il  lit  ilk'   wliol,-   On. 


liin,  a  Ci-  Roin.ui  Cii'ioli 


il-,  anil  one  f  .nihciin 
limn  I..  'I'll.  Ac; I'  iil.tii, .  .r  I  li]ip<ulninu',  mIicic  hcMi- 
i.u.s  ucrc  .iiiiiiiily  run,  ivllillput  In  ih'- Ijiiic  ii:.- 
iltiKilt  a-  It  w.is  liirm.ily ;  tor  hcic  tlic  Turks  ihrn.v 
I'.if  I,,  lit,  or  il.iri,  rilling  till!  fpiMl  at  ilu-  mark.  At 
ill'.-  I'lUtli  fill  lot  ih'j  lit',  ib  tlif  iillii-  of  ti  vin,  or  rail:  r 
iij-ht.  tiwii-;  I  I  .ui  ihjitli  h.iili  been  latily  ail' !til ; 
I  III-  w!ioIi  I'crvin;.',  :i'^  ,1  ll.it.  piifon. 

I:i  ihc  n1.11k.l1  tor  live  initlc  (l.i\f-  of  .ill  ng'.-..  an.! 
I'tXis  arc|i)Ul,  a;ul  tlulf  iri- j;fnei  illy  Chril'i.ms 


•III 


A  Iv 


Willi.-  iiu  ol  ilic  p,irK  li.iv;.'  a  u'oil  Ih.iri-  ul  Iv.auM-, 
ill  It  ui.iN  r.  mninicnil  tl.cm  to  imii  of  li^uri,  ilu\  ii.- 
k  pi  111  ll  null,  nif  !•  tl^n^-  liy  il'tir  inalU'r'-,  ami  \>rr. 
V  ilcil  Miih  ji'v  ll  iloaths,  anti  wl.at.vri  tlloniay  rnoiii- 
ni  iiil  ti'.fiii  tothf  piirtli '.lirs 


imi'i-Kni  c  "t  tl 


lis  citv,  nil 


lii'li 


:f,  .1:.  1  liK-  :'i-l:ilf:)i  t 


till 

I  iiv  is 
pt-:-:,! 
t;k-  'wmpni 
w.nd    C  I'f. 
ar.il  Io'.im'  I. 


iiil  I'-iniiiiir. 


I 


lulv,,ih-,  \i-,  is  \x[y  |;icat,  and  tlu- inli.i'  nam  -  i.\- 


r.:hly  litu.Uiil,  in  '  !ias  1.  it  o;ili  .1  dm-  prof- 
,.t  .1  A  .t  :  ioir.,luiiuc.itu)ii  V.  Itli  v.u:  us  |)arts  ul 
'iri.-.      It  w   s  ..  ;.  .iIKIv  i  .!|.  J  I{\  /anlluiii;  .it'l,  r- 


('  •ul!  lillll 


If 


Lii.ai: 


n-   I'-.i 


I   p  •'.  ..1 


llllvl 

uiul 

A;,a  b.  .1    ;.:,.;•, 
the  l'ul)..r     ,  I,. I 
au-  iia;i.)iv.  tlu 
ilfi  ..vtil.     T: 
ar.il  iiiul'    ;    . 
a.ii..-  at  a  ■'. 
iiuili'.  ll  I  i    ;• 


;c.   1)11  ,11.1   uni  ol  .Is  i  villi;  lilt 

ll    lllUils  111     1  .    lit     .   lUlllll   Lit 

;.     It   IS  :.pii.itt-il  lr.,M; 


1 


' :  .:i  .1  1 .1  t.iiui,  ail.!,  IIU.  luiliii:; 

..U  ll.  al  ":  p,i..unil.   '1  Ik-  ih.  cts 

I  '    111,    aiul    ihe   t.hii.'i.  aiioiis 


leior.s,  i-.i:ii  (i;i.p.  not    only 


.11  nu.'bti  i.t  ( iii'i  k^  aiiil 


Chrilli 


«  1  It  .1 
^rniini- 


Ut    tiu-    p;agi:f    o'KIl   luakt-' 


ti.-.v. 
"Ill  in  tl 


aiiioii''  tluni. 


■ll  1: ur  l.ciatid  i(.-.\ 


Ipi  ailing  mill   i,i||  r   ,  uiitfi 


111  Au^iili.   i'>'-\.  a  li  c  bruk:- 
■•  ilk  liail)..(ii-,   ai.  i 

111     lO-C^iJ    lioiil 


's,  K-  c  ')-|; 


inuil.     T 

p;-olp. 


Il:-  cii\  no, 


ili-ala; 


II,  ami  all'oii 


/\'.liia:,  irii-,  tuc  K-iO.ul  titv  lu  Hn-   iini'l't',  is  about 


i-ialit   in; 


111   I  irsu.lit  Hi'.i  I'.      1. 


ol'.-l  a.-n; 


1;  l^ 


:u    Cl  1  t  lilt;  11 


lu'.ai^  li-i.iiilio  , 
ikf  ;  liir.-  .1'):)  .11  - 

;.;  ;  a  il  i  c  ou'y 
!  o-i  !i  .111   Ipi    ;ul- 


1.-     llUJliI-.US 


Ir.i:-.!  i!if  tuip-ror  A'.l':.i;i,  v  li  ■  1  ■;  u  Ir  ■ 
'■  tin  ll  llroyt-d  b-.  an  t.  iiMipa!- 1.  Ii  ll.i 
p'a'ii  in  a   in.rt.il  lo'iuin  ,  v.ill  wa; 


i(-    naiiii- 

■t   a.'ffi  It  lia  I 

ll    •  :i  I  hue 

■v  iivtib  .mil 


I 


h   t   lit-  .-  i;   I  V   ;i  i.ili 


lov  i;,  .u,-    ll  .lull'iil) 


III   11  t  II  ll.  1  hci  iiioiis,    Uiir.  I 


I'idi-.l  bv  loftV 


foui-.l.uii'i.      N\.i:-  the   hub 


i'...n.l    t.  f  iwiaj  .0,  u  , 
ill",  ,  .1   iiii'      iiil    \  1.. 


t.'i-  I'lit;;.'.:. 
toniaiii-  I  1 
nr>l.,u'.-   i3 


II  1-.  a  fill. ■•11   n  1) 

III  I  iii-'iiiilcr  nc- 


Uif. 


.  I. 


It  ihf  I'  .i|!  I 
11    A' 


■|  hi    hall 
.1 


.d 


■;  l.iit 

nil  till 


I!.'.- 1  '.I  :  o:  .. I. 


'1'"! 


Ill  I .  iiiii.iiii.t.i  I  PI 


U.  ii/.i. 

tl  .  bv  Chiil! 


.n-  of  th 


(iif.k  Li/iiin.'.iiiio.i,  .ui'l  lb  t!if  Ut-  "t  oiu  ot  thfir.iitli 
bill,,,;-. 

'i.Ji.poli  I.  .1  I  a  [1  il  town,  litaatf  on  iht  'I'luatiin 


-iitiloiuk 


lifl.OA"!  \   !•■" 

I,   Willi  I  iiir  111' 


itil  bv  the  I'.t-ijh'b. I',  ot  Riinic- 


-.11. lit    l.in.'i  u  b. 


11 


K-  . '  iiiiirv  1 


111   g,  Ik  l.ll,    ir.(;i:!)I    lIli'llS, 


but    I 


liis    lolll'j    kill 


s  .I'lLi/ini'li  in  liin-.li. -.  lit,  an. 


k    tl 


X't 


.r-ouiv.ib  111  tall! 


and  tontaiiib  a  t.w  iion  nunc,  am 


t..|..ii.j 


I  r    J     M.  .'). 


If  nioli ma  niluiiit       iii-'litiii.il  Ipiii 


to  tin;  i'ltat   u,  .tL 


j-h.i,  u-hi,.li  Hand     opji'liif 


III'.-  ifia.'h' 


1 1  ■■.111  .-.I 
'J 


r 
,  up  'n  an  i  iiiin-.-iu  ■ 


u-iiif  i; 


.Si 
ipd  plai 


;a,  a  [i  p-.ilou-  town  on  Hit  tiir.inc,  ib  Uit  pii 


I5ii 


till 


tit-  d  ■!cint  to  thf  I.  ,1  III'  r.. 


ll  rj  a,  I    i-i 


.1 


P 


1  ih.s   111  'li|i|..,  ot 


the  m  ill  lui  .Lb  ;:.  .rl.lc,  I  ;nt  ol  ihrtii  por]  liyi  v  an. I 
l.'Vpti.in  ^r..:ia'e;  .a  .|  li  c  whi.ie  buildiiu;,  is  |itu.-d  or 
isaiiik.iieJ  With  iii.irbif,  Btlnitb  ili;^  inoiink-  aii-  I'. - 
v.ral'U'ers  liulc  initno:-  i  1  .1,  'riulf,  mul  the  rell, 
li.ivc  uluallv  ll  Ipiiab,  an  1  eiv.hnvid  itli  mL,  bthmi!;- 
)•[!,  t  )  eath  .,1  ih.iii;  h.ut  nj  p-'.niiivi,  or  i:ii  u.cry  are 
lul!c;td  la  .my  ol  thcai,     Miie  .ut  Itvi-ial  (jr^tk'  and 


.^EiM  I A  111-  ili.-  rucr'  s.ivr 


and  I) 


iriui  •  on  tl'.e  nnrili. 


Ill  .'. ;.  i.ik  111  Itiu.'.th,  .mil  upwavdb  ot  1.0  in  lucadiii 
lion,  11.  nil  i>  louih.  The  lap-.t.d  iil\  i-.  Btl'^:,ra.lc, 
liiuau-'l  ,1,  ihe  I  oiitUiinti-  ot  the  D.mubi:  ,in.l  the  Sase. 
ll  Wi's  a  vtry  1  irj^e  and  important  plaie,  and  has  bien 
f-vcril  iiiiitb  i.ik  -1  .uid  rtiakin  by  ihe  Chi  iiliins  ami 
Turks.  Ii  u'.i ,  i..ktn  liy  [iiiii'i-  l-iu{i,ene  in  Aiii;ull, 
1J17,  and  kepi   till    lyji;,  when  it  was  ttdcd  to  the 

Turks. 


W 


i-  ^  A 


a.  fiF(V,K,\IMIY. 

litiv  i-.i  I'lMi'lc  111  iliisti  iintrv 

IvOik^,  .1    liiim'l  l.l\.l;',4    I,  V    , 

■,  ai.il  iiDUil  I  I  iluir   ..;•  |ii\, 
.ilii.in,  aiul    ilitir  n  !•  ;i.  a  i;,, 

,  li.\il)oiir,  and  a  nt.'Jrl.     'I',, 
w.iu  ;•  I  !ii  \Mu  IS  t.i' .  <ii|lv  |iii. 

K\\)    IS.llKUItl,    AIkI    lOIIUll.i 

iiblii    uiul^r  I'nc  I'roticiion  (. ; 

.1    I'liull,     I'lll   M<'1   luiilt    lov.ll, 

,  III  .V  «li  IciiiMu.  .iir,  li  t  i  ir- 
»u|  li.iri  1)111,  \Mtli  loii.tl  II. .1- 

il.llilc  tllilf, 


7  Li  li  k  v.  V    ,v    EURO  FT.. 

'1  ill)'  ,111.  ii'jw  in 


()     V     K. 


1  C.it'i'illi-,  r.ml  one  I.utlict  in 
,  'ir  I  li]!rii'ilii>nu',  \\ licit  hi '■!!.■ 
Ill,  |v  liill  [Uil  to  th'-  I'.'.mc  u'.- 
)■;  for  liiic  tilt  'I'liiks  tlirii.v 
;  till!  IptMl  at  I  In-  m.irk.  A: 
h  tl'.c-  i\l\\r  ot  livm,  or  r.iil:  r 
I', lull  li.illi  bcvii  l.ilcly  mMnl ; 
.11.  piil'oii. 

,\-  laitlt  (l,ui~  of  all  ng'.-.  :i;i.l 
•  iri-  j;cnci  illy  Clirillians ;  lui 
IV.'  a  I"'"'  'l'"''-'  *■''  li'.aiiM-, 
,cin  t'>  iiKti  i)t  li'^ur.  ,  tluA  .!■,.■ 
[1^-  by  tl'.iii-  maltcrN  ami  pn  - 
,  and  wl.ai.vii  ilk- may  imoiii- 

tills  I'tv,  imliiil;n<i  i.'aril',  :is 
at,  and  the  inh.i'  Hani  ■  i.\  <]- 
.p,  not  only  "•  Tiul^-,  I  II  .1 
and  it'itr  Clinllian^,  Aniii'ii- 

l>;agi:'.-  i''ien  niaki"   <!'i  >dt   ' 

ill  Aiit'i.ii.  i'''.\.  a  ii  t  bruUc- 

d   loA  ,;.!■•  ilk  iiaibour,  .ii 'i 

llk'I-,     .1  :    Ul     IO,00-'    lioul 
\  i:o..    :i:!'  pk-;il'a;it,  and  atloid 

titv  Ml  ilii-  I  nipi'i',  IS  abiuit 
Kiiii.-.  I:  i'.if'V(l  It'  nailK- 
.!!,  v'li  I  I., 'I  ii'lf  t  a.'tci  It  li;i  I 
tlAjLaVc.  It  lla;!'!  '  ;i  i  I.iiT 
i\ ,  well  wail  ud  by  nvtii  .nut 
. '.  I    M  li/a. 

(.d  il'iii  ,  by  Cl.'dlK  .nMjf  tiu- 
li  the  kc  "t  oiU'  ut  their  .iitli- 

towii.  I'.tuatc  uii  1:  e  'riuaiiin 


d  b\  tlie  lu-frjc; b.  s;  ot  Riimc- 
ic  l.mji  lo.  Tlic  '  '  viiiirx  i  , 
,  but  has  lome  Itllib'  Ijiot  , 
uniams  a  t-w  iion  mine-,  and 

ivn  on  lip.  Bo'.mc,  is  the  piin- 


vivr  and  Pir'nl  •  "li  tl:enonli. 
,ind  u|i\\ardh  ot  i.o  in  l.i'.-e.idni 
'he  lapit.d  eitv  i^  Bt.l'Ma,lc, 
■  ot  t!>e  I)..nubc  and  the  Sase. 
iiijioitant  |ilaie,  and  has  been 
retaken  l)y  the  Chi  idians  and 
i'y  i)'in<  e'  l'Aij;ene  in  Aiii^iill, 
jy,  \slicn  ii  was  ceded  to  the 
Tuiki, 


ruRorE.i 

I'uiks,  af'frr  tli-ir.olin/.ng  tl'.c  w.dl; 
jielKiliuii  of  .dl  Scuii. 

Bosnia  is  40  rurkilli  milr/ni  I  ie;tli,  15  iiiuiea  !th, 
tiiii  lonliils  ol'  J  laiifji.itlhu's,  iii'whuii  ^r^  il'vvi.il 
inconfidi table  tuii^ijj, 

\VAi,i.Ae!iiA,  fitii.itcd  totlie  I'oiitliof  MoliLivia, !'.  of 
a  tnat'ijiilar  ioriii,  llie  air  is  icrptratr,  and  th.  i,,  1 
I'riiutul.  Cattif  ahiiii.d,  uihI  «c(i  I  is  Icaief.  'J'ue 
whole  IS  welt  watcud.  Hi--  tf.abldhvd  religion  is  t!r- 
UrefU  thureh  ,  and  tlie  com. nun  ;•;  iiple  are  exreu  dy 
ignorant.  '1  lie  waywdc,  prtnc,  delj-or,  or  holpocbu 
wl  Wall  11  hi;),  IS  .1  \:iird  ol  th-  IH  oniaii  I'orte,  p.iymi', 
a  ycatly  tiiluiti,  a-:il  tum.ili  n-  aoody  of  in  i.>[)^  in  till- 
ot  wai.  1  lie  pi..uipal  pl.ie  s  .irc  'I'cive;,  the  i.apital, 
on  the  river  Jal.iiin/,  60  mili-s  north  of  the  Daimbe, 
which  has  a  tol- r.ible  ir.id.-,  with  I'o'r.e  fu,  ii'ie.iMons  j 
and  lUickerrd,  a  itron-;  town,  and  arehbilhop's  le  , 
40  mile:,  1101 1  I  of  the  IViniibe,  which  lu^  lb  .ic  ira!. , 
and  I  ■  tie  rdidence  0!  thj  waywode, 

Moldavia,  litiia-.ed  to  ihetall  of  riaiir)lva:iia,  it, 
in  i',e(uial|  a  barren  l^ut,  and  the  iiiliab.t.uits  ,krc  a 
ni;xtuit  oi  various  neigliljotiriii;^  nations.  ll.c|r,i)- 
cipal  place  is  JallV,  the  cip.ial,  ,uh\  lelidenee  ol'  ilic 
waywodc  ;  and  Cl.oc.im,  a  Ihoiifj  tuwii  on  tlic  NiilLi, 
iiCmT  'he  b'jrderbot   I'o  i.ilia, 

LI    1'  T  I,  !'•      r  A  li    r  A  K  V. 

'X'lll    principal   parts  of  T.irtary  in  Kurope  a;  j  the 
tolluwinj^  : 

BnsiARAnt  \,  wl'ich  fiorderso-i  tlv  VA'cl:  Sea.  Thr 
iidiibitants  are  r.dled  White  llorli.s:  they  love  front 
place  t )  place,  alonj^;  rl.e  Nitller,  and  l.ve  on  the  fleih 
01  I'.orl'es,  oxin,  cheef-,  iiulk  ,  pai ticiilarly  that  of 
n'3rc%  6:  The  chief  place  ii  Bender,  which,  in  thr 
Tnrkilh  lat'^iia';,e,  iLn'lies  a  ftrnnj:  pal'..  Tt  wai  here 
that  Cliarlc.  Xli.  of  :>wede;i,  rcfuled  after  hii  dcf'e.it  ac 
I'likowa. 

Bl'oziac  Taktaky  is  ii.h.ib  ted  only  n-ar  tiie  (ci, 
and  alon^  the  iiaiiksot  the  river.  Oc!.,:akow,  t!.e  chief 
J  lace,  lituated  at  ihe  ii,tlu.\  of  the  Nieperinti  the 
lihukSr.i,  :s  very  lirong.  Not.vitlilhindiiii.',  the  force 
of  Koflia  has  rcpeateilly  been  direded  again. t  ii,  tlic 
Turks  iiill  con'iiiue  mal'teri>  of  it. 

G     U     1'.     1'.    C     1:. 

'THIS  coontiy,  wirli  rr:'pect  to  arms  and  aif,  was 
once  t!ie  iiu  It  celebiated  in  die  woild.  It  is  litu- 
ated to  thi  norrh  of  the  Mediieiranean,  heiiii^  400  miles 
in  length,  .md  240  in  breadth.  The  .lii  is  temjierate, 
but  tliicliiating  i  the  foil  fruitful,  but  iinciiltivateii ;  an  1 
the  relij^ioii  ChriUi.:n;ty,  but  iicxcd  with  liiiitrllition. 
lite  provinces  arc 

Macidom  \,  (Ittiated  totlie  weft  of  the  j\rc!iipola;^o. 
It  has  a  liiarp,  clear,  and  wholelbme  air,  and  prrdtics 
rori  ,  v.ine,  and  oil.  It  is  well  watered,  but  inoon- 
taiiious.  'I'heonly  confulerable  pine  is  the  town  call- 
ed Karai%  tlie  reruieiice  of  the  Tiirkifli  a.-a. 

Saloiiicl'.t,  or  TlelValcnica,  i.Iitmte  at  the  b  itroni 
of  a  bay  cf  ilv  l'!;e.m  Sea.  FTere.Sr.  I'anl  prca'ii-i!, 
ar.d  we  hv.'e  llill  ivo  if  Lis  epinic^,  written  10  the 
Thedaloi.iiiis.  it  is  a  [  opulous  town,  .iiid  his  a  good 
forcirn  tr.ide. 

Ai.ii\MA,  com]  r.-'icndinp;  Illyri  •um  and  l''|)iru.s  is 
fitiMted  to  the  ealt  of  t' c  ;'aili  h  of  Venice,  Ixiic;  1..  1 
miles  long,  antl  96  l)ioad.  I  he  toil  is  Uriile,  bur  l.u  c 
culivate.l  ;  and  the  iiili  ibitanis  robull,  hut  i;j;noraiit. 
'Ihe  principal  places  are  Scutaii,  which  larrici  on  a 
copfi-.lerable  tr.ide;  and  Durazzo,  which  has  a  iu)od 
harbour  ami  (  aille. 

1  he  dillricl    called    l/iwir    Albania,  or   Tpiri  s,   i-; 
fiuitlul,  and   the    inhabitaiiis  are   will  aii.ipted   lor  a 
ni.lit.iiv  hie.     Thetuttiisare  tuiaily  decayed. 
No.  8j. 


poj; 


Thim.v,  now  .T^NNA,  i<  h'tin-Ied  bv  Marrdni 
oiit,.eiiortl ,  bv  the  Aiilii|ela(!tj' n  thera ',  bv  Aclaa 
on  ti,e  lou'i;,  ai,d  I'piiii^  on  tl.'e  welt,  l  he  .  Iiaf  rnv*n 
I'.  LarilTa,  t*ult(i  be  thf  birth  |  lace  t  f  AiM'''  ,  PI. dip, 
ilie  tai,.u  of  y\!ix.ind>i  the  Gieat,  rrfi  ieci  t-ere.  It 
.ran  c-  on  a  r<  nrul.  rable  trad  ,  and  i  ■■  \  ie.ilantly  fitvafed 
on  the  liver  I'ein  ir. 


1  ,iv  .1.1  ,  f.irm  ily  At  ,1  •  lA.iif'uitfel  tliM't-di  moiin- 
tainou:,  I'l  tv;  v.vU  v.a;  re.l.  11.^  [  nrt  i]  .  |  |'.!.,ce, 
Sei.iiiic.,  t,  e  iimie  .1  Athers,  fituated  near  the  bty  cf 
I . :1.0a,  iiaiidn  alii.oll  in  tlje  middle  of  a  pi  .in,  b.-'n^i-  a 
b..ri  n,  bu.  hcatth  id  to. I,  the  liver  IMI  is  .dn.oll  lu'r- 
lutiikhn;',  it. 

Aiheiis,  omeM'n.iwned  fisthefeit  ot  the  arts  and 
I.  lenits,  IS  ili|l  ,1  li.urii  of  tlie    noil  mai;niticent  and 
iritbiaied  aiiiui. lilies  in  the  WntI '.     Amonj^  thck- are 
the  icinaiiis  01  ili.-   ten  p!e  ot  Minerva,      theanhi- 
i.avei,  aiiornulwith  batK-idievos, admirably  executed, 
ici  letcnt  iiy  the  war*  of  liie  Atn  mans,     lo   hefiuth- 
ead  ot  tlic  cuad.  I  *re  17  in-aind'ul  columns  of  the  C"o- 
iinthian  Older,  tlioiij/.t  to  bs  the  remains  of  tie  cm- 
i-U'-r  .'\d,un's  palace,  juil  wi.hout  the  ci7  tiaiu'j  the 
ttiii,dc  ol    I  licku,.   On  I 'c  out 'de  of  the  portico,  are 
rv(  iclciuul  tile  lei'ts  of  1  bef  us.   On  the  loirh  veil  of 
.\.1mu  u   a  be.iUt  Ui!  Ilruaure,  lomiioalv  called  the 
la  tliorii  (,l  Deiindliie.  es.     On  tlie  frieze  are  bei.uri- 
ti.hy  upitilntekl  the  Labours  of  Hercules.     Here  are 
alio  to  be  hen  the  temple  of  the  winds,  the  remains  of 
the  theatre  ot  Bacchus,  of  ihi;  iiiagMi*icei.t  .uiueduft  of 
the  eiiij"  lor  Aiirian,  "f  liie  temples  of  Jujiter  Olyiii- 
pifs  ar.d  Auij,uitu..,  and  id'  iiverai  otlier  noble  tlrucUires. 
l.epanto,   the  anc.eiit  N.mp.icius,   isuun.;unded  bv 
Iniiltul    !ii.lds   and    vi-,eyard>,    pio.lucimj;    corn,    ric..-, 
fihves,  oranges,  lemon  ,  aii.l  citrons,  in  irear  |  "•ny. 
Ihcwiiic  IS  clleen  ed  the  bell  in  Greece.     iN'c.ir  the 
eniranee  of  ihe   bay   the  Veiieti.ir.s,  and  tlicir  alli.s, 
comii.anded  by  IKm  Julin  of  Aullria,  natural  Ion  of 
Uuiles  V.  obtained  a  coivpitat  caval  viaoiy  ever  ths 
'lurks,  in  ihe  ye.ir  1571. 

Lavadia,  lituated  on  the  ^Milpli  of  Lepanto,  i'3  a 
li.piloi,.  trading  town,  inhabited  by  I'urks  and 
Cjixc  ks. 

riie  l>ti.oi.oNNF.scb,or  MouEA.i.a  larye  peninfula, 
lOined  10  Cuccce  by  the  itlhmiis  of  Corinth.  It  is  120 
n.iles  Ion,;,  and  155  broad,  tolerably  fertile,  except  in 
the  mountainous  parts,  and,  1:1  grnei  I,  well  watered. 
The  prin>  ip.d  places  arc 

Coriiuh,  tile  modern  Geraire,  fuua'ed  befwern 
i.ic  bays  of  l^cpanto  anil  b'ngria,  51  niles  will  of 
Athens.  '1  he  buildings  are  not  now  contiguous,  but 
intermixed  with  fields  aiu!  gardens,  which  make  it 
look  like  a  village.  The  caUle  is  lituated  on  a  high 
rteep  ro^  k  above  it,  of  very  liifficiilt  acccfs.  The  coun- 
tiy  about  it  abounds  witli  corn,  wine,  and  oil.  From 
t!ie  callle  tin  re  is  one  of  the  tintll  piolpecls  in  the 
world,  having  the  fea  in  full  view  on  the  cad  and  well, 
and  a  fine  country  north  and  Ibinh.  The  narroweft 
part  ot  th  '  itlhmus  is  about  lix  miles  over. 

I'atras,  eii^ht  miles  well  of  Corintii,  is  tlv.'  fee  of  an 
archbifliop.  t'oi-,v„  riy  contained  a  tt  iii[)le  of  Diana,  and 
i.  at  prel.-;.:  ..  p'.ue  of  fome  trade.  LaceJcmon,  or 
Sparta,  ;■  .v.'  named  Midr. ,  is  famous  for  a  code  of 
laws  '. ej;  ived  from  Lyc'ir.y.is. 

Nr.i  o'.i  I'.i  Uomana  i.s  ;.  i'ii>ng  town,  witli  a  good 
har.'etir,  and  a  confidcral-'..  <'.\iie. 

C)i  ci'.pia,  now  Lan(..,.i,iei :,  once  famous  tor  the  games 
celeiMiu-d  on  ;!ie  iieiidiboui  ri.g  plains,  eveiy  tilth  year, 
troiii  ■.\lience  ti.ir  lO.iipucation  of  time  bv  Obnipiads 
took  ''5.  rife,  is  no.v  an  ie.conliderable  place. 

In  (<ur  iiirvey  of  Aliatic  Turkey  we  have  given  an 
ample  account  of  the  cliarader,  cuftoms,  nvdiners,  &c. 
of  the  'i  inks  in  gentral ;  an<l  .is  thole  of  I  urope  dit"- 
fer  in  no  rlVeniial  points,  we  h  ive  only  to  refer  the 
leader  to  tiie  fame  as  (oi.iained  in  the  iirll  volume  ol 
our  work. 


10  U 


C  II  A  i\ 


9o6 


A  NEW,  ROYAL  f.rto  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  or  UNIVERSAL  GFOGRAPII Y. 


CHAP.       XX. 
EUROPEAN      ISLANDS. 


1 1  e  i^ 


'J'  '4 


t. 


I    C     E    L    A     N     n. 

THIS  inaml,  which  receivfd  its  n.ime  frum  the 
grcac  mafTfs  of  ire  that  are  (>fn  neir  ir,  is 
fituateil  in  the  Atlantic  Orean,  betwten  67  .intii)ii  dig. 
north  lat.  and  between  10  and  i6(i'g.  well  long.  It 
is  about  400  miles  in  ien  1,  and  150  in  breadth.  For 
two  months  together  the  ("un  n'ver  lets ;  and  in  the 
winter  it  never  nf  s  for  the  fame  fpace,  ar  Kail  no  en- 
tirely. The  greati-r  part  of  th  ■  iflind  is  nioiintainnvis, 
ftoney,  and  barren  ;  but  in  lume  pi  ics  rlicre  are  excel- 
lent palh:res,  and  the  grals  has  a  fine  f<ent.  Thi'  ice, 
which  gets  loofe  from  the  more  northern  country  in 
May,  brings  with  it  a  Urrre  quantity  of  wood,  and  fe- 
veral  animals,  fuchas  foxes,  wolves,  and  bears. 

The  whole  country  is  vvcll  watered  with  large  and 
fmall  rivers,  that  llow  from  the  mountains;  briidrs  ri- 
vulets and  large  lakes,  all  of  which  abound  with  excel- 
lent tifh.  'Ihere  are  no  forces  in  any  part  of  the 
ifland  i  but  this  defeft  is  in  a  great  meafure  coinpen- 
fared  bv  large  quantities  of  fine  timber,  that  come 
floatin.'  afliorc  in  liiftVrenr  parts  of  the  fea-coalt. 

Vr'.th  refpect  to  the  nati;ial  p:odu(itions  of  this 
illand,  fuch  as  quadruprdr,  birds,  inlct'ts,  and  fifh,  they 
are  fo  much  alike  with  thofe  of  Norwav,  (ireenJand, 
&f.  that  then  defcr-i  ti  ;ns  m.Ay  be  foun.i  by  referring 
back  to  the  natural  hillory  of  thole  countries. 

The  ir.olt  rcm.'.rkab!e  p'.xnomena  fur  whi  h  this 
ifland  is  famous  are  the  mountains,  leveral  o(  whxh 
are  exceeding  loftv,  and  always  covered  with  icl-  and 
fnow.  In  t!ie  vallies  between  them  the  inhabitants 
live;  and  iii  thole  near  tlie  coall  are  plains  covered  with 
verdure.  But  notwithftandiiig  the  amazing  coiiincfsof 
this  ifland,  earthquakes  and  volcanos  have  been  more 
known  ht,e  than  in  many  countries  in  much  warirer 
i-limares.  Mount  1  lecla  is  the  inoft  noted  mounrain, 
and  is  a  volcano,  which  fometimes  throws  out  lul- 
phurous  torrents.  The  lafc  eruption  of  this  moun- 
tain happened  in  1766.  It  began  on  the  5th  of  April, 
nnd  continnetl  to  the  7th  of  .September  following. 
Among  the  curiofities  of  Iceland,  none  are  more 
wortliy  of  attention,  than  the  hot  lp,outing  water  fprings 
witii  wliich  this  idand  abounds.  Some  of  thel'e  fpnngs 
fpout  colunins  of  water,  of  feveral  feet  in  thicknifs,  to 
the  height  of  many  fathom";.  Thefe  fprings  are  of  un- 
equal degrees  of  heat.  The  cows  that  drink  of  the 
cooler  fprings  yield  ?n  extraordinary  quantitv  of  milk. 
Thty  are  ajlo  deemed  falutary  to  the  hinnan  fpecics. 

Stones  of  various  colours  are  found  in  this  country, 
but  no  marble.  It  likewife  produces  a  kind  of  chrvfta', 
a  largi*  quantity  of  pumice-ftones,  and,  near  the  vol- 
cano' two  forts  of  agate.  It  is  rich  in  minerals,  though 
thtie  ue  no  mines  wo''scd  in  the  country.  The  prin- 
cipal article  of  this  idand  is  fulphur. 

The  Kelander^  are,  in  general,  well  made,  and  pof- 
fel's  a  coi -fulerable  flia  e  of  bo<lily  Itrcngth  ,  though 
they  fel.ioin  live  to  a  very  ohi  age.  In  general  thev 
arelcjbei,  hoiull,  docile,  and  indultrious  ;  but,  like  all 
(Jtheis  who  dwell  ;n  cold  countries,  thf-y  are  fond  of 
drinkins;  Ipiriiuous  liquors.  Tney  are  I'ubjert  to  v.i- 
rious  dilbtd.rs,  particul,\rlv  the  rhumatil.ii,  (•  vert, 
adhm.i,  and  coniiimpiion  i  but  the  leproly,  or  rathei 
a  kind  cf  hereditary  fcuivy.  is  the  prevailing  d.leale. 
Their  chief  employment  is  lifliing,  to  whuh  they 
biiiig  up  tluir  children  as  foon  as  thcv  have  Itrt-ngth 
rnough  to  low  a  boat  I'he  drrl's  both  of  the  men  .ind 
women  is  n;uch  the  fame  .is  that  wcrn  by  the  Nurwe- 
giHns.  'I  he  men,  in  ftlhing,  wear  a  garment  of  Ihei-p- 
lk;n  over  tlitir  cloail«,  and  this  they  frequently  Ibficn 
[.;■  rubhnf'  it  over  witii  lifli  Iver. 


The  houfes  in  Iceland  nearly  refcmble  tliofe  ol 
Norw.iy  i  with  this  dilTerence,  that  as  they  are  not  fo 
well  "upplied  with  timber,  they  in;'.ivr  more  ule  of 
Hones,  turf,  and  mud-walls,  'llie  Deter  fort  poflefs 
tolerable  houfes,  v/ell  furniflied.  The  .-oofs  are  cither 
boarded  or  thatched,  and  their  walls  are  tluck  and 
warm. 

The  Icelanders  arc  remarkably  ingenious  and  docile. 
The  countrv  noi  only  affords  a  great  number  of  able 
boatcar})erters,  and  handicrafifiiun,  but  has  likewile 
pro  !  ^i^d  men  of  foire  learning.  As  there  are  no 
y  olio  fchools  in  the  rountiy,  the  children  are  tai|"ht 
to  read,  nnd  inlbu.^cd  in  the  artiks  of  rcligion.'at 
home,  by  t'.'ir  parents,  or  by  the  ininifters  of  the 
diflerent  panlhes,  in  the  rourfc  of  their  vifitations. 
They  do  not  reckon  time  by  the  cldck  or  iuiur,  but 
take  their  ohiVrv.ition'.  from  the  t'wn,  (lars,  or  tide,  and 
parrel  out  the  d:iy  into  diiierent  divifiou'-,  ea-h  of 
which  has  its  ow,i  ippellation  ;  fuch  midnight,  t,  • 
l:ght,  broiid-day,  forenoon,  nooo,  afternoon,  -.vening, 
mid-evening,  \'c. 

As  the  inhabitants  of  this  ifland  were  originally  a 
colony  from  Norway,  tlu-y  Hill  fpeak  the  old  Norwe- 
gian dialed.  TheLiitheian  is  the  only  religion  hrre 
toler.it'  d.  The  country  is  divided  into  two  bifhoprlcs; 
nau-.cly,  the  fee  of  Skalliolt  for  the-  foi.th,  and  tliat  of 
Iloalum  for  the  nor;h.  The  clergy  here  have  no 
tythes  i  but  lome  fmall  dues  ar.-  paiii  to  them  either  in 
merchandize  or  money.  The  churches  are,  in  general, 
low,  and  but  indifferently  decorated  ;  nt.erihelels  tiiey 
are  clean,  decent,  and  coiun, odious. 

Tiie  Icelanders  are  ruled  by  a  governor,  called  Siaffs- 
nmptmand,  or  rather  by  his  deput\',  t  e  Amptmand. 
The  former  is  generally  chofen  by  :he  ki.ig  from  th.e 
Danilh  nobility,  and  refides  at  Copenh.tg'-n  ;  but  the 
latter  lives  in  Iceland,  at  the  king's  palace  of  RefTelled, 
on  a  falary  of  4C0  rix-dolkirs  per  annum.  I  lis  majefty 
likewife  appoints  a  receiver,  who  collects  ;!ll  the  taxes 
and  revenues,  and  tranfmits  th»ni  to  the  treafury.  Be- 
fkles  the  ilew.irds,  there  are  Sylfeiinen,  who  f..rm  the 
king's  taxes  in  certain  diftricis,  and  aft  as  iullices  of 
the  peace,  eai  h  within  his  own  province.  The  king's 
revenues  arile  from  taxes  and  dues,  an  annual  fimi 
payed  by  the  company  of  merchants,  feculanzcd  ab- 
bey lands,  and  other  royal  dcmcfnes  farmed  out  to  the 
natives. 

Liw  fuits,  in  fpiritual  matters,  or  ronrerning  free- 
hold property,  are  determined  by  t!.e  Norwegian  lawsj 
but  in  every  dilpute  relative  to  inciiii  and  luum,  the  old 
Iceland  laws  take  jilace.  There  is  no  other  legal  me- 
thod of  punilhing  men  with  death  than  beheading,  or 
hanging.  The  women,  con.icr.incd  to  die,  arc  fewed 
in  a  lack  and  drowned. 

With  relpedt  to  the  commerce  of  this  ifland,  its  cx- 
[;oris  confill  of  dried  fifh,  fair  meat,  butter,  tallow, 
train-o'l,  coarle  woollen  cloth,  (loci-  ngs,  gloves,  raw 
wool,  Ihce[)-lkir:s,  limi)(kins,  fov  furs,  edJer  down, 
and  feathers.  The  niiports  au:  tiinbci,  tillimg  lines 
and  hooks,  toba' co,  bread,  horfe  fliois,  brandy,  wme, 
fait,  linen,  fiik,  and  a  few  other  i.ecellanes,  as  well  ns 
l»:pfiHuities  for  the  better  fort. 

The  whole  trade  of  Iceland  is  engiollcd  by  a  mono- 
poly of  Danes,  indulged  v/ith  an  cxclufive  charter. 
This  company  maintains  f,i(ftories  at  all  the  haibours 
in  the  idand,  where  they  exchange  the  foreign  goods 
for  the  itK-rchandi/e  of  the  county;  and  as  the  ba- 
lance is  in  favour  of  the  Icei/.ndi  rs,  they  pay  the  over- 
plus in  D.inifli  money,  which  is  the  only  current  coin  in 
this  ill '.id.  The  weights  and  meafures  here  are  nearly 
the  i-iT.e  with  thofe  u'eJ  in  Denmark. 

GREAT 


:| 


■    'I  ; 


FOGRAI'IIY. 


D  S. 


nearly  refemble  tliofe  oi 
ce,  that  as  they  arc  not  fo 
,  they  m}k''.  more  ufe  of 
>.  'I'lie  Ofter  fort  polTdj 
flieil.      rhc  /oofs  arc  citlicr 

thtir  walls  are  thick  and 

rkably  ingenious  and  docile, 
rds  a  {2,rcat  number  of  able 
:rarifincn,  but  lias  like  wife 
earning.  As  there  are  no 
tiy,  the  children  arc  tauj^lic 
the  atti  Its  of  religion,  at 
ir  by  the  ininilfcrs  of  the 
roiirfc  of  their  vifitation'i. 
by  the  cl<jck  or  iiour,  but 
11  the  fiu),  flats,  or  tide,  and 
Jiii'erent  tlivifions,  ea'"h  of 
ion  ;  fuch  midnight,  t.  • 
,  noo.i,   atfccrnoon,  '.  vcning, 

lis  ifland  were  originally  a 
Hill  fpeak  the  old  Norwe- 
an  is  the  only  religion  here 
divided  into  two  bifhoprics; 
It  for  the  foi.th,  and  that  of 
The  clergy  here  have  no 
cs  are  paid  to  them  either  in 
rhe  churches  are,  in  general, 
lecorated  ;  nt.erthelefs  siicy 
in, odious. 

by  a  governor,  called  Siaffs- 
lis  dipvitv,  t'  e  Amptinand. 
iofi;n  by  'he  ki.ig  from  tl.e 
(S  at  Copenhagf-n  ;  but  the 
le  king's  pala<  e  of  RefTell^cd, 
irs  pi-r  annum.  1  lis  riiajefly 
r,  wiu)  toi|c6ts  -.'.11  the  taxes 
s  th-^oi  to  the  treailiry.  Be- 
e  Syireunen,  who  t.irin  the 
tricls,  and  aft  as  iullices  of 
own  province.  The  king's 
and  dues,  an  annual  funi 
incrchants,  fcculan.Hil  ah- 
I  dcnicfncb  farmed  out  to  the 

natters,  or  concerning  free- 
ned  by  t!.e  Norwegian  Liwsj 
e  to  meuiii  and  luu»i,  the  old 
riiere  is  no  other  legal  nie- 
:h  death  than  beheading,  or 
ondcr.ined  to  die,  art  fewed 

irn'.TCc  of  this  iOand,  irs  ex- 
,  Ult  meat,  butter,  t.dlovs, 
:loth,  (lockings,  gloves,  raw 
<ins,  foy  furs,  edder-tiown, 
ts  arc  timber,  fillung  lines 
I,  hnrl'c  fltois,  brandy,  wmc, 

other  i.ecellaries,  as  well  as 
■  lort. 
l.intl  IS  engioired  by  a  mono- 

v/ith  an  exclufive    charter. 

fadories  at  all  the  haibours 
exchange  the  foreign  good^ 
he  count- y  ;  and  as  die   ba- 

eh-.ndi  rs,  they  pay  the  over- 
ich  is  the  only  cunent  coin  in 
and  mcafures  here  are  nearly 
n  Denmark. 

GREAT 


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s. 


,-•••  :r:  <. 

X 

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i: 

1    ": 

'^:K  '^'■s/' 

V 

«    i 

rf^^y^^^ 

/■ 

:'Vf 

•'S^ik 

» 

V    ' 

;  ?!i\ 

\ 

.^'^A, 

EUROPE.] 


EUROPEAN    Islands, 


GREAT      BRITAIN. 

THIS  ifi.inci,  known  by  the  general  n.^.meof  Grcnt 
Britain,  is  not  only  the  largcil  in  Europe,  but 
one  of  the  moll  poinilous,  lich,  and  fruitful.  It  in- 
cludes England,  Wales,  and  Scotland,  the  latter 
having  been  united  to  the  fnrmer  in  170-^.  Great  Bri- 
tain is  ii'iiated  between  50  and  59  dec;,  of  h  lat.  and 
between  i  dej;,  4:  min.  and  6  dt  g.  lof  s  length 
is  about  6:5  miles,  and  its  utinoll  breadt       _j. 

We  fliall  treat  of  (irear  Britain  und^r  two  dlftinft 
heads.  South  and  North;  die  former  comprehending 
England  and  Wales,  the  latter  Scotland. 

SOUTH        B    R     1    r    A    I    N. 


S  E  C  T  I  O  N     I. 


N 


N      D. 


BiUihlaries,  Siluatkn,  Climate,  Soil,  Mountains,  Fo- 
rejli,  RiveiSy  Mfiliiinnl  Sprinj^s,  yeget able  ana  Ani- 
mal  Vrviluiliom,  (jfc. 

THIS  kingdom  is  bounded  oa  ilie  north  by  Scnt- 
l.uid,  oa  the  calt^  iiy  the  Gerui.in  Ocean,  on  the 
fouih  by  the  Englifli  Channel,  and  on  the  weft  bv  the 
Iriih  Sea. 

England,  from  its  fituation,  is  liable  to  great  un- 
certainty of  weather.  The  climate,  however,  is  fir 
preferable  to  that  of  any  part  of  the  continent  near  the 
fame  latitude,  the  fummers  being  neither  fo  hit,  nor 
."he  winters  fo  uoid.  The  air,  in  many  places,  is  fiili- 
jei-'l  to  vapours;  but  thefe  vapours  no'.iiilh  the  vege- 
table fyftem,  and,  by  that  means,  pro, lure  good  ef- 
leds.  L'pon  the  whole,  the  air  is  healthy,  the  foil  fer- 
tile, the  face  uf  the  country  beautifully  diverfified,  the 
profpeif^s  admirable,  and  the  iantls  well  cultivated. 

England,  except  in  a  few  places,  exhibits  to  the  view 
an  enchanting  variety  of  gently  fwflling  hills,  level 
plains,  torn  fields,  meadow  grounds,  wood  and  water, 
intermingled  in  the  trofl  agreeable  manner.  The  cliani- 
pain  countiv  is  parcelled  out  into  beauteous  eriilolu'es, 
furrou:ided  with  quick -let  hedges,  uitermixed  with 
Oarely  oaks  and  elms,  'l  he  I'ariu  houfcs,  fcarteretl 
nliDUt  in  great  numbers  all  over  the  (.\ce  of  the  kin';- 
<lom,  app-ar large,  neat,  and  convenient,  in  t!ie  midll 
of  their  otiiies  or  oiit-houlVs.  The  uncultivated  part 
o'  the  '.jnnind  is  cloathed  with  a  perpetual  verdure;  anrl 
the  lands,  in  general,  difplay  the  pfrfcdtioii  of  agri- 
culture. The  fears  of  noblemen  and  gentlemen  rife 
like  enchanted  caftles  on  every  hand.  Fop/ulous  vil- 
lai'es,  thriving  towns,  and  tlourilh'ng  cities,  abound 
ni"  every  part  of  the  kioidom,  which  excels  all  the 
il.itcs  ot  t.urjpc  in  beauty,  opulence,  and  cultiva- 
tion. 

The  moll  nnted  mount.iins  in  England  are,  the 
I'eak  in  De'bylhire,  the  Wreken  in  Shr')]yfliire,  the 
Fndie  in  l.ancalhire,  the  \\  olds  in  Yoikfl.iie,  and  tiie 
Cheviot  Hills  on  th.e  borilers  of  Scotland. 

The  rcmekable  forelh  are  chole  of  \VinJli>r,  Ep.. 
pin(».  Dean,  Shtrwc>j>l,  and  that  called  New  loreft. 
The  pr.ndpal  riverv  are  the  Th  lines,  the  noblell 
perhaps  in  the  world;  the  Sivern,  the  Med  way,  the 
'I'renr,  the  Tyne,  the  .\von,  and  the  Huinber,  be- 
fides  f'veral  others  of  Ids  note.  The  bridges  over  the 
Tha.nes  at  Welfr.inlter  and  Blick  friars,  for  com- 
:,„)dioufriel's,  architciluie,  and  wo  kmanfhip,  Hand  un- 
jnirallelel.  Th'-  rivers,  in  ;_'en<r,d,  not  oid\  iertilixe 
the  ground,  bt't  conduce  10  the  impiovenienc  of  com- 
nv-r^e. 

1  0  eimnvrate  the  medii  i  A  firings  would  be  neeii 
lefs;  fufliee  It,  therefore,  to  oblerve,  ih.it  thi  prinrij.1l 
are  tho!e  oi  Hath,  Hiixton,  (.  heltenham,  Hiilwiih, 
Epfiiii,  HarrtwfMite,  and  Scnrh'irough,  ejirh  of  which 
hivc  bteii  reiomiTiended  by  the  faculty  for  <h>',i  fp''  I'ac 
qnaluKS. 


907 

Of  minerals,  England  produces  tin,  lead,  copper, 
and  iron.  The  pits,  in  the  norihern  parts,  furnilh  im- 
menfe  quantities  of  coals.  Other  places  produce  much 
allum  and  fait;  and  tliere  is  abundance  of  fuller's 
eartli,  which  is  of  the  utmoft:  importance  in  tlie  cloth 
manufae'tory. 

England  products  corn,  not  onlv  fufficient  for  the 
inhabitants,  but  to  hiing  in  large  funis  of  money  froni 
the  exports.  It  is  drticuU  to  al'ceitain  the  quartities  oi 
barley,  rye,  peas,  beans,  vetcl.es,  oars,  and  ot'.cr  grain, 
that  grow  in  the  kingdom.  The  moll  uninfonned 
re;ider  cannot  be  ignor.int  that  the  moft  excellent  fruits, 
as  apples,  pears,  plumbs,  cherries,  peaches,  a'Ticots, 
neftarincs,  currants,  goofeberries,  &( .  abound  here, 
nor  that  great  quantities  of  cyder  aid  pv'rry  are  made 
ii  fome  cnunties,  particularly  th(.ill-  of  Devon  and 
Hereford.  Our  kitchen  gardens  are  flocked  \vi:h  all 
forts  of  greens,  roots,  and  I'allads.  Wood  for  dying 
is  cultivated  in  Bucks  and  Bcdfordlliirej  and  in  inanV 
parts  is  clover,  cinquefoil,  trefoil,  and  other  melior.i- 
tinggraffes  for  the  loil.  It  is  the  province  of  a  botanill 
to  recm:nt  the  various  kinds  of  ufefiil  and  fakitnrv  herb% 
llirub^,  antl  roots,  that  grow  in  diilerent  parts.  The 
loil  of  Kent,  EU'ex,  Surry,  and  Hamplliire,  is  moll 
fivouiabU  to  the  culture  of  hop>,  which  is  beci  m.."  a 
confider.ible  article  of  tr.idc.  I'h,;  timber  is  various 
and  excellent. 

The  F.nglifli  oxen  are  large  and  fat,  and  the  beef 
has  a  delicious  flavor,  'lie  iheep  are  large,  and  even 
more  valuable  for  tlieir  fleec  thin  their  f efli,  as  vail 
numbers  of  fleeces  are  annuidly  ftiorn  and  manuf.idured 
in  the  kingdom.  The  hortcs  foi  the  faddle  and  chact 
are  finely  proportioned,  and  full  of  mettle;  ttiofe  for 
draught  are  amazingly  llrong  ;  anrt  the  war  liorfes  have 
th.e  greatell  fj/irit  imaginable.  Among  the  animals  pe- 
culiar to  England  we  mull  noi  omit  mentioning  the 
mallilfs  and  bull  dog":,  whofc  Ipi^'t  is  fo  great  that  thev 
will  lingly  attack  any  animal  wha'ever.  But  it  m';ll 
be  remembered  that  this  furprizing  Ibirit  degenerates 
when  they  are  tranfported  to  any  other  co  intry. 

Tame  fowls  are  prettv  much  the  fame  in  Engl  ind  as 
in  orher  countries,  and  there  is  plenty  and  variety  of 
wildfowl.  The  feathiTed  (h')ir  is  alfo  numerous;  and 
wliether  we  refpedl  the  grarificition  of  the  pal.ire  or  the 
tar,  each  is  amply  provided  for.  We  fhall  only  add 
th.it  the  Engiilli  game  cock  is  remarkable  fir  his 
courage,  buf,  like  the  malfilf  and  bull  dog,  degene- 
rates if  carried  to  any  other  countrv. 

lew  countries  are  better  fupplied  than  England  with 
river  and  lea  fifh.  Of  the  fcrmer  are  falmon,  trout, 
pike,  percli,  carp,  tench,  flounders,  fmelts,  ^c. 
There  is  a  delicate  lake  fifh  called  char.  The  chief 
lea  tilh  are  cod,  haddock,  muckarel,  whiting,  her- 
iings,  Ikaite,  ibles,  plaife,  lice.  The  John  Dorv, 
found  towatds  the  wellern  c£)all.  is  reckoned  a  great 
delicacy,  as  i.^  the  red  mullet.  As  to  lliell  fiHi,  there 
are  loblkcrs,  oyflers,  mufcles,  cockles,  ike.  The  bell 
lifh  that  comes  to  the  tables  of  the  gic.it  in  E  mdon  is 
tlieturbot,  l<)ld  to  the  Englilli  by  the  Dutch,  wlio  take 
them  u[)on  the  I'.iiiJlilli  coalt.  .Attempts  have  been 
11  ade  to  carrv  on  a  tiflierv  for  that  Ipeeies,  but  tliev  have 
hitherto  prove<l  abortive. 

With  iefpe,^l  to  reptiles,  fuch  as  adders,  vipers, 
fnakes,  and  worms ;  and  infeifl^,  fuch  as  ants,  gnats, 
wal'ps,  and  flits,  England  is  pelleted  v  ith  them  as  will 
as  other  p.irts  of  Europe. 

S  K  C  T  I  O  N     II. 

CiUii!  Divt/ioiis  c/  England.     Dcfcriftions  cf  :he  Coioi' 
(lis  includtd  in  ca.b  Drj-fio.!. 

W^l'^'N  the  Romans  added  E  >:land  to  their 
\^V  other  provinces,  rhcy  divided  it  into  three 
part-^.  The  Saxons  .iftei  wards  erecled  fevcn  kingdoms 
111  ir,  under  the  title  of  the  Saxon  Heptarchy,  viz. 
il,  r- of  Kent,  South  s.*<ons,  F.iil  Angles,  Well  Sax- 
(;:;  .   '^'ot  hun;bfrl;v. ',  E*(l  S.ixons,  and  Merc;?. 

Sines, 


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A  NrW,  ROYAI.  AVI)  AUTHF.XTIC 


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Since  tac  N-ininn  inv.irioii  L'',ML;l.inil  h.'.r,  hot  n  oi- 
vuli,-  1  into  I  Mi:. tics,  a  I  fr'  lin  nu.r.licr  ot  wliicli,  i-x- 
ccj)i)ng  Mi.lvildvx  .mti  Ciielliiu-,  :;rf  coniprehcniUil  in 
lix  cirmiis,  or  ainui.il  pi.v  id's  ol  tli<-  iudj>rs,  liii  a  1- 
niiiiilU'rii-.g  iiitlice  to  tl.f  iiihiecls  whu  .iic  .u  a  liill.i  u-i- 
from  tlie  iMpitd.  '1  li' v  ate  as  fill.iu.  I  lu-  liniiiL- 
lirciiit,  the  Norfolk  circuit,  the  Oxt')ul  ( irciiit,  tli.' 
midland  c  r.nir,  tin.-  wrtUrn  c  runt,  and  the-  nditlnrii 
circuir.  L.ach  ol  thiMc  compielieiA's  a  c citain  n\i  n- 
bcr  ot'  coiintiis.  The  home  ciicir.is  mv  ]•  il'cx,  1  hrt- 
t'ord,  K(  ar,  Surrev,  .\n>.\  Siiili-x.  In  il;e  Nortolk,  lUicl.-, 
Bedfoidlli^if,  Huntm^donlhne,  I'.tnihrid^clliire,  Sm;- 
folk,  and  Nortol!;.  In  thi:  Oxi  )id,  Oxon,  B^rk;, 
GlourrlUrlltin,  WorcelUrlhire,  MonniHuilifliire,  He 
refordllnri,  Salo]',  a:id,  StahuirUhiie.  In  the  midland, 
Warwicklhif.',  I  ,iu:ci;ci;li:rf,  Derliyfnirr,  Notr;nf.'ha,n- 
fhiri',  1  ancoliillii'S  Ku'kiniilliTc,  and  Noitliampton- 
fh  ri-.  In  llu-  vvilltrn,  1  !.:.:ts  Wilts,  Dorreilliirf,  So- 
mtTlltfliire,  Dtvonlhire,  aa.l  Ccrn-valk  In  iIk'  nor- 
thern, ^'orkiliii'.",  t'u-  hil1i()]'ru'  ot  Diirluini,  Norihuni- 
herland,  L»nc.iiliiie,  Weitniorlaiid,  andCumlitfil.in  \.  In 
iMigiand  we  number  40  counties,  containing  25  ciMc, 
17 ;  liui  ii:;i-,  and  8  cir.quc-pons,  wliic!i  arc  llalt- 
in;s,  Dovtr,  Sandwicli,  Ilythe,  MouiacN .  K,  c,  \\  ;n- 
chiiU'a,  i,n\  Si.at  ird. 

SVc  tlia  1  now  enter  I'pTn  a  dd'cription  of  thefit'.ii- 
tion  of,  and  ihc  jvincijul  placis  in,  each  county. 

Ci'P.Nw Ai.i,  M  the  nio'.t  weltem  i:'<un'y  of  l-.n.ilai;.!, 
and,  in  Ihape,  relcnibles  s\iiu  its  name  i  t-plic,  a  h'rn. 
It  abound'^  in  tin  and  lead;  prodiu  cs  niiindic,  whch 
aflVi:ds  CO;  [)cr  us  i;ood  as  'he  S\u-  iilh  ;  is  lani'ins  for 
the  belt  kiid  of  Oar-  ulcs -,  and  furnillH-s  tlie  bnikhrr 
With  iivi^ir  I't^:.^,  which,  when  polillicd,  looks  tike 
Egvj  tii;.  granate.  It  has  tiie  title  of  a  duchy,  and  tlie 
tin.;'s  eidcll  Ion  is  diik'-  t.f  CoihW.'lj. 

L  auntciton  is  a  cotpor.ition  town,  and  fen, is  f.vo 
n^etnbers  to  parlian-.ent.  It  was  fornicUv  dcfcndid  by 
a  rafile,    <''■■  '1  :s  now  in  reins. 

1-almoiu..  IS  thrricli.ll  .in.l  bell  tradiag  tovin  in  ihe 
(ounty.  1  lie  iiarbour  IS  f )  coiiriiodious  thai  ilnps  of 
the  gtcateil  Inirtiicn  come  up  to  its  quay.  It  is  uuanled 
by  'h-  ca'.Ues  of  St.  .Maw.s  and  I'endcnnis.  I'liere  is 
a  fartkicnt  flieiter  in  many  creeks  tor  tl-.e  uIkiK-  rosai 
navv  to  ride  liere  lac  fiom  any  winds.  The  luwn  is 
v.cll  builr,  and  I'.stratic  ve;y  confiiier..b!e. 

l\'nianee,  t'le  lartheil  town  in  the  well  of  EngLinJ, 
is  w.il  built  and  populous,  anil  has  many  lhi|  s  brlon^- 
111  ■.  to  I'.  \'i  ms  ot  !eal,  tin,  and  copper,  arc  Iccn 
heie  even  to  the  urnioll  exti  n'.  of  low  w.iter  niirk. 

DivosbiiiKi.  isnaiuialK  fierile,  but  rendered  fertile, 
in  ni  ny  pari-,  by  a;t,  ar.d  conta;ns  the  fullowing  prin- 
cipal j)la 'fs. 

Exeter,  the  cipital  of  the  county,  and  on"  of  the 
principal  ciii.s  of  the  kingdom  It  is  f.Hi.iic.l  on  a 
nfinii  ^'luuiid,  watered  l)v  tiic  nver  I  x,  has  fix  gates, 
and,  wiiii  the  laburbs,  w  two  n  li's  in  circumference. 
1  lit  catl.e'if.d,  called  Sr,  IViet'v,  1  1  iDa^niii  -.  at  and 
ctniuus  fabric.  1  his  citv  i»l  IsVv.n  ^ita  ten  ■  smnrmed 
bv  nxill  of  oi;rk:n:r,  'i -ny  of  whuiU.'.ye  h')nt)urtd  it 
w  th  tiuii  ro\al  prrf  ..  Its  :>'  d.\  x<.t  ihc  t.x  is  </l 
f;rta(  icnuth,  a  vi  Iws  hoiii;  n  un  l»«llt  liuf>ft>wardn,,x 
en.ls.  I-  '  (V  s.ui  11  I-  y  ,'i  (\i«is  (thetiiicf  »'  whuh 
IS  call   ;iii         rce;^  vl.  \  en;eMn£»  in  the  Wsl.ile  of  i!i 

citv,  \  I'll,  s  well  h>p>l  t.d  \'ii'h  Wa  rr.  't'il''e  s  M 
fad   1    !■•  e,      :..x\   R  il^'.fiiient,   tappol"    ii   lnw 

beii.  ..  .  •...  \\  V  li  Msort  klOi's.  it  IS  n')w  niu>  ii 
i-  a  d,  ,\  a  j  ii  ii.il'!!  Sut'  op  f.  I  !l;e  .lfi1^  s,  i>.>, 
'I  .-•  s'  1  !•  I  ...  -\v  f ..  a  t;'!r  »•  l.in-.iu-.  1  »!.  >h 
.,  »o.ili..iii,  Hifjtforv  .iicni  iificr  s» 
t.n  tl;.-  '.fi  MirX.  Herr  dn-  «  ipi 
<■''••  "la  f'lioo!  ;-,o;ii  •.  It- 
^  e  v\. .  .;•!•.     1    ire  is  a  tmc 

ji.»r' >•■  "Hs  ow,-r  tlw  »>r,  ..*!  f-  abounds  v  :h  deli- 
!.»  .•  tr  I,  a'd  oihr  OHIO  iVi  It  is  divert!.  ;  to  tec 
li.ea-  .  ,tih  labium  ,  i  .e  '»■  r,  wnh  a  Ipanirl  trained  to 
dnw:  lull!  into  a  di  A-  lilt.  S'jii<»iim*s  *  man  »ill 
lak'  ;>  :  l.iiiimnat  a::.i.i,  iVo:ii  14  t  >  ;_  q»t!xi  lut  t», 
foj  wiiK  .  they  -il;  only  ivvo-f<ncc  4  pv^i 


..•  s  •        I  ■ 

I'..  .J.  !■ 
I  I  tor  > 

ra.T 


SY^Tl'.M  Of  rNIVt'RSAI,  CbOGRAP!!'.'. 

I'lyn-  nth,  :r  in:!.-^  from  l.ndoii,  at  ti-.c  i.  ilii;;  r,i 
the  livMi  I'lyiiiai)  1  Tatli.i:-  iu.',>  the  ».!i.!i.nfl,  co: '.li;  , 
11(41  as  11, any  ii.!...l.'t.ints  a.  !  ■.eiei,  and  is  i.tic  (ft;,- 
chit  f  ir.a.M,  ir.f  in  the  kiiij'd'ini,  o\vin<',  to  us  pdrr. 
wlrih  IS  one  of  ihe  l.irgrll  and  l.ifell  in  inyland.  p 
(  01. lilis  ot  two  h  :  hours,  carible  of  coiuaiiiiiu'  i(,.j 
lail  of  ihips;  A'\^\  is  delen  irt'i  !iy  fcveial  forts,  p.irticu- 
larly  a  firom,  i;:.ide!,  ot  lar(Te  extent.  It  is  the  ■■en.-ral 
leniU/.vous  ut  Ilnps  outward  liouml  ;  and  is  vi.-ry  coa- 
venicnt  lor  hoineu.i.d  bound  fliips  to  provide  tlieai- 
lehis   w,;h  j  ilots  up  th'-  tliaiinel. 

About  t>vo  miles  up  the  mouth  of  the  river  Taniar, 
in  an  iaitt  of  tie  Ita,  diliii:^illhvd  lium  Cat-water  by 
t'e  n.nie  ot'  I  lainou?.e,  and  Commanded  by  the  calii  • 
i.n  S[.  N  el. obi-,  l.b  i.d,  is  a  r-^yal  doi  k  fur  buildin;;  .inj 
ie)-.i;rin;.;  ill,..  Here  is  a  t  liariiy-lchool,  four  hoi 
pit.il  ,  ,iiid  .1  w.'ik  liiiufe.  Oil' the  entianie  o!  tlie  b.iv 
l.es  the  1  .ivi'one  rock,  which  is  covtrcii,  .11  lii  '1 
wa'er,  and  o-i  wlr.'li  tite  itii^niious  .\1r.  Winib.nb' 
bn  It  a  liglit-i.oiil'e,  that  was  l)'own  down  inih:t  terr  - 
ii'e    luirainc    in  N'avenber    17O],   ..n  i  larafelf,   «;;!; 


ib.ofe  th.'.t  were 


i!e\  er  more  hea^i 


of. 


D.irtmouth  llands  on  the  lido  of  a  craggv  hi 
about  a  11  ile  ]<  n 


'Ihe  llref'ts  aic  nr.jjular,  ai;.l 
the  iioufes  generally  lii.-h.  'I'he  h.ab.ail  is  (_M))d,  an  1 
joo  lailof  ll'.ips  iii.iy  ride  bifc  in  the  b.ilon.  Meic  is  a 
Urge  qu  iv,  .111  1  a  tpacioii,  llnet  before  it,  where  n  anv 
conliderai.lc  loerchuits  Unc.  Hcic  are  tl.rec  chiiiclu  , 
and  ,1  l.iii'.o  iiRct  n;^  houle.  l)ait;ii.,u;h  call Ic  is  very 
aiiei.  nt. 

DoRstTSHiRE,  fiiuaietl  on  the  fourh  eift  of  Devon- 
llure,  i>,  like  ihe  two  lit),  a  m.intime  coui.ty.  It  i. 
one  ol  the  pleaiantii'  and  rr.oR  fcriilc  in  the  kiiii^doin, 
aboundiiig  in  (  orn,  cattle,  llutp,  \c. 

Dorclulier  is  the  county  town,  and  w.is  the  mn,'. 
conlKlerable  Ibiiion  of  the  isoinaii.s  in  thole  paits.  'I'liey 
had  a  camp  near  it,  with  five  trendies,  enc!ofin[;  te  1 
•ic^es  tin'  vcllij'es  of  which  are  Ibll  viliblc  at  a  place 
(died  Maiden  Caille,  about  a  mile  lioin  the  town, 
h  IS  litii.ited  on  an  afcent,  on  ilie  b.iiiks  of  tlie  river 
L-!ome.  St.  I'eier's,  I'l  inity,  and  .VII  Saints  ciuirche  , 
.ind  tlie  Ibae-hall,  are  the  piineipal  buildings  in  the 
town.  'I  !ic  Ikendd  llieet  01  the  Romans  is  plainly 
trace.!  here;  and  the  toundations  of  the  old  Koman 
wall  appear  (|u:te  nuiad  the  town,  except  toward  the 
e.d',  where  tlie  diich  i.  lilleil  up,  and  u  ftrect  bu.lt 
upon  it;  \et  the  place  is  ItiU  called  The  VVa'ls.  'I'l.-t 
Ro..  ::ns  had  an  amphit'ieatr.-  in  the  n(  ighbourhoaJ, 
now  called  M.niiiibury,  t lie  terrace  of  the  t^l[)  of  whicii 
i:>  a  iK^ted  place  lor  tlie  inliabitants  to  walk  on,  having 
an  ( levant  piolpcct  of  the  town  .ind  country  louiul  u. 

Weyii.mith  i~  a  uell  Iniilt  town,  aad  has  a  tMiod  ha:  ■ 
bour,  ilefen  'cd  by  two  foits.  Many  lubftantial  mei - 
ciiaiits  rifide  here,  and  cany  on  an  extcnfive  trade,  k 
is  joined  to  Melcomb- Regis  by  a  wooden  bridge,  over 
the  little  r  ver  Wey.  The  united  towns  luve  a  chur^!:, 
and  ab  11, t  .,  '^  hiaile''. 

I'ortl.nnl   IS  a  penir.fula.     It  is  fcarcely  fevcn  mlli  . 

1  I  t;rinii  I'ci   '•  '.  .ind  but  thinly  inhainted.     'ihe  in- 

lan.t   p    ts    aie    1  inious   for  quanies  ot'  tb.e  finelt   free 

foi        ai   '  11  <>l|  ourable,  '.sith  v  iiich  St.  ['aul's  cliurch, 

I   \\  (;'ti\io  1  » I  t|i(()'r,  \..  wereereiftcd. 

At   l*Mibtv'\  I.,  loand  i.'ie   belt  tobacco  pi()e  clav  in 

!ii:ir,  .l.tnted  to  (he  north   vi(z  ui  I)e- 
i  \  erv   f>  itiic  countv,  and  moic  celebrated 


il  water.i  th.i.i   any  other   county    in   tiie 


\ay»><\  u, 
y  'I  It*  11' 
k  .(:  '  >:i'. 

ti  «vli  1  '  miles  from  B.tth,  is  the  fccond  city  in 
I'l.  '*>'  '  til  d.>miiii'ins,  l.>r  trade,  wealtli,  and  niiinbcr 
ui  <  <'ii.\iiis.  'I'hoiijjh  It  lay  in  two  counties,  before 
itwa.  I'li'e  Av  »unty  lit  itlVlf,  wliich  was  in  the  reign 
(^^  V.|n.o''  Ml,  It  was  by  the  parliament  rolls  teckone>l 
:  1  So  I  ifiteiiliiie.  The  jathedial  was  torn-.crly  the  col- 
l»*  ;iati  ti.tirc.h  <»«'  St.  .Xiigufun's  monabcry,  which, 
when  dllMvxl  l»»  Henry  VIM.  and  erected  into  the 
Il  e  I  I  a  Udh'p,  iu-  a;'pli'  d  its  revenues  to  the  luainien- 


,iace.>MO*''Jio;.,  dean,  prebendaries,  &c. 


There 


MOGRAP.'Ir. 

1  .  ihi.iii,  ,it  ti-,:.:  i,  ill):;  r,: 
I".'-'  t!it  c'i.!!  nrl,  C(;  mJ;  , 
!  -.iMii,  ami  i:  i^r.'^  i  f  i;,.. 
iMi  <i')iii,  (Aviii;^  to  us  jjorr. 
ami  r.ifill  III  i'.iiyiaiicl.  1; 
.1,  ililc  ot  ( oii;aiiiiiu>  iccj 
■-1  '.\y  levi'ial  for(>.,  |).,riicu- 
!!;!•  txtnit.  It  is  ihc  >>en.-ral 
J  bomul  ;  anil  is  vi.Ty  con- 
ii:il  fliips  t'j  [jiovidc-  thc;n- 
laiitu  I. 

iiKiiiili  of  till'  rivcT  Tamar, 

4;  iillr.1.1  liuin  Cat  Nva?cr  ly 

il  Ciimin.iinlid  Ijy  the  cafii,; 

i..y.',l  J.I.  !.  (or  l)uilJin[;  .ir.J 

,1   ili.uiiy-uhool,   four 'hoi 

Oil' till'  fiitiaiKi-  Ditlic  b.iv 

which   is  coviriil,    at    lii,  ii 

ir;;:diioiis  Mr.    Winil.inl'^" 

iS  h'owM  ilowii  in  tij  :t  ti-rr:- 

it-T    \';o],  .,n  I  l.inifi'lf,  wuh 

irort;   liCi.d  o{. 

liiie  of  a  L'raagy  hill,  ;'.i\! 
he  lln-fts  aic  lit.  i;tilar,  uii.l 
I'iif  li.abiur  lb  ^M,.)i|^  ;in  \ 
1  lU-  in  tlu'  l)aK)ii.  llfic  is  a 
lluet  bi-;.irc  ir,  wlicrc  ir.anv 
;.  He;c  arc  li.r.x'  cluirclic  , 
Uaitiii  ,u;li  cafllc  is  very 

on  the  fourh  eift  of  Dcvois- 
,  a  iiiaritiiiu'  county,     it  1, 

ir.od  fertile  in  the  kiiu'tlom, 

(lui.  p,  v\c. 

iv   tov.n,  aiul    was  the   n:o;l 

Romans  in  tliofc  paits.  Thcv 

f.ve  tr;.'i!chrs,  eiukifini^  te  i 
ch  are  ILII  vifibic  at  a  phici: 
Hjiit  a  mile  (lOiii  the  towi). 
Oil  ill;;  banks  of  llie  rivor 
iiity,  and  All  Saints  chiirLhf  , 
le  puiKipal  buildings  in  the 
.t  ot  the  Ko:iians  is  plainly 
undations  ofthi'i.lj  lioman 
hf  town,  cxcetit  toward  flic 
filleil  uj),  and  a  I'trcet  bu.k 
Kill  calKd  1  he  VVa'Is.  'I"l..; 
:atr.'  in  t!ic  m  ij^hboiirhood, 
u'  terraiC  of  the  top  of  wiiuii 
liabitants  to  walk  on,  iiavin^ 
town  and  country  lound  it. 
dt  town,  and  lias  :i  _L;ood  In:  ■ 
rts.  Many  luLftaiitial  inct- 
•|  y  on  an  txtcr.livc  trade,  k 
51s  by  a  woodrn  brulue,  ovtr 
•  united  towns  luve  aclrar^li, 

1.  It  is  iearcely  feven  mile, 
t  tiiinly  inhabited.  The  in- 
ir  quaniis  of  tlic  finelt  free 
\ith  V  aieliSt.  I'aul's  church, 
u ere  elected. 
le   belt  tobacco  pipe  clay  in 

d  to  'lie  north  t\xf:  of  l)e- 
coun'y,  'ind  more  celebrated 
.1   any  oiiicr  county    in   tiie 

IViili,  is  the   llcond  city   in 

trade,   wealtli,   and  number 

It  lay  in  two  counties,  before 

iclf,  which  was  in  the  reiini 

lie  parliament  rolls  leckoned 

tliedial  was  torir.erly  the  col- 

liiulim's    monaUery,    which, 

'  VIII.  and  erected  into  tlic 

its  revenues  tu  the  niaiiuc.a- 

)endaries,  Ikv. 

i  There 


r.UROPF..] 


E  U  R  O  r  F.  A  N     J  S  L  A  \'  D  S. 


909 


There  arc  in  this  rity  1!?  cluirrlies.  The  chief  is  St. 
Mary  Keilrlift''s,  without  the  walls,  built  in  the  reii:;n  of 
Henry  VI.  by  William  Cannin;','-,  aldciinan  of  this 
city.  Th  s  is  a  magnificent  llnicture,  in  the  Cii  'lic 
talie.  Here  are  a  llately  bridcc  of  three  arches  over 
the  Avon,  a  Iqiiate,  a  ci.koili-honfe,  three  extellrnt 
marki  t  |>Iace$,  li.fi.lts  a  iilh  iraiket,  near  20  liol|)itals, 
and  oilier  benevolent  fouulaiions,  a  {luildhall,  an  ex- 
cha!i^',e,  two  ti:;e  ipja\s,  leveial  dochs,  a  corn  mar- 
ket, and  th.-ce  {jates. 

'1  his  ciiy,  which,  wifluiic  luiiurbs,  lies  compart,  be- 
inj;  almi/ft  a^^  bruad  a  loiij,',  is  about  li>.  niilesin  circum- 
ference on  the  (jldiicelter  fitle,  jnd  three  miles  on  the 
Someifit  fi.c,  whuh,  in  the  whole,  make  nine  niiles 
in  circuit. leience.  The  houles  aie  clol'e  and  crowded, 
I'f^ccial'y  towards  t!ie  bridj^e  and  the  hcaitof  the  citv, 
where  many  of  heir  are  Hve  or  fix  ft.'ri.s  hi;^!i.  1  li.,- 
alcent  10  St.  Michaers  Hill  is  veiy  frcp. 

Bath  was  fan.ous  in  the  time  of  the  Romans  fsir  its 
medicinal  wateis,  called,  by  l-'tolemy,  tlic  H  it  vV.ue  -; 
bv  .Antoninus,  th-  Waters  of  tliC  Sun  ;  by  ihe  li.it. ins, 
C.icr  Baden,  the  City  ol  Baih  ;  and  by  ihr  Suxons,  Ak 
iiianci.eltrr,  or  the  Citv  of  Vah  ludn-trians.  'Ihe 
names  of  the  frveral  baths  a.e,  t'le  King's  bat'i,  tiie 
C^ice  I's-bath,  the  Ciol^-bath,  and  th  ■  Hot  baili.  In 
the  King's-ba:';  i^  a  I'tatue  of  Bladu  I,  eif^.'.tii  king  ot 
the  lir.'ons,  with  an  iiifcription  unoer  it,  im(M.riii^', 
that  he  dif.  ovr-red  tiie  ufe  of  tiiele  batiis  6b]  years 
beto'e  Chriit.  That  this  place  was  ot  old  a  r-ioit  of 
cri[)()Ks  and  dilealed  pcifons,  appears  *"rom  the  cruti  hcs 
huiii^  t  p  at  the  feveral  baths,  as  the  thank-otierin-s  of 
thole  w.io  caire  li.tiicr  lair.e,  and  went  aw;iy  cur.  d: 
but  the  citv  ef  Batii  is  now  ir.ore  frequmte;!  bv  th.- 
lound  for  their  plealuie,  than  by  th  •  lick  Ur  their 
healtii.  The  fprings  were  doubtltfs  fepat.itcd  from  the 
com  1  oa  Ipiings  bv  the  Romans,  and  fenced  in  wi'h 
a  durable  w.iU.  Thr  company  allemble  i-  ml  nump- 
room  every  mori-ing  between   the  hours      ;      •.!■  t  and 

ten   to  t'niik  the  waters,    a  band  of  nuili. •  s  at- 

tendii  g  to  cr.teitain  them.  A  fine  marble  li.eue  of 
the  l.te  Ri.hanlNalli,  t'.lq  ;  executei!  at  the  exptnct 
cf  tl'.c  corporatien,  pcrpetu.ites  the  memory  of  a  man, 
under  wliol'e  povernment  the  city  of  B.ith  role  to  its  prc- 
fcnt  dcLTceot   Ij  lendor. 

Baih  f.as  amazingly  increafed  of  late  years  in  the  ex- 
tent and  elegtnce  of  its  buildings.     The  firll  iii.prove- 
mcn  was   the  eredion    ot    (j^ieen's-fouar.-,  be;-;an  in 
17  li),  in  the  center  ot  which  is  a  gar.len,  and  an  obrlitk 
70fet    high,  in    honour  of  his  late   Royal    Highnefs 
i-rcderick,  Frincc  of  Wales.     Wh -n    tlie  fquare    was 
finillied,    Mr.  Wood   (an  eminent  architect)   planned 
feveral  llrcets  contigoi.s  to  it ;  and,  in  17. ;y,  bcg.in  the 
North  and  South    I'arades,  Pierrcpoint  llrect,  IJuke- 
ilreet,  and  others.     In    1754  he   planned  the  Circus, 
a  beautiful  circular  pile  of  buildings,  uniformly  con- 
lilUi,^;  of  the   Doric,    Ii.nie,  and    Corinthian  orders. 
Grry-tlreet,     Brook-tlreet,     Brnnet-ftieet,     and     the 
Cf  I'cent,  ough'  not  to  be  here  o.rittcd.    'i  he  lall  men- 
tioned IS  a  iTofl   magnificent  and    ir.uih  athr.ired  [Jile 
of  buildings,  in  tlie  elliptical  for.ti,  confilting  of  one 
order  onlv  of  Ionic  pillars   (uppoiting   tiie  upper  cor- 
nice, and  commanding  a  prul'peCl  beyoi.d  all  defi.rip- 
tlo;;. 

Wells  has  it',  name  from  the  wtlls  and  fprings  .ibout 
the  citv,  which  is  bit  of  f  1  ail  extent,  though  well 
inhahiied.  The  btilUlings  aie  ni-if,  and  the  eaihedral 
is  flately, 

Cheildar  i»  famed  tor  fine  c  heet'e,  It  is  comir.on 
here  lor  three  or  f'our  d.iii  le-  to  |o;n  their  milk,  an-l  '.o 
make  what  is  called  .1  Clcvldar  Cheelr. 

Frnme  is  litua'ed  10  miles  troin  B.ith.  ThwdoUeii 
niaiuif..rture  is  reckoned  nit;rc  conliderable  heie  than  111 
ans  pan  of  1  ri,^lai»d. 

Briilgewarer  is  feitetl  on  the  river  I'arn-r,  nvii 
which  there  is  a  llone  bridge.  Siiips  of  coiilidrrablc 
burden  come  up  to  its  t^uay  ;  and,  f.um  its  coincineiit 
fituation  for  c.iiim'Tce,  the  inh.ibitams  have  i  pretty 
{^jod  coalling  tra  '••. 
No.  ^-; 


Glaftonbury  is  famous  fir  its  abbey,  t'ome  migni- 
licent  ruins  of  whitli  are  llil  rcmainin;.'. 

Taunton  is  a  tiandf.me  town,  and  has  feveral  large 
wo'llen  mar.uta'torii  5. 

\Vi' TsHiai;,  (Itiiatrd  'o  the  nort'i-eafl- of  Somerfet- 
fliire,  i>  r.ithei  enttrtili;,  but  aD.jundj  in  ihx'p.  The 
priicipal  place  is 

Salilbiiry,  .  r  N^w  .Sarum,  an  cpifopal  fee,  and  i 
l.irge  well  built  pL-afant  eity,  near  which  four  rivers 
join  their  flreams,  and  llow  tliiou.^h  every  fbi-eer.  The 
eaihedral  i,  confidered  .;s  th^  moll  elegant  and  regular 
in  ihe  Uingdon,  particulady  for  its  lif.y  Ito.'.e  Ipiie. 
1  he  numbrr  of  windows,  pdlais,  and  doors,  in  th  s 
fabiic,  .lifoadd  to  its  celebritv.  I'here  are  tlir.  e  oilier 
ciuir.  lies  billdes  the  Cathedral.  The  m  !■  ket-place,  in 
which  is  a  finet.nvn  houte,  is  a  fquar.-  fo  Iptci.ius  that 
three  or  :.;ur  hatraiions  of  fiyot  may  be  n.u'tered  with- 
out beini»ciowdie.i.  There  are  fonic  rem.i'kibl.;  monu- 
ments i  1  the  catiii-dral  an.l  otlui  p'.icrs. 

lI-\vii'sn!KF.,  liruatcd  10  t lie  north  call  of  Uort'et- 
lliire,  IS  t'ii'ous  for  hogs,  Iheep,  and  li  nber.  The 
1-  rinc'pal  plact  s  are 

VNlnciicllcr  on  ihelicliin.^.  It  releoibles  an  amplii- 
tl'eare,  and  is  lurionnded  by  ihaik  hills.  On  St. 
Caiherine'.-.  Hill,  near  the  citv,  are  the  remans  of  a 
caiip;  and  on  ihe  we;!  .aye  w,.s  a  callle,  where  the 
Welt  Sax '11  k;n:'S  l^ept  t'leir  cou  t.  '1  J.e  c.iliiedral 
;s  vriier.ihl'-  ar.d  l.ir.  e,  btit  not  elegant.  Heic  are  fix 
oih.er  einirchi-a,  two  liof,  i'ais,  a  college,  feveral  pub- 
lic lihools,  6:c. 

Soot  am;  ton,   12    miies    'rom   W'inchePer,    (lands 
betv.een  two  lar.',e   riven,  the  lt.hin!r  and  il.e  '['t:{'c, 
that  fall  here  into  that  c  died  Southampton  V,'ater.     It 
has  a  wall  almoll  round   it,  of  a  hartl  kind  of  llone. 
Henry  VI.  made  it  a  county  of  itfclf,  which  renders  it 
ind  -pendent  of  the  lord  li'-utenant.     The  chief  ilreet 
is  one  of  the  broad;  It  and  hviigell  in  t'.iigland.      It  i.as 
one  large  quay,  and  one  other  c.ille  1  W^  II  tl^iay,  where 
the  Giieinley    and  jcricv   vclicls  always  anchor,  vith 
which  illands  th^y  carry  on  a  coulideraljle  trade.      The 
ap[)roach  to  the  town,  t.oni  tlic  L;)ii  Ion  road,  is  ex- 
tremely pleal'ant. 
j        Pcrtfmouih,  the  great  key  of  F.ngland,  is  regularly 
fortified,  and  llaiids  at  the  entranc:  of  .1  i.reek,  on  the 
I    ifland  of  Portfea,     It   is  alio  defended  by  Suiith-Sea- 
c.ilUe,   Blockhoufe-eallle,  an.l  a  chain  that  goes  acrol's 
the  hai  boor  from  the  round  tower  to  the  oppo(i:e  fliore. 
1  Ills  is  the  narrowell  p-  .i:  of  entiar.ce  to  a  large  and 
faf;'  haibour.     '1  he  dock-vard  is  as  convenient  as  can 
be  ini,i:i,iiicd,  capable  of  docking  25  or  30  fliips  in  a 
tortniLtht.     In  the  dock  is  likcwife  a  royal    ac.ulen  y. 
The  Common,  as  it  is  callttl,  is  the   relidence  chiefly 
of  the  anilicers  and  otli.  ers  of  the  dock.     Here  is  one 
vcrv   mugn.ficent    church,  hiving   on  the   top  of  the: 
tleeple  a  lliip  (or  a  weath.r-cock. 

Bli;ks:ii:'.!  ,   fuuate;!  to  tl.e  iiorili  of  ilaiiipiliire,  hxj 
a  fertile  loi!,  .  ui  contains 

Wiiulfor,  -I  miles  f  oai  k.on;!on,  a  pleal'ant  and  an- 
cient tow'n  on  the  I'hames,  .md  has  a  tine  catlle,  builr  bv 
William  liie  Conquer;ir.  l-'Alwanl  III.  who  was  born 
here,  enlarged  and  b'.  autiiie.l  ir  -,  built  the  r.-iy.d  palace 
and  chapel,  togetl'.ei  wiili  St.  (jeor:;;e's  hall  and  its 
ch;ipel,  and  inllitiit.  d  here  tiie  Order  of  the  Garti  r. 
Q_ieen  Ffzabeth  added  the  noble  terrace,  faced  wi.h 
free-ftoner.imparts,  like  thofeof  a  fori  lied  lity,  whvh 
islcar^e  to  be  equalled  in  I'ur.ipe.  King  Charles  11. 
laid  out  great  funis  in  rep.fuing,  new  modeilinir,  and 
furnithing  this  palace  j  and  there  is  a  tine  eqo,;iinan 
ftatue  of  him,  creeled  in  1680,  over  agieat  well  in  'he 
inner  court.  St.  George's  had  is  ef:c:r,ei  n.c  of  tho 
tineft  i'l  F'.ni-opc.  'I'lic  royal  cha[).d  is  biaiiiilully 
adorned  with  curious  paintings.  l  he  louiid  tower  is 
built  like  an  a  iiphitliearre,  very  h  gi),  wi'h  elegant 
apaitmenf;.  On  the  1  orth  tii'e  is.'-t.  George's,  or  the 
<  liapel  ot'the  garter,  one  of  tiie  molt  elegant  Gothic 
firiKt'.ires  in  the  imiveife.  In  ilie  ciioir  are  the  ftaib  of 
the  knight,  of  the  oider,  and  their  banners  over  tr.em, 
Willi  a  tiirone  f(.'r  their  toveiei^ii. 

10  X  '  Heie 


K'M 


» 


913 


A  NEW,  ROYAL  and  AUTIIFNTIC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVrRSAT.  CrOGRAPHV 


•••^1 


Her'*  arc  twn  jv.rl;'  .  the  \.v\i'  pa;k,  .I'mut  iliri-'.' 
mllo,  aiul  ilif  ^riMt  p.ii  k  14  niilfs,  in  iit\  uiiit.n'iuf, 
itofkcd  wall  .ill  kiruls  ot  s^.um*,  .iiv.l  l.ivilhly  fiubt  11  Ih- 
rd  by  the  hand  of  nature.  In  the  forrl't,  which  is  ;;o 
miles  roiiiu!,  arf  I'tviral  feats ;  particularly  Cranbouiii 
1  .odpc,  v.hich  frands  on  t!ie  top  of  a  hill,  and  has  a 
view  iiT  only  n}' Wiiulfor  and.  its  paiks,  but  ofLdntlon 
andth  ■  ad|,uciu  country. 

Kciilni;,  the  principal  ;own  o'  the  ronnty,  ItainN 
on  tl.f  rvt-r  'Ilunirs,  ni  ai  the  inlh.x  ot  the  Kcnnrt, 
and  I. a';  tiirce  panlh  chiitihcj,  built  ot  tlint  and  rqii,,rc 
ftonc.  An  horpitai  was  loinidid  here,  aid  libtr.iilv 
endowed,  hv  archhilhop  l.ind.  It  had  aiTimtly  a  nio- 
nafterv,  equal  to  ii  oft  mi  In-land,  both  foi  r:iiies  and 
beauty.  riu-g.itc-hoiHc  is  ftili  pretty  < mire;  and  ihirc 
are  loMe  n  in. .ins  of  its  wall>  <ii;hr  feet  thuk.  The 
molt  remaikable  riiriofitv  of  n.itural  hiltory  is  a  mn- 
tinued  bed  ot  ovfier-fheil.s,  wliitl!,  fiT  many  (;encr.i- 
tions,  his  heeii  f.Mind  near  this  p'ace,  extended  thioiigli 
the  circiimltrenci.  of  fiveor  fx  .ii.r(S  of  pr.iund. 

SiRRiiV,  fituated  to  the  (outh  of  iMid.llefcx,  is  a 
plr.:f.i!it,  lirdtiiy,  fcrt:Ie  c  oiuitv.  Tile  principal  |)!ace 
(exdufivc  of  the  borough  of  Sn.itliwails )   ■• 

(iiiihiford,  a  Luge  w<ll-bu-,li  town,  o:'  ilie  .'iver 
Wcy,  wh  ch  «.  navip.ible  troin  tluncr  to  i..c  I'lianni. 
Not  (.if  fro  1,  the  i\  er  lie  ri;i '.ous  walls  of  .u.  old  ca;ile, 
ths  pi.ice  haviii!',  ;.t  the  S  .n  n  li  r.is,  been  a  loy.d 
villa,  where  nviny  of  our  kii^s  kept  tc, 't  fil^ivaU. 
Here  are  three  parirti  churches.  I'hi'  ro.id  li' Chiduf- 
ter  ar.d  I'lrtiiiouth  lies  throui'h  tlis  town,  wl  "Cii  has 
long  been  famous  for  pootl  inn.'i  and  accoiirniodationt. 
Here  a'e  .ilms-houlVs,  librrallv  eniioweil,  ,ind  the  re 
rra-ns  of  1  once  famous  iri.iinirat.tory  of  (1.  in.  In  the 
r.eighbourli'od  .ire  the  wr.Us  of  wi.at  was  foimcrly  tali 
ed  .'it.  Cafherine'.s  Chapel,  bn  It  with  a  fort  of  tie, 
whiih,  when  broken,  h.is  ihf  appearanre  u(  iron,  ami 
the  CTTient  of  tliem  is  in  a  ni.inner  nrprneti.ible.  The 
road  leading  from  Guil  lf)rd  to  F.irnhain  is  remarkable 
for  r'liininn:  along  upon  ilie  lidp.cof  .111  liif;h  rh.ilky  hll, 
called  .St.  Cirhcrine's,  no  wider  than  the  road  itftK, 
from  whence  there  is  a  ilelisihifil  ]irofpec1. 

I"'c!indnd,  anciently  called  .Siiene,  is  remaikable  for 
if.  icamifiil  lituation  and  royal  palace,  in  which  ,ire 
ma.  v  curious  paintings  by  the  moll  eminent  malters. 
Qi^ift '  Ciroline  took  great  delisrlit  here  ;  and  his  pre  ■ 
lent  niaicltv  h.is  made  gre.it  iinprovemeni's  in  the  i^.nr- 
dens  of  this  drlijihtful  place.  'I'h.e  town  runs  up  the 
hill  a  full  mile  to  the  [)ark,  with  fmall  gardens  declin- 
ing all  tlie  way  to  the  Th.imcs,  over  winch  has  been 
erected  a  very  neat  bridge. 

Si's-EX,  a  mar.tinic  roun:v,  fituated  to  the  fouth 
t'f  Suirev,  abounds  in  lliee]  ,  wool,  ixc.  'i'he  chitl 
place  is 

ChirheP.er,  fitu.ited  on  a  plain  near  an  arm  of  the 
fe.:.  It  is  avtry  neat  fmall  citv,  w.vUed  about  in  a 
tircular  form;  with  four  gates  opening  to  the  f.)ur 
J  rmcipal  flueis,  whn  h  ineer  in  the  center,  where  is  a 
beautiful  ciols.  .Ml  tlie  fpace  or(piaiter  between  the 
well  and  foiith  g.iies  is  taken  up  with  the  cathedral, 
the  bidiop's  palace,  the  dean's,  prebendaries,  and  vii  ir. 
houfes.  The  church  itlelf  is  not  large,  but  verv 
ne.it,  with  .1  liigh  llone  fpirc  of  an  od.igoiial  form, 
citeein'  1  .1  coiiplete  piece  tA'  architecture. 

Ki-'JT,  ii'.u.ited  to  the  linifh-eall  ol  Middl.fex,  a- 
boundb  in  hops,  wood,  and  fiuir.  '1  he  princip.il 
pl.iCes  .i:c 

Canteibii  V,  the  ehief  of  the  county,  ai'.i  tliemetro- 
pnli'-.in  fee  of  all  lvn;j,land.  The  cathedral  is  .1  noble 
pile  of  (iotl.ic  architeifture.  Seven  kiniis  have  been 
interreil  in  this  church;  and  St.  .Au.r- ifbnc,  with  the 
feven  archbilho;  s  that  lnr(  e^iifil  I-;  -in  one   vault. 

Here  was  the  rtinne  of  Th(.iiiiab-a--.e^/<er,  li)  f.imous 
for  itsiiches  otleit'd  by  votaries  and  pilgnins  from  moll 
parts  of  the  univerfe.  .Among  the  rums  of  the  Roman 
andS'Xon  buildings,  and  of  ivany  religious  houlcs, 
are  the  walls  of  a  cli.ipi  I,  laid  to  h.ive  been  a  Lhriltian 
temple  before  .St.  .Aui.'ufline's  tnre.  Two  irates  of 
the   iiionafl' ry,    bt.iit    by   I'thclbcrt,    king    ot    K.<nt, 


''iifland.      !• .  I  atheili.d   is  laid   to  have  been  built  by 
th  Ibert,  kin;r  if  Kent.     1  leie  is  a  Hone  biid|>e,  con- 


cer  ain  p.'.vi 
or    l.^nf.l. 


.iboiit  the  year  (,0  >,  at  the  rcfjoe'l  of  Anflin  themoi.!;, 
are  flill  reiiialniiii;.  I  lerc  aic  fix  v.aids,  dcnomiiiiteJ 
from  i.s  I'x  gates,  fifteen  paiilli  chuiche-.,  and  fcvtri 
holpii.il.s. 

K'lcluOer  hes  in  a  v.dley  on  the  eafl  fide  of  tin- river 
Medwav,   am!,  <xcept  ("aniirliury,  is  the  oldelhc-e  in 
f'tiflam' 
1 

filling  of  >j  an  Ins,  which  is  eileeii  ed  one  of  tlie  linrii 
111  Inglanil.  K  chelb.r  apiu  ars  Kihave  been  a  Kon-a;! 
ftation,  from  tl.r  K'luian  Watling-lircet  running  tliio' 
the  "own. 

'l"unhridge,  or  Town  of  Bridges,  is  fo  called  from 
the  river  I  on,  aixl  four  other  flreams  of  the  Meilw.u 
whii  h  rif-  in  the  We.ild,  runing  hither,  ovcreacliuf 
«lich  is  .1  ftone  biidgc.  The  river  Medway  is  mailc 
navigabh  u|>  to  the  town.  Five  ic.ilt  s  I'roin  'i'linbridur 
town  .lie  I'uiiliruige  Wells,  iiuah  licipientetl  on  ;il-. 
Count  of  their  inni.'ial  waters. 

Margate,  or  St.  John's,  is  fituated  on  tlic  north  Cu\r 
of  the  Ille  ol  I  h.u-.e',  and  isaniember  oi  the  lown  .'nd 
I  o,t  of  Dover,  to  whi'  ^i  it  is  I'ubjeci:  in  r'.il  ir.atters  ot 
c  v  1  jur.fJicion.  T'le  principal  Itrecr  is  nt.ir  a  mile  in 
ii  L;rh,  an  i  built  ■>■■,  .m  e.ifv  deli  er.r,  bv  wliich  ine.uis 
th'  iijii  et  put  Is  (lean  an. 1  dry,  but  the  l./\ver  end  mucii 
(jt'iei  wife.  1  he  pier  i-  Miainiaincd  and  jiicferved  by 
iiients  ftir  all  ;;oods  ,V)d  coii-modities  fliipped 
'li;e  batliing-rooms  are  not  l.irge,  but 
conv  n  f-nt.  There  are  fume  of  thefe  rooms  that  cm- 
ploy  I'evird  machines  till  near  the  time  of  high  water, 
whuli,  .It  the  tbiitifthe  tile,  lumetimes  lUiis  two  tir 
ti.ree  I'.iindreJ  y.irds  into  t!ie  bay-  The  f.inds  are  fo 
fale  and  <  le.in,  an!  every  ronveniente  for  b.irhiiK^  ij 
carried  to  fui  !i  "re.it  jm  fusion,  that  it  is  no  wonder 
this  pl.uc  flioiild  be  frcejienied  by  mullitudis  of  people, 
who  b.ithe  in  t'.e  |i  a  either  for  health  or  pleafure. 

Cireenwich  is  noted  for  its  magnificent  holpltal  i\,r 
ttccayeil  leamen,  its  ilihghtful  jiark,  and  its  allrono- 
mical  oblervatory.  The  hol'pital  is  thought  to  he  o.-,e 
of  the  fii'.tl':  fliuchires  of  the  kind  in  the  wurld,  and 
its  noble  li.ill  is  finely  paii.ted.  It  was  forircrly  noted 
for  it^  palace,  where  t^jeen  Mlizabeth  was  born;  but 
th.it  was  pulled  down,  and  what  is  fo  called  now  ferves 
fir  npartirents  fur  the  governor  of  the  lioljiita!,  and 
the  ranger  of  the  park. 

MiDDi.i-sKx  takes  its  name  from  its  fitu.ition  be- 
tween the  ki'igdoms  of  the  ancient  1  .;ll,  Weil,  and 
South  Saxons,     Amongll  other  places  it  contains 

l.o\r)ov,  the  metropolis  of  Cireat  Britain.  This 
city  is  very  ancient.  It  is  mentioned  by  Tacirus  as  a 
place  of  onfidera'Lile  traiie  in  tlie  reign  of  Nero,  and 
hence  we  may  conclude  it  was  founded  about  the  titrc 
of  Claudius,  and  the  year  of  Chrill  42. 

The  city  of  London  has  uniiergone  great  calamities 
of  various  k.ndi;  but  the  two  lad  were  motl  remaik 
able;   iliat  is,  the  plague  in    1665,  wh;r!i   l\vej)t  away 
(18,5./)  peilons;  and   the  tire  in    16(16,   wimh    burnt 
ilown   i-),-:to  itwellmg-houl'es. 

London,  in  it's  large  lenl'e,  (  oniprehe nding  Weft- 
minfter,  Southwark,  anil  fiart  of  Middlelcx,  isaiity 
of  furpri/in;;  extent,  prodii'ious  wealth,  and  moll  c\- 
tenlive  trade.  It  is  delii>htlully  and  advantageoully 
litu.itcil  on  the  b.iiiks  of  the  Thames,  from  which  it 
rites  wu'h  a  <'radu.il  atient.  Notliing  can  be  moir 
btauiiful  than  the  furrounili:m  country,  confiding  of 
liih  corn  fielils,  fcirilc  iiKudovvs,  l.irge  tr.icks  of'  gar- 
den firounds,  parks,  and  degant  villas,  belonging  to 
the  nobility,  and  jierlonsof  opulence. 

The  irregular  form  of  this  city  renders  it  iliflicult 
to  al'crrtaiii  Its  extent.  1  he  bcfl  idea  that  lan  be  lorm- 
f  d  of  u  is  from  the  number  of  the  pe(>ple,  who  are 
computed  to  be  near  a  11  illion,  and  from  the  iiiuliiphcity 
of  edilices  devored  to  the  lerviee  ot  rdigion.  To  ile 
tcribernc-  various  ItnicHures  with  which  this  city  ubountis 
would  pequire  a  voluiric.  The  moll  remarkable,  there- 
fore, will  only  be  attended  to  tinder  this  article. 

London  bridge  was  firll  built  of  floiie  in  the  reign 
of  llenrv  II.  about  the  year  ii6j.     From  that  time  it 

hi' 


f.  CIOGRAPHY. 

'rcf;"cfl  of  A.il]int!ifmr>i;!c, 

n  p.uilh  cluialu-,,  jr.a  hy^„ 

f-yon  rlicciill  liilf  of  tlic  river 
uiti  rliuiy,  is  tlir  olclclb  (cl-  in 
is  IaiiI  to  have  lii-cn  (milt  by 
I  Ifie  is  a  (lone  l)rid(>p,  ton- 
is  edceii  cJ  (jiif  of  tile  lin,  a 
|u  iirst()h,iv>-  bi'cri  ,i  Rdh  j., 
WatliriK-ltrttr   runiiiiiL;  tluy- 

'f  Bri.ic^cs  is   Co  tailed  from 
'tfur  (Ireaiiis  of  the  Medw.u, 
niniii-j;  hither,  over  each  uf 
1  he  rivrr  MciKvay  is  maiic 
Kiveir-ihsfroin  Ttmbridt^r 
Is,  iiuiLh  freqiiiiited   on  ;:l. 
■rs, 

i,  ;KiMt(il  on  the  north  fid^ 
■  a  nitrnljei-  dl  the  town  .'nd 
It  iv  liii)j(a  in  :\il  iriattcrs  of 
ir.ijjial  Itrecr  is  near  a  mile  in 
itV  ilrfi  e;,r,  l.v  wh;ch  irnans 
irv,  but  the  l.,\ver  end  iiiuch 
iiiinLaiiKd  ,ii)J  |)tef(.Tvetl  bv 
Mills  M.d  eoihinnditk-s  Diiiiped 
U-ro'ims  are    not  l.irf.'e,    bin 
'line  of  thefe  rooit;s  that  ciii- 
iuar  the  time  of  high  water, 
ti  le,    ruinetinics  lUiis  two  or 
tlie  bay.     'I'he  fands  are  lo 
y  ronveniin(e   for   barhint^ii 
fn-'linii,   that  it  is  no  wonder 
■Mied  I'V  mullit'idis  of  people, 
T  (or  healtli  or  plealure. 
■  Its  magnitireijt    hot'uiral    t\,r 
!;htfiil  i)ark,  aiul  its'allrono- 
hofpital  I-,  thought  to  he  o:,r 
I"  the  kind  in   the  world,  and 
I. ted.      It   was  forirtrly  nottd 
en  I'.lizabeth  was  born  ;   but 
1  what  IS  lo  called  now   terves 
overnor  of  the  hofpital,  and 

name  from  its  fittntion  be- 
the  ancient    l-.atl,  Wed,  and 

other  placts  it  contains 
ills    o(  Cireat   Uritaiii.     Th;;, 
IS  mciitioiird  by   I'acirus  as  a 
!e  in  the  reir;n  of  Nero,  and 

was  fbundetl  about  the  time 

of  Chrill  4:;. 
i  undergone  great  calamities 

two  lall  were  molt  remaik 
in    1665,  whirh   Iwept  awav 

tire  ill    1666,  whieh    burnt 
ufes. 

nW-,  comprehending  \\'ei\- 
part  of  Mitldlefcx.'is  a  city 
ti-'ioiis  wealth,  and  molf  c\- 
?htliilly  and  advantapeoiillv 
he  Thaiiie^,  Iroiii  which  it 
It.  Not.hing  can  be  moir 
idi;ia  country,  confilUntr  ot 
Mclows,  larj^e  tr.uks  of  j»ar- 
;le;;aiit  villas,  belonging  to 
f  opulence. 

this  city  renders  it  dirticiilc 
e  befl  idea  that  i  an  be  lorm- 
her  of  the  people,  who  are 
m,  and  (romthc  imiltiplicity 

rvicc  ot  relif'ion.     'I'o  de 
with  which  this  ciiy  abountis 
he  moll  remarkable,  there- 
to under  this  article. 

built  of  (tone  in  the  reign 

r  1 16  J.     liom  tlui  tunc  ic 

has 


I 


rUROPE.] 


i:  U  li  O  P  r  AN    IS  L  A  N  D  s. 


gtt 


h; 


nlter.u 


las  undergone  iiMny  aKer.uuiiis  aiul  impiovment  1 
particul.iily  liiue  the  yeir  i-^d,  when  the  lioulVs  v.'ere 
taken  down,  an  '    ' 


.1  t 


le  wliolc  renilein!  more  con ve.".ieat 


and  bi  au 


iful. 


WellmiiUler-br 


'e    IS  re 


(l 


lioneil    one    ol    the  iivi 


kinil  III    the 


complete  aiul  ckg.iut  (Iru.-Uires  of  the  !■ 
known  woild.  It  is  built  entiiely  of  llone,  and  ex- 
tended over  the  river  at  a  iilace  where  it  is  1,22,1  feet 
l)road,  whi;  h  is  above  ;vy.i  feet  broailer  than  at  London- 


bridu 


Or 


a'  it  li'N-   IS  a  fine   balluilrade  of  llone, 


with  places  of  (helt;  1  Iroin  the  ram.     This  mai'iiihecit 
ftrudhire  was  begun  i  1  r  .(S,  and  fmiOied  in  1750. 

Bl.ickl'tiatsbrid.^f,  wmch,  in  magnifienic  or  work- 
maiilhip,  IS  ailo\veii  to  fall  nothing  flion  of  that  of 
VVellminller,  was  begun  in  r;6o,  ai.il  fihillicd  in 
1770.  It  is  lituat.d  alioott  at  an  eip  a!  dillaiicc  be- 
tween thole  of  Widminlier  and  London,  (Oininands 
a    view   of  the  'i'hames  lioiii  the  latter  to  Whiti  li.ill, 


and  dilcovcrs  the  majelty  of   St.  Paul^  ma  very  link- 
ing nanner. 

The  cathedral    of  .^t.   Paul  i^  one  of  the  moll  ca- 
pacious, magnificent,  and  regular  I'rotellant  chuiches 
■        '      It  <){  I'onland  llo;ie,  according 

form  of 


in  the  woi 


Ivi.     h 


,d  R.; 


to  tlie  OreeK.  ami  Koman  orders,  in  liic  torm  ot  a 
crofs,  .ifier  the  model  ol  S:.  I'eter's  at  Rome,  to  which, 
ill  I'ome  rerpeils,  it  is  ileemtil  fiperior.  'Ihisidilice 
is  the  ptincipal  wink  of  .Sir  Chridopher  W're'i,  and 
undoubudly  the  only  work  of  t!;e  f.ime  maLv.itiide  that 
ever  Was  complited  by  one  man.  He  lived  ;o  a  gnat 
age,  and  finillieil  tlie  biuUling  J7  years  after  hiin- 
(elf  laitlthe  lirll  (lone.  '1  he  cx[)eiice  of  rebuilding  it 
after  the  fire  of  London  v'.a-.  di  flayed  by  a  duty  on 
toals,  and  is  comjued  ,'.t  a  mi'lion  flerlin;;. 

\\  ellminlUt-abbey  is.,  venerable  pile  of  building  in 
th"  Ciot'iic  talle.  It  w.i;,  lirll  buiit  by  KLlwanl  the  Con- 
feli'oi.  King  lleiiiy  111.  ribuilt  it  from  the  ground;  an^l 
lleiirv  V'll.  added  a  fine  chapel  to  the  call  end  of  it. 
This  15  the  depol'itory  of  the  decealed  Britifli  kings 
and  nobility,  and  here  aic  alio  monuments  creeled  to 
perpetuate  the  mcmoriesof  p(Jet^,  p.hilofopl.ers,  htrc(.s, 
aiul  patriots. 

The  inlide  of  the  cliureh  (d"St.  Steplien,  W.ilbrook, 
is  admiied  for  us  liiihtnel's  and  eleg.iiu  e.  The  lleejili  s 
of  St.  M.irv  le-H.nv  and  St.  liiide's  are  fuppofed  to 
be  the  moll  complete  in  rheir  kind  ol  any  in  Jiurope. 
I'ew  churches  in  or  ..bout  L/mdoii  are  without  l<)mc 
beauty.  Several  if  the  new  ones  arc  built  in  elegant 
taile;  and  even  lome  of  the  chapels  have  gracefuineis 
and  p;r)piiition  10  reeommend  them. 

W'ellmiiider-hall,  though  on  t!ie  outfide  itm.ikesno 
very  adv.mta;  eous  ap[ivarance,  isa  noble  (.jotlr.c  iHiil.i- 
ing,  anil  deemed  tl-e  larj-ell  room  in  the  woild,  whole 
roof  :s  not  lu|  poriea  with  pillars.  Here  are  l;eld  the  co- 
ronation leads  of  our  kmj-'S  andtpieeni :  alio  the  courts 
of  chani  erv,  kind's  bench,  comii.oii  pleas,  and  excheipier. 

That  beautiful  column,  called  the  Monument,  erect- 
ed at  the  charge  of  the  city  to  perpetuate  the  memory 
C)f  the  dieadful  fiieof  London  in  i6()6,  is  wortiiy  of 
notice.  I'liis  monument  wa;.  begun  by  Sir  Chrilloplier 
Wieii  in   itiyi,  and  linillKd  by  him  in'i677. 

The  Royii  I'ixJianue  is  a  large  .ind'  noble  eJiiice, 
Calculated  tor  the  tranfaction  ol  con.mercial  buli.'.els  be- 
tween the  merviiants  ot  i  .ondunand  other  places. 

To  thcfe  m.iv  be  aedal  the  Tower  of  I  .ondon,  Hank 
of  l-iiigland,  Cju  Idliall,  the  College  of  Phydcians  in 
Wai  wick- lane,  Chi  ill's  I  lo'pil.il,  the  College  of  Heralds, 
New  Treulurv,  the  Admuahy-oltice,  the  llorl'e  (iuards 
at  Wliitehall,  ihe  Manfion-j.oule,  or  the  houle  of  the 
lord  mayor,  the  Cudom-houfe,  Lxcilc-ollice,  Indi.'- 
houle.  Inns  of  court,  a  git.it  manber  ot  other  public 
buddings,  befidis  the  magiiihi.ent  cdilices  raiUd  by 
the  nobility  and  gentry. 

In  the  center  of  the  town,  VAd  upon  tlie  banks  of 
the  noblell  river  in  [■  uro|,e,  v.as  a  chain  of  inelegant  | 
ruinotis  houli's,  known  bytiie  names  o(  Durham-yard, 
the  S.ivoy,  and  Somerl'et  lioul'e.  'Ihe  lird  being  pri- 
vate property,  engaged  the  notice  of  an  iii[',enioiis  ar- 
thitcilil,  'aIio   op'.i.cd    the    way   to  a  piece  of  fccnery 


ch  no  city  in  Lurope  can    -qual.     On  the  fire  of* 

uihain-varil  was  raifeil    upon  aiciiw  the  pile  of  the 

Adelphi,  ceL-br.ited  for  its    enchanting  prolpcA,    the 


i) 


utility  of  irs  whirfs,  and  it^  fubterra 


anlwerin:^  a  varieiv  of 


purp: 


)(is  of 


L-ous  ap.irtments, 
I  be 


gener.il  beneiit 


Contiguous  to  the  Adeljihi  d..nds  the  Savoy,  the  pro- 
perty of  governm  •t.t,  hit:icTo  a  nuifance;  .ind  adjoining 
to   the  Savoy,  towards    tl;c  Temple,  duod   Soinerfet- 


houle 


wlieie, 


be 


iM  the  property  of   g-ve:nment  alio. 


a  new   pile  of    buildings   for   public  ol!ice.s  has  bee 


fted 


i  anil  here,  in   a  very  iragniticcnt  edihce,  arc 


ele-ant  apartments  appointed  for  the  ufc  of  the  Riyal 
Society,  the  Royal  ,\t;'.dcir.y  of  Painting  and  Seulptuie, 
and  the  Society  of  Antiqtiaries. 

Among  the  lid  of  improvements  worthy  notice  may 
be   included  the   S!.\C1    '      '"^  '  '  " 

and  th 


Offi 


ce  in 


Ch 


incerv-l.ii.c 


and  that  very  liihllatuial  building    in   the  Old    BaileVj 
which  iloes  hjtiour    to   a  pcujilc  celebrated  for    then 


cleanlineli 


id     h 


umanitv.     Here     the     und 


ort'.in.it 


debtor  will  no  longer  be  annoyed  by  the  dreadful  rattle 
of  chains,  and  by  the  more  hoirid  founds  i;1uing  fioin 
the  lipsofthufe  wiet-hed  beings  who  let  de.l.ince  to 
all  hiw.s,  lium,in  and  divine  ,  .ind  heie-aifo  the  od'ender, 
whole  crime  i,  not  capital,  .my  enjoy  a  free  op'.m  air. 
In  the  .netroii.'jiii,  an.i  its  environs,  are  many  e.x- 
cclle.u  cl;aritable  daindations  ;  parti'ul.iily  St.  I3ar- 
tholo:!;e'.'.'s  Hofpiral  nea.-  Smithtield;  the  Small  pr-x 
lbj|p::;|  in  Coldbath-fields,  and  another  near  Battle- 
bndge-Well,;  the  Lying-in  Hofpital  in  Brownlow- 
dreet,  Long-acie;  another  in  the  City  Ro.id  j  .-.nd  a 
third  near  Wedminder-bridgej  St.  Tho'm.is'sand  Guy's 
hofpitals  in  Southwark ;  St.  George's  and  the  Lock, 
near  Hyde  Park-corner ;  the  Mtddlelex  Hofijital  in 
'I  otici,ham-Coi;rt-Roidi  die  London  Hofpital  at  Mile- 
end  i  the  M.igdalen,  t"or  the  retormation  of  proditutes, 
.and  the  Alylum,for  the  reception  of  female  orp'ians,  in 
St.  (ieorge'a  I'lelds.  To  thefe  mult  be  added,  Betil.m, 
or  Bethlem  Hofpital,  fo."  lunatics,  in  Lower  Moor- 
lield;,  ,  and  St.  Luke's,  lately  in  Upper  MooiHeids, 
but  niiw  creilcd  upon  a  large  and  extenllve  [il.ui  in  Old- 
dieet  Roa  l.lheFoundling  Hul'pital  merits  ei;ual  notice, 
as  it:,  plans  and  ereiUons  arc  equally  laudable  and  liberal. 
'I'he  new  buildings  in  the  libertv  of  VVedminfler 
have,  witlim  thefe  few  years,  increafed  to  a  prodi'dous 
degree.  .tVmoiig  them  are  feveral  magnificent  lijuares, 
as  ihofe  of  Hanover,  Berkeley,  GrolVcnor,  Cavcndilh, 
Portinan,  and  Mancheder.  To  the  ead  of  diis  lad  is 
Portland  Place,  the  buildings  in  which  arc  deemed 
(uptrior  in  grandeur  to  any  in  Lurope.  Befides  the 
above  fquarcs  there  are  St.  Jamci  s,  Soho,  Lticeder, 
tiolden,  Bloomlbury,  and  Dedford  ;  to  which  may  be 
added  the  ma^jiiiticent  I'quare  called  Lincoln's-lnn- 
Fields,  and  feveral  otliers  of  kfs  note,  both  in  the  city 
ami  diburbs. 

The  number  of  paridies  in  London  are,  97  within 
the  walls,  16  without,  19  in  the  outparilhes  of  Mid- 
dlefex,  and  11  in  the  city  and  liberties  of  Wedminder. 
The  number  of  meetiiig-houles,  for  Protedant  dil- 
leniers  of  all  deiiomin.uions,  is  very  great;  beddes 
uliicli  there  are  three  Jews  Synagogues.  The  public 
fehools  are,  that  of  St.  l',.ul ;  Merchant-Taylors  Ichool 
in  Suirolk-lane.nearCaiinoii-dreet;  the  Charter-houfe  ; 
the  Ro\al  llhool  in  W'edmiiider  ;  and  St.  Martin's 
fi  liool  near  the  King's  Mews. 

The  very  elegat't  metliod  of  paving  and  enlighten- 
ing the  I'treets  i.>  felt  in  the  moll  lenlible  manner  by 
all  ranks  and  degrees  of' people.  The  ro.tds  are  con- 
tinued tiir  I'everal  miles  .irouiul  upon  the  fame  1110. iel, 
and,  exclufive  of  la.ii[)S  legul.irly  pl.iced  on  eai  !i  fide, 
.it  Ih.ort  ilil'iiinces,  are  reudeied  more  fecure  I  y  >vatch- 
mtn  dationed  wiihin  call  of  e.ich  other.  Nothing  can 
.ippear  more  brilliant  than  the  lights  when  viewed  at  a 
didancc,  efpecilly  when  tlie  roads  run  aerofs ;  and 
even  the  principal  llreets,  fuch  as  Pall-Mall,  New- 
Bond  (Ireer,  Ox'ord  llreet,  ic.  convey  an  i  lea  of  ele- 
gance and  magnilieence. 

The  trading  p.irt  of  the  ciiy  of  London  is  divided 
inio  a  luimber  of  comjianiec.     Of  thefe  there  are  i; 


pr;n 


* 

^ 


I  ill 


!!' 


^i:  A  NFAV,  ROYAL  ani.  AUTHENTIC  SYSTF.M  or  I^NIVI  RSAl.  GFOGRM'HY. 


\   >J''     1 


;|! 


*'te 


princifal  ;  the  mercers,  grocers,  ilr.irers,  finiiiinnt;f rs, 
jToUilniitlis,  ft.itioners,  nierthant-t.iylir'-,  li.ilieri!.ilhiT>., 
i'altirs  itoiimoiimr-,  vii-.mrrs  .irii!  i  Imhwcnk!  rs  The 
citv  in,ii;i  it  rates  are  the  ltird-:ii.i\'or,  2^  alJermen, 
2^6  fonimi'.ri-i'oiincilireii,  a  recorJer,  two  llierill-,  .i 
ch.inibi  rla'.n,  a  fonunoii  ler'ie.iiu,  amt  towp.-eleik. 

The  city  ami  liberties  of  VVclliiv.fil'.er  arc  govc  rneil 
by  a  high  itcward,  a  he.ul-b.iilil}",  a  hi^h-eoiitlablcaiiil 

14  biir^elfib. 

Lxari'.cii  bixiicb  nf  men,  befiiks  the  cUtl'v,  :irc,  the 
Rov.ilSociity,  the  Col  lege  (if  Ph\  ru-i.ins.mui  th<  Sm  leiy 
of  An:iq!i.ir:ans.  Tlie  t'nrll  rei-Lli-c  ry  ct"  r.ir'ti'-s  is  Sir 
Hall^  sShvine's  Nhilium,  kept  in  liie.it  Uiili'c!  ftre  f, 
Blnonilbiiry. 

ts'iLs,  which  i*  fituated  to  tiie  e,.ft  of  MiJillel'es,  is 
extremely  fertilf,  and  abmind;.  in  rattle,  i.;ffir)n,   fttc. 

ColchclUr,  the  chief  town  of  the  coiiniy,  is  .i  large 
populo'.is  I'hce,  on  the  liver  Coin,  wl.i,  h  pilles  thiu' 
ir,  anii  is  iv.;a1p  navigable  for  l.rall  trait  up  to  tlie 
Ilithe,  a  Ion;;  11: eet,  which  may  be  calKil  tl-e  Wapping 
of  Coi'l, tiler,  where  there  is  a  convenient  quay  ;  and 
at  ^'cntioe,  within  three  miles  of  it,  is  a  rood  iiillom- 
iioufe.  This,  and  ail  the  towns  round  ir,  aic  niited 
for  n  akiiig  h.i  ze,  of  which  f»reat  qnantitiej  ar.-  ex- 
ported.    CiiUh.elleris  ailb  noted  for  excellent  oylUr'. 

Cl'.eliiisford  Hands  in  a  beautiful  plain,  haviiii'.  the 
litde  river  Chelmer  running  thrniigli  i:,  over  wi.ieh 
there  i^  a  brldj^e.  It  is  a  larce  populous  town,  alitoR 
in  tie  renter  of  the  county.  Its  fimation  render^  ii 
the  miill  freqvientrd  ;  and  it  ii  called  the  tliire  www. 

II  rwich,  a  lea  pert  town,  (<  nta  ns  one  <if  tiie 
fireil  h.irbriurs  in  I'ur.'pe.  II;e  s  allu  a  [v^o-i  ducL 
yard,  i-,  vvhich  many  Ibips  are  bi  ij-. 

Hi  ?  rioRosHiRr,  or  Hail.'brdllure,  v.l.iih  received 
)'s  nanie  'rum  th-.'  <:r-a'  no:rl)LT  c  f  harts  with  w.i.cli  it 
formerly  aboiindei!,  is  (v  ated  wtllward  <•(  I-lTex.  It  is 
a  County  pai  ticiil.i'-'iy  fertile  in  c  )rii  and  wood. 

Hertfcrd  IS  the  fls.re  town,  though  inferior  either  to 
M'are  or  St.  AlHan  s  ;n  opulence.  It  is  pleafantlv  (itti- 
.Utd  on  t;'.e  ris.T  Lea,  and  built  in  the  foriu  of  a  Roman 
Y.  It  has  two  churches,  Ail  Saints  and  .^t.  .\ii- 
tirew's. 

RiriFORDSiiiRL,  fituated  noit'i  well  of  Ilertfordniire, 
is  fiuitful  in  cor.i  ami  p.dlore. 

Bedford,  tin-  county  town,  is  a  clean,  we!i  bnilr,  popu- 
lous place.  Here  are  live  eluirJies,  of  winch  the 
rh.ef,  and  indeed  the  principal  ornament  tjf  the  town, 

15  St.  Paul's,  which  had  onic  a  college  of  |  n  beiidaries. 
The  piiory,  now  belori^iny  to  the  eail  of  AlhHurn- 
ham,  was  founded  before  the  Nonran  co:.c]U(l',  for  le- 
ciilar  rarcns.  '1  he  buildm.'s  of  this  tinvn  are  preitv 
good,  and  the  llrcets  broad,  "i  lie  north  and  foutii 
parts  ate  joined  by  a  tlone  bridge  over  the  Oufe.  A 
famous  calHe  here  was  demolill.ed  in  the  rci^m  of 
Henry  VIII.  and  the  fite  is  now  a  bowlir.i;  j^rieii, 
teskoned  one  of  the  finelt  in  I'.n^'l.in;!. 

breKiNciiAMSiifKi:,  fouth  well  (.f  I'ei'foidll.'re,  is  a 
p)!eafar.t  fruitful  county,  and  ubo'jcds  particiilaily  in 
j-hvPcal  plants. 

Bui.kin2ham,the  county  town,  ftandsin  alow  j-ronnd, 
cncoirpfTed  on  nil  fides,  but  the  north,  with  the  liver 
Otife.  The  callle,  now  in  ruins,  was  bu  It  in  the 
midiile  of  It,  and  divides  it  into  two  parts.  In  the 
iioith  pan  Hamls  the  tov.n  hall,  a  vtrv  hand.loiiie  con- 
\enieiu  llrufturc.  The  lownwa-;,  for  many  year' ,  a 
tlaplc  fijr  wool,  ind  levcral  of  its  wool  halls  are  yet 
ftaiiding  i  but  that  trade  is  r.ow  loft.  It  is  populous, 
and  ha-,  thice  Hone  bridges  over  the  Oul'e.  Its  church, 
which  is  in  the  weft  par:  of  the  town,  is  very  lar^e. 
Thelae  manufa-rtuie  is  the  principal  buhncfs  heie, 
.-.s  well  as  in  other  parts  of  the  county.  There  is  a 
roa  I  from  this  town  Iciding  to  the  Marquis  (jf  Hiick- 
uuli.im's  (late  K.trl  1  einph'<)  celebrated  Icac  ar  Stowc. 
1:  luns  in  a  llrai_dit  line,  i^bout  two  miles  up  to  tlie 
(^)rinthian  arch  ;  which,  liO'.^evcr,  I'oine'imes  elifa])- 
pe^r.,  owliu;  to  the  Mlitijf  an<l  falling  of  tlie  ground, 
ri'.e  '..n-.i  k,  pavilions,  pyramids,  ob.  |j|l<s,  monuments, 
Jjtarue-,  bulb.,  ^Cl.  which   adum  the    elcjaiu    villa  at 


Stowr,  are  .ill  hii'hly  finiftied  j  and  the  niany  inlcripn. 
ons  are  defuMied  lur  ths  ii, formation  and  inllructioii  ^i 
the  beholder. 

Oxtoiu.-iiiiM-,  fiiKiKd  tothe  veil  ,,f  Buekinnh  im- 
iTiiie,  isapleilant,  healthful,  and  lertile  ciumty." 

1  he  >ity  olOx  ofvl  Hands  on  the  ctintlu.xofthi'Char. 
well  and  His.  It  enjoys  a  fweet  air,  j,,  4  olrno'ul 
country,  on  a  fine  plain,  ariihav  evei  v  w.iy  a(;;).„h'. 
ful  profpei-t.  The  )  nviue  builciin'is  are  n;-.ir,  de 
pi'blic  ones  lumptuous ;  and  ilie  iiver  nav-'.ble  (01 
hari;es.  But  tint  ■■  hich  pivfs  it  .-»  cohfc-(]iieiue  abovt.' 
all  other  |.l.Kes  ,11  this  kingdoi,',  is  the  ohlid  and  u.oit 
loble  tiMveiliry  m  lutopp.  It  ;,  „f  I.,  ^-reat  am;, 
qtiity  as  to  have  been  an  ui.iieilitv  beiw.en  eiiiht  or 
nine  bundled  years.  'I  he  conftittitiDn  is  fo  ifj.'ul"ar,  tie 
endowments  \\)  plentiful,  tl  e  manli..ni  I'.i  cojivci.'ieiu 
for  ftndy,  mid  ev.  ry  ihin{;  lo  aj-reea'.ile  to  the  educa- 
tion of  youth,  and  the  accoit  plilhm.  :tt  o!  Undents,  tlit 
It  IS  no  wonder  I'lich  iiumlier.  ol  Uarncd  11  en  are  daily 
lent  aliroad  Tt  tie  fervi.e  ol'  thr  cinrch  and  lUte.  It 
contains  lotolle^es;  fiveh.dls;  a  llauly  pile,  callut 
the  fchools,  wheteii  exerciles  lor  ihi-  llveial  degierj 
are  [  erforired  ;  the  thcitiv,  tlie  molt  miumhcent 
buiidini;  of  the  ki:  tlin  the  wo, Id;  the  Clare -.don  print- 
ins^  houi-,  wh'(ii  likewile  Pir)a(i"cs  ev  ry  ihini;  of  4 
fill  liar  nature  in  the  unvirle;  tlie  iiiUleuiii,  coiuiiiii- 
irt^  a  eheniie,  1  elabor  it(-ry  ;  4  iiiiolitory  of  natural  ar,d 
artifii  ial  cur;oli!:i  s  and  a  itiquiiif.  J  \  Jibraiv;  4  phv- 
fic  paiden,  Sci'.  It  ii- i^ovcn.ed  liy  a  clunciilor,  vnt- 
chancellor,  &:c. 

Gi.oce!  t  IP,  !tmi,  fituated  to  rhe  wellward  of  O-x- 
fordll.iie,  '•.  tolerably  pleafai.t,  but  iiuiiifereiiily  Itrtilr. 

(jloiueib  r  is  a  well  b  1  1'.,  clean,  lualthy  city,  fc- 
cured  bv  the  river  on  one  fuU  ,  a  brai  t  h  of  whicli  biim  ^ 
tipve'.lrlsof  a  conf'derable  Inirtl  en  to  its  walls.  It 
has  a  be.tu!  fil  (a'ledral,  fve  » luirehes,  and  i,,  we.l 
prwvided  wi.h  lu,fp  tals.  Th  •  cathedral  is  an  antient 
but  macniticent  fabric,  and  has  a  towrr,  which  is  one 
of  the  neateft  and  molt  curious  pieces  cT  archit.ctiir;- 
in  I'liijlind,  and  a  whifp-riiiL;  [iLice,  as  in  tlic  cuoola  of 
St.  Paul's.  Mere  is  a.i  elei-ai  t  (lone  br di'c  over  the 
river,  with  a  kcv,  wharf,  and  cuftom-lioufe.  Abundanci: 
of  crolTes,  and  llatiies  ol  tlie  kinj's  of  Enida.id,  .irt  d.l- 
peiled  in  diftcrent  pans  ol  ilie  city,  and  large  remains 
of  iTionalleries.  Its  town-hall,  for  the  affize,  is  called 
the  Booth-hall.  L'nder  the  brid;',e  is  a  curious  ma- 
chine, which  raifes  water  t)  leive  the  town;  thoiiuh 
it  is  alio  lupplied  from  Ro!  in  Hood's  Well,  which  is 
,1  mile  or  f.w)  out  of  tie  city,  Cheltenham  is  noted 
for  its  mineral  waters,  tor  which  it  h.is  been  much  be- 
cjuented,  and  is  now  more  In,  havini^  oht.uned  the 
l.inrtionof  a  vilit  from  their  m.ijeltie.s,  and  a  part  of 
the  royal  family. 

MoNMoitTHsiiiRK,  which  Was  f;rincrly  part  of 
Wales,  's  rhe  molt  wellern  Mnglilh  county  tow.irils 
Sou'h  Wales. 

Monn  ouih,  12  miles  from  IIereri)rd,  reives  name 
ro  the  counlv,  and  has  itsown  from  ihe  mouth  of  ihp 
river  Miiiway,  at  whiih  it  is  fituated.  It  lh>nds  [ijea- 
latnly  between  that  river  and  the  Wye,  over  each  ol 
which  it  has  a  bridge.  It  has  bem  a  place  of  note 
ever  fmce  the  eonquell  ;  lor  the  callle,  now  m  runs, 
was  a  ftately  edifice  ar  that  time.  There  are  Hill  ic- 
iTainlnt;  liu  h  parts  of  i's  foi  tificatioiis  as  H.ew  that  it 
was  formerly  very  Ibong.  I'he  town  ii,  in  a  rnannei, 
fuiroiinded  by  water,  there  beino;  another  iiver,  thp 
Trothy,  over  which  it  has  alio  a  bridii;c.  It  has  a 
(lately  church,  the  eaft  end  of  which  is  curioully  bmjr. 
1  he  place  cairies  on  a  coiilidt  rable  trallic  with  BrilU)! 
by  means  of  tlie  Wye. 

I  iLRrroRnsHiRL,  north  of  Monmoutlilliire,  is  one 
of  the  moll  ferule  counties  in  L'.nyland,  and  p.irticulatly 
celebrated  (or  i"i  cyder. 

Hereford,  the  cnly  city  in  this  county,  lias  a  i;oad 
ftone  bridijeof  ei;<ht  arches  over  t'le  Wye,  .ind  is  en- 
coiiipalfed  with  livers  on  ,ill  fide,  but  the  well.  Its  n.imc 
fi(jn,tics  the  ford  of  an  army,  it  havini^  been  for  feve- 
ral  hundred  yt  ars  t!ieh;.-id  quarters  of  the  S.i.sons  be- 
»  foic 


n 


0>. ...  .  '3&i^ 


I. 


CFOGUAPHY. 


tUROI'F..] 


t  U  R  O  I'  F.  A  N    ISLAND  S. 


Ii(i1  i  ;inil  fhr  i7:any  inliTipr,- 
.toriiutii'M  ami   iniliuctioii  ul 

tothi-vra  ..f  Buclrinohim- 
i't;l,  Jml  Itrrile  (ountv. 

'!•  »>li  tllc-CdflCuxof  tl)(.'L'h,ir. 

■    •'   f'v.trt    air,   III  4   i.|,M,:'i,l 

.'  il  li.iv  rvciy  way  a  ild.'thr- 

i  r    bii:lii:n'!s  arc    lu-.ir,  "t!,e 

•I'lii  ihe  i:vfr  nav  j.^ble   loi 

!  iWA  ;t  a  ninlVciiiriKC  .ibovt 

,!-'i"i.',    s  ill?  i)iat:l  anil  u.cil 

If.      Its    (jf  Id  j.;re,it    aiii:- 

ii'.iwil-cv   betw.ci!  cii<ht  or 

;fu((il!i(uii.)n  IS  Id  icL-ufar,  tl.f 

tl  (•  iranlh.ni  r,>  nuivci.i  lu 

[■,  111  a;T«-ia!il!-   n>   the  cJuij. 

10:1  i'l;lhr.i.;u<i'  limlrnis,  tl  a 

II  ■  i'(   liarnvJ  II  en  are  daily 

<'•   t!i-  i="  r>li   iiiul  liatc.    U 

cl)■.li^i   a   liaMly  |,,|,.,   c^l|,j 

I  tiles  (or  ihc  I'cviral  tliRJcs 

<Mtr.-,   (he    I,, .lit     mi;!n:fu-(i;t 

■■j:U';  tl'.f  L'larc,-,(!o;i  priiit- 

•  I  T)  aliirs  cv  rv  thmi;  nt'  a 
V  ric  i  the  ii.iili-iim,  contain. 
)  ,  a  ripclitury  of  natural  ;uk1 
(tuinitie.  i  1  libraiy  ;  a  pin- 
viri;td  by  a  cluiictllor,   v.>t. 

niatf-1  ri)  rlie  •A.i-lhvarJ  of  ()x- 
■alait,  liiitiniiiilVrcDily  fcnih-. 

•  1  1',  dean,  healthy  iity,  fc- 
■  I'uU,  abrai  i  h  of  wliuh  biin.;, 
ble  biirihcii  to  its  walls.  It 
,  fvc  .hurihi-s,  and    i.,   wd 

'Ih  •  cathedral  is  an  ar.tient 
ind  his  a  ttiwrr,  which  i-,  one 
curious  [.ii-trs  cf  archif.rtiir;- 
••niicr  pla.e,  as  i:i  the  c.iijula  of 
elei-ai  t  Hum-  br.dj'c  ever  the 
ar.d  iiilloii'.-l.oiili-.  Abih-.dai.fc 

the  kioi's  of  Ln!;la,id,  ^re  tiA- 
of  the  City,  and  large  remains 
n-hall,  for  the  affi/.e,  is  called 

the  bridi'.e  is  a  curious  rra- 
•r  t  >  Iciv"  the  to'.vn  ;  though 
:iol  in  Hood's  Well,  which  is 
e  city.  Chi  Ittiihani  is  noted 
if  which  it  has  been  much  fie- 
lore  fo,  havin;^  obtained  the 
:licir  majeltics,  a;:d  a  j,arc  of 

'liicli  was  furintrly  ]mt  of 
Icrn   K.nglilh   county   towards 

;  fiorr,  Ilei-ehird,  pives  name 
tsown  fniin  ilu-  mouth  of  ihr 
it  is  fiiuated.  It  it.'nds  plea- 
r  and  the  Wye,  over  each  ot 
It  has  bem  a  place  of  rote 
for  the  callle,  r.ow  m  runs, 
lat  time.  I'heie  are  Hill  le- 
I.  loitifications  as  il.ew  that  ic 
.  The  town  ii,  i;i  a  maniiei, 
lere  being  another  iivcr,  the 
has  alio  a  bridj^e.  It  lias  a 
nd  of  which  is  curiotilly  bnilr. 
oiifiderablc  trallic  with  i5rillol 

til  <it  iMoninni!t!ill;ire,  Is  I'tie 
es  111  L'.iigland,  and  jiarticulaily 

y  in  tliis  county,  has  a  pood 
lies  over  t'.c  Wye,  and  is  eii- 
all  fidcs  but  the  welt,  lis  name 
irmy,  it  havin<>  been  li  r  feve- 
;ad  quarters  of  tiie  S.IaOps  be- 
to:  e 


fore  the  ronqiiefl,  and  of  ilie  I'tn;!!!)  afterward  ,  who 
were  llationrd  litre  to  krcji  the  Vielfii  in  .\\\'\  H  foie 
tlie  civil  wais  it  had  fix,  but  has  now  o  ily  four  <  hniclic  ,. 
The  laihcdral  is  a  iiU|',hifK<  nt  Itrui'tiire,  and  contains 
iiioiuiiveiits  of  its  aiiticiit  prelates.  The  billiop's  caftlc, 
lire  dole  with  the  digniiaries  liuules,  and  the  college 
of  the  vicacs  and  chorilters,  are  pl.-alaiitls  (ituatcd.  Ir 
is  a  larpe,  b  it  not  very  poiniious  city  j  the  lunilti  olci 
jihl  mean,  and  ijie  I'trc.is  liirty,  by  rcaloa  of  its  lo.. 
iiiuation. 

WcrRci'.ri.RsiiiiM,  I orili  ealt  of  Ilereroidiliire,  is  a 
well   watered  and  verv  innirul  county. 

Worceltrr,  on  the  .Si  vein,  over  which  it  has  a  fin, 
hone  bridge,  is  the  capital.  The  reiratkabie  battle  in 
1651,  when  Charhs  II.  was  defeated  by  Croiiiv.cli,  w.i  . 
fought  near  the  fouih  !;ate  of  the  city,  where  bones  ot 
the  flain  are  frequently  dii;»  up.  The  chief  manufac- 
iuic»  of  t'le  place  are  broail  cloth,  t^loves,  and  por- 
celauif-,  which  is  a  compolition  of  ainidille  nature,  be- 
tween rint  earth  and  [dihi.  The  publK  buildings  make 
a  gr.ind  appearance,  efptcially  the  r/idcihall,  and  the 
workhoiife.  It  had  formerly  a  cafilr,  and  walls  witi 
three  gates,  and  live  watch  towers  j  ail  long  lince  de- 
firoyed.  1  he  r.Tthrdial,  wlucli  is  ex.idtly  the  model 
of  that  of  Brutlel.,  i-,  .1  huge  edilice,  but  not  very 
elegant,  exce|it  the  clio;r  01  ti.e  (li.ij)cl,  on  the  fouth 
(Ide,  which  is  of  cuiic.i:.'  woikiiianlhip.  A  handfome 
library  belongs  to  the  c.ithciir.il,  fiipjoite,!  bv  one  fi:iglc 
pillar  in  the  iiudcile.  1  lere  are  the  momimerts  of  king 
John;  prince  Artluir,  b:niher  to  Henry  V'lll.  the 
countefs  of  Salillniry  ;  and  other  illulbious  peil>  'is. 
Kefides  the  cathedral,  there  are  nine  parifh  churches. 
The  lireets  are  broad  biuI  well  paved  ;  the  I'oregatt- 
ftreet  is  rei^til.ir  and  beautiful.  The  hof|'itals  drierve 
notice,  efpecially  that  noble  one  eredecl  by  Robert 
He:klev,  of  S]  etchln',  who  lai.l  out  :joo1.  in  the 
building,  and  4'.ojl.  in  endowing  It  fir  1 1  poor  men. 
HelHtes  this,  there  .ue  fix  or  feven  others.  The 
Seveiii,  thouj'li  ^-enerallv  rapid  eirewliere,  glides  by 
^Vo;Telter  very  gently.  Here  is  a  good  water-lioule 
and  quay. 

WARwicKSiiTiir,  to  the  cafr  of  Worccftcrrtiire,  is 
verv  (citile,  and  panuiilarlv  fiinoiisfor  its  inn  work*:. 
Cfivritry  is  united  with  I.itchlield  in  .Sfairordfliire, 
as  a  bidiopiic.  There  are  many  traditional  Itories  re- 
latins^  to  this  citv,  partirnlirly  that  of  lady  (i;;dina, 
who,  to  obtain  and  per|ietu  ite  fomc  privileges,  rode 
naked  through  the  fticets;  ,ind  an  annual  procellion  is 
1:111  made  through  (he  town  in  commemoration  of  it. 
This  citv  i^  large  .md  populous,  but  the  buildings  are 
f)ld  ,  and  fume  cf  them,  whicii  aie  bu:lt  of  t  iiiber, 
proje,;^  out  lo  much,  that  in  the  narrow  fireets  the  tops 
of  the  oppofite  hoults  almoft  touch.  The  chief 
rhmihes  areSt.  Mu  hat  I'.s  and 'I'linuy.  The  I'roteltant 
dillenters  are  a  conlidcrable  body  here.  The  town- 
houfc  IS  worth  feeing,  the  windows  being  of  |)aintcd 
gjafs,  reprefcnting  (ome  of  the  old  kings,  &:c.  who 
have  been  bcnefailors  to  this  city.  Its  chief  manufac- 
tures are  tammies,  and  the  weaving  of  ribbons. 

\V:;rwick,  on  the  Avon,  the tountv  town,  ftandson 
a  fituaticn  nmaikably  rocky.  It  is  of  great  antiquity, 
and  mav  be  approached  by  f)ur  ways,  anfwering  to  the 
points  of  ihe  cnivjiafs,  and  cut  thiougli  rocks.  Thefe 
lead  to  four  ftreets,  which  meet  in  the  center  of  the 
town.  The  walls  an  1  cellai;.  are  made  in  the  rock,  h 
is  fi'pplird  with  water  by  j^ipes  from  fprings  half  a 
mile  ort,  and  has  a  noble  Itone  bridge  of  12  arches  ovi 
the  Avon.  Here  is  a  caftle,  the  principal  ornament  of 
the  place,  'Irong  both  by  .11 1  ,ind  nature.  The  r'lck 
on  which  it  fiands  is  40  leet  irom  the  river;  but  on 
the  north  fide  It  is  even  with  th-t  tirwn.  I'loiu  its  ter- 
race, which  is  above  50  feet  perpendicular  above  the 
Avon,  there  is  a  piofpccfl  of  the  river,  and  a  beautiful 
country  beyond  it.  The  apartments  of  the  caltle  arc 
well  c(<ntrived,  and  many  of  them  adorned  with  origi- 
nal p  fturrs  by  Van  Dyke.  It  was  built  origin. illy  by 
W'illiam  the  Conqueror.  Near  tlie  town  is  Guy's  Clifl, 
a  high  perpendicular  rock,  where  Guv,  eail  of  War- 
No.  8j. 


Wick, 


9'J 


aid  to  have  liv  d  atifrniir,  after  Lis  c'e'VatJna 
tile  Daniih  ^riant  Colbrand.  j  li,  (word  aad  other  ac- 
toutreiiu-nfs  are  It, II  llr.  wn  in  the  caftle. 

Birmingham  li  a  very  laij^e  populous  town,  the 
upper  part  ot  which  Hands  dry  on  liie  hde  of  a  hill,  but 
the  lower  1.  watery,  and  inhabited  by  the  meaner  fort 
of  jieop  e.  1  hey  aic  empkn  td  lu  re  in  the  iron  work$, 
'"  '*""-''  '"ly  "le  Uich  ingenious  artificers,  th.it  their 
pnfurmances,  i„  the  frail  wares  of  iron  and  Heel,  arc 
ac^miicd  bodi  at  home  and  abroad.  It  is  much  improv- 
i^d  of  late  years,  bith  in  publx  and  private  bud.lin-s. 
Near  till,  town  is  a  !eat  beh,ng'ng  to  Sir  l.iiler  Hc'jr, 
bait,  but  converted  into  jiublic  g ard  ns,  with  an  orgarl 
and  o-.her  mudc,  in  imitation  of  \'aiixhall,  which 
the  nan  e  it  now  goes  by. 

NoarnA.Mi'TONsiiikn,    eall  of  Warwickfhiie 

lels  waltc  jjiouiid   than  any  other  county,  and  conle 
quiiitly  i,s  tx'  eiding  rich  and  fertle. 

Nuitliampton  flan 
has  two  bii.icre 


IS 


has 


us  upon  the  N-n,  over  which  it 
Hie  buildings  were  liandfon.e,  and 
the  town  laige  (having  leven  parifh  churches  within  the 
walb,  and  two  without)  when  it  was  reduced  tu  allies 
by  adicuiful  tire  in  1675.  Liberal  contr  butions  from 
all  p.irts  ol  the  kinidom  reltorcd  it  in  a  .'leat  meafurc 
to  Its  original  li/c ;  and  for  nea'nefs,  "beauty,  anci 
lituaiKin,  tew  towns  ecpiil  it.  It  lias  four  chiirches, 
ot  which  the  great  one,  viz.  AlUiallows,  is  a  handibinc 
edifice,  witli  a  (lately  portico  of  1  :t  lofty  It  nic  co- 
lumns, and  a  (latuc  of  king  Charles  II.  on  the  balu- 
ltr.de.  It  frauds  near  the  center  of  th«  town,  and  at 
the  meeting  of  four  fpacious  I'treets.  The  lefiions  and 
adizehoulc  is  a  very  beautiful  building  of  the  Coi  inthian 
order.  1  he  market  jja  e  is  one  of  ;he  fmeft  in  Eu- 
rope. The  horfc  market  is  thought  to  exceed  any 
other  of  the  l.ind  in  L.ngiand.  Its  molt  confiderablc 
manufiiitorc  is  (hoes,  of  wiiidi  great  numbers  ai-  ex- 
ported ;  die  next  to  that  Itockings.  A  coumr  ho(- 
pital  is  built  here  afti  r  the  manner  of -he  intirm.iric's  of 
Londun,  Briilol,  Bath,  ivc.  and  the  river  Ne:i  iiag 
lately  been  made  navig.ible  up  to  the  town. 

HuNTiNCDoNsHiHi;,  to  the  call  of  Northampton- 
fhire,  is  .1  great  corn  and  pafhire  county,  and  abounds 
in  tilh  and  wildfowl. 

Huntingdon,  near  the  Oufe,  over  which  it  lias  a  ftone 
bridge,  is  t!ie  conltant  place  for  the  allize,  as  well  as 
t;ie  Count',  go.il,  and  is  a  populous  tiitding  town,  con- 
lifting  chielly  of  (jne  large  fleet,  v.dl-built,  with  a 
handl.ime  market-place,  and  a  good  grainmar  fcliool. 
More  beautiful  meadovys  are  not  to  be  feen  anv  where 
than  cm  tlie  banks  of  the  river,  whicli,  in  the  Cummer, 
are  covered  with  numerous  herds  of  cattle,  and  flocks 
of  (heep.  The  biidge,  or  rather  bridges,  with  the 
caulewav, are  ornaments,  as  well  as  benefits  to  the  town. 
Camiiimdoisiiiri;,  including  the  Iile  of  Ely,  is  fitua- 
ted  to  the  welt  of  Suffolk,  and  is  in  general  very 
fertile. 

Cambridge  is  fo  called  f;om  its  fituation  on  the 
banks  of  ilie  Cam,  which  forms  leveral  iflands  on  the 
\  ell  fide,  and  divides  the  town  into  two  parts,  which 
are  ioined  by  a  lai  go  (tone  bridge.  It  is  very  ancient, 
being  well  known  in  the  tiine  of  the  Komans  by  the 
name  of  Camboritum.  William  the  Conqueror  built 
a  callle  heie,  of  wh.ich  the  gare-houfe  is  Hill  (landing, 
and  ul'ed  for  the  county  go.il.  The  town  is  divided 
into  10  wards,  has  14  parilh  churches,  contains  up- 
v/.irds  of  I  :oo  houfes,  for  the  moll  part  irregularly 
built,  and  .ibout  6000  inhabitants. 

rills  iinivcrlity  contains  12  colleges  and  four  halls, 
is  a  cor|>ora'.ion  ot  itielt,  and  governed  by  a  cliancellor, 

high-llewMid,  vice-chancellor,  i\:c. 

Stotirbridge,  a  large  (pcjt  of  ground  near  Cambridge, 

is  famous  f>r  one  of  the  greatellannual  fairs  in  England. 

The  chief  articles  ibid  here  confill  of  woollen    clotli, 

hops,  iron,  wool,  leather,  and  cheefe. 

Ely,  an  ancient  city,  lituated  in  the  fenny  countiy, 

called  the  Ille  of  Ely,  and  bring    furroundcd  by   the 

Oulc-  and  other  dreams,  is  unhealtliv,  tliough  it  (lands 


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Photographic 

Sdences 
Corporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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A  NEW,  ROYAI.  and  AUTHrN'TIC  SYSTr.MoF  lINIVERASALGEOGRAPriY. 


i    'i 


Henry  I.  The  r.uhetliMl  aivl  t!ie  bifliop's  p.ilaro  art- 
its  chief  ornaments:  'lie  KriniT  h.is  a  rciiuikablc  iloinc 
an  I  l.iniliorn. 

Newiri.irki!,  :i  l.aniU'ivne,  will  I'U, It  town,  confillint', 
of  (inc  loiij;  llrc'cr,  the  north  iklc  ol  wh  i  li  is  in  Si.f 
(oik,  i>  (.I'liods  t,ir  horlV-r.u\s,  ami  ir.ii'.  h  !iec)iiciit<-ii 
by  peri'ons  of  all  ranks.  'I'he  town  is  not  moilci  m,  as 
the  name  imjiorts  ;  for  it  was  cf  note  ii'.  I'tlw.iril  Ill's. 
tinu- ;  but  being  burnt  down  in  168"!,  was  afterwniis 
rebiiih.  BclV-lc;  t!ie  p.irifli  chiirrhoi' St.  Mai y's,  there 
is  alio  a  fiiiail  chi:reh,  All-Saints,  whiJi  is,  pr()|Hily 
fpeakin^r,  only  a  chapel  of  vM'c  to  Wood-Ditton,  in 
Camliritigelhire.  It  i^  a  healtiiy  jilaee,  antl  on  a  ip.iel- 
oiis  heaih,  wh;eh  is  the  t'lnefl  coinle  in  I'.n^lanii.  1  lere 
are  fcveral  verv  wiile,  lleep,  and  long  ditehcs,  which 
were  riu  by  the  Kail  An^lrs,  to  keep  out  tlie  Mt  rciau'- ; 
one  of  which,  beint;  a  llupentlous  work,  nuic  h  fiiperi- 
or  to  the  nil,  has  obtained  the  name  of  the  Devil's 
Ditch  ;  whicli  runs  niany  miles  over  the  heath. 

bjrroi.K,  a  maritime  countv,  Htuated  \\f'\  of  th- 
German  Ocean,  li.is  but  an  indiU'erent  loil,  but  is  well 
watered. 

Ipiwich  w.is  cure  in  a  nourifliiiip  ftate,  as  appears 
froin  the  great  nuivber  of  fliips  that  bilonsTcd  to  ir, 
whtn  it>  harbour  was  more  commoilious ;  and  it  h.ul 
21  churches  ot  \s'uch  now  only  i  :  remain.  The  tide 
rills  here  i :,  .-.rd  fome:imes  i.|  feet.  The  town  is 
populous,  abou:  a  m.lc  loner,  and  fomet'iiiig  more  in 
br(adth,  forming;  a  l'>rt  of  half  ir.oon  on  the  banks  of 
tl  e  river,  overwhich  it  huS  a  i'.nod  bti-h-e  of  (l')ne.  It 
is  a  corporation;  and  its  chief  manuiactures  are  luicn 
and  woollen.  Here  arc  a  convenient  (]uay  ..nd  cuftoin- 
houie. 

Nop.roi.K,  •..  m:^ritime  cnun:y,  to  the  north  o'' Suf- 
folk, is  excecd:n::ly  fruitful. 

Norwieh  is  a  l.ir;.',e  c:ty,  near  the  eoi,l1ux  of  the  ri- 
vers \  cnlder  and  '^  arc.  It  llands  on  the  fide  of  a  hiil, 
and  is  near  two  mdes  in  length,  and  one  in  Ireadih. 
Tlie  town  is  irregular;  tliuiigh  the  buiUhnc,  both 
public  and  private,  aie  neat  and  hamifome.  The  ma- 
I  ufadtiucs,  for  the  greateil  part,  are  ciapes  and  IhifTs, 
of  which  valtr]uantities  are  lent  from  yarmouth(a  neii.^h- 
bouring  fea  purt)  to  1  loUai.d,  Germ.iny,  Sweden,  and 
other  parts  in  the  Haltic.  It  has  12  gates,  and  fix 
br.dpes  over  the  Yarc;  _:;'>  churches,  belule- thecatlie- 
ilral,  and  tiiaj.els  and  meetinfr-houles  of  all  denomina- 
tions. The  I  oof  of  the  catliciiral,  a  lariie,  venerable, 
and  handlome  firuiliire,  is  adorned  with  ih.c  hi'.tory  of 
tlic  bible.  The  choir  is  large  and  fp.'.eious.  1  lere  are 
two  ilu.rchis  for  'ic  iJutch  and  Irench  b  lemings,  who 
cniov  fngul.M'  privilejv  s. 

Yarmouth  is  a  fia  port  of  preat  ftreneth,  boili  from 
art  and  nature.  It  is  eheen'.ed  the  kev  of  this  cuaft  ; 
but  thouj-'h  tl'.e  harbour  is  a  line  one,  it  is  dangerous  in 
wm'.iy  weather.     This  place  is  noted  lor  its  lurnnas. 

l.iNcoi.NSHiRi  isalar:c  p.lentil'ul  maritime  countv, 
fituated  to  the  welt  of  the  German  (Jcean,  and  divid- 
»d  into  three  parts,  viz.  Holland,  Kelteven,  and  I.ind- 
lev.     'X  he  princij.al  j'lace  in  the  firlt  is 

Eofton,  on  the  \\  jtham,  which  is  navigable  to  I  ,in- 
coln.  This  town  was  formerly  made  a  ll.iple  for  wool, 
111  d  the  irerchants  of  the  Hans  'I'owns  fixed  tlieir  gu.ld 
liere.  It  is  a  j.'lealant,  \scll  built  town,  and  has  a  good 
toreif^n  and  inl'.nd  trade,  its  church  is  reckoned  tlie 
largtit  pnrifl)  i.huich  without  crofs  ayles  in  all  tlie  world. 
Its  tower,  orlleeple,  is  famous  for  its  height  and  work- 
manfliii;.  It  Las  a  beautiful  cdtagon  lanthon  on  the 
trjp,  ■■■.hich  is  leen  near  40  miles  tveiy  way  ;  but  elpe- 
c;ally  on  th.e  lea,  i;S  t.ir  a-,  the  entrar.te  of  thed.inger- 
ous  Ci'i.innels  cailc  1  Lynn-deeps  and  Holt'>)i-deeps ;  lo 
that  it  is  the  guide  of  manners,  as  well  as  tlie  v.oiider 
iif  tr.iveilers,  and  is  a  magnificent  fpecimen  of  a  fine 
Gothic  tafle.  The  t'lwn  luis  a  commodious  haven,  and 
lb  pk;it;fully  fupplied  with  frelh  water  by  pij)es  from  a 
pond,  cr.cloled  in  the  gieat  common  called  the  Well 
Fenn. 

'lie  ].rinc;].al  pl.ire  of  Kcfleven  is  .St.imford,  on 
lie    Vttiiaiid,  which  is  navigable   for    barges.      I'hc 


%- 


town  is  finely  fmi.itcd  ori  the  declivity  of  a  hill,  ha?  .•» 
ftone  bridge  of  five  arches,  a  town  hall,  fix  parifli 
churches  i>nd  a  conlideiablc  trade  in  malt,  coals,  and 
fiee- ftone. 

(irantham,  an  ancient  town  on  the  river  Withatr 
h  ,s  leveral  good  inns  of  great  refort.  It  is  well 
built.  II<re  is  a  line  l.rge  chuich,  with  a  hardiDme 
f[  ite,  which,  by  a  deception  of  t!ie  (ighr,  fecmsto  ibinil 
awrv.  A  good  free-fchool  was  built  and  ttidowed  hcic 
by  Bifliop  box,  where  Sir  Ifaac  Newton  receiied  hi.^ 
liil:  -ducation. 

I.in.ifey  divillon  contains 

Ijneoln,  bullion  the  fide  of  a  hill,  at  the  bottom  of 
which  rtins  the  river  Wiiham  in  three  Imall  channels, 
ov.  r  which  are  fevenil  bridges.  The  cathedral  was  ef- 
teemeil  the  glory  of  Lincoln  j  for  its  majniticence  and 
elevation  is  futh,  that  the  monks  concluded  it  would 
chagrin  the  devil  to  look  at  it,  and  thence  an  cnviou. 
look,  by  a  proveilial  eNi^reflion,  is  lompared  to  th.e 
dev.l  looking  over  I  .ineoln.  I  he  city  tormrrlv  abound- 
ed with  monalteries  aid  churches.  In  the  cci.ter  of 
theold  ealtle,  which  was  built  by  t!ie  Romans,  and  re- 
pared  by  the  Saxons,  is  a  modern  ftrucluie,  where  the 
alli/es  are  held.  The  ri:y  is  a  county  of  itfelf,  and  has 
ex'cnfive  power  and  privileges.  On  the  down  of  Lin- 
coln is  fometiireslien  that  rare  bird  called  the  Bul'tard. 
'1  he  country  hereabout  is  very  rich  and  agreeable  ;  the 
noble  tr.'.ck  of  Lincoln  I  leath  extending,  like  Salifbury 
Plain,  above  50  miles.  'I'he  catliedral  w.is  fuccef- 
fiveiy  brought  to  perfcdion  bv  fcveral  of  its  bifliops. 
llcie  is  the  tinelt  anil  largel't  iiell  in  England,  tailed 
Tom  of  Lincoln,  ne.ir  five  ton  weight,  and  near  23 
feer  in  coinpals. 

Ki' ri.AM'SHiRK,  to  the  fouth  v.dt  of  Lincolnlhirc, 
is  the  fmallelt  county  in  England,  but  coiiMins  more 
p:irkst!\an  ar.y  other,  ami  is  as  fertile  as  ple.il'.ir.t. 

Oakhair,  the  lime  town  for  the  alf/e,  is  fituatc  in 
the  little  bit  rich  vale  (  f  Ctmos,  and  famous  for  its 
market,  fairs,  callle,  hofpitals,  and  free  Icl-.ool.  This 
town  is  particularly  remarkable  for  an  ancient  cuftom 
Hill  kept  up,  viz.  that  <very  peer  of  the  realm,  the 
tirll  time  becomes  through  this  town,  fball  give  a  horfe- 
fhoe  to  nail  upon  the  calUe-gate  ;  and  if  he  refutes, 
the  bailiff  of  the  manor  has  ptjwer  to  flop  his  coach, 
and  take  the  llioe  from  one  of  his  linrl'es.  I'his  is  now 
called  the  onier  of  the  liMrle-llioe ;  audit  is  common 
for  ti  e  doner  to  have  a  lariic  one  inaile  with  his  name 
n..mp,ed  on  it,  and  often  gilt.  One  ovi  r  the  judges 
feat,  111  the  allize  hall,  is  ofcuriou.,  woikmanfliip. 

LticFsiiKsiRi .  fruated  to  the  welt  of  Rutland- 
flure,  is  a  plcntifi.l  county. 

Leiciiicr,  the  chief  town,  is  the  largefr,  belt  built, 
and  molt  populous  in  tl;e  Ihirc  :  it  has  fix  p.irillies,  and 
five  churches.  The  freemen  ate  exempt  from  toll  in 
ail  markets  in  England.  Tliere  is  an  cxipiifite  piece  of 
workmanlliipin  the  high  ftreet,  in  form  of  Our  Saviour's 
crofs.  The  hof[),ta!,  built  by  Henry  I'lantagenet, 
duke  of  Lanc.dter,  is  luppontd  by  fome  revenues  of 
the  duchy  of  Lancaltcr,  lo  as  to  be  capable  of  main- 
taining an  hui.died  agid  perlbns  decently.  It  was  re- 
built in  1776,  at  his  m.i)eft\'s  expence.  There  is  an- 
other near  the  abbey  for  lis  widows.  The  inhabitants 
have  greatly  improved  in  their  manulafture  ofltockings 
wove  in  frames,  and  leiurn  in  th.it  article  a  large  luni 
annually.  Before  the  cafde  was  ililmantled  it  was  u 
noble  work.  Its  hall  and  kitchen  kill  remain  entire  ; 
and  the  for;n«r  is  lo  loltyand  fpaciouj,  tii.,t  it  is  made 
a  court  of  ]ultice  at  the  allizes.  One  of  the  gateways 
of  this  olaic  has  an  .irth  ol  curious  workm,inl}iij> ;  and 
in  the  tower,  over  it,  is  kept  iIk'  magazine  fur  the 
county  militia.  St.  Marg.aict's  cluuth  is  a  r.oble  and 
elegant  llrudiure, 

Noi  Ti.scHAM.siiiRi;,  to  the  north  of  Leictfterfhire, 
is  fruitful  towards  the  eaftwaid  j)a:t,  but  unfertile 
wtltward. 

Nottingham  ftandspltafantly  on  theafccntof  a  rock 
overlooking  the  tivei  Trent,  which  runs  parnllel  with 
it  abuut  a  mile  to  thu  fouth,  and  i^as  been  made  navi. 

gable 


forti 


EOGRAPriY. 

declivity  of  ,1  hill,  hai  .^ 

a  t.jv.n  iiall,    Cx  panni 

trade  in  malt,  conls,  anJ 

n  on  the  river  Witliair, 
:ri-at   rtCort.     It    is  well' 

(hutch,  with  a  h.ir.ciiDirK- 
nCt'iedghr,  ri-cmstoit.nKt 
V.  built  .ii\0.  triilowed  hcrt- 
j.ic    Ncuton  rccii.cil  hi^ 


nfa  hill,  at  the  bottom  of 

n  in  ihrcc  Iniall  channels, 

The  cathedral  was  el'- 

for  itsni,;  'nificence  and 
lonks  conthidfd  it  would 
It,  and  thtnce  an  tnviou, 
(lion,  is  compared  to  th.e 
I'iie  city  formerly  abound- 
rchcs.  In  the  cei.ter  of 
t  by  tlie  Romans,  and  re- 
idcrn  ftriicluie,  where  the 
a  county  of  iifelf,  and  has 
On  the  down  of  IJn- 
e  bud  called  the  Bultard. 
•   rich  and  agreeable;  the 

xtcndui!:,  likeSalifbury 
e  cathedral  was  liiccef- 
bv  fc  veral  of  its  biQiops. 
t  Ih'II  in  LinglanJ,  tailed 
tun  weight,  and   rear  2j 

tith  weft  of  Lincolnlhire, 
jjlaiid,  but  ccjiuains  more 
s  fertdcas  {ilc.diuit. 
or  the  MT./c,  is  fituate  in 
tmos,  and  famous  tor  its 
s,  and  free  Icl^ool.  This 
lie  lor  an  ancient  cullom 
y  peer  of  the  realm,  the 
s  tov.  n,  Ihall  give  a  horl'c- 
gate  ;  and  if  he  refutes, 
power  to  Hop  his  coach, 
hi.-,  Iinrles.  This  is  now 
-ll)oe;  and  it  is  commcjn 
one  made  with  his  name 
t.  One  ovvr  the  judgci 
iriou.,  workmanfliip. 

0  the  welt  of  Rutland - 

is  the  lavRefr,  belt  buiir, 
(.' :  it  has  lix  |iarillie.s,  and 
are  exempt  from  toll  in 
re  is  an  cxi|iiifite  piece  of 
,  ill  form  of  Our  Saviour's 
by  Iknry  I'lantagenct, 
led  by  Ibme  revenues  of 
s  to  be  capable  of  main- 
ins  decently.  It  was  re- 
;  expence,  There  is  an- 
idoAS.  The  inhabitants 
n.  inufafture  ofttockings 

1  th.it  article  a  l.ir^e  fuiu 
was  ilifmantled  it  was   a 

Lhen  kill  remain  entire  ; 
fpaciouj,  th.>t  it  is  made 
s.  One  of  the  gateways 
rioiis  workiHAnlliiji ;  and 
n  the-  magazine  fur  the 
I's  chujth  .sa  noble  and 

:  north  of  Lei«fter(hire, 
aid  ju.t,    but   unfertile 

y  on  the  afccntof  a  rock 

ivhich  runs   parallel  with 

id  uas  been  nude  navi. 

g»blc 


EUROPE.] 


EURO  I>  K  AM    ISLAND.*; 


t 


gable.  It  has  three  churches  j  a  grand  town-houf' 
built  on  piazzas;  a  fine  fpaciou';  iDaikct-jilace,  well 
fu^jpKed ;  a  j^oal  for  the  town  and  county;  a  iiianu- 
fadory  for  weavinu;  fraiiu'  l'tockiii;^s ;  ami  like  wile  far 
lafs  and  earthen  ware.  The  lock  on  vvhith  tlie  town 
Hands  is  I'o  rem.irkably  foft,  as  to  be  capable  of  beiiig 
cut  out  into  Heps,  and  other  [)Uip')|'es,  wiih  <neat  e..le. 
The  cellars  are  very  {^ood  for  keepinj.";  beer;  .ind  the 
county  abounding  in  barley,  the  malt  and  beer-trade 
are  greatly  followed.  Here  is  a  lioul'e  built  on  the  lidc 
of  a  hill,  where  one  enters  at  the  narrer,  and  defeends 
to  the  cellar,  v\hich  is  at  the  top  of'  the  houle.  As  the 
caftle  has  ottener  been  the  reli.ience  of  our  monaichs 
than  anyplace  f  >  far  from  Lomlon,  the  town  has  n.ore 
(^rentlemcns  houtes  than  any  town  of  the  lize  in  Britain. 
in  the  duke  of  Newcallle's  park  tliere  is  a  led^e  of 
perpendicular  rocks  l.ewn  into  a  dun  ch,  lionfcs,  cham- 
bers, dove-houfes,  ifcc. 

Ui-RuvsiiiuE,  to  the  wefl  of  Nottinjjhamfliire,  is 
barren  on  its  furface,  owing  to  the  great  nuuribr  of 
hills,  mountains,  &c.  but  rich  within  the  boA'els  of 
thole  eminences.  The  pe.ik,  a  mountainous  part  ot 
this  county,  is  much  viliteil  o.i  account  of  foiiie  rari- 
ties, called  the  Wonders  of  the  peak  ;  amongit  which 
is  the  fine  feat  of  the  duke  of  i)evon(hire,  at  Chat- 
fworth. 

Derby,  the  county  town,  fo  called  from  having  been 
a  park  or  ihelter  for  deer,  (Unds  on  the  well  fide  of 
the  river  Derwent,  over  which  it  has  a  neat  Hone  bridge 
of  five  arches.  riie  foiith  fide  is  watered  by  a  little 
rivulet,  calleti  Mer:ir.-brook,  which  has  nine  bridges 
over  it.  The  moll  remark:'.ble  church  in  Derby  is 
All-Saints,  or  Allhallows,  having  a  beautiful  Gothic 
fquare  tower,  60  yards  high,  with  4  pinnacles.  This 
town  ilepends  chielly  on  a  retail  trade,  allii  in  buying 
and  felling  corn,  in  making  malt,  and  brewing  ale,  of 
both  which  great  quantities  aie  lent  to  London. 

Yorkshire,  the  largell  county  in  the  kingdom,  con- 
tains a  variety  of  foils,  and  is  dividetl  into  three  Riti- 
ings,  viz.  weft,  eaft,  and  north,  being  fo  dillinguiflud 
on  account  of  their  fituations  with  refped  to  the  city  of 
York. 

York  is  fitu.itcd  on  the  river  Oufc,  and  its  chief 
magillrate  has  the  title  of  Lord  Mayor.  The  cathedi  al 
is  built  in  the  tiothic  t.ifte.  'I  lie  windows  are  adorned 
with  glals  exi|uifitely  painted  v. ith  fcri[ituie  hiHory. 
The  nave  of  this  church  is  four  fter  antl  halfwider,  and 
1 1  feet  higher,  than  that  of  St.  Paul's.  The  alccnt 
from  it,  through  the  choir  to  the  altar,  is  by  fi.'c  fteps. 
The  entrance  of  the  middle  nave  of  the  church,  at  the 
welt  door,  is  under  the  largell  Gothic  arch  in  Lurope, 
which  binds  and  I'upports  the  two  towers.  At  the  foiitli 
end  of  the  crufs  ille  is  a  circular  window,  called  the 
marigold  window,  from  its  glafs  being  llained  of  thit 
colour ;  and  a  large  one  at  the  north  end,  confiflina  of 
tive  lights,  rrahing  ahnoll  frnni  bottom  to  top.  The 
painting  repreients  embroidery. 

The  city  belongs  to  neither  of  the  Ridings,  but  enjoys 
its  own  libertVi  and  a  iuiifdiiflion  over  36  villiages  and 
hamlets  in  the  neiLrhbourhood,  on  the  weft  fide  of  the 
t)ule.  This  hberty  is  called  the  Ainftcy,  or  county, 
of  the  cityot  York. 

York  is  pleafaiuly  fituated,  and  divided  into  four 
wards,  containing  iS  parithfs,  and  walled,  but  not 
fortified  With  aitilkiy.  The  river  Oufe,  from  the  north, 
palfes  through  it,  and  divides  it  into  tivo  parts,  joined 
together  by  a  Hone  biidge  of  five  arches,  of  which  the 
niiddlemoll  is  rcikoned,  for  height,  breatlth,  aiid  ar- 
chitfchiie,  to  be  equal  to  the  Rialto  at  Venice,  thoufji 
not  to  ih.it  at  Hlenluin.  The  ureat  council-chamber, 
the  exchequir,  the  llierlf's  toutt,  and  the  two  city 
jirifons,  are  kept  upon  this  brid'C  The  river  brings 
large  vefills  to  the  quay,  thou:',h  at  b~  miles  diftance 
fiom  the  ocean.  It  has  lour  larin*  well  built  g.ues,  and 
five  pofterns.  llie  other  mod  remarkable  ftruciures  aie 
Jie  guildhall ;  the  fiatue  of  king  I'dgar,  who  re-built 
the  city,  and  St.  Anihomy's-hall.  The  market  houl'ej, 
jlj  the  Urccl  ciUed  the  Pavement,  ii  a  cuiious  piece  of 


9»J 


architeaure,  fupportcd  by  i:  pillars  of  rlie  Tufcan 
order  ;  and  there  is  another  llill  larger  in  a  Iquair,  call- 
ed  Thiirlday  market.     I:i  thiseity  are  17  churches. 

Hull,  or  Kingllon  u|>on  Hull,  has  two  churches, 
one  calleii  Trinity,  or  High  Church,  the  other  St. 
Maiy's,  or  Low  Church.  'Ihe  former  is  a  fparious 
beautiful  building,  the  pillars  of  which  are  remarkably 
iiuall  1  and  had,  before  the  reformation,  12  chantries, 
in  one  of  which  is  now  a  neat  library.  Here  atefeve- 
r:d  meeting-houfes,  an  ex.  h.inge,  a'cuilom  houle,  and 
an  engine  fi)r  makin-',  falt-water  frelh.  Here  is  a  free- 
fchool,  uiih  an  hall  over  it,  belonging  to  the  merchants, 
who  have  founded  an  holpital,  callecl  Trinity-houfe,  in 
wliicii  are  maintained  many  dillrelled  leamen  and  their 
wivlows.  The  town  ctirrics  on  a  great  trade  in  fail  niak- 
ing  ;  is  large,  clofe  built,  and  p.opulons.  The  ri^'id 
dileiplinc  beggars  meet  with  here  makes  Hull  tremen- 
dous to  rhcin.  All  foreign  poor  are  whipped  out,  and 
ilie  poor  of  the  town  are  let  to  work.  Thev  have  a  cant 
litanv  among  them,  vh.  "  Iroin  Hell,  Hull,  and 
H.difax,  gootl  Lord  deliver  u  ." 

Scarborough  is  a  larp,e  town,  built  in  tlic  form  of  a 
crelient,  on  the  fide  of  a  llcep  hill.  It  has  a  commo- 
dious quay,  but  little  trade.  The  pier  is  maintained 
by  a  duty  u[)on  coals;  and  tlie  mariners  have  ereded  an 
holpital  lor  widows  and  poor  feamen,  which  is  main- 
tained by  a  rate  on  veffeh,  and  deduct i(jns  out  of  leamcns 
wages,  h'rom  tlie  midtlle  of  November  herrings  are 
taken  here  in  great  nuiiibrrs.  Heiidcs  hernngsj  they 
catch  ling,  uid-filh,  haddock,  and  other  filh  in  great 
plenty ;  and  lometimcs  wl.iting  aiul  mackarel.  The 
fpaw-well  is  at  the  foot  of  an  exceeding  high  clif}",  fi- 
fing perpendicular  out  of  the  earth  like  a  boiling  pot, 
near  the  level  of  high-water  m.;rk  in  Ipring  titles,  with 
which  it  is  often  over-flowed.  It  is  never  dry,  and  in 
an  hour  yields  24  gallons  of  water,  which  is  purgative 
and  diuretic.  Here  is  good  accommodaiion,  belides 
all'emblies  and  public  balls.  The  refoit  of  company  to 
this  place  is  prodigious. 

Durham  Bishopric,  fituated  to  the  north  of  York- 
ihire,  is  (tliough  not  a  fertile  counry)  very  rich  111 
coals. 

Durham,  fituateil  on  a  liill,  has  a  cathedral,  which 
is  an  old  but  magnificent  pile.     Befides  the  cathedral, 
here  are  fix  parilh'  churches.     Southward  of  the  cathe- 
dral is  the  college,  a  I'pacious  court,  the  wiiole  of  which 
lias  been  rebuilt,  or  much  repaired,  fince  the  rellora- 
tion.     Above  the  college-gate  is  the  exch.equcr  ;  and 
at    the   well  the  gueft-hall,  for  the   entertainment  of 
ftrancrcrs.     On  the  north  fide  of  the  colli  ge  fchool  is  a 
houle   for  the  mafter ;    and    between  the  church-yarci 
and  callle  an  open  area,  called  the  Palace  Green  ;  to 
the  well  of  which  is  the  (hire-hall,  where  the  alfizesand 
fellions  arc   hekl  for  the  county  ;  and  near  it  a  library. 
On  the  eall  is  an  hofpital,  built  and  endowed  by  Bifliop 
Cofin.     On  the  north  fide  is  a  callle,  now  the  billiop's 
palace,  built  by    William  tlie  Conqueror,  the   outer 
gate- houle  of  wiiich  is  at  prclent  r!ie  county  goal.     The 
toll-booth,  near  St.   Nicholas's  chuicli,   and  tlie  ciofs 
conduit,  in  ih^  market  place,  with  the   two    brigdcs 
over  the  Were,  are  the  other  principal  public  buildings. 
NoRTiH'.MB.'^Ri.AND,   the    nioi't  northern  countv  of 
England  towards  Scotland,  is  fertile  towards   the  lea, 
and  has  great  quantities  of  flieep  fed  in  the  mountainous 
jiari"!  ;  but  lis  |)eciiliar  wealth  is  pit  coal, 

Newcaltle  is  .w  antient,  large,  difagiceable,  rind  dirtv 
town,  but  exceedingly  populous,  and  very  rich.  1:  is 
fituated  at  the  end  of  the  antient  PidsWall,on  the  livcr 
'I'yne,  over  which  it  has  a  fine  bridge.  Hence  it  is 
called  Newcaftle  upon  Tyiie.  The  commerce  cat  rie.l 
on  in  coals  and  filmon  is  amazing,  and  ha^  rendered 
it,  in  aL';reat  meafiire,  the  emporium  o!  tie  north.  It 
may  be  laid  to  be  fituated  both  in  Northumberland  and 
tlie  bifi-.opric  of  Durham  ;  though  that  p.irt  01  it  which 
is  in  the  latter  is  called  Gatcfidc,  .\nd  is  1  ke  Soutli- 
waik  to  London,  the  liberties  coiriiig  no  fartiier  than 
the  great  iron  gate  upon  tha  bridge,  which  has  the  anus 
of  tJie  bilhop  of  Durham  «.-uved  on  t!;c  fouth,  and  thofe 


f 


9tC        A  NEW,  ROYAL  and  AUTHENTIC  SYSTEM  of  UNIVERSAL  GEOGRAPHY 

of  Newcaftle  on  thr  northiide.     The  fuiution  of  the 
town   is  very  uneven  and  unple.ifant,   ifpccially   ili.it 


If'J 


'■  i 


part  which  ii  moft  conruicrablc  for  biifinefs,  and  \\hich 
lies  upon  the  river;  for  it  is  built  on  the  declivity  of  a 
fteep  hill,  which  makes  tlie  ftrects  difficult  and  iincaly. 
It  is  alfo  crowded  with  houfes,  cfpirially  in  that  pait 
of  the  town  heft  fitua'ed  for  trade.  The  caftle,  though 
old  and  ruinous,  overlooks  the  whole  town.  Tlie  ex- 
change is  a  noble  and  magnificent  buildintr,  fituated  in 
the  only  broad  place  of  thatpart  of  the  town,  and  conti- 
guous both  to  the  river  and  the  cultom-houle,  but  too 
much  pent  up  for  want  of  room.  Between  die  town- wall 
and  the  river  is  a  fpacious  place,  firmly  whaifed  up  with 
a  facing  of  free-itonc,  and  makts  a  very  fine  quay.  Be- 
iides  rhe  commerce  aboveinenrioncJ,  here  are  fomc 
glafs-houfcs,  iron  manufadories,  &c.  Here  is  an  liof- 
pital,  built  by  fubfcription,  feveral  churches  and 
chapels,  befides  St.  Nicholas's  church,  which  is  a  cu- 
rious fabric,  an  exchange,  nunfion-houfe,  public  li- 
brary, Sue. 

Berwick  upon  Tweed  is  a  town  fortilieci  in  the  mo- 
dern way,  but  is  much  contradted  from  its  aniicnt  ex- 
tent i  the  old  caftle  and  works  now  lying  at  fome  dif- 
tancc  beyond  the  prcfent  ramparts.  Abundance  ot 
wool  is  exported  from  this  town  ;  alfo  eggs,  which  are 
collc(ftcd  through  the  country,  to  a  prodigious  annual 
amount.  It  was  always,  before  the  Union,  a  bone  of 
contention  between  the  two  nations.  Both  had  an  eye 
upon  it,  and  therefore  it  was  well  fortified  j  but  now 
the  works  arc  greatly  impaired.  It  is  a  county  and 
town  of  itfelf ;  and  though  lituated  on  the  north  fide 
of  the  Tweed,  is  included  in  Northumberland.  Ii  has 
handfomc  ftreets,  a  fine  parifh  church,  a  town-houfe, 
at)  exchange,  and  a  beautiful  bridge  of  16  arches  over 
the  Tweed,  leading  to  Tweed's  Mouth,  a  I'uburb  where 
is  another  large  church  -,  and  betwixt  the  town  wall  and 
its  once  ftately  callle  is  a  handfome  fuburb,  called 
Caftle-gatc.  Here  is  a  noble  falmon  filhery,  efteemed 
equal  to  any  in  En^iland,  and  alio  a  confiderablc  ma- 
nufadure  of  line  llockings. 

Alnwick  is  a  populous,  well   built   town.     It   has 
three  gates,  which  are  almoft  entire  ;  anil  an  old  ftaiely 
Gothic  calUe,  the  feat  of  the  dukes  ofNonhumberland. 
Cumberland,  fituated  fouth-wcft  of  Northumber- 
land, has  a  wholefome  air,  but  is  not  very  fertile. 

Carlifle,  fituated  at  the  conflux  of  the  rivers  Eden, 
PetteriU  and  Cauda,  is  a  fea-port,  but  widiout  ftiips, 
merchants,  or  trade,  and  lus  but  two  pari/h  churches, 
St.  Cuthbert's  and  St.  Mai  y's.  The  choir  of  the  ca- 
thedral is  an  exaft  piece  of  architefture.  The  roof  is 
elegantly  vaulted  with  wood,  and  embelliflied  with  the 
arms  of  France  and  England ;  the  Percy's,  Lucy's, 
Warren's,  &c.  This  town  is  the  key  of  England  on 
the  weft  fca,  as  Berwick  upon  Tweed  is  on  the  eaft 
fea.  It  has  a  bridge  over  th-.-  Eden,  which  is  but  a 
little  way  from  Scotland,  the  fouth  part  of  whi'-h  in- 
dents into  England,  .it  leaft  50  ir.ilcs  farther  than  it 
does  at  Berwick, 

Whitehaven  is  fo  called  from  the  white  clifFs  that 
are  near  it,  and  fhelter  the  harbour  from  tempefts.  It 
is  a  populous  rich  town,  chiefly  obliged  to  the  Lowther 
family  for  its  in  provemenr,  who  were  at  a  vaft  ex- 
pence  to  make  the  harbour  more  commodious,  and  to 
beautify  tlie  town,  the  trade  of  which  chiefly  conlifts  of 
laltand  coal. 

West-morllanp,  fituated  to  the  foutii-eaft  of  Cum- 
berland, has  a  healthy  but  (harp  air,  is  very  moun- 
tainous, and  confei]uent!y  includes  m.iny  barren  tracks. 
Appleby,  the  county  town,  is  neither  ricli  or  beauti- 
ful ;  yet  the  fitiiation  of  it,  in  tlie  inidll  of  pUalant 
fields,  «nd  on  the  banks  of  the  river  Eden,  which  al- 
moft  encompafs  it,  is  very  agrciable.  lis  name  is  a 
corruption  of  the  Abailaba  in  the  Notitia;  and  it  was 
the  ftation  of  the  Mauri  Aureliani,  a  baml  of  Koinan 
foldiers  lb  called,  becaufe  they  were  fent  hither  by 
the  Emperor  Aurelian.  Here  alfo  is  an  hofpital  for 
a  governefs  and  twelve  otiier  widows,  called  the  mo- 
ther and  twelve  fiHeri. 


ir 


Ken.la!,  16  miles  from  AppKby,  called  alfo  Kirkby 
Kandale,  liiat  is,  a  chnrcii  by  the  d.ile  u|'on  the  river 
Can,  over  whicli  it  h.is  two  briilgcs  of  llone  and 
one  ot  wood,  and  a  h.irhonr  for  boa;s.  It  is  much 
luprricr  to  Appleby  in  tiadc,  buildings,  number  and 
wealth  of  the  inhabitants,  and  is  the  largelt  town  in  tlie 
county. 

Lonldale,  or  Kirbv  I.onfdale,  is  a  large  well  built 
town,  faied  on  the  iivcrI.one.  It  has  a  handfome 
ftoiic  bridge,  with  a  ftaiely  cinirch  and  a  fine  church- 
\aiii,  from  which  and  from  the  banks  of  the  river  is  a 
hi  e  prolpcCl  of  the  mountains  at  a  great  dil'tance,  and 
ol  the  bc.iutilul  courle  of  the  river  Lone,  in  a  valley 
far  beneath.     This  town  has  a  good  trade  in  cloth. 

L.vNiAsiiiRE,  a  maritime  county,  fituated  to  the 
eallward  of  the  Irifli  Sea,  ir.  famous  for  its  manu- 
fachircs,  for  the  fertility  of  the  level  parts,  and  the 
treafures  cont.iined  within  the  bowels  of  the  mountain- 
ous dillrirts. 

Tlie  navigation  made  by  tlie  Duke  of  Briugewatcr, 
in  this  county,  it  highly  wonhy  of  notice.  It  bears 
vefiels  cf  60  ton.s  bi.rtlien,  and  is  carried  over  two 
rivers,  the  Mtrfey  and  the  Irwell.  The  adit  which 
was  necefiary  to  be  made,  in  order  to  drain  the  water 
from  the  coal  mines,  is  tendered  navigable  for  boats 
(jf  lix  or  I'even  tons  burthen,  and  forms  a  kind  of  fub- 
terrancous  river,  which  lunsabouta  mile  and  a  half 
underground,  and  coma. unicates  with  the  canal.  This 
part  leads  to  the  head  of  the  mines,  is  arched  over 
with  brick,  .and  is  juft  wide  enough  for  the  palTagc  of 
the  boat.  At  the  mouth  of  it  arc  two  folding  doors, 
which  are  clofed  as  foon  as  you  enter,  and  you  thea 
proceed  by  candle-light,  which  cafts  a  livid  gloom, 
ferving  only  to  niake  darkncls  vilible. 

But  this  difmal  gloom  is  rendered  ftill  more  aweful 
by  the  folemn  echo  of  this  fubierraneoiis  water,  which 
returns  various  and  dilcordant  I'ounds.  One  while  you 
are  Itruck  with  the  grating  nojle  of  engines,  which  by  a 
curious  contrivance  let  down  the  coals  into  the  boats  : 
then  again  you  hear  the  fliock  of  an  explofion,  oc- 
cafioned  by  blowing  up  the  hard  rock,  which  will 
not  yield  to  any  other  force  than  that  of  gun-powder  : 
the  next  minute  your  ears  are  faluted  by  the  longs  of 
merriment  from  either  lex,  who  thus  beguile  their  la- 
bours in  the  mine. 

Y'ou  have  no  ibnner  reached  the  head  of  tiic  works 
than  a  new  Icene  oflers  to  your  view.  There  you  be- 
hold man  and  woman  almoft  in  the  primitive  Itate  of 
nature,  toiling  in  ditVeient  capacities,  by  the  glim- 
mering of  a  dim  taper.  Some  digging  coal  out  of  the 
bowels  of  the  earth  ;  fome  again  loading  it  in  little 
waggons  made  for  thepurpofe  ;  and  others  drawing  thcfc 
wa,<!;";ons  to  the  boats. 

'i'o  perfedt  this  canal  without  impeding  the  pu- 
bl^^cads,  bridges  are  built  over  ir,  and  where  the 
e.inR  has  been  railed  to  prel'erve  the  level,  arches  are 
formed  under  it  ;  but  what  principally  Itrikes  every 
beholder  is  a  work  railed  near  Barton-bridge,  to  con- 
vey the  canal  over  the  Merfey,  This  is  done  by  means 
of  three  ftone  arches,  fo  fpacious  and  lofty,  as  to  admit 
velTcls  failing  through  them;  and  indeed  nothing  can 
be  more  fingular  and  ple.ifing,  than  to  obfervc  large 
vefTels  in  full  fail  under  the  aqueduct,  and  at  the  fame 
time  the  duke'.s  veflels  failing  over  all,  near  fifty  feet 
above  the  navigable  river. 

Lancaller,  the  fhire  town,  has  its  n.ime  from  the 
river  Lone,  on  the  fide  of  which  ir  is  fituated  near  its 
mouth,  and  gives  name  to  the  whole  county.  Here 
are  frequently  found  the  coins  of  Roinan  emperors, 
efpecially  where  the  Benediftine  Eriars  had  a  cloyfter, 
which  they  fsy  was  the  area  of  an  antient  city  burnt 
to  the  ground  in  1 32^  by  the  Scots.  After  this  con- 
flagration they  built  nearer  the  river,  by  a  green  hill, 
upon  which  rtands  a  callle,  and  on  the  top  of  it  a 
handfome  church.  At  the  bottom  there  is  a  fine  bridge 
over  the  Lone  j  and  on  the  lleepeft  part  of  it  hangs  a 
piece  of  very  ;'ncient  Roinan-wall,  now  called  Wery- 
wall,  In  digging  a  cellar  fcvcral  cups  were  found 
a  that 


OGRAPIIY. 


I'UROIT 


EUROPEAN    ISLANDS. 


917 


t'l.U  liaci  lu'cn  iilld  m  fiKrificc^.  It  was  forp.icrly  more 
U'luarkahk:  tor  ajJiiiullurc  tlian  coinnicrcc ;  hut  is 
mu'.li  iiiiprovuil  in  the  latter,  being,  at  jirclint,  a  po- 
pul'>ir.,  tliriving  corporation,  with  a  toJL-r.ible  harbixir 
aiul  cultmi-houle.  Tlic  coimiy  alii/cs  arc  held  in  the 
I  .iltle,  wiiieh  i'i  one  ot  the  tinelt  ni.inumeiits  ot  antiquity 
ill  tiiis  kingil.ini. 

Livor|MX)l  h  a  neat  |vi])uloiis  town,  ami  the  niofl 
fl'Uiiili:n'4  lea-port  1:1  tliele  part'..  Tlie  inhabitants 
drive  an  incredible  trade,  with  \erv  large  Ihxks,  to  all 
tl'.e  nortiiern  and  fouihern  i)aris  ot  the  world.  They 
import  alnioll  all  kind^ot  foreign  gooijs,  have  a  large 
inland  tratle,  aiul  Ihare  in  that  to  Ireiaiul  and  W.iles, 
with  Brillol.  It  lb  .ijlo  liic  inotl  convenient  and  nioll 
frequented  ]i;j(l'age  to  Ireland,  Handing  at  the  nmuth 
ul  the  Merliv  river,  or  l,ivi.r|)i>ol-\\ater,  as  the  I'aiiors 
tali  it.  The  harbour  i>  deleiuled  on  the  louth  Tale  by 
a  callle,  ami,  on  the  well,  by  a  tower  on  the  iVLrtey. 
It  has  tciur  ciiurches,  many  Ipacious  clean  llreets.  an 
elegant  town  houie,  an  admirable  wet  dock,  with 
iron  IliKxl  gales,  a  llateiy  culloni-houle,  a  neat  play- 
lioui'e,  &c. 

Manehefter,  near  the  conlhix  ot  ilie  Irk  and  Irwcll, 
is  a  place  ot  great  trade,  hindli)nie,  well  built,  and 
populous,  and  has  a  iji.icious  market  pl.aee,  a  college, 
an  exchaiigf,  ?\:e.     The    tullian    manutacture,  called 
Maiicheller  coitons,  has  been  iiuah  improved  by  tome 
late  inventions  ot'  dying  ,vu\  piiiuing.     The  greatelt  j 
variety  ot  otlar  lluirs,  known   by  the   name  ot  ,>lan-  I 
fheller   goods,  as   ticking,    tapes,  filleting   antl   linen 
(loih,  nut  only  enrich  the  town,  but  render  the  people 
in.hiilrious.     The  collegiate  church  is  very  large  and 
br.uititul,  with  a  choir  remarkable  tor  its  curious  carv- 
ed work,  and  a  famous  clock  that  llunvs  the  .ige  of  the 
nionn.      As  the  1  I.igue  in  Hollaii<l,   isdelervedly  called 
the  moll  magnitieeai  village  in  f'-urope,  to  Manclieller 
may  with  equal    proprxty  be  laiil  to  be  the  greateif 
village  in  I'.ngland  ;  the  highell  magillrate  being  only  a 


onll. 


ililc  or  lieailhorougii : 


though  it  is  more  jH)pulous 


than  York,  or  many  other  cities  in  luigland. 

Warrington,  a  large  town  on  the  river  Merley,  has 
a  market  \sel'  liipplKcl  with  corn,caitle,  andtiih.  Here 
is  an  acailemy  founded  u]>'>n  a  noble  and  extenlive 
plan  for  educating  youth  in  the  learned  |)roleilions. 
In  this  town,  and  the  neighb^niring  villages,  fail-cloth 
is  made  for  the  royal  n.ivv.  Here  arc  alio  copper 
work',  lugar-lioutes,  and  glalvhoules,  which  lurnifli 
the  indullrious  with  thJ  means  of  obtaining  a  comfort- 
able lublillence.  On  the  Ijanks  ol  ilie  Meri'ey,  which, 
fv  means  ofw(,ir-<  and  locks,  is  made  navigable  to 
M-inilurter,  are  papt  r-milh,  gun-jjowder  uiills,  oil- 
null',  iron  tiirges  a.ul  llituug-tnills. 

I'rillon   is  a  line  town,   feated  on  the   river  Ribble. 
Tliuugh  it  has  no  manuta:tuie,  it  has  a  court  ot  l\i 
eery  and  other  ollices  ot  lultice,  tor  the    county  | 
tine    of   Lancaller.      From   the  gentry    many    miles  | 
round  relorting  here  in  winter,  and  having  allemblies,  j 
balls,  &C,  it  is  vulgarly  called  I'lond  I'lvllon.     It  has 
a  large  market-jilace.     On   the  neighbouring  common 
arc  frequent  horle  races.      Near  it  the  duke  ot  Hamil- 
ton,   who  cune   to  refcue  Charles  I.  from   im])rilbn- 
ment,  w.is  deleaied  in  164S;  as  were  alio  the  Englifh 
rebels,   under  i-eneral  fuller,   in  171  v 

Wigon  is  iniiabited  by  ihop-kiepvrs  of  almoll  all 
kinds.  Ins  a  mainitacture  ol'  io\erlets,  rugs  anil  blan- 
kets, ami  is  governed  by  a  mayor,  a  recorder,  alder- 
men, isic. 

Near  this  tovsn  i;  a  well,  winch  at  lirll  light  does  not 
•ijipear  to  be  a  fpriiig,  but  rather  raiii->\atcr.  There 
is  nothing  about  it  that  fe..-n.s  exliaimlinaiy  ;  but  ujwn 
emptying  it  there  prefeiitly  breaks  out  a  fulphurous 
v:'.pour,  which  cauies  the  water  to  bubble  up  as  it  it 
l).iiled.  A  cuidle  being  put  to  it,  it  iMvlently  takes 
lire  and  burns  like  brandy.  The  flame  in  a  c.iim  lea- 
ton  will  continue  a  whole  day,  by  the  heat  of  wiiieh 
you  iiuiy  boil  meat,  eggs,  {vc. 

Ciii'siiiKi-:,  to  the  liiuthot  Lancalhire,  has  a  lereiie 
air,  and  good  ibil,  ai»d  is  famous  lor  its  cheele. 
No.  84. 


Chefler,  or  as  it  is  commonly  called,  'VVcft  Chcfler, 
is  a  large  well  built  city,  full  of  wealthy  inhabitants, 
who,  by  iis  neighbourhood  to  the  Severn,  and  to  Ire- 
land, drive  a  coiiliderable  trade;  ai  mav  bo  leen  by 
the  great  lairs  hfkl  here  every  year;  to  which  abun- 
d.mceot  tradelmenand  merchants  come  from  all  parts, 
but  particularly  I'roin  Brillol  and  Dublin.  The  houles 
are,  generally  f|)eaking,  dillinguilhed  from  all  the 
'.nnldings  in  Britain.  They  arc,  tor  the  moll  part,  of 
timber,  very  large  and  Ipacious,  but  are  built  with 
galleries,  piazzas,  or  covered  walks  before  them,  in 
which  the  people,  who  walk,  are  ti)  hiil,  that,  tokxik 
U[)  or  down  the  flreets,  one  fees  no-body  llirring,  ex- 
cept with  liorles,  carts,  &c.  and  yet  tliey  may  be  laid 
to  be  full  of  people.  By  the  tiune  means  a.'lo  the  Ihops 
are,  as  it  were,  hid;  little  or  no  part  ol  them  being  Ui 
be  leen,  unkl's  one  is  under  thole  rows,  orjulloppo- 
lite  to  a  houli-'. 

Nantwich,  or  Namptwich,  is  a  large  well-built  town. 
The  inhabitants  are  wealthy  and  carry  v)n  a  conliderable 
trade,  particularly  in  liilt  and  checle,  the  latter  exceed- 
ing all  that  is  m.ade  in  the  county,  from  the  excellency 
of  the  toil.  Here  are  lalt  Iprings,  which  lie  on  the  banks 
of  a  t'relh  water  liream,  ot  which  tlay  make  great  quan- 
tities of  lalt.  The  water  brought  from  the  lalt  I'pring? 
to  the  wich  houles,  as  they  are  called,  by  troughs,  is 
received  into  larje  cafkslet  in  the  ground.  From  hence 
it  is  put  into  the  leatls.  and  a  lire  made  lor  keei)ing  it 
warm,  during  which  women  with  wooden  rakes  gather 
it  as  it  fettles  to  the  bottom.  After  this  it  is  put  into 
fait  barrovvs,  a  kind  of  wicker  balkets,  in  the  fhape  of 
a  fugar-loaf  rcverl'ed,  that  the  water  may  drain  from  it 
and  leave  the  t'alt  dry. 

.Si  AKKoRiisiuR  I-.,  to  the  tiiuth  call  ot  Chelhire,  is 
a  rich,  though  nut  a  ferule  county,  the  principal  places 
being 

l.itchtield,  "    argc  neat  town,  which  is,  when  loined 
to  Coventry,  a  uilliopric.     The  cathedral lutiired  much 
in  the  lime  of  the  civil  wars,  but  was  thoroughly  re- 
paired after  the  relloration  ot  Charles  II.  and  is  now  a 
noble  and  admir.ible  tlruc'tuie.     It  is  walled  in  like  a 
callle  i  but  llands  on  luch  an  eminence  that  it  is  I'c^n 
10  miles  rouiul. 
,       SiatVord  IS  the  lliire  town  where  tl'.e  afTizes  are  held. 
j  It  llands  low,   on    the  river  Sow,  over  which    it  has  a 
I  good  bridge.  Here  are  two  handlome  churches,  a  tree- 
i  Ichool,  and  a  Ipacious  market-place,  in   which  Hands 
I  the  thirc-hall.      It  is  well  built  and  paved,  and  much 
;  increalcd  of  late,  both  in  wealth  and  iuhabitaiits,  by 
!  it^  manufaeUire  of  cloth.     The  buildings  are,  for  the 
I  moll  part,  of  tlone  and  flate,  and  ll)me  ot'ihem  in  the 
1  mmlern  lalle.      Not  only  the  alfizes,  but  the  tiuarter 
I  leinons  are  kept  in  this  town. 

!  Wolverhampton  llands  on  a  high  ground,  and  is  a 
i  populous  well  built  town,  and  the  llreeis  well  paved  ; 
;  but  all  the  water  the  town  is  lupplied  with,  except 
what  tails  from  the  Ikies,  comes  from  four  weak  Iprings 
t)f  different  qualities  which  go  by  tlie  name  ot  I'ud- 
ding-well,  Horle-well,  Walhing-well,  and  Meal-well, 
From  the  lall  they  fetch  ill  the  water  they  ule  tor  boil- 
ing or  brewing,  in  leather  buckv.is,  laid  aciols  a  horl'e, 
wi\h  a  funnerat  the  top.  by  which  they  till  theiii;  and 
in  the  other  wells  they  clean  tripe,  water  horfes,  and 
walh  linen.  'I'o  ihe  high  and  dry  htuation  of  the  pl.ice 
is  akribed  its  healthy  llaie. 

SiiRui'siiiiu.:,  louth  of  Chelliire,  is  tolerably  fertile. 
Shrcwll)ur\  h.is  two  bridges  over  the  Severn,  which 
furrounds  it,  exce]>t  on  the  north  tide,  in  the  form  ut  a 
horfe-lhoe,  and  renders  it  a  peninlula.  k  has  a  tree 
grammar  I'chool,  founded  and  endowed  by  I'.dwarii  VI. 
gueen  F.li/.abcth  rebuilt  it,  added  a  library,  and  en- 
dowed it    more  largely.     Here  arc   five  churches, 


hve  churches,  be- 
tides meeting  houles:  likewile  1^  incoq>orated  com- 
panies, who  repair  in  their  Jormatities,  once  a  year,  to 
K.in'j,tland,  on  the  oppolite  fide  of  the  Severn,  where 
thev  entertain  the  mayor  ami  corpuralion,  in  bowers 
erected  tor  that  purpofe,  and  dilbrguilhed  by  mottos 
or  devices  fuiiuble  to  their  rdpecLise  arts  and  trades, 
10/. 


'$ 


9iS      A  N'FAV,  ROYAL,  Asn  ArTIlI'-N'TIC  *.V'-Ti:M  of  l'N'IVF.RSAI,  GF.OGRArHY. 


m 


t      f 


!Vi 


Tlic  ftrcets  arc  large,  ami  ihc  liouU-5  well  I. nil i,  willi 
liangiing i^anlciis  ilo.vn  to  tli-'  riwr.  Cliarli-s  11.  woulil 
have  creclai  ihis  town  iiiio  acitv  ;  Inii  tlic  lOAiiliiuii 
clun'c  til  remain  a  coiporaiion ;  tor  uliiJi  relulal  iIk\' 
were  atierwardsialleil  the  pruuil  Saloi'ians.  'I'lu'  lowii 
has  been  tanud  thunii;lioiU  l'.ii;.!,iaii  I  lor  cake>.  Its 
hrawn  is  nrkoiu'il  to  exteetl  that  oi  Cintiriniry.  Hire 
is  jilenly  ot  provilions,  clpceially  laimoii  and  oilier 
pood  filh.  Here  are  iiwiiy  W'ekh  taniilies;  and  on 
market  davs  the  general  lana,uai;e  Ijioken  is  \\  eleh. 
One  s',reat  ornament  in  this  town  is  that  called  the 
<]uarrv,  now  converted  into  one  of  the  tiiiell  walks  in 
llnjilaiid,  both  tor  beauty  and  extent.  It  takes  in  at 
leal!  io  aeres  ot'  ground  on  the  k.utli  and  louth-well 


tides  ot  the  town,  betwixt  its  walls  af.d  the  Severn,  ji 
is  Ihadeil  \Mlh  rows  ot  hme  lues  on  eaih  lide,  and 
adorned  in  the  lenter  with  a  fine  double  aleoxe,  aiul 
teats  on  both  lide^,  one  ot  them  lating  the  lowii, 
anil  the  otiur  the  ri\cr.  It  is  reekomd  not  interior  to 
the  mall  in  >t.  Jaiins's  park.  I'pon  the  \\  elih  tiiidj'e 
there  is  a  noble  gale,  over  the  ;uih  ol  whieh  is  pl;u  ul 
ihr  ihilvieo!  the  gre.il  LlewelUn,  the  idol  ol  ihe  \\  vliii, 
and  the  lall  \\  elih  prniee. 

Many  curious  and  neceliarv  iianiculars,  which  pre- 
vioiillv  intertcil  in  the  relpeClivj  counties  would  have 
been  ililj,iilling  troni  the  Irequent  re|)etiti.<n,  may  be 
known  by  the  follow ing table,  where  lhe\  ate  e.xiiibittj 
at  one  view. 


A  TAHLH,  containing  tlie  Modern  and  Antient 
give,  their  Length,   Hivadih,  Circiuut'erenc 
the  Number  ot  Members  iluv  lend  to  I'arlian 


Names  ot  rlie  Counties  or  Shires  in  England,  the  Titles  tliev 

Cities  and  Towns,   Dillante  from  London,  Market  'I'uvvns, 

lent,  and  the  Numberot  Farilhes  and  Acres  contained  in  each. 


y 


■■ 

~^~~' 

\  ..- 

Ci.    Cilv  ut 

>iii  It 
1...1UI 

.M.,.i„ti 

r.ni..i 

Nuinip 

^.,M.l.,,  ,,i 

M.Vr   n  N..nu., 

A  ■.  'V.  N  illir, 

Bedford  ia 

T.     1 

u. 

'rr.. 

21 

1  s 

.  1    Mil. 

T.ui. 

Bedford 

r,.w„.  1 

Vli.ol. 

I'.-.fl, 
124 

A..ei 

ILilfordihiie 

50 

10 

4 

260, GOD 

lierklhiie 

ReaJinguin 

K. 

3«) 

21) 

120 

Reading 

4C 

1  2 

9 

140  j 

527,000 

Huckuiiihainlhire 

finikiiigliamia 

!•:. 

y) 

18 

..;8 

Bui  kingham 

57 

'4 

■4 

185 

441,000 

Cambndgelhire 

Camborkuni 
f.lia 

K. 

40 

2.S 

'3° 

Cambridge 

Klv 

(J  8 

8 

6 

163  1 

1 

570,00;: 

Chetliire 

Deva 

i:. 

4.S 

2.i 

i;,o 

Chetler 

182 

12 

4 

86  { 

720,00c 

Cornwall 

Laiilla]ihadoniA 

D. 

7« 

4^ 

'.sO 

Launceflon 
riuro 

214 

^5  7 

^7 

44 

'7' 

960,000 

Cumbedand 

Luguvallum 

I). 

^    T 

3S 

16S 

Carlifle 

i<,h 

'4 

6 

.s-« 

1  ,040,000 

Derbylhire 

Derbia 

i;. 

40 

sO 

"30 

Derby 

12(> 

1  1 

4 

loO 

680,000 

Devonlhire 

lliaDaiimoniorum 
l'linuit;l 

1). 

tXy 

bh 

200 

i'.xeter 
Plymouth 

'  73 
2 10 

40 

20 

394 

1,920,000 

l)>rleilliire 

I)u;i:um 

D. 

.^° 

40 

'.sO 

IXirchefter 

1 20 

22 

20 

248 

772,000 

Durham 

Duiielkini 

y) 

3^ 

107 

Durham 

■'57 

8 

4 

5^ 

6  i  0,000 

Ltle.x 

Colonia 
Canonium 

E. 

47 

43 

'50 

Colchcller 
Chelmsford 

si 

28 

22 

8 

415 

1,249,000 

rilouccfterfliirc 

Clerum 

D. 

s^' 

22 

150 

GloucelUr 

100 

■^7 

8 

2S0 

800,000 

Ham])lliire 

V'ent.i  Beljjarum 
Claulentuiu 

('4 

3'^ 

'5° 

WinchelUr 
Soutlumpton 

<'3 

75 

18 

lb 

^s3 

1,512,000 

Hereford  ill  ire 

Herefordia 

v.. 

.^5 

3" 

loS 

Hereford 

'30 

8 

8 

.76 

660,000 

Herltonllhire 

1  [ertfordia 

K. 

.V' 

28 

140 

Hertford 

21 

18 

6 

120 

451,000 

Huntingdonllure 

l-hintmgdnnia 

K. 

24 

18 

67 

Huntingdon 

s9 

6 

4 

79 

240,000 

Kent 

I  lurovernum 
Rolla 

5'^ 

36 

iM) 

Canterburv 
Rochefler' 

5f> 
30 

28 

iS 

408 

1,248,000 

Lancalhire 

1  .ong  ivicus 
Maiii  umiuin 

D. 

SI 

3^ 

107 

I.ancalier 

Mancheltcr 

-^S 
182 

^7 

'4 

60 

1,150,000 

Lcicefterllurc 

Rhag* 

!•:. 

.^0 

2.S 

96 

Leicelier 

99 

'3 

4 

200 

560,000 

Lincolnlliirc 

Linduni 

i:. 

60 

3  ^ 

180 

Lincoln 

'3- 

39 

(.88 

1,740,000 

Middlctex 

Londnr.im 
Wellninn.illerium 

!•:. 

^4 

uS 

95 

London 
Welhiiinflcr 

0 
1 

5 

18 

'43 

247,000 

Monmoulhlhirc 

Monumeijla 

n. 

■^9 

20 

84 

Monmouth 

125 

8 

,; 

127 

Norfolk 

Norvkum 
(iarrianorum 

1). 

57 

IS 

140 

Norwich 
Yarmouth 

109 
'2; 

3i 

1  2 

660 

1,148,000 

Northampton 

I'ltroburgum 
Antoiia  Horealis 

K. 

SS 

26 

1 1  v^'elerboroiigh 
'^iorihampton 

81 
(>0 

1 1 

9 

550,000 

N'.>r;huinbcrland 

(i.ibrokrilum 

D. 

50 

40 

i;o" 

NewcalUe 

-7' 

I  1 

8 

46 

1,570,000 

;■    .'tinijfhaniflurc 

Notliiij!liami.i 

K. 

43 

24 

r.o 

Nottingham 

126 

9 

8 

168 

560,000 

Oxfonhhire 

Oxoniuni 

K. 

4- 

26 

'3° 

Oxford' 

54 

>.; 

9 

280 

554,000 

Rutlandlhire 

L'XOCOIU' 

1). 

15 

10 

40 

Oakham 

96 

2 

48 

1  1  ,000 

Shropthirc 

Salopia 
1  .udloa 

40 

ii 

'34 

Shrewlbury 
Ludlow 

1  ;s 
'3« 

15 

12 

170 

890,000 

Siiincr'.etniire 

Brilbilium 

Aqu-.p  (..liidiir 

!•'.. 

60 

.i" 

200 

Brillol 
liuh 

M7 

108 

3  = 

1  0 

1 0 

.1 "-'  .T 

1,075,000 

Stafibrdlliirc 

Liciifeldia 
Staliurdia 

1-.. 

\o 

2() 

140 

l.iuhtield 
Stafford 

118 

'  ZS 

18 

10 

150 

8  ic.coo 

Sutlblk 

(jiplievicum 
Villa  I-aullmi 

L. 

4S 

24 

146 

1|)|WH  h 

Bury 

(nj 

7° 

32 

.6 

575 

995. ceo 

Surry 

N'eomagus 
ReuiojH.ilis 

i:. 

34 

2  1 

1 1 2 

fiuilford  ■ 
1  Kingllon 

29 
12 

1 1 

■4 

140 

592,ccc 

Sufllx 

Ciceitna 

!•:. 

f'5 

29 

170 

1  Chichcller 

61 

18 

28 

•!I2 

VVarwickfliire 

I'ra'lMmin 
CovcMiia 

K. 

3.! 

2  0 

122 

1  W  arw  ii  k 
Co\  entry 

93 

9' 

14 

(} 

.58 

670,000 

Weftmorciand 

Co'iiaiiuhuii 

!•■., 

30 

■^4 

120 

Kendal 

257 

8 

4 

^'4 

5 10,000 

Wiltfhire 

Surbioduiiuiii 

K. 

40 

30 

'4^  'Salilbury 
1  Wilton 

82 
«5 

23 

34 

304 

Worceflerfliire 

Baniiogeniuin 

1    36 

28 

'  30  !  Worcefler 

1 1 1 

1 1 

<> 

>S^ 

540,00c 

Yorklhirc 

l'".bMra'.  utn 

D 

'.14 

80 

360  !  York 

'97 

49 

;o 

#'3 

5,770,000 

Riclimond:.i 

i 

'.  Richmond 

-30 

I'  R  1  N- 


IF.OGRAPHY. 


la.'Rori'.j 


rU  ROrilAN   IS  LAN'DS. 


919 


sr.nioN    11. 


z}}    1,312,000 


PRINCirAI.il  Y  oi-  WALKS. 

WALKS  w.is  t'ornvrlv  nf  j^nitiT  extent  than  it  is 
at  I'lo  i.t,  as  it  in'.hulii  liic- (ountn-s  ut  Mori- 
nioiiih  ami  llci'it'ii\l,  u;ai.ii  li.ivo  liuit  Iu'l-ii  anrie.\cd 
lo  l''.i);;l.i!ul. 

li  is  l)'iyii'fil  I'll  .1!!  fi'lcf  by  the  lea  ami  tlic  Severn, 


it   J' litis  to  I  lie  counties  o\ 


e\'  ^'/.  nil  tlic  eall,  \v 
C'liider,  Salop,  I  lerelor>!,  aiui  Monmouth;  beiiii!,  113 
Mi'e.-  lont!;  ami  yo  hro.ui  where  vvidell .  'I'he  eountry, 
lliou;.',li  "enerally  inouiitaiiious,  is  not  alto,;eiher  un- 
fniitlul,  as  tlic  valley,  ab-aiiul  in  torn,  the  leas  and 
rivers  with  tilb,  ami  the  hill  ,  exeluliveot'  the  nuials 
a'ld  nunerals  tlu-y  ainlain,  t'eetl  great  quantities  ot  black 
t.iitie,  (heel',  deer,  goats,  ^cc.  Tills  country  is,  at  prelent, 
divided  into  eleven  counties,  exclulive  ot  the  ille  ot 
An'.velev  i  accordin|i,  to  which  we  lliall  conliiler  it. 

R\ii'soi(siiiRt,  lo  the  louili  well  of' SI)ro]>lliirc,  is 
toler.ililv  terlili'.  The  chief  connnodilies  are  llieep 
and  lioil-.-s.     The  princijial  i)lace  is 

Radnor,  I  ?7  luiK's  from  L mdon,  a  very  ancient 
liMMuu,!'.,  chielty  toaliltiiigo!  thatched  houles.  It  was 
ca'kd  R.ulnor  by  the  iMM'lilh.  troni  Rhaidr  (Iwy, 
or  ti!'.  caiarad  of  the  river  Wye,  near  the  town  ol 
Rhii  h.  It  lland'  in  a  iVuiiful  valley,  at  the  bottom 
ot  a  hill,  where  aiuindance  ot  Iheep  are  ted. 

15 1',  HCk  soc  i^sM  in  K,  to  the  fouth  o\  RadnorOiire,  has 
a  Iharp  but  wliol.'iume  air,  is  very  mountainous,  and 
ali.iunds  with  black  cattle,  venilon,  goats,  and  wild 
to.vi.. 

Hrecknock,  or  Brecon,  150  miles  from  London, 
which  is  the  (  apiial,  and  almolt  the  centre  of  the  coun- 
ty, is  a  coininicl,  well  buill-town,  where  the  adizes 
are   h-!d.     Iiitindsal    the    (ontluence   of  the   rivers 

Hondhv  and  L'lk,  over  which  it  h.is  a  o-jod  itone 
brid'.e.  It  is  well  mhabii'-d,  and  has  fome  ihaie  in 
(he  w'ooHen  'iianufacUire.  I'he  ruins  ot  its  caltle,  built 
hv  Heruard  de    Newmarch,  in   the  reii;n  of  William 

Rutus,  remain,  lis  iiiaikets  are  well  lui>])lied  with 
•  aitle,  corn,  and  oilier  provilions.  Hivckn  >ck  I'nory 
was  loumled  in  ilie   ivi  ;n  of    Henry  1.    by  Bernard  de 

N.-\vm.irc!i.  It  is  now  a  c  .llei!,iate  clmrch,  and  Hill 
a  :uaij,ni'ii;cnt  biiildint^,  liluated  on  an  eminence,  and 

built' in  the   form  of  \i  crol'^.     There  .are    two   other 

churches. 

(ii..\Moni;AVsiiiR|-.,  Iituated    north  ot  the  Briltol 

Channel,  is  tolerablv  lertile  toward,  the  liiuthern  ]>arts. 
Canlitr,    I'll  mile  Irom  Loiulon,  the  capital,  where 

the  aili/.es   are   held,  lias  a  britlge  over   the  TalV,  lo 

;vhich  linall  vetlels  may  come  up.     It  is  a  large,  well- 

biiilt  town  ;  and  tiioug,h  it  comprehends  two  iiariflies. 

has  but  one  church.     It  has  a  gootl  trade  with  Briftol, 

and  pleiuifiil  markets  ami  lairs  tor  corn,  cattle,  llicep, 

lioifes  aiivl  fwine. 

SAanlev,  20i  miles  from    London,  is   an   ancient, 

lan.'e,  weil-built  town,  which  drives  the  greatell  tratle 

ot'any  inthe  counlv,  eipecially  in  coals,  holds  a  great 

correl'iKjiidence    with   Brillol,    and   has  an    exceedino 
)ivl     .arbour.     The  town  Hands  on  the  river  Twye, 

and  its  markets  are  well  furnilhed  with  all  neced'aries. 

Here  are  the   remains  of  an    ancient  calUe,  bu  ,t  by 

IL-nry  Beaumont,  carl  of  Warwick. 

Laiidart",  thoui'h  the  lee  of  a  billmp,  has  not  lo  much 

as  .fmarket.     The  cathedral  i^  a  ne.it,  ancient   build- 

C\RMARTHF.NSHiuK,  fiiuUed  north-wcn  of  (.la- 
morganlhire,  has  a  nilkler  .ur,  ami  is  more  truitiul  than 
uioll  of  the  Welch  counties.  ,         •     ■ 

Caermartheii,  20.^.  miles  fp>m  London,  is  lituatcxl 
on  the  river  Towv,  over  which  it  h.is  a  Hone  bridge, 
and  is  a  (ilace  venerable  for  its  antiquilN .  It  is  a  thriv- 
in<T  and  populous  town  of  Rival  leiort,  and  drives 
a  very  conliderable  trade,  'llus  |)lace  was  ancieiulv 
reckoned  theyipiuil  of  Wales.  The  Brilons  maUe  it 
the  leal  oi  their  aliciublics. 


g 


1'i:mi!Roki-3hirr  is  cncompafTed  aronnd  by  St. 
fuoii^e's  I'h.inn.-!,  e.\cept  on  the  call  hde,  where  it 
loins  lo  Carmariheiilliirc,  and  on  the  nonii-eall  to  Cur- 
di^;inlhirp.     it  is  a  Iniitlul  county. 

Pembroke,  2.],\.  miles  trom  (..ondon,  the  county 
lowii,  Ihind-.it  die  innermotl  eallern  cieek  oi  Milloid 
1  iaven.  It  has  two  hamhonie  bridges  over  the  iwu  points 
ol  it.  Here  are  the  remains  ot  an  ancient  caiUc  on  a 
roik,  in  winch  1  h  nry  \  11.  was  born;  and  under  it  is 
a  vault  noted  fjta  tliange  echo, called  the  \Vogan.  It 
has  two  parillies,  a  cuilomhuufe,  and  Icveral  merchants 
h  ules,  well  built. 

Havertiird-wcil,  236  miles  from  London,  Hands  on 
the  tide  ot  a  hill,  is  a  very  neat,  well  built,  llrong, 
poj  ulous  and  tr.nliiig  town,  havinga  fine  Hone  bridge, 
pleniilul  markets,  a  coiuintKlious  ([uay  tor  Ihips  of 
burthen,  and  a  cuilom-houle.  There  are  three  i)arilh 
churches  in  the  town,  belules  one  in  the  out  parts, 
called  PrengeH. 

iMiltv)nl-Haven  has  16  creeks,  five  bays,  and  13 
roads  in  which  1000  tail  of  Hiips  may  ride  tecurely. 
J'f.^re  is  nodangir  in  liiiling  in  or  out  (j1  it  with  the  tide, 
iml  .ilmoll  anv  \sind,  by  night  as  well  as  by  tiav;  and 
.1  lhi[)  in  dillrefs  mav  run  alh(  re  on  lott  ooze,  and  there 
lie  fate.  The  Ipring  tide  riles  in  tlie  harbour  36  feet, 
and  theneaj)  aiiout  ib.  But  that  which  makes  this  the 
moH  excellent  ami  ufeful  b.arliour  in  this  part  of  the 
world,  is,  thai  in  an  hour's  time  a  Ihip  is  out  of  the 
harbour  into  the  lea,  and  in  a  fair  way  between  the 
Lands-end  and  Ireland.  As  it  lies  in  th«  mouth  of  the 
Severn,  a  ihip,  in  eight  or  ten  hours,  may  be  over  on 
the  coall  ot  Ireland. 

Sr.  I).\v  in's  is  an  cjafcoiial  lee,  which  was  once  con- 
liderable, but  is  iio.v  im.ill,  ami  thmlv  inhabited.  The 
cathedral  is  ihe  remnant  of  a  venerable  buiWing. 

C'audic,  ASsiiiRl.,  Iituated  nonh-eallot  St.  (ieorge's 
Channl^l,  is  a  barren  '.ounty,  but  contains  loiiie  valu- 
;iblc  mines. 

Cardigan,  222  miles  trom  London,  is  plelfantly 
Iituated  at  the  moulh  of  the  "leivy,  over  which  it 
h.is  a  Hone  bridge,  le.uling  into  IVmbrokelliiie.  It 
is  a  large,  ancient,  and  poj.ulous  borough,  and  carries 
on  a  conliderable  trade,  elj)ecially  to  livlaml,  the  tide 
(lowing  up  to  the  town.  The  chuich  is  a  I'.antllome 
Hrurture;  but  the  c.iHIe  is  in  a  ruinous  conditi.in. 

Aberillwyili,  though  a  tinall  town,  has  a  very  con- 
fidcrable  market  once  a  week. 

MoN  rooMER  vstiiRF.,  to thc  eaftof  Merionethfliire, 
ami  the  well  of  Shroiilhire,  is  in  the  principal  parts 
teriile,  ami  remarkable  for  the  horles  being  larger  tlum 
in  the  other  parts  ot  Wales. 

Montgomery,  161  miles  from  London,  is  fituated 
in  a  very  healthy  air,  on  ihe  eafy  afcent  of  a  rocky  hill, 
having  beneath  it  a  plealant  valley,  throimh  which  the 
Severn  winds  its  courle.  The  tow r.  is  large,  but  the 
buildings  indiH'eienl,  except  a  tew  belonging  to  Cv.'n- 
liderable  families. 

Welch  Pool,  lix  miles  from  Montgomery,  is  a  large, 
well-built  corjxirate  town,  Iituated  on  a  lake  in  ;i  fruit- 
ful vallev,  where  is  a  good  manutac'ture  ot'  rtannol. 
On  the  ibuth  tide  is  a  redc.iHle,  belonging  to  thc  Earl 
of  Powis. 

Nh;RioNKTiisiiiRi',  eaH  ot  St.  Cleorgc's  Channel, 
is  a  mountain. Ills,  barren,  bleak,  unhealthy  county; 
ami  the  inhabitants  are  more  remarkable  for  idlenels 
and  incontinency  than  any  other  Welch  people. 

Harlech,  -'2^  miles  trom  London,  is  iituated  on 
a  rock  near  the  lea,  where  is  an  harbour  for  Ihips.  It  is 
a  mean  town,  thinly  inhabited,  but  has  a  garrifin  for 
the  lecurity  ot  the  coall,  and  an  old  decay^il  cattle, 
originallv  a  Hrong  tort  oi  the  ancient  Britons.  In  the 
year  1604  the  country  about  Harlech  was  annoyed 
iibove  eight  months  with  a  tiery  exhalation  ot  a  curd 
colour,  winch  ai>)le  from  the  lea,  and  was  leen  only  in 
the  niiiht.  It  let  rtre  to  barns,  ll.icko  ol  hay  and  corn, 
in  its  way;  inte^ted  the  air  and  blailed  the  grafs  an.l 
herb.ige;  lo  that  .1  great  mortality  among  the  Iheep, 
horle' ,  and  cattle,  eiU'ucd, 

Dolgclly. 


(jio         A  NEW.  ROVAI.'  ant  AUTFTEXTIC  SYSTEM  or  UN'IVERSAI.  CEOGRArHV. 


« '.  i,  ■' 


Dolgollv,  ;6  miles  from  Wilch  IVmI,  is  titiuiial  m 
awoinly  valLvhy  tlu-  Avon,  at  tlif  (not  dl  ilic  iTiat 
moiKit.iiu  (.".uliT-ldri-,  wliiili,  In  loiiijimiiion,  is  ncir 
three- miks  lii..i1i,  aiul  oiu'  of  ihx  lutiult  in  Hiit.iiii. 
Here  arc  inns  tor  iravellcr-,  ami  a  [Miml  market  tor 
^\  elel\  cottons. 

C.\RNAnv(iNSiiii;K.  (ituatoil  I'oiith-eali  oi  tiie  Itle 
ot  Angl  lev,  is  very  mountainous,  hut  alioumis  in  cat- 
tle, (liecp,  goats,  Sec. 

Car!iarvoii,  i^i  mites  from  l/nidoii,  i^  fituateil  o' 
tho  clianiiei  that  le;ia.'-ate's  this  from  the  Kle  ol  An^le- 
iev,  aiul  w.is  buih  In  eonimand  ot  I'.iKv.inl  I.  out  ot 
tlie  ruins  of  the  citv  Sa2;oiituini,  uhieli  Ilootl  a  hiile 
helow  It.  The  town  \i:\>  a  tieaulilul  prolpect  ot  the 
llle  ot' Anj^lelev.  It  li.ul  a  ihoni;  c»llle,  now  in  ruins. 
The  market  is  lujipiietl  with  corn,  ami  ail  tijrts  ot 
provilions. 

DuNBionsirinE,  to  tlie  I'outh-uetl  of  I'iintlhire,  is, 
in  manv  |;arts.  mountainous  a;Hl  liarren,  yet  contains 
tome  fertik-lpots. 

Denbigh,  ziomik's  from  l.oniKm,  is  a  hanillome, 
populous  town,  llan(N  on  a  brainh  ot  tiie  Chvvii,  ha^ 
a  c;oo,l  iraile,  anil  is  by  tome  iltiemeil  the  bell  iiuvnin 
North  Wales.  It  h.is  a  gocxl  market  for  corn,  cat- 
lie,  antl  otlKT  provifions;  and  two  churehe!.  Here 
are  the  ruins  ot  a  eallle  ililmantled  in  the  civil  wars ; 
and  alto  thnic  ot  an  abbey  ot  monks. 

Wnxh.im  is  a  town  well  inhabited,  anil  coniain> 
A  hindlome church,  the  lleeple  ot  which  is  admired  I'T 
itr  curious  an  hiiect  ure. 

Ruthin,  litiiated  in  the  vale  of  C'iwvd.  is  a  corpori- 
lion  town,  well  inhabit  '■•  and  luis  an  holpiial  and  tree- 
ichex)!. 

FLiSTsiiiKr.,  Iltuateil.welluf  (.'lielhire,  i-  in  many 
places  fertile  and  contains  loiiu-  luitKs. 

Flint,  i()5  miles  trom  London,  is  the  coiintv  to.vn 
and  Hands  on  an  arm  ot  thenver  Dee.  It  had  I'oimer- 
ly  acaille,  the  ruins  ot  which  are  lliil  ler.iaininu. 

St.  Ala[)h,  111  miles  from  London,  is  a  bill)  i])\ 
fee,  lituated  in  i)k-  vale  of  C'luvd,  at  the  confUix  ot  the 
I'.lwv  with  the  Cl.wd;  but  the  buildings  are  not  re- 
markable for  iKautji,  nor  the  church  tor  elegance, 
'llie  epifeoj)al  Ice  was  founded  in  the  vear  s<5^-  '\^ 
kentijj^ern,  billioj^  ot  (ihilgoA,  in  Stiiikind,  «ho  reiiiin- 
cd  it  to  hi'-  dikiple  .'\lapli,  trom  whom  it  lias  its  name. 

I'he  coiiniv  ot  .\nglelev,  will  be  dJcnbed  in  our  ac- 
count ot  llkmds  belongini;  to  or  inrrouiidin^  (ireat 
Uritain.  Tiie  toilowini:  tabic  \\\\\  i  \hibil.  m  one  point 
ol  Miw,  tiie  i>ariiculari  relative  to  the  couiitie*  hetore 
llienlioned  : 


R.ulnorlliire 
Brecknocklhire 

(i!aniiiri.',an''u''e 

C'ir.r.artheniluic 

rembiokelliire 

Cariliganlhire 

M  ):U:;oiiier\lh. 

.XKrioiA'tlilliire 

Carnrirvwnlhire 

D(  nb!i;!illiire 

Mialthire 


M- :• 

CI  .1  T-.»t,. 

!...,« 

H.rl 

Vlnlh 

,-!    I'JI 

.\ew  Radnor 

20 

18- 

S 

2 

llkec  Knock 

^S 

U 

6i 

2 

iC.iidiif 

T-    ■> 

11 

iS 

2 

ic'armarihen 

40 

^7 

8 

2 

rembioke 

.v> 

iS 

'4i 

.? 

Cardigan 

J.O 

18 

04 

2 

;.\lonti;aiiierv 

■,^ 

i.i 

47 

iHarlech 

,  - 

.■).■) 

as 

M 

1 

■Carnarvon 

40 

68 

ua 

,        1 

jl)  nhij,h 

.1' 

'7 

.'J? 

2 

flint 

.^3 

8 

28 

^        , 

SEC  1  ION     III. 

Pfi/hil',  DiflnfilivUi,  Genius,  Cnjhitis,  Afii'iii'i  a,  7h- 
Jf  •'!:■! ;  Chil'r.  and  Or  Jen,  lii^nior  mul  iii/enor ; 
tcluttje  (Miihctibin,  tSi.  fj  ihr  I'iopU  cf  South  H,i- 
t  I'll  II. 

''T^riF.  people  of  Ent^kuid,  in  I'eneral,  .-tre  of  a  good 
X  'iZ-e,  aiitlAell  Mi.ide.  They  have  ret^ular  teatures, 
a.'id  commonly  i;;ir  Ikins  and  liorul  comiile.xioiis.  It  is, 
however  to  be  prcfumcd,  that  the  ^'jeal  numbers  of 
foreigners  that  are  intermarried  with  the  natives,  have 
giVtii  acail  to  liivir  perfons  and  i.jiii;.lexi..n.,  dltliiitnt 


trom  thole  of  their  anciOop.  The  women,  in  pir- 
iicul.ir,  are  deemed  the  moll  beauiilul  in  Europe. 
Htlide-  m.un  external  uraoes,  imuliar  t.i  them,  th.-v 
are  to  bi  elleciued  torllieir  prudent  beliaM.ur,  thorough 
deanliiiels,  a  tender  aileci  ion  lor  ihtir  hulhands  and 
children,  .mil  all  the  en^;a'^mtj  duties  ol  dcjiiulUc  liK-. 
The  lalhionaWe  ilrefs  ot  tlie  Etv^hlli  i»  ulually  copied 
trom  the  I'tenih  ;  but  the  tormer  i:enerallv  add  liecen.  y 
.ind  cleanlincls  to  the  dci or.it ion>  of  the  latter.  The 
moll  common  }K-rlonal  iklict  is  tkcayeil  tietli,  iiuin 
the  liorbiitic  humour coniiiion  'o  the  countrv. 

The  nerves  ot  the  Eii^hlh  .ite  lodeheate,  that  people 
ol  both  lexes  are  lomctiiiies  lorciblv,  luv  mortallv,  at- 
teCted  by  imagination.  Tins  over  lenlibiiitv  has  been 
conlidered  as  one  ot  the  lources  ot  thole  lin  :ularitic5 
which  to  llrongly  char.uieri/c  the  F.ngliih  nation. 
They  lometimes  mai'.nity  the  fmallell  appearances  iiii(> 
real  ills,  and  yet  when  leal  ilanuer  ap'pro,iche>',  no 
lieojilc  t.ice  It  with  greater  reloluiion  or  contlancy  of 
mind. 

The  manner*  ot  the  Englilli  peoDle  varv  m  the  dif- 
terent  ilatfesot  whieh  they  are  compoled,  accordiiiL; 
to  the  ijilleience  ol  education  inii  inteicourle.  I'erlons 
ol  talluon,  alter  luiMng  lUidied  at  the  univerlity,  com- 
moniy  tr.ivel  lor  iinjirovement.  Thev  are  magnilicent 
in  their  drel».  ei)uipai;e,  dwellings,  and  manner  of  liv- 
ing ;  generally  polite,  hofpitibie,  good-natured,  hu- 
mane, charitable,  and  torgiving.  On  the  reverie  of 
their  chaiaitcr,  we  hkewiic  oblerve  a  ihlpoliticii  t.) 
g.iming  and  not.  They  are  in  geiifial  blunt,  arilef, 
.ind  averle  to  civilitv  and  criiL'jng.  Hence  ariles  |m,j 
treiiueiitly  a  rudenels  ol  behaviour,  which,  by  torciun- 
ers,  h.i',  been  confulercd  .as  bordering  on  bruiality. 
The  Enghlli  merchants  are,  beyond  all  others,  lamous 
tor  their  honourable  dealings,  .is  well  as  lor  their  kiiow- 
leilge ot  trade, and  their  extenli\e commerce. 'I'lie  people, 
in  [.'cneral,  .ire  mailers  i.^i  the  ditlLreiit  proteliions  thev 
i.xercili.  I'heir  workm.inlliij)  is  mai;;  and  elegantly 
■linillied,  l.ir  above  anv  thing  of  the  l.uiie  lort  in  other 
c<miitnes;  and  though  they  are  not  ihe  moll  remarkable 
tor  iheirdiicovcries  m  the  arts  ot  handicratt,  the)  never 
tail  to  make  improvement.-^  on  the  imentions  of  their 
neighbouis. 

The  luiglilh  have  Inen  alwa\s  eiiualiy  famed  fir 
cour.i..!,e  and  ingeiuiitv.  Their  loldiers  are  tearleis  in 
the  il.n  otb.title,  .mil  have  ol  t.iine<l  a  great  lumber  of 
fignal  victories,  over  the  moil  powerful  and  warlike 
n.itr  ns  on  the  continent  ■,  and  their  tailors  are  confelled- 
ly  lupenor  to  all  liu  manners  upon  c.irth,  iti  aciuiiv, 
tkill   and  intrepidity. 

'.'  he  divcrdons  .iiul  pallimes  of  the  Fjiglilli  people 
ma  be  illvided  into  lliofe  ot  the  town,  and  tholi:  of  the 
coi  ntry;  and  .igai'i  liibdivided  into  inch  \->  .110  p  cii- 
'  „.■  to  the  higher  r.uiks  ot  lite  ;  lueli  as  ;ire  pr  leiilid  by 
the  lower  ikils  ol  |ieople,  and  tuih  as  are  e  immon  to 
Lioili.  The  diverlions  i^t  the  town  are  rid'itos  mal- 
querades,  loncirt^ot  iiuilic,  theatriial  |)ertorm.inces, 
and  card  allemblies,  tor  jierlons  of  talliion.  The  pat- 
limes  ol  the  countrv,  ()eciiliar  to  the  liime  ilegrce,  are 
hork-iaccs,  (lag,  to.\,  and  bare-hunting.  A  Ipirit  of 
gaming  prexails  with  great  violence  at  a  horle-race. 
Flunting  if.  the  Iport  ot  countrv  gentlemen,  and  tlioic 
whom  the  world  dilhnguilh  b'.  the  .ippell.ilion  ot  lo\- 
huntersleem  to  be  int.ilu.ued  iviih  the  diverli on.  The 
common  people  li.ive  likrwiie  their  town  and  country 
|allinie',  vciiich  they  einoy  witii  great  e.i'Krnels.  A- 
moiig  tiiele  we  number  Liidgehng,  wrelUing,  duck- 
huntin;^,  bowls,  ikittles,  or  iiine-pins,  archeiy,  pri  • 
li>n  bai>,  cricket,  Ihovel-lioard,  liiioif-,  divers  games 
ol  liiance,  and  Ipettacles  ot  various  knul  . 

Molt  1)1  1 1,1.* hulks,  belonging  le)  perloiis  ut  t.illiion, 
ate  b'lili  ol  Hone,  large,  mag.-.i!;ienl,  a;id  well  pro- 
vided with  oifues.  The  apartments  are  tp.iuou;, 
adtirned  with  carvings  and  painting'-,  and  the  turniture 
rich  and  tpleiidid.  'I'he  middling  lort  ol  jieopk-  live 
111  brick  hmilis,  roomy,  convenient,  well  liniibed,  anil 
neatlv  furniOied.  The  liabitations  ot  the  lower  clals 
are  i)ui!t  of  the  lame  materials,  though  not  li)  large  ami 
A'-'l',  finiih-;-! ,  and,  perhaps,  leveral  tamilies  are  crowd- 
ed 


GRAPllY. 


Till-  women,  in  pir- 
lx:u!titiil  ill  I'.iiropt'. 
miliar  to  ilifiii,  tli,-\- 
II  Ixliavinur,  tlioroiml) 
'I    tlicir   liiilliaiu^  and 

UtUS  ol    lliillRlllC    lilc. 

;;lilli  i»  iilu.illy  lOjicil 
lit lurally  aild  licccn'.  y 
l.^  ot  tl.c  lalli.'r.  The 
s  lU'taycd  Utlli,  fiuin 
o  tlic  count  rv. 
U)  ik-hcatc,  that  people 
iL)lv,  nav  iiiortallv,  at- 
iVvT  ii-iihiiiiiiy  ha'j  bci'tt 
•s  of  tluilc  lin  .ularitiifS 
:  till'  l''.ii;;lilli  nation, 
lalk'll  appcaranci'i  iiiio 
lanucr  ai'pruachcs  no 
lulion    or  conflancy   ol' 

people  varv  m  the  >lit"- 
;  conipolni,  aciorilnig 
!iii  intdcouile.  1'i.rloiis 
at  tlic  univcility,  loni- 

'I'livy  an:  niai;nilicent 
iig?,  anil  manner  ot  liv- 
)le,  [;ood- nature  J,  hii- 
ig.  On  the  reverie  ol' 
jhierve  a  liilpolition    to 

penfial  blunt,  arllet-, 
;in'^.  I  lente  ariles  too 
lOur,  vvhieh,  by  toivlyn- 
Kinkrinij,  on  brutaliiy. 
youil  all  oiIkts,  lanious 
s  well  as  tor  their  know- 
■  coininerce.  The  people, 
litllrei'.t  protefiions  they 
IS  neatly  anl  olesj,aiitly 
t  the  t.inie  tort  in  other 
not  the  moll  remarkable 
jt  hanilieraft,  they  never 
the  nueations   ot  theii 


An  *  .IK  NT  En  ( .  1. 1  s  1 1  1 )  i;  r.  s  s  I :  s  . 


4 


.vavs  ccjually  tamed  tor 
r  loldii-rs  are  tearleis  in 
laineil  a  ureal  lumber  ot' 
I    powerful  ami  v\arlike 

heir  tailors  are  eontelled- 
opoa  earth,  ia  aciivuy, 

-  ut'  the  I'.n!;!ini  people 
le  town,  and  thole  ot  the 
I  into  t'luli  as  are  |Heu- 
lueli  ;is  are  priCliUd  by 
lui  li  as  are  e  immon  to 
town  are  ridi'ilo--,  mal- 
theairii  al  pertoim.iiues, 
as  ot  talluoii.  The  pat- 
•  [o  the  liiiue  detirce,  are 
ire-huntint;,.  A  tpirit  ot" 
lolence  at  a  liorte-raee. 
y  gentlemen;  and  thole 
'.  the  appellation  ot  tox- 
.viih  thediverii  >i\.  The 
their  town  and  eouiiiry 
itii  [!,real  eajHrnels.  A- 
gehn^,  wiellling,  duek- 
uine-pins,  ariheiv,  pri  • 
rei,  tpioits  ilivers  games 
arious  kinds, 
in^  to  j)erloiis  of  falliion, 
jl.iii;ieni,  and  well  jirii- 
partments  are  Ip.aeious, 
nling'-,  ami  the  lurnilur.- 
dim-!,  I'ort  of  jieople  live 
iiieiit,  well  liiiilljed,  ami 
lations  ol  the  luwer  clals 
,  thoupji  not  lb  large  and 
cvcral  families  are  crow  I- 
ed 


/,/,    I,./////,/// /a//..  ^i',/',.,n>/ ,0<'       !" 


AN(  lKNTKN(;i.TS!ll)in-,SSKS.  . 


k 


w 


(  „ 


i 


I 


<'„.,!..;.  ^.  >  r.ANKKSs.  .,.'.  /^../, /.  y  ( '.Ki  XiKAlMIY  ^UUJ/'/  'U'^-  ^"'/"""' 


I  ,t  //,  V'"      .//,////>/'/'  !■'>■' " 


\N(.ll.MiiN<'»-lSllI)HKSSi;S 


.;,/  /,/J/f //'  !«>■!< ^ 


)1 


tfii 


.-.   F 


Kl'ROPF.] 


F.UROPEAN    ISLANDS. 


<il  into  one  li'ni!o.  Tlie  F.iii'jilli,  in  'T.-iiftjl,  arf  fmul 
oJ  ninxl  tht.r,  and,  [KThais,  \\\v  iiiurc  luxurioudy 
l\ui\  any  other  |K:<)pli'. 

|)illiii)|t«rs  ariliiiR  t'lom  intrmprruirc  arc  rife  in 
r'n^rlaiul,  iliK-cially  in  l\w  g^^-u  I'VMHi  trvcrs  ot"  all 
kinds,  ('i:.uwuitl,  remitting,  and  intcrniittin^i  inllain- 
iiiatii)ns,  iiuilii'iiant  and  eruptive i  plcurilits  touj;hs 
taMirlis,  <|iarriia'a>,  dvUntcrics,  and  lonluniutionsj 
j'.i'ut,  [;ravi-!,  dropl\,  i.iiinduc,  and  ilic  lins  niiktii. 
tint  tin  cndiiiiid  dll>•al^•^  ut  tiiis  climate  are  tlieliuivv, 
till'  iivpoiiioiuinacy,  and,  particularly  among  tlie  tair 
le\.  In  llcricb. 

i'lie  i!v  nirili  ot'  Knphnd   is  diOin'^iiillied  liy  tiie 
t  nil"- of  (ivd.i.o  III.  by  the  (;ract   ot  ( iiKJ,   ot  Ciroai 
Uniaiii,   I'ra.ii,  and  Irelaml,  Kinp,  Defender  ol  the 
haith.     lie  llili-;  himlclt  Kin"  ot  iTance  tioni  an  aii- 
lient  ilaiin  wliii  It  Ins  preileiillors  li.ul  to  that  kini^doni. 
The  tilli,  Dctend^T  of  th-  Kaith,  \s.is  anantimt  ap- 
|K'llaiu)ii  jjiven  to  tlic   kiii^s  ot   i'.n'^land ;  but    inure 
jMiriicularly  conlirninl   hy  l.io  X.  to  Hi  nry  Vjli.  in 
I  ontiiiiKiue  ol  a  honk  writtm  liv  thi-.  priiin    aj',aint) 
l.uther.      The  title  was  atiirwards  continued  by  ail  ol' 
pirliaiiK-nt.  The  kin|>ot  Kn'j;lanil  isliipreme  hi    I  ot  the 
I  hurt h, and  cliietiiiagillrateol  the  kingdom.  IK  '•    .the 
liiprinic  rif;ht  otpatronaiv,  par.iiiiouni   iver  all  ii..  ec- 
1 'i  lialliial  benetiiis   in    I'.ngland.      I  le  is  the  liipreme 
tivil  judge,  and  the  tnuntain  troni  wliiili  all   |\ilHie   is 
derived.      In   |iciint  ot  |ioaim,  pomp,  ili!;!mv,   and  re- 
venue, he  rivals  ihe  ^i\a!ell  mon.ui  lis  in  C'hriUeiidom. 
Til.'  r.ivil  alihicvemcnt  farnis^  birne  by  the  leiL'ji- 
inLil'ur.'U'   ii  thus  inarlhalled  ijuarterly.      In  tin-  tirll 
f;ran  I  i|U.irter   Mars,  three   lions   pallaiit-guard  int    in 
(vilc,  .^ol,  th«t  imperial  enliiins  i.t'  Kn^land :   ilu-fe  are 
impaled  with  ihe  royal  amis  ot  Siotlaml,  contilfin'^  ot' 
S,>1,  a  lion  rimjiant  within  a  douM  •  trelVure  tl(v,*eied 
and  i.iHinternoweri.d,   with  lieuis  de   lis.   Mars.     The 
leeoiui  oinrter  lontaiiis  the  arms  ot   l-'rance,   namely, 
jiiimn,  three  lleurs  de  lis,  Sol.    The  third,  tor  Ireland, 
exhibiii  Jui>iler,  an  harp,  Sol,  ihint^d  1  una.     in  ih.e 
fourth '.;rand  ([uarter  is  reprolented  his  prelent  majelh''; 
OAn  eoat  of  arms,  bein<;  Mars,  two  lions  pairaiil-i;uar- 
d.mt,  Sol,  tor  Brunl.vuk,  impaled  with   Lunenburg, 
f^ivine,  Sol,  lemce  of  hea-ts,  proper,  a  lion   rampant, 
Jupiter,    haviiig  for  antient  Saxonv,  Mars,  an  horle 
I  urreni,  I  aiiia,  t',iattai  in  b.ile  ;  and  in  a  lliield  lurtout, 
M.irs,  thedi.ule.n,  or,  a  croAii  of  C'harlemaone;  the 
whole  lurrounded  with  a  garter,  as   lovtieign   ot   tint 
order.      Ab-ive  the  helmet,  as  the  emblem  ot'|i)vereit',ii 
jiirildu'tion,  is   an  imperial   irown;    the  (Tell  a    lion 
[.ilfani-gu.irdaiit  crowned  with  the  like;  the  I'upporters, 
a  lion  r.impaiit-  uardant,  Sol,  ciowned  at  the  loriiur; 
and   an    uiiicorn,  Luna,    gonjed   with    a  crown,  and 
chained.     '1'\k-  royal  motto,  Difii  et  muiidruii,  "  (iod 
and  m\-  right,"  is  as  old  as  the  reign  ol  king  Richard  I. 
whoaliiimed  it  to  lliew  his  independence  ot  all  earthly 
(xii\ers. 

The  elded  Ton  of  the  king  of  F.ngland  is  horn  duke 
of  Cornwall,  and  afterwards  created  prince  of  \\  ales, 
with  letter.-patent,  by  which  the  laid  principalitv  and 
A  certain  revenue  are  granted  to  him.  He  be.irs  the 
king's  arms,  with  theadditionof  a  hbcl  of  three  jwints, 
chaVi^ed  with  nine  torteaux;  his  device  being  a  co- 
ronet heautilial  with  three  oi\rich  feathers,  inlcrih- 
cd  /./■  <//!•«,  tiL;;nif\  ing,  in  the  derman  langu.ige,  "  I 
♦•  llrve." 

The  nohilitv  of  f.ngland  are  numerous  and  wealthy; 
ami  no  country  in  lAirope  can  proilucc  liich  a  number 
ot  noblemen  living  in  all  the  pomp  of  aHluence,  ami  all 
the  )oys  of  independence.  They  are  ililfinguilhed  by 
the  ditlerent  titles  of  duke,  marquis,  earl,  vikount  and 
baron.  The  Ions  of  nobility  enjoy  certain  titles  byanir- 
telv,  .according  to  the  rank  of  their  lathers;  but  the 
law  ranks  them  among  the  commons  of  Kngland.  Thus 
the  eldell  l()n  of  a  duke  is  ilenominated  marquis  or 
earl;  and  the  younger  I'lns  are  faluted  by  the  ajipel- 
lation  of  My  L.onl.  The  M\  Ion  of  a  manjuis  or  earl 
is  denominated  lord  of  li)iiie  barony  belonging  to  his 
father;  and  his  brothers  arc  likewifc  ad<lreHed  by  the 
No.  S4. 


9M 

title  of  lord.  The  lifters  enioy  the  lintio'iiable  litli* 
of  ladv  in  the  lam.-  m inner.  Hut  tins  rourldv  11 
not  c.Meiided  t)  the  \oungcr  children  ol  vilcounis  anil 
baron.s. 

The  next  ilals  .„  order  of  perlinis,  after  the  barons, 
are  the  baron,  ts  of  l.iigland,  lo  tailed  ,is  an  iiilv.rior 
kind  of  barons.  The  title  of  h.ironet  is  conterred  by 
p.itent  under  the  ^'reat  K.il.  and  d.  U. mis  to  hens  male. 
Like  other  kiiM'Jits  he  is  dilliii^iuilhed  b\  the  ap|vlla- 
tiv'-  Sii  preti.\cii  to  his  ciiiilhaii  name,  in  ijicMkiiig  .uid 
writiif;. 

Lxilulive  of  baronets,  there  are  three  orders  of 
knl^hllllKHl,  M/.  darter.  Hath,  md  T. utile.  Tlieor- 
derot  the  ( lart  r,  dediiatid  to  St.  (ieorge,  is  one  of 
the  moll  anti.nt  and  honour  dile  ord.  rs  m  the  univerle. 
The  feat  I't  the  oriler  is  in  the  c.illle  of  '»\  imilor,  lon- 
lilling  of  the  chaptir-houle,  the  hall,  and  ihapel  ol 
St.Ceorge.  A  knight  of  this  order  is  dillinguilhed 
by  a  blue  ^'arterwiiha  gold  buckle,  worn  i.n  the  leli 
Kg,  and  inlcribed  llvni  /oi/  (jiii  ma'  \  ffii/i' ;  ligiiifying, 
"  Shame  to  him  who  puts  a  bad  conll.uclion  on  tlii'i 
"  order;"  by  an  embroulereil  lllver  (lar  on  the  i.fr 
hrealt ;  and  the  pit'f  ure  of  St.  (ieurgc.  enamellul  uikhi 
gold,  .thd  lielet  with  diamonds,  han^'ing  at  the  end  of' 
abroad  blue  ribbon,  that  cioHes  the  licHiy  from  the  left 
lliculder. 

The  order  of  the  Bath  was  inftituted  by  king  Henry 
I\'.  and  took  its  ilenomination  froni  their  bathing  on 
iheive  ot  their  aumifTion.  The  order,  which  had 
grown  oiilolete,  was  revived  by  king  Cicorge  the  F'irft, 
ill  till  viar  172,,  when  18  noblemen,  and  as  many 
commoners,  were  iiillalled  Knights  of  the  Badi,  with 
great  ceremony,  at  WellminlUr.  Tluy  are  'litlln- 
giiillied  by  a  liar  on  the  bread,  anil  a  hru.ul  red  rihb<?ii. 
Worn  like  a  belt,  over  the  Ihouldcr.  1  he  niuttoof  this 
jrder  is,    Tiiii  jioirlii  in  iino. 

The  order  of  the  '1  hillle,  |K>cu!iar  to  Scotland,  con- 
lilK  of  the  lovereign  and  1 1  knights,  who  wear  a  green 
ribbon  over  the  llioulder,  and  on  the  bread  an  embroi- 
dered liar,  rtprelenting  St.  Andrew  irradiated,  with  this 
mono,  Si'Dio  me  im/.iow  /,itrj/ir. 

All  the  gentlemen  of  South  Britain,  not  diftin- 
guilhed  by  nobility  or  knighthood,  have  the  gentr,d 
ilenomin.ition  of  Klquires.  The  highcft  order  of  ple- 
beians are  freeholders  or  yeomen;  then  follow  coj>y- 
holders,  iiieiclnnts,  traders,  mechanics,  hired  lervants, 
and  il;'.v-la!iourers.  But  it  is  to  beobferved,  that  opn- 
lent  ii.i'~i-lutiit>  are  conlidered  as  of  greater  importance 
tli.ui  the  degree  wherein  they  are  |)laced  in  the  above 
Idle,  and  frequently,  by  means  of  large  portions,  wed 
tl  eir  ilau  Jiftrs  to  nohilitv. 

A  Woman  in  England,  as  liion  as  married,  is,  with 

all  her  moveables,  at   the  will  and  ililjxjfition  of  her 

j  hulliand;  nor  can  the  alienate  any  thing  without  his 

I  content.      Her  neceli'ary  apparel  is  not   her  own  pro- 

peri  ■.     Nav,  at  the  death  of  her  hulbanii,  all  tlic  per- 

liinal  chatties  Ihe  poireU'ed  at   marriage  delcend  to  lus 

executor  or  admini'lrator.     She  can  make  no  contraifl 

without  her  luilband's  content,  nor  reply  without  liim, 

1  in  matters  of  law.     On  the  other  hand,  he  muft  pay 

j  the  debts  which  the  has  contrac'led;  and  if  Ihe  Iliould 

I  injure  anv  |)er!bn  by  her  tongue  or  irelpafs,  he  will  be 

obliged  to  make  faiistadion. 
!  The  authority  of  lathers  is  H)  abfolute  in  F.ngland, 
:  that  they  luav  gi\e  away  their  unentailed  eftates  from 
their  own  chiklren,  or  bequeath  their  fortunes  to  any 
j  mv:  child,  in  prelereiicc  to  all  the  rell.  A  youth  of  14 
I  mav  choole  Ins  guardian,  and  content  to  marri.ige  ;  at 
j  2  I  he  is  at  age  to  make  any  contract,  deed,  or  will,  and 
I  to  (it  in  parliament.  The  eldeltlbn commonl}  inherits 
I  the  landed  ellate,  and  the  younger  children  ate  por- 
tioned from  the  gooils  and  chattels. 

With  refpecl  to  the  inhabitants  of  that  part  of  South 
Britain  called  Wales,  they  are,  in  general,  brave, 
hardy  and  holi)itah!e  ;  je.ilous  of  atlVonts,  hally,  and 
proud.  The  nobility  and  gentry  Ijieak  the  Lnglilh 
language,  aH'eet  the  I'.nglilh  falhions,  and  endeavour 
to  civilize  the  lower  onleis  of  their  countryinen.  The 
J 1   A  com- 


A  N'KW,  ROYAF.,  and  AUTIIF-XTIC  SYSTEM  or  UXlVr.RS.AI.  (jF.C-f  ,RATI  I Y. 


!      i 


F  ' 


922 

common  i)coplo  {tlioui;!!  romc  <.)t  ihcm  iju-uk  1',iil'.1i  ih 
imiirtlrcinlO  lommoiiiy  ulc  the  Wclcli,  bcina,  pariicu- 
larlv  .ittAchai  to  their  own  l.in;j,u.i^c. 

Si:  CI  ION    IV. 

CunJiiiitiO'i,  Gfvernmci:.    L/n.s,  if"/. 

IN  Jill  (l.ttcs  tl'  re  i>  .in  a'orolute  Tuprenie  power,  to 
wliieh  the  ri;4h' o;  le^ill.ulon  belon;;--,  ;uul  \vhieh, 
hy  the  lini;ul.ir  conllitution  ot  lliele  kin^iloins,  i-.  here 
ve!led  in  t.mi:,  lortU,  ;uul  toaiinons. 

Tiie  rujirenie  cxeeiitive  p,o\\er  ot  (Ireat  Uruain  and 
Irelaiui  i>  veiled,  by  our  eonilitu'i>n,  in  a  lin^L-  per- 
Ibn,  kin':;  or  queen.  Ihe  pcrlon  entitled  to  n,  wiie- 
ther  male  ct  t'eniale,  i>  entrulled  with  all  the  enfigns, 
rii;htN  and  preroi;at ivcs  nl  loVv:reij;n  |)0\\er. 

The  L'jand  tiindanier.tal  maxim  upon  which  the  riuht 
of  luci'.  iiii'n  to  the  throne  of  thele  kingdoms  tlejvnd-, 
is  "  Tliat  the  crown,  by  comnK)!!  law,  and  conllitu- 
"  tionil  cullom,  is  heredi;arv,  and  this  in  a  manner 
'  peculiar  to  itielf ;  Inu  that  the  riiiht  of  iniieriiaiu  e 
"  may,  trom  tinu'  to  lime,  be  Lhaiiiicd  or  limited,  by 
"  aet  ot  paiiianunt,  iKuieruhich  limitations  the  irown 
'•  llill  cvntiiuies  hereditary." 

Al  the  ■.voluiion  in  lOSS  the  corn\'n!ioii  ot  tiie 
ellates,  or  reprelentativc  luxly  ot  the  naiion,  ileclared, 
tliat  ihe  inik-oiidu>.\  ot  Kin<;  [ames  11.  .iniounteil  to  an 
abdieativin  ot  ilie  <2_oyeniment,  ami  that  the  throiu  was 
thereby  yacaiii.  in  conleijueiKe  ot  !!iis  vacancy,  mkI 
trom  a  regard  10  the  a.itient  line,  the  convention  ap- 
pointed the  next  I'roteliant  heir  ot  ti'.e  blo'xl  royal  ot 
Charles  I.  to  till  ilv-  vae.viu  throne,  with  a  lemporarv 
cxcejilion.  or  i)retereiKe,  to  the  perion  ut  kiiii;  \\  il- 
ium 111. 

On  the  impending  l.iilure  of  the  l'rote(\a;it  'i:ie  of 
kinj),  Charles  !.  the  kiiii;  aiul  p.'.rhament  extentLd  the 
letllement  of  the  crountothe  I'roleltant  line  ol  king 
I  <nies  I.  viz.  to  the  i>rmccl'-  .Sojihi  i  v\  Hanover,  aiul 
the  heirs  of  her  Ixxly,  beini;  I'roieltants.  .She  married 
the  iluke  of  Brunlwick  Luner.hurg.  by  whom  llie  had 
(jeorge,  elector  ot  Manover,  who  .ik ended  llie  throne. 
In  an  ae'l  of  ])arliameiit  exprelsly  ni.ide  m  favour  ot  his 
mother;  and  that  princels  is  now  the  common  flock 
from  whom  the  heirs  of  the  crown  mull  ilelcend.  'I'liis 
.ippears  robe  the  true  conllitutional  notion  ol  the  right 
of  liicccfTion  to  the  liuperial  crown  ot  thele  kinmloni-. 

^\■hen  liich  an  liereilitary  rioht,  as  our  laws  have 
ire.iteil  i,  1  \elle(i  in  the  royal  llock,  is  clolely  inter- 
woven with  thole  li  Tties  which  are  equally  tlie  inhe- 
rita!iceof  the  lub]ev.\  'his  union  will  torn«  a  conlliiu- 
tion  in  theory  the  moU  iieau'.itul,  in  practice  the  molt 
approved,  and  in  iluration  tlie  moll  jermanent.  This 
conllitution  it  \i  the  iluf\  ot  every  Briton  to  underlland, 
10  iivere,  and  toikfend. 

The  houfe  ot  lord-,  is  compofed  of  all  tlie  peers  of 
the  reaini,  Ipiritualand  temporal.  The  commons,  in- 
chiding  llie  Scotch  me.'..bers,  are  cholen  by  the  cou:ilies 
.ind  borougiis,  and  intli^ir  collective  boil}  are  iUMpol'ed 
ta  rcprelent  the  [x-ople  ot  i':nj.'lan<l. 

It  is  iiigh'y  neceii'.uy,  tor  j)relervin<',  the  balance  of 
th.;  conllitution,  that  the  executive  power  liiould  be  .1 
lirauih,  thou|j,li  not  the  whole  ol  the  le;j,iilature.  Tlie 
croAU  cannot  be(;in  ot  itfelf  any  altcratioio  if.  liie  [ire- 
fent  ^llabiilheil  law;  but  it  ma\  approve  or  dil.ipiirovi.- 
ol  the  aheratioiis  luL;i;elled  ami  co:i;crited  to  b\  the 
twohoules.  The  legillative,  theieiore,  cannot  al)ridf!,e 
the  executive  ])ower  of  any  rights  which  it  has  now  liy 
law,  without  its  own  cunfent ;  lince  the  l.iw  mull  per- 
petually tland  .e  it  no  v  doi-s  unlets  a'.l  the  powers  will 
Ujjree  to  alter  It.  1  lerem  icmlills  the  true  t\cellLiice 
of  our  government,  that  a  1  the  pans  i,f  it  form  :i  mu- 
tual check  lijion  each  other.  In  the  le;!,illature  the 
pt.ijile  are  a  check  upon  the  iiobiliiv,  ami  the  m.bility 
a  chei  k  ujjon  the  people,  by  the  mutual  p'ivileye  of 
reject int;  u hat  the  other  his  rilolvetl;  while  the  kill}; 
IS  a  check  upon  both,  which  prevejil^  the  e.\i.aitiee 
[lower  from  encroachments 


'i'he  kiiiy,of  Knsiland,  belijeshi-.  high(ouri  of  par- 
liiinient,  has  luboidinate  oliicers  and  luinillers  to  aii;ii 
him;  and  thele  are  reli'onlible  for  tlieir  :idvice  ;inu 
comhict.  'I  he  |)eers  of  the  realm  are,  by  their  digi.ii  > , 
hereditary  counlellors,  and  may  betallcil  togtther  !.t 
anytime,  lo  impait  their  iidvice  in  all  matters  of  im- 
portance to  the  public  weal.  Ano'.hcr  council  are  tlie 
judjiesof  the  coll! ts  of  |;iw.  But  the  princijial  is  the 
privy  CL-uncil,  called,  by  w;u'  ot  eminence,  ••  liu 
"  council."  I'rivy  counlellor's  arc  ni.ide  by  th.c  km-  . 
nomination,  and  fubjed  lo  a  removal  at  his  dilcretioc,. 
The  p.iwer  of  the  privy  council  coiUilLs  m  eniiulriiv 
into  al!  ollences  iig.iinll  the  i;o\eriiment,  and  in  co:  .- 
mittiiij,  ofleiiders  into  faleiuilodv,  in  order  to  tak>: 
their  trial  in  tome  oi  tf.t  courts  of  law.  But  tiicir  lu- 
rikhction  divs  not  extend  to  pi;;iilh;nent ;  and  the  per- 
lons  lonimitted  by  them  aie  entitled  to  their  /w.-f.^ 
(CAW/j  ciiually  with  thole  committed  by  an  crdinarv 
lullicc  ot  the  peace.  In  this  council  the  civil  govern 
ment  isregulaled,  and  every  new  me.al'ure  of  thcadni; 
nillr.ition  propoted  and  plaimed. 

J'hfie  isacomiiiilteeol  liie  privy  council,  c.i'l.  d  the 
i-abimt-couiicil,  conl'lluii^  of  a  iiuml.'cr  ot  minill  t^  a.-id 
noblciiien,  aiLordiii;;  to  the  kiu'/s  opinion  ot  I'.-^ir 
integrity  and  abilities,  or  atiai  Iimeni  to  the  views  ot  the 
court.  One  of  the  niembers  ol  the  cabinet  council  i., 
generally  loiilidercd  ;is  firll  miniller,  though,  in  reality, 
there  is  no  oiiicc  of  that  kind.  A  refponiibiliiv  lor  all 
tlie  tranliielioiis  ot  government,  is,  however,  alna\s 
.innexed  to  tl'.e  title,  whii.h  rendei^  it  a  poil  of  gi,.:it 
danger  and  diliicultw 

llie  great  olilccr-.  ul  the  cniwn,  who  take  place 
next  lo  the  prince,  ol  the  bl'Mal,  ,uid  the  two  prim, ites, 
are  nine  in  number,  vi/.  the  Lord  High  Steward,  the 
Lord  Chancellor,  Lord  Tiealurer,  Lord  I'lefident  of 
the  Council,  the  Lord  I'rivy  Seal,  the  Lord  Ch.imber- 
lain,  the  Lord  Migh  Conllable,  the  JCarl  Mailh.il,  and 
the  Lord  High  Admiral. 

1  he  oliice  ot  Lord  His'Ji  Steward  is  only  excrciled 
occalionally,  as  at  coronations  and  trials.  'I'liat  oi 
Lord  Migh  Trealuier  is  vtlled  in  a  commillion  of  live 
perlons;  the  lirll  of  whom  is  fuppoled  to  pollels  the 
()owcr  of  Lord  Migh  'J'lViifurer.  I'hat  of  Lord  H:gh 
Conllable  is  introduced  at  a  coronation  ;  and  that  of 
Loril  High  Admiral  is  now  held  by  commillion,  and  is 
</f  very  great  importance. 

'I'he judges  ot  l-'.iigland,  appointed  by  the  king,  are 
12  ill  numlxr,  ilil[K}fed  in  difl'ennt  courts  of  nidica- 
ture,  iiml  divided  into  ccrtaiu  circuits,  tor  the  adiii'- 
niilnition  of  jullice  through  all  jarts  of  the  realm. 
The  triliun.ilb  helil  at  \\  iilminllcr  are,  the  courts  of 
King's- Bench,  Common- I'leas,  Chancery,  Lxchequer, 
and  the  duchy  chambtrot  l^anc.iller. 

Thcimnilhments  iniiicled  on  civil  criminals  in  lihig- 
land,  are  dilRrcnt  trom  tholi;  adjudgeil  in  other  coun- 
trie'-.  Hiv.li  tieaton,  petit  trei!,)n.  rape,  liKlonn  ,  mui- 
der,  and  k  luiiy,  are  c.iimal  crimes  by  the  laws  of  this 
country.  A  traitor  i-.  nrll  hanged  up,  then  cut  down, 
opened  and  enibowelled  ;  after  which  lie  is  quartered, 
and  his  he.id  and  members  expoli.d  to  the  populace. 
But  in  noblemen  this  lentence  is,  by  the  imiuigence  of 
thecriiwn,  always  changed  into  decapitation  ;  and  the 
crinunal  in  that  cale  is  beheaded  with  an  ax  on  a  public 
I  atlbld.  A  Ir.iitor  ia  not  quit  lorhisown  lite;  but  hi-, 
conviction  is  attended  with  the  ruin  of  hi',  f.unih'.  I  le 
loiieits  all  his  lamis  and  good-.;  his  wite  lofe^  lur 
dowry  ;  and  his  children  arc  de[)rived  (jf  their  iiobililv, 
and  right  of  iolieritance.  Coiners,  though  adjudgeil 
guilty  ot  high  trealon,  arc  only  haii;ieil  and  drawn. 
Petit  trealon,  comprehending  the  murder  ol  a  mailer 
or  millrefs  by  a  leivant,  ot  a  hufband  by  his  wife,  or  ot 
a  billiop  by  a  clevp;yman,  wlwiwes  him  obeilience,  is 
punillied  by  drawing  the  criminal  to  the  galiows  on  a 
hurdle,  and  hanging  him  by  iheneik  until  hebedc.id, 
except  in  iIk  cale  ot  a  female,  who,  tor  hi_;h  tre.iloii, 
.IS  well  as  petit  Ireaion,  is  I'enien' ed  to  beilrawii  .ukI 
burned  alive.  All  other  capital  crimes  are  punillud 
by  hans^iiig;  and  in  cafes  ol  muidet,  the  body  i.f  the 

uini:i:.il 


GriViRAl-IiY. 

iJi"^lii-  liiKlidniii  (.(  iM,. 
'-i'^  .iikI  iiiiniiKis  to  ;i|i.|) 
''''■■   t'T  ti.ar    :uiviec    ;;,ij 
^.ilm.ir.-,  hy  ilK-ir,Ji!r,.ii,_ 
'i-»>    1h'  uilUd  ti-elLiT  .'.t 
vii-t-  in  all  matters  01  iiu- 
Atuniicr  coujuil  ar^'  il^- 
Hut  the  princiiul   i>  tl,c 
•'»v    nt    (.•iniiKiui.',  "    I'iij 
t's  arc  iii.idc  In- the  ki;i..'.. 
removal  at  ill^  ilil^rcti,,';. 
iii-il  i-"iilil'L.i  111  cnquini!.; 
;"M.riHiK-!it,  and  in  Co:,..' 
!'w!y,  i;i    order  to  tak.: 
rl^  ot  luA.      But  liieir  lu- 
.n!;iilli:nciiti  aiul  the  n'or- 
c  entitled  to  tlieir  /id'rc.-. 
nmiltal    by   an   (.Tdinar; 
.'■unul  the  civil  govern 
•A  mealureof  rlieadnn- 

i'nvy  council,  ciil.  d  t!:c 
iiiinil.vrot  miniil  Mb  a:id 
kiirfb  opinion  oi  I'.^ir 
:itncni  to  the  vieuMif  :hc 
ot  the  tahinel  ccu.'ici!  i.. 
iiuller,  tiiou-h,  in  n  ;lit\, 
I-  A  reljioiuihih'iy  lor  all 
i-'iit,  is,  however,  always 
endeis  it  a  j.oll  of  ,.,v;it 

irown.  uiio  take  place 
od.and  the  two  [irimates. 

Lord  lIiMh  Steward,  iIr' 
ilurer,  Lurd  I'reliilent  of 
Seal,  the  Lord  Chani!>er- 
I"-',  the  J':arl  Marliial,  and 

Srcward  is  only  excrciled 
"s  and  trials.  That  ot 
1.1  ill  a  eonimilllon  of  live 
>  Uijipoled  to  potieLs  the 
ir.  riiatof  Lord  H:^;!! 
coronation  ;  and  that  "^oi 
fid  by  coniiiiillion,  and  is 

'pointed  bv  the  king,  are 
(i'ereiu  courts  of  ludica- 
.■  circuits,  tor  theadnr- 
all  parts  of  the  realm, 
miller  are,  the  courts  of 
;,  Chancery,  l^xchequer, 
ncalfer. 

n  uvil  criminals  in  j;.nu. 
adjueljied  ill  other  couii- 
ilon.  rape,  li)domv,  mut- 
mes  by  the  lav»s'ol  this 
gi-U  111",  then  cut  down, 
vvhicli  he  is  ijuartered, 
<poled  to  the  populace. 
''.  by  the  ii!dui';^ence  of 
odcc.ipiiaiioiii'and  the 
d  with  an  a.\  on  a  public 
lurhisown  lite;   but  hii 
■  ruin  of  his  taniilv.    Ho 
)di;    his  wife   loles   lur 
[mved  ol  their  nobility, 
ners,  though  adjudged 
liy  lian;;ed  and  drawn, 
le-  murder  ot  a   mailer 
illiand  by  hi.  wife,  or  ot 
'^ves  hiiii  obedience,    l^ 
'•>l  to  the  L'aliuws  on  a 
•netk  until  he  be  dead, 
who,  tor  hi^h  trealoii, 
ni  ed  to   be  drawn  and 
;il  crimes  are  puniljud 
Jitlct,  the  body  ot  the 
irimiii.d 


EUROPE] 


r.  IT  R  0 1'  E  A  N    I  .S  L  A  N'  D  S. 


'^•5 


criminal  is  adjud^^ed  to  the  iurgcons,  to  be  by  them 
diliected  in  public. 

The  punilhinents  for  liualler  oHi-nce-.  are,  burniiif:; 
in  the  hand,  liaul  labour,  imprUbiiinent,  the  piliofN', 
whipping,  tine,  Sic. 

s  !•:  c;  T  1  ()  N    \. 

uiul  M,\ijii:-e.\  Mi''i;<:i\  ii<ul  Sov^il  Fon\\  (Jc. 


1 


M  I V.  ellabl.lhed  religion  of  l".n^    ->il  is  a  I'rotellant 

cpilcopal  church.      The  king  of  Englanil  is  ac- 

kiiowledf^ed  ,is  lupreme  head  ot  the  church,  governed 
by  iwoarchl'iili'ips  and  14  fuirra^.ins,  each  of  theleeii- 
ioviiii;  the  tulv  ot  lor<l,onaci.ount  ot  1  he baronv annexed, 
and  haviiii;  nivcedence  iinniediately  after  vifcounts,  in 
parliament  as  \ie!l  as  in  other  r.UVniblies.  The  tAO  arcii- 
iejiiliopal  fees  are  thole  ot  Canterbury  and  York,  to 
which  all  the  other  dioceles  of  Enf^land  and  \\  .lie-;  are 
liiliie-;.  The  arehbilliop  of  Canterbury  is  filled  the 
primateofall  Knt^land  ;  is  the  iirlt  ]ieerof  the  kini;dom; 
ju'ecedes  all  dukes  and  threat  olfu  is  of  the  croun,  next 
the  rova  taiiiilv;  and  ])ertorms  the  ceremony  of  the  co- 
ron.ition.  The  dioceles  eontained  in  tli,-  province  of 
Canterbury  are  thote  of  Lonilon,  Wincheller,  Ely, 
l-iiKoln,  Rochefler,  Litihfielil  and  Co\entrv,  Heie- 
fonl,  Worceller,  Bath  and  Welh,  Saliibury,  I'.xeter, 
Chichefter,  Norwich,  Cilouceller,  Oxf<>iil,  Peterbo- 
rough, and  Hrillol ;  and  in  Wales,  the  bilhoprics  of 
St.  David's,  l^andatV,  St.  .Ataph,  and  Baii;;or.  The 
arcl.bi(ho[)  of  York  is  filled  primare  of  EnL:,lan(l,  and 
iiK  trojH'.litan  i  h.ith  place  and  precedence  ol  all  dukes 
iiexi  to  the  roval  family,  and  all  great  oliiceri  of  ll.ue, 
except  the  lord  chancellor.  He  e.ijoys  many  preros;i- 
tivis  and  privileci.  -  witliiii  his  own  ])rovince,  wliK  h 
Comprehends  the  bilhoiirics  of  Durham,  Carlille,  and 
duller,  belides  that  of  Sailor  and  Man. 

The  church  of  ('^.n^^land  is  more  tolerant  than  any 
(ithcr  n;Uional  church,  with  rcfpee'l  to  its  principles. 
Moderation  beina;  its  governing  character,  no  religious 
le-cl  here  is  |)reveiued  tioni  worlhipping  Gixl  in  that 
manner  which  their  coiiici-'iees  aj)prove.  Hence,  lince 
the  retiirmatioii,  a  number  of  iecis  have  arilen  under 
the  leveral  denominations  of  Prelbvieri.in-,  Iade[>.'n- 
dfiits,  Baptiib,   Method.ilb,  (.Juakers,  Jyc. 

'l'hou<j;!i  unqualified  men  are  admitted  as  preachers 
amonpll  lome  of  thole  lecU,  many  of  tiie  mip.illers  ot 
thofe  who  exclude  the  illiterate  from  their  pulpits,  have 
jjreatlv  dillini;uifhed  themlelves  by  tlieir  learning  and 
abilities;  aiuriome  of  their  writiiiL,s  are  lield  in  high 
cllimatioii  by  m.my  of  the  clergy,  aiul  other  members 
ot  the  ell.iblilhed  church. 

Numbers  of  fimilifs  in  luigland  Hill  profel's  the 
Roman  Catholic  religion;  and  its  exercile  is  under 
\erv  mild  and  gentle  reltriitions.  Some  writers  have 
exclaimed  with  great  violence  againfl  the  nunierous 
leOis  tolerated  in  this  country  :  but  let  it  be  conlidereil 
that  civil  and  religious  liberty  are  clofely  connected, 
and  that  it  by  no  means  becomes  any  church,  which 
makes  no  pietenlions  to  infallibility,  to  let  up  the 
llandard  of  perlcciition.  W  here  candour  and  charity, 
and  a  love  ot'  truth  and  libertv,  unite,  anion,;  thole 
who  differ  m  feiuimeiu,  peace,  order,  and  harmony 
mud  ever  prevail. 

The  l'>iglilh  language  is  comiiounded  ot  fever.il 
others,  but'more  panu  ulaily  of  Saxon,  Celtic,  P'rencli, 
and  Latin;  but  the  former  predominates.  This,  iii- 
llead  of  rendering  it  deleclive,  gives  it  innumerable 
gr;ice-  ;  liiiee  it  li.is  ineoriwr.ited  moll  of  the  beauties, 
an<l  rejeofed  the  defects  ot  the  languages  of  vvhichit 
is  coiiiixMed.  llence  it  is  more  energetic  than  the 
irencli',  more  manly  than  the  Italian,  more  c  )|)i.'us 
than  the  Spanilli,  and  more  elegant  than  the  German. 

{•'.ngland  may  be  ileemed  the  te.U  of  the  mii!.-  .  Al- 
fred t  lie  (iieat  cultivated  literature  at  a  iicriod  when  all 
the  rell  of  luirope  was  jilunged  into  ignorance  and 
barbarifm.     Suicc   his  time  a  continual   liictcliion  ot 


learn.'d  men  have  been  diHingtiilhed  bv  their  inaflenv 
writings,  and  done  credit  to  t'he  Britilli  n.ime;  and,  at 
pief.iii,  lii'Mature  in  I'.ngl.aid  fLuns  to  ha\e  ariu\d  .it 
Its  utmoll /.nitli.  Indetd,  we  hive  men  of  geiiiu' a  ! 
ingenuity,  who,  in  almoll  every  art,  leieiue,'maiuil.ic- 
liay,  ami  iirolclliini, exceed  thole  ot  any  other  nation. 

fajgland,  being  |iKiitifiilly  lupjilied  with  all  the  c  >i  • 
veiiieiices  of  hie,  could  fulilill  without  the  allillaiice  ot 
any  other  country  whatfoever.  But  as  foreign  com- 
merce is  .ulvantageous,  enijiloys  abundance  or  artiils, 
as  well  as  a  great  number  of  jxior,  and  is  a  manit'ell 
iiiiiTovement  to  all  nianufacuire  in  general,  lb  it  is  the 
luieil  aiul  mofl  effectual  inejiis  nut  oniv  to  enrich,  but 
10  Itrengtliea  the  nation,  and  render  u  a  terror  to  i;s 
enemi.s. 

The  Englilli  mercliants  traffic  largely  with  Runi.T, 
Sweden,  Denmark,  Norway,  Haniburgh,  Bivnien, 
both  lides  of  the  Baltic,  all  the  northern  parts  oi  (,er- 
many,  Holland,  Flanders,  Portugal,  Sicily,  liily,  the 
L  yant,  the  coail  of  Africa,  and  liie  Mali  andWill 
Imli.-s.  The  commoilities  exported  from  iMigland  aic 
comjirehended  in  the  dilferent  articles  of  corn,  cattle, 
Ihi;)  piovilioii,  butter,  cheele,  beef,  pork,  bilcuit,  iron, 
lead,  tin,  copjicr,  manufactured  and  unmaiuihwturcd 
leather,  cojiperas,  aliuin,  j^it-coal,  liitfron,  hops,  flax, 
hats,  Ihoes,  herrings,  pilchards,  cod,  falmon,  oyllers, 
liqu.irice,  watches,  ribbons,  toys,  and  all  the  difi'erent 
niaauiaclures  of  wool,  fuch  as  broad  cloth,  bays, 
kerlies,  rufh's,  fcrges,  lays,  friices  llufls,  flannels, 
rugs,  caps,  and  tlockiius.  The  products  of  wool 
are  the  principal  article  of  the  Englilh  trallic,  the  ex- 
p  'ris  of  them  exceeding  two  millions  yearly.  The 
iilliei-v  is  very  conliilcrable,  and,  if  properly  cultivated, 
would  equal,  if  not  excel,  any  other  branch  of  com  niercc. 
h  conlills  of  pickled  herrings,  cod,  ling,  and  tufk,  from 
S.ietland,  and  the  Scottifli  coaft;  red  herrings  from 
Yarmouth;  and  pilchards  from  the  wedern  coall  of 
England;  bciides,  a  coiiliderable  number  of  fhins  .an- 
nually employed  in  the  whale  (ilhery  of  Spitsbergen. 
The  imiwrts  from  various  parts  of  the  globe  are  im- 
meiile,  and  ni.ed  not  enumeration,  as  they  conlilt  of  the 
(iroduce  and  manufaclures  of  moll  of  the  countries  in 
the  ii:;iverle.  Many  branches  of  foreig.i  commerce 
are  monopoli/.cd  and  inaiuiged  by  incorporated,  or 
chartered  companies,  [^ir  tlie  (lid  greater  promotion 
ot  I'nglilii  irai  ,  a  couiuil  of  commerce,  or  board  ot 
tra'.le,  is  likewile  held  at  \\  hiteliall. 

The  Englilh  luiiils  are  perfectly  fecure,  though 
the  national  debt  is  enormous;  and  the  revenues  are 
immeiili-,  though  of  li)  complicated  a  nature  as  not  to 
be  ealily  alcertained.  Acconqits  are  kept  in  pounds, 
Ihillings,  pence,  and  farthings;  the  former  being  only  ;i 
nomin.il  kim.  Belides  farthings,  halfpeni'e,  lixpences, 
Ihillings,  half-crowns,  guineas,  lia;i-guincas,  which 
are  tlie  common  current  coins,  there  are  Ibme  filver 
[>iei.es,  Uicli  as  pence,  two-pences,  three-pences,  and 
groats  ;  atiJ.  Ibme  golii  ones,  luch  as  two  ami  live  guinea 
pieces.  There  are  two  forts  of  weights,  troy  and 
avoirdupois.  .All  goods  fubjee't  to  walle  are  weighed 
bv  the  latter,  all  others  by  the  former.  Twelve  ounces 
of  the  firli,  and  16  of  the  latter,  conllitute  a  pound. 
Mealures  of  length  are  the  inch,  toot,  yard,  fathom, 
perch  or  pole,  .acre,  fiirlonjr,  and  mile.  Dry  mealiires 
are  the  pint,  quart,  g.i'lon,  peck,  bulhel,  comb,  quar- 
ter, kill,  and  chaldron.  Eiquid  mealures  arc  the  gill, 
half-pint,  pint,  quart,  gallon,  firkin,  kilderkin,  barrel, 
hoglhead,  pipe,  butt,  and  tun. 

'I'lie  land  foices  of  Cireat  Britain,  in  time  of  peac :, 
do  not  exceed  40,000,  viz.  12,000  in  Ireland,  and  the 
rell  in  (ireat  Britain,  and  various  garrilons  beioiid  the 
leas;  but  in  time  ot  war,  during  hollilities,  the  num- 
ber is  augmented,  according  to  exigencies;  and  lome- 
timcs  the  troops  in  pay  are  very  numeroii-.  The  navy  of 
(Ireat  Britain  is  more  powerful  than  that  ol  any  other 
Country  in  the  univerie*.  In  peaceable  times  a  num- 
ber of  mariners  are  ret.iiiietl  by  gov.rnment  ;  but 
wiien  necedity  requires,  the  Britilh  lleet  is  reiulcivd 
aiiiazinglv  tonnidable. 

SIXTIO.N 


1^^'^',  (if 


9U 


A  NEW,  ROYAL  ano  AUTHF.N'TIC  SYSTI'.M  of  UXIVF.RSAI.  CKCr.RAl'l  IY. 


m'; 


-  ..:*i 


'  ll 


w. 


ii^ 


si'.t  riox  VI. 
^o  n  I  If  i:  n  i  t.i  i  s,  or 

SCO  r  LAN  I). 

SCOTLAND,  litiutcd  to  tliL- north  of  l"iii;lainl,  is  j 
IvmiKlcii  iioitliwaul  by  tlio  Frozen,  willwunl  hy 
iliL'  Hntilh  OuMn,  :uiil  to  tlic  loiitli  it  joins  I'.ni^land.  j 
Tin-  iL'iiL'.tli  ii  i  ;o  niik's ;  ;ind  tlu'  breadth,  where  widell,  ] 
1  :;o.  'i  lie  i)nne;i'::il  part  ot  tiie  cduntrv  is  nu>iint:iii)- 
(liis  ;iml  hilK  ;  the  air  ih.ir]).  init  wliolelonie ;  and  the 
Toil,  in  general,  interior  to  tliat  ot  l''.ni;laiKh  It  is 
divideti  into  two  dilhids,  viz.  Hii;idand.s  and  1  ,ow- 
hinds.  The  people  ot  the  former  are  nide  and  uncivi- 
lized ;  bill  thole  ot  the  latter  imitate  the  Enj;'.ilh  tiil'- 
tonis  and  manners.  The  whole  kingdom  is  well  water- 
ed with  rivers  and  lakes.  There  arc  a  tew  torelh  of 
tir.  Timber,  m  general,  however,  is  learee.  The 
quarries  contain  free-lhme;  and,  indeed,  Scotland, 
in  general,  in  everv  i>art  ot  its  natural  hiilory,  re- 
leinliles  fhigland,  except  liiat  mull  ot  its  productions, 
from  the  more  iinlavoura')le  tituation,  are  rather  in- 
ferior to  thole  ot  South  Britain. 

\N'ith  relpec'f  to  charaaer,  the  Scotch  are  iirave, 
pallionatc,  and  vindictive;  but  they  are  acculed, 
particularly  the  Highlanders,  of  inlinceritv,  rapa- 
i  ity,  avarice,  pritle,  and  nalhne:.-..  Indeed,  a  cele- 
brateil  S-itch  author,  in  lixa!.!  'g  ci  Sc;itlanil,  ac- 
knowledges tiiat  "  cleanlinels  is  a  virtue  very  rarely 
tound  in  this  part  ot  the  world ;"  but  atlds,  "  jierlijns 
ot  education,  fortune,  and  I'eiuiinent,  ought  to  be 
exempted  from  this  national  reproach."  They  are 
tond  of  raivibling  in  learch  of  adventures  and  money. 
Hence  the  proverb,  "  In  every  corner  ot  the  earth  vou 
may  find  a  Scot,  a  rat,  and  a  NewciiUe  gnndtlone." 
Many  of  ihem  attain  to  a  degree  ot  eminence  in  the 
various  branches  of  literature.  They  are  gooil  loldiers, 
ami  obte(juious  lervanis.  Their  clothes  are  after  the 
Knglilli  tathion,  exceju  that  their  pealants  wear  blue 
bonnets,  and  the  Higiilanders  ])laids,  the  only  remains 
ot  the  ancient  Roman  tliels.  i'hey  have  long  viliiges, 
high  cheek  bones,  and  commonlv  landy  h.iii.  They 
Are  alidemioiis  in  diet,  atul  bailly  accommoilated  in 
iheir  houles.  Motl  of  the  Scotch  are  uiuommonly 
fiuui  ofnuilit,and  their  tunes  are  iWeet,  e\[irel?ive, 
and.  atitviing  'Their  commnn  inllrument  is  the  bag- 
pipe. Tiierilieion  is  I'relhytery  :  and  the  kirkot  the 
kingdom  is  dividcil  intt)  i^  provincial  tvnods,  which 
contain  68  preflivteries,  antl  938  jiarillies.  Sixteen 
(leerr,  and  41;  commoners,  are  tent  from  Scotland  to 
tiie  Ihighlli.  parliament.  'This  kingilom  is  divided 
into  the  tollowing  cuuiiiies, 

C.^i'iiiNKss,  the  moll  north.ern  county  of  Scotland, 
is  ver\'  rockv,  inchuks  many  tiays  ;unl  jiromontories, 
abounds  in  cattle,  'heep,  goat<,  roe-bucks,  red  deer, 
aiid  i)rodui.es  cop]^er  and  iivn  ;  but  the  inhnbitaiits 
principally  live  by  lilhing  and  grazing.  Tiie  principal 
pi.ue  is  \\  eick,  a  royal  bv^rough  and  market;  tiiough 
i  iiurlo,  a  town  on  the  other  licie  ol  the  county,  is  deem- 
ed more  populous. 

Sc  niKiu.  AMI,  tuuth-v\etl  ot  Caithnets,  is  mountain- 
ous and  barren,  but  .veil  Uipplieil  with  tilli  and  uild 
low!,  bv  realon  that  it  is  not  only  watered  by  teveral 
rivers,  but  (ont;'.ins  above  60  lakes,  including  \:'rious 
linall  if!  md-..  'The  principal  place  is  the  rovil  borough 
of  Dornoi.h,  which  is  the  teat  of  a  prelbvterv,  con- 
tains a  tatlie<lral,  and  confills  ot  nine  parilhes. 

Ross,  wliieh  includes  Tayne  and  Ciumartie,  is  Mtu- 
.itcil  to  tile  louih-'.\etl  ot  Sutlierland,  and  has  Ino,.'  on 
Ms  mountains  the  greaii.ll  i)art  ot  the  year.  The  val- 
lies,  however,  arr  fertile,  the  air  gixxl,  and  the  hills 
produce  forelts  ot  tir,  game,  Sec.  'I'he  chief  place, 
Channeric,  thnugh  the  teat  ut  .1  ]iretb\  terv,  i.  but  an 
inconliderablc  market -town. 

Invekmss,  to  the  toiiih  ot  Rotstliire,  is  a  barren 
fou.'Uy,   but  pnxluccs  wood,  iron,  .ind  iiamc.     At  the 


mouth  of  the  Aber,  in  tlie  cer.er  between  the  Well 
and  North  1  ligh'aiv.ls,  tland  the  towns  ol  Maryborough 
and  Tort  \\  illiam,  built  to  check  the  dcpretl.it ions  cit 
t()me  of  the  Clans.  Inveriiets,  from  which  the  Ihire 
derives  iis  n.ime,  is  a  royal  borougli  on  the  river  Neils, 
over  wliiih  there  is  abridge  ot  leven  arches.  It  i^  ihe 
leal  ot  a  pretbvteiv,  contains  1  3  parilhes,  and  mav  be 
iutUy  liecmed  the  kev  and  cipiial  of  the  illands.  In 
this  coiintv  is  the  lake  of  l.,ochncts,  which  never 
trec/.es  in  the  leverell  winter. 

Naiun,  tituated  to  the  louth-catl  of  Rotstliire,  h.aj 
i  a  lalubrious  and  temperate  air,  and  contains  fome  ti;- 
I  hrable  |).ilUMe  land.  The  onlv  place  of  note  is  N.iirn, 
j  on  a  river  ot  the  lame  name.  'Though  a  royal  borougli, 
I  it  is  poor  and  mean,  and  the  l-.arbour  is  i^uitc  thoak- 
:  ed  up. 

i  I'.Loi.N,  to  the  eall  t.t  Nairn,  has  a  tolerable  air,  and 
j  the  low  countrv  is  fertile.  'I'he  town  ot  T'.lgin  is  ;i 
I  royal  borough,  lituated  in  a  verilant  plain  on  tlie  river 
j  I  ,ol]ie.  It  is  the  teat  ot  a  prclb\  terv,  including  13 
I  parilhes, 

j  Akov  i.FsiiiRF,  to  the  Unith-ivell  of  Invcrnets,  is 
I  a  Willi  barren  country.  'The  town  of  Argyle  is  the  leat 
I  ot  a  Provincial  Synoii,  conlilhiig  ot  live  ])relbvteries 
'  and  49  i)anlhes,  and  I'.ives  the  title  ot  duke  and  earl  to 
I  the  noble  family  ot  Campbell,  the  motl  jiowertiil  of 
all  the  Scottilh  nobilitv.  I'his  llnre  is  divided  into 
I'everal  dillricts,  viz.  Kintyrc,  Kna[Klale,  Korne,  Argvle, 
i  proper!'   lii,  anil  Cowal. 

i'l.R  nisMiuK  is  htuated  about  the  center  of  Scot- 
land, and  may  be  deeineil  one  ot  its  moll  fertile  pro- 
vinces.    The  people  are   jwlite    and  indutlrious,  ami 
their   habitation.^  neater   than   in   moll  other  parts  ot 
i  the  kingdom.      The  Ihire    is  divided  into   teveral  dil- 
tric'ts,  viz.    Menteith,    Braidalbin,  Alhol,  Stratherne, 
Ciowru',  Perth  l'ro])er,  and  Scone. 
i!       I'erih,  the  capital  of  the  province,  is  an  agreeable, 
I    populous  to.vn,  lituated  10  miles  within  land,  on  the 
!    louth  bank  ot  the  river  Tay.     It  was  otherwilc  called 
Si.  johnllon's,  from  a  church  liedicited  to  St.  John, 
'    as  the  |)atron  ot   the  |)lace.     It  is  a  royal  borough,  tl- 
cond  in  ilignity  to  the  metropolis,  and  the  leat  ot  a  large 
•  j)reli)\tery. 

j        Scone,  or  Scaan,  liippofed  to  be  the  center  of  the 

I;  kin  itom,  is  a  royal  (lalace,  llanding  on  the  north  bank 

■'.  ofihe'Tav,  t.imous,  m  toriner  ages,  tor  the  adjoining 

'  abbev.  tuundeil  lor  tl;e  monks  ot  the  order  of  St.  Au- 

gulline.     1  ieie  the  kings  of  Scotland  were  crowned  in 

ihe   fatal   chair,  laid   to  be  brought   bv  T'ergus  from 

Ireland,  includinii  in  its  bottom  a  rough  marble  flone. 

'    It   was  remo> ed  f rom  heiK  e  by  T.dward  1.  of  lingland, 

I  and  deiHjlited   in   Wellminller-abbcv,    where    it    itill 

'    rem  uns.     Si  one  gives  the  title  of  baron  to  the  viliount 

Storinont,  a  brj.ich  of  the  family  of  Murray.     He  is 

alio  hereiliiarv  keeper  ot  this  palace,  which   is  lari'e, 

■    Ipacioiis,  and  m,a9niticent,  though  built  in  the  ancient 

nuuHier.     Some  ol  the  pannels  are  adorned  with  pnint- 

',  ings,   performeil  abo\e  200  years  ago;  and  here  is  alnd 

;  ot    luie   needle-work,  tewed   by  tlie   hanils  ot    M.ir\, 

I    ijueen of  Scots.      The  houlewas  provided  with  ele!;.uit 

I    gardens,  a  chapel,  anil  otfices;  but  the  whole  is   now 

lalleii  into  decav.      It  was    in  the    chapel    that   king 

i'  Charles  II.  took  the  covenant,  when  the  Scots  inviteil 

him    to  this  kingilom.       Here  the   Pretender   reiiileil 

three  weeks,  in   all  the  llate  ot  a  monarch;  while  his 

general,  the  earl  of  Mar,  lay  with  his  lorces  at  Perth. 

Hamfsiiikk,  to  the  well  of  Aberdeenlhire,  is  .t 
verv  fertile  plealimt  count}',  inhabited  chielly  by  l.ow- 
landers. 

Bamli',  liluited  on  the  c<iall  of  the  Murray  Triih, 
is  a  u>\.\\  borough,  ot  very  little  lonlideraiion.  It 
was  of  old  lei  ured  by  a  callle,  which  is  now  in  rums. 
This  IS  likewile  the  call-  with  the  ;'l)bey  of  IJeer,  in 
the  neighbourhood,  which  belcnged  to  the  Cille;ti.in 
monks. 

Ahkki>kf,nsiiih  F.  has  a  wholetome  air,  is  well  wa- 


tered, 

fertile, 


tiiielv  i!i\erlitied  with  hills  ;uh1  dale 


I , 


-,  and  pretty 
Tic 


riRAl'IIY. 

•  cr  Iviwivn  thf  Wilt 
li'WiiMil  Maryliorough 

fik  the  ilo|)ritl.itit„is  u\ 
from    wliii:li  t\u-  Ihin- 

>i!|;li  on  tlic  rivtr  Neils, 

;,  [lariilu's,  ;iih1  iiviv  Iv 

iiiil   ot'  the  ill.iiKis.  '  lii 

OLliiicls,   wliicli  ntvct 

i-oll  olRol'sfliirv;,  !;;ii 

ami  Lijinains  lunie  ti;- 

place  ot  note  IS  Nairn, 

oii;;h  a  roy.il  borouyli, 

I'.arbour  is  tjuite  ihoak- 

has  a  toleral)le  air,  and 
le    tnwn   vi    I'.ljjiii    js   I 

•rilant  plain  on  the  river 
iclSytery,  including   13 

.i-nell  of  Invcrnefs,  is 
iiwi  i.t  Argyle  istheleat 
n^;  ot  live  jirelbytcries 
iille  ot  duke  ami  earl  to 
the  iiioll  jHiwertuI  of 
lb  Ihire  is  divideti  into 
iiainlale,  Korne,  Argyle, 

)ut  the  center  of  Scot- 
ol  its  moll  terulc  ])ro- 
e  anil  indulirious,  and 
in  moll  other  jarts  vi 
liviiled  into  leveral  dil- 
liin,  Athol,  Stratheriie, 
one. 

jvince,  is  an  agreeable, 
les  within  land,  on  the 
It  was  otherwilc  called 
dedicated  to  St.  John, 
;  IS  a  royal  borough,  |L- 
is,  and  the  Icat  ol  a  large 

to  be  the  center  of  the 
iding  on  the  north  bank 
■  ai^es,  tor  the  adioining 
ol  the  order  of  St.  Au- 
;'iiland  were  crowned  in 
"uuht  by  l''erg\is  froni 
n  a  rough  marble  flone. 
I'.d'.vard  J.  of  England, 
-abbcv,  where  it  ilill 
ot  baron  to  the  vilcoutit 
ily  of  Murray.  He  is 
palace,  which  is  lari>e, 
ugh  built  in  the  ancient 
are  adorned  with  })aint- 
•s  ago ;  and  here  is  a  bed 
Y  the  hamls  of  Marv, 
5  provided  with  elegant 
but  the  whole  is  now 
the  chapel  that  king 
when  the  Scots  inviteil 
the  I'retender  relided 
a  monarch;  while  his 
ith  his  turces  at  I'eitli. 
)f  Aberdeenlhire,  is  a 
labitcd  chielly  by  l.ow- 

of  the  Murray  iTith, 
ittle  lontideiation.  It 
which  Is  now   in  ruins. 

the  :'l)bey  of  [Jeer,  in 
Jiiged  to  tiic  v.'ilk;iun 

liefotne  air,  is  well  wa- 
»  and  dale-,  and  jirciiy 


EURori:.] 


KUROPEAN    ISLANDS. 


915 


The  capiial'.r  this  county  is  Aberdeen,  80  miles 
north  of  liiliiihur-h.  It  Hands  upon  the  rivers  Dee 
and  Don,  and  is  incirecl,  divided  into  two  dill inct 
towns.  01,1  Abeideen,  the  feat  of  a  prcfliytery,  built 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Dun,  has  a  chiirJi  made  of  he.wi 
(lone,  with  a  lotly  Hecple  'ir  turret,  ending  in  an  ini- 
peiial  crown,  with  a  lound  globe  of  llone,  and  two 
gilded  crollcs.  Near  the  church  is  a  library,  furnilh- 
fd  with  a  v.ihiable  colkdion  of  books.  Old  Aberdeen 
is  chiefly  .vmarkable  for  the  college  founded  by  knig 
James  IV.  confilling  of  a  principal,  fub-princiiiai, 
icgcnif,  or  prolcllbr^,  of  divinity,  civil  law,  phylic, 
pliilofopliv,aiul  I  lie  languages.  To  tliofe  endowments 
Chailcs  I.  adiled  eight  burfers,  out  oi  the  iev:Muies  of 
vacant  bilhoprics.  King  Chailes  11.  beRowcd  upon 
It  the  benLliees  of  vacant  churches  in  fcvcial  dioceles 
for  fevcn  yeais.  From  thefe  benefaclions  it  derived 
the  lum^'  of  the  Caroline  L'niverfitv.  The  town  is 
(mall,  indilleivnily  built,  and  inconlidcrabic,  thou^ii 
v.ry  ancient.  Abi'Ut  a  mile  (Vom  hence,  at  the  mouth 
ol  tlic  rivcr  Dee,  is  New  Abeiilecn,  the  county  town, 
a  n.at,  pojiulou  ,  and  flourifliing  plac,  .adiirned  with 
cliuixhes  holpitals,  a  line  wharf,  a  cudoni-lioule,  and 
many  llaiely  tdillces  built  of  hewn  ilone.  The  (llfets 
.are  lai  ge  and  well  paved  ;  the  private  hoiifes  lofty,  and 
well  (inilhed,  provided  with  garilens  and  orchards, 
which  appear  intermingled  with  the  buildings,  and  at  a 
dillance  give  it  the  air  of  a  i  ity. 

Mi:arn^,  or  Kin'cam)insHire,  lliuateil  fotilh  of 
Aherdeeiilhire,  is  a  fertile  county.  The  principal 
place  IS  Sioneliive,  the  feat  of  the  couniy  courts,  a  fmall 
town  with  a  comim  dious  Invcn,  anil  enjoys  a  good 
falmon  (illiery.  Kim  ardin,  another  confiderable  place, 
(lands  on  the  river  Due,  and  gives  the  title  of  carl  to 
a  branch  ot  the  family  of  Bruce.  Cowy  is  an  ancient 
bornigh,  grcjtly  decayed,  and  remarkable  lor  nothing 
but  the  rums  ot  a  caiUe,  faid  10  have  been  built  by  king 
Makolm  Kemnoie ;  and  I^'ouixlon,  or  Mearns,  is 
a  fmall  tiHvn,  the  leu  (if  a  jirelbMery,  and,  before  the 
reformaiion,  famous  lor  the  reliqucs  of  St.  I'allaiiius, 
wlio  was  lent  over  to  Scotland  in  the  (ifth  century  by 
pope  Celelline,  to  enlighten  the  Scots,  and  confute 
the  Pelagians. 

I'OKKARsiiiRR,  to  the  f  .utli-wefl  of  Kincardinlliirc, 
proiiiKcs  wood,  minerals,  cattle,  and  g.ame. 

The  tounty-town,  I'ort.u',  brilows  its  name  upon 
tlie  Ihire,  and  gave  the  title  ot  earl  to  a  branch  of  the 
noble  lainily  ol  Douglas,  which  title  was  extinguilhed 
ai  the  death  of  the  lall  earl,  a  gallant  youth,  who  lofl 
Ins  hie  in  the  battle  of  Duuiblaine.  The  town,  though 
inconliderable,  is  a  loval  borough,  and  fe.at  of  a  prel- 
byiery.  The  moll  llourilhing  town  of  this  county  is 
Dunilee  antiently  callul  Alutum  and  Taodunum,  the 
birthplace  of  the  hiliorian  Heftor  Boethius.  Ii  is 
fiuiated  It  the  loot  ot  a  hil!,  on  the  north  fule  of  the 
Tay,  not  (ar  irom  that  river's  inllux  into  tlie  ocean. 
Diuidee  i«  a  royal  borough,  and  Icat  ol  a  preibytcry, 
handloniely  built,  aiul  inUrior  to  lew  towns  in  Scotland, 
in  lliengtli,  (ituation  ami  commerce. 

Clackmaman,  a  very  Imall  county,  is  fertile,  but 
contain,  only  one  place  ot  note,  viz.  Aloa,  on  the  I  ertli 
or  Frith,  a  lea-p.nt  (>f  tolerable  trade. 

I'^iFi-sHiiu.,  a  ]Kninlula,  between  the  I'orih  of  Firth, 
and  the  Tay,  is  i  ileiubly  lei;ile.  The  priiKi[)al  place 
IS  Coupar  ot  Fite,  the  county  (own,  (isuaicd  on  the 
river  E  leii;  but  the  moll  teiebiatcd  jilace  is  the  city 
of  St.  Andrc.v's.  Hither  the  bones  ot  Si.  Andrew  are 
i;iid  to  have  been  brought  from  Pairas,  a  town  i)f  Pe- 
lopiinnelus,  in  the  tourtli  century,  by  Regulus,  a  (Jre- 
tiaii  mo:,ik,  renowned  for  his  piety  and  learning.  St. 
Aiidrov's  WLis  alio  the  principal  ieat  ol  the  Culdees, 
who  directed  all  liicied  inlliiiuii  ns  from  the  lirll  con- 
vcrlion  of  the  I'icis  to  Chullianin  ,  and  has  always  been 
(anion-  tor  its  univerlity. 

The  illand  of  M.iy,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  in  cir- 
cumference, lies   (even  miles  (Vom  the  coall  ol  life, 
almoll   ojipolitc  to  the  rock  of  Hals.     It  tormerlv  be- 
longed to  the  (iiiory  of  Piltenwtcin,  and  wasdeJic.ittd 
No.  85 


I  1 


to  St.  Adrian,  fuppofed  lohave  been  martyred  in  this 
place  by  the  Danes;  anil  hither,  in  times  of  Popilh 
lupei Union,  barren  women  ulul  to  come  and  worlhip 
at  his  flnine,  in  hopes  of  bein;;  cured  of  their  (leri- 
lity.  FLre  are  a  tower  and  ligiit  lioul'e,  built  by  a  Mr. 
Cunningham,  to  whom  king  Chades  I.  granted  the 
illand  in  lee,  with  power  to  exaci  two  p. nee  per  ton 
from  every  (hip  that  palle..,  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
light-houle. 

SriRLiNGSHiRK  isa  plcalani  fertile  county,  filuaicd 
to  the  fouih  of  Perthlhirc. 

Stirling,  the  capital  of  the  county,  which  derives  its 
name  from  Stcr,  a  Saxon  word,  lignilying  Itiil,  and  Lin 
water,  was  anciently  called  I}inol)ara,  ot  the  fame  lig- 
niticaiionin  the  Scottilli  language.  The  town  Hands 
about  ;o  miles  from  Edinbuigh,"  on  the  ilefeent  of  a 
lill,  the  top  of  which  is  crowned  with  a  llately  old 
calllc,  of  whiih  the  earls  of  Mar  were  formerly  here- 
ditary callellans,  kei)t  in  repair,  and  garril'on  d  bv  tic 
government.  The  town  isenclofed  with  a  wall,  except 
towards  the  north,  where  the  part  of  a  tolle  is  l'up])licd 
by  the  rivcr  Forth,  over  wliich  tlic  inhabitants  have 
built  a  Hone  biidge,  coniilling  (jf  lour  llately  arches, 
and  feciired  with  an  iron  gate. 

Dumbartonshire,  to  the  north  of  the  Firth  of 
Clyde,  is  a  barren  county.  The  lake  called  Loch- 
lomond  is  a  great  curiolity,  being  Inpplied  b)  fubter- 
raneous  fprings  and  rivulets,  lurrouiided  with  huge 
mountains,  extending  25  miles  in  length,  and  in  tome 
places  five  miles  in  breadth,  incrediidy  deep  in  every 
part,  inteifpcrled  with  24  verdant  illes,  fome  of  which 
are  (locked  with  red  deer,  and  inhabited. 

Dumbarton,  the  county  town,  which  beflows  itsname 
u])on  the  (liirc,  is  a  fmall  inconfiderable  royal  borough, 
liiuate\l  near  the  conllux  of  the  Clyde  and  Lcven;  and 
at  prefent  remarkable  for  nothing  but  its  caftle,  which 
is  verv  large,  and  formed  on  a  very  fingular  conilrue- 
tion.  It  is  a  lleep  rock,  nfing  up  into  two  points, 
and  every  where  inacceffible.  except  by  a  very  narrow 
pad'age  or  entry,  firtiried  with  a  ftiong  wall  and 
rampart.  Within  this  wall  is  the  guard-houfe,  with 
lodgings  for  the  oliicers:  and  from  hence  a  long 
(light  ol  Hone  llcps  alcends  to  the  upper  part  of  tlie 
callLe,  where  there  are  leveral  b.itleries  mounted  with 
cannon. 

R  EN  frewsh  ire, call  of  Dumbartonthire,  from  which 
it  is  ieparated  by  the  river  Clyde,  is  tolerably  fer- 
tile, and  hath  many  opulent  inhaliitant-.  The  princi- 
pal town  is  Rentiew,  an  inconhderable  place,  which 
yields  greatly  in  point  of  importance  to  the  village  of 
i'ailley. 

Lanerk shire,  to  thcfouth-weftof  Edlnburghfliire, 
is  divided  into  two  dillricls,  vi/,.  the  (hire  ot  Lanerk, 
and  the  barony  of  Ulal'gow.  The  foil  is  diverliticd, 
being  in  fome  places  barren,  and  in  others  fertile.  The 
principal  place  is  the  large,  elegant  and  populous  city 
of  Cjlafgow.  It  flands  on  the  del'cent  of  an  eminence, 
near  the  Clyde,  over  which  it  has  a  handlome  (lone 
bridge  of  (even  arches.  Ihellieets  are  regular  and 
well  paved,  the  houles  lofty  and  built  of  llone,  the 
churches  elegant,  and  the  univcrliiy  a  noble  and  beauti- 
ful foundation.  'I"he  iieople  arc  indiiilrious  and  carry 
on  great  commerce;  and  the  whole  place  has  the  appear- 
ance ot  ojiulence. 

LiNLiiGHuowsHiRE,  a  fm.dl  county  to  the  fouth  of 
Stirlingd.iie,  is  verv  plealant,  .and  tolerably  tertile. 
Linlithgow,  the  chief  town,  is  a  neat  place,  the  feat  of 
a  prelbxterv,  and  a  royal  borough. 

EDiNni'iioHsHiRF,  or  WEsr  Lothian,  to  the  fouth 
of  the  Fortii  ot  Firth,  abounds  in  minerals,  is  extremely 
fertile,  well  cultivated,  and  plealant.  The  Iheritialty 
of  this  fliire  is  in  the  gift  of  rhe  crown,  and  Edinburgh 
is  a  county  o!  itfelf.  The  city,  which  is  the  caintal  of 
Scotland,  was  formerly  the  regal  relidence.  It  con- 
lills  priiuipallv  of  one  llieet,  with  lanes  lunning  from 
It,  the  ground  riling  gradually  from  Holyrood-houle, 
to  the  Canongate-hc^ad,  whish  is  the  luburb  ;  and  from 
thence  to  the  c.Ulle,  which  is  the  highell  part  ot  the 
11    B  c")'. 


f 


n- 


916         A  NEW,  ROYAL  Avn  AUTIir.NTlC  .SY.STKM  o>  UM  VF.RSAL  GEOGRAriTV. 


'< 


-^i: 


l>< 


..I    '  H 


city.  Tlie  principal  llrcct  bctiilc;  tliis  is  call'  il  Cow- 
j;;Uc,  and  i'  on  the  loutli  litl^'  d  iht-  oiIkv;  ami  from 
this  fevcral  lanes  run  tip  the  lull  towanls  the  univcvrny 
.nnii  Heriot's  holpital.  The  liiv  is  above  a  nnle  in 
length,  but  no  where  above  hall  a  mile  in  bieadth. 
The  hollies  are  built  of  Ihme,  lix  or  h  ven  llories  his'h; 
and  near  the  parliament  eloic  they  are  14  llories  hi'jh. 
The  whole  is  wallcil  on  cverv  fulf  but  tiie  noiih, 
where  a  lake  eiicumllribes  it.  TheealUe  i^  remarkably 
llron}^.  The  eoum  il-houle  anil  I'cllinn-houle  are  con- 
Tcnicnt  I'abiiis  for  the  purpoles  tiir  which  they  are  ile- 
figneil.  The  hjiih  church,  whi.h  was  the  laihc.ira!, 
is  now  diviileil  into  tour  churches;  bclidcs  wliith  there 
are  I'cvcn  other  I  hurt  hc<,  and  a  chapel  in  the  calllc. 
The  ])alai  e  calird  Molvrood  lu^ufe  was  formerly  an 
abbev,  and  is  a  handloiiie  convenient  Ibuchnc.  This 
ci;v  is  <f',overned  by  a  lord  jnovoll,  tour  baililT,  and  a 
common  council. 

Lciih,  litualfd  on  the  Forth,  two  miles  iicrth  of 
FJinburgh,  is  not  only  the  port,  Init  may,  with  uil- 
liee,  be  termed  the  warelioule  ot  Edinburgh,  it  is  a 
flourilhing  lundlome  town  intertccleel  by  the  river 
I.eith;  overwhich  there  isa  llonebiidge,  which  cn- 
ncjts  the  two  jxms. 

HAnDiNGioNSHiRK,  to  tlic noitli-eafl  ot  F.d;i,!Miigh- 
Ihire,  is  a  very  tertile,  and  well  cultivated  io'luv. 
The  ihiretown,  liiuated  on  the  river  Tvne, over  whit  h 
It  has  a  flone  bridge  with  three  arches,  is  a  roval 
borough,  l^rge,  well  built,  and  the  Icai  ul  a  prcl- 
bytery.  r.' 

Dunbar,  a  royal  borough,  at  thejnouth  ot  the  Firth, 
is  the  leaf  of  a  prctbytery.  It  it  a  mat  tniull  town, 
luas  a  good  iparkci,  a  iecure  harlioui,  aiitl  a  conlidrr- 
able  trade. 

Berwickshire,  adioining  to  l^ngland,  liiuited  to 
ihe  fouth  call  of  Kdinb\irghlliire,  is  a  rough,  moorilli 
count\',  irregularlv  diverlilied  with  woods  and  vallic-. 
Berwick  town  being  now  anncxeil  to  England,  the 
principal  Scotch  town  oi  thi»  county  is  Dun^,  a'large 
populous  barony  in  the  center  ot  the  ihiic,  being 
the  teat  of  a  prctbytery,  and  having  a  calllc  for  its 
dclenLe. 

AiRESHiRE,  to  the  ea(\  of  the  Firth  of  Clyile,  is  a 
level,  pleat'ant,  and  tolerable  tertile  county.  Aire, 
the  coiiiny  town,  is  an  aneient  royal  borough,  commo- 
dioufly  lituated  for  trade,  and  eoinpol'cd  ot  the  Old  and 
new  Towii^.  wliii-h  are  joined  together  by  a  bridge  of 
tour  arch's. 

TwEEnALEsHiRE,  orPEfi.Es,  fituatcd  to  the  fouth 
ofF'.dinburghlhiri-,  produces  tome  grain,  i-  particularly 
fertile  in  palhirage,  well  watirtd  with  rivers  antl  con- 
tains tcvcral  lakes.  The  only  town  worthr  of  notice  i-- 
I'cbles,  a  linall  plealant  place  on  the  Tweed,  over 
whiih  it  has  a  lloiu  bridge  ot  tive  arches 

RoxcuRCH^iiiR  L,  or  TivioriiAi.E,  tothelbuthof 
Berwickfhire,  n,  though  rather  barren,  a  well  inhabit- 
ed county.  Roxborough,  the  county  town,  was  tor- 
imrly  a  Ifiurilhing  place,  but  is  iu)w  greatlv  reduced, 
bv  reafon  that  its  royalty  was  leniovcil  to  J.dlnjl^h, 
htiiated  at  the  confluence  iit  the  Ti  i\  and  Ted. 

Selkirkshire,  to  the  welt  ot  Kovbnrghlliire,  is  a 
liil'v  country,  but  vielus  gooti  palb.ire,  and  abounds 
in  cattle.  'Iht  whicf  tov\n  i^  Selkiik,  a  royal  borough, 
on  thi.  Llirick,  laniou.-,  ior  its  mamilaciure  ofbooisand 
Ihoes. 

Di  MFRiFSSHiRE,  to  lie  touth-wffl  of  Selkirkfliiif, 
is  a  hilly  co'intv,  but  produces  latih  in  abundance. 
Annan,  a  lu-  .1  b  Tough  and  lea-)H)rt,  was  once  the 
ihief  town,  biit  having  gone  to  decay,  Dumfries  is  at 
preleiit  tobe  loiifidcied  as  luih.  This  town,  which 
iTiay  be  llilal  il,e  capital  of  the  louth-wrll  pan  of 
Scotland,  i  a  lai  ge  If  inlliing  royal  lioroiigh,  hiuat:  d 
ai  th;  mouth  oi  the  Nid,  at  the  ihllaiu  e  oi  64  miles 
fr:iin  {■.dinln'.rgh.  Tlie  h  lute^  are  w;ll  built  and  com- 
modiou'.,  the  lireets  arc  open  and  l"|iaciuus.  The 
town  i".  .adorned  with  an  old  witlle  in  tolerable  repair, 
four  gates,  a  I'lately  chun  h,  an  cxclian;',cfor  the  mer- 
chants, a  tolboJth,  a  lar^^c  iiiuikei-placc  withutuii- 


I  ous  erols  and  ,1  noble  liridge  of  free-ftone  over  the 
liver,  conlilling  of  1  ;  large  arches,  with  agate  in  ili- 
middle,  as  a  boundary  beiweu)  the  lliirc  of  Duintrie;, 
and  llu-  flcwartry  of  (iailowiy.  Dumtrie<  gives  \W 
title  of  earl  to  the  thief  of  the  family  of  Cri,  h- 
ton,  is  the  feat  of  a  pielbytery  and  provincial  fyno  I, 
and  carries  on  a  <  onliderable  Ihari  of  comnuicr. 

Wic!  lowN-iiiRF.,  toihe  louth  of  .•Mivlliiie,  abouniK 
in  cattle,  horles,  Jvc.  The  i  apital  ot  ih  •  thiie  {■-.  Wig- 
town, wlmh  bellows  the  lille  of  earl  upon  the  chief  of 
ihe  Flemings,  it  is  a  roval  borough,  wlure  ;lie  Ihe- 
iitJ'hold.  Ins  court,  and  the  feat  of  a  pielbMerv,  iilu- 
aicd  near  the  mouth  of  a  river,  in  a  bay  of  the  I'.wuc 
name,  1  i  miles  in  breadth,  at  the  dillance  01  Sfi  iiu'.s 
from  Edinburgh,  it  Ins  the  advantige  of  a  tolerable 
harbour  and  is  \vc!l  lituaied  for  trade;  but  diis  i?  eti- 
iiiclv  iv.gL\red,  and  the  toA'n  is  very  poor,  and  ihiiily 
inh.. filed. 

Tho  lengdi  and  breadtii  of  the  counties  of  North 
Britain  may  b.-  known  by  infpccting  the  follow intj 
table. 


C.'iir,:,ci. 

L     .. 

H.k.l 

I              C,  ,.:... 

Ln,,-. 

li  '■' 

Caithnefs 

.i5 

20 

Fifelbirt 

40 

17 

Sutheiland 

Sj 

40 

StirliiH-lhirc 

zo 

12 

Rol's 

80 

7^' 

Dunibarionlliirc 

24 

20 

Inverneis 

60 

.S.T 

Itenlreulliire 

'  ^ 

Nairn 

iO 

14 

l.anerklhii.' 

40 

^4 

Ele'n 

■i4 

JO 

Linleigluiowlliire 

14 

1,; 

Aij    'elli-rc 

yo 

70 

I'.dinburgl.lliii-e 

2; 

1  n 

IVni.lhiie 

7=' 

(10 

illaddingtonlhirc 

20 

1  2 

BamtlMlure 

3- 

13 

jlkrwi.  kill  ire 

24 

if. 

Alierdicnlliiie 

i^ 

3" 

j  A  ire  (hi- e 

64 

,6 

Mearns 

.'O 

jlwc.da'.nilre 

*,1 

tS 

Forfirlhire 

29 

16 

.Roxlniighlliirc 

;o 

15 

Clackiiiainan 

8 

T 

jS.lkitkliur- 

■0 

12 

i 

jDnmlrie  ihire 

.-0 

.H 

1 

iVVij'.rou nihil  ' 

•1- 

? ; 

Sr.CTh')N    VI 1. 
Antiquities,  (jfr.  ef  Great  Britain. 

THE  moll  cclehratul  antiquity  in  fjirat  Britr.in  is 
the  famous  Diu'd  temple,  about  lix  miles  fr'Mn 
Salilburv,  called  Stonehengr,  whi.h  conlills  of  tw.)  eli- 
des and  two  ovais,  rel[K6ti\ily  ci'iicentru'.  1  he 
tlones  th.it  compile  it  arc  really  llii[>eni!ous;  their 
height,  breadth,  and  ihicknels  are  cnoimous;  and  to 
lee  fo  man\  of  them  plarcd  together  in  a  nice  and  cri- 
tical figure  with  e\acbiels:  to  confuler,  as  it  were, 
ni't  a  pillar  ol  one  Hone,  hut  a  whole  wall,  a  tide  and 
end,  ol  a  temple,  of  one  Oone;  to  view  them  curi- 
oully  creates  lech  an  allonilbment  in  ihe  mind  as  woids 
cannot  exprefs. 

N  ar  this  amazing  work  of  antiquity  arc  a  great 
niimli«r  of  elevations,  lomctliing  relembling  ihc  toriii 
of  a  bell,  called  barrows  or  baviows.  Thcle  are  le- 
])ulcliral  tumuli,  wheriin  the  antie.it  iiriton-^  de])'i|ited 
the  aflics  ot  their  dead,  and  railed  n  ir.emory  ol  lol- 
diers  ll.u"  tlurc. 

Monuments  of  the  fame  kind  as  tliat  ol  Suniehcnge 
arc  to  be  mil  wiih  in  many  parts  ot  Engl.ind  as  well 
as  in  Scotland. 

The  Rom  in  antiquities  in  (irent  Britain  conlifi  of  al- 
tar^,moiiuniental  mil  iiptioii  ,  wall', and  military  way^, 
ihe  piiiii  ip:i|  ol  ihc  liiicr  being  one  licit  beftau  at 
Du\er,  .iiid  pallid  ih;..u;di  llie  wliof'  ii'laiid  10  Cardi- 
gan ill  \\  .lie  .  The  chief  Roman  w.dl  IS  that  called 
tfii  w.illoi  tieveiiis,  or  I'liis  w.ill,  wliiili  runs  through 
Ncilhuini  eil.intl  and  Cumberland,  beginnii)<'  at  Titi- 
mouth  and  i-iulnig  .it  Sulway  I'U'h,  Liciiig  about  ^o 
miles  in  leiu'th.  'ihe  Sixun  antiquitiei  i  onlill  of 
(Irong  fiirtnllei,  and  ecthlialliLal  cdilices.  1  !.•.-  i)a- 
niili   4ie  hardly  dikcriuble  troni  the  Sayon;  and   the 

Aii'lo- 


of  frce-flonc  over  ilu' 
clus,  with  a  gate  in  ih- 
II  the  Ihirc  oi DiiinlVii.-;, 
V.  Diimtrii'-;  giw's  iIk' 
tlic  f.iinily  (if  C'ri>li- 
V  and  iMovincial  fyim  I, 
iri  tit  comii\i  Tcr. 
ill  ot  Aii\(liiiv,  ahniinds 
I'lialot  ill.'  ihiie  is  Wia- 

t(arl  iipmi  tin-  clm-t'ut 
lonni^^h,  wiuie  ;lii'  llu-- 
ut  ot  a  prcibv  lerv,  iiiu- 
-T,  ill  a  h.iy  nf  ih,-  hnw 

the  ili(l,iiu-t  oiSS  mil.  s 
avlvant  igc  of  a  tolciablj 
r  trade-,   hut  tliis  is  cn- 

is  very  p  Mir,  and  iliinly 


EUROPF..] 


EUROPLAN    ISLANDS. 


9^7 


till.'  conntii-s  (if  North 
ilpcciiiig  the   tolloAiiuj 


L     .    :.,.. 

L.  -, . 

11.  ■' 

■Ill  IX 

li  mill  ire 

40 

20 

'7 
11 

iiihanoiilliire 

24 

iO 

ilnulliiie 

Kikniiiv 

ik'i^lip.owniirc 

10 

4" 
14 

1 ; 

inlMiri;!. Ihirc 

2  i 

1  n 

ddi.'ijjto'-iirirt 
vvp  'klliir.- 
cllirc 
■(.-.daMliirj 

20 
^4 
'-4 

1  ; 

xliiii|ihli)iic 
kirkllur;' 

'0 

■0 

15 
1 1 

mine  lliire 

.-0 

U 

<\U)\\  nihil  • 

4 

?.; 

S'    Vil. 

Grail  Bntc.iii. 

iqtiity  in  Ciirat  Britr.in  is 
lie,  ahiHit  lix  miics  fr'Mn 

which  conlilU  of  iw.i  cir- 
rti\ily   oi^ncentiii.'.     1  ho 

rtallv  liiiiH.-ndous;  thiir 
•l<  arc  cnoiiiunis;  and  to 
igttfier  Ml  a  niic  and  cri- 

to  (onlidcr,  ;'5  it  were, 

a  whoK'  «.ill,  a  lide-  an  J 
le;  I"  view  tlicni  ciui- 
nent  in  the  mind  as  woids 

ol  antiiiuity  arc  a  great 
ling  releinl'linii  die  torin 
liarr'>ws.  Tlicle  are  le- 
an tie.it  iiriton-i  dep'  'litcd 
railed    n  r.:enu)ry  ol  lol- 

n<l  as  that  ol  Stonelicnge 
parts  ot  Engl.md  as  '.veil 

f  irr.at  Biiiar.i  ennlili  oi  al- 
,  \\M-  ,and  niihtaiy  ways 
■inn,  one  ih.it  liefran  at 
he  whole  ifland  10  Cardi- 
<onian  wall  is  that  called 
wall,  whiih  runs  thnnigli 
rland,  beginnii)";  at  'I'ln- 
)'  1-n'li,  l.ieiiig  alioiit  ;:o 
m  ainiqnitie,  ( (inlill  of 
llkal  ei-hli(i'>.  '11.-  1  h- 
roiu  itie  Saxon;  and  tlie 
An^ly- 


Anglo-Norman  leiiiaiiis  exhibit    ni.bic   I'pecimens  of 
Ciothic  aiehite>.Une. 

SECTION  Vlll. 

CaNcisF,  V11.W  "/  the  llisr  )RY  of  CiRHAT  Britain. 

THIS  iflmd  w^  originally  named  Alliioii,  from  its 
white  elill  ;  afterward-.  Britai:i  tr.ini  its  painted 
inh.ibitant'..  The  loutli.rn  prats  received  the  name 
ol  K;v.;land  tiom  t'le  A^ifjo-Saxon^i  and  the  whole, 
alitr  the  iinioa  witii  Scotland,  was  lerineil  (ireat 
Britain. 

I'll.'  anti.  nt  i'lriioii;  wore  known  to  the  Phirnieians  ' 
and  (lull  ,  wlo  traded  witli  tlicni,  till  ti.e  fertility  of  '. 
the  coiinir^. ,  ami    richntls  of  the  mines,    in.''ic^d  the  ' 
Romans  to  invade  the  id.md  under  juhu-  (,  .elar.  The 
Ronlan^  hiiving  eoiuiuereil  it  leiaiiieel  the  greaiill  pait  , 
iiiidi  r  !evei,-,i  fuccellive  emperor'-;   biit  tiie  eir.pire  it- 
lell  at  Iciii^th  l)es.',inainij;  to  decline,  the  Roman  forces  . 
Were  ilrawn  irom  Briton  to  defend  iialv  from  the  in-  ' 
mrlions  of  the  noulurn  harhariaii'^.     The  Britons,  iiii- 
protcrted  by  the  Romans,  lieine,  ineapai.L' if  defend-  > 
iiig  themfelves  tiom  the  Scots  and  I'lct  ,  tailed  in  the 
Saxons  ti   tlieir  anidaiicc.     Tliel'e  lliaiv',ers,   having  ' 
deteated  the   Iocs  of   the   Bri'ons,  became   themfelves  i 
their  gieatefl  enemies,  drove  them  up  into  ih,.'  moiin-  ! 
tains  ot  Wales,  pollellal  ihemlelves  of  the  molf  fertile  ' 
p.irts  ot  the  ( ountrx,  and  divided   it  into  leven  king-  | 
doms.  called,  the  \  le|)iari  hy.     Englaiul  was  atterwards  i 
invaded  and  coni|ueied  liy  the  Danes,  who  kept  it  a  few  j 
years,  when  it  returned  again  beneath  the  Saxon  go- 
vcinment,  and  fo  remained  till  it  was  invaded  and  con- 
ijuered  bv  William,   duke  of  Normandy,  wl'.o  after- 
v.ards  leignul  b\  ihe  title  ot 

Willi, im  I.  commonly  callal  the  Con(|ucror.  This 
luccelsful  prince  was  a  (.lefccnd.int  of  Canute  the  Dane, 
born  1027;  paid  a  vilit  to  E.Kvard  the  Confetfor,  in 
England,  1051;  betrothed  his  daughter  to  Harold  II. 
105S;  maiie  a  claim  of  the  crown  of  England,  1006; 
invaded  England,  landing  at  Peeenfey,  inSuli'ex,  the 
(aine  year;  defeated  the  Englilh  troops  at  Mailings,  on 
Odobcr  14,  io06,  when  Harolil  was  flam,  and  Wil- 
liam afl'iimtd  the  title  ol  Conqiieioi.  1  le  wis  crowned 
at  Wellminller,  December  29,  106(1;  iinaded  Scot- 
land. 1072;  lubverted  the  Englilh  conlliiuiion,  1074; 
rcfuled  to  iWear  fealty  to  the  Pope  for  the  crov. n  of 
England;  wounded  by  his  fon,  Robert,  at  (ierbcrot, 
111  Normandv,  lo-g;  invaded  France,  10S6;  loon 
alter  fell  tiom  his  liorfe,  and  contraiicd  a  rupture; 
died. 11  Hermeiurude,  nearRouen,ni  Normandy,  1087; 
was  buried  at  Caen,  and  luce  ceded  in  Normandy  by 
his  eldelf  Ion,  Robert,  .ind  in  England,  iiy  his  fe- 
coiid  Ion 

William  II.  born  in  1057;  crowned  at  Wcftmin- 
Her,  Se[itembcr  27,  1087;  invaded  Normandy  with 
fuccelV,  10901  killed  by  accident,  as  he  was  hunting 
in  the  New  Forell,  by  Sir  W.alter  Tyrrel,  Augull  1  too, 

I  1  ■       1       .    »  1  r-  1/1  I    i'      _  _  I       I    1.  . 


MaiiJe,  d.air'Jilcr  of  Menry  I.  born  iioi;  married 
to  Henry  IV.  emperor  of  Germany,  1109;  had  the 
Englilh  nobility  fwe.ar  lialty  •  her,  1126;  buried  her 
hiilband  1127;  married  J.Hcry  I'latiiagcnet,  earl  of 
Amou,  ii;o;  let  alide  (i-Mm  the  Englilh  furcelfion, 
by  Stephen,  1155;  landed  in  England,  and  i  fumed 
her  righl  to  the  crown,  September,  1131);  cro'.viied, 
but  loon  after  defeated  at  Wincheller,  11 41;  cliap d 
to  filoikeller  on  a  bier;  IKd  Irom  a  window  olOv- 
toiil-cilUc,  fiyarope,  in  the  winter  of  1142;  retired 
to  France  n^j;  returned  to  England,  and  ccnchided 
a  pence  with  Stephen,  1153;  •""■1  ^li''*-!  •tbroad,  Sep- 


tember 10, 


[.67 


"^ ;  " ; '  ■  -  -o 

,  buiied  at  Wincheller,  and  lucceedid 


aged  43  ;  \vas 
his  brother 

Henry  1.  furnamed  Beauilerc,  born  in"  io6,S; 
cro'.vned,  Augull  5,  iioo;  manied  M.uilda,  daughter 
"f  Maliolm,  king  of  Scots,  Novemiier  11  lollowing; 
made  peace  \s:th  liis  brother,  Robert,  iioi;  invaded 
Normandy,  11051  attacked  by  Robert,  whom  he  de- 
feated, and  took  prifoner,  1  107,  and  lent  to  F.ngland; 
NIaude  to  the  em|)cior  of  Ger- 
Le  A  is  of  I'lance,   1 1 1 


I)  trothcd  his  daii;j,liter 
many,  iio(;;  i  h.illengcd  by  I-^cais  _. 
his  eldell  \o\\,  and  iwo  others  ot  his  ihiKlien,  Ihip- 
wiccked  and  loll,  with  180  of  his  nobility,  in  coming 
Irom  Normandy,  1120;  in  (piic!  polLilion  of  N'oi- 
luandy,  Ii2cn  furfeited  himfell  with  eating  lampreys 
at  Lyons,  near  Rnun,  in  Normandy,  and  died  De- 
cemb'er  1,  ii;5,  aged  oS.  lbs  ludy  was  brought 
over  to  England,  and  buried  at  Reading.  Ho\»as 
fucceeded  by  his  nephew,  Stephen,  third  Ion  ot  his 
tiller  Adel.i,  by  the  carl  of  Blois.  He  was  greatly  in- 
leirupleu  in  the  principal  part  ot  hi--  icij;,n  by 


Stephen  was  born  1 105;  crowned  Decemlier  2,  1 1  ^ ;; 
taken  piiton.ral  Lincoln,  by  tiie  carl  of  Glouccller, 
Muidc's  half  brother,  February,  1141,  and  put  in 
irons  at  Bnllol,  but  releafed  in  exchan;ie  for  the  earl  of 
(jloiiceiler,  taken  at  Wincheller;  made  peace  widi 
Flenry,  Maude's  Ion,  1 133;  died  of  tlio  piles,  October 
23,  1 154,  aged  30;  was  buiicd  at  F'  filhatn,  and 
lucceeded  by  Flenry,  Ion  ol  Muide.  Matilda,  Ste- 
phen's (lueeii,  was  frowned  on  Eailer-day,  ii^i; 
diedM,y3,  1151,  at  IF  nningham-caflle,  Elfex,  and 
was  buiied  in  a  monallery  at  I  V  vulliaiii. 

Henry  II.  lurnameil  I'i.Uitagenet,  grantilon  of  Heniy 
1.  born  in  1133,  b.gmhi  ri  i;i;n  m  1134;  arrived  in 
iMipJand  December  o,  and  was,  -.vitli  hi-  queen,  F.le-   • 

■  anor,  crovMied  at  Lond"i:,  the  19th  of  the  fame  month  ; 
crowned  at  Lincoln,  11511;  again  at  Woreelter,   ii;o; 

:  quelled    the  rebellion   at    \lainc,   iiO'i;   hail  hi-    1   11 

;  Henry  crowned  king  of  f^agland,  11,0;  invaded  Ire- 

lanii,  and  coiupKred  it,   117';  inipril'ined  hi.  queen 

■  on  account    ol    Rolamond,  his  loneubine,  T17;;  did 
:  penance   at    Beckei's  iijmb,  Julv  S,    1174;  took  the 

king  ot  Scotl.md  prilimer,  and  obliged  him  ro  give  up 
the  independency  of  his  crown,  1173;  n:i.med  his  ton 
John,  king  oi  Ireland,  ii7('i  had,  the  lan.e  \ear,  a:i 
amour,  with  Alice,  of  France,  the  intended  pnni.ef- ol 
his  Ion  Richard,  1181;  loll  his  ekiell  Ion,  Flenrv,  June 
It,  11X3;  his  fon  Richard  rebelled,  ii.Sj;  had  his 
Ion  jetl'erv  trodden  under  loot,  and  killed,  at  a  tourna- 
ment at  Paris,  1186;  made  a  convention  with  Philip, 
ol  France,  to  go  to  the  h^ly  war,  luSS;  died  with 
grief  :it  the  altar,  culling  his  Ions,  julv  '1,  ii8(),  aged 
01  ;  was  buried  at  foiueveraiid,  in  F'rance,  and  liic- 
icetled  by  his  Ion  Richard.  Eleanor,  queen  to  king 
!  Henry  II.  died,  1204. 

1  Rkliard  1.  lurnamed  Ccciir  de  Lion,  was  born  ai 
I  Oxiord,  1157;  I'l'owiic.l  at  London,  Septembi*i  3, 
:  11S9;  let  out  on  the  irufade,  and  ioinetl  Philip  of 
,  Fiance  on  the  plains  of  Ve/.el.iv,  June  29,  ikio;  took 
;  Mofllna  the  latter  e  id  of  the  year;  married  Berengcra, 
1  daughti  r  of  the  king  of  Navane,  Ma\-  li,  1  191  ;  de- 
feated the  Cvpriaiis,  1  191  ;  taken  priloner  ntar  Vienna, 
;  on  his  return  home,  bv  the  duke  ot  Aullria,  l)ecem- 
I  ber  20,  1 192  ;  ranfomed  lor  40,0001.  and  let  at  liberty 
I  I  103;  returned  to  England  March  20  following  f 
wounded  with  an  arrow  at  Ciialuz,  near  Limoge?,  in 

■  Normandy,  and  diecl,    Apiil6,    ii()9;  w:is  buried  at 
Fonuvcrand,  and  fuecee(.le'l  by  his  brothe.- 

John,  tlic  youngell  Ion  of  Henry  II.  born  at  Oxford, 

December   24,  11(16;  wa- crovcned,   Mav   27,  iioo; 

divorced  his  wife  Avila,  and  married  llabeila,  daughter 
.  of  the  Count  ol  An;>oleline  ;  went  to  Paris,  1200  ;  be- 
j  fieged  the  callL^  ot  Mir.ibel,  .ind  look  his  nephew,  Ar- 
'  thur,  priloiur,  Au;;ult  1,  1202,  whom  he  murdered  1 
I  the  lame  year  he  was  exix-lled  the  F'lench  provinces, 
*  and   re-crouncd  in  I'aigland  ;    iiiipiilone.d    liis  qce.  n, 

and  banilhed   all  the  clergy   in  his  di'minions,    1    oS  ; 

uas  excommunicatnl,  i.'.oj;  land,  d  in  In  land,  Jiiiie 
'  iS,  1210;  I'uiiendeied   his  cro^vii  10  P.uidoll  ih    I'oot'.s 

legate,   M.^.y   25,  1213;    alfolved,  July  20  loll uing  ; 

obhged,  by  his  barons,  to  eonlirm  M.igna  Cliaiia,  1215; 

loll  his  tiealure  anil  luggage  in  palling  the  mailhes 
;  of  Lynn,  121(1;  died  at  Newark,  Oeiobcr  iS,  1216; 
I  w.is  buried  at  \Voi\eller,  and  fucceeded  by  hi-  Ion 
i  1  leiiry  111.  born  October  1,  1207  ;  crowned  ai  Giou. 
I  ccller,  daobci  28,  1216  ;  received  homage  frcm  Alex. 
'  ander. 


9-1 


A  NIAV,  ROYAL  and  Al'TIIF-NTIC  SYSTF.M  or  VNIVF.RSAL  riror.RAI'HY. 


J  Mil 


anilcr,  cf  Scotl.nci,  ai  Northampton,  1218-,  iiowir<1 
ap,ain  at  Welhniiiiur,  attii  Cliiillmas,  1219)  manicil 
Klcanor,  daughter  <>t  lUc  Count  ot  Provciui-,  |  nu.iry 
14,  i2;(i;  pliilsiiil  lii^  iTowiiaml  icwd-.  lor  inoiii.\, 
ulun  lie  ni;iiiit\'.  la^  il.Uic;htcr  Maigarit  to  iln.-  kingil 
Scots,  1242;  o'hli^nl,  l^v  his  nobles  to  rtlign  the 
power  ot  a  luvi-rcgn,  :uul  Itll  Nonri:intly  ami  Anjou  to 
the  French,  125S;  lliiit  hinilelf  up  in  the  Ti)wcr  of 
Lomlon  lor  tear  ot  hi'' nobles  1161;  taken  prilbncr  at 
Lcwi."',  Mav  14,  iz^>4;  woinuiul  at  the  batiK-  of 
ICvdliani,  126-,-,  dieil  at  St.  l'',>.lnuiniin)ury,  in  Siillblk, 
November  16,  1272;  and  wa.-'  lueceedtil  by  ]u^  Ion 
IMw.uii. 

MIeanor,  I  Uniy  Hi's  ijucen,  died  m  a  iiumalU'ry  at 
Ambcrlbury,  tthei.-  ih.  h..d  lelirtd,  about  ii')2. 

Edward  1.  born  Jane  16,  1234:  matried  klcanor, 
prineel^  ot  Callile,  ii;;i  Ruccded  to  tiie  crown,  jl 
N<«vcmb(.i  tb,  1:72;  wounded  in  .1  he  Holy  Lantl  '.\ 
With  a  poifoned  d.u;<j;i:-,  rceovcrtd,  ;u;d  laniied  in  ij 
England,  July  i;,  1274;  crowned  at  Wellniiiiller, 
Augull  19  foil  >«inp,\vith  hii  qoon;  went  to  Irance, 
and  ilid  homagi  to  the  l-reneh  king,  1279;  reduced 
the  Welch  princes,  12821  Hlean.ir,  his  ijuien,  died 
ot  a  fever,  0:1  her  journey  to  Scotland,  at  I  lorneby, 
in  I^meolnfliire,  1296,  and  was  conveyed  to  Wellniin- 
fter  (when  elegant  llone  crofll--  were  erected  at  each 
place  wheie  the  coijile  rctlcil');  married  Mari:aiet, 
filler  to  the  kinu,  of  t'ranec,  Sejitenilier  12,  i.'99; 
conquered  ScoiLuul,  iigq,  and  brought  to  England 
tluir  coronation  chair,  Sti.  died  ot  a  flux  at  Bureh 
upon  the  Sand-,  in  CunUicrland,  July  7,  1^07;  was 
buried  at  Wellininiler;  and,  on  May  2  >774,  Ionic 
.■mtiiiuarians,  by  content  of  the  chapter,  examined 
his  tomb,  when  they  tound  his  corjile  unionlumed, 
though  burled  466  years.  Me  was  luccei.ded  by  iiis 
41I1  ion, 

Edward  II.  born  at  Caernarvon,  in  Wales,  April 
d/;,  1284.  He  wa='  the  tirll  king  of  England'-  eldell 
ton  that  had  the  title  of  i'rince  of  Wiles,  which  he 
received  in  i  ;oo.  He  alccnded  the  throne  Juh-  7, 
1^07;  married  (label,  daughter  of  the  I'Veiicii  king, 
i;c8;  obliii'.d,  by  the  baroii'-,  to  invcll  the  govern- 
ment of  the  kingdim  in  21  pcrlons,  Man.li  16,  ijio; 
went  on  a  pilgrimage  to  Boulogne,  Ueccmber  1;,  131;; 
dcelarcd  his  queen  and  all  her  adher.  nts  enemies  to 
the  kingdom,  1325;  deihroned,  January  1;,  1^27; 
vva-  f'lcceeded  by  iiiseklelt  Ion,  Edward  III.  and  mur- 
•lered  at  Berkcly-catUe,  September  2 1  following.  He 
wa-'  buried  at  Ciloutclier. 

Ed.vard  111.  wa^  b  )rn  at  Windfor,  Novemlxr  15, 
1312;  luccecdeil  to  the  crown,  Juuiary  10,  i;27; 
(fowncdat  WellmintUr,  leliruai  V  i  tollowing:  married 
Philippa,  daughter  of  the  earl  ot  llainault,  January  24, 
1327;  claimed  the  crown  mI  li.mcc,  i;.'9;  confinecl 
hi)  inothir  llabcl  and  cauled  her  ti.vourue  Mortimer  to 
be  hanged,  November  2y,  1330;  defeated  the  Scots  at 
H.iliilown,  1333;  invatled  I'rance,  and  pawned  his 
crown  and  jewels  for  50,000  llorins,  134c;  quartered 
the  arms  of  England  and  I'lance,  1341;  made  thetirll 
dilunc^tion  between  lords  and  commons,  1342  ;  defeatul 
the  I'lench  ai  Creliy,  when  30,000  were  llain,  ammg 
whom  v\. IS  the  king  of  Bohemia,  134^1.  The  (jucen 
teiok  the  king  of  Stoll.ind  priloner,  and  20,000  Siots 
(lain,  the  fame  yeai.  Calab  befieged  and  taken,  Au- 
gull 16,  1347;  aiid  St.  Stephen's  chapel,  now  the 
hviule  of  Commons  built,  1347.  The  order  of  the 
(iarier  iialituieJ,  1349  ;  the  Fiench  defeated  at  I'oiiii- 
crs;  their  king  and  prince  taken  and  the  king  of  Na- 
varre imiHili  ned,  1356;  the  king  ol  Sciilaiul  laiuomed 
for  ioo,oool.  13' ■;  in  wlueh  year  Ivlwaid  loll  his 
eidefl.  ton,  Edward  the  Black  I'rince,  of  a  lonfump- 
tion.  The  king  ot  fraiice  ranfonvd  tor  307,00^!. 
1359.  I'our  king,e;iiertainedat  the  IorI  mayor's  feall, 
vi/,  England,  I'rance,  Siotland,  and  Cyprus  1364. 
Philippa,  his  queen,  died  at  Wmdlor,  /^jgufl  16, 
13^9,  and  vvas  buried  .at  Wellmmllei.  Fdvvaid  dicil 
at  Richmond,  Jirie  :>i,  1377,  and  wa  f'lc. ceded  b) 
lii^  'jraiidlon,  Ri  I  aid  1.  Ion  to 


Edwaid  the  Black  I'rince.  who  was  born  Jiiao  15, 
1530;  tieated  duke  of  Cornwall,  1337;  the  lirll  m 
Englind  that  borctlie  titleut  cluke;  created  piinceol 
Wales,  1344;  brought  the  kingot  Trance  iiritonei  to 
Englaiul,  troin  the  battle  of  I'ok'tiers,  Seplimbir  li), 
1350J  went  to  Callile,  I3(i7i  died  of  .1  conlumption, 
June  S,  137'^',  and  was  buried  at  Canleil'Uiy. 

John  ot  Ciaunt,  duke  of  Eaniallcr,  fi'iirth  Ion  of 
Edward  111.  w.is  born  1340;  married  Blanch,  dauL-hter 
of  ihe  duke  ot  Lancaller,  i3i;9;  by  whom  he  became 
pollelled  ol  that  dukedom  and  title :  Ihe  died  i;(hi; 
and,  in  137',  he  m  lined  the  d  uigliter  ol  the  king  of 
Call  lie  and  Leon,  and  took  that  title,  in  1  V)"  he- 
married  a  thinl  wile,  Catharine  Swinlord,  from  whom 
deliended  I  lenry  \II.  He  died  i3c.t);  was  buried  in 
St.  I'aul's,  London;  ami  was  t'ucceedtd  by  his  Ion 

Richard  II.  t)orn  at  Bourdeaux,  January  6,  13^17: 
h.ad  two  royal  godfathers,  the  kings  of  Navarre  ami 
Majorca;  made  guardian  of  the  kingdom,  Augull  ;o, 
1372;  created  p.iiice  of  Wales,  137(1;  lucceeded  his 
grandtatl.cr,  Edward  III  June  21,  1377,  when  not 
feveii  years  old.  The  rebellion  ot  Wat  Tyler  and  Jack 
Straw,  137S.  Man ied  Anne,  filler  to  the  emperor  of 
(jernianv,  and  king  ot  Bohemia,  January  13.S2,  who 
died  without  illue,  at  Sliene,  and  was  burieii  in  Well- 
minftcr-abbey,  Au:;ull3,i395.  Married  IlaiTlla, daugh- 
ter to  the  king  of  I'laiice,  1396.  He  was  taken  priloiur 
by  Henry,  duke  of  Lancaller,  his  coulin,  and  lent  to 
the  Tower,  Septem;  er  i,  1399,  religned  his  1.  rown, 
Sejiteinber  21;  loUowaig;  and  was  lucceeded  by  Henry 
IV.  Richard  was  muidered  in  Pomlret-callle,  Janu- 
ary 14CO,  and  buried  at  Lanr.ley,  but  removed  to 
Wellminller. 

Thomas  duke  of  Gloucefler,  uncle  to  Rich.ard  II. 
w.is  fmotlieied,  I'ebruary  2,S,   1397. 

Henry  IV.  duke  of  Lancaller,  grandlon  of  Ed- 
ward III.  wai  born  13(^7;  niariied  Mary  thr  daughter 
of  the  eail  of  Hcieford,  who  died  I3g4,  betore  he  ob- 
tained the  crown;  fought  with  the  duke  ol  Norfolk, 
1307,  and  banilhed;  returned  to  England  in  arms 
againit  Richard  II.  who  religned  his  crown;  and  Henry 
was  crowned  0:iobcr  1 3,  131)0,  wiicn  he  inlhtuteil 
the  order  of  the  Bath,  and  trcatrd  -47  knijrjits;  con- 
fpired  againll,  January,  1400;  defeatetl  by  the  Welch, 
14c  2;  married  a  lecond  queen,  Joan  of  Navarre,  wi- 
dow ot  the  duke  of  Bretagm,  140;  ;  who  was  crowned 
with  great  magi  ilicence  i  •  26th  of  January  follow- 
ing, and  died  in  1437.  '"  '403  began  the  rt-bellioii 
ot  the  I'eieic-,  and  lupprell'ed  July  tollow'iig.  He 
died  of  an  apoplexy,  in  Wellminller,  March  20,  1413  ; 
was  buried  at  Canterbury,  and  liuceeded  by  hi-  Urn 

Henry  V,  who  was  horn  in  13SH,  and,  wlun  prince 
of  W'ale-,  was  committed  to  prilon  tor  atlinnting  nne 
of  the  ludges,  1412  ;  ciowneil  at  WellminlUr  April  9, 
1413;  claimed  the  cr^wn  of  Eiance,  1414-,  gained 
the  victory  of  Agincourt,  Oe'loier  24,  1413;  pleilged 
his  regalia  for  20,cool.  to  piilh  his  conquells,  141O. 
The  eiiqieror  Sigilmund  paid  a  vilit  to  Henry,  and  was 
inlhilled  knight  ot  the  Garter,  1416.  i-Ieiiry  invaded 
Nwrmandy  wiili  an  army  of  i^sfiod  m.  n,  1417;  de- 
clnreit  regent,  am'  married  Catherine  I'f  I^Mice,  June 
3,  1420;  who  was  e  rowiied  at  WellminlUr  the  i  e- 
bruary  lollowing  ;  oui-liveil  Henry;  and  wa^  married 
.afterwards  to  Owen  Tuder,  grandlaiher  to  Hcniy  VII. 
Henry  died  of  apkurily,  at  Rouen,  Augiii  31,  1422, 
aged  34,  was  buried  at  Wellminller,  and  loeeeeded  i)y 

Henry  VI.  who  was  born  at  \\  imilor,  December  0, 
14211  akended  the  throne,  Augull  31,  1422;  jno- 
claimeil  king  i.f  Trani  e  ihe  limie  ye.1i  ;  uowned  al 
Wellminiter,  November  6,  14:9;  crowned  al  P.iris 
neiemberi7,  1430;  married  to  Marg.uet,  daughter 
ol  the  duke  of  Anion,  April  1  2,  1445.  Jack  Cade's 
infurrection,  1440.  I  lenry  taken  priioiier  at  St.  Al- 
ban'-,  1455;  Init  regained  his  liberty,  i.].;)!  ;  and  de- 
poled,  M.iieh  5  lolluwing,  by  his  feiiiitli  coulin,  Ed- 
ward IV.  lid  into  Scotland,  and  taken  [  iiloiiei  in 
Lancaihiie,  i4'>3i  rillored  to  his  tl.rone,  1470;  lakiii 
priloner  ai;:i;n   by   lij.vaid,  .Apii.  11,   1471-     <^.een 

Ma'^aict 


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m 


|»r,uArnv. 

I)  wa'-  horn  Jniio  1^5, 
bll.    i.?,;7;  I'li;   lird  m 
like;  trc.itul  pMiKf  of 
};<)(  rVancf  iirilnnri  u\ 
iLtiiTs,  Stptiiiihir  ii), 
Vlitil  (it. I  coriruniption, 
t  C.inltil'Uiy, 
|iin:illcr,  fourth  ("on  of 
'arriicl  liliincli,  claii;j,luir 
hy  wliom  he  lucanii: 
|l  titl.-:   (Ik-  iliul   i^'iii; 
.l.iuglitLr  ol  (lie  kiiijT  <if 
lilt    title.      Ill    I  ;.)h   ho 
Swinlorcl,  horn  uhoni 
:d  i^i.p;  was  hciricci  in 
uciceikil  hy  liision 
ux,  JaniKiry  (\   13^,;; 
■  k.inji''  ol  NavaiTL'  ami 
kingdom,  Aiigiill  ^o, 
,   13;(>;  luci.eeiial  his 
f  11,  i;,77,   uhen  not 
ot  W'ai  Tyler  and  jack 
filter  to  the  emperor  of 
iLi,  .lanu.irv  1  jS^,  who 
ii'l  u.is  i'uiied  111  Well- 
M.i:  I  leil  llahclia,(iaut^h- 
).  I  h-  was  taken  priloiur 
,   hib  eouliii,  and  lent  to 
^0,   relij^ned  hr.  irown, 
vas  liictceded  iiy  Hciirv 
n  Fomt'ret-calUe,  Janu- 
iglcy,   but   removed   to 

cr,  uncle  to  Richard  II. 

iller,  prandlon  of  F,d- 
rried  Mary  the  daughter 
lied  i;q4,  before  lie  ob- 
th  the  duke  of  Norfolk, 
ed  to  l-'nij|aiKi  in  arms 
ed  liHerown;  anvl  Henry 
I/O,  wiien  he  inlfltuteil 
reatrd  47  k:u;;iit^;  ton- 
;  defeated  by  the  Welch, 
n,  Joan  of  Navarre,  wi- 
140  ^  ;  who  was  crowned 
2f)th  of  jaiuiary  tollow- 
40;  began  the  rebtllioii 
d  July  lollow'ng.  Me 
mllcr,  Mari.li  20,  141 5 ; 
1  liiiceeded  by  hi^  Ion 
I  ;SH,  and,  \\h:n  prince 
prilon  ft))-  allronting  one 
at  WclhiiinlUr  April  9, 

liance,  1414-,  gained 
oiei  24,  141  ;;  pledged 
111  his  C'MUjuclU,  141  (). 
a  viiit  to  Heiiiy,  and  was 

1416.  ileniy  invaded 
2^,fjoo  men,  141  7;  de- 
tliennc  of  {•Vance,  June 
It  WellniinlUr  the"  l-'e- 
lenry ;  and  was  married 
andlathcr  to  1  Kniy  \'ll. 
oiien,  Aiigi'it  ;i,  1422, 
linlltr,  and  luLieeded  by 
W  indl'or,  IJcceniber '), 
Aii;.;iirt  ;i,  14^2  ;  pro. 
lame  yell  ;  i  towned  al 
4  19;  crowned  at  Fari^, 
1  to  Margaret,  daughter 
2,  1445.  Jaek  Cade's 
iken  priioiicr  at  St.  Al- 
.  liberty,  14')!  ;  and  de- 
■  Ins  ti.riiitli  coulin,  l-'.d- 
aij(l  takiii  J  iiloiicr  in 
his  tlirone,  1470  ;  taken 
pill  It,  147  I.  (i^ieen 
Ma'gaict 


Ei'Rori:.] 


EPROPKAN    ISLANDS. 


M.itf^aict  and  her  Ion  taken  prifonets  at  Tewkfhiiry, 
hy  I'.dward,  May  4.  The  prince  w,\v  killed  in  cold 
blond,  M.v>-  21  ;  and  1  Lnry  muid.red  in  the  J'ower, 
Jiini-  20  toUiwiiij';,  and  buried  at  Clieriley,  a'^jd  49. 

Hiimpluey,  duke  of  Ciliiu^erti-r,  fourth  Ion  of 
Henry  1\',  was  thangled  hy  onler  of  liis  nephew, 
Henry  VI.  .ukI  buried  at  St.  AhiaiiV,  1147. 

Ivlward  IV.  was  l)(iin  .it  Roue!i,  April  2-;,  144-;  ; 
tlelcended  iVo!!!  the  thiol  Ion  of  F.dw.ird  III.  elected 
kini;,  Mar;  Ii  5,  14''!  ;  and,  belore  his  coronation,  was 
oMii^ed  t'l  take  tlieli.ld,  and  light  llieli.utle  of  Tow - 
ton,  wh -n  ;?c,7.Si  fell,  and  not  one  prilljiKr  taken  but 
tic  earl  i)t  I),  vonliiiiv,  M.'.rch  i  y,  was  erowned  at 
WellminHcr,  jtnv  28,  14'!  1  ;  fee  imhlicly  with  the 
iudgesin  \Stltininlter-iiall,  1464;  inanietjlady  I'.li/.a- 
beili  Ci'ivy,  widow  of  .Sir  |o!'.n  (ire^ ,  ol  Groby,  M.iy  t, 
1464,  uho  was  crowned  the  26tli  lollowing.  Edward 
was  taken  prlfoncr  by  the  Iviil  ol  Warwick,  in  Yoik- 
lliir;-,  fr  '111  whence  he  was  hrouoiit  to  London,  wiih 
hisKps  tied  under  the  liirfeN  belly,  1467;  eliapcil, 
.nnd  w.is  expelled  the  kingilom,  1470;  returned,  March 
:' ;,  1471,  and  nlloreil,  and  caulcd  his  brother,  the 
duke  ot  CI  ireiu  1',  who  had  j  ined  the  i  arl  o:  Warw  ick, 
to  lie  drowned  in  a  butt  of  Malinf.y  wine,  147!!;  died 
v\  an  a;:uc  at  Well minllcr,  April  v.  '4''i.?i  anil  was  bu- 
r:.d  at  Windfir.     I  le  was  liuecedei'  bv  his  infant  Ion, 

I'.dward  \'.  who  w:i-  biirn  Nov.niber  4,  1470;  con- 
veyed to  the  To^vei,  May  I4H,;-,  i.lepuled,  June  20  fol- 
iowinu,  and,  with  the  duke  of  York,  his  brother,  fnio- 
ttietcil  loon  alter  hy  their  uncle,  who  luceeciled  him. 

Rithard  III.  duke  of Glouceller,  broiherto  1'"  Iward 
1\'.  was  born  145;  j  took  prince  Edward,  Ion  (if  Hen- 
ry \'l.  prifiiicr  at  Tewklbiiry,  and  lielpcd  to  iiuirder 
him  in  cold  blood,  (whofe  widow  lie  afterwards  mar- 
tiid,)  1471  ;  drowned  the  duke  ol  Claien.e,  his  bro- 
ther, in  a  butt  of  .M.ilmfey  wine,  1478;  made  pio- 
tcilor  o!  l'".n;;land,  May  27,  14'!;?;  cle:ted  king,  June 
20,  and  crowned  July  6  following;  ditto  at  York, 
September  8  ;  flain  in  battle,  at  RoU\orlh,  Augull  22, 
148;, aged  ;2;wa-.  buried  at  Leiceller,  andfuc.eedwd  by 

Heiiiy  \'ll.  who  w,4'  horn  145;  j  k'.nded  at  .NMionl- 
laven,  14.S;  ;  defeaied  RiJiard  ill.  in  Hofuoith-lijlJ, 

I  .  1  1  I      I      ■  (.  1    /    »   .  .         T  ..      .  _  M 


liavc...  .^.  ,,  -., 

anti  wa'el.iied  kin;;  14,'; ,;  crowne.lOciob  r  ^v,  148; ; 
niariied  I'lJi/..il)etli,  d.iugliter  ol  Ivlwaid  IV.  January 
iS,  14.S0,  who  was  crowned  ih:  Novemlier  fullowin.'-. 
ilefeaied    Lamlurt  Simnel,    the 


Anne 


ed  tiUL-en  Catherine, 


..,. „ -.,    im]iollor,  June    i(), 

•  4X7  ;  reieived  of  the  French  king,  as  a  coiiijiromife 
for  his  'Jaim  on  that  cmwii,  |S<),25^1.  bcfide  l:„o:.o 
crown' yearly,  1492.  I'riiue  .Arilnir,  his  eldell  fon, 
died  .'\|-ril  2,  1  ;g2.  fj^iceii  Lli/abcth  ditd  in  diikl- 
bed,  Icl'ruary  11  lollowiii,',,  and  wa.  huri'-d  at  Wcll- 
niinf^T.  Me  ni.uiied  his  dau;  liter,  Margaret,  to 
James  IV.  of  Scotland,  1.104;  died  ot  .1  conlunijuion, 
at  Richmond,  A[>ril  22,  i_ioi;,  aged  ;i  •,  w.is  buried 
at  WellminHcr,  and  fiucecded  by  his  (on 

Hcniy  VIII.  who  was  born  June  28,  1491;  married 
Catlieiine,  Inlantaof  S|)ain,  witlow  ol  luslaother  Ar- 
thur, J.ine  J,  15C9  ;  crowned  Ju:ie  2.1.  loll  owing;  le- 
(cived  the  title  ot  Uctender  of  the  L:utli,  1521;  lliled 
head  of  theeliuich,  15;!  ;  elivor.cd  tjUL-e 
and  married  Anne  Bullen,  May  2;,  15;.;; 
crowned  June  t,  i!;3;.  Me  was  excommunicatvd 
by  pope  r.iul,  yXugull  30,  i';;5.  Catherine,  his  firll 
cpieen,  died  at  Kimbolion,  Januaiy  8,  1  ;;(),aged  50. 
He  put  Anne,  his  fecoiid  (.[ueen,  to  death,  and  married 
Jane  S.ymour,  M.iy  20,  i5;6,  who  died  in  cliild- 
iied,  O.iohcr  12,  i;?7.  He  diliolved  the  religious 
fonnd.itions  m  England,  I5.;9;  marrieil  Anne  ol 
Cleves  January  6,  1^43;  divorced  her,  Julv  10, 
I5.^o  ;  married  Catherine  Howard,  his  tilth  wile,  A;i- 
giill  8  following,  and  I'cheaded  her  on  Tow.r-hill, 
with  lady  Roehford,  I'ebiuary  12,  15421  married 
Catherine  Par,  his  lixili  wife,  July  12,  154;.  He 
died  ol  a  fever  and  an  ulcerated  leg.  at  Wellminfter, 
January  28,  1547;  w.is  buried  at  Wiiidfor,  and  wa'. 
(uceeeded  by  his  only  (on, 

Edwaril  VI.    who   was  born  Oi'tober    12,    i5.;7  i 
crowned,  Sunday,  February  20,  1  .^7  ;  died  Of  a  con- 
No.  85. 


9-9 

liimption  at  Greenwich,  July  (,,  ]r,r,y,  was  buried  at 

W.lhnintler,  and  was  (uceeeded,  agivetble  to  his  will, 

by  his  coiiiin, 

_  |,   ■    Jane  Gr.iy,  borni;;;-,  iiroclaimd 'iiieen,  Jul"  9, 

*        IT,,.;;  ilepoleil  fion    aft.r,  and    lent    to   the   Towi  r, 

wli,i\  llie,  with  lord  Dudley, her  hull)  md, and  lier lather, 

■aeiv  1  elK.ided,  lebrii  uy  1  2,  1  554,  aged  1  7,  by  order  of 

Mary,  wlio  w.is  b.m  I-ebriruy  ir,  ifi'i;  pio;laiin- 

ed,  Juiy  19,   155-,  and  .rowneil  O.lober  i  following i 

married     I'hilip,    of  .Spam,  Julv  25.  i5<;4;  died  of 

a  drop!)',  N  ivember  17,  1.^;;};;  wa,i,uiiedat  WdU 

minlter,  and  lue.eeded  by  her  half  liller, 

Eh/.ahetli,  wlio  w.is  boin  Seplemh.  r  7,  i  ■;:■<,  ;  f(  nt 
prilbner  lo  the  T..w.  r,  i^f;^  ■  began  to  r.  ign  Nov,  in- 
ber  17,  1558;  Clowned  at  W,  rtniinller,  janu.iry  15, 
1559.  M  ;ry  <.:\  S.ot  (led  to  Engluid,  Mav  16,  i  ;68, 
and  impriloiud  in  Tutbury  callle,  Jai.u.ary  iV'p. 
Eh/abeih  relieved  the  I'lutellants  in  the  Netherlands 
with  abi.ut  200,6:':  irowns  bclitUs  lines,  i^'^q.  a 
marriage  |)ropoled  to  the  cjueen  bv  the  duke  of  ;\len- 
("on,  i;7i,  but  finally  reiectcd,  i;;Mi.  Iie!:eai!e,i  .M.iry 
ol  .Seo:-,  ail''otlKnng!;ay-,;'.llle,  in  Northatiipti.nlliir,-, 
hebruary  8,  1 587,  aged  44.  Th  Sjiuiilii  armada  dc- 
llriyeil,  1580.  Tyrone's  rebellion  in  Feland,  i  ;9l). 
Eli'ex,  the  (jueen'^  t.ivourite,  lieiuaded,  Fi  binary"  2  r;, 
i6c2.  'I  he  iiueendld  at  Riil.mond,  March  24,  iCo\; 
wa.  buried  at  Wtllminiler,  and  liK>eedal  bv  th.e  fon 
ol  .\I.,iy,  queen  ol  S-ott,  th  n  J.imes  VI.  of  Scotland. 
James  I.  was  born  .at  Edinbuigh,  June  19,  15  ■6;  was 
crowned  king  of  ScolianJ,Jiiiy  22,  1  ;o7;  married  Ann, 
princcls  of  Djnnr'.rk,  Augull  u,  i^S.j;  fucceeded  to 
tlie  crown  of  England,  IVlareh  24,  it?c3;  lirll  ftiled 
king  ot  (iivr.t  Briiain,  !eo4;  arrived  at  L  'ndon,  Mav, 
7  tolloAing;  loilhiseld.lt  '.on,H.iiry,  priiueot  Wale  , 
Noveiubir  '),  1612,  aged  18;  married  his  daugliter, 
Elizabeth,  to  the  cleitor  Palatine  of  the  Rhine,  1612, 
from  whom  his  prelent  inajelly,  (icorge  HI.  i-^  delcend- 
edi  went  to  Scotland,  March  4,  1:17;  returned, 
September  14,  ifH7v  loll  hi--  queen,  March  3,  16194 
died  of  an  ague,  March  27,  162;;  was  buri.\l  at  Weft- 
miiiller,  and  liici  ceded  by 

Ch.nles  I,  who  was  born  November  19,  ifioo;  fuc- 
ceeded totlie  cro'.vn.  March  27,  162:;;  married  Hen- 
rieita  daughter  o!  Henry  IV.  ot  France,  the  lame 
vear;  ciownei!,  F"ei)ruary2,  162'jj  1  rowncd  ,it  Ed:n- 
inirgh,  it);3;  went  to  Scoik'.r.d,  A'.'gull  ii''4i  ;  re- 
turned, November  25  lollowing  J  went  10  the  Ir  tile  of 
Common-,  and  demanded  the  live  members,  January 
1641  2;  retired  to  York,  M..rcli,  i()42;  railed  lii-i 
Hand  a  id  at  N'.'ttingham,  Augull  25  following;  travel- 
led in  the  difguile  '.f  a  ferv.mt,  and  put  liimfelf  into 
the  hands  of  the  Scots,  at  Nc^'ark,  Nl:iy  5,  1^46  ;  fold 
by  tlic  Sail-- for  .'O3,oo;l.  Augull  8  lollowing;  feixcd 
.1   '     byCol.  1   iec,  at  H  ilnil-.v,  June  ?,  1 '147  ;  eleipcl  from 


o\v^ol,     I     n^.,.iL    I  1   'lint. V,  . (iiii.-.,  ,    i-'-l-/,*-'*-!  --'"■'>»• 

l-Iami.tonCourt,  and  letieattd  to  th.e  HI  ■  of  Wight, 
July   29,   1(148;  clofe  contineil  in  Hu.ll  cafll.',  De- 


leiiiber  1  lollowing;  removed  to  Windior-iallle,  De 
cember  2;,  to  Si.  James's  houl'e,  January  19,  1O.19; 
brought  t-i  trial  the  next  day  ;  condemned  the  27th  ; 
behculed  .at  Whitci.all  the  ^itli,  .aged  4S;  and  burie.l 
in  St.  (I.orge's  elia|).l,  Windl'or.  His  queen,  Hen- 
riett.a,  died  in  F'- 'nee,  Augull  10,    id'-Q. 

Oliver  Ciomwell  was  bmnat  Huntingdon,  April  2;, 
1  i;9(i ;  cholen  member  of  parliament  for  Huntingdon, 
ifi2S;  male  a  col 'nel,  1643;  went  over  to  Ireland 
with  his  army,  Julv,  i(<.\(.);  returned.  May,  16^0; 
made  Proteiflor  for  lile,  December  12,  1(1;;;  was  near 
beim;  killed  by  falling  from  a  coach-box,  CX-lobor, 
ed  kin'j;,1nit    refufeil    the  title,   May  8, 


I '154;  elected  king,  but  reluled  the  title,  I\l  ly  b, 
I  6":,  7  ;dicd  at  Whitehall,  September  3,  16/iS,  and  fuc- 
ceeded by  his  fon 

Richard  Cromwell,  who  wa?  iiroclaimed  Piotertor 
September  4,  i''58;  depoled  April  2:,  i".^<);  and  died 
at  Clielluint,  in  1  lertfordlliire,  July  12,  1712,  aged  89. 

Charles  II.  was  born  Mav  ^<).  i''>,"o;  cfcaped  troiu 

St.  Jam.s's,  April  23,  1048  ;  landed  in  .Seotlind,  1650; 

crowned   at  Scone,  January    1,  i^'^i;  defeated  at  the 

battle  of  Woivellcrj'i'm;' landed  at  Dover,  May  21, 

. ,  c  1660. 


A  NV.W,  UOYAl ,  ANO  AUTIIF.NTIC  SWrKM  or  r.N'lVr.RSAF.  r;F.O(,U  API  lY. 


m 


9:0 

1^6-^  a;ul  r>lloii\l  to  !».!.  ilir.'iic;  uinviuii,  Ainilij, 
iti6i;  m.iniol  Catliciiiu'.  lat.mu  ot  l\)r!ut!,.\l,  Miv 
;i,  K'i'j;  .uul  .Ktci'tc.l  iliL- >.r.\  trtwliiii,  D.'ccml'cr 
18,  iCi~4;  dial,  Filini.iiy  0,  16S5,  ai'cil  54,  <it  ,ui 
ai)"pl.'\\  ;  w.ii.  iv.iricvl  :ii  \\^li:»iiilli.'r,  aiul  liii\fci,lal 
I'V  Ins  hrothir  J.inus.  Citliciinc,  his  iiu.fii,  ilii.i.l 
DckCmh. r  :i.  no^. 

I.V1K-- II.  w.i^lviriiCK-'iobiT  1;,  16; ;;  ni.iiiic\l  Anne 
Hull',  September  11160,  who  il;al  lOyi  ;  in.irrKi!  ihc 
pruKvi'siii  M.Klcn.i,  November  21.  i('",{;  Uuiccilal 
to  i!ic  throne,  IMiiuary  d,  idS;.  Monmouth,  natural 
loll  t  '  C"ii.iili.b  11.  l.v.ukJ  in  r,n(;iaiul.  junei  1,  iftS^; 
[irotlaniial  kiiii;  .U  Tauiitoii,  in  SiiiH-ihtlhiii ,  juno  i" 
1. Mowing;  ilvlcAted,  near  li;  ;ilj,ew.'.tcr,  July  5-,  be- 
hcuiul  on  To'.vcr  hill,  July  .;  loll.'wino,  a.^.il  ;,,;. 
J  \me-'s  iiu.cn  h.ul  a  Ion  born  June  ic,  i6^;!);  (led 
iVom  his  palace,  necenil)er  12,  16.SS;  was  lei/Adr.uin 
atkr.at  l-.Ai-ithani,  and  broup,ht  ba.  k  to  Whitcli.ill; 
kti  E'lidand,  l>eceni!).r  2:,  t'ollnving;  U.ukd  at 
Ki!il':ile,inlrcl..nd,Mai^!i  1  :,  16S9;  raurncdto  I'lance, 
Ju!v,  1690;  dud  at  S:.  ( i.Tinaiii's,   .Augutl  (',  1701. 

Wilhaiii  111.  jnince  d  Oiani^e,  wa-  born  N  iwiiibLr 
4,  idjo:  created  Siadili,  Lkr,  July  :,  i(';:;  married 
the  prmcels  Mary,  ot  l'',n:l,nd,  Noveiiil  er  4,  16;;; 
lanili'd  at  Torbay,  in  Englanl,  with  an  army,  N^wni- 
ber  4,  16SS;  crowned,  with  iiis  ipiien,  .-Xpiil  11, 
16S9;  landed  at  Carrie ktergii-,  June  14,  1690.  and 
deteateti  Jam.'- II.  at  the  battK- I'l  Hoyiie,  July  1  loi- 
liwmt;;  pi'  t  l.ud  to.  .illaliinatui:;  him,  l-Viiruary,  \6i/>; 
tell  tiom  his  horl'c,  and  i'lcki.'  Ins  toil.-.r-lionc,  I'l-bru- 
arv  21,  I  7<i2  ;  dud  .March  S,  ageil  ;i;  wa--  Inined 
April  1  2  tblliMving,  and  left  his  hlUr-in  l"v,  Anne, 
ins  lucccli'or  to  the  crown. 

Mary,  William's  (juecn,  was  b  irn  April  ;o,  .•'j6z  ; 
p.otlaimcd  (with  hci  hu-band;  ijueeii  resztnt  ot  '1ns;- 
land,  |-cbruar\  1?,  l<iS9;  diul  ot  thelmall  pox,  l)e- 
ttml'er2y,i(Mi4,a>;:d,^2,ar.d\',asburieilat\Vcllm:;ilLcr. 

Anne  was  ^  irn  i'eb;uir\  '',  i()<i^;  mau'eil  loprinie 
GecrgL',  ot   U,  ■.mark,   July  Zu,    |oS;,  by  whom  Ihe 


h.ad  i_;  ihihliin,  all  o|  whom  diet!  yiun^',.  Shccanie  to 
theirown, March  1,170; ;  ir'>wne'l, April  .1 ;  tollowing, 
I'llherl'on,  (ieor}!,e,  duke  ot  ( ilouteller.  by  a  tlvc:, 
Julv  29,  1 7'?o,  a^td  I  I  •,  loll  iar  hulband,  who  tin- i 
..|  an  allhnii  and  droply,  Ololur  28,  1  ;oS,  a^nl  ;.■;. 
'Ilk-  iiue.nilied  ol  anapopl,  \v,  Aii^oll  1,  1  ,i4,a.'ed 
49;   wasbuiiedal  Willmnlur;  ami  Uuicci'kd  1  \ 

(ioorgi  1.  ekci.ir  ol  1  I  uiovei,  dul.c  ot  IJruiil^Mck- 
LiUKiiburp,  who  was  born  Mav  2S,  itfjo;  cie.itnl 
duke  ot  Cambiid^e,  i'\c.  v)ol.i|)cr  j,  1706.  1  h,' 
prmcels  .Sophia,  i,;  n.  -n,  n.oilur  ot"'(io'rp,e  II.  dud 
\\.u-n:  ;i,  I  -^  1 4,  a.i^ed  8.}.  I  le  was  proi  1  inieil,  Anoiul 
I,  1714;  landut  at  (;ueiiwi.:i,  Scj  tcmher  i.'^t.illow. 
liio  ;  died  in  his  jouinev  tollaiuuer,  .11  Oliiibui.', 
Siiiid.'.v,  June  11,  i;;.;,  ')t'a  [.aialuu  dilorder,  .u-.eJ 
6;,  and  was  lucccfdcl  by  lii.  cldcll  l.ip, 

(ieori'.e  II.  who  wa-  Ivrn  Ovtober  ;,o,  1  6S  ; ;  crcatf  d 
prince  ot  W.ik-s,  CVtobor  4,  1714  ;  married  the  prm- 
cels WilhelmitvaCarohnL  Doroihea,  ol  Ui.uRk'iibuij.h- 
Ant'paih,  1704;  alcend-l  the  tin. in-,  June  11,  1  .;■  ; 
loll  his  iiueen,  ot'a  niortiliv.ition  in  her  bowel,,  N\i- 
vcmlvi  J',  17J7,  aged  ;4-,  rupprellld  a  rebellioM, 
1745;  ^''^'1  l^iddcnly  .11  Kcniin^ton,  Ocloocr  25,  1 7  a, 
a^'^ed  77,  and  wasl'uccteiie.l  iiy  his  gra:vl;on,C  Jeoi  j;e  I II 

I'le.Ierick  Lewi--,  prmce  ot  Wales,  Ion  1  t'Cieoi^e  II. 
was  born  January  .:o,  1706;  arrived  in  I'.iii^land,  De- 
cember 17-9;  married  Airjulla,  princeis  of  .S.t\e- 
(lolha,  Ai'nl  27,  17;,^);  torbid  the  court  the  \ear 
t.  lloAiiij;  ;  died,  .M.uch  .'.0,  I75i,ai;ed  44.  1  lis  prin- 
celsdicil  ot  a  conliimpii'm,  l''ebiu;irv  M,  1  772,  aj7,e<l  5:. 

(ieoige  III.  eldell  I'ln  ot  In-deiu  k,  la;e  jirin-^e  ol' 
W.iles,  ua-  born  June  4,  17;!);  created  priiue  ot 
Wales  -.7;!  ;  Uiccieded  Ins  gr.indl.ilher,  Octobci  • ;, 
1760;  pioelaimed  the  next  day;  married  Charlotte 
Sophia,  pnncer-.o;  .Mcckleiibiir 'Ji-Strclit/,  Septeiulier 
8,  17(11,  who  wa  born  May  n),  1744;  and  both 
w\re  crowned,  Sepu  inbu  22,  ;7&i.  They  have  .1 
nunurou   piogeny. 


I  R  K  LAN  D. 


m:\^l 


SKCTION 


S:tur.:kii,  Pioundarics,  Exlen:,  Climalc,  S'.il.  PrcJu.^isns, 
Kr.crs,  Z,.;<i-j,  M'Air.l.uin,  Mi-tals,  M:nci\:!s,  <j\\ 

Tins  illand  i  t'.tuai.il  lictween  the  5111  and  loth 
deg.  ot  w\  il  long,  and  the  51II  and  3'>iiideg. 
north  lat.  li  i--  bouiukd  on  the  north  by  tiie  Ducah- 
d'^nian.Sea,  on  the  w.ll  by  the  Atlantic,  and  in  the 
call  and  I'lHith  by  .St.  deors^c"-.  e!iaiin.-l.  It  ii  aro.it 
,:o  miles  in  length,  and  i  ,  )  in  breadth. 

The  clim.ite  of  Ireland  difi'ers  little  trom  that  ot 
liniiland,  except  that  it  is  more  moiil,  the  lealon  ,  in 
general,  being  muth  wetter.  Tl-.e  .lir  is  clear  and 
wiioleioine,  except  in  thole  parts  where-  there  arc  bogs 
ar.d  lenny  <j,rounih  :  ol  tliefe,  h'wvever,  few  iviw  re- 
main, die  greater  part  having,  within  thcprefent  cen- 
tury, been  drained,  and  the  ground  cultivated.  Tlie 
loil,  in  general,  i-^  vel•^■  fiiittul  both  in  i  .irn  and  grats, 
cipceially  the  latter;  lor  which  realon  they  breed  a 
prodigious  numbe'  of  (lieep  .and  black  cattle.  The 
jiroductions  ot  the  bog!2,y  parts  arc  variou-.  Some 
are  covered  with  praf-,  Ionic  with  reed-  and  rnlhe-^, 
and  others  with  liiile  Ihrub-,  interfperf.-d  with  water. 
S'>me  yi.  Id  abiiiuiance '4  excellent  turf;  and  otiieis, 
called  Bed  Bugs,  |iro(hiee  laige  lir  ,  and  other  tree-. 

The  production  ot  Ireland,  with  relpeiH  t'l  animals 
and  vegetables,  are  much  the  fame  .as  thole  ol  l^ng- 
land.  But  they  have  a  much  greater  (piantiiy  of  game, 
inloinuch  that  hare-,  jjheafants,  &;e.  aie  fold  in  the 
public  markets. 

The  whole  cijuiitry  is    well   watered   with    rivcr^  ; 


amon;  which  the  moll  remarkable  are,  the  Shann'in, 
l^irrow,  Neor,  Suii,  B.inn,  L.ce,  L.iliey  and  Boyne. 
The  Shannon  is  a  much  larger  liver  th.'.n  any  in  f'.ng- 
I  land,  but  not  navigable  above  50  mile-.  It  runs, 
I  Irom  north  to  louth,  upwards  of  ;oo  laiglilli  miles, 
I  and,  lil.e  all  the  lell,  abounds  with  great  plenty  of 
.  exeellciil  liili,  p:utie  iilaily  falmon  and  pike. 

Here  are  likewife  a  great  nunilvjr  of  lakes,  or,  as 
they  are  ulually  called,  lough-,  mam  of  which  pro- 
duce larje  (]vi -ntities  of  e:;. client  lilli  ;  and  the  great 
lake,  called  N.agh,  is  i."riiaikab'.e  tor  its  peiritying 
i]ual;tv.  But  the  bav  s,  harbours,  and  creeks,  which 
every  where  indent  the  coalV,  form  the  chief  glory  of 
Ireland,  and  render  that  country,  beyond  any  other 
in  Europe,  the  fell  lilted  fur  tbreign  commerce. 

Though  Ireland  cannot   be   called   a    mountanious 

cotintrv,  \et  there  are  le\eral  lofty   chain-,  a  well   as 

lini'Jc  mountains,  in   the  kingdom.     Three  woids  in 

I    the  Itilh  l.ingu.-.ge  e\|)rel's  the  ditiisrent  degree-,  ol  ihcir 

I   elevation,  namely.   Knock,  Slieve,  and    Bein.       The 

I    lirll  ligmties   a  low  kill,  uneonnened  with  any  oil-.cr 

I    eminence.     A  SlicNc  m.irks  a  craggy  high  mount  un, 

I   gradually  aleending,  and  continued  in  leveral  ridge-; 

and  a  Hem  liynilie-.  a  pinnacle,  or  imuiiitain  ot  the  lirll 

I    magnmule,  ending   in  a   lli  up  or  abrupt   precipice. 

\    .Some  of  their  mountain';  contain  in  tlieir  bowels  beds 

I   ot  ruin,  mineral,  co.ils,  cpiairics'ol  Hon;,  llatear.d 

I    marble,  with  \einsot   uon,  l.-aJ,  andcoiipcr. 

Siiiie  ot  the  lonils  iinHl'.ice  excellent  timber,  par- 
tiiularl',-  lak;  which  is  elUeme',1  as  ,^)od  as  any  o|  the 
Englilh  ;',rowih,  and  ecpially  Lrv.ceable  for  lliij)-builcl- 
ing.   The  mines  A  Ireland  are  l.ae  dilcovcries.    Some 

contaiti 


■•laiAPiiY. 

I  ml  y-HiMf,.  ShciMiiK'  lo 
IK-!, April  ^;li>llowing, 
<  ilouttltcr,  by  X  tlvci, 
1ki-  hiill.,iiul,  who  liiol 
.>Ihi-  zH,  I  70S,  agiil  ^.;. 
V,  Aii^iMl  I,  I  ;i4,;uij,t 
r;  and  runculwil  Iv 
•(.1,  i!ul.c  ol  IJriiiirwick- 

olohei-    J,    1706.      111,. 

):lKr  ot  (io'ige  II.  dml 

a:is  proil.iuiieJ,  Aiiguil 

1,  -Scittiubfr  iX|,)llow. 

lliiiDvcr,  ai  Oiiiilnnv, 

1  i  .iiahtic  ililoalti-,  a;',i'J 

i.l.lcll  U<v., 

IoIkt  ;,o,  i6S',;crcatf\l 
7:4;  iliarrici!  llu'  piin- 
JiliLM,  ol  Ui.uuLiilnii  j,l)- 
tliion.-,  lu;ic  II,  1  .;■  i 
1)11  ill  hit  hinvi.! .,  N\i- 
liippiclivil  ,1  rvlicll;,iii, 
^toii,  Octo'.icr  25, 1;  11, 
Ins  gM;i>l;.in,(;v-i>i4;i'l  1 1 

\\  .iks,  toil  I  t' ( icoi  o(_>  II. 

aiiiVL'i!  ill  luij^laiKJ,  l)t'- 
ulla,  princci!>  of  Sa\c'- 
bid  ihe  court  the  \car 
75i.ai:i.'d  44.  His  priii- 
l)ru;\rv  S,  1  772,  aged  5^. 
'n.dciii.;k,  laic  prince  ol 
7;;j;  created  priii.i'  (i|' 
;randt',iiiu-r,  ()ctol"i  ■  ;, 
day  ;   iiiaiiied  Cliarlolt^- 

'Ji-Stiflil/,  Sepleiulvi- 
y    19,    1744 ;  and  botli 

17&1.     Tiuy   have  a 


kal>k'  arc,  the  Shannon, 
Lcc',  LillVy  aikl  Boyne. 
■r  liver  tiian  any  in  luig- 
)VC  50  iiulc-.  It  run?, 
s  of  ;oo  l'",nglilli  miles, 
Is  with  grrat  plenty  ot 
iii.m  and  piko. 
nimilvji-  ot'  lakes,  or,  as 
^,  mam  of  which  pio- 
llcnt  filli  ;  and  tln'  groat 
kalilc  lor  it-;  pelrilyiii;_; 
our'-,  and  i  leeks  uliich 
t"rni  the  chi.l'  glory  of 
itry,  Ivyond  any  otln-r 
torei^n  coiiiniene. 
:  tailed  a  mountainous 
lofty  chains,  a  well  as 
idoni.  Three  words  in 
dirt'crent  dej;reei  ot  their 
llicve,  and  B--in.  The 
)i)ne:U'd  with  air.  oihcr 
•  '•'■■'c.t'y  lnp:h  ill' Hint  iin, 
linucd  in  le\  eral  ridi^e-; 
,  or  inoiiiiiain  ot  the  lirlt 
ij>  cr  abrupt  preripice. 
am  in  t)u  ir  liowels  beds 
ai ties'  ol  lloir.-,  (liteaiid 
;'ad,  and  coihk  i  . 
e  exeellent  tiiulx'r,  par- 
iLil  as  j;o(id  as  any  ot  thi: 
IrvxealiK- for  lliiji-boiki- 
c  late  dileuveties.  Some 
(.oiuaiii 


^-mr 


H.I         I 


M 


1  ■ 


rCRO'T..] 


ru  ROPE  AN    ISLANDS. 


ioiit.ti  1 '  T  anil  UmiI;  otiicr-  Ciipp-ian'l  iron,  f^iu- 
ri'-i  I't  t."ii  ■  .V  :  Uiiiii'l  III  in.iii'  |>.iiis,  Tlic  c  aU  tint 
arcilii"  III  Kil  inii)  emit  vciy  little  im  .ik  ;  n  i.. mains 
a  ili'^itti"!  i.n:tni  wliicli  li:i'.  nn  laliincnt.  Tli  il'.' 
n  itilMiiti  .  •A.ili  tliffrr  niiv  of  ilu-  air  in  tii.it  |>l;i  c, 
hv.  I'.iVvn  i;!,  li  ill'  wtii  kiiDwn  |irowr|i,  *•  'riiai 
'•  K1I..CI111V  .i-.m.iiii^  tiff  wiih.Mii  Inioak,  wai./r  wiili- 
"  out  tlaul,  and  .iir  V,  iilioni  t  "j^.*' 

SI'.CTIOX     11. 

(Iran J  Divi/tons  of  Ireland,  rath  a  Dt'fcripiion  c/  each 
..    :tfu>u 

I.vl'.L.ANI)  i>  iliviiKil  into  tour  I'rovim-cs,  wiii^Ji 
vvi'  lli.ill  ili-krilic  ill  onit-r. 

I 'I  .S'llCR,  tin-  moll  nonliciii  [iroviiuc  ot  Irtl  uul  1  , 
ill  loin,-  pan  -,  mouiii.imou  ,  but,  in  licncial,  IcriiK  ,aiul 
wi-li  ivauTttt.     It  cont.iins  ili  •  toUowuii;  couniic  . 

'I'lic  i.'untyoi  DoMcAL  l,  in  ^iCiurai,  very  iiiiilc, 
ail. I  ilii;  lir  tiaranJ  wliol' ionK".  '1  lie  town  ot  Donegal, 
Willi  li  ^Mv^.■snam^;loit,i^al)oo^lll^■an|lla^.l.•;  and  t  lie  only 
ihiir;  in  the  whole  county  worliiy  01  notice  is  tlu'  lait- 
w.italake.oi  rather  arm  oft  h-  iiM.callc.J  Lou-h-S.Mlly. 
wliieii  e.Ktcnils  itj  inili.s  in  leii.'tli,  ami  is  abi'Ut  live 
ni,!  ••  li;oad  at  iS  m.'iitli.  A  iliou-.i-id  lail  iiiii>,ht  ride 
ih  II  vM!h  Liiety.  'I'lieic  are  :n  uiy  villa;.'e^  and  (^eiitle- 
iiicnS  kat-.  on  iis  Iwnk^,  hut  no  town  or  tratle  ot  any 
c  nlei(iieni  e. 

1  he  MHiiiiy  of  Londonpehu  v,orCoLr.RAiN,  i-  alio 
toki '.  ;y  i-Ttilc,  hem.'  well  uatcivd  by  tlie  river  Bann. 

l.oiuioiKlcrry,  la  Deny,  the  laint  d  ol  the  eoiiniy, 
and  iheKe  ol'a  bilhop,  llaiul^  at  rlu  bottom  ol  Lougl'i- 
l-'o_<  le.  It  ha-  a  i^ood  port,  lo  winvh  Ihipi  ot  the  ;T-Mt- 
tll  biirihtn  have  aeeei-,  and  a  >  onilderab'e  trade. 
It  IS  Will  toititieir,  and  along  tiic  bank-  ot  the 
r.vei  are  liveial  ealUe--,  and  a  lort.  dre.u  c]uantiiics  ot 
lalinon,  l.ilied  and  barrelled,  arc  exported  Irom  hence 
Ij  loui^n  parts. 

C "lerain  is  a  handlome  walled  town,  fituated  neu  the 
month  ul  ihc  river  Bann;  and  Ivt'ore  tlie  buildini;  ot 
L'l.donderry,  gave  name  to  the  1.0'. int)'.  1 1,'rei-  a  va- 
luable l.il'iioii  lilheiy. 

'Iheiountx  ot  Antrim  c^inlills  chielh  ol' bo.";  a;ul 
m.uihe'  ;  Imt  ihol'c  ji.iit .  which  arc  enltivatcil  are  lole- 
rai'iy  'ci ;ile. 

BlImiI  1.  the  moil  lonliderabk-  town  in  ail  ihi.  part 
ot  lieland,  hir  extent,  wealth,  .adc,  and  number  ol 
inhabitants.  The  harbour  belo^v  the  t  iwn  i^  eoinmo- 
iliou-,  ami  ha^  a  j;ood  depth  ol  water.  A  eonlid.  table 
trad,  is  carried  on  irom  heiiee  i  >  Sioil.ind,  patticnlar- 
ly  to  (ilalg  )w. 

C'arru  kterjjus  is  a  poi)iiloiis  town,  walud  and  tbrii- 
fied,  uiihan  e\i  client  h.u'oour,  and  licteiided  by  ;i  cal- 
tle  on  a  high  rock.  Merc  the  alli/.es  and  iiuarter-tellions 
arel'.eld,  nut  only  tor  the  town,  but  the  county  at  larj^e. 

l:i  iliis  couni)  i  one  ot  the  grcatell  natural  curiolitLs 
to  1  e  met  with  in  lairope.  it  is  called  the  Cliani's 
Cauleway,  and  is  i.tuated  by  the  lea-liiU,  about  eight 
mile- Iran  Co'eiain.  It  is  com  poled  ot  pillars  allot 
angulai  ihapes,  tVom  three  tides  to  ei;.',iit.  The  calkin 
point,  wlikh  loin-  to  a  rock,  terr.iinaics  in  a  |ierp mii- 
culai  clitt,  formed  bv  the  uprii;hl  lides  ot'  thepilkir-, 
fome  ot  which  areiipwanls  ot  j;  feet  in  height.  Eai  h 
pillar  conlitts  ot  leveral  j  liiits  or  llones,  K  ;ng  one  upon 
another,  from  lix  inches  to  about  a  foot  in  thicknels; 
and  what  is  very  lurpnling,  fome  ol  ihelc  joints  are  lo 
conv.x,  that  tlieir  prominence  are  nearly  oiiaiters  of 
Iphere  ,  roillKl  eaili  ot  whiih  is  a  h(.l;j,e,  which  hohis 
tliem  logether  with  the  greaiell  linunels,  every  done 
beini;  concave  on  the  oiher  lid.e,  and  lilting,  in  il'.e 
cxactell  manner,  i1k'  convexiiy  of  tlu-  upper  pail  o: 
that  beneath  11.  The  pillars  are  Irom  one  to  two  I'et 
in  diameter,  and  generally  contillol  about  toity  loiii;-. 

The  county  ol  Tvroni:  contain-  many  moun- 
tains, which  are  veiy  barren;  bui  tlie  vallies  and  f.i'.v 
grounds  arc  Iriiitlul  both  in  corn  and  pa;!ure. 

The  principal  town  in  this  county  i-  Omagh,  but  it 
doe-  not  contain  any  thing  worthy  ol  particular  notice. 


'J.'« 


Thcuninty  oil  iRMANanii  is-n-eofihc  t:iofl  m,. 
wlu  lct'.me  counties  in  this  province,  the  meattll  put 
ot  11  being  taken  up  with  b  .gs,  and  alarg,'  like  c.ilid 
Lough- larne, 

Innilkilhn,  tin  capital  of  the  county,  is  iliuatul  on 
an  illind,  and  li  ui',  an  impoiiuit  pifs.  it  i-,  well  t.  i- 
iitifil  and  garuloned.  It  i  chielly  remarkable  lor  pio- 
il  ;.  in^;  a  re'.'imtnt  -t  its  nam  m  ti.j  war  beiwem  kin  > 
Williaiii  and  Jniiis  li.  in  livlaiiil. 

The  coiint\  ofL'AVAN  isverv  boi'.pv,  notw!thn:tnd- 
ing  whidi  the  air  is  far  tmm  1,.  jng  imhealihy.  '1  he 
town,  which  gives  name  id  ii.  is  vei\  fniall  and  inllpni  ■ 
111  am.  Bui  Kilmore,  ihuaie  I  in  thf.  county,  though 
aim  an  place,  is  a  billioji's  lee. 

Theiountyol  Mon.\<.imm  is  ver^  mountainous 
woody,  andm.ulhy;  and  ihe  priiu  ipal  town,  wliitli 
gives  name  toll,  doth  i.oi  contain  any  ihingremarkable. 

Tlie  countv  ol  Akmaoii  is,  in  veneial,' very  ttitilc, 
the  foil  being  elleemed  the  ri.  lull  in  IiJand;  on'.v 
there  i.  aieriain  tiack  in  it  calkil  ilie  I'ews,  which  1, 
li.lly  and  b.iiien. 

Arm  igh,  whii  h  gives  name  to  the  oaintv,  is  the  lea 
of  the  prim.iie  ot  .ill  iiclaiid. 

t'liaiLiiumt  isaliiiall  ne.it  town,  (ituated  on  the  river 
B;aekwatcr,.uu!  reiCiVcd  ;t-  n.imefrom  a  tort  01  nvamt, 
built  bv  Cli.ulcs  Blount,  lord  Montjoy. 

Lugain  1:.  pLaiaatly  htiiated  on  a  gentle  eminence, 
in  a  fertile  and  populous  country,  about  twn  mil. ,  irom, 
and  commanding  a  prol'peet  of,  L'ligh-N'eagh,  one  of 
the  largell  lake-  in  the  kingdom.  Tins  town,  from  the 
hmilanty  ot  Its  L^eneral  tigurc,  of  the  lair.iuage,  man- 
ner-, and  diljiolitions  ol  its  inha'-itanis,  to  thole  of  the 
I'aighlh,  hath,  for  many  year-,  acquired  the  name  of 
Little  Ln^Lind. 

The  County  of  Down  is  fertile,  has  a  good  air,  and 
i-  populous. 

Down-l'at  tie  chiel  town  of  the  county,  is  a 

bilhop's  lee,  eiijted,  about  the  end  of  the  5th  century, 
b\  St.  I'aitick,  Be/ides  the  cathedral,  here  are  leveral 
handlome  public  buildini.',-,  as  Hie  church,  the  kllions 
hoiife,  t-.u)  alms-houles,  twotihooh,  a  niarketlioufc., 
.iiid  bai racks  tor  a  tioo[i  ol  horfe. 

Newiy  llaiul-  near  a  river  ot  the  fame  name,  over 
whicli  It  has  two  iiridi;s5.  The  town  is  a  gie.it  tho- 
rouL^htaic,  and  in  it  a  jiarrifon  is  conll.mtly  ke)Jt. 

fvillc!i.agh  is  .1  till, ill,  but  neat  town,  ami  had  the  ho- 
nour of  giving  biiili  to  ih.it  great  naturalitl  and  jjhy- 
lici.m  Sir  Hins  Sloane.  Merc  is  a  handl.ime  church, 
aeallie,  and  liarr.ieks  tor  a  troop  of  chagooii'^. 

Bangor  has  a  eonliderablj  nunut.iCturc  tor  linen 
yarn.  Here  arc  llill  teen  the  rums  of  a  very  ancient 
ai'bey. 

LLiNSTER  is,  in  general,  well  cultivated,  has 
a  good  air  anil  foil,  and  abounds  in  corn,  tattle,  titli, 
anil  fowl.  Its  principal  rivers  arc  the  Boyiie,  Barrow, 
LilVey,  Nuer,  Slane,  an.l  Mor.  The  counties  into  which 
thi-  province  's  divided  are  as  lollow  : 

Dublin,  or  Di-.vei.  in.  'I'his  county,  except  a  moun- 
tainous track  in  the  loutli  part  ot  it,  is  very  populous 
and  tiltile,  and  abounils  with  all  the  necell.iries  ot  life. 
It  far  exceeds  any  oilier[)ari  of  ihe  kingdom,  not  only 
in  ]>opuloiilnels,  lulture,  trade,  and  wealth,  but  in  the 
politenel's  and  ingenuity  of  its  inh.ibitants. 

Dublin,  t!ie  capital  of  this  county,  and  of  the  whole 
kingilom,  i-,  in  magnituile,  anil  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants, the  lecond  city  in  the  Bi  tilh  dominions.  It  is 
Iniilt  in  the  form  ot  a  Iquare,  about  two  miles  and  a  halt 
long,  and  nearly  a-  much  in  breadth.  It  is  fnuatej 
aiiout  Icvcn  imlcs  ti\  in  the  lea,  at  the  bottom  ol  a  l.trge 
ai'.d  tji.uious  bay,  upon  :he  river  Lill'ey, which  divides  it 
almoll  into  t\voei|ual  ivirts,  and  is  banked  m  thro'  the 
priiKipal  jiart  of  the  city,  on  both  lij.-,  which  tonii 
Ijjacious  quays  for  the  convenience  ol  lo.iding  and  un- 
loading vcH'els.     The  inereafe  eif  Dublin,    within  30 


-- o       - -  ■  .     '  ■^ 

ears  pall,  is  incredible.  In  appearaiue  it  bears  a  gre;  t 
.eleinhlaiue  to  London.  '1  he  lioulcs  are  ot  bncN. 
The  old  llfiets  aie  narrow  and  mean,  but  many  of  the 
new  tlreets  are  as  eliv.ant  as  I  hole  ot  ihc  n-etropohs  ol 

Gre  it 


w» 


A  NIAV,  ROYAI.  akp  At^TFir.NTIC  SYSTFM  op  irN'lVKRSAI.  (.l.oGUAl'HY. 


- 1 '  P  . 


Crrit  n  itain.    Sukvillc  tlrcct.  oiiic-rwiU'  callc.l   ilic 
Mill,  b  iLirii.  iiUrly  nohlc.     'I'lic  lioul.'.  ar^' clc-.\ni.  ' 
\i\)',  aii>l  »inih)rmly  Iniiltj  ami  a  gravel  walk  luus  ; 
ihri'iii^h  ilic\\li>li',  ai  .mci|iiaUlillaiui'  Inuu  tbe  I'uli-?. 

Tlw  rivir  l.il!iv,  ihuiiji  iMvi^>al>U-  Ifr  vill,  l»  mM  ii 
as  il  c  ciilK-iiili  ".ite,  in  htit  liiiall,  wiini  iDmi'.iirl  u< 
t\w  'I'lLmus  .It  Loiulon.  Over  it  ;iii' two  liaiuii.iiu- 
l>riil';fi  (>»  ll.'iw,  .'V  ni'w  Unit  \\\^  1"  ci»  op.'m.>i,  k.ul- 
in^ln'Mi  KiliA  !■  iJ.c  totliC>^illU-,  vvIku  ilic  loul  lic\i- 
Iciunt  filiili-.  'Ml'"  n-w  i-xtli.mjic  i>  an il  p.ail'  '''"'^ ■ 
Hire  ot  wiiiti- tlii:ic,  riii'ly  I'U'.K-lliltuil  with  rinii-co- 
lii:iins  oj  the  Giiiiuliianoii'.er,  a».u[iola,  anJ  oil.er  it- 
iianMit- 

T'l.  I'.i  lianient-lioul'c-  is  a  very  vlgm:  an.l  luliilan- 
tiil  ii'.ilv  I'.  Tlic  I'oriuo,  111  luriKuiai,  i-.  p  rh.ip-, 
without  paraliil.  Tin.  iniiiiial  pail>  h.i\c  alio  ni.iiiy 
bfauiic;  amltliciTiamKiin  wlmli  tin- Iniili'mn  is  li<f;lit- 
cil  h.is  been  muih  avliiiiuil.  N^ar  it  i-  ■riinuy-C'(«ll>;.',c, 
which  ixtiiu!- al  unit  300  Uct,  ami  is  liiill  ot  I'Drtlaml  , 
ftonc.  in  till-  tiiud  l.iilf.  But  one  ol  the  ureal,  ll  ami  | 
nirll  lauil  ;1)U-  timiert  iLings  tin-  aj^c  f.in  Ivall  ot  is  tlie 
buil.lin,;  i>t  a  lloiiewal!.  .lU.iittlic  l-re.ulth  ot  ,1  ni"<i<  rate 
Ititit,  a  jMopLiiiiiiu.  1>  hiiplit,  ami  time  in:les  in 
leni'.i!i,  toconlim-  tlu  ih.'.nnti  ol  the  b.u  ,  aiul  lolhtlitr 
velltK  in  ll'Miny  weather. 

Steven--(irtJni5a  very  ixteiUive  I'liiiarc,  luing  o\u- 
in;l>  111  '  ir. iiiiiicrenic.     It  i'^  partiv  laitl  out  in  nra>il-  1 
w.ilks,  like  St.  |.im-»*!>  Park,  iti  wliich  n\av  In  leii.,  tn  : 
line  vu.itiur.  a  rel^rt  ot  as  nuicli  tinery  and  i^auiy  as 
III  my  III  th-  pill  Tu  placvs  m  K;i>^l..nvl.     M.iny  ol  tin- 
hoiilis  louiul  the  dreen  are  very  liately,  but  tlieii  beau 
tics  are  greatlv    inuireil  tor  want  ol  unitorniity.      Ne.ir 
Stevens-Cireen  are  leveraln^w    lli\ci-,  the  biulilnvjs 
oi  whith  are  exceci'.iii;;  eivpani. 

I'he  linenhall  was  eieaeil  at  tl'.e  ]mli!ie  expcnu-, 
and  opened  ir,  ihe  year  172',  Un  ;li.  r.  t  piinn  o(  UkIj 
linen  clolh^  as  were  brought  t^  Dablm  wr  lale,  lur 
which  there  are  eonvcnieiu  .viiartnientv.  It  is  entiivlv 
undcrtlieilireetiono!  liie  trullce'-.or the  en(.(iiiraj;eme:it 
ot  tiie  linen  m.inutactorv  ot  Ireland,  who  :iie  >  oinpoled 
ot  the  kird  chantell  ir,  the  primate,  the  archbillii'p  ol 
DuMin,  and  the  primipal  part  ot  tlie  nobility  and  t^entry. 
This  nation.d  inllitution  h  produi:tive  ot  great  advan- 
tages, by  jnevcntiiii;  many  traiids,  wliiih  otlietwile 
woul  I  lie  eomiuitied  in  a  lapit  \1  Imni  h  ni  trade,  by 
wliii  h  niany  ih'iMandb  are  einjiio;  ed,  and  the  kini;doni 
2,1  e. Illy  enritlud. 

The  barrack^  ar.  \i\  .ii'antly  ilinatcd  0:1  .-.n  eniincn  e 
IK  i;  (he  i.ver.  Tliey  tonlill  ot  tour  laii;e  courts,  in 
wliieh  are  >>enerallv  i|uaitered  tour  bittalli.ins  ot  toot, 
.-.nci  oil'-  vei.;iment  ot  h  irle  :  troiii  hence  the  tattle  and 
titv  guards  are  relieve. 1  daily.  Tliele  b.irra.ks  arc 
r.iid  to  be  the  lugell  and  iiioll  commodious  ot  any  in 
Luiope. 

I'JKCiiix  l'.i:k,  wliiih  belongs  to  hi-,  maKlly,  is  very 
liipeiior  to  St.  Junes".-,  beinj^  nui  h  more  exunlive, 
and  lominandin;!,  tlie  nuill  deliglitiul  pro'.pecfts. 

Dublin  is  the  lie  o|  ,in  artlibiihop,  wlio  his  a  hand- 
I'onie  cathedral,  and  a  chajitcr,  conlilling  ot  a  ile.m, 
chanter,  chancellor,  trealurcr,  two  arilideaeons,  a.-id 
22  pr.!iend.irii.s.  Here  i^  a  loiitty,  called  the  DuMin 
Soiicn,  winch  hath  been  ot  iiiiiniie  beiv. til  to  the 
kingiluiu,  tiy  diilribi  ting  p.remiums,  to  a  very  confider- 
al'le  amount  yearly,  tor  encouraging  and  iromoting 
hufi)apdty,  and  other  ulelul  arts  and  maiuilacturcs. 

The  ( ivil  government  of  Dublin  is  bv  a  lord-m:'.yor, 
&c.  the  lame  as  in  L^ondon. 

The  provilion*. 'I'this  cay  are,  in  general,  exier<liiig 
i;oik1,  and  ai  a  reatonable  price,  more  elpecially  li- 
quor'. The  i  ell  Ijiirits  mu  be  had  af  hall  ihe  price 
they  till  tor  in  London,  Th.eir  wine  is  chiefly  claret, 
the  KMiimon  price  it  winih  is  2  ,  p,r  hottk  ;  and  the 
bell  the  town  allbnl  may  be  had  tor  2s.  6d.  Hut  it  i' 
remarkable  that,  notwitlillamling  the  general  con- 
vtniencies  here,  they  are  deledive  of  piopvr  aei  ommo- 
dations  tor  travellers,  there  not  being  a  ]i!ace  ot  public 
enteitaiiuneiil  in  the  city,  that  delervci  the  n.une  ol  an 
inn. 


The  rate-  ot  h.uknev  coaciic".  and  eli.iirs  .11  :■•:  4 
hi'x,  as  in  I  .oiidoii,  lor  the  dilt'.unt  diilanccs  01  it- 
downs,  as  they  ate  tailed.  Hut  lieu  arc  two  lott  ot 
cariia^j;e',  peculiar  l<i  ih.'  pl.ue.  The  otiv-  i>i.ilUi| 
,1  nii.lily,  which  1?  nothing  more  ||i:iii  .m  oUI  e.»ll-oir 
one  hoilc  CM.ule,  ^vlth  a  km  I  ol  II  ol  li\ed  111  ili  ■ 
lioni,  mil  beloie  llii  Icit,  on  \siii  h  the  i!ii\er  l.-t-  n:'i 
over  liie  rump  ol  the  hi'ile,  ,ind  iliiv.  <  ou  tioni  c  •,.• 
pan  ot  the  tow  I  tc)  .inoih  1,  ai  tl  iied  r..:.',  lota  I.-;- 
down.  This  IS  neither  it  x.ry  I  de  01  t.dy  Vihicle; 
but  It  I--  lonveiii  III  lor  lini'Jt  ,<eiloi)  ,  ilic  t.ire  not  \\. 
ing  nuich  mine  ihai\  lialt  that  ol  .1  coaih.     The  odi  i 

'  isialleit  a  t  lail.  lu.iiine,  an  1  is  little  le!s  than  .1  i.;ii- 
mon  car  with  one  lioile.  1  lu  y  aie  uled  ni't  ciiis  in 
this  I  ii\ ,  but  ihioii''Jioiit  ih.'  kingtloni,  tor  t'le  convey- 
ance ol  piopleon  parties  ot  pleaUire,  and  lor  the  lar- 
ri.ii^e  ot  good,  and  iiRM\h  iiidi/c  of  oeykind,  h.iy, 
llr.nv,  11)111,   ilun.',  turt,  i\^ .     \\  11.  n   uied  tur  p.iities 

,    01  pU.iiure,  a  mat    is  laid  on   the    level  part  lor  th; 

I  commonalty;  anil  for  the  ;^',enleeler  lort,  a  beil  is 
put  on  It. 

I       In  Dulilin  there  ar-    two  theatres;  but  linee  an  ex- 
iluiive  p.iicnt    has  bveii  obta:n.il,  periormances   ate 
r.irily  exhibiud  ai  ii.o;e  tli.uj  1  r.ei,.!  them  ..t  a  timj»^ 
Tneie  IS  .dl'i  the  K."ton<l.i,  a  place  ot  p  lite  r^iort 
rvlembling  Ka.vLigii. 

,,       In  this   ciiy  aie    iS    p.uilh  ihurtlic,   K  chapels.    ; 

I  churches  fir  I- 1  em h  and  1  lor  Ihiuh  I'roieltams,  7 
piilhyterian  in-enng-houles  one  tor  meiliodill-,  j  loi 

j    qiiakei^,  and    16  l<.oiiun  Cat liohc  chapels.     Here  .ue 

f'  hkiwile  a  roy..l  iiotpital,  like  ili.it  at  Llullea,  lor  m- 

i    valids;    a  b  ingin-iiolpiial,    with   ganleiis,  built  aiitl 

;  l.udout  111  the  liiiell  talle;  an  holpiiallor  lunatie-,  erici - 
ed  ii\  the  t.imous  dean  Sw.tl ;  .iml  Icvcial  other  cli;ui- 

,    talile  and  u;c:ul  toundaiions. 

Louth  is  thelhialletl  county  in  the  whole  kingdonii 
but  It  liasapiealani  and  healthy  air,  and  is  ver)  tiuiitui 
in  loin  anil  grai  . 

Diou^lu'da,  the  chiel  town  in  this  county,  is  liiuaied 
neai  the  niouth  ot  the  Hoyne,  -ibout  20  niilis  Iroiii 
Uiibl'.n.  It  IS  di\  id  d  into  two  p.uts  by  ihe  t.ud  nvci', 
ONU  wMeh  there  i-.  a  plain  but  eoiivcnieni  biKl;;e. 

j         WicKi.ow  IS  a  very  mountainous  county,  bi;i  it  lui 

I'  a  clear  and  wholdomc  air;  and  the  low  lands  are  wxli 

!    tuliivated.     Haw eui  the  mountains  are  tome  ot  thole 

I  deep eiark  vallies calk d  gl\ns,  winch  aie  very  beauliUil 
ami  p'.ctureUiue.  togetlur  with  lome  grand  and  .illoinlh- 

'    ing  water-tahs.     1  tie  moll  remarkable  among  the  I  uier 
I  is  that  ealled  the  lall  of  FoweJiourt,  which  tioin  the 

i!  peculiariiy  ot  lis   lilualion.  Us  |iioUlgious  height,  and 
I  lingular  beauty,  well  delerves  tie  nonce  ot  a  traveller. 
The  water  tails   at    leall  3C0  teet,  ot   which   200  arc 
vil'ble  on  die  )>lain  lelow. 

Wkkl'iW,  \\huh;jivcs  name  to  the  county,  is  re- 

I    inaikalle  ior  nroduuii;;  the  bell  ale  in  li.e  kingdom. 

'     it  has  barracks  I,  r  iluee  companie-.  ol  loot,  and  a  knuj 
\  ot  callle  and  haven  at  the  nioudi  ol  the  rivei  Lcitiiin; 

||  but  iiuiU  ot  it-  tr.idc  eonliils  in  larrymg  proviiio'..'  i.i 

'    Imall  vcli'els  to  Dui  hii. 

'I'hecuunty  ot  WtLXFoRois  lituated  to  the  Icuih  of 
Wicklow.     Tlie  air  is  good,  i.ut  the  toil  v.irious.     In 

':',  lome  plates  ii  is  coarle  and  p  >or,  but   in  others  it  ii 

i:  truiitu.  both  m  corn  and  grals. 

.1       Wextord,  the  capital  of  the  lounty,  i^  a  large,  an- 

jl  cient  town,  lituated  at  the  mouth  01  'he  Mane.     Here  is 
I  a  very  good  liar  hour  tor  vttf- Is  ol  .1  tonlideralik  bun  hen, 

i    and  barr.uk- lor  two  companies  ot  loot,   wuii   a  \eiy 

;  ^  ancient  callle. 
!       I  .mNciorii  is  a   plcilant    county,  and,  in    g' lur.il, 

I    toKr.ibly  teitile;    but  loiue  part    ol  it  are  very  uoggv. 

i  l.iiigtoul  is  the  capit.d  ol  the  c  unty,  ami,  behdes 
a  c.illle,  has  bai  racks  lor  a  trooji  ot  l.or.e. 

East- All.  ATll  i-i  a  very  Krlile  county,  abouiidi'i,;  in 
torn,  palluie,  aiidlKiilsot  eatlie.  .Viuieiuh.  11  liad 
petty  kin^',  liy  whom  11  was  go\uncd. 

'1  rim,  the  touiuy  town,  is  lituated  on  the  Hoyne; 
but  hath  not  any  thing leiuaik.iLle,  except  banacks  tor 
a  troop  ot  iieitle. 

West- 


s> 


/ 


\ 


.OGUAI'llY. 


ici  ami  cluiir''  ai,  :i<:  4 
rt'.unt  ilillaiKt",  ur  h  t- 
It  hiu  :'.ic  iwi"  lo!t  of 
c.  'I  lie  oru'  i>  i.ilUil 
iiri"  tliii)  .111  itlil  nll-''ll 

I    «l     ll  III  (ivul  ill  ill- 

hi  li  til'.-  iliivcr  l.-t.  tii'l 
111!  kltiw  •  Mjii  trv.u  I'll  • 
I  ll  itui  !■:.!.',  lot  a  I.".- 
V  I  lie  in  t.ily  vJiiclcj 
tiloii  ,  ilx  t.iiv  nut  Iv. 
Ill  .1  to;ui  .  Tiic  oiU  I 
l^  Imli;  k'.i  iliun  .i  >.  ;n- 
i  V  aic  vilcil  ntit  <  iii\  in 
ngiloiu,  tor  t'lt  convey- 
.•aiurc,  and  tor  ilif  vai- 
ic  lit  ivf  y  kiiul,  li.iy, 

\\  Ikh  iikd  lut  luiiii.-. 

llic  level  part  tor  th.- 
•iitccler    toil,    a  bul  it 

Mtrc";;  Init  (iiii  r  :ui  t  x- 
I'.n-tl.  ixrtoniiantt^   an; 
( ncol  iliem  i\i  a  timjif 
a  plae.-  ot  p  lite  rc'.uri 

iluirthc-,  S  cliapcls,  ; 
;r  Dutkli  I'louiuiius,  7 
jiR-  Icr  ineiiiodill-,  .'  loi 
hulit  iliapcis.  1  IciL-  ;ue 
;  ili.it  at  LluU'ea,  tnr  in- 
witli  ganlciis,  built  ami 
ioti)iial  lor  luiiatics,cri.ci- 

.iikI  leveial  other  cliaii- 

ly  iti  tlv   whole  kiii;j,iloiii  J 
h)  air,  ami  i-  ver)  tiuitli-l 

ill  this  luiinty,  is  lltuittJ 
U-,  about  J.O  links  lioiu 
ivo  parts  by  ilic  (aiil  rivtr, 
It  Loiivtnieiit  bml;;-' 
tauKHis  tuiiiity,  bui  u  !uj 
Hill  the  I'JW  laiiiK  are  w.U 
julit.uii .  arc  loiiie  ot  tlmli; 
,  which  aie  very  bcauli.ol 
h  loniei',raiKlaiul  .Uloiulli- 
■iiiarkablc  amon^  the  1  uter 
kcili-oiirt,  which  huiii  tlie 
us  iirodii;ious  height,  and 
s  i;  e  iioiKc  ot  a  traveller, 
o  ti-ct,  ot   which   iQo  arc 

aiiic  to  tlie  county,  i-i  rc- 
bcil  ale  in  the  kingdom, 
npanie-i  ol  loot,  and  a  kind 
loiiili  ol  the  liver  Leitriin; 
IS  la  carrying  provilioii-.  i.i 

)  ib  htuated  to  the  Uulh  ol 
1,  cut  the  r.nl  v.itiou''.  In 
1  p>)or,  but  in  odier-  it  ii 
lis. 

the  county,  is  a  larg'*,  an- 
louthol  ill-:  ^^lani-.  Here  ii 
Is  ol  a  coiiliderabk  burilieii, 
laiucs  olloot,  wuii   a  very 

county,  and,  in    ^Tcneral, 
part    ol   It  arc  very  liojlgv. 

Lit    the  ci'Uiity,  and,  belal^'j 

troop  I't  l.oi.e. 

iViilc  coiiiuy.  aboundi'i-;  in 

)t  catiie.     Aiuien:!}  it  had 

.IS  ^ovuncd. 

,    IS  htuated  on  the  IJoyne; 

ark.ible,  except  banacks  tor 


•  ■i 


I 


West- 


M 


i 


m 


i* 


I 


N 


EUROPE.] 


EUROPEAN     ISLANDS. 


i 


Wi  ST-Mi  ATI!  contains  a  pre^t  many  rivers,  lakes, 
and  l)o;j,s;  but  wlim  tlic  land  is  tree  from  tlufc  it  is 
abinulaiuly  ftitilc. 

Mullingai,  the  i  hid  tciwn,  is  fniall,  but  very  com- 
p.i(^l,  and  contains  lianacks  lor  a  troop  of  horff. 

Aihlone  is  a  toli'ral)li.'  };ood  town,  fituatcd  on  tlie 
Shannon,  anil  has  a  calllc  and  garrifon. 

KiNo's-CouNTV  (whiiii  takes  its  name  from  king 
IMnhp  ol  Spain,  luilb.inii  toqueen  Mary)  was  formerly 
lull  ofl)oe,s;  but  It  IS  now  well  drained  ami  culti- 
vatal. 

I'liiiip's-Town,  (11  King's  Town,  the  capital  of  the 
county,  had  i.jriir.'riy  atslllc;  but  it  hath  not  at  prefent 
any  thing  rtiiiaikablc  except  barracks  for  a  company 
ol  loot. 

Q^'i- 1  n's-C"oi  NTY  was  ancii-ntly  full  of  bogs  and 
wouils  bat  it  is  now  tolerably  well  cnclofcd,  Lultivatcd, 
»nd  inh.ibilod. 

Mirvboroui;h  or  Queen's  Town,  the  capital  of  tl-  • 
county,  ic  eived  its  name  from  queen  Mary,  wife  of 
Philip  ol  Spain,     h  has  barracks  for  a  troop  of  horle. 

K  1  LKi. NNV  is  one  of  the  mod  healthful,  plealant,  and 
pojuilous  counties  ot  Ireland.  It  is  divided,  as  ii  were, 
into  two  ])arts,  by  the  river  Neor,  or  Nura,  which  has 
its  lource  from  ihofe  lolly  mountains  called  the  Slieu- 
bloom,  (>r  Blandiiie-hillb. 

Kilkeii'iV,  the  tapital,  took  its  name  from  the  cell 
or  ihurih  ,  !  Conu  ,  who  was  an  eminent  hermit  in  this 
couniy.  It  is  the  fiat  <jf  a  bifliop,  and  is  divided  in- 
to the  I'.nghlh  ami  Irilh  towns.  The  former  is  by  far 
the  ir.oll  c  inliileraiile,  the  other  being  only  a  kind  of 
fiiburb'.  Hoth  together  make  one  ol  the  largell,  moll 
wealthy,  populous,  and  trading  t  jwns  in  the  king- 
tlom.  Here  are  barrai  ks  for  a  trooj)  ol  horle  and  four 
coIn[1anie^  of  f  )ot,  and  a  well  endowed  free  Ichool, 
<  ailed  the  college.  Moll  of  the  llreels  are  paved  with 
a  very  good  lort  of  black  marliie,  (of  which  they 
have  huge  i[uarrics  near  the  town,)  which  takes  a 
lull  p.'lilli,  and  is  beautifully  intermixed  with  white 
granite. 

Ku.iiAHE  county  is  liiuated  to  the  louth  of  Eaft 
Meatli,  and  is  in  general,  very  rich  and  fertile. 

Kildare,  the  lapital,  is  the  Ice  of  a  bilhop,  who  has 
prccedeiue  of  all  the  Irilh  bilhops  except  that  of 
Kleuli.  hi  the  neighbourhood  is  a  plain,  called  ihe 
CuiT  vi'jh,  admuably  adajited  for  the  purjiofe  of 
raung. 

Cahlow  ciuiiuv  IS  chiifly  lituated  between  the  rivers 
Barrow  and  Slane.  It  enjoys  a  whoklome  air,  and  pro- 
duces good  corn  and  grals. 

Carlow,  the  county  town.  Hands  on  the  Barrow,  and 
contains  biirraeks  lor  a  troop  of  liorfc,  with  an  an- 
tient  callle. 

i\U'NSTI'.lv  was  a  pitiy  kingdom  of  iti'cll,  before 
the  I'.nglilh  iiiv^ided  and  coiupiered  Ireland.  The  air 
IS  temperate  and  licalihlul.  As  to  the  foil,  the  plains 
and  valliis,  where  properly  cultivated,  are  Iniittul 
Ixitli  in  corn  and  gral's;  bu'  the  mountains  arc  bleak 
and  barren.  Great  n\imber$  of  cattle  are  fed  here; 
and  it  is  well  lupplied  with  lilh,  elpecially  cod  and 
hei rings.  '1  he  counties  lontaincd  in  this  pro\ince  are 
as  follow  ; 

The  lou.ty  "f  Cork  is  the  larged  in  the  kingdom. 
Though  a  loi.fulerable  part  of  it  is  l'>oggy,  mountain- 
ous and  barren,  yet  by  the  indullry  of  the  inhabitants, 
it  is  pretty  w,  11 1  ultiv.ited  and  improved,  and  contains 
fewral  towr.s  anii  liarbunis. 

Cork  IS  n.uih  ih.  latgell  and  moll  populous  city  in 
the  kini'^dom,  ncxi  to  the  capital.  It  is  encompall'ed 
not  only  by  w;,lls,  but  .ilo  by  the  channel  of  the  river 
F.ee,  over  whiih  there  are  I'eveial  bridges.  Cork  is  an 
cp.ilc-ipd  li:e,  and  a  iiiy  of  great  tride,  (iluatid  I  •; 
miles  up  the  river.  'I'hough  lin.ilki  vefl'els  can  conie 
up  to  the  ijuay,  yet  the  larger  generally  ride  at  a  place 
called  Pallage.  The  city,  together  with  its  liberiies, 
makes  a  county,  and  is  governed  by  a  mayor,  alder- 
men, .ind  lluiiU's.  It  has  the  moll  trade  of  any  to'\  11 
ill  the  kingdom,  pa;t!i.uLirly  iii  bid,  butter,  and  tal- 
N5.  vSj. 


low,  of  which  great  quantities  are  exported  to  foreign 
paits  ;  and  many  thips,  bound  to  the  Well-Indies,  put 
in  here  to  victual.  It  had  formerly  leveral  abbies,  and 
his  now  many  handlome  public  llruftures,  particularly 
a  cathedral,  cuflom-houic,  and  two  gates,  one  on  the 
north,  and  the  other  on  the  fouth.  Its  churches  are  un- 
exce|)tionably  the  neatefl,  and  the  moll  clega:'.tly  linilh- 
ed,  of  any  in  the  kingdom. 

Kinlale,  fituated  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ranor, 
is  reckoned  the  third  town  in  the  kingdom,  and  only  in- 
terior to  Cork  in  point  of  trade.  The  town  is  neat, 
well-built,  and  ftrongly  lortiticd  with  line-,  and  out- 
works. Cireat  eiuantities  ol  provilions  are  Ihipped  olF 
f'om  lienee  to  hlunders,  Holland,  Erancc,  and  other 
torcign  parts. 

Ki.RRY  is,  in  general,  a  very  mountainous,  barren, 
and  dreary  county  ;  but  the  foil  of  lome  particular  I'pois 
is  fruitful,  elpecially  in  corn  and  grafs. 

Tralee,  the  county  town,  is  fituated  on  a  bay  of  the 
lame  name;  but  doth  not  contain  any  thing  that  merita 
particular  notice. 

The  gieatell  curiofify  in  this  county  is  the  lake  of 
Killarney,  laid  to  be  the  moll  beaulitui,  perhaps,  in  the 
world.  It  is  furrounded  with  one  continued  range  of 
lofty  mountains,  '•-■cks,  and  precipices,  the  immcnie 
declivities  of  winch  are  covered  with  woods,  intermixed 
with  ever-greens,  from  neaily  their  tops  down  to  the 
verge  of  the  lake.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
lake  are  many  feats  and  villas,  and  the  remains  of  an 
old  abbey,  which  are  well  deferviiig  the  notice  of  a  tra- 
veller. 

LiMER  ICK.  county  contains  leveral  lofty  mountains, 
one  of  which,  called  Knock-Patrick,  affords  a  very 
Hne  profpe:t  of  the  lea,  the  Shannon,  and  the  adjacent 
country. 

Limerick,  which  gives  name  to  the  county,  is  the 
fee  of  a  birtiop,  and  a  very  llrong,  handlome  town.  Ir 
(lands  upon  the  Shannon,  which  is  navigable  hirlhips 
of  burtlen  almollup  to  the  city,  though  fituated  aboi.c 
')0  miles  from  its  mouth.  The  city  is  divided  into  two 
parts,  both  of  which  are  llrongly  fortilieil  with  walls, 
I  allies,  ballion^,  and  bulwarks,  with  draw-bridges  upon 
the  river.  Here  is  a  line  cathedral,  and  barracks  for  22 
companies  of  toot. 

TirriRARV  is,  in  general,  a  very  ieriile  county ; 
but  the  northern  part  of  it  is  mjuntainous,  and  the  air 
bleak  and  unwliolelome. 

Clonmell,  the  county  town,  is  litu.itcd  on  the  banks 
of  the  Suir.  Here  are  barrai  ks  lor  i  wo  trooi>s  of  horfe, 
and  a  good  market.  The  town  is  walled,  neat,  and  po- 
pulous, and  Iws  aftrong  jail  and  a  c  ,urt-houle. 

Watkrfori)  county  is  chielly  level;  notwiihftand- 
ing  whiih  a  great  part  of  it  is  barren,  and  the  air  thick 
and  unwholefome. 

The  town  ol  VVatertord  was  lirfl  built  by  certain  pi- 
rates of  Norway,  and  h.ath  been  a  bilhop's  fee  ever  (wkc 
the  ye.ir  10^6.'  Till  it  was  eclipled  hy  Cork,  it  was 
accounted  the  fecond  city  in  tli.- kingdom  for  ir.ide, 
wealth,  and  poi'uloufnel's,  being  fituated  on  a  fine  har- 
bour, and  dclendcd  on  the  e.itl  lide  In  Duiicuinon  f  nt. 
Here  is  a  tine  cathedral.  The  citv  carrier  ow  a  great 
trade,  particularly  with  I'.nglaml;  and  lliips  of  bur- 
den come  up  ch'fe  to  it^  quay,  whiih  is  one  of  the 
finell  in  I'airope.  The  haven  extends  near  eight  miles, 

ine,  and  is  but  little  encumbered  with 

The   city,  and  its   libiriies,  make  a 

_. There  is  a  cit.adcl  on  the  well   lide, 

and  on  the  call  a  bl  ick-houfe  and  llore-houfe. 

CONN.^LlJlir  15  the  moll  mountainous  ol  the 
lour  provinces  into  which  Ireland  i>  divided.  It  is  the 
leall  cultivated  and  ciiclnfed,  the  thinnell  of  inhabi- 
tants and  thole  the  mod  ignorant  and  ur.pohnied. 
Cjia/inu  is  the  chief  employment  ol  ilie  pial.uit-.  Im- 
menl'e  numbers  of  Ihcep  and  bull  cks  are  bred  here, 
particularly  in  I  he  counties  of  Cl.i:e  and  Cialway.  It 
alio  ac.uunds  in  horfes,  gtme,  vciiion,  honey,  and 
hi'Aks;  and  is  well  lupphed  uith  iiili,  hiving  many 
co'ive;iie;.t  b.ivs  and  creeks  on  the  coail,  and  l.ve- 
11  U  '»' 


almoll  111  a  ili.ut 
rocks  or  lands, 
dillinct  county. 


,t  *  ' 


J 


'V  1 


,,r;#if 


il     1 


!A  V 


r^ 


I  ' 


li,  w 


^h 


9.U 


A  Nl'.W.  ROYAL  ano  AUTI  ll-NTl'"  SYSTr.M  ok  rXIVTRSAL  r.F.OGRArilY. 


r.il  riviTS  nirticiil.irlv  til'.*  Slianniiii,  Mn.S.i  '.,  O'o-  j  kinj^'s  ilomiiiion'-.   li  i>  kijit  tuicc  a  year,  :uul  ckIi  tinu" 

los  a::d   CiUl.     I'lii-   I'loviiKV  i.aiUAiii->  ill--      ;l''Aiiiii  |    i-omiiuiv!  a  wuck. 

toiintii."-.  •       I.Ki  1 1;  I  M  n'Uiitv  i^  very  niounlaiiioiis,  hut  iioleil  tur 

Gai.vvay  i>tlic  kiri;i'!l  couiitv.noxt  to  Cork,  in  tlic  i    y,ra/iiii;  v.ill  lituh  <it  i.utlc. 

w'luli-  kiii'tdoT.;  ,'.:nl,'i:i  iM'.cral,  vcrv  t'lriili.-  in  oini,  ■          llic  kumi,  uIikIi  givc^  iiaim-  to  the  tdimty,  i-.  flun- 

iialturo  anil  lattU'.  icil  near  ihi- Sliannnn.      It  ^\a^  tonucily  a  toxTahlcgoud 

TIk- envoi  ( iaU\av,\vhiclis;ivcMianu- 1. 1  till- oHiniv,  Ioaii,  hut  b  lunv  u,ieatl\  lieeayetl. 

b  t'eau'l  i'n  ;i  r.oli!e   h.p  ,  having  ir.anv  liarbours  an.l  ',       'lo  the   li>reLioin>;   ^;eiit;nii.iiiiai    <lek  ri|i(i<)n  of  Irc- 

naiUoneverviiLle.  |[i^;iver\  neat,  llruivi, and  lloiiii.h-  himi,  we  lliall  ailil  tlie  t.'IKnsm^    t:i\)le,  exiiilntinj;,  ;it 

ini'Citv:  and  adniirablv   litualed  tor   trade,   nol    only  •     one\ieu,   the    names  ot'  the  rtl]e.nive  eoimties,  their 


Itiv.'Mi,   l'ri..\'.ltii,    iliiet    to.wi--,  and  the  nuiubers  they 
reljieeiively  lend  to  [larliamtni . 


<.:■»  ,tii-,. 

I  Jone^al 

Londonderry 

Antrim 

I'yrone 

{•'eruiaiiai;!- 

C\nan 

Monaghan 

Arinai^ii 

Do  An 

Dublin 

l.Olltll 

Wieklow 
W'extortl 
I  .on-^ti  .id 
Kail  Meat h 
WVll-Meath 
King's  County 
Qi^ieen'-County 
Kilkenny 
Kildarc 
Carlow 
K    i  Cork 
S    I    Kerrv 
;;;  ■[    l.imeritk 
!  j^    i    'ripjHTarv 
;  '^        'A  iileiloid 

J   (  ( iahvav 
!    =    '   CLire 
!    ij    '    ^iii>o 
.;?    1    Mavo 
'^    '    Roleomnion 
■J    ^  ,  Lei  hi  111 


H;..l'        C',.lT,.»n, 

55  l)ones;al 

i''..i.., 

;()    30  Londonderry 

S 

4(1    27  ('arriekteit;iis 

KJ 

do    j^  Oni.itih 

10 

;o  '  '4  liwiilkiilin 

4 

4;  1  1:,  C.ivan 

d 

;.;  ]  ;o  Mon,M!iian 

4 

)i\-i  ,\n;,,yh 

d 

44:  ^j  D  i.m:  I'atr.ek 
2d  1  1  1  Dui)!.'i 

'4 
1  0 

;.  !  ;;  Dr  .^'i.da 

10 

T,l     ,    2.%     \\   ll  riO.V 

J  •'  ••    \\rxt.>rd 

10 
18 

.      I  .ongford 

10 

-•  ^  Trim 

:c  Mii!!i.-.-fr 

14 

1  0 

4^ 

.'0  l'hi!i[)'s-to'.vn 

6 

40 

;o  Mary  horoii^li 
.'.o  Kilkenny 

S 
16 

.^  7 

2S 

..'.^  K  Marc' 
1  8  C\i;iovv 

10 

H; 

;o  Coris. 

2''l 

6  c 

47:l'r.;!eo 

s 

40 

i-j  LimerieK. 

8 

(.ol  •/>  Clenniell 

8 

4" 

Si 

■4  W  .iteiKiivi 
4S  1  i.ilA-ay 

8 

40 

;S  F.nnis 

2 

4.:  Mi\() 

8 

44 

iS  Leitriin 

6 

to  Lranee  and  S;->a:!i,  init  allii  to  the  Well  Indi.s. 
The  biuklini.'s  IkuIi  public  and  private,  are  (.'yneially  , 
ot'  iLni.-,  and  handlome.  The  harbour  is  about  f.vo  . 
ini'es  Irom  the  el;v,  towhiili  the  goods  are  broiis'Jit 
in  lialit-Ts.  line  .uv  !■l:■;■,u'-.^  for  t^\i<  eompai.iek  ot 
loot.  'I'lie  eitv  i^  w  died,  and  was  once  the  lee  ot  a 
bilhop,  but  i>  now  Miniii  the  aichbilliopnc  ot  luani. 
It  caiT;e-  on  a  veiy  toaiid.  ral'le  hernnj,-lil!-.erv,  and  is 
a'iii  •;'  the  onl\  place  U|).\i  llii>  coaib  ihat  has  anv  \o- 
rei,;;i  trade. 

"I'tiani  ha5  been  tlie  lee  ol' an  arelibiiliop  ever  lince 
the  bejiinnin.ciJt  the  I'th  centurv. 

Ct  ARE  eountv  1k'.>  a  t!;oodairand  loi!,  but  contain-, 
veiv  tcA   towns.      Tiie    molt  remarkable   ^    Cl.iie,  lo 
called  trom  Rii  lurd  and  Thom.is  i!e  Clare,  y.  air.^er  Ions  , 
o;  ;!ie  earl  ot  Ciloueel'ier,  to  whom  {■Ai.vard  1.  gave  tiie 
countv.     At  this  place  are  barracks  tor  two  lompanie^ 

ot  tOi)t. 

Lnnis  is  the  county  to.vii,  and  by  much  ilie  lull  inn, 
ll.'.nJmi;  ab  )ut  two  mile^  trom  Dublm.  li  i--  liiualed 
o:i  a  lake  formed  b\  tlic  Sliannon,  i.  a  neat  pLiLC,  and 
ll.;    a  ijood  maiki!. 

Kili.iloe.  abillv;.'s  lee,  with  the  pri\  !'.\;r-  of  a  fiir 
and  market,  !la:-..ls  0:1  the  S'nannon.  '1  iie  dioceie  is 
\jr.  l.-.rs;.',  c  iniai.ii  il;  i^i  parilli  churilu--,  beliiies 
tliaiv!-."  A  little  t  '  the  \'>v.i\\  ot  thi^  town  i^  ,1  ridge  ot 
rvk-,  which  run  i.;'.r.te  .acro;>  th.-  nver  Sluiuvin,  and 
iLip  all  luvii^atton  farther  iij).  \ 

Si.  ii-.ois  a  vcrv  mount  iinous  countv,  and,  in   the 
p',.'.ins  and  v.iilie  ,  t;;e  air  is  very  unwhoiflome,  owiiy   ' 
to  their  beini;  full  ol  bop,'.     The  toil,  wiieiv  it   i.^  free   ,i 
fr  Ml  lakes  and  f-:^.-,  i.- toler.ibly  i^ood,  mA   lit   either   i. 
iv7  ^.■■a/.lnJ;  or  til'.a^,'.  ; 

Si^.j,),   tiie  ca;/;!a'.   iLind.  on  \  bar,  to  wiki.  ii  it  gives    ' 
name,  a^ -.veil  a- lii.' coutity.      liionj,!!  11  a  lar^e,  it  is 
p'-etiv  popu'.our,  a'ld  ha-  an  old   '  uUe  ;   ba'  a-  trad.- 
I-  ineo'iiki-raiile  ;  n"-.  .vith;'.  in.linj,  ;'>  harb  ''.ir  i^  lo  deej)   i 
li.at  ll-.ipsot  ;c.o  t  .  1   bur;  hen  ean  ,  ome  up  10  ihetpiay.     j 

l:it!iehill,  01  r.iiii.r  r. 'ikiot  t'orrcn,  ill  ihi^couniy,  |: 
iiiiT,  :l;'an'>e  i.av.^  .:n  i  i.i  ..Ik's  Irue  been  vli\  overeii.  || 
riie'  are  eaile  i  t'v    '-iia:".l  .-iiou;e^   and  lujipoied  to  be    ,     Manm-yi,    C:i,hm>,    l.anru.v./.,     Rcji:::'!,    (h\fr>iire>!t, 

C'i.     ij     the    I'i'Jf.'i'f     I't'ilui. 

Till',  [irelent  defiendant^  "f  the  (jld  irilli,  or,  as 
they  ,ire  uliiallv  termed,  liie  \\  ild  liilli,  are  ge- 
neralv  lepTeleiited  as  an  ir;iui:.int  and  uiicivili/ei| 
lort  of  !eo])le.  To  till-  liiav  be  attributed  thole  .iiU 
of  lava.;c  cruelty  lo  tretiuent  in  this  country ,  x-  well  as 
the  irregul.uitiei  atteiahiij;  all  tluir  public  meetings, 
V, I'.i.  h  .;Mieral!y  end  in  bknjdllied.  M.un  of  their  fur- 
name.-  I.ive  an  (),  or  Mav ,  plu  ed  Ik  ."re  in  in,  whiili 

[  om;;;i!\     th.-    I'  wa.s  llled 


SECTION     m. 


tn.-  -.'... .k-  ot  tlie  n.-i'.>. 

Mwovuunt-.  .li.  u'id-   in   1.'..  ,  and,  0:1  o'le  tide, 
i- I  :,>  l..:.d  b\  til.  k  I.      I   .-■.I.-;    iioill  and  old,  eljie- 
.i..l\   up  n  the    m..rili)n-,  wl.v  re  tlie  lo,',   i,  .liui  jHi.ir 
.1'!  1  ».oiiie;   but  Iniiii-  'jlli.-r  p•^rt^  there  i-- r.ood  |i.ilUir 
a.   '.    wilii  herd;  ■  !     ittle  and  ir. :  r. 

.Anions  rlie  l.ik.'  md  rivers  ia  t'.iis  eounty  abound- 
i.i..;  .Mill  lilh,  parii.wlarlv  l.ilm on,  1  Lou 'li-.M  ilk,  a 
l.i'.e  II  miles  lop^'  uid  live  bro'id.  On  th-bi;,kso|' 
tin-  lake  fl'rm  r  ■.  l;\eel  the  ( l.ilo'^laH'e-,  a  )h  .pii- de- 
l'..i.,ir  1  fr,..i.  the  ~^v"t-  o!  the  W  eliern  ill    .   •'.:.  )  u'ecj    ,     f,  initv  "-randlon    .;;u 


t.i  ;',,■', I  1:1    ,.i.t^   oS    III. 1,1    w,lh    t.vo-edpid    1  ..til. -a.xe-. 

M,.  .,  I;;:  ...u.,iy  I'M;!,  Hands  on  t!i.  Ii.rl-i  ot 
Slis'.'.  .1'  till-  m  'U'.h  ot  tlie  river  ,Moy.  ll  a.i-  eiliee 
n  b'.ili  I'l'.  :  .  ,  hu;  tilt  biili  .ipri,  hath  liecri  l.:n.'  tiniv 
an:.  ■.■  1  1      I'l;  cu. 

C..r.i  .:.   r.e  I  :■.!'.    parliiinv-ii'iry    Imr.'iuJi   ni  tie- 


(. .  1  ii\ .    1 . 


.1 


\'\  lluir  chieis  I'lilv,  or  huh  a.- jiaiued  tluniMvos  upon 
the  antii;uit\  01  tlicir  f.mnlie'..  'Iheii  miiiie  i'-theba;;- 
pijie,  but  their  tunes  are  gen:ially  of  a  melaticiioly 
ftraui.  In  the  interior  parts  of  the  king.ijiii  fmif  it 
t!;.  iioM  eulbims  Hill  puvail,  i,.uticul.iu\  iheir  liineiai 
h.r.'.hnr  •  Ti.ey  |'a\  little  refperi  to  the  Sabbath,  the 
i.riiu  i;  .u  part  of  the  d.iy  bein-.i  )n:rj.ned  t  'air.utemeiilsi 
.iiid  in  t  e  evening  tlicy  alitii  ble  .it  jM,!)iic  lioui.  s,  when 
ll.ev  Ciiue  lo  t Ik-  bagpipe,  wi.uh  generill\  lerniinatiS 
ii,  I !.  I  a. id  deb.uivi'.ery . 

'1  iie  i.ir.inion  Iritli,   in  their  manner  ol  livin;.'^,  leein 

,,  to  r.luiible  the  an,ieiit  niiloiv,  ,is  ilili  rib.-d  bv  R.:maii 

R'  ;,'.  111. moll,  the  cc'iinh  to.,  n.  \\  .1  very  in'.ienilieaiit  ; ,  author- ,  or  the  prek  ni  Iniliaii  Inh.ibit.mis  o|  .■Xmeiua. 

|.l-,..  !'  Mean  hi. li,  or  cabins,  built  of  J.,v  aiid_lir.i'.\ ,  |).initi- 

i;.i 'nr.-'^lo.-,  .1  ima'.l  to.vn  in  t!a£  c  .unty,  i-,  iMi..iik-  1'  uiiid   m  the   mid. He    by  a,  wail  uf  tlu  tame  mat -rl.ib, 

lib!-.-    !  1:  l,..vin^   ;he  lar-.ll  i..  alt  01    ll^..^  l-ir-.  i:.  the       ft.-,-.:  -he  Juubic   [.ii.|.jle--   cl   ..eiuaiuiodaiiii^   the  ta- 

,;  luily, 


K 


i;n-  i'  irra*  k     t-ir    a  ir.ioj)  ol  i.  ,::■. ,  and 
h;;'e  I  .    -.  v.hili  f.ii;    ill!  >  L'.i.  •!•  i.   r.w. 

'  ;i'i,e  .ur ;. 

(l-.r,  .III',: '.  i-.e  !' .11 '. :  ..  1  ;  1.  .-.1}  o*  gra'  , '.'.nli  ioin- '...rn. 
1:  i-  eni:.:!-d  on  tlic  11  .rdi  br  tiie  Curle.v  .M..,i.:'.i.iiii', 
v.hieh  .irr  vi-ry  hi  -Ji  an. I  Ih  .  p. 


on 

',co\tMo.-r  1    .1  \.',\  h-  ilfhy  e'-unf. 


1 


cont 
(ion 
I' rot  I 

tow  I 

t-Vl.  1 

for 

inlfi 

Lnt: 

dat. 

niai 

dulli' 

try 

beei 

thel 


bilh 

i.in. 

C.ill 

tic. 

til' 

fuel 

[;  .V 
(i.l 

low; 
niai 

tlu 


r.I.OflRAPIIY. 

.  K\'  a  yc.ir,  :iiul  lacli  tiilic" 

ouiitaiiioiis,  hut  noted  lur 

K-  to  tlie  tiumtv,  !•'  fiiiii- 
tiirini.iiy  a  toitrahlc  j^oud 
,  I'l  i . 

liiial    (li.'li.ri|iti(iii  ot    Irc-- 

i>t>    talil;-,   (.'xiiihiliiiu,  at 

ril]r>"tivi-  fiuiiiiics,  iIk  ir 

b,  aiul  iIr-  iiKiubtii  liny 


EUROPR.] 


E  U  R  O  P  E  A  N"     I S  L  A  N'  D  S. 


^35 


I'j'i.j 

.  .!  '       i    i  1  T.  Mil. 

\i,  -1. 

;5  l)(>iK,;al 

11 

',o  I  AiiKloiulL'rry 

S 

J-  CaniiktiTgiis 

10 

JT  Om.ij^li 

10 

'4  Iiitulkillin 

4 

^^  ('.i\aii 

(, 

j,o  Moii:!glian 

4 

1  7  .-Vrriia;.'!! 

6 

,;j  D  .A!:  Citritk 

14 

i;  I.)ul)!.:i 

1  3 

1,;  !>r  .v-ai!a 

10 

2H    W'iikio.V 

10 

•■   Wcxtord 

18 

1  ."nij/ord 

10 

"5  Trim 

14 

:o  .Mu!!ii-.;;fr 

10 

10  Phi!;[)'i-to>vn 

U 

;o  Maryhoroiij,li 

S 

.'.o  Kilkenny 

16 

.;  ;  K     iarc 

10 

1  S  ('  i:  I'lvv 

(> 

;o  <,'..i-iv 

if> 

47 ;  1  '■■■'■ '^■'■' 

s 

zj  t.iiiH'ricic 

8 

5fi  C.'Ionnicll 

S 

'4  A\  atcrU)rd 

13 

4S  (ialvav 

s 

;H  Kniiis' 

2 

;?.;  '^"^" 

4 

4J   Ma.) 

2 

:t>  Rd'.'cin'-ivn 

8 

iH  1.1,'^triiii 

6 

ON     111. 

.!:^i',    Rt'/iiij'i,    (h\fr>iu:ent, 
uf/c  I.J   Irciaui. 

ml .  i'l    i'h'  <jld  Irilli,  or,  as 

ltd,  liir   H  lid   lull),    .ifi'  gc- 

ii^imrant    and    Ulicivili/,C(J 

ia\  \k  attnhuivii  tliolc  ails 

,t  111  tins  country ,  a    will  as 

;  all  ilu  ir  [iiili'ir  iiu'cmius, 

iddK-d.      ,M.iM\  .it  ila-ir  (ur- 

I'lu  lu  lK:"rc  I'l  Ml,  '.vhali 

[■'ii!r.;Li!\    ill.'  I)  Wis  utu'd 

li  a.-  [liijiK'd  lluniUlvos  uimii 

I  liiir  iiHiiK  !•■  ilii'  hii;- 

tltirialh    ol   .1  nulanclioly 

IS  ut  tlu'  kinpi  .1111   l-niit.'   A 

,ii,  i,.iiiii.u!aii\  iliL'ir  liiiu-ial 

ri-l']K\'i  to  till-  .Sa!)lmili,  ilic 

i;i  )n:;.LlK-dt  'U'.'.ulouiflitsi 

r.'b'.i;  .11  jn.!)ik-  lioiu^s,  \sIkii 

\sl.iili  ;i;cncrill\  Kriniiiatis 

Ik-ir  iiiaiilar  ol  livin;_'j,  Iccin 
OH' ,  as  dill  rilK'ii  hy  R.idiaii 
iaii  iiili.ihiiaiils  ot  .Aiiiiiiui. 
lit  of  ( i  v  an  i  liraw,  I'ariiti- 
'.vail  ol  till  laiiK'  mat  ■rl.d^, 
(.'t  .ii.(.uiuinodatiii^  the  ta- 
luilv, 


niily,  who  live  and  fleop  proniifcuoufly,  liavini';  their 
lires  ot  iiirt  in  tlic  middle  ot  thelioor,  with  an  openiiiu; 
lliroiit;li  the  root'  tor  a  chimney  ;  the  other  beinj;  occ.i- 
pieil  by  a  cow,  or  luch  pieces  ot  turniturc  as  are  not  in 
iiiiinedi.ite  \i!e. 

Their  wealth  conlilii  of  a  tov,  ibmclinies  a  hort'e, 
foiiie  poiilliy,  and  a  tj.i'i  tor  |)oiatoes.  Coarle  hre.ul, 
polaloe",  eggs,  milk,  am!  lonietimes  lilli,  conllitute 
their  lood  :  tor  however  plentiriilly  I  he  fields  may  be 
lloeked  with  cattle,  ihey  leldom  talle  butcher's  meat  of 
any  kinil.  Their  ciiildren  Ic.ireely  knnv  the  ule  of 
tk)atlis,  and  are  not  alhameti  to  gaze  ujion  flraiiijers, 
or  make  their  ajtpeaiance  upon  the  roads  in  a  llate  ot 
mere  nakedm  (s. 

'I"he  ;j,uury,  and  belter  liin  ot'  the  Irilli  nation  in  ee- 
ner.il,  dill'er  wry  lillL'  in  lani;uai;e,  drels,  mannel^, 
and  culbiiiistrom  thole  ot  the  lame  rank  in  (beat  [}ri- 
tiin,  .iiid  are  generally  reprelenteil  as  being  very  hol- 
(iiiable. 

The  lans^ua'je  of  the  Irilli  is  tundamentally  the  lame 
With  the  Briiilh  or  Welch,  and  a  ilialec'i  ot  the  Celtic, 
v^hicii  is  made  ule  (>l  by  the  Scotch  Hij;hlaii<leis,  op- 
polite  the  inlhcoails.  It  is,  however,  inagreat  mea- 
iiire  detai  ed  bv  provincial  alteration,  but  not  to  chargeil 
as  to  render  the  Irifli,  Weli  h,  and  Highlaiv.lers,  un- 
inlelli.;ible  to  each  other.  The  native  lan;;ua;4e  is  only 
fpokeii  by  the  pealanis  ami  lower  lort  ot  jieople,  ihote 
of  tlie  c.ipit.il  and  [)rincijal  places  uling  the  Eng- 
lill). 

Iivland  lias  produced  many  perlon'^,  whole  genius 
and  l.arning  would  iiave  done  honour  lo  any  nation. 
An-.ongfl  tliele  might  be  enumer.it eti.arciibilhop  L'lher, 
Bilhop  Ikrkeley,  Mr.  H  lyle.  Dr.  Leland,  teverai  ot' 
tlie  earls  ot  Orrery,  Sir  Richard  Steile,  Dean  Swit'i, 
Dein  Parnel,  I'arquhar,  Congreve,  Sterne,  and  (iold- 
fmitli,  &.C.  all  ot  whom  Hand  high  in  the  republic  of 
letters,  anil  rellert  a  creilit  on  their  country. 

'I'liecllablillied  religion  and  ecclell.illieal  dilcipline, 
of  Ireland,  i.->  the  t'a.nc  with  that  of  I'.ngland.  But  among 
the  bulk  ot  the  people,  in  tlie  moll  uncultiv.ated  |)arts, 
Popery,  and  that  too  of  tiie  moll  ablurd,  illiberal  kiml, 
is  prevalent .  Tiie  Irilh  i'apills  llill  retain  their  nomin.il 
hilliops  and  dignitaries,  who  tublill  on  the  voluntary 
contrilninonsol  iheirvoiarie?.  But  evenllielilind  lubiuil- 
fion  of  the  laller  to  their  dcr  y  does  not  prevent 
Protelbntilin  tn^m  making  lome  progrefs  there  in 
towns  anil  lommuniiies.  (ireat  etl'orts  have  lieeninade 
evir  time  the  time  of  fames  1.  in  creeling  free  fchools 
for  civilizing  and  converting  the  Irilli  I'apilb.  The 
inllitulion  of  the  incorporated  t'uciety  for  promoting 
Englilh  Prolellant  working  Ichools,  ihougii  ot  no  older 
date  tiian  1718,  h  is  been  amazingly  fuccefslul,  as  have 
many  inllitutionk  of  tlie  lame  kind,  in  introducing  in- 
dullvy  aiui  kno','. ledge  among  the  Irith.  and  no  coun- 
try can  lliew  greaier  publu-lpirited  eflbrt-.  than  h.ive 
been  m.ule  by  the  Irilli  governmeiii  fuiic  thai  time  t'or 
thefe  pur|«.)les. 

Belides  the  Protellant  and  Popilli  religions,  ihis 
kingdom  contains  at  leaf!  as  many  ledaries  as  Eng- 
laiul,  parliculariy  prelbyterians,  bajnills  quakers,  and 
tuetiiod.ll.,  who  are  all  of  them  connived  it  and   tole- 

r.lted. 

Tliegovernme.il  of  tlie  chureli  is  under  tour  arch- 
hilhoiis,  vi/.  of  Arm.igli,  who  is  primate  of  all  Ire- 
land; of  Dublin,  whol- I'-led  jirimale  of  Ireland .  of 
Cafliell,  and  Tuain.  Thefe  arlllbi^nojl^  have  under 
them  20  luirrae-i:.',  whole  lees  aie,  in  geiier.il,  well 
endowed. 

■There  I-- bill  on.  univerliU  if  a  (  ollege  can  be  called 
fiich)  ;n  tiiewh  .ie  k::..;d.iUi,  wliiili  i^  th.it  ot  Dublin. 
It  was  founde.l  b\  iju...!  f.'.'-.ibetii,  and  at  preli.il  011- 
liils  of  a  pr.iv.ill,'  l'i\in  Un,  .r.  ar.d  thuieeii  junior  1.1- 
lows  ;i:k1  leventy  1,  hol.n-  <<f  the  honle,  who  h...ve 
maintenance  up.m  the  found.ition.  The  vilitors  are 
the  clKineellor,  vice-chaneell.ir,  and  the  archbilhop  ot 

Dublin. 

As    Irfland   i     Inbonhinl.'  lo  h.iig'.'.nd,   th'' govern- 

Jhe  km;,  lends  a  vi^e- 


I  roy,  who  is  llile.i  lord-lieiitenr.nl,  and  who  conies  as 

near  the  grandeur  and  dignity  ot  a  king  as  r'.ny  vicenvy 

,  in  Chrillendom,     Toaflill  him  on  all  occalions  lie  has 

.-I  privy-couniil,  compoled  of  ih.'  o.Ticers  of  tlate,  and 

lucli.jthers  ashismijelly  is  jileafid  to  appoint      The 

padiament  is  convemd,  prorogued,  and  diliblved,  at 

the  pleafure  of  liic    king.     TJuring    firmer  reigns  ihc 

lame  parliament  continued  till  the  death  of  tlie  king;  but 

by    a  late    acl  a  new  one  is   to  be  chol'eii  every  eight 

,  years.     'The  laws  made  by  tiie  parliament  here  are  tent. 

to  England  tor  the  roy.il  approliation ;  when,  ii  a|)pr.]V- 

j  ed  of  by  his  m.ajefly  and  council,  they  pal's  the  Great 

'  Seal  of  I'aigland,  and  are  returiud. 

The  feveral  orders  aiitl  degrees  of  tlie  people  and  no- 
bility are  nuicli  the  lame  here  as  in  T.ngl.ind ;  as  are 
'  alio  the  com  Is   of  jultice,   the  terms   and   maiiiier  ot 
proceeding,  aflizes,  lulliccs  of  the  peace,  6cc. 

The  ne\e  order  of  St.  Patrick  was  inllitutcd  T'eb.  5; 
anil  the  indallation  ot  t!ie  tiilt  knigh.ls  was  p.erloinied 
on  the  ijtli  olMarch.  i7!-;3.     It  coniid,  of  the   liive- 
reign,  and  1:^  oilier  knight- lonipanions.  'The  knights 
are  inllalled  in  tlie  cathe.iral  of  St.  Patrick,   Dublin. 
I  The  b.ulge  is  three  crowns  united  together  on  a  ciofs, 
j  with  the  motto  n'und,   (liii;,  l'c<in\tb':t  r  i  78J,  tallencil 
I  by  an  Irilli  harj)  to  the  crov. n  impedai. 
i       With  reljii.-t  10  the  Commerce  ot  Ireland,  her  chi  f 
\  exports   C(4ilill  ol  liiieii-cloiii,  \arn,    lawn,  and  cam- 
bricks,  which  are  eiuour.iged  liy    the   Englilh  g  ivern- 
'  ment.     Wool  and  baj  yarn  are  all  wed  bv  law  to  bij 
\  ex[iorted  10  Tlngland  only  ;  but  great  quantities  ot  both 
are  liiiug.,!ed  into  other  countries.      The  other  cxport9 
I  are  liortes,  black-cattle,  beet,  pork,  green  hides,   lijmc 
'  tanned  leather,  dried  calf  ikins,  lallow,  flutter,  candles, 
I  cheelL,  ox   and  cow  horns,  o.^-hair,  horle-hair,  hcr- 
'  lings,  dried  lilli,  rabbit-ikins,   clter-ikins,  goat-flvins, 
i   &c.     '1' he  chief  articles   ol  tiieir  imijortation  are  wine, 
!  brandy,  tobacco,  fjiices,  hops,  co.ils,  c.>).])er,  block-tin, 
;  lead,  Welt-In'.ii.i  commodities,  mercer_\',  grocer\',  and 
1  habenlalliery  goods. 

I        '\'W  coins  iili.l  here  are  the  lame  with  tlioleof  Eiig- 
,'  land,  ^tlie   Irilli  having   no   mint;)  but  they  diti'er  111 
their  denomination,    an   JMiglilh    lliiiling  palling  tor 
thirteen-pence,  a  guinea  lor   il.  2s.  yd.  and  lo  ot' the 
oitieroin  in  |  roporiion. 
I       'The  jirincii.al  matters  reLitiv.;  t:.  t'.ie  Hillorv  A  Ire- 
land  have  been   already   notiic.l   in  that  of  England. 
I  We  Ih.ill  therefore  only  |ire!erve  a  lev,  particul.irs  iv- 
i  lative  to  the  origin  ot   its   inh.ibitanis.     Settinj;  aliil- 
!  the  ridiculous  legeiub  and  labie-- ot   the  Irilh,  with  re- 
.  fpert  to  their  aniiquit\,  it  kiiiv    h';g''!\  lealimable  lu 
\  conclude  that  tliccoiuitry  w.u  linl  |-  .>i'Lii  trom  Bri- 
tain. There  is  no  great  iv.ilon  to  bJi.  ve,  th.li  it  wavever 
conouend  b\- the  R.niiaii;,   nouvil;. ■.Lindingwh.it  hatli 
been  alie.iged  to  the  cor.l.arv.      '1  o.wirds    the  deeiitie 
of  the  Roman  empire  a  colony  of  Scots  f.egan  to  in.k<; 
a  great  ligure  in  Ireland,  whence  it  ac.niiiLil  the  iiamo 
'1  ol  Scoti.i.      Tins  colonv  is  luppoled  to  li.ive  comeoiigi- 
iially  trom  Spain.  'The  illand  was  atteris.irds  hanalil'il  by 
the   Norwegian',  and   S.ixons;  I'.ut  never  entirely  lub- 
dued   till   llenrv    II.   king  of   f.ngi.md,  m.ide  himlelt' 
mailer  ot' it,     b  Ii.iili  been  ev^r  liiice  lubjecl  t.)  the 
kings  ot' England,  who  were  only  lt;i';eil  lords  ot  Ireland, 
nil  the  title  K-\\  Ling  wa^  bello'.ved  on  Tlerii'y  Vlll.  by 
the  llates  ol'tlie  realm  in  parliament  aliembied. 

MINOR    ISEAND.'s, 

sriiuoi'.MM  Nc.    .^^!)   .\  v  r  i.r  1  \in  i.vo   to 

( i :;  I-;  \  1     B  ■  1  1  .\  I  N . 


Mlb,   Illan,l.>f  Anoi.f 
coiiiuv  ol  Noiih  \\  al 


14  br.  lad,  a 


i;v    i--  the   tn.ill  wellern 
h   in  i.\  \v\'w>  I'lig. 


te; 


ids  oiu-  member  to  parliament.  The 
river  Mini  lepar.ites  it  I'r.im  Caeinirvonilure ;  and  on 
every  li.le  il  is  turrounded  by  the  lea.  It  ibounds  in 
corn,  cattle,  lilh,  fowls,  ^a'.  pr.'.lu.ei  mill-lloiies, 
i',riii.!(l.ines,   albelos  or    mtiiiitaiii  l!a.\,    copper-ore, 

Beaumiri', 


.my  oker,  white  tl.iy,  i^c. 


1(11' ;|k: 


936 


A  NEW.  ROYAL  avd  AUTHENTIC  SYSTFM  of  rNIVF.RSAL  cr.OGRAPMT. 


im 


-S 


,  ii         '1 


W-  iiil 


Beaumaris, 242  miles  from  Lnmlon,  :i  liintlloinc  well 
built  town,  on  the  eaft  tide  ot  the  ill.uul,  ii;is  a  ^ooil 
harbour  for  (hips,  a  very  handfomc  cliurch  with  Ibmc 
fine  monuments  of  the  Bulkeley  tainily,  aiul  the 
Knights  Templars.  It  was  forme.ly  lortiticJ  with 
a  llrong  caillc  built  by  Edward  1.  the  luiiis  of  which 
Hill  remain. 

Holy-Head,  2S  miles  from  Beaumaris,  and  .-44  tiom 
London,  is  the  ftation  for  the  packet  boat  to  litliiul. 
being  the  nearell  land  to  Dublin.  It  is  tlie  in.il  wd- 
tern  point  of  Anglcfey,  but  is  a  little  iflatul  ol  u!elt, 
and  has  a  fmall  village,  called,  in  Welch,  Caer  (iybi, 
conllfting  of  a  heapof  ftr.tgglinghoule'  built  on  rocks; 
but  feveral  of  them  have  very  comlortalile  accommo- 
dations for  pafll'iigeis,  both  with  icgard  to  ioil;,'jni; 
and  clict.  The  chur>.li  was  tornicrly  coiiegKitc,  and 
fininded  by  one  Rccius  a  hermit,  about  the  \iar  650. 
The  walls  of  the  ciiurch  arc  the  remains  ot  a  Hritilh 
fortification,  built  a'oout  the  year  430,  by  Cal'wallon 
Law  hire,  Lord  ol  AiiL,Ll"cy. 

The  Ifle  of  Wight  is  reckoned  a  part  ot  H.-iniplhire, 
thnin;h  it  IS  near  ^  miles  from  the  Nbiin  Lunl.  It  is 
22  miles  long,  1 1  broad,  and  is  diviiled  into  ;c  p.uilhes. 
The  air  is  p'ue  and  heahhful,  iuui  tlic  (oil  (o  ricli,  as 
t'>  proil'.-.LC  corn  cniU.gli  in  one  yc;ir  to  fcrve  it  I'lvcm. 
Through  tlie  muMIc  ot  the  ifland  runs  a  ridge  of  l^ftv 
hills,  which  not  only  all'ord  plentitui  palhirc,  but  a  de- 
lightful proipeCt  ol  the  fea.  The  vales  below  con- 
fill  cf  meadow  and  corn-fields;  nor  is  the  coafl  def- 
tituteofnatur.il  curiofitiesiand  here  is  excellent  filh  of 
various  kinds.  The  extremities  of  the  coaft,  on  the  fouih 
and  weft  fides,  are  very  rocky;  and  welhvard,  not 
far  trom  the  lliore,  are  ihofe  rocks  called  the  Needles, 
from  their  fliarpnefs.  Fartherto  the  Ibuthward  are  the 
Shinglesi  at  both  which  places  the  ifland  is  inaccef- 
fible ,  and  where  it  is  almoft  level,  as  it  is  towards  the 
i'outh-eall.  it  is  fortified  by  art. 

Newport,  the  principal  town  in  the  ifland,  is  a  verv 
ancient  borough,  and  a  large  populous  place,  greatly 
er.nclud  bv  its  plenty  and  commerce,  which  the  in- 
luibitants  have  not  tailed  to  improve:  and  as  they  arc 
gro'-vn  very  p'llitc,  they  have  levelled  and  new  pitched 
the  town,  jiofteiland  jiaved  it  with  broad  floiie,  about 
five  feet  tiom  the  houles,  for  to^t  palllngcrs ;  tor  being 
tl'.e  i>nlv  market  town,  it  i-  otten  very  much  crowded. 
Cowes  river  is  navigable  tor  harge^  to  Newjiori  i[uav, 
which  extends  iifeli  rmiml  great  p.irt  ot  the  tiwn,  and 
renlers  their  flnpping  goods  from  the  llore-houtes  very 
commodiou'  The  iV.eets  are  regular  and  uniform, 
meeting  at  riglit  angle.  The  corn,  beaft,  and  butter 
miuket-  are  krpt  in  (tiftiiidf  ti|uares,  very  large  and  com- 
modious. 'I'Ih'  buildings  are  greatly  improved,  but 
neither  giand  o;  regular. 

Caritbrook,  a  I'mall  village,  about  a  mile  from  New- 
port, is  famous  lor  a  lallle,  built  about  the  time  of  the 
Norman  conipicft,  whuh  was  the  relidtnce  of  the  an- 
cient lorils  ot  the  ifland.  It  is  now  greatly  decayed  by 
time;  but  the  intrenchment  without  the  walls,  the 
many  euriotitics  wiihiii,  and  the  extenfive  profpcct  it 
aflords,  render  it  one  of  thegreatcft  lutiofities  in  the 
illand.  Here  king  Charles  1.  was  confined  till  remov- 
ed to  Hurlt  caftle.  Cowes  is  a  remarkable  port  and 
harbour  at  the  mouth  of  Newport  river. 

St.  Helen's  lies  at  the  eall  end  of  the  iflantl,  1 2  mihs 
from  Newport.  It  is  only  remarkable  tor  its  io.ad, 
which  :5  laige  enough  to  coiitaiii  the  whole  naw  ol 
Lngland. 

The  IilaniN  v^!  "sc  1  llv  have  beenalwavs  detnud  p.irl 
ot  Corneal!.  riie\  conlill  nf  about  140  Imall  illands, 
30  luilcs  frv-.ii  the  Land'^  End,  the  larjicll  ot  which, 
called  St.  Muy's  is  nine  miles  in  circuiiueience.  It 
lu:  a  good  h-irbour  uiJ  a  c.dUe,  Hands  hh;li,  and  i^ 
ir.uic  triiitli.l  than  the  rcll.  Seveial  ot  thele  illand-  arc 
"Vertiowid  at  high  water;  fomc  ot  tli.ni  bear  good 
corn-,  .indcthcis  abound  with  rat:,hii^,  (i.iii  ,  herons, 
Uc.     They  fornieily  wen.  rich  in  tin  lu.ius,  but  ilicie 


are  no  velli^es  remaining.  The  Phoenicians,  Carth.i- 
gmians,  an  1  Romans  trcqucnied  tlicfe  iflands.  They 
aie  lituited  m  the  nfuldle,  betwixt  the  liiiftol  Channel 
on  the  nuiih,  and  Knglilh  Channel  on  the  foiiili,  fotliat 
It  i'.  tv<  wonder  tluy  have  proved  the  dellnidioii  i,\  (o 
many  ihip^  and  lives.  Here  Sir  Cloiidcfly  Shovel 
met  his  muih  lamenieil  talc,  Oc'tober  22,  1707,  (iixat 
pain>  well-  taken  to  U\  the  luiuidc,  and  afiiil  the 
maiUKTi  U)  avoid  ihele  illan.l  ,  by  Hi.  Hallty. 

'llie  111  o(  Man,  in  the  liilli  Sea.  is  30  miles  lone, 
8  bro.id,  and  ctnit.iins  1;  iiarilhes.  The  toil  i-.  fertile, 
and  the  air  good.  1  lerc  is  a  bilhop,  calleil  the  biihop 
ol  .'iotU)r  and  Man,  Init  he  his  nut  a  voiee  in  the 
Britilh  p.*rliaiiieiit.  Tiie  commodities  arc  wool,  hides, 
and  tallow. 

Calile  i'own  i-  the  metro[-ni)Js  wf.erc  the  governor 
keeps  hi^  court,  and  where  the  couit;  ol  julbcc  arc 
held.  The  calile  is  buill  ot  m.irble,  and  lurioundtd 
Willi  two  bio.id  w.ills  and  a  moat, over  uhich  is  a  draw- 
brulge;  and  adjoining  to  it,  within  the  walls,  is  a 
liii.ill  to\'.er,  where  llatc  priloncrs  were  formerly  con- 
tiiiid. 

Douglas,  lltiiatcd  on  the  wellern  coalL  isthe  moft  po- 
pul'U^  town,  and  has  the  befl  market  in  the  illand.  It 
h:is  increalcd  in  trade,  and  proportionally  in  buildings. 
T[w  harbour  is  oneot  the  bell  in  the  Britilh  dominions. 

I'ecl,  liiuated  on  the  wetlern  coaft,  is  a  place  of  con- 
fuleialile  trade.  Upon  a  liuall  illand  dole  to  the  town 
is  I'eel-caftic,  one  of  the  ftifingcll  in  the  world,  and 
has  .1  garrilon  in  il.  The  illand  on  which  it  (lands  is  a 
ftupendous  rock,  inaccelTible  iVoma.l  cjuaiters  but  that 
ot  the  tov\n,  Iromwhiih  it  1  I'eparated  by  a  narrow 
Itrait,  firdable  in  low  tides.  Within  one  of  the 
churclivs  IS  a  chaptl  appropriated  to  the  ufe  of  the  bi- 
lliopv  and  unde:ne.ith  the  ch.ipel  is  a  dungeon,  or 
priloii,  lor  oU'enders,  one  of  tf.e  motl  dreadful  pl.iris 
ot  contineuient  that  imas'iiiation  ran  form.  The  caUlc 
is  a  magniliceiit  ftru:tuie;  and  the  [no([xc\  o|  tiicfci 
and  the  llup^,  which,  bv  rca'on  01  th.-  v.ill  height,  ap- 
I'.ar  like  buoys  lloaling  "U  i!ie  w,i\c  ,  till  the  mind  of 
the  Ipeciai'i  wiih  the  utiivill  aft  •  iilhment. 

The  IlleolMaii,  ihoujii  h.ld  by  the  Hritilli  crown, 
was,  till  ol  late,  no  pail  ol  the  kin;_;dotu  ol  (ireai  Uii- 
taiii;  but  wa^  governed  liy  its  own  laws  and  cullonii, 
under  the  hereditiuv  dominiin  of  a  lord,  who  lormerly 
had  the  title  o!  king,  and  who,  though  he  long  ago 
waved  that  title,  was  to  the  lall  iinetled  with  regal 
rights  and  ;  lerogativcs.  But,  in  the  year  17^15,  forthc 
turther  and  moie  eflU'tiiidly  preventing  the  milchiets 
ariling  to  the  revenue  and  eMiiniuri,e  ot  fiieat  Britain 
and  Ireland,  trom  the  illicit  ami  clanilelline  iiade  car- 
ried on  to  and  from  the  llle  of  Man,  it  wa-- thought  ex- 
pedient to  Veil  m  the  crownall  lights  nirildie'lions, and 
intcrclls,  111  and  over  the  l.ud  illaiul,  aiul  .ill  itsdepm- 
Jencies  holden  hy  the  proprietur,  the  duke  ol  Athol; 
who  then  liareiulered  the  l.ime,  exeeiHing  emly  his 
landed  property,  anel  the  patronage  of  the  bilhopric  of 
Soelor  ami  Man,  the  teni[ioialiiies  e)f  the  lame  when 
vacant,  aiul  all  pairnnagcs  aiiel  cce  leli  iftii  al  henclices. 
L'poiuhh  anncxatieni  of  the  illanel,tlie  lum  ot  -ei.oocl. 
wis  paid  as  lull  con.penlati'in  to  th.e  i>ro])iie!or,  ac- 
cording to  his  own  [iropola's  to  the  lommiiliemers  ol 
the  trealury.  This  contr.ict  was  executed  by  both 
parties  unehr  the  authmiiy  of  [laili.uncnt,  April  19, 
i-'ic.  Bcloie  the  fonih  promuntiy  "1  Man  is  a  In - 
tic  illand  eallcel  the  Call  m\  .Mm.  It  i^  about  thiec 
miles  in  circuit,  and  le  pai.ited  iroiu  .Man  by  a  channel, 
.11  out  twe)  turlong^  bioaii. 


Th  Hehrides,  or  Wisiirn  Isrrs,  are  llattertd 
in  the  Ueucaleelonian  Sea,  to  il.e  ii>  iih-\ecft  ot  Scoi- 
laiid,  ot  which  kihg<!om  iliev  miilbtiite  a  pi.it,  andaie 
lituated  between  55  and  M9el'-'g.  ol  nutlh  lat.  They  are 
eompiited  10  exeeed  joJ  in  iiiir.ib  i,aiid  eoiit.iiii  alwut 
;e),cuo  inhalniaiii- .  The  air  13  eulJ,  ilu  a]ip.':iiancc 
(Ileal y,  anel  many  parts  ii.ountaiii'ius,  ■,\hK  ii  jnuelucc 
he..!l;,  wild    '.nville-,    '^lab,    \c     lui   odier  diiliuis 

vehicli 


i 


ous 

l.r. 


II  US 

V.'  1 : 1 

(■.i.;i|, 
ne'.illy 
111'  'Ves 

WC'.'l' 

"11; 
di'll  ■ 
blgei 
e\  I  S, 

laig.- 
1  oiiies 
the  111 
niiin  ; 
with 
bl.ick 

ill.U! 

jhoii. 


OGRAPHT. 

riie  Pha-niti.ins,  C.irtli.v 
ued  thcfc  iilands.  Tliey 
twixt  tlic  Briflol  ClianncI 
niiel  on  tlic  Idulli,  lotliat 
vtil  ilic  ilcllruclioii  u\  (q 
re  Sir  Cliiiuli-'dy  fihovcl 
Oifiiibci  22,1707.  (iriat 
:  laiiunlc,  and  afiui  ilic 
',  hy  Dr.  ILlky. 

ill)  S^M,  IS  30  mill  '^  li'Mi!, 
illKb.  Tlu-  loll  i  tc-riiii.', 
lalliop,  calleil  tlic  I'iilioi) 
has  not  a  viiitc  in  tlic 
noilitics  arc  wool,   linJi'<, 

nilis,  wliere  the  governor 
the  couits  ot  jiillice  arc 
iiKuhlc,  anti  lurroumltd 
oat.ovc-r  uhich  is  a  draw- 
t,  within  the  walls,  is  a 
oners  were  formerly  con- 

•fl;rn  coaft,  isthe  moll  po- 
ll market  in  the  illam).  It 
-oportionally  in  biiiUlmis. 
1  in  the  Britilh  tlominions. 
n  coall,  is  a  place  of  con- 
Ul  idand  elolo  to  the  town 
inL'cIl  in  the  woild,  and 
Hid  on  which  it  Ihinils  is  a 
'  from  all  quarter?  but  that 

1    {(.-paratcd  by  a  narrow 
e^.     Within    one  ot"   the 
iated  to  the  life  of  the  bi- 
eh.ipel   1"=   a  dungeon,  01 
'ttu-   mull   drtadlul  pl.'xis 
tion  ran  lorni.    The  ea'uC 
md  the  prolpecl  <>t  tiicfei 
I'on  oi  th.-  vail  height,  ap- 
!ic  \v.i\^  ,  lill  the  mind  <jf 
I  ail'iilhmeiu. 
hold  hy  the  Hntiili  rrcwn, 
the  kini;dom  ot  (Ircai  Bn- 
its  own  laws  ami  cullonii, 
in  ot  a  lord,  who  torinerly 
who,  though  he  long  ago 
le  lall  invclled  with  regal 
ut,  in  the  year  1765,  for  die 
y  preventing  the  inilchicfs 
■.ininHrie  ot  fneat  Britain 

and  clandcdine  trade  car- 
ol Man,  it  wa-tiioiighttx- 
all  lights  uuirdK-lions,  and 
id  idand,  and  all  itsdcp^n- 
rietor,   the  duke  of  Athol ; 

lame,  exeeiiting  only  his 
,t!onage  of  the  bilhopric  of 
poialuii-s  ot  the  lame  when 
andccilrliitlKal  benclices. 
•  illand,ilie  lum  of-o.oocl. 
ai'in  to  ih.e  [)ropne:ur,  ae- 
a's  to  the  lominulioners  ol 
let   was  executed   by    both 

of  parliament,  April  19, 
iromonfry  nf  Mm  is  a  In  - 
j|  M.m.  It  1'^  about  ihuc 
ted  irom  Man  by  a  ehannel. 


sriRN  IsLLS,  are  fcattrred 
to  ll.e  n-ith-well  of  Scot- 
lev  loiillitutea  p.at,  and  are 
|deg.  ol  nuiih  lat.  'Ihcy  are 
I  numb  i,and  lOhlain  abotil 
air  13  eolJ,  the  app.'aiancc 
lOuntainoiis,  vvlmii  [irodiicc 
.,  t>:c  i  ui  o.hcr  I'.illiKts, 
which 


El'ROPE.l 


K  U  R  O  P  E  A  N      I  S  L  A   NT  T)  S. 


o;7 


whiih  are  ciiirlvated,  and  manured  with  lea-weed,  \  ie'  I 
pleniitiil  crops  ol  oat^and  bailey.  Hire  :iie  but  very 
i  vv  llirubs  or  trees,  but  plenty  of  pot-lrrb  ,  ino!  , 
timples,  and  meiiicinal  plants;  tome  le;d  mine  ,  mai- 
ble,  limi-ltone,  tree-done,  iron,  talc,  eryllals,  and  main 
(  urious  pebbles,  l-'uel  is  learce,  the  chiel  being  peat. 
The  hortes  are  Imall,  but  llrong,  hardy,  and  nimble. 
Tlic  blark  cattle  are  ot  a  Imall  li/.e,  but  good  eat  in;:. 
The  (beep  are  prohtic;  but  the  lambs  Ireiiuentiv  l)c- 
conic  a  |)rev  to  the  ea^ile.  All  ilomellie  animals,  poul- 
try, wild-fowl,  lea-toui,  birds  ot  pre\ ,  Ke.  abound. 
The  teapiodnci-  whales,  Icals,  and  moll  oth^r  lilh  in 
i;real  al'niulaiue. 

The  peopli  mhaliiiing  llv.ie  iflands  are  of  ihe  I'.me 
race  with  thole  wlm  live  in  the  Highlands  ot  Seoilaiid, 
l|.(.ak  the  laiiie  language,  wear  the  lame  habi',  and 
ci'lervc  the  tame  lulli'iir.  Tluy  arc,  in  general, 
llron'j,  vii;ori'Us,  and  healthy;  their  conllitutions  be- 
i;u'  ibxled  with  labour,  and  puicrvtd  by  tempciance. 
I  he  belter  fort  I'f  the  Highhmders  live  lii-.e  their 
ntigti'our';  but  the  common  people  are  \\  ret.  liediv 
lodt'ed,  in  p.il'iy  cottages  or  cabins,  lunli  of  lool'e 
Itones  .uid  mud, and  thatclieil  \\ilh  I'raw.  Their  p.ir- 
titioiis  arc  no  other  than  a  kind  ot  li',::dle,pl.u!lercd  witii 
cl.iv  .  'I'I'.ev  h.vveneiilkr  gl.'.l-.  in  then  winilows,  or 
any  Dlher  I  hi'iinev  than  a  hole  in  the  middle  oi  the 
rtjot.  through  .vhich  the  Imoak  linds  it'-  w.iy.  imine- 
di.itelv  und.  r  tiii-  aperture  is  a  heaitl:,  m.ule  o! 
tione.  upon  whii  h  thcv  Inirii  wo.id.  pe.i! ,  or  tins,  the 
fm.j.'.is  I't  wh'ih  lilis  the  who'c  liiule  in  In.  h  .1  manner, 
ih.it  .1  ilranger,  unaeeiilioined  to  the  .uiiuiyaiiee,  wou'd 
Ik  in  d.inger  ot  lufioi atlon.  Around  the  hearth,  in 
told  w either,  the  tamily  lit  or  lie,  and  work  or  iKcp, 
as  ucialion  requires.  At  the  farther  end  of  the  tame 
houleiheiatile  are  Hailed;  and  it  is  not  at  all  uncom- 
mon to  tee  the  e.ilves,  the  pig-,  and  the  children.  King 
together  promiluioufl'/.  Tlieie  people  are  utier  iban- 
ge'rs  to  cleanlinefs.  Thev  are  extremely  flutiilh  in 
their  lunifes,  and  filihv  m  their  peil"ns;  and  this  im- 
poriiy  i-,  in  all  likelihood,  one  gre.'.t  caufe  ot  thai  in- 
ve'' rate  itdi  with  whi>h  they  .ire  lo  gener.illy  in- 
f.iled. 

In  parti.ul.iri/ing  the  Ilel.iidt-,  we  lliall  l-egm  with 
St.  K  Ida,  which  1-  onl\  li\e  mile-  in  .  ir,  e.;r.t- reiue, 
and  li',ua:ed  in  ;S  deg.  ot  noiili  lat. 

The  whok-  itiand  is  one  h.uilroi  k,  iliviJ.ed  mlo 
four  high  m ount.iiiis.tliinlv  o'Vereil  will:  b'.i'  i-.  mould, 
except  o.itlietop',  wlier^  the  loil  i  tlnee  le- 1  il  \p. 
The  hill^  aie  clouhed  v.  iili  Ih.'rt  grai  ,  uhiji  yi-ld- 
good  pal'u'a^c  to  th.  h  if-,  e.iItK,  a::d  iheep;  .uul 
t"he  vadie  ot  ar.iMe  land  produce  large  crop.s  ot  e\'  '•!- 
lent  bull-'..  The  whole  illand  ;.w,aluiallv  tiiK.d  wiih 
peipeno;  ul.-.r  rocl.s,  except  ai  .i','  bay  t"  the  touili- 
eali,  al-.'aii  halt  anii!.'  oro.ul.  wh  re  there  is  g.  ncrally 
fne'i  a  I'aml'hng  lur!  ind  '.agingtei,  ihit  no  veilel  c.ui 
aneliorwuh  any  le.iir.tv .  The  I'lily  l.uv.hngpla' e  is 
(,n  the  n.irtii  lids  o\  this  lav,  and  exiiemeiy  i'..'L/.ard- 
ous;  lor  it  is  -iMth  great  liiiiieully  that  .1  boat  can  be 
broujlu  to  the  tide  ot  a  llii'.pery  rock, on  whiehhetlni 
la.nds  mult  nimpwilh  un.ommon  i.xerlion.  1  hc.e  e, 
iiiorcov.r.  ;i  Im.iU  bay  en  the  well  ndeol  tlie  illand,  m 
wiiuh  loin-  s.li.l-  take  Iheltir  when  the  wind  is  at 
f 'i.th,  or  bl  ws  iioni  tie  noith-eall  :  but  the  lea  is  ge- 
nerally !■'  im'peiuo,i,  .ill  lound,  that  il  tieo,ii'.  lulv  le- 
iiMVes   IragiiHUls  ot  loik-  aiid    llme^  o!  a  prodigiou- 

we'.d't. 

1  he  '.ea-f/wl. which  aic  here  v..'ry  numerous,  may  be 
dillin^uiilv.dintoih.leiiill'ereni  ti.e.iss:  th>  ;ji,er-lowl. 


nell  among  the  rocks  wii.'i  frrafs,  lays 
its  young.aiid,  wlr.-nchey  .ire  iledgeil, 


iger  than  a  goole. 


ot  a  black  cofuir,  red  .iboiii   tiu       ih 


exi's,  with  111  Ml  win.',-,  and  a  broad  lull,  \v.     a  v-.y 
Ip.tt  d   e'j,u,  ai.J.  I'.atehc.  it  on  the  b.ire  rock; 


rll  of  jMiv,anddep;irts  almoin 


l.l! 

t  oiiies  l.illin  about  ilu  1 
the  middl'  ol  June.  The  Solan  g  'ole  eouai:>i:.e.  uiii- 
mon  goole  in  11/  .and  rcl'embles  11  m  lliaiv  .aid  i "loin  , 
wlth'dns  dilVerenee,  thai  the  up  otthewni"-  are 
bl.iek,  and  the  top  of  the  head  yellow  :  ib.e  bill  is  long, 
lli.iii,  and  crooked  at  the  I'oiiit-,  th.t  legs  are  black  and 
llioii,  and  the  bird  1.  web  looted.     It  cullies  liiiher  m 

No.  yo. 


?\l.irc!i.  build-  It' 

its  eggs,  I'.ati  h.' 

retires  in  Augull  or  September. 

'i'he  inhabitani'  ol  St.  Kilda  are  originally  deleend- 
c^l  from  the  i>eop!e  ot  the  Harries,  and  adjaeent  ilLs, 
Like  ihele  thev  fpcak  ih  •  fate  langutge  in  purity,  and 
protcb  the  Cliritiiaii  reli^Jon.  The\  live  io:;''i  iicr  in 
a  fm. ill  village,  liluatcd  in  a  bottom  among  hills,  and 
eonipolid  of  low,  wretil-.ed  collages,  the  thaieh  and 
root  being  tcciired  b\  llraw  ropes,  with  doni'  h:tn;>,in!r 
.It  the  end  of  them.  All  the  animals  on  the  maia 
lanrl,  inclii('ing  dogs,  cats,  and  even  wild-fowl,  arc 
Ipotted.  Their  arable  land  is  iliviiled  into  tin  ei]iial 
j>.ut-,  and  thele  again  are  lubdividcd,  according  to  the 
number  ol  t.imilie^.  They  manure  the  laa  I  with  a 
compoll  ol  turt  allies,  nib-vcd  vwihllraw  and  mine,  and 
atld  to  this  the  boius  and  entrail'.ot  the  lea-lowl.  They 
ploii'di  with  a  Imall  crooked  inllrunieiit,  fo'.v  their 
i'arky  ven  thick,  and  reap  an  harvell  ot't«cnlv  fdd. 
The  lea-coad  furnillies  ihein  with  plent\'  of  e'.d,  hng, 
m.uk.irel,  lieriing,aiul  all  tiieull.ei  Ipici'-  ol  lilli  com- 
mon to  the  lea.  Here  -in.  likeune  oticr  ami  feals; 
but  their  cliiet  iIlII;  ndaiuc,  l^r  lo' «!  .iiul  profit,  i- up. )ii 
ihe  fei-fov.l,  which  ihcy  uU'.limany  dillcr-nt  ways; 
but  tl'i-  e;n|lo\'nie:,t  liib'ecU  tiuni  to  tlie  m.)l1  im- 
min  'in  d.m",'.r  ;  tor  ti.  y  are  obhged  10  climb  r<'Cks, 
t!,L  V.  r\  light  of  v\liic!',  to  a  Ilranger,  w,iukl  till  him 
with  hoir, .|-. 

Sixiy  miles  to  the  ucliwarel  ot  St.  Kilda  is  tiie  L.cwi;, 
or,  L  'iig  lll.i;  d,  exteikling  lOo  miles  in  length  fruiu 
n-.irth  to  lo'jth,  and  t'lom  1 ,;  to  14  in  breadth.  It  eon- 
tills  of  a  great  number  ot  itles  and  rocks,  and  is  p;irte;] 
bv  the  lea  into  two  divition-,  called  Lewi-  and  Harries; 
the  f 'rmer  h  ing  to  the  wellward  oi  the  other. 

There  i;  a  conhderable  niimlicr  of  interior  ad'acent 
ifles  anil  rock-,  which  are  viliied  every  fummcr  by 
the  inhabitants  of  the  Lewi-,  who  go  tliith.r  in 
quell  of  towl-,  eggs,  down,  q'nll  ,  and  leather-,  as 
well  as  to  tlieer  or  kill  ilie  llieep  th.it  ate  kept  here  lot 
paibire. 

The   llle  "t  . 

L,e'.'.!s,  c.xiend-  .ibout  24  miles  in  length,  and.  in  lome 
plaei-,  ai-ou:  lix  in  breadth.  Th-'  air  .e  il  i  limale  are 
the  f.ime  wilU  thole  of  I  .ewis.  The  face  ot  the  ground 
is  rock\  and  mountainous,  covered  with  grals  anel 
bealh.  '  On  the  wdl  lidc,  however,  the  I '.nd  is  more 
llai  and  arable,  producing  (naiuralh  )  abun.iance  of 
elov.r  and  el.u:v,  which,  in  ihe  I'ummer,  perfumethe 
lir  Uiih  .in  agreeable  fr.igi.mce.  The  foil  is  dry  and 
l.'.n.iv  ;  but,  when  manured  with  le.i  weetl,  yields  very 
'.:reat  h.uv.  Il  i^i  oats,  r' e,  and  barley.  There  are 
di\.r.  frith  water  lakes  in  this  itiand,  abounding  witli 
trout,  eels,  and  fahnoii;  the  overplus  ot  every  lake 
being  dilehariged  into  tlie  tea,  by  .an  agreeable  lirpen- 
tiiie  river. 

Ani'  ngihe  larg'r  illandsofdie  Hebrides  we  rank  ilu; 
llle  of  Skie,  to  called  trom  Skianach,  which,  in  the  hale 
dialeet,  tignifies  winged;  becaufe  the  tuo  promonto- 
ries of  V'.i'lernefs  and'Trotternel'-,  by  whi.  h  it  is  bound- 
ed on  the  north-well  and  north-eai'r,  are  luppoled  ta_ 
relemble  wings.  The  itiand  lie-  baween  the  fliire  e>f 
Rols  anii  the  wellerii  part  of  Lew  i-, extending  40  miLs 
in  lenoth,  from  ivrtn  10  fouth;  in  fome  jilaecs  io,  and 
in  others  ;o,  in  breadtl  ,  the  eii'i  umterenee  of  the 
'.\liole  amountiig  to  .ib'iut  100.  Tlii-,  too,  iseom- 
poled  ot  ni.uo  diilereiii  itl.mds  ami  roeks.  'ihe  il-Ia-i-l 
of  Skie  1-  (M'.ideil  between  t\u-i  pro|vletors;  the  loutl;- 
ern  part  belongni'.',  to  the  land  01  Macleod;  Mtd 
ihe  northern  duhi'.-t,  -r  baionv  ot  Trotienief-,  b.ing 
the  pro]>eriy  o\  .1  Maci'onahl,  whole  aiuellor  was 
Donald,  king,  or  l-a'd  of  the  die-,  and  .hi  t  of  the 
numerous  cl.lii  of  M.iedonakls,  who  aie  loun'.e.l  'h; 
nv.ll  warlike  01  all  the  Highlanders.  Sk^e  i-  part  ot 
the  lliiie  of  Inv.  iiiels,  and  terntirlv  belong-d  to  the 
diocele  01  the  ille-.  On  the  f  auli  ir  i  parted  trom  th-J 
main  land  by  a  ihannel,  thiee  1.  .igue-  ui  breadth -, 
thout'h  .at  the  teiry  ol  (.Iciieliv  it  is  t'j  narrow,  that  a 
heard  c.'.lling  toi  the  li0..t,  frciu  c'ii«  tide 


Harries,  tijxirat.d  b\  a  ihannel  from 


m.iii  lu.iv  lie  iieare 


1 1 


i: 


t^ 


9,S       A  NIAV.  R(^YAT..  anp  AUTHr.NTIC  SYSTF.M  or  UVIVF.R^AT,  f,F,OGR,\rHY. 


m 

ifv,  .1 

I     ■ 


!li 


il'i'.  t  il^i^ 


ifi'li 


'-Si 


^•\tS'' 


w 


H II : 


'*?• 


t.)  iIk-  iiiIkt.  Sku-  I-  i^c'il  provulcd  wiili  .i  viridv  o' 
I'XvflKtit  l).\v^  ami  li.iib'nir-,  aivl  is  uwiDUii'lvil  by  m- 
Krior  ilK'  .  S  m  Hatiil,  lu  i!k  Imitliwaul,  !•-  live-  inilis 
iiuirca;i'.t^it!Ui-,  cxlul  innA  .i  ini\t\iii- ofluMlli,  Wiioti, 
moral-,  ami  pa.hiu-  urouml.  Oionla,  a  pcniiiluli  ai 
linv  watci,  inav  In.'  iiUmil  a  iuik-  iii  ciicuil,  aiul  i^  rc- 
niirkabU  iirtili.  'I'lu  lllc  ot  I'avhay,  more  to  llic 
noriliwaul,  umi  iiiil'.^  m  ll)n■.^1a^^,  proiluccs  i\i client 
nalUiic.  S.alp.i,  m  ilic  laincilirtolion.is  twiica'-  largo, 
j;vmrall\  iinuintainous  woo'l^,  anihMJl  watircil  with 
Ipriiii;-  anil  rivultt^.  On  thi  call  lidc  oi  the  illaiul  a 
llicani.  riini\in;.',  il  'uiiilic  laic  ot  a  ro>k,  pcinti.  -  mt" 
a  white  tabllaiiic.  ot  v,lii>  li  il:c  iiatiws  luak.  cxctlLiu 
linii-. 

Tin.  liua'lir  ami  kl's  conluUiablc  illaiuh  .  oiuaiiv,n;j 
litilc  tli.il  1-  HiiiaikiMc,  J  >  IV  t  111  rii  iKiiriinion. 
But  th  111 'il  cclcliMii'i!  iali  tlu  wcilciii  illaiuls  i- 
Joiia.  l.kc'.Mk-  called  St.  C>  iumb-kill,  troiu  St.  L'o- 
iuiiilxi,  wh' c'.iiif  liltlit  r  t.o'ii  Irclaiiil,  ami  vis  hcic 
buVMl.  Tiu  '.llaml  llict.  he  two  milis  in  ltiii;ili  liiini 
loiiili  to  !i  iiili,  in  the  nei.ilibi'iiiliooil  ot  Mull,  aiul  i- 
aboiit  ,1  niiL'  i'lcad  tr.'iu  call  to  well.  One  unl  ot  it 
L-  rocky  aiul  i  arr^n  ;  ilu  oilur  p'am,  arable,  ami 
fiuitiul.  TIk  ille  I't  lui.Ji,  uhali  i-  2j  nuK'^  in 
lenp.th,  ami  leveii  i  ro.ii!,  be'.  ■■  '^-  lo  the  Ari'.vb  la:iiilv  ; 
ami  itla,  to  the  wi  it  ot  b.na':!.  In'.  'n.j,>.  to  tlieCaniplKll 
ot  Shasvlielc!.  Cji,,'.v.  part  ..t  Mi  ■  lb.  rillUoniot  Aigvle. 
l'i,I,hi;-;i  t'  IT  nuies  in  len;'iii.  aiul  "ne  in  i'lcaillli. 
>iili.h  ^o  h1  luii'. -•'  ot  ;ai;.  .'.11,1  baile' ,  .uu!  ex.cllci'.! 
palUnage  loi- .  aitu. 

The  in.-  .  t  But.,  i'.\;  mil,)':  te;i  niiK  '  ii;  lcn.r'!i,  ap- 
p.-avs  on  the  ui.;l  l.tle  o'  CoamI,  1|(.)'ii  wIkiu;-  h  i 
I'ep.irauii  in-  .i  iiar,  w  (.hanrel.  I'art  oi  a  i-  i('tk\ 
ami  barren  ;  but,  tror.i  t'le  iiiuKile,  luutlnv.;riis,  ilk 
<;roiitul  !->  i.u;tiv.itiil,  a.ul  jmoUucC'  pe.ile,  o.ils,  .vml 
barley. 

Beiwcn  th.-  ill.-'  ot  Bute  ami  Kintirc,  tin-  lli.uul  m| 
Arran  pr.-k-:its  iilcit  to  the  view,  it  i>  hiphaml  inouii- 
laini'iii,  ati  rJ;r  j; -.'o.). I  jiaiiui.tp; -,  an^i  e\t-.-n  Iuil'.  .'.(. 
mile^  !io;ii  ii.nih  i.i  'iiuil-,  but  l^  lo  nariu-A  ih.u  t,  e 
bica-Jaii  U  aree  ar.iuu:U    lo  leven. 

The  0:!e  \!)i.s,  o;  Oikni.v  bl.Es,  lyino  i:i  ! .  e  C  - 
Lilonian  Sea,  iNlea^u.s  tio:ii  -Shetlan-,!,  be;.\e.n  ,;. 
ami  I'jtlej.  ol  l.'.l.  an. I  i  i  loni;.  Iroiii  Lonilon.  i  elw.eu 
1  i!eg.  ^'-  111-:!.  a:ul  ;  ik-i.  ,.  tiiin.  a'cciuul  il,  0:1  ill 
1-Hith,  li'ini  C  .ilhr.el-,  tii.  niotl  n  Mt-  in  |i  'ini  "t  S.,.t- 
laiiu,  b\  llie  IV  nil  i:i'l,  01  I'i.iLukI  1..;;,  'i  in  .z  :  1 
I  (>  mile;-  in  l.-e.uli'u  The\  .ii.  in  n.im.'Ci-  .-  o-.ii  :c: 
lui;  not  a'l  luli.ibit  A.  th  -  ■j.reater  !'.■■;  btnu  In;  li 
h-  liT.cs,  if.it  |M....lue.  nolhint;  b-,!t  pa'.iurai'e  lor  lii' e;i 
aii>l  •;  -.It-.  The  euire:!!--  ami  tule>  tii).'..nL'  bet--.i.e.; 
tiie  i!l.i-'..|'  are  exirenieb  ri|iiil;  a-i.l  111  the  heii.'!  imui- 
lii'i!  1-1  S.vinn.i  .'.re  t.-.  j  gi-.ai  -a  ii  i!|i')- - -,  ia!l-  1  t'e. 
\\  .  lb,  ol  Su'iina,  which  au  ( own:.  .1  .h-ir,-.;.  r^  us '  y  nii- 
rincr  .  il;  -.e-.allv  1:1  .1  t.-ilu.-  When  1 1  I-ms  ibiil  tii  in- 
libe-  lutK.  il  j:iti>  th.  vurle\»  lliev  tiiiewv  ov  r  ouil  a 
Lariei,  o;  lonie  lai.kv  .ubll..ne(-,  .-.  hieh  I  u  ><  ti.  the 
Vcrte.'.,  until  the-  VI  till  li.uh  p.ilivd,  l-i  be  I.'.  ]<t  <l  .wi 
to  the  iottuiii.  aiul  thro'.vn  ujiagtiu  u  a  r-'i'liiierable 
d..l.:i.e.  Win  !i  there  1  i  bicc/e  ot  w-m!,  ho  .e^er, 
thip-  c:ol~,  tliein  withuui  l.ai  or  helit.it.'  11. 

TIk  |-r,n'  ij-.tl  1(1  u:J  i>:  Shlti. asm)  ire  t'rfe;  M  .in- 
l.uiil,  H-u,',  il:e  Sk-.iri-',  Buii.iy,  \\h.i',:iy,  \  ml, 
Y.ll,  i'l'i.  .\-  .  M,uiil.ui-,l,  tx!.  iklin ', '..  uiil  ■  lu 
I'-liglh,  an  I  .;  ,.,  brvatli  li,  1  imleiueil  by  ,1 '.'le.il  nuui- 
b(  r  ot  ..-i'  ,  a:i-l  a-'M.imls  wuli  nic.;;(->.,  b-.ii'-,  an-i  iiioun- 
taiii-,  1-1  ihi;  '.  ibtiv/i.  iil.'j;t  (I  toi  p.illuiage  ihauLuin  : 
111-Vi.rthel  !>■.,  the  low  v.iouikh,  i.ear  the  ihore,  pio- 
d'.ic  uaib  ..ti  1  biiley.  ( )n  ihe  call  fvle  ul  the  ill.uid 
Ituuls  ii.e  pruicipal  town,  Lerauk,  contaiiiiiu'  about 
i  -o  t.iiniliis.  Tow  ircl'^  the  well  is  lituatetl  .S,  allo^ay, 
v.hi  h,  thouijh  very  tin. ill,  1  th  leai  of'  uuJiLature  ; 
•iml  hci'K  hk -wile  th.  pre|h\lciv  ot  Shetlaml  alieuble. 
J:  Wj-.  Miuirilv  (e-.  ure;l  bv  a  ealUc,  now  IjII' n  \uuj 
<l<;cu),  1.1  wfiii,li  iliei :  w.is  onic  a  g-irnlon  ot  Ein;liili 


IbUlier,  icp.t  tliithei  b'  Oliv- r  Croiuwell.  The  Ifl.iml 
ol  B-.itVa.  lituateilto  the  e.iil  .v  '.nl  ot'Munl  iml,  1^  ,ib  ut 
live  miles  long,  and  t  vo  in  breul  h  ;  h.i  '.  -nie  aiaM. 
i;ri)uiul,  and  t-w)  i  huc'-cs;  but  r  cliiel'v  ic:iiaika''ie 
lor  it  louml,  in  which  thep1e.1t  li.iriii-j,-rillu:v  is  ta;- 
iieii  on.  The  landloids  ii-.re  are  coiiliderabh  gr.nirs 
I'ly  leit.iij,  out  their  ground  ;mu1  Iioiile  lor  ihops  I'l  i!il- 
DiikIi  ami  1 1  riilnirghci-^.  'i'lie  .Sktrries,  Buiin-. 
Whallcy.  and  \'iil\,  are  incoini.krabk-  idands  the 
largell  an-l  1  ill  not  exceeding  eight  miles  in  Icngtii : 
but  all  ol  ihein  are  providcil  with  cluin  Irs;  ami  i;i 
\  o.ll  ilur  ■  ar.- ihr..  g-><)d  lie.bour*.  Yell,  in  length, 
anio'iir  ■  to  I  nniil  ,  i- indenied  hk  ih-.  ligurc  ol  e.glit, 
has  tl'.rv-e  ihurelie-,  .i!id  level. il  chapel  ;  Iml  ih.  c  iim- 
ir\  1  111 -orilh  and  Inrr-n.  I'l  (1  u,  or  1  .  tlor,  live  mii' -> 
in  lengiu,  i-  i.inaikible  eT  n  ieii'i..\  but  the  ruins  ot 
!ome  "aicii-IO'veis, '.^lui'i  iheiv.iises  i '.II  I'i  1  I.' nil'i;!.. 
'ri-.ele  .ir.  from  .'O  lo  p  let  high,  i-  '  roal,  ..u.l  la- 
jieiin  .  lo  the  tiip. 

Tee  n.iluiil  hill  ir-.  ot'  tlic  Ctira  les,  ;iml  Shell, iiui 
111  imb  is  liiui'.ar  to  thole  01  th.;  i  1.  bri  le-,  ns  ue  like- 
wile  the  ch.iraeiers,  ci.lloms,  .uid  luaiir.er-  ol  the  inh.i- 
bii.uits. 

To  ihc  ab-ive  w-e  niuil  aiM  four  ifland^  in  the  Britilli 
ChannJ,  which,  though  thiv  aa-  lit.:. it.  d  'learer  to  the 
i-r  luh  than  iIk  Engliih  lO.ill,  are  -uiecet  to  iuigland. 
T.i.  le  a'e, 

.lEHsi-.Y,a:iil).andk!'.own  m  i'c  Roman--,  an.',  litualej 
]>''  mi'es  w.'.l  ot  Noriiiandv,     Tii.  north  tide  i     inac- 
elu-ii      ijij-.v.i-ih    I  it!y   ihli'-.   1  ur  i  I-  louth    i.-,  .ilnioll 
'e     i  w  til   ih--.s.iter.     'the   li: -h.r    m-'ll  lul   puts  arc 
well  pi.uitcd.  p.utK  ul  I' 1\  w-  h  app!  -ire    ,  troui  which 
grc.u  ini.iiiiities  "t   cvd.r  aie  111. ide.     Tiie  la.lics  .arc 
t.;  lie,  and  well  ciilt.v.itcd ;  and  the  p.-,i!u  .-  teed  grc.%1 
ouain;!!es  ol\,it'.as  111.   \\  >•■  .     Tli.  iuh.ibiiaiirs  .ippiv 
thcintelvcs,   in  t.iiies  ol  pe.ice,   Ui  ih-.-  I'r.pi    -.cm  in  nt 
c-im-ucrce,  and  iiLiiv  partieiil.ulv  to  the  111  iiiul.i.  I  uie  ot' 
llo  1  iiigs,  the  produce  of  h-'Uey,  wli;  ti  i-;'ierc  vei-\  i  x- 
ipii.li-.e,  \i.      In -.'..ir  1 1111.  ;ii.  y  hav.-.ia  l', -n.  r  il.  a  con- 
•  .-in  '11  piivao  'ling.  !or  .\lii  h  the  liiuiii  in  ot'th  •ifl.mil 
I  i<i    admiMt'l-     .ilap-e'.     Jeii-,     is  .ib 'U     i:  miles   in 
jleiigih,   h.u  h  a  he  .llh'   ah.   and  .  ontain  .  .ilviut  2  3,'-03 
'  i;iha!Mt.'.:u  .      r'.ecai'itsi    to>vii,   St.  I  I.  her,   is    hand- 
lei.   ,   .1  ,,.1  c. );'.!. .e. 5  .'.b.  -.It  4:0  ii-'ule  .     'I'lie  l3nj,ua-.;-.' 
1   s  j-i.niii.  .oiiupti  1   by   an  iiit.-riiiixuirc  ot   I'jigliili 
,  .'.Tli  .      T'.i.'    g.'vc  nor   is  ap,iOintcd  by   the    Biiiiih 
I  crow  e  ;   iv,,r  t:;.  luii  'uriui-eti'in  1-  invtiled  in  ,1  baillil' 
•■.:id   I  2  luia;  , 

<i-.  KR^s^^Y,  1  ;■!  i-.ii  s  I  .n.,  and  n.  ar  , -i  mnr  li  in 
ibreihh,  contains  u.>  paillics,  wlii.li  h.r. . ,  iiowever, 
i  Iks  ight  miiiil'ei-,  'o-.e  ;il  tile  parillics  bciig  united; 
■  .md  Aidemcv.iml  .^nk.  .vhuh  .ue  apjieiidagi- ,  having 


Till-    111, Ik!,  1: 


iturailv    lin.er  th.ui 


1  I  lev.   I    11  i.h  r  I  I  popk  .iu-,   or   lo  Will  iulli\ued. 

I'll  i-iiig'i.iee  1'  ne.u  v  ihe  la  iie  as  th  it  ot  J  iiev .  Mucli 
ci.'.:  i,  ni.i.l    h(-:-e.l'..t  in  1  1    I',  irc.  111  b  th  tSe  ill  iinl'. 

Ilk  ]).oiilc,  111  war  lime,  are  lond 'li  |)iiv..te.  ring.  Tlie 
oii'v  harli'Mir  is  Si.  I'et'-r  le  I'ort,  whuh  is  gu.u.lcil  by 
twot'irl'.  one  called  ihe  t)ld  CalUe,  Uk  i-thir  CafUc 
C-irhct. 

Alde--nev,  ui.'iut  ciglii  indes  i-i  comptl  .       onlv  fe- 
I  p.'irui-d  from  the  Coal!  -il  .\oiini-..ly  b\  .inni.iw-  llrait. 
c.il-(-d  the  R.ice  ot  Aid  inev.    Ii  is  .i  .  e:  \-  h    -,■  ey  place, 
and  remarkable  1  1  :i  line  In'.     '  ot  luiall  tows. 

Sark  IS  lb!i  kller  tiian  th  I  im  r,  has  ^  fm  ■  :ui,  .ir.d 
is  leilile.  'llie  three  lad  ol  t.-,  ill  inn  .•  ■  .  iinpuied 
to  coiiiain  about  20.000  inh.i  a  n.'-  ;  .iikI  ij  tiie  lour 
are  part  ol  the  Nonii.ui  pair:-,  inv.  b  ue:  ih.  o:i!y  re- 
main-of  our  .inticnl  i-'.'iKl'ielt  o'l  1:    -iC  . 

I  S  I,  A  .\  I)  S  111  the  M  1 ,  1)  11   I .  R  K  A  .\  I-;  A  N. 

Till-'.  Ill.uids  ot  IviCA  ;l:'d  li  .'Mi:sroi;A  v    :■.  e. ti- 
led I'yihyuljL'  bv  the  (.i:eel.'-.  tioiii  ih;  val!  on  iri- 
tJii-5  (jt  pinci  they  pruJuccJ.      1  iic  ijinici  lepaiaiclv 

wa* 


!' 


It   ,.i.. 
it-  bicj 

cold" 

fine   11 
C'.atoi' 

O]  Ulli 

ni}  11 

pK.lt  ' 

the  b 
pro-ni. 

Ill  III! 

hav. 
and, 
tl-.e  1 
lion 
but  it 
bccoii 
Cit, 
the  g' 
and  • 

r. 

both 
cneiii 
ill  br( 

Neai 
oils, 

C> 
lllaik 
ot  no 
lone 

il 

WOOe 


r-FO'-.RArHY. 

|r  Cniiuwrll.      Tlio  Illir.d 

Mil  ol  \Liml  i;i(l,  i^  :il)  .(It 

'iflil  li  ;    li.i    (   fuc  ai.ilil. 

Jlnit  r  cliii'I'v  rcinaika'';c 

|uat  l).lii!iL;-ti(lu:v  l^  t:i;- 

:iri.'  conliilcnilili  j^uniis 

|:hI  lunilc  lor  lliop-.  tj  ilic 

I'lu    Skeriic-!,    Buii.iv. 

|L"iiii.|.ral>k-    idamls,  ilic 

in,  ii>;iit  milLS  in   Iciijitii : 

Jl    vMlli  cliiir.  lits;   ailil    i;i 

|;!i'iiii«.      Vi-11,  iii  li-n>_',tli, 

If'  I'lv    I'n  liiiuii;  i.tc.j^lit. 

il  th.ii"!   ;  I'll!  il;    c  .iin. 

■   ih:,  'T  1    ilor,  live  iii:i'  -, 

!i  I'^ri/,  '"Il  i!.c  rni.'is   vt 

II'.  n'i|\(.S   I  ill  I'i   1     l:.i;|('cj. 

It  lii^li,  1  z  ■  roal,    ..I,, I  1:1- 

|ic   (>ri:i  Ics,   A[\i\   Sliiliniil 

ih.;  i  {,  hriii-,  .i^   irc  likc- 

I,  .ukI  iiKiiii-.cr-  ol  i!u-  inh,'.- 

J!  !  'o;ii  lilrui-  in  thv  Biuilli 
V  :l'L-  litii.ll.il  •ic.l:c|-  to  the 
.it,  .uv  'iitr^-i-;  to  I'jiiiland. 


to  t'l-  Ro'iiiin  ,:ini;iituat.i! 

'I'll,  iV'Vili  \'h\u  1     ifiac- 

,  '  iir  I'l-  I'liutli   i>  .iimoll 

l;i    K-r    111''',!  ikI   puis  :iiL- 

!i  .ij'p!  -Ill-    ,  ircmi  wliicli 

lu-  111. Ilk-.  Tiu'  \. I,  I  Its  .irc 
;  a;n.l  ilic  p:,llu;\-  ti.c\l  f»rcat 
S'-.  'I'll.  iii!i.il>u;iiirs  .ipplv 
uc.  Id  ill.-  :";pi  ■.-.■in  m  nt" 
•ul.uK  Id  iIk"  llllliu!,!  i  nic  cjt' 
Miicy,  will  11  i<!icr(.'  v-i\  (  \- 
li.y  liavr.  i:i  u  ■ii.r  i!,  a  c^ii- 
ii>  h  ilic  li;ii\n  )ii  ottli  ■i(],i!vl 
Ici  !•  ■-  is  .lb  ■!!  1  ;  miles  in 
,  .i:u!  .  out  lin  .li^)^ll  2  ^j'-Tj 
Uiwii,  St.  I  1  lur,  is  li.ui;|. 
4:0  il  mil  .  IJK'  l,ifij,u.i:;i- 
m  liit.-iini.Mii.c  ct    l'ji;j,liili 

ap.Hiiatcil  hy   ilie    I^iiiili 

i-ti')ii  i .  invtilcil  ill  ,1  luiliK" 


!  'ii_,  .;ii'l  iii.-ir  ■;  nuifli  in 
h;:>,  V'.  in,  Il  II,;,  .  ,  JujueriT, 
;i:  till  p.iullic^  bti.i;',  initi'il; 
luli  .IK-  appoiuLigi--,  ii.iving 
:";tij,j  II  itiiiailv  Ii:v,-r  tli.m 
•lUi-,  or   lu  U(  II  culli\  itc'ii. 

il  IK' as  til  Itut'I    TK'V.     Mlicll 

1  I.  lie,  in  I)'  ill  iln'  id  iii.j«. 
V  'uiuId!  piiv..ic,nng.  The 

I'oii,  vvlikh  IS  ..•.ii.uclcil  In' 
y,d  Calik-,    ill.  I'tiiir  C.ilUc 


iiilt's  i'l  coinpif  ,  :  onlv  fe- 
ioiina:.,ly  liv  .iii.iirow  lliait, 
V.  Il  IS  .1  ,i:v  h  .il'i.v  place, 
ir.  ■  :'  ol  imall  kh'.s. 

I  1:11  1,  I'as  1  :ii'  ■  :iir,  -r.,I 
f  I  ..  .  ill  :ii  I  .'.  -  .  iiiipiiritl 
ili.i  ,1  11' •  ;  ,iikl  li  il'.c  Imii 
ri:.  i:iv.  h.  iii^  ih,  o'i!v  a- 
.■It  ol  1  r  'n,--. 

I.  1)1  1   L.i^  !■.  .\.N  I'i  A  .\. 

■,\\  I'l  1'  MKvTiil' A  V  ■:<.  f:i]. 
.i:(.-i.-l.'',  li'iiil  ill  ■  \  all  III!  Ill- 
.'li.      1  iit  ii;iaici  l(.;..ua:..l'r 

U.l> 


F.nROPF..l 


F.  r  R  O  I'  F  A  N     I  S  L  A  N  I)  .S. 


:i 


w,is  calliil  lOniiii-,  and  ilu- mlicr  Oplmifa  and  C'lllu- 
binia.  'I'll'  y  lie  aliout  V'  miks  will  ot'  Cape  St. 
Miriin,  on  the  i.o\H  ol  S|vii:i.  I'Ik-  lormcr  is  alioiit 
40  niilcs  Ion;',,  and  ii  lnoad.  and  very  mountainous, 
Init  not  iintViiitt'ul  where  iiiliivatid.  Tiie  toiiiniy.li'ii.'- 
a,i'  lali  and  li^  .  The  prim  ipal  pi  k  e  is  h  ica,  a  Imall 
liuvii,  Willi  atort  and  hailioiir,  and  tiic  relidence  oi'llu' 
covi'inor  who  is  i'uliordin.iie  to  tlic  viceroy  ot'  M.i- 
jon-.i,  V'crmiiil'iiM,  ll.x  mile-,  loiitli  o!  Ivica,  is  Imall, 
anil,  al  prelciit,  tiiiinh.ihiieil.  C'.ibrcr.i  is  anotlier  little 
illand  (itii.iii'd  loiiili  ot  Maiorta.  It  takes  its  niim 
fiDiii  llie  imillitude  of^oats  1  aiiul  upon  il  ;  has  a  Tmall 
g.aril'on  and  callle  rodetend  the  cntiaiiceotihc  liarliour, 
aiul  i^  a  receptacle  lor  exile-, 

Maiorca,  ^o  null's  111  len;j,th,  ar.d  40  in  hre.ultli, 
is  the  iH.ir  1!  of  anv  of  thot'e  ill.md'.  on  the  Spanilii 
coal'.      It    ahuindsiii  corn,  cattle,  horle-,   wine,   oil, 

II  >n  ', .  latiio'i,  deer,  ralibiis,  wild  fowl.  iS;c.  and 
is  plcii'i  iill\  I'l.ipphed  with  lilh.  Mere  are  tour  cipr-, 
vi/.  I'eliMealt,  ( IrDii'.  r  well,  Silmas  (biith,  a;:',l  Ter- 
iiiei.ior  iioiih.  If  has  watcii  t  )'.\ersall  r-nrul  11.  To- 
wards the  noith  anil  well  11  i,  mountainous,  hut  ha^  I'e- 
VM.il  !;■  ud  haibours,  with  plemy  ol  watei'.  Tli.air 
IS  uholekim,',  Iv.n  very  lioi  and  liiv  in  I'uinin, r.  A 
lonrulei.i.  le  I  odv  of  horle  .iiid  tiiol  is  k'.pt  her;  lor 
llie  deUiice  o|  the  it!  in.l.  The  l.iiijrti.ige  ul  the  I'ciler 
I'lii  isSpiiiilh;  but  t'l.u  oi  the  coiii'iioii  [vople  is  a 
m.'dliy  of  Sp.inll),  [.atiii,  (;re<k,  :',iid  Ar.tbic.  The 
piiiicip.il  piaee  m  iiisiiiai  liom  wliiih  11  takes  its 
ll.inie,   \  i  '. 

M.iiT'  a,  aiu  ieni'c.  r.ilin  1,  whii  I;  it.uids  on  thelouth- 
wtl'i.  lide  ol  tliL'  Illand,  on  a  ba'.  betwixt  two  lape^,  and 
is  a  l.ir^c  and  v.,ll-lortilied  town,  ilii-  relidence  of  the 
viceroy,  the  k  at  ot  a  court  ot  inqiiitition  and  other 
courts,  and  ,-.llu  ot  a  bitliop,  who  is  fulliai^an  to  the 
archbilliopol  N'alentia.and  lias  a  revciiu-  of  20,coo  du- 
cats per  annum.  Here  likcv.il'e  r.  an  tiniverliiv,  a  llatcly 
lathedial,  a  great  many  churches,  with  feveralholpitals, 
handlome  tliiet-,  aiul  ;'quaivs.  Ol  the  l.iil  there  ii  one 
talLd  l>'jrii,  where  the  buU-li'.'Jits  and  other  lliew-  ,uc 
exliibiteil.  The  iiihabii.inis  aie  computed  at  uj)wards 
ol  1^11  th  ',11., lid. 

Minorca  lie^  ;;  m  le-  eatl-north-eall  olM.i'orca. 
It  ^'jK.ited  leii;;tli,  ironi  tall  to  welt,  !■  ;.S  miles  .'.nd 
its  breadth  1  ,;.  llie  .in  is  moitl,  hut  never  exeeiiive 
Cold  or  li'it.  1  lere  are  le.id  mine-,  pleiit\  o!  lilh,  lair, 
fine  iiKuiil,-,  rabbits,  lh,ep,  honey,  wax,  c.',pe:-,  i  1, 
Cotton,  wine,  fniie  of  which  is  excellent,  line  .icorns, 
o|  unli.i,  jMliii-tivcs,  wliieh,  however,  bear  notriiil, 
nrities,  wiih  .1  v,ill  variety  of  petritied  llv, II  ,  and  a 
f:  i  I.. It  deal 'if  latile.  The  w.iter  is  f.i.l  to  be  nine  o| 
the  l.>.  ll.  The  inh.ibitants,  like  the  Spaniards,  are  too 
proud  and  la/.v  ti  uiitivate  the 'ground  in  a  proper 
iiiiiiiiei,  and  coiilequeiitly  have  fail  little  crii.  Tlic\ 
h.ive  a  11,11  ural  turn  to  poetry,  love  miifu  and  tlanciivi, 
and,  like  their  ancetiors,  are  expert  llini;er%  In  1  ■  ;6 
tiie  I'leiv  ll  ii'it  poliellion  ot  this  illanil.  Al  li..'  cone. 11- 
lion  "I  the  war  in  1  7'>;,  it  was  ivlhired  to  the  i'i,-;^lilh  : 
but  it  wa.  i.ik.n  by  the  Spaniards  l.ill  war,  and  i-  11  w 
become  aSpu.illi  illand  again. 

Citadeil,',  dieeai  it:;l,  bnii;  on  ihe  well  coalt,  wh.re 
the  goxernor  leiidis,  .-  a  Imall  pl.r.e,  but  well  lonilied, 
and  cliii  lU  nihabiled  bv  ilir  '••'.iin;iilh. 

I'oit  Malum  is  one  ol  the  linell  1. arbours  in  [-airope, 
both  lor  its  capai  iouUiiis  aiu!  lecuiity  trom  wind  and 
ciiemie  ,  f-cini;loi:.  mik-fmo;,  and  above  half  a  mil. 

III  breadtli.  Tiie  I'  v.ii  is  ;m..il,  lui  li.is  ,1  bulk  trad  . 
Neai  It  IS  St.  I'liili))'-  laide,  .1  liiu.ire  lull  ol  lour  b.illi- 
oiis,  which  h.isaJ.'i.ns  a  t^u  ^1 1'.arrif  Jii. 

CoRsiC.\,  between  the  (iiilpli  of  C.ietioa  and  the 
lll.ind  ol  S;i'dini.i,  extends  trom  41  to  4?  dei;rees 
ot  nordi  laiiiiide,  and  troin  nin  to  ten  degiees  ot  call 
lon;-',itude. 

i'ho  ifl.ind  lieiii;;  lor  the  moll  part  mouiii.iiniais, 
wo.idv,  dry,  and  lioiiy,  ius  little  arable  lanil.     Some 


9  ?'.) 

of  the  low  piounds  and  vallies,  h'lwcier,  yi.ld  corn, 
wine,  lii;s,  aim  )nds  ch.'fnuts,  ohvcs  an  I  other  tr  fits. 
Here  is  alf>a  gnd  brc  1  of  .atllean  I  liorfes  ;  an  I  t'le 
woods  and  toivils  ah mnd  with  dee;',  and  otli.T  i' inie, 
togeiherw  t'l  h  on 'v  anl  wax.  Tii  .,.■  .ire  alf  ■  t'lnu  filt- 
works  and  hotbadi^  on  the  ill.md,  wit'i  cryllil-,  iioii, 
and  alliim. 

'I'll.'  Illan.l  of  Corli'a  will  ,;ver  be  fur.ous  fir  the 
nol'le  itand  itsinhabitaii:  muii  lor  t'  eir  l.'vrtv  a.vitiU 
their  Geno-le  tM'ants  -in  1  .'.i  orw.irds  a.^iind  the  i.ale 
and  ung.Mierous  etlbrts  of  i!:e  Fr.'n.  li  to  '.  nil  ive  th  11, 
tlioiitrli  tliev  were  .it  l.-np,th  nvcip  i.vi  red  by  miiiiieis 
and  eompeiled  lolfibmil.  T  ■■.I'i,  wli'icommanded  them 
in  the  tlru'.'.ile  lor  tiecdom,  wa  taken  under  tlr.  |.ro- 
te:>i  mot  the  Hi  itilli  court,  bi  C'.nlapi-.  lue  ofdiisd'C- 
tingiiillied  tyranny  and  opprfllon,  Ti-.odore,  their 
km.;,  tookretuge  in  KiiL^ltn,!,  where  h:  remiiae'l  in  a 
V'.ry  impoveriilied  ll.Ue  mair  years,  an'.l  at  lengtii  liieU 
at  a  priv.ite  lodj2,in  r  in  Soli,),  :;;  the  \ear  i;;;. 

Hilb.i,  the  I  ajiitai,  li'uu.don  tiie  north-cai;  coalbif 
the  illuid,  ha  a  g  I'hI  hirli  nir  and  cattle,  h  p:  ttv  well 
lort  tie.l,  and  is  the  lee  of;,  lilhoi'. 

S.in  I  ioreii/.o,  lltu.red  all  >  on  the  n  it'iern  l;.!e  of' 
ill  ■  ill  uid,  on  1  giilpii  to  whi.li  ;r  t;i\  .-s  n  ime,  Ins  a 
li'i  >d  haven,  is  tortiiied.  and  :lr,  mi  1  n.c  i.l  i  bilivip. 
Ko'i'iiieiois  almill,  i-ni  well  |  e  pi  1  t  ■  vn,  on  tlr," 
l"ut!ii  in  c  (all  of  ihe  ill  in.!.  1'  m  V.e.hi.j  is  .i  lirtlc 
fca-port  town  on  iheeallern  er,',!!.  Con  i,  on  t':ei  lolo, 
is  an  cj'ifc  '-pal  ice.  with  a  llrt.'  i/,  ealile  „nd  wall  t..ii  its 
dele:  <■  . 

A;,i/./.a  i- a:; '.pifcopa!  fee,  a  p'aec  of  ;;.' -d  iiade, 
.iiul  W'.ll  peopled. 

The  Illand  ot  Sardin:  a,  wiuth  gives  a  r  iv>.l  title  to 
t!ie  iliike  ot  Savov,  lu  -  :  ;o  niiies  well  01  L.gi.orn,  is 
i()o  miles  in  len',!;th,  rnd  So  in  iirea.itli,  ha'  but  ai  m- 
diil'ercnt  air,  but  a  frui  lul  loil,  aiv.l  ab')u:'.i.ls  in  ei.i.!, 
win.',  oil,  fruit,  c.Uile,  im::. ',  hn.ii..  ■',  I  ear  ,  and 
d  cr,  (foiue  of  wliieli  i  ive  ti.r  Ijiotted  tkin=)  iv^id,  lil- 
ver,  leao,  ir;)n,  lulphur,  '.Ihim,  &.c.  Tiie  onf.  veno- 
nioui  cre.'.tiir.  is  a  kin.l  .t  Ipider,  The  eo.n-iiodiiies. 
iiideiiendant  of  the  piodikVioiis  .ilre.adv  menti'Mied,  are 
C'lral,  linen,  tilk,  wool,  hide-,  and  clueie.  Tiie  inha- 
bit,'.nis  are  ot  a  dill'olut',  and  idle  di 'poliiion.  I'iie  re- 
l:_j,i.,iii  i-  Roiiian  Catlioiic,  an',1  liie  k'nuuige  S;i  nnli. 

Ca;;iiari,  the  c.ipital,  lituaie,!  on  ihe  l')u'!i  tide  of 
ihi-  Illand  and  on  the  d.elivitv  ot'  a  hill,  i.;  divid- 
ed into  high  and  hr.v;  the  former  being  hanllijine 
and  well-built,  but  th.'  Luter  poor  and  unhealiliy. 
T!ie  eailiedr.'!  is  magnilic.n. ;  theaichl'.fliop  anil  vice- 
roy rellde  here  ;  tl.c  port  is  Ipacious,  and  detend.d  by 
a  liute.y  ,uid  calV.e  i  and  tf.e  town  coniajii-  lev.ral 
coiiv.r.t-. 

■['he  rivers  Sai  ro  and  Tin  >,  i-y  an  oppofite  coiirl'.-, 
cut  Saidiiii.i  nearly  into  t .-  <  e,;iial  jiut'  or  pr  ivin  e  : 
ill  •  one  called  llCipio  de  C  igiiari,  and  die  otir,  r  II  Capo 
de  Sati'aii,  or  l..ugedt)vi.  There  .ire  m.iny  jiorts,  gwlpli-, 
,ind  bivs  in  it,  with  t'everal  tlioiig  to'.. ns,  a  great  num- 
ber 01  village-,  thrcearchiiiili  pries,  and  loui  bilhopries. 
Tiiedergv,  both  fecular  and  regular,  have  gi eat  pri- 
vileges, ineomes,  and  nnnuiniths.  1  he  only  iniiver- 
tity  IS  thai  Oi  C  igfui. 

About  Sardir.ia  Ik'  n.my  liivilkr  iflaiu!-,  ot'wl-.ich 
the  prin'.ipal  ,11, ,  St.  I'leiM.  S:.  Antioehii,  Li  V.,:ea, 
II  'foro,  R  tlii,  H'.iv.u'.i,  Tavil.ia,  Alinaria,  Scrp.  ,1- 
lei'.i,  T.1//0,  Cirbon  r.i,  .ind  O JiaUro.  Ah naria,  ilie 
moll  conlid. table  oi'h.!'-,  by  the  aiilients  lUleil  lIu- 
great  illand  ol  H.r.u'es,  ,s  about  28  miles  in  c  'mp.il's, 
and  lies  aloiii  tour  iniles  from  Cape  Moir.e  1' ■:■  .aic, 
and  i:;  norili  oi'thciity  of  Silfui. 

Capri,  or  Caprea,  is  much  taken  n'tic'  ofi.ir  tiie 
noble  ruins  on  it.  ii  i-  .ihout  '.■  in  mile-  1  -ng,  .iiid  one 
broad,  and  is  tituated  at  the  etiliai'  ,  '^i  'i.e  giil|ih  of 
Naples,  .ibout  three  miles  from  th,'  i  ntii  ,11.  This 
ille  was  the  retidenee  of  the  em|vroi'  .\uguiiu-,  fir  hime 
tii\ie,  who  came  here  |,-r  he-  health  and  'Ci  re:uii-ii. 
Tiberius,  atleihim,  m-ide  it  a  leene  01  the  moil  infa- 

niou> 


^ 


040         A  M:\V,  ROYAl,  AND  ArTIirXTlC  SYSTV.M  a\    I  NIVrR"- AT ,  M,0(,RAP1IY. 


^1 


1   I 


t     s 


» 


!';4h 


M 


M 


nu5u-  p!c.iliii\-.  Tin.'  ['iii\i.iiMl  1111113  aiul  icin.i.ii'  "t 
.inti^iuitv  :iri-  :\i  the  cxtn.iiiny  ol  the  liii^rii  |>ioiivm- 
toiv.  W'liat  liiiftlv  icci'iiinuMui.  il  ilii  ill.iiul  !'>  'I'llif- 
liiis  wa--  its  ic'.ijHr.iit  h^alililul  .ur.  luiiv  u.uiu  iii 
suiucr,  aiul  co'l  in  ruir.mcr;  an>i  tla'  n.inirc  ot  its 
loall,  wi.ith  is  I'o  wry  ihtp,  tli.ii  .i  fni.tli  laiiiilHT  ol 
nun  iiiav  iliUiul  it  a;i.iiiitl  a  i;itMi  army.  'I'Ik'  liirfacc 
»'t  I  lie  ill.iiul  was  ilicii  cut  into  laly  aiiiiit-,  ailoi:i-i! 
wii!'.  the  I'mpiHir'-.md  oilier  palan-,  and  planUil  v.itl'. 
a  variety  olsirovc''  and  ^ardeii^.  T  Ik-  r^'ck^  alio  under- 
n^Mlli  were  out  into  lil^nwavs  grotlov,  gillcru"^,  Iw;.'.- 
nios,  and  ruliterraneousret:remi.'ni-  :lnit  ti.ev  'a.  reatttr- 
ward'ditaeeilor drnioiillu'd  i>\  ilu  Roinaii'..  Ittaiiirain^ 
alxnu  i-^."c  i.iiiabitaius,  wlio  a:e  exempt  lioin  all  taxo-  ; 
;ilid  helon;;s  In  the  ;iiovin  f  ol  Lov.-m.  in  the  kiiu' 
liotii  ot  Nipl.>-.  'rii.i\  ar.  !o\hmI  tpiinj^s  ol  trelli 
water  in  u;  and,  in  a  d  iii  li'lul  \  ilUv  I'eiw.en  the 
nioun;..msat  iIk  luo  .  \in  jiiii  i  ■,  liaiuN  a  i  i!y  ot  tli. 
laini-  n.inie  wilh  th  lil.ind,  \\hiLli  i'- the  lee  ot  a  luili-'p, 
wli'  fi-  liuinie  .■.111.'  il'.i.tV.  l!i;n  the  prodls.'.kni^  tli;'hl. 
ol  ouaiU  thai  i  om  tlmhei  ai  t .  n  tin  kaloii^,  paiii.  u- 
laih.  in  M  III  h,  '\Ikii  vali  i;i,a!i!ilie''  ol  tlum  aie  l.nl 
to  Na|ile>  .iiul  I>'L!  v.i\  I  l.rap.  (.'n  this  .aa  oi:nf,  i!;l 
hilhop.K"  I      loHi.t  Hi.-    |.-a.ii'i'v    tilled,    the     lii;ll,;-..L 

Nr!ii.-\  IS  .•  I;i!,ill  l>i;t  pL.tf.'.-it  :;;;.!  terlile  illmd,  1\- 
i:ig  on  the  Ne?,p  liian  e  .i:t,  al)  ■.;:  l.\o  ;iik-  thmi  th. 
Capo  ot  M Mi'iiM,  a' d  z:  troni  N.iple--.  Moli  ot  ii  i- 
lurroa.ided  «tih  hhih,  i.raa'v,  .m.!  inaei  tVilih'  rot  k  . 
whili  llielter  it  tio.n  ih.  .Mtidv,  r.nd  d^tend  it  tr  m 
li.v.id.i"'.  Sonic  ]..;ti~  .  ;  It  aie  rich  atui  tielighitu!, 
yieUiitrji;  ail  if..inri,  r  ot  d.'a.  i»\i  hut's,  :'.■..!  i\i.  Ikiit 
\v  lie-- ;  InitotlKi'  ,ir.  .i-.  dil  n.il  .md  baiten.  Ii  ua- 
atiiuiitly  e.dled  In.'.ntii-  ;  .\n\  niikli  liili't  !  to  eaitl- 
<jiiik.e-.  Thet;'  ar.  te'.er.il  lioi  l-a;i:  and  inelAi;..il 
i...!.:s  ,11  It,  witlKUVJtti  Lti't  p'',al.:t:i  ioah  .'.itds  liiu'.i-^. 

.Siciiv,  tlio  m..ll  loniidet.ilile  itland  >fineMidi- 
tettane.m,  is  dividei.!  ivotiiii.ily  b',  .i  ii.itow  (h.iii, 
c.ihed  liie  1-aro  o:  Mtlliit.;.  The  tales  lu.e  ll.,w  ina-- 
{iul.trly  and  violentlv.  'I'lier.Hk  ai-.ii.tnlv  >  alied  Sovlla, 
atui  ii.i'.v  C.'-lio  Sctgli  I,  is  nn  the  C.ilabrtan  (i,!.  ;  .tnd 
ilie  '.".hitlpuol  [(•i.neih  named  (."h.trvhch-,  hut  ..  .i  Jo- 
Jioiiiiti.uid  C.il' ii.il.;,  i;es  n.a  t.u  ti^  in  .M.llini. 

In  tat  lait  dioik  oi   ihel.rnb'i   eaidii|i:aU',   whic'i 
iinJv.d  tl.i->   eouiiti  y  iti  .III  'hi    1;  riots   it  d.l  httioit,  | 
in  the  year  17S  ;,  part  ot  a  lo,  k,  tto.u  S.\|l..,   .vas  d.-  I 
t.i.lKil  trotn  tf^  loisndaiiun,  .ita!    t'aio.'.ti  u.in  M 'k  nee  ; 
Jtit'    th.-    le.t.      1-   artul     that    lu.  et-  tli-i;  ■.artii.niak  -   i 
uo.i'.d. i-f  all.  ikI.-.:  Willi  till-  lanit  i'.:e-.itub  oiiUtnietuc--.  | 
the  r.h.ibit.ttit-.   .t   Si.\!la.   w  .ih  ihcir  piiiu  e,    t  o  >!.  ic- 
tu  '■    ".    ih.ir  bo.t-,    .ti.il    r  in.  tl  to  a  tinad  h  a  '   K;  -   | 
;vj..r.d.,l  lit   10.'  -.    iiiitlhi.e  u:  I  •miiatle  p  op!.  t.,iin  i   I 
iKi,  l.e  ..it  V.  the'.   1.  u.tht.     A  tc.    ttl  ih.o.  i.  c  i.i  ht.l  ' 
.1   :iu)u:ii.,tn  iK'ar  .^  •  d.i,  attil  nii.cU  l.jeilhin   S.'.'li 
lit.  it,  irotu  Us  bi:e,  atul  pic  .putt  ■!  it  '.miIi  luth  v.ol- 
me.  Miio  tlie  te.t,  a    to  rati,    a  ttiott  tte:H'.-..t!oi:s  wa\e, 
w:,:^ti    tali  brokj  U[)..;n  tin.  l'uiiit>  d' 1  lau,   in  Sitilv, 
.iiiil  tiitii  tnitantly  reiiji-iiin>;  with  .i  loi  tl  noile,  d.alhed 
ihf   uii'ortutwttf    p.ir.ce,  with  moic  il.ati  ;o^jot'  his 
t.;i>  o-f,  int.)  tl;,  I  can. 

1  a.  a  I  o'  .S:.  1\  ;-  lahil  r'oii  ,  .itt'i  ;'.  ;'  ,1  :,.,  :',  ;u\-. 
that  11  I  .1;!  u  !tie  ,.i.it;..i',  til  It.il- .  It  piot'ii  t^  .ibun- 
(.ianec  ot  .i\eii,  wine,  ■  il,  Iriii!'-,  I'i;:ar,  !■  t.ey,  t.tti:  >n. 
\va.\,ii'k.  ,'\i,  v.ith  unie  t; 'Id,  iitv.r,  ir.)r.,  .ihut,  vi- 
lli. 1,  t.,!:-p  ire,  at.d  r.un.r.l  t.rt.  'I'lie  luoui,.  it's 
yield  tnuralds. '.  t;  -.r.a^.il. .,  povph\iy,  !,;;:;.  l.i.'ii'i,  .it.c! 
u  flone  cahed  e.UuclittJ.  ot  a  ;j,;.  eiiilli  Ip.ikl^ii  .  olour, 
\vh:i  h  grows  loll  La  ;1;c  v-aimth  ot  "lu'-  h  mil,  tin  .k- 
Hi-i.  to  It  iikcglue,  .mil  lb  .ill  ext.lknt  anti'.a;  a-.j.tt.d 
tin.  Itiiigo:  l.oipion-,  and  loine  oilicr  poiloti'ai  iii:e.'i'. 
A  great  deal  otior.;!  ;s  t  uiid  iiijoii  the  c.a!'.,  ttt.d  [kn- 
tv  ot  c.\ceiicni  til'a;  aii.ong  wliich  ..re  ilr  j.  I'  e  Ipada, 
or  I'.vord-liih,  aial  lunate-,  drctu  t,  i.intiti.-.  it  I'ltk,  r.iw 
.'..nd  nianulactured,  are  esporifd  tian  \K;..ica,  .-.  hei 
a  I  (jiifiii  1  rot  11  alt  noil  evet  y  naiiut;  111  lM:ri.'>.'  it-h  .!  s,  •  vi 
fi;.»ii..i^..  iii.d  2jn./UCL  the  ititle  <j:  hi.,  nan.  11. 


I  let e. ire  Uwr.il  ir  t  r-\  at.d  |jood  Ipiii".',-  t  bv'  lew  :' 
the  ii\er^  .ire  navi;.' 'Me,  litvui'.;  but  .•.  !h.  it  iia.:|, ,  ,  ,, 
til  ei  nihnu  riei  i['it..ub  iioiri  tie  nioiaii.iiir  . 

Ol  lite  utoiiiii  s  III  till-  illaiul  tlK  iimll  11  iitd  : , 
Mount  .i'.tn.i,  IK  ealled  M'ni.' (iiiallo,  ..iMmii.-, 
b.  llo,  .1  \t.'e,'ii',  .thole  truiiPoii*  li,i\ a-  oiieii  |  r  \t,l 
l.il.il  iLitlie  n  ';;h!'oiiiini.T  (  omitiy.  It  is  ;  1  nil  -  i:, 
etitut,  atul  |o  lug,h  th.ii  it  hatbtairs  ni.iiiy  uikl  1  ealh. 
At  tin-  botirin  are  loin-liekis  aiul  |ikuii.uioii'-  ol  I'ui^ir 
tanc-.  /\iiioi;",  tlu-  other  nioiiiit.iins  one  ot  the  moll 
vor.lhlerai'le  is  Mount  St.  luk.in,  iieai  l'..Ii.riiio,  ami.,  nt- 
i\  e  tiled  I'.rv.N,  ami  viiliitiih  Trti'iiti.  The  iriipti  ts 
ol  M  Hint  .latia  tire  >^  n  r.illv  pree.detl  b^■  an  eaith- 
iiii  ke.w  hu  11  otii  11  do.'   tiioiid  ,111.1;  I'  iha!uhee:i:ptii)ii-. 

I'll,  a  i  e  ;  1. ,  V.  ill.  Hi]  I  ■!  lo  ihetr  I.I..1I  1.  ir,  are  tar 
tl'  111  appv.um;',  11  .1  1 1>  ui  1.  le  hglil ;  1  fin;.  .1  pcivcil; 
i.t.e,  and  a  nuxiute  ot  It.ili.rts  .m,!  Sp.i'ir.i  k.  Tii  , 
'p.  .ik  I  hi.ll'  St  .'.n;(li,  ant'  l-ilk>w  iIr-  .^patttlli  tall. ion  , 
p.nncul.iity  in  .,t.a  in;.;  bl  ti  k. 

'I'lte  tllabl;lhtt!  .clgr-n    til,e  ill  ....tl  1    ih.   R.Mr.a  . 
C'.!tii.)li(.      'lilt    iiiiiiilit.;  ,1,  hill,  his,  t  oiivett!  .  .ittti  t 
h;.;ioi!s  lountliiii.n-,  i-  \,iv    ae-it,  .nul  tiiev  are  wilU,  - 
.1   \\\A.     'I'lti,   I-   .1   1   '  ettign  tribunal,   wlii  h  iM''i'.» 
in  ,11  eei  it  li.iih'  a!  .illaui,  .iitil  athnii-    0:  no  a|i'  -  ..;  il 

ill'-  P'.ll'C. 

1  lie  I  oh.  e  ■  i|  Si.  ilv  i  ,  p  iliaps,  t|,(.  niod  riiig,ul.ii  iii 

th.  \\',i|,k      'I'll-  l.andilii,  wh.),  in  r,n\  .aher   tountrv, 

\Mii,ld  liav  ■  lud'.reil  tlr  kw  u  punilhin- ni  du  ■  tti  tli,  t," 

nail  .  at.,  in  Sieilv .  not  mi  \  pu'  li..lv  pro.e.'i.il,  b<r 


imiveilallv  It  ir.tl  ,  Pil  r  iptiai.l.  Thclf  writ  lit-  lias- j 
t.iktii  ;•  lieiFt'  n  ol  the  V  .1  [)  luoiii,  itt  [I'x  e.ili.rn  p.trt 
ol  th,'  illaiul,  where  it  has  b  en  toiind  iiiip(,|1ibk-  to  ex- 
tiip.itc  tilt  111  trointhen  !e.  1. 1  nil  rubleii.uifous  retreat?; 
intl  ih.is  I  ucut.'.lkliK.',  li  ti,i'tli.r  wiih  tlrir  del'perate 
val.Mii,  anil  \  iiuliri  i\c  Ipait,  li.i-  iiuhnail  the  I'limeot" 
N'i'la  l'i..nea,  tn  in  a  nv  live  ot  p. .liti ,  i..  dttl.irt  hiiiikit 
thetr  piotoitoi  ami  pr.titin.  'I'h.f  vc  th.e  guiiies  ai.d 
pr.iieot.r.s  ol  ti.ivelhas;  an  !  Uitli  r.r.-  tliei'  \:if.\\  notion-, 
ot  wh.i  ih;\  .ah  iheir  point  ol  Iv,  it,,,,,,  thai,  !i  ■,\.-\tr 
deter:  :v-  th.y  aie  '..li,  r.-;_>ai-tl  to  |iti-i\-  in  peneral, 
tiity  ever  luaint.i'n  tlu  titoli  tinlh  ;'  en  tt.klif.  ,'.tlM''vir 
tiiey  ha\e  onu-  prottllul  t.  W  h.  ,  i ,  r  up.  Ic  io;i- 
l..!enie  in  l!i.;t-,  .i.a'.  bt.  ll-  uiv  ot  11  !  li"  Ifir  it  in  llic 
I  ;...lk-ll;  inllan.e  a'.-"ile..l  ;  ■  n,  oti  tia-  lOtiir.iiv,  ni.iy 
.■■r..!!  limdeH'iip  m  ihe  it-t  ..nr.  that  hib  ;  cton  will  bs 
pr,t.-rti-d  ti.iiii  in, lilt  .n  1,,  m  ,  .nul  hi-  p'tiji.-nv  lri):n 
imp'-.liiioii  or  d  |)te  1  mot'  i'\-  ihe!-.  taahtal  and  rtlohiif 
idnef-iu  ;  .ili  ot  wlioni  ate  known  totlie  other  bandiiti 
ot  the  ill.ttitt,  .\h-  ,  't.  ni  the  lam.;  ]iiiiniii|e  o'  honour, 
r.tp,tl  not  oi.lv  ihe  pe:  lent  "t  thin  own  wonhy  tr.ucr- 
iiav,  ill!  th  I  e  w:  otti  tlu  V  ,  I.  .lit.  'I'he  gen  ralit\  of 
I  .i'.  1!  r-  h;te  a  co-.ipk  01  ihiit-  !.:ii.ird-  u.  ait  .'ni|)aiiy 
t.ctii  in  tl,e.r  loiniu'--  ,  .eitl,  by  this  iiitaiis,  travcrl'e, 
u  11  1  l.tklt,  tile  tiMi!  d.ii' ',-iuus  rmiations  111  die  itl.iiul. 
lira.  01  tii:  ilili'  rate  I.  I  v.  h.)  phi' e  llietr.klvc  nitiic 
,ei\,t.  ,  t  lae  I'.init- "1  \'ill  1  i-'iaiii  a  are  invelle.l  wiili 
111-  hv.rv,  vel'.o.t,  .uid  gi  ren,  wiili  lilver  late,  and  wear 
ab.ul:,  (■  till  ir  titater ;  whiih,  it  not  ver\  hoiionf.ible, 
ent.tle,  ;  ,.111  ai  leal!  lo  !o  much  tear  and  relju-ri,  th.u 
th.  lu  it|^lllrates  h.ive  been  often  .Uiligtd  not  only  10  pio- 
tt.t,  I  ut  even  t.  pav  them  comr,  111  otder  to  bf  It-cute 
a;. .lid  ''-eii  lev  t  :  liil  tlitpoliiioii,  whit  h  itiipils  iheiu 
t  '  lii.  tii'it- wiih  it.atii  '.'tlio-.ver  h...  giviii  ili.iuiutl 
tan  ■  Ml  j.rov  '   iii  m. 

It, t  lilt. •;.;..  Ill  Mif  ami  virtue  obiervable  in  this 
tit-i.L,oii  liaiernity  is  terv  reaiaikable.  W'liil,'  th.y 
■-  tt.tf.ti,  v.'itii  impuitit', ,  i-veiv  el  line  which  dilgriiei 
litit.-.  it.i!'',  th.  ir  ptant  .jt  h  111,  air  is.;bk  ,  veil  in  the  nii- 
.  utitl  ill'-  iiu.s;  and  tilt'  inoiiiil'  .li  one  of  ihef.- banditti 
w.jiiM  be  pertorir.cii  Willi  as  exa't.  a  puttciu.ihty  as  tile 
b  aitl  1(1  .my  ..tlur  man.  '1  liev  lrci[uei,lly  iiorrow  money 
tiom  til  ■  toiiniry  jK-ople,  vvlin  d.iie  nut  rctu'e  their  re- 
i|uet!  ;  but  it  thev  promife  to  ntiirn  it,  tluy  will  railier 
lullil  iheii-  eng.igement  .it  the  ixpeiiie  ot  ih'-  lie  and 
prap-Ttv  ot  r.iiiieiinl'iriuiutie  p  iliengt-r,  titan  t.iil  111  the 
h  i.  iir.ible  jK-rtormanee  ut  wi.at  lliey  have  iiadeil.ikeii. 
'I'hole  of  them  who  ha\  ■•  entered  into  the  litti  vita-  ot 
luwictv,  and  attend  ilk  ^uai  Jk  totiaxtlkrk,   earr\  .iiiir., 

■  v.ht.h 


f  •  M.OMt  API  !Y. 


!pp|i 


u 


-:';.',  I  111 
'11  (III-  in 


Lit, 


iiiaii.liii 


11-  ill.iiul   iIk   luoll  II,, [(I 


M 


■III,'  (ill  ill. 


>i\y  \\ 


■  l  1)I'':(IV. 


I    li 


"''-•"  1  r   M.I 


ml 


-  i:i 


■'  aiul  h'aiii.ii 


"i.iny  uiM  i  f;,(i> 


IOI1-  ot  (in.  ir 


moiiiii.iins  oiii'  ot  ilic  i,i,;i| 


'".  luai  I', 

Ti 


''■iiiii',  :inti', nt- 


11 


II  .11 IV 


r:i'c-,  ili-( 


''ii.i;  I-  ili.iiiili 


IC  I  I1I11I1    -s 

'V  an  lanh. 
"■■I'-iiniijM  . 


Ic-  !ls:lll; 


ii-ii 


11 1 


>i', 


arc  t.i. 
■>  i  'CI  \  ( I : . 


l!l.l    .Sn,].,,  ,|,|, 


n 


I  ll 


^"■\  the  .'■[.i: 


:ili  tall, 


'C.ll, 


in  ...U  1  I-.  K,^ 
I  ■•.  I  onvt.;:',  ,  .'.lu 
■'lul  liicv  ail-  wtl 
'in.ij,  \vl  iili  !t|. 
ml'    o!  r.ti  .1(1'  i  , 


'  i!::ip^  tlic  mofl  ruigiii.ii  111 

uli..,  Ill   :rr    ,>il.rr   uHinlrv, 

■  i(  ininillinr  lit  du  ■  lu  :!;,;,- 

"11  \  i'u    iiklv  piu.i.-'  -il,  Ini: 

■■!i-l.     ■Jli.-lr  wrt.  Ik-  I'.avj 

1'  iiKii::.  i-  I'rx  c.ili.in  i'.:rt 

'  I'll  t.Hind  iiiH".irii)L-  to  c'X- 

I    nil  lulitiii.iihdusiviriat.'!; 

p,'-;lKr  with  th-ir  <!flpiTare 

li,  li.i'  nu!iit.\-(l  ;!.i-  I'niueof 

cot  p.ilki ,  i<'i'.il.ii\  liimiiir 

.      i'lii  >■   sv  I  hi-  giiiik-s  ai.vl 

'!  Ui'.h  :',r,   ila-i-  l:i^<,li  notions 

it  ot  iun,,,,;.  thai,  h  '.vi-vi-r 

MrJ    to  |,iii  -iv    in  pi-tu-ral, 

Il  'inlll  .'  I')  !:i!>1i:-,,'.',Iki--vi|- 

:.        \\  !l...  \,  ;■    i^p.  1^.     ,,,;,. 

'-1"-  ul  II  !  h:'  .'■•;;    ir  m  ; he 
'    'i,  o;,  ii!,-  (.oiiii.iiv,   rii.iy 
:  ..iU}  jl.at  liib  ]  c'lon  uill  jjj 
III- ,  .i!h1  hj.  p.,,|,.,Ttv  troin 
i'v  ihf!.  ta.ihtiil  aiiili-;(clii(- 
known  totlii-  otlii.-f  iMndiiti 
10  l.mi  ■  piiiiiipic  o'  Imnoiir, 
^  ■■!  run  ouii  uoiihy  tr.'.lcr- 
'  I'  oil.     'I'he  j:,i-n  ralit\  of 
->  'i   j'wiiil     ii,  aci  .ni|.aiiy 
I.   !)>'  I  hi'.  UK. ins,   Iravcili.-, 
■lous  (iiii.uioiis  III  ihi-  ill.iiul. 
'■■■'^''>  phi'  (.•  liifiiiliivc-,  111  (iie 
1  I'lam  a  arc  invclU-.J   uuli 
I,  with  liJviT  la. e,  and  wt-ar 
•■h,  it  not  \cr\  lijiu'iir.ililc, 
tiiicli  t'-.ir  and  rrlpri,  ih.n 
ten  ohhgitl  not  oii^y  m  pro. 
i-"iirr,  in  oilier  to  !);•  in  int.; 
oliiioii,  ulmh  i;iip.  Is  ilu-iu 
■.vci-  ha-,  givtn   iImu  kkI 

virtiK-  o!i!crv;i'lc-  in  thi-. 
rfinaikililc.  W'lnl.-  th.y 
.-(.■ly  Clinic  w'iich  dilg'-i,  ci 
11' .ur  isolii;  ,vcd  in  the  ini- 
iiilr  ul  one  ut  (hell-  iKindiiii 

exact  a  punctuality  .is  tlio 
v  'rei|iici,tlyl.oirow  iiiom-y 
lo  d.iic  iKjt  iclu'c  ihcir  i-j- 
'  rctiiin  It,  tiny  uill  rat  her 
IC  txpcmc  o!  ih'-  lie  and 
'i'llieii^^.T,  than  tail  m  ii,<- 
'■■M  llii-y  liavciindcil.ikcii. 
nu  ii-d   into  the  Icivii  ,■   of 

to  tu\ill,  Tk,    tari\  .11111-., 
■  '.'.L'.-.h 


i 


F.  r  R  op  V.  .\  N      I  S  r..  A  N'  I 


rijiiori':.! 

nhith  ihty  imkc  iMily  for  :\.^lon,  and  plaic  mi  a  pol- 
lurorcidv  iiili'.r  tor  atiai  k  m  dit'iKc.  in  all  Unpicims 
or  tlin^crnii-  pl.u  cs.   Tiu  v  la.y  tin  ir  l.uullord'-  hill  a' . 


)  .s. 


ci  rdin  '  to  ilu'ir  owi 


1  pica 


ilic 


and  liiiii  is  th;'  uiiho. 


tiiv  wiili  V.I1H.I1  t'.ic' either  arc  invelKti,  or ' 


i-h  il 


alliini:,  tint  iIka  threaten,  and 


tiitc,  1 

d 


nlliiit 


KV 

woiilij,  iKrhaps,  cNe- 


■  th  upon  the  hardy  wrcti  h  who  Ihonld 


d,uc  loatniiipt  an  iiiipo'iium upon  tlu'  trnelleis  uiuier 
Il    ' 


icir  protection. 
Till  ill.ii'il  is  I  omn 


I" 


Ml  111  I  la, 


loiilv  iliviilcd  into  tiiree  parts  or 


anil 


cs  vi/.    \.ii  ill    Dcni  .'ii,  Val  ill    Noin 


ara. 


built  lit 


Il  a  ipauoii.'i  li.ir- 


mc  ot 


bour,  near  th--  liiait  to  uhkli  ifjves  name, 

lix  gri.iti.li  niai;t-iuuns  in  the  Mcdiii  naiie:in,  loniains 

main  n-lilc  ulilii  c- ,   l^  tlu- lee  ol  an  archliilhop,  and 

nil  I'al.  riiiotorivint^ih.  i  .ipital  oltlnillaiid. 

Iial  1^  a  large  Ip.iiiou-  hiiildinj;;,  very  rich  in 


M. 

,ihl 


It  I'  illd-ovei  ilileat 
at  ni'.'.hi,  ii^  liani 


!>4« 

The  v,,ican.i  wk,  to  a  com!- 

iiliir, 

lai, 


iiiicrranenu  .*••. a. 
c  li.ii'.hi  ;  and  il  IS  a:ri-ediliat,  imharwcail 


Us  vilihlc  liori/.. 


h.  dili.in.  cot  2:;  le.ic,iiLs,aii.|  il 
aiv  lo  or  (.en  much  taither  ;  lothat 


linall  itlaniU  of  F  .cv 


I  cannot  lie  k  I   ih.in  .-00  niih  s. 


Ill/,), 


IC  .It  the  Wed  i-iul   ol  Si 


M 


TI 


.iiuiin.i. 


and   1- 


IC 

iva.;nati  I, 


I  pan 


1 
Ma 


Ilk 


iiiy,  and  hoili  the-,   and  tl 


aic  liii  jtcl  lo  the  king  ol'ilic  Tw  >  Si,  ih. 


i<r 


ALTA,  (ij  ni.lcs  I. anil  ot  L'apc  rall'iro  m  Si, 


lot  an  ova!  t 
■  iir  i^  hoi,  l)ut 


iliiii\ 


:o  till 


'Mv.; 


and 


I  2  niiud. 


Till 


and  the  -.vlmle  ill.ind  is  ol  auliit.: 


loll  roik,  coverul    to  tin  de.tli   of  a  foot  will 


' 


I ' 
iHcscotfon,  indiiio. 


contiirh  i\  I 


:u  la'.hei 


•J' 

pircandlinelv  adormd  in  tlic  mlidc.   Tlicot 


In-.',- 


-,11 


Worthy  iiotii 


are,  the  ari 


hhill 


root',  hiibs,   is,e.  I 


and 


nin  earth, 
a  variety  ol' fruits, 


llie  gciierai  hofpnal,  lalicd  La  Logaio,  the  L 


lop  S   p.llliC, 


and  tort  • 


At  tl 


i/aietto. 


ic  annual  tair,  kept   iicrs-  in  AulhiiI, 


great  tpiantitics  ot  toieign  |',oods  arc  expollil   to  I. 


T 


lie. 


IC  ti;y  Iks  on  a   gcntl 


li.gc  luhuriis,  and  1    weil  hirni 
Ct 


ccliviiy  al'iig  tiic  f'-a. 


(lied 


.viin  ualcr  hv  liil)- 


teir.ine  HIS  aipudiiCls,  and  all  kinds  of  pro\  iiions,  from 
fea  and  l.ind.     Tin-  jiort  is  of  an   oblong  oval  form, 


ea  aiu 
.•11   I 


jriili  d,  Willi  a  lit.ul,!,  .md  oi 
\  that  ihips  o:   .So 


icr  works 


and 


can  lomc  ciolc  up  to 
i|iuv.     The  city  ail, 1  is  (liongiy  lortiiied,  tliougli 
ri:;iil.irl\.     In   ' 
Re 


11   u-    iKigliliourli,)od   arc  fome  hot 


iiiiiii  ;al  waters,  ellcemcil  very  g 


K  diteales. 


Tiie 


iiict  manulacu 


aga 


if  th 


'iaic    is 
ilb  cniT 


iliat  ot  tilb.     Some  ol'  tiv,-  iniia'aiams  arc  u 
ploved  in  (iflvng,  cultivating  vine^  .uul  mullKrry-trccs, 
and  freedin.',  Iilk-woniv. 


Th, 
iivcr 


i.iv.i;.;c--  of  tlu-   latal  ear  iiiiuake-,  of  1  7S 


iv  tell 


ic.     A  range  ot  iiiagniliicnt  buil.li 
.-f 


were 


in  th-  t.'ini  01  a  u-^lVcnt,  \\l,ich  eM.-nded  lor  tin-  I'piue 
ot  an  It.ili.in  mil.-,  \\as,  in  lorn-  pans,  totalh  ruined. 
In  till  |..,.ir  p.'.it.  of  Meliina  moll  ottlie  buildings 
were  dell'-'iyeti;  and  700  ot  the  un'ortiinate  iniialiit.uus 
were  eiti.e:  ciriied  o|}  b\  the  dieaiitul  wave  vvliiih.ame 
*i-(;.-ii  the  ro,  k  otSivil.i,  or  liuiied  in  liic  ruin^  ol'iiieir 
liaiM:.,-.!  Mis. 

>'  '■ ,  Ii!  ,  aiK.entlv  a  Vi  rv  noiilc  eirv,  i- pr.'ttv  well 
fo.iiii.d,  and  lia->  a  poi-tia|ui->Je  ol' leicivirg  tlie  iargell 
V' tie:  .  '.viih  a  llrong  caliie,  fupplied  wiih  ]  knty  of 
w-.iii-r  1)1  the  fount.un  o;  .\ietliufa,  lo  I'.imed  amon^ 
tin-  .Ul-  i'  nls. 

i'.iiirnio,  .incl.ntly  l'ano!;;uis  is  a  la'-^ie,  rich,  and 
uclid'.iii.'i  city,  lirii-it  il  ai  tii-  vcr\  botioiu  ofaguijiii, 
jowliiihii  gives  na;iie.  It  isanarchicpilcopal  lee.  Tlic 
M.ciiiv's  palace  i- ani.Mnificent  lii-u.T;;ri,ado!neii  witli 
tint  iiuipiuris,  ganim-,  tee.  and  llrv^-  iniUail  of  a 
c.iiiie.tlandinj,  hi.;li,.ind  lieing  flanked  wiiii  Ionic  lofty 
tow^r-,  and  other  work-.  There  are  many  otiier  tine 
piii-lic  CkiilKcs,  as  tile  C'.dicdral,  leverai  foiinlaiii', 
ilie  city  gai.-,  wiiieli  lead-  lo  the  fcafuK,  the  i;'jav,  I 
mole,  torts,  convent-,  t-nviidioufc,  loniliiiildioule,  | 
and  univeiliiv.  The  quay  is  one  01  the  hiull  waik- 
aiioiit  liie  i!tv,  being  vviilc,  of  a  great  lengiii,  and 
planted  vvitli  tie.-.  Tiie  port  is  fate  and  comiiiodi  uis 
every  where,  i-i  ept  on  tin-  Ibiitli-uell  t.-Jc,  vvliicli  is 
lull  ol  rocks,  ill  a  rife  no  hi>^iier  tlian  ilie  I'uriace  oi 
the  lea. 

Oil' tlic  north  co.lll.^  of  Siiiie,  in  tlie  Tufi  an  lea,  ii. 
h  ver.'.l  iniall  illands,  cilied  tiic  Lipari  Iti.r.id-.  l.ip.ui, 
ill-  piiiuipai,  cnj'iv  .  a  vvliox'tonie  air,  a.ivlrhh  toil, 
p  o.lu,  ing  >  0:11,  vviiic,  and  fruit,  cipeciiilv  lig-  and 
I  liliii-,  in  gn.u  plenty,  togetiier  wiiii  I'ulphur,  aliuni, 
and  bitumen.  Il  liaili  a'lo  iome  e\celleiit  ii  n  fi)rin_j,s; 
and  on  ihc  oalts  .ire  cauglu  a  g'' 'at  vari.-ty  ot  line 
filli,  will:  wiiicli  il  carries  on  a  conlideraiilc  coium.iie. 
Tlie  t-.i|-)i;ai,   i  a'led  alio  Lipaii,   is  llrong  iuiiii  i>v  na- 


coninioiiities, 
wiio  l|)e.il.  It 
llie  iniinii-\ . 


it 


lilt    corn  and  lah  arc  the  pi.ncipal 


conta  lis  al)ciit   (cr.oo  inh'.hiiants, 
1. 


ill. .11  in  llie  t(Avn',  and  a  loiiupt  .'\iai)i 


Th 


lit- 


eoidcrofilie  knights  of  .St.  J,,li,i  oi   (eiiilakni 


lllC  111 


llie  II  ilv  Laml  in  H 


knigliis  luainraiiicd  the 


I  III  icniury, 


TIej 


Land,  ag.iinlt  ail  the  ill',. it 


ir  ground  in  Sviia,  and  lli.'  H 


ulv 


s  or  11 


1' 


ol  two  liuiuirid 


iiii 


V' 


lem,  ti.ev  r,  lim 


liiil 
to  C' 


s,  tor  tile  Ipacu 


I  lie. I  t.i 


themkbc    mailer-  of  ti-.e  lll.uid  of  RIhh, 


'Cing  at  l.ill  comp, 

,ii.-i  at'tci  wards  iii.adi; 


es,  winch  ihiv 


ilclendid,  to:  20  year  ,  agiiinll  all  tiie  p.owcr  of" 


en; 


,i,lo 

the  intideis.  A'  the  cxiniaiion  ot  that  time  tliey  w 
I  .miiiclkil  lor. lign  the  iliand,\viili  all  its  dependent 
loSolymanll.  Alter  fevcral  all'ect  ing  vi.ifliuide-  ofior- 
tiiiic,  tiie  Older  at  Icii'.ili  oiitained  trom  the  cnipeior 
Charles  V.  an  af  •  ■    •     - 


\  liim  lot  (licir  Ic.iitcr 


i',iccb;  and  m 


the  vear 


;o  look 


jliion 


of  the  itlands  of  MalM 


and  (io/./o.      In  lliele  illands  liic  order  lliil  exiil:,  and 


dilli 


itlied  by  the  title  of  the  knijlus  of  Malta 


The  kniglits  contill  ot  eipiit  ton 


I  iliiel  ot  vvhicii  : 
!  and    ( 
ail, 


rcneli,  Ualrm 


iciiinn. 


gucs  or  nations, 
Spani.irdi,  Engii 


Ih: 


Ik  V  II  ive  '  ommai.iicnc- 


111 


or  molt  ii.ui 


a 


or  iltates. 


)t    ihe    Roman  Catiioiu 


tries,  and  arc  l.iul   to  :iiiiouiii  to  ab.ni. 


ougn 


I  all  I 


o  he  ot  .UK  lent   n, 


lie   i. 


luiilie 


TOO. 

;  liiit 


i,nii  s  no,  lilt 


hliiei 


rit,  and  Inch 


pel 


111 


Jllie- 


eil  Willi,  i.ii  ace 


ouni  ot  perloiial 


I  ailed  aiv.Uurt  at  gnitia. 


Not 


only  tiie  gr.uul-maller,  Ihii  ilic  kn;::iit-  in  geiisral,  are 
capable  ot  iieiiig  ;idvanced  to  a  c:irdi.-.ar.-,  hat.  Accord- 
ing to  tiie  llatiiies.  no  ii.uiiral  ihiliiren,  tiiofc  ot'greac 
jirinces  exeepiid,  nor  pcrhMi-  under  1  S  ye;irs  of  auc, 
can  l)e  ailmiiied  into  t!'e  order:  1  ut  tiie  pope  iiiav  dil- 
pcnfe  with  th  U  qiialilication--,  and  the  grand-mallcf 
h:i-  an  uiilim:ud  privilege  to  uiani  liiis  favour  to  ll.-^ 
pcrfons. 

\aietta,  the  i;ii-!':ial,  isa  iiandfuinc  town,  with  an  cx- 
celieiu  liarb  lur,  and  llroii'Jy  foriitied.  Here  are  a, 
handlbmc  p;iiaie  lor  ilie  grand  m.iller,  feveral  con- 
vciiis,  nuiincric-,  ami  churciics,  llie  principal  of  which 
is  dedicated  to  .St.  .loiin,  a  college  of  j^luits,  a  large 
hofpit.il,  :ind  a  iiuilding  where  Turkilli  ikives  are  kept. 
Ot  tiie  other  tovvns,  the  mol'  coiindeiable  are,  Citta 
\'itiorlola,  or  11  Borgo  Senglea,  Maiia,  called  alio 
Medini,  and  Ciita  Vcvchia,  v.iiere  tiie  biiliop  rslidc>, 
IJormola,  Ciitaiiuova,  Cottoneia.  l-'orte  di  S.  Tliomalio, 
and  Fort  ■  R  illb. 

Tile  itlaiiii  ot'CJjz/o  is  verv  fiuittul,  and  has  I'cvcral 
go  ill  harbour.-,  and  llruiig  joits. 

I  S  I,  A  \  [)  S    01^    TH  I    A  I)  R  1  A  T  I  C,    fee. 

LI'S  ION  A,  or  Leiina,  j^  miles  north-call  of 
N.ipie-,  IS  aiiout  70  miles  long,  and  it)  iiroad. 
llu-  llior-  i-  lo'.v,  li.-.-tw.)  callles,  and  a  Molaic  kind  of 
dci.ivcd  c.iulew.iy.  Tiie  rell  i:,  inhabited  Liy  luilband- 
meii,  vviio  cuiiivatc  tiie  moll  fertile  pan  o(  fae  country, 
wlilili,  thoiiih  mountainous  aini  lo-ky,  producc-i 
pkiiiv ')'  i.iin,  -Aiiie,  .ilivis,  I'aliio;,,  honey,  and  fruits, 
T.ieic  l.ve  in  towns  and  large  vilace^,  Ijnic  ot  ico, 
lo.ii.-  .;oo  families;  and  th.n  is  coniider.iblt  g.iiii  t'rom 


:uiil  an,  vieil  inhabited,  and  .111 1  piUopal  le^,  u.ldcr  | ;  good  lilhcrics 


tur: 

tli.it  of  .\lcliina.     S 

iiland 


lie 


aie  manv  tine  muiches,  mona' 


iioml)  ill,  the  111. 


s,  i-  now   co;iliJjrcd  as  ih.- 
No.  00. 


iiliern  ofdulc  |i  lerie-,  Sec.     Tlic  capital,  of  die  lame  name,  is  a  well 
.11  liL^ht-hoiile  ot  ii  buill  aiiu  poiiuloiis  city. 


II  F 


Corfu. 


i' 

!1 


'< 


i  '  ^i  ' 


c>4-         A  NF.W,  ROYAI.  ano  AUTHF.NTIC  SY5Tr.M  or   VSl\V.R<^M.  (iKOf.RAI'l  lY 

CoRri',  urCoRCVRA,  n  .ir  tli  ■  tti'Hiili  ot  the  Aiiti- 
iitii',  I"*  al'Diit  1  io  mill"-  in  tiaimviuiuc,  :uul  .i  viiv 
iiDjiiiitant  |i!:Ki' to  till'  \iiicii.ui-,  who  li.uc  ■iiici  illv 
alv'Ut  1 ;  p.illu-,  ami  oihir  V:  (ill-.  The  |i|.i. i-  i-  U 
niou?  tor  liili,  wini.olivi-,  I-  iiions,  ( vdcr,  iki .  Coitu, 
the  piincip.il  titVt  li:i'  -^  mi.iro[)i>ht;m  (.liiinh  oi  the 
(iiftk--.  It  i  a  h:vn(h'o:iif  town,  nrul  well  iliiciuitil 
In  an  imincf-'iiablf  lalUc,  callcii  S;.  Aiigi . 


Cepmai.'>ni A  1^  r.uhir  l,»r!;i-i  ihnii  Cor'ii,  rii'dxii* 
friiiitul.  1  iu'  cai'itai,  lalloi  t\  piialinia,  i*.  ,i  lilli..|i\ 
ll'f.  Arp'litK)  IS  tJK  |irnui[\il  |>'iri,  aiul  i!k  rtii>l^nci; 
yt'tlu-  goViTiior ;  anil  Alio  is.i  tln'iiij  |,.iii\is. 

/antf,  12  mik"  liniili  (irc.'.ph.ituni.i,  is  i  ;o  m\l-< 
in  ciri.umtt!ivu\ ,  iiuniiirninon.,  anJ  (iil'iii"t  to  cuth- 
i]u.ik',-^.  it  !i\s  liiiiuntr.  pliiitv  ft  wines  "''»  c<>rn, 
ami  fruit,  /.iiiie,  the  i.ipii  il.  is  populous  ;  ami  nc.u 
Chiari,  a  tla-port  town,  are  tw'i  Iprini!- of  elear  wa- 
ter, which  ilir.viv  i,p  piteh.  S  uth  Iroin  Zante.  on  the 
Morea  eiull,  lie  tno  Iniall  chiller  ot  iflamls,  the  nm- 
iilivil  Sirophaiiis,  tiicoih.T  Sirivali.  Ccri|>o,  tornurlv 
Ci'rhera,  i-  a  rtxkv-  lviri\  n  lilir.d,  f'oniile  i;i  liicom  e- 
reniX',  l->et\v  en  Cnv'ii  mil  ihc  Mare,  and  lom  iii:ii\i;  a 
town  ct  the  lame  nxrx. 

LtfCAPiA.  or  S'.  Mai'pa.  li.=  in  tin-  Ionian  Si, 
iind  i>.divid.d  tVni  the  lo.uii'eiii  i^y  a  IliaU  not  a'l  vi 
50  paces  oVvT,  '  r  nioie  than  t'nir  ttct  d  ep.  The  Car- 
t!i;;ginia!is  1- ii'ed  .icilony  iiere,  and  ttrm.dt'K-  llrait; 
fur  r.eiKadia  \\a-  (uniierly  a  iieniiil'ula.  Near  lie 
toun  o  Loiii  as  ( i  tew  r.  niain^  ol  wliich  are  llill  to  Ix 
fi-en'»  (h>od  tiie  famed  r*  k  ot  L.tuate.  from  niui  li  d  • 
Ipaiiing  lovers  tliri\v  ihemlelvis,  as  an  tfif-ivii!  cure 
for  low'.  Tlie  \^lu)le  itland  1^  fruitful,  and  near  4-j 
miles  Ml  cirvumfcieace. 

Can'pia.  fbtmcrhCi- te,  1  (iimt  d  in  th  luiiii  r- 
tlie  A  cliipela-o.  Candia,  a-^  ;fpilv  the  capiial  plati, 
IS  now  in  ruins,  and  ill'  har' our  f >  (pn'ii-d  a^  to  aii- 
mit  only  I  o;;t^.  The  wall  ,  hoACVd.  wiiiiii  are  vei 
lla'.ding,  nc  prciiv  lion;.;.  It  heloiv^  to  liic  Turk-. 
\\h  t  ok  It  n  i!i''n.  The  air  IS  J.!. -d,  and  th  ■  loll  !er- 
tile.  In  the  c;tv  otC'.ndia  ilie  I  e .dcrlicc;  refid' ',  ar'.d 
intlic  town  ot  Candia  there  i-  a  Iviiliau.  Mount  Ida, 
to  tam.d  in  hilVr\',  is  only  a  buren,  di(a<:rteai'i-.-, 
ila'-p-poinlid  eminti'.ve,  lituatcd  in  th-  middle  ot  t!-,e 
ifbnd. 

Tiie  Cyci  aoe--  li''  a  nvimlv.r  of  iflands  of  iln  Ar- 
cliipiingo,  dilpofid  in  the  form  <i:'  a  lircle,  :'.s  ''  ■: 
name  inip'^r;  .  \Vi-  lli.ili  i.nniii  r:'.te  tl.em,  and  ;'.i;end 
to  I'licii  ot  tii.ni  panicul.irh  a-  merit  d  h  rip: ion. 

The  ifland  of  Miio,  or  Mc'os,  is  :o  111  I'"  in  cir- 
rumter.nce;  and  coiunin":  alinii  5:  c,o  inhai  :ta.;i  .  It 
iia-  a  !ov.  n  of  tiie  lime  nam-  in  the  ealh  rn  j  at  ot  ih'- 
itland,  with  one  of  th.-  larj;-H  and  bt'.l  hailiour-  in 
tiie  Mediterranean;  which  icrve^as  nrttn  u  toi  wllel 
paiTin^  t-)or  trom  the  L.evant.  The  ifland  ;i!  ounds 
in  deli. at  ■  fruit-,  exciilent  wines,  and  f.'jood  r.ittle.  Il 
is  remark:iblc  tiir  producing  plume  ailuin,  and  lalt  i'- 
fo  p!.;ntifu.  as  learcely  to  btar  a  price,  li  is  fToM-nied 
bva^ad.;  ai.d  ti;e!e  arc  two  liilhops,  one  ol  ti.eGrixk, 
and  !  .e    'li  r  of  ti-.e  L,a;in  cliurLl;. 

Tiie  I.:;-,-,  r-.,  at  tome  dillame  from  die  h.ir'-'  ur,  i"i  -i 
VlTV  ro::.anii  appear. inrc.  h  Ifrvisi^  .1  ih' 'lei  |oi  l!i  p- 
hcrds.  who  icLire  uiidir  it  to  dr;|- tlieir  vi..-ci.i!  ;  .uid 
is  the  porch  t"  cert;v;n  {ralleric  ,  tlu-  purjiolv.-  ..t  ■Alueh  is 
di.'ticuit  to  d''er:!'.in,-,  uni-!s  ilv.y  arc  ant  lent  cuiir- 
ries  from  whicii  lion;'  wa  formeily  liu;^  for  buildnii; 
the  tnwn  ;  bur  this  I'on',  i  hi'Jit,  t[)on.;y,  and  bv;us 
all  i.he  marks  of  Ija-  ly  dc.ay.  The  luirouiidini,',  locks 
are  of  thk' fame  nature;  and  tlu- luhteiiancou  tre  i, 
contimiallv  iindermuiin j  tiiciii. 

Oil  die  v.r.  edge  ot  ihe  fa,  aljout  a  mil'.-  tr  jiu  tiv  le 
quarrir-.,  isaj^iolto,  ]jh.'ntitully  luppli  d  'o\  a  hot  tul- 
piiurou-  tpring;  the  vapour  ot  whitii  m:ikcs  du-  pl.icf 
J.  natural  llo.c  or  |v.\.atiu^;,-room,  lalutary  in  vau'j'j* 


<!i!or<!ers :  and  for  miny  a;',i-  thr  p.  ..pK  hive  Ind  r 
loiirle  Io  this  bath   101   ( mnpl,  mis  t' ,it  le-'uii'd  I   i- 
mod  .u'livenicdicin.  '.w',!,  h  dermil  dieirclii-  a;  vfoi:.. 
the  iile  of  ih.t-  w:i:i  is.      Ii  wa'-  I'eiiili.idy  I'.oo.I  u,  tiiip 
liw  dil.'ideis,  ami   is  n.uch  Ireqiienie.l  by  the  (iutk. 
ol  the  iKiiihboiiiiiv.i  idmds  on  tliat account. 

Aril  ntieia  is  an  illaiul  of  the  (ir.cian  Arclup- 'a;»o, 
foiiiuily  known  by  the  naiiu  ol  C'imoiis,  ami  wluih  1* 
dill.  In  iIk- moduli  mhabiiints,  cdLdKimo'i.  Tin 
bieiuii  na\ii;at"r--  have  nani.il  it  Ai^;.  niiira,  tioiu  il,i- 
idvii  mine  il.lcovei.d  in  it;  but  ili  I'c  are  nou  [hv.i 
lip,  ind  the  n.i'ivesd.ny  all  kno.sh-iljt^-  of  bu  h  mn  d 
beinc;  in  iliw  ifland.  from  an  apiinlKiifi  in  tint  il;- 
I'urU  mi^'Jit  compel  ih.m  to  labour  in  the  mines.  U 
I  a  iiarr  n  liwr,  dill.tutc  of  all  w.-.t  r  bm  wliat  can  be 
f.ivi  d  in  cilicrns  .m,!  I. a  but  (jn.- vil'a;',i  in  it. 

1  h' re  is  not  .1  mor.- «b:mal  piai-.-  in  all  liu-  [  .ivitii 
than  il;i-  illand,  uhcli  is  imeud  with  ro.  k-.,  i!nr 
ic  .III  ly  lull',  r  a  t  \\  tree  toiirwi  ami  in  wl  m  h  ihe 
land  ixlubits  no  v.umre.  S  nne  ti.  Ids  uf  b.ultv  ml 
'Oiton  arc,  indeed  lo  be  touiid  round  the  viila<j,e, 
uliiih  1-,  only  .m  ailembla^i-  ot  milirall"  coii  i;;es, 
.' here  ilij  women,  childrm,  and  c.ttle,  all  cii'ti.l  pro- 
miuiioi'lly  tot'cihcr.  lb.-  di.l-  ot  ihe  women  is  in- 
I  on  enablv  riii;.  iiicu-i,  ci-ntiiliri<;  of  .iiienorm  -u--  load 
ol  li.ien  liitti>ienti\  dirtv  !  Ti.eir  imder  pitinoai  is 
only  [heir  Ibort  llu  i.  cmln-iidered  w  itli  led,  ili.t  l.av.s 
ilivir  lcp,s  expoled;  tiie  ihiiknc's  ol  wIihIi  i>  JU'  med 
a  piiiuipil  aitide  ol  I. mil'  b  auty.  Thoir  10  mIi m 
nature  h.iv  dinieil  ihis  .ilvaiii.i;',  ■  endeavwiir  10  fu;  ply 
llu-  deficiency  I  y  il-i,e  or  I'oiii  pair  of  tin, k  lb)  ki:.>.;s. 
W  hen  the  leu,  is  Io  uni'  umlc  ti.u  k  all  tl'.e  wav,  a-  to 
b.  tiulv  pert",ei.  accordino  to  ill.  ir  ftandard,  ih.  la  lies 
add  a  pa'r  ot  lull  bi«.!s  i,t  lui  \-lvet,  frcou.i-.iiy  de- 
i  orated  wiiii  fniall  lii.er  buttons  I'lu-pla:.-,  wlin 
i..!at  r.ie  Ar.  Iiijiili  ,0,  ji.il-iiKir  winter  in  Av  -mie'-.i ; 
■ind,  ii\  liiending  tiivir  nioiu\  .imo.ig  tl.c  naiives,  con- 
lo.e  diein  lor  all  tiieir  iiiconver.i  nccs. 

.•\n  ula:;e  is  cllaljlillied  in  this  dlaml,  will  known  to 
I'... It-Ill  111  l.iilors.  oi  i.ikin;j;  a  wi  e  f .r  tlietvri.i  of  a 
man",  lelidcme  th  re.  The  iliii  ■  o!  fuch  <K..iiion.il 
adventure-  ar.'  fuliiii.-ntlv  handl'.ime  to  b,- di!!ini;iiilh- 
ed  am  >ni^  tiiew.mi.n,  not  ■  itlillaidnvf  tiie  dref-  by 
wiiicii  tluv  dusiijiu'c  ti  tmi'.  b,  .  Tiie  luiialur  of  in- 
:ia:i:.;:'.t'  i,  muiii  ii:ni  r.^Iied  ,  .t  laie  year. ;  anil  tlicjr 
no*  icarcjlv  amount  to  tv.o  luindred. 

liii^  iflaml  IS  iilcbiMied  lor  iho  earth  known  by 
ih.  name  ul  CimciLi  Uir.i;  wlii.  h,  accoiding  to  t!ie 
aniients  w■a^  eliiciiijiis  111  St.  Anth  nv'*-  liu,  inliini- 
iii.itKjij  ,  .iiui  oilv.r  rXUr:Kil  all'iciiinu;  being  appliid 
bv  wav  of  caiiplilin.  Tiiey  a'to  iiltd  it  tor  blca^t,- 
mi;  "t  linen,  and  .  leaning  of  cloail  s.  Tlii--  laitii, 
lii  a:,-';i  |on;j;  di!ie'.^arded,  and  .upjioled  to  111- lolf,  is, 
lioA.  iir,  Itiil  veiv  plentiful  in  Arg'ntieia,  Siph..nio, 
Mil',  and  o'ler  illands  ;  and  is  a  marie  oi  a  lax  and 
;;...l  i.  texture,  ot  a  pure  1  ri;;I\t  wl.ite  colour,  .".nd  !oft 
lo  thi  I  iiicli.  It  IS  evidently  tiie  lame  fubllaiKc  ttiaf 
!-•  loiind  in  th-v  eoiiiuy  of  Corn.val!,  and  w'iii-li  we  call 
Si.  allies,  <!r  tlie  loap-rock. 

Sip'.anto  IS  ,in  illand  of  the  Ciiecian  A'-  liipe'ap<. 
Tl;e  air  i-.  f)  icliolclom.  here,  that  m.uiy  ot  i!:;-  iaha- 
biianf-  live  Io  the  ive  uf  1  zo.  Their  wattr,  t'ruiis, 
■ii'd-lowl,  and  poulirv,  arc  exce'.l  nt,  inil  nv  re  ilpen- 
:.!  V  ihe<;iap--s.  It  .djoundi  w.th  iiurbli  and  I'.ianit-  ; 
'.n  I  i>  not  only  oiv.'  (;f  ilie  moll  ferule,  liut  one  ot  tlm 
1 1-;;  ■  ulir..  ted  "I  thile  iflaml.-.  Tin.  in' abitants -n:- 
jl.nv  ih 'luleive-  in  railin:;  olive  tr.<  ■■  ai"l  .  ip-- i  ,  ...i  I 
liavi  veiy  jjood  lilk.  'i'iiey  tiaile  in  tij,^,  w,i\,  hoi.e'  , 
onion-,  .ind  llraw-h.'.ts,  ::iitl  their  numb.i  iiiis  am  mi.i. 
to  about  five  ihoul.  ild. 

The  diels  of  the  ".omen  o(  .Siphaiito  is  mm  li  lefs 
<lila«ie.-a!le  than  thu  o'  lome  o.  ihe  lieu  liOouiini/ 
illand-,  and  bears  a  latl  relemiilaiiee  1  >  tlie  true  Gre- 
ciin  haijit.  The  plate  ex'iibiis  t;  i-  icpicl  n...iioii  if  ,1 
woman  .ittendinp,  th'"  c<jnc.  in  ol  her  youii-;  f  milv. 
blaiiimoi  ksare  ulc  I  tor  \oiin<.',cl'il-!ren  in  m  .ay  ol  tiii 
iflands  in  ihe  An  liij  eia^o;  but  the  beds  aic  h.'^rcr, 
turner,  and  ni'^'J  aui.waid,  in  Siph-U'io,  tliaii  in  .i  y 


I 


(.r.Of.RAl'llY. 

ilif  p     pli  luvr  li;\d  r 

i(ltri\nl  ihtir  tlii-  r.  <  f..:  • 
I''  I'll  nil. I'ly  :.',(.i<iii  III  ciMj' 

tri'iiiii:iiii'.i  hy  tlic  (iitck 
n  that  ;uciMiiit. 
ilic  ( ir- 1 1. in  Ardiip'  'i  'o, 
'  ot  Citr.nlis,  ami  «1ik  li  i 
lilts  c.JI.il  Kimo't.     1 1n. 

il  II  All;'-  ntiir.i.  ti"in  il.f 
t;  Init  ill  Ic  :>ic  ii'Ia  llii:; 
I  kiu>.\Kil;;i,'  ot  I'm  II  nui  il 

x.\  ;i|ipr>i\inli  in  tint    l!v, 

0  Lihmir  111  ilic  niiiK';.     U 
all  .1.  ..t  I'  I'll'  wl'.at  cm  In 

I!  uU,'  \  ll'  I'.'.i.  ill  It. 

lal  p'aiL-  ill  all  liu'  [  ivnni 
uncKil  wiih  ro.  Us  ll.  it 
t>i  "Miivv;  and  in  w^  ><  li  llic 

S  MllC   tl.  Ill''    (it    i\ui(  V     111.1 

liiuiid  round  ilic  villa!.',i.-, 
1^0  ut  milu'al  K  ci'tt  i;',cs, 
.  and  cittlc,  all  irriil  pi  i- 
(li.  !•-  (it  llu-  wi.iiKii  's  ;n- 
it'iiliM'.;  <'t  .\.n  cn>>i'iii  'U^  l^ad 
Tl.cir  iiiidcT  patiioat  is 
iidercil  wall  111!,  ili.'t  l.av.s 
iknc-'s  ')i  wliiili  i>  liln  iiii'l 
•  li.aiity.  Thoii'  to  wlv  in 
.iniajT-  cndiMviiiir  to  In;  ;'!',' 
[1  ai;  pur  ot  lliuk  llo  ki;,;-.s. 
iK  v.-.i.  ',1  all  tlie  V  av,  :i  •  to 
til  ill.  ir  rtamlarii,  tli.  la  iii-s 
till  \  .Ivet,  tivqiui;;!)  di-- 
niitiuis  Till-  pi  a;.s  wlin 
.  tlu'ir  wi'Ucr  in  Ar"  lui'.-'.i ; 
iHV  .imoiig  the  nat.vfs,  to.i- 
nviiii  nits. 

in  tliis  iflaiul,  wil!  kn;i\\n  to 
n;j:  a  wi  e  t^r  tin-  i.ri.i  oi'  x 
■|io  itili.-  1)1  i'.n'li  111  •  .ilimial 
liaiuli'.iiiK'  to  11.-  di'.lmjiuilli- 
3t 'itlida'ulMvr  till- itifl<  by 
ll',  \\\  .  The  luiMibcr  ot  in- 
liid  i.t  latf  yiar.. ;  and  tiny 
)  !u:ndrat. 

;d  :.ir  th.-  earth  known  by 
7;  wliiili,  according  to  t!.e 

1  St.  Arnli.inv's-  lin',  iiillir.i- 
al  alVictii'ns  I  icing  apprkd 
K'V  a'lo  ulid  it  tor  lik-.aii,- 
iig  of  ikiaii  s.     Tlii'-  laitli, 

and  .uppolcd  to  he  loll,  is, 
111  HI  Aiginticra,  Sipli..ni(', 
and  IS  a  niarlt  oi  a  kix  and 
1  ri5';hc  white  colour,  and  loft 
iitiv  th.f  lame  I'uhiliiKc  that 
Coni.vall,  and  w'iiiii  we  call 

if  iliL-  (ireciin  A',  lupt'airo. 
iicri,  iliai  iii.my  ol  i!:-  i.iiia- 
1  lo.  Tlii'ir  wati  r,  tniiis, 
re  cxcf'.l  nt.  Inil  :iy  :c  .Ipcii- 
id>  With  imrbli  anil  ;',;.v:i;'.'  ; 
:;  moll  tiTi  ili',  IhH  or.c  ot  tl;;: 
land:.  Till-  iniaiiitaiit''  'ni- 
;',  o'iivc  tr.i-  and  .  ap;  i  ,  :..i  1 
iii.-y  tiadi-  in  li|_',s,  wax,  li'ir.e' , 
ml  dijir  iiiiinlKi  i)i'\  •""  "'i''- 

,en  ot  Si]  haiii'i  is  iinu  li  Icis 
)'.'  Toiiic  o.  the  iiiuliiHHiiins/ 
■  reicniblance  i"  tiic  trir-'  Grc- 
x'lihits  Uc  rcpitfni.uion  ot  a 
incrrn-  oi  her  yo'jii",  f  inilv. 
\oiin<>;chiliren  in  iiiuiy  ol  tiii 
,i!^o;  but  tl'i-  be..K  aic  li.'^:ici, 
aid,  III  Sipl.-ii-io,  tlia:i  in  ay 


^.v,y./.. W()Mi':Ny/Z ' />/^Ury\m\\\\T\vM\ n, // -  //v//^/^^^'. 


^A^ 


f 


■fl  ., 


M4w 


If 


5t« 


>'.^'      (' 


>w'ii  In  "J  J 


,  I  ■.' 


y  ' 


'I 


-    ^ ^'/.tr.t  >  :   ///<      \\'()MI']Xy     XlO,/'///    <////>     ///,<■/, f/f-    ^>''' 


/  //''-I 


///     //'    -      / /r///, //,//,/,/,■ , 


jliaM* ^jLi''^''i"tii,'i"" 


>'/lt//-    '■>/)'//''■> 


(  ,      rAHOS, 


/A/- 


7' 


A\i\i;s, 


/,..-///../, 


//.If  I  /// 


(\\\()K',\{\\'\\\   ^nr/i'.Jn,/ h/  ^n//,//.    // 


r 


i/f  ;//<■/// 1. 


:/ 


mm 


\^' 


in 


:t:!»*!' 


h.ii 


haps 


ri'Roi'F,.] 


K  IT  R  O  P  K  A  N      IS  I.,  A  N  0 


943 


other.  Tlu-  wo'Ticn  plu!  llicir  liair  wiili  wo.ill.n  h.mjs, 
a!i.i,  iiinimo-  u|uli(;  roju.^  ilins  ioriM'd,  'all  a  i1k'!1i  uii 
the  cr  nvn  ni   ilic  hcaJ..     When  thev  tiavtl  iiit  i  ihc 


CiuKitrv,    ra;'v  ikrccii  \    ■:\r 


\ioii'.  t\\)'.\\  ih.'  luat 


n     lie  uni,  'V  tiiv  I'li.'j  liua-  ia.is  wlih  itripi;-.  of  linca, 
f.iliciH-.i  i:  l.ii-f  th  ■  (Ml. 

TIk'  ill  aid  ui' I'.iro.  is  (vi  ■  of  the  moll-  itfi'ratcil  of 
the  C'y«  Licks.  Ill  it  livh.s  aail  popiifit'oii  it  loun  !  a 
coium.linhlit;  •|l(!llL-lKr  (ivcT  tar  l:Uc  of  Us  ni.it!;lil'Olirs  ; 
aii'l.  Ii\  the  (.-.iiira'.^e  ot  its  inli.ihitaus,  its  fr.x-doin  :'.iul 
{)rol|.f:ity  v.crc  luit:  lccni\cl.  The  I'.reat  Miltiades  at- 
tacked them  ia  vain;  hu:  the  iii/r,'  fortu'iatc  Themif- 
tc  le.  coir.|)  I  e  I  t!.eiii  t.^iihinit  to  the  Atiieaian  arms. 
Ji  then  tell  hiii'.'iri\ely  under  the  pawcro'  Mithridates, 
the  Ro'iians,  aaj  the  Venetians,  till  the  tamou  liir- 
I'.ir'.lfa  fin  ilk  Uil)ici:ti.d  it  to  the  Tuikilh  empire  under 
S  I'  man  II. 

Til  s  idan  I  i  III >'.v  lull  thiiiU  inhal^itiil.  Ia  a  lor- 
niei  \v.\r  with  the  Tiiiks,  the  RulFian'-  iia.l  very  |irii- 
d  !'t!v  ti\cd  th.ea  head  ipiarters  here.  The  retidaiee  ot 
tiie  Tones,  ot  lomfe,  ilr  )Vl  awav  a  part  of  the  inhilv- 
lant-,  I'A'crv  wIki  •,  indid,  we  nn\'  \ie',v  ihe  fid 
ve!iic;es  of  ilefolation.  In  ih  ii,  the  eouniry  is  ovei- 
tpr.  ad  with  the  riihell  Iragnieiits. 

'I'll.  mad)'.e  of  I'aioshas  lieen  famous  for  niinya;',.'s 
for  i:s  fape i"io|-  eXislleac.-. 

Of  all  th  ■  ii  me.;';,  wlii.h  ih.-tnodern  flreeks  prac- 
til'e  iii  ^iral  ■.  .  .  : '  ,  the  moll  common  is  called  tlu' 
Roav.  .1.  Th; .  iias  a  moil  (arprilino  co'if armiiy  witii 
the  d  uie.-s  oi  il'.sir  ancedo.s.  The  paffion  for  dane- 
iii:,  has  alwi  -  li.en  tl\  Lenc  .im  n;  t!;c  (iveekj;  nor 
lia\e  mi  (iiuia  md  Iti  vit'.idc  ijcenaiileto  luhdue  their 
Ii.il-aral  love  aa  pleafure;  fjrin  the  gaieties  it  a  lelli- 
val  ill.  V  forp;et  tlicir  milei' . 

A'liipa:-.  s  I-  remaikaMe  for  a  grotto,  wlii  h  is,  p  r- 
Iiaps,  onr  "f  t'-e  >!.riatill  > airiofiiie-  in  nature.  It  aji- 
pears  to  he  vlinit  4.?  lath  ".;is  h.|;h,and  30  broad.  The 
rooi  ioiiub  a  pieiiy  ^  Kid  arch,  which  every  way  enter- 
tains the  e\e  .\ .: h  an  inliiiit.'  varieiv  of  tij;ures,  ol' a 
while  traa!';i  1?  iii  clayilaline  maihic,  rcprefeniiii^  ve- 
^fiinles,  pillir',  anda  fiiperi)  |i)ramid,  all  wliii-h  ap- 
|).  .11  lo  '  e  i.  ;  ..  il. 

N...\ii,  or  N  ;.\o^,  is  .1  I  ).i(!derab!e  illaad,  1 :,  iiiiL's 
in  K.i.',!a,  111!  S'i  in  eiicariikiva.c.  The  wliol  ■  i^ 
covcr.d  with  or.K-jjji,  lem  ni,  i;ive,eedai,  citron,  ;)one- 
"r.iait',  Ti\i  and  luu'lie;  i"v  H  -s;  aiid  ali  .lar.ds  wiih 
Ipiirj^s  and  oroak-.  The  ill.'.nd  li.i--  11  i  ;^ood  liaihoiir; 
\  I  the  inhabiiae.is  1  a:  :<  on  a  coniiderable  ira.le  1:1  b.ir- 
ley,  waie,  lis^-,  cotton,  lilk,  11  ..x,  cluefe,  fait,  oil,  and 
cattle,  li  is  inh.ai'ited  both  li\  (jieAsand  Litiiis,  who 
live  in  'ji.ai  d:..;d  of  the  Turk  ;  I'l  that  wliea  the 
iiie.in  ll  of  Tiv.ir  lliips  a|  pear  lie:e,  tht\  alwayu.ar 
r.d  I  p-  like  L;ilIev-ll.iVLs;  but  as  lo  ai  ai  tliey  are 
,  lliey  llaa.  put  on  l'  ir  caps  o'.  \el.el. 
il     leii.a'e  d;ef  ol  this  dkiiid  li.io  foilietl.ing  iruly 


k' 


riJii  ii  IS  in    its  api),ar.ince. 
bku  k  \eK\l, 


The  two  wiii'i.s 


o'   die 


diich  the)  fix  behind  to  their  llioi.l.'.i 
arc  ;\!u)j^,ihii  pre]- 'IlLrou-.     'i'li.y  wear  a  lieav\  Il 


iuu:i-r, 


or  oieill  piece,  ol'vel\tt,  covered  widi  eni- 
biui  leiv  ,  u.l  fiH.il!  p  at'-.  If  ue  view  tliem  behind, 
we  lliali  be  a>.,ain  liifaiiled  10  fee  round  their  loins, 
wli  t,  I  or  ua  a;  •  f  a  l;e;!ei  lame,  wo  mull  be  contuit 
to  c.ill  a  c.r.'..La  die  f,  uiLulated  <■  fupporl  i!ie  end.s 
of  a  kind  of  laeel  l.ippei.  liaiujng  down  Irom  tliiir 
l!io(i!dcis;  in  wail  h  alK.e  have  to  adaiiie  i^  a  com- 
poliiion  of  uoiuidiiv,  Tliey  aid  to  this  romantic  curii- 
l,.roll^  il  e  s  all  ih  eoqu  U)  e/,  Ivliaviour  th.y  can  af- 
I'.ime.  Tiiey  p.an;,  ll.ii.kea  their  eve-brows  and  e\  e- 
lalli.s,  ai-  1  covei  ih.ar  ace^  e.ii'.:  pitch. s,  m.id  •  oiiiie 
1  aves  oi  a  bfu  k  lltin  n  ',  t  d.-,  wlacli  th  y  lliil  m  the 
illand.  Hut  in  the  f iriii  ot  livir  patciie  ilie\  Iv,  iriv  ,'. 
li.  kkii  fs  bevoiid  evLii  v\li.ii  is  ilicAn  in  our  cUni.ie: 
llie\  t'oiiictuiies  cut  tluni  in.ai^ukir,  lometime-  like  a 
liar;  but  a  patch  like  a  cufceiii,  or  halt-nio.ai,  p'a..  d 
between  the  t  e,  is  tliout^Iit  to  be  inMidii  1 
hil. 


.lUll- 


To  finilli  I'ae   cli.irader  of  ikele  laniai'r. 


Iks,   II 


ii:a\  beadd(.d,  that  ihcy  are  lo  \.\.n,  that  ulua  ti  ey 


reimn  out  of  the  country  to  iln 


ilicir  tn-.vn-Iioiili.s,  they 
v.ill  have  pahar  'ortv  women  in  llieir  train,  fonie  on 
alles,  aiuhome  on  'o  n  ;  one  ot  wh  an  eame  a  11  iokin 
or  two,  a  fccond  a  petti  •  at,  i  '.'aid  a  pair  ol  II  ikin;.s, 
and  loon:  all  which  o  nipo'e,  a  veiy  whiniiieal  kiV.J 
of  proceflion  to  ilra.ioers. 

The  ilkuid  of  Nio,  aiici..n(:v  called  I05,  from  b  im 
liill  pliateil  by  a  coLmv  o  '  loni.ins,  and  cikbratcd  as 
the  biin.;l-|)laie  ofHonKr,  is  aboui  ^5  mils  in  cir- 
(  umteieiice,  is  ftriile  in  lor.i,  but  lias  very  htilc  wood 
<)roil.  A  fewye.irs  a^oa.  Uuuli  nili  ■, t,  in  the  KulTian 
lervice,  who  had  oci  alioii  t.)  vilit  thi  ill  md,  fioin 
linilint;  feme  antique  marliles,  perfiiaded  liimfelf  ilian 
he  liaddiicovered  the  tomb.. I  1-lomer;  bui  as  we  have 
hcanl  no  more  about  it,  th  le  is  ixafon  to  foppole  he 
has  reaounccd  the  preteiili,  a. 

Thedivl,  of  the  v.om.n.it  .Vio  is  tar  troin  h  madif- 
i  reeable.  Tlu y  wear  only  a  plain  wailU oar,  wia  h 
Ihi  ws  tfu  if  Ibape  wiihoiii  aiu  conHraint ;  and  iluir 
p.iiiCoat-  are  ih'ii-t  enou:  h  to  brine;;  th  .ir  mad.  lly  n 
caiellMn;  a  ( ireumliance  v. liicli  eaiinol  b.  c.mliil.ied 
's  an  indication  ofilie  piiritv  .'f  tliea- niann.  as :  but  tlio* 
die"  are  notable  10  induf.e  mmh  in  thf  ariicL-  of 
dri  Is,  ilv.y  nevjrtlisl.  s  do  i:ot  violate  the  ;a.!ural  rubs 
ot  dei-  11.  y, 

Th.  reailirmannersand  behivioiirof tliele  itlander^ 
one  amoni.f  an'  th'T,  v.ith  tluar  kind  treatment  of  llr.m- 
;  er.,  r.  v.-,\  s  m  idea  o!  i'il  lim|dic;ty  of  the  priir.iiivc 
:'<'e-.  Men,  w.  iiT  II,  and  children,  appear  ca;j:er  to  .'o 
aa\  L);ood(jlh.es  for  travellers,  without  permitting  their 
lei  eanis  to  (hare  in  their  ili'igence.  This  benevolent 
tlitpoiitioi! is  without  any  mi.\ture"f  impeitineat curf. Il- 
ly or  interi.ll:,  luit  ii  the  genuine  remains  of  ancient 
!',  Ipitality.  An  int;enie.us  gentleman,  who  was  lately 
on  the  illand,  experieneed  the  truth  of  this  reprcf.nta- 
tion.  He  could  not  prevail  on  anv  of  them  to  aecept 
the  leall  ix-ciiniary  iccompcncc  for  tliJi  trouble.  They 
.inly  required  ,111  attetlation  of  ilie  wJom  her.-e.  ived; 
iheir  I  luradier,  in  this  rj'iject,  t'ecmiag  to  be  wliat 
tl'.e!e  lionell  people  c'aclly  prid.d  themtelves  in.  It 
may  be  truly  ailirmed  that  h.ofpiiallty  is  ilie  point  ot 
honour  in  tlie  e..ll,  anil  th..i  thi  vinv.e  is  contlitotioiul 
in  the  (irecks;  linee  we  lin  I  it  in  modern,  as  well  as 
in  remoie  tinuo,  iind.r  tl!eir  tyrannic, d  ^a~veriimcnr, 
a  Well  ..s  in  tlr.ir  repuiihuui  :ij,es  ;  und,  r  the  Chvif- 
li  in  i'lid  Mah  laieiaa  '.liths,  aswell  x  uivkr  l'.i.;uiifni. 
Tlie  Cii  :eks  iiiMi  lio'pii.dts  tr.  in  li.eir  aneeilorb ; 
ill.'  Turks  de'ive  it  t"oni  their  iviirdoa.. 

Tina,  an.i.iiih,  Tinos,  is  lev  iiieen  miles  in  len-^th, 
.md  ei^'Jit  in  breailih.  Tf.e  riclies  ot  this  ill  lad  conliR 
iiiliik.  Tliey  make  exec  diiiggood  lilk  lloi  king  ;  but 
iioihiiip; .an  (OMipaiv  with  the  flk  glov.s  knit  here  lor 
the  lu'ies.  The  t'ortre'.'  .  f  'linos  ll.md^  iipion  a  rock, 
anti  th.e  town  adianing  C"iiiains  ab  ar.  502  li  auk-. 

Thec'l',  kib"ur  in  w'  i'.  h  the  miid-!  iv.ints  of  the 
ill. md 'ot' Tina  aie  emiiKn  'd  ;i!l  ws  t'aeai  to  preierve 
all  their  p.rfonal  attract  i  ms.  Tl.  ir  p^ineip-.d  oojcils  of 
.iiieiitiiiii  are  the  iiourilliins  ol  lilk-w.iii;,-,  or  wauling 


the  filk  that  ih.\'  produce 
neral  atti  tiii'.ai  to  n.  atiiel 
liaxeller,  bc'  .iii'e  il  is  a  • 
and  lli!-w<  th.-  lit  iliy  v,;t 
necetl'.iiiis    ot   lit  .       Ti; 


Ther.-  ]  I  .vails  here  a  gc- 
.,  that  is  very  pi  alin.;  to  a 
rtain  evid  nce  ol  prolpcriiy  ; 
i  h  they  can  procure  the 

iniiaiatav 


haiatanis  o\.'  Tina  lind 
tlieniklve  I'likiLKiuly  e..l\'  aiul  klli  li  si,  \vithoiit  b.inp, 
icdiici.d  to  the  I'cli.-  o:  appeal ine,  g.udy  in  their  ap- 
parel. 

The  k  \-'  oft'  eirci  unity  isi.M-cdomiiiar.t  llir.iu^k' ill" 
.ill  ihe  ( I  eci:  a  illaiub,  I  ui  n.>  wa.i.re  more  1.  on:  pi - 
.  II  lus  ih;ui  1111.11  ;i,  the  native- ol  Tina,  (ire.ii  nain- 
bers  of  krv.ini',  !  ,rii  oa  this  ilkind,  ..re  l.>  b.  Ivuiul 
all  over  ihel.evaat,  who  are  ditliiii.i.uillie.l,  by  their 
diefj,  tiieir  good  uiid.  rllaiulinp,.  and  la  il.ir  lldelit;,  ; 
i  lit  v.h.i  never  lole  lighi  of  a  liiiiie  i.i  r.iurn  10  dieir 
owai  cuiiiiiiv,  to  eiijo),  with  freedom,  tlie  aciimfiiions 
01  ih.ir  iiidullrv.  Pol'icandio  coiiiaia  oi.ly  one  vtllape: 
lioni  its  callle  may  be  lien  all  the  ill.nid.  of  the  Arch:- 
]  ek'.i'.o.  Lcmiio-,  ci  Siilim  re.  he-  on  the  north  [■■r{. 
of  the  Aivhipelae^o,  and  is  ahnoll  a  1  ;.i.iit  ul  25  mil  s 

iu 


^.\ 


/ 


944 


A  NF.W,  ROYAI.  ANO  AUTIIFNTIC  SYSTF.M  or  rNIVF.RS  \L  (iF.ncRAI'HY. 


%i 


in  lcni;tli  ;\nii  bn'ultli.  'riunii;li  it  prddiues  coin  ami 
wine,  Vi'l  it^  \n\\u  ip.il  ricliL-.  ;inlr  Iroin  itb  minci.il  lai tli. 
talktl  FiiiM  Sioilhii.i,  ;inil  nuuli  iilcil  in  iiKilicinc, 
tioni  wlmii  il\f  Turks  KCi  ivi'  ;i  t  onliikTulin-  nvcniu. 

Ncgfijioni,  the  aiuicni  F.iiha-.i.  is  oo  milts  long  :inil 
25  biuad.  Here  till.'  Tuikilli  gallics  lie.  Tlic  tales 
units  coall  aiv  nregiilai,  ami  the  illaml  i--  teiiile,  pio- 
ihicing  corn,  \vine,trint.  ami  cattle,  in  hull  abundance, 
tluii  all  kiml>  ol  jiroviiion  an.  exiieniely  cheap. 

Dclos  onlv  about  uglu  miles  in  lompab,  is  the 
center  ot  the  Cycl.aiic-.  Mxconelias  a  town  ot  the 
lame  name,  ami  u^  itihabiiant-  arc  the  bell  lailu:-  in 
the  Arehipcl.igo.  Amlros,  1:0  miles  in  conlpal^,  is 
plealant,  fertile,  .iml  well  watered,  /la,  ^  Iruitiul.amI 
contains  Ionic  ant iqui lie'-,  Jouia  1^  iKlolat-.'.  I'liei- 
mia  populous. 

The  SpoRAPESjor  ScATirnfP  Isi.  ANOs,  are  a^  fol- 
lo.\  :  I^ns^ia,  ^o  nules  in  eu\umterenec,  is  very  truii- 
Inl.  Colouri,  anciently  Salami-,  5?  mile- in  cii\umlc- 
renec,  contain-  three  vilLme-,  one  ot  wh:eli  is  i.iUeil 
Colouri,  ami  give-  name  to  theillaml. 

Sc\  ro  1-  I'O  miles  in  circumleivnce,  and  has  aiowiiot 
the  lane  name.     Staling  ne,  or  I  .emiu)-.  1-  ol  a  Iquare 
loini,  bi.ing  about  j,  miUsun  uteh  liile.     Samomba 
thi,  or  Samotluace,  near  tiic  eoall  o;   Rom.uiia,  \-':c, 
miles  m  circuit.     Emoio  contains   luiir  villages,  one 


beari!';;  the  name  ot  the  iliaml.  Tlicfl'us  i-  tanvnis  for 
\MiK- a:ul  marlile.  Macronili.  i- barren  ami  uninhabi- 
teil.  Syra  hi-  a  town  oi'th.e  lame  name,  with  a  gr..„| 
harbour,     .Sikino  produces  plenty  o' tiL'-,  and  the^bi;' 


inds  '11 


wheat  in  the  Ar. hiptlago;  and  Serphanto  abou 
iron  and  loidiione.     Tli-   latter  wa<;  the  jilacc  u!i,;c 
the  Romans  banilhed  their  m  ilcfactors. 

Cerigo,  or  Cvtherea,  i-  about  50  miles  in  eiiciini- 
leicnCi',  but  rocky  ami  nv.uiit.unouv  and  cliiellv  re- 
markable lor  being,  accoixlmg  to  tiieau.ount  ot  the 
aneieni  s,  ihe!a\  ou.  nc  i\  lidr  nee  of  Venn-,  and  1  he  n  itn c 
placeol  Helen,  V, ho  wasthcoccafionof  till'  fiege  ot  'I'rov. 

Santormi  1-  one  of  the  Ibuthernmoll  iiland-  in  t!ic 
ArdiipeKago.  Though  I'eemingly  covereil  with  puniH- 
llom-,  yet,  through  the  indulby  of  the  inhabitants  it 
produies  Iv.rl.  y  ai.d  wnie,  with  lonii-  wheat.  N.ar  tins 
iiland  another  arof  ,  of  ihe  lame  name,  lioin  the  loi- 
toni  ofth.  lea,  in  17  7.  At  the  time  it  arof-  ilvre 
was  .an  eutlujiiake,  attended  with  the  null  die.-.'.liul 
lightning  and  tluimler,  and  boiling  of  the  f.a  U)t  u- 
wr.ildays;  lo  that  it  w.i  a  mere  voKaiio:  but  [!;c 
burning  loon  ceafed.  It  is  about  2co  leei  above  the 
lea, and, at  ihctime  of  its  liill  emerging,  it  \\a-  about 
a  mile  broad,  am!  live  mile  in  Cireumt.remc  ;  bin  ii 
hi-lincc  imr,.afed.  Several  other  illands,  in  the /\;. 
chipelago,  appear  10  liavc  had  the  like  original  ;  out 
the  lea  in  their  \icinit\-  is  lo  d^cpas  not  to  belatlionitd. 


SUPPLEMENT. 


1.  r'^"n 


I  I 


!. 


if  ■  il  ■■   '' 


'Hi 


\*i 


W' 


Pl.'RSl'.WT  to  our  propolal  ,.f  prcfenting  to  our 
le.ulcr^  the  moll  auihentic  accounts  we  could 
[iiocure  ofdikoverie-  that  mi^'Jii  be  made  by  n.uiga- 
tors,  or  event-  that  mig'it  ouur  in  any  part  01  the 
w  'Id,  through  the  p.'ogr.l-ot  our  work  to  tii.-  dole 
of  ;t,   AC  fuliioin  the  toll.'.Mng  particulars. 

Tnai  cliain  of  iill^d^  c.lled  ill.-  Falos,  or  I'klkw 
IsLA.vus,  litu.ittil '11  the '.v  il  |vutoftli.'  Facili.  ()e>  an. 
bet.ve.n  the  :;tl,  aiid  .,th  degrees  ot  north  l.iiuude,  and 
bctwi.eii  i_;^  and  i  ;i.i  degree  o'  ealt  longitude,  iho' 
hcre'.ofore  iirp  iieftly  notx.d  In  fomc  fliip-  m.iking 
the  eali.ni  paifagi  from  China,  were  never  wliied  by 
.mv  F.urop".:;'.s,  t;!l  the  irew  of  ihe  Antili'jie,  c.iptain 
Willon,  a  pai-kct  belonging  to  the  IvUl  India  Com- 
panv,  which  was  wrecked,  in  Augull  17^;,  landed 
there,  and  were  the  mem-  ot  dileovcring  to  us,  a  mw 
woild,  orUt  ot  human  beings,  ulio,  though  ot  an  un- 
luliuated  nature,  appe.ued  to  lie  gi\atly  dillerent  Irom 
thole  coni'ii'iily  lerm-tl  lavage-,  and  cvime  primi- 
pk-.  of  hirn.inity  .lad.  generoliiy,  that  \souKl  lellcci 
the  highell  honour  on  the  moll  exalte  I  ofmirr.ice. 

A  die  Aa;eloi.'e,  which  fiif  d  from  Ma' ao,  the  ictli 
of  June,  1 7^5,  wa-  procieding  on  her  vovage  from 
Ciiina,  Ihe  unfortunateh  llriuk  on  a  rock  in  the  night 
ot  the  tith  of  the  f  )llowing  y\ugul!. 

The  cre'.v,  waiting  uiih  anxious  fufp.'nce  the  ap- 
proach ot  morning,  in  order  10  dilco\cr  wluther  any 
land  wa-  n',:ar,  difcried,  at  the  dawn  ot  day,  a  fniall 
ifland  tvi  the  louthward,  about  three  or  tour  league-, 
ilillant  :  and  foon  after  fom-  other  iilands  w,  re  Ic'eii 
t'l  the  ealUvard,  which  proved  to  be  ih  le  under  eon- 
fideration. 

Apprelicnlions  were  naturilly  fit  on  account  o(' the 
n.uives.  Boats,  hosvev.r,  were  manned,  loaded  with 
lucli  arti' ks  as  were  ileemcd  moll  nccell'aiy,  ami  dlf- 
patehcd  from  the  Ihii'  under  the  direction  of  a  ]iriiKi- 
jial  oil  ter,  wliofe  ikiijiiwas  to  olnain,  it  poUii  le,  a 
friendly  iiitercourfc  with  th.e  inhabiiains,  in  cafe  they 
lliould  liiul  an\ .  As  the  llii])  was  expe.led  every  mo- 
ment to   g)  to  pieces,  til'!.:  who    lemained  went    im- 


comple.itcd,  with  the  alTiftancc  of  two  boats,  thev  .-iH, 
except  one  man,  who  tell  ov.r-boird  Iv  fore  the'  let 
out,  reached  the  lliore,  .iftcr  encountering  ir.any  ili  - 
fieultie-. 

In  the  courfe  of  two  day:  from  their  landing,  the 
crew  obk.eed  lome  n.ilive'  approai  hi.'i;',  in  eanovs, 
fVi.m  the  points  of  the  bay.  1  In-  Ipiead  lb  gr,a;  i 
conil.i  nation,  that  all  1  ui  \.<  their  arm  :  liut  as  iju-e 
Wi  re  only  two  canoes,  tl:e  c.ii.tain  ordered  il-.e  ji  iipk, 
out  ol  light  till  farther  m  tice. 

A  very  liiigulu  circumllance  much,  facdit  ,ie  !  rhe 
inieicourle  between  our  countrvmen  and  the  I'.'.tive  . 
A  Malay,  who  lome  time  before  was  call  ;'.wav  ui-on 
thi'  ill.uid,  h.id  aii|uiriil  the  langu.age;  audit  hap- 
pened that  one  ot  the  Anic'oiieV  men  ua'-  a  n.iiive  o'' 
Ben;:,al,  and  fpoke  tlu  Ma\  lay  ti'ii.'tie,  by  which  .iv  •i;-.  , 
a   itaily  iommiink.aiu"Mi  wa-  maintained  on  both  lide  . 

\V In  n  till,  canoes  which  advanced  flowly  t'lwards 
the  llioie,  got  wiihin  le  aring.  tlie  native  of  I'lei.  al 
Ip'ike  to  them  in  the  Maylay  i.;ngue;  on  whiili,  th'i' 
lhi\'  did  not  teem  to  uml.iliaiid  him,  thcv  l!e!j;p,d 
tli'ir  canoes.  Soon  alter,  iiowever,  one  of  them  Ijioki; 
in  the  above  language,  alking  our  jieople  "  who  they 
"  were?  whether  they  were  trii  nds  or  enemies '"  The 
native  ot  Bengil,  b>  the  captain's  direc'lion,  replied, 
"  'i'hat  they  were  ilillrelled  Fnglilliinen,  who  had  I'.fl 
"  thiirlhip  on  til'.- ret t,  and  that  tln'y  were  fiiem!-." 
On  this  they  leemed  to  commune  to.'tther;  and  loon 
after  lame  out  of  their  canoe-,  whii  li  captain  Wilfuj 
oblerviiig,  he  w.ided  into  liie  water  to  imetihem; 
and  after  emi  raeing  them  in  a  liiemllv  manner,  eun- 
duei.d  ihem  to  liis  ollieer  ,  and  tlu  others  who  h.id 
retire'!. 

Thef-  people  wi'rc  entiuly  naked.  Th'.-v'  were  of  a 
ilc'ep  I  oppe;  colour,  .'.lid  their  fkins  foft  and  gluli'y, 
owing  to  I  he  external  life  ol  locoa  nut  oil.  I'iaili  ihiet 
had  a  b;ifket  of  beetle  nut,  and  .1  bamboo,  lir.ely  po- 
lillied,  ami  inlaid  at  ea'hind,  in  which  the\  cairicd.! 
kind  ol  coral,  burnt  to  a  lime,  i  ailed  chituim.  it  we, 
oblerved  that  all  their  leelh  wyi-  black,  ami  thai  tiie 
beetle  nut,  ol   wlmli   they  had  aUvay-  a  ijuid  in  their 

niouihi. 


(.F.OCRAI'HY. 

111(1.  Tlidius  i-  f.imiii!'.  for 
11(1.  1.  Iiaiifii  and  iminlial.i- 
■A'  l;um;  ii;imf.  with  :i  g.i.,i| 
pl.ntv  .!•  ti,-,  .-in, I  (!„•  Ik;! 
and  S(.r|i|i:mio  ;iboun(is  n 
latlvr  \v.i<,  I  he  place  ulu;o 
inilcl.i  ;iii?. 

:il)out  ^o  milc<^  in  t  iiccni- 

'■untiunoiu,  aiul  cli;c(l\  kn 

lins;   to  till'  an  Mini  or  ilic 

iucufVcnir.,;iiul  ihciutivc 

it.c:'.ru)n()i'iln  fwj^v  ot  'I'mv. 

oiithcrninull   iihuul-  in  t'nc 

nmt;ly  covered  wiili  piinvc" 

■liillry  ot'thc  inhaiutant  ,  ii 

with  loiiK  uhtat.  N-.ar  tins 

l.iiR-  n.iii)i-,  tioin  the  loi- 

At  till.-  tiiiiL'  it   nroll-   tli-.-ro 

d    with  the    iiu-ll    drc,-.'.!tul 

.1  lioilint^   ot'  the  r,a  lor  li-- 

a   iiK-ie  vokaiio:   l)ut    t!;c 

s  about   2C0  lict  above   the 

iril  emert^ini;,  it  l\a^  about 

.'    Ill  circiiint. rente  ;   but  it 

ral  other  illands,   in  the  A\. 

ii  111   ih;-  like  oi;uinal  ;  out 

dv  ep  as  not  lo  he  laiiioiiied. 


S    II    P     P    L    !•:    M    F.    N    T. 


J     T. 


I.iiicc  of"  two  boat'-,  tliev  nl', 
v  r-i)i).u(l  ixfore  the'  tit 
tti    encountering^  iViany  di'- 

y:  from  their  lamling,  tlis 
e-  approad'.in:',  in  eano*  >, 
\\ .  '1  hi^.  Ijiread  (b  gre.t;  i 
t  '  their  arnv  :  bin  a-^  the-f 
c.iptain  ordereil  ib.e  popK, 

CO. 

Itaiiee  mucl'.  facdi;  .se!  the 
luntrymen  and  the  I'.iivc  . 
before  wa";  cafl  awav  ui.on 
the  language;  and  it  linji- 
rlope".  men  ua-  .i  n.iMve  o-' 
lay  ii'iijtie,  by  whieli  meir,  , 
IS  maii.taineil  on  both  lide  . 
ii  advanced  (lowly  towards 
uin^,  tl-.e  native  ot  iiei;  a! 
lay  tongue;  on  wliii  h,  iho' 
leillaiid  him,  they  (Uipp,  d 
however,  one  of  them  Ipokc 
iingour  |)eople  "  who  they 
.■  trianls  oreni'inics'"  The 
iptain'-  diietiion,  replied, 
.1  Kiif^hlhliun,  wl'.o  had  loft 
iiid  that  they  were  fiiend-." 
Timune  lojetlier;  and  fooii 
)i'  ,  wliiili  captain  Wilion 
I  tiie  water  to  meet  them,- 
in  a  liiendiv  manner,  con- 
'  ,  and  the  others    who  h.id 

ly  naked.     They  were  of  a 
ilietr   /kins  foft  anil  i^loli'y, 
I'icoa  nut  oil.     Eaiii  ihiet 
and  a  bamboo,  (ir.ely  po- 
nd, in  uhieh  lliev  cairicd  a 
me,  ( ailed  chinam.     It  wai 
I  were  black,  and  that  the 
had   alw.iy-  a  quid  m  iliiir 
moinlf>. 


moui'i'',  r'^tidercd  llicriliva  red,  whi-h,  to^^eth^r  with 
th  ;r  bl.:<'k  lee'h,  i;ivetlieir  mouih.a  ver\  dil<>ulling 
app'-ira  ic.  T'l'-v  ■  re  ol  a  mid  Ihiv^  llaiui /,  Ibaii, 
and  iniiteular,  lii  ir  liiil',  well  ivmied,  and  they  had 
.1  ma,  ilic  pait.  'Ik  ir  hair  was  blaik,  long,  and  rol- 
led up  eliir.  1  el /fe  to  their  head^  whiih  appeared 
n  at  .uid  bi'ioMiing.  Tiiev  tatoocd  iheirlCj^sa  little 
.above  ihe  amies  to  the  iivddle  of  their  lhii;iis,  whii  h 
(;ive  them  x  deeper  colour  til. in  the  other  parts  oi  their 
bodies.  None  of  them  hid  anv  beards,  except  the 
youiiv.'ll  ol  the  kiiiii''  h'l'theis;  and  it  was,  in  lourle 
of  inie,  obl-rved,  ilv.t  ihev  plucked  out  the  hairs  by 
the  lo ':\  and  thai  verv  tew  only,  \\\\u  had  llrong 
tin  k  beard-,  (Iieiilhed  and  let  them  !;row. 

Wl.ateVii-  luipii/.e  the  llngulariiy  ol'  tliele  nitivcs 
niiirht  ex  it''  in  the  minds  ol  our  people,  the  nativs 
w  ii  11"  le!  '.' rapi  in  adniir.ation  at  ilieir  ajipeaLuue, 
T'  ■  whiiiii  I',  ot  loli.m'  at.iacted  them  fo  much,  that 
ii  «,is  ev.deni  they  h.id  ne Vet  ivel'ore  leeii  any  Euro- 
p  an--.  '1  h  v  Were  continually  exclainung,  Kcd, 
Ki-tlf  ami  -.ii'r'l-iitreccy;  words  which  inipiied  that 
they  were  p.r'ecily  plealeil  with  tin  ir  viliti)is.  They 
(Irokid  then  bodies  anil  arm-,  outlide  the  garments, 
feeniing  to  doulit  whether  their  eoV'rings  were  not  a 
part  ot  their  real  boily,  lieing  totally  ignorant  i)t  the  |  1 
ule  o'  cl  latli.  Idowc'.er,  the  Malay  iiif  irmed  them,  i  ' 
thai  ill-  I''.liglilli,  livini;  in  a  mil'  h  colder  climate  than 
theiis,  were  obiiged  to  have  reiourie  to  artili^ial 
warmih,  o  iLi  hi  them  irom  the  inclemency  of  the 
weather,  a:'.<l  thai,  Irom  lulloni,  they  could  nut  dil- 
penie  With  it,  in  a  degree,  even  in  the  warmed  re- 
gions. 

The  hand-  of  the  F.urojieans  next  cng.aged  their  at- 
teiiiion,  and  paniailarls  the  i'iack  veins  ot  the  wrilb. 
The\  probably  imagined  the  «hit<nels  ot  the  hands 
an'l  ta'C  to  be  ai'titici.il;  ;ind  the  bhu  knels  of  the  veins 
canted  ihem  !o  think,  that  it  was  a  mode  of  tatooing; 
l':r  th'-y  delued  to  lo^k  .at  the  top  parts  of  tin-  arms, 
to  lee  if  the  whitenel's  was  continued.  Atcr  this  thcv 
requilleda  taither  view  <il  the  bodv,  when  lonie  of  the 
cr- w  ojMi-d  t'l/ir  bofoiu  ,  and  lo'd  themthat  the  other 
pari-  wer  iiculy  the  tame  a-  that.  The  hair  on 
the  bi\  .il!  •  ot  the  fairopeans  excited  lliMr  I'.tlonilh- 
itienl,  .1-  th  V  wiilider  iiuh  incumbrance  highly  inde- 
liiaie,  and  p'.i;  k  it  out  wherever  it  islound. 

Th-'  naii\es  luuingin  Imie  degree  lai  i-tied  llieircu- 
ri'i.ty.  ln:iin  tOixpr.l-  .;|^piehenli"n-  that  tliev  had 
iiUiu  e  1  too  mil.  'i ;  but  tl.e  captain  convinced  iluni, 
h-  iii.a::- ol  liie  Ma!a\ ,  that  ilkir  tears  were  ground- 
Id. 

A>  the  nat'ves  exprctV.d  a  detire  I'lat  captain  W'iU 
foii  would  lend  one  ol  his  people  to  Pelew,  ih.a  ll:c 
kin:;  in;'j,ht  tee  what   kind  oi  bein;.',s  white  men  were, 


'         1  le  bore  a  h.alehet  on  Ins 
wluili  was  m.ide  ol  iron,  a  cir- 


the  eajia'a  complied,  and  app 'inted  his  broijifr  toi 
tin:  p  wip  fe,  giving  him  atmall  remnant  ot  blueeloth, 
a  isn  ;i;c;  ut  tea,  .mother  of  fui:,ar-cand\',  and  a  jar 
ill  in-tuvcd  iiiiit,  .1-  a  jiri-'ent  tor  the  king.  Tiie  na- 
tive- bt'iased  in  the  moll  tii.  ndh  luaivier  to  the  hau;- 
lilli;  aial  their  nionanh  loon  aiier  pud  ihem  a  viiii, 
with  Li  ion  an  I  b'-oth  r.  His  ma'elly  was  pcrfvCilv 
ii:iked,  and  h;id  iv  kind  ofoinaiiieni  or  mark  of  ilif- 
tinctiMM,  like  Ins  piincipd  ••tii' ers,  who  w.  re  a  brace- 
L,  ol  bone  ,u  ill  i 
Ihouldei,  t!  e  1  eai 
Cinillame  whu'i  inr-pri/' il  our  people  iini  h,  as  all 
the  otl:er  hat.  i.el-  t!  ev  ha.l  ken  wi  re  <if  lb  11.  The 
haiidie  of  it,  whi>h  t  irmed  a  tharp  aiv'le,  Ib.ek  dole 
fo  hi  llioulder,  lying  b.  ore  and  behind,  and  wanting 
not',  ingto  kei|i  it  lle.'.ib  in  ualkin,'. 

His  maiellv  \unild  n.  t  go  into  ihe  tents.  At.nl 
was  tlievctoiv  t'pieid  lor  h.iin,  on  winch  he  ;ai  down, 
Willi  Ills  chiet  iiiinitler  o|^|iolii',  and  his  two  brolheis 
on  each  tide;  .ind  the  whole  was  m.  eimpat'cd  bv  hi 
attend  nils,  wlio  were  niimeroii-.  1  le  i!r..nk  ,i  i  up  ■•! 
tea,  but  did  not  appnne  ot  ihe  tiilb .  C'.iptaiii  \\  il- 
lini  avad.'d  himlblt  ot  this  op]iotliin'iv  to  obtain  pei- 
nnfiion  irom  tin  king  toi  iiild  a  v^ticl,  inoiiler  to  con- 
vey the  1  le.v  to  lume  Luiope.ui  leukintni ;  and  high- 
No.  So, 


945 
ly  gratitifd  him  by  c.iufing  ;•  party  of  men  to  be  drawn 
up,  and  lire  three  vollies.     This  oceali   iie.l  I'neli  ho  .t 
mg  anl  ■.haiteri^vj,  a   cipialleil  in  nolle  the  repuu  ot' 
the  pi.  CCS. 

Captain  Will'on  drdied  the  king  in  a  filk  cnat  and 
blue  trowfers.  He  wa  i  xtiemely  w<  II  made,  but  I  id 
io(l  his  note,  whether  in  battle,  or  t'lom  a  fcr.phuKais 
dlleale,  which  is  prevalent  line,  w.as  not  knoAn. 

AriaKookcr,  one  of  the  king'-- brof  crs,  rixju  lied 
a  while  Ihirt,  and  as  lijon  as  it  \\.is  gi\en  him,  h  •  put 
11  (^n,  in  irani'porlsof  joy,  wl.ici;  heniilicatul  by  daiu- 
ing  and  lumpin;',,  and  in  toiniing  a  hum  uirou-  con- 
trail between  his  lliirt  and  his  Ikin.  This  ijrince  had 
a  great  |iropenlity  to  mimicry,  and  often  amul'ed  our 
people  b)  taking  off  their  manners,  but  with  fo  nuieh 
gootl  nature,  tli.it  no  one  eonld  feel  the  hall  oti'en  e. 
Hecntetiaihedagreat  pan  iality  lor  tir.ir  Newfoundland 
dog,  wnich  he  often  led;  til!  at  'ength  the  creature  lelr 
a  parti  diiy  for  h'lii,  and,  at  Ids  appearance,  w  ni'd 
in;;.!',  baik,  leap,  and  play  a  v.^ruiy  of  trr.ks.  Arr.i 
Kookcr  would  otten  imitate  liiin  in  the  tame  mode  of 
lahnaiion,  l>\  barking,  iumping,  ?cc.  which  could  not 
tail  of  exciting  the  iitibic  f.iculiie' .  This  prince  was 
le  iiiinj,l\  about  fiit\  years  ot  age,  ihori  in  llaiure, 
)ut  1.'  piump  anil  fat,  tliit  he  was  almoll  as  broad  as 
he  was  long. 
j  Alter  i.irious  ceremonies  h,;d  palFed,  ihccaptiin 
I  pre'e.-ued  ins  maielly  wi.h  a  I'carlet  coat;  who  ihen 
making  ligns  lo  go  on  lliore,  jump.ed  into  the  water, 
.ind  Iwani  lo  lan.l. 

W'lien  the  .  apiain,  and  feveral  oiFiccrs,  reached  Pe- 
lew, on  a  Vifit  to  the  king,  ihey  came  into  a  large 
tipiare  pavement,  round  whiili  were  t'everal  houfes, 
and  was  conducled  into  one  that  ilood  in  the  enter  of 
one  ot  the  tides.  Out  of  tliis  houle  ilVucd  a  numi'Cr 
of  women,  who  were  waiting  to  lee  tliofe  new  beings 
the  Englith.  Thofe  our  peojde  were  given  to  uiuler- 
tland  Were  t'le  wives  of  Ur,nc  of  the  rupack?,  or  great 
ollicers  ot  (late.  Thcv  were  rather  lairer  than  tlie  rell 
ofthe  wonien,  h.id  tome  liitle  ornaments  about  th  m, 
and  their  taces  and  brealls  were  rubbed  over  with 
turmeric. 

Tiie  king,  and  one  of  his  broih.rs,  led  his  giiefls 
into  tliis  houle-,  the  women  tiicn  returnul,  and  receiv- 
ed tiieiii  with  much  iov,  preienting  their  conijui'iy 
v.'iih  cocoa  nu;s  and  Iweet  diink.  which  ail  tat  di'Wn 
and  partook  oi.  The  ladies  alio  leated  tiieiiilelves,  and 
taking  a  parcel  ot  leavss,  began  to  make  nets,  an  em- 
ployment in  which  they  pats  great  part  ot  their  time. 
'I'lie  king  int.'rmed  his  guetls  that  his  houle  w.'.s  to 
lie  ih.ir  a. -.ode  as  long  as  they  remained  at  Pelew,  ami 
that  there  they  were  to  (hep.  A  ter  this  he  rofe  uji, 
|>revi.Hiflv  apologizing  to  tiie  c.i'pl.uii  tor  retiring,  t.iy- 
ing  he  was  going  to  bathe. 

So()n  alter  a  mell'age  came  to  Raa  H  >ok  Ir.-m  the 
queen,  reo,u.  lling  ihu  the  might  I  e  the  Iviglilh  .ii  her 
dwellini;.  Tiie\  attended  him  ihiiher,  .ind  ob  ^rved 
immcdiaiely  betoie  it  a  rail,  on  which  w.relcime  tame 
pi^^eons  tie  '  by  the  Kg.  Tnis  i-  a  bird  held  i:i  lucli 
ellimatioti  m  thofe  illuul--,  tiiat  none  but  rupaeks  and 
iluir  lamilies  are  allowed  ioe.it  them. 

Astiiey  ai  proached,  tlie  qucxai  opened  her  window, 
and  Ipoke  to  Raa  I  look,  to  deiiie  die  F.n.  j'th  w.uikl 
lit  down  on  the  paveiucni  before  her,  whi.nb.eing 
complied  with,  a  nu  uber  of  atiendant--  Ijiought  our 
yams,  cocoa  mil-,  and  Iweet  drink.  While  th  y  were 
paitakmg  of  tlulc,  the  queen  alke.i  Rai  1  look  many 
quetlions  about  our  people,ol  w!i.  m  theto  ikveiv.n  at 
notice, and wilhed  tiimeofthem  would  comec'o!e!otlie 
window,  and  diavv  up  their  co.il  lleevcs,  that  Ihe  niiglit 
lee  the  col. Hir  ot  t!.eir  Ikin-.  Alter  lb.-  had  \  leu  d 
them  attentively,  and  atkcd,  through  R.i  11  k,  as 
lU.inv  ciicumtl.inccs  refiieduie.t'.tcm  .is  ihe  ti;oughi  Ihe 
could  with  pro|)riity  obtrude,  the  tigniiid  lluit  Ihe 
woiiid  not  longer  trelpfs  on  th.  ir  cm.,  In'  dciani- 
them;  Ii)  ihcv  role  and  took  tiiir  leive. 
R:w  Hook  now  took  ihcm  to  Ins  nvn  iioulb,  where 
diey  were  welcomed  with.jut  any  p.u'ade.     His  u'lfe, 


f^' 


ing 


,'.!!  .^ 


'm'.  < 


I,  •!    \  ?'f 


;    1 


H" 


'/    f 


11 


94f. 


A  Nl.W,  ROYM,,  ANn  Al^THF.N'TIC  SYSTFAI  or  TViNTRSAL  CroriRAI'lIV 


amonj:  otlR'rilimu,>.  g.uc  them  a  luculnl  pigt-on,  mlc 
Jic;uv  th.U,  a^  In-tnii.'  oMcivnl,  I'lily  t.ilK  lo  tlu-  lli;ii 
ot'  tlu-  iluiiilitJ. 

TIkiv  the  (.liar.-iClcr  nl  tlu'  iMiiui-  apju-.m-d  m  .i  lu' 


and  intiTillinp 


liiilit :   Ins  I 


hiUlr 


vn  (.iHom 


patUil  him 


.nil 


1  (  hmhiiiR  to  Ills  kiuf,  knullv  iaiclii.il  tlicir  tathi-r, 

how- 


while  his   liiprcmc  pluilurc  appcaial  to  Ik'  i 
and  loiruis;  ilicm  ah'Uii. 


'n 


11^  doincliii'  Ici'iit 


ever,  I'j  miuli  i)i.\upKd  thi-  miiuls  ot  tlii'  laptain  ami 
ollacr-,   ih.ii  ii  was  dark  luioic  llu\  tlunii;lu  ot  rctir- 
iiii;.      Raa  \-\oo^  1  v^-^c-l  ihcv  would  dilpinlc  uuh  in- 
d  the  Maiav  to  condiK'i  tlieni  lo 


,,-.1. 


attcndanii',  and  oalcvci 
liR'irdctluu'dl.aliitation.whciv  tlu\  ton 


,d  i; 


:  (illi  t( 


lie  ki 


UT.     'riioui;li   tlu-  niiiht  piovi 
.1-  to  Will  ill  III  lied  that  tl 


iha  Tlu.lk 


lii|)per,   tent  bv  t 
teiupelluous,   thi.il  lunite  w 
rain  could  not  peneirate. 

The  kii'.s;,  wIioI'l'  iianu'  was  Aiiixi  1  In  , 
iii:n;ti.d  to  eajitai:i  Willor.  In  pUal'iiie  ol'teniieiiii^  to 
liiiU  the  illaud  where  the  V'.:'<;li;!i  iMulcd.  a-  a  pie- 
ti.r.1.  and  m'ormed  liiiii  that  tlu  y  tlillinguilhed  it  hy 
tiie  name  ot'OroiiIon;;,  i.i  order  to  announte  pollel- 
tl  in  ot  It.  the  Biitili  pen!ia:i:  .\a  honied,  ami  three 
vollie-  of  tiiiall  arm--  lued.  To  tlu-  illaiui  the  i  ajUain 
would  liave  returned  the  day  louowing,  (ihe  nii.;lii  lie 
pali'ed  u  nil  iju  oliiver-  liMiier  the  root  ol'tlie  ho!|iital)le 
jirine.  K  ii  Hook.')  u  ih,- wv  ..iher  had  not  turned  niit.i- 
vourabl^-.  T1k\  t'..eretoiv  took  a  ranilV.e  tartlur  into 
the  Country,  wlien  tlie  lands  appeared  to  lie  pietiy 
well   luhivated.  .md   tlie  vill.ii;.!  toll  of"  inh 


.•.n^\   tlie  vill.ii;.!  toll  of  inlialnt.mts. 
Thev  obicr\(.d  t;  at  ilie  lowi-r  o^der^  ot  th.-  women  wtf'. 


Lniticd   in    lookins;   attir  tlic  vani  plantations,  which 

()llKr^  they  found 


veiv  ^a^Ml!v 


in   lA  impv  ground 

and  niatv,  a:ul 


lived  in  nukmi^  bail. 


n  r.uilmg 


emp 

their  chiklr.n. 

The  employment  of  tlu-  nun  ("e  nicd  to  he  that  (>f 
gr.tlRnn 
.iii.l  dait 


l: 


t:;^v 


nut';,  'i!,:' .:  tiec  ,  anil  making  Ipi.irs 
line.  ...iil.kc  inihunicnts  ol  the  I'clew- 
.■  oi  :!  ,  Ic-  they  were  leniarkahly  cxpcit. 
:.li:it'.Ja:'t  )  root  in  diver-,  en; 


:ts  ol  a  I.,  u 


abounn;;  prince  ; 


Lal^ellu■nt^ 
in  which 


tiiey 
re.  ii 


■■ere  a: 'id  in  a  k'..'  t  party  of  iIil  En|j,lilh  at  the 


A:.;  a  i:, -.lie. 


ind  o!-)iainii 


comp 


tor\  !  V  >U-,'  ..f  ill    I'uperior  force  ot  our  fire  iirin  , 

A-  t'.i  U.ij.',hihhad  beenii'.ctu!inthcirallillan^i-a;>,ainl 
the  cnen.y,  i,,.-  kin-;  w  is  delilv.  rating  wh.;t  prel.ni  o: 
lompeiil.  11  II  ill-  lli'juld  ni.ike  to  the  Kni'.lilii   kadcr 


Alt 


:e!  a  w  I 

id 


he  lent  liun.  a   a  p.u-tnui.ir 


mark 


h 


^r.iiiiiide  i.nd  cit.em.tAo  i'lvely  voungwom.ii.     Cap- 


Mill 


W 


liliv 


O   W 


a-  a  uravc  tober  rn.in,  and  had  his 


loii  w  th  hini,  .:  \"Uili  a  out  l.veiiteen,  was  particu'.iiU 


uh 


IK 


tl 


it  ])roper  to  leiu 


liem  i>a,k  iigain.     Tin  kinj,  '.f  IMcv  was  c-XCCiding- 


un'..i;>j'\  ihat  hi- pi'cleiu  wa  not  acci 


pted, 


and  con- 


:i  h.«  o.iii  luind,  tint  ilieir  bcini' reiectcd  was 


uwinii  to  ili.ir  not  !  cini;  tuiili  lenllv  vour 


To  ob\ 


.it.  till    I  be  Hon,  alt  i  lonie  llong  parental  llruggles, 
h>.  ai  tuailv  lent  capt.un  W  ilion   his  o-vn  daughur,  a 
t  little  girl,  wiiiu.isno  m oie  than  twi-lve  "lar. 


Iwec 


S!ie  MS  of 


nn' 


leturiud  alio  .    but   it  v.as  ex- 


tremely  ililii  till   to  lankly  the  kiiv'  th.u  m  tl 
tun  ot  ill-  pr.knts  noi'iluli  w.is  in;ti 


The  deatli  of  Raa  Ho'jk's  valiant  ton  .til 


oiilei 


o'lr 


pe.ip.e  an  opportiinitv  of  beini;  iuiiuainied  with  iIkm 


fun- ral  i.re. 


H 


iviii.^  been  inviti.d  to  an  enter- 


taiii.'u.nt  iv  ■  lie  of  the  riipai  k',   thty  were  !urpii/i(l, 
w..en  tlie  .'I'l.ll  was  ende.t,  at  luarinir  the  iloletul  la- 


in', iit.it    n-    t  w  ui'.n  at  loiiK 


liitanci; 


and 


e  II   lii  wlk-iu;e  the  I  ■niid  nii 


going  lo 
lliev  ob- 


Kiid 


the  pLs. 

leiveJ  a  ion. 'Jill'.-   ot  fein.ilr-  t.rl'nwing  a  dun 

h<  Id  ii]j  in  ii  mat,  and  l.ud  un  a  loii  of  bur,  inat 

L 

Thetl 

toll 


body, 

le  ot 

aniboos,  earned   by    four  iiii  ii    ■iii    their    lli'.ulders. 


were  the  only  ni.ile-  in  comiiany. 


Our  IV 


peop 


o.'  e  1  to  th-.'  j)liiee  ol  iiiti  riiienl,  where  the  body  was 
.'lited  mtliout  any  rehrious  i  eriiiiony,  the  bearers 


tl 


hi 
e  women  knelt   ilovii,  and 


tilling  up  tlk'  giave  wit 


leir  liaiuls  am 


1  ft 


.'t,   wh 


vented   the  moll 


piercing  ciic\  iit  times  indieaiing  as  it   ili-.;ir  pliren/.y 


Uuuiei 


hid  t. 


.em  t'j  twr  uj)  tlic  corple 


The  marriages  ot  thcll 
coiitrai'i    between    the   le\ 
A  plurality  ol  wiv,-^  i-.  alh 


people  are  limply  a  mutu.il 


more  tii.i 


two. 


Th 


winch  IS  hclil  iiuiolaie. 
I  ;   iiiit  tlli\   hiive  teld.-iu 
ellablilhed  reliiiion.liiii 


leemid  to  pollcl's  an   innate  confidence  of  the  eiticai 


ol  virtue,  ani 


1   tl 


le   lemnora 


1   adv 


mon 


c\n\ 


intagi's  ariling  from 


After  th 


mhs  (I 


ly  on  I  he  illand,  our  cour.trv- 


men  weie  enal'li-d,   by   the  mol)   iierlevering  toil, 
liill  more  b\    the  iieiietliciin'  .iiid  integrity  ot  the  ni'.- 
live-,   to  build  .1  vellel   out  of  the  ti.igments  of  their 


'M.i 


11  till-,  alter  leavinfr  one  of  the  ere 


Hlaiiihiiid,  wh' 


luetle 


'w,  n.uiRd 


m.iin   oil   the    ill.uul,  iliey    ilep.irted 


permilHon    to  re 


111   tiie    i.itii   ol 


N. 

laiiu 

I 


i\ .  mber.  and  airivei 


iiii'iltli,  wlunee    tlie\ 


at  M 
af 


acao  on  tin 


:ili  of 


er'. 


1  iioi  eei 


,lid   I. 


niiluul 


to  an  ae'iive  ami    penetrating  mind,  the  molt 
U'  and   ende.iiui;;  manners,  was  tre.ited  uilli 


W'c  laniiot  oniii  mei.ti'iiing  at  the  cf-le  of  tiiii  .\:- 
'  ount,  ihat  .1  tliort  time  before  the  deiiaiiure  i.|  our 
people,  ihe  king  of'  IMew  requelled  i.ipt  un  Wiilon 
lo  t.ike  a. ill  hull  hi  leioiidion,  whole  iiiime  w.is  I  .ee 
Hoo,  lo  I'.ndiin.l,  <-xpreiiin-',  .i  p.iliioiic  hope  ih  ii  he 
'.voiild  ,1'ijiiiie  minyihings  wiiuli,,ii  his  reiiirn,  would 
gr.iul\  beiielit  his  native  louinrv.  This  youth,  who 
add.d 

i'"tVi''  ,-    .  .        .       -   — 

the  giiaiell  care  ami  attention  bv  captiiin  Wili  ui,  and 
w.is  advancin.;  rapiddy  in  a  knowUd  ;e  ot  ihc  Mnglilli 
langu.ige.  and  ol  writing,  when  lie  tell  a  vi.'tim  to  the 
liii.dl-pox,  at  the  age  of  20  \  ears.  In  iheextrehiiiy  of 
Ills  lail  illneti.  lie  made  u!e  oi  t'ule  words  to  a  pcrlon 
i\ho  came  over  with  hiin.  "  When  vou  go  lo  I'elew, 
"  tel!  Abba  Thulle  that  his  Ion  take  imiehdiink  lo 
'*  make  fina!l-p'i.\  .',o  .i',\ay,  but  he  die; — iliat  the 
''  captain  and  motlur  (nuanin;  Mrs.  Wilfon)  very 
"  kiiv.i ; — all  Englilh  very  good  men; — wis  mu.  Ii 
''  t'orrv  1  CiHild  not  Ipeak  to  the  kin",  m\  father  the 
"  numbir  of  tine  things  the  Knglilli  had  g.oi." 

He  W.I--  burkdin  Roilierhithe  church,  wli'.rea  toinl) 
■ivas  ereeM ,  d  lo  his  meiiinrv 


With 


the  toilo'.vm''  intirrit.on 


,iiiy, 


To  Tin;  M 


A  Na; 


O,    i'r 

ive  of  I  hi 


Hon, 

r  I'e'o-  in.-inds 


K 


And  lo'i  to  A  liiiA  Tm  i.)H, 
orKini'o*.  the  111  md  C'ookoor  a  a  i 


WhoiLiiartedilu.-  Liicoji  ilie  i  :;-i  oi  Dece 


Tl 

Hiri 


A   a 


teli 


H. 

nil  :iv   of    e; 


,li     llo 

bl  I 


'J  \v.ir-. 
IS  iiikri'-i-i 


rut.-, 
ill   k 


I-'  ;l!-liidiii  Conip.lny, 


tieaiiiiei'ii  alt  'i 
rill") 


ded 


r    the  Iv.ijiiane  an 
ahcr  to  tlie  crew  ■ 


kind 
'  tlieii 


Tile  Ant 


Capt.iin 


Wilk 


V.  ..leli  u.is  wrecked  oII'iIliI  itlaiid, 
Oil  t'..e  iu"'u  of  tlu-  (yth  ol  Aui.'ull,    I  rSi 


Stop  leader, 
A  1' 


lb 


.t  N'ATi'Kr,  1 1. lull  a  tear 


u!  mm 


■— Lr.t  P,    .  lie   bl 


ir\  il  lieie. 


HISTOKY 


ANO 


VnOi  .UI'.SS  .T  THE 


I'.M.IJSll  1  A::,  I  1M;IA  (.OMl'ANV. 

The  c.ipiial  commcrci.il  ob:c:l  in  Kngiand  beuii- the 
fall  India  loiup.uiy.  it  iKniuid.  our  attenii  -n   m  us 


nil 


III  pi 


in  I-. 


r 


lie  111  It   idea  oi  it   w  is  lorme 


ill 


the  reign  ol  i|ueen  I'.li/.abeih  ;  i  ui  ii  llil^  linee  .uhiiii- 
ted  ol  \.ill  alterations.  Though  the  ellablillimeni  ot 
ihn  lompany  was  vindicated  in  the  ikaiell  mar 


feveral  al 
Yoik,  atte 


lie  .u 


Ivoc.ites  the  liartiiiliiv  whic'i  the  iliike  of 


ds  J.iiiies  J  I.  had  lor  his  fivounte  Aiii- 
caii  tr.ide,  the  lollcs  ii  liiilained  in  war^  with  the  Diiti  li, 
and  the  revolutions  which  h.iil  h.i|i|iL'niil  in  the  ilhliii 
ol  llindodan,  damped  the  ardour  .if  the  public  lo 
fupport  It,  fo  that  at  the  tune  ol  the  revoluii  ui,  when 


f.EOGRAI'UV. 

•oplc  arc  limply  ,i  muti.a! 

s  which  IS  helil  inviolate. 

■  ;  iMit  thtv  li.ivc  Icld.^rii 

:iocltahhlhal  rcligii.i),l)ii: 

confuliiHT  ot  the'  tllicux 

adv.intagL-s  aiiliiig  trnin 

n  i1k'  illaiul,  our  tour.trv- 

moll  [Micwnnv;  toil,  hi,: 
aiul  iiitiiMity  of  ihf  n;.. 

"I  tliC  t'r.ignu'nts  ot'  liu'i;- 
t'Z  "ii.-otii.c  ca-u,  n.iiiiij 
.imlU-d   [UTiiiidion    to  u- 

liparicil  on   i!,c    12th   01 

M.Uaooi)    tin     :;;[|,  „tt|,i; 

atiff.'.  .';<1-    I'lo.  tcilid    lo 

1,',  ai  the  tl,.(i-  otthi';  a<> 
"'     ihc  <1>  j.aituii-  o|   r,.ir 
ftluciUd   ia;.t  nil  W  .:i,):i 
;i,   uholr  iia:;',c'  w.'.s  l.ic 
',  a  puiui'ic  ho|)i'  iJKl  he 
imii.  ai  hiv  rciurn,  would 
iKitrv.     This  youth,  who 
traiin^  mind',  tl.c  moll 
laiincrs,  was   irtatcd  with 
oil  Uv  captain  \Vi|;')ii,  and 
■vHowUd  :c  ot  I  he    I-.aghlli 
hen  Ik  tVll  a  \i'lim  to  ilu: 
'  e.ir-.     Ja  tliccMiviaiiy  of 
)i  I'ul'.-  word^  to  a  pcri'ou 
'   W'iivn  vou  j;o  io  IVknv, 
>  I  'II  take  nuK  h  diink   i.> 
,  but    he    die  ; — liiai    ihc 
aniii;  Mrs.  WiHoii)  very- 
good  men  ;— was  mu.  h 
to  the  kin",  m\  tiulier  ihc 
Kn:',liili  liad  i'.oi." 
lithe  ehureh,  v,;:.  r.  a  toiuh 
v  the  l-all-liul.aCoaipany, 
n  ; 


Lf.E    Hon, 

w,   .ir  Wo-  Ifl.uuls; 

13  A    Tut   I,)  E, 
111  Hid  C'ooKOOR  A  A  ; 

e  I  ■;{'.'.  01  Deeeni!)ei,  1  ;  "  t, 

>  inllTr-.d 

1  Iv'.lidndii  Coiiipmv, 
.>r   the  luiiuane  and  kiiKJ 
t.itlier  ti)  ilic  crew  .if  diei. 

a[it.'.iii  W'.llon, 
I  oll'tliat  iiland, 
h  of  Aii|?,ull,    I  ;S;, 

ATf.'u.  tiaiina  teai  ; 
)  Ik-   biir\  \\  here. 


Nn   rR(V,Rr5S  ,.r  THE 

IMA  fOMl'ANV. 

iitvl  ill  I'ait^land  lieuit'tlie 
ind^  our  atteiiii  ^n  lo  iis 
idea  01  it  \v  is  lormed  :ii 
;  i  ui  ii  hiis  lime  .uliiiit- 
ii[;h  the  ell  ibhlliinent  o( 
III  (he  I  !ea:ell  niailiur  liv 
iitnliiy  vvhie'i  the  ihike<it' 
lad  tor  (MS  tavouritr  Aiii- 
.■'I  ni  war-  widithe  I  )iit>  h, 
d  hapjieiied  in  ilie  .liiaii . 
ardour  o|  the  jiuhiie  lo 
e  o!  iIk  re\oluii  m,  \\\vt\ 
liu 


SUPPLE    MEN 


the  war  luokc  nut  with  I'Vancc,  it  was  in  a  vcrv  in^lit- 
fercnt  (ituatr  11.  This  w.is,  in  a  luteal  nicarurej  owing 
toiishaviii'  no  pirliaiiv- ntary  l.iiKtum,  uhenhy  itt 
Uoek  was  oi:  n  lojj  lor  one  hill  lei',  than  itMeal  value, 
tlwrei'oie  It  ..  i<i  i\lulved  ihat  a  111  weon)|)aii\  lii(,uldlie 
dlalilillie  1  uiid.-r  the  authoni  v  of  parlianieiit. 

The  opn..r,ii  III  .nveii  to  all  the  [aihlle  I'pirited  inea- 
fuivs  oil- III.!,  Wilham,  byli.iiui,  rendep-d  this  jiio- 
{1.  fal  a  iiiacer  ot'  vail  diliinlty;  but  ai  lall,  at'ier 
iiuny  pailiiinei.tiry  enquires,  the  iKsv  rubl'eription 
prevailed,  and  tl;e  rnbl.rili.T^  obtained  an  :\c\  ol  par- 
liani  n.  in  ilea  Tn  lui.  The  old  coiiipaiiy,  however, 
rctiiiiol  a  v.ill  iiu  uii.  b  .i!i  in  the  paihainent,  and  the 
nation,  aiivl  ih.'  aa  Ivin',  found  in  loine  rcfpe>:U  dc- 
k'e'bve,  lo  vio!,  ni  a  llru;'gle  beiwceii  the  ti\o  loiii- 
paniesar>l',  ihai,  in  the  year  i  702,  they  were  uniie\; 
b)-an  iiideiKuie  iiipartiie.  In  170",  from  lomc  im- 
poriaiii  pu')!i.-  conlideraiions,  tlicc  impary  obiaineda 
jiiolon  UI  on  of  its  excluli\e  jirivileges  and  a  nc.v 
(.li..ilei  v.-.i>  i;raiUed  theni  under  the  title  ot  "  The 
'*  United  Com|5any  ot  ;»'..  i\  haiii^  iradiiii;  to  th.-  Mall 
*'  liidieN."  li-  exeliilive  right  ot  trade  was  eontinued 
(roin  time  to  time,  and,  troni  loarukratioii-.  limilar 
to  the  tiirmer,  it-j  privilges  v.eie  exieiulcd ;  vet  the 
inicrell  ot  ilieir  capital  w.is  ivihued  lo  ihiee  per  icnt. 
ami  called  ihe  liuli.i  three  per  leiit.  annunie^. 

Thoie  aniiiii:  es  are  dill'erei'l  troiii  tli,  tra  'in;;  lloi  k 
ot  th.  loiupany,  ihe  proj)rieio.-.  ot  wliicli,  inllead  of 
reeciviiii  a  re;,i,lar  aiinuii\',  have,  a^  lordin;.;  to  their 
(ii.i  ;  ni  lliares,  .1  ilividend  of  the  profits  ariliii;,^  fpim 
the  CMiiipain's  trade;  and  that  dividend  rifcs  or  falls 
aie  .:din^;  iotI:e  eir>  iMillaiii  cs  of  the  lompanv,  either 
real  or  pretended.  Out  ot  ilie  body  ot  directors  are 
cholen  lev  r.d  eommaiees,  who  have  the  peeuh.ir  in- 
fpi  -'lion  i.t  crtain  braiiehes  in  the  uimpanv's  bulin.ls. 
Tl-.ele  i.ave  under  iheni  .1  leuctary,ealhler,  i-lerks,  and 
waieliouie  keeper  , 

'I  he  aniizinu;  t-riitorial  aeiiuil'tions  oi  this  eoin- 
piny  nui'.l  n.evllanlv  be  attended  wiih  a  proportion- 
ii'.l.-  in.  1-  ai;  of  trade,  and  ih's,  .nmil  to  the  diih  n- 
tio'is  among  its  mana'^^eis  both  ai  home  and  abroad, 
lia.c,  0!  late,  f^really  eni;ij,^ed  the  .up  ntion  ot  llie  f- 
I'lll.tur-,  iiilomu  11  thai  a  relliic:  un  ila^  oe>.alio;:ally  1 
l.een  hid  o".  tii.ir  divukiid-  tor  ai.eriain  tiiiu. 

Ill  Noveiio.r,  ijS^,  a  i-ill  was  brouy,ht  lor\\ard  by  ' 
Ml.  lo\,  I   .11  1  eiecary  ol  llai-,  lor  new  leL^ulatiiii;  the  ■ 
coiiip:!:i'-,  u'uKr  the   iiippoliiion  ol  ihe  iiKompeleiicy  ' 
ot  die  d.ri:tors,  and   the   inlolwnl   iLite  ot  tiie   eom- 
|ianv.     The  bill  palled  tiie  e.'mmons,  but  an  opp;i|i- 
tion  beini;,  lormed  a',;aint!  it  111  the  lioute  ot  loi\h,  alter 
loiig  ,iaj  il.ihor.ae  d.  bates,   it  wa-  thruMi  nut.      Vari- 
ous attempt    lor  a   n,  u  lii'.l  w.  re  alterwards   made   bv 
M..  i'lit,  ..nd  ill,:  iKW  n.inillr},  iiui  l.u!ed,  which  oe- 


947 

cali  iiicd,  with  other  difputes  on  privilef.^e,  1  dilWatioii 

ol  the  houle  ot  coiimtons. 

A  b  II  palled  at  tli.'  elofe  ot  the  fellions  of  1  -jS.;,  in- 

cluihii^',  the  iIhli-  lt)llowiiig  particiila:;;. 
,       Firll,  tlie  etlablilliing  a   power  of  eontroul  in  ihi. 
j  kingdom,  by  whidi  the  executive  pov.er  in   India  i-; 
!  to  be  coiineded  with  tiial    over   ihe  rtll  ■■{  the  cm- 
I  [lire. 

j       Secondly,  the  rcgul.itif.g  the  eon']ianv's  (ervnnis  iu 
India,  in  Older  to  remed\'ihe  evils  which  have  pre- 

(  vailed  iheie. 

Thirdly,  the  providing  tor  the  piinillimcnt  of  tl-oie 
p.ilons  uho  Ih.dl  neverthehls  continue  in  the  prani^c 
of  crimes  which  ha\c  biouoht  dif-raee  tiiioii  the  com- 
pany. 

Karl,  now  Marquis  Coniwalhs,  wa-;  apjiointed  to  ihc 
(upremc  government  m  liid-a,  boili  livil  and  miliiary, 
an  extent  of  authority  never  bcior.  v.lKii  in  :;n  indi- 
vidual. I'jK.in  I, is  arrival  in  that  country  lu  jnirfued 
Inch  m.afuns  as  eventually  tendeil  to  the  aggran  'i/.e- 
iiKiii  ot  the  Company,  both  in  character  aild  poli'el". 
tioii-.  a-  w.ll  as  promoting  tne  true  interelisand  happi- 
nels  ot  the  natives.  Tothctk  the  luibtilent  t'piiit  of 
Tipjioo  Saib,  whofe  general  oli'ecl  was  to  (ltiti\.\  the 
power  ol  the  tlnglilli  in  India,  the  Marcpiis  foitiu  J  an 
alh,;ii  e  wi'h  the  Mahrattas  and  the  Ni/.am  of  the  IX- 
eaii,  .'.nd  a  p!aii  was  coneerted  ioinily  to  invaele  the 
deiiiini m  ot  the  Sultan. 

I'urluant  to  this  delign,  war  commenced  in  the  be- 
guiningofthe  ye.ir  1  790,  which  was  attended  with  I'uc- 
ceisto  the  Britilh  arms;  and  in  the  loilowing  year  his 
Lordtliip  took  the  comm;\nd  himlelt',  and  advanced 
rap'idly  towards  Scringapatam,  ilic  capital  of  Tipjiou 
Sa;!i's  dominions  ;  but  upon  the  fwellnig  ot  the  river, 
and  the  weak  Itate  of  the  drat't  cattle,  his  Lordlhip  u a. 
reiluced  to  tlicneeellily  ol'abandoniiiglheenterpr/.e  tur 
that  lealon.  Accordme.ly,  alter  leiidtrmi;  Ins  batter- 
ing tram  totally  ulelel-,  lie  retreated  with  the  army  to 
Ij.indalorc. 

i'^aih  ontlie  return  ol  the  enfuing  tealon,  however, 
ill.  .Mart, III-,  in  conjunction  with  his  allies,  reltimed 
i!ie  im|io:taiu  i:iteipM/.e;  he  invilled  Seringapatam  ; 
aikl  iia\  ing  earned  lome  ot  the  ouipolls,  biouglu  to 
terms  ot  lulniillion  the  h.iughtv  Tip|~oo,  who  pur- 
ihateel  a  ]ieaee  by  a  treaty  to  lurrender  up  one  half  of 
his  dominions  to  the  powers  In  allianee,  and  alio  to  pay 
three  crures  and  thirty  la,  ks  of  rupees;  tor  the  per- 
tonnance  eit  whieh  he  deh\eieii  up  two  of  his  fons  as 
holhiges  to  Mai  ipiis  Cornwall  is,  who,  bv  this  gallant 
atchievemcnt  greatly  extendeil  the  teiritories  anel  ad- 
vanced the  lev.nue  of  the  Companv,  anel  tranlmiited 
Ills  ov,  n  name  with  honour  to  pollerity. 


Ork.in  and  Progress  of  the  Art  of  Navigation. 


VARKH'S  opinions  Irive  Icen  lormed  rerpechng 
tlu-  origin  "I  thai  m  'll  im|ioriant  ot  art-,iia\  iga- 
ti'M,  to  wiiiih  a  liuerliiy  of  events  might  probably  have 
given  birth.  TIk-  fea-eeialls,  in  many  placis,  are  lull 
111  dlands,  at  no  great  dillanee  Irom  the  cinun,  ni.  Cu- 
rii'lity  would  na  ii:,i!h  iiniiire  men  with  an  inchn.uion 
to  j  a's  ovi  |- ji:t  I  the  e  ill.inj.s.  A  this  pali'a.'e  wlukI 
n't  app  ai  eiiiier  \eiv  I'lii',  or  \er\'  dangerous,  ;!ie\ 
Would  :, It  miH  it.  Sucie^mone  of  lliele  aliempts 
vv-'iilel  encourage  to  a  lecond.  Plinv  relate-,  that  anci- 
ent !v  llie\  tailed  on!  y.imon  '  I  lie  ill  iiu  Is,  and  that  on  rails. 
I'llliin;',  10  wliieh  teveial  naiions  applied  themlelves 
in  the  i  aihetl  ag^s,  might  .ilto  confil-aite'  to  the  origin 
01  11 1\  igation.  We  are,  however,  moll  inclined  lei 
fiiiiik,  that  the  lull  uleas  of  this  an  Wire  owing  tothole 
nations  whk  h  weiele.ited  nearihe  nmuth-ot  the  ri\ei-, 
where  they  tell  into  the  I'ea.  As  the\  faileii  upon  tliele 
i\\ CIS,  they  weiuld  I'omttituc:.  be  earned  out  to  lea, either 


by  the  current.  In  llorm,  or  even  bv  del'gn.  Thev 
would  be  ten  hied  at  lirtlai  the  violem  cot  the  waves,  and 
I  he  dampers  withwhieh  lh,\  thieaieneel  them.  Hiitwhen 
lluv  hael  goi  o\er  ihete  lirll  terrors,  the\  would  loon  be 
lenlible  ot  the  gavat  advantages  which  the  lea  might 
pv'.ure  them,  aiul,  ot  eonlee;uenee,  v.ould  eiieleavour 
i  I  find  out  the  meaii'  of  failing  upon  it. 

In  whatever  way  mankind  became  tamiliar  with  that 
terrible  eleiiiiiit,  it  i--  certain  that  llie  tirll  elliiNs  in  na- 
vigation were  made  in  the  nv'tl  ancient  times.  Moles 
informs  us,  that  the  grandlons  ot  Japhet  palleil  oeer 
into  the  illaiiels  niMr  the  eiiniinent,  and  ii  ol.  polielFion 
01  theiii.  it  is  ai'o  an  uiuloubted  faci,  that  the  eo- 
lonics  very  liHin  failed  trom  l''.gypt  mto  (ireeee.  San- 
ehoiiiathio  afcrihesthe  invention  of  the  ait  'it  building 
tliips,  and  the  glory  of  underl  il-.ing  U  a-Viiva'e,es,  to  the- 
Caberites.  The  antient  iraehi ions  i.f  the  Phuenieians 
make  the  Cabcrites  coiempotar\  AiihtheTitan-. 

E^Lperuaievi 


III 


,V«' 


Pi 


mm 


5tn 


mMl 


,i:;,u  I. 


r«  I  '!: 


f4S 


A  NEW,  ROYAL-  anp  AL'TIIF.NTIC  SYSTEM  oi'  UNIVERSAF.  GEOCRAl'lIY. 


Expciicnrc  loon  cnuiiuiii^  them,  tli.it  lliips  il>-'- 


llgiMl  tor  iMvig.it'ii^;  iIk'  Ic.^,  oiif!,lu  to  he  ot'  a  iliH 
tctii  toiilliuChon  t\-oin  tliolc  iiitiiK'.cil  tor  riwr, 
thcv  wouKl  m.vkc  it  tlv  ir  Ituilx  to  j^ivc  I'likli  a  lonn 
ami  tolul  ly  to  lll!^l^  iltligiinl  tor  tlu'  lea,  as  wi.ukl 
c.iaIi'i-  tlicm  to  liliil  the  iiuiK-iui-riiv  i)t  its  waves. 

Thi'v  woukl  next  uuleav.mi  to  timl  out  a  puihoil 
of  goivling  anil  dire;Ung  thcai  with  cale  aiul  l^itciy. 
SaiUs  anil  oars  w^rc  the  only  intlriimcius  that  otcui- 
reJ  10  ihein  tor  tome  tutu-.  Ii  mull  liavi  Ikiii  long 
bctori"  iluy  thout^ht  ot  ailiiiiip,  the  helm.  The  anci- 
tnt?  ini.igiiieii,  that  it  was  the  tins  lit  tithe?  whiih 
tint  luiig' llcil  tlk-  klea  ot  oar-,  ami  that  ilie  hint  ol 
the  helm  Aas  tak.  n  tVom  ohiemnn  Iv-a  hiuls  iliiect- 
tii  their  fli.'Ju  by  tluir  tails.  The  ihajv  o!  llnp-,  i\- 
ti-pting  the  i'-uIn  Ik'niis  t.'  Ik'  i  'pud  tVun  ili.it  oi 
hlhes:  what  the  Mns  and  tails  aie  to  tiihes,  that  the 
oars  and  he'in  are  to  Ihiji-.  liui  ihce  are  muy  ton- 
i-'Clores  more  or  lils  provable,  and  UvU  wiTili  e.\.imin- 
in^,  to  the  hntom. 

T!ie  aili-n  ot  the  wijul,  whole  ill'ed-  are  ['o  leiitible 
and  lo  t;equ.;it,  miglu  loni  lup;jeli  the  ule  ot  I. ills. 
But  iliC  manner  ol  ailjullinj;  ami  man,ig,ng  them  was 
more  d'lheiilt,  and  would  not  bi  \i<  loon  dilciveied. 
Till-,  m  all  probibility,  was  [lie  very  lall  part  ot  the 
cr.nllrui";ion  ol  lliij^s  which  was  tmuid  (.iit;  and  we  are 
tontirmed  m  ihis  opini'Mi  by  the  praciiee  ot  the  la- 
vages, ,vnd  otiier  rude  nation'-,  who  lu.vkc  uie  oi;!y  (  1 
oars,  but  have  no  tail-.  It  would  be  the  lame  in  ilie 
fiiil  a.;es.  The  lirll  navigators  only  coalUd,  and  cau- 
tioully  avoided  lolin^  frjit  ot  land,  in  liuh  iircum- 
llanees  taiU  would  true   b.en  more  ilmg^roiis   tlian 


uleai 


It 


rciiuired  the  e\peiieiuc  ot  leveral  ages   t 


teach  navijjator'-  the  art  ui  emplowng  the  wind  in  the 


hrection  o 


I  Ih 
It  we  bihcvt 


;  vcr,  the  ancient  traditions  of  the 


■-gvptian-,  tins   art  ot  uliii'j,  the   wi 


mails  and  1. 
1 


nd,  by 


riieaitk  ot 


w.is  eXeCetl;i;g  aniicnt. 


lor.our  ol  tiii^  tlikoverv 


to  ill 


Hut 


liev  j;ivc 


o\er   ami 


:ib  Vi 


til- 


lute   I  reu.t   w:,r.li    is    ili.e    to    the    gi 


eat  ell 


"•art 


ji  tie   hiiioiy  ut   ih.it  pimirt's    it   evidently   :ippeai 
;hat  I  lib  dUi-OV^ry   cannot  be  alinbcd    to   th.  Egy[) 


ti-.ns. 


M  n  iraifl  toon  l!a\e  endeavoured  tii  find  out  t" 


)m: 


etho..]  1,1 


Ih 


ip»  at    lea,  aik!  keeping  them 


lirm  at  the.r  iivaoriniis.     Tlie\  would  at  tirit  m.;ke  ule 


ut  V. 

Itom 


tea. 

aces, 

l,j;t 


lary. 


ex[)ed)iiiis  f,ir   this  purpole,  Inch  a- 


ir-- 


li  k-  I 


01 


A  land, 


or  ot.iR-r  iK.u  \ 


1 


i  tin,\  lix.il   to  ri)pcs  ;uiu  tnrew  into  the 


mill 


woo  ill 


He 


lulh 


tlent    in   ihe    lilt! 


ml 


the   vcllel-  they  uled  were  onlv  i'lnall  a 
Bui  a-    iia\iu:U:on  improved   and  laigti 


li,  lomc  otiier   i 


uaili 


\\  L  kii  w  no!   at  what  time,  or 

ti 


beca 
bv 


wiiom  tlie 


anchor,  ih.u  m.icume  .a  o;ice  to  limple  aiul  !o  admira- 


ble 


XNas  uivenle. 


We  Imd 


nolhinf»  certain  on  llii 


fubieCl  in  ;UiC:clU  aud'OT' 
this  <lila,Vt.rv  in  aiie'- 


now  examining. 


0!ll\    till 


'  i\  .v. 


The 

different  iieilwiis.     T 


y  V 


.A. 


■y  agr 


ee  in 


plat  1 


nor  to  t::ole  we  are 


itvnbethi.  invention  to  leviial 


cliines  niicti 


t  be  t. 


nnv:. 


ichor,  like  |i 


It  in  m:in 


ver.i 


1  oti 


I',  r  ma- 


,.t  the  tame  tfu 


y  ditf 


erent  count  lies. 


t  IS  ceriam  tr.at  ihi 


liill 


am  I 


not  iiKUle  ol  iroii,  no',  i 


.t  ll. 


or  even  ol 


Woo<'.     'I'hee  lall  wi.iL  leaded  wiih  lead.   \\  i'  aie  lold 


thi   bv  levei.il  wriier- 
Tl 


ami  amon 


nil  otlii 


rs  bv  Uiode 


i;s  aut'.ur  r.;ai  s,  that  tiic- 


'IllJUIl 


in  tlieii 


liill 


S 


flii 


ps  COl.i--  ■ 


]  iin,  liaMiij,  imalkd  iiiure  lilvir  th.intlKir 
aain,  took  the  lead  t:om  llie.r   .mcliois. 


and  put  lilve;  ;n  its  place.     We  may  obl>;ive  turther, 


that  the  lirlt  anchors  had 


til!  many  ages  after  that  A:, a.  liaMis  invented  one  wiih 


two. 


All  thefe  different  kind    ot'ani.h( 


llill 


in  ule  in 


fo: 


mc  countries. 


'II 


le   inhabitant,  ot   1.  eland,  and  ol 
Ule  with  a  hole  in  the  luid- 


In  CI 


una, 


Bander  Coiij^o,  ule  a  large  ll 

le,  and  a   UilL   tlirull  ihioi 

Siam,  andthe  Manillas  the\  have  onl 

to  which  they  ue  ^re^t  Hones.  In  the  kun^doin  ot  Call 


Japaii 


\  woocli-ii  am  hois. 


cu 


t  tl 


u\'  arc  ol 


The  iiznorance  <  f  ilu  lirll 


agc« 


and  ot  many  nations  to  tliis  d..y,  of  the  art  of  work 
iron,  ha-  bem  the  O'  calion  ot  .ill  thelciudeaiul  duii'.y 
lontriv.ime'. 

Til. High  the  W-^"^  n.ivigator'- eivdU'd  alon",  the  Ihoics, 
and  took  all  p.i'iiblc  p..iiis  not  to  lole  llglu.a  land, yet, 
in  the  very  liiil  ages  they  mull  treiiii.nilv  have  been 
diiveii  olVto  lea  I 'V  llorms.  'Ihe  contulion  and  uncer- 
tainty they  found  thentlelvcs  in  when  th.  le  accidcnis 
lia])pened  would  put  iheiii  upon  lludMnglome  iiiiil'.oj 
ot  linding  wheie  they  were  in  theic  liutimll.uuv-. 
Thev  would  lo-in  be  lenlii'le.  th.it  the  inlpcction  ol  the 
hui\enly  bo'Jic,  was  the  only  thing  that  >  ou'.d  all' ml 
them  .my  direeiion.  It  was  in  this  maniv  r,  probably, 
tli.it  alli.T.oiiiy  came  to  be  applied  to  n.ivi  ;.;tion. 

I'loin  ihe  lull  momeiitmen  betian  loobU  ivethe  ti-.o- 
tion  ot  the  heav.nU  bodies,  thev  would  t.i'.,c  lu-tke  t  at 
in  tir.t  p. lit  ot  the  heavens  wh  re  the  Inn  ne\a  pin'.s 
tlui\  .i:e  certain  llais  whiihai'peai  eon'.l.iuily  ivciv 
ni^'Jit.  it  was  i.ily  lodlh  u\er  the  polition  ot  ih  le  llais- 
in  relpeel  ol  our  earih,  Thev  appear  al  '.a)S  on  the  lelt 
ham!  u:  the  obiervator,  whole  l.ice  is  luined  onti.e  eail. 
Na\  igators  were  loon  lenhbk',  that  tin  dilVoVity  migl.t 
be  ot  gixai  .advant.ige  to  them,  as  thefe  liars  c  )!illaiitiy 
poimed  <  ut  the  lame  part  ot  the  world.  When  ihiy 
happened  to  be  dtiven  tiom  iluir  coiiile.  t'  ly  :ouiid, 
ih.U,  in  order  to  recover  it,  they  lind  only  to  dir  et 
their  lliij)  in  luch  a  manner,  a  to  bnno  l^r  into  her 
tormer  [loiiiioii,  with  rtlp.c't  lo  thole  ll.as  winch  they 
law  regularly  ever\  night. 


t   was  not 


Antk.uitv  cive-  tic 


ir  (  f  this  d.  covery  to  the 


Phoenician',  a  iieipK  iqual'y  iiuh.lli  ru-  and  cptirpii- 
ling.  The  (ju  at  Bar  would  pii  bal 


Iv  .  e  tl 
hi 


lirll 


gMlllC 


which  tlicle  ancient  naMeaiois  made  choiie  i 
eoni 


1 


I  IS 


eilat  onis  calif.  d.lliiij'U.llud,  both  ly  t!  e  biight- 
nels  .iiid  pe.  uli..r  arrangenit  lit  of  t!c  thus  which  loni- 
pole  It.  1?  iiig  n.ar  the  \h'l:,  it  h.ud'.v  ever  let^  will? 
re'i'eel  to  tho'e  placesw  liK  hthe  I'hicniciar.s  lrei)i;  r.led. 


W  e  know  not  in  what  age  naiig.itors 


th(l 


Hg.ai  to  oil. 
lervethe  northern  11. us  for  the  dir.  e'tii>n  ol  iheir  cour;e 


but  It    mull  h.ivi 


I  ii 

toll 


11   m   \^  i\   .nil  u  lit    tim  s. 


T' 


at  Bear  l^  m  nlioned  in  the  !>  'ok  of  Job,  who  leeiii'; 


avL  c  nverte  1  muJi.iulur.ercliants  and  navigators, 
Tl:e  name  i  y  iihivh  that  eoiilU  llaiion  was  known  among 
the  ancient  inha!)ta;u-  of  (iice.e. 


ih-v  rJateil  .ihout  itso;i>'iii,  prove  it  wasoiv^rv.( 


.C    t    ! 

b' 


for 


Bii 


ireciiouol  naviiiator^  in  ver\   remote  ag 


tit  the  oh',  rv.u  loll  I 


f  iheila 


in  the  (iriat 


B 


a  \eiv  Ki'.perfeet  .'.'i!  un 


a  Iliii 


1 


eitani  rule  f  t  the  diitvi  on  ot 
•ilie  kit  ion  fioims 


le  irutii  I-,  Ilu-  eoi 


It  the  pule  onlv    in  a    v.iv  \ague  .ind  umtuled  ir.an- 


Its  head 


■t  lutiiuenilv  near  it,  and  iistxire 


dill  un  Irom  it.      1  nis 
nt  alpiit-,  both  at  oil- 
ier nt  hou:'-  ol  the  niLlht,  m  t'le  I  ime  le.ilon  o'  li.e  \ .  ar. 


m;l;es  .ue  more  ih.ui  4:"  degree 
V  ul  L.xtent  oiealion-  lervdlV. 


ami  111  tl:e 
tiop.  won 


uue  hour  in  d.il'eient  le.'.lon 


lis  varia- 


!!■ 


e  1. oniiikr.i  iv  i' 


•111 


T 


,11  It  eaiiie  to 


ie    reeiTv^d  to  tiie  lioiizoii,  to  which  the  courle  ot  n '.- 


visitors 


mull 


nC'  ell'ii  ilv  I  e  retcnei 


Tl 


an  allcianic  lor  this  v.iriition  l)\  gi 
not  but  oecalion  gieit  millakes 


^y 


h.ive  made 


.h 


.lid 


1  eiiors  in  tlio'.e.aj'.es. 


wiiLii  tliev  w 


..re  guide 
metrical  rules  ami  i.ii 
manv  a 'cs  alter. 


lb 


-L 


y  P' 


i.Mu  e  ill 


liead  ol 


w.ui  h  WMC  not  invviilei 


till 


It 


all! 


ia\i  been 


.ire  navi'ation  arm 


d   at 


any  toleiable  ilegree  ot  [Krtecti 
[iroLlhi 


1 


ion  which  reoaiires  lo  nuiLh  ihou^ilit  and   know- 


ler.-  IS  no  ait  or 
1   kr 


le 


Tiie  art  ot  f.ulinti,  is  01 
i ;   us    lu.oi!  common  o 


all  oth-  IS  tlu  m.>ri  com- 


v.iiiuu-i 


Ur  uii  lies    in 


dilU 


,1 1    11    d-  ll.  IH 


rent   Ic'.eiui 


It    .ipj.i 


thai  even  in  thea^'cs  wc  arc  n- w  examining. 

Il'.i 


lomenatioiis  hadmidelome  piogielsm  iiiarii  imeall.ur 
Thefe 


dlleove-lles  eati 


be  al'  ri;  eJ  to  nothing  but  that 
j\e  tijioiiimeri-e  with  which  theli  nations  \\ereaniiii.U- 
eii  aieat  aril 


id  th 
the  like  ol 


lour  lor  the  adv.uicenient    ot  it ; 
ha- 


which  coniuiuingin  luture  age, has  01  'U'lU 
the  art  of  Juvij^ation  to  its  i-refeiil  llate  ot  p.rtccli  'ii. 

A    GLNliRAL 


fiVOCiRAniY. 

noLiiuf  ( 1'  tlu  Crd  at;t«, 
■  v,  o\  il.t  .lit  <  t  workmj; 
•ill  iht'ciiidc.iiul  c'u  Illy 

co:i(U'il  alonr.,  tlk  (lioies, 
1(1  l)tc  liglil  ,.l  l.ind.yil, 
'.'.il  tr.qii.nilv  l.avf  \\xn 

I  lie  C'liitnli'Mi  aiitl  iiiutr- 
ii>  win  II  ill  k-  iitiitlciiis 
.Ml  lliiih  iiig  loiiii-  iiutlud 

in  iIrIc   iiriiiiiill.iiui.v. 

th.il  ilu-  inipcc'tiun  ol  tlic 

ilimi;   tli.it  loii'.d  aH'.miI 

II  lll;^  maniii  r,  inil'abiy, 
I'litd  III  n.ivi  :.;iion. 

ii'.'.,'.ii  Id  oliK  I  vc  ilie  1110- 
ic\  would  t.il.t  lU'tkc  ti.it 
Il  le  lli'J  liin  iKwf  p.ilils 

api'car  Cdnll.uiilv   ivciy 

I  he  pOlllKlll  >  t  ill  fc  ll.iis 
appi.tr  .d  . ajs  on  the  lilt 
i.iu  IS  luincd  ontl.c  t.ul. 
iIku  till  dill  oviiy  ir.i^lt 
,  astlRlV  ll.iis  I  iiill.Hiiiy 
t  lilt  v\orld.  Wlun  lluy 
ili-ir  comic,  t'  ;y  .<iuiul, 

l!u  V  1i:h1  otily  III  (lir  ct 
a  I'l  linnu  Iki  into  hci 
lo  ill.  Ic  11..IS  vMiitli  tla-y 

ir  (  f  ilii^  d.  cd'.My  lo  ilie 
ilidi.lli  1.  u-  .md  trti  i  j.|  i- 
.  lal  ly  ,  c  il.c  lirll  jviidc 
)is  niai'.i  ilioii c  (''.  Ti  is 
.llud,  Ivnli  ly  i'  f  lniu,lit- 
t  ot  the  Ihus  which  lO'ii- 
,  it  ii.iidiv  ev.r  lel^  v, it!^ 
u  I'ha-iiitiai'.s  lieiji:  r.U'd, 
\  ii^.iiiirs  fiid  lie^  .11  lo  oli- 
iL-  ilir^i;tii>ii  ot  iluir  L'liiiie; 
I  IV  .Mil  il  111  tiiu  '-.  The- 
le  b'  'ok  ot  Job,  i\lio  III  111^ 
ir.erchants  and  n.i\  i^.uors. 
U  1!. II  ion  ua'  knownaiiioiit' 
!tc  e,  .liul  the  I  dc-  V.  111.  il 
,  prove  it  was  'ibl>rv.il  lor 
w:\  riiiiotc  af,  . 
ilai^  in  I  he  (iiiat  B  ar  «as 
111  rill.'  t'.T  the  diu'Ct  (in  ot 
,  ihi'  lor.de  lalioii  p.iiius 
\a;.;ii.  and  lont'iiled  n;an- 
iily  r.e.'.r  ii,  and  ils  (  xiri- 
eis  d:tt  '.nt  lioni  it.  T'lis 
li'.  r.  lit  alpiCi  ,  b'l'h  at  di!- 
'le  l.iiiU'  k'.iluii  ()■'  liie  V  lar, 
leni  le.'.loii'.  This  vana- 
ii:icali-i.L  wlun  it  came  lo 
to  which  the  tourlc  <il  n  ;- 
ctcned.  'I'luy  h.ivc  made 
.111  b\  g'.itl  ,  w  i.:l1i  1  lulj 
.csaiiii  eirors  in  tliile.a;',cs, 
by  pr  iciu  c  inlUid  "I  nco- 
lU  li  Wvie  not  iiiwiiud  till 

ti'rc  navr'aiioii  arm  .d  at 
ciiun.  '1  licr,'  is  no  ait  or 
lui  11  I'.iUi.'Jit  and  kiiou- 
ji  .ill  "i''i  1:  ill  111. ill  com- 
opci.iti  '11  d>p-nd  upi'ii 
nt  icienns.  It  apjiiis, 
es  wc  arc  n^  w  e\aiiiinm'^, 
iiijoielsin  m  iriliineall.iii  ■. 
lil  ed  lo  nothing',  but  that 
tlict'   n  II  ions  i\eie.;ni:nat- 

I  the  adv  MlCCIlK'Ul     ot    il  V 

II  iiiluit  .:^C'  ,ha-  I'l  111  '111 
rtltnt  llalc  ol'  iKilccli  ni. 

A   glni:r/\l 


(     949     ) 


GENERAL    TABLE    or    COINS, 

INCLUDING 

All  the  MONIES,  >vrt/  or  iinaginary,  whctlici  aftvially  ufed  in  Commercial  and 
DonulHe  A  flairs,  in  making  Payments,  &:e.  or  ideally  employed  in  keeping 
Aeeounts,    in  all  the  Countries  of'the  KNOWN    WORLD. 

}ictt.    To  the  Ini.iginary   Monies,  wliicli  are  employed  for  the  greater  Facility  ot'  keeping  Accounts,    this 

Mark   "   is  pretixeil. 

'„*    All   Fradions  in   iliis  TABLE  are  Parts  ot"  an  Englifh  Penny. 


c 


c 


ENGLAND   and    SCOTLAND. 

London,  Brijlcl,  Livtrpool,  L?c. 
F.iliiil>itrgf.\  Cilii/gow,  Merdeen,  c.-'f. 


equal  lo 


L- 


A  r.irihiiii^ 

o 

0 

0    ; ' 

2  Fan  lungs 

a  Halt  penny      o 

o 

0      i  i 

1  Hallpiiice 

a  Penny        -     o 

o 

I 

4  IVnee 

a  (iroat  -     -     o 

0 

4 

6  Pence 

a  1  lait  Shilling  o 

o 

6 

1 1  Pence 

a  Shilling     -     o 

1 

0 

i;  Shillings 

a  Crown       -     o 

^ 

0 

zo  SInilings 

•  a  Pound       -     I 

o 

o 

21  Shillings 

a  (iiunea      -     i 

1 

0 

1 

R  E  L  A  N  I). 

Didlin, 

Cork,  Londonderry, 

cr'f. 

A  I'arthinii, 

0 

o 

0  V, 

1  I'aiihini;s 

a  Flall'penny      o 

o 

O     ,"j 

2  1  lallpence 

*a  Penny       -     o 

0 

'  :i 

6il'enie 
I .;  Pence 

I  ;  Pence 
6;  Pince 
20  Shillings 

II  i  Shillings 


a  n.alt'  ShiUin-  o 
"A  Shilling  Inlh  o 

a  Shilling      -     o 

a  Crown  -  o 
•a  Pound  Inlh    o 

a  (iuinea      -     i 


6 

1 1 

o 

o 

5 

o 


F  [.  A  N  1)  E  R  S  ANn    B  R  A  R  A  N  T. 

Chcnt,  OJlend,  c- 


*  Pening 
4  Pening.  n< 
8  Pciiiiigens 
2  (jrotes 
6  Petards 
~i  Pciaids 
40  (irntcs 
I  7  ;  Si  alius 
240  G rotes 


Jntiucrp,  Brtijfeis,  i.'c. 

o     o     o, 

000 

000 

000 

o  o  5 

006 

016 

093 
.0      ()      o 


an  Urclic 
'a  Groie 
a  Petard 

♦a  Scalin 

a  Scahii  -     - 
\pl-'lorin 

a  l)ucat 
*.i  Pound  F'icm 


6 ■^ 


HOLLA  N  1)   A  N  n    7.  E  A  L  A  N  D. 

Amjln-dam,Ro!tcrdam,MidJUkirg,l'luJhing,^^c. 

'  Peniiij; 
.S  Pcniiigens 
2  ( I  rotes 
6  Stivers 
.'o  Stivers 


50  Stiveis 
60  Stivers 
10;  Stivers 
6  f  iuilde  i 
No.  87. 


M  Cm  tc   -     - 
a  Stiver 
.1  S^ahn 
a  Guilder      - 
a  Rix-doll;|,r 
a  Div  Guilder 
a  Ducat  -     - 

*a  Pound  Flem.o 


o 
o 
o 
o 
I 
4 
5 
9 
10 


4, 

o 

a!, 


o 


HAMBURG. 

AUena,  Lubcc,  Brimoi,  tsfc. 


equal 

•0                  L 

s. 

d. 

•  ATryling 

0 

0 

Or 

<r 

2  Trvlings 

♦a  Sexling     -     0 

0 

0 

.V 

2  Sexlings 

a  Fening      -     0 

0 

0 

1'^ 

12  Fenings 

a  Shilling  Lub.  0 

0 

1 

iT 

i()  Shillings 

"a  Marc         -    0 

1 

6 

2  Marcs 

a  Slet-dollar      0 

\ 

0 

^  Marcs 

a  Rix-dollar      0 

4 

6 

6 ;  Marcs 

a  Ducnt        -     0 

9 

4 

^ 

120  Shillings 

••■a  Pound  Flem.  0 

1 1 

3 

HANOVER. 

Lunenburgh,  ZeiL  dc. 


*  Fening 

^  Fenings 

8  l-'cnings 

I  2  Fenings 

8  Grofhen 

16  (irothcii 

24  Grothen 

;2  (iiothen 

4  Guldens 


a  Drcyer 
a  Marieii 
a  Grolh 
a  Hah'Ciulden  o 
a  Gulden  -  o 
*a  Ri\-dollar  o 
a  Doubk-  Gulden 
a  Ducal        -     o 


o 

o 
o 
o 
I 

2 

3 
4 
9 


o 
o 
I 

1 

4 
6 
8 

z 


SAXONY    AND    H  O  L  STEIN. 


Drejden,  Ltlffig,  &c. 
■  An  Heller 
2  Hellers 


in/mar,  Keil, 


6  Flellers 
16  Hellers 
12  Fenings 
16  Grofhen 
24  (irolhen 
32  (irolhen 

4  (ioulds 


a  Fening 
a  Dieycr 
a  Maricn 
a  Grolh 
a  Gould 
a  Ri\-dollav 
a  Specie-dollar  o 
a  Ducat        -     o 


o 
o 
o 
1 
I 

4 
6 
8 
4 


BRANDENBURGH  and  POMERANIA. 

Berlin,  Potjdcm,  ir'i .      Stctin,  bic. 
*  A  Denier 


9  Denieis 

iiS  Deniers 

^  Polchens 

20  Grothen 

;o  Grothen 

1)0  (.irolhen 

icS  (iroliien 

8  Idorins 

II  H 


a  Polchen 

a  Cjiolh 

an  Abrafs 
*a  Marc 

a  I'lorin 
^a  Ri.v-dollar 

an  Albert  lis 

a  DiKai 


o 

o 
o 
o 
o 
I 

.? 

4 
9 


i't 


O  !•  r 

Q  y= 
o  ,V 
o 

9 

2 
(1 
2 


COLO  (i  N. 


'I'l' 


c50 


\  i 


I'M 


i'- 


I  ■  '    i; 


T  \  P.  I     V     01 

COL(1fiN,  Af"/.'.  Triers,  L!(,::r,  Munich, 
MmiiJLt,  PaJrijurii,  ^.-c.  j 

/■  •        I 

ADutc 

;  l)utc<  -T  C.'iuii/cr 

"•  CiiJit/crs  an  Minis 

S  l)lltc^  a  Stncr 

;  Sincrs  a  I'Mprt 

4  I'l.ii'titii  ;i  C'oplUiik 

40  SllVl  IS  .1  (illliill-T 

2  (utilditv  a  H-ird  Dollar  <> 

4  OiiiUki^         a  DiiiaJ        -    o 

BOIU.MIA.  SILESIA,  ant  Ill'NdARY. 


r  <1  I  N  ^',   f^' . 


o 


Ui 
C 


3 

o      o 

O  O 
I)  o 
I)      o 

o  o 
o     o 

O      2 

4 
9 


o 
o 
o 

i 

S 

4 

8 


/'m^»«;-,  /r-T?.;;/,  PreJIurg,  <-c 

A  F.'ning 

2  l''cniiij^s 

3  Fcnin;.!,s 

4  I'Cnlii^s 

3  Criiitzers 
()o  CriiitztTs 
t;c  Criiitzcrs 

;  Goiikis 

4  Ij.'ulds 


o 

:i  Diiycr  -  " 
a  (ii>iili  -  -  o 
a  CiuitztT  -  n 
a  Willie  Giori)  1) 
a  (i.nilii  -  u 
•a  Ri\-dollar  o 
a  Maul  Dollar  o 
a  DiK.it        -     1" 


o 
o 
o 

o 
o 

4 
() 
S 
4 


AUSTiOl  A  ANi>   SWA  in  A. 

Vienna,  Triejie,  ;si.     Augsburg 
A  l-cning 


B'iulcim,  c-'(. 


i  I'cnings 
4  I'cnings 

14  lriiin'^> 
4  Ciuit/.cr-i 

15  Bat /A' II 
go  Cruitzcrs 
;o  Bat/cn 
CO  Bat/.cii 


a  Duvtr 
aCniii/.i.r    • 

'Jr.fti 
a  Bat/.tn 
a  (.ioulil 
•a  Kix-iliiilai 
a  S])ccn. -dollar  o 
a  DuLat        -     n 


1    R  A  N  C  O  N  I  A. 

Ii\inkJort,  h'uremkurg,  Dcttingtn, 


I 


A  Iciimg 
4  Fellings 

3  Criiii/ers 

4  Ciuit/.crs 
1 1;  Cruiizci-) 
60  Cruit/xTs 
lyo  Cru.t/.cr'.. 

2  (joulds 
240  Cruit/cis 


0 
a  Criiit/.cr  -  o 
a  Kcrlcr  Gi'lh  o 


a  B.a/.cn 
an  Ort  (ioukl 
a  (.ioold 
'a  Kix-tloilir 
a  Haril-dol!ar 
a  Ducat 


o 

o 
o 
o 

o 

2 
.> 

4 

9 


o 
o 

I 

4 

f) 

S 
4 


o 
o 
I 
I 
7 
4 
6 


Z 


r  O  LA  N  D    AND 


1>  R  L  S  S  I  A. 


Cracow,  n\vyjj,i.-c.  Bantzi ,Kottingshfrg,-:c , 


ASliilon 

3  Shcloiis 

j  (irwlhcn 

^  CoLiilits 

18  Grolheii 

^0  (irufhen 

ip  (irolhen 

8  Floiins 

5  Rix-d')ll.irs 


a  Grolh 
a  CoulUc 
a  Tinio  -     - 
an  Ort     -     - 
a  Florin 
'a  Rix-dollar 
a  Ducat 
a  I''n.dirK  d'Or 


o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
I 

9 

17 


L  1  V  O  N  I  A. 

Riga,  Revel,  N.irva,  L:c. 

A  Rlick^;n       -  -  o 

u  BI.kIs.  lis        a  Gtofh  -      -     <J 

()  Blatktiis        a  N'ordinji!,    -     u 

2  Gr  ifiKii        a  Wlii[i.n      -     o 

6  Grollicii         a  Marc    -     -     u 

3'j  (iiollicn         a  Flunn        -     u 

1,0  Giollicii  'a  Kix-dolLr       o 

lo'-i  (irollitn         an  AUhiius       o 

64  Whitens        aCuppcr-i-'KDol. 


o 

D 
O 

o 
o 
I 

3 
4 
5 


DKNMARK.ZF.ALAN'P.aniA.  iRWAV. 
Cvpenliigfti,  Sound,  i'c.  Utrgcn,  Drcmlfiw,  cV. 


■juat  la 

/:• 

s 

J. 

A  SkilliiiR 

- 

1 1 

0 

0 

^  Skllllllg^ 

a  DupKtn     - 

11 

0 

i 

ifi  Skilliin;s 

•aMiu 

(1 

0 

9 

:o  Skilliiij;'' 

a  Rix-niaic 

0 

0 

1 

21  SkiUmtiS 

a  Rix-.'it      - 

0 

1 

I 

4  Marts 

a  Ctow  11 

0 

3 

0 

(>  Marcs 

a  Rix-di.llar 

u 

4 

b 

II  Maris 

a  Diivat 

0 

S 

« 

14  Maji-. 

a  Halt  Ducat 

0 

10 

0 

S  W  V.  D  I 

N    ANO    LAI 

L 

A  N 

I 

^Icckhlm,  L'/J\il,  (Ji-     'Tiirn,  L\ 
"Ruiifticls  ■  -  o 

:  Ruiillh  ks  a  Stiver        -     o 

iS  Riinllicks  a  Copper  Ni.irc  o     o 

;  Gojipcr  Marcs  aSilvu  M.iu    o 

4  Coppc;  M.uis  a C'lppii  Dollar  o 
9  Cc^ppcr  Marcs  a  CJiroliiic  -  o 
3  Cojiper  D  illar-a  Silvei  Dull.ii  o 

5  Silver  Dollars  a  Rix-dollai  o 
2  Rix-dollsrs       a  Ducat        -     o 


0 

0 

,V 

u 

0 

0 

1 

« 

0 

•f 

1 

0 

() 

s 

' 

2 

1 
4 

1  1 

8 

' 

9 

4 

U  L'  S  S  I  A 

AND      M  U  S 

CO  V 

V. 

Pttcrjlurg, 

Archangel,  Mofcovj 

s 

c. 

A  I'oluica 

. 

0 

0 

0,' 

z  rolulc.is 

a  Dennlca    - 

0 

0 

0,' 

2  IVtuiica^ 

^a  Copec 

I) 

0 

0 

3  Copccs 

ail  Aliin 

0 

0 

1 

10  Co|)CCS 

a  <  iiievener 

0 

0 

5 

2 .;  Copc\s 

a  rol[X)tiii    - 

0 

1 

1 

■~,z  Copc>.'s 

.1  I'oltm 

CI 

2 

.1 

100  Copecs 

a  Riiblr 

0 

4 

(1 

2  Rubles 

a  Xerxxnitz 

0 

9 

0 

W  A  S  1  L. 
Zurkk,  /.tig,  C'l". 


A  Rap 

3  Rapen 

4  FVnmgs 

12    I'cHKigS 

I  5  F'enin^i^s 
I  8  leninij,s 
20  Sols 
60  Cruit/crs 
Io!>  Cuutzers 


- 

0 

0 

0 

a  Fcnii.g 

0 

0 

0 

,1  Cruit/er     - 

0 

0 

0 

a  Sc!        -     - 

0 

0 

1 

aCoarfcRaLz 

•11  0 

(5 

1 

a  CiotMlBaiZ' 

n  0 

0 

2 

a  Livif 

0 

a 

6 

a  (tulden 

0 

X 

6 

a  Rix-dullar 

0 

4 

3 

St.    (;  a  r  l. 


Jninzc:,  <sc. 


n  %\ 

7. 

An  HcILr 

- 

(1 

0 

0 

0    ,\ 

< 

2  Ffillers 

u  Frnmf; 

0 

0 

0 

!  \ 

3; 

4  Fvnin^is 

a  Cru'.izer     - 

0 

0 

0 

1     1 
^   "  1 

UJ 

1  2  F'lninjjs 

*.i  Sol        -     - 

0 

0 

1 

s 

4  Cniii/cis 

aConr'.'eB.ii/ 

n  0 

0 

2 

^     11 

6        i 

^ 

i;  Cuiirzers 

a  (iood  BaiZA 

n  0 

0 

2 

> 

CO  SpIs 

*.i  Lavrc 

0 

2 

6 

4          i 
0          1 

1; 

(Ti 

60  Cu.iizers 

a  Gould 

0 

2 

6 

IQ2  Ciiii'.Zirs 

a  Rix-do'l.ir 

9 

4 

3 

H  F  R  N. 

1 

Liict 

y,   Stiifih..u:, 

c^c. 

1   ' 

0  V='l 

A  Dciuer 

- 

0 

0 

0 

0    ,•/ 

4  Dcniers 

a  Crui !/<-•!     - 

0 

0 

0 

0   -i'l    \ 

3  C'niitzers 

aSul       -     - 

0 

0 

0 

0  :vi 

4  Ci  iiiizcrs 

a  Piapfrt 

0 

0 

1 

I    t'l 

5  Ciiiiizers 

a  <  iis'S     - 

u 

0 

2 

6  Cruitzirs 

a  i5atztu 

0 

0 

-!. 

■  6       !l 

:o  Sols 

a  Livrc  -     ■ 

n 

■1 

0 

2  ■/■•'! 

75  C'liiitzcf; 

a  Gulden 

0 

2 

() 

1 

0          '  ! 

1  .'5  C'iu:t*«ri 

,1  C'ruwn 

0 

4 

0 

G  F. 

N  l:  \ 

.A\P,an:A   iRWAY. 
c.  itrgoi,  Drciilldiii,  c-V. 


19 

/;• 

s 

J. 

- 

1 1 

0 

o 

Xipfftn     - 

() 

o 

\ 

liu 

(1 

o 

9 

lix-in.uc 

o 

o 

:  1 

la-.. II      - 

u 

1 

1 

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u 

1 

o 

lix-iU.lUr 

l> 

4 

6 

)ii..at 

u 

8 

< 

1.1II  O.iuc 

0 

10 

0 

*Nn   LA  I'  LA  N  I). 


o 

0 

o 

iiivcr        -     0 

o 

o 

.o|ipcr  Nl.iri;  o 

o 

1 

mIvi  I  Mill    o 

o 

*f 

J'lpi'i-i  D'.llai  o 

o 

ft 

JiljIiik-     -      I) 

1 

2 

Silver  Doll.u  I) 

1 

(> 

Ku-aollai       o 

4 

« 

Ducat        -     o 

0 

4 

ND  M  r  SCO  V  V, 


(L\ingtt,  A 

loj  CO-JO 

C"" 

c. 

- 

o 

o 

0.'.'. 

Dcniilca 

-     ,) 

o 

o," 

Cojiec 

-     I) 

o 

o 

1  Akin 

(1 

o 

1   ' 

( iiieviiur 

o 

o 

5 

rolcwtm 

() 

1 

1 

I'oltin 

-     o 

2 

> 

Ruble- 

-     o 

4 

(i 

Xcrv^nitz 

o 

9 

o 

A  S  1  L. 


ck,  y.ugy  i-c. 

o 

o 

o 

FcMii.g      -     o 

o 

o 

Ciiiit/.tr     -     0 

o 

o 

So!       -     -     o 

o 

I 

CoarleRaLZ'-'ii  o 

o 

1 

CiocmI  B.U/.i  n  o 

o 

I 

I  1  ,ivrf         -     o 

2 

6 

(iiildfii      -     o 

1. 

6 

I  Rixdcill.ir      o 

4 

3 

C   A   L   L. 


'renzi 


I  C  ruitzi-r 
1  Sol 
iConrleB.u/.  1)  n 

J  (ioOtl  lial/'AH  o 

I  Livrc         -     o 

\  (iouUl  -       O 

\  Rix-i.lo'l.ir      y 

!  F  R  N. 

Sciifd.Jd,  i'-'i. 


o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 

2 


I  Crui!/rr 
.1  Sol 
a  Piaptrt 
:i  ( iiv.s      - 
a  Hat/cii 
a  Livrc  - 
;i  (luklcn 
.1  Cruwri 


o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
2 

2 


o 

O       2      0 

-      040 

<J  E  N  i:  \  A. 


c 


1   A  R  L  I",    OK   COIN  S,  &i.  951 

a   I",  N  F.  V   A.  [  iiikii'i.ir,  Mahivn,  D:-m,i,  L'':.     I'e.'oH. 


/'. 

l./v,  H'Wie,  isif. 

eqilil 

1  to                      /. 

r. 

d. 

A  I')i-tiicr 

.     .      0 

0 

0 

I     I)    IlkTS 

aDcnirnurrtnto 

0 

0 

1  i   1  )ciii^rs 

a  Small  S.jI  -    0 

0 

0 

12   Don.  cur. 

.1  Sol  current     0 

0 

0 

12  Small  Si  N 

'.1.  Florin     -    -  0 

0 

4 

20  S')!*.  cur. 

*a  Livrc  ciirr-.-ni  0 

1 

S 

10'   I'lorins 

a  I'atacoii  -   •  0 

1 1 

15 {     I'loilll'. 

a  Croii.ulc  -  -  0 

10 

24  I'loiiin 

a  Dut.ii      -      0 

0 

Ill 

3  ;  U 

I  v. 

< 

o 


w 


Z.//A",    C.imi/rtty,   I'alcniicmu-u  trV. 


.'\  Denier 


1  2 

Dcnicrs 

a  Sol    ...     0 

0 

0 

1  i 

Dciucrs 

•a  rataril       -     0 

0 

0 

1  > 

I'.itarih 

'a  I'lctte        -     0 

0 

9 

20 

Sols 

aLivrcTouniois 

0 

!0 

20 

I'.itarils 

*a  Florin        -     0 

1 

0 

(-0 

SoK 

an  Feu.  ot  K\   0 

2 

h 

10 

1  .ivrcH 

a  Ducat       -     0 

<> 

^ 

-t 

Livrc-s 

aLouibd'Or       i 

0 

0 

!   I 


D:inklik,  St.  Omo'l    St.  QKhitlil,  c- 


A  Denier 
I.'.  Dealers 

1  ^  Denicrs 
15  S,,|s 

2  0  Sols 

7,  Livres 
1  \  I  ,ivrc5 
24  Livrcs 
joi  Livres 

P.iiii,  J.\ij)ii, 


A  Do  HUT 

j  Denicrs 
2  Lianli 
1  2  I  )eniers 
■  >  S-ls 
(vj  Sols 
6  1  .ivres 
10  Livrcs 
.-4  l-'Vics 


-     o 

*  Sol  -  •  o 
•a  Patanl  -  o 
•a  I'lette  -  o 
aLivieTournot'; 
all  I'".cu  ol  I'.x.  o 
a  Louis  d'Or  1 
a  (iuinea  -  1 
a  Moc.la      -      I 

MarfiUh-u   ^^.■. 
HfiM'jimc,  <jii . 


0  o 

o  o 

o  o 

o     7 

O  10 

2  6 

0  o 

1  o 

7     "^ 

Rnurdt.uiy, 


0 

o 

o 


?iyn^/  /o 

•AMaravedic 

2  Maravedies  an  Ocliavo 

4  Manvedies  a  Qiiaitil 

34  Maravedies'a  Kial  \ d.in     o 

"15  Kials  'a  1'iallrc-otK.x.o 

312  Maraveilics  a  Piallrc       -     o 

fto  Rials         'a  I'ilt.ilc  ofKx.o  14 

204S  Maravcdiesa  HilLileoi  F.x.  o  14 

70  R1.1I5  a  Hiil.le       -     o   16 


o,V» 
o  U 
2     i 
7 
7 
4 
4 
9 


biircduiia,  StirngoJJ'u,  rii/i;ii,iii,irc.  Ol.l  Plati . 


A  Maravcdie 
16  M.navcdies 
1  Soldos 

20  Soldos 
24  Soldos 
lb  Soldos 
22  Soldos 

21  Soldos 
60  Soldos 


-  o 
a  Soldo  -  o 
a  RialOldFi.ue 


'a  Libra 
•a  Ducat 
•a  Dollar 
'a  Ducal 
'a  Ducii 
a  I'lllole 


o 
o 
o 
.S 

6 
4 

i; 

lb 


3 
6 

7 
9 
I) 

i. 
10 


-     a     o      O  n  J 
.1  Liard         -000; 
a  Dardcnc    -     o     o     o      ;  * 
a  Sol       --000',' 

*al-ivre'rourn.Ms  o  10 
an  I'-cu  ot  Kx.  o  2  6 
an  Kcu         -     o      ?     o 

'a!'ilb>le  -084 
a  Lt'uis  d'Or     1     o     o 


1'  O  R    l    U  (i  A  L. 


'  A  Rc- 

10  Re/. 
20  Re/. 
;;  Vim  ins 
4   Telloons 
24  Vintins 
10  Telloons 
48  "i  el  loons 
64  Telloons 


Lljl'M,  Opwto,    t'".-. 

-  o 
a  Half  Vint  in  o 
a  Viiitin  -  o 
a  Telloon  -  o 
aCruladeofFxo 
a  New  Crulade  o 
"a  Miire  -  o 
a  M.ieda  -  1 
a   joanelc      -      1 


0 

0. 

0 

0 

0 

I 

0 

6 

, 

T 

8 

^ 

7 

1 

0 

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0 

MuhuU    C.uU:,  .Ve://.V,  bV-    ^r.c  Plate. 


U 


A  M.uaveJii 
.;   Maiavedl  ^ 

54  M.iravedies 

■  2  Rials 
8  Rials 

10  Rials 


a  Ouarlil 
.1  hTlal 
a  I'lti.irine 
•a  riliaieot'Fx.  o 
a  Dollar       -     o 


o 

o 
o 
o 


o  4 

,75  Maiavedies  *a  Ducat  ot  F\.  o  4 

;2"Rial.s              *a  I'lUoleot'Fx.  o  14 

■;6  Ruls                a  I'lllilc       -     o  lO 


o  I 

5 
10 

7 
6 

1 1 

4 

9 


G  E  N  O  A.      .V,,:/,  St.  Rmo,  C'c. 
C  O  R  S  1  C  A.     B.i/tKi,  ec. 


A  Dcnari 

- 

0 

0 

". 

12  Denari 

a  Soldi 

0 

0 

0 

4  S.ikli 

a  Clievalet  - 

0 

0 

1 

20  Solili 

•a  Lire- 

0 

0 

8 

;o  Soldi 

a  Tcltoon    - 

0 

1 

0 

5  '•'f'^"' 

a  Croiladc    • 

0 

3 

7 

1  15  So'iiii 

•a  I'cz/.o  of  I' 

.x.o 

4 

6  Telloons 

a  Cienouine 

0 

6 

> 

20  Ures 

a  Fillole       - 

0 

'4 

4 

I'lLDMO.NT,  SAVOY  and  SARDIXLV. 
Th  ill,  Chanibcryy,  Ciig'iiJii,  cTc. 


A  Denari 

- 

- 

0 

0 

0 

Ir 

;  Denari 

a  Q^iatrini    - 

0 

0 

0 

ir 

12  Denari 

a  Soldi 

- 

0 

0 

0 

i 

12  Soldi 

*a  Florin 

- 

0 

0 

0 

20  .S..ldi 

•a  Lire 

- 

0 

1 

6  Tlorins 

a  Scudi 

- 

0 

4 

0 

7  l-'lorins 

a  Ducatoon 

0 

•1 

.1 

i^  Li  res 

a  FidoL 

. 

0 

ift 

^ 

i"o  Lires 

a  Louis 

dOr 

1 

0 

0 

MHan,  ALili'im,   Purmn,    Paii 


A  Denari 


12  Denari 

a  Soldi         -     0 

0 

0 

20  Soldi 

*a  Lire           -     0 

0 

8 

1  1  ;;  Sokli 

a  Scudi  current  0 

4 

2 

1  1  7  Soldi 

*aScudiotFx.   0 

4 

6  Lires 

a  Philip        -     0 

4 

4 

22  Lires 

a  I'iliole       -     0 

16 

0 

23  Lires 

a  Spanilh  I'illole 

16 

y 

Leghorn,  Flvniitc,  £<fc 


A  Dei.ari 

-    .     - 

0     0 

0   'J- 

4  Dcnari 

a  Qiiairini    - 

0     0 

0  ii 

12  Denari 

a  Soldi 

0     0 

0       i    ■r 

:;  (>iiatriiu 

a  Craca 

0     0 

0       {J 

8  fracas 
2c  Soldi 

a  f^i'ilo 
*a  laic 

0     0 
0     0 

s    I- 

S     ! 

6  1  .ires 

a  I'ialtreofFx 

0     4 

7  ;  I  .ires      1 

a  Ducat 

0     .1 

,          r 

11  Lires 

a  I'iliole       - 

0    1, 

6 

R  0 

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«).W 


1     \  n  I,  F.      <-  1       COINS.  &c 


'I;      1?    ' 


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« 'fj     I 


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'  /.'                           /. 

» . 

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A  (^l.unni 

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0 

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A  IllVlK           •      0 

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M    H.lylK^ 

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0 

() 

1  J   H.UiK'. 

a  St,iui|)t  lulio  o 

0 

(> 

,;4  H.iViH.'i 

.1     Icllo.)!!      -       O 

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7 

1 0  julios 

aC'rowiiiurrtiit 

^ 

0 

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•a  Crownllampt 

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1  S   [iilioi 

a  C'luiiuiu    ■     o 

V 

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:i  Julh'-i 

.1  Till  .L-       -     0 

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0 

10 

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43 
100 


N  A  1'  I.  K  S. 

fi.j/cV.i,  C.iipi.i,    <■■''• 

A  ij^j.iiniii 
(j^i.itrini 

(  lr,llll^ 

nu.iirru 
( iraiii> 
drams 
( iralll'^ 
I'anns 
laniis 


a  drain 

a  farlm 

a  I'aulo 

a  Tariii 

a  Tollooii 

a  I'JtKat  ot  I'.x.  o 

a  I'llloli-       ■     o 

a  S[)an.  I'lllolc  i 


o 
o 
o 
o 
o 

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o 
o 
4 
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8 

4 
4 
4 
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SICILY 


r.iV'fvc,    Mfjhm,  ir'i. 


A  Piihil.i 

r>  I'lduli 

8  I'ichili 

10  drains 

2  0  (irams 

6  Tariiis 

13  Tarins 

()o  Carlins 

z  Ounces 


n  drain 

a  I'onii 

A  Carliii 

a  'I'arin 
*a  I'  lorin  of  Kx.  o 

a  Ducat  i)t'l';.\.  o 
*an  Ounci.'     -     o 

a  I'illolf       -     o 


o 

o 
o 
o 
o 
I 


A  Qiiatrini 
(■<  Oiiatrini         a  Ha\oi 
a  lulio 
♦a  Lire 


10  Rnucs 

20  Havocs 
;  julios 

S:;  liayocs 
105  Bav'HS 
100  Bavoci 

;!  julios 


A   I'Kuli 

1  2  I'icoli 
h\  SoK!i 
iS  Soldi 
20  Soldi 

I  24  Soldi   • 
24  fJros 
I :  l^ires 


a  Tclloon     - 
a  Suidi  ol  Kx. 
a  Dui-atixm 
a  Crown 
a  I'lftoio       - 

\'  !•:  N  1  c  1;. 


Soldi 

dpvi 

lulc 

Lire 

'rclloon 

Ducat  cilrront 

Ducat  ot  I'.x.  o 

C!ic(;;iin    -     0 


o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
I 


T  r  R  K   i;  Y. 

j\Lrr.i.   C.inJij,   ('.'\;')i/o,    c"V. 


A  M.iMf'Ar 

- 

0 

0 

0 

4  ^IaIn:a^^ 

*an  Alpcr 

0 

0 

0 

_?  A<'pe:i 

.T  i'anic 

0 

0 

1 

C,    Alp.TS 

a  H<((ic 

0 

0 

?. 

lb  Aijv.-rs 

an  ():1k: 

0 

0 

6 

20  Aij.ers 

a  S  ili'i.i 

0 

1 

0 

,So  Alj/ers 

•a  I'l.illre       - 

0 

4 

0 

ioc  Aljiers 

a  C'ara|;roui  h 

0 

^ 

0 

10  S'jlolas 

an  Xcriti' 

0 

10 

0 

M   A   1.    1    A 


o 
o 
o 
1 

() 

4 

8 


o 
o 
() 
o 
h 


'X 


A  R   A  B  1  i\ 

Mtiiiiia,  AA  ,1/,    ALJi 

'.  t' 

( . 

ffidi  to 

c- 

J, 

./. 

A  Carrct 

0 

0 

0 

5I  Carrcti          a  C.ivcir 

0 

0 

<•'', 

7  Carrel*           u  Comillii-t: 

0 

0 

0 

Ho  larrcts           a  L.iriii 

0 

0 

10 

1  S  Coiiialhces     ,ui  AIn  1) 

0 

1 

4 

()0  Comallico  'a  I'lathc 

0 

4 

ii 

So  Cavcers          a  Dollar 

0 

4 

() 

100  Colnallu•e^     a  Sii|uin 

0 

7 

i> 

So  Larinsi          *.\  1  oinoiul  - 

.5 

'/ 

0 

I'  1,  R  ;>  1  A. 


A  Co/. 

. 

0 

0 

0 

4  Civ. 

a  Hilh 

0 

0 

1 

to  Co/. 

a  Sliahce 

0 

0 

4 

2  0  Co/. 

a  .VliiiicHida 

0 

0 

8 

.  i  Co/. 

a  1  .arm 

0 

u 

10 

4  S!i  iliff? 

an  Aliallice 

0 

1 

4 

;  Abalhct 

ail  Or 

0 

(> 

8 

12  Alullui- 

a  HovelK)     - 

0 

1(1 

0 

; }  Ahallui.', 

*.i  Toinond    • 

.> 

0 

8 

(;  I  /  /.  I  R.  A  r. 


A  IV.  ka 

- 

- 

0 

0 

0 

2  I'eckas 

a  I'icc  ■ 

- 

0 

0 

0 

4  I'leces 

a  l-".uiam 

0 

I 

5  Pieces 

a  \u.      - 

0 

2 

!('  I'leciS 

an  Ana 

- 

0 

7 

4  Anas 

a  Ru|iee 

- 

2 

() 

2  Rupees 

an   Ijijililli 

Cr 

1 

0 

14  Alia-. 

a  l'ai;odi 

S 

') 

4  I'.ik^odas 

a  (j<ild  Ru 

lee 

1.^ 

1) 

B<,»il\i\,    Ddbitl,  i>-. 


'.XRudgrook                 •     0 

0 

'>." 

1 

2  Hudgioul 

s»a  Ree      -      0 

0 

0^ 

?^ 

s  Re/ 

a  Fiete     -     0 

0 

C) 

J  ? 

1'.  I'mcs 

a  1  ..ulv   -      0 

0 

.S 

> 

20  I'lfttk 

a  Qn.uter      0 

0 

6 

r 

240  Ri/ 

a  Xeiai'liimo 

I 

4 

r 

4  Quarters 

1  Rupee        0 

2 

3 

< 
<     ' 

14  Quaiters 

a  I'.ii  I'd.i      0 

S' 

n 

Oo  (garters 

adold Rupee  i 

I ; 

0 

< 

(;:.!, 

/  7/ .■;;•;(;■,     CV. 

•A  Re/. 

-      0 

0 

0 

1  . 

■4    T 

2   Re/. 

a  Ba/.araco    0 

0 

*->4 

-V 

20  Re/ 

a  \  intin       u 

0 

0 

..V 

4  N'liitins 

a  Larec  -     0 

0 

5 

> 

3  Larees 

a  Xerapliiin  0 

1 

4 

42  X'inlins 

a  'rani;u    -  u 

4 

b 

4  Taurus 

5  Tangus 

a  I'aru     -     0 
adoldRujiee  1 

'5 

C  C)   R  0  .M  A   .\    D   I.  L. 


MiuI'lIJ],      PuilJlJlCil^, 


< 


A  Calh 

. 

0 

0 

"  -.'- 

;   C.ilh 

a  \i/ 

0 

0 

<J    ■« 

2  \  1/ 

a  Piece 

0 

0 

"        6 

6  Pieces 

a  Pual 

0 

0 

i    : 

8  Pieces 

a  F-'.uiani 

0 

0 

."» 

10  I'aiiams 

a  Rupee 

0 

2 

(> 

2  RujK'es 

an  V'.wd,.  Crow  r 

0 

T 

u 

;f)  I'aiiaiiis 

a  Paoixla 

0 

8 

9 

.)  Pai^oJa-. 

a  dokl  Rup.'jc 

I 

1  , 

0 

BENGAL.                    1 

B  1  A 


.    M.J. 

/.  L',: 

C- 

i. 

7. 

■ 

o 

0 

o 

1 

I'l-r 

0 

0 

o\ 

1  , 
•1  . 

1  illuL- 

o 

o 

0 

,' 

II 

o 

o 

Id 

r 

HI, 

o 

1 

4 

I 

he 

o 

4 

(1 

l.U 

o 

4 

(» 

nil 

o 

ii 

lK)llll     - 

.? 

V 

0 

1  A. 


(.'  >'.'t';c;«,    CV. 


- 

0 

o 

o 

1 

o 

o 

1 

,'u-o       . 

0 

0 

4 

llli'iul.l 

0 

o 

8 

r.i 

o 

o 

1 J 

liallui- 

o 

1 

4 

r 

o 

() 

8 

Velio       ■ 

0 

I'l 

(> 

unoiil   - 

.5 

0 

8 

L'   R   A 

T. 

'"•■•■>. 


() 

o 

o  ; ; 

X  ■ 

U 

0 

o   Ii 

nam 

1) 

0 

I      ,' 

/. 

1) 

o 

-    i  ' 

n:i 

<) 

0 

7     1 

IJICC 

<) 

i 

() 

'Ji;;lilh 

tJ 

1) 

1 

1) 

i'xl.l 

() 

8 

>) 

.Id  Ru 

K'C 

1 

1 5 

II 

D.i:;</,    i-- 


,  Rix-      -  <. 

PlLH.-       -  O 

I„iri,i-   -  (I 

fj^iirlt-r  o 
X'ti.ij'liiino 

Riipet-  o 

I'.ir-Ja  n 


A   N    I)   I.   1.. 


loldRupii-  II;     o 


ij.i;v<r. 


-       0 

o 

0 

4    T 

B.i.'.araco    o 

(1 

u^ 

-'^ 

\iiitin        o 

() 

() 

r  5 

I. arte   -     o 

<) 

> 

". 

Xtrapliiiii  u 

1 

4 

laiiLij    -   <.! 

4 

6 

I'aru     -      u 

i8 

(J 

loURujJCc  i 

'3 

u 

- 

n 

o 

"  v' 

j; 

I) 

o 

U    1 

cc 

( 1 

o 

o 

.ll 

- 

o 

1) 

i 

i.im 

- 

o 

(> 

1  )Cl" 

n 

z 

6 

.-■i^.e 

luu  n 

0 

•I 

o 

''«la 

() 

8 

9 

!d  R 

upci- 

1      1    ,        CI 

BENGAL 

T  A  HI,  V.    ■■.F    (    O  I  N  S,     ki-. 


9:'] 


f'^ 


< 


< 

U-i 


A  Piece 

4  I'l'i  CN 

(.  I'llCM 

I  •   Vh\  IS 

to  An:»s 

1^1  Ann 

2    Rll|H(.'* 

i  Rilli:(.s 
l_56  Aii.15 


n  V.  N  U  A  I.. 

Cii'.uul,  C.i,\iiil.i,  (Jc. 
cquu!  to 


a  I'an.im 

u  \\/.     - 

an  Am 

a  l''i  mo 

a  Itiiiif'.' 

a  I'rciicli  Ecu  o 

an  I'.n^.Ciown  o 

a  1'.  ;;Oi|:l    -     o 

S  1  A  M. 


d. 

0 

o 
o 

6 
(i 
o 
o 
9 


M  I)  R  ()  C  C  O. 


7',_g,v,  M,:!,uc,i,    dmhodia,    Sumatra,    J.Hi 
Borneo,  ijc. 


< 
■J 

< 


S.i>itiiCnit,Mi'.jiiiii(z,l'\:,Ttinjiiers,S,ilUt,i''(. 

A  r  iiKc  .     -     o 

;.).  I'likcs  a  Blann'iil  o 

4  ll'ani|uil<  ar\  Ouiihc   o 

7  Bliuijuilj  an  (Vtavo  o 

14  Bl  iiii|uih  a  (ji^iarto     o 

2  Qi^iirtos  a  M.ilio 

48  Bl..ni|uiU  a  Dollar 

j.V  BliiujuiU  n  XtciiMii 

100  BLiimuiK  a  I'lllolc 


1. 
o 
o 
o 

1 

4 

4 

9 

16 


o 
3 
8 

a 

4 
S 
h 
6 

9 


A  C  jri 
iJr)-.  Cori 
li;  IVrtccs 

//iO  I't'ttCCS 

5  o  Fott'-'cs 
(,00  I'VttJCs 
2  TnaK 
4  S  pocds 
U  ij.ittk'crs 


a  Fcitco 
a  Saialccr    - 
a  Sdco 
a  Tui.il 
a  Dollar      - 
a  Ri.il 
an  lu  u 
a  Crow  II 

CHINA. 


o 
i> 

I) 

o 
O 


Ptkin,  Canton,  iJr. 
A  Cava 
10  Ci\i 

10  Caiulancns 


^;  CuulariCiis 

1  RllpLfi 

70  Caii'lircciis 
7  Man  . 

2  RiiiKcs 
10  Mitts 


a  Caiularttn 
a  Mate 
a  Riipc.' 
a  Dollar      - 
a  Rix-doliar 
an  lieu 
a  Crown 
'  a  Talf 

J   A  r  A  iV. 


o 

o 
o 


o 
o 

0 

2 
4 
4 
5 
5 


APlti 

2-3  I'm-. 

15  Mius 

20  Mates 

_^o  Macfs 

13  Onnte''  ^ilv. 
2  ( 'mil  C--  (iokl 
^   l.ip.imte-- 

1.  1    OutK;.^  (JoUl 


-  o 
a  Mate  -  o 
an  Oun.  Silver  o 
a  Tale  -  o 
an  Iiijjot  -  o 
an  Oiin.  field  ; 
a  lapantlc  6 
a  Double  -  1 2 
•aCaitec      -   66 


(1 
() 
o 
o 
o 


o 
o 
8 
6 
6 

4 
o 
o 
S 


o 

4 
10 
8 
8 
o 
o 
o 
o 


Ed  Y  V  T. 

OL!  tiihl  New  Ciiiro,  Alexandria,  Sayde,  i-c. 


An  Al'ptr 

0 

0 

0 

;  Alpcrs 

a  Mcdin      -     0 

0 

•      J 

?.y  Meilins 

an  Ital.  Due.    0 

4 

80  Alpcrs 

*a  I'lallrr      -     0 

4 

0 

•;o  Mrdiiis 

a  Dollar      -     0 

4 

h 

9')  Ai'p.rs 

an  I'.ai        -     0 

5 

0 

;i  McdiHS 

a  Crown      -     0 

5 

0 

200  Alpers 

a  SLiltanm   -     0 

10 

0 

70  Mt'lius 

a  I'aigo  Dol.    0 

10 

6 

n 

A   R  B  A  R  Y. 

Aliin-i, 

1\<nis,  iripuii,  Una, 

c-V. 

An  Alpei 

0 

0 

0 

y  Alper^ 

a  Mcilin     -      0 

0 

I      ' 

10  Al'ivrs 

a  Rul  old  Plate 

0 

6    : 

2  Rial. 

a  Douiiie    -     0 

I 

1    '. 

^  1) 'iihlf) 

a  Dollar      -     0 

4 

() 

24  Mcdiiis 

aSilv.ChiHiuin 

,^ 

4 

;o  Mcdins 

a  1  dollar      -     0 

4 

1) 

itio  Alpcrs 

a  /iquin     -    0 

8 

iO 

1^  Dinlilcs 

aPKL'le     •    0 

16 

<.) 

No.  8/. 

1",  N  G  L  1  S  H. 

Jiimaica,  BartaJccs,  L''c. 


•Hilt'p-nny 

. 

0 

0 

0. 

VV 

2  H.-iltpeUte 

»a  Penny 

0 

0 

0 

:^ 

7  V   P'iltC 

a  Bii      - 

0 

0 

•y 

1 1  Pcntc 

•a  .Sliilling 

0 

0 

8 

1  1 
1  tr 

7,S  I'nce 

a  D  .liar 

0 

4 

h 

7  Sli.llings 

.1  Cro.vn 

0 

5 

0 

20  '^lnlli:i;js 

'a  I'oiind 

0 

14 

3 

•4  M„llin;j3 

a  Pillole 

0 

16 

9 

;o  SliiUings 

a  Guinea 

1 

1 

0 

FRENCH. 

St.  Dcwingo,  Martmico, 


-  A  I  lalt  S  ,1 

. 

0 

0 

0" 

.1 

2  H  ih  Sols 

*aSol 

0 

0 

O'r 

;. 

7'.  Sol'. 

aHalfScalin 

0 

3 

1    1 

t  f » 

I  ;  Sols 

a  Svaliii 

0 

0 

5 

? 

20  Sols 

•a  Lvre 

0 

0 

7 

-/f 

7  Livres 

a  Dollar 

0 

4 

u 

8  Livres 

an  Fa  u 

0 

4 

10 

1 

ih  Livres 

a  Pillole 

0 

iC 

9 

,■2  Livivs 

aLouisd'Or 

I 

0 

0 

E  N  G  L  I  S  H. 

Nova  Sio/ia,  New  England,  Virginia,  L~'c. 

*  A  Penny  -  001 
1 2  Pirice  'a  Shilling  o  1  o 
20  Sliill  ni;s            'a  IV.uiiJ      100 

2  Poiinus 
J  I'oimkIs 

4  Pounds 

5  Pounds 

6  I'ounds 

7  Pounds 

8  I'oundb 

9  Pounds 
10  Pounds 

The  Value  of  the  Currency  alters  accor- 
ding to  the  Plenty  or  Scarcity  ot  Gold  and 
Silver  Coins  that  are  iuiported. 

Canada,  Florida,  Cayena,  <j:c. 

*  A  Denier 

1  2  Dcnicrs  ''  a  Sol 

20  Sols  '  a  Livre 

2  Livres 

5  Livrc- 

4  Livres 

_;  Livres 

(>  Livres 

7  Livres 

8  Livres 

9  Li\rcs 
I  o  Li\  res 

The  vaiiic  of  the  Currency  alters  aceor- 
dir.g  to  tlie  Plenty  urScarciiy  ol  Gold  and 
Silver  Coins  that  are  inipau<d. 

Note.     For  all   tl;e  Spaitijli,    Portiiguefc, 
Dutch,  and  Dani/iJ  Dominic.;..,  either  on  the 
Continent  or  in  the  Wi'.st  Inihev,   fee  the 
Monies  of  the  rtlpee^ive  Nations. 
u  1  AM'  W 


.  I 


f     054     1 
A 


'^'■J 


n/.  I 


m 


V.r 


iiiX^'l 


!  3 


NEW   GEOGRAPHICAL  TABLE, 

From  tih,  MINUTEST  015SERVAT10N, 


C  O  N  T  A  I  N  I  N  CJ     THE 


Names  and  Situations  of  the  chief  Cities,  Towns,  Seas,  Ciilphs,   Bays,  Strcights, 
Capes,  and  other  remarkable  Phiees  in  the  know  n  .World ; 


u   I  T  H 


THEIR    RESl'ECTIVE    LATITUDES    AND    LONGITUDES. 


'(  i 


lawns. 

rnv.mes. 

Countries. 

Slttarttrs. 

Latitude. 

I.o»zitude. 

A 

D 

.     M. 

D. 

M. 

A    Be  ale.  11, 

Al^crdi^.-cndiirc, 

Sco'land, 

Europe 

57 

11  N. 

1 

2T   W 

J^\^  Acauulco 

,  Mexico, 

Notih 

America 

17 

10  N. 

101 

40  W 

Adiiatii  S.a,  or 

Gulphot  Venice,  between 

Iralv  and  Tui 

key,  Europe,'Mcditerranc.an  Sea. 

Adrianoplc 

Romania, 

Turkey, 

Europe 

4Z 

CO  N. 

ar. 

.10   F, 

Agra, 

Ai;ra, 

Ea(l  India, 

Alia 

26 

4.  N. 

7<S 

30    E 

Air, 

Aiilhu'c, 

Scotland 

Eurujie 

5.> 

JO  N. 

4 

3?W. 

Alcj)jio, 

Syria, 

Turkey, 

Alia 

.^5 

42  N. 

57 

z4    1- 

Alexaiulria, 

I-mvci   Egypt, 

Turkey 

A'Viea 

.5' 

10  N. 

50 

■  9   E 

Albany. 

New- York, 

North 

America 

4-i 

4S  N. 

/  5 

;o  VV 

Al.GIFRS, 

Algiers, 

Barharv, 

Afriia 

_;6 

50  N. 

3 

16    E 

Amhoyna. 

Ani'ioyna  I  fie, 

I- Ail  India, 

Afia 

4 

i;    S. 

•■^7 

25    1, 

AMSTF.il  DAM, 

Holland, 

Neiherlandi, 

Europe 

52 

..,  N. 

5 

04  !•; 

Annapolis, 

Nova-Scotia, 

North 

America 

4.i 

00  N. 

64 

00  w 

Ann.ap  ais, 

Maryland, 

North 

America 

it 

vo  N. 

7'' 

;o  \V. 

Antii'tli, 

Syria, 

Turkey, 

Alia 

.-<> 

;o  N. 

5- 

46    E. 

Antwerp, 

B'r.iliant, 

Netiierlands, 

Europe 

S' 

.;  N. 

4 

.9    E. 

Ari.lii[x!a^^o, 

Klaiids  ot 

Ci  recce 

Europe,  Mediterranean  Sea. 

Artliuiigei, 

D'Miia, 

Kullia, 

Europe 

64 

ro  N. 

to 

30    E. 

Ailraean, 

Aiii.iv.an, 

Rullia. 

Alii 

47 

00  N. 

5^ 

00   E. 

Athens, 

Aeluiia, 

Turkey, 

Europe 

.^7 

5S  N. 

24 

C5    E. 

Atlantic  Oecan, 

leparaies 

Eur  .pe,  AG  a 

antl  Atri.a  Irutii  Ann 

rica. 

AVA, 

B 

fJ.'vYoiBiiLa;. 

Ava, 

E.ill  India, 

Afia 

10 

10  N. 

05 

.;q   E. 

.Call  ol 

Tranrc, 

Europe, 

At 

antic  f.)c 

an. 

1^ —  ot  Bung 

Coal  of 

India, 

Alia, 

Jl.C 

lian  Ocean. 

Balin;  Sti, 

between 

Ci.rin.andSw 

:den  I'.urope, 

Atlantic  tX 

ean. 

Baklivia, 

Chill, 

South 

America 

;^y 

;^    S. 

£1 

10  \V. 

'%x. 

Svria, 

Turkey, 

Afia 

.^j 

40  N. 

1 .. 

00    E. 

Barctltina, 

Catal  'Ilia, 

S|)ain, 

Eun.jK 

4i 

a6  N. 

.; 

iS    E. 

B..lii:i, 

Corliia  If!/, 

Iialy, 

I'iuropc 

*>- 

i.j  N. 

9 

40    E. 

Bath. 

Sfjiiuiieilliiir, 

(•:ngla:.d. 

Eurup' 

.S' 

27  N, 

z 

3  .  W. 

B;-',clat, 

Evraia  Arabia, 

Tuike\, 

Alia 

^■»,') 

40  N. 

4? 

00    E. 

P    ibr.i. 

l^yraia  Arabia, 

Tiakcv, 

Alia 

.5° 

4;  N. 

4" 

oj    E. 

Bapavia, 

1  iva  Hie, 

V.iW  India, 

Alia 

6 

CO     S. 

lu;- 

00    E. 

Ba/.ii., 

Ba/il, 

Swit/.cilaiul, 

Europe 

47 

40  N. 

7 

40    E. 

B.lf':i, 

lllLr. 

Ireland, 

I'.urojK' 

•;4 

i9  ^'• 

f) 

50  \V. 

Bender, 

Bvllarabia, 

Turkey, 

I'.uiopc 

4'' 

4.  N. 

29 

00    ]•■. 

Bl RGLN, 

Bemen, 

Norway, 

Euiopi- 

to 

10  .N. 

5 

40    E. 

Beklin, 

B'aiuienluivg, 

C  lei  ma..; , 

iMMupe 

^i 

i]  N- 

1  \ 

V-    E. 

Bcin, 

H  in, 

S\\  iizerlaiiil, 

I'.iiropc 

47 

.,0  N. 

1 

-•u    l'-. 

Bti'ui',  ii. 

B  i\v'n.k, 

Siodand, 

l'.uro|pe 

55 

4S  N. 

I 

45  W. 

Bi-I^radi-, 

Scrv  1.1, 

Turkey, 

J'lurope 

45 

CO  N. 

■/I 

'J.O    v.. 

B.nCKolcn, 

Su:i.aira  Klc, 

Ealt  India, 

Aija 

i 

.?5    S. 

101 

00    1'.. 

Bilioa, 

BiKay, 

Span, 

Euroj.e 

4J 

.1'.  N. 

.1 

iS  \V. 

Biiii.i:ii;lua., 

W'arwicklhu'c, 

1:. upland. 

I',  mope 

5^ 

30  N. 

1 

.,0  W. 

B  .iiiliay, 

B  'inbay  Hie, 

Eill  India, 

Aha 

'y 

oj  N. 

7' 

50   '•■• 

B'lkUari.i, 

Lllbcc 

laiiary, 

Ali4 

-H 

,5  N. 

('1 

B;U 

on     V. 

deaux. 

GROfiR  APHICAL    TABLE,    &c. 


953 


^ABLE, 

ION, 


is,   Bays,  Strclghrs, 
Vol  Id ; 


ITUDES. 


Towns. 


PiOviiUiS. 


Cownriiii, 


Q'M.'/fry. 


|5our(|(:uix. 

(iiii.  line, 

Franco, 

F.urojii; 

Hi)!"nju;j,liili 

)llll'jl'-, 

l.mliilii;')',vlliiiv, 

Siotlaiul, 

]'iuro])e 

Bolton', 

l.imolnlliiii.', 

r^ngiaml, 

Kuropc 

HOSION, 

M.UiaLiiuk-is, 

New  ]'',ngland, 

America 

Jirala,. 

Krali.int, 

W'thcrhuuN, 

I'^oro|)c 

Bix-il, 

liivi.uiy. 

I'rancc, 

]'luro[)e 

Hniiioii, 

I  o'Axr  S.ixonv, 

( li.Tiiiain', 

Kuro|3e 

Rrkslai', 

SiLli.i, 

Bolicmia, 

J%uro|)e 

liiillol, 

S>)ni.rli.'i(hiiv, 

Fni;lan(i, 

I'airope 

nrililli  SlM 

Ik'I'aci.':i 

Brit,  and  (iorin. 

Iuuuj)C 

Bi:ii.k,  or  1 

'.:\i:u: 

Sui, 

"rurlvcv  in 

F.uro[.v  Mill 

Alia 

Bkissi.i  5, 

liiab.uit, 

NctliLTlands, 

h'-uropc 

Bni-cs, 

I'lamaTs, 

NotlK-rlands 

I'.urojic 

Biu'iiAick, 

1  ,o',\  lt  S.ixon\ , 

( 'cDiiany, 

Faropc 

Buu. 

V 

I.o.vcr, 

1  liin;;ary, 

Furopj 

Bi;ti.iN(;  ros, 

Jcik-y, 

Nortii 

America 

BfENOS  A 

V  p.  1  S, 

La  I'iata, 

S.iutli 

America 

LiUitHilc. 

Loi 

7ilude. 

D. 

iVl. 

\). 

M. 

44 

SO  N 

00 

S8  U. 

59 

48  N. 

3 

44  w. 

53 

la  N. 

00 

z3  !•:. 

JZ 

20  N. 

70 

40  w. 

5' 

40  N. 

4 

40   K. 

48 

2?  N. 

4 

.3  w. 

53 

2S  N. 

8 

20    E. 

5' 

.5   N. 

16 

50   E. 

5' 

33  N, 

2 

40  W. 

Atlantic  Ocean. 

50 

;o  N. 

4 

06   E. 

5' 

\(,  N. 

3 

OS  t:. 

5^ 

^0  N. 

10 

3°  I'"- 

47 

40  N. 

'9 

-zo    E. 

40 

08  N. 

75 

00   E. 

34 

35    ^- 

57 

54  W. 

,'ituile. 

l.oM^ituJe. 

M. 

D. 

NL 

22    N. 

I 

20  W 

10  N. 

101 

40  \V 

CO  N. 

ar. 

30   F 

42  N. 

76 

30    l-. 

JO  N. 

4 

35  ^v 

42  N. 

37 

24  1-, 

10  N. 

30 

■  9   K 

4S  N. 

;  .■» 

;o  W 

5"  N. 

16    K 

Z-,    S. 

'-7 

25    1, 

.^  N. 

5 

o.^  !■; 

00  N. 

64 

CO  W 

00  N. 

7^' 

;o  \V 

;o  N. 

1 , 

4',    l'-. 

I.;  N. 

4 

29    E 

vo  N. 

to 

3-T    E 

00  N. 

5- 

00    K 

S8  N. 

24 

cs    E 

20  N. 


05     .;o 


;^  !^. 

£1 

loW 

40  N. 

37 

00   K 

26   N. 

2 

■  8    E 

^.,  K. 

9 

40  !•; 

■27  N. 

t 

32  w 

40  N. 

4? 

00    E 

45  N. 

4" 

oj    K 

CO    S. 

1U-; 

0)  I-: 

40  N. 

7 

40    \: 

39  ^> 

0 

30  W 

40  N. 

29 

00    ]•' 

10  N. 

5 

40    I-. 

3  3  N- 

•3 

^2     I-. 

,.;    N. 

7 

20    I- 

48  N. 

1 

45  W 

CO  N. 

21 

20    l', 

S^  s. 

101 

00    1''^ 

2'>   N. 

.1 

1  s  \S' 

30  N. 

.\o  \V 

oj  N. 

7' 

30    '•; 

15  N. 

<^7 

00   E 

BouiJcaux 

/^AIRO, 

F.ower 

I''?:pf. 

Africa 

\^  Cajiluri. 

Sardinia, 

Jtalv, 

I'airopc 

C'aciiao, 

'l'oni]uin. 

i'.ali  India, 

Alia 

Calais, 

I'lcardv. 

1-  i.mce. 

luirope 

Ci'.nliletown, 

Ari;ylelli:e, 

S.otland, 

Furo[)c 

C":i!ul)rHli;,e, 

Camlirid;;i:lliire, 

Fngiand, 

i'.uroiic 

C.idi/., 

Antlalulia, 

Sj-ain, 

I'^uropc 

Caiciill.i, 

Bengal, 

L.il  India, 

Alia 

Canierlmr;-, 

Keiil, 

I''.nu,lain.l, 

1  Europe 

C'andia, 

Candy  Wland, 

Tiirke\', 

Alia 

Can  roN, 

Canton, 

China, 

Alia 

Ca.mh<,ui  \, 

Siam, 

l-ait  India, 

Alia 

CarlilK-, 

Cur.ibcrlanil, 

i'.nnland, 

I'.uropc 

Catli;ij!.eruins, 

lunis. 

Barhary, 

Africa 

Car  riiAcKSA, 

Terra  Firma, 

South 

America 

Carilig.ui, 

Cardi'_^anlluie, 

Wales, 

l-airopc 

Candy, 

Ceylone  llles, 

I'.all  India, 

/Vlia 

Cal|)iaii  .Jea, 

IvufTian 

'I'artary, 

Alia 

Caliel, 

Helle  CalKI, 

(iermany, 

Europe 

Ca|K;  Clear, 

Ci)rk, 

Ireland, 

Europe 

iMiiiilcrre, 

(I'alicia, 

Spain, 

J'',urope 

\'iiuent. 

Ali;,rave, 

I'ormual, 

I'.urope 

Veid, 

Nei^roland, 

Africa 

1)1     (  iootl 

Hope. 

Hottentots 

Catfraria, 

Africa 

Comorin. 

Hither  India, 

Moi^ul  Empire, 

Alia 

I'iorida, 

Ivill  Florida, 

North 

j^merica 

Horn, 

Del-F'jego  llle. 

South 

America 

Catle(;.ite  Sea, 

hetwien 

Swed.  and  Denm 

I'airope 

Ceula 

Fe/.. 

Morocct), 

At.lca 

C:he(lcr, 

Clii  Ihiro, 

Ltit^land, 

I'ain.pe 

Cii  ^Ri.Ks  Town- 

,  South  Carolina, 

Norih 

America 

C.vita  Vecdii  I, 

I'opeNTerritorie 

N Italy, 

l'",urope 

Corr.N  ii  A(i  LN, 

Zealand  llle. 

Denmark, 

I'Airope 

Cork, 

Munller, 

Ireland, 

i'lumpe 

Coventry, 

W'arwicklhire, 

F.ny,laiKl, 

Europe 

Const  AN  1 iso- 

IM.I-, 

Romania, 

Turkey, 

lairope 

Coiillapce, 

Swahia, 

( iermany, 

l-'.urope 

Corinth, 

Morea. 

Turkey, 

I'Airopc 

Ciaco, 

Little  I'-Iand. 

Poland, 

FiiMpe 

Cuialloit, 

Curali'.iu  llle, 

Well  India, 

America 

Clilco, 

IVru, 

South 

'\.iierica 

D 

DAmali'us 
Daiu/ic, 
1)1.-1, 
l)i.i.i.\ , 
Delll, 
Derln-nl, 

iXrbv. 
IX'try, 

JlieU, 

Djver, 


Ssria, 

Turkev, 

Alia 

r.)iiih  I'iullia, 

I'olar.d, 

I'.uroiif 

M.'n.>al, 

lvi!t  India, 

Alia 

Dein, 

Fall  India, 

Aha 

Holland, 

Neiherland'.. 

l.ui-o[)e 

i;ai;illan. 

IVrlia, 

Alia 

Derlnlliiic, 

l''.ni;land. 

l''.iirope 

I  liter. 

Irelan  1, 

Furope 

Malabar, 

Fall  India, 

Aha 

Kent, 

Eii!^,!and, 

Europe 

30 

00  N. 

32 

00   V,. 

39 

25  N. 

9 

38    K. 

21 

30  N. 

'°5 

00    E. 

5° 

58  N. 

1 

54    F. 

55 

30  N. 

5 

40   E. 

5^ 

15  N. 

00 

05    K- 

3^ 

33  N. 

b 

01  W. 

■2.1 

00  N. 

S7 

00   I'^. 

5" 

16  N. 

1 

.5    E- 

.-1.1 

19  N. 

^5 

23   E. 

23 

14  N. 

"3 

06   E. 

13 

30  N. 

'05 

00   E. 

54 

47  N. 

2 

35  W. 

36 

30  N. 

9 

00   E. 

10 

28  N. 

77 

00  W. 

5^ 

10  N. 

4 

38  w. 

7 

54  N. 

79 

00    E. 

.51 

20  N. 

9 

20   E. 

5' 

10  N. 

9 

40  \\. 

43 

12  N. 

10 

OS  \V. 

3^ 

53  N- 

9 

c(>  W. 

'4 

43  N. 

•7 

20  W. 

34 

07    S. 

19 

33      '"• 

7 

so  N. 

77 

30    F. 

24 

\l  N. 

80 

50  W. 

56 

35    S. 

79 

55  W. 

Atlantic  Ocean 

35 

4  N. 

6 

30  W. 

53 

IS  N. 

1 

CO  W. 

45   i"^'- 

79 

1 2  ^v. 

4^ 

05  N- 

12 

30    F. 

55 

4*1    N. 

12 

SO    F. 

51 

49  N. 

8 

40  \V. 

52 

2.S  N. 

I 

25  W. 

4' 

00  N. 

28 

56   E. 

47 

37  N- 

9 

12   E. 

37 

50  N. 

-.> 

00  E. 

50 

00  N. 

»') 

30  I.;. 

1 1 

S6  N. 

68 

20  w 

1  2 

'■i\    s. 

70 

00  w 

^  > 

1  ,     iN. 

3  7 

20  E 

^4 

22     N. 

iS 

30   ^■ 

;o   N 

89 

10  E 

21) 

00  N. 

7" 

30   F 

S2 

cO  N. 

4 

05    F 

4' 

40  N. 

53 

30  !■: 

ii 

S8  N. 

I 

?o  \V 

S4 

S2  N. 

7 

+0  ^v 

2  1 

37   N- 

69 

3^^  I-; 

5' 

08  N. 

> 

2S     F 

])KLSl.'t^ 


f)>f 


Toxin. 


Dundoi.", 

I)urh:iiu, 

Du'.nliartoii. 

])unkirk, 

Dai'.b.ir, 

Duintru'S 


GKOClRAriilC  Ai-     TABLF, 

Provi-uvs.  CoHKtru-f.  Qiuiucn. 


kc 


?.\Xiniv. 

(itT'ii.iiiy, 

I'.uropc 

I'urtar, 

Stoihuul, 

I'.umiic 

Lei  11 1 1 1.' r, 

livlaiul. 

luiropc 
I'.uropc 

Diirliani, 

Kns;l:uul. 

Dumbaiioiuhiiv. 

SlMtl.ilul, 

I'Airoiv 

I'"!:uiiii'i>, 

Ni.iluii.mii'', 

V'.uio'pe 
I'.iiropc 
KuroiJC 

H.uKliht^tOlK 

Scoihiml. 

Diiinlrif'.niiiv, 

Lkotl.liiil, 

Xclii.h  Chan.  bct\\\.'cn 

N'.uolii. 
Lir;n!Hr.|;lilluiv, 
rrulfui, 
1,0'Ai'r 

C'll.ltl    of 

D^voiilhiK. 


I'IdIN  lU   iU  !1. 

Klbiiu^, 
Liiibdcii, 
Vlthiopi.'.ii  Sj.i. 
LxLicr, 


'I'urkcv,  '^"' 

Souhind,  I'.nrope 

I'ohuKl,  Kumpu 

<  u rniain,  '-"''"i"-' 

(uniuM,'  ^f''^'-^ 

Kn^-,l.ind,  ''^"'■'pe 


LiUittidc. 

I.O'icitiiife. 

D.     M. 

I). 

M. 

j 1     oo  N . 

'3 

36  K. 

56       2()    N. 

I 

48  W. 

^j     20  N. 

6 

i8\V. 

S4     4«  N 

I 

25  W. 

y>    .54  N. 

4 

20  w. 

HI      00  N. 

2 

20    K. 

5.5     58  N. 

i5 

2^\V. 

,5.5     08   N. 

3 

23  w. 

Aikintic  Ocean. 

38     01 

v. 

27 

5^  K. 

55     5« 

N. 

.^ 

GOW. 

54     '5 

N. 

20 

00  W. 

5  3     *^  .^ 

N. 

7 

10    II. 

Ailintic  Ocean. 

50     44 

N. 

3 

30  \V 

-lit :! 


I'^Alkirk, 
^       l-'.liiUOUtil, 

tc/.. 
Fcrrol, 

Fl.ORf.NCK, 

Foil  St.  D.iviJ, 
C 


Snrli:i|i, 
t'"in\vall. 

F.7., 

Ciallcia, 
Tiilcanv. 

Caroiuandcl, 


,'^cinhiiu!. 

I'.ll^l.iiul, 

Morocco, 
Spain, 
Italv, 
£.iK- India, 


F.u'opc 

I'.i.ropc 

A/rica 

I.uropc 

i-'uropc 

Ana 


r~^  I'.nrva. 

fifncva. 

Switzerkind, 

F.iiriipt' 

VJT   *-'r.  so.\. 

( icnoii. 

Ji.ilv, 

l-'.uropc 

(ilu-;it, 

1-  hinders, 

Netherkand'-, 

l-.uro])c 

Cubrahar, 

Andalulia, 

Sijain, 

I'.uroj)e 

t.I.il;2;>w, 

Lanerklhn-e, 

Scotkaiu!. 

F.urope 

(  iIouccIKt, 

Clouc.llerlliue, 

Knukmd, 

I'.iiropc 

(.ioa. 

Malabar, 

Faft  India, 

Alia 

(jonibr  on. 

Fariiil.m, 

I'erl.a. 

Alia 

CjottcnliuriJ,, 

(lotlil.md. 

Sweden, 

Ian  ope 

f  irccnoi-k. 

Rentrewiliire, 

Scotland, 

I'Airope 

( iuanu 

1  .;uhoni-  UK', 

Fall  India, 

Alia 

(iuljih  ot  Ho! '\iiia 

Coall  oi 

Sweden, 

F'.urope, 

Finkmd, 

be  1.  ween 

Sweden  and  Rui. 

I'.urope, 

Vi-niic, 

bjtwcen 

Iialy  and  'Fiirkey, 

FuroiK-, 

O.rni'.!', 

b.'tween 

l\rlia  ami  Arabia 

Alia, 

Pcrlia, 

liet'.vteM 

IVnia  and  .Arabia 

Ana, 

; Si.  1  ..I'.vr. 

C'Ult  of 

New  Scotland, 

North  .■\nurica. 

California, 

belue.n 

Calit.  and  Memo, North  America, 

.\U\ico, 

Coatl  ul 

Mexico, 

North  America, 

55 

;S  N'. 

3 

4SW 

5° 

10   N. 

5 

20  w 

.53 

30   N. 

6 

00  \v 

43 

■30  N. 

S 

40  w 

43 

30  N. 

1  2 

1;    K 

1 2 

0;   N. 

80 

55  !•: 

46 

44 

5' 
3^ 

.Si 

5' 
<5 

'7 
5« 
.';5 
J  4 


20  N. 
2;  N. 
00  N. 
00  N. 
30  N. 
05  N . 
3,  N. 
30  N. 
00  N. 
52  N. 
00  N. 


Bahu  Sea. 
BaUii  Sea. 
Mediterranean  Sei. 
Inih.in  Oce.m. 
Indian  (Icean. 
Atkmti'-  Oieai). 
Facilic  Ocean. 
AtioJUic  Ocean. 


6 
9 
3 
0 

4 

2 

74 

5/ 
1 1 

4 
140 


00  v.. 
00  v.. 

36    K. 

00  \V. 

05  w. 

i(>\V. 
20  F. 
21;  F. 
30  F. 
22  W. 
30   E. 


II 


li  V 


'mi  ii  ^ 


:.  1 


;1i :   ■ '! 


T  TA-iih. 

Ilo'.kmd, 

Netherlands, 

[■■.uropo 

i_J.  ll.ina.uivl 

,  Floiikin, 

fierinaiiy. 

F.urope 

ileilel'poat, 

Med.  and  B!.  .Sea. 

Furope  and 

Alia 

llahiax. 

V  or  kiln  re. 

F.n;2,land, 

Fiirope 

H  .^  1. 1 1  \  X , 

Nova  Seoti.i, 

North 

America 

11.1:1.  ver. 

Saxoiiv , 

f  lernimv. 

Furope 

Hav.;nnah, 

Cuba,' 

lllaiid,   ■ 

Amerua 

Haerlem, 

Floikiii.!, 

Neilieriand-, 

F.uro].e 

Hiighlv, 

B.iual, 

Fall  India, 

Alia 

1  It  IVluKi, 

Flereloidlliire, 

F'.ngiand, 

Fan  ope 

Huil, 

York  111  ire, 

Fnj>land, 

Furope 

Hudlon'..  Bo-, 

I 

TS.h.,.., 

\     Oi   Uvl, 

Co.il!  ot 

Faljt.idor 

Ni'tth  A 

JoiuK 

Atr;i  a  tu 

Aha 

■  -  --■  Co:-intll, 

Joill;  li.e  .Moll. I  to  (  ileeie, 

Furope 

r.iiam.i, 

jonr-. 

North  and  Siaith 

Aiiietua 

.M  J.ac'-.i, 

loins  .\1  i',.n...v  tu 

I'urlher  Indi.i, 

Alia 

J.    ,1.0, 

lapan  111. , 

Flit  India, 

Alia 

Jl  li  V>  \t  KM, 

Vaieltme. 

Turkey, 

Aha 

Indi.ji  ( )  can, 

Colli   Vi 

India, 

Alia 

F'u'ernt  1-, 

IhVirni-elhnc, 

ScotLind, 

Juiri.ipe 

InlhS,;, 

bel.veen 

G.  Brit,  .viid  Ire! 

F.  I  nope 

F  I'  \  11  ,\ :,, 

Iric  A",ein, 

P.  riia, 

Alia 

i\  ..., 

Ivica  llle, 

lulv, 

F.iUwpc 

Nutti. 


5- 

1 0 

N 

4 

00   F, 

33 

4' 

N. 

y 

40   F 

^} 

45 

N. 

I 

;i\V 

44 

40 

N. 

^5 

.3\V 

5  " 

3^ 

N. 

9 

;;    F 

^3 

00 

N. 

84 

00  W 

_^  - 

20 

N. 

4 

10   F 

2  I 

4^ 

N 

f>7 

;;    F 

^  - 

en 

N 

^ 

■;8  W 

\-\ 

45 

N. 

0 

■12U 

Oi 

ran. 

3^,     ,0 

N. 

',"') 

CO  F 

•2     0.5 

N. 

3" 

CJ     I'. 

Isviiihrrn   i)cean. 

5  7     M 

N. 

4 

ciW 

Atlantic  Ocean. 

i-'.      h'J 

N 

51 

-0    1: 

\8     \o 

N 

1 

.;.l     F 

KI.LSO. 


•uh: 

1.0,1c  i/tiJe. 

M. 

I).     M. 

io  N. 

'3     3f'  K. 

if)  N. 

2     48  \V. 

so  N. 

6     i8  \V. 

^8  N. 

1        2^\V. 

H  N. 

4    20  \v^ 

30     N. 

2    20  (•',. 

.vS  N. 

i        2^\V. 

08  N. 

3     25  W. 

Towns. 
K 


GEOGRAPHICAL    TABLl^,    kc. 

Provinces.  Coimtrics.  ^uirhrs.  LatiluJe. 

M. 


KFLSO,  Uoxlv.roiiglilliiiv,  Siotlaml, 

Kilniiirnor,  Aiillme,  Scmland, 

Ki''ilc,  Muiilt-.T,  ]ii-l.uul, 

KiNCToN,  |;iMMn.:i,  Well  liulia, 

Koi.iNCi  «£Rc;,  I'liiliia,  I'oUiul, 


Europe 
luiiope 
Kill"  ipe 
Amcrua 
Europi* 


D. 


5.5  3S  N. 

55  JS'N. 

17  40  N. 

54  4i  N- 


«7 

Longitude. 
D.     M. 


2  1 2  W. 

4  .SOW. 

8  ;o  W. 

77  OD   W. 

2  1  35  E. 


an. 

01 

N. 

27 

5?   E 

5« 

N. 

}\ 

00  \V 

15 

N. 

20 

00  W 

-■•' 

N. 

7 

10   E 

an. 

44 

N. 

3 

30  W 

5« 

N 

10 

\ 

so 

N 

;o 

N 

.S'^ 

N 

Oi 

N 

7, 

6 
S 

4SW 
20  W 

00  \v 
40  \v 

1  -    1' 

0 

55   K 

20  N'. 

6 

00  l'^. 

2;  N. 

y 

00  v.. 

00  N. 

3 

S6    E. 

00  N. 

0 

00  W. 

50  N. 

4 

05  W. 

01;   N . 

2 

16  \v 

3,    N. 

74 

20    E. 

30   N. 

5/ 

2,    E. 

00   N . 

1 1 

so   E. 

S-   N. 

4 

22  W. 

00  N. 

140 

30   E. 

4 

00   E 

y 

40   E 

1 

,-2  \V 

^s 

.^W 

'> 

s;   E 

84 

00  W 

4 

10   E 

f>7 

;;    E 

^ 

:;8  W 

0 

12  W. 

I  ;<)    TO  i:. 
3'p    cj   I'.. 

4     ..'W. 

,1     \^  v.. 

\      ..:.    K. 
Kt.LSO. 


LAmaftcr 
Levant  S^a, 
Lii  111', 
I.C11!., 
Ltiils, 
Livilcn, 
Ltiptic, 
L'juelUT, 
Linlitiii;.  iw, 
Lincoln, 
Lille, 
Lini.  Ill  k, 

LiSHIIN, 
Ll.MA, 

LiiihliclJ, 

Lo;-I^EOUR(,, 

Lo'-ctfi) 
LO.NDON. 

L'lnctonikr!)', 

I  .V'Ml  , 

Lii.\-;i\lnug, 
M 

JV'l  Mniorai, 
Mauki  i>, 
MtnclKlk-r, 
Mili.i, 
Mantca, 

M..kK\.l, 

Mulral., 
Manilla, 
Miilcillc;, 

Nk-dina, 

Ml.  CCA, 

Mcd.i.Tian.  Sja, 
Mnillill  v.; 
Mls^  na, 
Mexu-o, 
Milf.)i>i  llawn, 
Milan, 

M  'L'HO, 
Mo  HEN  A, 

MoiitK'al, 

Monipc-licr, 

Moiitrok', 

Moi'i'irn, 

Mosro'A  , 

Muiilki, 

K 

JV'Nank'infaS 
N  ,i'i  IS, 

N  A  K  \  A  , 

NcwtalUc, 
Nitc. 
Ncupoii, 
New  Yo.  u, 
Nif^i  VI  11, 
N')Ciin;.:.haiii, 
M'lithampton, 
Norwich, 

No.  87. 


Lanraniirc, 

Coall  ui 

L.alior, 

Edinlnirgniire, 

Yoi  kDiiic, 

Holl.ina, 

Saxony, 

I-.fiiifli  riliirc, 

Liiilniii^ovvfliiir, 

J-ifr  .  Inlhirc, 

Maiiiicrs, 

MiiniUT, 

Eiirainail'.ua, 

I'ciu, 

Siariordiliirc, 

(."dpo  Bitioii  Iflc, 

r>'pt''.  Tcmtoiio, 

Alidcllcicx, 

I'hler, 

Hulllan, 

Lyons, 

LuxL-niburg, 


Canlon, 
MiKM-'-a  llli', 
N\w  Cailik-, 
I--a;icalliiic, 
Malta  I  lie, 
Manilla, 
M.;l.uui, 
Ci'iomanikl, 
Plalil>pin>-  lll.s, 

PrnvtIKC, 

Ar.iliia  Dfl'-rta, 

Araliia  Iklcrta, 

hciwein 

1\/, 

S.  ily  lllui.l, 

Mexico, 

rciiiliiokcfliiic, 

Miln.'c, 

Arr.liia  I'clix, 

Mmlcna, 

Canada, 

I  .an,L',iicduc, 

l''')i'tar, 

M  in  ceo, 

Mo'io.v, 

W.llihalia, 


L  iriiin, 

N  Mikiiu;;, 
Naples, 

I.IVDlli.l, 

N  .rlliunv'crl.inil, 
I'l.im-'it. 
Kluide  111 '.nil, 
New  Yi.ik, 
AH'yiia, 

N'tini^lianilhirc, 
Nojihaniptoulliuc 
Norfolk, 


Enii,landj 

Svni, 

Eal'  India, 

Scoilaiid 

l'".ngl,Lnd, 

Neilu  1  kinds, 

(Jeimanv, 

E;:u:anci, 

Scotland, 

Eni!,laiid, 

Netherlands, 

Ireland, 

I'lrtui^al, 

South 

Enirland, 

North 

Italy, 

Englanil, 

Ireland, 

Germ, my, 

I'laiu  e, 

Neihei  lands. 


China, 

Spain, 

Spa'ii, 

iMigl.ind, 

M..iiterranean, 

lt.de, 

Eal'l  India, 

Eill  liulia, 

E.ill  India, 

l-rauie, 

Arabia, 

Ar.ihia, 

Europe    and 

Birbaiv, 

Mediterranean  Sea, 

Nuitl; 

Wales, 

Iialv, 

Ai.il)ia, 

Ii.ily, 

Noith 

ri.ii'.te, 

Scotland, 

Haibarv, 

Riillia,' 

Germany, 


Cit.many, 

China, 

lialv, 

Rullia, 

I'a\i.',land, 

Iialv, 

Noith 

North 

'I'liikey, 

Vjii^Luid, 

I'.lli^l.Uld, 

LnglaiKl, 


Europe 

Ali.i, 

Alia 

Europe 

Europe 

Europe 

Eurojie 

Europe 

I'.uropi; 

Eurojie 

Eur<j])e 

Eur,  1^)6 

Europe 

Anil  riea 

Ear<pc 

America 

Europe 

EiU'  ipe 

Euiojie 

Europe 

Europe 

Europe 


Eumpe 

Alia 

Europf 

Eur'  i|  le 

I'.uriipc 

Euro|)e 

Anieriea 

America 

Alia 

Europe 

r'.urope 

l.'.urope 


.54 

C5 

N. 

2 

55  w. 

Mediterranean  S.a. 

3^ 

40 

N. 

75 

30  E. 

55 

5« 

N. 

3 

00  W. 

Si 

\^ 

N. 

1 

24  \V. 

5^ 

1 2 

N. 

4 

05    E. 

51 

20 

N. 

I  2 

40   E. 

52 

40 

N. 

X 

0^  \v. 

55 

56 

N. 

3 

T.Q   W. 

53 

'5 

N. 

00 

27  w. 

5° 

4i 

N. 

CO   E. 

51 

35 

N. 

t< 

48  W. 

38 

4^ 

N. 

8 

5  i  W. 

1 2 

'5 

s. 

77 

;d  W. 

5^ 

43 

N. 

I 

40  W. 

45 

54 

N. 

5'^ 

--)  w. 

43 

15 

N. 

14. 

1.^    E. 

51 

30 

N. 

I'lijt  Mer. 

55 

CO 

N. 

1 

40  VV. 

54 

00 

N. 

1 1 

40   E. 

45 

46 

N. 

4 

55    E- 

49 

40 

N. 

5 

40   E. 

Alia 

22 

13 

N. 

113 

5'   E 

Europe 

39 

3" 

N. 

0:;  E 

Europe 

40 

30 

N. 

4 

.5W 

Europe 

5i 

30 

N. 

2 

22  W 

Europe 

35 

53 

N. 

'4 

32   E 

Europe 

45 

20 

N. 

10 

47    E 

Alia 

2 

1 2 

X. 

101 

0.-'    E 

Alia 

'3 

1  i 

N. 

b'o 

32    E 

Alia 

20 

'4 

N. 

118 

CO    E 

Europe 

43 

'3 

N. 

5 

20   E 

Afi^ 

25 

00 

N. 

39 

5  3    !■' 

Alia 

21 

45 

N. 

41 

00   E 

Africa, 

Atlai.tic 

Dvtan. 

Afrua 

34 

N. 

6 

00   E 

Euiope 

3« 

30 

N. 

•5 

40    E 

Aineriea 

20 

00 

N. 

103 

CO  W 

Europe 

51 

45 

N. 

5 

t^W 

Europe 

45 

^5 

N. 

9 

3,0    E 

Alia 

13 

-l^ 

N. 

43 

5^C 

Euiope 

44 

45 

N. 

II 

20  VV 

America 

45 

?5 

N. 

73 

11  w 

Europe 

43 

3" 

N. 

3 

50  E 

Eur.  [jc 

5^^ 

34 

N. 

2  0  W 

Aliica, 

■;o 

32 

N. 

6 

to  W 

Eur<  ipc 

55 

45 

N. 

37 

^'    I7 

Europe 

52 

00 

N. 

7 

10   h 

48 

44 

N. 

r, 

CO    E. 

32 

00 

N. 

liS 

30   E. 

41 

00 

N. 

14 

1 1)    E. 

59 

CO 

N. 

■I  -^ 

•-  / 

i\    E. 

55 

^3 

N. 

I 

■24  w. 

43 

4^ 

N. 

/ 

03    E. 

4' 

35 

N. 

7' 

CO  \V. 

40 

40 

N. 

74 

00  \V. 

36 

0-1 

N. 

45 

o)    E. 

5.^ 

00 

N. 

o()  \V. 

Vi 

15 

N. 

C  J 

55  \V. 

52 

4- 

N. 

1 

2i     E. 

It   K' 


Oiynipiii 


953 


Toufif. 


O 


C.  !■:  O  C;  R  A  1'  1 1  K  A  I .  T  A  15  f .  I'.,  ?cc. 


iU''M 


/^l  .viniM.i, 

f.rcocc-.  ■> 

Turkcv, 

F.un.po 

VJ  o 

L  M  I  1  /  , 

Mor.ivia, 

lV>licnii:i, 

!•  iiriiiic 

Oporto, 

Diuiiii, 

roiui-j,.il. 

i  .uropc 

Oinub, 

Ornuii  Ilk', 

IVriKi", 

Alia 

Or.ui, 

Ali;i(.r!s, 

H.irlMry, 

Atiita 

Ollcml, 

M.iiuk-is. 

Ni'lhi-Tlaiuli, 

r,uro|i(; 

Oxloiii, 

OxiortUhui.-, 

Lii-Luul, 

IIUKIIIO 

|*Aiiiu\  or  Oii 

J^ciital  OCCM!!, 

iHtwi'cn 

Alia  am! 

America 

Padua, 

N'cuuv-, 

halv. 

Kuioik: 

I'aincy, 

Rctitrevv(hu\-, 

Siotlaml, 

l'iin)j>e 

Palermo, 

Sitilv  Ilk, 

\k-iliierraiu'aii. 

r.iirojic 

Palmv  ra, 

S\ria, 

Turkey, 

Alia 

Panama, 

Ran.ri, 

Terra  iMnua, 

Ameriea 

Paris. 

Ifle  ot  l-'raiKo, 

IraiK'.', 

l'.uro|)e 

Parma, 

I'arnielaii, 

Italv. 

luiropc 

Patna, 

Ben|;al, 

I'.ati  India, 

Alia 

Pkcu, 

Peau, 

i:all  liulia, 

Alia 

P.kin, 

lVk;n, 

C'liina, 

Aha 

Pembroke, 

Peinhrokelliiri', 

Wales, 

I'.uroix^ 

Ptn/.antc. 

C'ornwal!, 

I'.ii^lanJ. 

l''.urope 

I'lNSACoLA, 

Well  KiorKJ,'., 

North 

Amenea 

Perth, 

I'en!ilhn\-, 

Seotland, 

K uropc 

I'tTtliamhox, 

New  Yolk, 

North 

Amenea 

Ptrkpolis, 

Irae  Age  in, 

Perlia, 

Alia 

Pi  1  EKSBIMU-.U, 

Ingria, 

KulTia. 

i-.uropi' 

I'm  I  L  AD  t  LI' HI  A, 

Peiinlvlvania, 

North 

America 

Pila, 

Tuiiain  , 

Italv, 

{•'uiope 

P 1.  A  c  r;  N  r  i  a  , 

Newiouiuk  Ifk' 

North 

Amerua 

Plyniouili, 

Devojilhue, 

l".n[;laiKl, 

Piiropc 

riynioutli, 

New  Englaiul, 

Nortli 

America 

l'oiH'i(.lu'rr\', 

Corouianikl, 

V.i\\  India, 

Alia 

I'ortiiivmtii, 

Hanipiliiie, 

Jmi^!:uk1, 

Kurojie 

Portlinoutli, 

New  knglain.1. 

Nortli 

America 

Porto  Beilo, 

DaricPi, 

Terra  I'lrma, 

America 

Port  rOrient, 

Briianv, 

I  ranie, 

l:!urope 

Port  Royal, 

lainaiea  111-. 

Well  India, 

America 

Potoli, 

Peru, 

S-uth 

Amerlia 

I'r  Atifi;, 

J'rdlon, 

Bohemia, 

I'ilglalld, 

kuropc 
l'.urM]>c 

Lancalhne, 

I'RhiUlRG, 

LVi-er 

iiunjjary, 

PuroDc 

^     CL 

. 

^"^I    IHF.C, 

Canada, 

North 

Americ! 

\J   (jviUo, 

Peru, 

SjuUi 

America 

I. 

ililiulr. 

f.Olf 

'.'/■;((/'. 

{). 

M. 

1). 

M 

.i7 

.;o  N. 

21 

CO   V, 

4<; 

;o  N. 

If) 

43   "■- 

4' 

'lo   N. 

9 

CO  \V 

2  6 

io  N. 

37 

OO      I''. 

■,'^ 

\,  N. 

o 

c^    K 

5' 

i;   \. 

i 

43    1'' 

3' 

43   N. 

1 

'3^V 

43 

3i 

4S 

44 

-3 

'7 

40 

31 
30 

40 

:-.° 

40 
4? 
47 

3° 

4' 

3" 
43 
10 

47 
iS 

i  I 
5° 

48 


4^> 
o 


-,o  N. 
4S  \. 

?o  N. 
00  N. 
^o  N. 
^o  N. 
4,  N. 
43  N- 

CD  N. 

00  N. 

43  N. 

08  N 
22  N. 
.'.'  N. 
30  N. 
-,o  N. 
00  N. 
00  N. 
?6  N. 
■.'.(.  N. 

2()  N. 

4H  N. 
27  N. 
4S  N. 
10  N. 
00  N . 

42  N. 
00  N. 
00  S. 
00  N. 

43  N- 

20  N. 


3^  '^'• 
;q  N. 


39 

.Si 

2 
10 

'\; 

97 

I  K) 

4 
() 

^=7 

.•> 

74 
34 

73 
1 1 

55 

4 

7^ 
.So 

I 

-o 


07 
'4 


6) 


1^  v.. 

oS  W. 
43  I'"- 

GO  !■:. 
52  w. 
23  K. 
31 

00 

CO 
2  b' 


K. 
1:. 
P.. 


^oW. 

00  W. 
20  w. 

12  W. 
20  \\. 
CO  I'.. 

25  i;. 

20  W. 

15  K. 

00  w. 

1  ^  w. 
25  w. 

MO   I'.. 

()')  \v. 
20  w. 

coW. 
.5W. 

00  w. 

CO  \V. 
20  K. 

r^w. 


48  \V. 
CO  W. 


R 


bi!/    ' 


!  , 


!<)  jaiiuiv, 
Kagul.1, 
Ratilboii, 
R.ul. 

Rlielil^, 
Rhuoi  s, 

Ril!a. 
RoMK. 
Roletlo, 
Kotterdaill, 

Koiii-n, 


Sr.  Ari.i  V  T  IS, 
I)oiniii;.n), 
I  Icii^^iia, 

•  —  I  A(,(), 

-^Silculor, 
SalKv, 

J^  XM  \KC11  AM), 

S.iliihur\, 

!^ AN  I  A    1"l, 

S.-.  .    \  S  N  All, 

■"^.lyJ,  (ir  TliLbws 


Rra/.il, 

Dahnatia, 

Bav.iria, 

Livonia, 

C'hampa;ine, 

Riiocks  llkmd, 

l.ivoiiii, 

P'lpeN  rcrnt. 

l4;vpt. 

Mollan.i. 

Normaiidv, 


lori' 


FiM  F .„. 

I  iilpaiii  ;l,iille, 
St.  Ikkna, 
Chill, 
Bi.i/il, 
r  y, 

llb.'t 

Willlkiie. 
New  \1..-\iwJ. 
f  ieor(;ia, 
Lpi'cr 


Souih 

N'enice, 

f  lermaiiy, 

Rulfia,  ' 

I- rani  e. 

I  .evant  Sta. 

Ruilia, 

halv, 

Turkey, 

Nithcrland- 

Iiaiiie, 


North 
Well  India, 
lllaiid. 

fioulil 

South 

Barb.iry, 

T.'.rtar'i, 

I'.iiid  mcf, 

N'.'iili 

Noiih 


America 
l',uro])e 
Kuropc 
Puro])!- 

I'.uri'pc 

Alia 

I-.  uropc 

I'.iirope 

Alraa 

I'.urojjf 

l.ur"pc 


Ann  r.i.a 

A;u'  1     a 

Ahica 

Amerii  a 

AiiurKa 

.\''"Ka 

Alia 

l.iiiopc, 

2Vnurii  a 

Air.er  t  I 

Atiica 


:i 

40 

s. 

43 

loW. 

4.2 

43 

\. 

1  8 

2,   K. 

aS 

3'-' 

N. 

1  2 

05    1;. 

39 

00 

N 

23 

07  |.;. 

49 

'4 

N. 

4 

00  !■;. 

•;'! 

20 

N. 

2K 

00  \'.. 

^'' 

33 

N 

•'4 

CO    1:. 

.1 1 

34 

N. 

1  2 

43    ••■• 

.;  1 

10 

\. 

41 

^;  r.. 

-.1 

3  T 

N. 

4 

:,)    !,. 

•■,'» 

2') 

N. 

1 

10  i:. 

•9 

43 

N 

Si 

1 2  w . 

i,S 

JO 

\. 

7"' 

c    W. 

1(1 

CO 

S. 

0 

2tU. 

34 

CO 

S. 

77 

0  ,  U  . 

'  ? 

00 

s. 

5^ 

o->  W. 

3^ 

f.r^ 

h  1 

1) 

2-  \V. 

4-1 

40 

.\. 

>'•> 

CO    I'.. 

31 

'  0 

\. 

1 

4:W. 

'." 

CO 

N. 

101 

Q.   \V. 

3' 

55 

N. 

t'o 

■20  w. 

^1 

«'.' 

\. 

3- 

•.'0    l'. 

Samaria 

(,  i: c) f .  R  A  I'  m  c  A  L   r  a  b  l  i:;,  .\r. 


950 


1/11,1,-. 
M 


^o   N. 

o   N. 

io  N. 

,V3  N. 

N. 

N'. 


f.'i:i  '.iliJ'. 

I)'  M 


2  I 

9 

.^7 


CO   !•;. 

CO  \V . 

oo  !•;. 

c^    K. 
45    Iv 


V-.  X. 

I  1 

.;   F.. 

+S   X, 

4 

o'S  \V. 

^o   N. 

15 

45     I'- 

30     N. 

59 

00    1;. 

^0   N. 

.Si 

52  w . 

^o   N. 

2 

25    K. 

4^    N. 

10 

5.    K. 

45   N. 

«:. 

00  K. 

ci  N. 

'/7 

CO    I'.. 

00   N. 

1  \h 

28    K. 

4^   N. 

4 

<;o\V. 

o8   N 

6 

CO  W  . 

Z2     \. 

•'■7 

20  \V. 

2  2     N. 

1 
.> 

1 1  \V. 

50  X. 

74 

loW. 

5°  N- 

54 

00    I'.. 

oo   N. 

50 

2:;   K. 

00  X. 

75 

20  \V. 

^6   \. 

J  1 

■  ^  !■:. 

2  0    X. 

3  ^ 

00  w. 

26   N. 

4 

,.^\v. 

4«    N. 

1'-^ 

2^\V. 

27   N. 

>So 

'.0   K. 

4S    \. 

1 

oh  \V, 

lo   N 

70 

20  w. 

oo   N. 

iii 

coW. 

42    N. 

•1 

i5\V. 

00   \. 

/  1 

00  \V. 

00     S. 

"7 

CO  W. 

00   X. 

'4 

20   K. 

4^    N. 

50  W. 

20  N. 

'7 

J^   K. 

^;  X. 

6) 

4S  W. 

:o   \. 

-.■i 

CO  W. 

40 
45 

N. 

45 

1  8 

I0\\  . 

25    K. 

5"^' 

N. 

1  2 

0^    K. 

CO 

N 

-5 

07  !■;. 

14 

N. 

4 

OT  !■:. 

20 

X. 

2S 

00   !■!. 

^^^ 

N 

•'4 

CO   K. 

54 

N. 

1  2 

45    !•:■ 

10 

N. 

4' 

;;    1:. 

5  T 

N. 

4 

;o    1,. 

-" 

X. 

i 

1.3  i: 

45 

\ 

Si 

1  .•  W  . 

:o 

\. 

7' 

c,,\\. 

CO 

s. 

0 

11  W. 

0 

s. 

77 

n;  \\  . 

00 

s. 

5-^ 

o-'W. 

0'-> 

s'  , 

0 

1-  \v. 

40 

N. 

<"> 

CO    K. 

■^ 

\. 

1 

4,-\V. 

CO 

X. 

101 

0.  \V. 

"  "l 

X. 

t:o 

20  W. 

«■.■ 

N. 

5^ 

.•)   1. 
.Siiiiurin 

7'A-f,7.(. 

I'io:-iiii,'s. 

C.iiwui  ics. 

Qmtrl 

S;im:iii,i  Ruins, 

1  I<il\   Land, 

Tuikev, 

Alia 

.Si.  ( ia)rj;o\  Cluui 

l)L't\veep. 

I'.ng.  and  bxl. 

i'.urope 

Seaiiiormigli, 

Yoiklhire, 

l'^;ii;land, 

luiropc 

SCOIK', 

IVrllilliire, 

ScDtiand, 

I'.urope 

Sc.iul  Al'o|)li, 

J.iiL-  Taitary, 

I'Airopc  and 

Alia, 

Niiniiora, 

'I'iiiki\  in 

1 -urope  and 

Alia, 

• Kainlchalka, 

C'.i.lll  ot 

Kamlchatka, 

Alia, 

• Korea, 

C'.ail  ol" 

Kni\a, 

Alia, 

Shr>-.v(lmi\ , 

Sliiupllure, 

I'aij^Iaiid, 

luiropc 

Shciltls 

Durham, 

I'aigiand, 

l^uropu 

Slu-crjici-, 

KcPt, 

l'.m;land. 

Furo])c 

.S^■|lir:l^. 

I'arliHaii, 

I'ei'lia, 

Alia 

Scvi!!.-, 

A;i'la'.uiia, 

Sp„l-,. 

I'lurope 

Si  AM, 

Siaiu, 

Vm\   bidia. 

Alia 

Si.l..ii. 

raiefline. 

'1  inkev, 

Alia 

S.m  i-(i,i, 

Xatoli.i, 

TurL.'y, 

Alia 

Si)uih;un|)ton, 

Haniplhirc, 

Kn;4and, 

IvuHipe 

Spav.', 

l.K,.., 

(Jeinian"', 

I'.urope 

Scuiul, 

belA\;eii 

Deiiin.  and  S.s'cdd, urope, 

SldrmJ, 

SiaiViullhiro, 

lM,-!ai!d, 

1  .urope 

Stiriiiij,, 

Sicrlin2,lliMv, 

Sei  11  .a.-.d, 

Ivarojie 

Slrurriui, 

I'lfniera.iia, 

(jcinuiny. 

r.uroj:c 

Straftniri^lT, 

Allaco, 

(iem'.ai;\-. 

I'.uropc 

Sroi'kiioi.M, 

l'|>lan  lia. 

Sweden, 

1 'All  ope 

Strcit^lii-'  ol  P'lvcr, 

I'etufcn 

I'ai^.  anil  I'rance 

luiiope, 

(iibrakar. 

between 

I'Aiiivpe  and 

Africa, 

BalichiiauJcl 

,   hetAeen 

Airica  and 

Alia, 

— —  OriiiLis, 

between 

I'erlla  and  Arab. 

Alia, 

—  Malana, 

between 

Mai.  andSumat 

,\tia. 

Ma.vilaii, 

in  l'atai!;onia. 

S'luth 

America, 

l.aMari', 

in  I'atagonia, 

Sourli 

Amer.ca, 

Sue/., 

Sue/., 

Iv2vpt, 

Africa 

Sunikrlaiui, 

Dmliam, 

l'',nij,laiid. 

PLuMpe 

SlRINAM, 

Surinam, 

South 

America 

SritAv, 

t.'ambava, 

I'Vill  bulla. 

Alia 

SvRAcisr., 

Sicily  llle. 

Mediterranean, 

Europe 

1 

rr^ANdlKR, 

Fez, 

Bailvirr, 

Africa 

Jj_     'I'.mjour, 

Tanjour, 

lialt  bidia, 

Alia 

Tauri-,  or 

I'A  'latana, 

Meilea, 

i'erlia. 

Alia, 

Tcllis 

( ieor!i,ia. 

PeriM, 

Alia, 

Ti-t  nan 

1-e/.' 

H,lil):irv, 

Africa 

'riiorn, 

ke;2,il  I'lUlFia, 

I'nland, 

Europe 

TOMOI-SKI, 

Silvri.a, 

Rullia, 

Alia 

Ti>lc-.K), 

Xew  Callile, 

S|  aiii. 

Europe 

Toulon, 

I'roveiKo, 

!■  r.iiu  e. 

Europe 

'rrapcloiid, 

Xatoha, 

'i'urkev. 

Alia 

Trent. 

Trent, 

( ^enr.iny, 

i'Airope 

Troy  Rmns, 

Natolia, 

Turkey , 

Alia 

Tkii'oli, 

.  Tripoli, 

Barbary, 

Airica 

Tripoli, 

Syria, 

Turkey, 

Alia 

Tl    S  IS, 

Tiniis, 

Barbarv, 

Africa 

Thus, 

I'iedmont, 

balv,  ' 

I'Airopc 

T\re, 

luilea. 

Turkey, 

Alia 

I' 

l)'' 

lloiianJ, 

Netherlands, 

Fairope 

^            V 
-¥    r  J-.Mei.. 

\'eiiue, 

It.ily, 

pAirojic 

\     \\\.\  Cru/., 

()M  Mexico, 

North 

America 

Verlaille-. 

llle  1)1  I'lance, 

[■'ranee. 

l'',uroiie 

\'  1  1 ,  N  N  A  . 

Auibia, 

Ciermanv, 

F.I  I  rope 

\v 

•«  ¥  r,\r«i^k, 

Warwicklhire, 

F.n<2,land, 

Furopi- 

W      \\  AK>  \\\  .\\  ailiivia. 

I'olaikl, 

F.urope 

\\  atertorJ. 

Munlter. 

Irelaiul, 

F.urojie 

\Vliitelia\en, 

t'i;:r,!viiaiKl, 

Filmland, 

Euro]ie 

Willi  AMsiiiiu; 

11.  ViitK.a, 

Noiili 

America 

Wells, 

SoaieiKtIhir*', 

I'J'Si'i.HIld, 

Europe 

Winehcller, 

1  jamplliue. 

I'.n'^land, 

I'Airope 

Worms, 

Lower  Rhine, 

(ieimany. 

I'.uiMpe 

WorcelUr, 

Wureellerlhire, 

Ensiland, 

Europe 

Y 

XTArnioutli, 

Norfolk. 

I'.r.i^Iand, 

Europe 

1     York, 

Yurklliuv, 

EiiLiland, 

Eun'i'e 

Lain 

uk. 

/./,', 

illuk. 

I). 

M. 

1). 

\\. 

.5^ 

40  X 

3S 

00  1'. 

Ailaiuie  (Vear 

. 

s4 

i:-!  N. 

0 

10  W. 

-.(' 

24  N. 

3 

10  W. 

Blaek  Sea 

Black  Sea 

Pacilic  C) 

;can. 

Pacific  0 

j.:\n. 

5- 

43  N. 

2 

46  W 

55 

02   N. 

1 

1 ,-  W. 

5' 

25  N. 

CO 

50    E. 

29 

30  N. 

^^ 

00  v.. 

37 

15  N. 

() 

0;  w. 

14 

i,S   .\. 

100 

33    1:. 

n  y 

-  ■■    N 

, 

1  -    !•' 

.■*-> 

.s  .1    '  ^  ■ 

1 ' 

1 J    1,. 

2^ 

2,S   N. 

2.) 

CO    E. 

5=" 

,-   N. 

I 

23  W. 

5^ 

30  N. 

5 

43    E. 

Baltic  Sea. 

52. 

50  X. 

2 

CO  \V. 

S^' 

10  N. 

3 

,0  W. 

54 

2?   \. 

'3 

I2    E. 

48 

3S  X. 

7 

3.    E. 

59 

30  X. 

18 

oS    E. 

FnD,lini  Clui 

intl. 

Me.'.:ieriaiiean  Sea. 

Red  S  a. 

Periian  Ciulj) 

1. 

Ih  nan  Ocean 

At  lain,  i^  S 

Sea. 

Atlant.   &S 

Sea. 

29 

SO  N. 

33 

27    F. 

54 

'y,  N- 

I 

10  W. 

6 

00  N. 

y 

30  \v. 

21 

10  N. 

/- 

2;  !•:. 

57 

04  N. 

'5 

05  ^- 

j^ 

42   N. 

^ 

45  ^v. 

1 1 

27  X. 

79 

Q/      E. 

33 

-D   X. 

46 

30    E. 

4.? 

30  N. 

47 

0  3  !•;. 

.55 

40  N. 

-1 

iS  \v. 

12 

^6  N. 

.    '9 

CO  !•;. 

.■^y 

00  N. 

(jg 

00    v.. 

59 

45   N'- 

4 

12\\. 

45 

07  X. 

6 

00    E. 

41 

30  N. 

43 

3.    E. 

46 

0:;   N. 

I  1 

02    E. 

39 

30  X. 

26 

30  v.. 

33 

30  X. 

'4 

30   E. 

34 

30  N. 

36 

1;    E. 

3" 

47  N- 

10 

CO    E. 

44 

50  N. 

7 

30    1:. 

J- 

i'-  X. 

3'^ 

00    E. 

52    07 


N. 


00   E. 


4i 

2i 

N. 

li 

10   E. 

iH 

;o 

N. 

97 

4S  W. 

4' 

40 

N. 

1^    E. 

48 

20 

N. 

16 

20  v.. 

y~ 

18 

X. 

I 

5  2    W. 

S~ 

'5 

N. 

21 

0,-    E. 

1,2 

12 

N. 

7 

1 0  w , 

';4 

;S 

N. 

3 

30  w 

sV 

1  2 

N. 

7" 

48  \v. 

•1 1 

12 

N. 

40  \v. 

?! 

C6 

N. 

1 

s  W. 

49 

;« 

N. 

8 

OS    E. 

5^ 

10 

N. 

- 

i,\\. 

c,t 

45 

N. 

, 

4S    E. 

.■:•+ 

00 

N. 

I 

0;  W  . 

(     CjCo     ) 


M 


urn 


•■it 


'iiii 


mm 


Ihc    S;ii>r-phil     COXTEXTS     of    the     (JIX)BE     ^/    //j.-    EARTH,    ami    its 

D!v'jioiis  in  S'jiiarc  Miles. 


(il.(1ill'',  (ii   I',\niH  ami  Si.a,   148,^10,627  Squ.irc  Mik-s. 
Sj:lf  .111(1  unknown  Parts      1  i  7,843,821 
The  inhalv.t.ililc  I'.irts        30,^)66,80^ 


Ali.1 

10.2 ;-. 487  1  I'erlian  I'rellnt                     800,000  1 

Netherlands 

12,968 

Atn.i 

8,5-0,208     Rul'ilau  I'.mi'ire                3,303,483 

Norway 

71,400 

Ku;o-,x" 

2,740, ;4<;  !  Turkilh  l.nijiirc                  960,037 

I'oland 

■2 16,4 1 4 

N'ori!i  Anicrita 

•;,6iy(),o87  i  Denmark                              1  (13,000 

Spain  vNJth  Portugal 

144,236 

Sc'uili  Anicriia 

3,434,673     1-ranee                                   i3i,oq5 

Sweden 

76,«35 

Chinrlf  I'.iiiiiirL- 

i,74'.i,oco    (ierniany                               3'\V5c 

Switzerland 

7>533 

\l.)giii\  Knipire 

i.i  111, coo  ■  lUnu^ary                                7.'!'5-'.') 

Pcilian  under  Darius        i  ,6 -0,000  ,  Italy                                       IS^'S^S 

ISLANDS  ill  Order  ot  Magnitude. 

i5i)riieo 

228,OQO(  l-oriuola                  17,000,  Negrojiont 

1,30:   1  .ellilios 

220 

M.iiiaivalcar 

1 6S,ooo!  Aniany                   1 1  ,qco'  Tenerirt" 

1,272  Corfu 

'94 

Suir.atra 

1  2cj,ooc  Sii  ily                       9,400  (iothlanJ 

1  ,oco 

I'rovidencc 

168 

J.ijian 

I  iS,ooc    Tiiiior                      7,800  Madeira 

9.^'^ 

Man 

160 

1  ireal  Britain 

72,926;  Suidinia                    6,600  St.  Mitliael 

920 

Boriiliolin 

160 

Ci,  icIts 

68,000  Cyprus                     6,300'  Skyc 

9C0 

Wight 

130 

Manilla 

3S,ooo   lamaica                   6,000  Lewis 

88q 

.Malta 

'.5^ 

Irelr.nd 

4i',ooo,  Ceran^                       5i400j  Funen 

768 

Barlj;uloes 

140 

TeiTa  ilcl  Fueg,'! 

42,073  Cajie  Breton             4, coo  Yvica 

623 

/ant 

120 

Mindanao 

3u,?o  ,  SiKOtora                  3,6-0  Minorca 

3  20 1  Antigua 

loo 

Cuba 

38,400;  Candia                     5.^'° 

Riuxles 

480 

St.  Chriflophcr'i 

80 

Java 

38,2^0  I'urto  Rico              5,200 

Ce|)lialonia 

42c 

St.  Helena 

80 

Hilpaninla 

36,000  C<jrli.:a                     2,520 

Ainboyna 

4c  0 

'  iucruley 

50 

Ne-AlMUiulland 

33,300  Zealand                    '.9.)5 

Orkney  I'omona 

3-4 

jerlcy 

43 

CL-yliin 

27,730,  Majorca                    i,4'>o 

Scio 

300 

Bermuda'. 

40 

Ireland 

27,437:  St.  Jago                   :,4oo 

Martinico 

2  6c!  Rhodes 

36 

f.  r'^ife' 


0  '   4 


A    GUIDF. 


.RTII,    ami    its 


12,968 

7 1  >4oo 

^16,414 

jrtugal 

144,236 

T^iiSi 

7.533 

lOS 

220 

194 

dentc 

168 

160 

lolm 

160 

It 

150 

I 

'5^ 

ulocs 

140 

1 20 

j,iKi 

100 

:hnflophcr'4 

80 

Icltiu 

80 

-iik-y 

50 

y 

43 

luda?. 

40 

dcs 

3'' 

■  Pf 


A    GUIDE 


(     9^1     ) 


GUIDE 


CjKCKiR.v.'iii-,    iVsTRcvoMY,    llic  U.,;:  of  the  (ii.oisis,  IvIai'S,  &c. 


C^  r.Or,!',  \!iJY   is  II'"  JiTiv:.!  fro:r.  tv.'o  Gr^-.-k  w  ■,•>!.,  [■/■n,  (i.^ailyiiiL^;  .'■'■.■  v.\y:h,  mI  vja;*,  fj  ihfu.he,} 
y  1-11'  ■  1  1.',  -t  iV'i..  ril  i).;>  :;iitioii  '/'aIi:!!  i.;  callal  liu'  iVrri  juculi.  or  1  tiTcllria!  Glilx'. 

T(u"i'  .'i,-  (itluT  I  '  111- .  whk  'i,  (lioui'Ji  comprifai  in  tiic  t^jncrul  one  >'>t  (I'^jgr.ipliv,  imy  be  ck'ii.'v/il  :il)ilraif\odly  : 
fliiiS  //v./'  p  '-'■•'•  i:;r,-''i'.-'.  .1  (I.^KTii'tinn  itf  u-:ifT;  C'W  ,?r,;,o//v  fignili/s  tln'  di-lcripiion  of  a  couniry,  or  iTuvinw  ; 
/  l"  ;^r.!r-i'r,-  la.  '.  r  iIk  ik,i  'i:i'i-i\  i>i  .i  parlc^ul.ir  ciuhr";,  city,  t')'.vii,  vill.ig',',  &c. 

Ti-RMS    USED    IN    GEOGRAPHY. 

T  Fl  1'".  priiuip.il  tci.ns  iifi-d  i:i  Geography,  rrfpe' l:!i^  tlio  dclrripti.m  of  lind  and  water,  arc  as 
foll.-.w  : 

A  ("■inti!U';ii  impl;. '.  a  !arr-'  portion  ol  cartli,  coiiipntni;^  Icvcrai  touiitri-j-,  wiiich  arc  not  ll-paratcd  by 
flic  k'a. 

An  Illand  i^  a  purtion  ot"  earth  cntirilv  liuruundcd  hv  \vati.T. 

A  Pcninlula  i-^  a  quaiitity  ol  land,  i'Mui.d  to  tin:  coiuiUL'nt  \)y  a  linall  :wck,  and  cvjry  wh'jre  :[['<:  furroimdcd 
by  waic; 

An  lllhni'is  is  thar  neck  wiikii  conni-'Cts  iir,'  pcninlnla  to  the  iiiai;)  laivi. 

A  l'rom')nl'>rv,  or  Cape,   is  a  lii;;li  |Hiint  ot  laiuk   wliieh  liretehes  into  the  lea. 

Ai'.  Ocean  is  ai;  imnienlf  colk-ciion  ot  water,  liirrouiKliniji  a  jj.reat  part  ot  the  continent. 

A  Sea  is  a  lipaUcr  rolk\'iion  ot'  water,  or  a-,  '.i-.f-jiior  ocean. 

A  Guioli  is  a  part  ot'the  tea  alniol\  lurrout.ded  liy  land,  e.vcept  at  one  linall  part,  where  it  joins  the  main  lea. 

A  Bay  is,  inj2,eneral,   kl^  tn.m  agiilidi,   and  lu:.  a  wider  enliance. 

A  Creek  is  iels  than  a  bay,  and  n)a\  be  deemed  a  Imall  inlet  ot'waie;,  running  a  little  way  into  ths  land. 

A  Road  IS  a  [ilac  •■  ■..  .  liie  m.ill,   where  there  is  :>  v^ood  anchorage. 

A  Streii;hi,  or  Siraii,  is  a  n:irio\.'  pall'age  ol  water,  wliicii  joins  I'ao  leas,  two  gulphs,  a  lea  and  a  gulph,  8cc. 

A  l-ake  i.a  colk'dion  of  w  iter,  hirroiinded  by  UikI. 

A  River  is  a  llream  of  water,  which  derives  its  loiirce  Ironi  liime  inliml  tjjriiig,  meaiidcr'i  tlirough  the  country, 
and  empties  iilelt  either  into  the  ocean,  the  tea,  or  lome  other  river. 

I'or  the  helpot  memory,  we  lliall  ncaintulatc  the  foregoing  geographi'jal  ter;ns  in  verll-. 

A  Coi!tiit:i!i\  A  Tiiick-  of  lanil  detin'd, 
,   Comprilins;  cour.iries  not  by  leas  disjoinM. 
Tlie  v.at'rx  ek-incnt  an  ///,,h./ iiounds, 
And  ev'ry  wliere  with  circling  waves  lurrour.ds . 
And  a  /'('»;;//»,. i's  an  earthly  tpace, 
\Vhicli  (one  jiart  only)  flowing  waves  embrace. 
Tliat  part,  or  neck,  ",vhieli  loins  it  to  thf  main. 
B\  ilk  wiird  Iftkmui  fully  we  explain. 
.\  /'■   ''.'.•..•■I','  1^,  as  all  a'^ree, 
:\  ])>iiii  of  land  project iiv;  in  the  tea. 
The  earihly  glol>c  the  I'lirj^inj;  Oic.tns  bound. 
And  leiler  SciH  more  narrow  Ihores  liirrouml. 
'•'or  an  inferior  lea  a  (.iu.'f'k  n\:\\  tl.md, 

Almoll  encl.)b'd  and  circiiiiilcnb'd  by  h'-ivl.  , 

A  /)'.(>'  IS  a  fmaller  (,'h/^/Z'  eL  lin'd  : 
A  CVi-[*v's  A  fmaller  bay,  Icls  mnv'd  l)\  \\m\ 
A  Ro.iil  is  whore  a  fliip  iiia\  ride  -.Mth  eaie  : 
A  Sifi'i^li:\  A  narrow  pain  ih.it  joins  (wo  lea-.- 
A  L:ike\  M\  inkuul  lea  with  ceriain  bouii  i>, 
VViiicli  banking  earth  on  ev'ry  tide  'iirnaind-. 
A  Hh\r  thr..iii;li  the  laud  mtaiid'rmg  goes. 
Streanij  from  its  loiirce,  and  to  rh..  (ue.'.n  llo.v^- 


No.  88 


u  L 


OF 


■■■    ./ 


<■- 


I*^; 


A  (.111)1.  TO  f;UOGRArilV,  \t. 


Ol-    Til!.  AR'I'IIKIAL  S1'II1:R1.,  OR  (ILOBK 


'11  ;r 


:in  .Ml  iici  1  ni.uli 


ih 


iMii'i'  iiv  1.1  nr.uw   1 1; 

cl 


A 


i|\<  ftilC, 


I 


th    1 


I'.i.  .IV  '>t  nvil 


r;;n.-  ii|  i'. .!■  lilolii.-,  or  l>iiii  v  ;  .iikI  I'.i  iliu.ii.iti.-  I ';...•  m  .!;o;i-  o    iIk-  cii  di. 


!iiia;i5 


I'l  Uh  IS,    i\ 


c.i: 


Kvcry  ciri'c 

■   IV.i!V..t(.S. 


;ii!a   2t^o  full, 11  p.ii  1 


vhi.l 


I  Wi.   Cili  i! 


.(.■gu\;  iiil'i  (i  5  iiKii,'  uju.il  [).m 


'1  Iv   /'.'(»«(•  (''  :l  till 


irr  ',;i-  tin  li;r:uc  oi'.  wl 


c\t  111  I;  'iTi   n:i  II':  K'l.   i: 


K.ii  ..i;i(..i  iiic  r 


liiiliil    i-  vli.'.wii;   :iiu!    ::  im-   riirt'ii-     be  !'ii|'ii.'l  J  .  f  m    iiifliutt 


•I    ili.ii  iir,  L.      liiii 


I  in.  I- 5  .iic  l.lld  in  in.-    Ill  .liti' 


a  1' 


win II  tlic  liirl.u\  ■  i>;.  wliuli  il.iv  ait  m;uK-  iiiiliiu'  t  >  «ii-  iiiii-ili'-'t  lac'ii  ui'ii-r. 


"1 


•'f 'ti 


Tl:^  ./.\7'.<  is  ■'  .It  I'll.'  u'.uii  wi'  ,  oiiccivc  It" 
ul .  luiiii  rouii.',  rqiickiitnl  m  i!k-  .irt'.''n.ril  ',  lUihi-  hy  a 


ll-i  l!"'Oll.'Ji  ilic  nii 


-I    i' 


r.i;!li,  .:iul   oil  \\\<\  !i   tic  wlio!, 


Ill  t.'.u  cMri-iimic>  1)1  I 


lie  A.> 


IM  '.ot  the  1. 


Mi.it'.r;  a;ul  it  the  Avis  lu- inui^incil  t.in.uii  tlie  Uai 


aic  lali.  il  tl, 


ihc  Ariia;,Mi.,  oi  tlii.'  North  and  Sa  vitli  I'olc-  oi  iIk  \V\ili.l. 
.  pri'icip.;!  i  i,.at  Ciivli    x.c  tli'  Ic  : 


p  nil  i^  tallnl  tlic  /Vrcik,  aiul  the 


The  E'fi.itcr  ]^  a  ;;u'at  ciriU-,  p,uin>:  from  f.ift    lo  wc'.l,  which  p.iris  th-  ijl.i'ie   iaf.)   tli.-  noiih  a;;. I    foiitii 
■nicil  ill.   I'-'iuatoi,  or  I'.iiuiiv  \l  i  .1  Line,  ix'iauic-  wIkii  iIu-  Inn  ariiv^'.  there  tlicni-'his  aiul 


lie:ii:l(iheie  .      Il 

iJ.i\  -  .ue  eqij.i'..      li  i-  ahodiM  ie.l  into  •,6o  ili^'te- 


le.kmud  cathvarvl  Iroiii  tik-  tiili  .\Lridi.ir 


Tin-   //; 


»•;.::■«    i<  t  ;.il   ere, It  I  If 'e  svhrJi    paits   t,  e    iipiKi' 


th; 


iin  .li; 


nui 


lu'iiiirplkre  troin   lie  lower 


I. 


\;llMe   front 


I  .lUi'Ji   o!   th'.'  larth   a-,  we  i.oinjir;_;i,;ii!  in  o;ir  vik  w,  in  a  iiiLiiin  ni-innLr  wh  ;i 


nit  on  .1  i>!ar  ,   i    (a'^'ltiie  S.nl;    le  1  I'li/oii.      It  h.iiii'Sv 


we  ;•  I 


1.1   luppcv.e   tie  i\i-   at 


iH'ie,   h  .\  I  I'j,  liie  /I  iiiiii  point   oi\,T  ih« 


mil   Hie  n.u::r   immiii    uikIii    III-' 


•  t.     I  il    lis     H"  ' 


P' 


nil     the    Kitlo:;a 


11. 


l/.oil    I-. 


reprelintid  i^v  a 


I  e  icr    ol    III,-    I. .Mil,   vicwin;,  tlie   ulio'e  lekiiial   luniilphcre    iipwaids 


t.'ail  MOH.iii  iirtl.-  til  oii,p,(ilin^   tn.-  ;:,lui'e,  i.ii    v' 


hi'  h 


Kii   c. 


vii.il   iiher  c;ri 


The  inner  on:   i- divided  into  twi  Iv'  tqi 
iivi',led    into  ihn'y   ilc;.',rei' 


rt  ,    Ihi' 


i'iVUIl'   tlie  i\ie,\e  h'ji''  <>    ine   /•'•diai 


K 


Stvie,   dividcii  1 


30.       riie   iii-xi  loiiiains  a  t,iK,.d,u.  .ii'.oidin,;   t  1  the  (Jld 


ilcu  iiiio  luintli'-  and  da\!.;  and  t'.i  otli.r  is  a  calendar  ait 


din;;  10  tlic  N.w  Sl\ 


1  ;.,e  Mo-:.!:, 


a  !;vtat  .  ir,  K  ,  diMding  Hk  ^l.re   mli)  the  t.nt  an, I  wed  leinilpiieie 
■  '  The  Ml 


it  liis  diit.iiy  iio;i 


and  I'-utli,   palihijj,  thuHij;h  the  p"liv  ol  liit  npiatoi.      The  Mtnd^.ui  1    i  h.ui^j^i.iiilf,   I'ling  prop:  rly  ih.it  put  ot 
tiie  heaven-  where  the  lun  1-  at  noon;  lo  ilm  every  plate  on  ilie  e.irth  has  a  dillVunt  Meridian,  if  we  move  tall 


or  wt 


11;    b- 


t  nairinc  noriii  01  lonih,   11  11111.1111.  tiit  laiiK-. 


Tl 


K-    .iiei  Kli'.ii 


s  marked 


the  Cilolie  ait  ^4  lenii 


t!rck^,  endini;  in  the  polts,  whith  wt  iii.iy  multiply  .n  plealurt  ;  lo;  f ;.-,  .uiapheis  iii'iMily  letll.'  one  Mtrid 
fioiu  whtiKt  tiit\  reikoii  the  loiii;itui!e  ol  am  plate,  tall  or  well ;  iis  m  the  new  let  ot  Maps  lor  this  Cieoyraphv, 
L'  r.ik;n  is  iiuult  the  linl  Mtiidian.  Tin-  ^lobe  hangs  in  a  hral^  mtle,  on  win.  li  is  ]'l.ked  a.-ioihtr  liiiall  Ural-, 
till,  tailed  the  horary  tir>  It;  tiiis  i-.  divii'td  into  24  eijual  parts,  and  deferilns  iIt  hours  of  day  and  night, 
wiiith,   in  111111111;,;  ol  the  Glc)l;e,  are  pointid  out  In  an  indc.'i  tilted  i.'  the  pule.     This  is  to  lliew  die  riling  and 


Itttiie 


Ilia 


the  I 


\,n,   moon,  ai 


d  tl.; 


the  t 


iiK  ot  dav  I 


n  .ill  p.iits  ol    tile  tanl 


de'irte.  ol  latiUKie 


iked  oa  ai.y  .Mtridi.in  lint  ;   I'ut  in  map-  .iKvavs  on  tiie  two  ciittimoli. 

There  are   two  otlitr  inciidians,  called  Cciitrfs.  which   i)iiiip  alio  great  circles  cut   the    Iplirre  into  four 

tuts    l':e  eihj.li.   ..t  the   tirll  litgiee  ot  Ciiucr 
o!,  s,   i'lit    tilt     t'le  tili|>lit   at  the   heginninii, 


xirt- 


The  Sohlite  C' 


'oes   tliruupli  the  110 


and  v^apriti'rn  :     t!it 


i:qi 


Coh 


hk 


of  .'\rie    and  Libra.      By  ih.lt  the  iealons  are  diltinguilli 


Rl' 


ewi:e  thi'imli  tlie  1  oi,  s 


i 
lor  when  the  t.iitii, 


d,r  the  lequin  ix  Colin t.  then  C'liniiiiKe  the  rpiin;4  .md  auiunin;  hut  .vliiii  it  paliis  iiiidci  the  Sollike  Ceil 


111   ilsaniuiaJ   toiirle,   pall'es 


tlie  winter  and  liimmer  I  et'in. 


Th-'  Ei.'.ftii  \-  a   ^rea;  ohiique  eircle.  culling  the   equator  at    .ingles  nf  2  ;  de|^rc.'s,   zg   minutcj. 


fcri'i  es  the  annual  I  oiiile  <'f  the  tartli,    niTtli  and  l!  iitii :    but    the  courle  •!  iIm-   planets  and 
grets  taftlitr  on  caih  l,':e;    wliiili  broad   j\irt  of  the  qihert  i-  1  ommonly  lall.d  ihe  Z  nii.it, 
itiii:;  that  V  Mtit  in  the  midtlie,   which  i->  ilivided  into   izligii-.,   laeh  toiUii 


iirec-  ;    the  V.d 

The  tharadti';  and  ;;ane.s  ol  th-.  lii!,ii^  .ik  tlui^ 


It  de- 

iIm-  planets  and  nio..n  lies  eight  de- 
tt.nt.imiiig  I  6  de- 
liiuiig  JO  dtgrtes 


(kWIMI  'I 


dmcfr     -'j 
Leo  51. 


TJbm 

Siorpio  "! 

Sii^ilLirius      } 


Capricorn      '« 
./'jiiarius       " 


f,      ' 


]';'■■  "  in  11; 


There  .lie  two  moie  (ireai  Ciri  K^  t.illed  /Vr/zirt/,  or  jizihiul/j  Circles.  Thele  are  p.ri.cnditular  to  the 
liori/.on,  and  pal-  through  thr  /.enith  and  nadir.  Mii  y  arc  not  drawn  on  the  (ilolie,  but  itpielenicd  liy  the 
quadiant  of  alti'uile,  ivhith  is  a  ver\-  thin  plate  ol  brai'-,  madeio  fi  rtw  on  the  /i  niili  i.f  any  phue,  and  to  rcatli 
the  horizon  ;  beii);;  .illo  divided  into  y :  dtgite  ,  lor  l:.king  the  .illitude  ot  the  lun  or  li  11-,  when  they  are  not  on 
the  ineiidi.m. 

The  Iv.licr  CircL-  aie  t  iur. 

Thi  twi)  7>£i/7'i-(  are  ti'.'le  .t  Can.  cr  and  Caprieom:  the  full  is  zjdi'greci,  2y  nnnules,  north  tiom  the 
equator',  and  the  other  r  the  l.unt  dillante  to  tiie  loutli.  (Jn  all  globes  and  maps  thc\  aie  known  by  a  double 
line. 


The 


)Br.. 


III.    I'l  Uh  Is,    ,\    . 

It'  1  'I  )  tlloi,'  nj;;..:  [i.iit  , 


-  Inl'p.'l   .1  .  I'm    .iilliiilt; 
I'f    111  .lifi;  1,  .,[   1';.UK-., 

i\\   on  ulii  li   tl  (•  wlinlj 

llii.-     \\.l,   ;i|C  i.lli.  ll  llic 

*.^1  iIk  Aicik,  anil  ihc 


ill.-  ni)r;li  a:;.!  foiKh 
IV,  .  I  here  ll. J  tll-lu^  ami 
riilian. 

•cr,  (ir  ill.-  vilihlo  (V'lni 
a  1  iitul  n  111, inner  wli  :i 
K-  /t  null  j.cint  ovc-r  ;hi; 
c  K  i!io;',al  1  |..ii/.oii  I-. 
iici\'  iipwaiiU;  wliicli  is 
'(■>l  1;  vual  iil'.c:-  cirj'j  . 
'uIml  ;  vaiii  ot'  v,  li;, !,  1, 
,  anouliM;;  t  1  (lie  (Jld 
Si\lc. 

^  :  it  in-,  (iliiaiy  north 
111,;  I'ltDjr  liy  ili.u  put  i,)i 
.  iidian,  i\  we  move  lalt 
1  the  GIdIic  ail.  ^4  Iciiii- 
iliy  IciiK-  oriL-  Mcriiliin, 
Vlaps  U'l  ihib  Cicuii.riplu  , 
1,1.  Ill  :i.1(ii1kt  liiiall  liiaU 
aurs  (ll  (lay  ami  night, 
IS  to  llu  w  the  rilin^f  and 
,0  t!cj;;rcts  ot'  latuiiiic  uic 


lit  liie  Iplifrc  into  four 
lie  lirll  ikt^uc  ol  Cmicr 
I  liliiic  at  the  higinnini; 
Us  aniuiaj  louik-,  p^lii-s 

Uiulci    llu    Suillk  C  Ci.hlll.-, 


•«,  :9  niiniitc3.  It  lie- 
aiiil  Mio.jn  lies  fight  de- 
icii,ic,  I  (■nt.iiniiig  16  dc- 
ii  loiuainiiiL;  30  d(.-y,r(.'cs 


orn     o 
us      ~ 


IV  p.TpciiilicuLir  to  the 
litit  ri.()Hl'jnicd  liy  the 
any  plan-,  a;id  to  reach 

IS,  v.iicn  thoy  aic  not  on 


liiiuitfs,  noitii  tiom  tlii; 
aic  known  by  a  double 

The 


A   CIUIDE    TO   fiF.OriRAPIIY.   he.  ^r,} 

Thotwo  rcmaininoiCircI.'i  arc  lljlllmilkr,  .ilkd  ihc  .7».'/(r  nr  J'ol.ir  Ci'iks.  The  North  Polo  Cirik- ii 
dill  iiu  2?  d.-nrcci,  .'(}  miiujtcs  trn;ii  the  Noiili  I'olf;  aii,l  ii',u  South  I'.do  CirJi.-  i-  cquiJiilant  tio:ii  the  S.  nth 
I'olc.     Tlitlc  Circles  hive  alio  doulilc  line  . 

The  Cirdinil  I'oin'-.  ar;  tlu' tonr  ii'iirtiTMit'th';  woild,  call,  wcl',  north,  ami  I'nith. 
Tlu'C 'Ihitcui!  I'.iinf  :\!e  the  priniipil  dlviiions  and  lu'odivilioii'  oi' i!i    I  jia  c!i  "i :  in  ill  ^2, 


The  '  M'h   I'.! ';•';' vi*" !  ni' 1  r'.ir  pi-t  .  l'-   th',- two  TiMn'cs  iiii!  th 
named  /oiijs.      I'^v,'  'IVinpeia;  ■,  two  I'Vicid.  and  the  Toirid  /one. 


I'  l,ir  Ci;...-.,  tliofe  Ihc  parts  ate 


The  North  l\-in;iti  "c  /.in.-  ii.ilndi'  all  the  1  ivl  luf  u-eii  tlie  Tr"]'it  ot'  Cancer  and  the  N'lilh  F'ule 
Circle;  and  the  ."south  l .  ,nper,U'.'  /one  indiidci  all  l-etwcen  the  Tropi'.  of  Caprieom  .v.v\  iiiu  South  I'olc 
Circl. . 

Tie  t'wi  Fiij',iii  /  nescotu  iinali  the  land  Iroiii  the  lu.i  I 'ol,ir  Circles  to  the  \^ry  ^ole^.  Tiiefe,  liy  the  anci- 
ent-, w  K  tlioii".ht  iinsnhaliilaiile  ;  lull  navinatcrs  Live  dih  ov.red  nii;i\  \\',  ll-ptnplcd  coniuri.s  within  the 
Ai''iic  Circle.  al;;io',l  rpiindilie  NoithroL-;  tlu,UL;h  nmie  as  yet  has  'itcn  dilcovertd  within  the  Ani.irciic,  or 
bciilh  lin^ul  Zone. 

The  T.  ;ii'!  /".>■•  MK  hides  all  the  I'pacc  iHtWjen  the  t\v  1  Tropin-,  the  lv|U.Jiir  \y:m<.  in  the  middle.  The 
\vh"li.  i~  til  i.i...  ■  1'  iiili.'niid,  il.ii  .ell!  II  li  s  Oil, ler  the  hill  annual  coiiile  o.  ih.  ir.n;  li)r  \.'iiii  li  rea'on  the  an- 
tieiiis  t!ioiij,ht  u  eiiuld  11  ;  he  pe  eile>l  lor  e.'ii.viue  heat,  an\'  more  than  the  l'.iJ,i  1  Z  me   tor  e.\tr-ine  cold. 

Tl.c  Te.np.er  iie  /'.  :i'-  iKii.iin,  in  I.itiiud  ,  e:ic!i  a  ^  d  grces,  2  niinutcs  lii  iir.'  thv  Ipacc  h.etwcen  each  Tropic 
and  the  Poled. I, .  Tl.e  lii;;id /one  cMLiin  e  eh  4'i  deijjiees,  ^'1  iniiv.ee  ;  tli.it  is  to  lay,  2  ;  dea;r.cs,  29 
iiiiniilis.  on  either  li  le  llu  P.ile:  and  the  Tu.i  ul  /one,  in  like  nianiic:,  '.on'a  iis  40  decrees  5,S  minu'is,  la- 
titude; that  IS,   .^ ',  debtee--,  2i>  iiiinui.'-,  on  eaJi  ful    the  tquaioi. 

Ol'   SHADOWS. 

T  I  I  I',  aic'-nt-  nil'  irinied  the  inh.'.iji;. ■.-.'. .  of  the  earth  accordine,  to  aIucIi  w.iy  the  S'.iadow^  of  ilielr  budicj 
weie  i.iit  bv  ill'  noon  id.  Ii;n. 

Pcrihii  aie  thofe  bevoiul  the  IMir  Circle',   wholl  bi.;:iy  Siiadov,' turn  round  every  24  liour^. 

UeUrrlu  are  th  -fe  people  in  ih.-  Teni;-  rile  /ones,  v,'  ole  noon  Shadow,  e^cr  fall  one  way  ;  the  North  1  eni- 
peiate  Zone  ihrowinj,  u  north,  and  the  South  Temperate  /.one  throwing  it  luuth. 

yfmrlunn  are  ih..;e  wlw  live  in  ihe  T.irid,  or  M  (Vile  Z  me.  Their  n  ion  Shadows  liili  diflerent  ways  at 
dillirnit'^e.lon-  lor  u  Ir  utlie  (on  o.ts  to  ih'j  lign  Cuuer,  i-eine;  the  North  I  ropu  ,  their  Sn.idows  tall  louth  ; 
and  whn  ih,|on  leiJi  sCip-icorn,  or  I'le  South  Tropic,  iheShui-ws  -'  North.  And  bec.aule,  twice  a 
yea',    tluir    bodie.    inikeno    lliade    at   .lil,   the    fun    pafilr.g  jull  o\er    tlieir   heads,  tht ;     ,ire   theretore   called 

/'••M  „/  i.  noni  -,;.  which  means  rcoi.l  akut  ;    and  ......  a  Skuhr,.     Ikh-n/a,  is  from  :.:;,<,  meaning  ce 

only,    and    .,...       Mtpi'.j.u   l^  Iroiu   ..;..  bi,lh  iv.iys.       And    ///./;    is    Irom    .,  and    .,x,.  ;    taat    is,  -xithout  a 

OK  sm'.vrioNs. 

Tl  li:  Pmcu  .vc  thole  people  wh  >  ^^c  in  the  lame  parallel,  have  the  fame  latitude  ami  kafons,  and  the  fame 
poleclevalvd  ;   but  luu.  opo.,nie  meiidian-,  and  coiilaiue.iiiy  oppolite  d.iys  uid  nuht-. 

The  //«/;■■«  ,are  thole  uh.h.ive  the  litn.c  meridian,  Ini.  opp.nite  pualf  U-,  e.,u,dinant  Ironi  the  Ec]nator. 
,1.  ,  con.raiv.ules.  Their  loneuode  is  the  liime.  :md  ( o:iKqo.  ntlv  .he  i,in,e  le:,.  ;h  ot  cljy  and  night ; 
Lttl.  .  h.iuconti.i.y  piles  , aid  icnoa  ;  and  when  n  i,s  noon  w  an  .e.,e,  a  is  roulniglu  with  .'le  othci. 

V«//f.  ;V<  ne  Inch  whofe  pai.all-l  :ind  nu  ridi,in  are  both  opp.ofite.  Thev  h  n  e  the  whole  globe  of  the  earth 
le;w!^rdu  ;!  ,n  hunetrud  ..ppohnon:  thev  have  con.rary  pole.  ele.Ued:  their  icet  are  d.rcCly  oppo.ite, 
and  conkiiuciuly  then  lught-  and  d.i's,  \Mnter.ii:d  U.niinei. 

OF   LA  IllTDl.   AM)  LONCiirrDK. 

,    ■  I,.,.       ,„i„.,.,.||i    ,  iliil,,!  I'lis  o   tlie  laili  iclicle,  IS  more  particularly  callea 

tiK  Pole  ;   uhuhd.ll.inrehenuv  but  9,  degrees  ca.h.  „o  Lu luide  . an  e.^.cul  thamun.lui. 


!► 
¥{ 


I 


f 


h  '  n 


9C4 


A  GUIDE  TO  GEOGRAPHY.  .V 


pviMtioii.  AccorJinp,ly  -ill  :1c  "1.!  tuipi begin  th  ;r  K.ill  I.ongittnlc  froi"  Tcncnril- ;  ami.  hccaufe  then  onlv  one 
(vie  ot  ilu- ^IoIk  was  known,  tlu' iU|;rec- wen- unly  I^^o:  I'ul  liuvc  ilic  lilatvtty '>»  Amfti.i,  tlitv  ,iu- t»rrie>i 
qiiiic  uiiinil  to  ",60.  Till'*  imMliul  \s  i«  .i!w.iys  ilKcnuil,  ami  Tin.  ritlcro  koiiai  a  poml  llin'linjj  in.ndi.m,  till 
tiu  Kictuli,  wlv)  tiWv  notliini;  which  ihty  thcniliixc  ilo  not  invent,  tloiulit  |)io|ki  t.>  alu'r  it,  and  m.ikc  the 
Ifland  Karo  thfu  nt«  nu-inh.»n,  whitli,  liv  late  olMervjtions  li(•^  |iill  two  Jc^ic.  ^  more  s,  il.  VVht-iclorc,  t  > 
prtviiit  coiituli'Mi.  our  ni>Hkin  ( ii- 'UMphiT-..  .iiul  ili'hneatois  i.t  iiui",  mvkr  the  iiiciroiioin  ol' flie;r  .  wn  mtion 
the  tirlt  real  Mieiuli.in;  am!.  i;i  ilin  cati',  I  .oni;itiu!>- is  two-tolJ.  Ikih^.  Irom  l.jml  .'ii,  ci  licr  well  ur  lalk  i  a^ 
M  ','ra  it  isii'mpni  vl  lioni  loiiic  kiu  an  |H>rt  » r  lit.ui-l.iiAi. 

Th.'  l.onAi'ii'lc  "'  •■ly  r'-''*"  ''*''"  I'<"'^1  ''^  litin^',  kiiinsn,  ilic  (hiliieni-  in  iln  hiMir  o'  t'io  ilu  i-  alio  kiriwn. 
l-'or  a>  the  iuii  ^l.•It,■lln^  In-  liinrnaUiivir.t  in  :4  h>ni!s,  he  j;a;ii»  m  i.i  h  Ikhii  1;  ilciie-,  b  i  ■■,  i  t'.vuilv- 
toiirth  pirt  •  !  ;6j,  or  cne  tie'.',ii  e  in  lour  mmiite*.  .Sn  ilut  .t(  .iir.  pluc  i,  iUj;;ie<  eall  o;  u  ,  niun  ;-  .111  iijur 
K))n^r  \Mth  them,  a>  ;t  !■  an  hour  later  with  thole  who  live  15  dei;iec-  w  ll  lioin  us.  'I  he  town  ot  I'tniSii.ke, 
ill  Wale^,  I'eiii'i  tivc  iU';rres  w^ll  ot  Ijunlin.  then  no  in  ^  th.ietou-  :o  tiiiiiut.-  Ii!cr.  It  a  i.loi  k,  "r  .itiy  tune- 
nicio.  (.oulil  he  to  niailc  as  to  t;o  ei|ual  ami  trui'  at   :in\  lealon,  or  ilillan.  c,  tin.- thcorv  cit   L, 'ii^jitinle  at   lea 


Lalllv,  Though  all  vlegre.s  t  I  .atituile  are  ctinai  in  kngth,  vet  decree*  o(  Lonnituile  vary  in  every  new 
p\ralkl  ot'  Latiuule :  tor  all  the  iminhaii  lines  nieaing  and  iniciiec:tmg  ea  h  oth.r  at  the  pol  •,  the  degree,  ot 
Loniiitude  do  iiaiurallv  diminill'  a  they  pioteed  either  way  Irom  the  I'.qn.itor.  The  hell  explanation  ojwhieh 
i&  aa  orani;e  wr.h  the  peel  Ibipp-d  otl';  where  the  natural  partitions  not  only  relenilile,  hut  are  truely  the  mui- 
dians  ofa  Gl  'he,  eioiVmg  ea.  h  oilur  at  the  top  and  bottom  :  where.is,  .1  the  oran>^;e  i'  cut  in  lliec.  the  coair.iry 
way,  thedivilKinsarc  parallel,  and  the  ilegiec^  ot' L.uitude  all  iqu.d. 

The  t'olliwm'T  Table  llitu  ■  ho.v  the  degree  otT.ongitude  diininilh  tliroi 
reckoning  o;  parts,  or  ini'u-,   tor  ,1  deijtcc  at  ih.-  Lnuator. 


Hit  .ill  the  p.irallel'  of  Latitude  , 


J 


■n 


i !  mi 


|i 


a4  T  A  B  L  F„  p.y  King   //'.•  ?su»ilnr  of  M/ItS  cofh'diiuJ  ;/:  </  DigfW  of  Lor.ghial  ., 
:>:  aich  ParoHcl  of  LiUitudi:  frm.'t  the  F.-jutU'if. 


Hi  tire     )l 


,f  1  M,  f 


I  1 

.^9 

90   1 

2 

.:i) 

04   1 

^ 

.^'' 

02   1 

4   i 

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S6 

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"7 
^7 

7   1 

.s'> 

5 'J 

8 

5^ 

40 

9   . 

."'^ 

20 

10   i 

s9 

c8 

1 1 

"<;« 

8.,   . 

12 

;S 

08   i 

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\s 

46 

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li 

58 

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\<i 

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60 

•7   ' 

57 

33 

18 

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-  1 

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til 

l■■^ 

5  + 

3  a 

20 

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20 

53 

CO 

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5' 

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3'-' 

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1  .I'TU**' 

Mac> 

3' 

51 

3i   1 

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3^ 

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49 

35 

49 

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.1  , 

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39 

4^^ 

40 

4'' 

41 

4-; 

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43 

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43 

4; 

4i 

4" 

4' 

4: 

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(18 
00 
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3" 
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00 
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18 

5.n 

73 

'7 

V4 

:+ 

:  '" 

.v^ 

> 

1 .; 

;  2 

-(> 

'  + 

51 

i.^ 

;3 

7^ 

12 

48 

79 

:     " 

4^ 

80 

1 0 

42 

J , 

Cn) 

•8 

V  ^ 

c8 

>  1 

H^ 

1    07 

",2 

■■>  a 

C!p 

'.•8 

"' 

03 

2 ; 

80 

r'  j_ 

18 

.-»  ' 

c;, 

14 

>-jS 

C2 

09 

;  ) 

01 

03 

J 

CO 

CO 

A  r  A  li  1. 1-. 


li,  hcciufc  then  (inlv  or.e 
tiKti,.!,  tlicv  .110  c»rrie>t 
il  inliiy,  m  r.di.id,  till 
u".-i  ii,  anil  iti,ikc  (he 
c  \  I'l.  Wlificlon-,  !•; 
'.  1 .  ot  tlicT  1  wii  n  ition 
01  liti  well  ur  tilk  1    a> 


t':.o  il:i\  I'  airo  kirnvii. 
■HO  ,    l>  I    ;',    I    twiiilv  - 

It  o:  11  ,  iv)un  ;-  .III  lv.)!ir 

I  ho  iDwn  ot  Pcinliii.ko, 

II  .1  iloi  k.  "f  .,:iy  t;iiK- 
ir\  tit  I. 'li^;itin.lc  at  Ic.l 
a\t'  Kinttntcil  tl.imtolvii 
s  arc  exactly  kno*ii  with 
0  anliii'^  U-iiu  ttiol'o  tiiiu-i 
upiuiV  Mjoii^,    anil  ilie 

will  cJi,  It)  il.oit  iiitn. 


tiimdo  vary  in  evciy  now 

tin-  iml  ■,  the  df^rcL',  ut 

Ltll  oxplinaf.in  ot  \\liich 

,  liut  arc  trutly  liio  mui- 

cut  ui  lliof'  ilif  ooatr.iry 


tho  ^'arallfl'  of  Latiiudc  -, 


<nw  of  Lor.intticl:  \ 


'a 
''4 


70 


Si 


Ml. 
2S 


-4 


21 

'7 
1^ 

1 ; 

I  + 
I,; 

I I 

1  : 

I  J 

Cm; 

cS 
c<> 

05 

r*  1 
•    r 

C, 

Ci 

01 

CO 


■-4 

'7 

•!4 

;2 

41 
4.S 
4S 

.■;i 

.^4 

!>4 

>' 

4S 

4^ 
4-i 


;8 
2  ; 

14 
09 

CD 


A  <.Uli;l.    10  t.LuCRAl'lIY,  .Vt. 


^5 


y/  T  A  r>  L  1'.,  //j.u:'//^  in  zcluit  C/ii/uih'  any  Coniitiy  /.rr,  [uppnfiiit  tie 
L'H'^ih  of  //),  yji^',  iiHil  the  Dijhincc  nj  Place  ftoni  the  E'iuuio>\  lo  be 
hujicn. 


\h 


M      i 


I.  ■  „  i>  I) I.. 
H.        M. 


N  inu-t  .  t    C  ' 


I'll.. 


.Cy     CI.MMl.-     Nu.llt    „|    ll.t 


I.  \\  iiluii  t.io  lull  climate  lio  tho  fioKI  and  Silver  Cualt,  m  Ai  icaj 

Malact-a,  in  the  I'.all-lndios;  Cayenne  and   Surinam,    in  Terra 
I'irnia,  Snutii  Amerioa. 

II.  1  Ici.' ho  Ahyliinia,  in  Afri'.a;  Siam.  Mulial'-,  aiui  Pondi.  herrv, 

in  the  I'.a!l.liidi        '  "  '  " ' 

Amorlra;    Toliag 


Sir.iii'.  ot    Darioii,  hoiweeii  N^riliaiul  South 
.u,  (iran.idcs,   Si.  Vin'cnt,  ami   H.irbadoo',  in 


the  Well  I 


lull  s. 


j3  !     7     ^i      '3     j^) 


III.  Contain''  Mioca,  in  Arahia;  R- 


Mllh.l"',  |\U 


t.ir 


lonual,  in  the 


Kall-I 


Indi.s;  Canton,  in  China;  M.  xuo,  IJiyi.t  Caiii])cachy,  in  Nuitli 
Amrioaj  Jamai.a,  Hilpan;  ila,  St.  Chrilh'lllul^,  Antigua,  M. 
tinuo,  am 


V>       2.i  6 


;o     .iS   ,     0 


8      .;.;     01 


<;     5^ 


1 1 

1 2 


K) 

•  7 
i3 

2  ) 
2  I 
22 
^  \ 
•^4 


2S 
20 


^'' 

.^« 
V) 
C.l 
(12 

".? 

''4 

'Vi 

'V-i 
ii'i 

111) 

(id 

(I'l 

(!■- 
(1,1 

7S 
-S 
,S4 
i/j 


.'7 

20 

v'"' 
I.S 


0^1 

4'; 
2  I 

47 

o() 


2  I 


JT         '4 

K       '4     ja 


i4  i    '5 


I 

-9 ;  '7 

10   .    17      '^^ 
3  - 

-*^  I 


IV.  K^ 


I  <;uadaloii|)C,  iiiiho  WelMndies. 


,vpt,  aiut  t!io  Canary 


Ulam 


Alrica;  Delli,  oanitai  <.('  tiu 


Mo^'jUl  I'.iiipirc,  in  Alia ;  Cnil[)h  of  M.xioo,  anil  l. ill-Moiida. 
in  Noiili  ;\iner.iai  the  H:'.va:in:ih,  in  liie  Well-lndi.";. 

V.  (jihrahar,  in  Spain;  part  of  tho  isleditaranoan  Sea;  tho  B.u liar) 
Coall,  in  Atrioaj  Krula'.em;  Ifpahaii,  cajiiial  ot  I'orlii;  Nan- 
king,, in  China-,  Calit'^rnia,  N^w  .Me.Kioo,  Well  liuiida,  U.or^^ia, 
ami  the  Carolina'^,  in  Nutli  Aniorioa. 

VI.  Liihoii,  inl'oriuga!;  Madrid,  in  Spain-,  Minoroa,  Sardinia,  a-.d 
part  111  (iteeoe,  111   ilie  Moilite:ranoan -,  Alia  Minor,  p.irt  ol  il 


Call 


Samairai 


.It  Tartarv 


I'oki 


Chi 


Coroa  and  Japan;  \Vilhaiull)urg,li,  in  Virginia-,  Maryland 


i'hiladelphia,  in  North  Altierioa. 
VII.  Norihorii  \'rovinocs  of  Spain;  S.nnlioin  diito  ot   1" 


1  linn 


ienoi,  and  Rom 


I 


111  Turkey  ;   tlie  Calpiaii 


Italy;  Coiilhi:,ii;u)plo,  and  iho  B'a>  k  S.-a. 


Soa, 


.lit  ot  Tartarv  ;  New  Yo:k, 


B'lllon,  in  New  llnjiland.  North  Aineiiea. 


\'|II.  P.iris  Vionna,  capital  ol'  (iorinany;  New  Sootland,  Newfound 


land. 


1  Can.ida,  in  North  Ainerio.i. 


IX.  London,     l-'landers,     rr.ii;uo,    Uradon;    Cr.icow,    in    I'oland 
I'roviii  OS  of  Ruflla;  part  of  'I'artary  ;  noiih  p.irc  ot 


oiithorn 
s'ewfoiini 


.Hand. 


X.  Diihlm,  York,  Holland,    Hanovor;  Warfaw,  in  I'oland ;  I.abra 


dore,  .nn.d  New  South  Wales, 


North  ,'\i 


.    iiS 

I  .;0    ; 
23          '9 

;-         20  I 

44  '   -3  P  \ 

4.^ ;  ^'  i 

;-       *'  .5°  ' 


XI.  Kdinhur;j,li,  Coponh.iLien  ;   Miifoow,  cajtiial  "t  Kuflia. 

XII.  Soiiih  part  of  Sweden;  Toboliki,  capiial  ol  Sil  eria. 

XIII.  Oiknoylll.s;  Stockholn;,  oapiuil  of  Swede 

XIV.  Beraon',  in  Norway  ;  I'oteilhnu'Ji,  in 
X\.  II 
XVI.  s 


Rulli 


u  '.'.on  -^ 
iihoria,  am 


Stiaits,  North  Ainorica. 


X\'ll.  Drontheini,  111  Norwav. 


Ithe  foiith  part  of  Well  Grocnland. 


X\'lll.  I'art  of  l-inland,  in 


RulTi.i 


XIX,  Arcliaiigol,  on  the  Willie  Soa,   Rullia. 

XX.  1-Icila,  in  Loland. 


"9 
'4 


P  I  XXI.  Northern  \ 


larts  of  RulTia  and  Siluii 


^'  \  ^3   :■< 

I    Month 

1  Mmths 
;  Months 
4  Months 
^  Months 
(>   Months 


XXII.  Now  North  \V.des,  in  North  Anion. a, 
^  I   XX 11 1.  DavlVs  Straits  inditio. 
i  XXIV.  Samoiida. 


XXV.  South  pan  of  Lapl.uid. 

XXVI.  Well  (.retnland. 
XX\'1I.  /oiubla  Aulhalii, 
XXVIU.  /emIilaBoroali 


X.XIX.  Spitlhcr^ei 
XXX.  I'nkno'.v.i. 


■  liiil  C 


ivX-nland 


No 


M 


'III 


1: 


.\  r  .\  B  I.  r. 


ibi) 


A  f.rinr.  to  cronRAiMiv,  fn 


THE    SOLAR    SYSTEM.^^^ 


TO   c-yphim   the    tlilpolition    o 


f  till-    live 


lal    ll.U"t^  ot 


iIk-  (niivirli;,    and    ilcmonnrati-  i 


R-   n.iturc   (.('  (he 


avi-nl\  nuiiion--  v  iili  iclp.ct  to  caili  ctlici-,  and  tc  the  i.artli,  it  is  iKccliaiy  t.i   umKiilind  tlic   Syjifm  of  tit- 


er i 


S^'WT.il  S\,'}(ws  li.ivc,  :u  yaiunis  times  Iiccn  rormal  vhicfly  t'lom  umiccliiir;  hut    the 


)nilliinG;  ininrovc- 


niciits  m  .■.itroiinn 


ly,  iv.adi.- '11  l.ucr  agis,  liavc  fxplodcd  cri'inc<nis  luiipolitioiis;  iind  cxpi.'ricmo,  alfilUd 


V  c\- 


1 


[iiriiiiint,   li 


aw,  .It  !  iii:tli,  tixid,  on  a  pti 


nt  b.il'f-,  tlic  onl\  tiiK-S^lk'n 


a,  lalUd  I 


iif  Sclar  .Vv//(-;«. 


This  adniiral'lc  l-MU-i-.i 


,as  iiivcini.d   In-  Ci'pLTiiiciis,  a  I'rnllian,  and  alica wauls  tullv  d()monlirati.d  and  c\- 


j)!ai;K-d  by  Ux  incoiiiparablc  Sir  liaai.  Ntwioii,  who  c 


Icaii 


V  ckitidati-d  ilic  lra;:ii!)nv  •    the  univirlc 


^\'lK•|■e  order  in  varltlv  wo  Uc; 
Aii.Iuhvr^,  iho' allth.in'.'s  ditrtf,  all  at-rce. 


Tii'?  S-ik-in  ci-nlifl'-orihe  Sun  m  ilie  t.  liter,  and  tlic  Plamf- and  ("onKf^  !r.,n  mp  alout  it, 


Tile  I'ia'.Kt'i  aicvail  bodi' s. 
lliii.c  nuieb  b\  ielk\'iin^  liie  li 


iiiih,  to  lis  aiMxai  likeiiai-;   nut  that  tin'   iia\t  a;i\  h^''.:t  1:1  tlicM; 


lit  oi  the  lull. 


api 


but 


1  he  V 


'•   I'.aeh  ri.aui,  (liining  in  hi-  I'ropci  Ipheir, 
"   Dn.s,  with  lud  Ipced,  his  railiant  voyaj^e  llecr 
iih  dificrciii  hillrc  erown'i 


I- 


iJi  ices  lll^  lamp  w 


,:iows  Ins  i( 


iirle  with  .liRcrciii  periods  boiindi 


"  Nor  hall^ 


i  I, is  pallilgc  thiougli  the  liquKt  !pat 


n- ,   nor  -e 


tards,  liis  neiuhbwurs'    ,uc. 


Now  Ibinc  tlKlel'lancts  with  riibdv"--!  ravs^ 


illrcgild  their  iiical'irM  d.ay 
111 


I)o'.  s  innate  hi 

No;  but  ihev  ^\o,  as  i-  b\'  lyllem  llicwn 
I)ut  fcriive  beams  and  o\o\\\   no!  thirnwii 
All  leivantsto  that  louue  of  light,  tlie  Sun." 


'.n.  I    are  c 


th.'r  r, 


Siccndnrs 


ll.e  !'r:mar\   PLrvets  .i.elix  ui  number,  vi/., 


Mc 


Tv.itl 

Mai 


! 


Jii;  !tir, 
S.i;urn. 


'1      I 


iLd  V 


riniaiv 


I 


et--,  becaule  llu 


V  move  roiiiHl  the  Sun;  and  the  oilier  I'Linet?  are  tailed  Sceond- 


!e\'  nioxc  rouiii. 


,1  the  rnmaiv  I'lanets. 


'1  ii.  S 


ci  mviaiv 


1  mi  1^  ..le  ten  in  niinilx 


T,  and  ''o  under  tl-.e  general  name  ^  t  Mociu:  of  thele  aw  niovcs  round 


I'  e  / 


't^ifcr,  :\iv 


fn-e 


Saturn. 


Wii'uiiua  to  CC'«i-.r,  ii  I- u:uverlal!y  aarecil,  that    tlicy 
■;iip;:.al 


nci'.fe  bodies,  revolving  about   the  fun  in 


i;.c 


Th-ir  jKnoeKal  tmus  are  equally  eonllant,  ceitam,  and  legular,  as  thole  ol  the  riaiii-ts ;   Inic 
!;(•>  ih-,mli.lve-  are  abundantly  more  deiiic,  as  they  pals  ihrou-j,h  s^reater  extreMUs  ot  heat  and  euld,  with- 


anv  'enUDle  ii'miinui  :i. 

il  Cornet-  are  Snlitie-,  witli  iarac 


1 


atmolnh 


leres  lurroiinumi 


'them.     T 


I  tiu  ir  n^aicll  ai  c.  Is  to  t!ie  I 


un. 


iuai  emitted  theu;iom,arc  To  nnu  h  rariiied,;is  u;  be  ainindaiitlv  lightu  ihanihe  Urn's  atmojpliei 


'.nti  nie 

itndeel  i:;to  Ion 
.1  tl 


ta,!s  diiminillu   .  .id  tlieir  atnu'lpl 


g  'uiid  l.uis,  towards  thole  jiarts  oppofite  tlu  Ion 


iKies  ir.  'eale  ;;iai 


.>\s  Comet',  reee.le  from  the  lun,   their 
lu.db  ,   until  t''es'  apjvo  n  h  i!ie  I'leaiell  ditlanee  liom  llie  lun. 


!i  il.e.r  ti:l' are  I  oii'.r.ieted  intoeiri  umanibi  11 


t  atmol  'hen 


W 


nil  iiiiiiO  to  moiion.Loniet-  am 


Cc 


.  .\    ;hi    v'.itt  reiu  e 


ill  l':aiKts  move  from  ealttowell  in  ti.e  plane  ot  'IxeehiHie,  ami 


Ini:  C":!ut  ,   in  their  v- 


1 

r\  elliiaiea 


111  ijibil  -  ne.u  v.  i  in  ul.u 


il  orbit',  tiaverlc  the  Lompats  in  all  dir.eiioiis,   (the  plane  ot   ihc  ecliptic  ex 


tl ;  ted 


.lit. 


that  111   a   ir.aiiner  to   wondcrlul,  as    not  to   r\ 


itvrfere  in  the  oieat  -  ol 


I  ..en  I  llier. 


Si 


uperiiilioii 


■1    tl 


ie;n    as  omiiiou-,  an 


1   tl 


IC    NUltl'.u 


hippoleit   tiiev    we 


re   cert.'iiii    lorerun:;-ri   ei!    lome  tremendou 


Thus  tiiril  h  in  .lir  the  C'  in 


'-    ;\iul  Ih  oi  ni.ilignaiu  '^ih  an  s  from  pole  to  pok 


'Tweei.  worlds  anil  woi  I 
Shake-  the  blue  pla^^u- , 


Il  t \  1110 


ive,  Jiid,  horn  ihuraii 


the  1  elbkiiie,  and  wa: 


S  U  N. 


TUi.  Sun,  f.'.aatcd  in  the  cenire  of  the  univerle,  i  the  fountain  of  light,  the  (ource  ol  the  kalons,  th? 
laiile  ol  thi  \ie.Hiui'les  ol  d.ay  and  night,  the  par'-nt  ot  veget.ition,  and  the  Iriend  ol  man.  It  is  a  j)iodi.i;ioiis 
f  odv  of  intt  ■  .e  h.  at,  .md  amazing  illiimmatioii.  In  liiie,  when  we  vi-.w  the  .Sua  we  beliohLi  ;,lobe  ot  h.pi'd 
liie,' wlv'lt  di  i.-.iei  is  eiiua!  to  100  diatiuter-^  .if  the  i  .irlli  ;  the  thiiknels  being  79  ;,-:  - -J  mik-  .  Il  liilht'eis 
iisV;,  lim  s  1  ._■_:  1- than  the  earth,  and  its  lolidity  i.ocj.coo  greater;  thai  is,  the  luila  e  1  the  Iqu.ir.  of  ih- 
ihiL-.nef  ,,  and  tiuloiuli'y  its  tube. 


•  Tia'.i.'ll  tae  \»w  •(iiii;ui  Syrteiii  fci-n;s  t.i  .lillci,  in  l.iinr  i<-f|)ca..   Irntii  llie  laiiiiliU  ol  the  C'rt-ati.  n  liy  .Muds,   \i't  I'oili  ,iil-  tiur, 
nil  1  tl.-  \.!  !  a;   a  i   un\\  i.i  |).iini  nl  cxiiu  ll.-.ii.    M.ilts  :il!inU'  in  ili<  Mii.ainii  nl  (lie  luii  nuiii'l  il'.cv*n  jM-.ttJin  li  lunif  li.ni-  miil.iktii 
(■„..-.  omi,  •      iiclIiii'e.MUi.      liiU  U  111. M. la  !.,-ii-i,illiilr.|,  lli.it  M„lc  ,  li.i.l  .in  i'MiuLmt  iiml  l\ill-i»  .  ki.l  iiiojilr  I.i  .li.il  uilli;   m  > '^i 
<■      ■■■.■:■■.:  .    1.  •  ukril  n.  :i  ;V»f.-.-//.  ii'it  a    a /'/(/!,//''i',    Mi.l  »  illiiil  l.i  if.iKe  llicin  ^-o.*^,   nul /lar'ifj  .   lit;  iln  leluie  ijsiil.LCil  ii.J 

t    ■  t  .,  .'!!-'  'las    tu  liic  iiiu  t  lailiitilute  il-.aici  ol  liu  lunLliDii  <»  ,1  ulunoii.  I..n\  ;-tvtr. 

''  "1  he 


lintc  the   nnturc   of  the 
tiii.inil  the  Syjhm  cj the 

:c  :'.:;. )nilhiiifT  inipiovc- 
\|xrittKc,  adillal  I  y  ex- 
ill-  !^olar  Syficm. 
1\  >!"nionitr,Ui\l  ami  c\- 


out  It. 


.:i  iliciiiliKc^,  but 


urn. 

I'l.imts  arc  tailci.!  Sccoiul- 

of  thclc  cm  iii..vcs:otiiiJ 

volving  alimit  the-  Cun  in 
tholi'  (il  the  I'laiifis;  hut 
■•  ot  li^ai  ami  i^KI,  uitli- 

nvarcll  ai  t\  Is  to  t!ic  lun, 
hail  iLc  lull'-  .uiii>(phcri', 
■cc.lc  Iroiii  the  lun,  ilicir 
.•tl  ililhuKi-  liom  till-  lun, 
uion, Cornet^  ami  I'l.iiicts 
111  ijr|iii>  iK-aih  mmlar ; 
I">laiK-  lit  tin.'  tchjiiic  cx- 
■  ■■c'w  I'lhur.  Sii[K'illiii.in 
r^   o!    I'^HK'  [ri.';n!-'niloi.:s 


A    f,ri[)F,   TO    r;r.Of;R,j'H  V,    ?c.. 


967 


.1 


'•  Thi- Sun,  \\\\  lolls  III- licamy  ori's  on  Li;.'li, 

'•  i'liih' ul  the  woild,  aml;!,l.)iy  of  tlK'  Iky," 

"  llUillnoiis  in  his  c(iurli,   in  l>riglit  array, 

"  M,u-i  lies  alonir  \\\:  heav'iii,  ami  llatitis  day 

"  O'er  cirih,  ami  o'tr  tlr.-  main,  ami  ihc  ethereal  v 

"  1  Ic  in  the  moin  rcn'.'ws  his  raeliant  round, 

'•'■  And  warms  the  fragrant  liofoni  of  the  ground  ; 

'*  Rii:,  tr,' the  noon  o' liny,  in  liry  ;;lcanis, 

"  He  (laif,  the  olory  of  his  I  la/iiu'  beams. 

'•  liiiieaih  the  liuinin^'.s  o;  hi^-  lulirv  t'y, 

*'  Earth,  to  her  (.enter  iiuie'd,  adlllit^  the  iLu  ." 

M  K  R  C  U  R  Y. 

Till',  riaiki  Me:\  iirv  is  ahoui  iv/o-ihirds  of  the  eirth'.  ina;},nitudc,  being  2700  miles  in  di'.nieicr.  ili-.  dil- 
tance  In  in  ilic  earth  is  !-iy,ooo,oco  of  mile'-,  nnd  from  thcfiin  32,000,000  of  miles  His  levukition  rcuii:'!  tb.c 
lun  IS  m.idi.  1:1  ,1  litilc  more  than  SS  days,  with  tlie  veloeitv  of  iod,ooo  miles  in  an  hour,  wiiicli  in  almoll  as  I'wii'. 
aj;-.i:!  ;^  the  e.iilli  travels;  for  we  only  >^i)  s'.co-)  miles  in  the  fame  fpace.  The  heat  of  the  fun  in  thi'  I'lam  1 
is  loiiieil'.in^  niorr  than  ieven  times  greater  tlian  the  heal  of  the  lioitell  part  of  the  earth  in  the  luoll  lulirv  lumnier, 
whieii  is  lulfitient  to  make  water  boil. 

"  Mei   ury,  neareO  to  the  central  Sun, 

"  l)oe^,  i;i  his  lival  orbit,  cirelinii  run  ; 

"  15iit  fel  I  ini  1-  tlieobiecl  of  our  light, 

"  In  It^lai  j^^lory  luiik,  and  more  jirevailing  li<j,lil." 

V  E  N  U  S. 

Tl  \\l  I'lanei  \  cnvs  app.ars  to  the  i'\c  to  be  tlie  b:i!i;hieil  of  all  ll'.e  I'lanet-  :  and,  from  ih  fup.rior  h.ifhc,  it 
ranno;  be  mi'.tak-n  tiir  any  o!  iIkui.  The  tliilaneeoi  \'enus  tVointiie  fun  is  iio,03c,ooj  of  nnle*^ :  henv\  oiu'.i  ii 
lound  the  lun  i-  |vr'oinu'.!  in  liiile  more  than  ii^  ela\^,  and  her  motion  in  an  hour  is  -o,o;o  nfile-.  I'to'ii  ih.e 
uneonunon  bii^^luncl-  ot  dn-  I'laiiei,  the  poet^  ha-.e  made  it  ;lie(iodeleS  ot  li.auix', 

Sheluni'd,  and  made  appear 


I  Icr  neik  letulgviii,  and  dillKVel'd  liiir; 

W'Ineh,   llowing  on  her  llioti'der  ,  rcai  !i'd  the  in'ound, 

And  sv   le.v  Ipread  lunbiolial  leeni    arovnid  : 

In  length  of  iiain  d.f.end.s  her  fweipinj;  i:own; 

And  by  her  ^rateUil  walk  ihef^ieen  of  Love  .-  known." 


]•  A  R 1'  r  I. 


TIlI'E.n.li  lorms  its  rcvohition   roun 
make-  w'  a;  we  leriii  a  year.     Tlie  F.aiih 
8i,';ot>.  "CO  (.f  niil.s.     'I'lic  line  wliieh  ihi- 


!  l!;e  fin  in  V"-  t'-vs,  ;  houis,  ani.i  41)  minutes,  uhieh  rcvolmi'in 
■s  near  S,^,o-o  iniles  in  diamet:  r,  a'ld  dili.int  Imm  the  fun  about 
I'lanet  defeiibes  in  its  annual  motion  is  tailed  the  Eeliptie,  throu;T!i 


WllUll     It     i'lOi 

ditl 


tro!ii  weil   t"  e:' 


a'  e.)riiin<r  to  the  iign 


5  of  tile  '// 


iilia. 


d  It  1-.  this  motion  wlncli  caules 


(he  ditleivnl   :ia:ons  ot    Iprnv 
tluile  lealon?. 


tuinm;  r,  a'.u-.nin,  ami  v,  inter,  and  ot   the  various  lengths  ot  days  and  nights  in 


•Idie  1-. 


nil.   in  p.'.lliPt:  tlirovi-;h  the  (>  iiP!:e, 


ilwav 


ceps  it^  a 


lane  ol  t';e  eelipiu 


jn.  h:i  li  10  II  e  p 
The  peaiini  ■ 
and  ni-i.i  mih.  )!e  part-,  whieli  are  tumn 


\\\\w\\  I-  '2^  degree-  ami  .1  n 


lalf. 


.is  in  a  lituation  parallel  to  iil'eif,  ami  '-nually 


rtli  loiiiul  ;is  own  axi-,  ni 


akcs  it  day  in  thole  parts  which  arc  turned 


.i  toward-,  tile  ll 


Iroiii  the  lun. 


W  hile  ill.  biejii  r.idiaii;  fun  in  I'entre  '.dow= 
'1  he  I'.arih,  in  annual  moii.'ii,  round  it  goes 
At  the  tame  time  on  ii-  vwn  axis  reels, 
And  give   us  ih  nnv  ol  tealons  ,is  it  w 


heels 


lie 
II 


li 
eiice  we 


;li  s  we 


e  in  v.ui'us  orue 


r  1)1  i 


are  bled  uitli  chan;.',e<if  day  and  night. 

M  A  R  S. 


urce  ot  the  U.ilons,  tli? 
I. an.  It  Is  a  inodigious 
lielh.ld  a  ;,lobe  of  li.pnd 
);o  mile  .  It'.  I  ullage  is 
III  e  I    the  hjuar^  >A  if- 


\'\  .Mull  ~,  Ml  li,,;h  .III-  tl  ur, 
I-.  u  iiii  II  loiiu  ti.u  r  lUMl.ikt:! 
[)i  njilt-  III  lU.ll  will);  in  i  fiD- 
.   Ii'j  iIkkIuu-  iui.i  iI.llJ  11. J- 

•'  The 


MARS  ;    liiiiaicd  next  .ibovc  the  earth  in  the  l\ttcm  o 


.He 


Mil 


le  iinuerle. 


lis  eourie  bein 


SI  in  the  interval  betweci 


tl 


le  <Mhit  o' 


I  lupii.  r  \'M  that  o 


I  the  Faiili,  but  vcrv  >liltaiu  Irom 


esetiiteil 


has  le;-  hillre  than  am  other 


,■  lla 


tl  .ippi 


)f  a  diilliN  red 


It  IS  tlie  le 
lue.     M 


all  ol  all  the 


lanets, 


M 


ertur\ 


Mars  IS  eonlklerablv  lets  tlian 


Iviitl 


itsthanieter  1  emi! 


'nlv  .H 


1  'line 


s.     Ill--  tliilance  h'oin  t!ie  lun  is  1  :._;,ooo,,~oo  ot  irile- 


abi.e.t  tint  eentraiiuiuin.irvin  n^;  d.iys,  proeeeding  at  tlr-r.iteot  45,000  miles  in  an  Hour 


[ 


.uul  he  revoke 
roni  the  fuigu!:ili\ 


appe 


this  I'iiivi,  the  aneieiit  p  let^,  in 


their  lables,  deemed  it  tlieCiodu 


\Vi 


Thu-  on  ilie  bank--  of  Hebrus"  Ire  zing  Hood, 
The  ( lod,  ol  li.nile-,  in  ins  aiigrv  mood, 
Clalliiiig  hi-  Iword  againll  Insiua/en  lliiJil. 


I, CI 

Hei; 


lie  Ihc  reign- 


and  leouis  along  the  field. 


le  ill.  wim 


1  his  liiv  I  oiirler- 


(jro.iiis  t 


hefide.mh,  r.f.iumi-.  t!ie  latling  lk\. 


'•  //■)-.;.' Zi,  'I\rrw,  'hwijott,  iuniiilt. 


I).' 


Dire  l.tee-,  amideiorm'd.  Ii  'miii.d  tii'- cu-, 
l-r;end.  of  the  Ood,  and  ■'  no.veis  ol  tiie  war. 


]i  riTi.R 


I 


A  GUIDE  TO  GEOr,  RAPHY,  fee. 


J  u  p    r  E  R. 


ii:- 


Tl'PlTER  i-^  the  lurgcft  of  all  tin-  Pl.iiiuv,  but  bcmi;  very  remote  Irom  ilic  Snii,  would  I.  ;ircc  i-iiioy  niiy 
iii'i-t.  h.ul  not  the  -^re.U  Aiulioi'  of  N.itiirc  pioviiled  it  with  lour  .noons  or  r.itelliies  which  rcv'lve  round  it  in 

iliiUrent  orbit-.  ,     ,  .       . 

The  di;inutcr  »(  Inpitcr  i^  uinv.\rds  of  80,000  niiks  and  the  nwls  ot  m;\tier  it  ^o^talns  225  times 
"reater  than  our  Einli.  1  lis  dillaluc  from  the  fun  is  424,000,000  i>\  nuU-.  He  nvolvev  rnind  his  own  axin 
in  ()  liourb  and  :,f>  nunutcs;  round  the  tun  in  11  yearsaiul  10  monihs ;  anil  iiroctcd^  at  the  rate  ot   24,000  miles 

an  hour.  .        ,  ■,-,,,  ■     ,,      ,  •      ■        , 

I'.xelulive  of  a  f.unouM'p.  .  by  which  the  dnirnal  motion  ot  this  Planet  was  originally  deternunetl,  it  ha; 
iwaihcs,  or  !-el;<,  "(Hindi! .  that  are  moveable,  and  which  arc  formed  bv  el  luds  •,  and  hke  the  trade  winds  to  u% 
lie'  in  tracks  parallel  to  I'le  ei;,,ator.  The  poeI^  lcii;ned  this  Planet  to  be  the  head  of  die  heathen  Deities,  o; 
fabulous  Gods,  and  reprcienied  liiin  a^  haung  the  command  otihe  thundtiboU'. 

"  The  pow'r  immeiil.,  eternal  enernv, 

"  The  kill'.;  ot  (iotls  and  men,  whou-  awful  Land 

"  H'fperfes  thunder  on  the  leas  and  lain!, 

"  Diipoling  all  wiihal   oluie  iomiii.u<d." 

SATURN. 


i 


SATl'RN'  i;  tlic  moll  di'.lant  Plana  in  the  v  hole  hllem,  beiiij;  7 71;, 000,000  of  miles  from  the  fun.  He  vi 
50  rears  in  performini;  his  revolution,  and  y  t  movi.s  at  the  rate  ot  iS,oot)  miles  an  hour.  1  le  1-  61,000  miles 
ill  diaiiuter,  contain-  1)4  times  a-  miicii  matter  as  ilie  Earth  ;  but  hi-  den'.liy  is  not  more  than  a  Icvenili  part  of 
the  m.-.t!er  whi.li  c  'mp' 'iVsour  Pinna. 

As  the  li<'ht  and  heat  in  Saiiiin  are  not  above  a  ninehah  part  ot  wliat  we  cu\n\  from  the  Inn,  the  wiie  Creator 
of  the  I  Miiverle  liath  accommoitated  Saturn  with  five  moons,  ".hieh  levoh  e  round  him  in  ditla\ni  orb-.  But 
the  moll  lingular  ciieumllanec  relative  to  this  Planet  is  Iii5  riii.'.  Tlii--  is  a  vail  bodv  ot  earth,  ot  the 
thiekncls  of  near  800  milc^,  wliich  Uurounils  Saturn  in  torm  ot  i  eiielc,  at  the  dillancc  ot  21,000  miles  trom  it- 
iV.itacc. 


SECONDARY  PEANETS. 


,;!.f.« 


Tl  IE  S^eor.iiarv  Phuuis,  as  we  h.avc  already  oblcrvid,  are  tai  in  number,  Vi\.  five  beloiuMiig  to  S.uiirn,  lour 
to  Jup:ia,  and  one  to  our  Earth. 

\\  nil  re'.peei  to  nine  of  ihele  Moon=,  orSattUite^,  namely,  iholc  belonging  to  Saturn  atid  Jupiter,  they  were 
i.nkn-wn  till  the  lall  c  .itury,  by  rcaton  of  their  l)Cing  to  iliiumuuve,  that  tliev  lould  not  be  iccn  trom  our  I'^arth 
with  lit  t'.-.c  ul'e  ot  io..g  tcklcopes;  lunee,  till  thole  optical  i'jalic;  were  impiuved,  tliet'e  Secondary  Planets  were 
unobierved. 

The  Moon,  which  liglits  our  E.irtii,  contain-  about  the  lortleth  part  ol  the  (.luaiuuy,  or  mats  of  matter,  which 
compote  the  Planet  We  refide  upon,  it  e- near  2200  miles  111  diameter,  240,000  miles  dillant  trom  us;  and  its 
I'lirui'-e  is  about  14,00  1,000  ot  lipiarc  links. 

The  M'lon  is  the  tiuiekell  in  its  motion  oi'all  the  Planet-,  maki:v2,  its  revolution  in  27  d.w  s,  leven  hours,  and 
t'i.iee  c]iianer  .  The  light  whuli  thi-  Planet  .itl'ord>  u-  at  night  is  not  ihe  only  baulit  we  receive  trom  it;  tor  it 
g ovcii.s  the  waters,  ando^cationaht  tide-,  wlmh  .are  ol  1:, unite  beiKfn  lei  mankind. 

'•  The  Moon,  as  day-light  tade-, 

"   Lilt- hi'r  broad  ciule  in  the  diep'niiig  Ihades; 

*'  Ariav'd  in  glory,  and  enthron'd  m  light, 

"  She  btLaks  the  lolcmn  terrors  ot  the  night: 

"  Sweetly  inconllar.t  in  her  varying  flame, 

"  She  changes  llill,  another,  yei  the  lame  : 

"  Now,  in  decreale.  bv  fl  )w  de,2rees  the  Ihrouds 

"   PK  r  f.idini'.  hiilre-  in  a  vale  of  elou<|s: 

"   Now,  at  ini  real'e,  her  gath'riiig  beam-- diij/.ay 

"  A  \i\.\/x  ot  light,  and  give  a  paler  <lav. 

"  Ten  ihouland  liars  adorn  lu  r  glitt'iinj,  tram. 

•'   P'all  when  Ihe  tall-,  and  lile  with  liei  agair. ; 

•'   .And  oVrthe  deteits<it  the  iky  untold 

"  Their  biirning  tpaiiglc-  oflidtKal  gold. 

"  Tiiio'  the  wide  lieav'n-  llie  move-  fuemly  liiijiht, 

"  (jj^aen  ot  ilu  g.iy  altciulant-  ol  the  night. 

"  {)i.iabo\c  orb  in  tweet  conluiion  lies, 

''  And  with  .1  bright  dito.ckr  paint-,  the  llcies." 

V 1  \  1:  D  s  r  A  R  s. 

THE  ditrercnce,  v/nh  regard  to  vihon,  betwe  ntlie  lixed  Stai-  and  Planet-  .s  that  th.;  lati.i  have  a  note 

Placid  killre  than  tin  t.iim  r.  The  tixcd  Staishave  the  loiine  ol  ligiit  wuIjiii  iIk  iiiI>  Iv.  s.  being  ."run. ;  lur  the 
lanets  are  lompoltd  ol  opake  mailer,  and  luve  no  light  but  what  tlit  y  receive  fiom  the  Sun,  it  their  own  Sa- 
tellites. Hence,  thou.'ii  the  fixed  liar-  are  at  an  iminenle  ililiaiu  e,  then  bii,dilnels  exceeds  th.lt  ol  the  Plmet., 
and  they  are  to  be  dillinaiillud  bv  then  twinkling;  tjioihdi  Venus  and  .VI-  rcuiv  both  twinkle,  lnjt  iiut  in  lo  i!,reat 
a  degree  a-  the  fixed  St.iis. 

Be\ond  the  atmo|'|iheie  of  our  Sylleiii  the  heavens  arc  lllled  v\itli  a  lluitl  mu.h  iiioic  Miill-d  than  our  a;r,  and 
here  the  li.\cJ  Stars  are  placed  at  dnrcitnt,  but   iiniuenle,  dilUnct":  iiom 's,  And  verv  i^reat  dillaii-oj  Irom  each 

other. 


wmild  li  :ircc  fiiHiy  -.luy 
liii.li  itv'.'lvL-  round  II  in 

it  loiitain"!  220  times 
Ivi"-  I'Himl  liis  own  axi'* 
he  rate  lit   24, ceo  miles 

lally  <!ctfrmin>i!,  it  li.i-; 

ke  tlu'  trade  wiiui^  to  u-^, 

the  heiihen  Dtilits,  01 


A   GUinr,   TO   (-,F,Or;R.\PllV,   ?c,-, 


969 


01  h  T.  "  ^Vc■  mv.il  have  a  vaR  iiii-a  ofti.i:;  Ipaee,  {\:\^  an  aenirate  \\ritef,>  when  wc  Ciitifidt  r  that  the  iargeft  of 
;h  ■  ii\e'l  Si  111,  wlii.  h  art-  proSaMv  the  iii'ircft  to  ns,  aie:ii  a  ihi'ance  xok  yr^M  tor  ilie  ex]ire(iii)ii  of  all  that  we  ean 
(  iiucive  lui'u  U:\n\'  ,  and  toi  all  iiieai'^ot  acimi'a(.:r>  -n  ;.l.  'I'h>  In  ill  It  a  e,  doiilitLl.,  iiioieand  more  remote, 
lo  tlic  Icill,  v.'iidi  .li.-  Ill  the  i:\:\\  r.ia.^nilude.  Tiiele  mull  l.e  in  a  p.rl  o  the  Ik  aveiiMiiore  remote  ffom  us  dian 
til.  .•'  '.u  I  ;  ,uu!  Ml  iiev'in  1  il.. :  ■  k  k  li  ope'  diii.  iv.  r  10  iis  iii'.re  Si.u  ,  '  -i  liiilaiit  to  i)  ■  at  all  pereeptible  to  the 
na'.i'ii  e'  ;  an  '  1  1  :  ; 'p  irii  ,11  1  i  dv.  piwtrot'tli  '.■  iJliuni'iil',  ni'iie  m  Ivls  w-.:  dnco'v^i.''  Hcn^e  svemay  obtain 
lo'.iijideao;  ihe  ininiit.-  wiUloinaiu!  poWv-r  ol  the(ireai  Cr.:ator  ot  llic  l.'nivcrie; 


"  Will)  Ip.iea  1  th  '  jure  eci  nk  in  (i'.l'Is  on  hi;'.ii, 

"  And  atih'd  die  I  hainliv  r-.  I'l  ih  ■  vaiihed  Iky; 

'•  W  hieli  he,  to  liiil  their  t;lor\  vulh  then  height, 

"'  Ad'irn'il  with  2,lobc^  tl'.at  leel,  a-  drimk,  wiili  light. 

"  1  li,  h  in.l  cli!e:ied  all  ihi    iini' lul  Iplieie   ; 

•'  lie  nil n'd  their  orbs  and  pol  lli'd  all  the  Siars." 


O  F    r  M  1:    C  1.  I  M  A  '1'  i:  H. 


s  from  thr  lun.  He  \i 
ur.  1  le  1^  61 ,000  m;ks 
le  than  a  I'eventli  part  "t 

he  Inn,  tiic  wiiV  Creator 

1   m  dill'viinl  la'b^,      But 

.   bod\    ot    earth,  ot   the 

Ol  21, (,'00  miles  from  ii- 


)ekin'.Mng  to  Satvirn,  four 

n  and  jupiier,  they  were 
)l  he  Iccn  troni  our  I'^artli 

I-  Seeondary  Planeti  were 

iir  mat's  <>(  matter,  which 
s  dillant  from  us;  and  its 

7  da\s,  leven  hours  and 
we  receive  trom  it ;  lor  ic 


Tl  Il'.Rr.  arc  '4.  v'Tuivites  fK\  ca-h  tale  the  eqiMi  r  ;  and  under  tlie  eci  lator  the  longefl:  ilay  is  no  more  than 
t'.v.  Ive  luniib ;  ai.d  m  pr  ijiortioii ..  ■  we  adv.uiec  loA.iid-  ii'e  1'  ilar  Cir.  le,  ihc  .lays  inereale  in  every  Climate  half 
an  hour  ;  and  .it  the  I'^lar  Cnekv  the  l"iijj;  ll  day  i-  24  houi^.  'I'u  knu-v  what  Ckni.ae  any  uty,  town,  or  vil- 
l.u'i;,  I  in,  obiei  ve  the  l.iiit;ell  tlav,  lioiu  whuh  deduct  11,  and  multiply  t!ie  remainder  by  two,  when  the  pro- 
duct will  be  th.;  nui.-.ber  ot  the  Climate. 


I",  X  A  M  r  L  F. 

The  longeil  ilay  in  LondiUi  is  — 

From  which  deduct 


Hoik-. 

ID 


iMuliiply  the  remainder  by  z 

The  produ:!  is  the  Climate  ofL  mdon  —         8 

lake  leatons,  climes  mull  diller  ev'ry  where; 
r>ul  man  is  fitted  ev'ry  eliine  to  bear. 

O  F    Til  E    COAJ  PA  SS. 

IM  the  Com  pal's  there  are  four  Card!  n.il   I'o'nts,  vi/..   Fall,  Well,  North,  and   South.     Between  thcfe  four 


iM'and  points  many 
are  conlined  M  ;  '• 


pr.  ivnui ' 


,1, 


intermcdiaii' |)<'inis  .ue  I'lrmci! ;   but  ihete,    for  tlu*  purpoles  of  (Icogvaphy  and  Navigat 

;\,  .illtliele  relpect  the  piilliion  i>i  place-,  we  find  In  them  how  empires,  kingdoms,  llates, 
,  Sv. .  are  li  mated  with  rei;ard  to  each  other  ;  that    is,  wheiher  they   he  .  ortherly,  foutherly, 


Iv.  01   Ae;leil\,   or 


agreeable  to  anv  ot  the  inlerhir  or  iniermediate  p  lint-. 


I'he  mvi  iiiion    01  t 


hv  M-.r 


.  Compal''-  has  been,  peril. ips,  ot  as  gruU  and  general  utilitv  as  any  dilcovery 


that  ;  vei  beni 

ol  anolhii  ;   I'le  w 


■lited  minkind,  a-,  b\  its  nuans,  the  wants  ot  .ine  country  are  a.  vommcidated  wiiii  the  luperfluities 
Hare  of  individu.ils  lituattd  at  a  threat  dilKim  e,  become    intcrelling  to  e.icli  other ;  and  the 


abi:anli  ol  the  wh 'le  uni\orle  are  linked  in  one  great  locieiy. 


\V 


iiie  the  toikird  Needle  trembles  lo  ihc 


P..lc 


T.ielailor  iUers  wherever  waves  i  an  p'll, 
1  ,  'll  t  '  l!ie  figb.t  .if  ea;th,  and  li;;ht  ol  d.iy. 


'F 


loumllcis  oceans 


lie  ex[v,  ires  hi-  w.iy 


"   On  tlu'  true  Compafs  all  his  hopes  dejiend, 


"   1  lis  taitl 


and  hi-  direc'tinii  Irieiui 


■The  A'.rv 


Mi.'i'j  tj  .;   Dcgi 


of  I. .it: tide  in  other  j\.:ti 


ill  Vropcrtion  to  cufs  of  Sixly-^iine, 


i.it  ill  ■  l.iti.  I  have  a  iroie 
V  s,  beiiu',  i'liii. ;  lui!  the 
the  .Sun,  or  iliiir  own  Sa- 
xc^eiK  that  of  the  I'lmeti, 
winkle,  but  not  in  logttat 

•  i.iiill.'d  than  01, r  a.r,  and 

i;r.;it  dillaiuej  irom  cadi 

other. 


Statute  Hi  iiilli  miles 


e  1.  •\  47  i  Rhieiand  p 


Italian  mil 

Common    f  mkilli  n.il-  s  ditio 

Spaniih  miles  — 

Marine  leanu 's  o-  fiance  i^oiirs  tlie  Lime; 
I  luaiaii  leagues  — 

1  .  w  |)iiti.!i  tl  IV.  11  r.<;  ii  111  ■ 


■ich  (_.iccordNig  to  \ 


liieil  le 


I'ues  ol  i'ol.iiid  and  neivnark 


J^we  .illi  mil-  ■ 
I  iiingari.iii  imles 
Walls  ot  M  '(■  ovi- 


I 


ciiian,  Ai  lo!  tn,  a!i;i 


:-lian  iviii 


Cliin.le  k  I . 


'Flu*  I'leneh   111. al'ur 


fio 
60 

'7 

■io 


20 


80 


.  to  •  U.s  ,ls   1  ;    I   1   10 


.  r,  t  re  ^j-O 


'an-  leet 


ll.atuie  mil 
Nt 


at;  eipial  lo  52^.)  Britilli,  being  our 


OF 


ri^'M 


tw 


f  Iff  is 


.  *  m 


'!    ■': 


9:« 


A  .' ;  L  I  J)  i:  T  o  r.  e  o  f ;  r  a ?  i-f  y,  .«s..-. 
OF    MAPS. 


IN'  .ill  M;ipstlic  nortli  i^  at  ti>p.  tin-  knitli  at  bottom,  the  cad  on  tlic  ri^ht,  ami  tin-  wtil  on  ihc  Kit  ;  or  ii  ■( 
liciiiliiiw;li.,  it  is  always  cxpnliiil  c-itlur  liy  words  o'l  critli  li.k-,  mliy  .i  Maiinir's  Compals,  \vl..i\iii  iln-  m:ni. 
ota  tkur-df-lis  aluavs  ilciiDtis  the  noiih. 

M.ip-  .uc  l.r.il  down  .mil  pioponioiml  to  a  ctitaiii  liaic,  wlmh  is  aK^ays  taken  fioiii  tin.-  ilcvc.  •  ci 
I.atitiak'. 

Tiie  deprccs  of  I  .aiitiiil.-  arc-  aKvav".  maikc'l  "n  t!u'  eall  ami  wcti  fu\c  of  the  Map. 

The  ile/ives  iM  l^uiis^ituiU-  .uc  alu.iys  mark.ii  mi  tin.'  iioith  and  t'ouili  tide  nl' the  Map. 

A  ili.;L>,ue  ot  I.aiittKli  i>  aUvays  'l  the  f'me  hreailtli  :  wlicnt'oir  the  liiltance  ot  tuopkucs  tiatcil  direiTlv  north 
and  foiiiii,  is  ininivdiatelv  known  I'V  knowin;j,  tiie  ihtlcant  Latitiidi.-.  liut  adeorcc>it  L.on'Miude  is  d  ihilcienc 
extent. 

The  Lalitii.ie  and  Lon;'icu!o  'faiiu'e  Ivino;  kmnvn,  you  nuv  liml  it  inimcdiatr'iv  intlic  Map,  Iiy  diawiiv 
a  hru-.  or  ilire.ui,  irol's  tiie  .Mapiiolh  ways;  and  where  tiie  two  lines  uit  one  an'ther,  the  place  Itands. 

Thi-  I-'arih  heinoa  (ilo'.ie,  a  Maji  r,t' tlie  whole  L'-arih  mull  iie.liarily  conliil  ot  two  I'aris,  Ivth  hde    ^il  the 
.'.liilic  not  beinn  viiililcat  onee.     .An  ordinglv,  in  aii'ii\erlal  Map,   the  riglit  hand  imk  llicws  il.c  Okl  Wnrid 
IT  Ikirope,  Alia,  anil  Africa;  and  the  kit  hand  cuelelhews  ihc  Nev  W'orkI,  or  Aniirica. 

I'pon  the  general  Maj)  arc  niaikcd  the  Circles  corrcfponilent  to  thole  m  the  Sphere,  naniciv,  iIk  I'"..-,uini)C!  i.il 
Line,  the  tuo  Tropies,  aiul  tl.  tM.o  I'l'l.ir  Circles,  all  which  i  rols  the  M.ip  from  eall  to  we!!;  and  the  full 
MciiJ.ians  rurroiinding  the  two  l-kniiiljihcies  from  north  tolbiitli,  l!ie  I'aralkls  l^ing  Iimiu  noith  toloiiili  at  ten 
dcrjrccs  dillancc;  and  the  Meridians  at  the  tame  dillanee  ironi  well  in  call,  are  alio  niaikeel  iipiin  "er.tral  Maps. 

I'arriciilar  Majis,  ieiivj,  parts  ot  this,  retain  tiie  Meridians  aii-.l  I'.iralK is  hel'>:i;iivj,  to  that  ivirticular  pan, 
which  are  made  Im.iil.r  or  lar;;er,  ,is  tiie  j  aper.ni  whicii  it  i  ihawn  wi.i  .ulmit ;  and  the  iliilanec  ol  places  men- 
tioned in  it  are  alw.iv  exacih  proportioned  to  the  breadth  oi  the  Par.illels.  S  )  that  let  a  M  i;i  lie  i  \er  I"  t'mall, 
the  dillanee  ol  placss  is  exa.'tiv  Ih.ewn,  it  meaUnvd  according  to  the  ilcgrees  of  Latitude  i;i  that  particular 
Map. 

In  both  general  an!  '..rtiuiluMaps,  the  thick  flvtdowinc  li-enotes  the  Sca-t  ■'ail.  Hiv.r-  an;  marked  hy 
large  ihadowed   lerp, mine  line- ;   Roid^    bv   d  nible  line-  ;  iliviliins  ot   C 'iintries  hv  dotted   lir.es;  (ai'^^tr  for 


1' 


and   linaller  tor  Siu  di\  iiiosis 


d  divilions  of  Natii-ins  are  otten  ll 


le'An  Hv  chain 


represented  i  v  ti.e- ;  M  iiintains  by  riiiii_^  lliadows ;  Sands 
bv  lliatlowed  ceiall-. 


hv  d  'tte 


be. 


Mailhes 


•Ik 


el 


Tl 


le  names  ( 


)t  r 


lov  n  cs  ,ire  wiiit.  n  in 


lativr  cipitals ;  and  Iniailer  Uiviiio.is  in  t'mallcr 


m  r.  unci  Koman  v  hira: 


exact  iiiuation 


InialLr 


The 


owns  i;i  iiu:ic. 


a  Market-Town,  ii  ti.eii/, oi  tl 
•as  the  leak-  wi!!  allow.     1' 
ur  loiii.  tiiiies  a  mitic  over  it. 


ly  a  little  rouml  o  ;  bnt  larger  p! 


lie  adi 


lit 


lull    "t  X 


Lake 


it  Citii 


i!uircli  tor 


almit. 


irlieular  qua'aii^aiions  .;t  Cities  are  duliii'iiillicd  1 


City  Is  notei 
i; 


In- 


ch 


ithl 


loiiles  about  it,  as  niuel 


a-  a 


r.iil 


loiiru 


;as  a  cr. 'I 


fs  oVi 


r  It. 


An  Archbilliopric  has  a  dovibie  cro 

An  L'niveriity  lu   a  liar,  or  f  ^meiitiies  a  Cudttcus. 

An  .Alibcv  1-  ihewn  by  ai  rook,  or  pailoval  ll.itl'. 


A  F 


on  r^  Is  In  am 


like  baill-. 


ACalllebv  alitth  flae. 


Ad 
Ot:., 


■ma:: 


S .at  b\  a  houie  only. 


.r  r.ia 


atk 


d 


n  putu u,.r en^_^ra\er 


.h: 


mil  they  e\'p!aiii  m  the  tiiai'^im 


Ot'   TIIE  EARTH  ABSTRACTEDLY  CONSIDERED. 


Tin;   hr.t  th.;. 


ih.t 


eir  ii  s',;  to  our  view-  i-  that  hu'j,e  tuil'\  I'lb'la  i  e  the  i  ,'•  be  o:  ihc  I-!iitii,  (  o;; 
iiii'-V;:  ol  in.iiiy  I.  l;d  in.'.terial,  a-  well  ,;s  great  ipianiit.es  of  lalt  atul  irclli  'A.aer;  i  r  'aIm.  h  i\,>|.ei  the  philo- 
lopkc'-  i.tun:  !.!■  i  ail  u  the  Teir.'ai  i^ai  (d'le.  And  though  the  iblnl  matter  in  iv,  r  rhap  .  be  nv"-c  than  t'e: 
fluid,  y, '.  tiie  w..;.  1  l..!,es  up  iiui,  ll  the  I'reater  part  nl'  ihe  I ui face  of  the  t  d.  be,  e.s  i-  plain  to  air.  oii'.  wl;  < 
loekiip  .1  .1  iM.ip  oi  ti'e  I-',  utii :  f  r,  belide  t!ie  ri\er  u;ul  l.ik>.s,  p  lob  and  fViuui.uns,  whuh  water  tlie  V.\v\h 
ill  v..;ioii-  pLk.  ,  th.e  o.  .an,  and  its  pa- tii. -ilar  fea-,  ar--  niiieh  more  e-steii< led  ihan  tlie  dry  land  ;  whu  h,  iloiibile;.. 
\va-  Old.  :e.;  by  i!,c  NLker  of  a'.l  Things,  (or  'l;e  good  ot'  maiikiiid  ;  th.  re  being  !i.ch  gr^.t  o.>  .ilie'ii  lor  waier  i  ,• 
nioilkn  :h-e  Kartli,  lupply  u   with  lilb,  and  faulii.ii,  e(5inmei-ee  and  navigation. 

15;. t  leiernng  to  a:i>  ther  p'.a.  e  '.'.iia;  we  lli.ill  liiy  ab-ont  the  vsaier-,  il  we  conlider  the  F.aitli  propeily  to  laiicil. 
'.' e  (hall  find  it  to  be  a  heap  of  van  u";  Indies;  or  therein  ate  diUovered  land,  ei.iv,  mould  of  vaiuus  colouo, 
(evcral  ibri'  .(  itone-,  inans  fits,  ;ul,,liur,  biiumen,  min  ra!  .  and  metals,  wiiii  ait  luiiiiber.  Nor  is  it  iiecef- 
lary  to  ilig  to  the  ce:iter  ot  the  earth,  wl.uher  hum.ti  indullry  can  never  peneir.iU,  tor  the  di(e"very  ol  thel.- 
Ihii.g;  tl-.cy  arel'tnctimesmet  w,ih.  m  greai  liiiiKlance.  not  manv  h  el  ilc  p.  Hut  ;  i  the  miiK  •  oi  Hungaiy 
and  I'eni,  wliieh  are  i.ud  lo  be  de,-['er  than  oid.nary,  great  (lore  ot  Uich  things  tippe.ir. 

Th.-  a-i.  lent  philolophci  fan  I  f  hoohneii,  wh  >  h  'llowed  their  ■  pinion,  aiul  m.uiitained  that  the  I-  aitli  i-  '.'ne  oi 
til  'le  ;■  iir  Hk'incnts  wliercol  .ill  'lungs  conlid  )  "\  kiving  (luli  ,i  medley  ot  things  to  lie  uiuler  the  luil.ice  oi  ti.e 
Earth,  laul  tins  was  nut  the  pu;e  1-. lenient  th  y  in.-  .ni,  hut  that  it  was  tiiniewhere  about  thecentcr;  but  liticc  wi 
man  can  ever  come  at  thote  pan-  iiearthc  center  of  ihc  l-'.artli,  this  coniccHureot  theav  e.  uleleis. 

It  Dcs  Cartei'i  hy;'0the(is  w. re  but  well  grouiuled,  that  the  I'lanets  were  once  of  the  like  nitiire  with  tl.-c 
fixed  Stars,  lonlllbn^;  of  a  firv  lubllanc^",  and  lanie  .alierward-  {■>  be  cruiku  over  with  thi  k  and  lohd  matter, 
there  might  be  llill,  at  iVis  da\ ,  a  gre.it  tire  in  the  eenter  of  the  F.aitli,  as  icune  peo|.le  iiii.igine.  But  iince"  the 
grounds  on  wl.itli  ..e  lu'|. puled  the  I'l.iiiets  to  be  denvetj,  may  lie  le^koned  among  thole  thin!',s  wlmh  arc 
ivery  u-'.y  doubtful,  an  1 1  niy  leem  not  impollible,  thaiv-h,  perhaps,  as  far  iVoin  being  true  as  real  impjliilnliiie  , 
11  i--  a  ralhn.l',  in  hi  loilo-.eeis  to  i.ike  thi   iniauinary  li-e  at  the  center  eif  the  Luth  l^r  a  <  eitain  truth. 

ll  th  le  p. .Its  wh..  h  :i  i-.v  ni,.ke  up  the  liarih  wer-  oiuc  loole,  ami  cirried  routi.l  ihe  lame  ceniei  i'l  a  cir- 
i.ular  motion,  ue  i mil  1  then  giiher,  (mm  mollcerfiin  ex]ieiiinent-,  that  the  groliell  ol  .ill  the  [laits  tell  down  lu 
tiie  ei  n.fei-  ol  the  liartii.  Now,  tin  e  we  kfioA-  iiothUL;  luaviei  than  mei.ils,  it  would  iioi  be  abiurd  to  lupj'ole, 
thai  the  i:ii..'.)il  bywtl-.  'jI  thcLarth  weu  lihed  with  aprodi^jioui  lloiv  of  vaiious  metal-.;  anel  ihii  beii;^'  prehniied, 

our 


40 

(i\ 

ilei 
tha 
bro- 
il. 


toi 
L. 


oil 

tl 

tuil 
or 


[cfl  oil  ihc  K'ii  ;  or,  u  k 
In    from   tin.'  ilcrrct-   el 


JuLS  r.atctl  tlirivllv  north 
.unfMimli,-  IS  (.1  iliilc-u'iic 

Jiaihi'  Nhp,  l,y  tliawini; 

(ic  pl.lCl'  ll.llui-'. 

I'.iiis  b..tl,  (i,lc;  ..(  tilt 
If  Ulcus  il.c  OKI  WnrKI, 
.1. 
Jnaiutlv,  il;i  IviuiniioiLiI 
111  to  wc;'l;  .mil  tlic  iiill 
in  riditli  lo  lo'.!i!\  at  ten 
li  iipt'ii  gtr.fral  M.ip^.. 
Ii>  ili.n  [).utii.ii!:ir  p.ui. 
L'  iliit.uii  c  ol  pl.u'is  iiiin- 
I  :i  M  III  li.-  I  \(.v  |..  I'm. Ill, 
iiiii.lc  i;i  tli.u  i-i.ii-!K-ul.r,- 

Kiv.T-  :\vii  m.ukcil  l)y 
iK'ti.'.l  lii-.f-  ;  t.;r'j,tr  fur 
til  nil  liiu  -.  I'orclls  ;iic 
'V  ih.Kh'Ucd  !.(.i!s ;  f.akf. 

Hit  c.i];i!.jl< ;  !;u:.u  Ciiiis 

ic  a^lilitiDii  III  .1  lIiiuiU  tor 

lunircs  nhiiut  it,  as  auK.  h 

I-  ,1  Iiillioprk    h:is  ;'.  tr^ii  , 


DERl'O. 

ii    'ic    o:  ilic    1-!  lllll,    (  I.;; 

\\\:f  h  i\. .!.■:)  llii'  jijiiln- 
■    lh.l|)  ,    I'C  nvre  tli:in  !'■■; 

I  |.l.ii:i  to  :un  oil',  wli  ' 
,  whuli  w.iur  I'.ic  Kiri!< 
■y  liiid  ;  wliH  1),  (l.ni'.i;!;-;,, 
T^..i  o.  wifion  I'll  w.i'.'.-i  i  ,• 

F.:i!tli  proiKily  f.)  t.-iilci!. 
ri'Hilii  of'  vuiKui'-  I'oiou;^, 
uiiil'CT.  Nor  is  it  iK'Ccf- 
T  I  lie  (lill'ivi'i  V  (i|  tlicl. 
1  tlic  iniiK  .  ol  Huiig.iiy 

(1  iliiU  till.-  r.iri!i  i  ..■ni'oi 
Uiiik'r  ilii.-  luil.iLC  III  ti.j 

:  ll'dcntcr;  but  liiicc  :v) 
iiklis. 

till-  like  intun'  witli  liic 
(hi  k  iiiid  lolal  111.11  Ifi. 
im.igiiie.  But  Iiikc  the 
lliolc  iliinj'^s  w  liK  li  ;iif 

rue  :i»  real  i.ii|).ilhliilitii.'  , 

.1  tain  truth. 

u-  faniL-  ccutci  i:i  a  lir- 
.ill  llu!  parts ti'lKlou II  to 

I'l  In-  ahluril   I'l  hippolf, 

iiiii  lliii  bcii;L'  prcliiau'ih 
one 


A    (iliDE    TO   (iEOflR/MMl  Y,    .S:c.  p^t 

our  opinion '.voiil'l  riTcivo  C'.ir,ni-!ii:Uion  from  nrignctic  cxpcnnicnl .,  by  whi,  li  it  ocncrallv  nppcnrs  t'l-.t  thp 
I'..iiili  is  ol  the  nauiri'iif  a  Lmat  loailllmy.  Th.rdoro  wc  ini-lit,  with  »rc:it  icaroii,'lulpf:r,  tli.ii  at  tlu  hJaii  of 
the  l''.ait!i,  t!r.MV  aii;  iron  an.l  li'.uhloiic  in  !.\rcat  a'nimlanrf,  whicli  woulJ  be  jull  contrary  to  tiicir  opinion  wlio 
liolit  a  lirv  icnicr.  Hut  thi- our  livp.itliclis  is  built  upon  no  certam  r^alini,  ami  then. f-iv,  for  the  avoiuiiiT  of 
error,  it  i;,  iiiim  h  tlic  fiU-ll  wiv  ti)fulj'i  ml  our  alllnt  in  this  cafe.  " 

1  lowcvir,  ihi,  is  oblcrvabf',  tint  tlic  deeper  wc  dig  into  the  ground,  the  Iieavicr  the  matter  is;  and  tliough 
iliere  b  •  ivi  i  "'r.inp,  luar  the  renter  of  tli'j  E.irth,  yit  Uich  metals  are  du<T  out  of  the  deepelt  mines  as  are  rarely 
hiund  on  the  luii.ue;  and  it,  iniha  1  of  di  ;i^in[>  mines  a  mile  and  a  liali'dcc|),  wiiich  is  liardh  ever  don.-,  we 
could  go  loin-  miles  do.Miwaid,  perlrqv  the  matter  would  ill!!  be  eloleraiid  heavier. 

But  lie  this  as  it  will,  tiiu  iiiiuli  we  are  fine  of,  as  to  the  parts  ai'oui  the  furfaee  of  the  Earth,  that  they  are 
under  .1  i.intinu.il  i  ii.iii;j,c  and  aller.ation,  wliih  may  proc  eil  from  \arious  caufes.  Amoni',  ihofc  caul's  we  will 
not  reckon  human  l.i'iours ;  but  this  we  fee,  that  the  hard.ftbodies  in  the  world,  the  very  adamant  itfeifn.XeX' 
tepted,  iiein;;  ex|iiileil  lo  the  open  air,  do  wear  an<l  w.iile  in  time,  and  underc!o  various  alterations  without  tlu 
hand  of  man  ;  and,  th.ieiorc,  the  uliole  furfaee  of  the  h-.irth,  whereon  the  air  pcrjietually  pieties,  mull  needs  be 
lubjeifl  tofuch  alterations. 

Betide  the  perpetual  ihane;e  of  le.ifjn?,  heal  and  cold,  rain  and  v.iiid,  earth  piakcs  and  ninnina,  water;,  arc 
always  mikinj:,  a  worK'.iful  chaii;.^e  in  that  [lart  ot'  the  Earth  which  is  i;exi  the  lurfaee:  and  ii  v..;  take  in  the  daily 
mui.iiions  of  innumeiaole  ijiimaK  and  pl.mts,  which  are  ted  by  the  truits  and  moillure  ot  the  Earth,  and,af[eta 
Ihort  time,  piitiity  aiulretcn  toEaiih  a;j;ain,  welliall  have  real'on  to  believe,  that  thisliiitai-e  ')n  whi'.h  wetiea'l, 
I  ipeeially  in  ceiuntnes  that  have  been  lon^  iiih.abited,  is,  tor  the  molt  part,  comjioled  ot  the  bodies  oi  men  and 
bealls,  or  r.uhe;  ■'!  a  matter  which  i-  ev.  ry  day  puttiiip,  on  new  lorms. 

And  bv  In.  h  perp.au.il  variati  'tis  "I  matter,  there  mull  needs  hajipen  an  incivale  of  drv  E, uth,  and  a  decay  oi 
moillure;  for  it  does  U'lt  app  ar  t;,.it  the  parts  of  iluid  bodie-,  whi'.li  have  been  once  hletiled  wit:i  I'olids,  and 
have  been  to  impiegnateil  urh  l.uis  a  t'l  loje  their  fliiiditv,  ilo  ever  retrieve  it  apiaiii.  Thi-  !>  cvid.nt  in  plants  and 
animal.,  which  i!,rinv  bij'xer  lij  lonj;;  as  thev  rec,  ive  Ijiirit  and  n  lurillimeiu  from  liqu  iv,  but  afterwards  turn  to 
i'.rrii|iti  >n.  Some  coiu  hide  liii.u  hem  e,  that,  in  older  to  prevent  too  f;reat  ailecay,  or  total  failure  o:  inoilb.ire 
in  the  I'l.uiet .,  fi  kI  created  Comets;  tiat  lo  lluir  fumes  dip'  -ng  themfelvi. .  through  the  vortex  oi  the  Sun,  might: 
l.dl  i'lio  the  laiter  voriicc  ol  the  i'lanets,  and  atipaiicnt  t'neii  lii|uids. 

Miie  Aer,  th.re  mui't  needs  be  .i  va'.l  clian.e  made  in  the  Earth  by  me.ms  of  t!ic  many  lires  v.'.ieh  prey  upon 
it  W'll'.in. 

Phil.iiophrs  t'omeiimcs  cop.lidtT  the  Earth  as  a  huge  lo.ulllone,  which,  when  we  come  to  fpcak  of  the  load- 
Hone,  we  ll.all  h  iv,'  an  opportunity  to  enlart;e  upon.  M'.anwhile  we  may  here  oblerve,  that,  in  this  refpec'r  alio 
the  I'.arth  is  iiiu-h  .ihe.ol,  .is  appears  Iroin  the  variations  of  the  Magnetic  Ne.dle,  which  f  .metimes  p.iints  di- 
re.-ily  .a  the  I'ole,  and  lom. times  .Iccline.  lever.d  degrees  call  or  well.  But  this  cann'it  happen  without  an  al- 
tei.itim  in  the  |iores  r.f  that  magnetic  mat.er  which  llows  out  of  the  Earth,  and  whieh  feems  t.)  come  at  one 
tim.  direeMh  Ir  im  the  1'  de,  aiuf  at  another  time  from  I  hole  parts  which  are  on  the  righ.t  or  lei't  hde  of  the  I'ol.-. 
And  whe'.her  this  vari  iti'Vi  proceeds  tV  m  the  tires  uiuler  ground,  whi.  h  may  I'poil  here  and  there  a  mineot  load- 
llone,  (.yet  to  as  that  ii  may  afterward'  rceover  its  vinue  a{i,ain,)  or  whether  it  be  fr..;ii  lonie  other  cauie,  :s  wliat 
no  mail  ceitamU  know  .. 

G  E  O  (;  K  A  P  III  C  .V  L    PROBLEMS. 

I'ROtSI.EM     I. 

II:-  LlUIi:::!:  cf.iry  A'...-:'  being  gii'c;i,  a  rectify  lie  Chhe  for  that  Phue. 

LI'.T  It  be  nqMire!  to  reclil'e  the  (ilo'v  lor  the  Latitude  of  Loiidjii,  it  deg,  32  in:n.  north;  and  Madrid, 
40  ilcf.  10  luin.  north,  jiroceed  thus : 

Turn  iIk-  I'ole,  on  wliuli  the  dial-plate  is  fiNc',  towards  tho  vertie  of  the  [-[.iri/.on,  flijipiiu';  or  moving  the 
(T'.ibe  bicki.ards  or  hir.v.iid,  in  the  ii'itihes  of  the  Uvvi/on,  till  the  Horizon  cuts  the  br.i/.en  Meridi.m  in  52 
de''-.  ^'  'uri.  (vi/..  a  little  ir.ore  than  ;i  and  a  l.alf;  ;  fo  is  the  G!')be  te:litied  for  the  Latitude  of  London; 
t'hu  IS,  me  Math  I'o'e  will  ili.  n  be  elevatuf  5-1  de;,-..  }i.  min.  aivve  the  Hori/.on;  and  London  be.nL^ 
brou"hi   lei  the  Nkridian  iifeif,  wi.l  dien  be  ir,  Zenith,  or  right  up,  and  .u  ec]ual  dilhuice  trom  all  parti  of  the 

Horizon. 

Depref':  the  l'"lc  till  the  HoriZ'Mi  cuts  th,'  brazen  Meridian  at  40  deg.  to  min.  and  you  have  then  the  p  'lition 
of  the  inhabitant- at  .Madrid.:  and  nirnin>T  die  (il  ibe  till  NEidrid  comes  to  the  Meridian,  you  will  find  it  in  th: 
Zenith,  or  lop '.f  the  (llo'ie,    under  43  cl.->;.  10  min.        ,,      .      ,      ,  .    ,  ,      o      ,    r,  , 

NcU.  v.  u  were  r  -oMir.d  t'^  reciifv  tlic  Globe  for  S  nith  Latitiule,  tlci  y  ni  mull  elev.ate  the  S:';ith  Pole  to  the 
"iven  L.itiCU'de,  inll.-.u!  of  the  N"rtli  I'-le;  but  tins  i-  better  expl.-.ined  by  the  -icKt  Problem. 

PROlU.ENf     II. 

The  T.:uitK.!:  and  Longitude  of  any  Place  gr:cn,  lo  find  the  fume. 

lirli  You  arc  10  obler-.e  wheilier  the  L'lngilude  be  reckoned  fvom -Longitude,  or  from  the  tirft  Meridian  ; 
I'lr  oil  ll>me  (.'lobes  the  lull  ^E  ndi.m  begins  23  deg.  on  .ahci-  .:o  deg.  and  on  Senex's  (;iol'Cs  iS  deg.  well  of 
London  ,  but  II  once  v.  u  know  where  the  tirll  .NLridian  is  on  the  (Jlobe,  it  is  verv  cah  to  know  ihediflerencc 
from  the  iNL-rid.ui  ui  1 .  'ud-'ii. 


E  X  A  M  r  L  !■:. 


min.  Wert  Loimitu-le;  tiie 


There  are  two  cerlup  pKice-  ;  '.i.e  has   ,S  de;v   N' rth  Laiaude,  and  77  deg. 
other  is;,  J  de;.  4.^  mm.  Mo-.ith  L.uitud. ,  and  i;ld.g.  l-.all  Longitude   ti.'m  LoikLu  ;   1  dem.iiid  wh.it  I  Lkc-. 

^'''i'iw/rEH-iheiiit!  M.ue,  I  -lev.ite  to  the  Norili  i'ole  ili  deg.  becaufe  it  is  18  deg.  Noith  Latitude  .  then  1 

...         .1 1  s..iii.._.i —    '■■■  LLijuator, 

-ihroiigli 
mill,  well  war  :,  be  brought  iiiukr  the 

Meridian 


■I- 

S)'l 

'<  4 


Rule.   i"H- |iie  iiitt  I'l.ue,   t  "lev.ite  10  iiie  i-.oi, ..  .  ...>  ,„^>^^.  ...........  .^.  ..-.-r,       - 

tvi.n  the  (  do!  e  to  the  ri..|,t  lian  I,  '.r  e.Ulward,  (becaulethe  pl.celies  wet  Ward,)  til  ,77  ^  eg.  ;  mm.  on  the  E 
c...,;.iedliomthe\Ieridianoll..oiid'Mi,(wli,clionSeaex^(;lol)eh.'^sacyplierthiis^o)oiUlieEq.i:iloi,)pa^^^^ 

or  under  the  iNEridiaii:  or,  m  other  words,  1  turn  the  Molie  til 


/' 


97- 


A  (ilinr,  TO  (ir.OCiRAl'HY,  fee 


MtTuli.in,  ami  licri.  I  lix  tlic  (ilibc  wiili  .n.)uill  tlir\ill  iii  liftvviM  tlic  (iloln-  :inil  the  I  lori/.'itr,  tlirn  I  Idol,  iiinl-.r 


the  L.:\l 


lUKIf    1  S  Ut'tl.   I  Wliuil   IS   111 


tlio  /tnitll.)  on  iIr-  Mcii.tum  .i-iop  ol   tlu-  ( 


III)  If,  .lIUl     lIlKlCf    I  ,■) 


Mfiuhaii  I  tiiul  I'. Ml  Rowil,  in  _|:iiii.iu  :i.  tin-  pi, ire  it'i]irif,|. 
Fur  the  l.tiiiv.l  Phict  1  i-lfv.iu  the  Soiit!i  I'nli-  .iliim.li  i.v 


lei^.  on  tiie 


ri 


II  )  M(  iMlion  til  il.  \.itc  the  r.>U'  JMivly  tn  tind  ;i 


,icc,  but  11  I'.  I)e;t>r,   lin.uile  \'n\  h.ive  ihen  i  lie  le.il  li.  in  i  m  nt  ihc  uiIki'i  l.uil^ )   to  ih,-  i;iveM  I  ..ititiuie   ;4  i|c 


4i  mm.  .mil  then  iiii  n  the  (i  oW  till  i  S  (K  ^\.  V..\\\  I  ,cini;itiKl''  'I  I  ."iv.kMi  i^iiie  unil^i-  the  Mi  luj 
lief  tills  1  tind  ilic  Cipe   't  Cloud  I  lope,  the  [ 


il.i.e  I. ii'.iiiei: 


d. 


I. in;  .'AM  Hill  u(i- 


Inl 

H| 

It 

'|H;c 

m 

^^^E^i 

rROBI.l".  M     III. 


IV  L. 


,,/,■,/, 


j/'/A 


"■■:!-■  I': 
)  i:  I  I  N  I  r  I  () 


r.  //. 


■  t'lf  f.D'ti  l.ii!J:iJi- 


All  tliofe  pl.i.  cs  that  h.ivc  the  I'une  L.uiliKle,  h,;\e  ili,'  d.i)-.  and  night    ot'ilu-  lame  leiiij,th,  ai   the   \ 


of  the  year. 

Rule.  Bring,  the  i:,iveii  place 


line  tinr_r 


LC  to  the  Meridian  ,  h 


lie  I 


iiiiiUm  .;o  iiet 


nun.  and 


M 


min.  North 
as  Lond' 
Mad 


ill  '1  t  irn  llie 


Cilobe;  and  all  th  ili  pi  ues  ih.ii  pals  under  ^j  deg.  f  mm.  have  the  lam 


ulrul  40  d'  p.  10 


I 


in  (ierni.inv.    <\;i.a;ulall  iliat   p  il  ■  iiiid  1  40  d- 


at  I  Hide 


nil,  uln.  Il 


vi/U  will  lii.d  to  be  I'ekin  ne.alj  lor  one,  .im!  ni.mvotlKr  pl.iees. 


10  iiiin.  li.ivc  the  lame  Latitude 


.is 


Pko'n.i:  M   ]v 

Jjtc::  the  Dijaci.c  'J  r.c  l-t,n 


/  /'. 


H 


ere  arc  tun  \  uiations  or  kUiC 


Fuji.   I    ill-  I.-U'f    '.'.  s  1  e  both  North  01  b.'iii  S  '"ih.  ;h  n  tu'  llr,'.")  the  lei's  t"r,^ln  the  greater  L.itiliiiie,  and  the 

I  z  deg.  j.',  111,11.  tli>-  liill  iieing  50 


remainder  is  the  .liti'er.nce,  01  anhve 


deg. 
about 


;  I  inin.  a 
sO  ii(g. 


in.  and  the  other  a.z  ih 


Noil  I 


an.i  Landv 


H'tueen  l^  'iidon  and  .Madr 
ittteiii  Ciiulv  and  S  ocki'.ohn  is   32 

7<!rg. 


;o  mm.  tor  St  h  kli' 


N..11I 


(./.v.    1    on.    he"  on  the  N^illi,  ami  i1k  otlKr  on  the  S   uih  tide  ot  the  h.ipi.ilor.    I'that  is  to  la\',   if  one  iie 
Nirth,  .md  the  other  South  Latitude,    tlun  add  tiiein  io_;etiier,  .ind  tiieii  lum  is  liu-  dilltieiwe  01  the   Lat  tude 


rcqii 


d. 


ThiisC 


opcnl'.ai;en  is  ^;  deg.  40  mm.  N'^nli.  uvl  the  lll.ui'l  "I    Madigallar  is    19  de 


South  :   thclc 


added  tt'gether  make  73  deg.  lo 


nun.   the  ililKri  iin 


.1   L 


itniule  uipiiret 


I'ROIU.l.  M    V 


Vu-  L. 


:uiii  '/  i.v/v 


given Jnm  ,in\  M,-niii.ri,    Ij  It' 


A/e. 


'  l/:-'/]:  P.'ii.cs   havri7  the  (.i»ic  I..ilitiuli. 


This  i-  d   nc   :i!tir  the  l.'.n-.e  manner  .is  t!ie  <ilhcr;   rn'5   here  the  ,i!iu\er  will  Ik-  on  the    I-',  j'aaloi,  a.,  the  others 


were  on  iiie 


M 


liar 


1  would  kiioA  what  iilues  have  tin-  fame  Lon^itode  as  London,  anil  tin-  (wm;  I 


lie  ,!s  M.,!; 


The  Ru! 


1  rint:,  L  nd  ni  t"  the  Mendian,  then  al  thole  pi  ut~  on  ihe   (ilooi    I'l.in    iheN    i;lil',,lt    tn  tin 


South  pan  ot  th-   Hor/.-vi    that  he 


iiiuter  the  edi'C 


tlie   .Menu  111, 


h  i\ .    th  -  I  line    1  , 


•ng, 


de   as    1.^1  i 


thus    Fort    Nall'a 
LoDilon. 


a;  11    l-'i|t    M.na,   111    (iuiiie.i,     li.ive   the    iar 


or    \i.r\    ne.'.nv 


ihe   l.uue    Le 


A:i  I  Mi.f 


low,    1:1 


Miifenvia,  has  \irv  nearly  the  i'ainc  LongitiaK  as  Al.-ppo,  in  S 


\iia  :   alio 


,  aiularuoii. 


.1  l:ip  -h,  \:\  Suia,  have  tlie  lame  l.oiitM 


itud 


mm.  Irom  London 


I'ROllLI.  M    VI. 


/)', 


7/.- 


../■■  i,f  l\ 


W'M 


Ru':e.     H.  re  art  t  ao  \'a'-i.H!on~. 

iirjt.  h  ;1k-  places  he  both  !■:  ul  .,r  boiii  Will  <>  the  liiil  Meridian,  or  where  vou  reiktm  the  Longitude 
from,  vi/..  li  iliey  ixidi  Iv-  I'lail,  01  iioili  be  Will  Loiij,iiiide,  1  imi  I'l.li'.liaci  one  tioiu  the  other,  and  you  have 
the  liirtLfi  nie. 

Th.is  1  fill  I  jenililem  lia-  -/<  dej.  1  ;  nun.  l-'.ail  Longitude  bom  London,  and  IM.in  110  >hg.  52  min.  l-'ail 
Longitude;  thereloie  In'ilbast  ;'>  iK-.  .  15  min.  Irom  11  i  de,;.  5.  mm.  and  there  rem  uns  74  ihg.  ;y  min.  dit- 
terence  of  L.oiigiiud  -  I-.  i  i  or  \\  ell ;  iii.a  i-,  Tekm  is  74  dee,.  ;;  ii.in.  I'.ail  Longiui.ie  o!  jerulaKiu,  or  jeru- 
falein  is  74  d  u.  r;  mm.  Well  b,omjitudeot  P..  km. 

.''■condty.  It  on'i-  p  1,  e  be  l-.i|l.  apd  the  orm  Well  Loii«'iliidi,  ol  ihe  full  Mei.dim  (lupi.ole  London,  or 
any  giiier  .M.iidiin)  then  a'id  liicir  1  .o.i.uudes  lo-edier,   and  the    l.im  is   ti;e  ililieience  ul  L.ongitiide  reipiiied. 

1.  X  A  M  I'  L  I-.    I 

1  woiid 'r.now  iIm- dill,  rcncc  of  the  I  .ongi'mle  l/.twecn  jen.lalem,  3(' ih- ',  i;  niin.  Fill  o|  London,  and 
Von   R    \a'..   ii   I.ei-.i  X,    7- tie'.',    5  mm.  Will, 

Heu,  as,,;,  1  I-..1II,  ,111,!  il,f  laiiei  Welt,  Lidd  ^/'i  li.  g.  I ',  min,  and,  7 '  dc'.',  5  min  to;'  t  her,  and  1  heir  lum 
lUi'.kc  II  ;  de  o  mi  ;,  diih  I.  n  e  o^  Lon.Mtmh' ;  that  b,  jeiulaUm  h  ll.J  de;e  /  >  mm  i-'.itl  ol  I'oK  Roval. 
or  l'L,it  Ro\  il  I,  n;dee,  .-.  ;  nun    \Vel!  ol  Je  u,  il  m. 


1   X  A  Ml' 1.1.    IF 

Fekiii,  in  China,  1 ,  n  d,-;-.  if,  min.  Fall  Fongiiinie,  and  I'oit  Royal  7711.;!,  •;  mm.  Well-,  1  add  iliele 
film  logediii,  amllmd  11  1  7  dei;.  20  mm.  diir,  u  11  «  ot  F.onijiinde  ;  but  lieeaiil,-  1!  is  more  than  1  .Vo  deg.  I 
lublb-.ici  i;>7  d'.g.  :o  mm   tioiii  ^'lO  deg.  .md  tli.ie  remiin,  17.',  deg.  40  nun.  the  dni  unc:  required. 

iMunu.FM 


I'  tl.C   I'nk.   |,,U-;v  I.,  (ilKl  :, 

U-  Mnuli.in;   ,:i,J  h,(1  ^„^; 


I-'!.!:iJc. 


I^'"'^'!'.  at   ,l„.   |,„„e  tu„, 

["•■nul  M.ul>„l4o>l  fT   ,0 
['•  I'.'v.- the  r.i„u.  L.ati.uJc 

■'Vt--    tllf    l.iiuc  L,UlIllclc:l^ 


:•■•  ain-LiiitiKlc-,  ami  the 
,^•  m  II.  ill-  liiil  li.Mng5o 
.^o  111111.  tor  St  ..  kliuliu  is 

'''l:lt   I''  to  (,1\-,    ifniK'  i,i- 

iitiuciKc  (If  the  Latitude 
t-V-  J^  -'iiiii.  South  :   thclc 


the fwic  l.jiuiuL. 

I:-'    I',  juaioi,  a.  the  other-; 

"'  'I"-  N  i;l.  I'ulr  to  the 
'■""^'  lull-  a.  Loiuloii  : 
I  lie   l.imv    l.(iii.;:iu,ic   as 

'  '■   :illo  S.a;ularoo:i,  A:i- 
:iiio:i. 


ou  trik..n  the  r.ongitutlc 
file  other,    aiul  \ou   have 

■ill  no  .1.^.  52  11, in.  I'.aa 
'111^  74  il's^-  ,;■/  niin.  ihl- 
c  01  Jeiulaliiii,  or  Jem- 

111  (lujipoie  Loruioii,  di 
e  ul  l-.oii.;itiul;-  liiiuiuil. 


r.il'  .  f  I.., I). Ion,  aiul 

tofi.'tlicr,  and  their  I'lini 
M.    lull   ot   I'oit  R..\al, 


Hill-  NVelli  I  aiKl  tliele 
1^  iiioie  tliaii  i,*:o  >\e^.  | 
tie..  ret^uireJ. 

I'ROIU.KM 


1 

I 


A  GUIDE  TO  GEOGRAPHY,  &t.  ^..3 

PROBLEM  VIL 

nc  Day  of  the  Mwtb  given  to  find  the  $m's  Place  in  the  Ecliptic. 

Ru.'c  The  d:iy  of  the  tnonth  hcitiR  .iven,  look  on  the  inner  Calendar  on  the  ne.v  Globe.,  and  nou  hav-  the 
%,  and  tlie  decree  oftlut  lign  that  the  Sun  ,s  in  lor  that  day.  aeeoahnt;  to  the  New  .Siyle.  ' 

IMC  he  upon  old  Glohes    ,,ok  on  the  outer  Caletidai.  you  have  the  fi-.n,  and  degree  ol  the  li.n. 

A/.A  \ou  may  lurther  ol.lerve,  tlint  tiie  Calendar  tHed  throughout  Europe  ,s  the  Calendar  tor  New  Style 
on  "tl!;:  Honzo„;^  '"'"  '"  ""''''  '"'"'^"  "  ''^"  "'^  '""'^  ^^y^'=>"''  '^-^^^''  °^'>-  things,  wJoS 

EXAMPLE. 

and  K'liil«r..''''  ^""'^  ''■'"  '"  "''  ^""'''''  '"  ^•'^'  "'  ^"'  ^'^■''^'  ^^^'^''  ^''  >'"^'  ^''  Scptcmlicr  2., 
1  look  lorthele  davs  of  the  months  in  order  as  they  (land  in  the  new  Calendar,  (vl/.,  (or  New  Style  beforo 
aim^^hel'I^'isSolIif"^^''^^    ""^^ 

T,m.n;.;I.M,gain(l\Iay  2.I(indo,iedet;.ofGeii,,„,:ai,dahoonMareh.,If,ndhemt^^^^ 
Ik  .liter.  Canter :  on  bepteinber  zi  he  enter,  LiUra:  and  .^n  Deeenibcr  21  he  enters  Capricorn. 

PROBLEM  VIK. 

The  Sun's  Place  given,  to  find  the  Day  of  the  Month. 

This  is  only  the  reverie  o^thelormcr  Probkm:  for  hiviiin  t!,e  Sun's  place  given,  leek  it  in  the  Circles 
ainoii;;-  the  lis^ns ;  then  agamk  that  device  in  die  Calendar,  New  Style,  you  luve  the  day  of  the  month  req.iircd, 

EXAMPLE. 

I  would  kno;v  what  time  of  the  year  the  Sun  is  in  i  deg.  of  Gemini:  as  .nlfo  when  he  enters  Aries,  Cancer, 
Lil)ra  and  Capricorn  >  1  nneed  according  to  the  rule,  and  you  will  liad  the  liays  to  be  May  the  a  ill,  Uuie  the 
21II,  September  the  in\,  and  I)ji.ember  tlu  21II,  as  in  the  kill. 

PROBLEM  IX. 

Tie  Latitude   and  Ihy  of  the   Motuh  gi-ccn,  to  find  the  Sun's  Place   in  the   Ecliptic,  and  verify  the   doles 

for  ufe. 

Rule.  I'ind  the  Sun';,  pl.iee  011  the  1 1.Mi/nn  \,\  I'l.iblein  the  Seventh  ;  and  having  noted  what  de'2;rcc  hei?  in, 
lo -k  upon  the  E.liptie  on  the  Globe,  and  lind  the  lame  lign  and  degree  as  you  tiid  011  the  Hori/.ou  ;  ilien  brin;>- 
thiv  tlegrec  of  the  P'.ehptic  very  ( areluilv  to  the  graduate  ed_;e  of  tiie  bra/.^n  Meridian,  ;:  :  \  i,j.'J:;ig  the  (jloi)c 
lle.uly,  turn  tlu  Index  e\.ae"tl\  to  the  upper  twelve,  (which  reprelents  tWL'Ne  at  n  kjii)  ;  and  thus  is  die  Globe 
rectified  for  that  day  ;  and  ilie  d.gvee  of  the  IvJiptie  that  ii.s  umier  the  L^jualur  rep;■e:eilt^  the  Sun's  piaee  at 
noon,  or  twelv.- o'clock  thitdav. 

*.■  The  Allron  oiucv's  day  i  reck..vKd  from,  orbegir.^at,  tw.lvc  oMh  k  •,  and  if  you  (ix  th.e  Q^iadiv.nt  of 
Altitude  to  the  LalituJ.-  in  the  /Celiitli,  the  Globe  will  be  completely  redtitiLd. 

PROBLEM    X. 

To  tc'.l  the  Deci'iihition  of  the  Sun  on  any  Day  cf  the  Tear. 

Rule.  Ilaving  lountl  tiic  Sun'  ■  place  in  the  Ecliptie  for  thi'  given  liav,  bring  it  to  the  brazen  Meridian,  and 
(il)Lrve  what  degree  ot  the  Meriihan  it  lies  under,  and  wliether  it  be  on  the  Nortli  or  on  the  South  tide  of  the 
Ei;uu<'r,  lor  that  is  tlie  ileilinaiioii  reijuired,  which  iv  calk-d  North  or  South  declination  accord i n '.b'.  Thus, 
(Ml  April  zil!  the  Sun  has  1  1  dcg.  ^o  mm.  North  ileclination  ;  and  on  Mav  tl;c  ;ill  he  has  20  dej!  30  min. 
dei  liiut'.on  ;   luit  on  (Kiulier  thi.   :7tli  he  has  12  deg.  ;o  min.  South  declination. 

PROBLEM  XI. 

'7'he  Latitude  and  D.:y  "/  the  Month  given,   to  tell  the  Sun's  Meridian  /lltitudc,  viz.  his  Ihi^ht  at  Noon. 

Rule.     Bring  the  Suii'^  jilace  to  iIk'  Meridian,  and  ..liferve  what  ilegivc  of  the  Meridian  the  Sun's  place  is 

under;  (ortluile  degrees  on  the  Meridian  that  are  intercepted,  or  he  between  theS.^udi  Wrgeol  ti^e  Hori/.on.and 

th.' degree  v.iiiili  i'  ovcrihe   Sun's  place  on  t!ic   Meridian,  (counted  on  the  Meikiian,)  is  the  Suir>  Meridian 

Aliitu  ie  retpiiied. 

Thii  ,  I  lind  his  Mei;i!ian  Aliitule  i;i  London,  Miv  the  2111,  to  be  sgt-leg.  but  on  November  tlic  fdi  be  has 

Jl  :j  deg.  30  iiiin.  AltitUvle. 

PK' on  I.EM    XII. 

Tie  Latitude  and  lliy  rf  the  Mcvlh  g'ven,  to  tell  the  Sun's  Altitude  at  any  Time. 

Example.  On  'Mw  the  2l(l,  at  nine  m  the  ni-  ruing,  and  at  live  in  the  aliernoon,  at  London,  1  would  know 
the  Sun's  Ahiiu.!.'  oi-  h-.ighi  ' 

Rule.     Rertify  the(  il.'be  tor  the  Latitude,  and  bring  ihe  Sun's  place  1 1  deg.  Gemini)  to  the  Meridian,  and  j 

the  ln.h\  to  the  ui'i-er  t\'  elve  on  the  n:.i!-pl'.te  ;  then  Icr.w  the  Q^iadrant  ol  altitude  on  the  Zenith,  (vi/..   the  ^v; 

led  edti-'ot'the  Nut  nu:!l  I  e  fixed  0^1  the  Meiiilian,  :<:  51  deg.  30  m:n.!  thm   turn  the  Globe  till  the  Inde.T.  'U| 

points  to  the  hour,  vi/.  nine  in  the  morning  :    this  done,  tix  ihe  Globe  by  thrulling  a  quill  between  11  and  the  *,| 

I  lori/-ii  :  la''dv,  turn  the  Q;^iidrant  nlvnit  till  th.e  gudu.ateil  or  hgured  edge  touvli  the  Sun's  plae^ .  ^vi/,  1  deg. 
(iemini,)  and  I'.e  degree. on  the  fj^iadrant,  couiitidl  oni  the  Hori/on  upwards  on  theQiiadraiu,  i-  his  height  at 
that  lime,  vi/..  4  ;  ilei\.  30  min.  Then  turn  the  Gluli.  'ill  the  Index  points  at  live  in  the  .it'temooii ;  and  alio  turn 
the  (Jj^i.idi.uu  0:1  the  W'ell-liile  (\vidi  an  un'.'. rawing  it'  'ill  it  touches  the  Sun's  pkice,  and  you  li.ave  alhait  14  .leg 
on  the  Qiiadrant,  hi.  Altitude  at  tliat  time. 

N.ll.  At  NorihCape,  (m/..  North  Latitude,  72  deg.  at  nine  in  the  morrning.^May  the  ^nl,  lie  ulllbeluit 
about  ;2  deu.  high. 

No.  y.;  II  O  PROBLEM 


f 


m ' ' 


i.* 


.i 


974 


Tli  Liitituje  gi-jc'i. 


A  r.riDF.  TO  nr.ooRAPHY.  ?.>-. 

PROBLEM  XIII. 
to  teU  !hc  Rijing  and  Setibi^z  "Z'^''  ^""^  ""^  I.nigih  of  tit  D.iy  ,ihd  Ni_iht,'at  any  Ttmf  if 


ti.' 


Tear  tn  any  Place. 


RcdilV  \\w  Gln'.c,  (V 


i/.  elevate  it  toi  the  LiUitudi-  britip;  the  Sun'',  plaie  t  >  the  Meridian,  and  Index 


ivv.lvi   ;  tlitn  turn  ii  till  il)i.Sa:i>  plaec  lonus  cvin  with,  orhcs  iiehi  ai;:iiiiil,  ilu-  inmr  Vir^o,  on 
the  liall'-iKle  ot  ilic  I'l.n  '.on,  then  thi-  liulex  will  Ihcw  yuu  the  tinv.  ut  tin.  SunVnliuj' ;  turn  it  to  the  Will-lide, 


to  tiie  uppei 


Ot 


Vcr^c  of  the  \\ 

unt  ho' 


on/.on 


and  the  'ndex  will  fltcw  you  thcCeltin 


Or  il 


ui'^ ;  naviii!'  iv't  the  hour 


the  Si 


ua  riU 


inv  it  wants  ot  twelve,  torlo  many  hours  will  it  let  at'ier.     Thus,  it  the  IiuK  x  jvmiUs  to  torr  in  the 


morning  at  riling,  it 


ill  of 


courle 


be  at  eight  at  ni^ht,  iV 


Fnnecd  thus,  and  you  will  find  the  Sun,  on  May  the  ifuh.at  London,  to  rile  ahout  four  in  the  morninp;,  ami 
5  at  eioht  at  niulit.     Now  double  what  he  want-  of  twelve  at  riling,  vi/..  eipht  hour-,  a  id  it  i;ives  the  length  ot" 


that  dav  in  London,  vl/..  lixteeii  hoiiis. 


PROBLEM  NIV. 

To  tell  tht  Sun  s  ri^bt  AjiC.fion. 


fur  t 
I 


rinj. 
h.it  IS ! 


tlie  S( 


lace  to  the  brazen  Me 


wou 


Id  k 


."It  ;" 

IU>'.V  tliC 


leenlion  uq'.  ' 
Jun's  ri'.ihi  A. 


ri' 


■ilian  (■ 


d 


dei^rec  of  the  l-Aituator  is  cut 


,C  Mei.tli.m. 


iil'i,  .line  the  21II,  September  the  2:d,  .ind  December 


lie  21! 
Iti 


nd  the  Sun'.-  plate  for  tlufc  ditlcrcnt  d, 
(Oi.  in  ,oc\  in;i8r\  and  in  !  270  dc^ 


!()  t 


he  Meiidian  ;  1  find  the  Meridian  cuts  the  E 


tor  in  (Oi,  HI  ,9c 


.)  1 


W'  I  I'.'llt 


Al  <• 


1  rfciuireit 


Note.     When  tlie  Sun    enieis  Aries,  Marih   the   2ii 


Kiht  Afcenflon,  becaiifc  it 


qu.i- 
niiited 


fr. 


ini,  or 


Kgll 


at,  Ar 


ihevef 


Mar^h  the  20th,  he   mull    have   his   greatell    rij.;,ht  Alecnlion,  viz. 


PROBLEM    XV 


To  find  tht  Fun's  dli^Mi'  Jfcnfitn  and  DcfiCnficn  at  any  Time,  and  in  any  Latitude 


Ruk.     Rc-tifv  t 


he    (il.'be    tor  the  [..atitiide,  ar.d  1 


lir;nii   the 


>lace 


(lo'.vn 


to   the   eadern  ^'crge  of 


the  Horizon  ;  then  oblerve  w'.i.it    dep;ree  the  Hori/on  i. uts  the   Etiuator   in,  t(r  that  is  the  oblique  Aleenliei 


M 


retj'.iired. 

Tiui  .  on 
cnicrs  Aim 
(iXo\  .and  C.;o4'' 


ar  11  the 


C.in^^ 


2il"t,    I:.nc  til 
Libi 


Mi.   SqMem 


r.K-r  tlie 
ill  I 


I/eccmbcr  the  iill,  vr/..  wlien  the  Sun 


1.1,  an. I  C,;iiricurn,  you  will  luul  h;,  oblicjiic  Afcenfion  at  Lonilon  to  be  ^o.)  (■ 


And  on  the  fame  days  liis  oMiquc  U.-ieenli.'n  will  be  (c),  (12  ^)   (,iSo).  and  (; 


ind  a  hah.) 


\    r 


Hi  L::i:i! 
or   fe'.i 
IkJlx  to . 


A. 


I'ROHL  i:.M  XVI. 

cf  the    Month  given,  to  teil  the    .^:in\<  (ife«/:c>ut!  Dffrrr'ue.,  rir.  h 


ozL'    mm; 


h  h 


k1 


GLin- 


anji.i-ucnt.y    to    Ic 


tic    Lc 


IKC 


Days,    J^fp'f''   tbi 


lerc   no 


R 


Uii. 


Bv  the  laO-  Trublcm  fin 


find  the  Sun'-  ri^ht  and 


Ak 


■nil' in  :   I  lien 


ri2,hi  Alcenlion,  or  tiu-  c  'i.tr.'.ry 


and  the  remainder  is  the  ulccnliona 


:d  dui; 


Uibtrae't  the  obli;iie  from  tlu 
o-nee  reiiuired  ;  which  divide  I  by  ht- 


tecn, 


thedcCTreefol  tlu-  Eir 


tor  t 


ives  the  an'over  1 


:i  time,  that  the  Sun  rilv 


li.at  pal's  through  the  Meriilian  of  one  i.ojr.  ^or  levm  aiul  a  hall  for  halt  an  li'>ur,) 


;ind  lets  bciore  and  after  li.t. 


T 


1U-,  :jn 


Ma\  the  iOih  I  lintl  the  Sun  6  deg.  ot  Gemir 


i.iht  .'v. 


.b'.ique  aUenlion  is  34  dcg. 


4.ileg.  troll)  (14  (leg.  ilieic  n 


nfion  i-  I'.v  dcg.  and  on  the  him 


JO  deg. 


ir.  .ikcniion.i 


dili 


erence ; 


wiilcli,  ill',  :>ie\l  b\   1 ;,  gives  two  hoi    ...  the  time  tli.it  he  riles  b.lore,  or  let-  alter  lix. 

I'ROCLEM    X\li. 

Tbs  I..v.itude   and  Day  cf  the  Month  f^ivcn.  to  teil  the  Sun's  Amp'ilude,  './'.  his   l)ijhince  from    the  Eaft  and 

ll'ill  i'oints  of  the  Ccmpiifs  Le  rijes  and/cls  upon. 

Rule.  T!ie  filobe  being  rcclilied,  bring  the  Sun's  plue  to  the  caflern  \'crge  oftlic  Horizon,  (which  Ihew-  its 
r  nng,)  tliCn  the  degree  upon  the  innernrol*  Circle  of  tlie  Horizon,  counted  from  the  true  Eail  Point  to  the  place 
■Ahue  the  Sun'-  place  lies  a.:a:n!l  on  the  Horizon,  Iheus  \ou  the  Sun'.  Amplitud.e. 

Piocc'.d  attording  to  the  lule,  you  will  find  the  Sun'-.  Amplitude  a;  LonUi.n,  (May  the  21II,)  at  rifing,  to  bo 
abi  v.t  ^4  deg.  from  tiie  Ivilf  to  the  North,  and  .it  felting,  VV  dig.  fiom  the  Weil  to  the  North  ;  and  the  I'.ont 
he  1  r^s  up.  n  is  Nortii-E.dl  by  Eitl,  and  he  lets  North-Well  by  Well ;  but  on  Nvivembir  the  ;-,th  he 
lias  ab'vii  2;  deg.  and  .\  liilf  Amplitude  fiom  the  Eall  to  the  .South,  and  al  fttsing  25  ileg.  and  a  h.ilt  liom 
the  \Vl'.>  to'  the  South.  The  P..ii,t  he  rili^  uoon  i  E;ifl  South- I'.ali,  and  the  Point  he  lets  upon  is  Well- 
Soaih-WeiL 

PROI'.LEM    Will. 

Tit.  Latitude   cud  D.;y    -iven,  te  tell  the    Snn'i    Aznniilb,  id:.  h:s  Diftamt  from    the  Eajl  and  If'eff,  or  from 

the  North  and  Scutb  Ponits,  at  any  Time. 

Rule.  Rectify  the  Globe  in  general,  then  turn  the  GLVoetiU  the  Index  point-  to  the  given  hour  :  this  being 
doiK.turn  t!.e  fii^iadrant  till  it  touches  th-  Sun's  pl.Kefor  the  givn  dav  ;  .and  then  the  f^iad,i  ant  will  cut  the  Ho- 
riz.n  in  the  .'^.zimuth  required,  from  the  Eall  or  Well  Points,  or  froi.i  the  North  or  S  lutl-  Points;  for  you  may 

reckon  lro:'i  cither,  only  then  name  il  properly,  and  aci  Midingly.  .  , 

Thus,  on  Aug;:!'  the  17th,  at  nine  in  the  morniniMhe  Sun  will  have  about  30  deg.  Azimuth,  from  the  Kalr 

to  the  Sojih.  or,  vi  :,i.  a  1 .  the  fame,  60  de-.  Irom  iiuuih  to  die  L.ill :  tor  Oo  deg.  and  30  dc  g.  make  90  deg.  il'.e 

\vii'/le  quarter  l.o.i  Eall  to  Soutli. 

PU(;i3LEM 


975 


'<i.iht,'at  iViyTiiiif  (f  tl' 

If  Meridian,  .-iiul  I,kIcx 
|iiil,  ihr  iniur  Viri;f,  on 
I  urn  II  t.,  tlic  Wul-luk., 
I't  tlic  hour  llicSiinrilf  , 

l^xp  Milts  In  toi-rinthc 

jf'Hir  inthc  niortiinfT,  ntul 


'S'-m  I     .:,c  M.i.ctun, 

[the  2Ji|,  .i;kI  DcccmlHr 

iMoridi.in  cuts  l!,e  F.qu.i- 

It    i.  touiitcil 
iglit  Au.-niii.n,  v,^. 


I.atituJ,-. 

'"   iIk'  i-iiKtii  ^'c^ge  ui 
IS  the  oWiijiie  AlieMli^n 

«i(t,  VIZ.  wlieti  the  Sun 
Liiiuion  to  be  ^o,)  (,-'i), 

nnd  a  h.ili.) 


-/-.  l.'o:i'    finicb  h  rifts , 
•>    J"PP'S<-'   there  litre   no 


ui  thc()t)li.,i;c-  from  th;j 
<l ;  which  (iividf  I  |.y  (it. 
'l;'-l:ahl..rl;aitaiihMur,) 

<''4di'?.  aiul  on  tlu- faiiu- 
i^  .ilifiiiiun,.i  (JilifiincL-; 


''Vice  from   the  EjJI  tin  J 

'.'ri/,on,  (wliii.li  (hew  its 
tail  l'.ji:it  to  tlie  pl.ii..- 

he-  211I,)  at  rifins,  to  ho 
.  Nortli  ;  and  the  I'.iiiit 
1  Nuvcnilur  tlic  .^th  h^- 
5  di;^.  and  a  hall  Iroin 
he  !i  ts   upon  is  VV'cll- 


KriJlatU  n'ejl,  cr  /,m 

y\vc»  hour :  this  Icing 
.■ldi;ii)t  will  tut  the  I  !o- 
.1'   I'oints;    lur  \i'ii  III  \y 

zimuth,  frjm  tlic  Half 
d.g.  tiwkepo  ik/y  t!;c 


A  r.UIDR  TO  GEOGRAPHY,  &c. 
PROBLEM    XIX. 

nc  Latitude,  D.iy,  and  Hour  given^  to  ttll  the  Sun's  Almicanter. 

D  E  {•  I  M  T  1  O  N. 

Alm.cantcr,  ar-  C  „vi.s  o(  Aititiuic  that  rut.  parallel  to  the  Hori/.on.  whofe  Poles  are  the  Zenith  and  Vadi,  • 
(o  mat  yoM  may  inuuvncax  many  Cnclcs  ot  Ahiiiuk'.  viz.  Almiianteis    a^  you  nkale  ' 

Pt.!i'!Hu  t'^''''  '^'"■■'""""  "'"'""'  ^'"^ '•^'■'^- ^'^  '''^'  Altitudeotd.eSunatai.y  imie/tlwrelore  I  refer  you  hack:- 

PROBLEM    XX. 
The  I.  Uilude  .;«./  /y*^//,  cft/^r  Day  ^ivcn,  to  tell  what  othtr  Day  of  the  Tear  ,vill  be  of  the  fame  Ltngth. 


PROBLEM    XXI. 

1'hi  Latitude  ,iiid  D.iy  .?;:;•«,    to  tdl  the  B^-^inninir,  Ending,   and  ( eonfejuently ;  the  Length,  or   Continuance, 

cf  Tiiilight . 


1)  E  [•  I  N  1  T  1  O  N. 


Twil;p,ht  is  that  laint  h^-ht  whu  h  I)cp;in5  iiiiiiKdiately  altcrihe  Sun  lets  in  the  evening,  till  he  is  18  deg.  below 
ihc  I  Ion/on  ;  and  it  l)e<:!;inr  in  the  morning,  whui  tlic  Sun  comes  within  is'  d-g.  of  the  J  lori/.on  on  the  liall-lide, 
and  ends  when  h'  rif.'s.  Thcrefi>re  it  is  plani,  tint  Twiliuht  is  not  onlv  l)n-cr  when  days  iiicrealj  in  length, 
but  it  ih  alio  much  lliongcr,  as  will  be  lecn  l>\  the  vsork  ol  the  Piobicni.' 

O  B  S  !•:  R  \'  A  T  1  O  N. 

jV,;,'(.  Yon  were  told  that  Twilloht  begins  and  cnd^  wl'cn  the  Sun  is  1 8  deg.  be'  ■  liiv  !  :  izon  ;  and  as  the 
Qi_iadrant  ot  Aliiiude  reacht-  no  1  )*er  than  the  I  lorizoii,  therefore  th.e  rule  is  th'    . 

Recti  V  tlie  (ilobe,  and  brinp,  the  oppolite  dcfziee  of  the  Sun',  place  to  the  Q;^  li  ■. .  ■  "  Alutud-e,  lo  tluat  it 
tout  lies  jull  18  tleg.  ontluf.)i_i;ulr..nt,ftlieii  ..  i- plain  that  the  Sun's  real  lil.ue  w.  ;  'le  .er  II-.a.;  i"  dep.  below  the 
Hoii/oii);  then  li.^k  at  ihe  Index,  lor  that  Wi"  point  (ii  among  the  niorni:;7  he  m_  sj  t:  e  beginuing,  or  (it' 
amnnj,  th,  c\,.  \mv.\  hnirs)  cndiii;j;  k,\  Twilij;ht. 

Ppi.ced  tlien  .according  to  the  rule,  and  you  will  find  that  on  March  the  .  .  .  i.ul  ' -ptembcr  the  2:J,  Twi- 
light begins  about  lour  in  the  uionrng,  and  end*  about  ci.!;ht  at  night. 

The  Sun  on  thelV  days,  y,)u  know,  riles  and  lets  at  fix.  Add,  therefore,  lii  length  ni  nvrninn;  ami  evrning 
Twili<!,ht  to  twelve  hours,  (ihe  length  of  the  day  then,)  and  it  ^i\cs  lixteen  lioui^;  tlii-,  li.lvuacted  tioui  tweiity- 
fnur  h:nir  ,  leaves  ei'dit  h<nirs,  ilu;  ien<;th  of  tlic  ical  or  d  iik  nit;ht. 

So  all'oon  Api  lithe  a4t'.i,Twir,j;h:  l<|.'.insa!ii;ut  l'.a!f|)all  two,  ends  al'  "it  half  pall  niii. .  wld  h  is  in  all  (sen 
liour-.  But  on  l)ei  ciiibci  the  .:odi  ii  begins  at  li\,  and  cndi  at  Itx,  which  i-.  in  all  i  ui  three  hour^  and  torty  iiiii'.ut.s. 

PROBLEM    XXII. 

Tie  Ilciir  g!v:n  -:  here  you  are,  tc  tell  :::h,u  Hour  it  is  in  any  other  Part  of  the  World, 

Rule.  Brui;!  the  given  placet  )  the  Mer.d:an,  and  let  the  Index  at  the  given  hour ;  then  turn  the  Globe  till  the 
oilu  r  |)lace,  or  ]'lai  e-,  ccnie  under  the  Meridian,  ar.d  the  Iiul.x  will  jioint  to  the  real  time  in  the  place  required. 

/.'.v. ?.//."/'■.  \Vlien  It  1-.  two  o'clock  in  the  attcriioon  at  Loiulin,  I  Wi'uld  know  the  time  at  jcruliilem,  and  at 
PoitR. '.  :d  in  Jamaica  ' 

I'lo,  eed  acc'iidinij,  to  the  rule,  ami  vouwiil  find  that  when  it  ii  two  ir.  the  afternoon  at  Loni  n,  it  is  twenty- 
\]\  ■  lainuiis  jiall  four  at  J.^ruiideni ;  and  but  lifty-tuo  minutes  pall  eight  in  the  mornins;  at  Po:t-R'.'yal. 

Or  t'.n-,  !''■  Pi'.blcm  the  Sixih,  jeiufaleni  is  :;"  deg.  15  min.  Eall  Longitude  ot  London  ;  1  divide,  ther.foro 
3  >  dc;j;.  15  mm.  by  lU;ee:i,  aiul  t'le  ( l^ioticiu  is  iw  1  hours,  and  the  remainder  is  lix,  which  is  fix  times, or  twenty- 
iinir  lumiite-,  ami  the  odd  liltecn  miiiuies.or  iiiilc^,  in  oi:e  minute  ;  lb  that  the  ditlcrencc  is  twodiours,  twenty- 
iivc  minutes-,  a;;d  a.  Jerulalcm  i.  I'.ail  ol  lamdon,  it  has  its  hour  before  us  tlieicfoiv  it  is  twcn;y!ive  minutes 
aucilour  in  the  alter. 10011.     Ami  thus  for  o:her  pi'.ces. 

PROBLEM    XXill. 

Tic  D.:\-  cf  the  M:n:h  given,  to  tell  thofe  InLslnUiius  that  ivill have  the  Sun  in  tk'ir  Zenith  (or  ever  their  Head) 

0.  'hit  Day. 

This  cannot  happen  to  any  other  inhabitants  bui  ihofe  in  the  Torrid  Zones ;  th.at  is,  to  all  luch  as  have  no. 
.ibiive  :;  lieu,  and  a  half  of  Laiitudc.  either  N  iviii  or  South. 

Ride.'  l\:uv'  the  Sun's  place  to  the  Meridian,  and.  oi-fcrve  cxacf  iv  his  detlination  lor  that  day  ;  then  t  untiie 
( Ilobe  any  w  ,ivi  anil  oblerve  what  pla.  es  jufs  under  thai  dc\i!:rcee  of  declination  on  the  Meridian  ;  lot  all  luch  w  ,il 
have  the  Sun  rii-li!  iiver  their  heads  lome  time  or  oth.er  on  that  day. 

I  would  knoA  what  inliabitan: -,  or  places,  will  have  the  Sun  in  ihcir  Zenith  on  May  the  iilP 

Proceed  .is  diic>\cd  by  the  rule,  vou  will  find  Si.  lajo,  in  1  lilpaniola-,  St.  j.igo,  in  Cuba;  Cainpe.achv,  anel 
nianN  other  place-,  will  p.ifs  un  ler  th.it  dei<,iee  i.l   deduuuion,  viz.  (:o  de;e,.  North,)  atul  will  have  the  >un  m 

il'.eir  Zenith  that  dav.  ,      ,„      ,      „        r  ^-         11      er-     • 

'le  O.oonoko-lllamls,  Bay  ot  aiam,  lile  ot  Leyion, 


Alfo,  on  April  the  nuh,  the  inhabitanis  of  Porto-Hello,  the  O.oonoko-lllands, 
md  the  Philippme-lllamf ,  will  have  the  Sun  in,  nr  near,  'heir  Zenith,  on  that  day. 


then  vertical,  viz. 


PROBLEM    >NX1V. 

The  Day  and  Ihur given  in  aw:  n.tce,  to  tell  thcje  b,la!'!tants,  or  that  Place,  to  which  the  Sun  is 

in  the  Z'lhtb. 

Rule.  Brincrthe  -dven  place  to  tlie  brazen  Meridian,  and  turn  the  Index  to  the  given  hour;  this  done, 
turn  tl,.-  (,'olvtill  t'"-  liu!e.v  p  .ints  toiiie  upper  1 ',  or  noon;  then  look  umler  the  degree  ot  declination  on  the 
Cilobe  of  that  da-  -   '     'lull  is  the  vciy  tpoi,  or  place,  to  which  the  Sun  is  Uicn  vertical.  Hxunpk 


1' 


9; 


(1 


A    filJlDE  TO    C.F.OflRAPMY,   f.r. 


Example.  On  M;u  the  i  ;tli,  :i;  ^-v^hi  minuti'.  jufl  tlvc  ii»  ttic  atieinooii  .11  LoiuK^n,  I  woulj  kiio\s  %h.\\.  platr 
li.T-  the  Sim  ill  their  /;  nith  r     Aiihver,  roit-Rnyal,  in  j.im.iica. 

Tiiu- a!l'i>  >  oil  will  linil,  when  11  i'^  tliirtv-t!iri.cininiiU'-  jiall  li\  in  ilu-  nioriiini;  at  I.mul  m.nn  Ainil  ih'  mli, 
;i;k1  Ai.^ulliliL'it''tb,tlicialaim,i:,i    ul  C.iiuly,  intlic  Hl.imi  ul  C(.')ion,uiil  li.u.iin  Sin  tlicMiciily  in  s'l-.  11  A-;ut!i'. 

OF  THE  MAGNET,  OR  LOADSTONE. 


'I    i 


t  t. 


\V1'-Ili.ill  mn  fuquiic  u!k-;\  flu- l..aii(lonc  was  full  kno'.vn,  our  picli  nt  InifiiK-lV  l>ri!i<;  nn'y  lo  give  thr 
Natii;-al  HilltHV  ol  It.  I'lill.  llicn.  \w  will  I'li'nvr  its  variixi-.  pi..p. nics  w'.ik'.i  c\!»  riciir'e  Ii.is  madf 
kn.Hvii;  anil,  in  tiie  next  plai.c,  iiiopolc  tlu'  oiiinunih  ot  iiliiloluplms  Luntviiiiiiii  it.  latuii.il  nature  ..!ui 
ililii  ilition. 


riie  I,oai.lll'-»ne  :■  t'ouml  i:i  ip>n-niincs  antl  is  muili  o\  a  iDhnir  ami  w.'icjit  with 


IT. 


'WiMT,  II  i>  nott 


he  MKlt'il  and  Ii  inuncivil  out  like  iioii,  but  llies  to  pic.c^  uniUr  'Ik-  hamiuor,  and  turns  to  a  (alx  in  llic  li 


L-h    ll 


Utlli 


hat  it- part.  e\ict\i  tlioll- ot  iron  Uir  hardiuls  ii'^MdncIs,  aiul  an  iiiiiiiali-  1  miil-.inatii  11  one  wiih  aii- 


uws  11 

Tir^  i--  worili  o  ■{'<. 


bec'inlc  it  wiil  he  ot   iile  in  the  tollowinj);  dilVouil 


lis  known 


pvoptr'.ie-  .ir 


iIrU':   i'lni,  when  ii  nunc  Irtelv, 


South, 


lb  as  tli.it  pari  i-i  it  wliitii  Oaiuls  I'loiK  I'ule,  never  uirn^  toth.ei'il 


uui  iMi  unit  any   oliiLule,  it  points  N..11I1  ar.J 


if  10  !\wui  it  in  the  water  u 


a  riei'e  ot  woi 


I'hilotopliers  h.avc  ohlciwd,  ihat  the  Loailll 


A  ah' 


intliiif-  10  !Ik' 


Fall  or  Well  wiiImui  anv  rule 


avs  point  till 


The  way  to  j^u 
N'l'rih  and  S.'ui 


It  a  lue 


inoiion. 


nit  lunictuncs 


W') 


AKKlltoneb  p 


ecd  :'.i  a  certain  dillai-ce  tro;ii 


cai  h  lather,  do  mutuallv  a 


their  vaii^us  ^  -liiion^.  Theii-  J'arf.  whicli  I'.and  N'orih,  I'einj,  oppole 


•ir 


pp 


'  K  II 

111 


or  rtrc.lc,  aecordm;;  f^) 
10  a  dill  .lite  lioiii  eai  li  ollur;  but 


the  South-end  ol  tl  -•  one  draws  t>  tl'.e 


NortI 


t'ihe  oiher ;  and  lo  ■;v(V  '••'iyj.t.  Tiule  pan-  ot'tlie  I., 


dit. 


vc  I  all  ihcir  I'olcs  and,  tor  a  real'on  wh'th  will  appear  h.re.itf.r,  wc  iball  eail  that  the  South  I'oli  whieli  turns 
to  the  Nonh.and  thatihe  Norih-l'ole  wluch  p.ini>  i'  the  S.' 


Pole 


Lo.:d!lone^  will  hold  up  one  another  ill  the.-.ir  In  turns  ii  the  Norih-l'ole  ut'ihc  on  ■ 
the  oihcr;  an  i  ".vVc'  vvf.i.     S.>m.'ti.nei  a  ii_^htcr  LoaJllone  will  hold  14)  a  l.e,i\  ie;,  wlien 


i;t  M  tlu 


lOlilll- 


ilie  I.eavui  will 


n.i 


t  hoK: 


li 


Itvl-. 


It  i .  obfcrvable  th.u  all  L.oadllines  ar.'  nut  eouall'.  bnili  and  nimble  in  turnint!;  \t  the  Pi.lc'.  ol  ihe  W  ■ 


IS  11 


ir  a'tr.vi.iu  \iriue  a 


hou; 


11 


;h  a  Loadilon.'  j;.re:a!ly  ha-  two  I'ol.s,  p.jinliiig  Novih  antl  Soutii,  as  we  l.iid  before,  y^t  iher-  a. v.  Ionic 


ineii\.lar  oius,  w 


hich  k 


eeni  i.)  h.'., c  more 


l'..le 


A--  one  Loadlione  holii-.  11 


1- 


d.ill  be  llijv 


ther,  lu  it  doc^ 


i  Lireatcr  or  lel.  wt'i;!ii  inaii  1 


I.  el' 


the: 


di^r 


a  Loadlbme,  tiie  [i.irinles  will  iii:pok-  tlR'i:iltI\e'>  dire. 


lU  retwevli 


t'leP. 


and 


e>-.s  nicline 


to  an  or;,;cular  liguie,  lo  .is  lo  lie  paral 


llhthi 


iheL 


le,  unLl   It  W  one 


ot  t::e  irrei',t: 
L' 


I  e'.o'.\-nv;ui  ioned. 


Tl'.e  Loailtr  'n.'  impair   itv  \iriue'-  Im  i("n  to  o(T.  laalh  .  that  iron,  loii'.hed  v.ith  .1  r.oadd.iic,  ap|'.-'.ir  toh;ivc 


\\  the   J) 


a:or^luid,  tliouu,!)    ii"i    in  .m   v.iiu.u  1  i'>ii.<.-. 


]i.  11  11,  eit  1:1  t..e 
(■ans  ci'  the  v\\) 


M 

Id. 


nine 


•-  Net 


y  til',    help  whtie.)!  tl.e\    w 


The  g.v.it  hi.-  it  llii 
'  ly  l.,.d  i'..e  ^.'ol,h  a., 


.  nir.u.iie.iii  11    1     e\- 
S.uiih,  .ukI  ail  oiher 


It  ii  obluv.abli  that,  on  thi    I'dc  the  Eq'.iitor,  the  Noith-Point  ol  tiie  X..dl   is    uuu-dipu  i,'  .1 
in.'o  to  ilie  .South  ;  on  the  lurtlu  r  llde  the  N  jr!h-Po;ni  1,  eL\ated,  aiul  iheSciiiili  deph.ll  d  ;  b'.n 


hail  di  It  \i 

11  .di.1  ihl 


it  keeps  no  I'.tuati  >n,  nor  !>.  ot  a:i\  iilc. 


;  lit 

I, 


tlian  It  iii'Cs  tiv  1 


.u.u/a.  tonaiii 


lUaivs  :t"  v; 


uc  i'.' ir  n,  lo  wlun  it  !■  Itt  i:i   ion,  it  aui.aT: 


r  aiti  wti.'lit  ' 


■fit 


LMadlo'ii. 


0).>. 


led  if'  ihev  li.;  Ion"  near  or 


an' ; her,  \w 


th  the  North  or  S  uih  Pole 


4  oneopp.)!ei 


Itot' 


lam,- P.: 
lio'i  ;    a:' 


ae.,ii.i\ 


ot  iiie  I'ti 


it  tluv  are  thorouzhb.  b.eaicd  in  the  fiif,  wli'ih  hkewil'e  '.luiils  the  iiuo,neiic  xiituc  in 


h 


lii  ■,  \  inue  1    iii.i-h  impairetl  in  no:i  !^y  its  : 
MP,  pbucd  a;  knj;th  North  and  South,  and 


.111,  t 


o  wIulIi  the  1^0 


lib 


lontuunn"  lo  tor  a  !o:i^  tiiii,  wiilio'.ii  alte:ai;.^n 


ne  I'  no',  lu  I, 
tlv 


o!ien 


.  ii.a;inei;c  viiiu^ 


a^  the  old  cr'  He-  up'jn  tiiurilKs  ai -■  tound  ti 


I,  Hi 

1 1  ;■■ 


'  \^ 


or  THE  SEA. 

AFTER  ,'i'ur.tain-  and  iivcrs,  it  i-  now  |.!oji(;,-  to  view  the  eomnion  reteptaile  of  them  all,  the  Sea,  wb.icli  is 
(hai  v.;:i  ijuaniiiy  of  ialr  water  exieiulint!;  tr-ni  North  to  South,  and  ti"ni  Wt-d  to  Fall,  luin.unding  ihetlr\  land 
.  :i  ive.\  llde,  int"  v.  liiih  all  Iht  u;r  d;  .lurgi-  tliunlelve-,  and  out  of  which  lui ;;hty  L',ulplis  and  bays  are  tormed. 


;lr.  ureate:!  '■  I  uh;c!i  i-  ;ht  MLvht  nan;  an. 


Th 


lie  is,  in  onewoitl,  e.iile.l  ihe  Ocean,  but  variouily  diilin- 


.'.ulhtd  M\A  na;-.i(.il,  f'-o;Ti  the  tcviral  cunin'.- by  whole  loalh- it  inns.  In  1;  diere  are  tliel'e  three  properties 
i.iicliy  .onlideied  by  Naturah.lls  ;  1- n  ll ,  us  inleparable  lallni  Iv,  S.tondb',  it- lonHant  eipial'ty  ol  bulk,  not- 
r.idillaniiir:"  die  inceliixnt  llowiiig  of  all  river-  into  it  ;  and  Thirdly,  the  tide  or  liowing  and  tbbini;  ol  it-  waters 
1,  )•  t  ev.rv  d:iy  :   all  whkh  propertl."-.  wc  lliall  lonfidir. 

'I',.-  lait'iiels  ofihc  lea-water  leenis  toprotc-etl  troin  the  lame  eaule  as  that  c  !  icvti.il  tountain-,  by  ihe  Ik)!!- 
ir.L;  ot  v.'hich  water  lait  i^  p)"dikf.!:  ii,i  luue  the  bottom  ol  die  Sta  is  ol  luch  \all  exttnt,  it  is  realonabic 
t.)!;;ini.  that  thee  ai,  luge  nuiies  uf  i.ilt  in  many  plate  ol  it,  which  being  diluted,  I'prcad  ihroirdiout 
the  Sta.  Ahu  ihcr.,-  is  lonicthinp;  even  1:1  the  river-water  which  helps  to  incrtalc  this  laltnel-- ;  loiihe  rivers 
c:'.irv  iIi.N'.iv  Aiih  iliem  an  int  r.ilddc  muliiuide  of  laline  particles,  lAdiich  iliev  walh  oil'  ih  ir  banks  as  tl  ey 
I'll! 'alo.-iu,.  'Vhtte  particles  are  n-jt,  indeed,  lo  tonlideral)le  as  to  l.ilt  thai  pariuular  Ibeiiu  ■,  bi:t  v.luii 
tlicv  all  uittt  tooediei,  and  laile  111  oil'.-  bottoii!,  tlie_\  may  well  iit  allowed  tii  thaiige  ihe  talL,  ol  the  water 
Tutiiciently. 

\  l.nn  wc  mav  hke'-viu'  be  fati.fictl  why  the  I'altn'.is  of  the  Sea  is  neither  augmented  or  dimiiiKl'ed,  at  leal! 
in  .'.  leulible  I'l.-uiiicr.  ll  i-  nc-i  .nij^iiunttd  bv- il  •  inlhiem  e  ot  fall  paiticlc-.  1.  liecauK-  a  uuil'l  o!  l.iline 
j,a;;ich'  .ir- 1  oniinually  ilr.o'.vn  oti  upon  liie  Ihoie,  wlieie  tliev  puitrih,  and  come  no  moie  inio  iht  v,aui-.  .:.I3e 
c.aul'e  jicople  luakefalt  upon  the  Sea-ttiall  li'r  toiiimou  iilib.  3.  Water  cm  be  impregnaitd  wiih  l.dt  0:1  ly  to  .1  cer- 
tain de<;r;e,  al  whi.h  itll:;n.l-,  and  reiecis  tl;e  oveijilus.  4.  In  the  l.ill  place,  the  f.illnel'.  of  the  Sva  i->  not  di- 
niiiiilhed,  bi  eaule  as  much  i-  imp(;tted  01  liiluie.l  from  ii-,  own  miiie^,  as  is  g'H  out  of  It. 

Tob.elp  us  in  lintlir.s.!^  out  the  rcalon  why  the  water  of  the  Sea  is  not  auf^nKiiied,  let  u'-  fee  u  In  ther  there  be  not  a 
wav  tor  its  tlaily  dimiiiuiion,  as  .u-ll  as  incieaie.  h  r  lutiii  lenily  [il.uii  ihit  ihere  i-.  a  vail  ipiantit\'  ot  v.ipouis  in 
th'j  uir,  li'Jiu  the  abii.i. lance  ol  Inow  snd  iw\,  wluch  .ut  loruitd  wt  condeukd  vapours;  but  how  to  cliimat..  die 

ipianiuj 


''1  "M'n  Ai.riltli.i2tl,. 
fii.iiCMily  iiitiitii/iMitii. 


""■in?;   on'y  to  give  thr 
ia:-  ritn.c    Ins    111;,,;^. 
|n  •  iiit'.iini  naturt  ..;i,| 

' '"^••■' A  cr,  ii  i.  nott  . 

]"'-  tOiK.llx  in  I  he  Uu'  ; 
('iiiliin.i(i..iii.iic«iil.  an- 

!'■•  it  poinn  N,,,;I,  .uj 
I'"  t;:-  u  .1  (Ki-in  )ii.,M, 

S.'tiili;  lujt  lujuctinics 

Jiirnci-.l,'.  .■ncordin;.;  t,) 

jiK.'  :u)in  i.ulio(liir;l>ut 

■pair-  oftlic  L(i,ullt.)iu-, 

■Soi.iii-l'ol,  wliiji  i,„|is 

5"  ■  l-i-  I  lit  to  tiu'  SoKih- 
"1  hIicii  ilif  Leavi.i  will 

'-If.  oi  ll,cU...ilii  ;  tMi- 

I'^c,  ya  thtr.  a.i  ll^mc 


i  of.v(..:i  [■')(■  Pu!,.-,aua 
-ailil  III-,  I  mil. r..  It  [k-  one 

i;ulil.;!c,  ajjv.ir  tv)li,:vc 

I  •■niiiti,.it.i;i  II    1 .   i-\. 

laJ  Souili,  ;uii;  all  oilier 

M'l^i.  M  i!i.inili.u  al.;,li 
"  'i;  I'lii  11  .ilu  ihi  Linu 

t  ■    .1  |,,r  aiti  \ui.'l,t  <'f  ii 

■l(-'  "t'oiU-.ipiv.fcd  t()l',» 
I-'  tlu-  IIKloiK'Ui.    MIIUC  in 

Ho  1,1!  If. 
o'.il.illLMl:^^:),  i..;.  ,,r;(.ii 


mall,  ilicSea,  wliiciiis 

.nil. uncling  the  (li\  land 
li^  and  h.iys  aicloniK-d, 
n.  l.nt  vaiu)ull\  dilliii- 
c  tiitlc  iliicc  piop.iiics 
e(]ual!ty  ol  Inilk.  lu.t- 
iiul  tijhiiii;  ot  it-  waters 

'iiiiitaiiis  by  ihc  Iwil- 
xtait,  a  ii  i\aii'nai>le 
tl,  Ipicad  l!ir,Mi:;limit 
altiit-N  ;  tor  I  lie  iiveis 
Ii'  ill  11'  Ijjiikb  as  t!  ey 
ar  ftie;:ii'  ,  hut  v,  luii 
■  I  lie  tall.  1. 1  the  water 

>r  ilin-,:ni(l'.ed,   al  lead 
ale   a   Uijil.,1    ()!    iihiii; 
into  the  ualer.   .;,  Be 
with  fait  only  ti>aeer- 
l>  of  the  S'-a  1-,  nut  di- 

"  In  ilier  there  be  not  a 

i|iiatitit\'  ol  v,i|)(iiii:,  III 

Jt  liow  to  tiiimali.  ilie 

ijiianni} 


A  I,  I   1 1)  I.  TO  GF.OGRAI'IIY.  kc.  97^ 

|iuanli!v  of  ihe  evaiv.r.;;,  nisof  uat.r  1  v  Ionic  ecrtain  rule,  is  the  nuten.d  pn.nt ;  wh.a.  lli.  learned  Dr.  Hallcy  l.as 
liaopiK  alteiilj.leil  inilic  t.'la'Aiii-  iiMMiiti-:  '  u  ..  ..  .  1  un.^  iia. 

I  le  look  .,  ,,af.  ol  vsaier  alun.i  lour  iikIk^  ,1  ep.  and  .-.boin  ei^^l.t  in.lu^  diameter,  lalad  t.>  the  lame  .Icsrec 
1  IS  ll,e.o„inio!,.Sca  wain,  by  l!,e  loiuti:m  ot  alxait  a  lometh  |,a,.  ot  lalt,  .n  vvhiel:  h.  p!.,e^  d  a  iliernvmietcr. 
and.  l,v  means  .„  .,  ,„„  „j  enals,  he  I  :r,H.t;!,t  the  water  to  th.  lame  d.g„e  of  h.eat,  nliKl,  is  ohlereed  to  Ix  that 
..I  ...11  .Ml  ,n  ihe  .loitell  hifv.m, ,,  th.-  ilieini  >,micr  nicely  Ih.^iii,-,  it.  This  done,  he  aihxed  tie  pati  ,  f  water, 
*M.l.  ihs  ihemumiasr  1.1  it.  ,0  oneu.d  ot  the  beam  of  a  par  ot  led  •  ,  Und  exactly  eoni.tcrp  .ile.l  it  with  weights 
in. lie, .tl.r  kale;  and.  bMleappluair  nor  removal  otil.p.in  or  enah,lxha..ul  it  vcrvsalv  to  iiiaintaii!  the  wa- 
lu  ...  ih.  lame  diru-.  ■  t  l..,a  p-..  .leh  .  Dur.ng  this,  he  loi.nd  the  wei^^ht  ol  tn.'  water  Tenlibly  to  deere.aa-;  a.i.f, 
at  the  .  .Id  ,  J  I  .u.  .  Ills  hr  .a.lervsd  that  ilu  le  warned  n  ar  hah  an  otmce  Troy,  or  2 ;  ?  -grains  ot  water,  win,  h,  iu 
l.iat  lime,  h.id  po.ic  ,.il  .„  vapo.i.,  i.  aisli  lieeoi.UI  hardly  it.ei,ve  it  liiioke,  and  th'e  water  not  knliblv  warm. 
1  li.b  iliiani.iv,  ..i  lo  11,,,. t  a  in.ie,  leemeo  very  eonlid.ia;  ie,  benii;  Intle  lets  than  U:.  ounce.'  in  2.1  hours,  t.o.n  lo 
liiiall  a  li.rlaie      a  e..ele  ol  .is.'lil  i.u1k>  dianieier. 

To  icduie  .hi.  e\pei..ji,!i!  |.,  an  exact  talenh.-,  and  d.eteimine  the  ihieknefs  of  .!,.•  (kin  of  uater  that  had  C 
tvapui^at..l,  !i.  alluiue,  the  expeinn.nt  alledj.e<l  bv  Dr.  Iki.u.d  to  h.ive  i-e.n  iK.adc  in  ti.e  Oxtor  I  Society,  that 
Iheeiibek.-l  ol  Ln^lnli  «au  1  wei^.h',  ex.aellv  ;',  ii-nad  .  1  rov  ;  thisdivuUd  by  .7.',^,  the  number  of  inches  in  a 
cube  loot,  will  ^;ive  J  ; ;  on.  -  ii'liih  'plains,  orliali  ouiise,  1 ;  one-third  giv.in-lor  the  wti-ht  of  a  .iibe  ineli  of  wa- 
ter;  wl,e.\lo.elhe  u.i-tw  o,  .■-.jia.is  is  ..li(,nt  ;;  p..ris  of  .^S  of  a  cube  ineli  ol  water,  and  IhowMJat  the  thick- 
nets  ot  the  watei  .  v.ipoiaud  ua.  the  ;,.vl  put  ol  an  ::.c!i;  I  ut  we  will  lupi>o(e  it  o.ily  the  50th  part,  for  the  fa- 
c.l.ivol  caleulition. 

It,  th-aeloie,  ttaiu.  a.  wain,  a'.  l!;eaa-  in  liimiixT,  exhale  the  ihi.kiur  of  a  ^odi  part  ol  an  inch  in  two  hours 
fin..i  It,  whole  luit.ue.  .n  u  h'nii-  .1  will  exhale  tl.e  ..ne-tinih  ot  a.i  ir.sh;  whuh  ipi.'ntity  nmH  I  e  fnimd  alnin- 
ilanily  tutli.  ient  to  lerve  tor  all  the  laia,,  fpiiiig.,  ,.i,d  dewi ;  and  aeuni,.t  for  ilie  Calpian  S-.a  beinp,  always  at  a 
Hand,  lien  he.  wa'.li.u;  .i.>r  ow  iliuu  .up  ;  a-  like'.wic  I  ir  il.t  cnrunt  lai.d  lo  kn  always  in  at  the  Jiir.uts  Jt  (iiliraltar, 
iliimy,!.  thole  Muliieiianean  .Seas  leei.ve  Ii)  .uahy  and  fmli  eo.ilide.-able  iiurs. 

'lo.-ll  1(11.11 1  the  ijuar.i.tv  wf  uat.r  aiilin;;  m  vapours  our  of  the  Sea,  he  thinks  lie  out'ht  to  confidcr  it  only  for 
tlieiinuthe  Inn  IS  up,  tor  th.it  the  dew,  all  nii^ht  leium  as  nunli,  il  not  more,  ot  thi  vapollr^  than  are  exhaled  ; 
and  in  liimm.r  the  davs  beinj;  Ioniser  than  1^  hoin.v,  1  his  excefs  i.  balanced  by  the  weaker  anion  of  the  km,  elp;- 
I  lallv  wluii  riiinj;  ben  re  the  waiei  be  warnud  .  to  that  it  we  allow  one-tenih  of  an  iiuh  ol  the  linf.ice  of  ihe  Sea 
lo  be  ratUi'  ev.n  dav  ai  \ap  .ur,  ii  m.iy  11. .t  be  an  iniprababl.- umje'-uiie. 

l'p>.ii  ihr  k  ppMlai.iii,  iVciN  1.)  kjuaie  indr.s  of  I'le  liirlaee  ol  die  water  )ie!d'  in  vapiair  claily  a  cube  inch  of 
waiei;  and  e.i.  h  lou.iK  r 'oi  hail  a  wme  pint ;  every  Ij.ice  o.  lour  teet  Iqiiare  a  g.ill.'ii;  a  mils  fiili.ire  dy  14  tons; 
aiiil  a  iquaiv  d,  >;ie.'.  U.ppoie  ol   I  ij  rav.d.ili  miK  ■,  will  evaporate  3'  millions  ol  ions. 

And  .t   the  M.dilorranean  be  tllimai.d  at  40  deiy.e,  long  and"  t' air  1  roail,  allowance^  being  made  for  the 
iimjuahiie^,  tlure  will  be  .1.0  li|uare  de(;.'ees  ot  Sea;  ami,  coiiieijii.  nt>.,  (he  wli  >L-  Mei'itc.-ranean  mult  lofe  in 
luiiinie.',  day.  at  leall  i-'S  '  inil.ion>-ol  i.nis     yXml  tin-  ipianfu  ot  vapour,  ihoug,li  very  great,  is  as 

,.\iid  ^ei  ihiie  remains  an  'ih.r  eau.e,  lOiicli  cannot 


vaiMiiii,  in  a 
link-  as  can  bi  i 


I  e  reiUui 


•ncluded  Ironi  ihe  exp..i:iient  produeei 


the  h<.at  ol  di..  lun. 


■d  ..rule,  namely  ;hc\\':na  ,  whereby  the  I'ui  lace  ol  the  \',ai.i  1,  ikiiiaiied  i  ll'l  .nKtin.e^  taller  than  by 


or    WINDS. 


IT  1^  well  known  1}  .\(  Wind  i?  noihi.ij^  eh'c  but  the  llieam  rl  ih.  iw:,  to;j;et'.ier  widi  tir.li  vnpours  as  the  air 
cariu',  .il.pi!;-,  V  nil  il.  IJ'jI  iheie  ar  ■  a  j;re,i!  many  pi'opei.ii- ol  Wind..,  the  is.iions  and  j'.'.ninds  of  ulikh  are 
not  c.ilib  diu.'Viu.l.  II  v.e\ir.  \\.  will  liiii  eunliiiir  ihe  Winds  111  e.  r.erd.  a-  they  are  eonli.nt  and  varialde. 
Seeonul'  ,  wr  I'.il!  p.iiii,  ul.i.iv  ex.'.ninu  tiuir  vaiiou-  appe,u:au\s  ;  and  Laltiv,  lay  lu:iK".liing  o:   ih^ir  origin. 

'111.  W'iim!  nrn  .e  divubd  1:11.1  loiillani  and  vaiiable:  il,e  .oin  ei  aie  alwav-,  at  cert.iin  r.nus  1  I  the  year, 
and  incertam  pan-  otth-'"-  dd  ;  but  tl...  laiiei  varv  lo  nuieli.  th.u  they  cannot  be  redu'.etl  10  .iii\  rule.  Nuw 
lii.ie  .t  ,,  eal.er  .0  lind  oui  the  c.u.ie  ol  one  .■e!;iilar  ell'ect,  than  of  manv  iireiiular,  K  t  U-,  in  the  liill  jihl'-e,  '.reat 
ol  e  11.11  inr  W'inib.  Ami  heie  we  mult  t  .Le  n.);i.  e.  iliat  the  Win.'.-  aie  conii.uit  and  jieri.Kli.  a!  oiilv  in  ihu  open 
lias.  Now  tl'.e  •.•.iiiveil.d  (.X  .an  iiiav  111  li  [irop.ib.  b.' divisled  :h  0  ilr\e  p.u ...  1.  'I  I  e  Atl.i.tie  and  l''ihio|)ic 
VKuiiis.  .-.  T';e  Indian  Oee.in.  ;.  1  he -'eat  S.,)uih-S,.:,  u:  I'.e  iiu  O.tin;  ar.>l  ili.ujdi  ilnle  leas  do  ,'dl  emn- 
nuiiiK.u.-  I'.v  In  •  io.,uli,  N  ,t  as  to  o;:;  ;'te:uit  jiui;  ol  ot  .he  |itiii;dival  W'liub,  tlu  y  a;.- luiii..  .ently  Icparated 
bv  il).  mt.rp.  'ill. '11  ol  e.it  irasks  o;  l.ii'.d  ;  ih.  liiiihin!',  ber.%een  Aniea  and  yXnv.iica;  llie  Iccond  b.lweeii 
All  K.i  an  ;  India  i    ind  ilje  1  di  bef...ii.n  Chni.i  vni  J  t]  an,  .uul  ihe  coal  I  .1  Anurica. 

In  the  A;laii;:e  .i:;.l  !  ;hu.i.:e  S.a-,  i.ls,\en  the  Tiopi,  s,  ilnre  1-.  a  i>  iim^l  lail.  ily  Wir.d  all  the\ear.  ix- 
ccpiii);;  ih.ii  II  I'  I'l:!''..",  M  vaiv  and  dielit.  i  looe  U  .\  points  i..ward-  th.-  iiortjh»>r  I'.udi.  ai^ei.li:  .i  10  die  pc.laion 
ol  ih,  pla.e.  Til.  eb:l:valioi,s  wliuhhave  be.  n  r....d.  o;  iliefe  detl.v-tioi'r' areas  follow  :  that  r.ear  the  eoall  of 
All.,  a.  as  11)  n  .1  v..up.l'  ilu Cnary  Ilie-,  yoa  :iie  hue  10  iiuei  a  Irelli  oale  ot  north-sail  W 'iid,  about  the 
iaiiliidi  ol  .'.S  de.j.us  lunlh,  wliali  llMoiii  come.- lo  the  ealiv, aid  .  I  eal!-n.-nh-e'.!l.  or  pal'es  the  n;iitli-n  'rlh-call. 
'lin--  uiiid  a  i  0111  anies  ih.'le  IkhiikI  to  ihe  tbuthward,  10  tlie  iaiiiu.b  ol  tui  noi^^ir^nd.  :.1\  i:t  1  o  le.igu.s  Irom 
iIk  I  iiiin.a  C...;:!,  wli.ie,  nH  .1.;- '.v.inh  d--p,rie  nl  ii'irih  laiituile,  ih.y  tail  Int,.  eal.u- an.l  loinado.-. 

Thol.  .^\  .1  aie  Ih-uiivI  i..  the  Canbbe.-  ilie:.  li.id.  :is  they  appio.isli  die  Amen.  .\n  lide.  lliat  the  alo.efalil  north- 
eall  W  11-.  1  ;  e  0,11, ■  lli'l  :iioie  .ai.l  ir,w;-e  v.ille:-|\,  lo  ,.s  l'i>nielinie-  (o  be  i all.  Ir.im. times  c-all  by  loi.th,  but  yet  moll 
lomir.o.ilv  to  ill.  n.'iih.^  ad  .1  ilicia'.!,  a  point  or  u\o,  not  moie.  h  ishiieuiliL;  obi'erved,  ili.u  the  llrength  ol 
tlullWiii!   'j.,i,luilb  deeieil.s  .IS  V 'u  :ai!  -vw-llwaid. 

The  limit,  i.tdii  ...iiii.inl  :ind  v  ni.ible  Winds  in  tlii-.  ocian.aiv  larih.r  extended  on  ;',!.■  A;r.cri.aii  tide  than  the 
Ah H, ill;  tor  ul.u  IS  \..u  1;.,  ,t  not  wit',  thi  c.i,-'.iii  Wind  nil  \o::  have  palled  the  latitude  of  ib  dcincvs  on  this 
lldi-,  ,.ii  tl  e  A:i..;...'ii  11. b  ii  M.iiim.  I  \  i.uldsto  ;o,  ;i,  .r  ;:.  dega.soi  l.ui'.ude;  and  this  is  veriiieJ  likewil'e 
t.>die  l.i.di'.v.inl  o:  il;-  l-'qii.t-i;  I  -,  i.ear  i!ij  C.ipv  in  G  od  Hops,  the  iini.ts  ot  the  Trade  \Vin.ls  ai.  tliree  or 
luiii  d  i."i'-    iH-.iiei  ills  line,  lli„n  on  d.eioati  01  iji,:   I. 

l-i,.in  die  !...;iiude  ol  |...ii  d,.  ';; .  s  i,i.r:li,  to  ;1  e  ..haJald  limits  on  die  'ouih  ot  tb.e  Kqinlor.  tie  U  inds  are 
pi.rpslu.dl\  l'.!  ..un  lliel,H.;:i  .iV/.l  eait.  .i;;d  iii.<:i  soumonly  1  :yA.ij:\  die  f  i;:li-.;nl  and  e.,:.;  obleiving  always 
ili.^  lole,  'iha:,  n,,  tlu-  Alikanlide,  the-  a.e  ni.i.e  ibiuherlv.  on  th.-  Ibalihan  more  eallerlv,  L  as  to  become  al- 
.uoll  due  e.il!.  Ilk  l.llleibil,  110:1  ll..vh-.ve  b.in.;  ilill  the  Uk  th.  in  dii^  p.u't  ot  ihe  oa.  n  the  W.nd  li.is  beeil 
likeiv  obfeiv.d,  loi  a  lull  veir  tonethcr.  to  k.-.p  0  :;rtantlv  about  the  ioulh-eall,  the  iiu.ll  ulual  poinl  louth-ealt 
by  tall.      Wli.n  li  ;    eallerlv  it  g.-n.  riib  lif  .'.-^  iMid.   with  gl,  o'liv,  daik,  and  lomein!.-  rainy  weatlk  r. 

'I'lk  lealon  of  ihe  year  ha^  lome  Imill  ellect  ,.n  ihe'e  conll.mt  wind  •,  h.r  wlun  llie  lun  is  to  the  north  ot  the 
l'lm:it..i,  .he  Ioulh-eall  Winds,  etpcsialiy  between  B.alil  .uid  the  Coall  ol  Guiik.i,  vary  a  point  or  two  lo  .he 

r\o.  o'j,  I'  I 


■il 


rS 


A  1. 11  1>1.    I  ^'  lir.O..RAl'llV,  hi. 


M- 


•|g 


1 1,. I  '  R  .•-         j| 


m'\ 


r,  \i(h    ninl  t'c '1  Mhv.itl  l-..Mr,i-  m\"'c  i.vlinlv ;  aivl  nn  ih'  ii'iiii.\'y,  win  n  ilu  Sun  r.  liv.v.iuls  ilit    rr.ij)u  i.(' 
c'lipi -^t'liu  ll'i'  J^>ut^.•t>l;lc|•i^  W  ikI*  Liuunc  lu  llet■.llUIl^,  .iiul  il.c  iioiih-i-.illulv  Witulv,  ..ii  iliis  h.k  tlu  I, in,, 

Micr""ic  ll.>tlh«    t  I.  .      ,  ,  ,       ,  .  I  1      r       1      .  I 

A- tli>rr  i«iM  I  1.  wii'.'ii!  i'iiH'>'xi-i;'!ii''i,  Id  ilu  ir  I",  ni  ilv- o.v  \:i  ,i  ii;u  k  o.  ti.i,  wluivin  th.- Iiiiili'.'il"  ;i;i  I 
(■<iiit!i-«\!\  V.';i' '  1.  n. 'p-;ii.;',  >:i.l  il'r  i  :ill  ;ii"rn  !'■.<■  (-..ill  o  Imiiui,  tor.il.DVi  5-.0  lrl)vn•^  loj-i  ilui,  iioiu 
S't-rri  l.-'o-n  t  >  i'"'  i'i  '"•:  >'■  ■^I''>|•.^.l^;  I  t  iIk'  ti'',iili-c.ill  Tiaili.'  NViml  li,iviii;>  [Mtlhl  tlu'  Lno,  .iiul  .ippnu  li- 
'ipr»  ti'c'i"'.ti  '  I  (irn  (uf'  11  S- III-  11C1  li.i;,iK-,  in  111  I"  inwanl'  ilic  lln'ic.  .iii.l  be-^  oin.x  (iiutli  1.  uiIiimII  ; 
n'"l  Ivv  iUm.  (■»,  .!•  "  "M  I    ;;>     :u"'",   11  w  ic- .ll">  >' in  I' mli.  Ii'miIi  I'lilli  Wi  ll,  iUu!  I'.i  v\i  li  t!i    l.iilil  iuiilli  will, 

Totlir  nor:liw.ii  1  .  f  ilu  l..m-.  !•  nvan  l..iir  .\ii'l  u-u  il'  .n  ^  01  I  .jiiiikIc.  .iiul  iMwcrii  ihc  M.rulruis  ol  C.ipi.' 
Viul  mil  o!  ill  <  '!i  1  '  "''  ill  ,iiu- till  iH.irlli.ii  li.uiii'.  li'irc  i-  :Hi.uk  ot  u.i  wIuriii  it  weir  ini|iri)|v.r  to  l.iy 
i!K;\'i>  n'nvTr.'.ik  Wiiut,  m  w  1  viv  viii,ii>li-;  tdi  11  Ucin-  r.'(uliiiui..|  Id  i>t'iKtii'.l  .  .ilin-,.i!icM(lcil  uiili  icrril'lc 
liui'n.l.  i:\iui  r-ii!ir;i;',  :i;i  I  nil  :..  ii^i'i  ni.  till'  "in  n;viMi"i'  ti-iu  ilitiM'i  ill  this  |virf  i.f  ilu-  U:\  T/v  R.iiiis : 
tin-  i-'.k  \\  iii'i'  ill.  t.'i!.-.  ror,li:l  "nlv  <^l  Ihhu'  tiuMi'ii  iiiu' ;:  >r.  |Vii*  1  I'l  vi-ry  liiil".  ■'minii.iiv  o,  .iiul  Li's  txtvisi. 

'  Aliv.lio  nil.'  tlic  \\  .iMiv.'ii  I  .'I'-.  tMii  ilioi''  l""i!i>l  Id  \  U',',  "I'l.  ^"iiiit  II  iliiir  I'l-r  ODiHli'  ID  pi-t  a  f.Min  :is 
tln'v  i.'.n  to  tlu-  ioi:th-.<ii:>l.  t'i:ii  iIkv  in.'.v  1  f  iir  ■  ot  .1  mi  li.lli  ;■  I't"  tun  In-.. if  it  t.«  tlic- wcllw.iui;  .iml  toitlic 
ihnicif.'.'Dn,  th. ill- li' 1  u  v.. ".!  h  und  ti.vii  Amici  .i.  imu:  m\.,m  id  .  :i  iIk  l.iutii.lc  .1  .;,- <lcnivi- a- Idoii  :is  pol'. 
fi'ilo,  wli  u"  1I  fv  li'll  •  m!  i'  .  W  iuk's  I,,  h,  v.iiia'  !'• ;  t!ioii-,li  tli'  111  1!  Diilituiy  WmU  111  the  luiri''.  pirt  .it  llic 
Atl.lllIU-  (1,-.:in  .    Ml    •-.     ;  bfHv  i-ntliclDiilh.llv!  w.lK  ,       ,      . 

\\!i;t  1-  liCT.  Ii.l  b  ID  iv  i;.-J.i,1".!dI  1 1.-  ^  ,,  W  ■  .•!  :it  L-ir,  ■  .!  'I '.1,  r  th-;:  ..i:..! :  f.ii  ui'-ii  'liul  n  ■.tr  lli.-rr, 
tl'c  l.ir.d  ;uul  r.  ,1  >\vx.-.---  .ik  .ilnvll  f.ny  wiiii  U'..li'.l.  i  ;uil.l.  ^' c.ii  v.i.i  i\  w'.iiui  li  ^ppc-i.^  1:1  th  .ir  p.Ti.ii!  , 
t'.'a-c.  aiul(Iii..-ii  n.  rr.iiiiil;ci'itirUiuii  Di  ilic  i-.i.hhv  '•■:>,  V'.ili'v-,  :i';.!  a  ..'  ,  ..mI  iMiii  ti;  s  iiiDir  texture  nt  the 
(  .il.  iiio'c-  Df  kl  c  i\.!-U  ol  iciAi...!-..^  .iiul  1.  Ili.nii  ;\  1  c.u,  ;\!ui  .It  .1  '•.'  z.  '  1  v  Di.a.i.liiv;  v.vp  'u-s.  i-  ludi,  ilr.t  it 
V  re  ciu  his  i.MH.!    .m'- •  to  .  n-  ui.l  Idv  iIh'iii,  ■    ,      ,     1      •     1    .     . 

In  liiL-  Ii).!i.-ii(V'  ui  \'\  W  iii.i-  :iu-  p.uilv^',inrr.il,  .1-  in  ilicl.i!..  ;  ■  t  \..  :v  piitU  pn  i...l(  il ;  ili.it  1.  lu.l  I'le 
v-u  ti-v  l.knv.  an!  ir  ■  diIum  liah  iv.  11  up  mi  i!'.i- d;  p..:ii,  p-ihi  ;  ,11  1  ilii  i-  p.'int-<,  an-l  tiiif  s  dMIuhiii  ■  ^  ;irc 
J'.f.i.n  mdiirivn  I  11  -'MU:  <■  '■■•.  'I  ^  Iniit^  ot  cu'"  i^-.  1.  .'t  .  .1,  liil  ■  -  id  ilw  I  uu  ■  .  iKinp,,-,  o;  ,m -;,- 
1'  y\\\-  tlic  ■..:..\.^  .  11  1:,'  ri-  *"-  '■  "v  v,.\  liii.l  t  >  ''  !■!'.  ..■  :  I  -i  ■I'c  dil.  u.  i.'  I  I'.ur  uKd  ('.v\s  Dr. 
H..;i'' )  tD  be  li'.'  -Iv  i;.;  1  .1  •!,  ai:.l  ilx  >  h-  1  li.i\^-  i,.Un  il.-r  \u.  h\  iii  .1  txr...!  m.-.iluic,  luiuwuiii.il  il-it 
^|..,;  .-',,       I  ■..'.  ■    "■  ,1    1 !:  .1  ;h  ■  ...  1  '■.'.  1  '•  •Miiii  111  !•     !■  .\  I'l- 1  iii.l  .■!'  •• 

''I'Ilu  Ihiuivm'  .  lull.  V.  ;  i-:i:;.l  .  ■  d  .•,  .-  ..-li,  1  ■;.,.,;,  Mi.l.i-itni  .-lui  Ni^.-l  1  I!:.::.!,  ihv  ••■  nci  il 
Tr.il.-  \V..  ..1  .i'<-..i.t  r  I-  r  urli-  .ill-",  .  ui  '  "..i  i  t  .  I  ,  .v  .i.l  1  x  u.i.'  biii^.  t..  ill  iD.fiu  .  .in.i  pu;p.  U-,  .ilii.:-  ilic 
l.iiiK- m..n>-fi-:is  inll.t.  wnu  l-i'iiiHl.v:i  i!.i' 1-ihi.  p '<>     r. 

T:..  r..tD-.x:.i.d  ,..  .iS'.-.-.iii  Wu.d^iM.i.  I  uii!  .„ivv..  ■  .,■  .  ..Ii!i-  l'.n:.r..-r,  during  the'  onilv.  dI  .Im-i-.  jilv,^ 
ami  i.,i  N..V.M11-.V,  .ittliuhtiim-,  1  u.v.m  il.i-  i.-.n!,  lit  f  i.'  ol  ih:,caiid  10  dc' .H-'i-s  I'cuil?  ni'.nr  tin- .Mi-ridi.ui  ..t 
il.c  n.Mth  cihI  ot  M,>!i  ic.u,  and  |..lv,i-  :i  i  .\. .  :u..!  .lU..  ii  l.ii.ti.d.-, ;  .•int' iicir  S.i'uair.i  iuvl  .Ir.  „  tlic  >  .viirnyr 
wimb  trorii  liic  n  .itl.-'ii ;'.  .  '  l..tv, ,  ui  r.-.'  nnitii  aid  w  :l,  la  m  .uul  lil..'.s  f.ii  lull  tl'-i.  viar  ;  tU.i  1  .  Ir.  1,1  tin; 
li.  (jiniimp;  ot' IX-  t'iil<  r  Mil  M.n  ;   an.l  lliis  iii.iii   .'11    ..i.  .1  v,  1  a-  l.i;' .i.  tlu   M.iliu ,  :\  !''     . 

To  li  r  i.'iit'.^.u.l  "1  'I'l^i-  di-v;'t'i''  iDiiili  liiiJii.l  ,  D\ii  II.  aIidL  .\ia  i.in  .  .|  Inl'in  S;a,  an  !  ( iuli'li  of 
P.iial,  t:.>:-n  Sun.  n-.U..t!K- I  .i.r<  lAiiu.i,  t',.  u- 1  ai'-iiici  m  ir..> -n  I  !..-.v-i--  ti^ni  O  ;  Ik-i  t..  Apnl  Mp.m  the 
n  rih  i-ali  pDinf;  I'-  1  m  iIk  1'  .r  lull  via;,  li.ni  v;'  .1  lod  '.  .1,  up  .11  tin-  pi,.!!!',-  p..ir,is.i;  lD..u:i-Mdi  .ukI 
wtli-i:.iitli-\vu\.  and  that  v.itli  i.ithi-r -nor.-  I.r.c  il  ai.  I'.r  '  -'.  r.  ..  ..■nijnniol  wiiii  d.uk  raiiu  wc.itlur;  whirc.is 
t'li-  -i.ntli-.-ili  M.nvicK-ai-.  Ami  ihi- Wind- aiv  iv  :  !.,  i..  .;t  i:.'. .  ;'  n  in  I'.iin.ih  .11  poini ,  iii  the  <  iiilph  ot  Bmivd. 
.vtl'tvu-i  '11  th.  l-ulian  .S,-.i,  v.hu-c  a  icitiiti  and  |i  ..-..  -u.-i  ic  ivirl.ui.  li  is  all.,  r.  luai  isaMt-,  t!:ai  the 
i:..,-,ii-«iil  Wind,  latliili-  U.'..-.  .1.  tjc-iiciall;,  i.i.ii-  ;.,.ihi.-.lv  ..n   ih-  Aru m   1..I,,  aiul  more  wvit-.-ily  un   the 

'  r ".'•"' I- -.'.V.'a-.-d  •;  Si;-.iat-a  .-rA  Mi''''  '•  to '.i-..-  nD;;lr.i.,id  .  t  thi-  l.i''<.-.  '.".d  aloiii;  tin- mall  '  1  Cni'-ava 
^,.  1  f;,'     ,'  ",i,.  pv-'i''   "  M   'vn..;i'i  '-:■'-,   '.''..-i.!.!.   ,  ill- ml  th-    vl'.  W  ■     '-  ai  c  nru  ii  n.i  iIk-i  I' ,  ..11.1  ihi- 

,;;;;,,.;:  ,V,„;„:,  ,  „„;,  ,i,..      l-;,.  ...  .     ,  ,  ,  ,  .  •...!,..  :  ..:;.  i  .,;....  d  .  ;.;,    l-        pr.    h;.  .  xul  a.  ;..r  1;  ',..1  as 
laptn;  t;>c  n  nlicrn  ii.  -..•.   n  :.l.,i,i.  1..  1.  '■-  .u    V!;."  vi  n   N. .-.-:■.:  ■:.  -v.  !  H'c'  :...  h  :n    m  Mr      Llow.:,,,  all 

iiiehix'^i-rn   .i;ilr.     Th.-..|,.;    .  t  1;.  ■  .     ..;.■.  :i    ai  •  h.-i.-    t;.    W   - m    in  tlule  I'arts  ot  the  w  ^id,  .uc 

r     :,     I    I.    :,   i,   ',.'.,     ,   '•    .    ,  ,'.    1  •:.-;■,   ...I  !  I. ■.;   n  1  .      -.   :.  .lul  or  tw.i  10   tlu- ea!'.v-. -.i.l  o.    tin- 


hJU'li,    :-.n 

lan.i  '.'.  ii.Ji      iii'.Li. 


,'.-  1;.  ill  ...    l.i..>  I.   ■   I 
'.<■  ■;  V  !'  I    Iv    I    n...    h  I   .  I 


I    1  :    ;    I  I..'.-  !  •:;";     iv  v,  I  !  u:\   n  j  . 

li.- v.-:Uv-.i  I  ..1  1:1c  :i'-:':i.  wl.i  ..  u  m>   .. .  aliun.d  Ly  the  ■^^al  i,;iaiuiiy  ol 


id.  i..  1  !...<-  il' .' . 


la  t',-!'.in-M. ;..!;-.'.  I'm 
the  V,   ;1,   and  N.  -v  '  iL.a:.  l  !.)  ' 
til  •  iiiJnati^.n     I  lii     :.  ''d-  ;  .■   : 


tivc.n  Snnvi;ra  an.l  I.-.va  t.> 


\' 


Ti    r-i'in::  -.IS 
in  .'ih-is  u,  Il  \.  ' 

t    ..1!  .  t  C'M    ".  -Ul   ' 

tv-  .;)  1.1.  .'  ■ ;   1'  f  M  >hn  i- 


,A..i.',    .    di    r.  111.1  .r.  i.  iiK-  lii-.t   •:.'.!  !.  Ivi:'.--   '..■  twc 

.:;,  ;;,    ;,., a  ■,..:!    .■  i"  lu  .:.l'.  .ii-  .-. -v  .1  v'l'W..: ;   1  ..'.  '.\  r  h  this  .hiV  leme,  tiia: 

...'.,  \\.r  :i', ■',:.•.'. I  1,  .a.do;  i  .•  Id  ..;  ..-ilv  i..-.v,i..;s  :lic  I.  iidi-i.i'.l. 

i  ,;li  :i.  ..'M.-ur  11  ;■.-..!- pi;  I-  ;' c  :  lu.  ..' tin- ca.in'ji/i  .;rttn.led  with  lahi^', 
','.  '  I  .'  ,.  ,i  ,j  .s  ;.,  ■•.  i.;id\  ic  :-.a;l..'-,'.i;:,  d.i  .:  -.ii.-  nid  .>!  ih-J  -.Mikilv  uioiiIdoii,  0,1  i:k- 
,,.1  ;;,c;u..i  i'  in.  -.d-  iiUhi-i.'  :;".'iK  m  :;l''>'ii'!'  ih.  ica-  "i  Ciii:M,  au'V..^  liii^u.i  idIh- 

'  '.ii'.s:    •.!:;'•, !hi'  I'-cv  lei-ni  t. ,  l.f  o' ihi' n.miii- •  .1  iIk' W  I'll- !::d,i.ai  hiirrii.iiie 


I.  ,1 


;.,,,\  ,    ^  .'i-i  lii;  I., .',!.' M'.M  (.  1'.    ■■  ■  .sit-  VIM  ui  i   II- .il.  .ul  lii.il  iiaii  ol   t!i,   •-c;;;-. 
men  i.'^a.  v  icr.'  c  ',  •It'  i''-  k  r,:  up  </  iLc  M  >i,'.')is 


l  he  e  l(.ni[icti'   aiL-  l.\  .i^r  L.i- 


Hvi"!'i  dd,'ll,il;i  .t  li.e;.  Wald-,  ^aid.Dic  ih.U  Uil  n  iluU- Ic.f  ;i..  ..:.li:;ed  t  >  ■.!  i.ivc  t.;-  iia.an'^p:.. 
j.ri'.ilii  'v  -..■-  -,  ;.li"  I.  .''H.:'.  1''  V  la.;  11..1  ..latan  Wind,  a:ul  I-p-.'.  .'.v  pul  uv;  ;^  Inn  it  ilii-v  than,  c  |. 
lutfl"-  ll'   ,!  11. .5     Si;.  I   •    .    11-    .■\  .a  .11  D   11  111-  la    ..    1;  11.  1)111', itlv  hippva  ,   lii  '.  .ir..' to;-. .  d,  t..  .^'ivc  ..-.i-i  h  .,v  s.j 

\    \.-._4,v,  a:id  pi.i    1   -  )   lo.ae  odier  1, '.dx-.n ,  ..ad  in  iv   m  i.'iii..iii  i.il  i   ■-'   \\  lad 


,11    ■  \    ■ ..  '. 
outfl  '.V  ih  .1  la,!    ''■:..  l   • 
ai.  onvpliiii  a  ;  d.^:.  laii. 

"""^•h'th'ir.'rn'i'..,,  ,  ;i  d  li  .  (,c.u  I'a  111  ,  uh.a'CMriu  l^u]udt.laa■  ol  the  odi  r  tw.i,   ( i:  hi  ia.'  b.ini  lii.: 
\v(.!t   i.alll    ot    A-.i  11  a       :!•■  I',,','.|  ,  lai'  111  .a:  ,    ;  d-    1  i.th.'.n   i;>d.;;:.c 
kii'A'.a  t  lad  n'i:iaa-.     'I '..■_  ,  h;  i  ii.iv;i...it.  a  :> 

by  i.a.   I)'.at.-ii  tr::.  '  ',  !.,  ;\  ;  i.,L.  i.na  .      ;■  j  '.i ,-    -  ,.,,,•.  1 

tl,,;  V.'a.l.  thy  laid  ;i  i,  ,il.,.ii,.'s  i',  i  what  is  i-o..ai  au'.!  hv  thi  ■ 'Id  aiciiai^o'  l)..d  e  ..iilL.u  '.an,  an.l 
i;nce  l.v  S.h  man,  i  ,  th.lt'i',-  1  a  uu  ■;  ■  ..a^onur.v  li  f.v.  en  the  W  mds  ot  lh-..>.i,  an  I  1.1  .le  o,  i,..-  ,\tl  uitie 
an.l  1-!'.io1.k;  ih.it  !  '  ;ik  n  „d,'....ud  d!  I  i-  l'...pi.ia,i  the  pre..l.iuiiaaiil  Waul  is  h  1  .vcn  ih  ■  i' d!  an.!  ii..a!i  ,.,:,; 
•in.lt  ,d./',  ..:!l'-.vaal  tl:.'  t  !  hue  is  a  i  .inii.ait  liealv  -aie  ivtwcen  the  eail  and  l..uth-,all,  ar.,!  iliat  uu  li.un  li..v. 
th'.- liai  '.vi'li  lo  iiui.'i  I.  1.1'  ..fv,  th.ii  they  liaic-ev,  rn  r.l  to  atieiv.l  ilu  lail  ;  and  io  iiiu.di  llieii  -'  '  '  '  '  "- 
to  tail  ol  eiJiaii-  t'..a.  \ad  (;^.aai  '.n  10  wcd.s  tiu,e,  v.liiji  li  abut  130  Biit.-ii  mile--  a  day. 


■  t  I  a'^itii.i',)  I  i'  ..I  wiath  I'  le.iil 
:>  iiV  111  Spuii.adsuii.  y.o  vea-iv  ii  .ai  Nia.S,  .a,!-  lUv  Maaliis 
■,ri;..a!.ll  !..'U-,a    in  the  oli,.a  1  .v. ..      Wa-llh     -.  .lai'.h  ai  ilrTv  M-    ot 


i:...t  ,t  lb  r.ii; 
Thi, 


Til! 

\Va..l-: 
\    IV    II" 


U  ■•II   tins  llU-  iIk     I. Ill,  , 

In  uiii  tlv  finlli'.'il'  ;i:i  I 
Irij^io  liipnlm,  In, 111 
lu-   Lnc,  .iiul  .i|)|iicu  ||. 

nill   >:     (nulll  l.uilll-cdl  ; 

\i  ii  ill    liiul  iuiiili  well, 

rn  ihc  M.riJiins  ot  C.itv 
1  1'  \*(ii  im|irii|v.r  to  l.iy 
^  ..iiMi'lfil  Willi  (cTr'l'lc 
iir  iif  ilio  Km  'i(„-  Riiins : 

.UU.'.IV  C,    .llul  lets  CXI.  Ill, 

iMiiilc  to  get   a.  r.ion  :is 

ill  will\v.iul;  .111(1  loitlic 

ilcntio  a-  Idoii  :ii  |i(il- 

III  ilic  lion''  j-irt  lit  the 

'i:  i;;'  111  iiul  n  -ir  llmrr, 
li  I'l-a.^  m  ill  ir  piTiml  , 
t';  \  '.ii'.iii'  toxtnrp  oIiIk- 
;  v.ip  u's.  1-  IulIi,  ilr.t  ii 

"ll>ur(,il;  (li.ll  i-,.  hill  t'lC 
'1  I  nil'  s  lit  lliUliri  •,  :irc 
I  un  •  I  li:in£>,,',  o;    iii  >;\. 

I  •  I  ii.ui-  iilvii  (lus  Mr, 
w.ltllK',    lUliilUllllt.il     I'vit 

t  .1  •!  1  !!:;;:i!.  ilif  ••■  iut:iI 

II  ,i:i.i  ;  .1  j)  1.  ,  .vtic;-  I  lie 

R' '  onili''  ol  Ini'.f,  J'lK , 
ciiiir  niTirtlii.-  Mi'riilim  cf 
tr.i  ;»!vi  |.i'.  ..  llio  I  .intriry 
I  vt:ir  ;   iL  ,l  i  ,  Ir  iii  i!k- 

Ill'  in  Sii,  :i;i  1  ( iiil|ili  of 
). ;    lit-r  111  Api  il  ti|i()ii  tlic 

■  |iiinls  .i;   |o!llll-lM.ll  .iikI 

k  i.iiiiv  wiMtlur;  \Ourf.is 
II,  111  the  ( iiilph  ot  Hi  nivil. 
:ili')  i\  ni.iiK.i''k-,  i!;at  ilic 
•,1  iiii)rc  w'.i'vily  on   the 

i;io  thi-  ( o.il!  ■  I  C.riilvna 

:  ;r,  1.  ii  no  tlnil   ,  .ni.l  ili-.- 

I:!.  ,  n.ui  •i';  ;.ir  i.  tij  .is 

I  :  :l  III  ?.'.  r  ,  Mow.ii;.',  all 
iV  i':ir'.'.  lit  i!ic  w  'rill,  ivc 

.'•I  lo    til  :■  t'alirt  -.I,!  o,     iIk' 

.1  i'V  liif  L'/.at  ij  laiuiiy  ot 

•c.ii  Snin  i'ra  iii.l  .1  .va  to 
:  v>rli  t!,o  iliiV  itiiiv,  tiiat 
!ic  :.  ;:lli.i.;;l. 
I'jL- 1   .srit.'iiltil  \Mtli  I  a!,r<, 

Ulkllv  lllDlllooll,  O.l  liu- 
li:;  1,  aif  WW  luiiu.  I  i.o  lie 
u  \\  i.!t-[:u'.i..:i  hiirrii.ini-  , 
c  t(.:iipcll'    alc  In  "lir  l>.i- 

1  m!,:,ivc  t!:.  !ia:o:is  pid- 
/c ;  but  it  ilicv  i,liaiiii'  lo 
;■.  Ill  111  '■^wi:  't\cy  li  i;i.s  o! 
1   1    irlll.iMl  l.il    l'  L-     \\  ll'.'li 

i  two,  (i:  luiih'  t;'';ti  till.' 
■!l-,)  1  I  .i!  «  I'llll  1'  u-.ii't 
Ni  ..   S,  .  Ill  t  '  ;!r--  M  ;:i:l;  ls 

ill  "•.  .I'li'.li  ai  I'l!  '1^  M'  ut 
I, .'.I  f   ,iiil  Ca',    '  iiiili,   an.l 

an  I  til  lie  o,  1:1. ■  Atl  iiitii; 
■:i  til  •  f  ili.  .;.i  ;  no'tii  i  I'.i  ; 

il!,   :r.i  tliat  on  liol'.i  li.l.. 

U'.  li  ihtii";'  ,  il  ..t  .1  lb  rau- 
diV, 

Till, 


\  i.i'i  ;;f.  'io  f.i  ()',  R  M'li  V,  .*. 


«;/!» 


Tit!    !•■   t'l  1  ■.' 1 1' !  Ill  ,.«!  ofili     IMiii,- SiM  .11  .1  ;.•!' ii  I'il'.ui  c  I'o'u  laiiil;  |.,r  .ilnait  ilic  tliorr*  r.re  va.ioii' 
NVnl- :  an  1  aI.,  i,  ili    i,ni;!t  i  ••.::    i  I  ":il|.  \/'l  |.|  w  ,,  t'"-  d  >.  i<  niif.li  anl 'liiRcroii'  i  for  l!i   Kiill  Wiml  rail«  it 
\'i\li.'.'ii  I    1   s'l  It'll  'All.:'    i.i«,  t'loiii'li  II  l.'.HMil  \itv  iliiin^',  Hill  li  loif,  ihtif  n  :iiM'!i;ii^ii;i(»' calm,  a-, 
i'  I'l.rr  11!  I  !•     ti   ':  «  W  iti'!   I.  I  .1  loii  ',  t'liu-  i   V.  Il  r,  .iv,  oil    ill  ■   ii.riliMn  ,   tlic  Ai  lain  if  Si  a  I' IN   lot    It".  I'l'll  <I:IMI 
.1  '  ■•  ll'c    .1  il  1  ■  '  I'll,  .  ivl   ~    r.    I  ilii  !,ii  int'ioii  il.v' I  all,  all'!  H'liri. !;.,  ,iis  out  en  il  if  ni,.in. 

T'l-  i'<.r     I'l  o  •  '  til'  ''■  ;•  I'  i.i!  \\  111  '■  .nc  iiiiii  ii  tin-  tain    a    i;i  ti  ■  At!  iiitic  Sci,  ilijt  i-,  nlvu'f  ilii-  tliiiticth 
t'  ;'i.i  "it   Irn'il    <  n   I'm,:,  i,,!     ;  |,.;  []  c  Si,'.:i: ml  ,  1:  "i.f  li'Jiiti  !   "i  i:ii  .'.lanilli.  ■.\\<a;\\%  lake  ilie  ailvaiiiap.f 
1  '  ill.'  lo.,i'i    '.   'i!  1  ;i.  '  '  n  11  '.  I    I  ic  I"  tl-i  I'l  II   'cT-iM  'II'''."!,  .S'l'.l  rti  1  up  t  ■  ■!.••  i  liiili  n,  t',,i[  latitiuli' a",  liij,;i  a' 
.!'.;'aii.  1-.  !.'.(.•!'. I  \-   1!  .■  v,A'.    vi.i  .'     VVif.  '    tii'.i:'    'l\.ir''ini    i  i''''\.i"l.     Alio  S,  li  .nt.ti,  anil  other*,  who 
il  i\.'  ",  111-  '>y  til  ■  M     -I  II'  ■'■     •'  ,  Il  ". I'  |v  ir  •!  I'T  li'tiii-  I'l'  iIk.-  |i  1   !i  I'lll  \'\"\'.\  s  iiiii'.li  a! "lilt  iIk  |'i..h-  Litioi'le 
lo  till  toiiiliwai.l  :    I  1.1  I  III"    ,■  aii.'.iii^n   liitAnii  tin- Wiiul^  ot  li' '.  OiiMti  ami  t'.ii:  !■'.  Iiiopii ,  iippiau  in  tli.it 
\ip."i  ;lii' I'lLifl  ■'(  i'  1  1    ill  ■    ,:     'i  •  '<     'iii'i  h  loi  I'.i  I'v,  a    thi-r' .!'•  11'    r  tlic  llinri  ■•  ol  .An"')l.i. 

;'i ,  i.r  t'l  ■  V    i     It'  \\  nil'- ,  t  '.  V  .1  <■•  I  il  111  ;Mi)  '.II  'I,  ail   in  till  il   I'l.i^  1  t  ill.'  t'  .1  :\  vi:  \iiiliout  the  limits 
III  ill.- 1  M,i' .:ii  \\,.'.    to'li    h'.;  il  ai,.l  lo.tl.;  lli.li,  in  ili.'  f.'.ili';' ii.lil  •  ni  th'j  ().i."'il,  aiifl  all  I'V.r  it-,  outiiiolt 
I  ."IV  ,  t!..'  piiiui)..!  i'    \''\  I  '•,    if  ill.   NU(lii  irnin   n  ai.il  i5..1;ii  ;  t  inu- are  coiiiiiion  loull  tmintrn.-  ;  otlnr.  arc 
Ilioic- pi.  iiiiai  lo  to".;.   [-^  o  ■\' \y  ;  ::■  ,     CI'  tlii    I  ;ti-r  lot  t!i  •  fti  .!l  tamoiis  ar  ■  Mu' liunii  anr ,  nhi,  h  chiclly 
ill  i'l!  ill.- C.iiili' '.     ,  'lit  ii  ',.•:■  •,,..  :;.i:<-.  11' T  .  i  1. 1!'\' tVf  :  I  lit.     Til.  ir  liirv  i.  f) 'j^rct ,  that  ilicv  throw  il -wii 
,Ti|  lifiii'.  t'l.'ii,  tv -I   II''.''.',  i '.I  ;i  .I'l  11  III'   ,  I' I    I'-iji'i  p'  i(li'»io';ll'.',  and  M '■•.  alioui  tlii'vis  o|  v.nl  wcis^lii. 
'I  11.  \   11    111)1  cM'i,  I'lit     ill'.  Ill  ;.', ''  .  v.'.r.  li  1  I  '!(!.'•,  f'l  "•-•  'ill!  ;.',(>;  nt't'i.  r  ilo  ilicy  txt.'nd  \  ry  wiilc,  liutair 
I  1  Mft'iii  ■■  t  iiilui'.- 1  t'l.i  iir'-'i*- '    ■  I".:!',  a-i!  itotli.i  i  iiiu-s  lal-.c  a  hi  ;",i' ii' |h'.     A- 'or  tiifir  iliiralioii,  it  is  htit 
I  ir  .V  I'-w  iliv',  .111.1  I'oiiu ',11,,  ^  o  .'     ,1  t  V.  Iniiis,     'J"lii  V  ar  •  iivir  co:un; 'ii  in  Aiimii.t  tli;iii  any  wliiri-,  iliougli 
r.iii.ipc  iiiilAliiaii  n  '    1.  "  ".■•i  .r  v.;',  ;;t  ih  i.i. 

Il  iiiiv  I'l'olit'.r.   -1  ■■:   il  \\'iir'  ,  v. '  I.  ill.  r  I' ml  11. t  oi- va;  i 'hie,  that  tonic  an- dryiii;:,  otii  rs  nr*?  moill;  totiiT 
J', I'.hi'r  1  Uni'.!  ,    ■;!;  i    ''iiu!-.  ('■  in  i     i  •"•■■.' Tin,  "ili-'is  i  nM.     IJiii  ili.ir  inllii  ini.' is  noi  on.' and  thf  taiii'j  in 
all  iil.ni-  ;  f'r  1'"  'i  '*'»  'n  '■    '    ;  >  <oI  I  .m.l  I'.i''  i  i  on  '  i    ':  i.a',  .,r.'  w.inn  aiid  wet  in  anotli-jr. 

'I  hil  •  .itf  ihi' I  II  1    1  il  .1!  ......  1  i,.s  .  Ml  i.'iMii ',  Wi  . '.  ;  1  .r  1  .  r  ..■.mini   <'V  1  v  tliiiv' l'<  loiiiiiii.',  to  this  I'uliiuT: 

wo'il.l  |i  tin- w.'ik  ol  1  '  1'  4o'.ii;i:.,  .i';;ior..i  nv  .'.11  'it  ..iven  fr  t.'\.r.d  tiiin'.'.s,  hclon- llit  truth  ot  ilu'in  ii* 
ijfit. :  ..I.  C'.i  •.inc.'.  W  f  i(  .■!•  ••.(-•  Ill  til.  :'.t  pr  lini.ii'  rrr- '.in't 'v'- to  :ii  .Hint  lor  tin- laiilc- of  dMill. ml  Winds. 
W'l;;  !  ,  111  il;  I'l,.;  -ih  i'  !i-.  '  10  I  i' thi' ll.iani,  r,.  ,  u-,,  nt  ..f  i!i.'  .'.li ;  and  where  I'luli  a .  iiriciit  i^  porpttiial, 
an.l  1'^^  'liiiii'.  .■.:!■,  it  i-.  '■  '.'.Ian  t'.-t  itpro.i  .'.-.  I;  I'-i  .1  ;"i:mii  11' ,  iiiiiiiti-rmiitini;  eaiitf.  Wlicreloict'otni* 
Invfl'  -1  iiih  'ill  'p..';.  I  h  iliiirn.,1  roiii"'!  ".  lii.  i;'i,  uii  .n  the  .i.\i-,  ly  ulii.  I),  a- thefi'.oh.' turns  call, 
ilu'lo'.i'i  r  1  ihi;.!  -'i  I  '-.!'!.  .n,  li.  ill ',  I'l  i ..  e  I'.i  'I','',  ave  litt  In  iiiiid ;  lii  that  in  r  Ipu"!  to  the  cartii^ 
fin:  I.  e,  ih.  ■,'  ni'i\.'  ut''  •  ■  li,  .  n.l  I''"  oiii-  i  i')i."an  e  1'..  Iv  \\  I'l'l,  Tiii'  opiii.iii  I'.'ei'is  i.intinned,  for  that 
ll.il,.  u.ii  1  .1'  t  in  '  .'•:'  IK  ■;■  I'.ie  li  ,inn  '."i  i,  111  ilio'  ■  p'.ia  el  ot  l.iiittide '.vlitri  tl..'  d.unial  motion  is  iwiftell. 
Ai;d  w.  Ili.i';  I  I  ■  M'.'  .t'ii'it  to  It,  11  liiei'iir'  .it'  I'liMii  ili  .'iilaiuic  S  a  near  the  liqiLator,  the  weiltrly  \\  iiids 
„  ir  til  '  ,...  1  ,.'  (.  I'  '..-.n  I 'l"-|  ■■  '...il  ^^  1'  ri\  in  -.r  on-  iiaderihc  V.  ,0  uor  iiulie  Indii'n  ."=.  1  ,  dul  not  de- 
,li:i..li  n'M,  I  ,  ,  .i.i.ul'.i-:  '.■..■^.  r.  I,!.  ,■  ilieali  iKiiv...  Uipt  to  lUeearrh  In'  li.e  pun.  iple  01  p,r.ivity, 
M.M.;  :  ;  •..  ,  1  .  ,  .,  .'...M.r  ."it  ui  ,ii!\  il.ii  fne  Mr'.i  e  of  ;!..■  i.nih  liMVes  '.'.idi,  a  u.il  111  ulput  .f  the 
il,ii'"..|  :■  III:"-,  .'.    '     ll;.'  '!■■  '  1'  a''  m  ilr  I'l  n,  « 1  ;■  :i  is  ;i' 1 1'o  s   wmv. 

|j  ,.,,,,,,,.,,.   ,1,,.     ■■;.[■./    I  ,.  c  ,,;li  1- i.iKle,  i.;|'.i   le  ol  pio.h l;  a  l.ke  i  mi'Mnt   ellei-i ,  arreeahlo  lo  the 

kivnn  'i>!.'i"vt'  ■  01  tli'  1'  n  ■•'.  '  -  .'lan.l  «i'ei,  :.n.\  ill.  Ku\s  ol  ili.-  iiioii  "n  .  f  liod  l.i..lu-.  Such  a  one  is-, 
u.-  i.i'i  V.iv,  1'..  1  1  n  '>  ■'  ■'  '  ■■■  '  -•'!'  ^  '•'!'  ■'  '■'  ■'■•■  •""'  ^^■•''"■'  ■''■  '  '-■  1  ■''^"  '•'^'•"^'  "^''V  "\-''  ''','-■  "eeans,  con- 
|.j'i,;,.  ,i,:'|,  I  .1.1:.  :'',L- !;■:;■•  .  :  .•  !  i.l,  ".;:' I  lin:  ui  n  of  th;' .:.!'  '  i.i.it; '  •  utin.  11,  ;  ilierctore  I'lrll,  aeeording 
,!,  ,1.  '  j..  .,;  ■'■■•  .  .  .Il  -  •'.  '  :i  ;  ie  '  I  1  :.-"l,  or  •.  .\pan'l.-d  \i\  iK-at,  and  e..nl' '.iue'uly  nine  pon.l.-ioiis, 
'„,:,,  ';,  ,  ■-  ,1;,.  '-ul-  ihi-i  "1,  v.h  ill  are  n."ve  riilli  d  .mil  lisp  iiil.rou-,  t,  Inn.;  it  to  an 
.HC'  Itii.  I'.iii  C'inlinii.illv  ihinin^  t.)  liie  \\.ii.\aid,  th.at  p..i:t  lu-.iaid  wi:i.-|i 
.  .  I  ;  I,  ;,  111  ,1  -  ■  vh''.  I'leai  ir.eiidiuii  1.  t,  i-  u  I'l  liiiv.  .  nu  d  v.eli'.ia.d,  :iii'l 
.,:  ;  1,  'v  .  '  1'  '-1  ■.  /i  1..  I  di..t  ■..•.!•.•.  T  .i-  .;  ■:v.  .1  lUi'y  \.  .1  i  i  i'.iir.eJ, 
i|  1,  :i;-,,-,i',  1!  ')  ;  .:i,  tr.  :  :'  ir.ip  I  n  :  nn'.'.ei,  :'nd  !•■  l-i' p  '' m.;  till  ihu 
to  ;.i'....li  o     li- ::'..,  :   a:s\...    i  j.i  is.'.;j,iiii  ie!ii..r..l  ;  ..n.l  lin;    ll.e  \s  .lleilv  Wind 

'j',', ,'.',,',','/,   .'.'..'.  ,■  ,  ;   1     ;:  f  ,M,v..-  ,   i',:-.r  li..-      :•   ilv   Wind   llvii!.',  on   di    n-  idi  li.le  "f  ih  ■  r(]ii,itor,  he  lo 
'       '  ■    ,,,  |,  .;•;,  1  ,',  II,'....  I  '  iM    |...iiiiwa|-d  l!.e..  '  -,  i  1;  n    II  til    Li.e  I'.ie  .!ir  M  niuchiii'.re 


111-11!    Ill  1 

..i:-li;    11  I!' 

lij..    ...   [■■■  .!    ,    I  1-    l-l    -.     1  •  ,.' 

(     .'ll,  I.    I     i'      \        -.1  ^  !">.■  .     '    1 

v,';.,  i-.'li  ■    1  '  •  ■'      ■-  o'  d  ir'    11 
lie--.t  II"    .n        .       I'll.  «1  1.1 


I..',   I.l. 


III.   1 

r.i:  II 
t  ll- 
i.  ;  : 

ll'  d 
ll     ,: 


I,. 


.1   •', 


'.-    ll 


1;    ,.,.    tr    „  11,  1  ,.    -1  I  ,  I  the  ion  Ik-iiii''  iwi.e  m  .1  "-n'  v'.nie.',  a-;.'   i;  no  time  dil'- 
l\,  :,',;.    y    ^^\..^■\|    ,l,,ia,ii-   I'e   heat,   I'leii'i;  :'•  l''e   lui-    01  lii.-  aii;le  .  .f    In,  i.i..nie,   is 

..     •;'•    ivl.;.'.!    l^    1  !,l  ,.;  it   Vii.l.r,    w  1    I'-iii  i.ie   mi   I'l    "i".    -''   '  ' 'i    " 

.1, 


,],,,,_  \\l  ..'ijs  11  .li-iiiu-  'I  oi[  iis,  ilu.ii;;li  tlie  Inn  1  onlMiue  loii;i,\ir 
.V\  .;-.  ivl.i,',.  i,  .1  !,;  ,1  ,1  vii  .1,-r,  w'l  i-'-;!!  llie  an  I  ■  e  "is,  ■'.■  I'm  tlv.-  fumnicr 
-l!  ned.'.'ei-  wiii'i  'iiit  iii..'.ei  ih  '  li  n-'-"  i' :  uh.-itioic  tli.  .'.ii  ,..lh.  r.  irili.M.i.l  and 
,  I  .  .  ,  .  i'  t''  I  1  ■'  -f  111  tl-,.  i,:id  !l. ,  il  f  '!1  i.\  .  i';..i  loni  lioiii  li  !.  s  ii  o.i.,r.ii  t.i  i  lu!  toward  the 
1'.;",^  .  .  '  ,,i"  ,'':  y  "ir  ',  ;'\"  ;!i  liii'Vi  1  '1  .  'lliI-  Wi:.-!,  ::..!  Avi  .  ;,ll  I'l.- plueiniKn  1  .  l' t!i.- 'general 
,,'.'.   '',■   '1'     '   .     1"',.  -•.,,'     ..M    i-ii    .,',  ,,'1,1  ii-,id''iil/uii'.\  i  iowa  I  loni.d  d.ev.uii.i,  .IS  il.iv  a:e  Unmd  to 

ii.ii.iii-.    .'vi-i  .;..■  .11.'.  1  ilii.'!';.  Ci,r-.  ....  I'll 

.,,,■,.,    .'    .;„,';    :ii,,;,t,:-.i-s,'ointerp'Vanll.i  al.  i!i.'e')n.r:i;iivo;i!ieoi.-:ins    re;v.-..l'-;.n    I.   :iad  to 

.'      '    ,  .,  .r    1  ■  ■  f  ,•  ->   1  -i    n  -It  11-     1.1-  h    n.oi:,.l;'.   ■:'-,   v.lii  li  :;:   V  !■-   lupiiola!  tlv   I  .0  |  ..luip.d   taiile-^ 

'    ''."''i'     'i    ,  V,. "!..',.  J-      ',\  i ',  I,  ii-.ini  th- !   11,'..!  J,  r.'ji.il  lu'e:   i  n  1,  a  •  oiiiuiy  lyiir.;  1  .  ■    die  luii  j  i-,.\  e.-.  m 
'.■'i''")     '','  \  ' !.' I ,".'  I     .'.',-•    i    •   i.'i'it-i    !,,  ■,ii  ,'e  01  ;i  ly   ep  lu.i  .0  I'c.  liie  lua-  (    .alioncd  liy  the  r-- 

'iJi;,./, "'iV'-i   t   ;;■    ulii'ie  .1  111  die  and,  1,  in.  le.iii.li  to  ill   Icw'--^   -       nntleltil;    wlici. 

" -         ■•  ^  ,11  t.  -J  .'.   I  I  111. '.  i'n''i'e  d.ine  .lin'..    li  '  vii.i  thir  i  lu.i  d  ■  (.  ■ 

;!i    i.iutv;  ..  ll". ,  n.ai  ;!-..  toali  oi  (jiiiiKa,  '...  -  \\  ind  .I'-.v..'.  >  ki^  i.-. 


n  ,  1 1 


;'     .     11'!  'lie  H 

I   »    ,'  .'   II'   1  e-'".    -^ii     '     '.■'        I'l' 

,    ,;.,'.       e  .-    i..l.''il!i    ,  ;  1    1    i'  111 

,,.     ,.,   ,.       :      ,  I,    Ll    ^;l::,;  V.  i  -    '  .i'    \--       -ui  'I   e.ii! 

1',-^;  '    1.    :  liiiii-nt    I    .ili'il   ! 
I  ,,-.,1   i-,  lii  le  -;  .veiel'oiii..iii;'  I    'e..l    1"  g'V    i 


1 


V  ,  'inc  •  I   i   1101  ill. m 


v.-  in-  1.1  -   11  laii.l   jiM-is  oi'  A'ri    !  ar  -  pi  )  I  ,  i  v.i 

,.„,,,■  il    1.11'.  I    o  n  l"l-,il  ai  alii  evoi..    I    e  1  1   pi    .wa.vm 


'  ..   0.1111  .  1  !  .1  t  11  1..  ins.   I      ,  .      V',  :.\..,-;     i,i  ,,,;.  .  ,,,!,  ,v.ll  thuvol'.tli.-  len.Un  ^  ol  uie  an  here  i-,  ,n- 
''^''"''■''7'"';iiTl      Ind-'r     o     '.a    U-  we^'h;  .a  the  incumUni  alii.olpiKi-c   Ivino 

:i;,;;:;-r,i;:  :h:^:n::;!l--uAl;n:K  .......   Imne,  „  d.  ie.iK.a  duu  ilK.uil,e,eli".J.  not.iie 


to.'iy.i   v..p'jur 


it  uctutb,  but  leti  11  f.id  nuo  luiiuuu  ram  . 


But 


r 

\ 


\\ 


^:;:t 


I 


Hi 


fi   ' 


5-0 


A  (.11  Di:  TO  (.l.OC.  U  AT  M  V 


iMC. 


But  a   tlic  io>.',  .'.uc 


Llltc 


V  iciKiii  I 


if  its  uiv.i.or  L'.i.ivilN , 


L-lK 


■^  Uiviii  IMi 


c  liot  aiul  raiinrd,   it 


flrat 


ivo  til, it  tins 


hv.t: 


ill  al^iiul 


111  ;i  coiumui' 


nil 


1^  tl-.llloll- 


Ipcrlc  iili-'lt  10  puloiw  till.-  (.V 


liiih 


I  ;is  talt  .IS  It  raiilics;  lUii!  tli.ii,  liciiig  al<  iinlcd,  it  mull 


parts  wlKii-lhe  t!,r,at.ri  I'.cat  i--:   lo,  l)\  a  kiiul  nl  <  iiciiiaimn,  tiif  noiili-i 


nuiiu  tli.U  I-,  ilif  ii|>i'if  an  imiii  mow  hy  ,1  uMiiii'.ry  tiimnt   Iroiii  tlioli.' 


wiiii  a   I'liitli-ucrt.iK    ab  >Vi.-, 


a  t 


ic   luuih-ialiiih  wuii  a  norili  wi- 


ll  W 


lit  Tradr  Wind  Iv 

Tliat 


l)calli-iuk(l 
tins  is  m..ic  tlian  a 


oare  toiiKi'iuic. 


the 


alini'lt  inltantancoi^  cliana,c  ot  the  Wind  to  tl.,  oppolii.   punu,  wIikIi  i- lif(nnniiy  Iniaul  ii 


]ianih)i 


'  llK'  nni;Is  i.>: 


,  railf 


W 


uivis,  levins  to  alurc  ii> 


hut  thai  wl.uli  a.i'Vrall  t'liiiiiiir.i 


Ih 


liu-  piircnoiTiciion  1  f  tlio  moiiluoii'-,  by  this  nuMii^  Molt  catilv  l<)l\ 


il  without  it  hail 


I' pot  I 


irtl: 


I-  cai:ljs  ( 


.ft-  Ml 


dl 


\\  cx|ilu'abl 


Kiiriiaiu's 


ilc.i.aiKic.i,  tliLV  arc  li.iidiv  to  boaaoiiin.tl  for  111 


li. 


\e\xx,  ii  iiia\  ill  tiit-  liitl  jilac 


lat  I  hi 


c  valid  ol  all 


ds  is  liiiKh  the  lam 


all  parti!  iilars. 


and  ihcriicit  an  ix- 


iraordinary  nioiion  n:av  he  (.'xcitcd  in  ilic  air,  1  v  the  lame  ua\  a    11  is  in  ih.'  water. 


ow  it  watiT  lall-  ( 


iipli  iilace.  o: 


il  i,.cr. 


'.liu.'ncc  of  level  il   iireams  to^crtliei,  t. 


loill  ,1 


main  whiilin"s  ar 


If,  tk 

;aili,' 


111  It ;   ti',;-  1-  apjiaien 


lomci 


'OUS  t.>  this  111 


I  I'l  loiKMts  iilhiv.;  ilou.'i  lioiii  101  ks 
111 


;ivis  II  a  vioUni  motion,  aikUaull 


md  eonllufiiccs  of  river- 


m  .t. 


Anil 


Pl 


Hi  II  a  tiun[;  may  liip 


li,,ppen  in  l.i.-  a;r,   Ihui  mull  luedb  lie  lunou^  tempill'.  of  Wnid 
111  iMraordinary  i|M.uii;t\  ol  vapinua  l)ediivin  by  tlic  Wind  uiioij 


:i  tcrtaiii  place,  wlik  11 


I'.u'v  laiiiiot  lalily  get  ovir  in'  naion  o|  iiuniiitain    or  io|;ii,irv  Winds,  ilat  oppoi'c  them 


For  cxamjiL-,  I'upp  •'.-■  a  Wind  from  lomc  point  between  nortli  m\A  eall  carries  a  \all  1  ollci'tion  ot  vaj.'oiirs  out  of 

1  htiiits  upon  the  > '  iitincnt  ot  Amirr.-.;  now  11   is  |)oiiilif,'   tiiat   not  oiiiy  tl 


Africa  to  the  L'an  '  'i 
mountains  and  womis 


till-  w;iH 


ot  I'aiiama  niav  rclill  the  1  uncut  ot  t'.i 


W 


le 


III 


the  vapours  together,  but  a 


contrary  Wind,  tiom  a  point  bctwicn  tlie  loiitliaii  I  well,  may  i  low  at  thelame  time  on  tlie  ucllern  llioic  ol  Amc 


rica,  Willi 


tail  K 


iC  the  va 


pOL 


bai  k 


W 


un  hull  aKiKounici  liapp  n--,   ilni.ni 


:e  an   aliout    t 
ti 


,i'ul  in    all   thai    irai 


\apouis  III  this   circular   motiiin    mu 


ill   be   t 


uruiu- 


luie 


il 


Soiiln    ar 
.    11    IS   ;n 


d    \o.ili-A 


\  wild  uproar 


mcnra ; 


lie  wu.r. 


I 


aihl    the 


or   \vc    lee   at 


th 


conUueiicc  ot    tworivir-,  it    iliiir    uirrents   Ic    rapid  at  tlie 


eddu«  which  whirl  ab  ^ut  things  that  arc  can  iii'.o  ihtni 
uj)  aa,ain. 


valf 


pa  c  wluve  lhe\ 


I IV.  \  eaule  violc.'.t 


iwiii;.',  ihem  loi  a  lime,  and   tii-.n  throwiii;'    thm 


l!ll 


Tins  Ih 


ws  115  the  realo'i  vvliv   heavv   boilies  are  < 


tlien  dallied  to  t!  c 


iiuiaui  a-ain. 


i  01  th. 


;ir  hems: 


Itcn  |ollt;d    ill  ihc 
in  a  circular  nv 


A     IIr-    WiaillMiJ 


luiriKancs,  aiic 


1     with  ■^le.il  bay   lolled   backwards 


and    h 


irwaii 


btiuien   l!ie   itroi.nd   aiii   tlu-  iloi.ds.      And   as  the  w.ae:-    ul    the    rolhii};  ka  do  in  I  run  tot' 


ic 


mores  in  an  even  llr 
into  dillinc;  bla;    . 


lull  in  lucli  waves  as  d.Jli  i  y  fits  and  I  urn  ,  lo  tii.'  louiic  ol  a  viole 


Wi 


llokt 


T 


o  come  now 


toll 


le  common 


lanomcna  o 


f  Winds,  tlie  dr 


y  or.;    are  !i,ch  as  lari  v  few   vapours  aloivj,  witli 
them,  and  tlu-rdote  diaw  otrthcmoili  |i.ati.  le    Iimiii  bodies  ove:'  wiiiih  they  p.us.     Thus  in  1  IoII.uhI  il  e  nurili 
and    call  W  imls,    with    the    iiuermei.liaie   |-,o:iii .,    aie  il 
vapours,    in    KM-iipaiiton   of   ihofc   which   lonie    liom 
li.j  eall  are   v.ill   tla^,k^  ol    huvl,  wiieie    the  heat  at   Miiirumi 


rying. 


cipecialh    the  we 


llcrly 


be- .uile  tlu  colli  northern  Uayi'.ld  b'.t  lew 
p. Ills  ol  the  Ol  can;  and  Irorn  tlunie  io-,i.ards 
er   1    but    vei\'  Imall.     I5ut    the  other  Winds, 


,  are   moil 


bi 


Ocean  llldom  fails  to  lend  us  rainy   Wi 


C' aoif   thev    iliuc   lioiii   |j,e   vi,ai.ii    aud    vaporous 


>ail5. 


Tl 


Well 


em 


ol  coiintru  s. 


Sjcli  Winds  iiather  (.  louds  a^  blow  troiii  t 


Ih: 


L-vei ,  ill 


piop- 


nts   aicoiilin^  to  t.ie  vaiious  lituaiion 


irtcrs  where  t'l     vapours  aire,  wliuii,   in  1  oniuiii'lion  with  thf 


tide  (hole  Wi 


luaKe  i.iir  weailKi ,   \wiicli 


bii 


ittlc  \a- 


vapours  ot  our  own  ti  j^i  1,1,  till  the  air.     On  the    lUier  lulc  I  hole 
pour  along  with  them,  and  bear  away  iliat  wimh  lianas  over  u'. 

Winds  arc  wan;,  or  lold,  as  the  countri,  s  aie  iioin  \\liencc  t'ley  I'low;  and,  therefore,  when  a  brilk  Wind 
blow.-  Irom  a  Cold  ijiiarter,  it  allays  the  lumni>  r  hiat,  whih  i--  \ei\  liicloiiie  in  liill  weatlnr.  Thus  a  quieL 
blall  o!  a  jiair  of  bellows  will  put  out  a  liame,  whuha  ;'>  ntle  b!ou  in;;  ineiiaks;  tor  the  i|iii(k  blall  drives 
all  the  llame  to  one  lide,  where  it  is  Uifled  b\  the  torce  ol  the  liii  iiiiibenl  air,  exi'  pt  il  meet  with  more  tuel  oil 
tl:.'.t  Tide;  but  a  ^^entle  Wind  augments  the  motion  ol  tlie  llame  every  way,  and  makes  it  Iti/e  <  1  more  parii 
ol  the  Mel. 

Now,  bci  lule  all  the  lieat  or  n)ld  ot  Winds  [iroieeds  Irom  the  luat  o|-  cold  ot  the  coui.iiy  whence  11  blows, 
tlierctore  the  lame  Wiiuls  are  hot  and  lold  every  wh.ie.  ii.yoi.d  the  1  ne  th  y  are  i.il  the  leveile  of  what  th-v 
arc  with  le;   !■  1  '.li.ircold    Winds  are  trom  tlie  fouili.   a    'i.i  .  a  e  ti'iu  t!:e  iv  i;h  ;   and  as  o^r  li.uih  NS'iuil-  aic 


warm,  lui  iii 


■dii 


but  b 


tli.v  bll, 


an  ail  hea; 


the  lull,  loi  the  \eiA  lame  i^alcn  the  north 


W 


mils  are  waini  to  our  .•' 


r\ntl 


I'romwhat  has  been  laid  it  is  luliicieni'y  r.inrikll,  that  ili'.  fun  ImIu- pi  iiu  :j;a!  i  uil'j  ■  I  Wiiul,  and  m'tiontiie 


caule  o 


f  Vi 


But  it 


we  exec 


pt  thole 


ml. 


ml  anil 


die.il  Winds  wliii.li  blow  111  k  mc  lea- 


ti.el 


imits  ot 


the  relt  laiiiioi  be  uetermined,   noi   lan    we  In    wh.ii  tmv  will  beuin,  or  wliMi  they  wileiid.    J'or  inltiuiie,   w 


tannot  uive  a  real  in  win'  an  ealt  Wind  lli. 


le  luiiimer,  andiiMli  Wi.idaiioiii 


mi_k;ht  b 
lever 


dileoverevi,  11,  loi  kveial  year-  tog^ether,  a  nr 


1  countne 


torih 


w '  nil  le  Ills  111 


vonii.mi  an  I  inei'ulir  lo  us,   iiii;^ 


lei  vat  ion  was  m  i. 
li 


tlie 


w 


I'olill 

Hills,  and  their  lliiltin 


)h   it 
in 


c  uucs;   at  le.ill  ue  ihoi.id  know  Imw  lar   i  raikd  W  lud  w  .old  i  oiiiiiiue  11  . 
made  wc  mull  Lie  lati  tied  witii  what  knowlnliie  we  havi. 


igs 

•  t'.iind  lo  loilow  ccrtam 
till  lui  h  expeiiiiKiils  ate 


n 

f 

f. 

Ae.ii- 

1 

All,,. 

s 

Aihe! 

a 

Aa.iM. 

B 

A.l.ii: 

B 

A.lil. 

' 

Aim 

''1 

\.|mii 

■     ' 

.\,Uv. 

i 

A.IlM 

u 

A  hi 

AiKi 

A; 

.A;;:  II I 
.■\,'. 

A,  i/l 

An  111 

.\is, 

As 

.M..,; 

.Ml  ■. 

Al.,1: 

Alii. 

a;  ! 

Al.  I 
A'-ii 

.Mr 

A!, I 


•^; 


J  N  [)  i:  x. 


I 


aiul  r:iiinr(l,  it  is  d.  iniiii- 

,  liiiiig  all  i-tulc<l,  It  mull 

ii:\iy  n:ric'nt  thim  tliolc 

lui  IkIow  will  bcailciuifii 

'lint  iliis  is  mi'ic  than  a 

mil  !■  licqiKinly  imiiul  in 

11:11 11',';  thi  ■  hyiiotln-lis,    is 

uK  cxpliiMl)!.'. 

11,1.1  till  m  ;ii!  |v.rii'  iilars, 

III;  ,  ami  ilicR'tcie  an  i-x- 

Now  it  waii-r  lalU  Iniiii  ;i 

loliiii  nioiimi,  ami  laulls 

:i;ul  LiiillufiitC'  111  livcr  . 

|'uri"ii>  tl.■lliiKll^  u|  \\  111,1 

iliivi  11  hv  tlic  Wind  iijioii 

Wimls,  ll:at  i)p|)iilt:  iluni. 

oik-rtion  ut  vai-'uiiis  out  ot' 

iDlii'iJ--   tli.it   not  only  the 

vaiioui')  tugctiicr,  hut  a 

tlic  ucllcrn  iTioic  ol  Aiiie- 

11 1,-  mail  1h-  a  wikl  upni.ir 

Siiitli-Anicrica ;    aii^l    tiic 

iL-   wu.r.      l-'or   \vc    k'C   .it 

tall  i  :,   til'  \  tauli.'  violt.'.t 

.uul    llitn  ihru'.viiiL;   tlii-ni 


INDEX 


T  O 


BANKES's    SYSTEM    or    GEOGRAPHY 


i 


liiiliii"  ('f  luiniiancs,  ani' 
UMt  liiiy  I  wilt' 1  lijik.varus 
lliiii!,  lea  do  int  iiin  to  ilif 
ii  a  \  lolci.i  Wind  IS  broken 

V  liAv  vaiioiH--  aloiv:,  \mi1i 
'I'lius  in  I  loll.Uid  it  '.•  iioilli 
norilRin  Ua  yi'.ld  Iv.t  Uw 
1;  and  tiMiii  tln-iKc  towards 
.  IJut  tlic  other  Winds, 
irou'.  pa!  Is.  'I'lic  Wellern 
iiij^  to  ilic  v.iiiou,  liiuaiioii 

.nil,  in  1  oniuiiotiuii  with  the 
ithu,   uhich  bnn<;  little  va- 

iTcfore,  when  a  biilk  Wind 
lill  wt.ulur.  'I'luis  a  quieL 
;  to]  the  ipiiik.  bl.ill  dri\ts 
|)t  It  ineei  wiih  mor.-  tuel  on 

iiak.b  It  Iti/.'  <  I   mote   paili 

ih,-  country  whence  ii  blow-., 
;i.li  liie  uveilc  ot  what  tlu  V 
.\<i^  as  i.'ir  I'oiiih  \\  iiui-  au' 
.e  vci\  lame  ivatoii  ihc-  north 

.|j  ■  t  Wind,  ami  ni'liui  the 
,,v  ill  I'  mc  k-a^,  ilif  limits  of 
y  \siil  end.  I'or  inlt:nuc,  we 
I  Wi.id  aiioilr.r.  l'ollll)h  it 
•  Win, Is,  ,ind  iheir  Huttings  in 
I',  b  ■  t.,iind  to  liillow  certain 
ju:,  till  luih  cxpcriiiKUls  M<i 


•i 


;.. 


I 


An,i(.  i.i,  1(11 
.Al.lK-Mlle.  H18 
Aluiloil,    ,)l;5 
AI'I  lilei'lllllHC,    l)Aj 

Alirx,    yHi 

AI.'.il.Hir<  l>,ll,ir,    101 
Aliv.l.is   1-0 
Al.vlliir,,!.   ,,;4 

N.iiiual  Hiflory  111.   []■;', 


— — . Ciilhiins  .iii'l  Nl.umcib  ol   the 

lllh,lllll.UllS    ,);!> 

. llilliiiy  111,   :i>-'c 

.•Xe.ijni!!  11,    ,  1 1 
.\n,i,    r,s:| 
.■\i  lull.   ■',1.' 
A.l.ini.    i-f 
A,l.ii!i  slV.ik,    ^cj 
A, 1,1,    (.■., 
.•\.l,:i,   .1, 
\.|niii,iii\  lil.iii.U,  K(i 
.\(iii,ino])le,   i)j.( 
.\,lii.iiii  .    Ill.inib  ot  till .  ,1 ;  I 
.■\  Im  niiiii'  lll.i'ul.   ;(i  1 
.\,Uiiuuus    "t    l-.'i;lii    HiMilh    ."scMMicii 
wi;,)  \MMti  !,.i    I'l     t'.iM  i.l.aul,   ,111.1  ,il- 
inu.iiils  II  1!, mil  l.iU-   '"  ill'  :i    iMUVi' 
l.ui:|,    ■;■ 

t)|  K.'ill    Klllil.  i;-,ivlin  IcilMill- 

e,l  lUeie  I'.'M  i-il  \  e.iiN,   /.  ^ 
.!.  .li\    1-  I 
.'..Mil.   Mounl.  0^0 
.i-,i\  ilii>  .1,    1;- 
All  1,  .1,   ,j  1  ', 
A^iiMjui;,  X.\^ 
.AtTcmriiiM^,   1'  ,/ 
.\.,.,.    ...S 

,\.;i  K  siluiii'.  I  iiitlioiiel  ill  t.  i.ia-i,    ■■■''■■ 
.\l  u    ,1,   I    n 


'    A'lig.ilnrs,   iy] 

Alhiiii,   Deft  ii|UH>ii  ut,  7^),t 

.■Mni.iiiae,  ,  Ciiiiieli'.   ii'-'(' 

.\lld(c,  8;,i 

Alinia,  6a(> 

Alicnlnir);,  7:^7 

ArTia(l,ilia(l,   1^(19 

AmiikIm,    1117 

A:ii,ir,i,  ;)Hg 

.Xiiiiilid,  ill. 

.\iiialliis,  t-  I 

Am.i;'ti"i,',    ',"-•     DileiiTcry  (if,  ,-,63 

.■\n;'iilT,    7  10 
Aiiilnr,  n,i,   '2lH) 

.\llllu\lll,    2.) 

.\iiKMiea,  firii  Difeiivnv  el,  4('>i 

OeiR'ral  DclLiiiiiKiii  dl,   463 

Noitli,  .j(i.( 

Suiiili.    ••,  1 


, Appcii/cl,  f\Si) 
lAialiia,  'JO- 
1  Ar.irli.iii,  r4ii 

Aiarci,   id.) 

Ai-eli.iii^cl,  eir  St.  Mitlucl,  689 

Ardd.il,    142 
;  Aiciiilieij;,  783 
I  Arili.ih,  ;yj(i 

Arg.ili,    1 1,5 
i  Aryciuii'r,!,  042 
I    Arnylcdiin-,  1)24 
;   ArhiiCin,  61:2 
I    Ariinailie'd,    i')0 

Arniciu;ins,    141) 

,  Aiinciu.i  M,i|iir,    iC^?. 
Miiini,  1(1 ! 


AriiliMni,  H?7 

Arlciiie,  Dl  li  rijiKiii  uf,  71; 
.'\i((.i-   ■  n.Miilli  lilaiia;  (.J- 
Aiidiipts'  10    Tnil   .A    N.    W.     .Nriois  8 10 
I'all.ifiL-  111,   4.M(i  '|Ai/riiiiii,    id! 
I'liilcil  Slates  ol.iil an! iliicil,4'ia   I  Al.alon,   uy\ 


Auidr..-.  .1   i> 
.  \  1  s  ,    '>  , . 

.\  \  1 1  l.''i.ipe!li-,    ■'  ,, 
.M,a:.  -,i.    .1.1 
.M.'.„i.  ■.    1     , 
.M.Uh!,   1., 
Alli.ii.M-,  ..■.' 
.•\".'m:<  1,  i;     , 

a:  I  111, a,  1.;.  .■!,  ij8 

i\l.  nil  |u,   IS 'J  I 
A'ep|i..,    1     1 
.\I,-\.iii,!i,.'.,    ;'|0 
.•\l,.i,-ii  \e,  h;v| 
■'•h'.ii   ,    I 

.\lll,l.  M     .ml      ('ll^l'lll^     vl      II, i 

b.l.iliilauis.  4>i/ 

. III     IV  I'l.     |Oi) 

\    .  ;  I. 


.\iiiteiis,   S.jt 
.\iiiiiialaloa,    ■\-^ 
.■\li.lleiii,iTii,   li''0 

lllari'l,   :n 

.'Xiiainalmo,   ;i.|  ( 
Anaioli.i  I'l^pri ,    1(1,1 

.■\:itoi;a,  Hij  ( 

Aiii  vr.i,    1-  t 

.ViMLiUifia,   H-H 

,\iuU'iiiaii  llli'«,    .:  1 1 

.\niiiini.    ,',11 

.•\iii;.i/i-|,i,   4  , 1 

.■\iii;leli  \ ,   ii  i  , 

A;:.;..la,   .;  pi  ' 

.\iii;Ma  J'liair'  .\ieoiini  i>!,   '. 

.Xii'.uilla,  .,.■  , 

.\;ili.ili.   -  17 

.\"Kl,li'llII,     .)  (II 

\'i'i.iiii.iiik,i.     \  ' 
\M:i,',pii|i»,    4<|H 
\'i|,'ii,   Sl'- 
\i.'i-",    .)  ,'1 
\,/p.,.  '  .    ->■• 
\ni,.'i.li',i.,    17J 
;,■:  .  h'jH,    1  ;i 

.Ml    I)'     .1,    ,,  '  ( 
.\llM    l.ll  .111.1    .     l.i'l 

'.lllllli  !l.     I     't 

\lllip,il"'.,    ,,  j  I 

.\iui  Mil,  II  ;i 

.\>ii>,  v.u  iiM.  .'>;'!  I  le.s  111,  l' 

i  .\lllWl'ip,     i'  I  I 
i.VIMMir.l,     l;   1 
lApiv,    'i 
Apes    '^o 

II   0 


Mei-iilu::i  Ule,  4  ,j 
.\li-iii,  ■.'  1- 

.\lll,l.     1,     H)) 

.M'lii-i.    iH« 

.Ada    111  general    ic- 

Alia  Mill. 11,    HtH 

.Alia  lifu.i.i,   14  1 

Alius,    i-'o 

AiUri...  'iiiS 

Alli.uliiii.    1  5; 

.Mlioloiiv  ,l'.-rli,iii)  I  1; 

AHiiiii.iMii    1  (  Irr.ele     '.'li 

.\(li(i!i..i;:\ ,  .1  I'liu.!,'  1  I.  iiM 

Ail.in.is,  ;■■•  I 

I  .Allien*,  i:,   ■, 

;  ■\'''->. ,(., 
I  ,\i..\i,  ,'-'■ 

■   .\ii.;!i.n;...   lio.! 
'   .\..iiiiis   >';- 

\  Ai.i.iia  l;l,;i,l.  |.  I 

1  .\iilli.  I,   I'll,  le  o!,   ".^H 

I . .\l     'l,liul.\     III.     il). 

1 .^  :,,,„,■, ,  11.. 

I         — •      I  piei,   7')l 
I  .\..M'ii!;ie.   *>(>-, 
\    \^^.    .,1 
.\Mi;mi.i.   H-/J 
em,    K.J 


BAhelinaiKlel,   457 
liili\liiii,    |LI» 
Baelie..ii,    i,)(j 


I 


lj,>acn. 


J   N    1)  L  X. 


.1  I 


I       ! 


9S: 


K'tni.iin  i  odi 

S\\  1/ n  1  l.iiiii 


800 


B.i-.LhI,  11 


I!.. 


li 


li.ih.ll.i,    i.{  { 
U.ilhfi.-.  luris  o\ 
H..M1V1.:.  -,.1 
Iviliic,  i>.  • 
H.iii>!<ci 

I'l.Ullllll' 

liiinll!. 
IS.nwal. 


iM 


->!. 


U-,  i:-.-i 


H.mii 


H.Ulh.! 


15.111., 


Il.ni.Mi.i. 


r..r 


H.ih 


>U   il    '11   r    .1. 


r>...  ii .J.  t'.i . 


,•1    (.  ..■.r.i.W 


■t.  -.;» 


(<co 


.1.  4«- 


Hi 


It.  1,11. 


1.       I, 


1; 
1  > 

1:    1 
li    : 


1',.  ..  1.1...  I 

I'l;.  ,.  i-'  <  111    1' 

11,  ;, ... ...  I' 

1'..  il.      1.  I  .  i 
II.". ^■,   1    - 
!i,  /  ...;      .    ' 

) J      .     I 

)...■.  '    .. 

I',. 1:. ■•....    ■ 
15,.- 


'  :  I 


,i| 


■%x.{  IiLiivl.  So 
Uili.i,-,  l..Mill1i;| 


I)      T, 


if,  ><■• 


n.iu 


■i.r. 


Hiilu  lu.i,  ii>;) 


•»li.;.  11. 


(' 


C 


u  ( 


1,    .,1IM,    ilr;M.' 


,il  l-.iiool     Ci.li/.  K-.-< 


-.W 


I'riloi) 


i'Ai\ 


lU.inliiil'iiii;,  ;  ■,!' 
Uli.iilv  Rivci.  -!  iS 
Uluc  Kivoi,  ill. 

ll.illClllM.  81.) 


.C'.iM 
C..II1 
C-.ml 


lc'11,1,    )|- 


,  ( 


:)-'J 


C'.iil. 


Hii.iii,  ii  (.) 


11 ,  170 


._  N,iiiii,il  H.n..n  (i),  ill 


Ilbiuls 


IVil. 


,M 


.iniU'l  ^  .111 


.ICull. 


it  tlic  liili.ilui.iiii^.  Hid 


C'.il,iu,  S,H 
I'.iUiiti.i,  .'^o 


;  -    —  c. 

!   B.Ou.l.  jSt 
I   HoKilmLi.  -.1 

11.. Ill,  1-4 

B.)!...; 
,    B.iiiili,i\ ,  .';■  j 

B.inav.ll.i,  .)  jO 

;      Bolul.H  ill,  O,)') 


ovci  iimoii 


t,  .>v>.  ill 


C.ilciil 


C.ilil 


iiniiii;. 


r^O 


(\ill.i 
Cilli 


llollll.l,  /■jOl) 


■  i; 


S,)! 


Illl.i>  11.),   JCl 


(".lllll.ll,  (1 


f.ll 


t 


vaiv.   I  Ho 


l',lllllvilllli.l. 


■V,  > 


(".luili.u  .1,  I'd.) 


B,.:iiu-,  -Mc 


Bii 


B.Mll' 


Clmu'fr 

I  lil,Hl.l,  ■'> 


10 


t'.iniliu.li.i, 

Ciiulir.iv, 

l'.iinliriili;illiin 


V  ot.  .'HH 
n.inilli  1(1.1 


an,...  ^.■  i 
a..lli;c.,  .(• 
B  'iii;.i.  .)^ 
Bull. .11  N\ 
1.; 
H..i,iii\  B.. 
:,  N.i 


( 


I 


;'U 


S  .11  lOUS   Kllll! 


s  ot,    I 


.\1.1111 


44 


!iill.:i 


H.ll. 


■1«7 
014 


(■.iiiil.'l-.ii.i.ili., 
I   ('.iinoiiiln^   I  rif,  nH  } 
I  \'.)ii,i  ol  G,ihlcf,  iH« 


C'a 


11,1.111,  iKi 


I.I.I 


-f .  H 


4X1, 


I'.iii.iU    Cliincff     2  iB 


I'.ill. 

lull 


M.iimt.'i  I'l  ilic  In-     I'.iii.li 


lll.illl   V,     .) 


lilt 


(• 


4-° 


ir..u,i,  til  LiPic,  1)411 


I    Bi.ul. 1.4111,  >.;■:< 

I    Bi.ui1m.ii.  111.  .if,   1 

.     Bi>illl'(.llin.l~.  .Si    , 


B. 


H  ,1. 


Son 


(.^im;i.\im,i,  lib 
'(".iiuci!iui\ ,  9  to 
iC.iiiiiiii,  iiH 

l('a|)C  BrrK.il,  j.17 
C.i|ic  ol  (iuuii  Hope,  ;,17 
I Town.    ^iH 


i4>...t..i.  .!•. 
Buw    Illlllr!,  He 

Bi.ih.uu,  H 


L,. 


Co.ill  C.illlr,    (4  t 


if.ilv. 


ISi.ihuiIki,   t'O 


l)c  Vcnic  IlLiiuls.  4JJ 


B 
Bi 

Bl,!ll.lr 


i,i..;.iii/rf,  S^!  ( 

•t 


apo/,  41  ) 
jpi  I,  (.1    I', 


Cdi 


a(  at'.'i,  '\f2 


Bi.ifil. 


-.  N.ii.i 

--    I'liull'lldllt'- 


1- 1.111..  1' 

llill'iivi.l 


■11 


ii.iinaiii.i,  I 


Iiuli.in.    d'.fi  ubcd, 


I" 


ii.iv.iiil.  1.1  ,  In  II  ill     i,| 


BliiIk 


C.iilaiiiii.i,   ;   '. 
('  11  lii;  iiilliiu',  I)  1.) 


il.H.i,   Ki  |.l 


II. 11.-    ol, 


.l|i-L- 


lii-i  ■■  lll.iiuK,   y3j 


III.1 


i«i!' 


il,  (.Ho 


ISii-1,1 


I'.i.  II. 
Bn.l..:. 


I'.iili 
Uiii.i 


r. 


( .11  i.t.  1  ■ ' 

I", 11  :iul M.  -')■■! 

r.uiii' 

I'll! 


.)ll> 


I  low,  .)  n 
(',11  in.iiiiiciilliiic.  .;  19 

(".llllK'l.    iHI' 

I'-iiiun  oiilliiri',  .|.'0 


N.iri! 


.South, 


N.  11!. 
,  «  .-1 


■1    1 


•f',) 


.\  ,iw.  1!  Ill   .Ml  l!iv  I  ol, 


Bill..'.-.   N  I- 

Bii.li.!-,  >  ■( 

ill  L.i.l\-  u  i    1 .1111   iiliiiu;.  -  p 

\V,,.l,i,;,.,.ilr,  7|8 
liu.  .  r   '  .  -     '...;    ,  fi  1  ^ 
B.i.  ....  .\-.       .   ,  ,.■ 

ion  .,  11  ..1      ,\i,'i    .1  0  I  . 

-    .     'I  111.     s   ,h    l.  ilojlr     ■)0.| 

B   01    II!'.'!'         '■       1 

I'o.'  .  ,:i  .    1  !■  :.  .      I    10111,11  l..ilili-    Cj', 

{•I:    ,  Hi'.  ,     ■   ,11 

H.  .11..  ■. .  >i  , 

\'.       ,.:    IN,  ■■'  ,J 

I'.    I  -  •.  .^••,- 

li    .'11  s  's  1.!  ml.    jl  I 

.'...1    1,    1'    1 

;'.  .11..  . ,, 

IS   ,1.  Illl    s    lll.lll  I.     ,       I 
l'.,.ir,    UK-  .,1,   .),)« 

r.v'.iii  ,  r-i  1 

I.;  1..11  1  lllai..  I,  .|0 


Mc.litcrr.uu-aii    H-.) 


r.llolll.l.it.  I. 

C.i  .,  1^1  K.ii 

C  olll.IJ.io,    .11 
(',11  iluf.on.i. 

Soiuh  /Xiiu'Mi  d    j4J 

C, ill. Mill  ',  ..I  ('  il'inuio,  '.iiiH 

C.i.ii:!     IVI.1111I    1. 1,; 

C.iMrl,      - 

(    '.l-cil,  :■- , 

(Ml,!,-    (o.i  .111.1  Nc'.>      H,7 

C.il-Mi..  1  ,'< 

C.it.ii  Diul.^.    iH  • 

("al.ilo!'    I,  ~^;-., 

l'j'..ii.iil' ,     ("■ 

C.lii.ii   111    .si.  I     o'  i''ll  "'•    '°7 

.Mo:   111,   V^a 

(•.i|.,|in  .    Iiiliiiiiiitm* 

l',.ii.MO  -,.11 
]    C',iv.iii.  .1  ,1 
,   Civ-illo-.  III..11.I  ,  :1ii 

CoR.ilir,   Moi.iii,   II. I 
[   {■.lyin.iii  '  Ill.iiiii:..  /-i  I 
I    CiMoii!,',  ..M; 
I   CJ/.m,  I'^v' 
j   Criel.f,  Jl   lllaiiJ.  .-I  Mji-.ill-',  «''<» 


Cci'Uii 


r,..,.!iiioi 

Cri.ini,  : 
J'.'i'.....  . 

(•.1,1.1,   .1 
fi-sl.  .1, 

I'lii I' 

('li.iii  I! 

I'lli.ol. 

c:;,..<.ii.i 

C'|v|lVll 

l'l..,r.ii..i 
Cii  iini.. 
fli,i:i.'.': 

fll.Uilo', 

I'h.iil.-ii 
Ch.iil  : 
C'i..ii;.-i 
1'll.iilul 


t'liruli 

Corllu 
l"ii-K 
CI.iiU, 
Cii.i'.i 
111..  i 

(■111,  ill 

Cliuol 
Choi, 


( i 

IK 

fl 

HI 

11 

1. 

I  . 

1 

c 

(■ 

( 

1. 

1 

Ill 

i 

r 
1 

1 
I 
I 
( 
1 

1 

I' 


j'.j 


11.111.1-,,  'A'^ 

o 

t 

■.   10 

(-1 

Inir,  ,,  {■ 
;.'ii.  Kiruls  ot, 
■ilii.m,  :'o8 

M4 

iliv 

1  r(P,  -H) 
ili!i'e,   iHH 

(  ii'ir,  ij^ti 
1.   i.'d 

H 

"■  .';■•' 7 
od.l  Uiipc,  317 
iwn,    jiK 
■ill  f.illlr,  ,m 
|n>  Cioiifalvo,    ((15 

X'crilc  IlljiiJs,  ^Jf 
\ 

IiuIliu'i    df.fmbcd, 


1; 


illi-.q  M 
in.llKiv,  ,jO, 


III 

i,i 

nlliiio.  I,  \iy 

(1 

ll:!ll',  M.'O 


\ori!i  .r-.d  South,  /,c,4 

u.,  ,rvt 

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Dwcr  ul  ill  Cliina, 


Nil  ..iii;!i  iinlltii  c,  I)  i.j 
Nm  .    Itiii  iiiiiia,  or  Siil'i 

NnVa   Si  oil  I,    |i)l 

No\.i  /.c'lrilila,  tiH  ( 

iiMi,  Cj;i 
ili,('-.- 


^-'J 


I'aiiiia,  Hi 


111, mils,  H;^      I'ai 


)7 


>a 


l',iil.iii,  '<oo 
allanian.  ■.•o 


.a,  (; 


I'al, 


moiii.i  •(i.,! 


Niil.i 


^H: 


iVilons,  Di'fls   and    CnKonii 
ol  till-  Natives,  •:().; 


Mlli'!lil>rl  '.J, 


-H, 


r, 


;>49 


0 


o 


■i')<^ 


I'alcuiolkr  Ill.iiul, 
'atiiiiis,    jo-" 


)' 


I'.iliun,  'j-j 

I'.llol.l,    1; 

I'lM  Tii'c,   :'.^o 
.  I'cak,  .Ailanis,  .(OJ 

I'cail  l'illRTii;s,  Ijj,  i.)j,  J.1J. 

Pi'ilii,  jiij 
1  IVi^n.  .I,).! 

I'l'Huans  ill. 

IVkni,  ;:-; 

I'l'luan,  ),j(i 

Pilopom-lii-,  01  M'jrea,  qoj 
I  I'cMilia,  ;i5(> 
,  I'l-iiiliriiki'lliiic,  I) IIJ 

Pi'iiiilvlvaru.i,  ,^()(i 
'  I'liilaiola,   .jo8 

I'eppcr  fja^iuica)  Cultivation  ol,  ^^r 

I'cia,  2  ;o 

I'.Ti  Iks  H^)^ 

IVifriirms   i;,3 
:  r''ii;i,  ,5^1' 

ri'jiiiia,  01  I'ciiiKlkv,  68 1 

I'll  :r|inil-,     I  -,0 

1'.  1  111,  l-l  1 
■ .      .N,ui,m1  Uilloiv  ol,    1-1  (  ^ 

_-_ I'lTluiv,  MamiLTs,  and  Cultoii'.s 

I  ,,!  liic  liili.iliu.iiii.  ot,  1-11  1 

] Antuiiutus  ol,  iju  ; 

i lllll.    IV     ol,    I;,.!  I 

I'nlian  CMilpli,    i-l  j  ' 

'     IVilli-Aiul'OV,   -|.in 
I    I'.-iililliiri'.  i;.'4 

i    i\-in,    -,1"! 

I    N.imr  illIinorv.il,  i!>. 

j .   l'cr|,M>,    Mmm-is.    .in,l    Culloiiis 

I  I, I  ilu-  Inhaliii.iiU'i,  ^.,0 

Hilton  I'l,  J  !« 

I'fti-rllnir.;,  (.';■•- 
IVllipolv,    .'77 
I'liaiiiaci.i.    1"', 
N'rti.;i.il    llillorv    ol,   r       I'lu-aUiii    CliiiirU     :v.'0 
iloii^,    CultoiiK.   ami       l'|i,|,i,|clphia    .Uia     i- ^ 

'       "■  ■        .\i:uiKM.  40'' 

I'liillipina,    .'H  j 
I'liillipuiL-   UK'S,    2^^ 
I'lllllipopoll,  1104 

I'liillipibun;.  -I'l 

IMiocuKia.    iXi 
l'ti..l.-\s,l('- 
l'lii\i;ia,  I  -  I 

I'l.ll  CII.M,  fvo" 

I'l, ai.lv,  H.;S 

I'l.u,  111.-  ol. 

l'i.li;i-oiis    I'.-rliaii    114 

ricdiii.iiii,  Si)l' 

IMloiv  .("tiiiick-)  .■,(! 

I'llki,  Hi  , 

I'liics,  llK-ot,    11 

I'lliauni-^.  01  Fillu-r  lllamis  '.'80 

I'lnaiiii  llliii'l.  X-> 

I'l.iuiaiii    I'k-c^.  1  11 

I'lavm  jChim-lO;  -J.',! 


Oaiii,  ;;  ,  1 

od.iiiii  swiiiiiii  iii.iii.i.  '.':,.• 

<),|rnlii',  o  il 

OllupLiS     (11) 

Odiiiiti-ioiis  KniT.  mH 
(X'l.s,  ;-o. 

()clU'ilv',aii,  hvj'i 
O-lU-inoa  IlhnI,  Ho 
Okir,    i.'H 
OMlnim.  771 
Oldoiiliiiin,  7(1 ) 
C)l(-i-,i,   i«o 

Oliv.s,  Moiiiii  ol,  iS() 
C)liiiiii/,  Hi 
()!\iiipi,i,   1)0'^ 
OlvniiMis,    joi) 
Oonalallika.  47  • 

I'l  I  lolls,  Niinnois,  ami  dii- 

lOMls  ol  ilic  NaiiVL-s,   it). 

Naliual  llilloiy  ol.    171 

Opium,  ii)(i 

Olioiio,  K,S  t 

Opp.'li'ii,  7J(i 

Opiual  l-'iiMiH-s,  K'liiiuli-    J--i(> 

Oiaii,  |C  ; 

Oianm  ,  I'linciji.iliu  oi,  8-,i 

Oi.M.k->,   o,  ()ikm-\  Illcs,  ij,j8 

OiliMM';,  K().'. 

Oilfaiiiiois,   ill. 

OiniU',   14  j 

Ol  |i'.ia,    I  1  ; 

Olana,    1." 

Oliiabiir.j;  lll.m  i,   X,) 

15illio[ii;.     '''O 

OIK-iid    8)8 
Ollritli,    (8, 
Otalia,  7--, 
Olahvitc-   llkma,   n  I.. 


987 

I'lymoulli,  f)cH 
I'odolia,  704 
I'oland,  ()i)4 

-  N'aiiiial  Hilloryol.  ili. 

(jcograpliical     Ddcripiion    ot, 

I'lrlons,  Manners,  and  Cultums 

1)1  the  Inhahitams.  707, 

;\i  CDiiilt  ol,  I'ldiULal  and  Com- 

im-riial,   70(1 

Hilloiy  ot,  ;o8 

7'^i 

I'olniiuc-I  ice,  720 
I'ohK.iis,  -Iv: 
I'onieiaiiia    I'liidian'  715 

Sweiliih)  717 

I'oinerelia,  (i,)7 
1 1  I'ondiLlietiy,  117^ 

I  I'ontiis,  17  ) 

I I  Poor  Kni(;lils,  Illan.ls  ol,  'ju 
I    P.ijie's  DoMiinions,  81)2 

Pol.  el,un   lowci,  227 
Poiil,in,l  Ulanil.  ji  1 
Port,.  Hello,  .343 
I'orlo  Kii  o,  3^41 
Port  I  .iiiuiie,  ^fiS 
Port  L  Oiient,  8_^(j 
Port  Mahon,  <i  )i) 

PdtllllloUtll,  |)C<J 

Poi.iin.il,  88  ; 

Ciilloniv  and    Mmn/i.  ot  the 

Iiih.ihitanu,  ^84 

Millon  ol,  88;, 

I'oniignele  P.illelhoiis  m  India,  275 

Poiiiaiiia,   ()ij(i 

Poloe,    ji  I 

Pot/d.iiii,  7  1 ,3 

Poiiuelano,   J  ■,  1 

Power  otlhe  Chiiiefe  Emperor,   2a8 

Praihip,  8i,j 

Pi,igue,  814 

j  Praia.  314 
Prianian,  217 1 

'    imeol  Ann.iinljoe.  r^'uMi  kjble  Anec- 
dote ot,  :^4'j 
I'  inti:  Edward's  Illand,   p  1 
P.iiicc  ot  W'.ilcs'.s  lllmd,  ib. 
Prince  William's  Sound,  467 
Peili.'ns,    Man- 
ners and  Cul- 
I  t.'insotilieNa. 
lives,  4I18 

!  ' Natural  HiUoiy 

;  '  ol,  4fa() 

I    Piimiii.',,  M.iliodot,  111  Cliina,  --'Jj 
-Origin  ot,  777 


•'.  !■: 


.Manners    ot      ilie    N.i 
lues,  48,  »<:. 

Otaliooi.iia  Illand,  1  | 

O'.ideii  ul.-,   8  j7 

Over-Mlel.  8.:(, 

Oxloidlhii.-,  .)!  • 


P.Xd.iliii,    -•.)  , 
I'adeiboiii,   7  ■,  ' 
I'adiia,  8,),) 

l»,uiods,  01  Paiioda,,     ChiaelL;    -in; 
P.ihaii,    •  H) 
Palatnbo.iii,   .•() 
Rilaiupiiii.    -■''-■> 
I'al.itin.iii-,  8jj 
P.ilermo,  .)  1 1 
Palelhne,  i8,., 
Palliate,  ^77 
Palliler's   Illand,  80 
Palm  lll.iu.l,    jii 
Palina,  4.',t 


Piobat  .'.-,1 

Piuiii,  Aiibeyol,  7(18 

I'liillia,  Kin^.loni  ot,  710 

Hillorvol,  7-7 

Pohlli.  Oi)7 

I'lara,  ;)o(i 

Pulo  Condore,  24  i 
. La.la,  01  Illand  of  Pepper,  29 j 

Sapta,   {14  _ 

'  Piinilliinenis  in  Corea,  1  \ 

—  I'll  Ha.  i.-,o 

China,  2ji 

Alj;iers,  408 

Pvrnniids.    l-'.i;vptiaii)  386 

Pvinuint  7  -,  1 


Q. 

Ql'ebee.  401 
Queda,  -•  ,0 
y„edlmibui>;,    -jS 
Oiieen's  Coimiv,  g.j.l 
Cimeii  Chailulie's   lllands 
2: Illand, 


,40 
'1.1 


PI 


■llOW,  (' 


Ploikio,  7CI 


11 


Queen  ol  Mala,  J04 

Queileii,  731 

Qiieiiiiib.i  lllands,  4  ,0 

(Jiieliiui  Illand,    i  |  ( 

Oiiiil  ot  Betel,   jo..' 

Qiiu-klilvei,   n'lii.iikalde  Mines  ol',  de- 

liiibed,  71)4 
Qi"lli,;a,  t-r 

Ommiiiin.i.  01  Jefiiits  i5irk,  f)45, 
Quito\e.   (  '4 
yuMiLi,    J.1^ 

Ouito 


r     X, 


'„  >< 


S' 


mill,    ■  1^ 

Oiii'i'.  u; 


R 


IL'ti,  il'iuiuii  ' 


t<.ii;iil.i.  1)0) 
U„l..iwi\M.  .  Hi 

HjilUllilM,      !      I 
KipiHllilMI.-.'.      H,,.. 

U.,1    lll,ii..l.  ■•>  II 

l^iiil'.M,  ;.-■- 

K-itiltii'M.  H^i 

U.ii/tMiii;.  ;■  ,0 

R.iMull'iii.;,   :-'-^ 

Hc.iili'.i.;.  xio 

Uc.i  Sim,  ^:- 

Rr,  klmli.ii.l.M.rS  j 

I',    ,11  iKii.    1 1-, 

U,    ,1    !c-ij  Sli  ll;^^,  1  -O 

Ki-,:;;h.ill,    ■'>l.l 

K.l.;i.iii~\V..iiu'n  o\  •.!•., 

Riii!lr\>  lliiir,  .)  ■  , 

Ri  mil  ^ 

R.Mi'!.. 


i^  ,« 


R,-M).VA,  (•- 
RiJilu-.l,    i.j- 
Rtiiinn,    l.>'! 
Ri-.ilii'ii.    ■  ,1 
R.vil.i  -I 
R.v> 


it  ilu'  Gif.ii  Mi'i;i.l. 


H.o 


(   1,.!  :ii.i".i' 


.1,   -6; 


(iH 


Rl,..l. 

Rl:lll> 


"I'-     'il 


Rifl. 


11 '  l,.l. 


DiL 


.S.ii;o,  ■.•,)(i 

Siimi  AmIioMv,    ) 

All^illluir,    ',   ' 

R.iiii.ii.i,  :,\i-> 

I'.lill.ll  IIU  ,     lil. 


riiiiii. 


Ill  I.  <ii  Km 


iiin.   .1    ri.iii 


Omii 


Siiiii.i   Cm 


W 


Kiill.i 

fi.ili, 

1 1. 1. 


II. 


11-' 

I  ■■uiiMlli  ■ 


I 


.11-  l.l  \'ri'  1.   ,.  I 


■1,1" 


,1;  C'lii 

.!,f,,| 

-    !,.hn    I'luii 


i!ic  I'l  mil     '><  ' 


t'.i|''  ill'  \'ci  I  II!  ml'    i  ;l 


— -   K. 


M  iMl.i 


.-.    PI 

-■'1"-    ■ 


\',,.| 


Oil  , 

.-  IMiil 


r.iiii.  I 


I'   1 


,\r|..,'  M 


.\tl 


ini.  .All..  11. 


lit      ( 


i.  N'.i.l)    If 


,li  Aim 


S.iiiii. 


.. II. I'll. 111.  .1. 


.^.lll•!ll.    I.I  I 
N.iii.l.iliii,     1 1  ( 
Sihllmn  .    ijvy 
S.inrr,    V    1 
Sj|u-tu-,    ■ -.j 
S.ill  I1I..11-I 
'  S,I1,1m.p'. 


Si  il  in.'.'iii.',    -  ,1 
Si  ImiHii,   It ,  ^ 
,Sili..ii'ril  111.11,  I- 


uiii.iiuit'ii    II! 


S.I 

.Si  liw  ,111  ,'iii|ii 

S,  II,  Ulhl.',    ;■ 
,Si  iiwi'llll.  I  I  , 

Si  Imiii/,  ^^ 

Si  liui  1  nil'. 


!>;.   ■  i-i 


Si.iu'  ..I  111  ('111 


.Siill-.,  III,.   1.1. 
Si  I...    ,,.-, 
Sii,     .„   , 
S,  . .1,11, 1,  ,1, 
S.  wo,  ,,,, 


-I'll  11,.,  1.),-, 

-.\l.i!'i.l,   .'  K 


Dr.  .1 


111,..  I 


,.|  N. 


— Willi.    |...- 

S.  il  ,  ll.-l.  iil'ii.'ii 


■I,    •,'<! 


.—  -  n: 


i,N  .it  1  11.11, 


s.  |„ 


l),i\i.i,  1  I.' 


S.  1111  .       ;> 

S.  I  11. L      (1  ■ 

Sill   , .■,-111.11 

,,  11  i.i.illi.i. 


,,1  I-. 


.(  Si     1 
--     lull.. 


I:  I.. I. 


liii  I 


Si.    Il 


lIuhiI  ,  ml 


\^' 


S,  111.     -.'h  ; 


h'-i 


I 


liiit'H'l' 


% 


i , 


I 


'I  *4 


R.|ii-il.    I:::. 
R  i.li.  1   1:.    ^^.••,: 

Rii.  lli:ii.-,  X  .'^ 

R.  iiiji-.ij,  1.^4 
R   III.     ><-t\ 
R..f.i..i,    (.iO 
R..ii!i,l.!,  I'.ii 
K,.ii,ini':..jn.    ',  j., 
R.ifv,   .r.-i 

R..itovk.    --,3 

Ri.l!..ii.  'I  i'l 
R......    ^M 

R.,iti,.liMi.  •^.■.1 

R..1..11,    Y-  M 

Ro'ilill..!!.    ^  .  , 
R.ninU  Dilpiiliu.n.';  '■'• 
Ro.\lrir.;li!iili<'.    '1'" 
Ruilollldiii,  ■  ('•* 
Ri.arii,  <i-,- 

r,  ,l!i..,  1  cK 

N„:ui.i!  n.:i'.i\ 


u  A.  .! 


.S.uii.ll  1.1.      I  ,,  . 

S.itr..ii;i:i.i.  -  1 
S.iiiiiii.  1.1,  I-.,) 
S.ili,...     ,.-.1 

S.l'l:. .,,!.!,    I-H 

S.1IV1-.I-.       CllKl.f.  ) 

Sill  ■•„    .1.  Ill  111, Is   !<• 

-       -111...       ..! 
S..   ■._      ,      (1  i 
Sjh   Si'.  .,  |..;r,     ',    " 

S'  li.liliin,     H  •  , 

S,iii:,i  I"  1:1  111  ,11 1.   ;'  ■ 
S.iii;.i  ("ill..     i\-i  11      I  i'^ 

--.-    M,i,ll..i.    ,,i 
•  S.lilHil  :!!•  .1111 

>  ii.i   .  :■ ..    I     , 

s.ii,,.'.,|i  1,    b-  , 

"■  II  ;i;,..l,  .1  ;  I 

S,,,.  >,     1-, 


1.1 11       ,  I  I 


,  1111       .N.i\.l 


l.l;       11^1 


li.i.l  ,S.i..,;i-,    ..., 

_  (■,,,,i.i...pli.    iU).:.-i!i   ,.111..'.'  ,  .   ■  s.iil^,  I-  ',^ 

-.  (.    ,ll,V:..s    Miiili,  r  .    Ci  .    ol     ll.i       .'"isMll.i,    I    '• 

llii.,illMnl^.     <    *\  I   "^.I'l'l'l  ';•"    "■      ■ 

_   ,    ;.,  ,  .     1',       .,  ,1!  .1:1  !  Co-:i:r,(i-    1  miiiiuii.  Ki.;- 

Is.r..,  :.■  I'l.    .1. 


Ruili 


.    1:.  -v.) 

U.il.'iv   11! 

'.'.M'l-.  vro 


■)-' 


Rudl.in   li  :.,i,i:.i!  ■. 

Riiil,in.!lli,i'  .  1)1.) 


Ml'. 11.1,     11: 


SAai-,  Hi  i 
.S.ii.i.i.     ;'.•  t 
Sable.  iAiiHiiii  'it  KmifJuik.i)   n,; 
.Sitritii  I  ,  li'i.'..i.ii.  >^j 

.S.lii!ri..  I  P.lll.iil,     I  i'l 

6aecai,  i^b 


■.h...|  III 


1,   lll,.s..l. 


."'.I'.  .1,      ,  < 

Sivr  (•.,'., 111..  N,i"ii''i,  :,/ 
s,„.-  (;,,.;.,, -v 

I    •.:■  I'!, lull...,  -    '. 

X,  .,-.,    r,.i,ii,';i' 

I.,  %'  I .  - 10 

.   i-.i,  (I  ii.jii.- "I,  ■ .  1 

S.  ...|,.H  '..■  1.    1   I    ■ 

'^   .mill  ii">ii,   I'i'i 
S,  ..lii'i.  .Illl.iii  I ..    ./i 
S,  ■  u.i.    i.|i) 
Sili.illliaiiliii,    He  1 
S.l.ilks     .(iH 
,  S.  Iiutitlll.lll,    .1  KMlLlll  .ililr   11.1l111.1l  Cu- 
iiutilv  (irmiiii  111  Cn'Uii.iin  ,  ;-Ji) 


,Sl.,,    ,li       l.'io 

si... ..,:  ,1..  »i." 

si  :,.,  '''111.'.   l!i- 

Siiiii.iin,    i>;.i 

,S..iiii,        ,.j 

f  ■     ..:,  ■-■•/' 

I'.ill    1^   .il,   ill- 

Silnii,!.   kK 
Siu  k,    .,)■, 
.S,,  i,.iiii,    l.|.J 

.Si  iK ,  i),io 

Si.|,,i,,    iH- 

Su  nii.i.   .i>.  I 

Simi.i    L.r.iu.i,      i"') 

Sii;rii.  ;!'  1 

Sil.  Il  1,    r  '1 

Siik  M.iiiiil.itiiii<',   ^.',i 

Will  111,  il).  ;  -'  1 

Slll.li.U,     '.l.J 
Silv.i,,    1  ■  , 
Sih.i  I  illi.      :o 
SniH.'ii.    i.|  i 
Siii.ii,      - 

.Sllli..ij!.iJil  ,       till 

SiU'l'.  ,    :i"i 

Sim;,il.ii  M  ''""l  .'^ii'  -I" 
S-.(   11,  ,    1^.  .     M 

.Sii,.'!,.  ,    1-1 
Siiiliiiil.i.     1  |.' 

!  Sll.lill.l,    I'.lM 

Sirtii-..    )■  ■ 

Skic.    111". it.  ..  (• 
Sl.ivr  ('...ill.    M* 

sl,iM'i\.  t>iii.  i^.iii."!.  •■ '    in 

.SUani-llkml.    if't 

Sl<-,|l.i,'N,       II" 

Slehvi.  ,  <.     5 
Shi',...  .!  ,  j 

Slyili    ail  .Viiiii..vl  1-1  ti»mi.i)    (  hH 
Sin. ill 


w.. 


iilk.t, 


^  ■|^J^ 


''■'''■•  1-1 


111-  ..t  ri  ("liiri.i.     •    II 
IViliA   ,,-, 
-AmI'i.i,  mc< 


I'" 

M    iloi  .'s  ■!!  1  il.lri  '.     ,S 

1  •'  !;     I  .    :  ,   "!  l).i\  I'i,    I  1. 


I..,- 

>  111  ■      ',    III 

.•t  Si     1  1;  r  il.iT,     l.,l 

.-     1  ,iilMi,!.i.    i    .1 

—  Ml, 111  ^'-''li.  I'ni  1 

-    .Si.loJ...    I,,-- 

—    /nlijii  ll  ,   I'll 

1 

'.. 

.--i 

"-..    T"i 

......11.        |-, 

^"^■'  '■ '■'.    i'J  ' 

lllrsoL     .<.H 

1>..| 

.,■.  ••■/. 
n    .ll,   ill- 

I 

ll.KIUU',     ~~,') 

111,  ll).  ;  •'  1 
"i 

1.      :o 


■     ll'i 
1 

1   ■!;,.. I  .■(  1  r  -ll',  W.'U  I      wIM 

1 

■  I  I  ■ 


it.   ■.  ;  ■ 

II.    M- 

Hil,  1  \  .11  iilll  .  i.:!,     I  J  » 

11.1.    ;!., 

) 

.Viiiii..il  >.!  C-ituiJ    tfH 

Stni))etilk(», 


1     N     I)     r. 


SmcloiilVi,  C;,  j 

Sun  I  n.i,  i-  I  I 

.Siiiiw,  I  'H  I 

S..1  ii-iv  I'l.^,  (iH 

I'ril.iiH.  M.iniior^.  .Ill !  Culliitr. 

Ill  ilii.'  IiiImIiii.iiiI>,  'll 
S.u-ll,  7  •.• 
Si.l.ih.   )    •, 
Siiliiiliui  lis,  KHi) 
.S!,,|,|.i,,   ^v] 
,S..n»  iliilliiir,  ()<"S 
S.iiii;^.  I..,|il,iiii!i  I  .,  iiufi 

."^'IM  pi.!^.     ,  1.) 

^.lllll.  |M 

.Si'i.i,  ll  (I 

.*^i.|.  I'lr:  *,   A'.ll'l  111.  ■!  lO 
.Si>v>    I.  ii.  .  I.,    .■■■H 
S.itt.l.  i:'.|»I.in.   .,'  .) 

.^ji  I.  Ml  Sji.iw    li,  irr;.i!i\     7  ,1) 
.S|  .1111,  «S- 

M.iiiii'i',  Ciilloins.  .■<;..    of  liii 

I-,!,  '..i.iiii^.  Shj 

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. X.iiiii.il  I!  HiiiA'  III.  '117 

C;ii>!;i.ipliiL,u    Uil,  ii|i;i.iii    11!. 

ll  ,0 
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