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NTS AND PAPERS: | 


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FORTY-FIVE VOLUMES. 


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il February — 14 August 1877. 


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PAPERS: 


ACCOUNTS 


- 1877. 


FORTY-FIVE VOLUMES:—CONTENTS OF THE 


t THIRD VOLUME. 


a 


N.B.—THE Figures at the beginning of the line, correspond with the N° at th - 
| foot of each Paper; and the Figures at the end of the line, refer to the MS. Pogue 
| of the Volumes arranged for The House of Commons. | 


ARMY (MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS): 


yf 31. Return of the Annual Accounts of the several Manufacturin 
Establishments under the War Office, for the Year 187 5-76 
- (in continuation of Paper, No. 67, of Session 1876) = pas 


ARMY (MEDICAL DEPARTMENT): 


on Full Pay, 1868 to 1877, showing the Annual Increase or 
Decrease, &c. 4 - 2 = z e Ss i 553. 


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REEMA 


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ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


REPORT 


For THE YEAR 1876. 


Votume XVIII : 


Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, 
BY HARRISON AND SONS, 
Printers im Ordinary to Her Majesty. 


1877. 


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iii 


TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE 


THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR WAR. 


2 


Sir, 


In accordance with instructions laid down for the 
conduct of business by the Director-General and Heads 
of Branches of the Army Medical Department, I have 
the honour to submit the accompanying Report on the 
- Health of the Army in 1876, and on various matters 
connected with the duties of the Officers of the Depart- 
ment, 


The Statistical, Sanitary, and Medical Reports have 
been drawn up by the Officers in charge of the respective 
Branches. 


T have the honour to be, 
Sir, 
Your most obedient 
-_-- Humble Servant, 
W. M. MUIR, 


Director-General. 


Army Mepicat DeparrmMent, 


November, 1877. 
a2 


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CONTENTS. 


‘Letter from the Director-General to the Secretary of State for War .. 


REPORT. 
I. Summary of the Health of White ‘Troops at all Stations .. 


II. On the Health of the Troops serving in the Unrrzp Kinapom— 
1, Sickness and Mortality .. “p ere ne 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases Fak ae 
35 in the different Military Districts .. 
’ Remarks on the Prevalence of the principal Diseases at these 


Prevalence of Primary Venereal Sores at each of the large Stations. 
Admissions, Deaths, and parehing. &e., from the different Arms of 


the Service .. 


Deaths among the Soldiers and among “the Pensioners placed upon 


the Pension List in 1876 ce 


Admissions, Deaths, and Invaliding By Classds of Diseases in the 


different Arms.. we ie : te e 
Remarks upon ditto re 
Deaths and Invaliding by Phthisis, &e., in the different Arms 
Admissions, Deaths, and Invaliding, &e., in each Corps 


Ay 4p 4 of Comps which returned from 
India-. ‘i aa cs 
Relation of Admissions into Hospital to Age ie te tie 
Vaccination  .. 2b 5 : ae 
_ Aldershot Camp: Sanitary ‘State of Sn 
_ Hastern District, * ditto . ar as 
South-Hastern District, ditto ia hs pe de 
_ Chatham District, ditto o a He 5B 
_ Woolwich ditto Ay = ays “e 
Southern District, ditto Se aa oh me 
Netley, ditto 3 ao ve eo 
Northern District, ‘ ditto oa i + ~ 
North British District ditto Me ae ne ee 
Dublin District, ditto #5 ve 5s 5 
Belfast District, ditto os me Se 5 
Treland 9 ork District, Githo! |e oAAlb 20 astecyi 
Curragh, ditto na an “9 
2. On the Amount of Invaliding .. he rb we wi 


8. On the Number constantly Sick in Hospital . a Rs 
4, On the Influence of Age on the Mortality... *e ore 

.6. On the Recruiting of the Army ap ‘ 

; . Number of Recruits Inspected and Rejected ‘ 
Native Countries of the Recruits inspected 4 AN 
Number inspected for each Arm of the Service . 

Causes of Rejection of Recruits found unfit fe 

Ages of the Recruits Xs sia Ag ab 

Height of the Recruits. .. 

Weight of the Recruits inspected by Army Medical Officers 

Extent of Education of Recruits inspected +e »» 
Previous Occupations of Recruits, . te we bie 


we be) Wer ee Ye 


Giga) eelide, Fen i 


a9 


PAGH 


. 


vi , CONTENTS. 


III. On the Health of the Troops serving in the MepITERRANEAN— 


1. Sickness and Mortality . ne ate “eo 
1. Gibraltar : Sickness and Mortality fib) Jes te oe 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases- .. 


Remarks on ditto ae ee 
Sickness of Officers, Women, and Children” 
Sanitarv state of the Command os as 


11. Malta: Sickness and Mortality at 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases 
Remarks on ditto ais 
Sickness of Officers, Women, and Children i in Malta 


pe 
ee 
ee 
ee 
oe 
ee 
ee 
ee 
ee 


Royal Malta Fencible Artillery, Admissions and Deaths 


by Classes of Diseases  ¢. os es +e 
Sanitary state of the Command . + 


Report on Outbreak of Enteric Fever ‘by Surgeon: Major 


dcock 


2. On the Extent of Invaliding ai erpene ‘Droops serving in the Medi- 


terranean ee oe on oe 
8. Mean Daily Sick of ditto : o% ab Tey hte 


4, On the Influence of Age on the Mortality oe es 


IV. On the Health of Troops serving in the Dominion or CANADA— 


1. Sickness and Mortality in Canada .. ni ee 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases “ oe 
Remarks on ditto as as ary 
Sickness of Officers, Women anal Chilarén 
Sanitary state of the Command . oo . 
Report on Boilers by Surgeon-Major Oliver .. ar 

2, On the Extent of Inyaliding .. ar) ee ye ais 

8. Mean Daily Sick ee a as a) 


4, Infiuence of Age on the Mortality or ae we oe 


V. On the Health of the Troops serving in BrRMUDA— 


1. Sickness and Mortality in Bermuda .. Ap os 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases rie 
Remarks on ditto we we 
Sickness of Officers, Women, pid Children as fe 
Sanitary state of the Command 


ee 


ee 


oe 


eo 


ee 


2. On the Extent of Invaliding among the Troops serving in Bermuda 
3. Mean Daily Sick.. es ae ee on 
4, Influence of Age on the Mortality an on es os BH 


VI. On the Health of the Troops serving in the West InDIES— 


1. Sickness and Mortality of White Troops .. 4% + 
Admissions and Deathis by Classes of Diseases ae « 


Remarks on ditto : ad Re oe 
Sickness and Mortality of Black Troops ve oe an 
Remarks on ditto A 


2. On the Extent of Invaliding among Troops serving in the West 


Indies and Western Africa ,. on ee 
3. Mean Daily Sick among Troops in West Indies .. os 
4. Influence of Age on the Mortality .. we oe ee 


VII. On the Health of the Troops serving in WzsTERN AFRICA— 


1. Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases és os 
Remarks on ditto és oe oe *. 
Sickness and Mortality of Officers. «8 oy we 
Sanitary State ofthe Command  —_.« os we try Toe 


ee 


CONTENTS. 


vil. On the Health of the Troops serving at the Oapn or Goop Horn anp 


Sr. HarEna— 
1. Sickness and Mortality .. 
. Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases 
Remarks on ditto ite 
: Sickness of Officers, Women, ad Children ; 
Sanitary state of the Command.. oe ve 
2. On the Extent of Invaliding .. ee . 
3. Mean Daily Sick.. a ae 
4. ee of nee on the Mortality es : 


Tx. On the Health of the Troops serving in the Mavririos— 


1. Sickness and Mortality ,. 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases | 
Remarks, on ditto . 
Sickness of Officers, Women, and, Children nis 
Sanitary state of the Command Ba 

2. On the Extent of Invaliding .. AG 

3. Mean Daily Sick... c 

4, Influence of Age on the “Mortality 


X. On the Health of the Troops serving in Onyton— 


1, Sickness and Mortality of the White Troops... 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases 
Remarks on ditto .. 

Sickness of Officers, Women, and Chidren 
Sickness of Asiatic Troops .. an an oe an 
Sanitary state of the Command ... ue 

2, On the Extent of Invaliding .. 

8. Mean Daily Sick.. 

4, Influence of Age on the Mortality 


ee ee ae oe 
oe oe ee ee 
. 


. ee oe ee 


ee 
oe 
ee 
e 


XI, On the Health of the Troops serving in Cuina and the Straits 


SETTLEMENTS— 

1. Sickness and Monatiy of European Troops .. an es 
Admissions and Deaths by Olasses of Diseases ee 
Remarks on ditto oe oe 
Sickness of Officers, Women, and Children ao ate 
Sickness of Asiatic Troops ve ve 
Sanitary state of the Command,. 

2, On the Extent of Invaliding 

8. Mean Daily Sick af 

4, Influence of Age on the Mortality 


oe 


ee ee oe 


e 


’ XII. On the Health of the Troops serving in the Fist Istanps 


XIII. On the Health of the European Troops serving in Inp1a— 
1, Sickness and Mortality ..- 

I. Bengal «e 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases. 


Remarks on ditto 
Admissions and Deaths at each Station Ag, 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases in “each 
the Military Divisions. . D0 an 
Remarks on ditto 
Prevalence of Cholera .. 


oe 


oe 


ee 


eo 


ee 


Sickness and nang tone Gow i in each Corps serving in the 


Presidency . 
Service in India i in relation to Sickness 
Sickness of Officers, Women, and Children 
Sanitary state of the Command in 1875 


ee 


we 


oe 


ee 


vu CONTENTS. 


11, Madras ee oe ee ee ee oe oe oe 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases - +6 oe 
Remarks on ditto a at ae a a 
Admissions and Deaths at each of the principal Stations 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases in each of 

the Divisions .. AP ve ve ie 
Remarks on ditto aie a te a ws 
Sickness and Mortality, &c., in each Corps serving in Madras 
Sickness and Mortality by Periods of Service.. le oe 
Sickness of Officers, Women, and Children .. a sig 
Sanitary state of the Command Ke ate 56 +e 


ae se 


111. Bombay .. ne Bc ws oe ee 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases 
Remarks on ditto Ac Nps cota “ ee 
‘Admissions and Deaths at each of the principal Stations .. 
Admissions and Deaths by Classes of Diseases in each of the 

Military Divisions .. “s we te ac an 
Remarks on ditto 38 is he A is ee 
Prevalence of Paroxysmal Fevers at the principal stations .. 
Sickness and Mortality, &c., in each Corps serving in Bombay 
Health of Corps in relation to period of Service in India .. 


Sickness of Officers, Women, and Children .. 43 ia 
Sanitary state of theCommand.. __.- os a *s 
2. On the Extent of Invaliding from India ay Be os a 
3. Mean Daily Sick in each of the Presidencies .. 6 ve ee 


4, Influence of Age on the Mortality .. + an . a 


XIV. On the Health of Troops on Boarp SHIP ie vate 


1, Troops proceeding on Foreign Service e a ee os 

2. 4, yveturning from ditto .. an “ ve es da 

3. ,, passing from one Station to another .. 7 as aie 

4, Inyalids returning to England a an “ an 

® 
APPENDIX. 

No. I. Report on Hygiene. By Dr. de Chaumont. With Analyses of 
Water ee re ar oe os Aiy erento ges 

Il. List of Operations and Cases at Netley. By Surgeon-Major 
Porter as +e ve ve an an oe as 


IIL. Chloroform and Ether at Netley. By Surgeon-Major Porter .. 
IV. ¥eco-Malarial Fever. By Surgeon-Major Donaldson .. «+ 

V. Case of Intestinal Obstruction. By Surgeon-Major Hensman .. 
VI. Etiology of Heart Disease. By Major F. A. Davy o we 


VII. Remarks on Temperature of Body in the Tropics. By Surgeon- 
Major Johnston .. +e ae ee ss 


er oe 


VIII. Medical History of Laroot Field Force. By Surgeon-Major 


G. 8. Davie .. 


IX. Report on March from Bhamo to Manwyne. By Surgeon 
W. J. Charlton 3.5 ase ‘ wi nv ifs 3 


X. Meteorological Observations at Foreign Stations .. ie an 
XI. Alexander Memorial Fund .. Be ee a : aia 


ee ee 


. 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
REPORT FOR 1876. 


STATISTICAL REPORT. 


THE average annual strength of the troops serving at home and abroad in White 
1876, as computed from the returns received by the Army Medical Depart-. Z7eops a 
ment, was 169,197 non-commissioned officers and men (exclusive of the Royal Pia 
Malta Fencible Artillery, the 1st and 2nd West India Regiments, and the Gun 
Lascars at Ceylon, and at Hong Kong, Corps which are not recruited at home) ; 
the admissions into hospital in this force were 166,319, and the deaths, 1,921. 

‘The rates represented by these numbers are for admissions into hospital, 983°, 
and for deaths, 11-03 per 1,000 of the average annual strength, the latter being 
caleulated on a strength of 174,220, which includes detached men. 

The statistics of some of the most important of the results of sickness, in 
every Command in which the troops were stationed, are exhibited in the 
following Table :— 


1876. 

3 : | g4g4ada 

3 g ete eee e 
q g oI 3 Bad, 

% $ oo- 

i =a <¢ 2 Se) fe. | be Paes 
White Troops. %p 4Shas) as os | Sb eof 
me | £2 wa | ga | geese 

@ 8 2 ¢ pa Plage | 83a08 

ga ce | 84] $4 | 28R58 
Pee ee aS 

, m2 s) 


Troops at Home ! 
Sed ckinvond Sef 169,197| 166,319| 1,921 | 2,649 | 3,769| 7436°12 


United Kingdom ..| 87,758 | 71,405 | 78 ee 2,370 | 3474-76 
Gibraltar, . we «| 4,695 | 3,129 36 39 26 175 °60 
Malta .. ts o.| 4,539 3,644 AT 95 58 198 -94 


“..| 1,760} 1,084 8 36 19 51°74 


Dominion of Canada 
Bermuda... .. -- 1,934 | 1,166 15 57 22 66°42 


West Indice ..  ..|° Lose| saa" 4 5 4 45-00 


Cape of Good Hope 
and St. Helena, . } 2,789 | 2,095 21 28 25 110 :00 


Mantes ag Es eee a 9 8 16-62 
Ceylon .... .. ~..|. 1,076 795 8 28 13 54°98 
China and Straits 2,589| 2614) 42) 61] 22 107 ‘01 


-Settlements .. 3 


Fil Aliya: Sige 57 114° 5 5:05 


3 A 
ndia .. «.  «.| 58,641| 77,998] 944| 2,286] 1,202} 3180-00 
On board Ship .. ~ ..| 1,883 740 a eee Ss re 


Troops at 
Home and 
Abroad, 


a 
1876.—Annual Ratio per 1,000 of Mean Strength. 3 
ees Ei 
ae |e. [es 
: 2/3 |22 |4./ 34 
Ae o en Gel b © a + 3 Ss D 
White Troops. 3 M4 = Be $58 ba Riko 
38 | Rel E £ 2 S| ss = S 
Ai | 8 | #4 | g4 |gSal ss] ss 
q A R A |O + <4 
Days. | Days. 
Troops at Home and} 993-0 [11°03 |32'53*/21°63 | 43°95 | 16°04) 16°32 
United Kinglom .. +. | 818-7 | 8°48|° .. |25°34|89-60|14-45| 17-46 - 
Gibraltar sa sis .. | 666-4 | 7°67 | 8°31| 5°54|37°40/13°65| 20°48 
Malta .. ¢ . .. | 802 °8 |10 °35 | 20°93 | 12 ‘80 | 43°83 | 16°00] 19°93 
Dominion of Canada .. 615°9 | 4°55 | 20°45 | 10°63 | 29°40 | 10°73} 17°00 
Bermuda a se :. | 602°8 | 7°76 | 29-47 | 11°37 | 34°34 |12°54| 20°79 
West Indies .. 757°8 3 68 | 4°60] 3°68 41 °44|15°12| 19 -96 
cape OF pad Fee and St. | { 7649 | 7-67 |10-22| 9°13| 40-16 |14-66| 19-16 
Mauritius .. ‘3 . |1618°2 | 6°81 | 20°45 | 18°18 |}37°77|18°79| 8-52 
Ceylon .. 738°8 | 7:43 |26°02|12-08|51°10/18-65| 25°24 
China and Straits Settlements 1009°7 16°22 |23°56| 8°50] 41 °33/15°09) 14°95 
Fiji : ie .. |[2000°0. 52°63 |87°72| .. 88 60 | 32°34) 16°16 
India .. De . |1330°1 {16°10 | 38 98 3 53°38 | 19°48 | 14°65 
On board Ship Re 393:°0 | 4°25 | .. - ve BF a 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


* Calculated on Strength excluding United Kingdom. 


10 YEars—1866 To 1875. 


ad 

aa eS 2 |2@ [ae 
ae 7 oer | oa S bo a 
White Troops. 2h 8 gs do | Qo (oes 
1te oops & 5 S = A 2 é i 3 E - 3 3 :| 
eS | Ae a. a4 ed (eee 

4 < A lw ras pee te 
Troops at seit 1,679,181 | 1,723,187 |23,892 |31,940 |36,202 |75,451 
and Abroad.. 3 

United Kingdom 819,868 | 675,372 | 7,817 | .. | 22,699 132,842 
Gibraltar. . i Ny 45,021 29,443 287 | 1,229 792 | 1,497 
Malta 48,700 | 39,867} 609 | 1,248| 842 | 2,004 
Dothinion of Canada .. 64,063 41,229 594 | 1,089 862 | 1 997 
Bermuda.. a 4 17,312 12,223 255 389 246 614 
West Indies es 13,968 | 13,947} 230] 393] 181| 614 
ee ee aie 33,146 | 34151 | 356| 857 | 618 | 1,645 
Mauritius oe ee 7,865 | 12,379) 168 | 342| 109| 445 
Ceylon Eee 9,416 | 10,309! 166| 380| 168| 478 
ae we age 2 13,222 | 19,457] 225] 747 | 981] 748 
India .. 4. «+ | -B74,215 | 816,401 | 12,893 |25,266 | 9,804 |32,572 

On board Ship .. an 32,385 18,359 292 es 6 a 


REPORT FOR 1876. 3 


————— Taoouaiet 
'1866-75.— Annual Rate per 1,000 of Mean Strength. a 2 Home and 
; bs ‘34 Abroad. 

; g 2.8 
jo} m a 8 8 = 32 
4 3 3 as rg a g 3° 
afer Sal ie lee al ae 2 
White Troops. 3 g aS Sos oe ES 
£6] . |me| Be |ge4l fa | Ps 
Sa | & | eS] S48 28a] ss | se 
<j A la eyural SS) x <q 
Days: | Days 


Troops at Home and : ; ; ; : : Pe 
Brand oS “ad } 1026'2| 13'91|37°17*| 21'10| 44°93] 16°40) 16°01 


United Kingdom .. 
Gibraltar ag oe 


+. | 828°8] 9°11) .. | 26°45) 40°06] 14-62] 17°75 
.. | 654°0| 6°37| 27-30] 17°59 | 33-25 |12-14| 18-56 
ioe; ye ee a - e .. | 818 °6| 12°51] 25-63 | 17 +29 | 41-15 | 15 -02| 18-35 
Dominion of Canada.. ..| 642°1| 9°27) 17-00) 13-46) 31°17) 11°38) 17°68 
Bermuda ..  «« «| 706°0|14°73| 22-47 | 14-21| 35°47 |12-94| 18°33 
West Indies .. =... | 998 6 | 16,47 | 28 -14| 12-96 | 43 ‘96 | 16 -04| 16-07 
Cape of Good Hope and St. | | 1030-8} 10-74 | 25-85 | 18-64 49 63] 18-12) 17-59 
Mauritius ..  ..  .»|1573-9| 21°36 43-48"| 13 86 | 56°58 | 20°65| 13-12 
Geylon.. «+  «. «+ | 10948] 17°63 | 40-36] 17°84) 50°76 | 18 53] 16-92 
China and Straits Settlements | 1471-6 | 17 -02 | 56°50 | 28°82| 56:19 | 20-51) 13-94 
India .. 61 0 ee Sve | 4B *7 | 22-45 | 44-00] 16-20 | 56°72 | 20°71] 14°62 
On board Ship wr ph hea) A5B6-"D DOB)» 3. ee a fs - 


* Calculated on Strength excluding United Kingdom. 


v4 


II,_ON THE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING IN THE UNITED 
ut KINGDOM. 


Section I. 
: Sickness and Mortality. 


STATISTICAL REPORT. 


According to the returns received in the Army Medical Department, the yyjtog 
- ayerage annual strength of the non-commissioned officers and men in the Kingdom. 
United Kingdom was 87,758; the admissions into hospital in this number 
were 71,405, being in the rate of 813°7 per 1,000 of the strength ; the average 
number of men in hospital daily throughout the year was 3,475, being in 
the rate of 39°60 per 1,000; there were 699 deaths amongst the men present 
with their corps, and 83 deaths amongst men detached (the average number 
of whom is given in the Adjutant-General’s Return as 5,023) ; the death- 
rate of the non-commissioned officers and menin 1876, is therefore 8:43 
per 1,000 of the strength. 
.Compared with the corresponding rates of the preceding year, there is a 
decreasé of 17°6 per 1,000 men for admissions, of “93 per 1,000 for deaths, and 
of 87 per 1,000 for daily sick. F 
The classes and orders of diseases to which the admissions and deaths were 
due, are shown in the following Table ;-— 
yi B 2 


4 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Ratio per 1,000 of Mean 


_ United 
Kingdom. Average Strength in Died gS 
trength. 
Weekly Returns, ae 
87,758. = 1869-75. 
Admitted] _.|g & 
Average Strength ee © a Re & 3 
2 j a » 
4 jincluding men detached, etapa e Blea} 3 os 
3 Oy] S60) © 3 q 
3 92,781. # e122) $ 6 2 
6 Sas) 4a | A 
I. General Diseases. ~ 
1 | Febrile Group .. 52°7 “61 
2 | Constitutional ,,  .. 150°7 | 2°84 
II. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 
1 | Nervous System a 13°9 | °68]11°7 | 57 
2\Hye .. ne «e 16°83} .. 15°9'| }.- 
8 |Har ., ac os ALON as BG 01 
4 | Nose .-. At is hes lai "4 
5 | Circulatory System .. 15-0 | 1°30 | 13 °8 | 1°49 
G | Absorbent ; es \ i Bis . 
7 | Ductless Glade. ee tas Fe oth OF 
8 | Respiratory System 90:1 | 1°11 | 85°2 | 1°40 
9 | Digestive “ 113-7'| +54 |103-7 | -59 
10 | Urinary 3 ae 79.°4 *22 1100 °8 28 
11 | Generative * ae 12°0 12 °4 } ‘O4 
12 | Organs of Locomotion 5°6 ll} 4°9 
13 | Cellular Tissue 23°0 “02 | 22°1 i 02 
14 | Cutaneous System 108°2 |. o« 98-1 
III. Oonditions, fe. 
Debility ae ws Rte : ; G4 | © OV 
IV. Poisons 2°6 10 
NV. Injuries. 
1 | Battle .. ‘a Rc Be) : a 
2 | Accidental .. bid : +47 11026 |< “S51 
3 | Homicidal .. Ar : 03 
4 | Self-inflicted ., : 2 “26 
6 | Judicial bis ae ‘O01 
VI. Surgical Operations 3 1 
No appreciable disease , 1°4 | > 02 
Not known .. ae | : ae f 
Total.. .. | 71,405 }699 | 83 


Gunerat Disnases.—There is a small decrease (9°4 per 1,000 men) in the 
rate of prevalence of diseases of this class on that of the preceding year, the 
greater part of which is in the constitutional group, the rate of the febrile 
group, is only-a little lower. The rate of mortality for the class is fractionally 
higher than in 1875, the whole of the increase occurs in the constitutional 
group. 

The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases of this class, are 
shown in the following Table :— ok 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


Strength, 87,758. 


. General Diseases. 


Febrile— 
Eruptive Fevers .. .. 
Continued’ .,, 66. +6 
Paroxysmal ,, .. 
Tniyenzay veo! asic ae 
Weygipelass -.. 0 asi, os 
Other diseases .. .. 


Total of Febrile Group.. 


Constitutional— 
Rheumatism ney oa 
Syphilis sepia sans '« 
Scorfula, Phthisis, &c. 
Seurvy and Purpura .. 
PBC gs, Wks: £ ewe 
Other diseases .. .. 


Total of Constitutional Group. . 


e 
° 
ee 
ee 
. 
° 


BS FE 
z |ae 
= |Ee 
371 | 5 
1,808 | 21 
742) ., 
bbl | .. 
173 | 8 
142| 7 
3,787 | 41 
4,126| 2 
6414 | 5 
1,130 | 247 
29] 3 
197 | 3: 
109 | 12 
11,955 | 270 


Absent 
from the 


7 pe 


Sane 


Regiment. 


Ratio per 1,000 United 
of Mean Kingdom. 
Strength. 
= 
: = 
3 8 3 
6 ro 2 
ae ee a 
6; 42] -06 
25| 20°6 217 
are 84 An 
63 aac 
8 2°0 “09 
8 16 09 
47 | 43-1 51 
2 47-0 ‘02 > 
5 | 734 -06 
266 |. 12:9 | 2:87 
a 
1 | r3 ‘O1 
TSn-~ 8 14 
290 | 136°2 3°13 


Locat Disrasrs.—Compared with the preceding year, there is a reduction 
in the rate of admissions of diseases of the nervous, circulatory, respiratory, 
digestive and generative systems, in no instance a material one, the greatest 
being in that of the respiratory system, for which it amounts to 12°6 per 1,000 
men only ; diseases of the absorbent, wrinary, locomotive, and cutaneous systems, 
give slightly higher rates, the greatest being 86 per 1,000 men for diseases 
of the urinary system. With lower rates of prevalence there are lower rates 
of mortality in diseases of the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems, 
the decrease in that of the respiratory system, amounting to the relatively 


large proportion of “66. per 1,000 men. 


For diseases of the organs of locomo- 


tion, the rate of mortality is ‘07 per 1,000-men higher than in 1876. 
Conpirions, dvc.—Debility—The rate of admissions is a little lower (1°6 
per 1,000 men) than in the preceding year. 
Poisons.—The rate of‘admissions is only fractionally different from that of 
1875, but the death rate is ‘14 per 1,000 men lower, being less than one-fifth 
of that for the preceding year. 
~ Insurrus—Aceidental.—The rate of admissions is nearly the same as that 
for the preceding year, the death rate is ‘12 per 1,000 lower ; homicidal deaths 
are in a four-fold, and self-inflicted deaths are in nearly a two-fold higher rate, 


than in 1876. 
. The admissions and 


the following Table :— 


deaths in the various Military Districts are shown in 


Tnited 
Kingdom. 


Ratio per 1,000 of 


_ es 
q 2 E nD Mean Strength. 
b> 
om Rai <3 e ‘a ae ag = 
Military Districts. o om © & 3 ee 
62 |.km | ee | 2) Supe 
Ee a S Ei cs g 52 
= < A < | A |o 


—— 


Northern .. vel) eos 
. Mastern ot 4,214 
Western .. A 4,926 
Southern .. Api tease 
. Chatham .. ..| 4,588 
. South-Eastern .. 7,589 
. Home Ae are 5,586 
. Woolwich .. ..| 6,878 
. Aldershot .. tel 25 
. North British Jnl nisese 
. Channelislands -.| 1,602 
. Belfast ae a 2,494 
. Dublin an .»| 6,218 
. Curragh .. .e | 4,112 


315 ‘08 
209-88 
193 °87 
854-44 
140-26 
265 °07 
270°65 
266 -66 
566°71 
185 °27 

49°31 

84°81 
268 °19 
125 *92 


912 °3| 11°66 | 43°23 
1133 °4| 6°88 | 49 82 
801°1| 8°93 | 39°36 
752°8| 9°45 | 40°37 
677°6| 6°76 | 30 ‘54 
698-4) 4°88 | 34°93 
-926°1) 9°49 | 48 48 
870-0) 8‘62) 41°81 
884-4) 6°39) 47°01 
807°0) 9°89 | 40-55 
789°0| 6°24)| 30°78 
718°9| 9'62|34 01 
880°3| 8°53 | 43°17 
610°7| 6°32 | 30-62 


BPR eE eee 
ARWONHOOBIABABWONE 


. Cork ae ..| 7,588 228°74 | 701-1] '7°70| 30°37 
Mobilised Army 1.068 584-01 94} c 
Corps. .. ‘ a 
Detached from 5.023 sie di; Zi 


their Corps 


92,781 


71,405 | 782 | 3474°76 | 813°7| 8°43) 39 60 


‘As in the preceding year the highest rate of admissions is that for the 
Eastern Distrist, it exceeds the rate of the Home District, the next highest, by 
207 per 1,000 men, and that of the Curragh, which has the lowest rate, by. 
522-7 per 1,000 men. The admission-rate of the Chatham District, which in 
1875 was below that of any other, is the lowest but one in the present year. 
Compared with the preceding year the Eastern, Western, Chatham, Aldershot, 
North British, and Channel Islands Districts, have higher rates of admission, 
the remaining Districts have lower ones. ? iy 

The results of sickness in the four permanent Camps (which are included in 
the above) are separately grouped in the following Table :— 


2 Es 4 Ratio per 1,000 of 
= 8 oo Mean Strength. 
== | 38 ae | g = 
=] 2, S=] . 
ca | SH | & es E S | ga 
= 8 = iam) <q <q A i) 
Camps .. ae} 20,573 | 17,889 | 124 | 88554 |842°8| 6°02 | 43°04 


The admission-rate for Camps is 61°5 per 1,000 men lower than the cor- 
responding rate for the preceding year. 


The admissions and deaths in each class and order of diseases are shown in 
the following Tables :— : 


fis i > | Wedwe - z 
: REPORT FOR 1876. 7 
ie x i South N Be Onit 
ys sss os + «sf Northern. | Eastern. | Western. | Southern. | Chatham.} 52014. | Home. | Woolwich.| Aldershot. British Belfast. | Dublin. | Curragh. | Cork. rn Cove, Kin, 
Average Strength 2... 7,288 4,214 4,926 8,779 4,588 | 7,589 5,586 6,378 12,055 3,336 - 2,494 6,213 4,112 7,533 1,¢65 
a | \8 a i: 3 re | zi rd q = z a Z ie 3 re aisal as E E € = d 
= 
& Q 2 | 2 2 & = 2 2 2 & 2 
6| S 4 3 : als /aflis [6] 53 /4] 3 |a] 3 |e] 3 14 2 /A] 3/4] 4 = /aAls|4 
PEAY } Geert ac. wf 290 253 | 1} 211) 1} 331] ...] 435| 1] 420] 5] 199] 3 1] 31 
2 = ease hee OB) 5. [1,052 537 | 9} 925 | 13 |1,275 | 27 | 833 | 23 41,781 | 31] 488 29 | 98 
We) 1 Nervous System ‘eee af 83 51} 3) 101| 3 81] 5 70} 2) 216) 6 §2| 6 27 12 . 
2 Eye ce aoe See ees (Re 68 125 55 92 182 42 29 415.4, 
3 Ear... eee Tact Wiles SE rahe 20 8 ; 28 20 83 48 |... 7 3 on 
Pails Noens 2° MAL Pep 5| a 6 8 6 is = a 
- Ge 
_5 | 2 | Circulatory System  ... «J 107 61| 6} 102] 5] 51] 6] 86] 7} 227) 13} 45] 10 ATH 22 T12 os 
o Z i 
6 | 8 | Absorbent ii ee Beal ol gauh 45|.,/ 81 103 79 | s| 254 |...) 26 | We Neen 
a \ 
7 || Ductiess Glands. sf 1 : iy ; : a 
rat 
8 | S| Respiratory System ...  ...) 679 243| 5) 541| 6] 510] 10] 556] 74 1,457| 8} 314] 3 6} 22 
= | 
9 z Digestive a woo oe 9B 4ga| 2) 763] 8] 704) 2] 921] 8] 1,572] 4] 370] 1 3] 72 
-{ 10 | 3 | Urinary en erste) iat We at 304} 19 417] 1] 54a] 1] 535 1,003 | 2] 173 (PAA aes 
Ss ‘ * ! 
‘11 | | Generative it: eee HOO 44 | 82 81 63 158 46. | un 8 ove 
12 Organs of Locomotion ... ...) 63. 18 46| 1) 31 42) 1] 57| 8] 19]... 1 2 ove 
13 CellularTissue .. 9. wef 154 94| 1} 170 208 139 |... | 290 71} .. 2071) 
14 Cutaneous System Sr | eat 1908 422| ...f 782 |... 519 |... | 680]... [1,331]... } 372 |... eae P93 | ane 
| i irre ie ates creas are PR 57 | MBeNO2 een | 88 | ae 54 | ce P10 | coll code ry fi lees 
Iv.|_ OUOHSE teem bosch ee po C28 4 GHA 950). Lf G8 |decs $neee 6}. Ear |e corn | aes 
Ba) eee! Battle Wiej elvse | eh, Berg aa ere fac se [owe ave 
2] ., || Accidental wih tea te 0g8 401| 24 934] 34 594|...] 828] 241,413| 3] 435] 2 2 | 108 
3 
3] 34 Homicidal itn wadceomcy ieee arene j 5 (oe Ado d A ir ocst Fevees 
4 |S |setfinficted 2. 1 ad OL = | mess 1 a) <1 |e ee 1 ae 
6 siGie i] a (ia rae ee (ae ae sal ee ; 2]. : ; . oe 
Vi. ” Surgical Operations .. «A 3 2 sh alec Silas 3 Lea ere foes fee 
No appreciable disease oil 9 8 ’ 15 |... Soe 84 |. 2 Oo) Nane ” aoe ove 
Not known FA en aie i (a TA ke on lee wef Toe 
General Total .: ss. «sf 6,649 3,109] 31 [5,300 | 37 15,173 | 53 15,549 | 55 |10,661| 77 | 2,692 58 | 622 


ae 


a) 


“ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Ratios per 1,000 of Strength. ~ a ; 
Frames imecmmrvemrmmmmee sss... 
d — gi ; Mobilised 
liom : Districts Oo “paren ..| Northern. Eastern. | Western. | Southern. | Chatham. oe Home. Woolwich, Aldershot. meee oe Belfast. | Dublin. Curragh.’ Cork * Goon 
|] jj] —_———_— t ee ee 
= i a 2 a 3 3 3 bet et < J ios I oe] od 
i PieglEle le lsl2 2/212) 2 2/2 12/2/21 e lei elzlelsl2ie1eiglz2 isl z2igi2 lg 
oO 2.) a pea |} 4a |All a fal aie) 4a ah 4. [4514 | Biles hal <= | Ad =} a] a ial aa = <q 1A} a {a 
aN eal ee os eo <= || nani ee Taal aca: | > Gj Sian ee ese lar acta: Raa Wore eat Son es tae, le eT eer GT bo ex co 
Tl. 1] Generat (Sub-division A] 39-8 | 1°10} 70°2| 47 | 35-3) +20] 42-3 | +80] 55:1 | *22) 27-8 | +13] 59°3 | ... | 68°2 |16 | 34:9} -411 59:6 | 90] 43-1 | -62 | 30-1 1-20] 43-0 | 65} 22-6 | -73] 36-1 | :13' 29-2 | ... 
f j \ , 
2 } seamar § f Bl171-8 | 4°39 | 155-2] 2°37 1123-6 |3°65]110°5 |2°39]127°0 |1-96]108°7 |1 +71/228-°3 |4-83)130°6 | 3°61 [147-7 |2-57/146-3 | 2°39 |100°5 | 1°87 {118-3 |4-41,161 1 13°70} 98:0 |2°92)102-6 |3°85, 92-0 | ... 
| 
10 Oe Nervous System ... 11-4| 82] 19-9] |. | 13-6 | -20) 13-2 | +57] 11-2 | +65] 13-3] -39] 14-5 | -90] 11-0) | °81 ] 17-9 | -50] 15-6 | 1°80} 15-6 | ... | 6:8 | -80] 19-0 |°-49] 11-7 | 97] 10°6 | -26) 11-3 | ... 
2 pa ib pet BAL ee 20-4]... | 28-7] 4. | 15°8 173 | | 148] oe | 165 | | 99]. P44 | foe FIFTY] | 126] .. P1256] 4. P48]... 17-5 |. | 2nd 163]... | 27-2 | .. 
3 Ears Bie kk 2°7 dikes BoM. | 3:4 | a | 42. F157 |) Ber. | 376 | oc. | 5-2 | PaO | cf 2 | iad eae ash| on oo 4-415. | D8) late 
4°] 9 | Nose Rae as ie aaa “Bla “6 Paes C9 haere jes ENN 3 <B2) ceo fended ba. 9 | Bem 1 "O-| evap ace ss Git. Gow 1B Seat tend kG, i Shes hee te 
+ | | 
5 | % | Circulatory System 14-7] 1°10] 15-7] Bria | 19-9 [1-42] 16-7 ja71] 13°3 [1-31] 13-4 } -66] 9-1 [1-07] 13-5 | 110 | 18-8 [1-09] 13°5 | 3-00 | 16-9 | 2-50 | 13-6 | -40) 15-3 | -65j 12-6 | -49) 18-7 [1-46 11-3 | ... 
LA y , ! 
6 gt | Abeonbent ss 24-0 | ... | 19:0] 4. | 13°8 10:4] 0 | 9:81... 10°74) ... | 18-4}... | 12-4 3 QUA sce TBI) ca PABTL A. cove 1] E40 dia, | 2084 0 ABA oy $2 Ah ae 
a i 
7 =| Ductless Glands ... *] ye :. « ao or 690 <a oh Par eae son oh ane ave Rae a nad Aas aa aed tes Pires ahs 
8 i | Paster System 93°2 | 1°92 | 152-6| 47 | 82-8 |2-03} 88-5 |1:14| 53-0 |1-09] 71-3 | +79] 91°3 [1°79] 87-2 | 1-10 {120°8 | -66] 94:2 | -90] 40°6| ... | 87-4 1 aaer 1-45] 60°5 | *73] 79°8 | -80 20-6 | ... 
| g | 
9 $ ' Digestive _,, 108°8 | 82} 159-0] +71 | 99:5 | -611105-9 erie -431100°5 | -39/126:0 | -36]144-4 | 1°25 1130-5 | -33)110°9 | -30] 84:3 | ... | 87-3 as aaa +82] 83-9 | ... 1109°3 | -40{ 67-6 | ... 
10 | 2 | Urinary 7 97:8] ‘41} 97-3] ... [101-7 | ... | 78-4 | 68, 66-3 | -22] 54-9 | -13) 97-4] -18] 83-9] |.. | 83-2] 17] 51-9] ... fl2s-s| ... | 59°3 | -40, 92-5 | -32] 56-2 60:0 |... | 67°6 | ... 
jl 3 Generative —,, 12:8] .. | 20:4] 4, | i4-0]..] 9:0]... | 96)... ] 10:8]... f 14:5]... | 9-9] fa. P82] 4138-8] $10] .. | 14-4] | 15-38 8°31 cP WeBulce Hea are 
| I } ! 
12 Organs of Locomotion | 8-6 | 27] 6-0] |. | 4:5] ..] 4:1] ..] 399] ..] 6-1] 13] 56] ...] 66| 16] 4-7} +25) 57] 1. | 44] .. | 86]... | 66] Ley 7-5) -24] 4-5) 13 4-9]... 
| : | 
| 18 Cellular Tissue ..3 21:1 | 14] 27-8) 4. | 1n-2 |... | 20-1 |. | 20°5 | +22] 22-4 | | 37-2]... fares] {. f2eed |... | 2te3] .. P20] .. | 29-2]... 1 26-6] ... | 18-9 21:4]... | 18°8 
14 (Cutaneous System 123'9 |‘. | 164-4] 4... [124-0]... 100-9]... | 92°0 |... | 96-4 | | 92-9 | .. f1065 | ja. fdt0e4 |... 11-5] 4. fros-e |... [12°83 |... [106-4]... [100-7 } J 97:2 | | 87°34 ane 
- 4 | 
11, Dedility se. ane 13:0)| sn) reOlmme. | 827 |, | TOT fr] Weed ce PIeT yf] G8). | 8-5 | Meee Oe PO ih ne fo cel weg aase 32] ...4 °8°2 | 18 15°] ... 
IV. Poisons. ase a1}. 1 alk | 4-7]. ) 26h 1t 9] ..$ a4). 2-7] 19] ont feed Po]. | c3| a. | evt .. Pa2]..} 16] .24 aos.) 36] 0) oe fe 
f : 
| | 
Vela (Battle: sa. “hee ratte hres ORE | ce: eel gece llacton veces pean aseceithes we |e - See PE Verte bye fae 
2] .. | Accidental... ... [142-2 | -27 | 153-8] 71 [121-2 | -41{112-9 | -91] 87-4 | -43]123-1 | -39:106-3 | ... {129-8 (*B1 [117-2 | -25/180-4 | -60 167-9 | -62 122-3 | ... [121-8 | 3: 86-8 | -24l111-0 | +26 101-4 | -94 
3 bein hare hag Tt Oem Pai’ | ce Pitsa act cemented cee | f18] wo | MMMM se ds freed eer P62 0 ss hairarl eh oll vas nal Bonthias 
= ; 
4|s | sasinaite cS 1] +27 TIOER | vs | cAI OB} BAL |) 22] BY. Bases | vo’ | MMO men AGD ceeg 1 0 Pen "Bi] ass $A ets 260) PARI Bae alles sh ETB pcctea aa 
a wag ee { ; o ora Crea em oy os Rr eee aie as yee % ee oe 
VI. Surgical Operations ies VE) || Mn Ma ee ani 7 Pe Bi °B | | ise Boe a tecc At baci Sd ce Roe errs erree rte eareetdan perma be ae 
i No appreciable disease | 1:°2| .. | 2:8 w, | 2°7 3-1 |. | 1:7 2-0]. 6:3] Meee ee ag |e 2 a2] a RONG ban re pai) beer ipeven Pct be mel 
Not known coef ave rh eee he anpil ll eee iliteaalead eateaetente aca ess ae OSS Ot ras ad a ie “ 4 aS oye Wea 6°6 | w. 
© NS Ae ee |e os pay Mca RCA Mn) a UA | Aan CR SA tA Ma eed PM eee | Bont ips 
j ; oJ F | 
General Total o«e/912°3 |11°65 [1183-5] 6°87 . 0 |8-931752°8 |9°451677 °6 |6-75 698-3 |4+85/926-1 |9-49 870°5 | 8-63 1884-4 |6*40,807-0 | 9°89 ide 6-23 ie 9°61 880°2 [8°53 610°6 oh pe 7°68 584-0 | +94 
ee Se RE ek ene se | chee an aoe ne 


t | ’ 
\ 


re - REPORT FOR 1876. 9 | | \ 


at Drénasrs.—The highest rate of admissions for diseases ‘in this United 
class, that of the Home District, is 184 per 1,000 men lower than the corre- Kingdom. 
“ pe onding rate of the same District for the preceding year ; the whole of the : 
ecrease occurs in the constitutional growp ; inthe febrile group of diseases, there 
_ is a relatively considerable increase in that District, 
The rates cf admissions and of deaths in the two groups of this class are F | 
shown in the following Tables :— | 


e 


Districts sayy aes ‘wes ase ~~ eee| Northern. | Eastern. | Western. | Southern. | Chatham. Bi Home. | Woolwich. } Aldershot. Cee Belfast. Curragh. | Cork, | Mobilisea 
ee | ArmyCorps 
: pe SE ie ek 
Average Strength .. 0 woes ane] 7,288 4,214 4,926 8,779 4,588 7,589 5,586 6,378 12,055 1,602 2,494 Y 4,112 7,533 1,065 
Class of Diseases. ‘ 3 BS = , PI 3s > |S s ol [bees Sir, eel 5 £ 8 2 
qa ails] e is] e a jg] e Bid| aie] 3 a a \ul ale 
S us! oat 3 a 3 os oat 3 q = oS 2 oS p=! 3 & 3 
| a-(aAl< /A] < oN id A} <a j|4] =< /4] < | < q_/Al<4/4 
: (s[Bruptive Fevers. | 16 ll 58 37] 1} 31 17 92 28 5 pate : 
£ | Continued ,, pee ven aan wal) 7187 130] 4 96 175 100]... } 114 210 132 | 1] 207 43 132 | 1 on 
& F 
APE AROSY AOA pe ase we pt Caml. > eat OB 50 39 105 92 34 + 23 140 57 65 28 a ae 
| 5 Mctecshea es mack hhc Pcioayranda >: wath +24 26 6 ul 7 22 60 65 74 76 ae Pies 
Si figss| Brystpelusw). ogee Oecd | de 4) &.|0 dd 12/1] 16 16 4 1 15 15 32 8 Ue |e ; 
a Other Diseases fH. 6 ce) onl) sale 2 62 7} 1 6 13 3 6 1 22 2 he ue 
a ag, al ae dl ewe ee a 6S 
3 Total of Febrile Group ace ae] 290 296; 24 174) 1] 371 253 | Ly 211 331 - | 485 | 14] 420 199 272 | 1 Bis lee 
9 Seay fat a] Sapam eset ace nee $4 _——|— poms [et | P| HF 
a 
a 
ri]. 3 PRheumatism., ee ane] B42 301]... 194] ... | 362 212 346 289 298 |... | 727 156 Pye) es! 
@ | © | Syphilis See cee ert: ‘osna ZOD: 301 | ... | 342} 24 484 268 |...] 374]. 844]... 440]... | 885 273 |. t 3a wee 384] ..7 68]... 
Bhs | 
a S | Scrofula, Phthisis,de. ... 0... ~ 441 120 45 | 10 . 109 | 1 43| 9) 82 117} 27} 63| 21) 141 51 i 99 | 25 Shere 
3 Seurvy and Purpura “0 on a Biles thes liees “aa as iM eres Selene Mi [ese 2] 1 Call oe Bailice > 1 Mall (Pe . el (eee Am ae 
RAM BSI BIEL, aes tain Nese! | “dual AMALIE Sas TU) hs Siete |... 1 1a ga eee BN 2 2G goed LO: | ae Hy iar om : le [ae Putas 5 
8 Nother Diseazed <0) ck de ef 8 | af 8 is 8 ie SH ou regis 4| 1] 15 1.) 2 axl foes Caer Oa eee 
Total of Constitutional Group sae] 1,252 | 654 10] 609 970 537 | 9] 825 1,275 | 27 | 833 | 23 }1,781 | 31} 488 773 |291 98 |... 
2 - ‘ | 
° | 
es D agg ; ‘ Ratios per 1,000 of Strength. 
5 , ST Ln LT ' T7 ee Se Sen LoS es Ss SL 
a. CETuptive Fevers... aay rs wool 4°7] 270) 3-8 6°6 | -11f 81 | -22f 4:1. OO caf Le! Piece f 2°S\\|) cee | 15 | “ws P40] ..] 24] 2. 3) 
5 | Continued 3,0.) eae ee 2478 | 41] 89-8 19°9.| 46) 21-8 | ... | 15:0} “13 37°6 | ... | 20-7 | -lu] 17-2 | -08 12°9 | 60] 28-7 | -e2hl17-6 | -80} 17-4 | +32] 15-8 
SO EOrOxyaIOAl lay! Tiere fase case sted 4282 |/ 42.5) 11-9 1270 Jie} 200)... | 4B Reef 21)... J 219]... | 4:7 |... | 195 2:8)... ) 34]. 7 Sl - 
Blimfluenza ee eos] BB] | 6B 1eBvat iS |: | 2°9 HOT eM 1O'2srcce| 6s ls eee B22. \\ 5.0) LSD ace ers 
aiicy WERVRIDOIAS ccs ste’ ews, 2) weet Sef AOU AMP 28 1°8| *23). :9]... g 27] ...0 2:3] 4. ] 26 | 08 274 i 
| “Other, Disetses ee eB Saitectpesrs| f° TWe ese AP (2 4 ...9§ 220/126 een i 
3] Total of Febrile Group _... “ 89-8 1-09] 70°2 +20] 42°3 | °80, 55°1 | -22) 27°8 - 
‘ 118 Bheumatiem Bee) Sh voy yeast Se ef AGO) Ree | Tce 41-1 46°2 45°6 ai a 
“td & Sy pesisme aN seit) o vos? Vises 2. sf LO5<0:| 14h 714 eR. “A | -40) 55-1 | 11) 58°4} ... | 49 3 151°1 | ... | 69°0 | ... }°73-4 | 08 81-8 345 
RI 3 ane Phthisis, &. ... ... «| 16°5 [4°25] 10-7 |2-37] 12-4 [3-251 12-4 [2-05 9-4 |1-98f 10°8 [1°71] 20-9 /4°83) 9-9 /3°29] 11-7 [2-16 15-3 2: 3-22! 12-4 |2- _ 
© | 2} Scurvy and Purpura PEAR cr ba A ier ca) At orb 2 2 3 BOA Wee Be etO lh LO) 2B rea 3 it 
12 neriiar meee 00 PBL OTP 2 9 lnc f 204 14 Bel be 21 | oh 78) aeaeies 
"| B Other Diseases). ue new] PR | Ut 9] -23} +4 1-0 D2) |e | 6) | 16] 12) "2b 1-9 
o yea (5 fa) anil rr eAs Ags ee bite | | =e Ee ee eee 
‘Total of Constitutional Group _...{171°8 |4°39]155°1 |2-37]123°6 |3-65]110-4 |2°39,117-0 |1-96)108°7 J1-71}228-1 |4-83)130°6 |3-61]147°7 \2°57 146-3 |2-39]100+5 i 3 |4-41]161 1 /3°70, 97°9 3°85) 92-0 


om. 


- 


10 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Eruptive Fevers.—For all Districts together the rate of prevalence of fevers 
of this nature (42 per 1,000 men) exceeds that of the preceding year by one- 
sixth ; the increase is accounted for by the participation of the troops quartered 
in the Northern, and in the Chatham Districts, in the epidemic of small-pox 
which occurred during the year ; the admissions for this fever were only 25, 
but the presence of the disease led to increased re-vaccination, and the 
admissions consequent on the operation augmented the proportional preva- 
lence of the group of eruptive fevers. Scarlet fever prevailed less than in 
1875, but admissions for it occurred in every District except the Channel 


Islands, and the North British, its greatest prevalence was in the Southern, _ 


and in the Woolwich Districts. 

Continued Fevers—F¥or all Districts together, the rate of admissions for 
fevers of this nature is 2'4 per 1,000 men lower than in the preceding year, 
and the rate of mortality is ‘06 per 1,000 lower. 

Typhus Fever.—There were two admissions for this fever, one of which 
took place in the Southern, the other in the Belfast District ; both attacks 
were fatal. Sie ; 

~Enieric Fever, caused in all 93 admissions and 18 deaths. No District was 
quite free from the presence of this form of continued fever, but its preva- 
lence differed widely, being in the proportion of 4:30 per 1,000 men in the 
Home, of 1°93 per 1,000 in the Dublin, and of only -26 per 1,000 in the South- 
Eastern ; the mortality from enteric fever, however, was not in proportion to 
its prevalence in the various Districts, no attack of this fever proved fatal in 
the Home District. No epidemic outbreak occurred at any station, though 
in a few instances two or three attacks followed in sequence ; two-thirds ofall 
those in the Home District, were amcngst the troops in London, in the last 
quarter of the year. 

Simple Continued Fever.—The prevalence of this fever in all Districts 
together is in the rate of 4:07 per 1,000 men, the greatest rate of. prevalence 
is that of the Home District ; the death from it was in the Cork District. 

Febricula.—The rate of admissions (for all Districts 15°16 per 1,000 men) 
varies from 17°42 per 1,000 men in the Northern to 10°19 per 1,000 in the 
North British District. - 

Paroxysmal Fevers.—The rate of admissions for all Districts together shows 
a reduction of 1:0 per 1,000 men on the rate of the preceding year ; as in it, so 
in the present year, Woolwich shows the highest rate of prevalence, 21°9 per 
1,000 men, next to it the Chatham District, 20°0 per 1,000 ; the lowest rate is 
that of the Belfast District, 2°8 per 1,000. * 

Influenza.—The rates of admission for this form of fever in the various 
Districts vary greatly from those of the preceding year ; that of the North 
British, is more than two-fold higher, that of Chatham, on the other hand, is 
fourteen times lower. + 

Erysipelas—For all Districts together the rate of prevalence is 2°6 per 


1,000 mien (nearly one-third) lower than that for the preceding year ; there is’ 


a large reduction in the rates for the Hastern, Western, South Hastern, and 
Woolwich Districts ; the Aldershot, North British, and Chatham Districts have 
higher rates; the rate of the Home District is the same for both years. 

Rheumatism.—F¥or all Districts together the rate of admissions is 4:9 per 
1,000 men lower than in the preceding year, and every District shows a reduced 
rate of prevalence of this affection except Chatham, for which there is an 
increase of 13°6 per 1,000 men. i 

Syphilis —For all Districts together the rate of admissions is "9 per 1,000 
men lower than in the preceding year ; for the primary form of the disease in 
the present year the rate of admissions is 46:0 per 1,000 men, for the constitu- 
tional form 27:4 per 1,000. Compared with 1875 the rates of admissions for 
syphilis (both forms together) are higher for the Northern, South-Eastern, 
Chatham, Aldershot, and North British Districts, and lower for the other 
Districts. ; 

In continuation of the statistical information given in the reports of 
previous years, the admissions for primary venereal sores at certain large 
stations in the United Kingdom, and their rates per 1,000 of the mean 
strength, are shown in the following Tables ;— 


= 5 ee 


REPORT FOR 1876, , 11 


Stations under the Act. United 
Kingdom. 
elles 

3g aS oa5 | Sea 

‘S| aa ed 38 388 

Station Be | aa S§ |48Po/ "SE 
a oe co HeaS S| & So 

oS > & (eign) oSsg 

ape | 2" .| 2H [ames] hs 

8 | SPS) £8 |ogmZ| oat 

Ok & S5 es Baw g Ss Re 

Za sy Aan 3 Sask gas 

Devonport and Plymouth 2,658 W1 | 247 27) 93 


Portsmouth oe -.| 5,092} 151-| 385 27) 69 


Chatham, Sheerness, and ‘I 4.588 


Gravesend s B 151 | 282 33] 61 


Woolwich.. a .| »,783 | 241 | 470 42 | 81 
Aldershot.. ..  ..| 12,055 | 563] 901| 47| 75 
Windsor .. A Ae 956 39 78 41} 82 


Shorncliffe .. owe | 2,748) 60} 115) 221 42 
Colchester. . nea wath 23480. 80} 190 380 | 72 
Winchester Lp 983} 20! 85| 20! 86 
Dover) ices 4. .| 2.4781 75] 112] 30] 45 


Canterbury oc »-| 1,408 38 80 27 |. Bz 
Maidstone.. “ id 108 3 2 28 |) 18 
Cork is NS -| 2,520 54 | 150 21 |. 59 
Curragh .. oe ee | 4,112 76 | 205 18} 50 


Total of 14 Stations 


Le air a: 48,620 | 1,622 |3,302| 33] 68 


* Isle of Wight .. ee 


54 64 
London .. By A 146 98 
Warley .. se oe 51 96 
Hounslow .. Gn eae 75 59 
“Pembroke Dock .. go 29 48 
Sheffield .. re oe 72 | 119 89 
Manchester... og 152 
Preston .. vs i "7 | 105 
Edinburgh AG oF 89 74, 
Fermoy .. ve ae 31 64 
Limerick .. ate ne 47 51 
Athlone .. Ai be 8 | 49 
Dublin .. a ais 76 | 113 
Belfast .. ae we 57 64 
Total of foe es a 18,790 | 1,584 |1, 677 | 82 | 89 ; 


12 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT | 
United F 
Kingdom. ~ Rate of Admissions into Hospital per 1,000 of Mean 
Sirength for Primary Venereal Sores in— 
Staticns. s 


: * x * 
1867. | 1868.| 1869. | 1870.| 1871.] 1872.| 1873.| 1874. 1875. | 1876. 


Devonport and 
Plymouth.. Hee a) 5 Mair 889 80r4 60) 87 | ahaa 27 


* 


Portsmouth ..{ 116| 86] 62] 51] 41 | 40 | 44 | 48 | 80 | 27 


Chatham and 
Sheerness .. 


71 63 41 47 | 65, 49 41 | 33 17 33 


Woolwich Ars 88 46 52 43 | 58 60 | 60 47 59 42 
Aldershot At 81 77 63 67 | 65 62 72 52 46 47 
Windsor a5 58-| 136 93 67 | 78 96 84 63 41 41 


Shornclitfe An 42 vil 60 | 100] 30 33 21 14 18 22 
Colchester ve} | TAS 182 85 42 | 32 -55 42 20 32 30 


Winchester .. 52 | 104} 101 61 | 29 57 27 38 7 2h 20 
“Dover, ..°) vest: 182 | 14a) 80+) 480) BAIR AY Hh 84ic) 237 ol) 2 eae 
Canterbury (s.| 219 | 494 | 48 |) 162} °98:¢} 48: 20}: -86e1) 1B oh ae 
Maidstone ..| 242| 122| 128| 68| 44-| 57 | 50 | 66 | 7 | 28 
Cork) ge, wal2 724.6) | <¥8:)) 068, |. Boal 62. aio6l 1 26 | eke 


Curragh ao| 2104 85 88 56 | 35 50 30 46 35 18 


Isle of Wight ..| 59| 103| 129| 64| 66 | 57 | 87 | 89 | 89 | 54 


London ale 6S: 148 144. 160 | 190 199 185 179 187 146 
Warley as 74 92 61 55 57 66 22 32 ; 37. 52 
Hounslow ix 62 | 106 85 88 | 45 90 67 68 24 75 


Pembroke Do-k 28 35 51} 54] 28 27 25 21 31 29 
Sheffield viel 168 hp 07- [22146 77 | 126 98 71 49 87 | 119 


Manchester ..| 177 | 115 |. 160 92 | 70 98 91 | 106 89 | 113 
Preston | 971 87] ava] 194] 7B | 114 | 198 | 97 | 57 | 7 


Edinburgh =. 63 46 60 99 | 69 43 44 25 27 89 


Fermoy 2.) go} vray") ax6| 994 BS bh GET | BE Rey 1a ee 


57 | 100 78 58 25 | 47 


Limerick a tats liegt aha Wi § 54) 186 
Athlone an 85 38 42 44 47 14 ie TS See 10 8 
Dublin .. ..| 129 | 139] 180] 128] 117 | 165 | 1386 95 73 [6 


Belfast .. Th Bop cee ee 8 


= 


61 78 | 108 64 44, 57 


* Stoppage of pay in force. : 


REPORT FOR 1876. 13 


The group of 14 stations under the Act shows a reduction of 2 per 1,009 United 
men, on the corresponding rate for the preceding year; the contrasted group of Kingdom. 
14 stations, shows an increase of 3 per 1,000 men. 

The results obtained by a different grouping of the stations in the United 
Kingdom, are shown in the following table :— 


Average Annual 


Groups. 
Strength. Venereal Sores. 


The 14 Stations under ee 
; 33 
Contagious Diseases Act 
All other Stations .. .. «. 63 


No admissions for this disease are returned at 14 stations, having an aggre- 
gate mean annual strength of 986 men. ; 

Scrofula and Phthisis.—Compared with the preceding year the rate of 
admissions is higher for the Northern, Home, Aldershot, and Channel Islands 
Districts ; for the Southern District the rate is the same in both years. 

Looan Disuases.—Diseases of the Nervous System.—Compared with the 
preceding year, the rate of admissions is higher for all Districts, excepting the 
Northern, Western, Chatham, South Eastern, and Woolwich; the highest 
rate, that of the Eastern, is double that for 1875, this is due to the compara- 
tively Jarge number of admissions for epilepsy, and for convulsions. a2 

Diseases of the Hye.—For the most part the rates of admissions in the 
various Districts, are in close accordance with the corresponding ones for the 
the preceding year ; in both years the highest rate is that of the Eastern, and 
the lowest is that of the Home District. The greater comparative prevalence 
of conjunctivitis, in the first named District, accounts for its higher admission- 
rate. : 

Diseases of the Circulatory System.—The rate of admissions is higher than 
for the preceding year, in the Kastern, Western, Woolwich, and ‘Channel 
Islands’ Districts ; in the North British, it is the same for both years. The 
rate of admissions for palpitation is 7-1 per 1,000 of the strength for all 
Districts together, showing a reduction of °6 per 1,000 on the rate for the 
preceding year. The prevalence of this disorder varies from 8°7 per 1,000 
men in the Aldershot to 1°7 per 1,000 in the North British. 

Diseases of the Respiratory System.—As in the preceding year, the highest 
rate of prevalence is that for the Eastern District, which is nearly threefold 
greater than the rate of the Chatham District ; the rates for the Eastern, 
Western, Aldershot, and North British Districts, exceed the corresponding 
ones for 1875. In the remaining Districts the rates are lower, in most 
instances much lower. 

Diseases of the Digestive System.--Compared with 1875 the rates of admis- 
sions are lower in the Northern, Western, Chatham, South Eastern, Aldershot, 
and Channel Islands’ Districts, 

Diseases of the Urinary System.—Compared with the preceding year there 
is a lower rate of admissions for diseases of this order in the Kastern, and 
in the South-Eastern Districts, and a higher one in each of the remaining 
Districts , 

The admissions into hospital for gonorrheea, at specified groups of stations 
in the United Kingdom, are shown in the following Table :— 


United 
Kingdom. 


14 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


a EEE EEE 


Average Annual} Admissions. or ee Biieeaen 
Groups. Strength into Hospital | “or A amissions _ 
of the Group. | for Gonnorhea.| 5. Gonnorhoa. 


— —_—_— 


——— | $$ —$—$—$— 


The 14 Stations under the 
Contagious Diseases Act .. } 48,620 Byg0e 6s - 
At 14 Large Stations not under 
the Contagious Diseases Act. . } hed 0 1,677 } ee 


All Stations together not under 
the Contagious Diseases Act /" 
(including the 14 Large. 38078 S045 80 
Stations) ° ‘ee ne 


ee 


Diseases of the Cutaneous System—Oompared with the preceding year, the 
rates of admissions are higher for all Districts, excepting the South Eastern, 
Woolwich, and the Aldershot. : 

Potsons.—Compared with the admission rates for 1875, there is an increase 
in those for the Eastern, Western, Southern, South-Eastern, and Channel 
Islands Districts, a decrease in those for the Northern, Home, Woolwich, and 
for the Aldershot Districts, the rates of the Chatham, and of the North British 
Districts, are the same for both years, As in the preceding, so in the present 
year, the rate of the Woolwich District exceeds that of any other. Of the 
admissions for diseases in this class 138 were for delirium tremens, 134 for 
alcohol poisoning, and 4 for poisoning by other means. ais 

InsuriEs.—Accidental—The rate of admissions is higher than in the pre- 
ceding year for the Northern, Eastern, Chatham, Home, Aldershot, North 
British, and Channel Islands Districts, and lower for the Western, Southern, 
South-Hastern, and Woolwich Districts. 


The admissions and deaths, and the number invalided. in each arm of 
the service, with the rates per 1,000 of the strength, and the corresponding 
rates for the 10 years 1865-76, are shown in the following Table :— 


pies) 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


United 
Kingdom. 


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16 _ ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Compared with the preceding year, the rate of admissions is lower for 
every arm except Household Cavalry, in which there is an increase of 26-7 
per 1,000 men, Infantry, in which it is 84 per 1,000, and Depot Brigade 
Royal Artillery, in which there is an increase of 21°2 per 1,000. The reduction 
in the rate of admissions for Cavalry is 22:1; for Royal Artillery, 484; for 
Foot Guards, 44°6 ; and for Depéts, 63:9. The death-rate is lower than in the 

receding year for every arm excepting Cavalry, in the rate of which there is an 
increase of *32 per 1,000 men ; Foot Guards, in which there is an increase of 2°37 
per 1,000; Depot Brigade Royal Artillery, in which there is an increase of 1°33 
per 1,000 ; and Coast Brigade Royal Artillery, in which there is an increase 
of °79. The reduction on the death-rate of the preceding year for Household 
Cavalry is 4°15 per 1,000 men, for Royal Artillery is 1°67, for Royal Engineers 
is 5°5, for Infantry is 1°15, for Army Service Corps is *33, and for Army 
Hospital Corps is 3°59 per 1,000 men. In the last-named arm a high death- 
rate is a permanent feature, that of the present-year does not differ greatly 
from the average of ten years, the explanation is perhaps to be found partly 
in the exposure to infectious sickness entailed on the men by the nature 
of their duties, partly in the relatively small amount of invaliding, and 
partly in the composition of the arm as to the ages of its members. Com- 
pared with the preceding year, the rate of invaliding is higher for House- 
hold Cavalry by 10:89 per 1,000 men, for Cavalry by 4:49, for Royal Artillery 
and Foot Guards fractionally, for Army Service Corps, 5:31, and for Army 
Hospital Corps, 6:97. There is a decrease on the rate of invaliding of Royal 
Engineers of 3°78 per 1,000 men ; for Infantry, 1:90 ; for Depot Brigade Royal 
Artillery, 20°53 ; for Coast Brigade Royal Artillery, 10°33 ; and for Depéts, 10°13. 

In the following Table, to the strength of each arm one-half of the number 
of men belonging to it who were placed on the pension list during the year 
has been added, and to the mortality of the arm the deaths occurring before 
the 31st of December among the men pensioned from it :— 


1866-75. 
Average | Deaths | Ratio of Basil a 
Strength, of Deaths | soldiers and 


corrected) Soldiers |per 1,000]] “poy sioners 
as and Pen-| of the per 1,000 of 
i . > 
above. | sioners. |Strength]] i, g trength. 


Household Cavalry .. + 1,229 6 4°88 


Cavairy 


10,901! 79 | 7:25 


Royal Artillery Ar ate 18,215 


Foot Guards .. Ac vs 


Infantry Regiments .. 


Compared with 1875 a higher death-rate of soldiers and pensioners com- 
bined, is seen in the instance of Cavalry and Foot Guards, a lower rate in that 
of each of the other arms. 

The classes and orders of diseases by which the admissions, deaths, and 
ibyaliing in each arm of the service were caused, are shown in the following 

ADIES j— : J 


REPORT FoR 1876. ile 


Apmissrons, Deaths, and Invaliding in the United Kingdom. 


United 
t Kingdom. 
ee Cavalry. arity. Foot Guards Setter det BP Yee a pops. | atti, | Bande, | vowpar | — dere 
Strength ae ee 1,205 10,639 12,468 5,349 40,113 2,450 9,358 | 3,583 | 1,036 
5 < a) é < A | 4 < A] &.] 4 ysis < robe ja < A |.4 < a lis & &: a 
I. General Diseases, 
1 | Febrile Group... ene rp 23 a “5 423 6 Bee 586 6 1 
2 | Constitutional Group ts] | 126 2 ll 1,633 23 
II. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 
1 | Nervous System ce “ct 10 te 1 163 1l 
PDN CE cee eet siren eet 7 Ete Ree 149 
8} Ear... a ra fr a 1 28 
4} Nose ... “a0 at sas 1 ss bee 3 
5 | Circulatory System .., eos) 1 soe 2 1l7 10 
6 | Absorbent ” ae aoe 9 oon Bee 188 
7 | Ductless Glands «99 sei] (abs ese seo 1 
8 | Respiratory System ... a 91 1 1 935 9 
9 | Digestive ” ace ee} 125 axa nap 1,043 4 
10 | Urinary ” ae ire 82 ee 1 792 Bes 
11 | Generative ,, eee aie 9 eee one 222 
12 | Organs of Locomotion sos 4 avs 1 68 1 
13 | Cellular Tissue tos ove 44 on eee 264 doe 
14 | Cutaneous System .., «| 118 on 1 1,567 
Ill. Conditions, de. 
Debility ace, eve oss 6 oon eee 152 see 
IV. Poisons awe 5 eed 4 ove any 25 bee 
V. Injuries. 
oH UT SASS ois Barry We Meal cogs Bebe) (peer 
2/| Accidental... one sue] | 187 1 1 1,629 4 
8 | Homicidal feels ode o one ove tee 
4 | Self-inflicted .. nee as 1 ane sad 1 2 
5 | Jadicial 


VI. Surgical Operations ... 


No appreciable disease ae 


Cause unknown aye “ 


Total 


On'ted 
Kingdom. 


oon FO eR OH YH 


ee ee 
-* &® Oe S 


a ep Oo DH 


.| Stations ane ose 


Household Cavalry. 


Cavalry. 


Royal Artillery. 


Rario per 1,000 of Mean Strength. 


Toot Guards, 


Class of Diseases. 


I. General Diseases. 


Febrile Group... 


| Constitutional Group 


' 


II. Local Diseases. 


Diseases of the— 


| Nervous System 


Cte Metco cee 


Ear eee 
Nose 
Circulatory System ... 


Absorbent +. 
Ductless Glands 
Respiratory System ... 


Digestive : > 


Urinary ae ee 
Generative ,, 
Organs of Locomotion 
Cellular Tissue 


Cutaneous System ... 


| ; Hu 
Ill. Conditions, &c. 


Debility TEs 


IV. Poisons... 


V. Injuries. 
Battles... ai oe 
| ceidfental 


Homicidal...) ws 
Self-inflicted ... ve 
Budicial | oo. te 
VI. Surgical Operations 

; : 


No appreciable disease 


r] 
Cause toe ave 


Admitted. 


191 
104°6 


8-3 
5°38 


50 


3:3 


1137 


Admitted. 


Invalided. 


Admitted. 


3 
3 
‘S| 
2|#% 
2 > 
eye 
1°66 | 9:13 
*83 


“83 


6°67 [33°27 


Died. 
Invalided. 


8°34 [23°34 


18 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Admitted. 
Died. 
Invalided. 


11°19 |19°81 


7°15 


7°76 


13°04 |44-67 


te .arite é Coast Army Army 
: Depét Brigade, Royal : A . 
Infantry Regiments. Royal Artillery. Depéts. Engineer. Brings, i tl coe 
| 
cl b=] | FI 3 3 Gi s 3 3 a 3 3 3 a g =| 
|| ae 2 Fa 2 || & Sails an ed EN eel ae 
als 3 Bele -|) Qos eet ais WA sal) ae Sevag 
28 "35 
2°51 | 3°34 | 5°74 64 | 5°79 |.6°76 | 3°51 | 5°27 
“66 | 1:95 [| 1°27 “64 97 | 1-98 “71 | 1°08 
“83 “64 see 
*83 | 4°49 | 6°37 “64 | 2°90 | 1°93 | 2°11 | 2°46 
28 | 1°67 | 2°55 “64 290} °35 | 2°11 
“o4 1:93 | 1°93 *85 | 7) 
“83 “64 ” “35 
°° "36 
“28 “35 


REPORT FOR 1876. 19 


ADMISSIONS and Dratus. United 
Kingdom. 


Household ‘ ; Bri : 
Cavalry. Cavalry. Royal Artillery. Foot Guards. hence Roel Avthiors Depéts. 
ene EE Ue ay 
Strength .. a 30 5 aS ce ae 1,205 10,639 9 5, 40,113 2,450 9,358 
Gonoral Disenson: Died, | Admitted.| Died. itted.| Died. | Admitted.| Died. | Aamittea.] Died. itted.| Died. | Admitted.| Died. 
Febrile— 

Eruptive Fevers .. se ve bi oe ‘ 62 
Continued _,, Ae AG ee 7 “ 
Paroxysmal ,, 131 
Influenza .. oe 82 
Erysipelas .. il 1 
Other Febrile Diseases P 21 

Total of Febrile Group Ba) é 434 5 a 

Constilutional— 

Rheumatism es 416 
Syphilis .. f 501 
Stofula, Phthisis, ‘&e. 7 15] 46 
Scurvy and Purpura 1 *a 4 
Anemia , 21 
Other Constitutional Diseases 7 * 3 

Total of Constitutional Group ne aA on 63% 21 4,954 109 9 “1,108 48 


Febrile— 
Eruptive Fevers 
Continued ,, 
Paroxysmal ,, 
Influenza 
Erysipelas .. 
Other Febrile Diseases 


Total of Febrile Group os we ac es 


Constitutional— 
Rheumatism aft a “0 40 ne 
Syphilis .. isch eeling 3 ae Se 
Scrofula, Phthisis, ‘ke. a ne “7 mi 
Scurvy and Purpura as . : 
Anemia is 3 ve ue 
Other Constitutional Diseases a 2r =e oe 


Total of Constitutional Group =e ale as if ; : : 28° 2:97 | 215°7 ‘ cia y : 367 | 117°8 5°13 


420 ARMY, MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Eruptive Fevers.—Compared with the preceding year.the rate of admis- 
sions for fevers of this nature is lower for Household/ Cavalry, Cavalry, and 

‘ Depéts, and is higher for each of the other arms given in the Table, the rate of 
the Depét Brigade Royal Artillery is nearly two-fold greater. 

Continued Fevers.— Compared with the preceding year the rate of admis- 

sions is higher for Household Cavalry, Cavalry, and Foot Guards, in the 
instance of the last-named nearly one-third higher ; the rate is lower for each 
of the other arms, and in each considerably so. 

Paroxysmal Fevers.—The rate of admissions is lower than in the preceding 
year for every arm, except Royal Artillery, and Depot Brigade Royal Artillery, 
and. Depéts. 

_  -Erysipelas.—The rate of admissions is lower than in the preceding year for 
every arm excepting Foot Guards, the excess of which is °7 per 1,000 men; 
the rate for Cavalry is the same in'both years. 

Rheumatism.—"xcepting in the instance of Foot Guards, in which there is 
an increase of 4-5 per 1,000 men, the rate of admissions is lower for every arm 
than in the preceding year, materially lower in most of them. 

Syphilis —Compared with the preceding year the rate of admissions is 
lower for Household Cavalry, Foot Guards, and Depdt Brigade Royal Artillery, 
but higher for each of the other arms ; the reduction in the instance of Foot 
Guards is 42:1 per 1,000 men, " 

Scrofula, Phthisis, éc.—Compared with the preceding year the rate of 
admissions for diseases of this nature is higher for Household Cavalry by 5 per 
1,000 men, for Royal Artillery by 1°4, for Foot Guards by 2°, and for Infantry 
by 3. On the other hand, the rate. of Cavalry is -9, that of Depét Brigade 
Royal Artillery, is 1°7,and that of Depdts is 5° per 1,000 men lower. 

As the rates of mortality from diseases in this group are particularly likely 
to be affected by the comparative amount of invaliding on account of them, 
the proportions of loss, from death and invaliding combined, are shown in the 
following Table :— , 


Loss per 1,000 
Men by Deaths 
and Invaliding 
combined, from 


Scrofula and 
Phthisis. 
Household Cayalry .. on sn 9:96 
Cavalry 56 ee ae ae + , 611 
Royal Artillery an Ac oe 8-42 
Foot Guards... a Me OS oe 13 -09 
Infantry .. an « 6°33 
Depét Brigade Royal Artillery .. oe 5°71 
Depéts Re as ae 21:05 


Compared with the preceding year a higher rate of loss from scrofula and 
phthisis, &c., is shown for every arm except Infantry, but the gain in this 
respect is more than balanced by the very large increase, 8°09 per 1,000 men, 
in the rate for Depdts. 

Locat Disnasus.— Diseases of the Nervous System.—In a comparison between 
the results of the preseat and of the preceding year, in respect of admissions 
for diseases of this order, the most noticeable feature is that of the evenness 
of the rates for the various arms in the two years, omitting from the com- 
parison those the strength of which’ is inconsiderable; thus the rates for 
Royal Artillery Infantry, and for Depdts, differ only fractionally, whilst thoge 


REPORT FOR 1876. 21 


for Cavalry, and for Foot Guards, are not materially different ; there is how= United 
yee large decrease, 10°8 per 1,000 men, in the rate for Depot Brigade Royal Kingdom. 
rtillery. 

Diseases of the Hye.—Compared with the preceding year, there is a reduc- 
tion on the rate for Household Cavalry, Foot Guards, Infantry, and for Depats ; 
each of the other arms shows an increase, but in no instance a large one. 

Diseases of the Circulatory System.—Compared with the preceding year, the 
rate of admissions is lower for every arm, des: Household Cavalry, the 
rate for which is the same in both years ; for Royal Artillery the reduction is 
fractional only, but for each of the other arms it is important, being for 
Cavalry, 3°9, for Foot Guards and Infantry, 2:1, for Depédt Brigade Royal 
Artillery, 13:9, and for Depots, 9°1 per 1,000 of the strength respectively. 

Diseases of the Respiratory System.—There is an important reduction in the 
rate of every arm on that of the preceding year, excepting in Depot Brigade 
Royal Artillery, which shows an increase of 7°7 per 1,000 men. 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—Compared with the preceding year, there 
is a reduction in the rate of admissions for every arm excepting Foot Guards 
and Depot Brigade Royal Artillery ; the increase for the first named is 15:0, 
and that for the latter is 34:0 per 1,000 men. 

Diseases of the Urinary System.—The rate of admissions for diseases of this 
order is higher than that for the preceding year for Household Cavalry, Royal 
Artillery, Foot Guards, Infantry, and for Depots. 

Ingurres.—A cordental—tThe rate of admissions for accidental injuries is 
higher than that of 1875 for Cavalry, and for lufantry, but is lower for each 
the other arms. 

The admissions, deaths, invaliding, and the number of daily sick in each 
comps which served in the United Kingdom in 1876, are shown in the following 
Table :— ie ; 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


22 


sony “TTOTMTOO MA 9% “Sop 


‘ riongr 0 dum pu ‘eper noyytaer | | 7S 18~ | e8-Ozlea99 | 00-sT| 99-91] 4-TZ6 | 6-88) 6 | OL) F | 9 | B98 009 “pug 
saan ade mend eqounaon poo tox }| P-6T | O4-FIlee-OF | FI-Te| 88-1] S-Fr4 | O8-FE | eT} 4 | T | 9 | Ser | S19 sucoSwagy 9ST 
: ‘om “ysoung “oueuny ey 
syacin ye “mop: ‘efpeanon pee bqrooumier {| OSE | 888 feBRe | Si, Ze) 06-11] 9- Tes | O% TE) FL) 9 |e | F e9z | 50S DL 
. mt ¢ é 
oranges paneer x Seon t| SUE | 80-erloz-ze | €9-F7] 99-1 | &-FE0r | 29-18 | 4z | T | T | ** | 299 | 09 ia 
= * ¢ Ke Gr: os / 
Eee ee nS cai eee gp-2t | oF 8 \4z-¢z | 09-9 | $9-1 | 9-189 | OL-FT| > | T t | str | 909 «wg 
ei eae cepmg, saan | Seat | 89-o1os-sz | 98-91] st-8 | 809 | e4-4t) oT] s | “| | Te | S19 | - a 
* Say i$ C : 
taatonk oe Takeo t| ASE. | a8-Prledes | ts-74| ** | 1-984 | 99-08 |e | “| “| ** | Sor | 6T8 ‘pig 
Re 3 ‘ G ; : 
Renee ¢ Gath emibocey mers 6g.41 | ZO: T1l0z-08 | s8- T1| 98-11 9-6¢9 | geet} 9 |9 | “| 9 | sve | gos if. “pug 
eee “rood a0A1 a6 F p 
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: Sayeaeyy 
: 1Z-GL | IL-OT\tL- 22 | 04-91! se-¢ | 3-999 | 68-88] 06) F |Z | zs | 864 £08'T pay oe: 
-uopuor.szospryy | 9-e | €9-11/s9-18 | 99-4 | 19-2 | s-9s8 | 49-et;e | 1 [T [''| We | see [ePH OH a 
‘ostoroxgy Jo dumey ‘aospuryy.‘topuory | 6g-L4T | OL-6 \48-9S | LS-F3| 16-> | O-€FS | €s-OT | OL} S | T | T | Tee Lop. | pug 
yamog uoxdunepy ye gap ‘uopuoy | 9f.Gt | 08-6 |TF-Sz | op-41| 6F-3 | -889 | 6T-OT| 4 |T | “| T | 98% | OOF | “PH HTT 
‘sfeq | ‘sheq 
! en ae > >lelsel oe] el e& 
ajelse/2 |} 212) & | oe lel 2 [eel al Be Be 
me g uy e 5 BE. z.3 BIE loo| S| ok | 2s 
o® o 2 5 Sa da Hi Br} am | 8 | Bae 
BB's Be ais ee 3 3 me |e beat Ben] | see dae “oy 
“suoH Pe aieey | Plea P] EB PE] Bo | ee | scnuonniog 
=e o 8, we : ay 5 ¢ 
Se wel * 8B B 
. 6S | & g Tysu0Tg o ae es 
|: Se eee siege 000'T 220 ued Teeny is . 
ES 
38 
2 
Bly 


23 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


“roquma0q 48Te 0} Arenuve YIGT MOTT » 


eS SSS SS SS 


° aur] oy} Jo 
Te-Z1 | Sg. Stl 26- TF] Zz. ee] 49-9 | 8-P88 | 0S-9FF] HSE] TZ | ST | 9S | ETP‘6|GE9‘OT|+4 AxTeAeQ jo 
: 1830 
shaaqaoyueg | zee fito.9 | 9pot] «| tt | eete-foe [orf ot] cept st fer Lee 
ore 18-8 | 8ST] ez-osire. Zt | F461 9-746 | 24-¢0|6 |S |% |e | 00g | ets «gars 
uoy «ye “gap =f MOTSTNOFF § “JoysLOplTy ‘ 3 5 & 4 5 : e 
“BOS ee e “cc * 
Ty yeb. Smog, ‘norsenoyt 00-Z41 | 8ST} 46. TFI6I-Sz | T8-¢ | 3-106 | 99-1o | eT | € ® | aor | 9T¢ q0z 
ye mop fuBeamy” pur cpuoysus, sprog [| PEGE | 1881] Zo-selus-Te | 96-9 | 8-204 |eo-st/ IT} e | 1 |e | ses | oo fe “wer 
-raqsoqotog | 60-LT | OL- 8] ZZ. S91ZF SeT| 86-9 | T-89PT | 0S- Fe | Z9|/e | ** |e | 4e4 | Bog | sxessmE qICT 
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‘ayrouroys | €Z-8T | 29-P1| 1z-Zelhs-19 | 96-F | S-e84 | 19-36) 18] 8 | T | S\| F4r | SOO | StoouwTyT BIBT 
é ‘somstopty | 8G-SL | 99-21] 69-PEloo.ge | °* | 3-286 | GO-13| 06] °° | ** | °° | s9g | 909 Sih oe 
‘uoyauH ¥ pur 1 oc. er | 24.6t| 9t-Fsl6z-0g| 49-6 | 8-s9ot | 00-8¢| 92] ¢ |z |e | ose | 21g | sxvsompp yyy, 
Foodaeary 48 “sjep £ YSanquripay ‘Tojsoyoueyy J H * i ; 7 5 i , 
ES Se ee paw xepenc f| 89ST | 3-91] Gr-va/et-6r | 99-4] 6-148 | 4e-8¢| OL} | -- | 4% | 9ey | $29 |suooSercE m9. 
‘astoroxgy Jo dumeg “oysuo z-¢t | 96-9] o6.orlpz-zz | 08-¢ | 1-646 | F-12|8e|z | °°] zs | STs | 92¢ | sxoouery qyG- 
TOLOME J 9 oystopTy | 4 L Z 
> > > B}]_ol Ss > > 
zoe | oe ie. 3 | oA ial ices bese 
oh OR 28 Pp £19 | WE. | ws 
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ga | Ee "§ ee 
of | ee “yySuea4s o Ore es waa 
g8 | "8 | jo oot sod onvy qenury | 8 iin . *R 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


24 


‘gjo[dtuoour siunyoyy || 
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08-ST | F8-ZL | 08-8 | FZ-16 -| 68-2 1-082 | 09:98 €6 | 8 Feet is eso'rt |°° o “  W9T 
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Tg-22 | 48-PL | 98-68 | 89-82 | 19-4 I-59 |. GT- 08 %-|% eee ¥6P 49h. "2 .s i wae ata! 
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40-01 | L4-8L | 00-8 pg 9F-8E | Z-G9ZT | 16- ema POAC 6& 9% re Laoycy ostoy [eLoy ‘opeslig 

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United 
Kingdom. 


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rset, eis id 4 ee as qehox Jo sorusdurop Jo [230], 
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08-2 T ov ee ee es aA eo ee ee oe oe yserngy 
° €0- T T I L ee PZ 8g ee oe 2° oe oe aATPUIOYS 
Pos 26-41 | OF-IL | 68-1S | OT-4L | 04S % 1994 | &S-T i Sg ne Gkie 1s vas YIOOy 
x eo.ze | st |e | F [es | 888 geet [o° 88 UBB. 
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> le OP-Z °° oe oo ° OF —S ee a oe oe oe MOSSBLY, 
4 : ~ ‘: seouSug teow 
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weg | sg | & z. z Bl ee] gp (El BE le] BE | og 
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jousrapyy: puc-ugqng. | 68-61 |. 19-91} Se-2h] 9T-26|.6-%.| L088. | Z9-08.|.6z) so |. °° |.e | eos | 449 |5 fis ae 


‘ ‘qooq pus 
‘wuTqu pus “opun¢y ‘oye], eo: Salles “Ug 481 
_eqge-enop fanfemmayg pae ation mogf| 8-8T | 96-01) 0-08] 76-81] g6+TT] T-6TS! | Lost | 4 | 9 | °*) 9 | THF | BOF 11 oom ser 
: AIgweyay 
(ons tas ee ee Se OE: SS Se ee a! eS ee ee 
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= : 63-6E | 29. ST] ¥6-ZP) 8-61} GO-O1| $+ ZI8 | 69-6ze| Gor] FS | ST | TH | ver] Ore's i 
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| pubs Sopaeyy ge-eyor < zogpuria but popuor [| O86T | $0-St| O8- TF ce-s2| e¢-8 | &194 | TI-o8| Ar] 9 |e | F “+ ag pag 
Fai “yoysito B pue ‘Lopae) 
a ye “sop cond Bo connote ena 00-41 | ¥S-S1| 60-28] 9-82] GS-6 | 4-964. | 6T-46,} 12) 4 |T | 9 prs Ug, 9ST 
ee : : ; ‘sp WL S1008 
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A Lope yu “gop Loyrjousoyg pue uopuoy | Fe.41 | 63-FT] ET-6e] €9-€8] AP-9 | -0z8 | 98-08 | 98) 9 | T | > +? EST 
a \ “SPH “UIPTOD,- 
a vi Se  uopuorg- | 7.60 | ¢t-6tl-9p- ae] 4-91] 91-F1]| 0-166 | 94-07 | SE] IE |S £6 | O44 | 244 |** “tea pas 
-gstouoxg Jo dureg pure ‘nopuoy | Gg-8T | PL-PT| 88-0F| 9Z-OT| 99-3 | & Tos | ogMte'|s8 |Z |“ [s | s29 | 084 |** wa pus 
be ‘uopuoTy puvuyqng | $21 | 88-PE) 42. 0F| 20-6 | SL-91| 6478. | SO. 1S Ae |} SE | 6. |-889) | 944 ei ‘UE, 8ST 
} : ‘sp ‘UoTEp 
E skeq | she | : spaeng 4oosr. 
SS Hm aa NG al ean at a | oc avn SU a aa 
> a i) he is} b Pte hb Set —Olne. > a 
ze 6 = 5 o 5 
peace 212/21 £ LES lel Es) | BE| 23 
gee (ES | eS epee Pe ee ee | ee 
"SUOTIBIG a ee a | go | 8 a eee eee | Be pee OR 
sel ash’ re Pairs [bot ar P ie , ‘SpoULLsoyy 
| fe ae 7] i + 5 
-e| BE Sa septs S SPOEGE es Bl 
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at 


United 
ingdom. 


27 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


~ 


United 
Kingdom, 


*XoqowO Wp 07 Arenuvpyst mor’ § ‘reqmojdog- 4sTz 07 Arenuer yey: wor 
krenuep 48Te 07 487 wor f "1040490 ST 0} Arenuep sy Mol » 
‘ r ; Re LX 
‘sxouofduoy, pue yseang | Og.ST | 8O-TT] o8-08| 28-92] ** | €- G09 | os-4T| eT] °° ong ae © 
\ 9 oa 
? Be diss aka ei Bliss Tug pz 
UByye - 83 . . . A 
meyO | ZeSt | 09-6} Te-92 T-etg | 00-8 94 { a aS 
“4x0dsoxy “yoyszo LT 4 SG- , : 3 ; z “ad IST 
yodsoy Goystopry | 00-4E | SI-BI| 23-88] 84-82] 66-9 | &-8T4 | 00.6T | eT | > rahe { Goa aot 
‘Ymomoucy ® yop ‘ proyoyg pur yoysxopry | ge-9b | Z9-TI} €8- Te o6- P| 9-9 | g-604 | 9T-6T|6 | F Z09 { iene 
: “‘SNSIOFPOILAH 4B EEPHS, 
‘gop ‘ostoaoxg jo durep ysezjog ‘yynourd tg [| 8: SE | 19-91) 88-05 05-42) 68-4 | &-986 | 06-96 | FI | € Me { 40071 UPL 
‘SMES 98 “yop f4oyssopry ‘MoBsepy | TT.8t | e4- ST] OT-eh| ZO- Te] 96-3 | T-298 | st-6s| 12 | z 419 { hooeectee 
‘wopuLg ye pue jeySnoX ye “sop £y209 | T¢6.2r | TT ZT] 6T-ge] 02-62] 86-1 | 9-886 | 94-97 | ot | T 20s { ia 
“40820 ¢ J . A » SZ . s 8 fcc pug . 
goystopty | ¢z.gt '| 28-81] L8-4e| SP-92| 9-9 | ¥ 294 | oz:ee | ot | > oP, { Roo 
"LAAO Due JOUSAe Ci . . . . . 'e } Tg PU 
Cpu sousiapry | €9-9T | SI-€T) ZO-98| 90- Ts] Z2-2 | 2-064 | 9F-02 | 62 | g9¢ { eo cnae 
“roysoTPJOQ pur goyssopry | 69-21 | E8-FT| 93-6] FO- 69] 94-F1] 0-018 | 8% Iz | Ze | 8 ars { qenaae 
“‘soysxopry ‘Lowzag | 76.pT | TO-€T| $9. ee] 6e-8z] 91-9 | 0-128 | 29-28 | 2a | F ohL { Gani 
“UNE pus “zoysoyp[og “toaoqe | L4.Zt | 16-FT| $8. OF| 08-Ze| ST-g | g-Z9TT | 99-e2 | ET | € LS { aoe 
“AOA, Pur qoyssepryr | FILL. | 90-ST| ZO-ee} L4-L1) 9F-99| Peesa | py-0%| IL] » ce i. dood 0" 
“oopME F “op fyormfoors, pus yoysiapry: | Zp~OL. | POsOT| VI-4z] 8-22], 00-8:| 9-109 | HF-08.| 6t | 9 ew it oe ae 
“410d 489 MA: pues eqoumyeg: “eure ; : | { 3 : Ug, pugs 
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Bum. | 19-61 | e1-8T] 66-98] ep-98| 24-01] 8-699 | 9z-9T | ar} ¢ | “|e | ete | oor /4 %,LPTe 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


28 


"sy10,T Jaodsoxy 4B *syop £ esto 
19x jo dmvp ‘reysoyouryy “Aoumoy 4107 
‘pueyaog ye “yop £ 4aodsox) 
‘astoroxry jo dumeg pure “42toduoAe, 
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‘S07 pus ‘yJNOMIS}1OT 


“JOYSIPLY “LoysoT UBT 
“qynoumuky, ye “yep £40ysrepry ‘PPwSTS 


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FO. Tg} 06-91] €9- | 999 | FO-SS | ST 
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08: £8] ¢z- 48] Sy-4 | 0-144. | 08-08.) 06 
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geo {°° “amos 
S19. || °° ees 

oe “ce i 
OT + TALS: 


LLG \** 400T WI9S 
x Ug pug 
Gooy W398 
‘ug pug 
007 W9hS 
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JOO7T page: 
“ug IST 
‘joo, pugg: 
‘ug pug 
007 81S 
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ae 
ae 
a © 
§ 08 
da 3 “OW 
SP | ‘squounSoy 
5 
g 
©. 
Ee 


29 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


— 


United 
Kingdom. 


“raquTedeq 4STe 03 TAdy WITT Wory |, 
*OQUIOAONT 4ST 07 ATenuve 4s, Wory || 


‘ysvimy pue soumey 
‘uoserg pu JOYysLoplLV 
amos | 
‘ayery, “FIO ye ‘syop ‘squBvAeqyng j 

‘oopuncy pure “LoyeTTeg ‘MossBLO 
‘MBTUELDH 4B ‘sqyep f aB10044 410,47 ‘YsInquIpA 
"Yomnquipa ‘oA0(, 

“plojqoye MA pue ‘TeysnoX 4104 O|SI 
“IBD ‘O[esUTY ye ‘sjop $yI0Q pu YOLMTOOAA 
“WIRY IBYO 

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“UOJ “4sezpog ye ‘syop ‘ ysermp pue ATMA NT 
“yOYsIopTy ‘qynours,10g 
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pue 


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‘oulyMoqmusyy ye ‘sjop { Aouseq pue cor 
*‘POOMToIeyY PUB “YOIMOO MA “ssom } 
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‘astoraxgy Jo dureg yoyssepry “y10dsoxy 


oe err eeTery, “410K, 
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United 
Kingdom. 


32 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


The health results mn troops which returned from India during the year, . 
are grouped separately in the following Table (all arms being combined) :— ~ 


BS Ratio per 1,000 of ne 8 oy 

an Strength. i) BO 

a> 48 a 

ler} . 3° 1 

es gy ca as eis | oe oe 

tp ae ro a0 ta = ro RN weed] &s Ff 

eel lg ta Be |e fe el ee | Bee 

24 8 1S PEU 8158 | a 1 elie | eee 
n 4 /Al/8}] 4 + a 4 A | < 

Days. | Days. 


1,928} 1,688 | 14 |122) 80°99 875 °5| 7°26] 63°28] 42°01) 15°33 | 17°51 


Relation of the Prevalence of Sickness to Age. 


The admissions into hospital at different ages, and the rates per 1,000 of . 
the strength, are shown in the following Table :— 


a IS 


Under 20 20 and 25 and 30 and 35 and 40 and 
* | under 25. under 30. under 35, under 40. upwards. 


Admitted into 
Hospital. 
Admitted into 
Hospital. 
Admitted into 
- Hospital. 
Admitted into 

Hospital. _ 
Admitted into 
Hospitat 
Admitted into 
Hospital. 


Strength. 
Strength 
Strength. 
Strength. 
Strength. 
Strength. 


15,031} 13,221] 29, 525] 27,630| 15,717| 10,622} 9,598|4,848 | 12,458] 6,061 | 3,861 | 2,814 


SO | | 
; 879°6 954°1 676°5 505°1 486°5 7288 


Rate per 1,000 
of Strength 


Except in one important particular, the rates in the present year are in 
very close accordance with the corresponding ones for 1875 ; the nonconformity 
is in the group of ages under 20, which gave the highest rate of admissions in 
the preceding year, but in the present year gives only the second highest. 


VACCINATION. 


The following Table shows the condition as to vaccination of recruits found 
fit for the service on primary inspection by Army Medical Officers. No infor- 


mation is available respecting those primarily inspected by Civil Medical 
Practitioners :— : 


Number of Recruits 


found fit for the ee Ka 
Service. Pa 
Flad marks of yaccinatioi iis ao 20,437 916 °4 
Had marks of smallpox .. “ 3 1,138 51:0 
Had neither marks of vaccitiation nor ; ; Pee: 
smallpox ve an an } a 3 . 
Tota! ae - a ae 22,302 1,000 -0 


REPORT FOR 1876. 33 


The pe rortien under. the different heads correspond very closely with United 
those of last year. There is a slight increase in the ratio of recruits with Kingdom. - 
marks of vaccination, and a decrease in those with neither marks of vaccina- 
tion nor smallpox. 4 

The following Table, compiled from the monthly vaccination returns, shows 
the number of soldiers vaccinated during the year, with the proportions per 
1,000 of successful vaccinations and failures, when vaccinated with fresh or 
preserved lymph :— : ; 


Fresh Lymph. Preserved Lymph. 


No. of | Ratio per 
Cases. 1,000. 


No. of Ratio per 
Cases. 1,000. 


A perfect vaccine yesicle .. .. 4,717 455 °4 5,346 309°6 
A modified ditto .- on we 4,400 424 °8 6,432 872°4 
Afailure  .. ve oe = 1,241 119 °8 5,491 318 °0 


2 ee SS) ee 


10,358 1000-0 


17,269 | 1000-0 


The large increase in the number of vaccinations is due to the enlistment 
of a greater number of recruits. There is an increase in the proportion of 
perfect vesicles among those vaccinated with fresh lymph, and an increase in 
the proportion of perfect vesicles and failures among those vaccinated with ° 
preserved lymph. 


HOME STATIONS. 


SANITARY REPORT. 


Aldershot. 


Surgeon-General. Grant reports, that “in a sanitary point of view, there © 
have been no defects to call for any particular notice ; suggestious were, 
however, made in the estimates for some additions and improvements. The 
conservancy of the camp and barracks is well attended to. 

“The following sanitary improvements are in course of execution, and will be 
completed early in the current year :—The reconstruction of waste water pipes 
from sinks to sewer ; addition of six water-closets to hospital huts, North Camp ; 
and the ventilation of soil pipes. 

“Tf the admissions which took place in the month of July, during the 
mobilization of the 2nd Army Corps, be included, the total admissions will be 
11,130, which are then less than in 1875, and calculated from this mean 
strength, the millesimal ratio is as follows :— : 


1875. 1876 
Admissions eee ie ay beats 902°1 844-7 
Death from all causes __.... eae 6°7 6:0 
Constantly sick _.... ma esis ee 52°5 43:0 : 
Mean duration to each man ee 13'0 14:2 
Invalids .... a5 Sg 39°4 SBS) 


«This epitome represents almost all that may be said regarding the health of 
the troops; the past year contrasts favourably with 1875 in the three first and 
last headings. ; 

“One admission for smallpox occurred in a man of the Royal Engineers ; the ° 
patient bore distinct marks of vaccination and re-vaccination; the disease was 
so mild in form that comment is unnecessary. 


United 
Kingdom. 


34 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
_  Accommedation.~The Permanent Barracks are occupied by the Royal Horse 
Artillery, Field Battéries, and three Cavalry and threé Infantry Regiments. 

“The Huts, SouthCamp, are occupied by the Royal Engineers, Army Service 
Corps, Army Hospital Corps, and four Regiments of Infantry; hin . 

“he Huts, North Camp, aie occupied by four Regiments of Infantry. 

“There has been no overcrowding ; the average number occupying each hut 
has been 15. The situation of the huts, their stricture, mode of ventilation 
condition and general surroundings render them ill adapted for petinaiient 
quarters for troops. a ; , 

“The Hospital accommodation is sufficient ; for a short time in the summer, 
a few marquees have to be brought into use for trivial cases. 

“The water supply has been good and abundant in the Permanent Barracks, 
in the Huts, South Camp, from reservoirs and wells, and in the North Camp 
from wells only. ; 

* Ablutions—Water is laid on by. pipes in the South Camp and Permanent 
Barracks; in the North Camp from wells, It has been recommended that hot 
water be laid on, and also an additional bath to each ablution room provided 5 
this has been under consideration for some time. ; 

“The Rations are good ; bread and meat only are now supplied from thé 
Commissariat ; since the 1st April the other things necessary for messing have 
been obtained by contract regimentally. ; 

 Oooking.—Dean’s patent isin use ; the dinners are varied,—baked, stewed 
and soups. s 

“ Clothing.~ Good and suitable ; no change during the year. 

_ “The Gymnasium is attended compulsorily by young officers and soldiers 5 
also well attended voluntarily. 

“ Medical Officers speak of it favourably, and of the beiieficial results to 
recruits. 

“'The Latrines are on Jennings’ principle in the Permanent Barracks and 
South Camp, on the dry-earth system in the North Camp, 

“The station sustains its character for health and salubrity, more so than 
most parts of England.” 


Eastern District. 

Deputy Surgeon-General Best reports; “that in the early months, when, as 
usually observed, cold easterly winds, not unfrequently accompanied by snow, 
sleet or rain, prevailed, theré was a good deal of sickness, though not of a very 
Serious nature, chiefly from sore throats, bronchial affections, and rheumatism; 
otherwise the general health of the troops was very satisfactory, and the same 
remark applies to the married families, with the exception of a rather severe 
outbreak of méasles among children, at Watley, in the month of Jiné, In 
last year’s report allusion was made to troops, atriving at home from India in 
the depth of winter, being sent to such exposed stations as Coléliester and 
Warley, and further experience only tends to confirm the opinion then given, 
viz.,the desirability, if practicable, of quartering them in more sheltered localities, 
until the summer season has fairly set in. With regard to barracks, hospitals, 
and subsidiary buildings, the accommodation has been all that could be desired, 
and their sanitary condition has been carefully attended to. ‘There is still, 
however, much need of better accommodation at Norwich and Great Yarmouth 
for the families of married soldiers. At the latter station, also, the drainage is 
defective, and must continue to be so as the barracks are now situated. Iwould 
again advocate the inttoduction of the ‘dry-earth system into the Camp at 
Colchester, the present thethod being objectionable and more or léss fnsanitary. 
The results of an analysis of the well water in the Camp, in the early part of the 
year, were not so satisfactory as could be desired. Sanitary precautions were 
therefore at once carried out; it may, however, be mentioned that no sickness 
traceable to the use of this water had been previously observed, nor has any 
been noted since. ; 

“The following are among the most noteworthy sanitary works and improve= 
ments that have been carried out during the past year :— 


REPORT FOR 1876. 35 


“ Colchester, Cavalry Barracks.—Uarge sized ventilating grates have been United 
substituted throughout the right wing for the old pattern stove, and have given Kiagdom. 
satisfaction. .. . vb 

_ *Sundry additions and alterations have beén made to the drainage, &., by 
ventilation under various points noted in W. O. Memo. on subject of preven- 
tion of escape of sewerage gas into buildings; improved water supply for 
officers’ quarters, staft sergeants’ quarters and canteen; the wastes from all 
sinks in the barracks now discharge into the open air, and ventilation has 
been provided for soil pipes throughout the men’s barracks and officers’ 
quarters. | a iS ‘ : 

__ “ Artillery Barracks—Paved beats have been provided for sentries. Properly 
trapped sinks have replaced the basins in the passages of officers’ quarters. 

“Camp Huts—In D Lines a covered space has been provided for parading 
under in wet weather; ventilation has been provided to the drains at the 
infants’ school and hospital. : 

“ Warley.—In all the .barrack-rooms additional windows—a gréat improve- 

mént as regards both light and ventilation—have been provided. _ 
_. “More accommodation has been provided for troops in the barracks by 
convertirig the old canteen into four and the old gymnasium itito three rooms. 
. “A commodious canteen has been provided by utilizing a detached house, 
formerly officers’ mess. : ; 

- Gale baths, ablution rooms, célls, latrines and urinals have been 

royided. at : : d 
: “ Tyswich.—Ventilating shafts have been attached to thé stables and a wash- 
stand for private ablution has been provided for the use of the men of the 
Royal Artillery. : : 3 
“ As usual, venereal disease has contributed largely to the general amount of 


sickness. I am not; however, aware that it is on the increase; and it is 
satisfactory to be again able to report most favourably upon the salutary 
ffect of the Contagious Diseases Act at Colchester, the only station in the 

istrict where it is in operation. A very good account can be given of the 
advantages derived from the well-conducted course of gymnastic training at 
Colchester and Warley, more especially observable among young soldiers and 
recruits.’ 


ws 


South-Hastern District. 


Deputy Surgeon-General Watt reports :— 

“The health of the troops in the South-Hastern District during the year 
1876 has been very satisfactory. They have enjoyed a remarkable immunity 
from diseases of an infectious nature ; ‘only three cases have occurred, viz., one 
of scarlet fever, and two of measles. 

_. “Several cases of smallpox have been reported among the civil population 
at various places in the district, but none have occurred among the military. 

“A few cases of scarlet fever appeared among the children of soldiers at 
Newhaven in the early part of the year; measles also prevailed among. the 
children at Chichester, and to a considerable extent among those at Dover. 
Nearly all the patients, however, made a good recovery. 

“ Medical officers continue to report the beneficial influence of gymnastic 
training on those who have passed through a course. They unanimously 
record their opinion that the physique and muscular development of the men 
are much improved thereby: 

“The Contagious Diseases Acts are in operation at four stations. There 
has been a decrease of primary syphilis at Dover ; also of gonorrhoea at Dover, 
Canterbury, and Maidstone ; an increase of primary syphilis at Canterbury and 
Maidstone, and of both affections at Shorneliffe. The increase at the latter 
place can probably be accounted for by the fact that many of. the cases were 
from regiments (such as the Foot Guards) which came from unprotected 
stations. I must reiterate my opinion that these enactments exercise a salu- 
tary influence on the health of the soldier, a view in which I am supported 
by nearly all the medical officers in the Command. 


United 
Kingdom. 


36 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


“The following remarks are applicable to individual stations in the South- 
Eastern District :— a 

“ Dover—With regard to the recommendations alluded to in previous 
Reports as to the necessity for providing accommodation for infectious diseases 
among soldiers, a women’s hospital, and quarters for the Army Hospital Corps, 
I would again strongly urge their provision. 

~“T have recommended that porches should be provided for the doors of the 
hospital huts, Western Heights, to prevent the rain beating into the passages ; 
i eee desirable that these huts should be fitted with shelves for the patients’ 
clothing. 

“ Shorncliffe—The same remarks apply to this station as to Dover, relative 
to the provision of an infectious hospital for women and children. No steps 
have yet been taken for the erection of a suitable building for this purpose. 

“ During the year improvements have been effected in the main drainage of 
the Camp ; new barracks have been erected, and.anew latrine has been added 
to the Artillery quarters. The other latrines are i the same condition as 
noted in last year’s report, and the remarks therein concerning them are appli- 
cable at present. 

“ Canterbwry.—New barracks have been erected in the Cavalry Square, and 
taken into occupation. : : 

“The whole of the drainage, whieh was defective, has undergone repair and 
alteration, and I expect that much improvement will be effected thereby. 

“ Brighton.—A nuisance was caused by the establishment of a depdt for the 
storage of manure opposite the barracks, A representation was made to the 
local ey authorities, and in consequence of their action the nuisance was 
removed. 

“ Chichester.—Water has been laid on from the town waterworks, and gas 
has been recently introduced into the barracks with great advantage. The 
Artillery stables at this station are being converted into barrack rooms for the 
use of the Militia, ’ 

i a other stations the sanitary conditions do not call for any special 
remark.’ : 


Chatham. 


Deputy Surgeon-General Auchinleck reports that “the health of the 
troops in the Chatham District has been fairly good during the past year. 
There have been no epidemics, nor has there been much serious disease. 
Smallpox has shown itself twice during the year, but did not spread; it is 
still prevalent in the towns of Chatham and Rochester, but the troops continue 
to enjoy exemption, a proof, if any were needed, of the protection afforded by 
re-vaccination, 

“ Venereal diseases have largely prevailed, and the latter half of the year 
shows a considerable increase in the numbers affected with this disorder. 'Two 
of the regiments in the garrison have come from unprotected stations, and the 


number of recruits constantly joining is considerable, in many of whom the 


disease manifests itself soon after their arrival, showing that they have probably 
contracted it elsewhere. The stations in the district are under “the Act,” 
Soldiers are however constantly going away for short leave to London and 
other places. 

“The rations have been invariably reported by the medical officers as good ; 
the meat is, as has been often said before, too small in quantity for young men 
actively employed ; when the bone is removed, and the meat, has been cooked, 
from the $1b. allowed per man scarcely six ounces remain. 

“The cooking arrangements are generally good, and have undergone no 
change. . 

“Water supply is also favourably reported on. , 

“At my half-yearly inspection I noted several matters which seemed to 
require special attention, and brought them at an early date to the notice of 
the military authorities. 

“To these representations replies of a generally satisfactory nature were 
‘given, and the defects will be remedied in the course of time. 


REPORT FOR 1876. 37 


“T also drew attention to the want ofa drill shed for the men at St. Mary’s United 
Barracks ; this however is a work requiring a special grant of funds. Kingdom. 

‘In the Brompton Barracks there is a gymnasium in which the troops 
undergo a regular course of training ; the medical officers speak favourably of 
the effects of this course on the men’s health and physique generally. There 
is no aan at Gravesend or Sheerness. 

“The following is a list of sanitary services executed by the Royal Engineers 
during the year that is past :— “ 

“ Chatham, Brompton Barracks.—Drainage improved ; kitchens in servants’ 
rooms ventilated ; latrines provided at Royal Engineers’ Institute; and dry- 
ing room constructed in each of the four ablution rooms, with other minor 
services, 

“Chatham Barracks.—Sinks and water supply to kitchens in officers’ 
quarters provided ; also four iron ash bins. 

“Gravesend, Tilbury Fort—Drainage and water supply improved; the 
system of sewerage changed to glazed earthernware pipe drains. 

“ Milton Barracks.—Separate cisterns to all waterclosetsand latrines fixed ; 
traps and drains ventilated, and wastes from sinks and cisterns altered. 

“ Sheerness Garrison.—Wastes of sinks disconnected ; main sewers, guard- 
rooms, and quarters ventilated ; latrines to quarters, guard-rooms, cells, &c., 
converted into Goux’s latrines: water laid on to urinals at the main guard ; 
iron ash bins provided at Station Hospital ; and a new well shaft bored ‘to 
~ obtain a new supply of water. 

“ A number of works have been proposed for execution in 1877.” 


Warlvish. 


Deputy Surgeon-General Small reports:— . 

“The general health of the troops has been on the whole satisfactory. 
There has been a slight increase in the actual number of “ sick and inefficient” 
as against the previous year. ; 

“ Regarding the number of admissions for minor wounds and accidents, it 
may be remarked that these are inseparable from the nature of the duties of 
the Artillery arm of the service; and the large number of admissions from 
skin diseases is explained apparently by the great number of recruits which 
have been added to the strength during the year, as certain forms of skin 
disease are common amongst them. ‘The admissions for venereal disease con- 
tinue to cause a great deal of inefficiency, being equal to about one-sixth of the 
entire admissions. I regret I have nothing new to add to the remarks which 
were furnished last year by my predecessor upon this subject, as I fully accept 
his views in regard to the great difficulties which exist in Woolwich against 
the better prevention of this evil. 

“The largest mortality has occurred among the troops from diseases of the 
respiratory system ; and there is a circumstance, in connection with diseases 
ofthe chest generally, which I am desirous of bringing prominently to notice, 
namely, the predisposition to contract these affections amongst those soldiers 
who return here after long service in India, and whose constitutions are 
more or less impaired by the climatic diseases of that country. 

“This was remarkable in the men of the 23rd Brigade, Royal Artillery, 
during the year, and, according to the reports of my predecessors, a similar 
experience was gained from observation of the men of the 18th Brigade, Royal 
Artillery, who occupied the garrison under the same condition in the previous 
year, viz., after a previous prolonged tour of Indian service. My limited 
experience has impressed me with the belief that, military reasons permitting, 
it would be more beneficial to the State and soldier were such men on first 
arrival in England quartered elsewhere, at Aldershot, for instance. 

“Referring to the different forms of fever by which the admissions into 
hospital haye been occasioned, it will be observed that typhus and typhoid fevers 
have occurred but very infrequently, while, on the other hand,- intermittent 
fever accounts for more than a third of the entire number, and the attacks are 


United 
Kingdom. 


38 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


reported to have taken place for the most part in men €ither recently home 
from India, or with considerable previous Indian service. 

“TJ should not have alluded to this except in connection with the previous 

uestion, namely, the propriety of quartering soldiers at Woolwich during their 
first year’s service at home. igs 

~«T am unable to add anything to the remarks of my predecessors upon the 
subject of ventilation, cooking, drainage, accommodation and sanitary condi- 
tion of barracks, camps and quarters, except that everything appears to 
receive proper attention. I am anxious, however, to see some improvements 
carried out in the Herbert Hospital,for the better treatment of disease, and which 
might be effected without much difficulty or expense. From the size of the 
wards, their mode of ventilation, and extent of window surface, it has been found 
that the heat falls very quickly, and although there are two stoves they appear 
inadequate to maintain the ward temperature at the uniform standard so 
desirable in the treatment of pulmonary affections. Almost eyery other class 
of disease seems to do well in the wards. I haye forwarded and recommended 
an application from the medical officerin charge to have one of the present 
wards heated with hot water coils, and this recommendation is now under the 
consideration of the authorities. Again, the wards themselves are very noisy ; 
the present polished oak floors resound to a painful degree when walked upon, 
A strip of matting, extending along the foot of the beds from one end of the 
ward to the other, would effect a great improvement in this respect. 

“he following are the principal sanitary services in course of progress 
or carried into effect during the year :— ines 

“1gt. The old latrines at the camp on the common have been pulled down, 
and new latrines have been put up on M‘Farlane’s principle, to be flushed 
with water. 

“ond. Barracks and Officers’ quarters generally.—Separate cisterns are 
being gradually provided, so as to separate the supply of water for drinking 
and cooking from that for flushing waterclosets. Wastes from cisterns are 
being made to flow into the open, and soil-pipes are being ventilated. About 
one-fifth of the work was completed during the past year. 
~ “A -number of sanitary recommendations haye been made during the 
period embraced in this report.” 


Southern District. 


Surgeon-General Bowen reports :— 

“he general health of the troops in the Southern District has been 
extremely good, and no particular causes can be pointed out as having 
affected the health of the men in any way. There is a marked difference in 
the number of cases of venereal disease admitted in those places where the 
Contagious Diseases Act is in force, and those where it is not. I would 
instance especially Parkhurst and Portland. j 

“JT have not noticed any sanitary defects that have not already been 
reported, and which are now either in progress of improvement or under consi- 
deration. The great difficulty in many places in this district arises from the 
low and level nature of the ground, which offers great difficulty to proper 
drainage in the vicinity of many of the barracks and forts; nevertheless 
during the past year there has been but very little disease that could be 
attributed to malaria. : 

“There is a general opinion amongst medical officers of experience, in 
which I concur, that the meat ration of the soldier is not sufficient, 
especially when he is employed on public works, as-is very much the case here. 
I think that at least a quarter of a pound of meat more, or something equi- 
valent, should be given, at any rate when the men are employed at hard work. 
~The leading sanitary improvements have been as follows, and the general 
state of the different barracks and their vicinity is fairly good in a sanitary 
point of view :— 

“ Cambridge Barracks.—Sinks for carrying away slops haye been provided 
for the married soldiers’ quarters, ee , 


REPORT FOR 1876. 39 
Gun Wharf Barracks.—Foot-baths, with hot water supply provided. 
“ Hemale Hospital. A new washhouse has been erected. 
& Gymnasium, Portsmouth.—New latrine and urinal erected. 
- “Gosport Station Hospital—The drainage of the officers’ quarters im; 
proved. 


ed, 
“ Gosport New Barracks.—Guard-room enlarged. 
“ Winchester Barracks.—Stone instead of wooden floors haye been provided 
for the men’s latrines, and the ventilation improved. CAs, 
~ * Ohristchurch Barracks.—Urinal for the men has been erected at the hack 
of the store. 
©“ Tilsea Barracks.—Improved trapping to the drains, and connection of 
some of the Government buildings with the general drainage system. 
_ ©The training of men at the gymnasium has been undoubtedly of great 
advantage to them, and the number of accidents has been by no means large, 
as there is great care exercised by the instructors in the training of the men. 
~ T consider that it would be a great adyantage if the Contagious Diseases 
Act were brought into operation at Portland and Weymouth, and at Cowes and 
Newport... = 
ah Scarlet fever was preyalent amongst the civil population at Southsea and 
- Portsmouth, and there were a few cases amongst the soldiers’ children, and six 
cases amongst the troops. 
“Your cases of enteric fever are recorded. Three or four cases of the same 

disease appeared amongst the women and children at Hilsea ; these were traced 
to the use ot water from a well which had been forbidden, and whieh has since 


been closed entirely.” 


Netley. 

-Surgeon-General Massy, C.B., premises that in consequence of his having 
so recently assumed charge as Principal Medical Officer of the Royal Victoria 
Hospital, it was impossible for him to enter into the working and other details 
of mie large establishment from his own practical knowledge. 

An abstract of the Registrar’s Annual Report and Returns for the year 


= 


1876, shows :— 


I. Invazips. 


Discharged. 


es ab 
og : aia hes : oslo o 
LEG x, z S lS.a 8) £31.50... 
ano q a Py Bala LS 
B2u| 36 Ae ESS 2 Beas 
pa) sake Poa ae |pa 
Foreign Stations 1,377 | 1,125 3 56 
Sent for change 5 36 1 1 


II. Errzcrive Troors. 
1 pe 
a qm 
gies os es eS 
— D ae ee - S = 
Peelers) 8e| 3) | 2 lee? 
Eada o8! ds & La o 8 
Jq 3@igmslaa} A | & | 8 ema 
Army Hospital Corps .. 131-1 3 60 4% 53 3 5) 
Army Service Corps ., 24 1 10 ui Ol at: 1 
Time Expired Depét .. 1799 | 14 155 5 122 2 40 
Staff... ze an 4, Ke “e fe ; is as 


* Two died in Hospital, and two out of Hospital. 


United 
Kingdom. 


United 
Kingdom. 


* 


40 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT | 


“ Although there is but little difference in the number of foreign invalids 
admitted compared with the previous year, viz., 2,270 in 1875 and 2,472 in 
1876, the number discharged the service was much greater in the latter than 
the former; 957 having been found unfit for service in 1875, and1,377 in 1876. 

“‘ The number of deaths was greater in 1875 than 1876 ; 51 invalids having 
died in the former year and only 38 in the latter, being in the ratio per 1,000 
respectively of 21°77 and 14°62. 

“ Arrival of Invalids.—It would appear that the Indian invalids arrived in 
1876, during February, March, April and May, and a few in June, by which 
the accommodation in the hospital was less severely strained than in some of 
the previous years, when the arrival of invalids from India was spread over a 
shorter period ; nevertheless, even during 1876, men were disposed of direct 
from Portsmouth without coming here, in consequence of want of room in this 
hospital.” 

x Army Hospital Corps.—Since I assumed charge in November last, the 
Army Hospital Corps has been about thirty helow the strength at this station, 
and the consequence has been that the hospital has not been, in point of cleanli- 
ness, tidiness, and regularity, all that I have been accustomed to in military 
hospitals. Since the termination of the school session the servants of the can- 
didates have been available, and the state of the hospital has improved in these 
respects.” 

“ Water supply.—There has not been any change that I am aware of. I 
visited the reservoir from which the water for ablution purposesisderived. It 
is about a mile and a half from the hospital, its chief feeder is a spring about one 
and a half miles further ; the stream is a small one, and I believe is perennial. 
I imagine, if the artesian wells in the hospital grounds failed, that the supply 
could be augmented by some structural alterations from the former source. 

“T am informed by the engineer in charge of the water supply, that he can 
provide 70,000 gallons a day. If this can be provided summer and winter, and 
the water is at all seasons good, it ought to be enough. 

“ Provisions.—All articles supplied are carefully and regularly inspected, 
The tea is examined in the laboratory and compared with the approved 
sample. With the exception of the potatoes, which were for a short time 
when I first came here not so good as they should have been, all the articles 
supplied have heen since my arrival of excellent quality. ; 

“ Canteen.—The canteen seems well managed. 

“ Cooking.—This has been unchanged, and seems in all respeets satisfac- 
tory. I have frequently inspected the cook-house, and the arrangements 
daily carried out. i 

“ Drainage.—I have not discovered anything wrong in this respect, but 
cannot speak confidently of the details, from the fact that I have not been 
long enough here to do so. 

“ Female Hospital.—l believe this small building has answered its purpose, 
but it is not calculated to meet all the requirements of such an institution.” 

Surgeon-General Massy, adverting to the difficulty of providing accommo- 
dation for cases of contagious disease, strongly urges that provision should be 
made in the estimates for building a new women’s hospital, the existing 
one being appropriated for contagious diseases. In summer all such cases 
could be placed in tents, but in winter it would be impracticable to do so. 


Northern District. 


Deputy Surgeon-General Fogo reports :— 

“The chief causes cf sickness_in the Northern District during the 
year haye been diseases of the air passages, accidents, and venereal 
affection. ‘ 

“ Smallpox has given 9 adinissions, and considering that the disease has 
been prevailing for most of the year in the large towns of Manchester and 
Salford, Liverpool, Preston, Sheffield and Bradford, where troops are stationed, 
it is a source of satisfaction that so few cases have occurred. 

“here have been 4 admissions and 1 death from typhoid fever. 


REPORT FOR 1876. A] 


“Some of the barracks and hospitals are of very old construction, barely gyizeg 
coming up to the required accommodation, and the necessities of light and Kingdom, 
ventilation. ; 

“The worst barracks are at Leeds and Sunderland ; the worst hospitals at 
Leeds, Sunderland, Northampton and Burnley. : 

“The situations in Leeds and Sunderland are objectionable. 

“At Burnley & new ward is being added to the old hospital. 

“At Northampton new barracks for the brigade depét are just finished, and 
a new hospital has been included in the estimates for 1878-79. 

“At Mewcastle-on-Tyne two new wards have been added to the old 
hospital, and the accommodation now is very good. 

“ At Carlisle the garrison cells are very bad from want of ventilation and 
deficiency of light 

« At Sunderland nearly everything is bad. 

“At Fleetwood the school accommodation has been represented as insufficient 
and insanitary—the room is below the level of the ground. Steps are being 
taken to provide a new schoolroom. 

“At the Hutment Barracks a lock-up room is required as additional 
accommodation to the guard-room. 

- “At Weedon the schoolroom is too small. » 

“At Warwick new barracks and hospital have been occupied by the newly- 
formed 28th Depot Brigade. 

“ At Liverpool representations have been made of the want of sufficient 
latrine and urinal accommodation at Rupert House hired barrack, as well as ‘of 
the very inferior ablution and bath-room. 

“At Chester improvements have been carried out in the latrines and 
-drains, é 

“ Diet.—Now that the Army is composed wholly of young soldiers, it is 
re ee desirable the meat ration should be increased to 1 1b. (inclusive 
of bone). i 

“Water Supply.—All stations, except Weedon, are supplied with water 
from the local Corporations and Companies. ~ 

“Samples of the well water at Weedon have been analysed at Netley, and 
proved to be good and wholesome water. : 

“ Samples of the Corporation supply at Leeds were also submitted to analysis 
at Netley, but as the results differed from those of a chemist employed by the 
Corporation,§the examination is now being repeated. 

* Gymnasia.—There are two gymnasia in the Northern District, at Salford 
and Preston ; the reports from regiments are highly in favour of the training 
not only for developing the physical condition, but invigorating the constitu- 
tional powers of the men.” 


e 


North British District. 


Deputy Surgeon-General Furlong reports that “there has been no 
epidemic disease, and that no particular cause of disease has been noticed 
by medical officers in charge of troops; although there were more men 
actually sick in 1876, the diseases were of a less fatal character than in 1875. 

“Five cases of enteric fever occurred, two at Piershill, two (one fatal) at 
Glasgow, and one (fatal) at Perth ; no connection existed between the cases at 
the first-named station. 

“ Barracks.—The new married quarters at Greenlaw have been finished, 
they are very complete for comfort and convenience; the hospital, officers’ 
and men’s quarters are not yet ready. 

“ At Maryhill some of the men’s quarters are occupied ; they are very 
good, but the hospital and remainder of the barracks will not be ready for 
some time. 

“ Prershill—Although there is nothing to object to in the sanitary 
state of the barracks or hospital, there is more sickness at this station than 
at any other in the Command, except Glasgow. I consider the neighbourhood 
of the works of the North British Railway, and of the sewage farm, injurious 
to the general health. 


United 
Kingdom. 


42 . ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT . 


; 

“ Leith Fort.—New married quarters are being built here. A new canteen 
bra aioe aa also a new urinal in its neighbourhood, and handed over to: 
the troops. : 

“Glasgow, Gallowgate Barracks,—Little can be said in favour of these 
barracks, and the hospital accommodation is bad; but the building is to be 
evacuated for Maryhill eventually. 

“ Ayr.—There are plenty of lavatories, but no bath-room. 

“ Paisley—These barracks are to be given up when the new ones at 
Hamilton are ready. The married people are much crowded in barrack 
rooms ; lodgings scarcely to be procured. 

“ Hamilton.—A new hospital is under construction as well as married 
quarters ; a new and excellent lavatory has been handed over for barrack use. 
An old cesspool latrine has been. cleaned out and closed. 

“ Stirling.—The married people are still in barrack-rooms ; although there- 
is plenty of space, there are two families in one room separated by curtains. 

« Perth,—A new hospital is-being constructed, and the barracks are being 
remodelled. . 

“ Dundee is occupied by a small detachment ; the hospital is a very good 
one, and supplied with all conveniences; it is non-dieted, and in charge of 
a civil practitioner. The barracks in Claverhouse’s house are fair and in an 
airy situation, though surrounded by factories and chimneys. 

“ Fort George.—A detached latrine has been provided for the hospital, but 
a covered way to it is required. General improvement has been made to the 
latrine accommodation of the barracks, but more is still required. A new 
ablution-room is urgently wanted in the hospital, and those in the barracks 
require to be remodelled and drained. The ventilation of the east wing of 
the hospital and of most of the barrack-rooms is defective, particularly in those 
occupied by the 79th Regiment. ‘There is not really any good water in the 
fort, but no injurious effects to health have been noticed. ‘he dead-house is 
not fitted up, and is too close to the hospital ; it would make a good foul linen 
store, which is much required. 

“ Greenlaw has been occupied by the 62nd Brigade Depot since 3ist May, 
1876. The hospital is temporary and bad; the new married quarters are 
occupied, and the hospital, officers’ quarters, W&e., will soon be ready. i 

“ Dunbar—Not been occupied since May, 1876, when the Depot removed to 
Greenlaw. : 

“ Water—Very geod; from distant supply everywhere, except Fort 
George. The supply is generally ample, the only places at which there appear 
to be any restrictions are Piershill and Aberdeen. 

“ Canteens have been well supplied ; they appear to be much frequented by 
the men and their families for food, dc., as well as for malt liquor ; 10 spirits 
sold in them. 

“ Drainage.—The ventilation of sewers is being carried out by the Royal 
Engineers at nearly all the stations, and will shortly be completed. 

“ Vicinity of Barracks, éc.—Except at such stations as Glasgow, Paisley, 
and perhaps Aberdeen, where the barracks are closely surrounded by houses of 
the poorer class, factories, &c., the vicinity of the barracks was generally in good 
sanitary condition. At Maryhill it is feared that the new barracks will be 
shortly in the midst of factories and houses of a poor class.” 


Dublin. 
Deputy Surgeon-General Holloway reports :—_ 


“Many grave sanitary defects existing in the Dublin garrison and district 
during the early part of the year 1876-77, have been discovered and remedied, 

“The faulty condition of the drainage of the Royal Barracks has formed the 
subject of investigation, and plans for revising it are matured. The work will 
be commenced about the middle of May of the present year. 

“A serious defect has been discovered by the officer of Royal Engi- 
neers commanding the District. It consisted in the construction of the 


“REPORT FOR 1876. 43 


latrine of the infant school, Arbour Hill, by which the excreta fell direct into United 
the open sewer at the highest point of the system of drains for the Royal Kingdom. 
Barracks. Steps are being taken to remedy this. 

“There have been many important sanitary improvements during the 
year, both in the Dublin Garrison and District. The drains and soil-pipes 
have been ventilated by tubes carried above the eaves of the buildings. 
Waste-pipes from the latter have been disconnected from the drains ; separate 
cisterns for waterclosets and flushing purposes have been provided; the 
traps and catch-pits have been revised. ‘hese improvements, which are 
general to the district, have been rapidly and efficiently carried out. ; 

“In Dublin the drains at Aldboro’ House, which were in a very bad state, 
have been thoroughly revised. At Linen Hall Barracks the cess-pit privy for 
the officers has been converted into a watercloset. The system of drains at 
the Ship Street Barracks has been rendered very efficient by remodelling 
the three sewers of this barrack, and conducting them by one channel into the 
great poddle sewer where they have been efficiently syphoned, the syphon 
tapped, and a four-inch ventilating pipe inserted, which provides very 
thoroughly for the egress of air from these drains, At Magazine Fort a cess- 
pit privy has been converted into a watercloset. The flooring of the huts at 
Beggar’s Bush Barracks has been taken up, the ground examined and found 
dry and in good order, gratings have been inserted into the hut walls below 
the floors, ensuring free circulation of air. The latrines at Pigeon House Fort 
have been reconstructed, and-are now on Jennings’ principle with flushing 
apparatus, 2 

“ Portobello Barracks have shared im the general improvements made in the 
garrison. The sanitary condition of this barrack formed the subject of-in- 
vestigation by a board of officers, assembled in March, 1876, who reported very 
favourably on it. A few defects, consisting of ill-trapped sewers without 
ventilation, have all been remedied, and I ‘consider this barrack to be in 
thorough sanitary order. It is at.present supplied with canal water from the 
reservoirs of the Company, but a project for supplying it with Vartry water is 
now in an advanced stage. At Richmond Barracks Vartry water has been laid 
on during the year, and nothing remains but the contract to be arranged with 
the Company before connection is made ; I understand that this will be done 
immediately. At the Royal Barracks, as already stated, the condition of the 
whole of the drains having been ascertained, arrangements are in progress for 
clearing out the troops, when the drains will be remodelled throughout. 

At Athlone extensive filtering beds for purifying the water of the Shannon, 
have been constructed, force pumps and tanks supplied, and the barrack 
supplied with water good and abundant. 

“The drains and catch-pits of this barrack have been overhauled and 
improved... 

_ “The wells at Longford have been revised and made perfect, and water- 
from one of them is now under analysis. 

“The married quarters at Mullingar are now nearly ready for occupation, 
and attempts are being made to improve the water supply by clearing out a 
large tank and filtering apparatus. Provision has been made in the estimate. 
for another and larger tank for this, barrack. ; 

_ “The married quarters at Birr are finished ; a new well has been provided’ 
at Castlebar. ; 

“here has been temporary overcrowding at some stations, but this has. 
never been of any duration, nor injurious to health. 

f means. of ablution and cooking remain as before, and are on the. 
whole sufficient. and satisfactory. = 

“ The effect of gymnasia on the health of troops has been satisfactory. 

“Venereal disease is very prevalent, especially in the Dublin Garrison. The- 
Contagious Diseases Act is not in operation’; and it is to be regretted that the 
funds of the Lock Hospital are only adequate for the maintenance of a portion. 
of this yaluable institution in working order.” 


D 2: 


United 
Kingdom. 


AA ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Belfast District. 


Deputy Surgeon-General Webb reports, that “the most important sanitary 
defects that came under my notice were at Belfast. The latrines, urinals and 
ash-pits are much too near the barracks, and there is only one ash-bin or box 
in the infantry square, for the use of men, averaging 700. Owing to the occur- 
rence of cases of typhoid fever in the barracks at Belfast, a sample of water 
supplied by the Water Works Company, was forwarded to Netley for chemical 
analysis, and pronounced by the Professor of Hygiene to be unfit for drinking 
and cooking purposes, in consequence of which water from the Cromac 
springs was issued to the troops. Much correspondence, of too bulky a 
nature to insert here, has taken place with respect to C Block Officers’ 
Quarters, Belfast Barracks, in which two cases of typhoid fever occurred 
during the year. The house has been vacated, aud-remains unoccupied until 
sanitary improvements throughout the building have been effected. Some 
improvements in the position of bath and ablution room, which could be added 
on to the Station Hospital at Belfast, would tend yery materially to the 
comfort of the patients, Some improvements might be made at Dundalk, by 
affording more cubic space in barracks and hospital, and at Newry, by 
nae the corridors, but this would require separate heating apparatus for 
them. : 

«A list furnished by the Commanding Royal Engineer shows: that there 
have been many sanitary improvements to buildings, drains, dvc., throughout 
the Command. 

“The Gymnasium at Belfast is much used, and no injurious effects have 
resulted from the training of the soldiers there; on the contrary, all the 
arrangements seem to conduce to health and strength. 

“he chief improvements in the way of new buildings are as follows :— 

At Belfast, buildings for 30 married soldiers are in the course of erection, 
An infant school, stores, and bath rooms have been erected in B, C, and D 
houses. 

“ Aymagh.—The hospital, which has been occupied for years as a militia 
store; will shortly be completed for hospital purposes, and the sick will be 
removed from huts which they now cccupy. 1 

“ At Londonderry, 24 married soldiers’ quarters have been commenced. 

“ At Monaghan, a new ablution shed has been erected.” 


SS ee 


Cork District. 


Deputy Surgeon-General Crocker states :—“The reports from the several 
stations in the District give a satisfactory account of the general health of the 
troops during the year. The sickness has been mostly of a general character, 
and, except amongst the children, there has been no prevalence of any 
epidemic disease, At Fermoy, measles occurred in an epidemic form amongst 
the families, and 7 cases also appeared among the troops, 5 of which 
were at Cork. Scarlatina also revailed at different places, though not to 
the same extent, as only’ 20 children altogether suffered, and 3 men. In 
every instance the most stringent: regulations were adopted to keep the 
cases isolated, and hence the spread of the disease was materially checked. 
Enteric fever, which prevailed at Kinsale to such an extent in the latter 
part of 1875, has only caused 4 admissions; one of these occurred at Kin- 
sale, and was attributed to the impurity of the drinking water obtained 
from one of the wells, which has since been closed. In addition to the above, 
two other cases occurred in Cork Barracks ; one of these was the wife of a 
soldier, and, so far as could be made out, she must have contracted the disease 
out of barracks ; the other was an officer, and this case would appear to owe 
its origin to a badly trapped drain in the vicinity of his quarters. All the 
above cases recovered. 

«The chief cause of mortality has been phthisis. I alluded last year, when 
remarking on the prevalence of phthisis, to the overcrowding of barracks that 
had existed at different times, and I have again to state that at several places 
in the district the rooms have been occupied in excess of regulation for a longer 


REPORT FOR 1876. 45 


or shorter period. Representations have been made at various times of the United 
on: which sometimes it has been possible to remedy, but not Kingdom. 
always. 

A good many sanitary works have been carried out by the Royal Engineer 
Department, the chief of which are the following :— 

“At Kinsale, the entire system of drainage has been reconstructed, and 

earthenware pipes laid down. Several of the barrack-rooms have been pro- 
vided with additional ventilation, and the old-fashioned open fire grates 
replaced by Galton’s ventilating stoves; baths provided for the ablution room ; 
the old ash-pits removed, and iron bins furnished in their stead. A large block 
of most comfortable and commodious quarters for married families has also 
been built. 

“At Charles Fort, the surface and underground drainage has been re- 
constructed and an iron ash-bin substituted for the old ash-pit. Earth closets 
also have been commenced. 

“At Oork, the sewers have been ventilated by shafts opening above the 
roofs of the houses, so as to cut off the sewer gas ; the same has been carried 
out at Limerick and Tralee. 

“At Fermoy, additional ventilation has been provided for several of the 
men’s rooms. 

_ “At Templemore and Bandon, new earth closets have been built and the 
old cess-pits filled in, and the same is now being done at Avhenny. 

“Tn addition to the above, a good many other improvements have been 
from time to time effected, when the necessity was pointed out. 

“ Water Supply—tThe water supply in the district is not altogether 
satisfactory, more especially at those stations where it is obtained from wells 
within the barracks. Several samples of water obtained from different sources 
have been examined by the War Department Chemist, and the Professor of 
Hygiene at Netley, and found unfit for drinking purposes, 

“] think these examples suffice to prove that water obtained from wells in 
barracks that have been long occupied, and where the old system of drainage 
prevails, cannot be safely used for drinking, on account of its liability to be con- 
taminated, either by infiltration of surface water or by soakage of sewage 
matter from drains, but as earth closets are now being generally introduced 
the latter source of contamination may probably, in course of time, be got rid 
of. There are, however, several places in the District where the cess-pit. 
system still prevails, but it is to be hoped this may gradually be remedied.” 


Curragh Camp. 


Deputy Surgeon-General Macbeth reports, that “the chief improvements are 
only in progress, and none of them have yet been quite completed. ‘I'he ven- 
tilation, lighting, and heating of the huts are being gradually altered. It is 
proposed to reorganise the hospital accommodation, and several improvements 
have been effected in both station hospitals, notably in No. 2, the ground about 
which has been enclosed, planted, and laid out in gardens, &c.” 


United 
Kingdom. 


46 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Section IT. 


On the Amount of Invaliding. 
The number of non-commissioned officers and men invalided in the force 
serving in the United Kingdom, and in each arm separately, is shown in the 
following Table :— 


S Pe; £ 
5 i) 

z Past is $ 

nm 

Fl awn! & 3 a 
Dit] ae bs Bak| & | = 
oD ob 5 3a! 8s ms B= 
n B=) mB ISBel & g 3 3 
Qa os a i) me! 2 7 
° 2b 3 eo a} +» 8 bo 2 3 
B 38 3 SER 8 ee a - > 
a yy = iar == & 4 A i 


J | | | 


Streneth ap _. | 92,781) 1,205 | 10,639 14,918. 5,349 | 40,113} 9,358 | 3,583 
__ (Number dis- 
charged as 418 50 


2,370| 20 | 354 
1876..< Inyalids ( 
| Ratio per 
( TGOR <<. « 


~ f Ratio per 
1866-75. 1,000 


oe -54) 16°70] 33°27) 24°80 | 19°82] 24°23) 43 51) 13°96 
\26 45 14-48] 28°27] 80-19 | 21-88) 25-16] 44-29) 15-04 


ae 


anna ns ee ee 
_ For the troops generally, the rate of invaliding is “26 per 1,000 men lower 


than that of 1875. 
; Section III. . 
On the Number constantly in Hospital, of the Troops serving inthe 
United Kingdom. 


ly. 


Troops 
genera 
Household 
Cavalry. 
Cavalry. 
Artillery.* 
| Tnfantry 


| Royal 


Sick per 1,000}; 966 +5} 40 -06|-28 -64| 38 94| 42-49] 43-89] 35-00} 51-33) 41-90 


Mean 1000 See .. | 39-60] 27-71) 41-97] 85-55) 42-94) 84-29) 46°24) 88°61 
ofthestrength 


——— 


Days. | Days. 


Average Sick Days. | Days. | Days. | Days. 


time to each|soxg | | 44-45 | 10-11 |15 82 | 12 °11|15-69|12-48| 16-88] 14-09 


Soldier in the ' ia = : : ; : 
aniessief the 1866-75) 14°62] 10-45 | 14-22] 15-51) 16°02) 12°77) 18-73 | 15°29 


Year .. 


Average Dura- 
tion of each\1876 ..|17-46|15°27| 17-31] 16 87/19 -29 | 16-42 | 14.90) 16°95 


Case of Sick- 1866-75) 17°75 | 17°00 | 18°48} 17°85 | 22-06 | 17 °69 | 17 i 17°30 


ness ae ae 


* Exclusive of the 1st Brigade Royal Artillery. 


Compared with the preceding year, all the results are favourable ; the pro- 
portion of constantly sick is 87 per 1,000 lower, that of ‘the average sick time 
to each man is °32 per 1,000 lower, and the average duration of each case of 
sickness is ‘31 per 1,000 men less. All the results are favourable also for each 
arm of the service. 


REPORT FOR .1876, 4.7 


Section 1V. 


On the Influence o Age on the Mortality of the Troops serving in the 


/ United Kingdom, 


The rates of mortality at different ages (arranged in quinque. tial periods), 
“in; the several. arms of the service, are shown in the following Ta xe :-— 


Corps. 


Household Cavalry .. 


Cavalry.. nA 


Royal Artillery 
Foot Guards .. oe 
Infantry “5 ap 


Depét Brigade Royal Artillery } ; ; 
Depéts and Brigade Depéts.. Sf uals Gala 


Ditto, ditto, ditto ce 


Average of preceding, exclusive of | 
all Depéts .. sia, 


Ditto, ditto .. 0 .. 


Civil Male eae and Wales ..| 7°41 | 8°42 | 


Population 


Healthy Districts .. 


| Annual Ratio of Deaths per 1,000 Living, 
at the following Ages :— 
|20-and| 25 and |g0-andlgs andl40 and 
Unde A 3 
go9, | under) under under} under} up- 
25. 30. 35. 40. | wards. 
. oe 6°25 7-94.) 12-05 
ee -.| 1:97 | 5°64.) 6-59 | 4°10 | 12-28) 19°56 
oe wo | 4°72 | 7°31 3°50-| 7°74 | 11°06|35-21 
..| 1°30 | 7°34 | 18-05 {11°58 | 14°60] 39°30 
.| 2°98 | 3°88 | 6-42 | 8-09 [15-77] 13-22 
. 561 | 9°14 | 24-80] 22.01 
1866-75) 3°69 | 7:72 | 11:06 |20:39 | 23 -°70| 24°52 
2°99 | 4:95 | 6°53 | 8°17 | 14-57| 18-86 
1866-75, 3:04 |.5°81 | 6-51 {12-17 | 17-58} 23-95 
9°21 |10°23 | 11°68) 13-55 
5°83 | 7:30 | 7-98 | 8°36 | 9-00] 9°86 


Sn A SS SR SD 


United 
Kingdom. 


United 
Kingdom. 


48 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Section V. # 
On the Recruiting of the Army. 


The annual medical reports show that 41,809 recruits were inspected in 
1876; of these, 30,787 were examined by Army Medical Officers and 11,022 by 
Civil Medical Practitioners. The rejections on primary inspection amounted 
to 10,369, and on secondary inspection to 1,050, making a total of 11,419, or 
273'12 per 1,000 of the number examined ; the proportion of rejections being 
15°68 per 1,000 higher than in 1875. 

The following Table shows the numbers inspected and rejected, and the 
ratios of ropes per 1,000 examined :— 


Ratio of Rejec- 
ed Number Rejected. | tions per 1,000 
38 ; Inspected. 
2S 
58 = 
ee le leg bang 
sa | F838 2 | fess 
be aa ees) Oo | 3 O38 
wrt | 80) 99 Ho | 3 o8 
oH = OD 5° s m2 5 
ee | eer ee Syl SS n 2 
gcd. | Ae ee E Ha, | 23 2! 
BB | ad | so |. 3 Aa | Bas 
Pi tO 10 a aR eee 
By Army Medical Officers .. .. | 30,787} 8,485 } 275 60 lore. 
By Civil Medical Practitioners {11,022} 1,884 1050) 1141911775 93 f273-12 


Total mo .. | 41,809 10,369 1050) 11,419} 248 -01) 273-12 


The proportion of rejections on primary examination both by Medical 
Officers of the Army and Civil Medical Practitioners is higher than in 1875. 


The native countries of the recruits, the ratios of rejections, and the propor- 
tion per 1,000 furnished by each country, are given in the following Table :— 


Examined | Examined | 24 
by by Civil ° s 
Army Medical] Medical ; Total. S Baie 
Officers. | Practitioners. S = > 
——_| & ao ha 
3 g)84 | 3 133 
Native Countries of 5 53) Eb 3 26 
: 2 cae 2 oa 
Recruits. Bo. Ss as op eat 
gf] 4 |s84| ce lees 
3 rg 3 3 3g PS o2S| $9 | 8,8 
SB eo] | ares BS SSeS le eal ae 
2) Bois Brena Aiea = (332) aa | SES 
my > a = So a pase)! OS | 50 
Boe lke ae ie = |e et 
ee a 
England and Wales... ...|20,968 | 5,739 | 9,191 | 1619 812 30,159 8,170 | 270°90 | 721°4 
Scotland vce on ...| 8,388| 967 489 70 89 3,877 1,126 | 290°43 92°7 
Ireland ose eee ...| 6,130] 1,716 | 1314] 198 145 7,444 | 2,054 | 275°93 178°0 
' British Colonies and? ‘ de : 
Foreign Countries,..5 °" 301/ 63| °28| 2 4 329 69 | 209-73 7-9 
Total ... (80,787 | 8,485 11,022 1884] 1,050 “41,809 | 11,419 | 273712 | 1000-0 


Deeee ee ESE RTE aa a a a aE 


The rate of rejections is higher for reeruits born in the United Kingdom, 
and lower for those born abroad than in 1875. The proportions per 1,000 of 
recruits furnished by England and Ireland are greater, and by Scotland and 
foreign countries less, than in the preceding year. 


REPORT FOR 1876. | 49 


The following Table shows the number of recruits inspected for each arm United 
of the service, the number rejected, the ratios of rejections, and the proportion Kingdom. 
per 1,000 inspected for each arm of the service :— 


f 1 Pa o og 

Examined | Examined 5 e$/S.\es 

rae Total Es Mes tea se 

Asin Nis dical R. os Primary | > ao Te Sey 

ical edical . a a 635 |o5 

Officers. |Practitioners. | ™SPections. 3S Ae) a Sy 

eB ea] ea |Z 

Arms of the Service. 3 s 3 32 5 4 

: : : 8qg|32 | o2 les 

@ 13.2312) \ss\z2\e8 ee 
oo] 2 | 8 } £3 Bs | 83 (Fa | Sa lbs, 
2. 2 2 3 3 $8 | 82 )aq | Su las 8 
acl a iaet aioe | se" leela \ne< 

cat mA i=) uert [<=] [oa Bs =] Py 

Household Cavalry see casei (S00 72 Zl teas 262 (Pl peer 72|274-81| 63 
Cavalry of the Line ae we.| 3,489} 832 465 74 | 3,904] 906 27 933/238°99] 93 4 
Royal Artillery ... a. —es-| 55916] 1,579 | 2,103 | 246 | 8,019] 1,825] 174 | 1,999/249-2| 191°8 
Royal Engineers .., a w.| 851] 217 27 3 878 | 220) ... 220|250°57| 21:0 
Foot Guards rhs Ws w| 7651 236 981 221 | 1,746 457| 237 694|397'48] 41-7 
Bere and Mees a 19,556} 5,549 | 7,444 | 1340 |27,000| 6,8g9| 612 | 7,501|277°31! 645-8 
Total ss aal30,787) 8,485 |11,022 |1,884 [41,809 |10,369 | 1,050 |11,419|278 *12|1000-0 


The rate of rejections is much lower for the Household Cavalry and Royal 
Engineers, and a little lower for the Foot Guards, than in the preceding year ; 
in the other arms it is higher. The Foot Guards again show the highest, and 
the Cavalry of the Line the lowest proportion of rejections. 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Table showing the number of recruits rejected in 1876, with the causes of 
rejection arranged in classes, and the ratio per 1,000 in gach class :— 


Numbers inspected. 


Causes of Rejections, in Classes. 


1. Syphilis... on iose oe axl 
2. Serofula_... am erp 
3. Phthisis... aes aie ons 
4. Impaired Constitittion aw 
5. Muscular Tenuity and Debility... 
6. Other General Diseases ... $6 ea 
7. Diseases of Nervous System... ects 
8. Weakness of Intellect 
9. Defective Vision ... aa 
10. Diseases of Eyes and Eyelids aS 
11. Diseases of Nose-and Mouth ... fiat 
12. Disease of Ears- ... aaa oa 
13, Deafness... “ te maa 
14, Impediment of soi ei, en 
15. Disease of Heart . see ce aaa 
16. Disease of Arteries ye ee 
17. Disease of Veins (Varix) wap oe 
18. Diseases of Lungs (except Phtlisis) ... 
19. Loss or Decay of Teeth ... 
20. Hernia 
21. Laxity of Kbaoaitnal Rings 
22. Hemorrhoids 
23. Diseases of Urinary Oneees ous 
24. Varicocele .. 


25. Other Diseases of the Genital Organs 
(not Syphilitic) .. 


26. Defects of Upper snetrenities, nea 
Fracture, Contraction, Luxation, &e. 


27. Defects of Lower Extremities, from 
Fracture, Contraction, Luxation, &. 


28. Flat Feet 

29. Diseases of Joints a 
30. Other Affections of Bones and puadlen 
31. Ulcers, Wounds, and Cicatrices 


32. Other Affections of the sr fici 
System a 


33. Malformation of Ears 

34. ” “A Nose and Mouth 

35. x a Chest and Spine 

36. " RD Urin. or Gen. Organs 
37. Marks of Punishment, orletterD. or B.C. 
38 Marks of Cupping, Blisteriug, &c. 

39. Unknown ... 


Total Rejected ... 


Recruits Rejected on Primary Inspection. 


+++] 8,485 |275 °60 


Examined by 


Army Medical 
Officers. 
80,787 
s 
rE | 38 
BB) Bs 
g2 = & 
5m ial 
A ee. 
462.1 15-01 
175 | 5°68 
123 4:00 
262 | 8°51 
‘th, 382 | 44°89 
79 | 2°57 
51 1°66 
64 | 2°08 
1,419 | 46°09 
116 | 3°77 
16 “52 
14 45 
W2') 2:34 
47'| 1°58 
646 | 20°98 
3 10 
580 | 18°84 
62 | 2°01 
239 | 7°76 
267 | 8°67 
139 | 4°51 
91] 2°96 
25 81 
882 | 12°41 
88 | 2°86 
254 | 8°25 
307 | 9:97 
150 | 4°87 
76 | 2°47 
64] 1:75 
211 6°85 
163 5°29 
23 
352 | 11°43 
15 “49 
23 : 
51 
18 


Examined by 


Civil Medical 
Practitioners. 
11,022 

ec 
e3| FE 
83) 28 
Bg | 28 
z a 

123 11°16 
37 3°36 
76 6°90 
58 5°26 
148 13:43 
18 1°63 
8 “72 
Die tg. 
312 | 28°81 
‘15 1°36 

1 209: 
1 +09 

6 coy a 

3 127) 
120 | 11°80 
1 “09 
189 17°15 
9 "82 
42 3°81 

114 4 


1,884 {170-93 


Total. 

41,809 

pil ss 
eee ors 
Ba | sa 

, a 
* 585 | 13°99 
212} 5-07 
199 | 4:76 
320 | 7°65 
1,520 | 36:60 
97 | 2-32 
59 | 1-41 
65 | 1°55 
\731 | 41°40 
131} 3°13 
Ww] Al 
15} -36 
78 | 1:87 
50 | 1°20 
776 | 18°56 
4| 10 
769 | 18°39 
71| 1°70 
281 | 6°72 
9-11 

a 


10,369 


248-01 


g _ Total 
‘3 | Rejections on 
2 ; Primary and 
5 | Secondary 
£&-} Inspections. 
> 
s | 
8 41,809 
B 3 
Bl cies. 
z\e3| $3 
2\/$3) 53 
3|82| 23 
aie |e 
49 | 634 | 15°16 
10 | 222) 5-32 
22) -221'4 529 
34) 354) 8°47 
166 | 1,696 | 40°57 
13 | 110 | 2°63 
7 66 | 1°58 
W $2 | 1:96 
181 |1,862 | 44°54 
25) 166) 8°73 
1 18 “43 
1 16 *38 
7| -s5| 2-03 
11 61 | 46 
117 | 893 | 21°36 
4 8 “19. 
48 | 817 | 19°54 
16 87] 2°08 
23 | 304] 7:27 
33 | 414] 9:90 
13} 189} 4°52 
16 | 133] 3°18 
2 39 +93 
32 | 587 | 14°04 
2] 110] 2°63 
45 | 381] 7:92 
59 | 440 | 10°52 
33 | 216] 5°17 
10 89} 2°13 
10 Wi. BAO 
19} 258] 6°17 
8| 225] 5°38 
1 8 "19 
45 | 484 | 11°58 
1 18 “43 
4 28 67 
15 69] 1°65 
5 18 “A3 


1050)11,419 }273°12 


REPORT FOR 1876. : 51 


The chief causes of rejection were syphilis, impaired constitution, muscular United 
tenuity, defective vision, diseases of the heart, diseases of the veins, loss of Kingdom. 
teeth, hernia, varicocele, defects of the upper and lower extremities, ulcers, 
wounds, &c., and malformation of the chest and spine. 

When compared with last year’s returns, there is a decrease observed in 
the ratios of rejections for muscular tenuity, diseases of the eyes, arteries, 
lungs (except phthisis), and urinary system, hernia, flat feet, diseases of the 
joints, other affections of bones and muscles, and malformation of the chest > 
and spine; and an increase in all the other classes. The highest ratio of 
rejections is, as in 1875, or defective vision. 

Table showing the ages of all-recruits, as given at their primary inspection, 
and the proportion per 10,000 at each age :— 


Numbers Inspected. Proportion in 10,000. 
E | ¢ eas i 
A 2 | dg ea ree 
Pers = "8 Baz | tos 
ae | £3 . | Bes | 253 
45) 02 | 2 | eke | Gee | = 
ec ee Re aes | Ss 
Boys under 17 .. e. 741 42 783 241 38 187 
From 17 to18 .. oe 727 100 827 236 91 198 
» §$8tol9 ..  ..| 73623) 2,721 | 20,3844] 2476) 2,469 | 2,474 
» 19t020.. | 6465 | 2480| 8,945] 2100] 2,250! 2,139 
» 20to21.. ..| 3,673] 1,458 | 5,131] 2193] 41,823| 1,227 
» 2t0o22.. «| 2,902) 1128) 40304 948 |. 1,023 964, 


» 226023... ..| 2867] 922] 3289] ~ 7e9| ss7| 787 
» 28to2.. ..| 1968| 690] 2,658 639| 626 | 636 
» 24t025.. ..| 20821 719| 28011 676| 652| 670 

25 andupwards.. ..| 2,239|*° 762| 3,001| 727{/ 691] 718 


Total ..  ..| 30,787 | {11,022 | 41,809 ] 10,000 | 10,000 | 10,000 


Of every 10,000 recruits examined for the service, 5,099 were under 20 
years of age ; the proportion under this age is less than last year by 285, and 
the rates at all the ages (below 20 years) except between 17 and 18, are lower. 
At the higher ages (above 20-years) the proportion of recruits between 24 and 
25 years is a little and at 25 years is much larger ; the increase at the latter 
age being due to the extension of age, to 30 years, in the case of short service 
men. 


Table showing the heights of recruits, and the proportion per 10,000 at 
each height :— 


United 
Kingdom. 


52 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Number Inspected. Proportion in 10,000. 


x 3 | 
S 2S re mp Fe an 
Heights. 3 5 BS 5 Z 
pe Tie SS3 . | 3515 
3 oS on n O's 
£8 ia 5. 39) Ie : 
a | Ss cia | 252] 3 
> as 42OGQ 6 
ea ae 2 ae aMl es baba 
Bidet Is 
Under 5 3 a 702 39 228 35 177 
5: 8 to 5-4 ae 214 13 69 12 54 
Bee aay Ou aD ..| 4,726 1,293 19 | 1,535 1,173 1,440 
[co o. 6 ..| 7,825 | 8,012 2.542 | 2,733 | 2,592 
Bee ou be -. | 6,178 2,430 2,007 2,205 2,059 
hay Bee ee ..| 5,203} 1,992 1,690 | 1,807 | 1,721 
6)2 8:4, 4059 & 2,988 TES 970 1,015 982 
5 9 poet ..| 1,638 635 532 576 544 
510i pores: ae 698 298 227 270 238 
5 Ee Oe OO HS 366 136 119 124 120 
6 Oandupwards .. 249 5d 81 50 73 


Total .. -.| 30,787 >| 11,022 10,000 | 10,000 | 10,000 


The proportion per 10,000 of recruits between 5 ft. 4 in. and 5 ft, 5 in. is 
much, and between 5 ft. 11 in. and 6 ft. is a little greater than in 1875 ; at 
each of the other heights it is less. There is an increase over last year of 385 
per 10,000 recruits measuring under 5 ft. 6 in. ; the increase below this height 
is due to the reduction of the standard, and is confined to the recruits measuring 
between 5 ft.4 in. and 5ft.5in. | 

Table showing the weights of recruits inspected by Army Medical Officers, 
and the proportion per 10,000 at each weight. There is no information of this 
kind available respecting those primarily inspected by Civil Medical Practi- 
tioners, or by Army Medical Officers at many of the smaller stations. ; 


nee EE 


Numbers |' Proportion 
Weights. Weighed. per 10,000. 
Ibs. Ibs. 

Under .. 100 BG ae ae 430 219 - 
100 to 110 Ag; ee Ke 207 105 
110 to 120 rie oe ae 2,324 - 1,182 
120 to 130 6 o. F 5,240 2,665 
130 to 140 oe) ave ee 5,627 2,862 
140 to 150 “ oe ei 3,509 1,784 
150 to 160 we or is 1,486 756 
160 to 170 ae “A “a 568 289 

Upwards of 170 se Se Se 271 138 

Total oe ae Ar 19,662 10,000 ’ 


ed 


The proportions weighing under 100 lbs, from 130 to 140 Ibs., and from 
140 Ibs. to 150 Ibs. are less, those from 120 to 130 almost identical, and at the 
other weights greater than in 1875. The recruits weighing over 130 lbs. are 
in excess of those who were beyond that weight last year by 57 per 10,000, 


REPORT FoR 1876. 53 


The state of education of recruits primarily inspected by Army Medical United 
Officers is shown in the following Table. There is no information available on Kingdom. 
this head respecting those examined by Civil Medical Practitioners :— 


Numbers Ratio per 1,000. 
examined. 
Unabletoread wee 5,520 1793 
Able to read only .. a sp 2,828 91-9 
Able to read and write ee aa 22,439 728°8 
Wotall sec * 30 * 30,787 1000-0 


The proportion of recruits unable to read is higher than last year, of those 
able to read and write lower, while that of those able to read only is almos 
identical. i 


The occupations of recruits before enlistment, the proportions rejected, and 
furnished by each group, are shown in the following ‘lable :— 


- < s - 

3. = BE " be pel 

BS leeSles2| 21. sl Sse33 

: | ne leeslees| Sip 2) sees 
Occupations of Recruits. SSlP SHS Se 1.2 | FO 5/ S9555 
Ge l|sHslaon| S8 1eS6e| ss288 

gH Poy A |e 5 Soh Sor pK 

> a | a a (= AS 


Oe oO | | | 


1. Labourers Servants, Hus- 
bandmen, &e. 3 ~ } 25,507 | 6,179 


Clothworkers, Weavers, 


2. Manufacturing Artisans (as 
5,023 | 1,384] 130 | 1,514 /301:41| 120°2 
Lace Makers, &e.) .. 


3. Mechanics employed in Oc- 
cupations favourable to 
physical development (as +] 7,300| 1,889} 212 | 2,101 |287-81) 174°6 
Smiths, Carpenters, Masons, 


"pee ee ee ee 


4, Shopmen and Clerks .. _—..| 2,853| 790} 52/ 842|205-13| 68-2 


5. Professonal Occupations, Lye . 
Students, ke... - .. 343 65 4 69 [201 17 8°2 2 


6. Boys under 17 years of age ~..| -783 62 1 


Total .. — ../41,809|10,369/| 1,050 {11,419 |273-12] 10C0-0 


The ratios of rejections are higher in all the groups, except “ Boys under 17 

of age” than in 1875. “Manufacturing Artizans,” again, show the 

highest rate of rejections, and “ Boys under 17” the lowest. The proportions 

of men, under the two first headings, offering themselves for the service are 

higher, under the third almost identical], and under the last three lower than in 
the preceding year. 


~ Gibraltar. 


54 . ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


7 


Ill. ON THE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING IN THE 
MEDITERRANEAN COMMANDS. 


Section 1.— Sickness and Mortatity, 


T.— GIBRALTAR. 


STATISTICAL REPORT. 


The average annual strength of the force at Gibraltar was 4,695, non-com- 


missioned officers and men, amongst whom there were 3,129 admissions into 
hospital, and (including those of invalids who died on the passage or after 
arrival at home) 36 deaths; the average number of constantly sick’was 175°60 ; 
the proportions given by these numbers.are 666'3, 7°67, and 37'40 per 1,000 of 
the strength, respectively. The rate of admissions exceeds that of the preced- 
ing year by 45:4 per 1,000 men ; the rate of deaths is 2°17 per 1,000 higher ; the 
rate of constantly sick is fractionally lower. 

The corps which served at Gibraltar im the year, and some of the most 
important of their health statistics, are shown in the following Table :— 


55 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


Gibraltar. 


q ssou 


-YoIs Fo sasvo Jo 


woyeinp oesviory 


ly 


“padky ut puwurnoy oY} UI poAtary +. 


PY 


Yols OSR.LOAW. 
© popyeany. 
“STLOISSITU 


| HOTpjOg yuo 


‘yyBuaNs Fo QOO'T tod opVy 


07 out} 


sory Apracy oSuwoAay 


“OULOTT JUS SpIyVAUy 


THE | 


*SpT[BAUT | 


por 


a 
e ea 
Q| 2-&. 
=H; Sm, 
i= een 
Fs 25 
Se | 8 
rd 
iz] a 
> =] 
— Lal 

jo} 


‘dy ur puvuru1tog oy} JOT » 


“Ysa - 


“purat | 
DIALS 


py 


=o 
jo savak poqordurog. 


ur 


é 


ve = 7 BRIG WosTEte 
ors ++ sdi0g peyidsoyy Autry 


oe ** sduog ootasog Aunty 
** opesrg opiy worpeyeg pug 
oo wk SS « pugott 
arias moras «  theg 
ap cts poo 96h Sy 
oe gy RS RS pug 


"| R00 UIP MOITBIIVG 98T 


saoousag [esoy 
+ Arty [wLoy opesmag WALT 


ere re 


ssdtog Se : 


Gibraltar. 


* 


56 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


As regards the prevalence of sickness, it will be seen that the proportion 
for the 102nd Regiment, which arrived at the station in the second quarter of 
the year, is nearly double the average, the admissions into hospital exceeding 
the mean strength of the corps; the death-rate is also more than double that 
of any other, and is nearly three times as great as the average for all corps. 
The admissions for the diseases in the febrile group are in a higher rate than 
for any other corps, and rheumatism also contributed to the disproportionate 
amount of sickness in the regiment ; its mortality was very slightly influenced 
by the prevalence of fevers, one death only being returned in the group ; half 
of the deaths being due to diseases of the heart and blood vessels, namely, 1 to 
valve disease of the heart, and 4 to aneurism. 

The classes and orders of diseases by which the sickness and mortality in 
the Command was caused, are shown in the following Table :— 


1876. 


Average Annual Strength, 4,699. 1869-75. 
Annual ratio | Annual ratio 
Deaths. per 1,000 of | per 1,000 of 
Diseases. ; Strength. Strength. - 
ES of EY ed fe 
sailais J st 
3 ley aC oie) lah ae 3 gq |< 
s US| oat a 
5 ht dee ee ae hee 
I. General Diseases. 
1 | Febrile Group 636 | 10 | .. | 10 |185°G | 2-13 | 88:9 j1 °44 
2| Constitutional ,, .. 590 | 7] 8 | 10 |125°7 | 2-13 |105-0 |1°41 
Il. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— ; 
1| Nervous System .. Hel ean us 4°5 | 4 7:21 *26 
2 | Eye an £ eat OO hy »- | 11:9 : 162 eee 
3 | Har He & 23 a 4:9 i SiG: | (bee 
4| Nose on Fs APA a atlas, ae Bie 7 a 
5 | Circulatory System 40| 9 9) 8:5 | 1°92 | 14-17) 98 
6| Absorbent ,, 22 ee 4°7 ; Hep hi Mee 
7 | Ductless Glands Bee here ia. || areal ieret ae =I} A 
8 | Respiratory System o2| 293-4 SU 41°1 64 | 43°9 | °7 
9 | Digestive eee. | 19 eee 82°3 | -19 
10 | Urinary Bc sole ZOU Tie 1 | 42°8 21 | 66°8 | °32 
11 | Generative see we Pe Jel el fee | cic hee Se Ja fe TARR 2S 
12 | Organs of Locomotion .. QOr| sya tigate oes 4°3 5:0 | 06 
13 | Cellular Tissue .. Ze TS ise Mieomdaee a LOS 14:0] .. 
14 | Cutaneous System ale: | AOOAb eee eee ere Os gerne GLEL or eae 
III. Conditions, fe. 
Debility cei 78 16°6 5 a 


IV. Poisons .. 50 OB ater Neadeie iol acOnl! eer 7°3 | °16 
V. Injuries. 


2| Accidental .. .. --| 4388) 3].. | 31 93°3 | 64 | 92-0] 42 
4, | Self-inflicted.. .. a De ren ery 3 2 fs 2] -19 
“IVIL Surgical Operations. oe Oi fecal OT) +e a 1} -03 

No appreciable disease .. Go| Seu eee serie os] RP ee 


Se SS > ee eee 
cee 


Total .. qo 


Average of 10 Years e ae if 
1866-75 654:°0 6°37 ao 


REPORT FoR 1876. Fi 


General Diseases. The rate of admissions exceeds that of the preceding Gibraltar. 
year by 23'2 per 1,000 men ; the increase is contributed to by both groups of 
the class. The rate of mortality is 1:50 per 1,000 men higher, and the 
increase occurs in both groups. / 
The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases in this class are 
shown in the following Table :— 


| 


1876. 


Annual Ratio per1000 of Strength. 


1876. 1869-75. 
General Diseases. = a RS 
3 E E 
. 5 ~~ 
4 ot ital ee: 
< | A < A 
Febrile— 
Eruptive Fevers Rey acenieers 5 ail 21 2°6 “06 
Continued ,, SEE a) a eee ea 526 112°3 1°28} 68°8 | 1:22 
Paroxysmal ,, Do ods Rien 81 172 64] 13-0 ‘10 
MMUMCOZA einer lose is ce vote, ote 7s 3 s°6 d 1°9 od 
Hrysipeias’,. se: ss ee aes 12 2°6 +e 1-9 ee 
Other diseases’ ¥. 0 v9 8104) 9 1°9 i i ‘06 
Total of Febrile Group... ..| 636 135°7 | 2-18] 88-9 | 1-44 
Constitutional— : 
Rheumetismr 0% we tee! oe wet} 9 B06 65 °2 21) 42°9 03 
bpptthieenst ed dad if vidi vances shed a BBE BS Fea lgnnal tales. |. 03 
Scrofula, Phthisis,&e. .. .. ~s. 31 66) ayhc92 SL - |-1 25 
Scurvy and Porpurays nef elie nes oe es pe 2 be 
APU el aie eipyicie eh! cals os ar & 1°8 ee 
Otberdiscases seis sy, ta ae 1 "2 Aes oH 10 


Total of Constitutional Group..| 590 | 10 | 125°7 | 2°13] 105-0 | 1:41 


Erupiwe Fevers.—The admissions (5) were all for scarlet fever. In the 
beginning of the year 26 men suffering from scarlet fever were admitted into 
the Station Hospital from one of H.M.’s ships, immediately after this the first 
admission for the disease among the military occurred, but there was no 
evidence of a connection between the cases in the garrison and those received 
from the “Sultan.” One attack of scarlet fever proved fatal from intercurrent 
pneumonia, and it is stated that another death—recorded as from nephritis— 
might perhaps have been a remote consequence of scarlet fever. 

Continued Fevers.—The rate of prevalence of fevers of this nature-is nearly 
22 per 1,000 men higher than the corresponding rate for 1875; the rate of 
mortality is exactly the same for both years. 

Enteric Fever—The 35 admissions for this disease were those of men of 
eight of the corps in the garrison, and they were received from twelve different 
barracks. The 31st Regiment returns no admissions for this disease, and 
the North Front is not mentioned among the localities where the disease 
appeared. The influence of season in favouring the occurrence of this fever 
was not shown in a marked way. : 

Simple Continued Fever, and Febricula.—For the first-named disease there 
were 61, for the last-named 430 admissions. 

Paroxysmal Fevers.—The rate of admissions is little more than half as high 
as that for the preceding year. -Ague—The 14 admissions for this fever were 
those of men from seven different corps. Remittent Fever, caused 67 admis- 
sions, 3 of the illnesses were fatal ; the post-mortem appearances in one of the 
fatal cases are not to be distinguished from those usually found in fatal cases 
of enteric fever, and in another fatal case death was preceded by peritonitis. 
Respecting paroxysmal fevers, the Medical Officer of the Station Hospital 

E 


» Eibraltar. 


58 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


: . . . ‘a : 
writes: “The (recorded) admissions for enteric fever, ague, and remittent 


“ fever do not, I think, adequately represent the occurrence of those diseases,’ 
“ag , .. most of the fevers on the Rock (excepting mild cases of simple: 


continued fever and febricula resulting from errors of diet, abuse of stimu- 
“Jants, or exposure to the sun) are of a typho-malarial nature. He 


Erysipelas—The rate of prevalence of this disease is a little lower than 


that for 1875. - 

Rheuwmatism.—The rate of prevalence is 9°5 per 1,006 men higher than in 
the preceding year ; in the fatal case death was due proximately to an inter- 
current cardiac complication. 

Syphilis-—The rate of admissions exceeds that of the preceding year by 5°6 
per 1,000 men, \ ; 

Scrofula, Phthisis, éc.—The rate of admissions differs only fractionally from 
that of 1875, but the death-rate is larger. 

Locat Disnasns.— Diseases of the Nervous System—Twelve of the 21 admis- 
sions for diseases in this order. were-on_ account of ‘neuralgia, 1 was for sun- 
stroke, 4 were for epilepsy. 

Diseases of the Hye.—49 of the admissions in this order were due to con- 
junctivitis, a disease more prevalent in the 69th, 102nd, and in the 2nd Batt. 
23rd, than in the other corps, fc 

Diseases of the Circulatory System.—The diseases in this order are in alower 
rate of prevalence, but in a higher rate of mortality than in the preceding 
year, more than half of the admissions were due to palpitation, 7 of the deaths 
were from aneurism. ; 

Diseases of the Respiratory System.—The rate of admissions is 5'1 per 
1,006 men lower than in the preceding year ; the rate of deaths is three-fold 
higher. 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of prevalence of diseases im 
this order is nearly the same as in the preceding year, one-third of the whole 
admissions was due to tonsillitis ; dyspepsia caused 98 admissions, dysentery 
3, hepatitis 9, and diarrhea 1 ; for colic the relatively large number of 39 


- admissions took place. 


Diseases of the Urinary System.—The rate of admissions is fractionally 
lower than in 1875. 

Conprtrons, &c.—The rate of admissions for debility, is two-thirds higher 
than.in the preceding year, the relative prevalence of this con dition was greatest 
in the Royal Artillery, and in the Qnd Battalion of the Rifle Brigade ; in the 
last named corps it is stated that the admissions were usually due to weakness 
following ague. 

Porsons.—The rate of admissions is nearly seven times higher than in the 
preceding year, a circumstance which may perhaps depend rather on difference 
of diagnosis than on difference in the amount of disease due to drink in the 
two years. 

Insuries.—Accidental.—The rate of admissions is 13°4 per 1,000 men, and 
that of deaths is -43 per 1,000 higher than in 1875 ; the fatal injuries were 
caused in one instance by the impaction of a piece of meat in the larynx, in 
tae by fracture of the skull, and in the third by rupture of the liver and 
spleen. : 

a a eaties Injuries--One admission only, being that for a gunshot 
wound, is returned in this order. — 


Officers. 

In an average annual strength of 156 officers there were 131 attacks of 
alIness and 3 deaths, being in the rates of 839°7, and of 19:23. per. 1,000 of 
the strength respectively; each is higher than the. corresponding rate.of 
187%, . Eleven officers were invalided during the year, bemg in. the rate of 
70'52 per 1,000, which differs only fractionally from that of last. year. Of the 
deaths, 1, was due to enteric fever, 1 to aneurism, and 1 to Bright’s Disease. 


Women. 
The average annual strength of the wives of the non-commissioned officers 


and men was 426, amongst’ whom’ 150 attacks of illness and 3 deaths are 


REPORT FoR 1876. 59 


sveturned, being in the rates of 3521, and of 7:04 per 1,000 of the strength Gibraltar. 
‘respectively. Of the illnesses 7 were due to scarlet fever, 1 to enteric fever, 

and 31 to fevers of other kinds; 23 illnesses are recorded as duc to general 

hSarch Two of the deaths were from phthisis, and one from valve disease of 

the heart, ; - 


Children. 


In an average annual strength of 864 children of non-commissioned officers 
-and men, there were 259 attacks of illness and 34 deaths, being in the rates of 
299°8 and of 39°35 per 1,000 of the strength respectively. The death-rate 
exceeds that of the preceding year by 5°84 per 1,000 of thestrength. LEruptive 
fevers caused 53 attacks of illness, of which 48 were of scarlet fever ; there 
were 42 attacks of other kinds of fevers, 1 being of enteric fever. The 
proportional prevalence of no order of disease is in excess of that which may 
‘be considered as normal for children. Diseases of the nervous system (adding 
the condition of teething to this order) contributed only 12 attacks; diseases 
of the respiratory system 58, diseases of the digestive system 44, of which 39 
were for diarrhoea. The illnesses returned under the head of general debility 
were 3in number. Of the deaths 8 were due to scarlet fever, 1 to cerebro- 
‘spinal fever, 2 to scrofula, 1 to tabes mesenterica, 1 to atrophy, 1 to convul- 
sions, 1 to laryngitis, 3 to bronchitis, 3 to pneumonia, 3 to teething, 1 to 
dysentery, and 9 to diarrheea, : 


SANITARY REPORT. 


Surgeon-General Huntly G. Gordon reports that the general health of the 
troops has been good, and that there have been no special causes of diseases. 

Surgeon-General Gordon adds, that a report has been rendered for the 
information of H.K. the General Commanding, embodying all recommenda- 
tions made by him at his annual inspection of barracks and hospitals for 1876. 
The most important of these were—the extension of ablution and bath 
rooms ; the substitution of wooden for stone floorings for quarters specified ; 
the provision of fireplaces in certain specified rooms ; together with remarks 
‘as to the possible source of contamination of water supply from North Front, 
and a recommendation for the removal of the cess-pit latrines at the Officers’ 
‘Quarters, Defensible Barracks, Windmill Hill. A number of sanitary services, 
-of a minor character have been carried out, such as the ventilation of sewers, 
the remedying of defects in soil pipes, the laying on of water to the barracks 
at North Front, and the improvement of ventilation of barrack rooms, &c., by 
extraction shafts. a 


II.—Matrta. 
_ STATISTICAL REPORT 


Exclusive of the Royal Malta Fencible Artillery, the average annual Malta. 
strength of the non-commissioned officers and men serving in the Command 
was 4,539 ; the admissions into hospital among them were 3,644 ; the deaths, 
including those of 7 invalids, were 47; the average number of daily sick was 
19894, The admissions are therefore in the rate of 8028, the deaths in that 
of 10°35, and the daily sick in that of 43°83 per 1,000 of the strength respec- 
tively. The rate of admissions is 103°3 per 1,000 men lower than that of the 
preceding year; the death-rate is fractionally lower ; the constantly sick-rate 
however, is 1°62 per 1,000 higher. 

Certain of the most important of the health. statistics of the corps which 
served in the Command in 1876 are shown in the following Table :— 


BQ 


60 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT- 


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REPORT FOR 1876. 61 


As in the preceding year, the health of the Royal Artillery was worse than 
that of any corps in the Command having a considerable strength, though 
its admission-rate is exceeded by the 71st and the 98th Regiments; the 
high death, invaliding, and constantly sick rates give unfavourable results 
which in a comparison outweigh the fact that the number of men admitted 
into hospital was proportionately less than that for each of the regiments 
noted ; half of the deaths in the corps were caused by enteric fever. The 
highest admission rate is that of the 71st Foot, it exceeds the average of the 
force in the Command by 227 per 1,000 men; the occurrence of many cases 
of febricula amongst the men at Pembroke Camp, occasioned this result. 

The sickness and mortality in each class and order of diseases, is shown in 
the following Table :— 


1876.—Average Annual Strength, 
4,539. 


Annual ratio 


1869-75. 


Annual ratio 


Di Deaths. per 1,000 of | per 1,000 of 
sRORE EE & the Strength. } the Strength. 
B a a 
y Lo in=] Rohs (foes rd c=! 
Es Sa|\|4 |e 3 3 
a = RS) 3 Bess co : ei ‘ 
g pe lelele| 2/212) 2 
< BO er .| = a < a 
I. General Diseases. 
1 | Febrile Group or 667 | 17 | ..-| 17 | 146-9] 3°75 | 181-9} 2-50 
2 | Constitutional ,, Cia abe ee oly At LOZ. *88 | 84:0} 1-78 
Il. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 
i | Nervous System an 66 | 3] .. Bl ee *66 | 10°5 *48 
2 Eye oe ee ee 86 oe oe oe 19° . 29 1 ee 
3 | Ear Ari °° oe SU id acon Meni Mine CE ee Ach 6 
4 | Nose .. ws se Zlue fee dee Ome SGlin/ats 
5 | Circulatory System .. 79} 4) 8) 7j 17°74 1°54] 11-4] 1°48 
6 | Absorbent oS an 24} ae | oe | oe bigs ise 49 
7 | Ductless Glands sis At Cae prey est me 
8 | Respiratory System ..| 176| 4) 1] 5} 38°8) 1:10] 43:3 “96 
9 | Digestive > oe O840 | SOr 1. 5 1 150-7) 1-10 | 143°8 "87 
10 | Urinary be LOR nee To geen Dead ea | 42-7, 40°83] ‘15 
11 | Generative 5 +e 58} se 12°8 a Uo 7 4 
12 | Organs of Locomotion. . 26°) .. we BST rs. 523)|"* 506 
13 | Cellular Tissue... A vt) D7 erm) eri eo 7 AN ne 28 °3 “69 
14 , Cutaneous System ..| 297]..].. ]-- 65 °4) 64°5| . 
Ill. Conditions. 
Debility.. te ee ST te Meer fos 8°2, LOEB SS 
= ENG Porsoneo— ee} 7-4 | 1 378) -°22 | i-2 2F 
V. Injuries. = 
2 | Accidental an on 615 | 4]... 41] 135°5) <88 | 100°4 ‘63 
* 3 | Homicidal Ac - ae Beal React aoe ae Bf “1 03 
A | Self-inflicted .. «. 7 te) ere Fe Nar 1 : 222 “6 30 
: VI. Surgical Operations ot ae MEER! eae eo 2 “06 
No appreciable disease. . lis Wri’ heeds Ole SO eg 1B). 
Total ve «. |8,644 | 40 7 | 47 | 802-8)10 35 | 789-8) 9°66 


oe | be ee Ee eS EE SS ee 


818°6)12°51] .. 
| i 


Average of 10 sag 
Boren ep oe 


Malta. 


Malta. 


62 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Guyerat Diseases.—The prevalence of diseases in this class is 184 per 
1,000 men lower than the rate for the preceding year, and in correspondence 
with this the death rate is 93 per 1,000 men lower. The decreased prevalence 


‘occurs in both groups of the class, but the mortality from diseases of the febrile 


group is in a rate one-third higher, whilst that from diseases of the constilu- 
tional group is 2°23 per 1,000 men lower than in 1875. 

The admissions and ‘deaths from the: principal diseases in the class, are 
shown in the following Table :— 


| Annual ratio per 1,000 
of Strength. 


; el ee 
| 1876. 1869-75. 
General Diseases. 2 | 3 3 

Sr. Ne : 5 ms 

: me 12) 412. | ee 

<q =) < a = Qa 

Febrile— 

Eruptive Fevers .. ++ ++ +2 + Ales PO stirs 3:0 36 
Continued ,, .- «+ «ee Ame eae 618 | 15-|186:1 | 8°30 {166-8 | 1°96 
Paroxysmal j, .. ++ «1 «2 es oo 29) 1 6°4 Qo he “15: 

Tnétwenza 23) ct Fae eae "Qe. BCE nl ee 

Bbysipelas. -). ei as ee pe Pe 8S 10].. DD a 2:1 4 > 
Other diseases of thiggroup .. .. «| 2 | 1 “4 22 8 03 
Total of Febrile Group. . ..| 667 | 17 |146°9 |°3°74 (181 -9_| 2°50 
Constitutional— 

PRNGUMALISML: we es. sie Lee thie, ages me 2O/ ales BSS. Mh Mite DUP a ee 

Syphilis bo Ge jaar ad ecapelieaeey eb Adl Rarah OS ao lives PSE WAS eee 
Scrofula, Phthisis, &¢. .. «+ «+ + 35 4 ya *88'| 9-8 | 1-54: 
Scurvy and Purpura... 6. «+ ++ se] oe An 6 oe 3 “03 

Ansemiia liv cde se Lihee | doe Pieiad hate Bile, Dell infiers LsOp ¥ ste 
Other diseases of thig group «. «es Sh oe RR ian 6 rl 
Total of Constitutional Group..| 4638 | 4 {101 °9 *88 | 84°0 | 1°78 


Eruptive Fevers—The admissions were for scarlet fever. : 
Continued Fevers.—For all fevers of this nature together, the rate of preva- 


lence is 4°6 per 1,000 men lower than in the preceding year: the rate of. 
mortality from them is ‘96 per 1,000 men higher. Znteric fever, caused 49» 
admissions and 13 deaths; the proportion of mortality to cases treated, is. 
therefore 26530 per 1,000, The only corps which do not return admissions: 
for enteric fever, are the Royal Engineers, the 27th and the 98th Regiments :: 


the proportional prevalence of the disease in the Royal Artillery (26:1 per 
1,000 men) was greater than that for any other, excepting the Army Hospital 
Corps, for which it is 94°3 per 1,000, but the relatively small strength of the 


last-named corps precludes a fair comparison in this respect. The Principal. 
Medical Officer states that enteric fever cases were received from every~ 
barrack in the Command, with the exception of two or three, the names of 


which are not given. The disease prevailed nearly throughout the year; 
admissions from it being returned for every month except April,’ May. and 
December, in the other months its intensity did not differ importantly : the 
deaths were most numerous in June and'July. Though the general diffusion . 
of this kind of fever throughout the garrison is the most noticeable feature in 
connection with its presence during the year, the disproportionate frequency 
of its oceurrence amongst the men of the Royal, Artillery, who were placed at 
night during the hot weather in tents pitched on St. James’s Cavalier, has. 
considerable interest, in connexion with a possible cause of the outbreak, 
The Principal Medical Officer states that St. James’s Cavalier is op the- 
highest ard most airy ground in Valetta, and that the drainago and water 


REPORT FOR 1876. | 63 


supply for it were satisfactory, but thatthe cause of the outbreak in the Royal Malta. 
Artillery quartered there “was at last traced to. the very large town sewer 
ventilators placed in its roof on account of the elevated position. During the 
summer months the inmates of the barracks under the Cavalier slept on the 
terreplein, and breathed this sewer atmosphere.” No more cases. occurred 

when the men of the Royal Artillery (amongst whom the fever had appeared) 

were encamped onan adjoining bastion. Of the five attacks of enteric fever in 

the Army Hospital Corps, three are stated to have occurred in men not 
employed in immediate connection with the sick. 

Simple Continued Fever.—The prevalence of this form of fever was nearly 
in the same proportion as that for the preceding year, the admissions for it 
in the 42nd Regiment are greatly in excess of those in any other corps. Two 
attacks of simple continued fever were fatal; in one instance the symptoms 
noted are similar to those present in enteric fever, namely, loss of appetite, 
great weakness, fever aggravated at night, and attended with severe frontal 
headache, flushed face and sleeplessness, morning and: evening fluctuations of 
temperature, frequent attacks of epistaxis, eventually diarrhoea, delirium, 
stupor, and death. 

Febricula.Nearly one-third of the admissions for this form of fever took 
place in September, and they were no doubt in many instances due to the 
great heat experienced in that. month. The Principal Medical Officer, in an 
appendix to his report, gives an instructive chart showing the relations 
‘existing between the prevalence of disease and certain meteorological pheno~ 
mena; the highest number .of admissions and the greatest heat are found 
together in September, and the excess is chiefly caused by the great numberof 
admissions for febricula. 

Paroxysmal Fevers—Nine admissions for ague are returned, none were due 
to residence in Malta. 

Remittent Fever.— Of the 20.admissions, one-half are returned by the 98th. 
An attack of this fever. proved fatal in.a man of the regiment ; jaundice 
occurred early in the illness, the highest: temperature noted (102°6) was on» 
the seventh day,:after this it fell steadily to 97'4-on the tenth day ; suppression, 
of urine occurred.on the eighth day, and when theisecretion reappeared it was: 
very scanty and contained much albumen. On the eleventh day spots of 
ecchymosis appeared on the skin ; death was preceded by repeated attacks of ~ 
convulsions, 

Erysipelas.—The rate of admission for this disease is little more than the 
half of that for 1875. 

Rheumatism.—The. rate. of admissions is alittle lower than that. for the 
preceding year. 7 ; 

Syphiis.—The rate of admissions is 5:1 per 1,000-men lower than in the 
preceding year. > 

Scrofula, Phthisis, @c.—Both the rate of prevalence, and that of mortality, 
are materially lower than in 1875, but in dealing with such small numbers.as : 
the admissions for these diseases give, great fluctuations are to be expected,. 
and the results for one year have therefore comparatively little importance. 

Locan Diszasus.—Diseases of the Nervous System.—The rate of admissions” 
exceeds that of the preceding year, by more than a third ; nearly half of the 
admissions were for neuralgia, 15 were for epilepsy, and 12 were for various 
forms of mental disease. One of the deaths was caused by encephalitis, and 
two by apoplexy. Ses 

_ Diseases of the Hye.—There is a greatly diminished rate of prevalence for 
diseases of this order on that of 1875, the probable cause of which is not 
adverted to in the reports. 

Diseases of the Circulatory Systém.—The rate of admissions is nearly the 
same as that for the preceding year; of 79-admissions, 54 were for palpitation. 
Six of the deaths were due to ancurism. 

Diseases of the Respiratory System—The rate of admissions is 16°9 per 
1,000 lower than that for 1875, and this decrease is accompanied by a lower 
death-rate. 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of admissions is 37'3 per 1,000 
men lower than in the preceding year, but a much greater fatality attended 


Maite. 


64 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


diseases of this order than in that year ; 3 of the deaths were due to hepatitis, 
1 to acute atrophy of the liver, and 1 to peritonitis. 

Diseases of the Urinary System.—The rate of prevalence of diseases in this 
order is 8°7 per 1,000 men lower than that for the preceding year. 

Conpirtons, &e.—General Debitity—The rate of admissions is only the 
half of that for 1875. 

Porsons.—The admissions in this class were all due to the effects of drink ; 
the proportional prevalence is fractionally higher than in 1875. 

Insurius.—Accidetal.—The rate of admissions is 168 per 1,000 men 
higher than that for the preceding year ; of the deaths, 1 was caused by 
drowning, 2 by fracture of the skull, and 1 by injury of the spine, from a fall 
in the gymnasium, \ ; 


Officers. 

In an average annual strength of 217 officers, there were 130 attacks of 
illness, and 3 deaths ; 9 officers were invalided to England. The proportions 
given by these numbers are, for attacks of illness, 599 ; for deaths, 13°82 ; and 
for invaliding, 41:48 per 1,000 of the average annual strength, respectively. 

Fever caused more illnesses than any other single disease. The deaths 
were due to apoplexy (2), to hepatitis terminating in abscess (1. Of the 
invaliding, hepatitis was the cause in three instances, in one of them the 
disease had ended in abscess. The prevalence of inflammation of the liver, 
and that of a very dangerous kind, amongst officers in the present year, is in 
consonance with the same circumstance observed amongst the men. 


Women. 


In an average annual strength of 429 wives of non-commissioned officers 
and men, there were 201 attacks of illness recorded, and 4 deaths, being in the 
annual rates of 468°5, and of 9°32 per 1,000 of the strength respectively. 

Diseases of the febrile group, caused 30 of the attacks, enteric fever in one 
instance ; conjunctivitis was relatively frequent ; diarrhoea caused 20 attacks. 
The deaths were due to enteric fever, 1; choleraic diarrhoea, 1 ; apoplexy, 1 ; 
aneurisin of aorta, 1. 


Children. * 


In an average annual strength of 834 children of non-commissioned officers 
and men, there were 531 attacks of illness and 41 deaths, being in the annual 
rates of 634:3, and of 49°16 per 1,000 of the strength, respectively. The death 
rate is 4°24 per 1,000 lower than that of the preceding year. Eruptive fevers 
caused 13 attacks, of which 8 were of diphtheria ; enteric fever caused 3, and 
fevers of other kinds, 57 attacks ; hooping-cough, 2 attacks ; phthisis was 
comparatively infrequent, only 3 attacks are recorded, but they probably 
represent only the severest forms of the disease met with; conjunctivitis 
caused 50 attacks ; bronchitis, 80; dysentery, 3; diarrhoea, 83 ; tania solium, 
10. The illnesses returned under the head of general debility were 24, taken 
in connection with the mortality attending them, and the known presence of 
enteric fever in the garrison, it may be suspected that some of the fatal cases 
of the condition referred to, may really have been illnesses from enteric fever. 


REPORT FOR 1876. 65 


Royat Maura Frencrpue ARTILLERY. Malta. 


The average annual strength of the non-commissioned officers and men of 
this corps was 339, amongst whom there were 258 admissions into hospital, 
being in the rate of 761°1 per 1,000 of the strength. No death took place 
during the year. ‘The number constantly sick was 11:58, being in the rate of 
34:01 per 1,000 of the strength. The admission rate is 13°6 lower, and that of 
constantly sick is 4°20 higher than the corresponding rate of 1875. 

The admissions, in the different classes and orders of diseases, are shown 
in the following Table :— 


Royal Malta Fencible Artillery. 


English Troops 


] at Malta in 
Annual Ratio per 1,000 ABTG- 
Average Strength .. GC 339 of Serovesl Annual Ratio 
lays ese rns © Reo tera 1,00 
1876. 1869-75. | Strength: 

Z 5 BS Baers oa ES oo ee ; 
4 Diseases. § 3 i i zg gs 3 
ro) | A < A < A < =) 

I. General Diseases. 
1| Febrile Group ees aoe Once OOrG: (L.t9)L46-9.) 3-75 
2| Constitutional ,, ..| 49 |... [144°9 1] .. | 83:0 | -90]1102:0 | -88 
II. Local Diseases. \ 
Diseases of the— 

1| Nervous System .. es Pa leo, BeO eis. |) EE3! | 290) 14°5 “66 

Reape teas Sel ep Be iF) oe 1261 19-0} .. 

3| Har .. ‘fe Be Sale PLM Ueno olen dof. . Lo 7 °9 - 

4 | Nose .. ee oe . oe oe oe oe 6 . “A, ee 

5 | Circulatory System .. Se Ween eee pe OnOut esrar Os -6O).17 +4.) 1-54 

6| Absorbent ,, Ad ist eal ae 5'9}.. TES ya ee Bird) save 

8 | Respiratory System. . sel ene Res 4 lee OOD 1... | 88:8) 1°10 

9 | Digestive aes si) ek 91°4 | .. {164°8 }1°49/150-7 | 1°10 
10 | Urinary rae ee Reals OF On| x.) | DOA AT Nis 
11 | Generative Sy ats oe Bi Neste | eR hes 9-0} °30] 12:8) . 

12 | Organs of Locomotion a 1 2-9 ZETA ae EIN on 
18 | Cellular Tissue ne a Dw aeeO Oo. deo Oy oP 24-7 1. 
14 | Cutaneous System .. «| 40 118 ‘0 105 ‘7 Obra es 
| _ TIT. Conditions. 
Debility a AC 6 8 oe abe 
IV. Poisons ‘9 3°8 22 
V. Injuries. 

2| Accidental .. an ne a 1355 88 

3 | Homicidal .. ve Fe 6 Re se 

4 | Self-inflicted........ ss 3 9 ‘22 

No appreciable disease .. 6 2 
Total .. ve .. |786°0 |5°97|802°8 |10-°35 
Average of 10 years, 1866-75 


GuyERAL Disrases.—The rate of prevalence of diseases in this class exceeds 
that of the preceding year, by 51:9 per 1,000 men; nearly the whole of the 
inerease is in diseases of the constituttonal group. 


Malia. 


66 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Febrile Group.—There was no admission for any eruptive fever. Continued 
Fevers.—Of the 21 admissions, 1 was for enteric fever, and 20 were due to 
febricula ; respecting them, the medical officer of the regiment states that the 
enteric fever case of illness was contracted in the military prison ; and con- 
cerning the admissions for febricula, he writes: “The cases of febricula 
“occurred as frequently as formerly: some were dependent on exposure to 
“cold, and lasted only a few days, whilst others were caused by some climatic 
“ influence, not malarial, had along course, and were followed by rheumatic or 
“neuralgic pains, orchitis, and angzmia. These last long-continued cases 
“ would have been called by foreigners, ‘Malta Fever,’ but Iam convinced tha 
“there is no such thing as a class of fevers endemic in thisisland..... Hi 
Paroxysmal Fevers.—Vhe 2 admissions for ague were those of men who had 
contracted the disease elsewhere. ; 

Constitutional Growp.—The rate of admissions for rheumatism is 79°6, and 
that for syphilis is 69 per 1,000 men. 

Diseases of the Hye.—The rate of admissions”shows a decrease of 59 per 
1,000 on that of the preceding year, and-the medical officer states that the 
cases have also been of less severity ; he attributes both results to a systematic 
inspection of the men suffering from granular eyelids, and. to the use of tannic 
acid, in glycerine, in the treatment of even the mildest chronic cases of this 
affection. 5 

Diseases of the Circulatory System, are ina little higher rate than that 
of 1875; the rates of diseases of the Respiratory, and Digestive Systems, are a 
little lower ; in the latter order there are 13 admissions for dyspepsia, all of 
which it is stated were due to errors in diet, not to drunkenness. Diseases of 
the Urinary System, are 3 per 1,000 men in excess of the very high rate of the 
preceding year. The remarks of the medical officer respecting diseases of this 
order, are important :—“ The admissions for gonorrhoea seem rather too many, 
“but about one-third have been for relapses as, in order to be exempt from 
“ stoppages, the men do their best to deceive the medical officer by hiding the 
“discharge ; in a few days they come back to hospital, and the number of 
* admissions is accordingly increased.” 

Insurius.—Accidental—Nearly a third of the admissions in this class were 
for blisters of the feet, occurring in recruits, who, previously to enlistment, 
had worn sandals, or had walked barefooted. 


Invaliding. 
Two men, being in the rate of 6 per 1,000 of the strength, were invalided, 
one for mental disease, and one for valve disease of the heart. 


Constantly Sick. 

The ayerage number constantly sick, 11°53, is in the rate of 84:01 per 1,000 
men, and from this number it is found that the sick time to each soldier 
during the year was 12°41 days, and that the average duration of each case of 
sickness was 16°31 days. 


SANITARY REPORT. i ” 


Surgeon-General Fraser, 0.B., remarks that no substantial change has 
taken place in the condition of the barracks in the Command since his last 
Report. 

x No alteration has been effected in the generally defective condition of the 
drainage of Malta ; but now that the Imperial Government has notified its 
consent to contribute towards the total expense, it is to be hoped that its 
general improvement will be carried out. That portion of the scheme which 
the Commanding Royal Engineer has had in hand, on the Cottonera side, 
since the end of 1875, is progressing as fast as possible, and he calculates it 
will be completed in March, 1878. Should the Civil Government vote the 
money necessary for remodelling the street sewers in the ‘ Three Cities,’ and 
connect them with the intercepting sewers now in progress, this part of the 
scheme may also be completed in March, 1878. POT he 


REPORT FOR 1876. 67 


“The general condition of the barracks is as good.as the faulty casemated 
construction of many of them will allow. 

“The subject of fuel for the winter months in barracks has been under 
consideration, as it is at present only allowed in guard-rooms. 

“The dilapidated wooden (Crimean) -huts in the advanced. works «at 
Floriana are, I understand, to be removed. 

“Space of Men in Barracks—No increase has taken place in the cubic or 
superficial space during the year. The same general surface crowding, there- 
fore, continues, and to relieve this, about half the men sleep in tents during 
the summer months, to reduce the number in the barrack dormitories. 

“The lower tier of casemates in Lower St. Elmo barracks has been 
improved as far as practicable, and some of the rooms. recommended for 
occupation, excepting during the hot summer months. 

“The old military prison has also been converted into 12 married quarters: 
and will be shortly occupied. 

‘The ventilation in some of the barracks is good, in others fair, and.all are 
provided with inlets and outlets. Most of them are lighted with gas. 

“The drainage of the barracks is satisfactory, excepting as to their outlets 
into the harbours, which will not be rectified until the general drainage 
improvements are carried out. The water latrines and urinals in all are in 
good condition and regularly flushed with water, either fresh or salt. The 
‘Camerata’ married quarters, with upwards of 100 waterclosets, is ina most 
unsatisfactory state, and is now being thoroughly examined by the Royal 
Engineer Department, with a view to its general improvement, as respects 
drainage, new water latrines, and water supply. The tank water having been 
contaminated, aqueduct water was laid on for drinking and cooking purposes. 
The building has accordingly been evacuated for the above purpose. 

“Some of the town sewer ventilators, which have their outlets on the roof 
of St. James’s Cavalier, from its being the highest ground in Valletta, have: 

been raised considerably in consequence of several cases of enteric fever haviug 

occurred amongst its inmates, who slept in the terreplein during the summer 
tie 3 it subsided on the men being placed in tents on the parade ground 
elow 

“The main sewers at Pembroke Barrack, Cottonera Hospital, and Notre 
Dame, and also at the Officers’ Pavilion, Floriana, haye been ventilated, 

“Some of the barracks are supplied with aqueduct water, which is very 
good, and others with tank water or both. The supply is sufficient, but 

_ limited. 

“The Commanding Royal Engineer has proposed, and I believe submitted, 
‘to the War Office, an improved system of filtering, which, if approved of, will 
be applied gradually to all the tanks, 

“The ablution and bath accommodation is satisfactory, with sufficient 
water laid on. At Pembroke Barrack salt water is laid on,.and fresh water is: 
carried by hand. 

“A new ablution room and baths have been provided in the Lascaris 

~ Barracks for the Royal Malta Fencible Artillery. 

“The cook-houses are all in good condition, and provided with Warren’s 
and Deans’ cooking range. 

“The military prison may now be considered to be in a good sanitary 
condition, since the se OPRECEVaRCY, system has been carried out in its 
integrity. 3 

“There has been no admission from enteric fever since March Jast. The 
prison dietary, however, is under consideration, and an increase of the meat 
‘diet has been recommended. 

“No material change has been effected in the hospitals during the year. 

“The supply of Cottonera Hospital with aqueduct water has been under 

~ consideration ; but the limited quantity from the ‘ Fanara’ aqueduct is likely 
to prevent this being carried out. 

“Valletta Station Hospital should be converted into a barrack, and a new 
“hospital erected, as recommended by the Royal Sanitary Commission in 1863. 
A female hospital is also very much wanted for the treatment of serious cases. 
of diseases occurring among the wives and children of soldiers. Separate 
and detached wards for the treatment of infecticus diseases are also wanted, 


» 


Malla. 


Malta. 


~ 


68 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


and I have recommended that the barrack store in rear of Cottonera Hospital 
be converted into an infectious hospital, if a new one cannot be provided. 

“A comparative table of déseases during tne last five years shows a con- 
siderable reduction in the ratio of admissions during 1876, but an increase in 
the mortality, caused by the greater prevalence of enteric fever. The ratio of 
invaliding has been considerably less than last year.” _ 


[The following report on the alleged origin of four cases of enteric fever, 
among the men of Army Hospital Corps at Cottonera Hospital, in connection 
with the use of tank water, was drawn up by Surgeon-Major Adcock, under 
whose medical charge the cases occurred, in compliance with a request to that 
effect. 

! “ Cottonera Hospital, 10th November, 1876. 

“The men of the Army Hospital Corps stationed at this hospital, who were 
attacked with typhoid fever, were those named in the accompanying return, 
and employed as therein stated. Sergeant W. and Private S. were ill for 
some time before their admission ; but from the nature of their duties they 
were able to keep about longer than the other two men. In fact, the four 
men were attacked about the same time. 

“ At this period I am informed that the hospital steward, the corporal cook 
and the gas and water orderly, were all suffering from feverish symptoms, all 
of whom lived on the ground-floor, and, together with the four men who 
suffered from enteric fever, drank water from the same source, namely, the 
tap attached to the force pump, which brought water from the filtering 
chamber of tank 47B. The only man living on the ground-floor who did 
not suffer was the compounder of medicines, who states that he drank the 
same water, but only after it had been passed through the filter in the 
dispensary. The tap alluded to was the favourite source for the drinking 
water used by the residents on the ground-floor, owing to its coolness, coming, 
as it did, direct from the underground tank ; whereas the water from the 
taps of the water service of the hospital, coming from the iron tank on the 
roof, was warm and flat in taste. 

“No case of fever occurred amongst the orderlies doing duty in the wards 
and living in the upper part of the building; neither was any patient 
attacked. 

“These persons drank water from the water service of the hospital, supplied 
from another tank. Moreover, the water was drunk always after being passed 
through the filters, of which there are two in each ward, 

“The condition of tank 47 B was found to be as follows :— 

“The tank is a very large one, cut out of the rock and covered with an 
arched roof of masonry. It is situated immediately in rear of the hospital at 
the south side of the kitchen and offices, On examining it, with a view to 
discover any possible source of sewage contamination, a small square opening 
was found, partly closed with a stone plug, and leading into a small catch-pit, 
situated under one corner of the flagged space surrounding the opening of 
the tank. 2 

“The flagged space—about 10 feet square, with a raised margin—was in- 
tended to catch any water which might be spilt when drawing water by buckets. 
The spilt water was then supposed to run into the catch-pit, and thence be 
carried by an earthenware pipe drain into the sewers. After a short course 
this pape drain passed under the tap of the force pump, where a bell-trap was 
placed. 


“ Still further in its course, it received the drain water from the cook-house . 


and thence passed to the main drain. On removing the plug, the catch-pit 
was found to be filled with black offensive mud, as was also the pipe drain. 
On further investigation it was found that water poured -into the bell-trap 
under the force pump, ran at once into the catch-pit. This had actually 
occurred, I am informed, before I was in charge, to such an extent as to flood 
the flagged space with dirty water. It thus appears that water from a foul 
drain was constantly flowing into the catch-pit, and there depositing the more 
solid parts of the sewage. ; 


REPORT FOR 1876. 69 


“On representations being made to the K.K. authcrities, they closed the 

catch-pit and removed the foul drain altogether. They also pumped out the 

water from the tank, as it had, on analysis, been found to be impure and unfit 
for drinking. 

“On the water being pumped out from the tank, I descended into the 
filtering chamber to see if any leakage had occurred into the tank, and disco- 
vered water dripping into the filtering chamber through a large opening in 
the roof, by which the suction-pipe of the force pump entered. 

- “The opening being unfortunately immediately under the site of the catch- 
pit and foul drain, the iron suction pipe was coated with slimy matter and 
rust, and water had evidently for a long time been constantly trickling down 
it into the filtering chamber. 

“T am quite’ convinced, by my investigations, that, owing to the faulty 
construction of the foul drain, sewage had for some time gravitated into the 
catch-pit, depositing there the more solid parts, the fluid portion gradually 
finding its way into the filtering chamber, through the hole in the roof of the 
tank, by which the suction-pipe entered. Though the bell-trap under this 
force pump was not intended for such a purpose, I believe that slops were 
constantly thrown there by the married people living in the hospital. 

“Tn conclusion I beg toremark that at once, on “the discovery of the state 
of the tank, the use of the water was discontinued, after which no fresh cases 
of enteric fever ogcurred amongst the residents of the hospital.” 


Tank 478—Corronrersa Hospirat. 


GQ SS AWN WN 
\ CEQA LAK 


- A.—Filtering chamber of Tank 47B. E.—Foul drain. 
B.—Filtering stones. F.—Catch-pit. 
C.—F¥orce pump. G.—Trap. 


D.—Suction pipe. 


Malla. 


Malta. 


1h She ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Station Hospital, Cottonera, 10th November, 1876. 


- “Cases of Enteric Feyer.from Detachment Army Hospital Corps serving at the 


above Hospital. 


g 
sg iE Single 
ee 7 2 Room in Hospital from | Date of 
z g Rank and Names: wn : ore avEielladentiicd: Wasnieiour Results.| Remarks. 
Bs gale 
<\A lS 
; 1876. 
; No. 42, Nurses’ Room, Orderly to 
2716| Private E. H.... |21) 3 8s. to Prisoners’ Ward>| 27 August...) Cured Prisoners’ 
Ground Floor Wards 
Ne §| No.16, StoreOrderlies*? | mens ' Assistant 
2527) ay RarAs. nae (ZEhi Zito. [eae t “Eom, G Floor a 27 August...| Died Cook, 
Ex No.16,Store Orderlies’) | 16 Septem- | ? 4 Provision 
2580} oy We8s ves J21) 2fan] 8 Room, @ Floor ah; pen’ 1 CURea yy GReIee 
derly. 
- + Under 
® , ' Hospital Sergeant, x = Ward- 
144] Sergt. FE. W. ” 40/20) 9) M. No. 1, Ground Floor § | 2 October... MAES TE 


Surgeon-General J. Fraser, C.B., in a covering letter to the foregoing, 

reports :— ~ ‘ 

fe On the alleged causes being brought to my notice, I satisfied myself as 
far as possible, by personal observation and inquiry, as to the defects referred to. 
IT concur in the report for the following reasons :— 

“1st. Army Hospital Corps men, living on the ground floor of the hospital, 
who alone drink of the water pumped from tank 47 B, were the only sufferers 
from enteric fever. 

“ 9nd, No cases occurred among the patients occupying the wards in the 
upper storeys, who drank water pumped from another tank 47 A. 

“3rd, Some cases of enteric fever were treated in wards, but they all 
originated in barracks, and were not attended by these men, excepting the ward 
master ; orderlies attending cases in wards did not suffer. 

“Ath, No fresh cases occurred after closing the pump connected with tank 
47 B. 

“5th. The excess of organic matter, whatever its source may have been, is 
not very large, but no other assignable cause can be alleged to account for the 
fever being confined to men of Army Hospital Corps living in hospital, inas- 
much as this tank 47 B receives water only from the clean roof of the 
hospital and kitchen, and from a reserve tank now dry. 

“6th, The excess of organic matter appears to have been caused by infil- 
tration from the foul drain and catch-pit, as described by Dr. Adcock, defects 
duly brought to the notice of the Commanding Royal Engineer, which he 
caused at once to be remedied and the tank cleaned out. 

“7th. It is, however, due to,the Commanding Royal Engineer to state, that 
he is, notwithstanding, very decidedly of opinion that no infiltration could 
possibly have taken place, for reasons which he gives in detail. He simply 
admits the filtration of some surface water at the opening, where the suction- 
pipes enter through the ground at this corner, after heavy rains ; but thinks 
that it would not contain any quantity of injurious matter, if any at all. 

“Having recommended the laying on of aqueduct water to Cottonera 
Hospital, I am happy to be able to state that the Commanding Royal Hngineer 
is in communication with the Civil Government with a view to obtaining a 
supply from Fanora aqueduct, before going into estimates.for the necessary 
works. 

“There are practical engineering difficulties, and considerable expense will 
be incurred in carrying this out.” : 


REPORT FOR J876. ; rey 


6 


Analysis of Water from Hospital Tank 47 B, 13th September, 1876. 
; Cottonera, Malta. 
Grains per Gallon. 
3 
i s 
Sogou 
Composition. SAS S.S Remarks. 
; Prog 65| 34 
Sestelaek) ¢ 
gues 5) ba | 8 
SI oF A 
5 Fa <q aa 
Oxidizable Organic Matter tee apa ae 3-066 | 1-566 There appears to be 
Oxygen to oxidize Organic Matter + O25 4) an excessive amount 
Ammonia .. . ool we Praces|= or of organic matter, and 
Chlorine (Chloride of Sodium) o oe 1:438 ae on this account alone 
Lime Count ater we S3 on 2372| os the water ought to be 
Total hardness .. han aa ae 9°800 | .. objected to for drink- 
Permanent do... oe sik oe 4000] .. ing purposes. 
Removables A a As oe 5'800 


Physical character; taste indifferent; slightly opaque ; reaction, nil; sediment 
inappreciable. 


Section II, 


On the extent of Invaliding among the Troops serving in the Mediterranean. 


There were 39 non-commissioned officers and men invalided from Gibraltar, 
and 95 from Malta, being in the rates of 8:31 for the former, and of 20°93 per 
1,000 of the strength from the latter Command. Twenty-six men, invalids, 
from Gibraltar, being in the rate of 5:54 per 1,000, were finally discharged the 
service during the year. From Malta 58 invalids, being in the rate of 12°80 
per 1,000 of the strength, were finally discharged. 


Maltae 


Mediterranean 


72 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


aot 


noe 


yo ee et 
RwNHPownurnwior 


| Orders. 


Diseases. 


I. General Diseases. 
Febrile Group He o 


II. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 
Nervous System .. 


Eye oe vs eet 
Ear we ee . . 

Circulatory System os es 
Absorbent Ae oes a “6 
Respiratory ,, .- sie : 

Digestive hoe xe “er 
Urinary pect os oe 
Generative ,, .- ne “4 
Organs of Locomotion .. ae 
Cellular Tissue .. cs “s 


| Cutaneous System 


III. Conditions, &e. 
Debility .. as ate <s 


V. Injuries. 
| Accidental. . 
Self-inflicted 


VI. Surgical Operations 


Total ate ae ane 


| Ratio per 1,000 of Mean f 1876 .. 
Strength 


Constitutional ,, ot och! 


Inyalids sent home 


Invalids discharged 


from at Netley, &c., from 
Ss s a = 
Plata ypeisl2 
So) = a a) a a 
1 il 2 Ne oe 
16 27 | 43 10 -|° 23 23 
1 14. 3B, 2 5 7 
= 1 ik 1 4 5 
23d 4 4g |. 4 4 
= 18. 16 5 11 16 
eS it 1 ae Aa ay 
2 2 2 i 2 3 
2 6 8 a 1 1 
iv 3 A 2 1 3 
si 2 2 a Ae x 
i Ye RS) 1 it 2 
1 ie 1 ae 7 1 
0 oy xe 1 1 
16 9 25 3 3 6 
: 4 4 1 1 
f 1 1 ie a3 
és “as 1 me 1 
39 | 95 ! 194! 26 | 58 | 84 
8:31] 20:93] 14:51) 5:54) 12-80} 9°10 

25 °63| 26-43] 17 -59| 17°29] 17-43 


1866-75) 27 30 


i nn ee SEEEEEEEEEEEEEeEeene 


As regards Gibraltar, all the results are more favourable than those of the 
preceding year. 


Section III. 


Mean Daily Sick. 


The average number of non-commissioned officers and men constantly sick 
in Gibraltar was 175°6, and in Malta 198°94, being in the annual rates of 37°40 
and of 43°83 per 1,000 of the strength respectively ; the first shows a fractional 
decrease on the rate of the preceding year, the last a fractional increase. 

The usual information calculated from these numbers is given in the fol- 
lowing Table :— 


il 


REPORT FOR 1876. 73 
Mediterranean 


Malta 
(exclusive of 
: Royal Malta 
ee Fencible 
Artillery). 
Average Strength in 1876 = 4,695 4,539 
Average constantly Sick, . ws 175°6 19894 
Ratio per 1,000 con- [1876 ..| 37°40 43°83 
stantly Sick 1866-75.. | 33°25 41°15 
f ‘ days days 
Average Sicktimeto [1876 ..| 13°65 16 -00 
each Soldier 1866-75..| 12°14 15°02 
Average duration of [1876 ..| 20°48 19°93 
each case of Sickness | 1866-75.. | 18°56 18-35 


ES 


Compared with 1875 all the results are favourable as regards Gibraltar, and 
unfavourable as regards Malta; but in both instances the differences are 
inconsiderable. 


Section IV. 
Influence of the Age on Mortality. 


The relation of age (arranged in auinquennial periods) to mortality, in the 
troops serving in the Mediterranean Commands, is shown in the following 
Table :— 


s. (eS | ee)28 |S] se 
Bo | as Sk) ok | sk | os 
5 Nios |ws | od} ws] o 3 
? SMS Malia ae ice | a5 

‘=I 
33 — (Average Strength ..| 685 |3,500 |2,099 | 859 | 966] 198 
eee et 5) TL 2a) 1B) 6) 6) 4 
Be oe aus 1:46 | 6-86 | 7-15 | 6-98, 15°53|20-20 
28 1866-75 Do. Do. ..| 2°72 | 6-23 |10-09 | 12°32 15 -99|24 82 


Dominion of 


Canada. 


74 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


IV.—ON THE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING IN THE 
DOMINION OF CANADA. : 


Section I. 


Sickness and Mortality. 


STATISTICAL REPORT, ~s 


Tun force in this Command was stationed at Halifax ; its composition was 
altered during the year by the replacement of the batteries of Royal Artillery, 
the companies of Royal Engineers, and of both of the regiments of Infantry, by 


other corps which had served previously in the Bermuda, and in the West 


India Commands. 

The average annual strength of the troops was 1,760, the admissions into 
hospital were 1,084, the deaths in the Command, with that of an invalid on 
the passage home, were 8; the average number of constantly sick was. 
51:74, The proportions given by these numbers are, for admissions 615'9, 
for deaths 4:55, and for constantly sick 294 per 1,000 of the strength respec- 
tively. The rate of admissions is 42°7, that of deaths is 4°35, and that of. 
constantly sick is 1 per 1,000 men lower, than the corresponding rate of 1875. 

Certain particulars of the results of sickness in the corps serving in the: 
Command are shown in the following Table :— 


> Ratio per 1,000 of oS es 
Py a Strength. g eee 
i) Ss —. oe | Ge 
s g a 3 Vases 
b oy a S 4 i=] as 
Corps. Sr bes Pe Paes " ss 23 ia 
Hick feait sirireghlon omnes gy | eae 
= & 3 1 2 ES 
gelee/2/3| #2) 215/43 lds! #3 | #*2 
5 S Be Bee asi 9 S28 
baleei/A15| 24 | 3 | 4 | 8 |8a| S2 | soz 
ee ee ee a — 
Al : Days.| Days. 
* 7th Brigade Royal Artillery ...| 315 | 177 | 1] 6 | 12°58 | 561-9) 3°17/19°05|39°78) 14-52 | 25-34 
t Royal Engineers aes «| 101 68 4] 4:33 673 *8| ... [89°60/42 87] 15°65 | 23-24 
t Ist Battalion 20th Foot a. | 54 TO ped | 2°14 |1296 °3/18°52) - ... 39°63) 14°47 | 11°16 
§ 1st Battalion 60th Foot ... | 609 | 310 |. 8 | 12 | 12°08 | 5090} 4°98)19°70)19 83) 7-24 | 14°22 
|] 87th Foot eau vas wt | 618 | 416 | 2 | 15°] 20°70 | 673-1) 3°24)24-27/33 50) 12°23 | 18°16" 
@97th Foot wee ses sins fitieaee 33. | vee | ore "59 |.1031°2) vee | 18°44). 6°73 6°55 
Departmental Corps, &e. ...| 30{ 10} 1] 1 TOL aes abseil renee | aeieee ae ae 


* Nos. 1, 2, and 7 Batteries left the Command in February; Nos. 3, 5, and 6 arriyed in Apvril. 
= No. 7 Company was replaced by No. 26 Company in April. 

} Arrived in November. § Left in December. 

} Left in December. @ Arrived in December. 


The rate of prevalence of sickness in the 87th Regiment compares: 
unfavourably with that in the 1st Battalion of the 60th, and the same feature 


_ has been exhibited for three years in succession. It is stated that the number 


of old soldiers in the 87th may account for the greater amount of sickness: 
in it, but this explanation is not supported by an examination of the returns 
of ages furnished. by the Commanding Officers of the regiments, these corre- 
spond very closcly, and it may moreover be assumed that an excess of young 
soldiers would increase the rate of prevalence of sickness in a regiment, 
however favourably the rate of mortality may be influenced by such a circum- 
stance. : 


WAS Rx 


REPORT FOR 1876. 75 


The admissions and deaths in the different classes and orders of diseases 
are shown in‘the following Table :— 


Strength, 1,760. 1876. 1869-75. 
Annual Ratio | Annual Ratio 


per 1,000. per 1,000. 
Diseases. a : | 3 g 
a je) 3s 5 
2 ‘@ A £ a ‘a 2 
o . 4 
Z Eleielz|4 £3 
(S} ¢ = o 
< | O <4 | A 
I. General Diseases. 
1 | Febrile Group an 48 39-0 53 
2 | Constitutional ,, 90 108‘1 | 1:28 
II. Local Diseases. 
1 | Nervous system .. 24. 6 9°5 | ‘75 
2 | Hye or * 16 id W438]... 
3 | Her, we 13 “A 3°0 On 
4 | Nose ae fe 4, 3 5 ay 
§ | Circulatory system 33 aff 8°5 | 1°37 
6 | Absorbent aid 3°6 14°5 hte 
7 | Ductless Glands.. ae me 
8 | Respiratory system 3 74°2 | 1°76 
9 | Digestive is a: “4 81:9 40: 
10 | Urinary oe oe “aby 719 | +26 
11 | Generative _,, Ere i OFSo a: 
12 | Organs of Locomotion .. ‘1 44 "09: 
. 13 | Cellular Tissue .. 9°3 20°0 *O4- 
14 | Cutancous system 9 50°9 | 04 
IIT. Conditions, Se. 
Debility .. ne as APs =i 
IV. Poisons 8°7 40 
V. Injuries. 
2 | Accidental  .. oe 89 +2 79 
83 | Homicidal ie ate 3 ‘09 
4 | Selfinflicted .. ait ‘48, 
VI. Surgical Operations A O04 
No appreciable disease .. 16P aa 
Total ~.. ia 8 1615:9| 4°55 (618 °8 | 8°82 
Average of 10 years : : : ay 
SD haege } 2 .. [642-1] 9:27 re 


Grnerat Disnases;—In both groups of this class there is an important 
reduction in the rate of admissions on that of the preceding year. 

The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases in the class are 
shown in the following Table :— 


Dominion of 
Canada. 


Dominion of 
Canada. 


76 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Ratio per 1,000 - 
of Strength. 


i 
lea) 
D 
o 
i} 
~ 
1-7) 


Diseases. - - 
=) io} S 
3 3 2 
4 é q | 3 
4 <q | A 
a fee eee 
Febrile— 
Eruptive’ Fevers «s ss set 21] +04 
Continued is oe 6 2 12, alyape. 36 
Paroxysmal ,, or See senterers 46 4 
- Choleraic Diarrhea .. es oe 1 2 5 
Influenza ee ts as oe] 24 9°S aa 
Erysipelas oe es os ar 4 44 09 
Other diseases .. AS aE . cig 1:0 *O4 
Total of Febrile Group .. ea 48 39°0 53 
Constitutional— - : 
Rheumatism .. = is : 49 ‘0 a: 
Sophilie /t  lexieh Lo tated untae eRe 31 | “04 
Scrofula, Phthisis, &... 55 asi od: “8 (| 1510 
Seurvyand Purpura .. ae ee i “Oy ih ere 
Anemia a ue ate wef) Visi as : 
Other diseases .. as oe cia 2 “14 
Total of Constitutional Group ..| 90 | 2] 51°1 | 1°14] 108-1 | 1°28 


Evuptive Fevers—Of the admissions in this group 2 were due to scarlet 
fever, and 5 to measles. 

Continued Fevers.—The rate of admissions is only the half of that for the 
preceding year. : 

Choleraic Diarrhea.—One admission for this disease (which is stated by 
the principal medical officer to be of common occurrence amongst the civil 
population in the hot season) took place. - ' 

Influenza, &c.—The rate of admissions is less than the half of that for 
1875 ; but the admissions were in excess in that year. 

Erysipelas.—The proportion of admissions is only the half of that of the 
preceding ycar, and no unequal prevalence of the disease in any corps is to be 
noticed. : 

Rheumatism.—The rate of admissions is 23°3 per 1,000 men lower, or little 
more than half the rate for 1875. 


Syphilis.—The rate of prevalence of this disease is nearly the same as that _ 


for the preceding year. ; 

Scrofula, Phthisis, éc.—The admissions are in a slightly lower rate than 
that for 1875. : 

Locan Diseases. Diseases of the Nervous System.—Nearly half of the 
admissions in this order were on account of neuralgia. 

Diseases of the Eye, were in less than half the proportion of the preceding 
year. 


Diseases of the Circulatory System.—The rate of admissions is 4°5 per 1,090 : 


lower than that of 1875 ; two-thirds of the admissions for all diseases in this 
order were on account of palpitation, a disease of more frequent occurrence 
in the 87th than in any other Regiment, but most of the corps in the Command 
return admissions from it. 

Respiratory System.—There is a small reduction in the rate of admissions 
on that of the preceding year, in conjunction with which there is a lower 
death rate. 

Diseases of the Digestive System—There is an increase of 17°8 per 1,000 


REPORT FOR 1876. rife 


men in the rate of admissions on that of 1875; nearly half of the admissions Dominion of 
was due to tonsillitis, and of the remainder more than half was on account of Canada. 
dyspepsia. The death in this order was caused by dysentery, and was that of 
a man of the lst Battalion 20th Foot, whose illness was not contracted in the 
Command. 
Poisons—The rate of admissions ‘is higher than that for 1875; delirium 
tremens caused 7 admissions; and alcohol, taken in a poisonous quantity, 10. 
Insurius.—Accidental.—The rate of admissions from injuries of this nature 
is 18°9 per 1,C00 men lower than in the preceding year.. Homicidal.—The 
death in this order was from a fracture of the skull, by a kick. 


Officers. 


In an average annual strength of 84 officers, there were 49 attacks of 
illness and 2 deaths, being in the proportions of 583°3 and 23°81 per 1,000 of 
the strength respectively. One of the deaths is returned as due to congestion 
of the liver, the other was a sudden death, the cause of which is not stated. 

Two officers were invalided during the year. 


Women. 


In an average annual strength of 193 women, there were 55 attacks of 
sickness, being in the rate of 285°0 per 1,000 of the strength. No illness was 
fatal. 


Children. 


In a strength of 408 children of non-commissioned officers and men, there 
were 244 attacks of sickness and 20 deaths, being.in the rates of 598°0 and of 
49°02 per 1,000 of the strength respectively. 139 of the illnesses were from 
measles, 8 were from hooping-cough, 2 are returned as due-to remittent 
fever, 1 to diphtheria, and 4 to croup. The death-rate exceeds that of the 
_ children in the Command for the preceding year by 22°19, and it exceeds the 
average of that of persons (presumably of the same ages) in England by-21°80 
per 1,000 of the strength. Of the deaths 1 was due to measles, 1 to remittent 
fever, 1 to diphtheria, 2 to hooping-cough, 1 to croup, 2:to convulsions, 
5 to bronchitis or pneumonia, 3 to diarrhoea, and 4 to debility, one of them 
being congenital weakness. , ; 


SANITARY REPORT. 


Deputy Surgeon-General Shelton reports that “the health of the troops in 
the Dominion of Canada has been very good during the year 1876. Although 
the strength considerably exceeded that of the preceding year, the admissions 
to hospital were fewer ; and the ratio of deaths due to disease was only 2°84 
per mille. The invaliding, however, exceeded that of 1875 by 12 men. 

“ All the medical officers concur with me in thinking that the ablution- 
rooms in the several barracks should be furnished with hot water during the 
cold weather. 

-“ Hospital—There is abundant accommodation in hospital for ordinary cases 
of sickness, but the want of an isolated hospital for infectious cases—both for 
soldiers, women, and children—is much felt, as in the event of an epidemic there 
is really no suitable building available. The few cases of infectious diseases in 
soldiers have hitherto been treated in separate wards in the Station Hospital, 
a course attended with some risk, and the sick women and children have 
been received into the ‘Clock Tower’ building, which has been temporarily 
handed over to the Medical Department when required. A small hospital for 
such cases would render our hospital establishment complete. 

“ Drainage.—The elevated situation of the several barracks (some 234 feet 
above sea level), added to other conditions, secures excellent drainage. - 

“ Barracks.—The barracks occupied by the troops consist of those in the 
citadel casemates and rooms in the Cavalier (masonry), the Glacis Barracks 


“78 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Dominion.of (built of wood), the Wellington Barracks (brick), and, the Artillery Park and. 


Canada. 


South Barracks (both of wood). The troops occupying the first-named are 
uniformly the more healthy body, even though the general conditions of case-. 
mated rooms would not appear to favour this result. 

«“ Latrines—Some difficulty exists in keeping the latrines clean owing to 
their construction, but much attention is paid to them, and with fair success. 

“here are no marked sanitary defects to. be noticed, and minor ones—such 
as the absence of verandahs, double. windows, éc.—have. been or are proposed 
to be rectified. 

“ Movement of Troops.—Some suffering, if not'sickness, has: been caused. by: 
the late period of the year at which reliefs arrive, by reason of the vicissitudes 
of climate, from Bermuda to Nove. Scotia. It must, however, be considered 
on the other hand, that those men landing at Bermuda from Halifax, are 
exempted from the: effects of ‘the hot climate by reaching that place ata 
comparatively cool season of the year. The suffering would be diminished if 
arrangements were made by officers commanding regiments for immediate 
issue tu each man on landing such articles of warm clothing as Government 
advances them money to purchase. . 

~ “ Gyards—A garrison order has been issued directing officers commanding 
corps to make arrangements so that the-men on guard might be supplied with 
hot coffee or chocolate during the winter months. 

“ Clothing, &c.—No change has been made in the clothing: of the troops 
during the year ;—it is suitable to the climate, Extra blankets are issued to 
the troops when the severity of the weather requires it. A skating rink 
(uncovered) has been made in the Glacis Barrack enclosure ; this affords the 
men:the means for outdoor exercise and amusement in winter. 

«The following alterations and improvements have been carried out during 
the year 1876 :— 

“ Artillery Park Barracks.—The surface drainage has been improved. 

“ Citadel.—The lighting has been improved in four officers’ quarters ; 
additional accommodation for 80 men has been secured by raising the roof of 
the Cavalier. The lighting of the casemated rooms has been improved, as 


also the flues, and a storehouse for coals for the winter months has also been 


provided. 
“ Wellington Barracks —The important addition of married quarters for: 12 


- families-has been made, and will be ready for occupation early next year. The 


drying apparatus in the women’s washhouse has been rendered efficient by 
the addition of a chimney shaft. The lighting and ventilation in the boys’ 
school-room have been improved ; double window-sashes have been added to 
half the barrack-rooms.”” 


Surgeon-Major Oliver has called attention, in an annual sanitary report, 
to a simple device by which all “boilers ” (of either the old or new pattern) in 
military kitchens may be converted into “steamers”; and by means of which 
also, the accumulation of steam in those places is effectually prevented at. a 
trifling expense. 

If the boiler should be of the old pattern, having a lid with a steam funnel 
leading to a condenser in the wall, it will only be necessary to furnish it with 
a second inner wooden or galvanized iron lid, made to fit and rest in the boiler, 
two inches beneath the original cover. This will retain the steam in the 
boiler for any culinary purpose required, and all steam that, escapes from 
beneath this znner lid will he conducted by the ower cover and funnel into 
the condenser, and so prevented accumulating in the kitchen, as it does at 
present on all occasions when it is necessary to stop the steam funnels to 


retain steam in boiler. 


Should the boiler be of the new pattern (Deane’s), see Figs. 1, 2 and 3, it will 
be merely necessary to furnish it with an ower instead of an inner lid, having 
a steam funnel leading either to the water tank beneath the fire grate, or to a 
condenser on, or in, the wall, and which condenser may be made to act 
efficiently by being used as a conducting tube for the cold water supply: pipe 
of the boiler. 


REPORT FOR: 1876. 79 


Wher the boiler is required for boiling purposes, the one (funnel) lid only is Domintonof 
needed, and all steam then generated is conducted away by it to the condenser ; Canada. 
but, when it is necessary to convert the “ boiler” into a “steamer,” both lids 
are used, as already explained. 

When the boiling process has to be forced and protracted, asin the cooking 
of pea soup, &c., the funnel lid possesses another special advantage as a “ steam 
extinguisher” ; for, by giving free vent to excess of heat and steam, it renders 
it unnecessary for the lid of the boiler to be altogether removed, as.at present, 
to prevent the contents “ boiling over,” and which latter, in itself, occasions a 
serious increase of steam accumulation in the kitchen. : 


Fra. 1. 


ANTROPOSTERIOR SECTION OF 
Borer (DEANn’S.) 


Shewing A—Tube leading to 
water in  fire- 
grate. 

es B—Waiter-grate. 

sy C—Inner lid. 

thy D—Outer lid showing 
how steam can be 
conducted either 
to grate or con- 
denser E in wall. 


N 


~~ 


TRANSVERSE SECTION. 


C—Inner lid. 

D—Onuter lid furnished 
with steam funnel. 

E—Condensing tube, with 
cold water pipe pass- 
ing through it. 


Dominion of 
Canada. 


80 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
Fie. 3. 


UPprER FRONT VIEW. 


One diagram of upper lid is 
shown in both Figures 1 and 3 
acting in two different ways. 
The lid suggested will, of course, 
only haye one steam funnel ; and 

“ being moveable, can be reversed, 
and act in either direction as 
required. 


Section II. 
On the Extent of Invaliding. 


Thirty-six invalids were sent to England during the year, and 19 were 
finally discharged the service (2 in Canada, and 17 at Netley) ; the proportion 
of invalids sent home is fractionally in excess of that of last year, whilst that 
of invalids finally discharged is fractionally less. 

- Shes diseases which necessitated invaliding are shown in the following 
able :— 


ee 1 


REPORT FOR 1876. 81 


Dominion of 


Livalias Invalids Discharged the Canada, 
Disabilities sent home elles 
: 5 from 
Canada. InCanada. | At Netley. 

Rheumatism .. of vs ve Al oe 1 
Secondary Syphilis A me AG 5 50 6 
Scrofula .. we ate oe “ 1 sie fe 
Phthisis .. oe €e aD oy 4, 1 50 
Paralysis... oe ae oe oe 1 we 36 
Mania .. or as oe oe 1 oe ee 
Dementia es ches Ae - 1 an oa 
Neuralgia So : 5 2 os Bb 
Chorea .. te ws ni 1 ee 1 
Conjunctivitis .. ew o ay 2 oe ae 
Impaired Vision . ws as se ee 1 
Epistaxis. . ee a . 1 ee a 
Deafness... + .. Rie a oe oe 1 
Valve Disease of Heart... aD an 3 1 4 
Palpitation se o ye “i 3 os 2 
Aneurism ar AD es ‘ 1 an ue 
Varicose Veins .. oe Oo 30 ne ee 1 
Enlargement of Glands. , a6 50 2 a 1 
Bronchitis ic AGS ot 30 2 - 3 
Asthma .. ee °* = oe 1 oe 1] 
Pleurisy .. sie oe vs es 1 oe ee 
Abscess .. ee ee we aie 1 ate as 
General Debility ae oe 44 1 3H ED 
Sprain .. AD ve oe : I a) 1 

Total we Be a 36 2 17 

Ratio per 1,000 of [1876 .. on 20°45 1:13 9°50 
Strength «> LIS66¥5 38 17-00 2°53 10 ‘93 


Section III. 
Mean Daily Sick. 


The average number of constantly sick during the year was 51°74, being 
in the rate of 29°4 per 1,000 of the strength, showing a decrease of 1:0 per 
1,000 on that for the preceding year. 

The usual information, calculated from these numbers, is given in the 
following Table :— 


ApS 1876. 1866-75. 
‘Ratio per 1,000 of Strength constantly Sick .. 29 *4 31°17 
days. 
Average Sick time to each Soldier .. ae 10°73 
Average duration of each case of Sickness .. 17 00 


~Compared with the corresponding rates for 1875, that of the average sick 
time to each soldier, is fractionally less, whilst that of the average duration of 
each case of sickness is fractionally greater. 


: 4 
7 - 


82 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Dominion of Section IV. 
Canada, 


On the Influence of Age on the Mortality. 


The death-rates for the several ages (arranged in quinquennial periods) 
are shown in the following Table :— 


Under 20 and 25 and 30 and 35 and 40 and 
20 Years. | under 25. under 30. under 35. | under 40, | upwards, 
Ratio of deaths (1876 ive 5°38 2°93 7°87 .* 
per 1,000 of me { 
Mean Strength (1866-75 4°51 5°06 8°51 12°29 17°18 26°82 


REPORT FOR 1876. ~ 83 


/ 


_V.—ON THE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING IN BERMUDA, 


Section I, 


Sickness and Mortality. 


STATISTICAL REPORT. 


The average annual strength of the non-commissioned officers and men Bermuda, 
serving at Bermuda was 1,934; the admissions into hospital among them were 
1,166, the deaths were 15, the average number of sick in hospital throughout 
the year was 66°42—the rate of admissions is therefore 602°8, that of deaths is 
7°76, and that of daily sick is 34°34 per 1,000 of the strength, respectively. 
The rate of admissions exceeds that of the preceding year by 1°4 per 1,000 
men, the death-rate is 3°29 per 1,000 lower, the average number constantly 
sick is 1:26 per 1,000 higher. 
Some of the most important of the health statistics of the corps which 
composed the garrison, are shown in the following Table :— 


site Hospital ,, a. 


iy Ge. ih yes 


2 o=| 
fat /F . Ratio per 1,000. B&./ 8 
2 |4 eae es fale 
4g/ag/ [8 | 3 | 4 a lena 
Corps. o w|o8 2 S Sac) os | of 
SelSeleles| S | 3 3 13.9] @ | gs | Ss 
gE asisiss ES 2 3 ages & ees 
$7) pai=| s ta Pau =] is Rat 3 2s £6 
4/4 [ala | < a aeis Ald |< 
cam a Days. | Days. 
7th Brig., Royal Artillery ...| 203 | 187 | 2.| 7 | 11-06 | 674:9.| 9-85|34:48|54:48| 19°89] 29°47 
RoyalEngineers ...  ...| 399 | 251 | @| 5 | 10°81 | 629-1 /15-04|12°53] 27-09) 9-95] 15-72 
*Ist Battalion 20th Foot ...| 526 | 306 | 3 | 19 | 20-79 | 581-7 | 5:70 | 36-12] 39-52] 14-43 | 24°80 
46th Foot. 20s Saas 91-| 56] ...| ... | 2°06] 615-4] 2. |... [22-64] 8-26] 13-43 
BONN ye owt deny ans; Adel: 28-)sac} faves). 1084] 63624], cu | ane, | 80240. 11-12) 17047 
§97th ,, nea hos «| 604 | 873 | 2:| 26 | 19°47 | 617°S | 3°31] 43°05 | 32°24] 11°77] 19°05 
Ariny Service Corps ... 
} 67| 15/2]... |  -89 | 228°9 |29°85] ... | 13-28] 4:85] 21°65 


SEE 


* Left the Command in November. t Arrived in the Command in November. 
} Arrived in the Command in December. § Left the Command in December, 


ermuda. - 


84 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


The admissions and deaths in the various classes and orders of diseases are 


shown in the following Table :— 


f 


Diseases. 

2 ; 

ole 

FA relies 
S| 261 8 
3 | aoe 
6 ea ae 
<j <4 

I. General Diseases. 
i | Febrile— Group ree ea! 
2 | Constitutional ,, ea be 8 
II. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 

1 Neryous ae. wie ee 
2 Bye . 35 | .. 
3 Ear we oe 10 | .. 
4 Nose .. we 1|.. 
5 Circulatory System ag 31} 3 
6 Absorbent Me SO hte 
8 Respiratory ,, fe 88 | 1 
9 Digestive = sad: Pd seea de 
10 Urinary : Bie 52] 1 
ik Generative _,, ok LOG oes 
12 Organs of Locomotion.. aaa 
13 Cellular Tissue... oe SO them 
14 Cutaneous System ..| 100).. 
IIL. Debility as 1S) | se 

IV. Poisons af D206 

V. Injuries. 

2 | Accidental. . 8 sist S200] 6 
3 | Self-inflicted ve ni |ermete A 
VI. Surgical Operations..| .. . 

No appreciable disease .. 2]. 
Total .. -- {1,166 | 15 


Average of 10 years,1866-75] .. 


1876. 


Average Strength, 1,934. 


1869-75. 


Annual ratio | Annual ratio 


Deaths. per 1,000 of | per 1,000 of 
Strength, Strength. 
a |i | 

= rou re 
a on E 
a ea eel ae SS : 
BB Bo Sh ee 
o}teli 4 1A < A 
ae 4 | 31°5| 2:07 | 76'°9) 2°35 
na 3 | 86:3! 1°55 | 76°7) 2°13 
as 2 9°3) 1:03 | 10°2| 1:29 
epaltsetal Bedale 2Obil eee 
mer Aeeare OSI nner 3°6)) .. 
staan ere $5) ites eB ivier 
oe, 3y) 16:0) 1°55 8°3) 1°67 
pte line 18:1 AG a BST ae ee 
= 1| 45°5 "52 1 35 °7 "45 
3 1 |115°8 52 1164°0) -91 
bs 1 | 26:9 62 1 291 "30 
Sail sts Oe Sea POT ate 
are Abs Sy oh ha 3°2) .08 
marl tes 20°2 28 °4 -0S 
Baers 51°7 a 66 °2 ‘OS 
mera irae Tedli ss A 
weil) ave 6°2| .. 20°1 “61 
ae . |1382°4) . 112:4) 1°37 
aredy | ate oe 5 “6 “99 
eet ere hd ee eR 
os 3 TOW” os alle Sew 
.. | 15 |602°8| 7-76 | 685 -0/12-31 
oo | oe 706 *0)| 14°73 ute 


Gunurat Diszases.—The proportion of diseases in this class is less by 16:3 
per 1,000 men, than in the preceding year ; the whole of the decrease is in the 
Ferrile group. The constitutional group shows a higher rate ; with a decreased 
prevalence of fevers however, the rate of mortality was higher—nearly twice 
as great,—and, conversely, whilst the prevalence of constitutional diseases was 
greater, the mortality due to them was less than in 1875. 

The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases in this class, are 


shown in the following Table :— 


REPORT FOR 1876. 85 


| i Ratio per 1,000 of Mean 
ee Streneth. ; 

1876 1869-75. 

Diseases. ; re Dae ey 
rs 3 rg 
E 3 E 
“ - /3)8)2)48)2 
= A + =) <4 A 
Febrile— 

Eruptive Fevers ee we Siac | 1 5 | °52 =e eve 
Continued ,, ie va Seite nox 3 | 29°5 | 1°55 | 65°5 | 2°28 

Paroxysmal ,, ae aS etl, Cae ais ais ee Pee ae 

Influenza an we te AG 2 ie DOs era. 9 +2 an 
Erysipelas'.. oe ss ox il ac "Dol as 7a) 708 

Other diseases. . ag ie Seria vate ce Sc a PAPE ts 
Total of Febrile Group .. 61 4 | 81-5 | 2°07 | 76-9 | 2°35 

Constitutional— 

Rheumatism .. 23 ae --| 83 a5 42°9 35°5 ne 
Syphilis. = wa a4 seit Oe Ne 382°0 | .. 30°92 | +07 
Scrofula, Phthisis, &c. a splat as: 2 9°3 |-1:03 | 8-7] 1-90 

Anemia Le td es on 3 ae 1°5 ete jae 
Other diseases. . vs Fe a 1 1 5 52 8 16 
Total of Constitutional Group ..| 167 8 | 86°2 | 1°55 | 76:7 | 2:18 


Eruptive Fevers.—The admission in this group was from scarlet fever. 

Continued Fevers.—LEnteric fever, caused 6 admissions; 3 of the attacks 
were fatal. Three of the admissions for this form of fever were those of men of 
the 97th regiment, 1 was from the Royal Artillery, 1 from the Royal Engineers, 
and 1 from the lst Battalion 20th Foot. The Medical Officer of the St. 
George’s Station Hospital remarks that enteric fever is endemic in the town, 
the sanitary state of it being very defective. Simple continued fever, caused 
only 3 admissions; 48 men were admitted for febricula, a disease of dispro- 
portionately frequent occurrence in the 1st Battalion 20th. 

Paroaysmal Fevers—No admission for any form of paroxysmal fever 
occurred during the year; it will be seen that the station has almost an 
immunity from fevers of this kind, the rate of prevalence for seven years being 
only 1°4 per 1,000 men. This is the more remarkable as the garrison largely 
consists of men who have previously served in the West India Command. 

Rheumatism—tThe rate of admissions is one-fourth higher than that for 
the Ce year. 

' Syphilis—The rate of prevalence is a little lower than that for 1875. 

Scrofula, Phthisis, ée.—With a higher admission-rate, that of mortality 
from diseases of this nature is lower than for the preceding year. 

Locan Diszases.—Diseases of the Nervous System.—One-third of the 
admissions in this order were due to epilepsy, and one-third to neuralgia ; the 
deaths were caused by sunstroke 1, by tumor in the brain 1. 

Diseases of the Hye.—Vhe rate of admissions is 29 per 1,000 men lower 
than that for the preceding year, in which however there was a greatly 
increased prevalence. 

Diseases of the Oirculatory System—The rate of admissions is nearly 
double that for the preceding year; this is due to the large increase in the 
admissions for palpitation, a disease not considerably more prevalent in one 
corps than in the others. 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of admissions is 33. per 1,000 
men lower than the corresponding one of the preceding year ; that of mortality 
is also lower. Tonsillitis, dyspepsia, and diarrhoea, were the diseases which 
caused a majority of the admissions in this order, but the occurrence of 


Bermuda. 


Bermuda. 


86 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


dysentery, 15 admissions, and of hepatitis 11, shows the creel tropical 
character impressed on the illnesses of men serving in the Command ; in one 
instance, hepatic abscess was a sequel of the last-named disease. 

Urinary System—The number of admissions is exactly the same as in the 
preceding year, and the rate of prevalence is only fractionally different. 

Porsons.—The rate of prevalence is the same as that for the preceding year ; 
10 of the admissions were due to delirium tremens, and 2 to accidental poison- 
ing, in one instance by oxalic acid, in the other by castor-oil seeds. 

Insurirs.—Accidental—The rate of admissions exceeds that for 1875 by 
21 per 1,000 men. 


Officers. 
In an annual average strength of 98 officers there were 26 attacks of illness, 
being in the rate of 265°3 per 1,000 of the strength ; no: officer died. One 
officer was invalided. ; 


Women. 

In an average annual strength of 203 wives of non-commissioned officers. 
and men, only 49 attacks of illness are returned. There were 2 deaths, being 
in the rate of 9°85 per 1,000 of the strength; 1 was due to phthisis and 1 to. 
pneumonia. 


Children. 


In an average annual strength of 388 children of non-commissioned officers: 
and men, there were 93 attacks of illness, being in the rate of 239°7 per 1,000 
of the strength, and 16 deaths, being in the rate of 41:24 per 1,000, This 
exceeds the death-rate of persons in Hngland, presumably of the same ages, by 
14-02 per 1,000. The more important kinds of diseases affecting the children 
in the Command, during the year, were hooping cough 20 attacks, and 
diarrhoea 28. ‘There were only 3 attacks of eruptive fever, namely, scarlet 
fever. Only 1 attack of enteric fever is returned, but the fact of a rela- 
tively large mortality from diarrhoea, coupled with the fact that enteric fever,, 
prevailed both amongst the men.and in the civil population, requires to be 
kept in view in. connexion with this comparative exemption of the class most 
susceptible to the invasion of the disease. The deaths were due to hooping- 
cough 1, hydrocephalus 1, convulsions and teething 3, diarrhcea 8, constipa- 
tion 1, general debility 2. 


~ 


SANITARY REPORT, 


Deputy Surgeon-General Sinclair reports that “the general state of health 
of the troops serving in the Bermuda Command during the year 1876 has 
been good; no particular disease has prevailed, and there has been no. 
epidemic. if 

“ A few cases of enteric fever occurred among the men of the Royal 
Artillery and 97th Regiment at St. George’s, which Surgeon-Major O’Farrell 
considered were due to the supply of water for flushing purposes being occa- 
sionally intermittent, and thus allowing foul gases to accumulate in the 
drains. Every effort has since been made to have a continuous supply, and 
the disease has not spread. 

“ One case of enteric fever proved fatal at Boaz, and was attributed by . 
Surgeon Sanders to the man having been employed in cleaning out a choked and 
offensive drain, Imade a careful inspection of the drainage of Boaz at the 
time, and found several imperfections. The situation is low, and the drains 
have been constructed too large to be properly flushed. The Royal 
Engineer Department have introduced several ventilators, and cut off the 
connection with’ the barrack buildings, and no further cases of fever occurred. 
The drainage of Boaz will: probably have to be entirely relaid. 

“ Intemperance continues to be an important cause of disease. 


REPORT FOR 1876. | 87 


“The barrack accommodation is insufficient for the number of troops in Bermuda. 
the island, and a large number of the Royal Artillery are always under canvas 
at St. George’s. Their health does not appear to have materially suffered, but 
it is very desirable for their comfort that hut or barrack accommodation 
should be provided for them, as during stormy weather the tents are occasionally 
blown down, and the men’s clothing and kits become wetted with rain. 

“The accommodation for married soldiers and their families is also very 
limited at St. George’s. 

“ Medical officers report that al] sanitary arrangements in connection with 
barracks and hospitals have been satisfactorily carried out; that the conser- 
vancy is effective, and cleanliness carefully attended to; that the means of 
ablution is sufficient and regularly used ; that the water supply is good and 
sufficient in quantity, stored in tanks above ground, so that there can be no 
soakage; that the quality of the bread and meat is excellent, and the men 
well satisfied with the way in which their food is prepared; that the duties 
are light, and the men chiefly employed on the public works with advantage 
i their health. There is no gymnasium in the islands, but cricket is much 

ayed. 

ty The station hospitals ‘are in good working order, and sufficient for the 
requirements of the sick. A women’s hospital is much required at Prospect, 
which is a camp, and the married people occupy huts. A hut for infec- 
tious diseases occurring amongst women and children should be erected 
in the vicinity of each of the men’s hospitals for infectious diseases. Women 
and children are often the first victims of epidemic disease, and unless the 
early cases can be isolated the infection rapidly extends to the men. 

“The following sanitary improvements are being effected:—The water 
supply to the huts at St. George’s is to be increased by the construction of 
an additional tank. Two blocks of the new barracks at St. George's are now 
complete and occupied by the 87th Regiment. The soldiers’ latrines and 
urinals at Ireland Island are to be reconstructed. At Boaz improvements 
have been made to the drainage generally, and the married quarters are 
being ventilated. A swimming-bath for the men at Prospect has been com- 
pleted at Navy Wells. Steps are being taken to remedy the defects noted 
in the annual inspection reports.” 


Section II. 
On the Extent of Invaliding. 


Fifty-seven invalids were sent home from the Command, and 22 were 
discharged the service at Netley during the year. The proportion of invalids 
sent home is 9°54 per 1,000, or one-third higher than that for 1875 ; that of 
men finally discharged is fractionally higher. 

The classes and orders of diseases to which the invaliding was due are 
shown in the following Table :— 


Bermuda. 


88 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
ee 


P 7 ischa 
Class. | Order. Diseases. hase Heel the Service at 
= onie. 
I. z | Rheumatism bs a ae as 2 iE 
Secondary Syphilis 2° an on 4 2 
Scrofula .. sie me 58 S 1 : 
Phthisis .. at ae ee mie 13 = 
Diseases of the— 
II. 1 Nervous System oe ee ce 2 1 
2 BUY One here are eis ee As 6 2 
3 Ear sie AG : oe en 2 2 
5 Circulatory System .. oe 55 9 6 
6 Absorbent By es A ve 1 Ne 
8 Respiratory ,, SS Ac Ki 1 se 
9 Digestive ener i we . 4 1 
LO Urinary % ve ee oe 3 2 
12 Locomotive ,, ae er we 1 ee 
14 Cutaneous mA AG oe o. AS 2 
Til Debility .. Se a <e i 6 re 
Vs Injuries se os +e or 2 1 
VI. Surgical Operations  .. ee oe ee 2 
Total oe ee 57 22 
Ratio per 1,000 of Strength ee a o iy a ne 


Section III. 


Mean Daily Sick. 
The average number of n6én-commissioned officers and men in hospital 


daily throughout the year, was 66°42. 
Certain particulars, calculated from the number of constantly sick, are 


shown in the following Table :— 


| 1876. | 1866-75. 


—E 


Ratio per 1,000 of Strength constantly Sick ee} 34°34] 35°47 


Days. Days. 
Average Sick time to each Soldier... ~ «+ eo| 12°54) 12°94 
Average duration of each case of Sickness. . we} 20°79 |p = 18583 
le eee eee See ee 
All the rates are fractionally higher than those for 1875. 


Section LV. 


On the Influence of Age on the Mortality. 


The rates of mortality for the several ages, arranged in quinquennial periods, 
are shown in the following Table :— 


Under | 20 and } 25 and | 30 and’| 35 and | 40 and 
20. under 25./under 30.}under 35.|under 40.| upwards. 


Myer 000 of 8 i gly theres |: .. >| 66-68 
per_ 1,000 of Fisesfa) 4-07 | 7-21 | 22-96] 21°51) 8019) 14-68 


REPORT FOR 1876, 89 


VL—ON THE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING IN THE WEST 
INDIES. 


Section I, 
Sickness and Mortality. 


STATISTICAL REPORT.* 


I. Waite Troops. 


Ty an annual average strength of 1,086 non-commissioned officers and men, yy,.1 rygios 
there were 823 admissions into hospital; and, including that of an invalid on Qjnmand 
his passage home, 4 deaths, the average number of constantly sick was 44°95 ; ; 
the admissions are therefore in the rate of 757°8, the deaths of 3°68, and the 
constantly sick of 41:44 per 1,000 of the mean annual strength respectively.’ 
Compared with the corresponding rate of the preceding year, that of admissions 
is lower by 84°8, that of deaths by 5°16, and that of constantly sick by ‘34 
per 1,000 men. 

The troops in the Command consisted of the 5th and 6th Batteries of the 
7th Brigade Royal Artillery, of the 35th Foot, and of details of the Royal 
Engineers, Army Hospital Corps and Garrison Staff, and of Staff Sergeants 
of the West Indian Regiments,.and of the Military Labourers, The stations 
occupied were Barbados, Trinidad, and Jamaica. 


* Compiled from the Monthly Returns of the Command. 


90 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


West Indies The admissions and deaths in the various classes arid orders of diseases, 
Command. are shown in the following Table :-— 


| Orders. 
Admitted. 
Admitted, 


I. General Diseases. BS =. 
1} Febrile Group} 10471}. 194-2 
2! Consiitutional ,, 90-2 “92 | 106°S 


Il. Local Diseases. 


1| Nervous System 120) ‘924. 11°6 
2| Eye .. <- es ee er 11°5 
$| Ear .. se = £28 8°s 
4) Nose.. =e as es ws DS 
5 | Circulatory System . 1OsT | -92 4) 12°71 
6 | Absorbent Be. A dot 3 5! (tia 21-7 
7) Ductless Glands . “- as 2 | 
8 | Respiratory System . 29° |; 6. 32 °9 
9) Digestive me 150-1 | :92 | 122-7 
10 | Urinary ee 64-5] 2. | 102-5 
11 | Generative yal <= 17-5 . 13°6 
12 | Organsof Locomotion 5-5] . 5°83 
13 | Cellular Tissue 13°8 Z 26°8 
14 ) Cutaneous System ..} 107 98-5]. 843 
t 


Til. Conditions, fe. 


Debility 26 23-9 
IV. Poisons .. 5 4-6 
j ¥. Injuries ; 
2) Accidental . af 120 
4 | Selfinflicted Sit 
VIL. Surgical Opera- i 
tions... =e 
© appreciable dis- 
i Ghmet “Se Eee ie 
Total... =<} 823 
Average of 10 years, : 
__ 1868-75 .. enbhas. 


Generat Diseases.—The rate of admissions is 27-6 per 1,000 men lower 
than in 1875 ; the whole of the reduction is in the constiéutional group; the 
rate for the febrile group, is higher. 2 

‘The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases in this class, are 
shown in the following Table — 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


eee 


White Troops. 


General Diseases. 


~. Febrile— 


Eruptive Fevers. . 


Continued 
Yellow 


tee 


‘ 
. 
” ee ae 
ee 


‘Paroxysmal,, .. 


Tnfluenza 

Erysipelas 

Other dise 
Total 


_ Constitu 


ASCS 0. 
of Febrile Group 


tional— 


Rheumatism ., Sa 


Syphilis 


oe 


Scrofula, Phthisis, &c, .. 
Scurvy and Purpura :, 


Auemia . 


. ee ee 


Other diseases .. Bd 


-  Wotal of Constitutional Group 


91 
1876. 1869-75. 
Strength Ratio per Ratio, per 
1,086 1,000. 1,000. 
rg cs rs 
me res OP: 2 
| fs Bh) a ‘5 3 
2}A}4)/a}a}a 
. oe of oe oe 8 ee 
.{ 93 oe S5.6or es. 125 °5} 2°19 
SRE ee : oe oa 4.3) 1°65 
Saree : 1Shilawe 59-2} 1°10 
x cE ROM \anaere 2:2)... 
sr 1 Ah mec Le Dhows 
$ 1 ‘ ‘9 1‘0) «. 
113 + 1204-0 194 °2| 4°94 
+.| 28 ve 25 °8 5 a tas a 
ee Be oo 64-4] os 
. 5 1 4°6 92 8°7| 2-08 
Pc sla ve . 30 PHS ise 
. 4, oe 3:7 ils 4 hae 
ws An SS: 5 
»-| 98 1’ | 90-2 ‘92 | 106°8} 2°08 


Continued Fevers.—The rate of admissions is 20'2 per 1,000 men higher than 

in the preceding year. 
Enteric Fever, caused only 1 admission. 
Simple Continued Fever, and Febricula, together caused 92 admissions, the 
greatest prevalence being in the second quarter of the year ; no attack ended 


fatally. 


Paroxysinal. Fevers. 


The rate of admissions is 8-2 per 1,000 men lower than 


that of 1875. There were 6 admissions for remittent fever ; all the others were 


for ague. 


eumatisn.—The rate of prevalence is 5:1 per 1,000 men lower than in 
the preceding year. 


Syphilis.—The rate of admissions is 17°3 


preceding 
Serofu 


year. 
la 


half of that of 1875. - 

Looan Disnaszs.—Each group of diseases in this class shows a lower rate 
than in the preceding year, except that of diseases of the cutaneous system, 
The most important reductions-aré in those of the absorbent, respiratory, and 


winary systems, 


per 1,000 men lower than in the 


, Phthisis, &c.—The proportional prevalence is little more than the 


For diseases of the digestive system the decrease is only” 


2°9 per 1,000 men, but the rate of mortality from them is little more than one- 


fourth of 


that in 1875. 


Connirrons, &0,—Dedility.The rate of admissions is more than double 


that of th 
1875. 


® preceding year. 


Potsons.—The rate of admissions is 6:9 per 1,000 men lower than in 


Ingunies,—Accidental.—The rate of admissions is 44 per 1,000 men lower 
_ than in 1875, 


West Indies 
Command. 


West Indies 
Command. 


92 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


- 


II. Buack Troops.* : 

The Black Troops serving in the Command, consisted of a wing of the Ist 
West India Regiment, of the 2nd West India Regiment, and of a detachment 
of Military Labourers. 

The stations occupied were, Demerara, Trinidad, Barbados, Jamaica, 
ine me and Bahamas ; for a short time also a detachment was stationed at 

obago. 

The average annual strength of the force was 1,020 non-commissioned 
officers and men (exclusive of White Staff Sergeants), the admissions into 
hospital were 1,214, the deaths 19, and the average number of constantly sick 
57; the proportions given by these numbers are, for admissions 1,190, for 
deaths 18°62, and for constantly sick 55°88 per 1,000 of the strength respec- 
tively. Contrasted with the corresponding proportions of the preceding year, 
that of admissions is 174°5 per 1,000 men higher, that of deaths is 1°45 higher, 
but the constantly sick rate is 2'93 per 1,000 lower. — 

The admissions in the different classes and orders of‘diseases, are shown in 
the following Table :— 


Black Troops. 1876. 1869-75. 
Strength Ratio per Ratio per 
1,020. 1,000. 1,000. 
Diseases. A : 5 
3 3 3 
Z Bs ‘ z wag : 
2 Boge). 2 Sie 
DA “4 ot 
fo) 4 | A 4 | Al 4/4 
I. General Diseases. 
1 | Febrile Group.. Ap «| 289 2 | 283-3 | 1-96] 168-3) 2°26 
2 | Constitutional ,, os «| 256 |. 11 | 251-0 |10°78} 245-4) 8°33 
II. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 
1 | Nervous System .. ae slotline ete 1297S scr fn LO alle 
2 | Eyo od apl) palh TREN? 206/40 See ey can 
3 | Ear a es oe ae Balers AQ | ee 26] 
4 | Nose es a an oe ie a0 5 Fe Ol sere 
5 | Circulatory System me 18 1 17°6 | ‘98] 9:0) 1°65 
6 | Absorbent a Wr ‘ee 14: tree 13°77 wale Ole tre 
8 | Respiratory ,, ie Bee 66 ih 64°7 | 98] 59°2| 2°58 
9 | Digestive Fr +e oe oF if 95°1 98} 91°7| 1°54 
10 | Urinary * 5 ie alo 2 | 175°6 | 1°96, 1386-7]  °82 
11 | Generative AS A An Bal) ars S14) leh ZAG) esos 
12 | Organs of Locomotion . > Guanes 5291) gael | (ek bade ee 
13 | Cellular Tissue os : 37 1 86°3.| °98} 21:5) «. 
14 | Cutaneous System i re BBP he MR NOP cre 81°8| .. 
III. Conditions, &c. 
Dee Gs aT thy Seal oles 4°6| °10 
IV. Poisons .. as Gia haiaye 3:0) °21 
V. Injuries. 
1 | Battle “7 ee etl oc as LBi ks 
2,| Accidental .. es ae Ag TOU |i 99-0} *41 
4, |. Self-inflicted e ie om Les} ieee “Lr “62 
VI. Surgical Operations, . 30 an Dll ee 
No appreciable disease .. a TN Se if:9|) 10: 
Total °.. > «4,241 019 18 -62]1020 -4|20 -47 
Average of 10 years, 1866-75..| .. re A ae 


* Compiled from the Monthly Returns of the Command, 


REPORT FOR 1876. 93 


GENERAL DisEAsus.—The rate of admissions for diseases of this class is 134°5 West Indies 
per 1,000 men higher than in 1875; the whole of the excess is in the febrile Command. 
group ; for diseases of the constitutional growp, there is a decrease of 27° per 
‘1,000 men. ‘The rate of mortality for the class is higher than that for the pre- 
ceding year by 1°30 per1,000 men. he rate of the febrile group, is less than the 
half of that of 1875, whilst for the constitutional group, there is an increase 
of 4:24 per 1,000 men. 

The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases of this clasg, are 
shown in the following Table :— 


Black Troops. 1876. 1869-75. 
Strength, Ratio per Ratio per 
1,020. 1,000 1,000 
General Diseases. 3 rd ro 

8 s 8 

= = be 

ee wien fete 

~| QA = =) =| A 

Febrile Group— 

Eruptive Fevers ve ae on 1 ve LO inthe eis 5°5 ‘10 
Continued ,, .. ar sie +e 65 = G37 ls. 44.°6 82 
Yellow ee cs os as oe 48 : 6 10 
Paroxysmal ,, .. ee an +. | 220 2 |215°7 | 1°96 }111°2 | 1°14 
Influenza, . oe ee +e sisal Melere ae ' HS coe 
Drysipelas ee as a oe 3 45 2°9 Ci eee 
Other diseases .. oe ae eel es F os 50 10 


Total of Febrile Group .. ..| 289 2 |283°3 | 1-96 |168°3 | 2-26 


Constitutional Group— . 


Rheumatism .. re os SO\) eis) ne 83°3 | .. 68 °5 10 
Syphilis .. ie an 28 «.| 148 ecole eee ILai7 °7 Ail 
‘Scrofula, Phthisis, &c. .. an fille oal 11 | 20°6 /10-78 } 26°8 | 7-92 
Scurvy and Purpura .. Bee eerie Wao oe oe on PAN Go 
Anemia .. ai An ae An 2 as ZLOB 6 1 el aa 
Other diseases .. ee oh: ly tee 1 oes me 8 10 


Total of Constitutional Group ..| 256 11 |251°0 |10°78 [245 +4 | 8-33 
SSS SS i SS 


Eruptive Fevers.—The admission was for measles. 

Continued Fevers.—The rate of admissions exceeds that of the preceding 
year by 38°4 per 1,000 men, being considerably more than double. 

Paroxysmal Fevers—The rate of admissions exceeds that for the preceding 
year by 125°7 per 1,000 men. 

Rheumatism.—The rate of admissions exceeds that for 1875 by 17:1 per 
1,000 men. ie hee 

Syphilis—tThe rate of admissions is lower by 36'9 per 1,000 men, than that 
of the preceding year. 

Serofula, Phthisis, éc.— Whilst the rate of admissions is lower than that of 
the preceding year by 8°8 per 1,000 men, the rate of deaths is 4°24 per 1,000 
higher. The rate of prevalence of diseases of this nature is more than four 
times higher, and the rate of deaths is more than ten times higher than 
in the case of the White Troops serving in the West India Command, in the 
- present year. 

Locat Dismasns.—The rates of prevalence of diseaszs of the nervous” 
system, of the eye, of the absorbent system, and of the orgs of locomotion, 
are lower than the corresponding ones for 1875, whilst the rates for diseases of 
the circulatory, respwratory, digestive, wrinary, generative, and cutaneous systems, 


West Indies 
Command. 


94 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


and for diseases of the cellular tisswe, are higher ; for the,wespiratory system, 
the increase amounts 23°, and for the urinary system, to 32'5 per 1,000 men ; 
in each of the other instances the i increase is not material. 

Insunrus.—A ceidental.—The rate of admissions is lower than in 1875, by 
20°2 per 1,000 men, 


Secteon II. 
On the Latent of Invatiding. 


Five non-commissioned officers and men of the White Troops were invalided 
home, and 4 invalids from the Command were nally ceeeed the service at 
Netley during the year. 

38 non-commissioned officers and men of the Black Troops serving in the 


West India and in the West Africa Settlements Commands, were discharged the 


Service during the year. 


White Troops. Black Troops. 
- West Indies and 
Windward and Leward Tslands “West -Afeida 
. Settlements. 
Mean Strength .. Be L086 fopeg. (IN) 1,372. 
eet ; Discharged as 
£Ticali lin: TInvalids Discharged as re 
Classes of Disabilities. sent Home. _ |Invalids at Netley: Tnyalids in the 
Colonies. 
I. General Diseases. |" ho diseases from | : The diseases from 
Constitutional Group ..| which the 5] = ea which the 31 
Bi invalids who i ““men who were 
Il. Local Diseases. were sent home | : ‘invalided in the 
suffered, are West Indian 
Diseases of the— not specified in Command  suf- 
the returns. fered, are not 
Digestive System .. ao 1 specified in the 
returns. 
Organs of Locomotion .. 1 
General Total .. a 5 4 88 
Ratio per 1,000 [ 1876 .. 4:60 3:68 - 27-70 


of Mean Strength | 1866-75 28:14 12-96 17:25 


REPORT. FOR 1876.... 95 
West Indies 


Command. 
Section ITI. 


Mean Daily Sick. 


The average number of White Soldiers constantly in hospital, was 45 ; the 
average number of Black Soldiers was 57. 

The usual information calculated from these numbers is given in the 
following Table :— 


White | Black 
Troops. | Troops. 


1876 «-| 41:44| 55-88 
1866-75 ..) 43°96 | 57°15 


——— | 


Strength constantly 


‘ Ratio 4 “‘per-1,000 of 
Sick. 


Mean Sick time to f 1876 Sa abe we 1 1 20)40 
each Soldier. 1866+75 ..| 16°04} 20°86 
Average duration of { 1876 onl 19°96") 17-14 
each case of Sickness | 1866-75 ..| 16°07 | 19°72 


Section IV. 
On the Influence of Age on the Mortality. 


The data for the ie Tha of this information are not contained in the 
Monthly Returns. 


96 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT | 


VIL—ON THE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING IN THE WEST 
AFRICA SETTLEMENTS COMMAND. 


Section I. 


Sickness and Mortality. 


STATISTICAL? REPORT. 


1. Wuit Troops. mr 


; THE average annual strength of the European non-commissioned officers 
OE as serving in fee Canaan was 10; the admissions into hospital amongst them 
were 18 ; no death occurred ; two staff-serjeants were invalided ; the average 
daily sick was °69. 
_ The admissions were mostly due to paroxysmal fevers. 


a2-—Buiack Troops. 


The Black Troops in the Command consisted of the service companies of 
the 1st West India Regiment, stationed at Sierra Leone, and at Cape Coast. 

The average strength of the Black ‘Troops was 525; the admissions into 
hospital amongst them were 738; the deaths were 8; the average of con- 
stantly sick was 29°48. The rates given by these numbers are, for admissions, 
1405°7 ; for deaths, 15:22; and for constantly sick, 56°15 per 1,000 of the 
strength respectively. Therate of admissions is one-seventh higher, that of 
deaths is a fifth lower than the corresponding rate of the preceding year. 

For the Sierra Leone station the admission rate is 1545-4 per 1,000 of the 
strength, and the death-rate is 14:21; for the Cape Coast station the admission 
rate is 1127-8, and the death-rate 11°63 per 1,000. 


The admissions and deaths in each class and order of diseases are shown in 


the following Table :— 


- 


oP whe 


Black Troops. 


Diseases. 


I. General Diseases. 
Febrile Group.. 
Constitutional ,, .. 


If. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 

Nervous System .. 
Eye 
Ear 
Nose 
Circulatory System 
Absorbent 
Respiratory 
Digestive ..,, 
Urinary 
Generative _,, 
Organs of Locomotion 
Cellular Tissue 
Cutaneous: System 


IIL. Conditions, de. 
Debility 
IV. Poisons 

V. Injuries. 


oe ee 
ee 
ae ae 


29 


Battle oe 
Accidental. . 
Homicidal.. 
Self-inflicted 
Judicial 


Not stated. . 


Total 


No appreciable disease Es 


oe 


IV. Surgical Operations... 


. 


REPORT FOR 1876. o7 
ee 
1876. 1869-75. 
Mean Strength.| Ratio per Ratio per 
525. 1,000. 1,000. 
oF : ; 
1) eae Ba og VE age am 
< A = A < a 
225 1 | 428-6| 1:90] 513-7 | 6-11 
157 4 | 299°0| 7-62] 244°3 | 7-12 
eae 9°5 |: 168 | 2:80 
on ieee ieledelt oe es eB 
Bats: | 203) Ses 
a . of i “BiG. 6 
3 1 5°7 | 1:90 71 | 1°02 
Ce een B43 |) o. feral. 
al Sa Ae eee 96°4 | 4:33 
72 1 | 187-1] 1-90] 211-2 | 9-16 
79 1 | 150°5|1:90] 110°9| -76 
ee i BOTA. as 244] .. 
Bey. A. esi) ae 15:0 | °51 
Lhe Cr an a 48-1] ‘51 
CoM hy eR a 136°4 |... 
Stat Ei/e ee 08 ae 
be Sal eee es ar BD al tes 
er : = ze 17:8 | 1:78 
368 Ce dalle 845 | 1-02 
: ; * as *B | °25 
A ; : Ad #°0 fle. 
inl ae eye. 
a erect deste TESS Y Hine she 
IOP es 1°9 ee 
738 8 | 1405-7 | 15-22] 1585-0 | 35°37 
.. | 1514-4 | 36-44 : 


Average of 10 years, 1866-75 


GenrRAL Disnases.—The rate of admissions of diseases of the febrile group 
jis 149° per 1,000 higher than that of the preceding year, but is 23°9 per 
1,000 Jower for that of the constztutional group. 

The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases in this class are 
shown in the following Table :— ~ 


West Africa. 


98 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


West Africa. ——————————— ee 
Black Troops. Ratioper1,000 of 
| Mean Strength, 
1876. 
General Diseases. 3 3 
= A < a) 
Febrile Group— 
Eruptive Fevers. . 1 a0 f3 a es 1:9 Ki 
Paroxysmal ,,” .. 50 35 «| 200 1: | 89:04) SO 
Other diseases .. ae Sie ef ZA ed oes “4s AB “7 
~ Total of Febrile Group a peg eye 1 | 428°6 1-90. 
Constitutional Group-- : it 
Rheumatism .. Ai a ae 8 ae 62 °9 
Syphilis .. “e oe 46 role LO” .. | 203°8 ne 
Scrofula, Phthisis, &c. .. fe si Ts. 4 22:9 | 7.62 
Other diseases .. on is 3 5 be 9°5 1 4 
Total of Constitutional Group ..| 157 4 || 299-1 | 7-62 


returned in this group. 
Continued Fevers.—No admission is returned. 
Paroxysmal Fevei's.—The rate of admissions is 105'1 per 1,000 men higher 
than that of 1875. Nearly the whole of the admissions in this group took 
place at Sierra Leone, where the death also happened. 
Other Discases.—All the admissions were for mumps, and they are returned 
exclusively from the Sierra Leone station. as 
Rheumatism.—The rate of admissions is less than the half of that of the 
preceding year. . 
Syphilis.—The rate of prevalence of this disease exceeds that of 1875 by 
55'1 per 1,000 men; only 6 of the admissions took place in the Gold Coast 
station of the Command. 
 Scrofula, Phthisis, §c.—With a rate of admissions little more than a-half of 
that of the preceding year, the death-rate is nearly the same. 
Other Diseases.—All the admissions in this group were on account of 
general dropsy. ; 
TLocan Disnasns.—Diseases of the nervous system, of the eye, of the circu- 
latory, and respiratory systems, are in lower proportions than in 1875, the 
decrease in the instance of the last-named being 38°5. Diseases of the 
digestive, of the urinary, and of the cutaneous systems, are allin higher rates - 
than those of last year ; in the, instance of diseases of the urinary system, it | 
amounts to 62°4 per 1,000 men. f ) 
Porsons,—The admission in this class was due to a snake-bite. 


Officers. 


The average annual strength of the Officers serving’ in the Command was 
33, amongst whom there were 57 attacks of illness and 1 death; most of the 
former were owing to paroxysmal fevers. The death was that of an officer 
from the Cape Coast station, and was due to dysentery.- Six Officers were 
invalided during the year—three on account of fevers, ague in one instance 
remittent fever in two; one officer was invalided for dysentery, one on account 
of hypochondriasis, and one on account of debility. 


REPORT FoR 1876.. 99 


SANITARY REPORT. 


Surgeon-Major Hox reports :—“ The sanitary state of the barracks, military 
hospital, and grounds in their immediate vicinity, has been satisfactory 
during the year. The drainage, from the natural slope of the ground and 
porous nature of the soil, is sufficient.’ The barracks for the men would be 
much improved by having fireplaces or stoves erected in each room; the rooms 
are very damp during the rains, and the men have no way of drying their 
clothes. 

“The cubic accommodation was not increased, with the exception of two 
rooms on the basement floor, referred toin my report. The ventilation is ample 
in all the different buildings. The cooking is not sufficiently varied ; soup 
and boiled meat, supplemented with vegetables, which the men are obliged to 
purchase themselves, constitute their daily mess. The ovens are unused and 
useless, not being adapted for the fuel of the country, which is wood. 

“The clothing remains the same, and, with the exception of the leggings, 
appears suitable for the climate of the station and season of the year. The 
drains around barracks and hospital, &c., that were injured by the heavy rains 
during the wet season, have all been repaired, and are now in an efficient 


state.” 


_ West Africa. 


Cape of Good 
Hope and 
St. Helena. 


100 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


VIIL—ON TIE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING AT THE CAPE 
OF GOOD HOPE AND ST. HELENA. 


Section I. 
Sickness and Mortality. 


STATISTICAL REPORT. 


The average annual strength of the force was 2,739 non-commissioned 
officers and men, of whom 171 were stationed in St. Helena. The admissions 
into hospital (in both portions of the Command) were 2,095; the deaths, 
including that of an invalid on the passage home, were 21. The average 
number constantly sick was 110. The proportions given by these numbers 
are—for admissions, 764'9 ; for deaths, 7°67 ; and foreonstantly sick, 40°16 per 
1,000 of the mean strength respectively. 

The rate of admissions is 10°7 per 1,000 men lower than that of last year, 
the death rate however is ‘37 per 1,000 higher. j 

For the St. Helena portion of the Command, taken separately, the admission 
rate is 900°6, and the death rate 5°85 per 1,000 of the mean strength. 

The corps of which the force (inthe Cape of Good Hope portion of the 
Command only) consisted, and certain of the most important of their health 
statistics, are shown separately in the following Table :— 


en q 4 pos 4 
3 
5 gS ASEE §£ 
iy oO, Ss a) aS) o 
ek ee abelg has 
- Sa r=) ay se 2 9 Ces | 
a 3 E a E as - & 
S ° S ~ 2 ao og ry 
Re As ea 8H S B98 
3 =) > f2onn oey 
» Se E 2.4 » Hog 
nD q o8-AB 2 As 
ef 8 pee" Ar 
ed A 2 8 ody ao wi eB 
pe 8 3 IEG gts 
3S Sear 
—— a 
q oD 12 : 
“3 *popryeauy = © R mo ° 5 
S - xi (-) i] BY) ° 
= = o a FE 
os ; SS 
i 19 oe) = 
ae 2 8 3 Z 
aE & 19 re) a 4 
ga as s 
= = = oe = a 
ia “poqqtup Vy a ir) Re) > S 
lor) lop} ee) 10 
cop) Y & © FI 
io} 
“poprieauy | a oO = o Sas 
Z 
‘parc | = 19 & ; > 
5 bhi 
*reyidsopy ogut poqgrut 3 3 8 8 3 % a % 
[ev rp cael hb En) as = ® a 
F oO + & =) 2 ey E 
748UI.49 ]BNUUY OSBIOA E 
Yswe.yg yeouTy y | Cid SE) Sere 3 Se ai * 
“puvurntoyy a a x 
Ol]} UI OIAIEG JO s1BO x 
> oa 
| ee ey ee i : 3 
; S = R 
1 Eee aed ; ne 
“ o oD 5 . | 
e | 288 & 23 
8 se eee a 3° 5a 
o a = ee 2 S 5 
a a <= & Roeon 
tee. ae 
° 2 ae) a sO 
Spa Ss ae = 


REPORT FOR 1876. 101 


The admissions and deaths, in the various classes and orders of diseases, Cape of Good - 


are shown in the following Table :— Hope and St. 
Helena. 
ee ee a ll le 
1876. 1869-75. 
| . Mean Strength, 2,739. Annual Ratio 
per 1,000 
Deaths. Ratioper1,000} of Strength. 
Diseases. 3 : 
2/2l8| | : 
3s o o 
i SE Seed, 8 eats 
8 | Suis 5 : fe 
3 Shorea | 8 8 | ¢ 
=] . co} q cH ° os 4 os oj 
° 4/8 !1O};}a] = A <4 A 
I. General Diseases. 
1 | Febrile Group rel LOO Teed tl sei 2{| 72:6 73] 100°4 | 70 
2 | Constitutional ,, a OOLU taped. 2) 1428 73) 187°9 | 2:25 
If. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 
1 | Nervous system.. Palate elec” |) > “3p 12-8 | 1°32 
See SOO oe Pe. Las | 868. [40-7 
B obarts. 13). ae 3 15 Stealers 55] oe 47 
4 Nose oe ee A . oe oe “4 ee *4, 
5 | Circulatory system oe| 383] Aloe | 4] 12-4) 1:46) 13°1 1°65 
6 | Absorbent ,, MSO astal ier rman eee Ol ac 17:4 
8 | Respiratory ,, Re SSal SSiiss 3 | 30°3| 1-09] 33-2] “80 
9 | Digestive 3 So 78 Nan ei |e 5 | 98°9| 1°82] 146°8 | 1 cH 
10 | Urinary on i aol eet ihata ele PLC Al ee 1581 
11 | Generative ,, oe ae Pea fare | ORNS BB) sis 14°0 
12 | Organs of Locomotion ..| 13}..}.. |. ray | eae 5'1 
13 | Cellular Tissue .. cs LT fas aecienea ac 20-8) .. 25-0 
14 | Cutaneous system SHI EOL Tees olae 73°3| . 83 °3 


III. Conditions, &c. 
Debility .. an wa HLNZ) lcs ete hata | ars 


a OD 
~r_ 
~~ 
co 
wa 
iv>) 


IV. Poisons oe Salis allies 2 
V. Injuries. 
2 | Accidental ee ee} 389} 1}... 1 | 142-0 37] 128 °4 | 1 a 
3 | Homicidal ae Braille rele Tat |ilee uleece os 
4. | Self-inflicted .. 5 sil dares Toles Sn an "37 
VI. Surgical Operations Pog ota MM Selle oe aT 
No appreciable disease .. Solna nace art cP 
Total si ..} 2,095 | 20 | 1) 21 | 764 9! 7°67 988 °2 62 
* | Average of 10 cans yy oe 
eee ee |b ise | eb -- (1080-9) 10-74 


GuneRAu Disnases.—The rate of admissions is lower than that for 1875, 
by 12'2 per 1,000 men, the whole of the decrease is inthe constitutional group ; 
in the febrile group the rate exceeds that of the preceding year by 17:9 per 
1,000. 

The admissions and- deaths from the principal diseases in the class, are 
shown in the following Table :— 


102 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Be 0 A MM CN ts Ree ad arse la a Nese SS eee oi ees aster a # 


Hope and St. 1876. q 1869-75. 
Helena, Raber wale Pate! woe 5 ate ee, ee 
Mean Strength, 2,739. ‘Annual Ratio _ 
; ; per 1,000 
; Deaths. |Ratioper1,000] of Strength. 
General Diseases. Ss meee nek ieee eS 
< i) E : =] Z = A 
Se a Os ee 
P Ls! $ 3 aS ce 
A\;/4 ele) 4 |-A ) = ie 
Febrile— 
Eruptive Fevers a6 sis shun acpitieeeg hea taes Se BAT aig 74 ee 
Continued ,, .. a6 ..| 140 EB ae OE 87 cA Gly see 
Paroxysmal ,, .. ae ne} — aE 1 1} 14:91 +87. 1. 8070). *25 
Cholera .. ate ae Bice Be i . ee 
Tnfluenza A ae Pat lige a es bi Ie 5g 4 abs 22°6 
Erysipelas ts ae 20 eb Date Hani tie ny 37 ao 
Other diseases .. ae ate de Wicca, Aye eee me “4 AO) 
Total of Febrile Group ..| 199 2 2] 72:6) *74 | 100-4) +70 
Constitutional— 
Rheumatism. ., Hits ee ger ecm prt ihre! ea 48°6) .. -41°6) +05 
Syphilis... ais 58 Sach SARS) erate ated aie 88°57 ss 135 °3} , +20 
Scrofula, Phthisis, &e... oe] 14 5 WF i EM Ye 24 Sy 7S 8°6| 2°00 
Scurvy and Purpura .. HS Loy oka ot Al. Sie Mh 
Anemia... 46 Poll rretemere Se cdintepat teal e ai a 6 ISS am a 
Other diseases .. te aie ears Rieu (Bach io a Oh aoe 
Total of Constitutional Group | 391 1 1] 2 | 142-8) -78 | 187-9] 2-25 


Eruptive Fevers.—Only one admission is returned, it was due to measles. 
Continued Fevers.—The rate of admissions exceeds that of 1875, by 20°5 
per 1,000 men, nieric Fever, caused three admissions; one attack ended 
fatally. : 
Paroxysmal Fevers.—The rate of prevalence is a little higher than that for 
the preceding year; of 41 admissions for fevers of this nature 35 were those 


of men of the 32nd Regiment. 

Erysipelas—The rate of prevalence is about one-fifth of that of the 
preceding year. 

Rheumatism.—tThe rate of prevalence is a little lower than in 1875, ; 

Syphilis—There is a decrease of 26-9 per 1,000 on the rate of prevalence of 
the preceding year. 

Scrofula, Phthisis, de.—The prevalence of diseases of this nature is in a 
little higher rate than in 1875, the rate of mortality is also higher. 

Loca Diszaszes. Diseases of the Hye.—The rate of admissions exceeds that 
of the preceding year by 4:0 per 1,000 men ; excepting 12, all the admissions in 
this order were on account of conjunctivitis, a disease of disproportionately 
frequent occurrence in the Ist Battalion of the 13th loot; respecting it the 
medical officer remarks, “‘Ihe Battalion has suffered a good deal from con- 
junctivitis of a very intractable form, and hardly amenable to any mode of 
treatment........ Many (of the men admitted) have been in hospital five and six 
months, and will require to be invalided.”’ ino 

Diseases of the Circulatory System.—The rates of prevalence and of mortality 
for diseases of this order, are only fractionally different from those of the 
preceding year ; half of the admissions were for palpitation. _ 

Diseases of the Respiratory System.—The rate of prevalence exceeds that of 
the preceding year by 6°6 per 1,000 men, the rate of mortality is about one- 
third higher. ; 


REPORT FOR 1876, 103 


_ Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of prevalence is 17°1 per 1,000 Cape of Good 
men lower than that for the preceding year, but the rate of mortality is nearly Hope and St, 
five times higher ; two of the deaths in this order were caused by dysentery, Helena, 
and three by hepatitis. ; x 

Diseases of the Urinary, and of the Outanéous Systems, are in higher rates of 
prevalence than the corresponding ones for 1875. 

Conditions, &60.—Debility.— The rate of admissions for this affection is little 
more than the half of that for the preceding year. 

_ Inovurres.— Accidental—tThe rate of admissions is only fractionally different 
from that of 1875, but the rate of mortality is 1:08 per 1,000 men lower, the 
death was due to drowning. Selfinflicted—The death in this order was by 

gunshot. Z 
‘ Officers. 

_ he average annual strength of the officers serving in the Command was 
92); amongst whom there were 54 attacks of illness and 2 deaths: being in the 


rates of 587-0 and of 21°74 per 1,000 of the strength respectively. Both of the 
deaths were from consumption. 


Women. 


- \ The annual average strength of the wives of the non-commissioned officers 
and men was 201, amongst them there were 132 attacks of illness and 6 deaths 
(in the Command), being in the annual rates of 656-7 and of 29:85 per 1,000 of 
the strength respectively ; twelve attacks of illness were of dysentery. The 
‘deaths were caused by consumption (3), dysentery (1), cancer (1), and.1 
was due to the puerpural state. 


Children. 


In a strength of 414 children of non-commissioned officers and men, there 
were 242 attacks of illness and 12 deaths, being in the proportions of 584°5, 
and of 28°99 per 1,000 of the strength respectively. In point of numbers the 
more important illnesses were whooping-cough, conjunctivitis, bronchitis, and 
diarrhoea. The deaths were due to diphtheria (1), convulsions (8), diarrhoea 
(5), enteritis (1), debility (1), and suffocation (1). 


SANITARY REPORT. 


Deputy Surgeon-General Woolfreys reports :—“'The sanitary state of the Cape of Good 
several garrisons in the Command during the year 1876 has been satisfactory ; Hope. 
the general health of the troops has been good, and there have been no causes 
of. disease particularly affecting health reported by any medical officers. 
Sanitary defects of urgency, or those not requiring large outlays of public 
money have been remedied at once; whilst those of no immediate importance 
have been noted in the annual estimates. E 

“he prevailing diseases have been, as usual, venereal affections, causing 
nearly one-fourth of the total admissions during the year. No epidemic has 
occurred amongst the troops, notwithstanding that influenza and cerebro- 
‘spinal meningitis have been prevalent amongst the civil population throuzhout 
the colony, Bee Ne a 

-“ Oape Town.—The Castle Ditch is occupied by one of the principal sewers 
of the town. It is formed by the junction of three tributary sewers in the Sir 
Lowry Road, runs as an open sewer along the eastern ditch and empties itself 
onthe beach. Owing to the shifting nature of the sand, especially in summer, 
‘when there are no storms and floods to wash it away, it collects and 
forms an embankment, so that the sewage cannot escape into the sea, and 
is therefore scattered all over the foreshore. Again, owing to the breakwater 
or some other obstruction in the harbour, the sewage of the town cannot escape 
out to sea, but at certain states of the tide is thrown back upon the beach at 
the same spot under the Imhoff Battery. In fact, the sea beach from the 
Castle to the Hospital is all in a more or less polluted state during the summer 
months. Representations have been repeatedly made to the municipal 
authorities but to no purpose, as a very large outlay of money would be 


104 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Cape of Good required to remedy the evil. The Royal Engineers made an effort to discharge 


Hope. ; 


St. Helena. 


the sewage from the Castle Ditch directly into the sea by laying down wooden 
troughs to low water mark, but these were carried away, and there is therefore 
no hope of any permanent good resulting without the co-operation of the town 
authorities. ‘Thereis another nuisance in the vicinity of the Castle and Govern- 


ment buildings, viz., the scavengering of the town is brought toa tipping 


platform situated near, and the exhalations from the trucks are sometimes 
sickening. ‘This evil is however, I am assured, occupying the attention of the 
Town Council, and will soon be remedied. F 

“The Station Hospital main drain, during the prevalence of north-westerly 


_ winds or certain states of the tide, sometimes becomes choked at its entrance 


into the sea with sand. 

“ Kastern Frontiers—The married soldiers’ quarters, for the most-part con- 
sisting of wattle and daub huts, are badly constructed, in a bad state of repair, 
damp and ill-ventilated, and unfit for occupation. It is useless to attempt to 
renovatethem. The hospital, too, is small, does not afford sufficient accommo- 
dation for the sick of the garrison, and has to be supplemented by marquees. 
Altogether, the building is objectionable for a hospital. The infant school, 
tailors’ and shoemakers’ shops are too small, not giving sufficient cubic space 
to the occupants. ; 

“ Natal.—There is a great want of barrack accommodation for the troops, 
more especially now that an additional regiment has been sent into the 
Command. The kraal huts that have been erected, to the number of 90, leak 
during the heavy rains. The married soldiers’ quarters, consisting of huts 
erected by the previous regiments, are for the most part badly constructed, too 
small, and ill-ventilated. The hospital is bad, too small, and roof—eaten by 
white ants. 

The Sanitary Improvements required :— 

Cape Town.—The sewer in Castle Ditch should be covered over. A sea 
wall should be built by the municipal authorities in front of the Imhoff 
Battery, and for some distance eastward along the shore, to prevent the sewage 
from being thrown back upon it. Some plan should be devised to prevent the 
choking of the drain at Station Hospital. 

“ King William's Town.—New married soldiers’ quarters required ; also 
another hospital, infant school, tailors’ and shoemakers’ shops. Day urinals 
for barracks are much needed. ‘ 

“ Natal—More barrack accommodation required ; new married quarters 
and hospital. | 

“Numerous sanitary improvements have been made during the year, but 
chiefly of a minor character.” 


= 


SANITARY REPORT, 


Surgeon-Major Herbert, the senior medical officer, reports that there has 
been ‘2 great change at this station during the year. “James’s Town, in which 
is situate the infantry barracks, now almost empty, except for the occupation of 
a few married families of soldiers, contains the hospital, military prison, and 
government offices ; it is placed in a valley between two high rocky ranges of 
hills opening out at the head of the valley to the influence of the trade winds,— 
which probably prevents the outbreak of disease, as the climate here is hot and 
enervating, and most depressing to those exposed toitsinfluence. On the other 
hand, Ladder Hill, where the main body of the troops is stationed, is much 
healthier, being more than 600 feet above the sea level, but it is hot and relax- 
ing during the day from direct solar and radiated rock heat. The nights are 
cool, except during the very height of summer, which gives it a great superiority 
over James’s Town. High Knoll, which contains the next largest body of 
troops is very cool and healthy, being about 2,000 feet above the sea level and 
well exposed to the air and winds from every quarter. 

“The general health of the troops throughout the year has been satis- 
factory.” 


. 
i 
‘ 


REPORT FOR 1876. 105 
Section II. 


On the Extent of Invaliding. 


Twenty-eight invalids were sent home from the Command (26 from the 
Cape and 2 from St. Helena) and 25 were discharged the service at Netley during 
the year, being in the rates of 10°22, and of 9°13 per 1,000 men respectively. 

The classes and orders of the diseases which necessitated the invaliding of 
the year are shown in the following Table :— 


Invalids Invalids 
abe desc sent to Discharged 
Disabilities. England the Service 
fromtheCape| at Netley, 


and and else- 
St. Helena. where. 
I. General Diseases. 
Constitutional Group .. ee oe 9 6 
II. Local Diseases. . 
Diseases of the— 
Nervous System .. ee oe ac 2 al 
Eye os ore eo «s ee 3 3 
Ear aa a 0 a oe 2 2 
Circulatory System sie ee es 6 6 
Digestive a5 fe ee Ae aL af 
Organs of Locomotion .. a ae 2 1 
V. Injuries. 
Accidental. . BS 66 SO Ab 8 5 
Total’ -.. ae ae ais _ 28 25 
Ratio per 1,000 of Mean { 1876 ee 10 +22 9:13 
Strength.. ma 1866-75 .. 25°85 18°64 


The rate of primary invaliding is lower by 2°54 per 1,000 men than that of 
1875 ; the rate of final invaliding is 2°56 per 1,000 higher. 


Section III. 


Mean Daily Sick. 


The average number constantly sick in the Command was 110, being in 
the proportion of 40°16 per 1,000 of the strength, showing an increase of 
2-48 per 1,000 on the rate of the preceding year. : 

The usual information calculated from this number is given in the following 
Table :-— 


1866-75. 
Ratio per 1,000 of Strength constantly Sick. . ee 49°63 
days. 
Average Sick time to each Soldier .. oe ee 18:12 
Average duration of each case of Sickness .. es 17°59 


Cap2 of Good 
Hope and St. 
Helena. 


Cape of Good 
Hope and St. 
Helena, 


106 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT __ 


Section LV. 
Influence.of Age-on Mortality. 


30 and 
under 35. 


Corps. 4 
& 
2/2 
asa 
Royal Artillery.  w | 8 z 
Royal Engineers... oe eae he 
1st Battalion, 13th Foot veaft OF 
ay rp 24th ,, veep 48 
32nd Foot... bie ose pep (e274 


Total 


Ratio per 1,000 of 1876 ... 5°81 4°19 9°63 10°13 15°44 tos 
Mean Strength...... 1866-75 1°52 5°65 10 ‘07 14°38 23°61 20°80 


REPORT FOR 1876. 3 107 


IX.--ON THE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING IN THE 
ISLAND OF MAURITIUS. 


Section I. 
Sickness and Mortality. 


STATISTICAL REPORT. 


‘Tan average annual strength of the force was 440 non-commissioned officers Jyayritius, 
and men, amongst whom there were 712 admissions into hospital and 3 deaths ; 
the average number of constantly sick was 16°62. The ratios given by these 
mumbers are—for admissions, 1618°2; for deaths, 6°81; and for constantly 
‘sick, 37°77 per 1,000 of the mean strength, respectively. The rate of admissions 
exceeds that of the preceding year by 295°3 per 1,000 men; the death-rate, 
‘however, is 7°65 ; that of constantly sick is 3°15 per 1,000 men lower than 
‘in 1875. 
The corps of which the force consisted, and some of the more important of 
their health statistics, are shown in the following Table :— 


Ratio per 1,000 of the 


strength. 2 fee 
oI £.| 5% 
5 Bee || 
g a 2 4S | £3 
a| Sa ‘ a |os}ss 
$| 33 g {A 3 rake [P22 |S 
Corps. 2s £3 > 2 > > 2 cf ot 8 
e3\S6| || 84| 2 Ss |@,| #3 | #38 
beleeiel2\ss! # | sj) 2 | sel es|ee8 
3s a > isi a PATS Sen 
413 je|4)4 | 3 | a | 8 (ee y 4s [ace 
Days.| Days 


4th Battery 2nd Brigade, 
and 3rd Battery 22nd 


rs 
&S 
a 
- 
oo 
re) 
tor) 


Royal Artillery, 
91 1637 *3 |10°88 | 10-88 136-04 |13-16 8-64 


Brigade... 
2nd Bat. 8rd Foot, Wing* | 161 | 288]... |... | 6°24 |1788°8| ... | ... |3g-76 [14-15 | 7-91 
32nd Foott » | 167) 257] 1] 6 | 6*72 1538-9] 5-99 | 35+93/40-28 I14-69 | 9-54 


Departmental Corps, &ec....| 21 I) OL 2) "88 


* Arrived in the Command in July. + Left the Commati in July. 


The admissions and deaths in the various classes and orders of diseases 
are shown in the following Table :— 


H 2 


Mauritius, 


108 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT _ - 
Fe 
1876. 1869-75. 
Strength, 440. Ratio per 
: 1,000. 
Diseases. Died. | Ratio per 1,000. 
ms Admitted.| 3 3 
& SZ | Admitted.| Died. |Admitted.| Died. 
x pete 
oe) < 
I. General Diseases. ; 
1| Febrile Group ..| 302 1 686°4 | 2°27] 780°S | 2°88 
2 | Constitutional ,, .. 46 as 104 °5 +}... 107-1 | 2°88 
II. Local Diseases, 
Diseases of the— } 
1 | Nervous System Ae 10 ce 22-7 935) a|plts 
2: \ Hye alvers mc - 14 6s 31°8 11°2 we 
3 | Har <. 55 x 1 Se 2°3 oe 8°7 be 
5 | Circulatory System .. 8 : 18-2 a 12°1 | 2:02 
6 | Absorbent ,, wh 15 we 34-1 : 11°2 ve 
47 | Ductless Glands be 2 i 4°5 i ss Ec 
8 | Respiratory System .. 37 1 84-1 | 2°27] 982-8 58 
9 | Digestive a ie 104 ik 236°4 | 2°27] 197°0) | 4°08 
10 | Urinary i ar 28 Fi 63 °6 i 52°7 ax 
11 | Generative _,, "2 1 A 2°3 12 +1 ae 
12 | Organs of Locomotion 4 cB 9:1 = 5:0 “s 
13 | Cellular Tissue an 20 Ac 45 °4 a 22 °8 “3 
14°} Cutaneous System .. 29 63 88°6 a 61°9 ite 
III. Conditions, §e. 
Debility ais ig 4 9 | 5 6:9 “i 
IV. Poisons .. 7 : 1 41639 22°83 | 115 
V. Injuries. 
2); Accidental .. “3 70 a 159-2 es 102 °8 58 
4| Self-inflicted .. se = ae ; 28 
VI. Surgical Operations oe) 3 ee 
Total .. sie 712 8 | 1618°2 | 6°81| 1457°7 [15°55 
Average of 10 years, : 5 
| Gare cor } .. | 1578-9 [21-26]. ‘is 


Gxenerat Diseasrs.—The rate of admissions for diseases of this class is 
higher than in 1875, and it is higher for each group of the class; the rate of 
the febrile group being 64:7, and that of the constitutional 32°2 per 1,000 men 
in excess of the corresponding rate for the preceding year. 

The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases in this class are 
shown in the following Table :— 


REPORT FOR 1876. 109 


SSS 


Annual Ratio per 1,000 of 
Strength, 440. Bivoratin 
1876. 1869-75. 
General Diseases. ; : : 
ro S cs 
8 3 8 
Ue ph eh inlet pol a led me ae 
x =) < A < A 
Febrile— 
Eruptive Fevers . es ‘9 ee 
Continued ” oe oe 65°9 oe 
Paroxysmal ,, 5 705 °9 2°59 
Influenza, oe es we 6'6 oe 
Erysipelas ve oe A 9 oe 
Other diseases .. HE : 6 *29 
Total of Febrile Group Be 780°8 2°88 
Constitutional— 
Rheumatism .. ais Ari 36 ‘8 oe 
Syphilis.. = ee aie 48°9 A 
Serofula, Phthisis, &c... Me 8°7 2°59 
Scurvy, and Purpura .. : 3 ee 
emia. . on oe ere “29 
Other diseases .. aD a °3 : 
Total of Constitutional Group 107°1 2°88 


Continued Fevers.—The rate of admissions is more than twice that of the 
preceding year. 

Paroxysmal Fevers.—The rate of admissions is 26°4 per 1,000 men lower 
than that of the preceding year, being almost exactly the reduction in the 
proportion of continued fevers in the present year; this result, taken in 
connection with the remarks of the Principal Medical Officer, that certain of 
the cases of malarial fever were not distinctly marked, and might have been 
returned under other heads, makes it probable that the proportions of the two 
kinds of fever did not materially differ for the two years. The admissions for 
paroxysmal fevers (ague in all but two instances) were proportionately three- 
fold more numerous amongst the men who had served long at the station than 
amongst those of the corps which arrived about the middle of the year. One 
death was due to remittent fever. 

Syphilis.—The rate of admissions is double that of the preceding year. 

Locat Diszasus.—With the exception of diseases of the ear, and of the 
circulatory, generative, and locomotive systems, the rate of admission for every 
order in this class exceeds that for the same order in 1875, and in most 
instances considerably. 

Porsons.—The rate of admissions is 
preceding year. - ‘ 

Insunius.—Accidental_—The rate of admissions exceeds that of 1875 by 
36'3 per 1,000 men. 


less than a third of that of the 


Officers. 
In an annual average strength of 22 officers, there were only 6 attacks of 
illness, none of which were fatal. 
Women. 
In an average annual strength of 36 wives of non-commissioned officers 
and men, there were 9 attacks of illness, and 1 death which was due to 


dysentery. 
Children, 
In an annual average strength of 77 children of non-commissioned officers 


and men, there were 19 attacks of illness, two-thirds of which were of ague ; 
there were three deaths, due to ague, remittent fever, and anemia. : 


Mauritine. 


Maiiritius. 


110 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


SANITARY REPORT. 
Surgeon-Major Moorhead, the senior medical officer, reports :—“It wits 


be seen, on referring to the return showing the specific diseases by which» 
the admissions into hospital and deaths have been occasioned among the» 
troops serving in the Mauritius during the past year, that by far the greatest . 
amount of sickness was due to malarious fever, which is now unfortunately’ 


endemic in the island, especially at all districts bordering on the coast line. 


“ Prevalence of Fever.—The greater or less prevalence of the fever here: 
seems to be mainly influenced by climatic causes ; heavy rains inducing a great * 


increase, a drought almost conferring an immunity, not only from fever but 
all other diseases of malarial origin. 

« Sanitary Condition of Barracks, §c:—The general sanitary condition of all 
the occupied barracks in the Command has been reported good by the respec- 
tive medical officers in charge ; and no great sanitary defects have been noted: 
as existing in the vicinity of any of the barracks. 9 ~~ 

“ Water Supply.—The medical officer in charge of the station hospital. at 
Mahebourg attributes the numerous admissions from diarrhea, which occurred 
there during the month of August, to the probable pollution of the drinking 
water. The canal which conveys the water supply to the troops at Mahe-. 


bourg is no doubt liable to many sources of pollution during the rainy season,. 


and its defects have been frequently pointed out by Deputy Surgeon-General 


Small in his sanitary reports. A scheme for supplying the troops and people: 


at Mahebourg with water from the Creole river has long been in contemplation: 
by the General Board of Health ; the necessary pipes have long been procured, 
but want of funds, I believe, stands in the way of its completion. However, a 
new filtering chamber, in connection with the tank from which the barrack 
and hospital supply of water is derived, has been recently built, and will no 
doubt prove highly beneficial. 

“ Sanitary Improvements.—-The following are the leading sanitary improve- 
ments effected during the year :— 

“ Mahebow'g.—Additional ventilation has been provided in the upper floor 
of the wooden barrack by means of four end ventilating windows. Additional 
latrine accommodation for the men has been secured ; a house furnished with. 
six tubs has been erected. The ‘drainage of the barracks and_ hospital has: 
been improved, the old drains have been taken up and relaid in stonework, 
and a new drain opened. A filtering chamber has been built, and two sheds 
for the men on sentry have been erected. 

“ Fort George.—A new latrine for officers has been built, the whole range 
of barracks painted externally, and the ditches thoroughly cleaned out. 

“ Sanitary Works.—The sanitary works under the superintendence of the 
General Board of Health, in connection with the ‘Mer Rouge’ in the vicinity 
of Fort George, are still progressing, and much has been done during the year 
towards plauting the Jand reclaimed from the foreshores and creeks. 

“ Station Hospital, Port Louis.—The drainage has been improved. 

“ Cttadel—A shed erected for the men on sentry. 

“ Additional Huts at Ourepipe—The erection of a few additional huts at 
Curepipe is much to be desired. At present there are five huts at the Sani-- 
tarium, each capable of accommodating eight men. Of these, four are avail: 
able, and one not, in consequence’ of its being used as a commissariat store.- 
This amount of accommodation I consider is not sufficient for the number 
of men, for whom a change of climate during the hot and sickly season is 
necessary. 


“The Sanitarium has now been occupied to a greater or less extent since ~ 


January 1873, and with most beneficial results. With a few additional huts 
and judicions interchanges, the majority of the treops in the Command could 
ave the benefit of a change of climate, their health and efficiency would be 
restored, and the amount of invaliding probably lessened. This limited hut 
accommodation at Curepipe is, I consider, the great sanitary want at present,. 
and one deserving attention and consideration,” 


REPORT FOR 1876: PTT 


Section II. Mauritius. 
On the Extent of Invaliding. 


Nine invalids were sent home from the Command, and eight were finally 
discharged the service at Netley during the year. The proportion of men sent 
home is less than the half of that for the preceding year, but the circumstance 
of nearly the whole of the troops in the Command having been relieved during 
the year, may have influenced the result. 


q as 
. 5 bel ~~ 
i" & Diseases. fe 22 2 
a am | as3 
I.| 2 | Constitutional group .. 2 2 
II.} 1 | Nervous system .. 1 1 
5 | Circulatory ,, Bile 3 
8 | Respiratory’, .. he 1 
10 | Urinary rene an a 1 
14} Cutaneous: ,,. .. on ad ae 
IIl.| .. | Debility .. aa 0 yn 
Tomlin isk. 9 8 
Ratio per1,000 f 1876 ..} 20°45 | 18°18 
of Strength | 1866-75 | 43°48 | 13°86 


Section III. 
Mean Daily Sick. 


The average number of men constantly sick was’ 16°62, 
The usual information, calculated from the number of constantly sick, is: 
given in the following Table :— 


Ratio per 1,000 of Strength constantly Sick vs on 


"Mean Sick-Time to each Soldier .. be oe ar ++ | 13°79 20 ‘65- 
Average duration of cases of Sickness .. es on o-| 8°52 13°17 


~ All the proportions are lower than the corresponding ones for the preceding 
year, showing that although the number of men admitted into hospital was 
considerably greater than in 1875, the illnesses were of a less severe nature. 


Section IV. 
Influence of Age on the Mortality. 


‘In consequence of the change in the composition of the force, no non- 
commissioned officers or men served for a whole year in the.Command. 


Ceylon.: 


12 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT ; 


eeced 


X—ON THE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING IN THE 
ISLAND OF CEYLON. 


Section I, 


Sickness and Mortality. 


Tux average annual strength of the non-commissioned officers and men of 


* the White Troops stationed in the Command was 1,076, among them there 


were 795 admissions into hospital, and 8 deaths; the number constantly sick 
was 54°98 ; the rate of admissions is therefore 738°8, that of deaths is 7°43, and 
that of constantly sick is 51°10 per 1,000 of the average strength respectively. 
The rate of admissions is 8°5 per 1,000 higher, but that of deaths is 613 
lower, than the corresponding rate of the preceding year, that of constantly 
sick is 4:99 per 1,000 higher. 

The corps which composed the force stationed in the Command, and 
certain of the most important of their health statistics, are shown in the 
following Table :-— 


a Ratio per 1,000 of |< 
3 bla Strength. 3 3 
ex | 2 3 7 g BS 
org & = 3 5 os on 
gaa (= | | 12 3 \85 
Corps. i F a#/&8 2 4 $4 Stations. 
e\4l5| || é 3 lee 
Ssloly s 3 os | "9 K As 
24/6/8) S| 8/2) | 2] @ |esles 
£216 |e lglg] § €/31212 (83/88 
° els 12 A e g-'} 5 Ss |pulso 
\s) <4}< Ale! <« <4 A 5 A |< < 
Royal Artillery. fs Colombo. 
6th and 7th Batteries, 12 | 190] 123] 4) 1| 7°21/647-0/21 0% 5-26/37-95)13 -85 Galle. 
2nd Brigade. Trincomalee 
; Colombo. 
_ 57th Regiment... see] 2 | 863 | 660 | 4 ]27/46 -72/764 8} 4°63/31-29/54-14119 -76,25-84| 2 Galle. 


DepartmentalCorps,&e.| ... 


REPORT FOR 1876. 113 


The admissions and deaths in the various orders of diseases, are shown in Ceylon, 
the following Table :— 


White Trocps .. | Strength, 1,076. Annual Ratio per 1,000. 
Died. | 1876. 1869-75. 

‘ Diseases. 3 8 3 3 
zg = & 3 = = G 
z A g Be bebe g 
5 = = = =O ae r= 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 


I. General Diseases. 


1 | Febrile Group ..| 104 96°7 | °93|175°9| 2°72 
2 Constitutional ,, an 63 58°5 *93 | 129'6 | 2°89 
II. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 
1 | Nervous System .. 11. 4 10:2} 3°71 | 13°2] 1°02 
Belidige: | ahaceste Aone hc. 68 un BAO.) csisle.38-1,|. < 
Sus NAIE ert agi. see o 12 ee 11°2 c SUG Ree 
4 | Nose .. ey fs a as x ae PZ iiee 
5 | Circulatory System .. 19 ae a Ley 6 ET | e221! 
6 | Absorbent a 5% 32 Bn CHE Aa as 22>) at rr 
8 | Respiratory ,, as 13 an 1S eS 39°3 61 
9 | Digestive a ae Lod 2 145-9 | 1°86 | 307°4 | 7°30 
10 | Urinary 5 “i 66 s DUE SleeBe 94-5 “51 
11 | Generative  ,, PA 29 AS 26°9 |)... Dale's 
12 | Organs of Locomotion 8 ae TA] oe oO | .. 
13 | Cellular Tissue os 12 ue Peelers B2°4) oe 
14 | Cutaneous System .. 84 a+ WS tel oe We L187 4 17 


III. Conditions, Se. 


Debility ae * 24 te 22°38.) .. J4:20) |, 0 
IV. Poisons .. 9 Sc 8-4 | ow 18°7 *b1 
V. Injuries. ; 
2 | Accidental .. we 93 - ane 86°4 | .. 138°1 |; 1°53 
4 | Self-inflicted .. Re a Bis oe ae 2 34 
VI. Surgical Operations oe we a ania eos 
No appreciable disease 1 AP Lai bie 5 Mao hae 
Total .. «| 795 8 788°8 | 7°43 |1225-0| 19°71 


—— 


elie | Sheteaa ns - .. ]1094°8|17-63 | .. 


on oe 


GzyzrAL DisEasus.—The rate of admissions for diseases of this class 


exceeds that of 1875 by 21°6 dig? 1,000 men. An increased prevalence is 


found both in diseases of the febrile and in that of the constitutional group; 


the rate of mortality for the class is fractionally lower. 
The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases in this class are 
shown in the following Table :— , 


Ceylon. 


114 ARMY: MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
1876. i 1869-75. 
Mean Strength, 1076. Annual 
A Ratio per 1,000 
General Diseases.. Deaths] Ratio per 1,000.| of Strength. 
Admitted.) 2g. : 
o) | Admitted.| Died. |Admitted.| Died. 
5 
Pr Ba Sa a ee Se ee ees 
Febrile— 
Eruptive Fevers .. ae a in |e Bucs 9 . eee! ie 
Continued ,, bp. ae 95 1 88 °3 "93 66°8 | 1:02 
Paroxysmal ,, Ic ae 7 +. 6°5 +e 99°4 | 1°36 
Cholera fe oie Be is A spomess 5 hy, 
Influenza .. ae ia Se <n Ne 6°6 a 
Erysipelas .. ee Hon ise Sa ie “9 <8 15 ad 
Other diseases a Se iY. se A - v7: 17 
Total of Febrile Group .. 104 a: 96°6 93°] 175-9 | 2°72 
- Constitutional— 5 
Rheumatism ts =; 6 56 is 28°0 
Syphilis. oct) x 49 45, °5 78°3 | “17 
Scrofula, Phthisis, &c. 8 if 7:4 93 VU |}: 2°38 
Seurvy and Purpura Ag a . . : “9 : 
Anezmia on me ie . ° 9:0 
Other diseases bg oa Se Bc Z B ISeS 34 
Total of Constitutional Group 63 1 58°5 *93'| 129°6 | 2-89 


I 


Eruptive Fevers.—The admission was for chicken-pox. 

Continued Fevers—Tre prevalence of fevers of this kind is in the rate of 
9-9 per 1,000 men higher, than that of the preceding year. ; 

Enteric Fever.—An attack of this disease proved fatal to a soldier of the 
57th Regiment, at Galle. 

Simple Continued Fever, caused 84 admissions, of which ‘74 were those of 
men of the 57th, nearly three-fourths of them being in the head-quarters of 
the regiment at Colombo. 

Hebricula, caused 10 admissions. 

Paroxysmal Fevers.—The rate of admissions is 41 per 1,000 lower than 
that of the preceding year ; the rate of prevalence of fevers of malarial origin 
js less than one-sixteenth of the average of ten years, a circumstance which 
raises the presumption that the influence of diagnosis may be traced in the 
result. 

Rheumatism.—The. rate of admissions is only one-third of that of the 
preceding year. 

Syphilis —The rate of admissions is double that of 1875. ; 

' Serofula, Phthisis, &c.—The rate of admissions is higher than in 1875, but 
for that year it was exceptionally low. F : 

Loca Disrases.—Diseases of the Nervous System—The prevalence of 
diseases in this order was less than in the preceding year, but the fatality 


from them was greaer; as in 1875 there was a disproportionate number of 


admissions for mental diseases. Sunstroke, caused two admissions and two 
deaths, both of the latter were those of men of the Royal Artillery, stationed 
at Trincomalee, they took place in April. Tetanus caused one admission, 
the illness followed a slight wound of the foot, and it proved fatal. One death 
is returned as due to acute mania. - 

Diseases of the Fye—The rate of admissions is 15°2 per 1,000 men in 
excess of the high rate of the preceding year. All the admissions in this order 
were those of men of the 57th Regiment, and excepting four, returned as 
admissions for impaired vision, all were due to conjunctivitis. The Medical 


REPORT FOR 1876. HID 


Officer states that since the-arrival of the corps in the Command, this disease 
has. become ilacinees prevalent, the admissions: in some instances being 
due to a granular condition of the eyelids following the primary attack. He 
attributes the origin of the disease to heat and glare, but if this were the 
usual cause it should seem that the men of other corps: stationed in the same 
places ought also to suffer. Five men were invalided on account: of disability 
following conjunctivitis, 

Diseases of the Circulatory System.—The rate: of admissions is: a: little 
higher than in 1875; 14 of the admissions were on account of palpitation, 
13 of them being in the 57th Regiment. 

Diseases of the Respiratory System, are in a slightly lower rate tham that 
that for: 1875. 

Diseases:of the Digestive System.—The' rate of prevalence: is 57'4. per 1,000 
men, or one-fourth less than in the preceding year, and the rate of mortality, is 
less than one-half. Dysentery, and diarrhcea together, caused. considerably 
more than one-third of the whole admissions:in the order, 17 admissions were 
due to hepatitis, and 20 to jaundice. 

Diseases of the Urinary System.—The rate of admissions is 6'5 per 1,000 
men-lower thanm.in the preceding year. 

Conpitions, &e.—Debility—The rate of admissions is 7-8 per 1,000 men 
higher than in 1875, 

Porsons.—7 admissions were for delirium tremens, and 2 for alcohol 
poisoning, ~ 

Insunies.—Accidental.—Exactly the same number of admissions for acci- 
dental injuries took place as in the preceding year, but the greater strength of 
the present year gives a lower ratio than in 1875 ; no injury was fatal. 


Officers, 


In an average annual strength of 36 officers, only 6 attacks of illness are 
returned ; there were no deaths ; I officer was invalided home. 


Women. 


In an average annual strength of.70 wives of non-commissioned officers and 
men, 24 attacks of illness are returned, No case was fatal. 


Children. 

In an average annual strength of 152 children of non-commissioned officers 
and men, there were 44 attacks of illness and 6 deaths, the proportion of the 
latter being 39°47 per 1,000. The deaths were due, to sunstroke 1, to con- 
vulsions 1, to teething 3, to debility 1. 


Native Troops. 

The native troops consisted of a company of Gun Lascars, distributed 
between the stations of Colombo, Trincomalee, and Galle. Their average 
annual strength was 88, the admissions into hospital 11, and the average con- 
stantly sick 83. No man of the corps died, or was invalided during the year. 


_ SANITARY REFORT. 


Surgeon-Major Poppelwell reports that “the sanitary condition of the 

barracks at all the stations in the Command has been reported as favourable 
during the year. 
_ Tn Colombo a new guard-room has been finished and occupied, as also a 
new orderly-room. A new block of barracks has been in process of building 
during the year, and will soon be completed. It is constructed to hold 232 
men, and is on the same plan as the other blocks already erected. At all the 
other stations the barracks have been unaltered. 

“ At Colombo the water supply has been increased by additional wells con- 
nected by underground tunnel. So far there has been a larger supply, but it- 
has yet to bear the test of the dry season of March ard April. 


— 


Ceylone- 


Ceylon. 


116 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


“At Kandy and Galle the scarcity of water continués. The waterworks 
at Kandy have been commenced by the local authorities, and a liberal supply 
of good water may be anticipated. 

“At all stations except Trincomalee, the dry-earth system is in use in the 
latrines ; arrangements are, however, being made to bring it into use. 

“The lighting of the barrack-rooms continues to be effected by oil-lamps, 
which give a very feeble light ; kerosine lamps are shortly to be introduced. 
In Colombo, where gas is in use, it would be an immense boon ‘to have it 
introduced into the barrack-rooms. In the recreation-room of the infantry 
regiment at that station gas is burned, the extra expense being defrayed from 
the regimental funds. 

“The rations have been fair considering the climate. Beef is the cnly 
meat issued—tough, stringy, and tasteless. Potatoes are issued twice a-week, 
but are not always obtainable ; native vegetables are in abundance. 

“Tn all the kitchens, except one at Galle, Benham’s ranges are in use. 

“ Drunkenuness prevails largely ; in the native shopsiquor is easily procur- 
able, and the climate and want of occupation and amusement are great incen- 
tives to drinking. . 

There has been no excessive duty, and the parades are carried on in early 
mornings and in evenings, so as to avoid exposure to the sun. 

“The hospitals at all stations are reported good and suitable to the 
climate ; they have never been overcrowded, and the diets have heen as good 
as could be got. : 

“The invalids have been sent home in small.numbers (four or five at a 
time) by the mail steamer from Galle during the year, with great benefit to 
the sick, and relief to the hospitals. 

“The station of Newara Eliya has been unoccupied during the whole year, 
and as it has been decided to give it up altogether, the buildings have been 
handed over to the civil authorities. The facilities for sending invalids to 
England have done away with the necessity of keeping up a sanitarium, which 
benefited only a small class of the diseases of the climate, and probably never 
thoroughly recruited any. 

“Cholera has occurred amongst the natives during the whole year in 
different parts of the island, but neveras anepidemic. The disease is imported 
from the Indian coast by the coolies, who arrive in large numbers for work on 
the coffee estates in the interior. There has been no case among the troops, 
European or Native.” 


Section II. 
On the Extent of Invaliding. 


Twenty-eight non-commissioned officers and men, were invalided during the 
year being in the rate of 26:02 per 1,000; this is 16°57 per 1,000 lower than 
the rate for the preceding year. Thirteen men from the Command were 
discharged the service at Netley, showing a, fractional reduction on the rate of 
the preceding year. : 

he classes and orders of the diseases, to which the invaliding of the year 
was due, are shown in the following Table :— 


Ceylon. 


REPORT FOR 1876. 117 
Strength 1,076. Invalids Inyalids 
a : sent to Discharged 
Diseases. 4 England. at Netley. 
I, General Diseases. 
Constitutional Group... : 4, 3 
Il. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 
Nervous System ee ar 1 vs 
Eye.. ile mT oe ats 6 a 
Kar .. on ee o« ve 1 2 
Circulatory System ae ae 3 BY 
Respiratory ,,  « ee Pa 1 . 
Digestive eon as is 7 oe 
III. Debility.. oe ae 4 2 
V. Injuries. 
Accidental .. ee 3c Ae 1 iL 
CU A SN ae (aE 13 
Ratio per 1,000 of Mean § 1876 ..; 26°02 12 08 
Strength .. ne 1866-75 40 °36 17°84 
Section IIT. 
Mean Daily Sick. 


The average number of non-commissioned officers and men constantly sick 
(Huropean Troops), was 54°98. 

The usual information calculated from this number is given in the following 
Table :— 


1876. | 1866-75. 

Ratio per 1,000 of Strength constantly sick 51°10 | 50-76 
5 Days. | Days. 

Average sick-time to.each Soldier .. +» | 18°65 | 18°53 
Average duration of each case of Sickness.. | 25°24 | 16°92 


All the ratios compare unfavourably with those of the preceding year, the 
number of men always in hospital being 4:99 per 1,000 higher, the average sick 
time to each man being 1:82 days, and the average duration of each case of 
sickness 3°67 days longer. These results are accounted for by the fact that 
» the inyalids of the year remained longer in the Command than in the preceding 

year. 


118 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


| 


Ceylon. Section IV. 
On the Influence of Age on Mortality. 
The death-rates of the non-commissioned officers and men, at the several 
ages, arranged in quinquennial periods, are shown in the following Table:— 
Under | 20 and | 25 and | 30and | 35and | 40and 
20. | under 25./ under 30.| under 35.| under 40.) upwards. 
Pete a a 4 al vache E 
S/ Plo lBlo Blo Plal Bl. 
PIS I2Z/S/21S)4EN 2 BIE EIS 
alAl|2lI|AlalAlalA|/a;Ala lA 
| 
Royal Artillery .. ..] 4]|.. | 47| 1]66} 1] 838] 1) 20 64. oE 
| 
57th Foot .. 26 |evg IBIS [SIEBOT ID) 6B fe CO Veet ED deste 
; Total .. ../30|.. 560| 4 l246| 2/96|/ 1/89].. | 21] 1 
Rate per 7 A é P ' 
1,000 of 1876 .. an 7-14 8°13 10 42 47 ‘62 
Mean “9 ; x. 0 : 3 
Strength 7 years | 3:20 | 13°55 | 25°07 | 14°95 | 38°72 37°31 


REPORT FOR 1876. 119 


XL—ON THE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING IN CHINA, AND 
THE STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. 


Section Oe 


Sickness. and Mortality of the Troops in China, and the Straits Settlements. 


STATISTICAL REPORT. 


1. European TRoops. 


The White Troops had an average annual strength of 2,589 non-commis- China and 
sioned officers and men, amongst whom the admissions into hospital were Straits 
2,614, being in the rate of 1009°7 per 1,000 men. The deathsin the Command, Settlements. 
and those of invalids on the passage home, or after arrival, were 42; being in 
the rate of 16°22 per 1,000 men. The average number of constantly sick was 
107:01, or 41°33 per 1,000 of the strength. The rate of admissions is 54:0, that 
of deaths is 2:25, and that of constantly sick is 1°05 per 1,000 men higher than 
the corresponding rate of the preceding year. 

The proportions in which the two divisions of the Command contributed to 
these results, are shown in the following Table :—- 


a : ‘| Ratio per 1,000 of Strength.| 8 |S 
4 © CG} 
a ee ee 
a ° ee! RB. ee 
5 = 2 |S |B° 
Stations. Sg A 3 ; | 23/88 
= ; a Ss 2 las |o38 
a2 |S 2/3 | 3 2 | @ |g \a.. 
eeleo |g | ate | a | gl a | a peeteds 
salsea|2/ ee | € | |e |e les less 
< < A I P| < a a A < <q 
Days.| Days. 
Hong Kong... maa 912) 522’ 4 17 27:7 5724 4°39| 18°64] 30°37) 11°09) 19°87 
Straits Settlements ...{ 1,677) 2,092) 38 44 79°31} 1,247°5 | 22°66] 26°24) 47-29) 17°26) 13°84 


For the Hong Kong portion of the Command, the results are very favour- 
able ; as compared with those of the preceding year, the admission rate is 
120:0, the death rate is 5-05, and the rate of invaliding is 8°64 per 1,000 of the 
strength, lower. The rate of constantly sick is 1:09 per 1,000 men higher than in 
1875, but the value of this indication of the health of the troops is affected by 
the influence of the longer, or shorter stay of invalids in the Command. The 
large reduction in prevalence of sickness is stated by the medical officer of the 
hospital to be mainly due to the replacement of a regiment which had served 
for some years in tropical countries, by one sent from Malta; a great decrease 
of ague amongst the troops at Hong Kong resulted from this measure; the 
medical officer is also of opinion, that the extension of drainage in the vicinity 
of the quarters, had an appreciable ameliorating effect as regards the preva- 
lence of that. disease, E 

For the Straits Settlements, both the admission and the death rates 
are higher than those of the preceding year, that of invaliding is lower. The 
troops in this portion of the Command were employed om field service during a 
part of the year, and detachments of them were subsequently quartered in the 

Vicinity of the scene of operations, 


China and 
Straits 
Settlements. 


120 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


The troops stationed in the Command during the year, were the 3rd and 
9th Batteries of the 2nd Brigade Royal Artillery, and the 3rd Battery of the 
5th Brigade, a small detachment of Royal Engineers, the Ist Battalion of the 
3rd Foot for part of the year, the 1st Battalion of the 10th Foot, the 28th Foot 
for part of the year, and the 80th Foot. A detachment of the Army Hospital 


Corps, and a few non-commissioned officers of the Garrison Staff, were also - 


comprised in the force. 
he admissions and deaths in the various classes and orders of diseases, are 
shown in the following Table :— 


; | Ratio per 1,000 
Strength oe a 2,589. of M ean Strength. 


Died 1876. 1869-75. 
Py col a y ra as 
Diseases. B le 8 5. 3 3 
4 BSI ~ | = a 3 . =| . 
i) f=} 3s =] os 
es) 8 12 6) >. E cs) ® 
é sores et 3. | 8. ae 
J. General Diseases. 
1 | Febrile Group ..| 680] 3].. 3] 262-6 | 1°16 | 451°6)- 1°95 
2 | Constitutional _ ,, j95 | 1] 1| 2] 75-8] °77 | 120-3) 2-41 
Il. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— ; 
1 | Nervous System  .. GL fS7 ner 3 23:6 | 1:16 | 18:1} 1:20° 
2| Hye .. ote a5 Boe en )|lnere ate NEY. ee 20-4) .. 
38 | Ear .. A a0 TB" |.ce | se Ses 7-0 ae EW ite 
4 | Nose .. Fh aD rol eb ES fot DG “Ale ete 
5 | Circulatory System .. 60 | 2]| 1 3 23°2|1°16 | 21:8) 1°39 
6 | Absorbent Bae ay 35) tear ee als 1335. |e as pat) ics 
8 | Respiratory , -- 96} 3) 1 4 37°71) .1°54 | 60°9 93 
9 | Digestive 9 eet: Gat: helen 5 22 2742 | 8°50 | 262°0| . 3:06 
10 | Urinary pa tt ate DY [eee ars ad 6S <Toh) as 84°8 18 
11} Generative ,, ais 7 Me hs A Pe CO al eat ge 21°3) os 
12 | Organs of Locomotion Pa tions leo s/he 0 S29] Ne 61 10 
13 | Cellular Tissue Ae, 4A | 1. | oe 6 17-0 oe 28°0| « 
14 | Cutaneous System ..| 164 | .. a Bc G3: 96 A): 7 ar 
III. Conditions, fe. 
Debility AA ae 94 i a 2 36°3 77 | 22-4) 10 
IV. Poisons ale PAs Alar 1 5-4 *39 | 18-3) 1°11 
V. Injuries. 
1 | Battlo'ss,< asec) . bul ae. Wl Solara ee G2 | le. 1s} 18 
2) Accidental .. we DST o2aliee 2 72-2 77.| 106-6) °74 
8 | Homicidal .. Ree ee RPS, ate wa als “a 18 
4 | Self-inflicted .. Phere 5 cecal ale as = a 4 10 
5 | Judicial sim Sil een irs 5 5 La ald pple Ay He 
VI. Surgical Operations) .. Seas ve an se Al ae 
‘| No appreciable disease} 10 | .. | -. oe 39 |. 2°0} os 


|} | —< Jf — — 


Total.. -.|2,614.| 38 | 9] 42 | 1009 “7 |16°22 |1857 ‘6| 18°63 


- rrr | | oe | nnn, 


Average of 10 years, oh * } 
1866-75: we } oe ae oe oe 31471 °6 |17 -02 ve a 


REPORT FOR 1876. 121 


Guxerat Disnases.—The rate of admissions exceeds that of the preceding China and 

year by 32:0 per 1,000 men ; an excess occurs in both groups of the class; on Straits 
the other hand, the rate of mortality is 1-30 per 1,000 men lower than that for Settlements. . 
the preceding year ; the decrease occurs mainly in the rate of the constitutional 
group of diseases. i 

The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases in this class are 
shown in the following Table :— 
SS 


Ratio per 1,000. 


1876. 1869-75. 
General Diseases. ‘ 2 a 
3 £53 3 
coe, ae ae aaa ee (oe On 
Febrile Group— : 

Eruptive Fevers ae oe ae 1 DX. 
Continued ,, .. ee a .| 244 22-2) 1°39 
Paroxysmal ,, aD) ee .. | 420 34) 37 
Cholera .. ee me nie alc os *B| 719 

Influenza a we ae ae 8 St Save 

Erysipelas ie 3 2 wa 3 UNG ee 

Other diseases .. ra Be ae 4 8) ee 
Total ws acae eye ats | 680 16 | 451-6) 1-95 

Constitutional Group— | 

Rheumatism .. # is f 86 37°8| -10 
Syphilis .. 4h ee ~6 2.| So 70°5| +18 
Scrofula, Phthisis, &. . peti 8 °8| 1°85 

Scurvy and Purpura .. a aA "3] we 

Anemia .. a ea ee & iy aed APA. 

Other diseases .. ae a ees 1°5| -28 
Total yaodd # 195 2 | 75:3} -77 | 120-3) 2-41 


Eruptive Fevers —The admission was that of a man of the 28th Regiment, 
for chicken-pox. j 

Continued Fevers.--The rate of admissions exceeds that of the preceding 
year by 42°0 per 1,000 men, being nearly double. Hnteric Fever.—Of the four 
admissions, two were those of men of the 3rd Battery 2nd Brigade Royal 
Artillery, and two those of men of the 1st Battalion 10th Foot; both corps 
were stationed in the Straits Settlements, but the particular stations there, 
where the men were attacked, are not stated. Simple Continued Fever—Of the 
120 admissions under this head, all, excepting one, took pla¢e in the Straits 
Settlements ; they were relatively most numerous in the 80th Regiment, in 
which also the death from this disease occurred. Febricula.—More than half 
of the 120 admissions for this-disease occurred at Hong Kong: The medical 

‘officer of the hospital there states with reference to them that the greater 
number were due to intemperance, though a few may possibly have been 
admissions for ague of an imperfectly marked kind. 

Paroxysmal Fevers.—The rate of .admissions exceeds that of 1875 by 
14-0 per 1,000 men ; excepting 39 they all occurred amongst the troops in the 
Straits Settlements, more than two-thirds of them in the 80th Regiment ; the 
death was due to remittent fever. 

Other Diseases—The admissions were for mumps. 

Lthewmatism.—There is a small reduction in the rate of prevalence on that 
of the preceding year. : 

Syphilis—The rate of prevalence is 21°4 per 1,000 men, lower than that of 
the preceding year. 

I 


China and 
Straits 
Settlements. 


122 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Scurvy, &c.—One admission only is returned for scurvy ; asa considerable 
part of the force was employed in the field during the year, this comparative 
immunity from an affection so common in a state of warfare would be striking, 
were it not for the doubt raised by the remarks of fone of the medical officers, 
which are quoted below. : 

Locar Disnases.—Diseases of the Nervous System.—The rate of admissions 
4s double that of the preceding year, but the rate of -mortality-is only frac- 
tionally higher. More of the admissions in this order were die to neuralgia 
than to any other disease ; there were 14 admissions for sunstroke, half of 
which occurred in the 80th Regiment ; only one death from this affection, 
‘however, is returned. 

Diseases of the Eye.—The rate of admissions is only the halfof that of 1875. 

Diseases of the Circulatory System.—The rate of admissions exceeds that of 
the preceding year by 4°0 per 1,0¢0 men, the rate of mortality is fractionally 
higher ; more than half of the admissions were for palpitation. 

Diseases of the Respiratory System.—There is a small increase in the rate of 
admissions on that of the preceding year ; the rateof deaths is nearly three- 
fold higher. The fatal illnesses were bronchitis in one instance, and pneu- 
-‘monia in three. 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of admissions exceeds that of the 
preceding year by 62°0 per 1,000 men, the death rate is 2°59 per 1,000 men 
higher; these results are attributable to the exposure of the troops on 
field service, by which the admissions for diseases of the liver, and of the bowels, 
were increased. The medical officer of the Ist Battalion 10th. Foot states that 
the admissions from diseases of the bowels in that regiment gave nearly one- 
fourth part of all admisions, and that “many cases of diarrhoea and of dysentery 
were attributable to the want of proper dieting, and to exposure.” 

Diseases of the Urinary System.—the rate of admissions exceeds thatof 1875 
‘by 10:0 per 1,000 men. 

Conpitions, do. —Debility —The rate of admissions exceeds that of the 
preceding year by 17:5 per 1,000 men, being nearly double. 

Porsons.—There is a decrease of 4°0 per 1,000 men in the rate of admissions 
-compared with that of 1875. = 

Insurres.—Battle.—The nature of the injuries received in battle is not 
mentioned in any of the reports, except in that from the Ist Battalion 
10th Foot, in which instance the injury was from a gunshot. Accidental.— 
‘The rate of admissions is 15:0 per 1,000 men lower than that of the preceding 
syear ; both of the accidental deaths were from drowning. 


Officers. 


The average annual strength of the officers in the Command. was 132; the 
-attacks of illness in this. number were 49, and one death (returned as due to 
colic) took place in the Command. More attacks of illness were from 
dysentery, than from any other disease. 


Women. 


In an annual averagestrength of 115, wives of non-commissioned officers” 


and-men, there were 99 attacks of illness, and (in the Command) two deaths ; 
one of the latter was due to hepatitis,.and one was consequent on the puerpural 
state... 

Children. 


Tn an annual average strength of 204 children of non-commissioned officers 
and men, there were 81 attacks of illness, and (in the Command) five deaths ; 
the latter are in the rate of 24°51 per 1,000 of the strength. No illness WAS 
due to any kind of eruptive fever ; ague, diarrheea, and debility, caused more 
attacks of illness than any ‘other diseases. The deaths were due to meningitis 
(1), to teething (1), to diarrhoea (1), to debility (2). 


a 


REPORT FOR 1876. 123 


2, Astarto Troops. China and 


___ the Asiatic Troops stationed in the Command* consisted of a company of ahs ents 
“Gun Lascars stationed at Hong Kong, having an average annual strength of ~~ 

64 non-commissioned officers and men. ‘he admissions into hospital were 

41, being in the annual rate of 640-6 per 1,000 men. There were no deaths ; 

‘no soldier was invalided. The rate of admissions is 208 per 1,000 men lower 

than that of the preceding year ; one-fourth of the admissions were on accourit 

-of ague, and of the remainder nearly two-thirds were for gonorrhea. 


SANITARY REPORT, 


Deputy Surgeon-General Gilborne remarks, that as he only arrived in the 
‘China Command and took over the duties of Principal Medical Officer in 
‘November of the year to which this report refers, he is not able to enter as 

fully as he could wish into the various subjects connected with the sanitary 
‘history of the troops during the year 1876. 

“ Hong Kong.—The following improvements and additions to the sanitary 
“arrangements in the barracks, &c., at this station, have been carried out or 
-commenced during the past year :—- 

- “Ventilation in the roofs at Murray Barracks provided; the drainage at 
‘Wellington Barracks improved ; the women’s latrine and wash-house erected 
at North Barracks; latrine accommodation at Spring Gardens improved; 
‘latrines at Commissariat Buildings reconstructed ; ventilation to old Garrison 
Hospital provided ; surface drainage’of Victoria Barracks improved ; latrines 
-and urinals at Murray Barracks reconstructed ; the drains of all the barracks 
ventilated. 

“ Barracks—The same barracks were occupied as during the previous year, 
~viz., North Murray, Victoria, Wellington, and McGregor’s (hired) Buildings, 
-with the Hast and West Blocks for married families, and Spring Gardens for 
the staff. All the buildings have been thoroughly lime-washed and kept in 
_ good repair, and the amount of space allowed, both cubic and superficial, has 

been sufficient ; and the vicinity of the barracks generally has been in good 
“sanitary. condition. 7 ; ; 

“ Trghting.—The old system of lighting, which has been so often. complained 
of, still exists, z.¢., one small tin oil lamp to each room, which is useless to read 
by. The luxury of good light would, doubtless, be highly appreciated by the 
men: andas gas is now in’such universal use in the colony, it is a matter of 
regret that it has not been introduced into the barracks, where it would add 
greatly to the cheerfulness of the rooms and the comfort of the men. 

“ Rations:—There has been no alteration in the scale of diet during the 
year, and the quality of the rations has, on the whole, been good. The 
monotony of the meat portion “of the diet; which is always beef, has been much 
felt. The occasional issue ofa ration of muttom has been: proposed more than 
once; but its high price forms an insuperable objection. The supply of vege- 
tables'is good and sufficient. 

* Water —The water has been abundant and of good quality. 

“ Clothing—The clothing has been well suited to the varying nature of the 
-climate. 

“ Duties:—The duties have not been’ heavy,—the: usual. guards, parades, 
&e..—and have exercised no unfavourable influence on health, 

“ Hospital Hstablishment.—-All the sick of the garrison are’ treated in the 
hospital ship ‘ Meeanee,’ moored in the middle of the harbour, The vessel 

‘is in good repair, sufficiently ventilated, and has not been overcrowded. 

“A boiler and tank, for hot water to'be laid/on to the baths on each deck, 
‘are about to be put) up, and a great want» will thereby be! supplied. A lift, 
from deck to’ deck, is much required ‘for the service of the hospital. It: was 
“brought forward in the estimates, but has:not been sanctioned. The medical 


* A regiment of Native’ Infantry of the»Bengal Army. formed part of the 
Expeditionary Force’serving<in the Malay Periinsula during pat of the year; the 
sveturns of the sickness of this:corps*have not'been compiled. 

12 


China and 
Straits 
Settlements. 


124 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


officer in charge of the hospital points out how necessary it is that means 
should be provided for transporting the sick to the hospital ship, either sitting 
or lying down, dressed or in bed, and efficiently protected from sun, or wind and 
weather. The proper conveyance would be a steam launch, with a deck-house, 
affording room for at least a dozen men, and a moveable bed or stretcher, on 
which they could be lifted in and out, when not able to walk. The existing 
means of transport are objectionable. An open pulling boat, with a canvas 
awning (which cannot be used in rough weather), is not suitable for the 
hospital service. 

“T would also draw attention to the many risks to which the ‘ Meeanee’ is 
exposed during the fearful typhoons which sometimes rage in the China Seas,— 
to say nothing of the ever-present danger of being run into by other vessels in 
such a crowded harbour as Hong Kong. 

“The only remedy, in my opinion, is to have an hospital on shore, which, 
I think, would, in the long run, be less expensive to maintain than the 
‘Meeanee,’ besides being more convenient, more.-comfortable, and free from 
continual danger. 

“The year 1876 has been the healthiest ever enjoyed by British troops im 
the colony of Hong Kong, and the number of admissions and deaths has been 
lower than during any previous year. The admissions amounted to 522, and 
the deaths, in hospital, to 2 only. One man also died out of hospital,—found 
drowned. 

“The satisfactory results of the past year are in a great measure due to 
the great sanitary improvements which have taken place at this station, and 
from being, as formerly, one of the most unhealthy, Hong Kong can now com- 
pare favourably with any other foreign station. 

“ Straits Settlements.—Besides the stations of Singapore, Penang and 
Malacca, in the Straits Settlements, troops have during the fyear occupied 
out-posts in the Malay Peninsula, viz., Blanja, Banda Bateru, Qualla Kangsa, 
Kinta, and Sunjhie Ujory. I will, therefore, deal first with the fixed stations, 
Singapore, Penang, and Malacca. 

% Barracks-—The barracks—consisting of Fort Canning and Tanglin in 
Singapore, For} Cornwallis and the Lines at Penang, and the Infantry Lines 
at Malacca—are reported well constructed, sufficiently ventilated, and amply 
spacious for the number of their occupants, The walls of the rooms have been 
thoroughly lime-washed, and cleanliness has been observed both within and 
without the buildings. 

“ Rations.—The rations have been of good quality, and no change has taken 
place in the quantity. Beef was the only meat issued, and is reported to have 
been of good quality. The vegetables are of various kinds, and seem to have 
had a beneficial effect upon health. 

“ Water—Vhe water is obtained from wells, and has been good and 
sufficient. 

“ Clothing.—White clothing is in general use, and is well adapted to the 
climate. Serge is worn by men on night duty in the wet season. 

“« Duties.—The duties, comprising guards, parades, drills, &c., have been in 
no way excessive. At Penang, they were slightly heavier than usual, owing to 


the withdrawal of troops to occupy Perak. 


“ Drainage.—The drainage, was reported satisfactory during the year. 

“ Hospitals.—At Singapore there are two hospitals, Fort Canning and 
Tanglin ; the former used for the Royal Artillery and a small detachment of 
infantry stationed at the Fort, and the latter (4 miles away) for the 80th 
Regiment. They are in good condition, well ventilated, and ample in accommo- 
dation for the average number of patients. The hospital at Penang has: 
accommodation for 26 patients. During the early part of the year the space 
was rather limited, owing to the influx of patients from the Perak Field Foree 5 
but, considering the ordinary strength of the garrison, the accommodation is 
sufficient for ordinary cases. Additional accommodation is, however, required 
for the treatment of contagious diseases. 

“ At Malacca, the hospital was slightly overcrowded on one or two occasions, 
but the average space was sufficient. A large house, facing the sea, has been 
purchased for the purpose of turning it into a hospital more suitable for the 
requirements of the troops, and will probably be soon taken over for occupation. 


REPORT FOR 1876. ; 125 


The Out-Posts in the Malay Peninsula. 


“The huts in the camps generally were of the ordinary Malay pattern, built 
on piles a few feet above the’ground. ‘he flooring consisted of bamboos, 
crossed in the form of a grating; the side walls were also made of bamboo, 
flattened and plaited ; while the roofing was made of the Nepas palm. Owing 
to the malarious nature of the country, it isa most important point that the 
huts should be raised from the ground. The huts erected at Qualla Kangsa, at 
the commencement of the Perék campaign, were not raised from the ground, 
and the sickness was very great in consequence. ‘The ventilation of the huts 
was so perfect that overcrowding was never complained of. 

“When the stations on the Perak river were first occupied, river water was 
used for every purpose, but it was found so impure, owing to the nuisances 
committed in it by the Malays, that it was deemed advisable to employ 
Norton’s tubular well-pumps, and, as an additional precaution, to have the 
water boiled and filtered before being used. After that measure was adopted, 
dysentery and diarrhoea became much less prevalent. The quality of the water 
was good, and the supply ample. 

“ Rations.—Owing to the difficulty of communicating with the out-posts, it 
was some time before supplies of fresh provisions could be regularly forwarded 
to some of them, notably Kinta, where, in the early part of the occupation, the 
health of the men evidently suffered from the continued use of preserved 
meats. Buffaloes were shot occasionally, but the flesh was extremely tough 
and not very digestible, On the issue of fresh meat and vegetables, the men’s 
health rapidly improved. 

“ Clothing.—White clothing was in use during the day, and serge at night. 

“ Hospitals—The best situated hut at each encampment was used as an 
hospital. The accommodation was generally sufticient for the number of sick, 
and the ventilation was carefully attended to. 

“ Stckness.—The prevailing diseases at the out-posts were diarrhea, 
dysentery, and fevers. 

“T may add that, on the whole, it may be considered that the health of the 
troops in the Command during the year 1876 has been remarkably good. The 
Straits Settlements, in proportion to their strength as compared with Hong 
Kong, have furnished more than 2 to 1 of the admissions at the latter place. 
But, considering the trying nature of service in the interior of the Malay 
Peninsula, and the long residence ‘in the East of the Ist Battalion 10th Regi- 
ment, which furnished the greater part of the garrisons at the out-posts, the 
results may be deemed satisfactory. 


China and 
Straits 
Settlements. 


The rate of primary invalidi 
invaliding is 6°06 per 1,000 lower than t 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT _ 


Section II. 


On the Extent of Invaliding. 


Mean Strevgth .. ae. 


Disabilities. 


peanessminrss = foie oh 


Simple Continued Fever. . 
Remittent Fever .. : 
Rheumatism a oe 
Secondary Syphilis ee 
Phthisis .. ae aie 
Diabetes .. “0 ae, 
Meningitis aa Sis 
Softening of the Brain .. 
Epilepsy «+ 65 5 


Dementia .. He 
Hemiplegia 

Staphyloma 34 se 
Valve Diseases of the Heart 
Hypertrophy 3 3 
Palpitation . Fr 


Varicose Velms ..- xe 
Inflammation of Glands .. 
Bronchitis.. aS 
Dysentery «- a 
Hepatitis .. He 
Bright’s Disease .. 
Stricture of Urethra 
Orchitis .. a as 
Ulcer ae is Ac 
Boils hi os 
Debility .. Ar Sa 
Gunshot injuries (Battle) 


Total” .. ae 


Annual Ratio per 1,000 f 1876 
1866-75 


of Mean Strength .. 


The causes of the invaliding are shown 


ron Oey 


in the following Table :— 


White Troops 


| 
\ 


ng is 18°89 per 


2,589. 
; 
Sent c 
! Discharged 
i Single’ as Invalids. 
1 oa 
2 m6 
3 I 
1 é 
2 AE 
1 oe 
1 sia 
a 1 
1 h 
3 a 
1 ae 
i a 
5 3 
1 1 
5 bY 
1 1 
ic il 
2 = 
6 1 
5 ae 
os 1 
1 es 
ae a 
1 a 
1 oe 
10 i 
6 4 
61 22 
23°56 8°50 
56°50 28°82 


1,000 men, and that of final 
he corresponding rate of the preceding. 


REPORT FOR 1876. 12F 


’ Section III. 
Mean Daily Sick. 


The average number constantly sick of the European Troops, during the 
year, was 107‘01, and of the Asiatic Troops 1°85. 

The usual information, calculated from these numbers, is given in the 
following Table :— 


European Troops.| Asiatic Troops. 


‘Ratio Per 1,000 of Strength cae! 1876 . 41 33 28°91 
*Sick . oe Sa ‘ 18€6- 75 5619 74°82 
i ; ere Days. 
lable sant BBs: 1876 .. 15°09 10°55 
Average Sick time toeach Soldier .. 1866-75 20°51 27°31 
-Average duration of each Case of Sick- £1876 .. 14°95 16-47 
aeNOBS . ivo0 ae ae 1866-75 13-94 24-02 
Section IV. 


Influence of Age on Mortality. 


The ages of the White. Troops, in quinquennial iad and the deaths,. 
are shewn in the following Table :— 


20 and 25.and 3d and 
20 Years. | under 25. | under 30. | under 35. | under 40. | under 45. 
‘Corps. F Fi Bole ohtee bic F 
@ oo -| ooo ob © ob oth ose | 
aa ma Sa! aa oo 8 as 
fy g co g = ra Z £ ro S = ro & 2 ree s 2 as 
bea} 2 | eal} S|) so} Seals | eas bea Ls 
a A |< A |< A} <4 Al< QA} i=) 
Royal Artillery ... wae ee | peta a 70}. 2 90 34 38, 8 
“tst Battalion“10th Foot zee 2 am 242°)... [2185 % 120°) 9-2 68 2 14 
DEEN OL etre eye eer e. O42 2Te ee WO TT Weck |u62 "4, 2. |. I 
80th 4, ». ina ona we| 8 | os | 4838] 2) 2247 6 60} 1]. 66 Peal bate 1 
Total ove was|ie (Ol - | 1,099 4 726 | 13 291 3 | 234 8 50 1 
Annual ratio per ¢1876— 3°64 17°90 10°31 34°19 20-00 
stills 000 of Strength... ? 1873-- 7a) 8-01 10°40. 20°08 18°86 36°36 


a RR RE RP SE ER 


China ané 
Straits 
Settlements. 


128 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


XIL—ON THE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING IN THE 
FIJI ISLANDS. 


Section I. 
Sickness and Mortality. 


STATISTICAL REPORT. 


Fiji Islands, | Tue force in this Command consisted of the 6th Company of Royal Engi- 
neers, having an annual average strength of 57 non-commissioned officers and 
men, amongst whom there were 114 admissions into hospital, 3 deaths, and an 
average constantly sick of 5-05; 5 men were invalided. The ratios given by 
these numbers afe, for admissions 20000, for deaths 52°63, for constantly sick 
88°60, and for invalids 87°72 per 1,000 of the strength respectively. 

General Diseases.—'The admissions in this class were 28, being in the pro- 
portion of 491'2 per 1,000 of the strength ; excepting 3 returned in the consti- 
tutional group, all the admissions were for febricula, and the illnesses appear 
to have been of the same nature as the ordinary ardent fever of hot countries. 

No admission for fever of a paroxysmal kind is returned. 

Diseases of the Nervous System.—The 7 admissions for diseases in this order, 
are in the rate of 121'8 per 1,000 of the strength, 3 of them were on account 
of sunstroke, two of the attacks of which were of the congestive kind (heat 
apoplexy), were fatal, one attack (which ended favourably) was due to the direct 
effect of the rays of the sun, 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—47 admissions are returned in this order, 
being in the proportion of 824°6 per 1,000 of the strength, more than half of 
the admissions however were for dyspepsia ; the significance of the greatly 
preponderating frequency of diseases of the digestive system in the Command 
is destroyed by the fact that dyspepsia is not necessarily in relation to climatic 
peculiarities ; respecting these admissions the medical officer writes that “the 
larger proportion was due to excessive drinking.” Diarrhoea, caused 6 admis- 
sions, and hepatitis 8. One admission was due to peritonitis, concerning the 
attack (which was fatal), the medical officer remarks that no cause could be 
assigned for it but exposure when the man was in a state of intoxication, and 
in another part of his report he mentions that the drink used by the men was 
of a very deleterious kind, it may therefore be surmised that the death might 
with more accuracy have been returned in the class of poisons. 

Diseases of the Cutaneous System, caused 13 admissions, 4 of them being for 
prickly heat. 

Conditions, &¢., General Debility, caused 5 admissions. 


Section II, 
Invaliding. 


The cause of invaliding was epilepsy, in one instance, hepatitis in one, and 
debility in three. 


Section III. 
Mean Daily Sick. 
The average number constantly sick was 5°05, being: in the rate of 88°60 


per 1,000 men. The average sick time to each soldier was 32°34 days; the 
average duration of each case of sickness was 16°16 days. 


REPORT FOR 1876. 129 


XIII.--ON THE HHALTH OF THE TROOPS SERVING IN INDIA. 


Section I, 


Sickness and Mortality. 


The average annual strength of the non-commissioned officers and men India, 
in India was 58,641; the admissions into hospital were 77,998, and the 
deaths 944, of which 890 took place in India, and 54 (being those of 
invalids) on the passage or after arrival in England. The average number 
of constantly sick was 3,130. The rates from these numbers are, for ad- 
missions 133071, for deaths 16:10 and for constantly sick 53°38 per 1,000 
of the strength. 

a sickness for each of the three Commands, is shown in the following 
Table :— 


Ratio per 1,000 of Mean | & Sa 
DeAtHE, Strength. 2 g 
3 : Seed ee? 
’ ed ake 
E g 3 Pos 82 
: a > Zas|\so 
3 ; b> < bo ae 
4 3 Lo} = 3 = (=) 
gore se e) 2 [>< ee | oa | ee 
as |e} 3 | 2 SR Se |e) a2 | Pal Ba 
Selec eisisiz2) 2 | 2) 2 |28 | 83183 
ae: oS ra vey ° 5 ° s my iz 5.2 Po; ES 
< < ae 1/O;}8]4 12) 4 A C= eS) <q i< 
Days |Days 
Bengal ... svs| 87,147 | 52,482) 588 | 27 | 615 1,826 2,060 |1412°8) 16°55) 35°69) 55,°46/20-24)14°33 
Madras ... seo] 11,132 | 12,224) 174 | 11 | 185 | 478 561 |1098°1) 16°62) 42°94) 50°40/18 °39]16°75 
Bombay das «| 10,362 | 18,292} 128 | 16 | 144] 482 509 |1282°8; 18°90) 46°52) 49-12)17 94/13 °91 
Total — .».| 58,641 | 77,998] §90 | 54 | 944 | 2,286) 3,130 |1330°1} 16°10) 38°98) 53 °38/19 -48|14°65 
eee 


I.—BEneat. 


STATISTICAL REPORT. 


The average annual strength of the non-commissioned officers and men Bengal. 

was 37,147 ; the admissions into hospital were 52,482; the deaths, including 
those of invalids who died at sea or after arrival in England were 615; the 
average number of constantly sick was 2,060. The rate of admissions is 
1,412'8, that of deaths is 16°55, and that of constantly sick is 55°46 per 
1,000 of the average annual strength. The rate of admissions is 59°4 per 
1,000 men higher than in the preceding year, the death-rate is 1°83 lower, and 
and the rate of constantly sick is °77 per 1,000 lower. 


Bengal. 


~men. 


150 


The admissions and deaths in the different classes and ordérs of diseases, are 
shown in the following Table :— 


WRMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


ee 


Sinaneth a7 Ratio per 1,000 of 
nonaths AUAer Mean Strength. 
Di Deaths. 1876. 1869-75. 
isecases. 
s 3| 3 3 rd 
3 3 a|s 2 iS 
: ieee goal ti ie Be ee 
= o Ble pete fh ce Ge miles 
eo) < SUOMI = A < A 
General Diseases. \ 
j1| Febrile Group. 21,455 | .206 2 | 208 | 577°6 60 | 625°0 | 8°43 
9| Constitutional ,, ..| 5,340 56 | 8 | 644 143°8 | 1°72 | 159°5 | 2°20 
Local. Diseases. 
{| Nervous System .. ¥96'| 85 | 02) S7 | 21:4] 2734 | 2028 | 2336 
9\'Hye .. aS es 660") (4). z aa SES S| te DBAS Wants 
“Si Baa hs. Ai a 807 83 aa Aer el ens 
4| Nose «. aA a 29 Map sate Se re RB ae 6 01 
£| Circulatory System .. goo | 37 | 1] 38! 21°8 | 1-02 | + 20:0) 156 
¢| Absorbent rene 532 Crate uf 14°3, 03 HID Ee Neate: 
*| Ductless Glands 3 hit tech aes oi t mal “01 
8| Respiratory System..| 2,146 | 28) 4 32} 57°8| “86 | 57°8 | 1°22 
9| Digestive 1 OE ASeTONr 11s wl QV P2172 13°26 | 2464 5 A2 
10| Urinary  Tifeajoo7- | 9.) 2} AO fOr? | 27.) 108-8) 84 
11| Generative LB ABA \o. Jae Mets oes pS Ses eee bs EN SRA 
72| Organs of Locomotion 183 if 1 2 4-9 “05 5-1 *05- 
13| Cellular Tissue ae 433 : $ : 11°6 e malates® ‘03 
14] Cutaneous System ..| 2,451 66:0 | .. 67-1 ‘OL 
ILI. Conditions, Sc. 
‘Debility Ne 933 Ac al al 25°1 03 18 4 09 
IV. Poisons .. 135 6 sc 6 3°6 16 4°4 | +29 
V. Injuries. 
9) Accidental SOV OI Bert ete 924 95°8| °59 | 86°S 86 
3| Homicidal .. ae 2 S| 46 1 ‘03 *05 
4) Self-inflicted. . ie Sh PRON 20 3 54: re Boy 
6) Judicial AC te Sigl\ectemballiere eal alias “02 
VI. Surgical Operations 20 i Nias 2 5 05 *3)|. 02 
Not specified ae va thes cl) rake a ie ae aif ‘OL 
No appreciable disease 25 | crltaate é 6 io) aie 
Total oe . | 52,482 | 588 27 | 615 §1412 °8 [16°55 |1490°2 |23 "BA 
Average of 10 years i ia 4 iit: cama 
so ee aes } rf 1466'S j24-44] .. | se 


Guneran'Disnases.—Compared with 1875 there is an merease of §4'9 per 
1,000 men in the rate of admissions for the class, the whole of which is in 
the febrile group ; for the constitutional growp there is a reduction of 18* per 
1,000. “he vate of mortality for ‘the class is lower by 1°21 per :1,000 
men, of this the febrile group gives ‘89, and the constitutional 32 per 1,000 


The admissions and ‘deaths from ‘the principal diseases of this class, are 
shown in the followiag Table :— 


REPORT FOR’ 1876. —- dou! 


x ; Ratio per 1,000 of Mean 
Strength, 37,147 Died. Str ength. 
“4 : 1876. 1869-75. 
rS a 
General Diseases. 3 a 14 3 8 
3 Oy Enalyenih hee Ey ih be ; 
= BH | O pH ys A x A 
Febrile— 
‘Eruptive Fevers .. o3 GOO ii tee Loy hie ad LOMO H I si0-% 2:0 20 
‘Continued ,,. .. «| 5,432 | 70 | 1. | 70 9146-2 | 1°89. 171-5 | 1:99 
Paroxysmal ,, .. -»| 15,057 | 17 2 | 19. }405.°3 *51 1440-3 |.1-57 
/Cholera .. &é # 163 | 114 |... [ld4f 4:4 |,.3:07 | 6°8 | 4:52 
Influenza .. ne eis a ee Siecle 8 . 12 Ee 
Erysipelas = Ae 59 Sisal cc 54 1°6 ‘13. |. 2°5 09 
Other diseases... 2 Re) I MRS Wie 5 : Be ie ta 8) 
Total of Febrile ie ag (8 ae 
ee } 21,455 | 206 | 2 208 4977-6 |:5-60 je25-0 | 8-43 
Constitutional— 
Rheumatism As Balu eso el pala cenit, eon Wek ee) am fee 52°9 02 
Syphilis .. we |. 12,978.) 4 jor. 4] 60-2} -11 -g9-2 | 11 
Sorofale, PBithisis, ‘&e. Fd 8385 | 42 Cuasat sOeOn eeOnedkOr 1186 
Sewrvy and fas ge a5 CEN Sate 22 "5 | 02 
Anemia ... 40 142 3 4] 3°8 Hein 5 7 04 
Other diseases... aft 17 th 8 5 21 8 15 


‘Total of Constitu- 
tional Group 


Eruptive Fevers—tThe rate of admissions exceeds that of 1875 by 16°6 per 
1,000 men, an eight-fold increase, this result is due to the reappearance of 
dengue fever in an epidemic form. Of the 699 admissions for eruptive fevers 
668 were due to dengue; other forms of fevers of this nature are in a lower 
‘proportion than in the preceding year. The admissions for small-pox were 6, 
for measles 2], for scarlet fever 1, and there were 3 admissions after vacci- 
nation. 

Continued Fevers.—The rate of admissions is 14°9 per 1,000 men higher 
than that of the preceding year. The rate of mortality is fractionally lower. 

Paroxysmal Fevers—The rate of admissions is 43°6 per 1,000 men higher 
than in 1875, associated with this result is a rate of mortality lower by 20: 
per 1,000, or more than a third. 

Cholera—This disease was epidemic in certain localities in the Com- 
mand, but its rate of prevalence was 1:1 per 1,000 men (or one-fifth) 
~ less, and its rate of mortality ‘61 (or one-sixth) less, than in the preceding 
“year. ° 
4 Erysipelas: —The rate of prevalence is 15 per 1,000 men lower than that 

of 1875. 

Rheumatism. ei enesd with the preceding year the rate of admissions is 
lower by 8'1 per 1,000 men. 

mabe —The rate of admissions is 11:2 per 1,000 men lower than in 

1875 

Scrofula, Phthisis, &c.—Compared with :the preceding year there is in the 
present, a: fractionally higher rate of admissions, associated with a considerably 
reduced death-rate. 

Locat Diszasrs.— Diseases of the Nervous System.—The rate of prevalence 
“ fractionally higher than in 1875, whilst the rate of mortality is fractionally 

ower. 

Diseises of the Eye—'The rate of aah mci is lower than in 1875, by 2°5- 
per 1,000 men. 


Bengal. 


Bengal. 


132 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Diseases of the Circulatory System.—The rate of admissions is fractionally * 


lower, whilst that of deaths is fractionally higher than in 1875. 

Diseases of the Respiratory System—The rate of admissions is 2:8, and that 
of deaths is ‘23 per 1,000 men lower than in 1875. 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of admissions is 5-4 per 1,000 
men lower, but the rate of deaths is ‘11 higher than in 1875. 

Diseases of the Urinary System.—the rate of admissions is 5°9 per 1,000 men 
higher than in the preceding year. 

Convirions, &c.— Debility—The rate of admissions is 5-1 per 1,000 men, or 
one-fifth higher than in the preceding year. 

Porsons.— Compared with 1875 the results shown are a fractionally higher 
admission-rate, associated with a fractionally lower death-rate. : 

“Ingurtes,—Aceidental.—The rate of admissions is 4’8 per 1,000 men higher 
than in 1875 ; the death-rate is ‘31 per 1,000, or nearly one-third lower. Of 
the 22 accidental deaths, the specific cause was a.burn in one instance, 
multiple injury in 6, drowning in 6, impaction of a foreign body in the air- 
passage in_1, injury of the brain or of the skull in 5, gunshot wound in 2, and 
rupture of the spleen in 1. The homicidal death, was from a gunshot. The 
mode of death in the 20 self-inflicted deaths was by drowning in 3, by hanging 
in 2, by a fall from a height in 1, by cut-throat in 1, by gunshot in 12, and by 
wound (weapon not stated) in 1. 

The admissions and deaths which took place at the chief stations in the 
Command, are shown in the following Table :— 


~ 


ce 


= Ratio per J,C00 soma Bene 
5 2 ; of Strength pert 000 
g Seg a 1866-75 
: Bo ee ies — ae 
Stations. 4S ioe Sle < 5 
o Ors o cs 
ne | Be | 8 = £3 
ER | ‘gs | oo 3 
SH | Sm |S | 3 3 Boole 
is! a 
< < A < a 3 5 
( Calcutta PEO saree ea 792° | 7:19] 12471 | 16°05 
Dum-Dum ..| 651 896 | 10] 1876° | 15°36] 1268°'0 | 22°43 
Presidency 4 Barrackpore ..| 489 | 1,183 | 7 | 2580: | 15°94) 17970 29°17 
| Hazaribagh ..| 101] 108 | 1] 1069-) 9°90) 1217°2 | 17°32 
(Darjeeling .. 17 ds GLI |) Fie 1029°5-|° 9+38 
Allahabad = ..| 946 |1,514 | 14 | 1600°- 14-60 17484 | 40°42 
Dinapore «.| 882 |1,383 | 16 1511: | 18:14] 1518-8 | 23-80 
Allahabad + Benares .:| 478 | 702] 8 | 1468: | 10-46] 1520-7 | 22-47 
ee ne 68 | 187 | 5 | 2014: | 73°52) 2230°5 | 31°32 
Cawnpore ..| 739 880; 16 4 1190° | 21°65} 1617°7 | 23°85 
Lucknow .. | 2,251 |8,510 | 80 | 1559° | 13-22] 1259-1 | 24°32 
Oudh . 4 Fyzabad ..| 970 |1,580 | 28 1577 | 28°86) 1156-0 | 20°76 
Sitapur sole OOD 765 |. 7 | 1294- | 11-84) 1110-9 | 17°21 
Bareilly Se Hed CO eel 9 993° | 11°59] 977°5 | 10°51 
Rh. habjehanpur..| 465 | 376 | 5] 808: | 10°75) 1198-0 | 21-07 
Rohileund 4 Mfo-gdabad ..| 214| 189 | 3] 888- | 14-01| 104% -1 | 16-78 
Rhanikhet <./1,281 | 933 | 18 757° | 14°62] 1054°0 | 16°80 
Jubbulpore ..| 566 | 679 | 3] 1199 5 +80] 16026 | 28°99 
Saugor ..4Saugor .. ..| 860} 462) 4] 12838 11°11] 1908-5 | 27-16 
Nowgong.. ..| 257 | 888] 3] 1509: | 11-67)1704'8 | 25°99 
Morar... ..|1,116 | 1,227 | °% J099° | 6:27] 1665°8 | 27-27 
Gwalior FortressGwalior} 319 | 886) 7} 1210° | 21-94) 1295°5 | 25°66 
Jhansi.. »-|. 850 | .983 | .. 2808 ° re 2563 °3 | 17°95 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


* 


x 
=] 
a 
Stations. Aa 
o 
ap & 
£5 
Ln 
< 
Meerut. . +. {1,454 
* | Fatebgarh ..| 227 
Acra .. -» | 1,069 
Meerut .. 4 Muttra vel oat 
Delhi .. --| 554 
Roorkee vel’ 359 
Chakrata Bole Wiexs 
Umballa +. | 1,249 
Jullundur wet isan |) 
Subathu oe] 738 
Sirhind .. Dapehai "| 738 
Jutogh.. ae 62 
Solun .. -.| 160 
“Meen Meer 886 
Fort Lahore ..| 152 
Amritsar ..| 282 
FortGovindgarh| 90 
Ferozepore ..|1,064 
Lahore .. } Mooltan 743 
Fort Kangra .. 52 
Bhagsu 64 
Banikhet 61 
{Dalhousie 29 
( Rawal Pindi ..|1,479 
Sialkot 1,089 
Campbellpore.. 98 
| Fort Attock 202 
BE isa oo 102 
awaits Kooldunnah . 118 
Khyra Gully .. 51 
Bara Gully ..| 108 
Chungla Gully 93 
| Kalabegh ope 107 
Camp Ghareeal} 145 
j Peshawar »- | 1,696 
Peshawar. . 1 Nowshere -| 362 
Cherat.. --| 411 
Camps of Exercise, &c. wep Sa2 
Troops on the March.. hah d 2nd 
» treated at Convales- 
cent Depdts and +} 2,288 
other Hospitals .. 


l 


Admitted into 
Hospital 


wo | Died in India. 


ew 
~I=3 
ce 
is 


_ 
~ 
ro 
[ors] 


we 
wo 
a 
Or 
a 


ei 
eo} 
on a 
oo o9 

. e 

s OTe HAT HEDOOW WHOS 


~ 
ie) 
He 


x 
oo ~T 
oo oo 
- oc 
~ oo 


3,172 90 


Admitted. 


1745- 
1315° 
1250- 
1090° 
1963° 
1402° 
*794° 


RE C1 C OOF 
rar 
a 


1377- 
1481- 
1055 
981 - 
¥723 - 
775° | 6°25141370 - 


SOoWNSeH 
— 
— 


133 


Bengal. | 


Ratio per 1,000 eat pees 
,000. 
of Strength. 1866-75. 


a EES 


7 years only. 
8 years only, 
6 years only. 
3 years only. 


* 
+ 
a 
§ 


2556° | 19°18} 2344-6 | 40- 
2118° | 32°8914+2463°3 | 33° 
2943- | 4-311*1860-0 | 40: 
2466: | 11°11}*1630-9 | 17° 
1840° | 15°97] 1301-2 |16- 
2102: | 10-76] 1412-4 | 16- 
2807 - | 38-46]+1190-0 | 16: 
781° | 15-621t1100-7 | 10- 
819 .. |§1029°0 | 4° 
1482: | 34°48} |1955-8 | 63° 
1363: | 10°81] 1467-6 | 13- 
1662° | 17°44] 1376-7 | 13° 
1377 | 30°61] 1310-6 | 14° 
1955- | 24-75) 2142-2 | 20- 
1833: | 9-80] 1751-8 | 15: 
1516 8:47] §888:°8 | 6 
1333: | 19 -60]§1125°8 | 6- 
1851 .. {§1033-9 | 20 
1526° | 10°75}§1066 4 | 13- 
2457+ | 18 -69]§1723-4 | 6° 
993: | 75 -86)**#561°4 ] 3 
1757- | 81°25) 2658-4 | 43 
1950- | 24°86] 2282-0 | 19 
1834° | 19°46] 1439-7 | 20 
841: | 3-444 .. ae 
1046° | 3-13 . 

1386: | 39°33 ae 
|| 4 years only. 


{| 2 vears only. 
** 5 years only. 


s 


Bengat. 


134 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Although cholera was-epidemic amongst-the-troops at- Peshawar, there is a 


reduction of 1467: per 1,000 men in the rate of admissions on that.of the pre- 


ceding year, a result due to the diminished prevalence of paroxysmal fevers. 
BPxcluding stations, the average strength at which was not equal to that of a 
regiment, the highest rate of admissions for sickness in the present.year is that 
for the station of Meen Meer, which exceeds the average rate of the Command 
by 1143: per 1,000 men, and which “is also 83° per 1,000 higher than its own 
rate for 1875. The great prevalence of ague throughout the year (and in every 
corps stationed at Meen Meer) caused the very high admission-rate, Of 
stations having lower rates of admissions than in the preceding year, the most 
noticeable is thas of Calcutta, and it is so, not on account of the importance of 
the decrease (29° per 1,000 men), as of the fact that there has been a progres- 
sive diminution in the admission-rate of this station for several years, in the 
present year it is conspicuously low, the death-rate of the station is also very 
favourable. There are 13 stations, the admissions at each of which are less 
than the average annual strength ; all the stations, in the Rohileund Division 
are iu this category. 

The admissions and deaths in the different classes and orders of diseases 
in each of the Military Divisions, are shown in the following Table :— 


REPORT FOR 1876. 135 


Bengal. 


3 re 3 
Boater Ratt tho. fetter | Sinbeted |. oun | peor) holga Mca | sees | Sohind | atore Jap Pitt] Peewar [excep ana] Toes on. fone 
Camp. 
: z 7 — ss ee Pe ae — 
Strength, Average annual -| 2,118 . 3,039 3,869 2,747 | 1,176 | 1,754 | 4,501 3,926 3,302 | 3\510 | 2,884 829 | - 1,893 1,692 
; i | d 
gis Ro te ae maa Ble te ie} 2 ie) s- le @ le! 2 lel 3 lel a lg ma | sc | eucewh caste |e fee tse be 
Bln? Sek clea ella iaw ae ls A | oS eo eaeeetee A | ale | Sia is ie es 1a 
et oe ee 4 Raa nerat Hf -—} -—_|-——- -——|-} — = |- —_ a HES Pe we Peis Sat 
I. General Diseases. 
1) Febrile Group 1,275 | 17] 1,736 | 30] 527] 10 4] 1,196 | 3] 1,839] 13] 2,229] 10] 4,394] 15} 2,611) 28] 2,564] 47] 199] 1] 493 843] 19 
Si Gonatititional ;, ei7| 4] 748| 7] 301] 3 177 | 1] 493) 7| 689] ..) 415/ 8] 4821! 6] 341! 2] iss} ..] 228] ..] sae] 9 
II. Local Diseases. j i 
Diseases of the— | 
1 | Nervous System . 69 9 113} 13 35 2 51 3 
2} Eye 68} . 83 45 18 
Be ere a ne lee Drie oo Tele, 20 Salk 
4 | Nose 1 1 1 
5 | Circulatory System ... 55 5 137 4 37 2 61 1 
6 | absorbent: © jy» izi| i] 58 28 ey z 
7 | Ductless Glands EN 
“8 | Respiratory System. ... Pigersieatea bP. Ik) 4 feet es 
9| Digestive , _ 861| 16] 965] 10} 563| 13 bales 
10 | Urinary rh LOM Ds 701 2 155 167 1 
1l | Generative ,, sees BY meee ey (0 emma Weare Geel see QBy |) ens TOL vee 
12 Organs of Locomotion a 6 ay PND eee Liye 8 9 
13 | Cellular Tissue ey Ce 25 = 36 nee Ce eee 26 22 
me: Cutaneous System <.. .... 160]... 268) ... 7 863] ... 120 
Ill. Conditions, de. 


Debility Per een hn (61) ~ 35 BOs cee iM le eLAL ass 48) 
i 
IV. Poisons See Saar 6 2 15 2 Ee Fo ey 


Y. Injuries. 7 
(Accidental 4G. =n) 182) 31- 303/21 4at 
Homilies! ee a: Ba Let Sarcatip ceo au 
Selfingieted 0 9. f  | AN aS 
Judicial ze i. eet | ak a BAS) weft 


1 5 

1} 4 vl 
VI. Surgical Operations ... eae BN hts 3 2 1 (ee 
| No appreciable disease... Sree id) as: Been Kesh like 
74} 2,278 | 36 


rm 


21 


Da & Oo 


5 


; | 


14} 5,195 | 72] 5,367 


| 64 | 4,525 
| 


i 


2,968} 29! 4,619 |, 59] 5,906 


4 


~ 


oonontrioaw# -— wo Ww 


oa - &S we 


Divisions 


Diseases. 


1. General Diseases. 
febrile Group ... 


Constitutional ,, 


If. Local Discases. 


Diseases of the— 
Nervous System 


Eye 

Ear 

Nose 

Circulatory System ... 
Absorbent ae 
Ductless Glands 
Respiratory System ... 
Digestive a 
Urinary rc 
Generative i 
Organs of Locomotion 
Cellular Tissue 


Cutaneous System 


Ill. Conditions, &c. 
Debility vow 


IV. Poisons... 


V. Injuries. 


| Accidental 


Homicidal 
Self-inflicted ... 
Judicial 


VI. Surgical Operations 


No appreciable disease 


Total ... 


’ oe, tas"? S Psion 5a" 


~ y Nal 
136 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
Ratio per 1,000 of Mean Strength 
| a 
tt i a a { 
Presidency | Allahabad Oudh Rohileund Saugor Gwalior Meerut . Sirhina Lahore 
Division. Division. Division. District. District. District. Division. Division. Division. 
| 
} 
. fears fi 
3 =} Ue) 3 3 3 = |i oS oS od 
cree: BEB ee eee coe eae zB | 3 
< a < a < a 4 A < a 4 a =< |/A < A < a < a 
| 
| 580°69| 3°78} 415-54] 5°59) 449-86) 7 191-85) 3°64) 663-26] 3-40} 681-87) 1:71] 408-48] 2°89} 567-77) 2°55]1330°71 4°54) 66980) 7°98]1075 50/19 °71f 240°05 
101 -98} 2°36} 203 03} 1°32} 193°83), 1 109.'57| 1-09) 105 °44 100°91) *57 10951) 1°56 175 °50) 125 68) 2°42) 137 °32| 1°71} 143-04] *84) 
} ; } 
| A 
14:17| 1°42} 22°70} 2-96) 29°28) 3: 12°74] °73) 18°71] 1°70f 28°51] 1°1 18°66 3:55 15 ‘28) 1°53) 25°74, 2:12) 77 
14°17 22°37 21°51 16°38 13°61 21°10 21°32 15°28 14°54 uy : 
7°08)... 8°28 18°40 7°28 4°25 9°12 10°22 5°86 12°42 X my 
, he 
“47 "38 +26] “36 1°70 1‘14. 1°33 *2D| wes 2°42) _ 
17°94 18°10] 1°64) 35°50) 1° 13°A7) *73) 5°10 14°82] 57) 17°33] 1°33) 80°05] 2°29 14°54) +59 
14°64 43°11} °33) 15°08 10°19 16'16 13°68 8°22) Pay fo 1) Geer ia Sass ees Be 
“47 - “dl 
55°24| *47)° 71°08 47-94 26) 40°41) 1:46) 41°67 54°16 49°53 67) 44°83). 1 02} 71°77) 1°21 55°79) -42) 101-33 5 
| 
.| 255-90) 2°83} 283°32| 5°26) 250-06) 2°59 204:95| 4°73) 141°16) 1°70) 210-95] 1°71} 213-02) 4:22}°191 03) 2°55 221°68) 3°33 "55! 2°94) 139-93 
.} 151°09| 47) 167-82 181°65 52] 56°43. 138'61} 85} 110-60 89-07} *221-102°14) _-51} 90°85 78°86 118 21 108 °29 59 
24°55 20°73) 16°07 8°37 GON cas 6°84 11°33 fi 11°72 9°09 17°62 15°68 12°15 
2°83 6°91 6°22 2°91 = *85 12°54 a °22) 37 82\)- sss 6 “66 1°68 8°44) 4°75 
11°80 11°84 15°81 9°47 . 6°80 12°54 13°10)... 11°97)... 9°69 OF 23h. 13°27 5°81 €3 
; 
75°54 88°19 94°06 . 43°68 61°22 72°98 60 86 ahs 62°15 91°16 7 
| 
| 
I . 
31°16 25°01! . 36°54 17°47 7°65 22°24 15°55 10°44 57 *84 Ne . 
| } 
la 
2°83 9. 4°98 4°66 5°10 3°38 sae 2°55 6:06 i 
Ke 
| 
1 | i id . 
35-93] 1°42] 99-70] ‘66] 111-69. 26] 78°27] -36] 72°28) ‘85} 83°24) 1°14 oe +22] 107 -49 104°78 74°66] ... | 73°58] 1°20] 66°03 3 
a7| Pe ae oO ek Me S 
66 26) 1°04) *36) 11d 67] 1-1y Bl] =°25 : 
Dy | 
| 
: ? 
*95 “99 “78 52) “36 85) ret anes f 6) 1:21 
ae | 1 
| F 
1°42 1°32 1°04 ‘2 $20|\ lisse 6] 
ote ey aed al (en es Paw i i re oe Ae Pe 
<<e81401 *32|13 *69]1519 °91|19°41]1530 '45]19 °18] 829°26]13 °10]1306 -97) 8°50 1457 °81) 7 °98:1153 -93}15 *9911367 “D4|10 70/2211 -99 
| 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


6 | ste | | 82 ce 
oa ordi ie 3a 
rie See: y E, 
@ | er | | eer 0 OIL 
BS) BAD IRN se Ee 
et | ees | ** | 6% I 66L 
Bat hi t a i 
wy vos. | tas A Fe 
eal baat | eh \dee a a 
1 | soz | “| FOr T ee 
~o lieol elabel & > 
oR PR ad cin fae se an 
Bf Bysl SPB calinte B 
: Bete) hewee : + 
269'T 68'T 628 
~~ que 
‘sigded | “WIV | rgeq pets asto 
quadsaywatIog | UO Scoot, “ioxg jo dure9) 
eee = a 


LEP Ve S| PEL 
Teles Ste Coa) I z Sales 
se | or | gr | oe eng “| $2 mets tap Nase 
Bir. Wevccs|V s re wef oe feed a ae ile dare Wee le a 
Pacer aed Lee) Wee ter OO. W Sia tho Eanes tO 
1-86 eT T6D. hd RT Te eeeOL Pere heen ae = 08 m5 ep 
“LOL Pee 32> | pI saraleOhee te ame Ole) ad ace es He RS 
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. ory 


REPORT FOR 1876.. 139 


The rate of admissions for General Diseases, is higher than in the preceding Bengal. 
year for every Division excepting Rohilcund, Meerut, and Peshawar, which 
show reductions of 38:9, of 100°4, and of 896°9 per 1,000 men respectively. 
The increase in the instance of the Presidency is 268°7, of Allahabad 98°7, of 
Oudh 168°1, of Saugor 91°1, of Gwalior 161°4, of Sirhind 172°6, of Lahore 
3242, and of Rawal Pindi 351- per 1,000 of the strength. An increased rate 
is also shown for Troops Marching, and for Camps of Exercise, For diseases 
of the febrile growp, every Division shows ap. increase on the rate of 1875 
except Peshawar, in which there is a very large decrease—927°8 per 1,000 
men. For diseases of the constitutional group, every Division shows a decreased 
rate of admissions excepting the Presidency, Saugor, and Rawal Pindi.. No 
uniform correspondence is seen between the results as regards the mortality 
from diseases in this class in the various Divisions, and those relating to its 
proportional prevalence, increased rates of prevalence, and increased rates of 
mortality, are associated in some, whilst in others with increased rates of 
prevalence, there are lower rates of mortality. The disturbing influence of 
invaliding, upsets conclusions drawn from the fact of mortality, considered alone. 

LHruptwe Fevers.—The relative infrequency of fevers of the eruptive kind 
in adults in India as elsewhere, usually makes a record of the number of 
instances in which fevers of this group have attacked soldiers, little more than 
a formal acknowledgment of the importance of uniformity in statistical 
data, year after year; in the present year however the attacks of eruptive 
fevers have been considerable in point of number, owing to the reappear- 
ance of one form of them, which is ordinarily seen only at long intervals. 
The epidemic of dengue fever which disease (of late years) appeared first 
amongst the troops in the Bengal Command in 1872, and then caused 4,026 
admissions into hospital, which in 1873 caused 43, 45 in 1874, and 43 in 1875, 
in the present year again assumed epidemic proportions and gave 668 admis- 
sions. The disease appeared in three of the Divisions only, the Allahabad, 
the Oudh, and the Sirhind, but with very unequal intensity in those Divisions, 
thus whilst the rate of admissions for eruptive fevers is greater in the Allahabad 
than in 1875 by a fraction only, it is greater by 151 per 1,000 men in the 
Oudh, and by 13°5 in the Sirhind. In each.of the Divisions named it appeared 
at one station only, namely at Allahabad, at Lucknow, and at Umballa. 
At Allahabad, the disease was confined to one corps there, the Ist Battalion 
5th Foot, but at Lucknow every corps in the garrison suffered, at Umballa it 
was nearly confined to the Ist Battalion 12th Foot, only 4 admissions for it 
took place in all the other corps in the garrison, There were no admissions 
for dengue in the first quarter of the year, 40 occurred in the second quarter, 
190 in the third quarter, and 438 in the last quarter, a sequence which would 
appear to indicate that the epidemic was increasing both in intensity, and in 
area of diffusion. ; 

Continued Fevers.—The rate of admissions for fevers of this nature is 
higher than in the preceding year for the Presidency, Allahabad, Oudh, 
Gwalior, Meerut, Sirhind, and Lahore Divisions, but is lower for the remaining 
ones, the increase is greatest in the Lahore Division, 101°9 per 1,000 men, 
being nearly double the rate of 1875, it is also large in the Oudh, and in the 
Sirhind Divisions, 77:°2 and 59° per 1,000 men respectively. In those Divisions : 
in which there is a lower rate of prevalence of continued fevers, the decrease 
is trifling in the instances of Saugor, and of Rawal Pindi, but is very 
large in that of Peshawar, 259°9 per 1,000 men, or considerably more than 
a third. With higher rates of prevalence, the rates of mortality are lower in 
the instances of the Allahabad, Rohilcund, and Sirhind Divisions, and higher 
in those of the Presidency, Oudh, Gwalior, Lahore and Meerut Divisions ; a 
lower rate of prevalence, and a higher rate of mortality are associated in the 
Saugor, whilst in the Rawal Pindi, and the Peshawar Divisions, lower rates 
of prevalence, and lower rates of mortality are found together. . 

Enteric Fever—For all the Divisions the rate of admissions for this 
disease is 4°79, and the rate of deaths is 1°75 per 1,000 men ; compared with 
the preceding year these results show an increase of 1:93 per 1,000 men in the 
admission-rate, and of 22 per 1,000 in the death-rate ; as the rate of mortality 
for cases treated however is only 365°2 per 1,000 of attacks, or 171°8 lower 
than in 1875, there is reason to believe that the greater prevalence of enteric 
fever in the present year may be apparent only, the result of a more exact 
discrimination between this, and other forms of fever. 


K 


140 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Bengal. In the following Table, the data in which have been taken from the | 
Quarterly Returns of the Command, the stations at which admissions and 
deaths from enteric fever took place are shown :— 


‘Ast 2nd 3rd 4th \ 
Quarter. | Quarter. | Quarter. | Quarter. Total. 


Divisions, Stations. a a a a a 
& 8 8 8 ee 
a ao a a nD oO a re 
ot gall cet ah celebs, pd “4 4 
ElS(elel2\elelelel2 
Slajailalaial|a 3\Aa ; 
nS Dum-Dum 6) .0 Pee Pas he Po aya 
Presidency { Barrackpore..} 1} .. few. | os A 2 ee | 
[| Allshabad . |. t 21-2 , 2| 2 
Allahabad ..4| Dinapore ..| e- | oe Piow | ee : 2 | +: 
_L | Benares Cacicos ites Tiaes A i bagel 
Imcknow ..|.. |e. J iL] 84 3] 2 19 | 6 
Oudh oo | Fyzabad ..fu. | .. 15] FP 2) 2 20 | 10 
Sitapore eo ih enh ves tok err et be 2 1 8) 2 
: Morar PD Is 2 Bech) TAT 22 pd 4| 2 
Gwalior .. Fortress cs Pw ok fy Oa ee (elie 3 
Gwalior 
; Saugor PCR AMIS fos ulead le oma het piel ae ie 
Nowgong TO eae eee erate Bate SF bit 4) 1 
Rohileund .. 4 | Bareilly RR Rea Oricon Meats icici! AIRS of 2) ee 
Shahjehanpore|.. |... f.. |e. | Ly] 1 2] 3) 8 
Ranikhet -..| .. yn ar, Mie dated Bi ike end 
f Meerut ie tc tania eles Pale 1} 3) 2 
Agra s. silo dy «cpa lus amebasveorl|h ag Loa Bigatk 
Meerut ..+| Muttra wadkse's, ae ste Reis Giillias ¢ TT al derek 
Delhi.. Asters 1 3 10) SARS see Bop inks 3 2 
Roorkee Je SEND is a alae eee ds 8 8! 
Umballa.) So) di lone | ae eeete bh’ 2k Ga aa ‘ 1 
sas Jullundur ..| 1)... AV EA 2 | Dal cel yh ns 3. 
Sirhind +4) gubathu ,.| 2|..) 1]. | BE] 1] 81 24 2 2 
Dagshai CET co Pa toe Be 2. Daag ner alae 
Meen Meer ..| .. | «. gfe eens | fhe Ae cee (inure Be. 
Fort Lahore... | sv. | ce AOL) oe Peis: Ies 3 |. 
Lahore Su Amrvsan!* aie|is« ih vs Sata ck Mb ie 5) cHpicete ok aig pte GS Bs 
Ferozepore ..| 17| 5 f.. |. fee fee | EL 1448 6 
Mooltan we Paes el abhi lbitelet bee se as Dag Wea ie: 
. «(| Rawal Pindi Pole dae rer A} oe 
Sialeote hi wath eyo oe Pee eee 4| 3 
; Campbellpore.|..- |... $2] «. 2] 
Rawal Pindi Khyra Gully..| 2! | .. si 1|.. 
Bara saints 1 é Peres 
Dera Ismail 2 
Khan CI SN 8 ah ee 
Peshawar = ok BE er Sf. - 
Peshawar .. 4 | Cherat fis Berea bees (een jis) 4 
: Nowshera 1 1 5 1 1 
R “hls Nynee Pak sci cule Vehigars 1|.-. 
Depots ie { -Murree Fetal OMe f ye Weak 
Onthemarch, 
and Camp 3 | Lye | ee 3} 1 
of Exercise 
Total in the 65 


Command Re 10 | 61 19 


REPORT FOR 1876, 141 


Enteric fever was present at nearly all the stations at which it was seen in Bengal, 
1875, but usually in a sporadic form only, and attacking men living in . 
different, perhaps widely separated parts of the same station ; in other instances, 
as in that of Cherat, attacking several men of the same corps, and creating a 
condition for which the term epidemic is inapplicable only because of the 
small number of attacks in all. There were two instances in which the men 
of one corps were affected in considerable numbers, to the exclusion of men of 
other corps quartered at the same station, both of those “ house epidemics”’ 
affected regiments newly arrived in India; the first in point of time was in 
the 34th Regiment at Ferozepore, in which it caused 17 admissions in January, 
‘the report received from this regiment does not. enter into the subject of the 
outbreak. The epidemic in the lst Battalion of the 25th Regiment, was a 
considerable one in point of magnitude—for, as will be shown, its extent is 
not to be estimated by the 17 admissions returned,—it is important from the 
relation which the facts observed in connexion with it have to.a certain theory 
of the causation of enteric fever, and the Medical Officer who had charge 
during its course has given its history in a very clear and complete way; 
from his report the following particulars are summarised :—The regi- 
ment arrived in Bengal in November, 1875, in 1874 it was stationed at 
Kinsale, in the barracks of which place there have been outbreaks of enteric 
fever in recent times in two of the regiments occupying them, but it is 
expressly noticed that the health of the 25th when at Kinsale was good, that it 
was. very healthy on the voyage, and that there is every reason to believe no 
case of the disease was brought by it to India. The regiment arrived at 
Fyzabad in the end of November, 1875, and was quartered in the lines vacated 
by the 51st Regiment, which corps during three successive years had suffered 
from outbreaks of enteric fever. The first recognised case in the epidemic 
in the 1st Battalion 25th Regiment was that of a soldier admitted into hospital 
on the 17th of April, and (excluding an instance in which a non-commissioned 
officer was attacked in October) the last was admitted on the 15th of June; 
the epidemic therefore apparently lasted for two months; the following extract 
from the report however makes it probable that it began at a time anterior 
to the.admission of the first recorded case of the disease :—“ When attention 
“ was aroused by the post mortem uppearances in the case of Private —, 
“ the other cases of fever were closely scrutinised, and it was soon evident that 
“ his was not a solitary one of the disease; several presented symptoms of an 
“unequivosal character. It was next noticed that nearly all these, and in 
“ addition other cases of great severity regarded as being of simple continued 
“fever, came from the same part of the lines,” The disease was very localised, 
more than two-thirds of the cases were received from the three contiguous 
bungalows Nos. 17, 18, and 19 (out of 24 occupied. by the regiment), most of 
them from No. 19; these bungalows are at the north end of the lines, 
on ground of low elevation. Of the cases not received from the bungalows 
noted, one was that of a married man belurging to the company occupying 
No. 19, whose duties took him to it frequently ; in respect of the other instances 
no evidence was obtained to show how they acquired their illnesses, whether 
in or out of what the Medical Officer calls “the infected area.” He reverts to 
the subject of the extent of the prevalence of the fever, and states that “Side 
“ by side with the cases of enteric fever in the two months during which they 
“ occurred, were many of simple continued fever of a severe type, which were 
“called so because they had_not the enteric symptoms sufficiently marked to 
“warrant their being regarded as instances of enteric fever. In G Company 
“alone (that occupying No. 19 bungalow), 16 cases of this kind are noted 
“which occurred synchronously with the enteric fever cases ; they were 
“ characterised by persistent pyrexia, sometimes indeed hyperpyrexia, ex- 
‘“ hibiting the remissions and vacillations of a mild case of enteric fever, and 
“as in that disease having long retarded convalescence ; I append a number 
“of the temperature charts of these cases. The cases (of simple continued 
** fever) ceased when those of the specific fever ceased; I have no doubt that 
“ many of them were really cases of enteric fever.” An examination of one of 
the charts referred to in the preceding extract, shows that on the day of admis- 
sion there was a morning temperature of 100°, in the evening one of 101°9°, that 
the difference between the morning and evening reading was usually oe a 
K 


Bengal. 


142 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


degree and a half, that on the 6th day the evening temperature was 103'5°, on 
the 20th day 104'8°, and that defervescence did not set in steadily until the 
76th day; further, it is remarked that the “bowels are irregular, but no 
“positive diarrhcea of any continuance.” The man remained 106 days in 
hospital, and on his discharge, being still anemic, he was sent to the hills. 

The Medical Officer notes that the ground water at the beginning of the 
epidemic was at a low level, and was sinking steadily during its continuance. 

With one exception all the persons attacked were young, that is, were 
under 24 years of age, and had only been a few months in India. ; 

In seeking for the cause of this epidemic the Medical Officer, deciding 
against the likelihood of importation of the disease from without, considered 
how the facts in connexion with it bore on the well-known views of the causa- 
tion of enteric fever in India, propounded by one whose unequalled knowledge 
of the whole subject of disease in that country, justly inclines opinion towards 
the acceptance of any view supported by his authority. The influence of 
excessive heat in developing the phenomena of enteric fever in the human 
body in the instances under notice is adverted to:—‘The time of year (May 
“ and June) when most of the cases occurred seems to favor this hypothesis ; 
“but two circumstances in the outbreak are fatal to it, the first and chief 
“one being, the limited area in which the disease mostly acted, and the 
“second, the abrupt termination of the epidemic when the heat was at its 
“ greatest ; for manifestations so localised, it is manifest that local causes 
“must be sought . . .’ The conditions which in the opinion of the 
Medical Officer adequately explained the occurrence of the epidemic, were 
those of a local poisoning through the medium of the well-water habitually 
used by the inmates of bungalows 17, 18, and 19, and the possible occasional 
use of which by individuals in the neighbouring bungalows, might be assumed. 
Though some of the links in the chain of evidence leading to this conclusion are 
weak, the force of what is established is almost decisive. Putting aside, as of 
itself inconclusive, the fact that the epidemic ceased soon after the well in 
question was shut up (No. 19 bungalow being vacated at the same time), 
there is evidence from chemical analysis of the suspicious character of the 
water of this particular well, and there is the presumption of its possible 
specific contamination by the invalids belonging to the 51st Regiment (in 
which enteric fever had prevailed) who for some time were quartered in 
19 bungalow. The map appended to the report seems to show that the 
outbreak was due to a local poisoning. 

Simple Continued Fever, and Febricula—The proportions in which the 
prevalence of these two forms of fever varied from those of the preceding 
year in the different Divisions have substantially already been noted, when 
references were made to the prevalence of the group of continued fevers ; one 
significant point in connexion with the mortality of simple continued fever is, 
that in the present year it is only one-fifth of the rate of 1875. 

Paroxysmal Fevers.—The rate of prevalence is higher than for the preceding 
year in every Division, excepting Meerut, and Peshawar ; in the instance of 
the Presidency the excess is 208°7 per 1,000 men, of Allahabad it is 92°1, of 
Oudh 29°5, of Rohilcund 44:3, of Saugor 946, of Gwalior 193'1, of Sirhind 
116°1, of Lahore 267'9, and of Rawal Pindi 351°5 ; for Meerut the rate is 113J, 
and for Peshawar 687'8 per 1,000 men lower than in 1875, The nearly general 
rise in the rate of prevalence coupled with the magnitude of the excess in 
most cases, seems to indicate the presence of one of the periodical epidemics 
of fevers of this nature ; for the want of conformity in the instance of Meerut, 
and still more in that of Peshawar, no explanation is apparent, it is not due 
in either instance to a transference to the class of continued fevers, and in the 
instance of Peshawar, the decrease seems to be too great to be accounted for 
by a shifting of corps. 

. Cholera.—In the first two months of the year, not a single admission for 
cholera took place in the Command, and in the following three months most 
of the few admissions, were those from troops stationed im that part of it 
in which the occurrence of a few sporadic cases of the disease is usual. At 


Dinapore, however in the third and fourth weeks of April, the six admissions _ 
which took place indicated the presen¢e in the Command of cholera in an ~ 


epidemic form, In thesecond, third, and fourth weeks of June, five admissions 


. 


REPORT FOR 1876. 143 


took place at Lucknow, and these, with four in August, were consequent Benge 
on the renewed vitality of the cholera of 1875. The chief outbreaks of 
epidemic cholera, were in the Punjab portion of the Command, in the Rawal 
Pindi, and in the Peshawar Divisions. At Murree, and at Camp Ghareeal, in 
the first-named Division, an outbreak occurred amongst the men of the Con- 
yalescent Depét there, in the last week of July, and continued until the last 
week in August, during this time it caused 33 attacks, 27 of which were fatal. 
In the Peshawar Division, the station of Peshawar was attacked in the last 
week of September, the outbreak lasted for three weeks, and caused 58 attacks, 
of which 39 were fatal; the disease was general amongst the troops at the 
station, but it was especially severe in the B Battery F Brigade Royal Horse 
er 

he idiniations and deaths from cholera, at each station in the Command 

in each week of the year, are shown in the following Table :-- 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 


144 


114 


ee ercen seagate |: 


pws 
- 
eh Be 
2 
2 
1 
2 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
11 


Total, 
fF 
{ 


. . . : : 5 : : . : : A : : z 2. rs bac) 


# 


8 
e 
3 
3 
Ay 


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“ysequlay 


A/D 


“Tey 
reusy vlog 


Rawal Pinde. 


“OJOFTCIS) 


“TRuld [eMey 


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. 
. 


1 
1 


. 
. 
. 


“OLOYB'T 9.10)T 


A | D 


Lahore. 


D 
1 


Meerut. 
a 
a 
A 
1 


i a 


REPORT FOR 1876. 145 


Rheumatism.—The rate of admissions is lower for every Division except Bengal. 


the Presidency, the Oudh, and the Peshawar, for Sirhind the decrease is con- 
siderable, 39°5 per 1,000 men.. The increase for Peshawar, amounts to 58'2. 

Syphilis—Compared with’ the preceding year the rate of admissions is 
higher for the Presidency (fractionally), Saugor, Sirhind (39°1 per 1,000 men), 
and Rawal Pindi, but is lower for each of the other Divisions, in the majority 
of instances the reduction is a considerable one. 

Scrofula, Phthisis, éc.—Compared with the preceding year the rates of 
admissions are higher for the Presidency, Rohilcund, Meerut, Sirhind, Rawal 
Pindi, and Peshawar Divisions, but are lower for the others. 

Anemia.—Higzher rates of admissions than in 1875, are shown for the 
Presidency, Allahabad, Rohilcund, Meerut, Rawal Pindi, and Peshawar 
Divisions, lower ones for the others. 

Locat Diszasus.—Diseases of the Nervous System—The rate of admissions 
is higher than in the preceding year for the Allahabad, Oudh, Saugor, Gwalior, 
Sirhind, and Peshawar Divisions, that of the last named being more than twice 
as high ; the greater or lesser prevalence of neuralgia, determines the propor- 
tion of admissions’ for diseases of the order in the various Districts ; as most 
of the deaths are due to sunstroke, the highest rates of mortality, do not 
correspond with the highest rates of prevalence of disease ; there is an excep- 
tion to this however in the instance of Peshawar, where the highest of both 
rates are associated ; 10 deaths from sunstroke took place in this Division. 
One death (in the 51st Regiment) at Peshawar was due to hydrophobia. 

Diseases of the Hye.—The rates of admission for diseases of this order are 
higher than in 1875 for the Presidency, Allahabad, and Rawal Pindi Divisions ; 
the ts is not important in any instance, as the whole number of admissions 
is small. 

Diseases of the Circulatory System.—The rates of admissions for diseases of 
this order in the Presidency, Allahabad, Saugor, Gwalior, Meerut, Rohilcuna, 
and Lahore, are lower than in 1875; nearly three-fourths of the admissions 
were on account of palpitation. 

Diseases of the Respiratory System.—Compared with the preceding year, 
the rates of admission are higher forthe Presidency, Allahabad, Oudh, Saugor, 
Gwalior, and Sirhind Divisions, whilst they are lower for the remaining 
ones ; the decrease amounts to 8°33 per 1,000 men for Rohilcund, to 5:09 for 
Lahore, to 44°7 for Rawal Pindi, and to 45: for Peshawar. 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of prevalence of diseases in 


_ this order, is higher than for 1875, in the Presidency by 60:7, in the Allahabad 


by 46°7, in the Oudh by 22°6, in the Sirhind by 12°8, and in the Peshawar 
by 445 per 1,000 men ; the rate is lower in the Rohilcund Division by 27°4 
per 1,000 men, in the Saugor by 29°8, in the Gwalior by 53°8, in the Meerut 
by 26°, and in the Lahore by 38'9. In the Rohilcund, and in Saugor, a higher 
rate of mortality, is in connexion with a lower rate of prevalence, but in the 
Gwalior, and in the Meerut Divisions, both rates are lower. 

The relative prevalence of dyspepsia, dysentery, diarrhoea, and hepatitis, in 
the several Divisions, and the deaths due to them, are shown in the first of 
the following Tables, in the second the relation of the prevalence and of the 
mortality of the last three mentioned diseases are exhibited :— 


146 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


‘ &é Be) TIAL 
$9. $-1V SG OTST so. y ¢. 8L Jae 9.8 9 cans GP. Z- PL SI 1B ve oe « P«TIL 
ge | 983 | 6T| ee0'r | e0-/ | 0-11 9. | 9 | 8 | gee | ey | pete) of | tH fe oc. © “purr 
OF- G06 | 4£L | O9L 20- 1-8 4 ing S S9T Se. 6-8 ‘PL soe |’ 7+ gazannyy 327 

ST EIS) BLS] 8 be A Beccles fe Beg a : 
@ & toy is ie S oe 
244 a ee eee eee ee nme. 
“TySUeLY JO <He . ‘ 
*T aod ; ewes 3° g "TySueTg Jo], “Wysueaig jo eae 
os Pateee eee. ~ loon i oney | AON Ooo Taedonzy | “AUN 000‘T sod oney | gecetiEny 
THIOL “CHOY LIVIGE rons “IOAUT OT} 


JO sseosqy Surpnjomt ‘syrmyedepy 


° 

ns 
s 
i 
= 
© 

% 


REPORT FOR 1876. 147 


ts Ratio per 1,000 of the Strength. 
RR I SSE 


Divisions. Presidency.| Allahabad.| Oudh. Saugor. | Rohileund.| Gwalior. | Meerut. 


Diseases. E F E 3 3 3 F 2 z 
Dysentery ... «..| 46°7 | -94| 46-4 |1-32| 27-6 es 17°8 27-0 [1-08] 21-1 | ... | 22-2 | «44 
re ee ee | Gis | sas sic). ealmevst ce | as0\| 98) 98-9 | 57] 48-2 a: 
eg Jae 46-7 |1-88| 32-5 |2:96| 54-9 |1-57] 29-7 /1-70] 30°3 [1-44] 45-6 |1-14| 58-0 [3-33 

oes ee) alten ys lareelvan-7 (4-1 x49-9 leas] 70-8 |n-valtoo-s fe-erlto2-e h-raliza-s oe72 


Dyspepsia ... eaNOO eT Niteen, | ZO Nea Pedd-O | aoe | OLS | ses | 40'S | cee | SZ"O | nce | B5°1 | aas 


pre ‘Geek ; Troops on| Camp 
Divisions. | Sirhind. Lahore. Pindi Peshawar.| Depdts. yes of 
- z i areh. Exercise. 


Diseases. =) men ete Pie base peti .| = Paiste raanes: ; 
Sue le (sl se et ee pe |e e128) 6 18 
<x Aa 4 a < = <q QA <q A <4 A <4 a 
Dysentery ... sete @Bupee26), TOeD jose. | 4S. 80°6 84) 26°6 53) 16°7 24°2 
Diarrhea .,. PA PoC ARN LO) ears 0) Be Colca Pera i 0 UC 20°2 49°5 


Hepatitis and Ab- , ¥ : . , q F i « x “ 5 
Seer tives 31°4 /2°04) 86'9 |2°73) 46 7 1°48) 65°0 1°68) 70°3 (2°01) 17°3 | ....| 14°35 | we 


Total ... see] 95'S [2°29/102°O [8 °03}107 °3 [148/146 -8 |2°52/169°0 |2°54) 54°2 | ... | 88-2 | .., 


POO e | wwe | SOT | eee | OO Hoss. | ALO bese 60°0) | 2. | FA] oe | -16°0 


Dyspepsia ... 


. 


Diseases of the Urinary System—The rate of admissions for diseases of this 
order is higher than in 1875, in all the Divisions except Allahabad. 

Diseases of the Cutaneous System.—The rate of admissions is higher than in 
1875, in the Allahabad, Oudh, Saugor, and Lahore Divisions, but is lower in 
each of the others. There were only 16 admissions for “ Delhi Boil.” 

Convirtons, &0.—Ceneral Debility.—The rate of admissions for this con- 
dition is higher for every division than in 1875, except for the Saugor, 
Gwalior, and Sirhind, : 

Poisons —Of the admissions in this order 43 were due to poisoning by 
alcohol, in two instances fatal, 42 to delirium tremens, four of the attacks 
being fatal, one to poisoning by decayed meat, and one to a snake bite. 

The admissions and deaths in each corps which served in the Bengal 
Command, are shown in the following Table :— 


Bengal, 


RO Seo | 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


“Torey ay} 10 £T ‘qns9 7 
-E qoaeypy oy} wo f yzuOUT T ‘MouyonT 


“§ “orwyy oy uO fF wyequg, 
“TACT Oy} WO £ OT “TIO 


“POT AL OTF 
wo {3g uamveyy ££ ‘ostorexg jo durep 
; “Torey ey} wo 
tg “epequg ' Fz ‘esjorexg jo durep 
‘£6 ‘mouyony 
“Pore, OY} WO/ 


£ 4g ‘eyequig {tI estarexg jo dure 


= TPC 
SE0T “naeeyy fT ‘ostorexq jo durep 
“27 ] ‘mouyonyT £¥ ‘ostorexg jo dureg 
= Tye 
‘ostotexg Jo dure 
= TPC 
for ‘exynyy £41 ‘estroxg jo dureg 
“GL “JONTBIS 
‘dugg [eeareyy 
SI Wu TeAey 


for ‘epequig ‘F 


au "yop fsyywour 


“IeeX ot} SuLMp suoyeyg 


Bengal, 


VASE *? ee * eZ LI oe 
69- pet ET ieee <\ Lb re 
es. Rat Th 96a. at BE 34 
ea aes ead WS oe It 
Wef- +h" II 
0-8 ees sa al 
84-2 g + IL 
06-9 j PS It 
6Z-G9L | Tit T € 
PL-9G Vee tet fae 
68- 6E a i $ 
161 | ae | “2 Ot 
18-76 | LT| °° aig 
Ty-&& 96} °° zi 
eg Ver 6 ; 
Oo || S| sa Reese er 
> ie = a = 2 9 
3 Sid | BL Fe | BS joe 
= |B) Be] P | B/E" |gel 
ss! pie et =|] Ppa S 
z : feo cee B |s 3) 
Fe wl. Boles 
“syyea(y persion Bl 


@-S |LI-1L 69-08 | °° | ** |6-seeT 
60-Z |1I8-PL \6S- OF i28-8S |F- 881 
St-6 |€8-9T \IL-97 a | ** 1§- S§8T 
40- OT |IT-8 +6 ** 1€1-8 |0-§18 
49-€L \06- 41 |L0-6P |€6-8P |86- 06 |4- L0ET 
8&8- ST |ZL-6L \68-€¢ |S1- 02 |eP- TL |6- I8EL 
GO. IL |$¥-06 |46-SS |46-S¢ |61-4 |0-678T 
GE- SL |SS-ST \6S°CP |Pé- ST “e > 14- 9911 
T9-SL jOT- 22 |S¢- 09 \8a- Th |S4- ST |8- STP 
ZI-ZL |80- 1% |¢4-4¢ |F8- TE |S1- ST -L-8EZT 
SP- IZ |€9-SE |cL- 26 Bas LT. OT \8- S9ST 
64-11 |SS- 1 \99-9E re 16-9 es 
60- ZZ |Z8-6L |0&- 7S is LE \€8- Te P- L68 
96-ST |LT- 96 ss 108-¢ |LS-6L (9- PIAL 
16-ZL |FF-ST |1S- 0¢ |89- SF |OS- IL |9- Le7T 
“seq “sieq | 
pl (om) foe x =) > 

sesiee| 22/2 | = | € 
a oS CS = : =: 
SPe| ee | Fe | s = 

ee] oo = 2 eo 

Sao ee = 2 a 

op 1 Bm aia = 

BE) es 

mol" = 

SEs & T3Suex4g Jo 0OO'T zed onvy 

t re So 


e 


“ Say § 1 oe 


VHA sug gq “neg of 
VHS su¢ 
43eq g pue ‘siv-PH+ 


oe 6 “ ce 


a 
oe “ 9 
oe « 448g gq 
VHS Hq V 

‘eg V pus s1®-"PHs 
23: P30 
of “ WSSl 
-* “ss gt 
o. “ TW1 


“+ saessnyy WI0T 


= steoueT 446 


<< sivssny{ W357 


‘oy ‘s}uomISoy 


149 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


Bengal. 


*1OqULdAO NT ur pucpsag posCehad PoATLLe epesug t “IOQULOAO NT utr purpsuq UlOdy PIALIB opestig. ls 
“youvpL OY} UO {ETT ‘BuosMoN |GT-ST |ST- OT |IS- FF |SP- OF [OT-9 |T. SBST) 2s-4 cee aE 
“2y ‘toSneg |. TT |9%- ST |00-0S |99-ZL IS4-8T |9- SSST} 00-8 me ene ecu ee 
“ZL ‘peqeyeiLy |PZ- eT [00-12 |PS- 49 |S8- SL |0L- FS |P- 98ST) SE-6 etn ay 
‘zy ‘soxeuog |0Z. ZT |60-F@ |Ih-€6 | °° [01-9 |8-986T] Ze-st | “* | “| T 
‘gq ‘oxoduur |F0. St \e9-8% |PP- SL |68-69 j66-9 |6-OSST| OT-€T | OT} 7° | T 
o}}1p owe OL-&T \9T- Ze {LT 88 |00- TZ 10g ¢e |9-SerZ| 68-FE | SL} “| 9 
iL “ey INO[TBO pue ezodyouare g OL- ST Go 14 OT-69 GL: O$ £0-8T 4. SL6T 4¥-11L g oo gs 
‘ZI ‘remeyseg |18.6 |PP-6L |9B-€9 |49- Th [88,06 |6- 0602 19-4 Coy Mies Sib 
‘ETT ‘wpurg peavy fF ‘emeysag [G¢-8 |26-ST |89- SF |9c-FE | ** |0- E98T) 48-9 Gem cals 
: = TP 
£¥OT qnaooyy £1 ‘ostoxoxg, Jo dure [GT. pT [Sh ST |6h-09 |0F-92 | °° 9 S08T Leek Tete dre 
‘gy ‘oxodoz010,7 |ET- IL |S8- 8 |F9; TS |82- FF |S6-FT |8- L691) 66-9 9) sia 
‘Eq ‘yorupy oy} TO SOT AOOPL WoT |L4-8 [2h-ST |9L- 9E [8E- Th 08: ST /0- LEST $8-¢ 92 ye 1S 
“gt ‘ueyoow |pe.8 |PS-L6 |06- FL |L0- FE |TZ- 48 0-64se] T0-1L | | *" |v 
‘OT ‘mpunyne ) . ; 
is Oe ee 16-21 |8- Te |G 28 |Fo-08 | ** |9-SL4T) 00-€T | eT] “| * 
“£ TU 
£20T Guaoopy fT ‘estoroxgy Jo durwp |OT-ST [GZ- 6T |GI-PS [28.89 89: E 3.4081] 83-8 6 || 
‘ZI “wyqnoyeg ye quououjo’ [98-ST [IS Te |PT- 48 [eh TL | °* |h- 1408) Ga-T TO ee | ee 
“TOLB TAL 
oy} Uo pue ‘Typ £6 “WU wMVy |PP- IT |P9- ST /S9- VE |1e- SE 0-4 |9-GOIT| 66. SOF ecalarls 
-yoarvypy oy} Uo £ Fg ‘oxodyjoqdure |Gz. TT |ZT- ST [96-88 |64-€8 |64-€E |4- GOTT 68. Cp tei I) 
"BI ‘JoureIg |04-8 |0Z-0Z |PE-S¢ |0% ZS | *" |6-1zsz) 80-8 Pala ec ee 
“ST ‘qooyy, Woo |T9- TL |88-Ts |99-89] °° j6T-4 |4- TST) PI-8 re ees ah 
seal oe FS-8 |29-ST |00- TS |16-9b |49- OOT|E- STZ) 09-4 (ag! eae BEL 8 
“E TPC - 
Sor qnasoyy {Er ‘ostoxoxsy Jo duxeQ gg. eT [88-08 |3z- 4G [29-9 [14-88 [0-62ST) 28-8 | OT ea 


“pur[Sug 1oy poyreqmoe opwsug x 


pe ene a 


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eS “ “ ‘eg 

r= ‘VHE 80g f 

2 yeq g pues ‘stO-PH 


b | VU 3H_ 0 -4°E V 


» 


ARMY MHDICAL DEPARTMENT 


{6 “AOIBALH 9B PUB “YoueyT OY} UO [gP. 7S 
“TOT ‘reI0yg 48 pure ‘Yoreyy 044 UO |0g. ZT 


‘ZT ‘oxodumeg jeg. ZT 
“Gy ‘anderg log. 1g 
BL “peqezdgT |90. FT 
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{OT ‘wasy fF ‘ostosoxg jo duty |9z. of 


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\ 

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“oy “TpUr [Ravy ye sop | 


£49 ‘Ayo why § Se qoavyg oy ug |T6. oT 


‘EL ‘orodozoaoy \5G. OT 

‘EL “avmeyseg |¢0- OT 

OF IT 188- OL 
‘oy “ouoyey 


WOT 98 “sqop eT ‘qavspuracy yaoq l0g.8 


“BL “Yaespuraoy 


JOT pue ‘oroyeT quo “xoopy weopy |TZ- TT 


89-'TE |00-S6 |68- €T |Ph- 69 |4-OTFT 
SE-9T |6L- PP |16- LE |P9- OL |8- 62ST 


66- GT |04- $8 \9G- Ge |GS- TE |§-996 
GY. G6 |\P9-69 |ey-OL |S1- TS |0- O6TT 
SG-6T |4S-SS |08-79 |G¢. 0% |8- LEST 
PP- ST \6S- OG |T9-6L |PS-9 [6 FS6 
VI- OL |L6-FP SL. Op |9T- SL [3-607 


86-02 |6F-45 |$e.G1 |¢r-9 |e. 0621 
98: LT. |89-4F |06- 89 |P8-F% |e. Tet 
SI- PL |€8-88 0-1 | °° |o-eZ0T 
ST. ST |89- 6h |9%- ce |Z8- 12 |S. 6STT 
G6. 28 |89-06 [gp-eoTl0g- TL |o- 20g 


Gp LT |98-L) \T8. €% |GS. GE |L- SEAT 
A8- 1S |GS- 8S |¥S-09 |OT- ¥Z, |0. P96T 


64-26 |}V- G9 |S. SE 2S. ZS |G. 88SS 
6E- 6T |S1- ES |Z49- Th |€8-08 |&- 9S9T 


‘seq | ‘skeq 
te 
a Oe Ge Re se eS he Be 
BOoG| 2 Mes a o) Lrg 
oS Bl Boe Bey! ee | 
#Ee| be | RE | & od 
$5] 2a am ee 5 
“IROK 9} sump suoyeyg nel oe a : P 
| ee} & E 
mo} * 
oF} © | q9Suexg Jo OOO'T tod one 
1 Fh fo} 


et 


A rtm 010 Lon! 0 


NQ Nwna 


>) oO IAQ eto oc EH OO Oo rm 


i] 


y ee se oe 66 “quo PUZe 


‘VE Sug 4812 
"1 -99RE 4ST pue ‘si}-"pH 


ce & “ 


“yorg ApQueysttog 
*popr[wauy 
PHVA TO 
“wIpuy Uy 
‘yey 
SOF{-O9UT pozqreapy 
miptelecchats! 
[suuuy oseioay 


3 “ “ i 
2 “ce “ “ a 
g ce ce «¢ 9 
5 tas “e oe I 
ne 
g 73 cc 1e 
q Heg Vv 
q ‘Wa Sug (ET 
U-veg pus ‘aQ-pH 
e cc & (74 WZ, 
g s 9 a 19 
‘* ee ¢ > 
Bel a 
za ce [74 “e Hs 
g 
S 6c “cc "448g 4ST 
Vu Sag WEST 
g |‘megq pug pus ‘sIy-pH 
ke 
a8 
Ou 
Qe, 2 
2 ‘ow ‘squoumidery 
BR 
ee! 
3 rs 
5 
“ 


£5d. 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


Bengal. 


*19G0}OO UI puLpsuy wos poaury § “PoaVpy Ul szusurspyQeg szruajg wiozy poatary Ff 


‘qouyIey ye 
pus peqepeioyy ye ‘sqop * ZT ‘Aqreregy 
‘on ‘ATMS vpsunyH “seq 
-B[C yy ame eor, ye ‘syop { $zg ‘Ipurg 
[easy $39 ‘Yeuunppooy ‘Fg “awavysog 


“ST ‘soaeuog 


“BL ‘induztg 

££ ‘gstosoxqy Jo dureg 

g “Brequtn, 

*r08uBe qe ‘Jop § gp ‘orodmmqqne 
‘durey Teoorvrypy 4v pues 

‘Hooyyy WOT 9B “sop § ST WUlg [VMvy 
“ow “BIOYSMONT “FRIED 4B 
‘sjop {dup ur pure ‘yporry_ oT} wo 

Sg aemeysog {% ‘osiaoxm jo durep 
TYP F8 99D + ET TPC 

££g ‘ooytooy ‘[ ‘ostoroxm jo dureg 

‘TeUNYD 9 -49p § ST “PVqvyvITy 
‘orod aver) 

qe pwe wqyqno[ep ye ‘sjop £6 ‘etodumen 
“JOYYIUVyY, 4v pur 

OLOYVT WOT 9B “Sop f ZT ‘Loopy Woop 
“oR “PUTT 

[eaegy “vperyovyO 7e “sjop ZT ‘eoytooy 


“TL “eqqnopep 


“ET ‘TOPE 


47 dug fg ‘ygoqng § g6 ore oT. 10 
"86 ‘TyTeC 

*€ “qoavyy oy} uo f oT “wualy 

» $6 ‘mouyowy 

ssypuoU OT pequysity 


$&- OT 


64° TL 
16. &6 
06-81 
Ty. 13 
19-6 

6L- €L 


63. IL 


&?- If 


€4- ST 
FO. TL 


9T- 9T 
08: TT 


16- TL 


LL. 0% |06- 9S 


19. 61. 
09-91 


PS» LT 
04: OL 
§0- @T 
OT: ST 
9T- ST 


06- ST |4S-€P 


Gh. LT 
08- 83 


69- 8Y 
6: Lh 


GZ. 99 
T9- 9T OP. SP 
0L-9T |6L- SP 
66. ST 104. Ly 


98-7% 


£3-PL |80- 6S 


G8-8T |r9- TS 


6L£- 8S 
68: 8V 


9V- TS 
$8. ZT 


99-06 |T&- 9g 
68-7& 


9-9 |66-8T 


78-9 [00-91 


98: OT |S. OF 
OF. GS |PT-L6 
&4- 62 |00- $9 


OL. § [h0- TL 


9T- TY |8Z- 2 
EL. 63 


8L- 1S! 
pV- OS 


09-8 


ITZ. 6 


49. 96 


SL: OV 


16- 68 
89- 


09-81 |0g- 2t 
98. SF |Sh. TL 
84. LE |L0. TF 


4T- 8S |8S-POT|GS- ST |PF- 69 


V9. 86 IAP: 82 


84: 46 149. Ty 


6-096 | 80-00 | Té | I 


0. TST] 24.87 | Ze | °° 
0-64I1| 6t-4¢ | 8 || 
§ 
9.geet| tz.2¢ | tr II 
9-944 | 98.07 | 22 | 1 
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4.6811] res |Z | t 
(0-042T| et-ge | ve] * 
g.6r91| ¢9-e7 | 68 | T 
¢.Z98T| 0-e9 | 9¢ | °° 
8. gest] 96-17 | ae] °° 
1-24et| og-g¢ | ee | T 
4-8882| 98-84 | 69 | F 
g. ggg | zg ee 


—S 


|9- G89T| PO. SE | 6&2) T 


—EE—, 


0-00F | 9T- Seiten 


G- 96 | OL § 


0. 008} 08-9 
0. ZL6T| 89-7 
0. 84g2| 69-4 
6+ 8881! $9. 


Ce Te eS OC 


TL | ¥88 


T98‘T 


06 


& 


Or 


“‘pULLsUy Toy poyreqmyY, “Arenaqay ut puvpoug wort poatery 2 


“* 4008 GIST “94°E IST 


“S  9OO°R TIAL “39%F IST 
"00,7 

"ayCq 4ST “SULA 
“OOK UWL 

We Ball eee *SiQ)~"PH 

ce pug 

mer “ 4ast§ 

“* — 9000 UITT “948, 48 


ca “ 


TPL 


ee “e 


m6 “ pug 


* “ 


TS. = aey 


™7]9 ce 
Wg ce 


4ST. 
IST 


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45th 


““ — FOO0°.F IST ‘998 pug 
SIOOUISUTT 


pag ce 


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“Arora ry TeXoy [eIOT, 


“VM Sug pigs “39%g IST 


ce ais (19 
“ “e “ 
ce “ $ es 
“ “cs ce 


Px 
“yay Bug 481s" WOT PSs. 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


152 


- 
- 


‘SMOBMON YB PUB IOIT[BAA Sso1}.10,;7 
48 ‘fjop SET “tqpeq fsyyuom ZoT ‘Isusye 
"yore ayy wo £4 Typed 
2g ‘eqvryeyo fT. OsToIOXG, jo dug 
+ Rise 
"Yausyoyey ye gop {ZT ‘sqNI0 7 
"T TYP ! TT easy 
\ “FL TUPC 
= os AOLTEAE) ssa1 
~10,7 pus ‘TMEsvy 4v ‘sjop ‘Zl “aVLOyE 
“*RIOYSMON PUB / 
4eIoyQ 48 ee Ks ‘qorwyy 949 UO 
$46 ‘avmvysog { % ‘ostosoxg Jo dug 
"gy ‘oxod youre gy ‘ung un “e4nopeq) 
“EL UPC 


£6 ‘veysseq {$1 ‘ostosoxg jo dug | 


“gy ‘aaodezo10.q 


“SL ‘peqezdy | 


SE ‘orodueyelieyg 
“ST “JOyyIaRy, 


é “TL “Wore yy ou} 
uo. § Aywereg 42 “yop $f0T “ouyTaey 


*IvOX Of} SuLMp suorzeg 


Bengal. 


“ST ‘mougsony 


SEEN 


“ssouL 
-YOIg Jo osvo yous 
“BOIS 
Apyweysa09, 
*‘poprreauy 
*‘pevrapy 
“popr[eauy 


“LOTplog yowo 
0} OUNTy YoIg osvIOAW 
‘yorg ApUEystIO:G 


"q}Su0q4g Jo 000'T tod ney 


JO UOlyBnp osB10AV 


Oo; § a a 
ac ro} Qa ma 
Hi Hi|/ es | 2e 
5 B Se | es 
Jo)| SEs amet || “Bice 
2 | s 5 aq 
Sail e Ey 
a o | Pe 
. i=} » 
S B 
° 
5 
“syqeoq. = = 
na 


g 
9 ee 
8 


I oo 


‘puvuuoy ery 
Ul OdTALOS JO sxvo x 


ee (73 799 
"*  4o0gt pzgg 
** goog pugg 


400g 1309 “HG WPT 
900 TOD “39 PUS 
1396S. 

ee “ meet 

ee c beh ac 

oo eT 

ee “ TOF 

a “ W6 


‘i 1007 WIFE 
q00F WIGS “IVE ST 
“qOO 7 


pugs “39eq pug “SarAA 


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REPORT FOR 1876. 


Bengal. 


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154 
Bengal. 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


For the purpose of contrasting the results of sickness in relation to lengta 


of residence, the different corps are grouped, in the following Table, according 
to their periods of service in the Command. 


S 2 on: Rate per 1,000 of Annual | » . oy 
Bo 4 3 53 Strength. £s ga 
$3 18 |g ao S las 
Beat eal slit get a> S'5 156 
Corps. Roiersieee. ||| <seb | ee ; ip q ae x B25 
bee leeiz.| |2| ee] g 2/2. | ele 
aS Pei = a Pe] Se “Bd Aa 
ees (es/ef|a]2| 82] 2 | es | ae] es legs 
52 SA | oe 2 B po 3 & zi Bom} ps [por 
o < = A 4s < <4 A 4 Lo) <a < 
B Brig. RJ. Horse Artillery ; Days. | Days. 
2lst Brig. Royal Artillery... Under |? ~-- re 7. 2 ; z . 
Ist Battalion 12th Foot -... 1 year s 158 1,859 | 24) | 15 47°99 | 1800-0 | 81°79 | 29-87 | 63°56 | 23-20] 12°89 
CMR ae CUPL ANY ra SA / 
9th Lancers ... aie * =. age” 
Ist Battalion 25th Foot +] ¢ L year |2,295 |3,868 | 68 | 100 | 170°89.4°1685"4 | 23:09 | 54°86 | 74°46 | 27-18] 16°13 
34th Foot... _ tu i 2 
2nd Battalion 9th Foot ° 
PNR Boe 2 years |3,602 |4,618 | 57 | 100 | 167-42 | 1282-1 | 15-82] 27-76 | 46-48] 16-91 * 13-23 
Bist ,, wes 
es —— | — | —— | —_ | ——— 
13th Hussars.: 
11th Brig. Royal Artillery... 
2nd Battalion 22nd Foot .../ } 3 years }4,316 {5,167 | 59 | 127 | 289-47 | 1197-2 | 18°67] 29-41|55°48| 20°25] 16-92 
73rd Feot ... - 
4th Batt. Rifle Brigade 
10th Hussars... es. 
15th 
A Battery, C Brig. BULA. 4 years | 2,841 |4,161 | 54 | 127 | 155-09 | 1464-6 | 19-01] 44°70] 54°59] 19-92] 13-60 
40th Foot ... aes 
Slst ,, aao one 
13th Brig. ake pce 
54th. Foot “a tee 
65th ,, uns 5 years | 4,079 |6,898 | 69 | 199 | 260°73 | 1688°7 | 16-91] 48-76 | 63°92 | 23°33] 18°80 
70th we 
72nd s 
Gord Peak Lith Poot 16 years |1,724 /3,056) 13 | 58 | 92-26 | 1772-6 | 7-54|95-64|55-42| 19°11| 11-02 
39th Foot... Tyears | 917 { 892 8 26 37°18 | 972-7 | 8°72} 28°35 | 40°55] 14-80} 15°21 
Ist Battalion 6th Foot 
bed ” ue » 148 years | 3,538 |4,260] 63 | 103 | 185°39 | 1205-8 |17+83/ 29-15 |52-47|19-15| 15-88 
” ” BG 
62nd Foot ... << PAE 
4th Hussars ... ’ ; 
8rd Battery 5th Brig. IAA = 
2nd Battalion 60th Foot ... 9 years |3,006 | 4,060 88 106 181°50 | 1850°6 | 12°64 | 85-26 | 60-37 | 22°04] 16-32 
85th Foot u 
92nd. ,, 
1lth Hussars.. 13) 
A Brig. Rl. Horse Artillery 
F Brig. Rl. Horse Artillery 
8th Brig. Royal Artillery ... 
19th Brig. tig oe 10 
23rd Brig. RA. - +.| | years 
2nd Battalion Ist Foot age f and 10,219 |14,118] 174 | 863 | 520°60 | 1881°5 | 17°03] 35°52] 50°96) 18-59) 13°46 
Ist a 3rd_,, aa up- 
Ist 3 Sth ,, +| | wards . 
Ist ie Btn a 
2nd “a 12th’,, ai 
2n a 19th ,, 7 | - 
55th Foot ... are aye 
109th ,, at Sati 
Z 


- REPORT FOR 1876.4. < 155 


Officers. Bengal. 

In a mean annual strength of 1,363 commissioned officers, there were 
1,098 attacks of illness, and 37 deaths, being in the rates of 805°6 and of 27°15 
per 1,000 of the strength respectively. The rate of sickness is 36°9 per 1,000, 
and that of deathsis 13°81 (or more than double) higher, than the corresponding 
rate of 1875. - ; 

GunnraL DisAsns.—The proportion of attacks of diseases in this class is 
338°9 per 1,000 of the strength, that of the febrile group being 289'8, and that 
of the constitutional 48:4 per 1,000. The death-rate for the class is 8:07 per 
1,000 of the strength, of this 7°34 is the proportion for the febrile, and °73 per 
1,000, that for the constitutional group. 

Eruptive Fevers.—Vhere were 53 attacks of fevers of this nature, 26 of 
which were of dengue. _ 

Continued Fevers—Enteric fever, caused 5 attacks, one of them being 
fatal. Simple continued fever, caused 79, and febricula, 72 attacks. 

Paroxysmal Fevers.—Ague caused 162, and remittent fever 36 attacks, 4 
of the latter were fatal. 

‘ Page te officers were attacked by this disease, in each instance 
atally. 
~ The death in the constitutional group, was from cancer. 

Diseases of the Nervous System—Sunstroke caused 1 death. 

Diseases of the Hye—The proportion of attacks is 15:4 per 1,000 of the 
strength (that of the non-commissioned officers and men being 17°8 per 1,000). 

Diseases of the Circulatory System.—Of the 7 attacks, 3 were for palpitation, 
The death was due to fatty degeneration of the heart. s 

Diseases of the Respiratory System, caused 39 attacks; the death in this 
order was due to pneumonia. P 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of attacks is 167°3 per 1,000 of 
the strength (that for the non-commissioned officers and men being 217-2), 
the rate of deaths is 5°87 per 1,000 (that of the men is 3°26 per 1,000). The 
fatal illnesses were dysentery (3), diarrhoea (1), intussusception of the bowel (1), 
hepatitis (38). 

Porson.—The death returned in this class was due to poisoning by opium. 

Conprtions, &0.— General Debihty.—t7 illnesses were ascribed to this con- 
dition ; 1 was fatal. - ; 

Injuries. —Accidental.—The accidental deaths were due to drowning (1), 
injuries by a tiger (1), gunshot wound (1), injury to spine (1), injury from a 
railway accident (i). : 


Women. 


The average annual strength of the wives of the non-commissioned officers 
and men in the Command was 3,552; the admissions into hospital were 3,365, 
and the deaths (in India) were 74; the rate of admissions is 947°4, and that 
of deaths is 20°83 per 1,000 of the strength respectively. 

Diseases of the febrile group, caused 1177 admissions, being in the rate of 
331'4 per 1,000 of the strength; the rate of mortality is 538 per 1,000. 
Diseases of the constitutional growp, caused 163 admissions, being in the rate 
of 45°9 per 1,000 of the strength ; the rate of mortality is 7°09 per 1,000. 

Eruptwe Fevers—The admissions were 2 for smallpox, 11 for measles, 32 
for dengue. lg ceed 

‘Oontinued Fevers.—Enteric fever, caused 4 admissions, 2 of the attacks 
were fatal. Simple continued fever, caused 233 admissions, 4 of the attacks 
being fatal. Febricula, caused 123 admissions. Paroxysmal fevers, caused 753 
admissions, being in the rate of 212° per 1,000 of the strength. One death 
was due to ague, and 4 were due to remittent fever. 

Cholera.—There were 13 admissions for cholera, 8 of the attacks were fatal. 

Serofula and Phihisis—25 admissions and 9 deaths were due to diseases 
of this nature. 

Anemia, caused 96 admissions, 1 attack was fatal. 

Diseases of the Nervous System.—There were 6 admissions for sunstroke, 
all the attacks ended fatally. Epilepsy caused 14 admissions; a death is 


Bengal. 


156 ; ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


returned under the head of convulsions. Hysteria caused 20 admissions 
There were 6 admissions for mental disease, one attack of which was followed 
by death. ; 

Diseases of the Eye-—The rate of prevalence of diseases of this orJer (con- 
junctivitis in all except in three instances) is 51:2 per 1,000 of the strength 
(being about three times greater than that for the non-commissioned officers 
and men). i 

Diseases of the Circulatory System.—Palpitation caused 11 admissions. 
The deaths in this order were due to valve disease of the heart (1), syncope 
(2), embolism (1), rupture of an artery Ch): 

Diseases of the Respiratory System—Of the 5 deaths 2 were due to 
bronchitis, and 3 to pneumonia. 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of admissions is 162°2and that 
of deaths is 456 per 1,000 of the strength ; as in the preceding year this 


shows a lower admission-rate associated with a higher death-rate, than in the 


case of the non-commissioned officers and men. 

There were 63 admissions for abortion. Three-deaths were consequent on 
the puerpural state. The admissions into hospital for childbirth were 883 
(ee are not included amongst those for disease); in 5 instances death 
ensued. 

General Debility—-639 admissions are returned ‘as due to this condition, 
which proved fatal in three instances. 


Children. 


In an annual average strength of 6,870 children of non-commissioned 
officers and men, there were 5,057 admissions into hospital, and (in India) 
358 deaths, being in the proportion of 736'1, and of 52°11 per 1,000 of the 
strength respectively. The admission-rate is below that of the preceding year, 
and the death-rate shows a reduction of 20°71 per 1,000 of the strength (the 
death-rate for persons presumably of similar ages in England, on an average of 
10 years, is 27°22 per 1,000 of the living). 

GuneraL Diszases.—The admissions for diseases of the febrile group, of 
this class are in the rate of 255°5, and the deaths in that of 7°28 per 1,000 of 
the strength ; compared with 1875, there is a reduction in the death-rate of 
11°06 per 1,000. For diseases of the constitutional group, the aamission-rate is 
21:9, and the death-rate is 5°39 per 1,000 of the strength. 

Eruptive Fevers.—There were 21 admissions for chicken pox, 409 for 
measles (13 attacks were fatal), 1 for scarlet fever, and 17 for dengue. 

Continued Fevers.—There were 3 admissions for enteric fever. Simple 
continued fever, and febricula together, caused 465 admissions ; 3 attacks of 
the first-named disease were fatal. 

Paroxysmal Fevers.—Ague caused 670 admissions (3 deaths), remittent 
fever, 92 admissions (13 deaths). 

Cholera, caused 15 admissions and 12 deaths. 

Other Diseases.—Diphtheria caused 2 admissions and 1 death, hooping 
cough 41 admissions and 38 deaths, erysipelas 8 admissions and | death, 

Scrofula and Phthisis.—The admissions for diseases in this group are in 
the rate of 8°44 per.1,000 of, the strength; the admissions for pulmonary con- 
sumption were 4, (2 deaths); the admissions for tabes mesenterica were 26, 

16 deaths). 
: Psika 3 caused 79 admissions, and 7 deaths. 

Diseases of the Nervous System —The deaths in this order were 80 in 
number, most of them were due to convulsions. 

Diseases of the Eye.—-The admissions for conjunctivitis (904) are in the 
rate of 131°6 per 1,000 of the strength. : 

Diseases of the Respiratory System.—Croup caused 16 admissions and 1 death ; 
9, deaths are also returned as due to oedema of the glottis. There were 16 


* deaths from bronchitis, and 7 from pneumonia. — 


Diseases of the Digestive System, caused 1,125 admissions and 121 deaths, 
being in the rates of 163°7 and of 17:61 per 1,000-of. the’strength respectively. 
Teething, caus2d 256 admissions and 33 deaths ; dysentery 101 admissions and 


REPORT FOR 1876. 157 


14 deiths; diarrahoea 602 admissions and 68 deaths; hepatitis 6 admissions Bengal. 
and 1 death ; splenitis 1] admissions and 1 death. 

Gencral Debility.—447 admissions, and 32 deaths, are returned under this 
condition (14 deaths of children prematurely born are not included). 

Porsons.—In this class there was 1 admission for poisoning by arsenic, 3 for 
poisoning by alcohol, and one for the poison of a snake (fatal). 


SANITARY REPORT.* 


The sanitary history of the Bengal Command for 1875 has been to some 
extent anticipated by the remarks embodied in the Report for 1874, and 
which were not written till late in the following year. 

During the period under review in the present report, the medical 
administration of the Command was a divided one; Surgeon-General 
Currie, C.B., having been invalided home in June, the charge of the depart- 
ment in Bengal devolved on Deputy Surgeon-Generai T. Crawford, the then 
senior officer of the British medical service in the Command. 

This will account in some measure for the absence of full details of sani- 
tary inspections which this report would doubtless have contained had 
Surgeon-General Currie been able to return to India in time to make his 
annual inspections during the winter of 1875-76. 

In his absence, and to ‘enable the officiating Surgeon-General to report 
upon questions of general importance, the latter officer visited several of the 
more important military stations in the Command, and the results of his 
observation, as well as the points of sanitary importance discussed in the 
reports from administrative officers of Circles, are given below :— 

Presidency Curcle.—The medical history of the Circle is described as 
uneventful, and therefore satisfuctory. There were no deaths from cholera 
among the troops, and the death-rate from all causes was only 13°45 per 1,000, 
hepatitis being the most fatal form of the diseases met with. 

' The sanitary defects pointed out can hardly be said to have contributed 
materially to this mortality. Considerable improvements have been made, and 
arestill in progress, in the barracks at Darjeeling, where two of the old barracks 
have been demolished to be replaced by new buildings, one of which has been, 
completed and the other is in course of construction. The married quarters 
for the Royal Artillery have also been finished, and further improvements in 
barrack accommodation aré in contemplation. 

At Hagarebagh, improvements have also been made by throwing down two 
barracks, and thus lessening surface crowding, and providing for free atmo- 
spheric movement. 

As might be expected from its situation and climate, malarious fevers were 
the prevalent diseases at Barrackpore. These are correctly attributed to the 
low marshy character of the surrounding country. The sickness from this and 
other causes was, however, less than usual, and this is attributed to improved 
water supply. Further advances in this direction are in contemplation, and 
will here, as elsewhere in this Circle, yield still greater benefits. 

During his inspection of this station in December, Dr. Crawford noticed 
that the fever then prevalent was, as stated above on the authority of Surgeon- 
Major Stewart's report, a purely malarious one, attributable to local malarious 
influences. The station is surrounded by jungle, and the trees and hedges are 
unpruned, so that the free circulation of air is impeded. The surface and sub- 
soil drainage is also less free and open than it should be. Seasonable influences 
have no doubt much effect upon this fever, but improved drainage and judi- 
cious pruning of trees, and clearing of neighbouring jungle where too close and 
thick, would mitigate the type of the disease. Night urinals in barracks should 
also be provided, so that the men might be spared, as much as possible, 
exposure to the chilling influences of the night air. It is worthy of notice that 
the residents aleng the high river bank do not suffer from malarious fever 


* The above Report was received too late for publication in the Volume for 1875. 
L 


Bengal. 


158 ARMY MEDICAT, DEPARTMENT 


nearly to the same extent as those occupying bungalows,in.low sites further 
into the lines. 

Allahabad Circle —The health of the troops in this Circle during the year 
thas been good, the mortality being only 15°67 per 1,000, notwithstanding the 
‘appearance of cholera in an epidemic form at Allahabad and Cawnpore. 
‘Venereal diseases are also very prevalent. in this Circle, the 73rd Regiment 
cagain showing the highest number of admissions under this head. The 
Deputy Surgeon-General ascribes the prevalence of venereal in a good many 
-cases to defective regimental supervision. . 

Chunar is not in a very satisfactory state. Deputy Surgeon-General - 
Kendall reports :— 

“The hospital is situated quite adjacent to.a portion of the town of Chunar, 
ealled Mohanna ; this, before the\inundation of the town in» August last, 
saccording to reports on the subject, was covered with hovels huddled together . 
jn every conceivable manver, without the smallest attempt at arrangement as 
far as escape of water, &c. It is less than a quarter-of a mile long and about 
one-sixth of the length in breadth, with a~population in 1872 of 10,346 
persons. ‘The inhabitants of this densely populated place are of the poorest 
class, utterly destitute of any sense of, or desire for, cleanliness. Heaps of 
animal and vegetable matter, and even human excrement in various stages of 
decomposition, are only too frequently met with, and render the atmosphere 
of the place fecal and sickening. ‘In fact there exists here every essential and 
accessory, if not for the generation at least to the propagation of every disease ; 
eases of most infectious disease are always to be found. A large proportion of 
the houses of this spot were destroyed by the flood of August last, and repre- 
sentations detailing the deplorable sanitary condition of the place were then 
made to the Quartermaster-General, with a view to the purchase and. clearing 
of the town, by Government but without success. In the event of an outbreak 
of cholera ina quarter so cireumstanced, and in such proximity to the hospital, 
what is to be done with patients? WJospitai tents erected at the fort, or any 
other place, will not be suitable at all seasons.. I think, then, the establishment 
of an hospital ward in the fort to be desirable, and deserving of timely 
consideration.” 

Cawnpore is greatly and urgently in need of a new hospital for the sick of 
the European corps stationed there. This necessity has been represented, and 
will no doubt receive every consideration. 

Jubbulpore is highly favoured in some respects, but the troops are exposed 
to malarious influences. during the last three months of the year, which 
increase materially the admissions into hospital. The officer in medical charge 
thinks the drainage of the low marshy ground in the vicinity of the station 
desirable, and suggests that its injurious influences might be lessened if it 
were planted with Zucalyptus globulus, or other suitable trees. or shrubs. 
This suggestion need not involve Government. in heavy outlay, and if acted 
upon there is little doubt that the result would be beneficial. 

Pachmarhi is still without a suitable hospital, the sick being accommo- 
dated in a wing of one of.the barracks. As everything connected with this 
station is at present’ of general interest, it may be well to quote here the 
-general conclusions arrived at by Surgeon-Major J. J. Thompson, at present in 
‘medical charge. They are to the following effect :— - 

“ A careful perusal of the'sanitary and other reports of my predecessors, 
-and a close scrutiny of the medical returns of the station since its. occupation 
“by European troops, combined with the medical facts and figures of the past 
year, place me in a position, notwithstanding my short local experience 
(having only assumed medical charge on the 8th November, 1875) to express a 
very favourable opinion on the capabilities and advantage of this beautiful 
mountain plateau asa temporary residence for either invalid or healthy soldier. 

“There can be no doubt that the prevalence of ague, and the general 
sunhealthiness of the station during the earlier years of its occupation, which 
‘drew forth such unfavourable reports from the medical officers of the time, 
arose from local causes which were remediable, and which have since been 
removed. ~ 

“Last year Surgeon-Major N. H. Stewart, in his report for 1874, pointed out 
how very mach more satisfactory the sanitary condition of the station had 


ad 


REPORT FOR 1876. 159 


‘become when compared with the records of 1873. This improvemont has not Bengal: 
-ceased to continue, as‘may be seen by a reference to a preceding section of this 

weport, where the admissions for ague in 1875 were shown to be even less than 

half the number accorded for 1874. 

“For men whose constitutions have become enervated by service in the 
~plains, or who have suffered from frequent attacks of malarious fever, the 
climate of Pachmarhi appears to offer many advantages.” 

Lucknow Circle.—The only points of any sanitary importance mentioned in 
the report of the Deputy Surgeon-General of this Circle are, that wlien cholera 
appears at Lucknow it always breaks out first in the European Infantry Lines, 
occupied by the 65th Regiment, the causes of which are not explaitied, and that 
Naini Tal is particularly exempt from hill diarrheea. This latter fact is all the 
more remarkable when coupled with the less creditable one that the lake from 
which water for all purposes is drawn receives the “washings from the sides of 
the hills, including the sweepings from private houses, servants’ houses, 
stables, &¢e., as well as the whole of the dirt from both native bazaars.” 

_ The excessive prevalence of venereal diseases among the men of the 85th 
Regiment is also commented on, but this subject will be noticed towards the 
end of this r port. 

Gwalior Circle—There is nothing of pressing sanitary importance in regard 
‘to this Circle which will not be found in the reports of last year. The Superin= 
tending Surgeon-Major’s special report has not been received, and as Surgeon- 
Major Irvine has left for Hugland, his experience regarding the requirements 
of the Circle cannot now be made available in the compilation of this report. 

Meerut Circle.—The health of the troops in this Circle has been remarkably 
-good, the mortality having only reached 10°17 per 1,000. There is still, how- 
ever, room for improvements, as may be inferred from the number of deaths 
‘aseribed to enteric fever, malarious fever, dysentery, and liver diseases. 

At Meerut many of the barracks in the Cavalry Lines are old, with narrow 
verandahs and floors, but little raised above the surface of the ground. 

The Hospital of the Royal Artillery is old and of inferior construction and 
arrangement, but kept in excellent order. The Kuropean Infantry Hospital is 
open to similar criticism. Both require additional fireplaces and fires in 
winter. Thvure is some surface-crowding in the Artillery Lines, and the station 
generally is insufficiently drained. Works are now in progress to remedy this 
sserious defect. 

At Agra, additional hospital accommodation is required. The women’s 
hospital here, as at many other stations, is peculiarly unsuitable for the 
requirements of that class of patients. A new women’s hospital, on the 
standard plan, should be provided. 

The sanitary condition of Delhi is now so satisfactory that little need be 
‘said aboat it. Some slight alteration in the ventilation of the cells, improve- 
“ment in the gradient of the surface drains, and further improvement-in the 
water supply are said to be desiderata. ‘The beneficial results of the sanitary 
improvemotits which have made Delhi what it now is, ascontrasted with what 
it was ten or fifteen years ago, ought to encourage the governments of other 
provinces to #o and do likewise at other stations still in need of such works. 

- The fine double-storeyed hospital in the fort at this station is a model, well 
worthy of imitation elsewhere, but the cost will probably preclude its general 
adoption. . 

Sirhind Circl*—Were,-As-elséwhere in the Command, the health of the 
troops has been good, although the death-rate has been high—18°34 per 1,000. 
This ‘is attributable to an outbreak of cholera at Umbalia and Kasauli, result- 
ing in considerable mortality among the men of the Rifle Brigade at the 
fornier and convalesceuts at the latter station. 

There is still a deficiency of barrack accommodation for the infantry 
‘regiment at Umballa, but many sanitary improvements have been made 
during the year, among which may be mentioned new schoolhouses for the 
Artillery and Rifle Brigade, the provision of fireplaces and ceilings in hospitals, 
the erection of improved urinaries, the better protection of ‘water tanks, and 
‘the roofing and flooring of Right Wing Infantry Hospital now completed. 

At Kasauli, the wooden floors in’ the hospital and in the iirried men’s 
quarters have been taken up’ and relaid over a thick layer of concrete, the 

L 2 


Bengal 


160 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


interspace being in every instance well ventilated. This is a very great 
improvement. It was also a work of pressing sanitary necessity, as the floors 
were rotten and the soil beneath was not only porous but damp and offensive, 
and highly charged with decaying organic matter. 

Other desiderata pointed out in last year’s report are still under considera- 
tion or in course of adoption. : 

At Dagshai the re-roofing of the old barracks has been completed, new cook- 
houses have been built, and the Fitzwygram married barracks are in progress, 
The re-flooring of the old barracks much needed, and. the construction of new 
latrines are also sanctioned, and will shortly be carried out. 

Increased hospital accommodation, new guard-room and cells are still 
desiderata, which will doubtless be provided for as funds can be made available. 

At Subathu, the old barracks are slowly disappearing to make room for new 


buildings on a better plan. But the new hospital recently built on the top of 


an isolated hill is showing indications of the rottenness of the rock on which it 
stands, and there is reason to fear that much, if not the whole of the building, 
will have to be shored up, if not-to a great-extent reconstructed. 

The works in progress last year at Jutogh have been completed, and the 
sick and married families are now satisfactorily provided for. 

Extensive improvements have also been carried out in the old barracks at 
Jullundur, and also in the hospitals at that station, and although there is 
still much to be done there before the cantonment arrangements can be pro- 
nounced in every way satisfactory, the troops are on the whole well-housed. 
and cared for. 

Lahore Circle—The health of the troops at Meean Meer during the 
autumn month of the year caused some anxiety, and in consequence the 
Officiating Surgeon-General visited this station in February of the present 
year. The results of his visit were fully stated in a letter addressed to the 
Quartermaster-General at the time, portions of which are here reproduced. 
The sickly men of the Royals, selected for transfer to the hills, were sent to 
Rani-Khet. 

Extract from a letter, dated Meean Meer, 19th February, 1876, from the 
Officiating Surgeon-General, British Forces, to the Quartermaster-General, 
Army Head Quarters, Calcutta :— 

“T have the honour to report, for the consideration of the Right Honour- 
able the Commander-in-Chief, that I inspected the whole of the 2nd Pattalion 
1st Royals yesterday, and the remainder of the European troops in canton- 
ment this morning. 

“he chief sickness among the men and families of the Royals has been 
caused by malarious fevers. Out of the whole regiment 178 men only have 
escaped the fever altogether. Of the remainder, about 120 are still suffering 
from its effects to such an extent as to preclude the ‘hope of early recovery 
without change, and some 30 more, including 14 boys, are, from varions causes, 
equally in need of transfer to the hills. All the others who have had fever 
have either shaken it off or are doing so rapidly, and will, I have no doubt, 
regain their health where theyare. I would, therefore, recommend for the 
favourable consideration of his Excellency that, as I have already telegraphed, 
accommodation at Hill Sanitaria for 150 men, including eight families, the 
members of which are suffering from malarious fever, be, if possible, allotted 
to the Royals, and that the men be moved up as early as is consistent with 
the general arrangements for the transfer of convalescents to the hill depots. 
These men should, if practicable, be sent to stations having good hospital 
accommodation, as many of them are still in need of careful dieting and 
medical treatment. ‘They are not, however, suffering to any appreciable extent 
from organic disease, so that there is good reason for believing that a few 
months change wiil restore the greater number, if not the whele of them, to 
the ranks as effeetives. 

“Of the other troops at Meean Meer, the Royal Horse Artillery have 
suffered but little from the fever, and are now in good health. ‘The battery of 
Field Artillery has suffered somewhat more severely, but they too are rapidly 
shaking off the effects of the fever. There were but few of the Garrison 
Battery present, the greater number being absent on detachment duty. But 
those paraded for inspection seemed to be in very good health. 


REPORT FOR 1876. 161 


“JT haye no suggestions to offer relative to the sanitary surroundings of the Bengal. 
troops at Meean Meer. Careful and judicious cultivation of waste grounds, 
effective surface and subsoil drainage, and the filling up of hollow places, and 
ievelling of all dikes and embankments which interfere with the free escape 
of stagnant surface water, seem to me the most likely measures to effect a 
radical improvement in the sanitary condition of the station, Works of this 
description are now in progress. 

“The cultivation of crops and trees within cantonment limits can only be 
carried out by the aid of irrigation, to which I believe some are disposed to 
attribute the prevalence of malarious fevers at Meean Meer. This opinion 
does not appear to me to be well founded ; on the contrary, provided the irri- 
gation is moderate—that is to say, to the extent only required for the healthy 
growth of the crops—and so regulated as not to obstruct the free circula- 
tion of the air through the soil and subsoil, it can do no appreciable injury to 
the public health, while the presence of healthy vegetation, within moderate 
limits as to height and luxuriance of growth, will be beneficial. 

“T have no reason to question the judiciousness ef the drills, exercises, and 
duty arrangements of the Royals. I allude to the subject here merely to show 
that it has not escaped my notice, and to add that, in my opinion, a super- 
abundance of unoccupied time is a great misfortune to a corps so circum- 
stanced. 

“Frequent short drills and exercises in the open air at seasonable hours, 
and in suitable clothing, are not only admissible, but desirable, and the more 
fully the soldier’s spare time is occupied in industrial pursuits, and rational 
amusements and recreations within doors when he cannot be out with safety, 
the better for his health. 

‘€ Tt is desirable to limit'as far as practicable the night duties of the troops 
during the prevalence of malarious fevers, but the Lieutenant-General Com- 
manding assured me that this point had not escaped his attention ” 

Peshawar Curcle—Owing probably to the recent arrival of the Deputy 

_ Surgeon-General of this Circle, the report for the year 1875 does not discuss 
fully many points of great sanitary importance, especially in regard to 
Peshawar, and as this subject was referred for the second time to Deputy 
Surgeon-General Crawford, when officiating as Surgeon-General, it may not 
be out of place here to give wm extenso the letter written by him to the Quarter- 
master-General on the sanitary aspect of the occupation of Peshawar. This 
letter should be viewed in continuation of the Report of the Special Committee 
assembled at Peshawar in the beginning of the year under review. 

Copy of Letter, dated Umballa, 11th February, 1876 :— 

“T have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 1925, 
dated Camp Delhi, 2nd instant, with its enclosures, herewith returned, and 
conveying the desire of the Right Honourable the Commander-in-Chief for my 
opinion on the several points reported upon, as well as on the entire question 
of the occupation of Peshawar and Cherat. 

“9, As the occupation of Cherat is designed by those who advocate that 
measure to provide a remedy for the unfavourable health conditions of the 
garrison of Peshawar, it will be more convenient to review the question as it 
affects the latter station first, and then to see how far the occupation of Cherat 
meets the requirements of the forces at Peshawar. 

“3. I have already had the honour of submitting a report of a special 
committee, of which I--was—president, upon the causes of sickness among 
British troops stationed at Peshawar, for his Excellency’s consideration, and 
as the conclusions of that committee will not, I believe, be questioned by any 
competent sanitary authority to whom the Peshawar Valley is as well known 
as it is to the members of the committee, it may suflice for present purposes 
to recapitulate very briefly those which have reference to the causes of the 
chief diseases prevalent. 

“4, The committee reports at page 8 of the proceedings that-— 

«“¢Mhe chief causes of the sickness existing among the British troops at 
Peshawar are climatic—(a) continuous’ high temperature in summer causing ~ 
continued fevers ; (6) malaria in the autumn months giving rise to inter- 
mittent fevers.’ ; 

“5. These causes may be mitigated, and the severity of the fevers prevalent 


Bengal. 


162 ARMY MEDICAL DEPRRTMENT 


during the summer months, as well as in the autumn, may be naturally 
lessened by measures of the description indicated in the report above quoted, 
but so long as Peshawar continues to be occupied as a military station, so long 
will the troops, both European and Native, continue to suffer from malarious- 
fever during the autumn months, until, through the lapse of time, the jheels 
in this valley silt up, and waste plains and marshes are drained, and the whole 
valley cultivated with due regard to the requirements of public health. 

“¢. Such being, in my opinion, the true state of the. case in regard to 
Peshawar, it is obvious the troops must continue to suffer from sickness so 
long as they are required to serve there, and that any remedial measures to be 
effective must have for their object the removal of the troops, or as many of 
them as can be spared, beyond these unfavourable influences. 

«7, The occupation of Cherat is' held by some to be the most effectual, and 


at the same time the most economical way of meeting this requirement, and 


may, I presume, class the writers of the annexed reports among this number, 
provided the troops at Cherat are comfortably roused in furnished huts of - 
suitable construction. ahs : - : : 

“8 To cover a spot so limited in extent with huts for so large a force, and 
houses for the followers, as suggested by Colonel Beresford, and to leave the: 
whole untenanted for six months of the year, would unquestionably lower 
materially the health conditions of tle locality, not only, as the Commander 
in-Chief remarks, by protecting the site from the purifying influences of the 
winter’s rains and frost, but also by affording cover for wild animals and. 
vermin, and numberless corners for the lodgment of decaying organic matter,. 
the annual augmentations of which would eventually destroy the reputation of 
the locality as a sanitarium. 

“9, Moreover, the climate of Cherat is very variable, and the elevation is: 
hardly sufficient for a sanitarium to which it is proposed to transfer men 
suffering from diseases of malarious origin. _ Changes of temperature are rapid 
and considerable in degree, reaching in June to 107° in tents, 100° in a perma- 
nent building used as the hospital,.and 95° in a well-built private hut, The: 
Fi de supply is bard, very limited, and procurable only from a considerable 

istance. 

“10, Brigadier General Wilson, who is a warm advocate for the establish- 
ment of a permanent sanitarium at this place, is apparently doubtful as to the 
benefits to be derived from its occupation in May and June. He writes :— 
‘Four years experience enables me to say that usually it is not until the month 
of July, after the monsoon has well set in below, that the full advantages of 
the climate are experienced.’ 

“11, Surgeon Major Meane, the officer in medical charge, appears to be 
much of the same opinion. When urging the necessity of providing hut 
accommodation for the troops, he says :—‘ The exposure to heat in the first two: 
months of the season being ¢o great, the advantage over the plains is but very 
little marked.” ~ 

“12, Unfortunately the excepted months are those in which the lives of the 
soldiers are in most danger at Peshawar. Malarious fevers produce present 
inefficiency and eventual loss from invaliding, but heat-apoplexy kills with 
distressing celerity and certainty. If Cherat be not suitable as a sanitarium 
during these months without large outlays in erecting permanent barracks, 
half its alleged value to the Peshawar garrison is at once discounted. 

“13, These and other reasons, both sanitary and general, such as the impossi- 
bility of removing during the summer, without great risk to life, the sick in 
hospital and the women and children back to Peshawar, and the equally 
perplexing alternative of protecting them at Cherat in the midst of hostile 
tribes, should any serious emeute occur in the valley—lead me to the conviction 
that Cherat is only suitable as a temporary and occasional retreat for the 
fever-stricken members of the Peshawar garrison, and that for this purpose no- 
sort of shelter is more appropriate or more economical than tents well chop- 
pered in, as is customary under similar circumstances in other parts of India, 
so as to protect the inmates from extreme noon-day heat, as well as from 
sudden alternations of temperature at other times. - 

“14. But were Cherat all that could be desired as to climate, local sur- 
roundings, space, water supply, &c., and were buildings erected of the best. 


REPORT FOR 1876.°: 168 


possible description, and ample as to extent of accommodation for all the men Bengals. 
that can be spared from Peshawar after the most necessary duties have been 
provided for, it would still fail to meet the real requirements of that 
garrison so long as the interchange of men, on the ‘principle now adopted is 
followed. : 

“15. In the spring, and while the troops in the valley are still healthy, as 
many as can be spared are sent away to Cherat, not, as I understand, to regain 
their health (for that is still good, invalids and sickly men having been pre- 
viously sent home or transferred to Murree), but to retain it, in order that, later- : 
on, when those left behind sicken and are no longer able to perform their- : 
duties, they may take their place ; and having contracted. the. fever, -which 
spares few, if any, who are exposed to its causes, become fit subjects for change,. 
or possibly for invaliding. 

“16. It is this unvarying routine, and the inevitable exposure of all in turn 
to malarious influences in the valley, for which a remedy is needed, and, unless- 
the Commander-in-Chief can spare half the garrison of Peshawar for perma- 
nent localization at Cherat, and the Government of India will erect there- 
a suitable cantonment for their accommodation, and treat them as a reserve... 
to be called to the valley only in case-of military or political necessity, the 
station should be, in my humble opinion, looked upon only as a favourite camp~ 
ground to which a portion of the forces in the valley can -at any time move- 
In case of unusual sickness or other need. 

“17. In writing this, I have no desire to question the greatness of the boon 
conferred on the troops by the temporary occupation of Cherat as a sanatarium,. 
or to throw any doubt upon the fact that men suffering from the debilitating 
fevers of the valley recover more quickly and more perfectly at Cherat than 
they would do if left at Peshawar or Nowshera ; on the contrary, I agree with. 
the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India, that the good effect 
of the change on sickly men from Peshawar and Nowshera ‘is very decided, 
and there can be no question that this hill has proved of great benefit to the 
health of the troops in the valley.’ 

“18. It must not be forgotten, however, in estimating the value of the- 
figures given in paragraph 20 of Sanitary Report for 1874, from which the 
above quotation is copied, that Peshawar suffered severely from cholera during 
1872, which accounts for its high death-rate for that year, while Nowsheraand 
Cherat escaped, and also that the troops were withdrawn from Cherat in 1874 
before the sickly season at Peshawar had passed over. These:conditions have 
been to some extent reversed in 1875, and although the returns for that year 
are not yet complete, I am inclined to think the result, as regards Cherat, will 
be less satisfactory than the experience of 1874 seems to foreshow. 

19, Political and military considerations are points upon which I do not 
feel competent to enter, although they must mainly determine the sanitary 
- policy to be pursued in regard to the military occupation of the Peshawar 
valley. But assuming for the moment the best policy is in this instance in. 
harmony with the highest sanitary interests of the troops, the latter will in my 
opinion be best provided for by reducing the troops at Peshawar to the 
smallest possible number consistent with safety, and by placing all reserves at- 
some conyenient point on the other side of the Indus. 

“ T have already written so fully on the barrack accommodation at, and 
sanitary requirements of, Peshawar, that I do not think it necessary to add 
any further remarks-on those points here.” © 


‘ Madras, 


164 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


“ 


II.—Manpras. 
STATISTICAL REPORT. 


The average annual strength of the non-commissioned officers and men in 
the Command was 11,132, the admissions into hospital were 12,224, the deaths 
including those of invalids on the voyage, or after arrival in England, were 
185, the average number of constantly sick was 561. The rates given by 
these numbers are, for admissions 1098'1, for deaths 16°62, and for constantly 
sick 50°40 per 1,000 of the strength respectively. The admission-rate is 23'9, 
and the death-rate is *79 per 1,000 of the strength higher than in 1875; the 
rate of constantly sick is 5'13 per 1,000 men lower. ; 

The admissions and deaths in the different classes and orders of discases, 
are shown in the following Table :— 


“Ratio per 1,000 of Mean 
Strength, 11,182, pei Se 
1876. 1869-75. 
Diseases. ions. 
j lee J 3 
Z pea ae) we 
Z SB) |e] oad) ocean 
ro) <{ Co 4 A < A 
I. General Diseases, 
1| Febrile Group 2,254 46 202°5 | 4°18 | 2385°8 | 8°64 
, 2| Constitutional ,, Prva etes fay ¢ 12 4 | 185°4 | 1°44 | 159-2 |:2°07 
II. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 
1) Nervous System : 238 24 cc 21:4 | 2°15 | 19°7 | 1°94 
2| Eye ‘3 ae on 171 es 4 UB GA oe LOS ry 
8) Har we A oe 104 ri 9°3 ‘ O24T xs 
4} Nose .. ua i 6 ae *B " A a 
5| Circulatory System .. 189 14 1 17°0 | 1:85 | 18-9 | 2:00 
_ 6} Absorbent as 45 235 i ah ph er 258.4) bee 
8| Respiratory ,, A 454 8 ote 40°8 27 | 48°5 "56 
9| Digestive 3 «.| 8,587 50 5 | 817°7 | 4:94 | 840-4 | 7°16 
10| Urinary fs vi 985 1 1 88 °5 18 80 °5 17 
I1| Generative rf fe 155 vs AA 13°9 R 1528.7 we 
12} Organs of Locomotion. . 16 . a 1-4 F 5+2 04 
18} Cellular Tissue .. on 189 1 ws 17°0 09 | 17-1 01 
14| Cutaneous System ~ 729 aD we 0} 9 fal Hae ve 83'8 | .. 
III. Conditions, &c. ; 
Debility.. i # 356 ia rt B20! Ms ass 36°7 “06 
IV. Poisons ly 67 4 4 6°0 86 8:9 50 
V. Injuries, 
2) Accidental . eye leaks 14 4 90°5 | 1:26 | 1038°5 | 1°17 
8| Homicidal is ne 1 oi ‘l ahi “05 
4| Self-inflicted .. a 5 5 “4 *A5 } ‘51 
6| Judicial... oe ée ve “ ate “04 
VI. Surgical Operations 8 ee ‘s 3. a aN acy 
Cause unknown é aA AG sis on ie ar “Ol 
No appreciable disease, . 16 fy 5c a less 126i aes 
Total a ++ | 12,224) 174 11 | 10981] 16°62] 12254 |19-98 
ne eset os, [1264-8 | 20:86) <.ccaliek 


REPORT FOR 1876. 165 


GrnEeRAL DisnAses.—The rate of prevalence of diseases in this class is Madras. 
- 138 per 1,000 men lower than in the preceding year; the whole of the 
reduction is in the constitutional group of the class, in the febrile group there 
is a small increase. The rate of inortality for the whole class is 1°75 per 
1,000 men in excess of the rate for 1875, but whilst the increase for the 
febrile group amounts to 2°71 per 1,000, there is a reduction of ‘96 per 1,000 
in that of the constitutional group of diseases. 
The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases in this class, are 
shown in the following Table :— 


Ratio per 1,000 of Mean Strength. 


1869-75. 
General Diseases. Admitted.| Died. 
Admitted.| Died. | Admitted.| Died. 
Febrile— 

Eruptive Fevers... es 13 1 1°3 ‘09 
Continued ,, Bie vel > L557 25 118°2 | 1:43 
Paroxysmal ,, . oe 619 1 139 6 °43 
Cholera An ie oe 34 17 ON WT. 

Influenza .. or ae 18 no 1°4 ae 
Erysipelas .. te 30 6 me 1:9 07 
Other diseases of this Group.| — 7 2 3 05 
Total .. ..| 2,254 | 46 235°8 | 8-64 

Constitutional— 

Rheumatism .. ae e. 357 a8 40 °4 01 
Syphilis oe oe eo 993 al 100°1 22 
Scrofula, Phthisis, &c. 50 111 14 12°6 | 1°63 
Scurvy and Purpura Rea 1 36 3) 01 

Anemia ot os 3 32 ns 4:7 a 
Other diseases of this Group. 13 1 9 20 
Pol sea | | 1607) a6 159:2 | 2-07 


Eruptive Fevers, are in a fractionally lower rate of prevalence than in the 
preceding year ; 6 of the admissions were for dengue. 

Continued Fevers.—The rate of admissions exceeds that of the preceding 
year by 20°8 per 1,000 men, and the death-rate is 1°44 per 1,000 higher. 

Paroxysmal Fevers.—The rate of admissions is 19°1 per 1,000 men lower ; 
the death-rate is lower than in 1875. 

Cholera.—Compared with the preceding year there is an increase of 2'5 per 
1,000 men in the admissions for this disease, which was epidemic in the civil 
population. 

; Rhewmatism.—There is a small increase in the rate of prevalence on that 
of 1875. 

Syphilis—The rate of prevalence is lower than that of the preceding year 
by 19° per 1,000 men. 

Serofula, Phthisis, Gc.—Diseases in this group are in a slightly lower rate 
of prevalence than in the preceding year. 

Anemia.—the rate of prevalence is fractionally higher than in 1875. 

Looau Diszasrs.— Diseases of the Nervous System.—The rate of admissions 
is 8'l per 1,000 men, or more than a third higher than that of 1875, and the 
rate of deaths is 1:08 per 1,000, or one-half higher ; the last result is mainly 
due to the greater fatality of sunstroke in the present year. 

Diseases of the Hye—The rate of admissions is 1‘4 per 1,000 men higher 
than that of 1875. 

_ Diseases of the Circulatory System.—The rate of admissions is 3'9 per 1,000 
men, and that of deaths is ‘70 per 1,000 lower than in 1875. 


Madras, 


166 ARMY. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Diseases of the Respiratory System.—The rate of admissions is 4°! per 1,000 
men higher, whilst that of deaths from diseases in this order is 26 per 1,000 
lower, than in the preceding year. 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of prevalence is 22'9 per 1,000 
men higher than in the preceding year, whilst the rate of mortality 1s ‘40 per 
1,000 lower ; tonsillitis, and dyspepsia were the diseases of a non-fatal character 
which were of greater comparative frequency in the present year ; dysentery 
and hepatitis, caused fewer admissions than in 1875. 5 

Diseases of the Urinary System.—Compared with 1875, this order shows 
a trifling reduction in the rate of admissions. 

Conpitions, &0.—Debility—The rate of admissions exceeds that of 1875 by 
5'9 per 1,000 men. 

Porsons.—The rate of admissions differs only fractionally from that of 
1875. 

' Ingunius.—Accidental.—The rate of admissions is fractionally higher than 
that of the preceding year. The causes of death were-drowning in 5 instances, 
fracture in 7, dislocation in 1, and injury of the*brain in 1. 

Self-inflicted Injuries.—The mode of death was by gunshot in 4 instances, 
and by cut throat in 1. 

The admissions and deaths at each of the principal stations in the Com- 
mand are shown in the following Table, which is taken from the report of the 
Principal Medical Officer:— - 


te 


REPORT FOR 1876... 167 
Ratio per 1,000 of Strength Breage of 
F i ’ y 9 years. 
S : 
i=] 
2 s 
a |s3 
Stations. wo 
Cae 
i |: | 
3 ra) | ng a J ; 
s Ss B= a ce SS 2 7 oot bat 3 
Se irae re ta oe |e re | 8 |g 
< <q a/As4 (a) <q A a < A 
Fort: St. George | 636] 31 718} 9 | 27 | 48°74) 1128-9 | 14-15) 42°45] 1407-2 | 20°88 
Palayeram .,.| 21) ... 5 r 238°1 oa re 505°1 | 13°18 
PRESIDENCY. < St. Thomas’s Mt.| 341] 20 | 468] 7 | 30 | 58°65) 1372°4 | 20°53] 87°98] 1281°9 | 22-58 
Trichinopoly ...| ©267| 20 284; 9 | 22 | 74°90) 1063-7 |.33°71| 82°40] 1358-1 | 16°65 
Bellary... | 898) 53 893) 6 | 37 | 59°02) 994-4 6°68) 41°20) 1185-5 9°46 
Total ....| 2,163)124 |2,868) 31 |116 | 57°32) 1094°8 | 14-33] 53°62 is 
Bangalore ...| 1,641) 68 | 1,347) 20 | 59 | 41°48) 820°8 | 12°18] 35-95) 1233-8 | 12:23 
i Cannanore ...} 696) 28 574, 5 | 28 | 40°22) 9824°7 7°18] 40°22) 1198-1 | 16°76 
Mysore. 
Caliowt...  <... 96| 2 61) 3 1 | 20°83) 6385°4 | 31°25] 10°41] 1065-6 | 15°29 
Malliaporum ... 93) 2 69} 1 5 | 21°50} 741°9 | 10°75) 53°76) 972°4 | 15°47 
Total ,,.| 2,526/100 |2,051, 29 | 93 | 39°58] 811°9 | 11:48] 36°81 ei “rg 
(Secunderabad...|2,327|117 | 2,602) 384 | 77 | 50°27] 1118-2 | 14:61] 33-09] 1279-7 | 26:86 
: 
HYDERABAD. { Kamptee «| 909} 56 |1,390] 21 | 40 | 61°61] 1529°2 | 23°10] 44-01] 1733-1 | 16:37 
(Seetabuldee sae 50} 2 122 1]... | 40°00; 2440°6 | 20°00 15192 9°53 
Total... 3,286)175 | 4,114) 56 |117 | 53°26} 1252°0 | 17°04] 35°61 oats ae 
(Rangoon wee| 742) 36 750) 11 | 39 | 48°52| 1010-8 | 14-82] 52°56) 1292-3 | 12-49 
Thayetmyo ...| 674) 36 698] 4 | 27 | 53°41) 1035-6 5°93) 40°06) 1244°8 | 22°51 
BuRMAR. i 
Tonghoo w| 457] 25 632} 9 | 36 | 54°70) 1382°9 | 19°69) 78°77} 962-0 | 15°80 
Port Blair 134, 3 73) 1 1 | 22°39) 544°8 7°46) 7°46] 922°4 | 11°02 
Total ...| 2,007/100 2,153) 25 }103 | 49°82) 1072°7 | 12°45) 51°32 (os 
Poonamallee ...} 150) 45 499) 4 8 |800°00| 3326°7 |. 26°66) 53-33) 2804°5 | 62°02 
Depots. Wellington ...| 447) 40 877] 16 | 85 | 89°48) 1962-0 | 35°79) 78°30) 1259-5 | 13°53 
(Ramandroog ,..} 52) 3 48)... | 1 | 57°69) 923°1 19°23] 1812-0 | 13%26 
Total ...| 649) 88 | 1,424) 20 | 44 |185°59) 2194-1 | 30°81) 67°80 2 ove 
On THE Marcu al vest L92! Ld 162) 138). 5729) 791°7 | 67°71 542°6 | 25°13 


Madras- 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


168 


h class and order of a 


in each of 
om the 


iseases, 


g Tables, taken fr 


i 


. 


in eac 
‘shown in the follow 


d deaths 


ivisions, are 


. 


issions an 


The adm 


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Returns of the Principal Medical Officer 


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- Madras. 


170 ARMY. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


GuveraL Disasus.—The rate of prevalence of diseases of this class is 
lower than in 1875, in the Presidency Division by 182°7 per 1,000 men, and in 
the Mysore by 22:2, whilst it is higher in the Hyderabad by 17:1, and in the 
Burmah by 17°1 per 1,000. In the Presidency, hoth groups of diseases con- 
tributed to the reduction in the rate for the whole class, the rate for the febrile 


group is little more than the half of that of the precoding year ; in the Mysore, 


the reduction is altogether in diseases of the constitutional group. In the 
Hyderabad, the rate of the first group is higher, that of the second is lower, 
whilst in the Burmah Division, this distribution of the increased rate is 
reversed. The rate of mortality of the class is higher in every Division except 
the Burmah, for which it is only a third of that of 1875. : 
Eruptive Fevers.—The only noticeable feature in connexion with fevers of 
this nature is the re-appearance of: dengue, a disease apparently extinct in the 


Command in the preceding year; the admissions for it were 6, and they all 


occurred in the Burmah Division, and at the Thayetmyo station there. 

Continued Fevers.—There is an increased rate~of prevalence of fevers of 
this kind for every Division except the Presidency, which shows a decrease of 
154°2-per 1,000 men ; the rate of mortality is higher for every Division except 
the Burmah. ; 

Enteric Fever.—Taking all Divisions together, the rate of prevalence. of 
this disease is nearly twice as great as that of the preceding year; as in 
1875, its chief incidence was in one, the Hyderabad Division, and in it at 
Secunderabad, where all the corps serving-at the station were attacked, 
though in different proportions, the two Infantry regiments, the 2nd Battalion 
16th (which was in its first year of service in the Command) and the 44th (in 
its fifth year of service) suffered in a nearly equal degree, in each the features 
were those of a “house epidemic,” but one of no great extent, the first 
regiment having but 17, the last but 18 admissions. The Cavalry, and the 
Royal Artillery, suffered in a much less degree. Of the admissions other than 
those at Secunderabad, the Depot at Wellington, contributed more than half; 
a sporadic case of the disease occurred at each of four other stations. 

The stations at which there were admissions for enteric fever, and the 
quarters of the year when they took place, are shown in the following Table :— 


EEE SIRE Ce ae 


Ist 2nd 3rd 4th Total 
Quarter. | Quarter.| Quarter. | Quarter. - 
Divisions. Stations. g g g a Fah 
AS Safle st lnses S BS) 
g n be wn B n wo n nD 
al a . aq orl a 3a od — as 
+S ~ 7 ~ q } 
B\e\513/8) 3/8 /2\8)3 
4iAlALALSA1/AlAIAITAIA 
: St.Thomas’sMti| 0.0 foes | ae | on 1 1 i il 
Presidency 
Bellary q 1 - 1 
Hyderabad .. | Secunderabad 6 2). 24.71-964 8-8) 32.40 Ri 
Burmah sah DHYEERLY OW ce well id as I wren re)« aie ot a5 alse! 
Depdts.. ..| Wellington ,./ 1}|.. 2 2 w 1 ‘A 5 3 
Troops on the March=.. Oo en 1 diate. jen trelae LB 
‘Total in the Command .. ir Alea dhe rs A unr en| daks 8 3°| 51 | 20 


REPORT FOR 1876, ERE 


The ages, and periods of residence in India of those attacked by enteric Mudias. 
fever, are shown in the following Tables, which are taken from the report of 
the Principal Medical Officer :— 


y f Number Number of 
Ages admitted for | Deaths from 
e Pnteric Enteric 
Fever: Fever. 
194020... ania 2 bk 
20 to 21 .. Bh ath aie 4, 2 
21 to 22... ar abe 3 5 2 
22 to.23... ne ie es A 1 
23 to 24... a5 4 a ve age 
24 to. 25... - ms ae 6 OF. 5 
25 to 26... oie a ae 8 4 
26 to 27... ave 5 é 4 3 
27 to 28 .. or SS ee 3 at 
29 to’30'.. ma HA A 1 a 
33: to 384... es Ne ae 1 iL 
37 to 38... a er ae 2 An 
42 to 43°... oe 510 ci 1 93 
Motule {i oir ithe 51 20 
* Number Number of 
Geewich at ndae admitted for | Deaths from 
. ; Enteric Enteric 
Fever. Fever. 
Under 1 year ci 23 10 
e 1to 2 years . 2 1 
QitOL Bed or oe v7 ae A 2 
3to 4. ,, oe me on 5 2 
4 to 5) ,, 30 chk ae 13 2 
5 to. 6. ,, oe “id 2 2 
Gitoe vib eed les Sh an 1 1 
9 to 10 » oe oe oe 1 ee 
- TStal) . £8 se 51 20 


Paroxysmal Fevers.—For every Division except the Presidency there is a 
decrease in the rate of prevalence of diseases of this nature on that of the 
preceding year, and in each instance the reduction is considerable ; Depdts 
and Troops-on the March, each show an increase. 

Cholera, appeared in’ a sporadic form only in. the Presidency and in :the 
Hyderabad Divisions, the troops in the Mysore, and the Burmah Division 
remaining free from the disease. The greatest actual, as well as proportional 
prevalence, was at Depts, but this was owing to the development there of 
cholera in men who had acquired the disease when on the march from Bombay 
to Wellington Depot, and who were taken ill after arrival at their destination ; 
in this outbreak 12 men of the 33rd Foot (in a strength of 40) were attacked. 

_ Rheumatism.—Compared with the results for the preceding year, all the 
Divisions show lower rates of prevalence except Burmah, the reduction in 
the Divisions however is to some extent counterbalanced by an increase for 
Depots, and for Troops on the March. 

Syphilts,—Compared with 1875, there is a decrease in the rate of admissions 
for this disease of 40°6 per 1,000 men in the Presidency, of 29°5 in the Mysore, 
and of 17'8 in the Hyderabad Divisions ; for the Burmah Division there is an 
increase of 21:9. ; ; 

Scrofula and Phthisis.—The prevalence of diseases in this group is lower for 
every Division than in the preceding year, except Mysore, for which there is a 
small increase. 


Madras. 


172 ARMY. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 3 

Locan Distases.— Diseases of the Nervous System.—The rate of admissions. 
for the Presidency, and that for the Mysore Division, differs only fractionally 
from the corresponding rate of the preceding year, but for the Hyderabad, there 
is an increase of 11:5, and for the Burmah an increase of 17°6 per 1,090 men 3. 
the rate of mortality of the Hyderabad Division is more than threefold higher 
than in 1875, and that of Burmah is fourfold higher. 

Diseases of the Hye.—The rate of admissions is lower for the Presidency 
and for the Mysore Division, but is considerably higher for each of the 
remaining ones. ‘ 

Diseases of the Circulatory System.—Compared with the preceding year, 
the rate of admissions differs only fractionally in the Presidency, and in the 
Burmah Divisions, and it is lower for the Mysore, and for the Hyderabad ; in 
the instance of Mysore, the decrease amounts to 28'1 per 1,000 men, or more 
than sixfold; this result is due to the decreased prevalence of palpitation. 

Diseases of the Respiratory System—Compared with 1875, there is an 
a e rate of admissions for the Presidency, a lower rate for each of the 
others. a ay ; 

Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of admissions is higher than in 
the preceding year for the Presidency by 69° per 1,000 men, and for the 
Burmah by 69°4, for the Mysore Division, it is lower by 369, for the Hyderabad 
by 35°3, for Depdts there is a large increase, 280°3 per 1,000 men. The 
rate of mortality is fractionally lower for the Presidency, and for the Hyder- 
abad is lower by 3:23, or one-half; the Mysore and the Burmah Divisions, 


each show an increase, the first amounting to. 2°31 and the last to 2:12; for” 


Depéts there is a decrease of 6:19 per 1,000 men. 
The relative prevalence of certain important diseases of this order, in each 
Division of the Command, is shown in the following Table :— 


Ratio per 1,000 of the Strength. 


peteee : Troops on 
Divisions. Presidency.| Mysore. |Hyderabad.| Burmah. Depots. the March. 


Diseases. 


Admitted. 
| Admitted. 
| Admitted. 
| Admitted. 
Admitted. 
Died 
| Admitted 


| Died. 
| Died. 
| Died. 
| 
| 


| Died. 


Dysentery... eee ++] 46°70} °92] 51-1 | *89] 54°8 |1:22/103°6 [3°48] 98-6 | 1°54) 93-8 | 5°2E 
Diarrhea oe eee o-| 46°70] ... | 48°2 | 2. | 58-4]... | T1°2 | 50) 15-0] ... | 72°9 


1°85) 37 °2 |4°32| 49°3 11°83) 64°8 | ... $2296 |-3:09) 52-1 |10°42 


Hepatitis, including 78°1 
abscess of liver 


The relation between the prevalence and mortality of the diseases specified, 
and season, is shown in the following Table :— 


173 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


Madras. 


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a 


176 ABMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT: | 


Madras. The relation between length of service in the Command, and the results of 
sickness in each Corps, are shown in the following Table :— 


q a | 2 bs) Ratio per 1,0000f | | 6g 
Bo = bat Hog Strength. 3 el 
Ee ee ae z \6. | 32 
BS aie cue! a “& 
s 4 wold ia) s S 
Corps. aH ce @ | Se). 4s a, ; ee eel hrs 
eS A al ge! PES SES ara Sa 3 | 2 -| ee] as 
he) og 2 aa ss | &a | Ba g 8 ea Ey 
42 Bela l|oble|&S\ a2] 3 Fe a 53) 83 
ad os q 20 | Oo 2 Pe 5 £3 rs 
SE ee eee eS |e lee ieee 


14th Hussars... |) Under BOs ‘ é ns 2 19° 19° 
ond Bat. 16th Foot .../f 1 year 1,187 | 1,112 20 | 30 | 59:44] 978:0| 17°59| 26°39] 52°28 9°08 57 


et =n | ES ——— 


33rd Foot. | 1 789 |1,165-+—22-] 21-) 48708 |1463°9 27°88 | 26°61] 60°94| 22:23 | 15°19 


C Brig. Royal Horse ‘ OA “i i « r c , 
Artillery... + ‘ 3 823 | 456 g | 20 | 24:01 |1411°8) 27°86] 61°92} 74°34) 27 13} 19°22 


43rd Foot . 4 

need ten hayes “| 4 |3,502|3,169 | 43 [195 [152-63] 904-9] 12:25] 38°55] 43°58] 15°62) 17°26 

67th 3, 

eda ae 5 [1,069 2,238 | 28 |114 |J01-56|1340'9| 13-74] 68°30] 60°85] 22°21) 1656 
i) i eee 


7th Batt. 6th Brig. 


Royal Artillery 
9th Brig. Royal 7 {1,519 | 1,538 25 | 65 | 85°16 |1009'2] 16°46 | 42°79] 56°06 | 20°46 20°27 
Artillery 


Ist Batt. 21st Foot ... 


5th Brig. RI. Artillery 9 545 | 688 15 | 26 | 35°19 |1262°4| 27°52] 47°71) 64°48] 23°57 18°67 


|] — —|——— 


a= — —— | 


£ 


16th Lancers nea Oren 
“ee Roya 10. {1,615 [1,865 | 27 | 67 | 76°46]1154'8] 16-72] 41-48) 47°34) 17-28) 14°96 
véth Wook ey) 7888 


! u 


Officers. 


In an annual average strength of 409 officers, there were 309 attacks of 
illness, and 7 deaths, being in the rates of 755°5 and of 17°11 per 1,000 of the 
strength respectively. 

34 officers were invalided, being in the proportion of 83°13 of the strength, 

The deaths were due to cholera (1), apoplexy (2), valve disease of the 
heart (1), dysentery (1), rupture of viscera from a fall (1), and one death by a 
gun shot, was suicidal. : 


Women, 


In an average annual strength of 1,413 wives of non-commissioned officers 
and men, there were 1,123 admissions into hospital, and (in the Command) 28 
deaths, being in the rates of 794°7 and of 19°82 per 1,000 of the strength 
respectively ; both rates exceed those of the preceding year. 

The diseases which caused most admissions were fevers, conjunctivitis, / 

diarrhea, dysentry, hepatitis, and debility, more than a quarter of the whole 
being for the last named condition. There were 23 admissions for abortion, 
and (not included in those for disease) 298 for childbirth. 

The deaths were caused by enteric fever (3), remittent fever (1), cholera (9), 
pyaemia. (i), general dropsy (1), encephalitis (1), disease of the mastoid cells 4 
dysentery or diarrhoea (6), debility (2), and three deaths were consequent on 
the puerpural state. . . 


REPORT FOR 1876. Lee 


Children. 


Tn an average annual strength of 2,833 children of non-commissioned 
officers and men, there were 1,685 admissions into hospital, and 170 deaths (in 
the Command), being in the’rates of 594°7, and of 60:01 per 1,000 of the 
streagth respectively ; the rate of admissions is higher but not importantly, 
than in the preceding year ; the rate of deaths is 5:99 per 1,000 higher. 

142 admissions were due to eruptive fevers, measles for the most part ; 
there were 2 admissions for dengue. For enteric fever there were 4, and for 
other forms of continued fevers 172 admissions; for paroxysmal fevers 49 
admissions ; for cholera 10 ; pulmonary consumption caused 2 ; and mesenteric 
tabes 22 admissions ; 226 admissions were on account of conjunctivitis. 

The deaths were due to measles (4), enteric fever (1), simple continued 
fever (3), remittent fever (2), cholera (7), hooping cough (1), scrofula (4), 
tubercular meningitis (4), consumption (1), tabes mesenterica (12), anzemia (1), 
meningitis (2), hydrocephalus (2), convulsions (39), epilepsy (1), disease of 
heart (2), nevus (1), bronchitis (11), pneumonia (2), teething (23), quinsy (1), 
enteritis (1), dysentery (8), diarrhoea (21), jaundice (1), debility (12), poisoning 
(1), drowning (1), concussion of brain (1). 


SANITARY REPORT. 


Surgeon-General 0. A. Gordon, C.B., reports, that the occurrence of several 
cases of cholera, euteric fever, and sunstroke, renders the statistics of 1876 
less favourable than they otherwise would have been. Considering the 
alarming prevalence of cholera among a famine-stricken population throughout 
a great part of the Presidency, and the presence of smallpox in an epidemic 
form among the same class, the health of the troops has been satisfactory. 
Cholera is officially reported to have caused 148,193 deaths, and smallpox 
23,469 deaths, among the native population during the year. ‘The death-rate 
of British Troops—15'63 per mille of strength—exceeds that of 1875 by 1°12, 
the admission-rate is slightly greater, the daily sick-ratea little less, while the 
numbers invalided amounted to 42°94 per mille of strength against 52°79 in 
previous year, or, if calculated as in 1875, viz., by the number of invalids 
embarked during the year, irrespective of the year in which they passed Boards, 
the ratio amounts to 48°66 per mille of strength, showing a decrease of 9:13 
as compared with 1875. 

The sanitary condition of barracks, hospital accoramodation, water supply, 
drainage, conservancy, and other details connected with the health of the 
troops, will be considered according to circles, and to the report oa each circle 
will be appended a statement of improvements which have been effected 
during the year, as well as one of those proposed, but not yet carried out. 

Climate-——At Madras, the mean temperature for the year was 83°4. The 
rainfall—21°60 inches—was remarkably scanty. This scarcity, however, was 
not confined to Madras, but prevailed throughout the Presidency generally, 
producing a wide-spread famine and great distress among the native popula- 
tion, The health of the troops was not affected thereby, the supply of water 
throughout the year being sufficient for their requirements. At Bellary, the 
season was exceptionally dry, the rainfall equalled 7 inches only, being less 
than the average by 10 inches. The mean annual temperature was 81°°4, 

This station still maintains its good name for healthiness, the 43rd Regi- 
ment, quartered here, having the smallest death-rate in the Command, viz., 
4°56 per mille of strength. But for the prevalence of venereal disease, their 
admission-rate, too, would have been small. 

At Ramandroog, the mean annual temperature was 74°3. The rainfall 
oe 15°69 inches only, This station is favourably spoken of for carefully 

_ selected cases, its chief advantages appearing to consist in its proximity to 
Bellary, admitting of frequent changes of troops being readily effected. 

Barracks—Fort St. George.—These have undergone no change during the 
year. The garrison consisted of the head quarters 67th Regiment and a detach- 
ment of Royal Artillery, The quarters occupied were approved of -with the 


Madras 


Mad~as. 


178 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


exception of the casemated barracks allotted to the unmarried men Royal 
Artillery, which by reason of faulty position and defective ventilation were 
considered unsatisfactory. ‘The health of the men did not apparently suffer 
from residence therein. ; ats 

St. Thomas’s Mount.—- The quarters in use were identical with those 
occupied in 1875, and met all requirements. With the exception of some 
minor improvements connected with the ventilation of the guard-rooms and 
cells, there is no change to record. y 

Pallaveram.—The barracks here have been kept in good sanitary condition, 
and,no changes requiring comment have occurred. They were only in oceupa- 
tion between October, 1876, and April, 1877, during the annual course of rifle 
instruction. ‘ ’ 

Poonamallee.—The same quarters were in occupation as in previous year. 
The construction and plan of the buildings is obsolete and faulty, and the 
ventilation defective. ‘The erection of new barracks has been sanctioned, and 
the digging of the foundations was actually commenced, but delay is caused 
by want of the necessary RTC E sn wht. ag iaacs ; 

At Bellary, two new barrack blocks were completed for the Infantry and 
taken into use in April. Several minor improvements in connection with the 
drainage were effected. A recreation and canteen-room for the Infantry was 
commenced, and quarters for the Native Hospital Establishment are in 
course of construction. : 

Hospital Accommodation.—At all stations in the Circle, the buildings in 
occupation were the same as in 1875. At Madras, Government sanctioned the 
watering of the streets in front of the hospital during the latter half of the 
year, and the comfort of the sick was much increased thereby. 

At Poonamallee, the erection of a new hospital to accommodate 90 men 
was commenced on 4th September, 1876, and will, it is expected, be completed 
by January, 1878. The estimated cost is Rs. 102,000, At Trichinopoly, the 
hospital has been re-roofed, the walls heightened, and verandahs constructed. 
Plans and estimates for an infectious disease ward in connection with it were 
submitted for approval in November, 1876. ; 

Water Supply—No change has occurred in the source, and, notwith- 
standing the scanty rainfall, the supply has been adequate for all purposes. 
That for drinking is carefully filtered prior to use. Macnamara filters, as 
well as those of the old three-chatty pattern, being employed for this pur- 
pose. It has been proposed to substitute an iron pipe for the masonry 
conduit leading from the artesian well at Bellary to Barracks, aud to construct 
a cistern at Ramandroog for the storage of water, the source of supply at that 
station being at.a considerable distance from barracks, and means of con- 
veyance being available only morning and evening. : 

Drainage.—At Fort St. George, these are chiefly open stone channels for 
femoval of surface water. In a few places they are covered and trapped. 
On several occasions during the year much anncyance was caused by the 
offensive odours emanating from the large public drain situated -to the 
north of the fort. Stéps have been taken by the municipality to remedy this 
evil, and apparently with benefit. 

Blsewhere the drainage is surface cnly, and has met all requirements, At 
Bellary it has been improved ‘by the laying down of masonry drains from the 
ablution-rooms. : 

Conservancy.—tThe dry-earth . system is now in force at all stations both in 
barracks and hospitals. 

Cooling of Barracks.—-Punkahs and Kus-Kus tatties are in use for this 
purpose. 


Lighting —The barracks at Fort St. George are lit with gas. Elsewhere 


oil is in use both in barracks and hospitals. 
The introduction of kerosine oil is still delayed for the want of lamps. 
Improvements.—Fort St. George.—Municipal arrangements made for remov- 
ing an offensive nuisance from the public drain, Ker 
St. Thomas’s Mount.—Ventilation of guard-rooms much improved. 
Toonamallee—A new hospital, to accommodate 90 men, commenced on 
4th September, 1876. 
Bellary.—Surface drains provided for removal of refuse water. Two new 


Se ee 


REPORT FOR 1876. 179 


barrack blocks completed and taken into occupation. - Recreation and cantecn Madras. 
for Infantry, in course of construction (temporarily stopped for want of funds). 

32 Quarters for Native Hospital Establishment, in course of construction. 
Catch-pits to lavatories removed, and refuse water carried to surface drains. 

Some minor improvements carried out in the barracks and hospitals at 
Trichinopoly, Ramandroog, and Bellary. 

Olimate—Mvsorz Circir.—The past year was unusually dry, the rainfall 
at Bangalore amounting to 17°16 inches only, while at Cananore it barely 
reached 100 inches, the average annual fall at that station ranging from 120 
140 inches. 

__ This scarcity has been attended with disastrous results, similar to those 
already noted in connection with the Presidency Circle. 

Barracks —Considered satisfactory at all stations. At Calicut part of the 
barracks have been re-floored, while at Malleapoorum all the barracks have been 
similarly repaired, and two quarters for officers completed and handed over. 

At no station, except Wellington, are the barracks double-storeyed. At the 
latter a new block of quarters to accommodate 148 men has been completed. 
Up to 31st December, 1876, it was not in occupation. 

Hospitals.—The same buildings were in use as noted in previous year. With 
the exception of the Infantry hospital at Bangalore, they are considered satis- 
factory. The Infantry hospital is obsolete, but there would be a difficulty in 
securing a suitable site for another. The occupation of the new barrack block 
at Wellington will necessitate increased hospital accommedation, the extent 
of which is not yet determined. It has been proposed to convert the Civil 
Lock Hospital into a female ‘hospital, and to hand over the wards now used 
for women and children for the sole use of the men. This matter is still 
under consideration. A new mortuary was erected at Malleapoorum during 
the year. 

Weter Supply.—At Bangalore the source is two-fold, viz., from wells, and 
from the Ulsoor Tank. At Wellington, that used for drinking is obtained 
from springs, the supply is equal to 380 gallons per hour, much of which runs 
to waste. It has heen recommended that an iron pipe be substituted for the 
masonry one now in use, and that a reservoir be built to contain a week’s 
supply. The water used for ablution purposes at this station is collected 
from the hill sides, and stored in a large masonry reservoir holding 220,000 
gallons. It is conveyed to barracks through pipes, and laid on by tap wher- 
ever required. 

At all stations the supply has been sufficient for the wants of the troops. 

Drainage—At Bangalore the drainage of barracks generally was, much 
improved. Some minor improvements in connection with the drainage at 
Cananore and Wellington were also effected during the year. 

Conservancy.—Calicut and Malleapoorum excepted, the dry-earth system in 
a modified form is now adepted at all stations, both in barracks and hospital. 

At Cannanore iron pans have been substituted for wooden ones, and iron 
receptacles specially constructed for the removal of the excreta in carts were 
supplied during the year. The soil is now buried inland. Formerly it was 
thrown over the cliff. Malleapoorum has made a slight advance during the 
year, the dry-earth plan having been introduced into hospital. Latrines for 
officers on the same system were constructed at this station, also accommoda- 
tion for servants and native followers on the same plan. At Bangalore the 
plan of removing the urine in wooden barrels is considered objectionable, as 
they emit an offensive smell. Air-tight iron vessels have been suggested for 
this purpose. oa 

Baths and Lavatories.—These were on the whole satisfactory. At Bangalore 
all corps possess plunge baths, At Cananore one is already provided for the 
Royal Artillery. One for the’ Infantry, to contain sea water, is in course of 
construction, 

The scarcity of water throughout the year has prevented these plunge 
baths from being used to the extent they otherwise would have keen. 

A musements.—These comprised the usual out and in-door games indulged 
in at most stations. The Cayalry at Bangalore have an open-air gymnasium, 
and athletic exercises, tent pegging, fencing, &c., are largely practised. 
There is also an athletic club, where once a week the different corps in garrison 


Madras. 


180 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


compete. A new recreation-room has been provided for the Infantry at 
Bangalore, and is much appreciated. At Wellington, soldiers’ gardens are 
cultivated, and arrangements made with the Commissariat to receive the 
produce at market rates for issue to the troops. z 

Good vegetables are thus secured, and the soldiers at the same time recom- 
pensed for their labours, The efforts of the men are further stimulated by the 
annual distribution of prizes for the best kept gardens and samples of 
produce, : 

Improvements—Bangalore.—New drains constructed in Royal Horse 
Artillery lines. Sergeants’ mess-room, Royal Horse Artillery barracks, 
enlarged. Surface drainage in barracks generally much improved. New 
canteen and recrcation-room handed over to the Infantry Iron urinals 
supplied to. Infantry. 

Wellington.—New block of barracks completed. : 

Cananore —Jron pans supplied for dry-earth conservancy instead of 
wooden tubs. Specially constructed carts supplied for removing night-soil. 
The latter buried instead of thrown over the cliff Covered ways to latrines 
erected in Infantry barracks. Trees-plauted round hospital and_ family 
quarters. Covered drains converted into open ones. New canteen for Infantry 
taken into use. Swimming-bath in course of construction. New guard and 
lock-up rooms occupied by the Artillery. : 

Malleapoorum.—Barrack newly floored. Soil buried instead of being thrown 
into the river, Dry-earth system introduced into hospital. Latrines (dry- 
earth) for officers constructed. Anew dead-house erected, The wells sup- 
plying drinking and ablution water cleaned out, Officers’ quarters erected. 

Cananore.—New ablution-rooms and guard-room in contemplation. 

Climate—HyprraBap Orrcnr.—At Secunderabad the hot season set in 
comparatively carly ; the rainfall during the south-west monsoon was much 
below the average, while the north-east monsoon failed completely, the result 
being a serious scarcity of water throughout the country, and great distress 
among the native population from failure of crops and loss of cattle. — 

The supply of water for the troops was suflicient, and, with the exception 
of a diminution in the allowance for plunge baths, they suffered no privation. 
The mean annual temperature was 82°9. ‘The total rainfall amounted to 15:47 
inches, being less than in previous year by 3°'81 inches, and about 15 inches 
under the average annual fall. At Kamptee the hot season was excessively 
trying. On certain days in May and June the thermometer indicated 118° in 
the shade, and cases of sunstroke were frequent. 

The highest recorded temperature in the shade.was 122° in May, the lowest 
35° in February. ‘The mean for the year was 78°64. The total rainfall 
equalled 39°32 inches. On 4th September, the safety of the cantonment was 
imperilled by a disastrous flood, which utterly ruined the European bazaars, 
and is stated to have left 9,000 natives houseless. 

Barracks.—W ith the exception of some additional buildings erected in the 
new Cavalry lines, North Trimulgherry, the troops occupied the same quarters 
as in last year. On 4th August, another barrack block was completed for 
the Cavalry and handed over for occupation. The lower story of this building 
had been in occupation since 24th March, 1876, the occupants having been 
previously accommodated in the verandahs of the adjoining blocks. 

Several other buildings were also completed and handed over for the 
Cavalry, viz., a picket guard ‘Yoom and stabling for asquadron, A field officer’s 
quarters, a range of quarters for snbalterns, a plunge bath, and additional 
stabling for two squadrons are in course of construction. 

The Cavalry quarters are double-storeyed ; so, too, are part of those occupied 
by the Artillery; but no difference was observable in the health of men 


occupying upper and lower rooms. At Kamptee three of the Infantry blocks - 


were enlarged and improved in ventilation. The remainder are gradually to 
be remodelled on the same plan. 

Hospitals.—No change has occurred since last year in the buildings 
occupied, and, with the exception of the Infantry who are located under the 
same roof, each corps has its own separate hospital. 

Water Supply.—This is derived from numerous wells. In several, owing 
to the scanty rainfall, the supply ran short, but by judicious arrangements no 


REPORT FOR 1876. 181 
corps suffered any privation, the supply being equal to all ordinary require- Madras. 
ments. The use of plunge baths had however to be discontinued. 

Drainage.—Almost entirely surface. In the Infantry lines the waste water 
from tke ablution-rooms is directed into the soldiers’ gardens and used for 
irrigation purposes. At Kamptee, the swampy piece of ground referred to in 
last year’s report was in process of being drained when the floods set in, and 
temporarily arrested the progress of the work. 

Conservancy.—At Secunderabad, the modified dry-earth system is carried 
ont both in barracks and hospitals, with the exception of the barracks and 
hospital Royal Artillery, and the barracks of 2nd Battalion 16th Regiment. 

The excreta is carefully removed and buried over a mile from barracks. 

In the male hospital 2nd Battalion 16th Regiment, the latrine has been 
improyed by the construction of a latticed window. At Kamptee, the modified 
dry-earth system is effectually carried out in the Infantry barracks, but not 
in those of the Royal Artillery. Both corps have adopted it in hospital. At 
Seetabuldee, it is in use both in barracks and hospital. 

Improvements effected in 1876. — Secunderabad. — 16th Lancers. 
barrack block with offices completed and handed over on 4th August. Picket 
guard-room completed and occupied on 9th June. Excellent stabling for 
one squadron completed. Main well protected by a corrugated iron hood 
placed on iron supports. A pumping apparatus and cistern to hold 1,200 
gallons provided for same well. Well on west front of barracks deepened 
and faced with stone. 
Kamptee.—Three Infantry barrack blocks enlarged and improved in venti- 
lation. ‘These alterations are, stated to have lessened the temperature three 
degrees during the hot season. Spirit issue-room of canteen enlarged and 
ventilation improved. Six of the twelve cells in use with the Infantry have 
been thatched with a view to rendering them cooler. 

Seetabuldee.—Several minor details carried out for improvement of ablution- 
rooms. A roomy and well-ventilated cell provided for prisoners. 

Climate.—The chief points of interest in the climate of the different 
stations in the Burmah Circle, are noted in the following Table :-— 


No. 4 


Mean Highest Lowest Rainfall. 
Stations, Annual Monthly Monthly 
Temperature. Mean. Mean. - Days: | Fave! 
Rangoon 89° -80. April, 87°°6 _| Dec., 74°°65 151 97°30 
Thayetmyo ..|No instruments an Pe if ue a ie 
Tonghoo .. 80° 8S April, 88°‘95 | Dec., 70°°54 130 69°78 
Port Blair ..| No instruments aly v0 ve a ay 


—— a rieisennerenenenenER 


Barracks—At Rangoon, the same buildings were in use as in previous 
years. Two new bungalows for the Infantry, each capable of accommodating 
100 men were completed during the year ; a third one is in course of construc- 
tion, The married quarters of the Infantry are old, condemned, and reported 
to be out of repair, while those of the Artillery are said to be satisfactory in all 
respects. New cook-houses were provided for the latter during the year. 

At Thayetmyo no change occurred in the quarters occupied. The wocden 
hut now occupied by a small detachment of the Royal Artillery in the 
~ yedoubt, will be disused when the new quarters in the entrenchment are 
completed. The latter is to be single-storeyed, and will accommodate 80 men. 
At Tonghoo and Port Blair no changes requiring comment are recorded. | 

Hospital Accommodation.—At Rangoon, there has been no change in the: 
buildings occupied. ‘The Artillery and Infantry possess separate hospitals. 
The construction of new hospitals is said to bein contemplation. At Thayetmyo 
the sick of Artillery and Infantry are both accommodated in the same building. 
Although called a Station Hospital it is so in name only, the two corps being 
under separate medical charge, although accommodated under the same roof. 
The size of the building being barely sufficient for the accommodation of the 


Madras. 


182 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


sick, some rooms not originally intended for wards have beén used as such, and 
are rather defective in ventilation, but there has been no overcrowding, any 
sick over the regulation number being placed in an unoccupied barrack 
temporarily utilised as a supplemental hospital. The erection of a few 
subsidiary buildings, as apothecary’s and sergeants’ quarters, would do away 
with the necessity for using this supplemental building, The various offices 
connected with the hospital are reported satisfactory, with the exception of the 
mortuary, which is considered too small and too near the public road. Several 
minor improvements have been effected during the year, and are detailed in the 
abstract. ; 

At Tonghoo and Port Blair there have been no changes requiring notice. 

Water Supply.—Obtained from wells at all stations. At Rangoon, water 
for ablutionary purposes is occasidnally drawn from a tank. At Thayetmyo 


a scheme for supplying water from the Irrawady was in contemplation some 


time ago, but no steps appear to have been taken to carry it out. The supply 
everywhere has been sufficient and the quality good. 

Conservancy.—The modified dry-earth system is carried out at some stations 
only, viz. in the Infantry barracks and in all hospitals at Rangoon, at 
'Thayetmyo in the Artillery barracks only, whilst at Tonghoo it is adopted in 
all barracks but not apparently in hospital. Scarcity of labour and financial 
consideration appear to delay its general introduction. Elsewhere the old 
system is still pursued. 

Improvemenis—Rangoon.—Ground in vicinity of Infantry barracks in 
process of levelling to form a parade-ground ; drainage from Royal Artillery 
barracks cook-house improved ; Infantry barracks for 100 men each, with 
washouses, &c., completed during the year; a similar barrack in course of con- 
struction, another Infantry barrack, female hospital for Royal Artillery, and 
quarters for medical subordinates are to be commenced in 1877. 

Improvements recommended.—New barracks for the Troops, to replace the 
old ones still in occupation; new hospitals; repair of flooring of Artillery 
barrack ; latrines; removal of ablution rooms from beneath Infantry barracks, 

Several minor improvements in barracks and hospitals have been carried 
out during the year in Thayetmyo and Tonghoo. 

‘Introduction of dry-earth system into barracks and hospital; a new 
mortuary, the present one being too small and too near the public road; and 
several minor alterations and repairs both in barracks and hospitals. 

Improvements recommended.—Port Blair.Four new boats for the use 
of the men; erection of a gymnasium, fives’ court, and skittle alley ; window 
to be placed in the “ solitary cell” to improve the ventilation. 

Venereal Disease.—Che admission rate from this disease, including all 
varieties, primary and constitutional combined, shows.a decided increase as com- 
pared with 1875, the ratios for the two years being 89°20 and 108:16 respec- 
tively. The mortality, too, was less, viz., 1 against 5, or a ratio of ‘09 against 
“45 per mille of strength. 

‘The following Table has been prepared to show the prevalence of syphilis 
at the different stations in the Command during each of the five years 
1872-76, The year in which Lock Hospitals were established is also stated :— 


REPORT FoR 1876. 183 


Ratio of Admission for Syphilis per 1,000 
of Strength. 


Where Lock Hospitals existed :— 

Madras... a5 a5 ..| - 89°62 | 135°66 69°77 62°77 67°57 
Saint Thomas’s Mount .. ..| 58°65 | 100°82 76°27 42°86 97:99 
Trichinopoly, .. a ..| 29°96 | 10432] 68°75 | 41:28 64°51 
Bellax i a 4d ..| 174°83 | 201°76 | 305°36 | 266°52 | 224-18 
Bangalore. « Bf ye ..| ‘39°10 91°73 | 133:88 89°23 89°32 
Cananore Ad oe ep o LOLS 89°34 | 47°54 17-41 14:69 
Wellington oe #0 ..| 76°06 | 149°11 | 67°94 | 98:48 24°82 
Secunderabad... : 


‘ ..|° 110°87| 116-21 43°83 55°97 | 119°19 
Kampteeo .. ain Ain ..| 8142 | 18234 | 29045 | 132:33 87-09 


Seetabuldee 10000 | 65:22 | 282°61 21:28 | 212°77 
Rangoon .. a : ..| 10782 | 10065 | 65°37) 8441 98°57 
Thayetmyo ws is me 56°38 39°71 32°45 23:98 21°35 
Tonghoo .. si e -»| 12691 50°96 | 114-76 a a 


Where no Lock Hospitals existed : — 


Tonghoo .. ae 91°68 71:12 


Pallaveram f ios Be fs 32°26 86°36 $158 ae 
Poonamallee ae ix .«| 826°67 | 250-00 |. 185°30 | 171°87 | 285-71 
Ramandroog nia be er 96°15 | 468°41 | 41861 42°55 43°47, 
Calicut .. ah eer es 83°33 | 141°41 20:40 | 121-95 56°82 
Malleapoorum .. Meg ne kOe ee OS oh 37°50 10:31 

_ Port Blair. . ee =A ney 44°78 |. 102°86 rie 19°60 43°86 


Compared with 1875, syphilis fom bearing all its varieties) has notably 
decreased at every station in the Presidency Circle, likewise at all in the 
Mysore Circle, with the exception of Cananore ; also in the Hyderabad Circle, 
particularly at Kamptee. 

In the Burmah Circle, an increase is noted at all stations, particularly at 
Thayetmyo. . 

The total admissions for primary syphilis and gonorrhoea combined are less 
than in 1875, the respective ratios- being 13456 and 145:10 per mille of 
strength. 

These good results were attributed to the working of the Act, which 
appears not only to have lessened disease, but to have rendered the type less 
virulent, 

No special arrangements or facilities existat any station for nightly private 
ablution. In a memorandum submitted by me to Government on May 5th, 
1876, in connection with this subject, I suggested that means for private 
ablution should be provided in all registered brothels, and that in barracks 
“ Acton’s Jets” should be fixed, all soldiers arriving after hours being marched 
direct to the ablution-room before being permitted to go to bed. 


‘1876. 1875. 1874. 1873. 1872, 


* Madras. 


Bombay. 


184 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


II.—Bomsay. 


The average annual strength of the non-commissioned officers and men in 
the Bombay Command was 10,362; the admissions into hospital were 13,292, 
being in the rate of 1282°8 per 1,000 of the strength ; the deaths, including 
those of invalids on the passage or after arrival at home were 144, being in 
the rate of 13°90 per 1,000; the average number of men in hospital daily 
throughout the year was 509, being in the rate of 49°12 per 1,000 men, Com- 
pared with the preceding year there is a reduction of 89-0 per 1,000 men in the 
admission rate, of 805 in the death rate, and of 7:34 in the constantly sick 
rate. 

The admissions and deaths in each class and order of diseases, are shown 
in the following Table :— 


\ > 


a RR ES, 


a‘ ye Ratio per 1,000 of Mean 
oe cage eee as Strength. 
Deaths. 1876. 1869-75. 
Diseases. x a t : 
al a\ a ‘ = 
: Preece lohan ens 3 3 
# Q Enea ao “5 aS ; 
3 A Boke | oe) | geen 
HH (=) aq io} “a Pal 
6 te eh Oe | a < a < a 
I. General Diseases. 
1 | Febrile Group ..|5,181-) 23 | 1 | 24 | 500°0 | 2°32 | 636°8 | 5°09 
2 Constitutional ,, ../1,884 | 12) 6 | 18] 128°7 | 1°74 | 144-9 | 2-16 
II. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 
1 | Nervous System ee) 152"), VOL eee | DO R47 |. 296) 70s ea 
2 | Kye 3 “e bo tM se ionsit tare 226 os 26-2 aS 
3 | Bar a ats a BSiliocs uillie 75 oa 6°3 01 
4| Nose .. ee ae Dalieone haa = iinse ‘9 ; Bi see 
5 | Circulatory System ..| 167 | 11] .. | 11] 16:1) 1:06) 13-7 | 1:16 
6 | Absorbent “A Sills G220 bl tere lee anaes PART ee 2259 Nowe 
8 | Respiratory _,, «| 8641 TO} 2 }.11 F 85:1 | 1°06 | 42-9 “TE: 
9 | Digestive v3 .. | 2,222 | 38 7 | 45 | 214°4 |) 4°84 | 221-1 | 3°81 
10 , Urinary 5 tale ODO ree mall aye: manele 92°5 ae 84-1 "23 
11 | Generative a ee SO eae 8'3 Ne 10°7 ‘OL 
12 | Organs of Locomotion. . DA Gace ter wes oe Oa 4:5 | +05 
13 | Cellular Tissue.. Slee toae Deg aie eed -fan LO") A517 Oa haat 
14} Cutaneous System ..| 669]... [.. |... 646 ‘ fits ‘Ol 
III. Conditions, fe. 
Debility.. 9 »| 825 A SHG Nae 5 20°0 "03 
LV. Potsons °°), 8.) ORT BOBS te r9 po o294) Shae 
V. Injuries. 
2| Accidental .. ..| 999|15]|.. | 15] 96°4| 1-45] 89-0] -78 
3 | Homicidal AR FeAl etches aera lite al Ba . A =f ‘08 
4 | Self-inflicted .. ae 3) | Ocluar 6 3 58 re Nee: 
5 | Judicial... HA : Bo esa ane Ad = oa 07 
VI. Surgical Operations. De Sema leaan ata ey ; IE ‘O01 
No appreciable disease PATS |ealeai as LA 2 CRIS ag eee 
Total ..|18,292}128} 16 |144]J282:8 |13°90 {1489-4 |17 ‘38 
Average of 10 years ae ; RAG Kee 
See ee ee ee Tee ae 


aE 


REPORT FOR 1876. 185 


GuyurAt Disrasus.—The rate of prevalence of diseases in this class is lower Bombay. 
than in 1875 by 22:0 per 1,000 men ; the whole of the decrease is in the febrile 
group. The rate of mortality for the class is 6-96 per 1,000 men lower than 
in the preceding year, and the reduction amounts to 6'19 per 1,000 in the 
JSebrile, and to “77 per 1,000 in the constitutional group. 
The admissions and deaths caused by the principal diseases of this class, 
are shown in the following Table :— 


Strength oe ee ae 10,862 Ratio per 1,000 of Mean Strength. 


1876. ) 1869-75. 


; od | rg 
General Diseases. 2 2 8 
<x A a A | = 
Febrile— : 

Bruptive Fevers.. SA nt DG, Rives 1°5 ah 1:4 ‘05 
Continued ,, «. se» «| 924 | 171 89-2 | 1-64] 148-7 | 1°81 
Paroxysmal ,, .. as -.| 4,216 3.4 406 -9 29 1 481°:1 | 1°16 
Cholera .. es oe oe 5 2 5 19 3°0 | 1:98 
Influenza .. An a <i PT ine Gi 3 8 ais 
Erysipelas .. oe or ae uve 2 1°6 “19 1:3 04 
Other diseases of this group ois Zee are 2 ws i) 05 

Total aa ..| 5,181 | 24} 500-0 | 2-31 | 636°8 | 5-09 

Constitutional— 

Rheumatism. a ws A 839 32°7 Ah; 41-7 05 
Syphilis ae * os : 893 1 86 ‘1 “10 84:9 12 
Scrofula, Phthisis, &e. .. . 63 | 16 61 | 1°54 OBR 17k 
Scurvy and Purpura an Sa Bere 3 ae 6 07 
Anemia .. Se on : PAS rae ae 2°5 3 aD 05 
Other diseases of this group ed 10 1 1:0 “10 1:0 16 

Total te «| 1,334 18 | 128°7 1°74 | 144°9 2°16 


Eruptive Fevers.—13 of the admissions for fevers of this nature were from 
small-pox, 1 was from chicken-pox, and 2 were from vaccination. 

Continued Fevers.—For all fevers of this group together, there is a reduc- 
tion of 14°3 per 1,000 men on the rate of prevalence in the preceding year, 
and a reduction of *49 per 1,000 in the rate of deaths. Lnteric Fever.—There 
were 51 admissions for this form of fever, being in the rate of 4°9 per 1,000 
of the strength; the deaths were 17 in number, or 333°3 per 1,000 of the 
attacks of the disease, showing a decrease of 95:3 per 1,0C0 on the rate of 
deaths to attacks for the preceding year. The proportion of admissions for 
simple continued fever, and for febricula together, is a little lower than that of 
1875 ; no deaths were due to either of thcse forms of fever. 

Paroxysmal Fevers—The rate of prevalence is nearly the same as that for 
the preceding year, the difference (3'1 per 1,000 men) being in favor of the 
present year; the rate of mortality (29 per 1,000 men) is only one-third of 
the rate for 1875. 

Cholera.—This disease, which was present in an epidemic form, and caused 
a relatively large loss in 1875, caused only 5 admissions and 2 deaths in the 
present year, they took place in the second, and in the third quarters of the > 

ear. 
t Rheumatism.—The rate of prevalence is 10°9 per 1,000 men lower than in 
1875. 

Syphilis—There is a large increase, 15'2 per 1,000 men, in the rate of 

admissions on that of the preceding year. 


Bombay. 


186 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Scrofula, Phthisis, &c.—The rate of prevalence and also that of mortality is 
Iower than in the preceding year, the first by I'l, the last by :89 per 1,000 
men, facts which are of no particular significance, as‘ in these diseases the 
results are so much influenced by the amount of invaliding. 

Anemia—tThe rate of admissions is only two-thirds of that of the preceding 

ear. 
Locan Disuases.—Diseases of the Nervous System—The rate of admissions 
is 3'l per 1,000 men lower than in 1875, and the rate of mortality is less than 
one-third ; the last circumstance is due to the comparative infrequency of 
apoplexy, and of sunstroke, in the present year. 

The rate of admissions is lower than in the preceding year for diseases of 
the eye, ear, circulatory, absorbent, respiratory, digestive, and generative systems, 
for diseases of the cellular tissue, and of the cutaneous systems ; the most con- 
siderable reduction is in that of diseases of the digestive system, for which it 
amounts to 28°5 per 1,000 men ; for diseases of the winary system, and of the 
organs of locomotion, the rates of prevalence até slightly higher. The rates of 
mortality are fractionally higher-than-those of the preceding year for diseases 
of the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems. 

Conpirions, &o.—Debility—The rate of admissions is fractionally higher 
than in 1875. 

Potsons.—The rate of admissions is nearly the same as that for the 
preceding year; the rate of deaths is fractionally lower, 41 of the admis- 
sions were for delirium tremens, 48 for alcohol poisoning, 1 for poisoning 
‘by sulphate of zinc, 1 admission was for a snake bite, and 1 for sting by a 
scorpion. 

Ingzurins.—Aceidental—The admissions in this order are in a lower rate 
than in 1875, by 7-4 per 1000 men, but the rate of mortality is "48 per 1,000 
men higher. One of the deaths was from lightning, 5 were from drowning, 
2 from fractures, 6 from gunshot, and 1 was due to the impaction of a foreign 
body in the larynx. The 6 selfdnjlicted deaths, were by gunshot in each 
instance. 

The admissicns and deaths at the principal stations in the Command, are 
shown in the following Table :— 


Ratio per 1,000 of Strength. 
x Average of 
g x 3 10 Years, 
Military Stations: E j Bales f 1866-75. 
Divisions. PS. | oe FS os Te 
eles ete | sl glee 
Se | EH ig] 2 | dis 
Ea | 3 Ss ret S a 
4 shee et, iA be Bis ge 
(| Bombay .. ..| 506 11,043 | 4 | 2061°3) 7:91) 1474-1] 16°29 
Deolali .. ve EA OS eee ed ye TSS neha eee G6 
Baroda .. «| 214 833 | 8.7 1488-4) 14°22) .. aia 
Ahmedabad ..| 262 | 427 | 4 1 1626-0) 15:27) 2040-0) 28°76 
Presidency | Mount Aboo ..| 66 93) \ 005, P1106 “Ths oor | PS8OrE) W716 
f 
: Deesa «. ..| 689 | 667) 8} 968-1) 11°61) 1818°0} 17°35 
Aden ..  ..| 721 | 562] 11] 779:5| 15-26] 1040-3] 14°30 
Kurrachi ..| 677] 773) 6} 1141-8] 8-86) 15343] 18-81 
Hyderabad ..| 860] 792 | 5 | 2200-0] 13-90] 1827-0] 17°08 


REPORT FOR 1876. 187 


Nasirabad ..| 640} 955 | 13 | -2| 20°31] 1781 -6| 31°41 


Bombay. 


| Ratio per 1,000 of Strength. 
Average of 
beh m i 10 Years, 
Military ee ie ae ce ae 1866-75. 
Divisions. Stations. a Fuh ee ss Shah. ee 
oe oye) > ) 
oe | 2a) at = E 
sO 2) ot ro i rd 
ee oe | eb. 3 
eevamere to bag) a |S 
Poona .. | 1,308 | 2,087 | 21 | 1884-0) 13 -93]-1894°5| 12°57 
Kirkes) a, «.| 480), 555 } 84 -0| 18 -60],1318-5} 11°56 
Poona ..+|Abmednagar ..| 466 | 683] 3} “U| 6:44] 1148°4) 9°08 
Satara .. ..| 154| 117 0 1122-7) 12-28 
Belgaum .. ..| 989| 835] 7| 3| 7-08} 1008°0| 8-35 
(|Diow =... «.4 3,151 1,575 | 5 | -4| 4°84) 1578-9] 12°98 
Indore .. ve B68). £68 AWN) |) 1897-4) 12-90 
Mhow ..4 | Neemuch ..| 408 | 730 | 10 | -4| 24-81] 1986 +3] 28 ‘84 
a 


Assirgarh gals CABO BG oe I 2} .. | 1280-4) 11°44 


196 | 319] 9 | 1627°5) 45°92) 2389-6) 59°10 


Depéts, Sanita- 
ria, &... 


Troops on wee 


March, &e. .. 878 | 253) 21} 678°3) 5°36) 904-6) 12°30 


The rate of admissions is lower than that of the preceding year for each of 
the stations given in the Table except Deolali, Deesa, Hyderabad, Ahmednagar, 
Indore, and Assirgarh; in the instance of Deesa, and of Indore, the excess is 
not considerable, in that of Hyderabad, it amounts to 923°, and in that of 
Ahmednagar to 511: per 1,000 men. The exceptionally great prevalence of 
ague at Hyderabad in the last quarter of the year, accounts for the high rate 
of admissions there; the Medical Officer of the hospital states, that the 
outbreak of ague coincided in point of time with the drying up of the 
inundated lands adjoining the river, following recession into the usual 
channel, and that the Native population, as well as the Huropean, suffered 
greatly from ague. The excess in the rate of sickness for Ahmedabad, was 
also due to ague, but the Medical Officer of the detachment of the 1st Battalion 
Qnd Regiment stationed here notes that the men acquired ague at Colaba, 
and arrived at Ahmednagar in an extremely weakened state, and that their 
health was greatly improved by residence at the last-named place. 

The admissions and deaths, in the various classes and orders of diseases, in 
each division of the Command, are shown in the following Table :— 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


188 


Bombay. 


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REPORT FOR 1876. 


189 


Gunerat Diszases.—Compared with the preceding year there is an increase 
of 70:1 per 1,000 men in the rate of the Presidency Division, the whole of it 
oceurs in the febrile group ; with increased prevalence of diseases of this class 
however the death-rate is 4°58 per 1,000 men, or considerably more than half, 
lower. For each of the other Divisions, the rate of prevalence of general 
diseases is lower, whilst (as a consequence of the comparative absence of 
cholera) the rate of mortality is much lower. 

The admissions and deaths from the principal diseases in the febrile group, 
are shown in the fcllowing Table :-- 


Depots 
and Invyalids. 


Convalescent 


Troops on 
March. 


Mhovw. 


Depéts and | Presidency. 


Inyvalids 


Convalescent 


. 


Military Divisions... 


..{Presidency.| Poona. | Mhow. Psa 


Ratio per 1,000. 


196 


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“poyTupy Sy hee i) Seen lk 
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General Diseases, 


” Febrile— 


Eruptive Fevers 


5 


Se Spr euE Fare ° 
Sagan Ste rotons 
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Rheumatism .., 
Syphilis 


Scrofula, Phthisis, &c. 


Scurvy and Purpura 


ory 


Anemia’ 


g 5 
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5 


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Other diseases of this 
Total 


% «=«sroup 


Bombay. 


Bombay. 


190 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Evuptive Fevers—the rate of admissions for fevers of this nature is nearly 
double that of the preceding year; the increase is mainly due tothe presence 
of small-pox in two of the Divisions; in the first and second quarters of the 

ear. 
‘ Continued Fevers.—Compared witli the preceding year, the rate of adimis- 
sions is higher for the Presidency Division by 145 per 1,000 mex, and for the 
Mhow by 67°6 ; on the other hand the ratio for Poona is less by 109°6 per 1,000 
men. The rate of mortality of continued fevers, is: lower forthe Presidency 
and Poona, but is 3°45 per 1,000 men, or more than nine times higher for the 
Mhow Division. 

Enteric Fever.—The relation of enteric fever to locality and to season is 
shown in. the following Table, which has been compiled from the Quarterly 
Returns of the Command :— ; 


1st 2nd ~~ 8rd 4th’ Total 
Quarter.|-Quarter. | Quarter. Quarter. aan 
Divisions. Srations. , a ae eS < 
£ a es 2 & 
lg here | ee gk Rd 
P| ee Noe es OH rete il i feet ins ee |. arch Mites 
A | bees: [oS ie ies 
(| Bombay scosl cited tc rapetee |pseeel itlhseraue’ inbene ere TB]: LilieAl i 
|| Baroda .. 5 cell icopett wera spree liege 1 a rsa er 3 ih 
Presidency) | Ahinedabod ..| 1 | «+ wen aero Weg 1 3 1 
| | Hyderabad Rpllitate ) “| sayen fume ml (utole 3 Fak ier (here I ne 
|| Aden .. TH abet SF Yu Din 7a hy a i ot ke 2 ue 
Poona ..| Poona .. P| Nese 1 re | 2 1 | 10 4 
Mhow .. @ epeeenli seal teat fies Shs 2 ME vs Mee 
Mhow Neemuch piiline ie Sm ee alas Q| 2) 8) Spike q 
cae ae Nasirabad Real are celica DH ten taeants:s i aS Sr eihee 
Assirgarh Fell iat wall stout aes eon ere Vl ee 1 me 
a sh } Tarraghar giaaleracée.| esate cays fwsingial ATE Sere Ht penn ie na ee 
XC. . Bara assay (ia (ct LS ei MS) SS | 
Total ‘obi 28 Tila) 40) 26) & | eh 7 | Ad 17 


oe ———  ——— 


From the above it will be seen that the prevalence of cateric fever 
as in former years, had a wide area of diffusion, but not usually mucli 
intensity (as regards uumbers affected) at any of the places at which it 
appeared. The exception to this was in the instance of Neemuch, where 12 
attacks occurring in rapid, sequence, among the men of the E Battery of the 
4th Brigade Royal Artillery, constituted an outbreak of relative importance, 
and also one of some etiological interest. ‘The Medical Oflicer reports con- 
cerning it that all the men attacked were received from two of the three 
blocks of buildings occupied, and that the probable cause of the outbreak was 
the insanitary state of the latrine, used exclusively by the men residing imthe 
houses which furnished cases of the fever; he assumes that infection of this 
latrine must have taken place through the agency of an unrecognised first 
case, in which the disease was acquired from without; the men of the 
battery were in their second year of residence in India. . 

Paroxysmal Fevers.—The ratio of prevalence is higher than in 1875 for the 
Presidency, aud for the Poona Division, but is lower for the Mhow by 140: 
per 1,000 men. ; , 

The following Table, taken from the report of the Principal Medica! Officer; 
shows the proportional prevalence of paroxysmal fevers at the several stations 


REPORT FOR 1876. 191 


in the Command, arranged in the order of the greatest prevalence, in the Bombay. 


‘present and in the preceding year :-— 


Rate of Admissions Rate of Admissions 
per 1,000 of Strength. per 1,000 of Strength. 
Stations. Stations. 

1876. | 1875. 1876, | 1875. 
ida: AARON iat Be Sie Bae Hrsll 
Hyderabad = ..| 1356°5 622-3 || Indore.. a 2791 |. G76'8 
Bombay... ..| 1085°8 1058°6 || Kirkee | 2786 | 3196 
Abpa as a 750°'0 424.°5 Purandhar .. 239 ‘1 | 592'1 
Ahmedabad .. 709 “9 590°6 || Belgaum a 216°6 113-0 
Poona .. = 614-1 720°9 || Teethul MA 20°0 : 
Neenmuch Bip OURS 8A -4. | Kurrachi vel 1728 347 -0 
Almednagar .. 455 °3 90-9 | Deesa .. ue 171 °0 ; 119°5 
Ghizri .. ..| | 407°4 176-5 || Satara .. «| 163 °4 276°7 
Mhow .. ae 361°7 486°5 || Taraghur .. | 1386-4 500 0 
Nasirabod | 858-1 | 898-4 || Aden .. | 185-0 | 276-7 
Deolali .. Ne 356 6 115;9 || Assirgarh .. 116°3. | 271°7 
Baroda .. ae 303 3 134°8 Khandala #5 105 °3 | ee 


Cholera.—The attacks of this disease occurred at the following stations :— 
Kurrachi (1), Deesa (1), Ahmedabad (2), Poona (1). 

Rhewmatism.—Kach of the Divisions shows a reduction in the rate of 
prevalence on that of the preceding year, that for Mhow’(28°3 per 1,000 men) 
being the greatest. ; 

Syphilis.—The Presidency Division shows a reduction in the rate of preva- 
lence of 9-7 per 1,000 men, whilst each of the other Divisions shows an 
increase, that for Poona being 34°71, that for Mhow 8°3 per 1,000 men. 

Scrofula, Phthisis, éc.—The Presidency and the Poona Divisions, each 
show a small decrease on the rate of prevalence of the preceding year, the 
Mhow, a small increase, whilst the rate for Depdéts, is the same in both 

ears. | 
i Locat Disuises.—Diseases of the Nervous System.—Compared with the 
preceding year, the Presidency Division shows slightly higher rates of pre- 
yalence, and the Poona and the Mhow lower rates; the rate of mortality is 
much lower for each Division. 

Diseases of the EHye—Tke rates of prevalence are lower than those for 
1875, in the Presidency, and in the Poona Divisions, that for the Mhow, is 
higher by 3-7 per 1,000 men. 

Diseases of the Circulatory System—The rates of admissions in the various 
Divisions differ only unimportantly from those of the preceding year; in the 
present year the rate of the Poona Division, is much lower than that of either 
of the others, but in a comparison the-small number of observations deprives 
this result of any particular value. : 

Diseases of the Respiratory System—Compared with the preceding year 
there is a reduction in the rate of admissions for each of the Divisions, and 
also for Depdts; as in 1875 the rate for the Mhow Division exceeds that of 
either of the others. 

- n 2 


Naieie: Sen 


Bombay. 


192 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Diseases of the Digestive System.—The rate of admissions of the Presidency 
Division is 48°6 per 1,000 men, and that of the Poona is 58° lower than in the 


lower ; in the Mhow, a higher admission and lower death-rate coexist : the 
death-rate of Depots is double that of 1875. 

Diseases of the Urinary System.—The rate of admission is in the Poona 
Division lower by 22°6 per 1,000 men than in the preceding year, that for 
each of the other Divisions is higher, for Mhow, the increase amounts to 25°2 
per 1,000 men. ; 5 

Porsons.— Compared with 1875 there is an increase on the rate of admissions 
in the Presidency and in the Poona Divisons, a decrease in the Mhow. 

Ingunims.—Accidental—Huch of the Divisions shows a moderate reduction 
in the rate of admissions on that of 1875.2 ~~ >» 

The admissions, deaths, invaliding, and the number of constantly sick, in 
the several Corps which served in the Command during the year, are shown ine 
the following Table :— a 


193 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


Bombay. 


19-81 | 4-86 | Te-29 | 08-19 | 22-12 | 9-997 | TF-6FT | LPT] FS | GEE'S | SEE's | SteTTTY. Te4oy TRIO, 


| 
i 


‘1eSeupeuyy 48 pue ‘onutoayy | ZG.OL. | 99-91 | 48-Sh | 06-29 | S-ZL | O-FLST | Se-Z Zor « ke” ley tee 
“epomeg 4B pue ‘eoxtty | ZG-ZT | OL4-ST | 42-13 | 8T-ST | ZI-2T | ¢-8PPT | 9y-8 oie yo eee 
yourmny | g6-IL | 91-4E | 20-2 | 9-29 | $8-¢ | 8.Z8PT | F0-8 Wie kf ahem og, 


“Bqelop | SG-ST | ¥E-1TE | 96-98 | &9-0¢ ¢ 8- TPES | 28-9 64 4 erik see) 


‘mopy ye pue “eqvpog | G4-SL | PE-6L | 66-29 | S6-1S | 96-8 | 9-ZOFL | 80-F% g LL G64 a 

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“wepy | 04-9 | 80-41 | 88-4 ;{ 40-Lb | $G-€% | T-ZFOT | 10-4 Z cg « © «© & DIE 

‘uopy | 79-9L | G&L | Po-68 | °° | 99-ZT | 8-098 | OT-¢ T 64 Sh a ase UE 


“eqejoy | 6Z- ST | ST-2@ | 24-09 | 96-€F 9. OSPL | ¢¢-¢ 16 Me Sov agu i 1487. 


f 
“pequaseyy | 22-71 | 26-28 | 0-06 | 00-08 | 00-09 | 0-092 | sS-st | 2L|G6 | eee ost | “& “ “ & » 
‘TxVY oy} UO pur ‘peqepaurzy | 6.ST | 16-FZ | GZ-89 | ZB-SG | L4-TE | 9-O048T | 49-11 | OL] | 40e | oaT | “ Sf 8 a 
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“puqupounyy 7x pur ooqy yw ‘sjop wseaq | FO-T | T-2s | 69-09 |.94-18 | 62-9 | 9-9691 | 99-6 |&L|T | Ose | ost | “ “ a 
6 | 98s | 99L | WA She Ty “NEY 


‘ooyTT YT | O9-ST | FS-TS | €8-4E | 60-FE | 2O-ZL | V-T9ST | 99-6 v 


: “MOM | Z-9T | OF- 2S | OF 19 | 86-FFT | HL | 8-9LET | 47-8 | OS | T | OGT | SEL ee he: 
: } Axopgty estoy Lose 
‘eoytty | $9-ST | 16-96 | 20-24 | ZL-TSl | 94-8 | 8-289 | Sh-OL | Go| GL | HVE | SPL “sug Q ‘droyeq | 
‘AUGTIMLEY TVAOY 
otopuy 4B quouTYBjop B f MOTT | SE-6T | T8-4B | 69-S4 ‘88-88 | 1-ST | 4-8hL | 99-88 | 46 |9 | SE9 | THY ‘+ $* siessn pag 
‘sheq | ‘seq “XATVAVO 
CREST yet aig | coe | eek em | Gap heed Eh el ates ae 
eed|eeg| 22} 6 | 2 | ge | es | 2) 2) BE) Pe |. 
BEd | Bow | Fe 5 se | Buen} a Be| 3é& 
“IAT OT] SULINP sTOTyBIg See eso = g g z . 2 em & . ‘squoMMIsoy 
obi) eb ‘ i Ee ao a a 
es aan my = 8 
e P| pSueng yenmry Jo 00'T wed ony | ES Segoe 
ees 


: s "0G “99 PUBL ZL-EL | 68-Sl | FS-Sh | 78-66 Ss. ¢. LST | €9-SeE | 862) 78 ge9's| srs | ** Acquezuy [ej07, 
-Buyy Lop qjory “Yytesnissy pur otopay -| ———_- 

JB sjustTyozByjop + MOYTL PUY PLqvTse Ny | 22-01 | 21-20 || S&-S& | SI-9T || Th-% 6. 061T 

“spoisg pue ‘peqep 

-outpy ‘ooqy 4B sqyueurqovjep feseaq | 16.71 | 8S-FT | 96-68 TI-8h) | 0&-eL §-FL16 

 yaeseraey, 7B 

pus yontmea yy 4B JuSuITOBIOP fpeqvaistyy | ZZ-PL | 242-61 | 64-69 18-0 | 84-9 $- OSSL 

_ “eanqeg pus Aeqmog 4e syuemyoRy ; y 

-ap favseapemipy pur ‘vuoog ‘umnespq | 9Z- OL eg. eT 10-GF | 88-63 | OL- FT L- P6FT 


—--— 
T 


¢ | 118 | 189 |” ee “ WISOT 


Tr | ws | 68 |°° = “ples 
g | srt] s98 {°° : “1989 
GL | @461| Te8 }°° SS “ 199 
Gall CY. ieshae tet te “ mos 


‘peqwiepAyy qu quemyouqep § yonamty Z6-SI | 68-91 | 42-9F | 68-8 | O£-IT | 9-€I6L 
‘uepy {eT Arenaqa,g uo Tesueg | : 


wicaz puvuiumon Avquog oy} Ul pealoy 10-81 66-ZT | 09-8 | ¢8-Fe | 98-ET | ¥- Tes | $9-8T 


et |4 | se | reo |** °° som Mss 


“Yous pUZ UO puvpsugy IoF Jol Suepy | 40-1S | Th-S 70: ST ey 18-91 | 9-092 | 64-T “1S | Te 61 |** “ wee“ pug 
“YaRS.Assy JG JUIUITOBJOP YFLAL “MOTT : 
£AOQUIOAONT YJ UO puLpsug ULOIz PoaTLry | $F. 6 66-6 06- £6 08-6 6-066 | 49-6 SU) fer Gee es 9 aa i | ie “ m4“ pus 


‘epoirg jv pus pequpeuyy 


qe sjusurpoujep {wsoog pus ‘euoog | oF. eT | 18-FT | e2-08 | 48-2E | Se. FT | $-OTTT te-9¢ | 62| et] 966 | 968 |°° “ wWST“ pus 


eg] or |.¢s4 | 188 |°° “ ws “ pus 


runesjag pus ‘euoog | eg.41 | 4Z-¢T | T8-8h | 91-09 | $€-IL | 0-168 | 09-8€ 
“BIRJVS JB PUL VGBlOD 7B 


squsUyoRjep fRUOog 4 pure ‘aeseupomGy | ¢e.FL | Z-1S | VI-8S | 44-6E | -GT | & COFL | FRIIS | 6G} IT L6z‘'T| ¢88 |** 300M PUS “HVE 98T 


“RELNVANT 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


‘oy ¥ os a me tr os et. Zz OF ‘* SUGINIONY TYAOF 
a oa a ey =) a ae SES > & 
mod | mae mg = S a $4 ans me | we 
2a oe a = i 5 SR 2 = 5 oat 
Sof SES Sit = : ze as e |? SE] Bs 
Fee | Fee 5 = 2 S08 4B oF 1e8 ae 
“Irak OY} SutmMp suoryjeyg s$o 188, zs a. is SB 2 & Be | oy = Ss] LOUISE YT 
ZOE es * ‘ : aE Pr PE 
& Ea Taal G mE s oc 
~~ se “yySueg Penuay Jo QoOT wd HY | Bs a > 
for) me 5 are 
= = 


Bombay 


fou 
t=} 


195 


dence in the Command (or in India) Bombaye 


fferent corps, are shown in the fullowin 


i 


. 


1 


gth of res 


REPORT FOR 1876. 


6S:PE 


61-83 


0-ST 


80-09 


66-07 


16-0F 


61-69 


$8-99 


18-P 


OGIT |: $818 | 8T-98 


ee ee 


96-8 4-986 | 98-1 | 64 | OT | 68T'T} S08'T | sxe OT soo { 


‘gp-2t | ¢.copt |s-19 | 62 | 11 | 262°T| gs 


18-91 9-093 | 64:1 


GS-61 O-0FFL | €1-98 | 98 


8I-8T T-8é6T toe 8 


84g | g.0set | 99.9% 


¥6-9r | 9-88ST | 20. st 
es-It | 0.168 jo9se 


$2.08 | 8-LEST t $F-FT1 


6 | 1g 6IT 


SL | $90°S| FEF T 


| €% | SELS| SPAT 


Ze | Sets} 1Z0's 


2} 100 | 20b 


The relation between len 


JO 9suyQ Yoo Jo 
WOURIM(, osBIOAW 
“LOPTOS Yoro 07 
9UIT} YOIG osRAOA 


and the results as to health of the d 


Table :— 


AES 
Apurjsuop 


“qysuaryg [UULY JO QOO'T rad oqey 


WEP MAUL 


ks E = 
2 | B |ES4 
Ss | Fr og 

fu eS 

. ay 

£8 

st 

a § 


‘POpyeaUy 


o| El a2 
@ lea} RB 
Bl oe. | og 
Mm ct one 
So | eo 
=o, | 
=] ct 
= Ep 
" i=} 
5 r=} 
ao ae © 


‘ 
f 


(wIpuy ‘ur 20) 
} pusuintoy og ur 


eOLteg jo wax 


ce WASOT 
** goog Wee 


oo 


"Joo pug “38q 98T 


roca: oid “qq pug 


. “ “ 16 
“wy ‘oprsug 39 
3 saussnyy pag 


ve & preg 
"+ ++ goo Tagg 
“+ #* g00a 9s 
ie me 
“PHY opeaag 9 


"900 HA “79g pug 
17007 wast ‘ ‘Veq Pus 
‘Wey ‘opesug Wp 


jog TILT “HVE pug 


‘op ‘sqyuomIseqy 


et ATL EE AS TLL LLL 


Bomoay. 


* 


196 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Officers. 


The average annual strength of the Officers serving in the Command was 
364, the attacks of sickness among them were 252, the deaths in India, were 
5, the number invalided was 54; the proportions given by these numbers are 
for attacks of sickness 692, for deaths 13°71, and for invaliding 14836 per 
1,000 of the strength respectively. 

The deaths were caused, by enteric fever (2), remittent fever (1), 
hepatitis (2). : 

Women. 


The average annual strength of the wives of the non-commissioned officers 
and soldiers was 1125; the admissions were 904, the deaths (in India) were 
17. The proportions given by these numbers are, for admissions 803°6, and 


' for deaths 15°11 per 1,000 of the strength respectively ; both are more favour- 


able than the rates of the preceding year. The greatest number of admissions 
is that for diseases of the febrile group, 216 being for ague ; diseases of the 
digestive system, ave in the proportion of 167° per 1,000 of the strength (that 
for non-commissioned officers and men being 214°4 per 1,000). The cases of 
abortion were 10, and (not included in the admissions stated above) there 
were 289 admissions for childbirth. The deaths (which occurred in India) 
were due to smallpox (1), remittent fever (1), cholera (1), apoplexy (2), diseases 
of the heart (2), pneumonia (2), dysentery or diarrhoea (5), debility (1) ; two 
deaths were consequent on the puerpural state. 


Children. 


In an average annual strength of 2,389 children of non-commissioned 
officers and men, there were 1,359 admissions into hospital, and 102 deaths 
in India (exclusive of 5 deaths of premature children), being in the annual 
rates of 568:9, and of 42°70 per 1,000 of the strength respectively ; the death- 
rate is 52°77 per 1,000 lower than that for 1875 ; this reduction is partly due 
to the comparative absence of cholera in the present year, but, mainly, to the 
much legs fatal character of illnesses of diseases of the digestive system. The 
admissions for erwptive fevers were 20 in number, for enteric fever 5, for 
paroxysmal fevers 284, for cholera 1. As in the preceding year there was no 
admission for phthisis, but for mesenteric tabes, there were 11 admissions. 
Diseases of the nervous system gave only 18 (or adding those returned in another 


order under the head of teething), there were 118 admissions. Diseases of the 


eye, caused 190 admissions, of which all but 1 were from conjunctivitis ; the 
rate of admissions for diseases of this order, 79° per 1,000, is more than three- 
fold higher than that for the men. Diseases of the digestive system (exclusive 


of teething), caused 248 admissions, being in the rate of 103'8 per 1,000 of the 
strength. For general debility there were 128 admissions. The deaths were © 


due to enteric fever (1), simple continued fever (4), paroxysmal fevers (5), 
hereditary syphilis (1), tabes (2), anzemia (1), hydrocephalus (1), convulsions 
(14), laryngitis (1), bronchitis (6), pneumonia (4), atelectasis (1), teething (22), 
enteritis (1), dysentery (6), diarrhoea (18), ulceration of bowel (1), jaundice (1), 


debility (6), burn (3), drowning (1), suffocation (1). 


SANITARY REPORT, 


Surgeon-General Stewart reports :— 

Barracits.—At Colaba, the old dept barracks referred to last year have been 
abandoned, and the occupants removed to one of the new barracks vacated by 
Artillery. 

At Baroda, the barracks are old, and defective in general construction. 

At Poona, some of the old Ghorpoorie barracks are-to be replaced by new 
ones. 

At Nasirabad, of the three barracks occupied by the Royal Artillery, the 
old barrack is reported to have given a larger proportion of admissions from 


fever than either of the other two. This is attributed to defective con- 
struction. , 


REPORT TrOR | 1876. U9F 


At Deolali, during the trooping season, the barrack accommoJation has to 
be supplemented by tents. 

At Ahmedabad, new barracks have been constructed, 

At Deesa, the barracks are old and faulty as regards general construction. 

Cells.—At Deesa, the cells are reported of insufficient cubic space, and are 
enclosed by a wall seven feet high which obstructs the breeze. 

At Aden, the site of the garrison cells is reported too crowded by other 
buildings, especially by the Native General Hospital with its outhouses. 

Guard Rooms, Aden—At the main pass, a new guard-room was completed 
at the beginning of the year. At the Isthmus, the guard-room affords too 
little accommodation, the floor space per man being stated as 25°71 square feet, 
and the air space as 379 cubic feet only. The men have therefore to sleep in 
the verandahs, At Steamer Point, too, the amount of space per man in the 
guard-room has been reported as greatly deficient during the year, though less 
so than at the Isthmus. 

At Baroda, also, the guard-rooms are represented as too small. 

Drainage.—At Ahmednagar, the drainage pipes connected with Royal 
Artillery barracks are reported to be defective, requiring to be trapped where 
they communicate with the barracks, and to have their distant outlets moved 
further from the buildings. 4 

At Aden, surface drainage at the Isthmus is said to be required. 

Ventilation—This has on the whole been satisfactory. At Nasirabad, in 
the single-storeyed Artillery barrack referred to above, the ventilation of the 


leeward room is reported defective, receiving the exhalations from the wind- 


ward room, 

Warming-—Artificial warming is not required at most cf the stations in 
this Presidency. 

At Aboo, wood fires are allowed during December, January, and February. 

Laghting.—Complaints as to the lighting of the barracks are very general, 
the kerosine lamps referred to in last year’s report not having been as yet 
supplied. bs 

Flooring.—At some stations there are still objectionableearthen floors, as 
in the married quarters at Kirkee, Ahmednagar, and Kurrachi. 

Ablution and Bath Accommodation. —On the whole this has been satisfac- 
factory. In the Infantry barracks at Ahmednagar the want of privacy in the 
arrangement for bathing. is remarked upon by the Acting Deputy Surgeon- 
General. j : 

Latrines.—The dry-earth system of conservancy is everywhere in use 
except at a few stations where dry earth is not available in sufficient quantity, 
and disinfectant powder has to be used. Difficulty is experienced in getting 
the men always to place earth in the pans before leaving the latrines. 

Urinals—The urinals are generally iron receptacles placed in detached 
erections of a temporary nature, freely ventilated. 

Water Supply.—The water supply has generally been good and abundant. 
Macnamara’s filters have not yet been furnished to the troops, but their 
purchase has been sanctioned. 

At Nasirabad, the supply continues to be from the Dilwara well, and the 
quality of this single source has been suspicious during the year. 

Dieting.—The rations on the whole have been very gocd. Beef is issued 
on five and mutton on two days each week, one pound per man, an amount 
which several medical officers think should be increased. 

Cooking.—The usual Indian plan is generally adopted ; at some stations 
Dean’s apparatus is also in use, the cooks, however, do not like them, assigning 
as their reason that the fuel is insufficient. 

Clothing.—The clothing is well suited to the climate. 

Duties—tThe usual routine of duties has not been prejudicial to the health 
of the troops. At stations where gymnasia exist, gymnastic exercises have 
been favourably reported upon. 

Fospitals.—The position of the station hospital at Colaba is bad, being on 
low ground, and to leeward of, and shut in by, the Artillery barracks, 

At Ahmedabad, one of the new Artillery barracks is being fitted up as an 
hospital. 

Kt Wanowrie, the site and plan of the hospital are reported defective. 


Bombay. 


Bombay. 


198 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


During the year several minor improvements about this hospital have been 


carried out. 
At Deolali, during the trooping season, the hospital accommodation is 


inadequate, and has to be supplemented by tents. 


‘At Neemuch, the Artillery hospital has been vacated, and the sick received — 


into the Infantry hospital. 

‘At Mhow, a new female hospital for the cavalry has been built. 

Venereal.—1. Under Bombay Act, No. 3 of 1867, sect. 1, lock hospitals: 
exist at the following stations: Deolali, Ahmedabad, Dessa, Aden, Kurrachi, 
Poona, Kirkee, Ahmednagar, Belgaum, Mhow, N eemuch, Nasirabad. 

9. In the ablution rooms at several stations a special closet, with a special 
supply of water, is set apart for private ablution. 

3. There was nothing specially noteworthy regarding the prevalence of the 


| disease during the year. 


a 


; 
q 


REPORT FOR 1876. . 199 


Section II. 
On the Extent of Invaliding. 

2,286 non-commissioned officers and men were invalided from India, being in 
the proportion of 38:98 per 1,000 of the strength, which is 7:26 per 1,000 men 
lower than the rate of the preceding year. For the Bengal Command the rate 
Ye by 463; for the Madras by 9°85, and for the Bombay by 142) per 

The classes and orders of diseases for which the men were invalided from 
the three Commands, are shown in the following Table :— 


Invalids sent home from— Invalids 
from India 
sees : discharged 
Station .. ce ..| Bengal. Madras. | Bombay. the Service. 
5 
& Strength. 4s as | 87,147 11,132 10,362 | 58,641 
I. General Diseases. 

1 | Febrile Group .. i 82 10 48 we 

2 | Constitutional ,, ...° 4. 260 93 85 314 
II. Local Diseases. 
Diseases of the— 

1 | Nervous System me a “87 43 22 4& 
2 | Eye .. oe +. Sc 16 4 10 35 
3.4 War’... ais he . 12 2 8 25 

4 | Nose.. ae fe A 1 ane 
5 | Circulatory System .. 5 173 34. | 31 275 
6 | Absorbent tne « . 3 1 
8 | Respiratory ,, .. 5a 55 UD 12 43 
9 | Digestive .. 5) «+ 7 328 156 102 153: 
10 | Urinary AME i's a 14 4 7 17 
11 | Generative Air na te 6 2 3 & 
12 | Organs of Locomotio Falk elt eh, 3 5 26. 
13 | Cellular Tissue ois ais 3 2 1 2 
14 | Cutaneous System ..  .. 8 3) 6 12 
III. Debvility of 248 102 | 132 207 

V.. Injuries. 

2 | Accidental .. ty ne 22 v4 32 
VI. Surgical Operations. 3: | . 1 i 
Total as ete 1,326 | 478 482 1,202 


42°94 46 -52 
49°85 37-99 


Ratio per 1,000 of [1876 ..| 35°69 
Strength .. | 1866-75] 44°03 


In the Bengal Command, diseases of the febrile group, give a materially 
higher rate of invaliding than in the preceding year ; diseases of the digestive 
system are also in a higher rate. For diseases of the circulatory system, there 
is a decrease consequent on the smaller number of men sent home for palpita- 
tion. The most material reduction is for debility, which mainly determines the- 

~ reduced :rate for the Command. 

The decrease in the rate of invaliding of the Madras Command on that of 
1875 is contributed to in a small extent by the smaller number of men sent 
home for diseases of the circulatory system, but is mainly the result of the 


India. 


9 


200 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 
India. comparative infrequency of invaliding for diseases of the digestive system. A 


considerably larger number of men were invalided for debility. ; 
For the Bombay Command the decrease in the rate of invaliding on that of } 
the preceding year, is contributed to by nearly every group of diseases. 


- Section III. 
. Mean Daily Sick. 


The average number of non-commissioned officers and men always ineffective 
from sickness in Bengal was 2,060, in Madras 561, and in Bombay 509. 

The usual information, calculated from these numbers, is given in the 
subjoined Table :— } be aba 


Ratio per 1,000 constantly Sick .. 54°43 

Average sick Time to each Soldier. . 19 ‘87 

gee Duration of each Case of } 14°33 13-91} 14°39 
ickness ae a is 


Section IV. 
On the influence of Age on Mortality. 


The ages of the Troops serving in India, arranged in quinquennial periods, 
and the deaths at each age, are shown in the following Table :— 


20 and 25 and 30 and 35 and 40 and 
Under 20. | under 25. | under 30. | under 35. | under 40. | upwards. 
Fe a a FI a a 
-) is & y & a & Sp =) 
& 9 aS) Ras as) a8 &8 
oe .|s8 .| 88 .| 8s . | ss - | 3B . 
pa || ba |a|64|2 | 54 |g | 541g | 54 |g 
B NB | SAB ee ar 8 | St eames 
Bengal ase «| 704], 5 |11,335 | 141 }12,100 | 184 5,897 | 119] 4,848 | 96/1,227 | 62 
Madras... «| 855 | 4] 3,410] 38} 8,223] 53/2,013 | 35/1,716 | 31) 411 20 
Bombay ... «| 145] 8 | 2,932} 35] 3,505] 40/1,784 | 18|1,438 | 29] 341 | 15 
Total ... —_«..| 1,204] 12 |17,676| 214|18,828| 277 | 9,694 | 172 |8,002 |156| 1,979 | 97 
Ratio of deaths per 
a ey of Strength, 9°98 12°11 14°71 17-74 1950 49°01 
1876 a ase 


Ditto, 1866-75 ...) 8°28 16-08 19 65 28°3l . | 36°61 56°69 


Il 


REPORT FOR 1876. 201 


XIV._ON THE HEALTH OF THE TROOPS ON BOARD SHIP. 


é 


STATISTICAL REPORT. 


The troops embarked on board ship during the year, as shown by the Zroops on 


returns received in the Army Medical Department, were :— Board Ship’ 
I, Corps, and Drafts for Corps, Brocgeting on. service 
abroad Bes oe eg LX OEs§ 
II. Corps returning from ‘abroad ea Say SOLS 
III. Do. or Detachments, passing by sea from one 
Command to another Seis Ses uae wo 4,378 
IV. Invalids returning to England ee. ve wu 2,061 


I. Troops PROCEEDING oN ForEIGNn SERVICE. 


11,505 non-commissioned officers and men, giving an annual average 
strength of 994, embarked for service abroad during the year ; amongst them 
there were 381 admissions into hospital, and 1 death, being in the ratios of 
383°3 and of 1°01 per 1,000 of the strength respectively. 

The classes and orders of diseases by which the admissions and the deaths 
were caused are shown in the following ‘Table :— 


¢ 


Stations. To all Stations Abroad. 


No.of N.-C. O. and men Embarked. 11,505 
Average Annual Strength .. a 994 
Ratio per 
1,000. 
S 
. Diseases. 2 Batis f 
: i |S pee) & 
9 | Ald A 
I. General Diseases. 
1 | Febrile Group .. a PRO eel ieter So) 2a|as « 
21 Constitutional ,, ... ea wel) 95 |) 95°6 te 
II. Local Diseases. 
1 | Neryous System .. ne ae Dainllhase i ae 
2| Hye .. ve fl socal Re TEeee fee LES Ure 
6 | Absorbent System . Ar as Foie | yall eases h me 
8 | Respiratory ,, ae ce Pea meee ian te yi» (i 
9 | Digestive 6 Ae 48 salp (OS.0 lias OS aia” 3 
OU INA Je sce | chee Pale SAe De omieOAueid|| sas 
11 | Generative ,, .. ve Ae 2 ra ODN re 
12 | Organs of Locomotion ors 35 FA on Oil vars 
13 | Cellular Tissue - oe Rell ote Be ikesiee 3 
14 | Cutancous System .. sn <2) 49) slo. 6.)|, 4933 
ET. eels ge 
Debility os : os gS al ac 40]... 
V. Injuries. & 
2 Accidentai .. a as Bich eects) 1 | 38°2 |} 1°01 
Mota... as sits -.| 381 1 |383°3 | 1-01 


Lroops on 
Board Ship. 


202 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


The rate of admissions is 50°7 per 1,000 lower thanhe corresponding one 
of the preceding year ; that of deaths is nine-tenths lower. 

7,747 of the troops embarked proceeded to India, and 3,753 to other 
Commands; the admission rates for the two bodies are 357°6 and 460°3 per 
1,000 of the strengths respectively. ; 

_ Geyerat Disnasus.— Diseases of the Febrile Group—The rate of prevalence 
of diseases in this group is nearly the same as that of the preceding year; one 
admission only was due to an eruptive fever. Enteric tever, caused one 
admission on the voyage of H.M.S. Malabar to Bombay. : 

Diseases of the Constitutional Group, are in a higher rate of prevalence than 
in 1875, owing mainly to an increase in the numbers of admissions for syphilis. 

Diseases of the Respiratory System.—The rate of admissions is less than one- 
fourth of the corresponding rate of 1875 ; no death was due to any disease in 
this order. ' 

‘ ft ipa death in this class was from a fracture of the 
skull. : yeas eS 
Il. 'Troors RETURNING From ABROAD. 

The number of effective troops embarked for England, from stations abroad, 
was 8518 non-commissioned officers aud men, giving an annual average. 
strength of 713. The admissions into hospital were 297, and the deaths 6, | 
being in the ratios of 416-5 and of 8°41 per 1,000 respectively ; the first is a | 
little lower (50 per 1,000) than the corresponding rate of the preceding year, | 
the death rate is 3°57 per 1,000 men higher. | 

The admissions and deaths in the various classes and orders of diseases are 
shown in the following Table :— . 


From all Stations Abroad. 
No. of men Embarked .. a 8,518 
| Average Annual Strength ie 713 
| Ratio per 
| 1,000 
Diseases. < | iF 4 
T. General Disecses. ad sane | 
1. Febrile Group .. 97 185-0 | 1°40 
2 Coastitutional _,, re BEN (ates . | 309) o. 
II. Local Diseases. | 
Discases of the— 
J Nervous Systein he Ae ee 2 2°8 oe 
B.. He a; ae es vd ne 5 7-0 at 
6 , Absorbent System .. Pe Bie ss 84) os 
8 | Respiratory ,, , 35 4) 49-1 | 5°61 
9 | Digestive - fed ; ee | Ad. GBF | on 
10 | Urinary ss et a are A DB 4) ave 
11 | Generative —,, ee Pre : 3 We?) oe 
13 | Cellular Tissue ee me ed 8 11-2 ee 
14 | Cutaneous System .. 5 3 20 : 281 we 
III. Conditions. 
Debility ae +0 i Arle) as 15 °4 55 
IV. Poisons .. AR 3 Bi ADE tele 
V. Injuries. - 
2 | Accidental .. “4a ae or| 24 1 | 33-7 | 1-40 
— SS ¢ 
Reinke be iicap.. os oath e207°) ed asecel Boat 


REPORT FOR 1876. _ 203 


Guxeran Disvasus.—febrile Group.—tThe rate of admissious is two-fold Zroops on 
higher than that of the precediag year, Paroxysmal fevers, caused nearly the Board Shipe 
whole of the adinissions in this group; the death was due to remittent fever. 

Diseases of the Respiratory System.—Most of the admissivns in this order 
were on account of bronchitis, but the small number returned makes it 
probable that only the severest cases of the disease were included. Two 
of the deaths were caused by pneumonia, both being those of men returning 
from India; one death, attributed to pulmonary apoplexy, was that of a man 
returning from Mauritius, 

Diseases of the Digestive System.— The rate of admissions is only fractionally 
different from that of the preceding year. 

Ixsurtus.—Accidental.—The death in this order was by drowning. 


ILI. TRoors pro‘repine zy Sra rrow oNE Sration ABROAD TO ANOTHER, 


4,378 non-commissioned officers and men (white troops) were embarked, 
giving an average annual strength of 176. The admissions into hospital were 
62, being in the proportion of 352°3 per 1,000 of the annual strength ; 1 death 
occurred, being in the proportion of 5°68 per 1,000 men, : ® 
The classes and orders of diseases, by which the admis ious were caused, 
are shown in the following Table :— 


| White Troops. 


Strength embarked a ae 1,378 
Average Annual Strength “fy 176 
Ratio per 
1,000 
: pe 
Diseases. (ee ed 
Ps i a ale ee 
3 3 eee 
ne: | a = me | 8 
o ,s) A 4 !@a 
<< Se a a 
IT. General Diseases. . | 
1 | Febrile Group .. 19} 1 |l07°9 | 5-68 
2 | Constitutional ,, .. Glare Poa Oee oe 
\ 
TL. Local Diseases. | | 
Diseases of the— | | 
1 | Nervous System  .. set eeL ints 
2| Bye... AG Ms ee ae ese | kD 
6 | Absorbent System .. Brett sont | 11-4 
5 Respirtory 45, 2h 11-4 
9 | Digestive . 9 || | 61-1 
10 | Urinary si ae baal 
Lt) Generative ss | 2] 11:4 | 
12! Oreans.of Locomotioi . ..) 1 5-7 
13 Cellular Tissue. . hock nd | 5°77 
11 | Cutaneous System .. guleet | TL 4 
Ill. Conditions. | 
Debility ie re oles Ol Paces 57 
; | 
IV. Poisons .. Sec ws Seas ia : 
V. Injuries. | 
2 | Accidental »»| 9 51-1 C 
Geneval Total ../ 62 | 1 [362-3] 5 68 
a ES 


204 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Troops on Frsritn Drsuases.—The death in this group was dué to simple continued 
Board Ship. fever; in the course of the illness hemorrhage from the bowels came on, and 
was the proximate cause of death. 


TV. INVALIDS RETURNING TO ENGLAND. 


The number of invalids embarked for England was 2,361, giving an annual 
average strength of 221 non-commissioned officers und men. There were 27 
deaths amongst the invalids at sea; as in former years, they have been added 
to pe of the troops in the various Commands from which the men were 
invalided. : 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FoR 1876. 205 


APPENDIX. 


_————— 


. APPENDIX Ne. I. 


REPORT ON THE PROGRESS OF HYGIENE FOR THE YEAR 1876 
AND PART OF 1877. 


By F. de Cxaumonr, M.D., Surgeon-Major, Professor of Military Hygiene, 
“Army Medical School, Netley. 


Durine 1876 and the present year there has been continued activity in 
hygienic matters, although nothing of any special kind can be cited as making 
the period exceptionally remarkable. 

The points I may select for remark are the following :— 

I. Legislation. 

II. The Work of Societies, &c, 
Til. Literature. 
IV. Special Points of Hygiene. 

In this last division I shall take up a few points of interest, so far as time 
and space allow. 


I. Legislation. 


On this point there is but little to he said. With the exception of a few 
amendments on the Public Health Act of 1875, the attention of the Legislature 
has been but little directed towards the subject of State Hygiene, the only Act of 
importance being the Rivers Pollution Prevention Act, which had been delayed 
from the year before. ‘This Act provides for the prevention of four sources of 
pollution, viz., 1, putting solid refuse into streams; 2, passing sewage into 
streams ; 3, poisonous, noxious or polluting fluids from factories ; and, 4, solid 
or liquid matter from mines which is poisonous, noxious or poiluting or inter- 
feres with the flow of the water. Various saving clauses are inserted, such as 
certain restrictions on proceedings under the third and fourth heads, so as not 
to interfere unduly with industrial interests, and also reservations for channels 
already chiefly used as sewers, provided the best means of purifying the 
effluent. waters be adopted. Under the Act both tidal waters and the sea may, 
under certain circumstances, be deemed streams, for the purposes. of the Act. 
The Act extends, with modifications, to the United Kingdom generally. A 

ood réswmé of its provisions, with explanations, has been published by 
r, A. Glen.* Such sae 

A short Act of some importance was passed towards the end of the Session 
1876-77, enabling proprietors, under certain circumstances, to charge their 
properties for the purpose of collecting and storing water for the supply of 
villages, &c. 

Experience shows that several parts of the Public Health Act of 1875 
require amendment, which will no doubt be carried out gradually. One point 
appears desirable, viz., an equalising of powers, and doing away with the 
distinction between urban and sanitary districts. As guides to the working and 


* “The Law as to the Pollution of Rivers.” By A. Glen. London, Knight 


and Co. 
0 


PAG eda ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


understanding of the law relating to public health, I nfay note the works of 
W.C. and A. Glen,* of Chambers,t of Saunders,¢ of Lumley,§ and others. 


Il. Work of Societtes, &c. 


The Congress at Brussels (in connection with the Exhibition of Sanitary 
Appliances and Life-Saving Apparatus) which took place in the autumn of 
1876, afforded a gond instance of the great interest in hygienic matters that has 
been awakened of late years. ‘The Congress opened on the 27th September, 
ander the auspices of the King of the Belgians, and lasted for eight days, during 
which time a number of papers were read and many objects of interest discussed. 
It was attended by a large number of persons from all countries, either directly 
or indirectly connected with. hygienic questions, Among the subjects discussed 
were ventilation and hospital construction, water supply, help to the sick and 
wounded in time of war, amelioration of the—condition of the labouring 
lasses, &c. pe Nene = 

‘The exhibition itself was a very extensive one, including contributions from 


most European countries. Although there was notlting presenting any very - 


special novelty, yet most of the improved sanitary appliances were repre- 
‘sented. The section devoted to ambulances, &c., was very complete, and has 
been reported upon in detail by Professor Longmore. In the French and 
German sections there were very complete plans and models, showing the new 
works for the drainage and water supply of the chief great cities, such as Paris, 
Berlin, Leipsic, &c. In the city of Brussels itself the improvement produced 
by an amended system of drainage’ is well seen, the sewage being no longer 
discharged into the Senne, but carried through the city by a magnificently con- 
structed sewer, which the members of the Congress-had an opportunity of 
personally inspecting. The entire absence of offensive smell was notable, and 
the arrangements for dealing with the storm-waters seemed ingenious and 
effectual. 

One thing in the exhibition, that struck me as curious, was a whole bay in 
the German section devoted to anti-vaccination literature and statistics. 

There wasa very complete series of models, plans, papers, &c., on the subject 
of cremation, principally from Germany and Italy. 

In this country the Society of Arts continues, by means of its meetings, 
conferences, lectures and publications, to do much towards advancing sanitation. 

A new association has been started under the title of “The Sanitary 
Institute of Great Britain,” the first meeting of which was held in July in the 
theatre of the Royal Institution in Albemarle Street, under the presidency of 
the Duke of Northumberland. An eloquent inaugural address was given by 
Dr. B. W. Richardson, F.R.S. The object of the institute is to diffuse as widely 
as possible information on sanitary objects, to hold meetings and congresses in 
various parts of the country, to examine and grant certificates of competency 
to surveyors and inspectors of nuisances, and to further legislation and State 
influence for sanitary improvements. Its first provincial congress takes place 
at Leamington in October next. ‘I'wo similar associations have likewise been 
founded in France, “La Société Frangaise d’Hygiéne” and “La Société de 
Médicine Publique et d’ Hygiéne Professionelle.”- 

At the meetings of other bodies, such as the British Medical Association, 
the Social Science Association, &c., the section of public health or State medicine 
forms a marked feature. At the meeting of the British Medical Association at 
Manchester this year (1877), there was an exhibition of sanitary appliances in 


connection with the Manchester and Salford Sanitary Association ; this was filled | 


_ with examples of the newest and most approved arrangements. At the forth- 


* “The Law of Public Health and Local Government,” 8th edition. By 


W. Cunningham Glen and A. Glen. Knight and Co. 


+ “A Digest of the Law relating to Public Health and Local Government.” By 


@. EF. Chambers. Stevens and Sons. 
{ “The Public Health Act of 1875.” By T. W. Saunders. “ Law Times” Office. 
§ “The Public Health Act of 1875,” with copious Notes on. By W. G. and 
Edmund Lumley. London, Shaw and Sons. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. QE 


seoming meeting of the German association of medical men, naturalists, &c., in 
September, 1877, there will be a section devoted to general hygiene (G'eswnd- 


enspflege), and also one devoted to military medical and sanitary questions 
(Militiir-Sanitiitswesen). , 


III. Literature. 


Numerous works have appeared on sanitary subjects, among which I may 
znotice the following :— 

‘“ Handbook of Hygiene.” By George Wilson. 3rd edition. (Churchill), 
This wotkihas!been enlarged and in great, part rewritten ; it gives an 
excellent résumé of the subject. In the preface the author pays a 
:tribute to the memory of the late Professor Parkes, who first urged 
him to write the work, and revised the sheets of the first edition. 
This kindly assistance he would uot allow him to acknowledge 

during his lifetime. : 

« Militar-Gesundheitspflege.’ (Roth and Lex), This great work ap- 
.proaches completion, as the final volume will be published imme- 
diately. Although styled a “ Handbuch,” it is really encyclopzedic in 
its mass of information. : 

*“Tehrbuch der Militar-Hygiene.” Von Dr. C. Kirchner. II. Auflage. 
The first half of the new edition of this work has appeared ; it seems 
sto be considerably remodelled and extended. The former edition was 
a close imitation of the Manual of Professor Parkes. 

“Ueber Entwickelung und Gestaltung des Heeres-Sanitétwesen der 
Europaischen Staaten, von militarisch-geschichtlichen Standpunkte.” 
‘Von Emil Knorr, Hauptmann. Hanover, 1877. Three parts of this 
‘work have appeared. It proposes to give a history of the rise and 
-progress of the medical departments of armies in all countries, from the 
earliest period to the present time. 

‘Hirt. L. “System der Gesundheitspflege.” Breslau. 

Lacassagne, A.. ‘ Précis d’Hygiéne, privée et sociale.” Paris (Masson). 
Pickler, W., and L. G, Kraus. “Compendium der Hygiéne, Sanitits- 
polizei,” &e. 

Kraus, Glieb and Pickler. “ Hneyclopaidisch Wérterbuch der Staats- 
Arzneikunde.” Stuttgart. Third part of a large work. 

‘Gsterlen. “ Handbuch der Hygiene.” ‘Tiibingen. 38rd edition. 

Kramer. “Handbuch der Staats-Arzneikunde.” II. Theil. Halle. 

Becquerel. “ Tvaité élémentaire d’ Hygiene, privé et publique.” Paris, 
(Asselin), 

Hermant. “Aide-Mémoire du Médicin-Militaive, recueil de notes sur 
lV flygiene des Troupes,” &c. Paris (Delahaye). 

Besides the above, a large number of works and papers have been published 
“pearing on the hygiene of particular countries and armies, which it would be 
impossible to enumerate here. 

Two small works, which have a melancholy interest for us, must not be 
omitted, since they were the last contribution of the late Professor Parkes to 
-the subject he had done so much to develope— 

“ Public Health.” By the late HK. A. Parkes, M.D., F.R.S., revised by 
Dr. Aitken. (Churchill). — 
“ On the Personal Care of Health,” (by the same Author), issued by 
the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 

“The first gives a réswm% of what is necessary to secure the health of a 
-community, and the second is a short but clear and useful tract on the subject 
of personal health, addressed chiefly to working men. Both are written in the 

simple and eifective style that so eminently characterised his writings, 

Many works have been published in different countries of a popular kind, 

either addressed to the general public, or to particular ages or classes. In: this 
-eountry, Dr. Overend Drewry has. published a monthly journal entitled 
“ Health,” which seems likely to be useful in diffusing knowledge of the 
subject. It is amarvel of cheapness, each number of sixteen pages costing only 
«one penny. eat Bgl 
t is of course impossible to give anything like a complete list’ of works and 
0 2 


208 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


papers, but the above are some ofthe more important ; others will be referred 
to under their special heads. ‘ b : 

I may, howeyer, call attention to two publications of some interest, v1Z.,. 
Ist. The specimen fasciculus of the Catalogue of the Medical Library of the 
United States. Formerly this was a part of the library of Congress, but its 
growing importance and special character has led to its being separated and 
placed under the direction of the Surgeon-General. It is already one of the 
most complete in existenee, and the plan of the catalogue is an admirable one. 
In one alphabetical list it gives both: authors and subjects, distinguishing them: 
by different types, and by means of cross references it also serves the purpose of. 
a catalogue raisonné, thus saving mueh time and labour to the inquirer. 

2nd. The other publication is a bibliographical record of works and papers 
puldished during the year 1875, on sanitary science in all its branches, printed 
in the “Deutsche Vierteljahrschrift fir éffentliche Gesundheitspflege,” 
VIII. Band, IV. Heft, 1876. It appears to be avery complete résumé, and most 
valuable for reference, The German journals are very copious in their biblio- 

raphical lists, much more so than any of ours; and in this point, as in others, 
they are being followed by the Americans, as may be instanced by the biblio- 
graphy of cholera at the end of the report on the cholera ot 1878, compiled by 
Dr. J. Billings. 


IV. Special Points of Hygiene. 


1. Water.—On the sabject of water a good deal of writing and controversy 
has taken place, as usual without much elucidation of the most important 
oints. The most important publications have been Wanklyn’s “ Water 
Analysis,” 4th edition, and a new edition (8rd) of Sutton’s “ Volumetrice 
Analysis.” The latter contains the best and most’ detailed account of the 
Frankland-Armstrong process for determining the organic nitrogen and carbon 
in water, As has been stated before, this process is quite out of the question 
for military or naval medical officers, and can only be carried on in well- 
appointed laboratories. At Netley we do not teach it, but adhere to the 
ammonia process of Wanklyn and Chapman. With regard to the latter, it 
must be understood that it is not held to be perfect, but that practically it is 
the best we have for the determination of nitrogenous matter. In the words of 
Hassall, “a good water will appear good, and a bad water is not likely to 
escape detection” (“ Food and its Adulterations,” 1876). Wanklyn (“ Sanitary 
Record,” 1877) gives an analysis of a deep well water at Richmond which 
contained 1°02 free ammonia, and 0:03 albuminoid ammonia. In spite of the 
large emount of free ammonia he puts this in his first class of waters, with the 
rider that it might prove dangerous by favouring vegetable growth if kept. In 
the new, edition of Wanklyn’s book, the only points regarding the ammonia 
process that are at all altered are, Ist, the practical discarding of the sodium: 
carbonate solution in distilling for the free ammonia ; Wanklyn says it is gene~ 
yally not necessary, especially in hard water; 2nd, a statement that with 
suitable apparatus the albuminoid ammonia can be determined upon 100 ce. 
of water, the Nesslerising being done to 3750 of a milligramme. For this 
purpose the apparatus requires to be small, and particularly the ammonia 
glasses, which are cylinders 10 centimeters (4 inches) high, and 15 centimeters 
(3 of an inch) wide. In these glasses itis said that the difference between z755 
and +25 of a milligramme of ammonia can be easily recognised. At Netley we 
always combine a determination of the oxidisable matter by permanganate with 
the ammonia processes, and by that means get information of more value than 
from either process alone. With respect to the mineral constituents, Mohr’s 
new process for the determination of carbonates in drinking water is a very 
elegant one. It is founded on the fact that the presence of carbonate imparts a 
certain alkalinity to the water, which is readily detected by the use of | 
cochineal, ‘The introduction of this substance instead of litmus is a great 
advantage, it is much more sensitive, and gives much’ sharper indications ; its 
natural colour is a carmine red, which is at once changed by acids to a yellow or 
reddish yellow. ‘The change is sharp and sudden, with no return of colour, as 
is the case with litmus. The solution is prepared by bruising a little of the 
commercial cochineal in water which has been gently heated, adding a little 
alcohol and filtering, For the process a standard solution of sulphuric acid is 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876, 209 


prepared by dissolving 4°9 grammes (by weight) of pure H,SO, and diluting to 
1 litre; 2 ccs. of this are equal to 10 milligrammes of carbonate of lime. 
If 700 ces. of water be operated upon, 2 ccs. of standard solution used 
will represent 1 grain of carbonate, of lime per gallon. ‘The process is simple : 
700 ces. of the water are taken, and a few drops of cochineal solution 
added (V.B. the colour should not be too deep), the solution of acid is 
dropped in until the carmine red is changed to yellow ; read off the ces. used 
and divide by 2, the result is grains of carbonate of lime*per gallon. A simple 
plan would be to take 350 ccs, of the water, in which case the number 
of ccs. of acid solution used would exactly represent the grains per 
gallon of calcium carbonate. Thus 350 ccs. of a water took 18 ccs. of 
acid to effect the change of colour ; result, 13 grains per gallon of calcium 
carbonate. If by other means we have already determined the calcium 
carbonate (as by the hardness), we can see if the two results correspond ; 
usually Mohy’s process gives more, in which case the difference is sodium 
earbonate. Wanklyn says that the result of this process generally corresponds 
with the amount of insoluble solids in the water : it is generally a little less on 
account of the presence of a little silica and alumina; should it be more, the 
‘difference is sodium carbonate as above mentioned. In that case the excess 
must be calculated out as sodium carbonate, 1 cc.=1:06 (instead of 1: as in the 
case of calcium carbonate). ELxample.—350 cos, of a water took 17° of acid 
solution.: the calcium carbonate was already known to be 12°; therefore the 
difference, 17 -12=5, is due to sodium carbonaie; 5x1:06=5'3 grains per 
gallon of sodium carbonate. Of course potassium carbonate might be present, 

but it is rare in drinking waters : its factor would be 1°38. 

In estimating the solid residue of water, Wanklyn recommends the use of 
70 ces, only, dried over a beaker-glass of water; this, he says, evaporates in one 
hour. So small a quantity, however, requires a very delicate balance. He does 
not think a high temperature necessary, but contents himself with a heat so 
obtained, being something under the boiling point of water. 

With. regard to the search for poisonous metals, the qualitative test is really 
all that is necessary for hygienic purposes, and the plan suggested by Dr. 
W. A. Miller is a very good one. Lead and copper can be recognised in very 
small quantities by means of a solution of ammonium sulphide, which will 
produce a dark coloration of sulphide of the metal: if the water be then 
.acidulated with hydrochloric acid without the dark colour disappearing, we may 

be certain that lead or copper is present. It is. unnecessary to differentiate 
them, as they are both poisonous. Should the acid clear up the water, the 
sulphide has been iron only. This may be easily converted into a quantitative 
test by using standard solutions of the metals, and comparing the depth of tint 
produced. Water containing +, of a grain per gallon of either lead or copper 
ought to be rejected, according to Wanklyn: I should be inclined to put the 
limit at ,: of iron 4 grain should be tlie limit, 2 giving a distinct chalybeate 
taste. It is not quite certain how much copper would be poisonous, but it is 
well to be on the safe side. It is stated that the miners in the desert of 
Attacama (South America) prefer the water from the neighbourhood of the 
mines to that brought up in skins from the wells near the sea, on account of the 
disagreeable taste imparted to the latter, although the former contains enough 
of copper to give it a green colour, It is true that they use it chiefly for 
making coffee which may perhaps neutralise the effects. 

On the influence of water upon lead, some investigations have been made 
by Mr. Pattison Muir, who finds that lead is easily dissolved by water containing 
nitrates—also chloride or sulphate of ammonium. Carbonates, sulphates and 
chlorides of other bases greatly diminish the solvent action of water on lead, but 
water charged with carbonic acid under pressure is a very active solvent. 
Hence, perhaps, the danger of aérated waters in contact with lead. 

Zinc is a metal that must now be looked for, as there is no doubt that its 
presence does occur in water kept in so-called galvanised iron vessels. If potash 
or soda be added to water, and then sulphuretted hydrogen, a white precipitate 
is formed of zine sulphide. The presence of iron, lead or copper, masks this, 
however ; in case of their presence the water should be evaporated to dryness, 
the residue treated with solution of potash or soda, and then with sulphuretted 
hydrogen ; a white precipitate indicates zine. 


210 . ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. | 


The microscopic examination of water has not yet had sufficient attention” 
paid to it, but it 1s beginning to be more resorted to. Imay note a good paper” 
on the subject by Dr. C. O. Harz, “ Zeitschrift fiir Biologie,’ XII. Band, 
I. Heft. This method of inquiry (which seems to have been less used abroad even 
than in this country) is likely to lead to more useful results than chemical 
methods, or perhaps it would be more correct to say that chemical methods 
cannot be expected to produce results sufficient for hygienic purposes without 
the help of microscopic examination. j 

Among the War Office Circulars issued in 1876, was one (Clause 82) which: 
dealt with the question of the chemical analysis of potable waters, directin, 
that water should be analysed at stations when proper means were provided, 
‘and that, if the opinion of the Professor of Hygiene was desired, samples- 
should be sent to Netley. ‘The consequence of this order has been to throw a 
great amount of extra work upon our laboratory at Netley, for it has resulted in 
all the samples being sent there. This was certainly not contemplated when 
the circular was issued. The following Table gives the chief points of the 
analyses of 139 samples of water examined between June, 1876, and September, 
1877. It has been drawn up from our laboratory records by Surgeon: 
J. L. Notter, M.D. (Assistant Professor of Hygiene), by whom a large number of 
the analyses were made :— 


| Trace None 
t 

« | Trace None 

None None 

[ie Large None 


: Taf Large : 


Is imperfectly filtered 


Impurity probable vegetable ; filtration advis- 
able. 

The presence of sulphuretted hydrogen is 
enough to condemn this water. The sample 
was sent in a dirty jar with an old cork. _ 

Inperfectly filtered. The albuminoid ammo- 
nia being in excess. 


Ty ae 4 
Maal 


ae ty ie 


spiel bs 


¥ - 5 ef 
sey we oy 


Gere 
bith Ae 


SWI 
ea 


4) 
©, 
Syl esl A 


swine! nde eitdend jee ple 
4 cya teey 
a ey th aay 


3 . a oy chitel le 


np ere een a ~ 


sit 


211 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 


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“SyTeULa yy mepnuitors| 


‘euULLOTY ; ‘S480, OATZUITTBNY 


212 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


Of the above analyses 125. were quantitative and 14 qualitative only (except. 
the chlorine). Wherea constituent has been sought forand none found, the word 
nil is written ; where a blank is left, either the experiment has not been made 
or the result has not been recorded. The conclusions to be drawn are; Ist, 
‘\hat the generality of the waters is far from pure ; indeed, if we were to accept 
rigidly Professor Wanklyn’s limitation, barely half-a-dozen out of the whole 
could be passed as potable waters. 2nd, hat the physical and qualitative 
tests on the whole give a very considerable amount ‘of information, in many 
cases sufficient for hygienic purposes. 

The column of remarks contains the substance of the report made on each 
sample. 

At the Hygienic Congress at Brussels last year, the question of the purity 
of water was a good deal discussed. M. Gérardin (Inspecteur des Etablissemens 
Insalubres 4 Paris) gave a lecture on his method of determining the amount of | 
dissolved oxygen in water, which he insisted upon as the only true measure of the 
purity of a drinking water. This consists in\the use of hydrosulphite of 
sodium, in presence of the aniline colour known as “bleu Coupier”’ ; go long as 
oxygen is present the blue colour is untouched, but when the oxygen is 
absorbed by the reagent, the blue colour is discharged by the slightest excess. 
The solution of the reagent being titrated with copper sulphate, the amount of 
oxygen can be easily read off. The difficulty about the plan is that the reagent 
(the hydrosulphite) will not keep, but must be prepared fresh. M. Gérardin 
has, however, since seen reason to abandon his views to some extent, and to 
admit that water may exist with a good deal of oxygen and also a good deal of 
organic matter, He also insists upon the physical character of the lustre (éclat) 
of water, as indicating its degree of aération. 

Filtration.—On one point there seemed to be a pretty general feeling, and 
that was that the ordinary kinds of filtration were often very harmful, so much 
so that many chemists were inclined to discountenance filtration altogether. 
There is no doubt that under some circumstances filtration does harm, especially 
ifa filter is kept for a length of time in use without cleansing or changing the 
filtering medium. The remarks on this point of the Commissioners in the “Sixth 
Report of the Rivers Pollutions Commission,” bear upon the question when they 
note that in animal charcoal there are apt to be found myriads of minute 
worms, which pass out into the filtered water. In experiments at Netley I 
have seen facts that bore out this statement to some extent, viz., a tendency to 
the formation of low forms of life, chiefly vegetable, in water that had been 
passed through a charcoal filter. At the same time, this took place only after 
the water was kept for some time. On this point it may be remarked, that such 
aresult could be partially obviated by great attention to cleansing, and by 
passing permanganate solution through the filtering medium. Also, that if the 
water is wanted for immediate use, the convenience and rapidity of charcoal 
filters, such as those of Major Crease, are very great. On the other hand, if the 
water is to be stored, especially in the tropics, there might be the danger 
referred to of the production of low forms of life. Such forms might not be 
hurtful of themselves, but we are yet in ignorance of how soon they might become 
so, therefore it is better to avoid them. Whether it is possible or not to prepare 
a in such a way as to prevent such formations, has not yet been deter- 
mined. i 

Mr. Gustav Bischof has investigated the question of filtration with reference 
to the use of spongy iyon as a medium, In the “ Proceedings of the Royal 
Society,” No.80, 1877, he has written a paper on “ Putrescent Organic Matter 
in Potable Water,” in which he shows that water, filtered through spongy iron, 
may be passed over meat (previously boiled to destroy organisms adhering to 
it) for weeks without inducing putrefaction, but that if the water be filtered 
through animal charcoal putrefaction is induced within a fortnight. If the 
meat is not previously boiled it putrifiesin either case. On the above principles 
the spongy iron filter is formed, and it certainly-has this advantage, that its 
component parts are entirely mineral throughout. The length of time during 
which the water is exposed to the filtering medium seems considerable, about 
twenty-two minutes, but Mr. Bischof thinks not only that this is necessary, but 
that in the case of impure waters it ought to be longer. Should this be the 
case, it would prove a drawback if a large quantity of water were required 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 23 


at once. On the other hand, the filtered water might be stored in clean tanks 
or vessels, with but little danger of becoming impure if properly protected. 
Numerous pamphlets and papers have been published bearing on the water 
supply of particular places, some of which contain interesting matter, but it 
would not serve any useful purpose to quote them here in detail. Inthe Indian 
Reports accounts of analyses of the waters of different stations are given, and 
I may notice particularly the Report of Dr. Lyon, Chemical Examiner to the 
Government of Bombay, which is very full on this point. Before leaving this 
subject, I may refer to an analysis 1 had an opportunity of making of, the 
water of the Rakus Tal Lake, on the northern side of the Himalayan range. 
The sample was collected by Lieut.-Col. H. Knight, late 19th Regiment. It 
is considered to be a very pure water, although analysis did not prove it to 
be so. The quantity was very small, only 182 ccs., so that only a partial 
analysis could be made. It showed a good deal of flocculent matter in 
suspension, which, on microscopic examination, showed the following sub- 
stances :— 
Particles of sand. 
Black particles of an undetermined nature. 
Mycelium.. 
Large cells, with a double wall and granular contents. 
Great quantities of minute colourless molecules, in a gelatinous matrix. 
Spores in considerable number. 
Large sporangia (like those of septaria). 
Cotton fibres, much attenuated. 
Linen ditto ditto. 
No animal life. : 
The linen and cotton fibres were accounted for by the fact of the vessel 
_in which the water was collected having been wiped out before use. The quali- 
tative chemical analysis showed both calcium and magnesium well marked ; 
nitric acid, a doubtful trace ; nitrous acid, present ; iron, a trace. The hard- 
ness was not determined. 4 
Quantitative Analysis. Grains per Gallon. 


Volatile matter (by incineration) ee & is 9°333 
( Total oxygen required for oxidisable | 3 
| Baaiee tac hth Le OAGRRO | A g 
: Oxygen for organic matter only.... 41670 | B= 
Including} Ammonia, fies... 05600 (e 
- albuminoid ... ... = 0°7000 | 5 & 

’ Nitrous acid ¥ ge 13915 | Ss 
Chlorine... Gee af at a Fore an ae 3:827 
Sodium (combined with chlorine) _.... sec St fons 1672 
Salts of calcium and magnesium, &c. ae an vo 81251 

Total solids by evaporation ee of ate 46083 


This water we should have been obliged to condemn as impure. Another 
sample, got from a neighbouring lake, Lake Manarasowar, was unfortunately 
lost in transit from the bottle being broken. Water from large deep lakes is 
usually purer than this; it would be interesting to know the cause of this 
impurity, which must be partly of animal origin, although chiefly vegetable, 

At home, the success-of the Loch Katrine supply to Glasgow has turned 
attention to lakes as a possible source of supply for other cities; in particular 
the proposed use of the water of Thirlemere for Manchester has excited 
much interest and not a little controversy. Mr. Wanklyn suggests that all 
mountain-waters ought to be examined very carefully for metallic contamina- 
tion, especially when metalliferous strata abound, and he thinks London mey 
have had a most fortunate escape in the collapse of the great scheme for 
bringing water to it from the lake district of Cumberland. In connection 
with this, a writer in the “Times” of September 5, 1877, who states that 
he is an old resident at Thirlemere, affirms that no resident on Thirlemere 
ever thinks of drinking the water of the lake. 

_ On the question of the search for water, a treatise has been published by 
E. Spon, “On the Practice of Sinking and Boring Wells.” 


214 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 


Much interest was caused this year by the attempt of Messrs. Meux to 
get water from the green sand at their brewery in London. After boring 
to more than 1,000 feet, the attempt had to be abandoned, as no water was 
found. _It is still, however, believed by many that an ample supply could be 

got for London by means of artesian wells. . : 

A good instance of the danger of shallow welJs is given by Dr. Cameron in 
the ‘* Dublin Journal of Medical Science.” At Glenfarne Hall, co. Fermanagh, 
a much more impure water (organically) is obtained from the surface of the 
well than from the bottom ; the surface water yielding 0°025 of organic nitrogen, 
against 0°006 at the bottom ; the chlorine was also greater at the surface, although 
the other mineral constituents were greatest at the lowest depth. ; 

2. Air, Ventilation, &e.—In my last report I referred to an examination I 
had made.at St. Mary’s Hospital, Paddington. Since that time extensive 
alterations have been carried out, and a second examination showed a marked 
improvement in the general condition. ‘The Hospital:was built upon a bad 
plan, with most of the defects of structure common to hospitals built before the 
last fifteen or eighteen years. Most. of the wards had windows only on one side, 
whilst the few that had windows on opposite sides were large and broad, so that 
the advantage was to a great extent lost. The centre of the building is an 
immense space, containing the main staircase ; it was hardly ventilated at all, 
but with it and adjoining lobbies and corridors, the most of the wards communi- 
cated by means of windows. The consequence was that it became a sort of 
well in which all the foul air of the building was mixed up, and from which it 
was redelivered into the wards. Its condition may be judged by the amount of 
of CO, in excess over the outer air ratio: this was— 


Ground floor .... w+. 0°439 per'1,000-) or a mean impurity of 0-447 per 
Hirsh, 2: By. Pied vee) O1870.% vs 1,000, indicating a supply of 1,350 
Speco | ans ee OBI cin cubic feet of fresh air per head per 


hour, barely one-third of the necessary amount. After the improvements were 
carried out, the result of examination showed a mean impurity of only: 0-026, 
indicating an almost unlimited supply of fresh air. Besides the bad shape 
and arrangement of the wards, they were encumbered with sinks and sculleries 
inside, which took up space and obstructed ventilation. The waterclosets also 
opened directly into the wards, and there was always astrong in-current through 
them. The improvements suggested were the following’: The closing up of all 
communications between the wards and other parts of the house, except the 
doors, which were to be kept closed. The removal of all sinks, sculleries, &c., 
from the wards. The separation of the closets by means of ventilated yesti- 
bules, the closets themselves being in an annexe. The introduction of addi- 
tional ventilators, such as Sheringham valves, in the outer walls, and ventilating 
tubes (known as Tobin’s) in every part that was accessible. These points were 
carried out to the great improvement of the Hospital generally, although some 
difficulties were encountered, such as a tendency to stop up the ventilators on 
the part of nurses and patients, and a difficulty of keeping up the temperature 
in the winter months. The most marked improvement was shown in the 
amount of organic matter in the air, there being a diminution of 27 per cent. 
in the albuminoid ammonia, and a proportionate lessening of other con- 
stituents. The microscopic examination of the air was interesting, especially in 
the accident ward: this is a square ward, which had a dividing screen down 
the centre ; beds were placed on each side of this screen. It was noticed that 
patients placed in certain of those beds got erysipelas, whilst those opposite did 
not, On examining the air, it was found that it was more impure there than 
in any other part, showing, in fact, that the patients were receiving only 1,560 
cubic feet of air per head per hour, whilst in other parts’ they were receiving 
2,500 and even 3,600, At that part, also, pus-cells were actually detected by 
the microscope. The reports, with a number of microscopic illustrations, have 
been printed and circulated by the Hospital Committee. 

Another inquiry, conducted by me this year, was at University College 
Hospital, a building also in a very unsanitary condition. In this case also 
curious results were brought.out by the microscopic examination, especially in 
the atmosphere of the dirty-linen area, where not only pus’ was found in 
quantity, but also numerous fatty erystals apparently trom greasy dressings. 
Bacteria were also found in large quantity, both free and in the zoogleal form. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 215 


The rebuilding of the Hospital is spoken of, and it is much to be hoped that this 
may be carried out. 

Another inquiry of great interest was undertaken by Mr. Netten Radcliffe, 
at the Manchester Royal Infirmary, also a. building in the old ‘style, in the 
centre of a crowded city. Mr. Radcliffe’s report is most full and exhaustive, 
showing in the clearest way the defects of the existing structure. It isa most 
valuable document, well worth the attention of all who are interested in the 
subject. The building of a new infirmary is inevitable, the point in dispute at 
present being whether they shall rebuild on the existing site, or move out or 

town altogether, The latter seems to commend itself on many grounds, chiefly 
on account of the advisability of leaving the crowded atmosphere of the city, 
and also on account of the immense pecuniary value of the existing site, the 
price of which would enable a noble infirmary to be built out of town, and 
provide at the same time a receiving house in the town for emergencies. 

There exist in Manchester two very good types of Hospitals, viz., the 
Clinical Hospital, chiefly for children, and the Children’s Hospital at Pendle- 
ton; the former is small, but very well arranged ; the latter. contains about 80 
beds, and is capable of extension, being on the pavilion plan. The heating 
apparatus is a propulsion arrangement, like those at Luriboisiére and the new 
Hotel-Dieu at Paris, by which it is said that the wards can be heated up to 
80°F. with very little trouble. 

In March last I paid a visit to some of the Paris Hospitals, for the purpose 
of seeing any alterations in ventilation or arrangement. At Lariboisiére I found 
that during the previous winter one of those accidents had occurred which 
render artificial methods of ventilation so unsatisfactory. The floods, con- 
sequent on the overflow of the Seine, had undermined some of the piers support- 
ing the basement and broken the propulsion apparatus ; the consequence was 
that for a considerable time the ventilation arrangements were ata standstill. 
This hospital, large as it is, is insufficient for the wants of the quarter.in which 
it stands ; it is almost always full, and I was surprised to find that, yielding to 
the pressure of applications, they had placed a third line of beds, end to end, in 
ithe centre of the wards in several instances, thus to a large extent neutralising 
the good effects of the pavilion system. Such a proceeding is wholly retrograde, 
and cannot be too strongly reprehended. At the new Hétel-Dieu the general 

lan is much the same as that of Lariboisiére, and reproduces most of its defects, 

here is:less space around the building than is desirable (a defect, however, 
inseparable from .its situation in the heart of Paris), and the centre court has a 
somewhat crowded appearance, a good deal being sacrificed to a pretentious cowr 
Vhonneur. The closet arrangements do not seem to be on the best plan, not 
being sufficiently shut off from the rest of the building, and the so-called sadles 
d’isolement are entirely misnamed, not-being isolated in the least. The ventila- 
tionis carried on by a pumping apparatus, the air being drawn down a lofty 
shaft, carried up the end of the building. Although the building is a great 
improvement on the old building it is to replace, it still leaves much to be 
desired as a model of hospital construction, 

On the subjects of ventilation, warming, construction, &c., the following 
works have been published :— 

Bose, Ernest, ‘ Traité complet, théorique et pratique, du chauffage et de la 
ventilation des habitations particuliéres et des édifices publics. Paris, 
A. Morel & Cie. ; 

“ Hospital Plans, Five Essays relating to the Construction, Oganisation, 
and Management of Hospitals,’ contributed by their authors for the 
use of the Johns Hopkins Hospital of Baltimore. Baltimore, Wood 
and Co. 

Hassie, W. “Sanitary Arrangements for Dwelling-nouses.” Smith 
and Elder, 

ee L.W. “A Treatise on Ventilation.’ New edition. Philadelphia, 

iley. 
_ Drysdaleand Hayward. “Supplement to Health and Comfort in House- 
building.” London, Spon. 

Peltzer, M. “Kriegslazareth-Studien.” Berlin, Hirschwald. 

Wolfhiigel, Gustav, Dr. “ Ueber die Priifung von ventilations apparaten 
Miinchen.” Druck von Mihlthaler. 


216 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


Jansen, A, Contribution & l'étude de V’hygiéne des hépitaux militaires et 
des casernes. Bruxelles, H. Manceaux. . 

With regard to the external air, an important series of inquiries is being 
carried on in different directions. In Paris, at Montsouris, daily analyses of the 
air have now been made for some time, under the direction of M. Marié Davy ; 
and lately, in London, arrangements have been made by the Meteorological 
Committee for the establishment of a section of sanitary meteorology, from 
which we may hope to derive useful information. At Glasgow, analyses of the 
town air are made three times a-week, by Mr. E. M. Dixon, B.Sc., in co-opera- 
tion with the Medical Officer of Health. Two monthly reports have already 
appeared (for May and June, 1877), and the care with which they seem to be 
prepared is very commendable. It would bea great advantage if those observa- 
tions could be carried on at other stations, both in this country and elsewhere, 
especially at our numerous foreign stations, where meteorological observations 
are already established. It is only by such multiplication of observations that 
we can hope to obtain data proper for tracing-out the laws which govern the 
spread of disease. It would-benecessary to combine microscopic with chemical 
analysis before all the required information could be collected. As regards the 
Glasgow observations, some of the points are curious and differ from those 
observed elsewhere. Thus, in the most crowded part of Glasgow (Calton) the 
mean nitrogen in the air, as free ammonia, was, for May, 0°067 milligrammes per 
cubic metre, and the nitrogen, as albuminoid ammonia, 0:081. Mr. Moss’s 
results* in the neighbourhood of Portsmouth Hospital, gave 0:077 and 0-073 
respectively, although it is a comparatively open space. -Angus Smith, in 
London, found the nitrogen, as albuminoid ammonia, to average 0°124, and his 
mean of Glasgow air was 0:250; even at Innellan (Frith of Clyde) he found 
0°112. In London I found, in damp and still air, 0°294 free and 0:482 albumi- 
noid; andin dry, warm, breezy air 0:013 free and 0-421 albuminoid. ‘The effect 
of wind in clearing the air is noticed by Mr. Dixon, and also the influence of 
rain-fall as deserving marked attention. As regards the CO, his results also 


differ greatly from those of Angus Smith, who found an average of 5:02 per . 


10,000 volumes in the Glasgow air, whereas the maximum given by Mr. Dixon is 
only 3:43, while the mean of all his observations is only 2°98 Assuming that 
the observations are equally accurate and under similar conditions, the difference 
shows the necessity for continuous inquiry into the whole question. 

3. Drainage, Sewage Disposal, éc.—On these subjects much has been 
written, and a good deal of controversy has gone on in the different journals, 
The question of ventilation of sewers aud soil pipes has been much discussed, 
different inventors keenly advocating their own systems. Of tliose the system 


of Banner has attracted some attention, and has been applied, among other, 


places, to Guy's Hospital. ‘he essential part of it is an uptake ventilating 
shaft from the soil pipe, surmounted by an aspiratory cowl; a current of air is 
established, either through a trap below or by drawing air down another shaft 
furnished with a cowl acting the reverse way. Other inventors have suggested 
arrangements to accomplish the same end. Professor Macdonald has con- 
structed a very ingenious cowl, called a twin-fan ventilator, which establishes 
and keeps up a double current in a shaft, and may be used either for house or 
sewer ventilation, or on board ship for ventilating between decks or in 
inaccessible parts of the ship. , 

Professor Frankland (‘Proceedings of the Royal Society, 1877”), has made 
some ingenious experiments with a view of throwing some light on the con- 
dition of the air in sewers. His object was to ascertain how far it was possible 
for solid or liquid particles to be scattered into the air from the sewage as it 
flowed along. By using a solution of a salt of lithia he was able to detect very 
minute quantities by means of the spectroscope. The results found were, that, 

_ by agitating the water mechanically to a much greater degree than sewer water 
ever could be agitated under any circumstances, it was not possible to scatter 
the liquid into the air sufficiently to be detected even by spectroscopic tests. 
‘On the other hand, when gas was generated in the liquid, as by the artificial 
production of carbonic acid, so as to simulate the conditions of putrefaction, 


* I have reduced these and the other observations to nitrogen, to correspond with 
Mr. Dixon’s figures. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. DE 


lithia was at once detected in the air. his is an additional proof of the dangers 
to be apprehended from the retention of sewage in drains and cesspools, and an 
additional argument, if any were needed, for its speedy and instant removal 
from the neigbourhood of habitations. 

The great works going on for the improvement of the city of Paris in the 
matter of water supply and sewerage are described in detail in the three large 
fasciculi, published by the house of Gauthier-Villars, “Sur l’assainissement de 
la Seine.”” As is well known, the sewers of Paris do not receive the excreta of 
the population, but merely the surface or slop waters, street washings, &c., yet 
this liquid is of value, and is now disposed of by means of irrigation over the 
peninsula of Gennevilliers. This land is also partly watered by the liquid from 
the nightsoil proper. This last is still received into cesspits, which are emptied 
periodically and the produce removed for manufacture into poudrette. For 
drinking, the use of the Seine and the Canal de l’Ourcq are now almost quite 
given up, the water of the Vanne being employed. An abstract of the recent 
measures was published in the “ Annales des ponts et chaussées,” and has been 
translated into English by Mr.R. Manning. This translation (which also refers 
to the ‘‘ Assainissement de Berlin”) is not very well done, and contains some. 
errors (perhaps due to the printer) which make it not very easy to understand 
in some parts. 

At home a report on the disposal of sewage in towns has been presented by 
the Committee appointed by the President of the Local Government Board. 
The Committee consisted of Mr. Rawlinson and Mr. C.S. Read. They have 
reported in some detail, with plans, on the mauner.of sewage disposal in the 
chief towns in England, and in some of the continental towns. The conclusions 
arrived at by the Committee are given in page 12 of the Report and may be 
summarised as follows :— 

1.) Seavenging, cleansing and sewering are necessary. 

2.) Retention of refuse and excreta in cess-pits and middensis condemned; 
even the pail and dry earth systems are merely palliations, although 
they may be tolerated in small and isolated places. 

(8.) Sewering and draining of towns are a prime necessity, both for cleans- 
ing and for lowering and preserving from pollution the subsoil 
water. 

(4.) Refers to pollution of rivers and streams (provided for in Act of 1877). 

(5.) Considers existing modes of treatment of sewage by deposit and 
chemicals in tanks more or less of a failure, but that they effect 
some good and are susceptible of improvement, 

(6.) None of the manufactured manures from town refuse pay the cost of 
production. 

(7.) Town sewage may be best disposed of by irrigation over land. 

(8.) Irrigation is not possible everywhere, therefore other plans must be 
admitted. 

(9.) Discharge into the sea may be allowed provided no nuisance is caused. 

Among the plans not noted in this inquiry is that carried out in Manchester, 
on the plan of Mr. Fryer, This deals with all the town refuse; the coarser 
parts, such as fragments of pottery, bits of glass and metal, &c., are burnt to 
slag in a furnace, which he calls the Destructor: the vegetable refuse, condemned 
food, &c., are reduced to charcoal in another apparatus called the Carboniser,. 
and the night-soil, proper is concentrated in the Concretor (without loss of. 
ammonia) to a small bulk, which is valuable as manure. The slag from the- 
first process is ground and, along with lime, made into mortar, The plan is. 
well spoken of in Manchester, and, if it'succeeds, it certainly gets rid of every- 
thing in a very effectual way. 

The Report of the Committee, above referred to, speaks of the Liernur- 
system of sewage in a very disparaging way, more so, I think, than the existing. 

* evidence warrants. In a visit paid to Holland last autumn I had an opportunity 
of seeing the system in work at Leyden, and had it explained to me by the 
kindness of the late Professor Boogaard. Although applied toa small portion of 
the town it seems to be very effectual, and, from what I was told, has apparently. 
abolished enteric fever in that district. With regard to smell, which has been 
complained of, I was present in some of the closets at the moment the contents 
were sucked away by the apparatus and there was not the smallest odour, I 


218 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


also saw the material passed from the main receiver into the casks for sale, and 
there was no odour even there, on account of the ingenious’ method employed. 
Some difficulty has certainly heen experienced in disposing of the material in 
the semi-liquid state, but at Dordrecht it is made into powdrette, apparently at- 
a profit. The Committee dwell upon the expense, which they ‘state, on the 
authority of the Director of Works at Amsterdam, to be about six or seven 
shillings per head per annum, including interest on the original outlay. This 
is considerable, but by no means excessive if all that is claimed for the system, 
on sanitary grounds alone, is borne out in practice ; it would amount roughly 
to a sixpenny or sevenpenny rate quarterly. In the meantime arrangements 
are actually being made for its further extension in Amsterdam itself, whilst the 
patent has been purchased for Austria and Hungary by the Vienna Joint Stock 
Agricultural Society, who consider it a success, both hygienically and financially. 
It certainly seems well adapted for a country like Holland, where a faél for 
drainage is almost impossible, and there are a good many places in this country’ 
similarly cireumstanced. The Committee say they do not know any town in 
England where the apparatus, if adopted, would be other than a costly toy; T 
would cite such a town as Southport, in Lancashire, where the drainage fall is 
about 1 in 5,000, a difficulty that is being most ingeniously got over by the 
works at present constructing, but which might perhaps have been overcome 
even more effectually by the pneumatic system. ‘The concluding paragraph of 
the remarks in the Report (p. 25) about the liability of the apparatus to get 
out of order are in direct opposition to the statements of the inventor, and 
certainly to some of the experience also. The last sentence is not very easy to 
understand; “The power of air and water to remove solids through pipes being 
« as their relative weights and velocity, and air is to water by weight, about as — 
* 800 to 1.” 
Mr. Bailey Denton has published, under the title of “Sanitary Engineering,” 
a considerable volume, the basis of which isa course of lectures on the subject 
delivered at the School of Military Engineering. It is copiously illustrated and 
deals with most of the subjects that come within the province of the engineer, 
The section on drainage is particularly detailed, and the whole forms a valuable 
book of reference for all persous interested in sanitary matters. : 
4, Food, éc.—The provisions of the Adulterations Act have been applied 
pretty extensively and with apparent good effect. ‘There are still some points of 
difficulty connected with the detection of adulterations, but these are- being 
gradually cleared up. One of the most difficult investigations has been the 
analysis of butter, so-as to detect the introduction of foreign fats. None of the 
former plans were trustworthy, and accordingly, a few years ago, a process was 
introduced by Messrs. Angell and Hehner, in which they determine, by saponi- 
fication, the relative proportions of volatile and fixed fatty acids, which they 
found to bea fairly constaut ratio in real butter, and different from that of other 
fats. In the first edition of their work on Butter Analysis, they adopted the 
percentage of fixed acids in butter as 85, but in the 2nd edition (published this 
year) they put it-at 87°5, the average of other fats being about 95. One great 
objection to the method was the length of time required (several hours) to com- 
plete the saponification, as this rendered it less easy for general use, Mr. Turner, 
‘the public analyst and health officer of Portsmouth, suggested an ingenious 
method which has got over the difficulty. Perceiving that it was the slow 
solution of the fats that delayed the saponification when water was used, it 
occurred to him to try alcohol, which he found quite successful, the saponifica- 
tion now taking minutes instead of hours, so that the process can be used by 
analysts without. great expenditure of time. It seems to have been prett 
generally accepted as fundamentally correct. The essential part of the process is 
the saponification of the fatty acids, the decomposition of the soaps with hydro- 
- ehloric acid, the separation of the volatile acids by means of heat or boiling . 
water, and the weighing of the fixed residue. : 
Bread.—In calculating out diets into which bread enters largely some 
difficulty is experienced in reconciling the statements in books with the actual 
xesults as found in practice. The chief points are these: 
(1.) How to reckon the weight of bread with reference to the length of 
time it has been baked, which involves the question of the average . 
loss undergone in the process of cooling. \ 


‘APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 219 


(2.) Tow to calculate the relative proportions of crust and c'umb, and the 
ratio the composition of the one bears to the other. 

These questions are very important as bearing upon the amount and quality 

of rations, and I have therefore made some experiments upon the Hospital 


vation bread as baked and issued at Netley. The following are the results as 


bearing upon the above questions :— 

1, It has generally been understood that the weight of bread is to he 
reckoned as it comes hot from the oven, from which time it loses weight steadily 
until it becomes dried up. Of course the rapidity with which this takes place 
varies with the temperature, humidity and movement of the surrounding air, 
and the way in which the bread is baked. The average loss (as stated in the 
4¢ Manual of Hygiene ’’) is taken as follows :— 


Ist 24 hours soni ar 2°0 per cent. 
in) 48°, ME es 8 a, 
“ia uals Bey (ese ey igi Se 

(i Ne ae Been go 


cas sf 

At Netley the bread is baked in 21b. loaves, each weighing over 900 grammes 

up to 940 or 950. A batch of 800lbs. of dough is worked up into 21K19=398 . 
loaves; of this oblong batch 4 are corner loaves, with four sides out of six 

crust; 76 are side loaves, with three sides out of six crust; and 318 are inside 

loaves, with only two sides (top and bottom) crust. ‘This gives the following 

proportion :— 


4xXx4= 16 
76X38 = 228 
318 X 2= 636 
398) 880 

2°21 = the average proportion of crust 


out of the six sides of the loaf, or a percentage (taken in this rough way) of 37 
of crust. This does not represent the real percentage by weight, which will be 


considered afterwards.. A new loaf (inside) baked at noon on June 80th, was 
found to weigh 873 grammes at 1 p.m, Supposing it to have weighed 900 at 


noon, it had lost 17 or nearly 2 per cent. in one hour. As it was not actually 
weighed when hot this cannot be taken as positive. On July 9th a new (inside) 
loaf weighed 946 ; when cold, in 2} hours, it weighed 921, or a loss of 25, equal 


_ to 26 per cent., or about 1 per cent. per hour, The crust and crumb separated 


and broken up had lost 121, or 13 per cent. in 48 hours, Another (inside) loaf 
on July 10th, weighed, when hot at | p,m., 896 grammes ; its changes of weight 
were carefully noted, and were as follows :— 


Loss, Mean per cent. of 
Weight at 1 p.m, (hot) 896 total. Per cent. loss per hour. 

RO i, B80 eee Gi ow V8. we 7B 

; eee tl O25 ay, Pot ht ABs a, |p lS 

4 4; Peete pCO env) ook pr ocat pO Lan, tran 04 

Say COL Nn sai tO cide V OHOS IES veednnil OOO 

Peer eG) 84 S80... ORG 

Mate Watt, BER 1 Seen ly BE oy ese 0 BBOS | creas) OB 

Bias) sites SOS Fp osien B02) vse) BOO? = ters ODT 

ee ene SOO) LCi yp BOs eo 400-9 5." O50 

Weight DMEM COL, stig AO i, OAL eee ODL 
(July 11th) in 26 hours, 

Gueaianoon =. 819 3. 87% 9°72 se” O18 
in-72 hours. 

(Ay eM ANAM ese) (OO. ees LLL: aay, LBD. seve, 0709, 


' in 145 hours. 


“There is. thus a’ loss of 3 per cent. in the first thrée hours, that is during the 
cooling of the loaf, a result corresponding to that obtained from the previous 


experiment. 24 huurs entails a loss of 54 per cent., which is nearly doubled in 


72 hours or three days. 
An outside corner loaf, four sides crast, was weighed on July 10th :— 


220 - ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 


Loss, _- Mean per cent. of 
Hotat lpm. .... 841 total. Per cent. loss per hour. 
1g ooii >, mati SOL cat iecahen ek Laaatee Denies em oan emer 
El 95 1a ed BAO cae cot pe O apart See OTE eae ites 
pee fray: t B24. seit bOcetiate TOO ear e EOI G2 
5 4, Sy (OAD esse, hOn rests ole Os eee Oh 
6 824. LT eee ca OS 0°40 


~ ks oy ae 
This loaf was rather under weight to start, but that does not invalidate the 
experiment. We see here that the loss of weight in cooling is only 1-9 per cent. 
instead of 3, and that in 5 hours it lost only 2 percent., whilst the inside loaf 
lost 3°8, nearly double. When the crust and crumb were separated the loss 
(total) in 31 hours was 66 or 7-9 per cent., the actual loss after breaking up 
being, in 24 hours, 37, or 4°4 per cent.; of this the erumb lost 33, or 6°2 per 
cent., and the crust 4, or 1°6 per cent. 
Another loaf, baked as a cottage Joaf with crust all over, was also weighed. 


Weight of cottage loaf hot :— h6ss) eine Mean average per cent. 
(July 10th) 12 noon... 906 total. -~ Peivcent. of loss per hour. 
1 pm... 06s ar a Ce Poy at ey rian 
OF ye DOD Te Poe Nee ee ae 
Besos. raus 00. at) (Ov et Oe en Oe 
t - sgy esses. GAL iss ve Deda SAD Tie eee 
Sat etn eben idee (EZ aeA Cie eR 
6 876 atelO 111 0718 


When crust and crumb were separated and broken up the total loss in 74 hours 
had reached 18, or 1:99 per cent.; after 81 hours the loss was 66, or 7:3 per 
cent.; the actual loss, after breaking up, being, in 24 hours, 48, or 5°4 per cent. ; 

-of this the crumb lost 44, or 6:9 per cent., and the crust 4, or 1°95 per cent, 
These results are very accordant with the preceding ones, although there seems 
rather a sudden change at the third hour alter baking. It is to be noted that, 
although this loaf was all covered with crust, the crust was thinner than in the 
case of the ordinary ration outside loaf. - 

From the above we find that the amount of crust has great influence on the 
weight, Ist, by preventing evaporation, and, 2nd, on account of there being origin- 
ally less water in the loaf. An inside loaf, with only top and bottom crust, loses 
about 3 per cent. in cooling, and about 4 in the first 5 or 6 hours, An outside 
corner loaf (four sides crust) loses about 2 per cent. in cooling, and the loss is 
little greater at the end of 5 hours. A cottage loaf, all erust on the outside, 

"loses only about ? per cent. in cooling, and only about 1 to 1Z in 5 hours, 
Taking ration bread there is a loss of about 1 per cent. in weight in the first 
5 hours for every side that is not crust. It is thus evidently advantageous that 
the ration should be well baked, 1st, that the soldier should get as much weight 
of food as possible, and, 2nd, that the loss of weight or drying should be delayed 
as long as possible, so that the bread may remain fresh and palatable. 

2. The second question, as to the proportions (by weight) of crust and crumb, 
is one of great importance. It is laid down that the crust should not be less 
than 30 per cent., and certainly this is desirable, but’ it seems to be seldom 
attained. I have carefully weighed the crust of several loaves with the follow- 
ing results :— 

An inside loaf (two’sides crust) weighed an hour after baking, 873 grammes ; 
the crust and crumb were carefully separated and weighed :— ? 


Crust ..... 174 This gave a. percentage of crust... 20 
Crumb .... 696 aa of crumb ..., 80 
Total 870 Total 100 


There was thus a loss of 3 grammes in the cutting up. 
Another similar loaf weighed 946 grammes, hot; it was cut up and the 
crust separated and weighed after it had got cold :— 
In cooling and cutting up it had lost 22 grammes, 


Crust .... 137 This gave 14:8 per cent, of crust, and 
Crumb .... 787 85:2 5 of crumb. 
Total 924 Total 100:0 


ees eel 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. ie 


Another similar loaf, received 4 hours after baking, weighed 900 grammes, 
Crust and crumb separated gave :— , 


Crust .... 140 Percentage of crust ne 156 
Crumb .... 757 ‘4 Ofcrumb ... 84:4 
Total 897 Total 100-0 


Again a loss of 3 grammes on breaking up. 
We thus have three determinations of crust, viz., 20, 14°8, and 15:6, which 
give us a mean of 16°8 per loaf. As each of the three loaves had only 2 sides 
crust out of 6, we may reckon for each side of crust 8°4 per cent. 

An outside loaf, with four sides crust, was weighed hot, and showed 841 
grammes. After 6} hours it was cut up and crust separated :— 


Crust .... 254 Percentage of crust seas 315 
Crumb... 558 3 poferumb 55: 68°5 
Total 812 Total 100°0 


A loss of 29 since baking. 
In this case the proportion of crust per side is 7°9. 
In the cottage loaf, which may be taken as having six sides crust, the weight, 
hot, was 906. ‘The crust was separated 64 hours after baking and the weighing 
gave :— 


Crust .... 209 Percentage of crust re 23°6 
Crumb.... 679 5 ofcrumb— .... 764 
Total 888 Total 100:0 


A loss of 18 since baking. 
Here the amount per side would be much smaller, about 4 per cent., but the 
crust was much thinner than in the case of the regular ration loaf. Taking, 
therefore, the previous experiments we have :— 


Percentage of crust per side from inside loaves ... 84 X 8 = 25:2 
: 33 8 outside ,, meee Oe 2. 15:8 
Total... 5)41:0 


Mean percentage per side = 82 
From this we may get the mean amount of crust in the rations generally, start- 
ing from the proportions of the batch already mentioned. 


4 corner loaves, 4 sides of crust each ae at 16 sides. 
76 side in tas a Ss eel Ol. ss 
BiSinside: 4... 2. 5 if weil Ea age 
398 loaves nest ahs aes ae i cee eeatste 8) 


22 


This gives (as hefore stated) 2°21 sides of crust. Multiplying by 8-2, as above, 
we have 2°21 X 8:2 = 18:12 per cent. of crust by weight. This is apparently 
very small compared with what is usually expected, and what indeed ought to 
be. It is evident that the baking is insufficient, or that the bread is baked in 
_ too large batches. 

The next point to ascertain was the proportionate amount of water-free 
_solids in the crust and the crumb :— 

Percentage of water-free solids. 


Crust. Crumb. 
Ist experiment mas 90:02 vane 65°36 
2nd) } 54 es 93:30 ee 60°60 
SH a ib pe 85:80 pe 62°30 
4th is 55 91°71 i 64:49 
4)360'83 4)252°75 
Mean... 90:21 63°19 

— nd 


222 _ ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


From this we may get the mean water-free solids of a loaf :— 


Percentage of crust 1812 X 90°21 + 100 = 16346 
2 of crumb 81°88 X, 63°19 + 100 = 51-740: 
Total water-free solids = 68°086: 

Water d=) orale 


Tctal. 100:000 
i next determined the nitrogen by the soda-lime process, and obtained the 
following results :— _ 
Nitrogen per cent. in water-free solids. 


Crumb. Crust. 
Ist experiment 15100 (11174) In-this case I found the tube hadi 
ee ee burst; so that there was loss. - 

2nd rs 2'0815 20321 


I think it will be safer to take the second experiment, both because I am more 
satisfied of its accuracy, and also because of the accordance of the two results. 
Multiplying the above numbers (which are practically identical) by 15°8 we- 
objaia the relative amount of dry albuminate, viz., 128 per cent. We thus. 
ave t— 

Crust 16346 x 128). er ee , 

Crumb 51-740 x ee + 100 = 8715 per cent. 
This is somewhat higher than the table given in the “ Manual,” but the per 
centage of water-free solids is also higher. 

My determinations of the fat failed, and I had not time to repeat them. 

The ash was determined and gave the following :— 


Crumb (undried Le ws 1:958 
Crust ( do. 1984 
Mean Bh 1-967 


This seems rather high compared with published analyses. 

Another point of some interest is the amount of acidity in bread. This has. 
never been dealt with in a definite way and no rule has been laid down. The 
plan adopted was to digest a weighed quantity of crumb and of crust in a 
certain amount of water, say 10 grammes to 100 ces., and then titrate with 
standard alkaline solution, using cochineal as the indicator. The resu'ts were 
stated as crystallised oxalic acid :— : 

Crumb (undried). Crust (undried). 


1st experiment cas 0063 ae 0084 per cent. 
2nd AS “as —— ee 0-066 * 
ne hee A 9, OUTS cs uae LOE + 
Mean rn 0 060 on 0:052 A 
Takin, the proportion of crust and crumb, we have in a loaf :— 
Acid of crumb ae pee 0:049 
s, of crust ed Kae 0:009. 


——— 


Total per cent. 0-058 


This is equal to 4 06 grains of crystalised oxalie acid in each pound of bread,. 
or 16°24 per 4]b. loaf. In case it should be considered desirable to state it im 
terms of glacial acetic acid, the numbers would be :— ~ 
0 055 per cent. 
8° 85 grains per lb. 
15° 40 ,, _ per 4Ib. loaf. 
‘This might be adopted provisionally asa standard for fresh bread. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 223 


The final results therefore are these :— 


Water .... Be ees Aas oes Pemba y 81-830 

Water-free solids we ras me ey 68°170" 
Albuminates “ .... ie Be Bee PAD 
Fat (adopted from published analyses)... 1°500 
Ash a3 Fs at Bt wi ESTE 
Carbo-hydrates (by difference) .... wee 45977 
*,* Acidity (as acetic acid) .... ve 0°055 

Tata ...3 100°000 


There would be a clear gain to the soldier if his bread were more baked ; he- 
would get better weight, it would keep better, and would be more nourishing... 
On service the plan of preparing pain biscwté (as in the French army) might be- 
advantageously adopted, it being decidedly more palatable and digestible tham 
biscuit. 

~ Connected with the question of food, two events have greatly excited public- 
interest and attention, viz., the unfortunate termination of the Arctic Expedition: 
and the Indian Famine, which is still in operation. The story of the former- 
event has been told im full detail in several publications, and the volumimous: 
Report of the Committee appointed to inquire into the.causes of the scurvy that 
broke out contains a mass of most valuable information. The Report of the- 
Committee was to the effect that the outbreak of scurvy in the sledge parties. 
was due to want of lime juice. During the winter on board the ships the~ 
crews had received ample rations, containing a good supply of antiscorbutics,. 
such as dried potato, compressed and preserved vegetables, pickles, raisins and 
currants, bottled fruits, and a daily ration of one ounce’of lime juice. On the- 
sledge parties all these were cut off except two ounces of preserved potato. The 
result was what had been foreseen by Sir Alexander Armstrong, and might 
have been confidently predicted by any one who had studied the question, 
namely, an outbreak of scurvy that proved fatal in four cases, seriously~ 
endangered the whole of the crews, and rendered the expedition a comparative> 
failure. The work the men had to do was enormous, and in my evidence before~ 
the Committee I tried to calculate it out. ‘The result was, of course, only 
approximate, but it showed that what was done was more than the rations con- 
sumed could supply in potential energy. On the whole, the inquiry has had! 
the effect of placing the subject-on such a solid basis that we are not likely to 
have a similar disaster again. At the same time, the evidence showed that there: 
are still some unexplained points on the subject of scurvy which deserve careful. 
investigation. ae 

In the Report of last year reference was made. to the views of Mr. Galloway- 

on the importance of phosphate of potash in scurvy. A second edition of his: 
pamphlet has been published with additional notes ; it is, however, not more- 
convineing than the furmer. Mr. Anderson (of Coventry) has published a 
pamphlet also advocating phosphates as the cure for scurvy ; his contention is, 
that lime juice cures because it renders the insoluble phosphates soluble, citric- 
_ acid being a better solvent than any other. ‘The theory is ingenious, but does: 

not seem very probable. , 

The famine in Madras is important as vindicating the truth of the principles 
of diet already laid down from scientific inquiry. Sir Richard Temple assumed) 
that it was possible to feed the people on a smaller amount than was given im 

‘the Bengal Famine, and accordingly only 1)b. of grain was given instead of 
13]bs., besides half an anna for the purchase of condiments. ‘This amount was: 
barely sufficient to maintain life in'a state of rest, but was utterly inadequate: 

. for even a moderate amount of labour. ‘The result was that, task-work being 
demanded of those people, they perished by thousands., The question was most 
ably and courageously discussed by Dr. Cornish, the Sanitary Commissioner of 
Madras, whose views have fortunately ultimately prevailed. The correspond— 

ence between him and Sr :tichard Temple is well worthy of perusal. On this- 
point Dr. Lyon, Chemical Examiner to the Government of Bombay, has. 
furnished a very important memorandum on the work done and the diet: 
supplied in the prisons of Bombay. The matter is most carefully treated, andi 
the paper will form a valuable work of reference on the subject. 

There are many other points of interest in several branches of hygiene- 

which must however be dei.rred till a future time. E 

iy P 


224 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


APPENDIX No. II. 


LIST OF OPERATIONS PERFORMED AT THE ROYAL VICTORIA 
HOSPITAL, NETLEY, DURING THE YEAR 1876, WITH SHORT 
ABSTRACTS OF THE MORE IMPORTANT CASES. 


By Surgeon-Major J. H. Porter, A.M.D., Assistant Professor of Military 
Surgery. mere 


- 


i] 
@ 
a 
E 
re 


Operations. Disease. 


Remarks, 


Number of Cases. 
In Hospital. 


Successful. 
Otherwise. 


Amputations. 


Ankle joint, left, Parry’s modi- 
fication of Symes’ method. 


Caries of tibio tarsal arti- 
culation and tarsal bones. 


Ditto rch et ie 


See Case No. 1. 


Symes’, of the right foot 


Forefinger, right hand ... Contraction of forefinger, 


right hand. 


Excision of Joints. 


Left elbow joint .,. ae a Caries and necrosis of See Cases Nos. 
condyles left humerus 2 and 3. 
and articulating surfaces 
of radius and ulna, 

Head of femur ... ay 1 | Caries of head of right See Case Ne. 4. 


femur, which was dislo- 
cated on the dorsum ilii. 


Urinary Organs. 


Radical Cure of Stricture, Holt’s} 2 | Stricture of urethra 


See Remarks on. 


Division of stricture... ae es | Ditto ate sus aaa Stricture of the 
Urethra. 

By dilatation eet ae wee} 31 Ditto ase one 

Puncture of the bladder ee See Case No. 5. 


Genital Organs. 


Tapping and injecting with, 


14 | Hydrocele ... bas ee 
iodine. 


1 | Hernia of left testicle ... 


Symee’, for fungus of testicle ... 


On the Anus. 


Removal by Smyth’s clamp and 
actual cautery. 


6 | Hemorrhoids sie 


Division of sphincter ... «| 8 | Fistula in ano es 


Removal of necrosed bone 3 | Disease of bone (necrosis) 


— 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 225 


a Result, 
a 
oO, F 
Operations, S Disease. ailo/3 Remarks. 
I = 2} “3 
ig $/E |e 
9 & cS) 
g 8) 3 | 
=] = a 
a WM (o) = 


Tumours. 

Remoyal of sve itt +| 1 | Fibrous, on chin ... set 

Ditto ... an gee «| 1 | Parotid, left side ... Pye See Case No. 6, 
By Coxeter’s aspirator .., «| 1] Bloody tumour, right| 1 

5 lumbar region. 
1) Ditton y. vis eth = «| 1 | Left scapula Oe feud 
By Dieulafoy's ... a soe] 1 | Leftarm™ ... ue evel ek 
On the eye 1] For ectropion th Haale dt 
» Ditto 1 | Remoyal oflead ... ...) 1 o 
On the Ear. 
Removal of polypus... +-| 1 | Polypus, right ear... Sl ck 
Miscellaneous. 
Removal of foreign bodies ...) 1 | Gunshot wound,leftthigh, | 1 See Case No. 7. 
lodgement of missile 
Ditto... aa rep «| 1 | Right thigh, supposed| 1]... |... |... | See Case No. 8. 
4 fracture from gunshot 

4 wound 
‘Forcibly breaking down adhe- | 1| Gunshot wound, right] 1 1 

sions. arm, with deformity 

Ditto ... wh ais «.|- 1] Arthritis, left elbow aes ok 1 
Skin grafting ..  ... «| 4 | Gunshot wound of face «| TL] 3]... | ... | See Case No. 9. 


Case 1.—Amputation of the Foot for Disease of the Ankle Joint by Parry’s 
Modification of Symes'— Death from Acute Tuberculosis. 


J..J., of the Royal Artillery, aged 23; a delicate-looking man, who had 
enjoyed fair health during his service of three years. One of his sisters died 
from phthisis, otherwise he had a good family history. 

Admitted into Netley Hospital from Malta, on the 2nd of February, 1876, 
with the following history :—On the 18th of August, 1875, was assisting in 
drawing s handcart filled with iron shells, when his left foot turned suddenly 
in under him. At the time he suffered but little pain, and there was no reason 
to suppose anything had given way ; however, the following day the ankle had 
become swollen, black, and painful, and he was admitted into hospital, being 
quite helpless, where he remained under treatment without benefit till he was 
sent home in January, 1876. 

On arrival at Netley, his general health was fair, appetite good, and slept 
well. He was subject to occasional flushings of the face in the evenings; his 
temperature and pulse being at the same time somewhat above normal, but-he 
had no hectic or night sweats. 

The left foot, ankle, and lower part of the leg were much swollen and 
infiltrated, and about the ankle itself was a good deal of inflammatory redness ; 
two openings existed at the back of the joint, giving exit to a discharge of an 
oily fluid mixed with sanious pus; on the introduction of a probe into 
ether of them it could be passed freely in several directions, but without 
coming on bone ; another opening was then made on the point of the probe 
passed under the skin, close to the internal malleolus, and through this, bare 


226 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


sand diseased bone was at once reached and there was a sinus: extending across 
the joint. There being no other alternative but amputation of the foot, I 
performed Parry’s modification of Symes’ operation on the 14th of February. 
“The bloodless method was adopted, which was followed by considerable oozing 
-of blood and a great quantity of serum from infiltrated tissues. 

The wound healed slowly, the patient being very weak ; his temperature 
Ukept high, rising every evening. 

On the 2nd of April the discharge had lessened very much, and the stump 
had acquired a very symmetrical shape ; soon after this he was carried into the 
~open air, the weather being fine. He seemed to progress favourably, com- 
»plaining only of a slight pain in the back and some headache; both quickly 
-disappeared, but returned again in a few days.. : j 

On the morning of the 14th uf April he suddenly became very faint, 
-changed colour, and turned almost black in the face; he was- immediately 
placed in bed and lay in a very lethargic state for some hours. At 6 p.m. he 
‘had considerably improved, but had some return ofthe symptoms about. 9. 
“On the 15th and 16th he remained much the same, the temperature on the 
dast day rising to 101°-6. 

On the 17th he appeared much better, but towards the evening he relapsed 
“into almost complete insensibility, from which he could be roused with much 
difficulty to answer questions and take the necessary stimulants. His speech 
‘seemed to be affected as it was very indistinct. During the day he passed his 
stools and urine involuntarily. i 

This state continued on the following day, when it was noticed that the 
stump appeared shrivelled and of a brawny unhealthy appearance. ‘The 
discharge had almost completely stopped, and he complained of pain in the 
wight knee. aes 

On the 19th, the respirations became very hurried (35 in the minute) ; on 
auscultation loud rales were heard everywhere over the chest ; the heart sounds 
were healthy. Hehad no cough. His urine had to be drawn off twice in the 
eday. He continued for some days generally better in the morning, but 
*becoming worse in the evening. he respiration continued hurried. There 

was some little cough but no expectoration. He was in so helpless a state that 
“his nourishment had to be given by means of enemata. Profuse sweating 
-set in at night, and the discharge from the stump became very offensive. 

On the morning of the 23rd he appeared more intelligent, but very weak, 
Pulse 104, and intermittent at about every fourth beat; temperature 102-2. 
‘The discharge from the stump was extremely offensive. There was noticed some 
drooping of the left eyelid; the pupils were dilated but regular. At about 10 
o'clock that evening he became bathed in a copious perspiration ; pulse so quick 
-and weak that it could not be counted. Temperature 104:4, and he was quite 
insensible. This state continued till about 4 o’clock next morning, when 
che became much worse, and at 5.30 expired. 


Operation described. 


Symes’ amputation modified (by Deputy Inspector-General of Hospitals 
Parry, late A. M. D.). 

Right foot— . 

Assistant holds leg on level with operator’s chest. 

Invert foot. 

Insert knife in front of border of tendo Achilles, 4 inch above its insertion ; 
«carry incision around the outer malleolus, } inch below its extremity, across 
instep to inner‘and upper border of the protuberance of the navicular bone. 

Continue incision obliquely across plantar aspect of foot, down to the bone, 
“in front of the pad of the heel, and round its outer border, and so connect -it 
with the first point of incision. 

See that all the tissues are divided to the bone. j 

The operator takes hold of heel flap by its outer aspect, dissects it back, 
‘divides the tendo Achilles close to its insertion, and so uncover. the whole 
aleaneum. F 

The operator next dissects away the inner portion of the flap, keeping the 
edge of the knife close to the bone. This should be done by repeated short 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 227 


scareful incisions, so that the posterior tibial or other vessels may be left in the 
‘soft tissues of the flap untouched. 

When the upper edge of the internal malleolus is reached the joint ‘is 
opened, and the foot disarticulated. 

Left foot— 

Reverse order of incision. 

Commence at protuberance of scaphoid and proceed to edge of tendo 
“Achilles for first incision. 

From scaphoid beneath the plantar surface of the foot to the same point for 
the second incision. = 

The rest as with the right foot. 


Condition of Bones of Foot. 


_ , The entire cartilage over the lower end of tibia and fibula, including the 
_joint. between the two bones, is completely removed, a soft pulpy tissue 
covering the otherwise carious surfaces. This pulpy membrane is miore 
-extensive over the end of fibula. The disease does not appear to extend to any 
-degree into the substances of the bones. 

The superior articular facet of the astragalus, as well as the posterior 
-caleaneo-astragaloid joint, is in the same condition as regards the removal: of 
-cartilage and substitution of it by the pulpy membrane. 

The under surface of the tuberosity of the calcis, for the space of a twc- 
“shilling piece,.is carious, but the caries does not extend deeply. 2407 

he disease appears limited to the above-mentioned region of the foot-and 
-ankle, 


Post-mortem appearances. 


The body, which had a general paleness of surface, was well nourished ; 
-cadayeric rigidity well marked. 
On opening the calvarium no abnormal appearances were discovered ; there 
“was great congestion of the pia mater and large amount of cerebro-spinal fluid. 
There was a lymphy exudation at the base of the brain, matting together 
“the yarious nerves and blood-vessels ; on separating the surfaces, sago-grain like 
granulations were brought into view. Clear fluid in the ventricles, with 
softening of commissural surface and well marked softening on central ganglia. 
‘There was no clot observed. 
On opening the chest yellow purulent exudation observed in left sterno- 
-clayicular articulation. The lungs did not collapse on opening into the pleural 
cayity. The pleural cavity of the right lung was thickened considerably, and 
studded with minute tubercular deposits. The left pleura not thickened. The 
-right lung was much less crepitant than left, but both on section showed no 
<uniform infiltration of miliary deposit. The heart was generally sort and flabby, 
the yarious valves were all competent. 
The aorta presented no signs of disease. 
The position of the abdominal viscera was normal. There was a tubercular 
- exudation in localized patches upon the peritoneum covering the liver, which 
was normal as to shape. Minute tubercular deposits, similar to those in the 
lungs, studded the capsule. On section it was firm and fatty, with slight 
-interlobular congestion. No deposit in the substance was detected. ’ 
The left kidney was somewhat larger than the right. The capsule was 
easily separated, showing a congested surface beneath ; on section there were 
tubercular deposits seen scattered here and there, more numerous and somewhat 
larger in the right than in the left. Some were in a much more advanced 
- state of softening than others. - 
The spleen presented no signs of any deposit to the naked eye, some, 
“however, were discernible with the aid of a lens. 
There was considerable gastric and intestinal congestion, and commencement 
-of tubercular ulceration in the jejunum, Peyer’s patches showed marked 
indications of increased vascularity. They were dark in colour with white 
deposits, no doubt of a similar nature to those elsewhere found. On the 
_ peritoneal surface also there was some tubercular deposit. : 
On examining the stump there was found considerable thickening of the 
»periosteum and surrounding textures, and a considerable deposit of tubercle’in 


i 


228 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


the thick dense tissues composing the cicatrix, ‘The anterior edge of the bone 
was rough with a general thickening and condensation of bone texture ; accom- 
panying this there was great vascularity, but no evidence of scrofulous 
deposit. 


Two Cases of Excision of the Elbow Joint. 


Case No. 2.—T, W., a delicate looking lad, 15 years of age, belonging to 
the Duke of York’s School. 

Family history of phthisis, his father and an uncle having died of that 
disease. 

In March, 1875, he had a sharp attack of rheumatism which affected the 
elbow and knee joints, confining him to bed for two months; at the end of which 
period the swelling of the joints had subsided, with the exception of the left 
elbow which remained swollen and painful. ~~ 

In August, he was received-into N etley Hospital for change of climate, his 
general health being impaired. The left elbow was uniformly enlarged, but 
there was no bulging of the synovial sac. There was slight pain in the head of 
the radius increased by rotating the hand. The forearm was slightly flexed, 
and the elbow one inch larger in circumference than the right. 

Ifis general health improved, but in October the opening of a sinus appeared 
on the inner aspect of the arm, about one and a half inches above the condyle, 
through which a probe could detect exposed. bone; there was, however, no 
decided evidence as to the exposed bone being connected with the joint, and he 
was treated with tonics and nourishing diet, the joint being kept at rest, with a 
hope that the diseased bone might be thrown off. 

There was very little change till the beginning of December, when the 
elbow became much enlarged, and, as compared with the sound one, was three 
inches larger in circumference. The skin over it had become pale and mottled, 
and cutaneous veins enlarged, but there was no great amount of pain, 

On the 3rd of December he accidentally struck his elbow against a table, 
which set up active inflammation, and early in January, 1876, when all inflam- 
matory symptoms had subsided, it became apparent that the joint was so 
extensively diseased that excision would be necessary. 

On the 10th of January I excised the joint by the longitudinal incision, the 
limb being rendered bloodless with Esmarch’s bandage, and the patient being 
under the influence of ether, 

After the operation the limb was placed in a straight position on a firm 
pillow ; no vessels were tied, and there was very little hemorrhage. 

On the 11th the lad was directed to flex his fingers, which he did with some 
difficulty but without pain; on the 15th of January, or fifth day after the 
operation, he flexed his fingers with ease, which were perfect in sensibility, 
and slight passive exercise of the forearm was commenced, so as to secure 
pronation and supination as well as flexion of the elbow joint. 

These exercises were practised daily till the 8th of February, when he 
commenced the use of a ib. weight, suspended by a cord over a pulley, which 
he worked by a little help from the goodarm. _ 

His general health gradually improved, and on the Ist of March the wound 
of operation had quite healed, and the arm was daily becoming stronger. 

n the 3rd of June he was discharged from hospital, being a few days less. 
than five months since the operation. He could then perform the following 
motions: scrub and sweep the floor, lift a considerable weight, place his hand 
behind his back so as to button his trowsers, supinate or pronate the hand, 
extend the forearm, brush his hair, and feed himself with a fork. The motions 
of the shoulder joint were perfect as well as that of the wrist, hand and fingers. 
The sensation in the limb was similar to that in the sound one, and he possessed 
in every respect a useful limb, which would enable him fo earn a livelihood, 


Case No. 3.—Sapper G. S. in the Royal Engineers, 28 years of age, of 
healthy appearance with a guod family history. In 1868, he struck his left 
elbow whilst mowing, after which it became swollen and painful; this passed 
off, but in 1870, when quartered in Bermuda, it again became affected, but 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 229 


after suitable treatment the disease disappeared. In 1875, when quartered at 
Gibraltar, he again hurt it, since which time he was unable to use-it, the joint 
haying become swollen and painful on pressure. He was invalided to England, 
and arrived at Netley Hospital last December, when the joint was found much 
swollen and painful, but no symptoms to denote disease of the cartilages or 
bone were observed. 

_ In April, 1876, suppuration set in, and several abscesses formed, which were 
opened in front of the joint, His health now became much impaired, and it 
was found, on examination, that the joint was implicated. 

On the 2nd of May, I excised the joint by the longitudinal incision, the 
limb being rendered bloodless with Esmarch’s bandage. The operation was 
followed by considerable oozing, necessitating the opening of the wound. 

The day after the operation, movement of the fingers was commenced. 

On the 7th of May, or fifth day after the operation, pronation and supination 
were commenced, and on the 12th, fléxion and extension of the forearm. 

On the 31st of May he used a 11b. weight, suspended over a pulley, which 
was increased up to 4lbs, on June 15th. 

By the 14th of July the wound of operation had completely healed, and 
feeling strong and well he attempted mowing, and cut down one hundred yards 
of grass, which, he says, he performed with little inconvenience. 

+ With the exception of flexion of the forearm, all the motions of the limb. 
are perfect, but in this he is daily improving, being able to feed himself with a 
fork and brush his hair; he can also button his trowsers, place his hand behind 
his back, and lift considerable weights. 

In case No. 2 there was: gelatinous disease of the joint, with caries of alb 
bones. 

In case No. 3 there was pulpy disease of the joint, and extensive caries of 
the humerus and ulna, 

The amount of bone removed in both cases was about two inches. 


Case 4,— Excision of the Head of the Right Femur. 


The patient, an officer in the Royal Scots, aged 40; during the Crimean: 
campaign he experienced great exposure, and on one occasion, after sleeping on: 
damp ground, incipient disease of the right hip joint became apparent. From 
these symptoms he appears to have been relieved, but subsequently superficial 
necrosis of the upper third of the shaft of the femur set in, and a considerable- 
portion of exfoliated bone was removed, leaving a large cicatrix on the outside 
of the thigh. He returned to his duties, served in China, the Mediterranean, 
and India till 1875, when in the latter command, after great exertion he became- 
incapacitated for duty on account of lameness and intense pain in the hip joint.. 
He was then invalided to Netley Hospital, where he arrived in August, ina 
most distressing and helpless condition, having suffered great inconvenience andi 
torture during the homeward journey. 

Perfect rest was now enforced,under which he greatly improved, but in. 
March, 1876, after a severe rigor, a large abscess formed in the neighbourhood of 
the joint, behind the great trochanter; on this being evacuated, and the finger 
passed into its cavity, the-head of the femur was found perfectly denuded of 
cartilage and resting on the dorsum ilii, having become’ dislocated from the 
acetabulum. 

Excision of the head of the bone being the only prospect for saving his life, 

as the soft parts had become extensively infiltrated, hectic had developed itself, 
and his stomach was uncontrollably irritable, it was decided to perform that 
operation. This I did on the 80th of March by a vertical incision, about nine 
inches in length, behind the great trochanter. 

- There was no difficulty experienced in removing thie head of the bone, neck 
and great trochanter, the lesser trochanter being left untouched, with the inser- 
tions of the psoas and illiacus muscles intact. 

_ The operation having been completed, I applied to the opposite thigh the 

“socket of Sir William Fergusson for enforcing counter extensicn, but on 


2950 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


attempting to arrange the bracket-splint of Mr. Erichsen, I found it impcssible, 
as the knee joint had been so long flexed it had become fixed, and the straight 
‘splint could not be applied. This method of extension and counter extension 
had therefore to be-abandoned. 

The patient, already very weak, was now almost completely exhausted, in 
‘fact but little vitality remained, and for several hours it was doubtful if he 
would ever rally; with a view, therefore, of leaving him at perfect rest and try 
and restore nature, I placed the limb on M‘Intyre’s double inclined plane, well 
padded, in which it remained for two days. ; 

On the third day he had fairly rallied, but expressed himself as feeling most 
uncomfortable, due to the arrangement of the bed, which consisted of two hair 
mattresses, on the top of which was placed a stretcher, the canvas of which was 
divided into five portions, the three centre ones being attached to the side poles 
by means of straps and buckles, so that one of them might be removed for the 
purpose of dressing the wound or using the bed-pan. 

_ To relieve his discomfort, which he said consisted of a feeling as if he rested 
-on the back of his head, left buttock and heel, I raised the stretcher, temoved 
top mattress and replaced it by one consisting of three portions, the centre one of 
which had a hole ten inches in diameter cut in its centre. ; 

The stretcher being replaced, his buttock fitted into this hole and removed 
all pressure from his back, en which a large bed sore had formed during the 
two days of his great prostration. he comfort of this arrangement was 
indescribable, but then came the question of extension of the limb ; this I 
effected by a weight attached to the foot and suspended over a pulley adapted 
to an upright fixed in the floor at the end of the bed. ‘Lhe limb was supported 
on either side by sand bags, and the buttocks fitting into the hole. in ‘the 
mattress formed as it were the point for counter extension. 

From this time forward he steadily improved. By means of the stretcher 
he was raised from the bed, the weund dressed as well as the bed sore, sheets 
re-arranged and the necessary utensils made use of. 

On'the Ist of May extension was removed and the limb simply supported 
by sand bags; on the 21st of May he was able to move the limb slightly ; on 
the 10th of July the stretcher was shifted from under him for the first time, 
-and with a little help he turned doth legs out of bed. 

On the 26th July he commenced to walk with crutches, in which he daily 
improved. The wound healed most steadily from.the bottom, being simply 
-dressed with carbolized oil. ; 

His convalescence was retarded by the old wound reopening in cousequence, 
no doubt, of a piece of bone being set free. 

The limb, nine months after the operation, is about 24 inches shorter than 
the sound one, but this great difference is in consequence of the knee being’ still 
slightly flexed. ; 

There is no pain in or about the seat of operation, and when he stands erect 
the can lateralise and rotate the limb for several inches. 

During the course of treatment he complained greatly of pain on the inside 
of the knee, which was relieved when extension was being applied, by taking 
care that it was in the axis of the leg and not forcing the limb, as it were, into 
straight position ; subsequently fomentations and anodyne liniments relieved it. 

See accompanying illustration, 


e 


Case No. 5.—Impermeable Stricture of the Urethra, accompanied by Perineal 
and Serotal Pistula—LExtravasation of Urine—Puncture of the Bladder per 
Rectum—Successful Dilatation of the Urethra—Recovery. 


The subject of this interesting case was Corporal J. W., of the Sth 
Fusiliers, a delicate-looking man, who had served ten years in India. Had 
suffered twice from gonorrhcea, which was treated with strong injections, and 
once from a venereal sore. His habits have been intemperate. 

In June, 1863, he first noticed a diminution of the stream of urine, with 
.a difficulty in mturition, which act was followed by dribbling of urine. For 


‘ 


F A CRUTCH 


THE ILLUSTRATION REPRESENTS THE WOUND OF OPERATION & THE POWER THE PATIENT POSSESSES 


CASE OF EXCISION OF THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR NINE MONTHS AFTER THE OPERATION 


A 
d 
oO 

5 
4H 
o 
PB 
° 
oO 
a 
ad 
8 
a 
ro 
o 
a 
a 
Gi 
d 
ira 
a 
pve 
q 
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IN BEING ABLE TO PLACE HIS FOOT BEHIND HIM. 


WHEN THE PATIENT WAS ABLE TO WALK UP & DOWN STAIRS WITH THE AID O 


APPENDIX. TO REPORT FOR 1876. Al 


this lie was treated by dilatation, and returned to his duty apparently quite 
well. 

In 1871, symptoms of stricture again returned, and he was treated by 
‘dilatation in the hospital at Murree, where there appears to have been a great 
«difficulty in introducing an instrument. 

In 1874, when quartered at Bareilly, he had retention of urine: and again, 
in April, 1875, when no instrument could be introduced into the bladder per 
urethram, and it was found necessary to relieve him by puncturing the bladder 
above the pubes, his symptoms of stricture were now somewhat relieved; but 
sam abscess formed in the left side of the serotum, which was opened, and 
through which urine escaped. 

In September, 1875, an abscess formed in the right buttock, near the anus ; 
this wasalso opened, and was followed, in about a week, by a free flow of urine. 
In October another abscess formed in the left buttock, which resulted in a 
fistula, through which urine flowed, whenever he attempted to micturate 
or defecate; in fact, he was unable to void his urine without regularly going 
through the act of defecation. ; 

On arrival at Netley Hospital, on the 25th of April, 1876, he was ina most 
wretched condition ; countenance pale and anxious, indicative of great distress. 
His nights were sleepless, being constantly disturbed by the irritation ofthe 
urine trickling from the bladder, rendering his clothes offensive, and producing 
great constitutional disturbance, his pulse being quick, tongue dry, with exacer- 
bation of fever towards evening, ushered in by bilious vomiting and rigors. 
There was a hard callous stricture 5} inches from the external meatus, extend- 
ing backwards for a considerable distance, rendering the urethra hard and penis 
infiltrated, 

The left testicle was enlarged, and in the skin covering it. was an opening, 
surrounded by pale flabby granulations, from which a cylindrical band of 
thickened tissue could he traced up to the urethra, entering it about the bulbous 
portion. From 1 to 1} inches on either side of the anus there were two 
fistulous openings, surrounded by large granulations ; both these openings dis- 
charged a large quantity of pus, and urine escaped through all three, more 
particularly when he strained ; this compelled him always to go to the W.C. 
when he wanted to micturate. ; 

From date of admission to the 8th of May, several prolonged attempts were 
made to pass an instrument through the stricture into the bladder, but without 
success; and on this latter date, his symptoms being very grave, the bladder 
presenting alarge tumor in the lower part of the abdomen, and there being 
complete retention of urine, none even coming through the fistula, which, up to 
this, had relieved the bladder, I decided to puncture it per rectum, according to 
Mr. Gock’s method. : 

At 10 a.m. the patient was placed under chloroform, but, having ceased to 
breathe, thus giving rise to great alarm for his safety to all concerned, much 
delay was caused in restoring animation, which, having been satisfactorily 
effected, the operation was proceeded with without an anesthetic. 

From some cause or another, very little urine followed the operation ; he was 
placed in a warm bath, and a suppository, containing } ofa grain of morphia 
administered. At2.m. he had asevere rigor, with great pain in the epigastrium, 
and vomiting followed by high fever. At 4 p.m. diarrhoea set in, and a large 
quantity of urine passed with the faeces, which was followed by great relief. 

. On the 9th the feverish symptoms bad disappeared, but the diarrhoea was 
very troublesome, and the urine flowed freely from the anus; he now-expe- 
rienced the greatest comfort from subcutaneous injection of morphia in.{th 
of a grain doses, twice a day, which soothed him, and removed all irritation 
about the bladder, urethra, and anus. On the 11th a little urine passed through 
the urethra, with much scalding and pain, and on the 13th, No.1 bulbous metal 
catheter was passed as far as the neck of the bladder, but no further. 

- On the 16th another:attempt was made to pass No. 1 catheter, which failed ; 
when a catgut bougie was introduced, and allowed to remain in the urethra the 
greater part of the day, the subcutaneous injection of morphia being steadily 
administered to relieve all pain and irritation. 

__ On the 17th there was a'small stream of urine through the urethva; and the” 
hardness and infiltration along the passage had partly disappeared. 


2 + ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


On the 1gth, No. 1 French bulbous catheter was passed into the bladder, and 
urine drawn off ; but from this date to the 8rd of June no instrument could be 
introduced. In the meantime inflammation had attacked the right side of the 
scrotum, which ran on to a gangrenous condition, having become extravasated 
with urine, and on the 8rd of June, his condition being precarious, ‘ all 
urine passing by the fistulse already described, the wound of. operation 
in reetum having closed, his pulse being very quick and weak, and his 
body exhaling a strong smell of urine. I laid the scrotum freely’ open, 
by this means setting free a quantity of pus and urine, administered bark and 
ammonia, and, after great difficulty, succeeded in introducing No, 2 metal 
catheter, which I quickly followed by No. 4, and secured it in the bladder, 
where I allowed it to remain till the 6th, when it was removed, and No, 6 
introduced. ; 

On the 7th, No. 8 French bulbous was introduced, but not allowed to 
remain, as cystitis had been set up, and he could not tolerate it ; he had, how- 
ever, learnt the method of passing an instrament for himself, and used one 
when he felt the desire to micturate. ~~ 

~ He now steadily improved; the wound in the scrotum soon cleaned and 
healed, the fistule closed, the cystitis disappeared by daily washing out of the 
bladder and the administration of mineral acids. 

By July 5th he was able to pass No. 12 French bulbous catheter as well as 
a No. 12 metal sound; no unpleasant symptom of any kind remained, and on 
the 28th of July he returned to his regimental depét, with every prospect, 
should he attend to instructions, of being an efficiént soldier. 


Case No. 6.—Removal of a Parotid Tumour. 


This occurred in a young patient, aged 22 who gives the following history of 
its appearance :— 

“The first intimation I had of anything amiss was in the beginning of 
March, 1875, when a small hard lump became apparent to the touch in the 
fleshy part of the neck, just under the ear. It was then searcely visible, and 
was In no way an inconvenience. 

“It was considered enlargement of the parotid gland, and, from the increase 
in the quantity of saliva, there appeared to be no doubt as to this being the 
case. In November, 1875, it had increased considerabl , and I was greatly 
troubled with shooting pains in it. Local and constitutional treatment had no 
effect on it, and it continued steadily increasing, causing slight numbness in the 
side of the face, till July, 1876, when I was recommended to have it 
removed.” 

When seen by me in the following August, there was a tumor, about the 
size of an orange, in the region of the right parotid gland, having a firm feel, 
and apparently very deep, under the ear. 

Arrangements having been made for its removal, on the 28th of August, 
by a long vertical incision in front of the ear, I cut down on the cyst and 
endeavoured to work round it with my finger, but from old adhesions, due, 
probably, to the inflammation set up by the local irritating applications, I was 
unable to detach it without the aid of the scalpel. 

After some difficulty the mass was removed without the necessity of 
securing a single vessel, but in the cavity left, the large vessels of the neck 
eould be distinctly seen and felt. ’ 
The operation was performed under the antiseptic spray, and all precautions 
taken to try and secure union of the wound by the “ first intention,” but about 
three hours afterwards profuse heemorrhage set in, and it was found 
necessary to open it and inject the tincture of the perchloride of iron, 
sere had the desired effect, but which retarded its healing for a considerable 
period. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 233 


® 


Report on Nature of Tumour, by Surgeon-Major J. Fleming, A.M.D, 


“It is somewhat kidney shaped, distinctly lobulated on its surface, and 
surrounded by a strong fibrous capsule, which does not dip between the lobules. 
Its dimensions are as follows : 


t * Length .... Le ... 12 inches. 
Breadth ... ‘ie ast ehevt bss 
Thickness « wAvesipehehh: :hBatS5 


““On removing the capsule, the circumference of the tumor is found to be rather 
vascular, very soft, friable, and easily scraped away by the finger-nail, while 
towards the interior of the growth, the structure is of the consistence and has 
the physical appearance of cartilage. The tumor is made up of fibro-cellular 
tissue, and masses of cells chietly composed its greater part. The cells are 
mostly of the same character, being ovoid or circular, containing nucleoli, and 
they diminish in numbers towards the centre of the growth, which, though 
resembling cartilage, is composed of white fibrous tissue in a. state of great 
condensation. ; 

“The magnified sketch underneath gives an idea of the structure, above 
described, from within outwards, showing the gradual transition from the 
central condensed fibrous tissue towards the masses of cell structure on the 
right of the figure.” <‘ Judging from the vascularity of the tumor externally, 
and the great abundance and quality of the cell growth, it is a structure which 
would be liable to recur if any portion were left behind; but in the present 
instance the whole (as contained within the capsule) appears to have been 
removed in its entirety.” 


A Section of Parotid Tumour magnified. 


Case No. 7.—Removal of a Bullet which had been lodged for nearly Two Years 
and a Half. 


Major A. A. G., 103rd Regiment, was wounded on the 27th of October, 
1873, when engaged with the enemy at Dungualo, Ashantee. According to the 
statement of his case, the missile entered the left groin, a little over an inch to 
the outside of the great vessels and an inch below Poupart’s ligament ; it passed 


outwards, backwards, and downwards below the great trochanter. Several 


attempts were made, both on the coast and at home, to discover the missile, but 
without success, and for nearly two years and a-half it remained lodged, giving 
rise to a copious discharge through the opening of a sinus at the wound of 
entrance, and causing impairment of health, with great inconvenience. 

Haying made several examinations with the different.exploring instruments 
which have been invented from time to time, no definite conclusion was arrived 
at, further than the discovery of a hard substance, fully three inches deep on 
the outer side of the femoral artery, 


234 -ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


Major G. having agreed to an attempt being made to remove it, on the 
4th April, 1876, he was placed under the influence of ether, the opening of the: 
sinus enlarged with a probe-pointed bistoury, and the little finger of my right 
hand introduced into the wound, the tip of which could just reach the missile ; 
by a little manipulation, with the left hand pressing towards the finger, the 
missile was hooked by the first phalax, and by still further enlarging the wound’ 
outwards, an iron bullet, 82 grains in weight, was removed. 

The wound was dressed from the bottom with lint saturated with carbolised 
oil, and at the end of one month it had completely healed. 

No indication of metal having been given by the electric explorer, even when 
the bullet was out of the wourd it was found to be coated with clay, which 
prevented contact: with the poles of the explorer, 


Case No. 8.—Removal of a Bullet after being lodged for Sie Months. 


W. L., of the 70th Regiment, was wounded in an engagement against: the 
Malays, near Sunghie Wyong, on the 7th of December, 1875 

The projectile entered the inner side of the right thigh, about 6 inches 
above the knee. Immediately he was struck, he fell, but experienced very 
little pain or faintness. Un attempting to rise again, he found he could not 


lift the injured limb, as the bone was broken. He was conveyed to camp, & . 


distance of seven miles, where a careful search was made for the projectile, but 
no foreign body could be detected, 

The fracture united most satisfactorily, the limb having been treated in the 
bent position ; and, in April, 1876, he began to get about on crutches. 

On arrival at Netley Hospital, the 2nd of the following June, there was a 
small circular depressed cicatrix (the wound of entrance), 1} inch in diameter, 
on the inner side of the right thigh, about 4 inches above the condyle, and a 
little nearer the front than the back of the limb. In the centre of this cicatrix 
was an extremely minute opening, through which.a probe could be passed into 
a sinus 1 inch in length, and at the end of this a hard foreign body could be 
felt lying in the soft tissues, and that this was the missile which caused the 
wound there can be no doubt. 

This minute opening was enlarged in a vertical direction to the extent of 
about one inch and a half, the forefinger of left hand passed down to the foreign 
body so as to fix it, and a bullet forceps then introduced, and a block tin and 
porcelain bullet extracted witli some trouble, it having become encysted. 
Weight of bullet, 141 grains. 

A small piece of necrosed bone, about the size of sixpence, came away 
about 6 days after the operation, when the wound rapidly closed. 

There is special interest attached to this case of gunshot fracture of the 
thigh, as, notwithstanding the patient having been carried for seven miles in a 
most primitive manner after he was wounded, no complications arose during 
the treatment which in any way retarded his recovery. 

When the patient left Netley Hospital, there was considerable thickening 
of the lower third of the femur, and the limb was apparently shorter than the 
sound one, : 

Illustration No. 1 represents the missile in its natural size and form, which 
was removed from this patient, weight 141 grains, and which is composed of 
tin apparently hammered into a spherical form, within this metal is a piece of 
porcelain, a portion of which is represented by the dark spot, p. The object of 
this porcelain it is difficult.to discern, as it does not add any special weight to 
the missile, and did not become detached on striking the bone, as might have 
been supposed, with a view to aggravate the wound. * 

Ulustrations Nos, 2 and 8 also represent missiles composed of tin and’ 
porcelain, with which two men of the 10th Regiment were wounded during the 
same engagement. No. 2 is apparently a section of a piece of thick wire, 
weight 146 grains; and No, 8 is a spherical bullet, weight 171 grains, fvery 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 235 


irregular in shape, with a small nipple-like projection, and a large portion of 
porcelain, p, appearing. 


No. 1. pre tMion2, No. 3. 


Case No. 9.—Gunshot Wound of the Right Side of the Face, followed by total 
Destruction of the Hye and great Loss of Tisswes—Extirpation of Lachrymal’ 
Gland—Removal of Tarsal Cartilage, and Skin grafting, , 


No. 67, Private D. C., of the 74th Highlanders, on the 10th of March, 
1876, after indulging too freely in alcohol, attempted to commit suicide by 
shooting himself with his rifle. The bullet entered his neck, about. } of an 
inch behind the anterior margin of the right sterno-mastoid muscle, on a level 
with the top of the thyroid cartilage, it passed upwards, penetrating the muscles 
of the tongue, shattered the lower jaw on the right side, about »n inch anterior 
to its angle, carried away the right malar bone and a portion of the floor of the 
right orbit, completely destroyed the soft parts on that side of the face, as also 
the right’ eye. There was a simple fracture of the frontal bone, extending 
backwards for about 2 inches, ‘There was violent hemorrhage, which appears 
to have been soon controlled. 

_ The wound was dressed with cotton wool soaked with carbolic oil; very 
little irritative fever followed the injury, and for some time he was fed by 
means of the tube belonging to the stomach pump ; several sloughs and_ pieces 
of bone came away, after which the wound healed, with the exception of a 
sinus communicating with the mouth at its right angle, and a large triangular- 
granulating surface extending from the orbit to the angle of the mouth, and 
from the side of the nose outwards to the prominence of the cheek, 

On arrival at Netley his general health was very good, but the granulating 
surface and sinus, as above described, still existed. The right upper eyelid was 
perfect, and its hairs, which rested on the granulating surface, kept up a constant 
state of irritation and purulent discharge, which trickled through the sinus 
into the mouth. The Jachrymal gland protruded from under the outer angle 
of the eyelid, and gave rise to much irritation on the outer half of the wound 
from the contact of tears which trickled into the mouth through the sinus at 
its outer angle, and on that portion of the wound, when these tears were shed, 
its surface had all the characters of mucous membrane. 

With a view to relieve the patient from this most uncomfortable condition, 
I at first contemplated a plastic operation, by taking some heaithy skin from 
the cheek, but afterwards decided to try skin grafting, and accordingly, on the 
11th of October,-1876, grafted three pieces of skin taken from over the right 
deltoid muscle. __ 

On examining the wound three days after the operation, I found the grafts 
had been washed away by the discharge and tears. 1 then decided to try the 
operation again under different conditions, and on the 18th of October, the 
patient being under the influence of chloroform, first removed the tarsal 
cartilage of the upper eyelid, by which the irritation from the hairs was at 
once obviated. The mucous membrane lining the orbit and lid was then 
dissected off, and with it the lichrymal glend extirpated. The granulating - 
surface was freely scored with a scalpel, and three pieces of skin taken from 
over the deltoid muscle engrafted. 

The surface of the wound was then dressed with carbolic oil, 1 in 40, and. 
the whole secured with a pad of cotton wool and bandage. 


~ 


236 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


On thejthird day it was found two of the skin grafts had taken, and that all 
flow of tears and pus from the wound into the mouth had ceased. On three 
subsequent occasions skin grafts were again tried, but without success ; however, 
those which had taken increased in circumference, the wound gradually con- 
tracted, and is now in a fair way for being completely skinned over, the 
application of salicylic acid assisting this process in a great measure, 


Remarks on Cases of Stricture of the Urethra. 


During the year 1876, 33 cases of stricture of the urethra were treated in 
Netley Hospital, all of which were admitted from foreign stations. Of these 
_ 27 had their origin in gonorrhea ; 8 in gonorrhoea and injury combined ; 1 in 
local injury ; and in 2 the patients could not ‘account in any way for the 
disease. ee Ae ‘ 

Most of the cases had strong injections for the treatment of the gonorrhea, 
which disease in many instances became gleet, extending over considerable 
periods, the urethra gradually becoming contracted. 

In 2 cases there were fistula in perineo, and in 1 chronic orchitis, which 
complications disappeared as the strictures were cured. eels 

Of the position of the 88 strictures, 1 was at the external meatus 3; 3 within 
Li inches, 3 within 24 inches, 5 within 3} inches, 2 within 5 inches, 18 within 
53 inches, 7 within 64 inches, and 2 within 7} inches, of the external meatus ; 
2 were noted as being at the neck of the bladder: making a total of 38 
strictures in 33 cases, 5 therefore had 2 strictures each. 

Treatment.—In 31 cases gradual dilatation with metal or elastic instruments 
was carried out with marked success ; 2 cases were treated with Mr, Holt’s 
forcible dilator and dilatation after the operation with metal and elastic instru- 
ments, both being successful. 

In 1 case division of a stricture at the external meatus was found necessary, 
pain and distress in micturating being at once relieved. 

In 1 case there was complete retention of urine, from a hard, firm, permanent 
stricture in the penile portion of the urethra. Puncture of the bladder was 
performed per rectum, which was followed by relief and cure of stricture. See 
Case No. 5, 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 237 


é 


APPENDIX No. III. 


REPORT ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF CHLOROFORM AND 
ETHER AS ANAISTHETICS. 


By Surgeon-Major Porrsr, Assistant Professor of Military Surgery. 


Dunxine the year 1876 chloroform and ether were administered at Netley. 
Hospital in 21 and 15 cases respectively. 
} ‘The following is an analysis of the time taken to place the patients under 
their influence, the quantity used, and their general effects; as taken from a 
register kept for that purpose :— 


Chloroform. 
Minutes. Seconds. 

Shortest time taken to place under influence ect 2 0 
Longest time .... ae ea 8 is eee) 0 
Average time .... axe os ie Mey eat 8 5 
Average time under influence brad ca way. apa 20 
Smallest quantity used in any one case ..., Sy 1 drachm 

Largest quantity used gras uase a 12 drachms 
Average ae oe - : m tae 3 9 


Vomiting occurred in 2 cases during or after the administration of the 
drug. 
ie cliwraent in 11 cases during or after the administration of the drug. 
Tn 2 cases there were most grave and alarming symptoms, sudden failure 
of the pulse, lividity of countenance, and feeble respiration, obliging the 
operator to discontinue the anesthetic and restore suspended animation, by 
pulling the tongue forward, using artificial respiration, and allowing a free 
current of fresh air to pass over the body, 


Ether, 

. Minutes. Seconds. 
Shortest time taken to place under influence a 7 0 
Longest time .... eit free Bo Sue we AD 0 
Average time .... ag ae a ve Eaials 0 
Average time under influence __.... ss eee eh 41 
Smallest quantity used in any one case... ee 2% 0%. 

Largest quantity used in any one case... abla 
Average ie ies 6s, 


Vomiting occurred in 4 cases during or after the administration of the 
drug. 
Tcgicement occurred in 10 cases during or after the administration of the 


drug. Tihneceeertamtanrrae 

‘the ansesthetics were invariably administered on empty stomach.—Chloro- 
form by means of a handkerchief or towel folded into the form of a cone, 
or sprinkled on thin flannel stretched on a wire frame.—The ether, with one 
exception, was given with Dr. Thomas Skinnev’s apparatus—“ Punch’s Nose,” 
as described in the British Medical Journal of October 2, 1875, page 243. 
It is certainly more tedious than Morgan’s apparatus, and wasteful, but has the 
advantage of being more portable. 


238 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. . 


APPENDIX No. IV. 


ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND CAUSATION OF FACO-MALARIAL 
FEVER. : 


By Surgeon-Major Jas. Y. Dowaxpsoy, M.D. 


pome confusion having arisen as to what constitutes Malta, or, as I prefer to 
call it, Feeco-malarial, or Mediterranean fever {forit exists in Gibraltar as 
well as in Malta), the following remarks are intended to throw some light upon 
the subject. By feeco-malarial fever, I mean what has been called by Marston 
and others, “ gastric remittent fever,” which I think better deserves the name 
of Malta fever than the febricula common to other warm countries, which is 
generally recognised by that name. I think the designation suggested by 
Professor Maclean a bad one—typho-malarial fever—as it is compounded of a 
cause anda result. By the word “ malaria” I mean all noxious exhalations from 
the soil, or buildings thereon, capable of generating disease, and by “ feco= 
malaria,” noxious exhalations from decomposing sewage or faecal matter. I 
shall speak of malaria in the sense Professor Maclean uses the word, as marsh 
malaria, or miasma. 

The febrile conditions requiring to be distinguished in Malta, are commonly 
the following, viz., (1) febricula, including simple continued fever ; (2) febrile 
‘dyspepsia ; (3) feco-malarial fever ; (4) enteric fever. 

When a soldier reports himself sick with febrile symptoms, the following 
questions are put to him :—How long have you been ill? Was your appetite 
good up to the day on which the shivering, headache, or pains in the “ bones,” 
commenced, or had you been losing it for some days previously? If he had 
been ill only for a day or two, and had had a good appetite up to the commence- 
‘ment of the rigor, &c., the disease would most likely be febricula (including 
‘simple continued fever), if, on the contrary, he cannot well tell when he first 
began to feel out of sorts, but states he has been able to take but little food for 
some. days, and has had occasional headache and feeling of chilliness, then in all 
probability the disease will turn out to be, in the summer or early autumn, 
at febrile dyspepsia or feeco-malarial fever, or, later in the autumn, enteric 
fever. 

The latter may occur earlier in the season, or indeed any time throughout 
the year, although most common in the autumn, 

The diagnosis betwixt feeco-malarial and enteric fever, which of the above 
mamed diseases resemble each other most, is further made, as follows, viz :— 


Enteric Fever. 


General aspect depressed, as if suf- 
‘fering from the effects of a poison. 

Characteristic eruption on skin. 

Diarrheea. 

Temperature following a. definite 
course. 

One exacerbation and remission in 
twenty-four hours. 

Bronchitis common. 

Delirium common. 

A signal loss of strength early in 
the disease. 

No such periods. 


Relapses not common. 


Feeco-Malarial Fever. 


General aspect natural. 


No eruption on skin. 
Constipation. 
Temperature very irregular. 


One, two, or three paroxysms and 
remissions during twenty-four hours. 

Bronchitis rare. 

Delirium rare... 

Strength not so much impaired as 
might be expected. 

In latter stages, periods of complete 
freedom from fever. 

Very liable to relapses. ~ 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 239 


Enteric Fever. Feco-Malarial Fever. 
Rheumatic and neuralgic sequelee Rheumatic and neuralgic sequel 
- mot common. the rule. 
Mortality about 25 per cent. —~ Very seldom fatal. 
Post-mortem appearanees : enlarge - Wo such glandular affection : hy- 


-meut or ulceration of Peyer's glands, perszemia of duodenum, and upper 
or solitary glands of large intestine, part of jejunum, often very intense. 
-or both. 

The above diagnosis is generally applicable, although cases occur, chiefly in 
the autumn, where it is impossible to tell which of the above diseases you have 
before you, ‘and a post-mortem examination alone can settle the point ; these 
“mixed cases” will be alluded to again under the head of “ Causation.” 

Febrile dyspepsia is distinguished from either of the above, at whatever 
“season of the year it may occur, by the pyrexia being intermittent-and the 
paroxysms very irregular in their onset, intensity, and duration, from the very 
beginning of the disease, and it is almost always attended with marked 
“depression of spirits, amounting in some cases almost to melancholia, 

febricula is chiefly recognised by the history of the onset, as above noted, 
and by its ending in a very few days by crisis. 

The name simple continued fever is applied to cases of febricula lasting 
more than three or four days, although some medical officers at this station 
-apply that term to what has been called in this article feeco-malarial fever. 

A few remarks may be made on some of the above diagnostic symptoms. 

I, General expression of Patient.—On entering a ward where both enteric'and 
feeco-malarial fever cases are being treated, it is, as a rule, easy to tell which is 
~which by the expression of the countenance alone. The face of a patient with 
feeco-malarial fever may have an aneemic or flushed appearance, according as 
to whether he is seen in the exacerbation or remission, but the expression is, 
otherwise, as in health ; that of tle enteric fever patient wears a look of one 
suffering from serious disease ; I have called it a poisoned expression. 

Il. Diarrhoea and Constipation. —In feco-malarial fever there is almost 
always constipation ; the reverse obtains in the cases of soldiers of intemperate 
habits who have had diarr hoea, or a tendency to diarrheea, before being attacked 
with the disease. 

Ill. Temperature.—tin feeco-malarial fever it is very irregular, on account of 
there being often more than .one exacerbation and remission during the 
‘twenty-four hours. Records of temperature taken only twice daily are hence 
-of little use in this disease. 

lV. Exacerbations and Remissions.—These are evident in all cases of feeco- 
malarial fever from the beginning of the disease, and are not to be confounded 
-with the evening exacerbations and morning remissions of enteric or other 
fevers. ‘The exacerbations in the first noticed disease may occur during any 
part of the twenty-four hours, and their onset is generally marked by an 
evident increase of headache, chilliness, or rigors; I have seen the rigors as 
well marked as in ague, and lasting for hours. The remissions and exacerba- 
tions become better marked as the disease advances, and often in the latter 
stages the fever becomes an irregular intermittent. 

V. Delirium in foco-malarial fever is rare ; when it happens it generally 
indicates a complication. 

VI. Loss of Strength. iio is often but little loss of strength, even 
in long-continued cases of feeco-malarial fever ; indeed some of the cases do not 
come into hospital at all during the febrile stage, but report themselves sick 
when neuralgia, effusion into one of the joints (generally the knee), or some 
other painful sequelae occurs. 

VIL. Post-mortem Appearances —The pathognomonic lesion of feeco-malarial 
fever is hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the duodenum and upper 
part of the jejunum, always well marked and often intense; softening of the 
mucous membrane of above parts may or may not be present. This hypersemia 
“thay appear in other parts of the mucous membrane of the alimentary canal, 
but its existence there is not constant. All cases where there is enlargement 
or ulceration of Peyer’s glands, or of the solitary glands of the large intestine, 
smust be looked upon as belonging to enteric fever, Fatal cases oceur where: 


Q 2 


240 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


both the above sets of post-mortem appearances occur together ; these are mixed 
cases .and during life the symptoms will be found partaking both of feeco- 
malarial and enteric fevers. Cases of undoubted enteric fever occur at this 
station, where the only lesion in the alimentary canal found after death 
is in the solitary glands of the large intestine. 

The fevers above enumerated are subject to modifications—the so-called 
“bilious fevers.” These seem to me to be but explosive forms of those already 
mentioned ; that is, cases where the force of the disease, in pl ce of being 
spread over weeks or months, as is usually the case, expends itself in a few 
days, and not new diseases. 


Causation. 


T look upon enteric and feeco-malarial fever and febrile dyspepsia as but 
different expressions of a similar cause, viz., the breathing of an air or the 
drinking of a water polluted by sewage or its emanations ; the former being 
due to the introduction of the poison through the drinking water, and the two iff 
latter-to its entrance through the air. An examination in detail of some points 
in connection with the air, water, and soil of Malta, as they influence the 
soldier, may serve to elucidate the above statements. 

Air.—The pollution of the air of the streets, and in a much more marked 
degree of the interior of the houses of the ‘ Three Cities,” in or near which 
most of the barracks of the island are situated, is very apparent, even to the 
casual observer. ‘This results almost wholly from the emanations from sewers : 
the primitive waterclosets in most Maltese houses and the numerous gratings 
in the streets being but so many ventilators for the very faulty sewage system 
with which they are connected. Dr. G. Gulia, an eminent local practitioner, 
states, that in Cospicua “effluvia arising from houses and sewers are so intense 
that silver articles left exposed in houses blacken in a short time.” (Il. Barth, 
6th March, 1875.) In the highest part of Cospicua is situated a barrack, noted 
for its fever epidemics, chiefly feeco-malarial, viz, Verdala. The rooms are 
casemates, built round a narrow irregular space, shut in on all sides. The 
drainage of Verdala barracks is connected with that of Cospicua, and the, 
outlets within the barvacks enclosure act as ventilators for the sewage system 
of the above-named most insanitary town. It may be said that the outlets of 
the drains within Verdala are trapped; this is allowed, but the traps are water 
ones, and the pressure on the sewage gas at the highest part of Cospicua—which 
is very evident in summer outside the barracks at places where there are only 
open gratings—easily forces them. Even although there were little or no 
pressure, the sewage gas soon saturates the water in the traps, and when this 
takes place effluvia is constantly given off from its surface, and the warmer the 
weather the more the gas disengaged. At the season of the year when the 
feeco-malarial fever occurs, the water supply of the barracks in question, 
although in part medically unsafe, is chemically usable, and in the part which 
is suspicious the deleterious matter may be supposed to exist in so diluted a 
state from the winter’s rains as to be incapable of producing disease. The 
barracks are situated on porous sandy limestone, the surface drainage is good, 
and the soil is not contaminated. The soldier also spends his leisure in the 
various insanitary towns, and seldom goes out into the country, so that when 
he is not inhaling the fco-malaria in his own barracks he 1s being poisoned 
with it otherwise, often in a more concentrated form, Hence it would appear 

‘that the only potent cause in operation at the season of the year when feco- 
malarial fever is rife—the summer and early autumn—is the constant inhalation 
of sewage emanations. The same sort of reasoning may be applied to some of - 
the other barracks in the Command where feco-malarial fever occurs. » To all 
this a plausible objection may be brought forward ; it may be asked, Why does 
feeco-malarial fever occur in the summer and early autumn? why does it not 

revail at other seasons also ? (it does occur, however, at other times) since the 
urtful sewage emanations are evolved for the whole warm part of the year, 
This may be answered by assuming that those susceptible of feeco-malarial fever 
have mostly all succumbed before the autumn is reached, and that by this time 
another set of causes have come into operation, producing a separate form of 
fever. The question of marsh malaria will be discussed in connection with t 


Soil.” 


Dita athe 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. ya | 


Water. 


Waiter is supplied from two aqueducts and from numerous tanks containing 
rain water, but the tanks for the use of the troops sometimes contain a mixture. 
of both. The chief characteristics of this water are its containing lime and 
chlorides. Parkes (Hygiene, p. 592) accounts for the latter on the supposition 
that the spray from the sea falls on the roofs of buildings and is hence washed 
into the tanks. But there are many tanks which the spray cannot reach, and 
to which this method, therefore, cannot apply. I think it more probable that 
both the lime and chlorides are drawn from the strata over which the water 
flows ; it alwaysruns over the sandy limestone in some part of its course (its 
analysis is given under soil), which torms the buildings, roofs of tanks, roads, 
parades, and other collecting surfaces, and would naturally wash out part of the 
chlorides aad lime which it contains. Chemically, the tank water is usable, 
although, from a medical point of view, it is unsafe; it is so because the 
collecting surfaces are subject to pollution, sometimes of the worst description. 
The following examples may be given: (1) The new military hospital for 
the Cotonera district: the collecting surfaces for the water of this building are 
the roofs of the hospital, kitchen, &c., the hospital grounds, a neighbouring 
bastion and parade ground!! (2) Verdala barracks : partly from the roofs of the 
buildings, partly irom the ditch of the fortification where it isa common 
thoroughfare. (8) Fort Ricasoli, partly from aqueduct, partly from parade, 
&c. In some barracks, such as Pembroke Camp, where the collecting surfaces 
ave the roofs of the buildings, the public roads and the neighbouring rock 
ground, part of it is said to be filtered before reaching the tanks, that is, it is 
allowed to run through upright slabs of porous stone before reaching them: it 
thus undergoes a straining process, by which means suspended matters are in a 
measure removed. As the chemist cannot detect the germs of disease, there is 
always a suspicion that these may exist in such water as above described, from 
the nature of the collecting surfaces; and from the same cause also during 
epidemic seasons of cholera, or the like, the tanks would be subject to sudden 
contamination with the contagious matter of those epidemics, and thus carry 
destruction far and wide. How this water does not, under ordinary circum- 
stances, produce the fever under consideration, has already been explained ; 
that it is capable of conveying many other diseases may be allowed. 


~ Sozl. 


Tiie soil on which all the barracks, with one exception, are situated is 
composed of humvs and the debris of underlying saridy limestone ; its depth 
varies much. ‘The exception being Pembroke Camp Barracks, where the soil 
is humus resting on the lower semi-crystalline limestone. The stone of which 
the barracks and houses are built and on which they mostly rest has been 
called by most authorities “sandstone.” ‘The following is its composition :— 


Calcium, carbonate oa ae ae: 882°41 
Calcium and sodium, chloride .... eae 59 
Pilican ath. ates are be a 117-00 

1000:00 


It would thus be more correctly named a sandy limestone. ‘The proportion of 
chlorides varies from circumstances for which no adequate reason has been 
assigned. It willybe now clear why the water supply of Malta, which runs 
over or traverses the above sandy limestone in some part of its course, 
contains lime and chlorides, and why borings in strata of this kind with the 
expectation of finding fresh water should meet with failure. In 1867 a shaft 
was sunk through this sandy limestone in order to try and obtain an addition 
to the water snpply of the island ; at the depth of 110 feet the supply of water 
was 112 gallons per hour, but it was brackish and unfit for use. (he water 
for the Wignan court and Fauara aqueducts is derived fron’ the upper lime- 
stone.) The drains in Malta are usually described as narrow deep channels cut 
in the soft porous rock, but it should also be added that the sewers are covered 
inside with a coating of cement, and are thus, except where the cement has 
given way, impervious ; some of the drains conveying surface water to the 


242 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


sewers are, however, without cement, and would ‘answer to the above 
description. I have seen some of the oldest sewers opened and have examined 
their margins, and here and there a dark stain extended into the cream-- 
coloured calcareous sandstone to a distance of about four inches where the 
cement had given way, but this was all; the “fecal saturation of the part of, 
the island occupied by the troops” (Maclean in Edinburgh Medical Journal, 
September 1876) I have never been able to verify ; it is probably an inference 
from the above-mentioned erroneous idea concerning the sewers. That the air 
is saturated with fecal emanations, I allow, but these proceed from the 
numerous outlets of the sewers and not from the soil or subsoil. One hears: 
often of the dry and rocky soil of Malta, but those who use this expression take: 
but a superficial view of the island. On the north-west coast are situated’ 
various valleys, notably Wied Emtahlep and Wied Gineyna, where a scanty 
-<goil rests on wet marl all the year round, and where “cases of intermittent. 
fever now and then takes place in the labourers’ cottages” (Dr. G. Gulia in 
Il. Barth, No. 1), and would no doubt, considering the structure of these 
valleys, take place oftener were it not that they are so thinly inhabited. 
These valleys are situated about ten miles from the barracks inhabited by the 
troops, and hence the marsh malaria from them can scarcely affect the soldier ; 
but there is a place nearer at hand, indeed within a halfa mile of the Floriana 
Barracks, productive of marsh malaria at certain seasons, viz., the. Marsa, 
This is a low lying strip of alluvium at the top of the Grand Harbour, through 
which in the winter months a streamlet flows, forming the outlet of the 
surface drainage of a large part of the island east of the Bengemma Hills, In 
summer this streamlet is quite dry, or nearly so, but there are various water 
channels communicating with it supplied from wells in the marsh itself, and. 
these are damp all summer through. This tract of land seems to have beew 
formed from soil brought down by the streamlet above alluded to, and has been 
at an earlier period a sort of delta. An abundant supply of water is found a 
few feet below the surface of the Marsa, and early in the summer mornings a 
mist hangs over it, extending through the village of Casal Curmi to St. Antonio 
Palace and Casal Lia. In former years, before the improvements took place at 
the top of the Grand Harbour, the Marsa was much more swampy than it is at 
present, and the neighbouring villages of Casal Paolo and Casal Curmi were 
then much afflicted with marsh malarious fever in its various types. ‘his has 
now disappeared from these villages, but cases of intermittent fever still occur 
amongst the residents (civilian) at the military laundry, which is situated on 
the edge of the Marsa itself. About a mile to the west of Valletta, there is 
the low-lying village of Misida ; it is placed at the top of the Marsa Muscetto. 
Harbour and at the entrance of the Birchicara Valley : the houses form two. 
legs of a letter V and betwixt these is situated a swampy piece of ground, now- 
in process of being filled up and drained, known as the “fish pond.” Cases of 
intermittent fever occur amongst the inhabitants of this village, There are- 
other places in the island where from their structure it might be inferred that 
marsh malaria would be developed, but from these no trustworthy information 
can be obtained, With all this evidence of the existence of marsh. malaria in. 
Malta, there can be no hesitation in accepting the opinion of Professor 
Maclean “that there is a stout thread of malaria running, so to speak,” 
through some of the fevers: of that station. To my mind there is only one 
thing which militates against that view, viz., quinine has no curative effect on 
these diseases: given in large doses, it reducesthe temperature for a time, but 
nothing more, I am aware that because quinine benefits a febrile disease, 
this is not of itself sufficient evidence of the marsh-malarious origin of that 
disease, and the converse of this proportion may be true. On the whole, then, 
feeco malarial fever may be supposed to be due to the constant inhalation of 
emanations from decomposing sewage, and to be complicated, in the majority of 
eases, with the poison of marsh malaria. 


Matta, 
12th March, 1877. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 243 


Notz by Dr. W. C. Maotzan, C.B., Professor of Military Medicine, Royal 
Victoria Hospital, Netley. 


Kyowrne the interest I take in the etiology of the fevers which prevail 
in the great fortresses of the Mediterranean, Surgeon-Major Donaldson was. 
kind enough to send me for perusal, before publication, his contribution 
towards the right diagnosis of that hybrid form of fever to which I 
gave the name of typho-malarial ; it will be seen that Dr. Donaldson objects. 
to this name, and wishes to substitute that of fwco-malarial, on the ground,. 
if Trightly understand him, thatthe term used by me, and which by the way 
is extensively used in India to designate a hybrid fever of the same kind, does: 
not sufficiently indicate the\feecal factor in the genesis’ of this protracted and 
distressing form of fever. 

Now, it may seem hardly worth while to dispute about a name; the oft 
quoted “ What’s in a name ?” will rise to the lips of many ; but not to dwell on 
the obvious objections to the multiplication of names intended to designate one 
disease, I think we have here a capital example of a “ distinction without a 
difference.” If Dr. Donaldson wishes to have the feecal factor clearly defined, 
he need not exercise his ingenuity in seeking a term stronger than the abbre- 
viated “typho ” for “typhoid,” which to my mind is the very type of a fecal 
disease, and which, for all practical purposes, sufficiently marks the poison that 
plays so active a part in the origin of this fever, without the introduction of « 
uselessly unpleasant word, or part of a word. The most refined people now 
a-days in general society talk freely of “house drains ” and “ drainage ” and 
“sewer air,” but whatever may be in store for us in the popular “ Medicine of 
of the future,” I trust we are a long way off from having to talk about fecal 
fevers, when we can find another term that will as significantly indicate the 
fons e& origo of the disease without the aid of a term so unsavoury. 

I venture with more pleasure to point to a significant fact, noted by 
Dr. Donaldson as commonly observed in the post-mortem examinations of those 
who die of this typho-malarial fever, which I commend to the attention of those: 
that say there is no malaria generated in Malta; it is this, the hyperemia 
and softening in the upper part of the small intestine : a lesion of all others the 
most frequently noted by French and Italian physicians in the post-mortem 
aor of those dying of the pernicious fevers of the malarial regions of 

taly. 


if 
Sai. 


244 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


APPENDIX No. Y. 


CASE OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION, FOLLOWED BY 
PERFORATIVE PERITONITIS. 


By Surgeon-Major Wittram Hensman, 


Private ————.,, 46th Regiment ; age 24; service 4 years in England and 
Bermuda, Previous disease in sequence, tonsillitis, acute rheumatism, synovitis, 
acute rheumatism. Admitted on 30th January, 1877, and had suffered for 
8 days with colicky pains and constipation ; he also mentioned that he had 
eaten some oilcake:; he was given a purgative. 

Jan. 31. Colicky pains have continued all night, and the medicine has 
_ not acted ; there is vomiting, rather frequent, of the fluid contents of stomach : 

no signs of hernia, peetweud THOSE Z 2 

Ordered.—Effervescing draughts every hour; cal. gr. ii, opium }, every 
3 hours ; turpentine stupe. 

Feb. 1. Appeared to be improving, and the calomel and opium discontinued. 

Feb. 2. Complains of radiating pains, especially on left side ; constipation 
obstinate, no flatus passing ; vomiting stercoraceous ; abdomen tympanitic and 
distended ; great tenderness on pressure; he sits up. in bed and leans forward 
for relief ; much depression ; urine passed in normal quantity ; examination of 
rectum made, but no obstruction found. 


An enema was given with a long tube, he was ordered 1 gr. of opium - 


every 3 hours, and fomentations. In the evening the enema was repeated, 
and a warm bath given. 

Feb. 8. Same way. Treatment continued, 

Feb. 4. Great depression ; restless, and in great pain; no relief to 
symptoms. Galvanism applied along course of colon, and an evacuation of 
soft faecal matter obtained. 

Feb. 4. Depression more marked ; no relief, Died at noon. 

Post-mortem, 24 hours after death. 

: External surface of body strongly discoloured by post-mortem changes, 
especially over abdomen, On exposing the eblominal contents, putrefactive 

changes had already set in ; the contents of the thorax, with the liver and 
stomach, were thrust upwards as high as the fuurth rib. Peritoneum adherent 
to walls throughout, and darkly vascular ; some sero-purulent fluid was present 
in the pelvis. 

Small intestines were swollen, distended, and inflamed ; proceeding down- 
wards from jejunum the inflammation more marked ; ileum deeply discoloured, 

Ceecum occupied the epigastrium, largely distended and gangrenous ; it 
contained three pints of soft bilious feecal. matter ; there was a perforation 
size of pinhole, from which the fluid contents escaped on handling ; the extra- 
ordinary position of this portion of the intestine is explained by what follows. 
Ascending colon was connected along nearly its whole length, and’ was closely 
approximated to the transverse portion, carrying the caecum upwards into the 
epigastrium, forming a loop at the hepatic flexure, the connecting medium being 
a network of white opaque’ inelastic filamentous tissue with a tenacity equal 
to |twine, not the result of recent inflammation, but of old date, Vermiform 
appendix was free from obstruction. 

Descending colon contracted to 1 inch diameter, empty and free from 
disease. General peritonitis over surface of intestine 3 recent soft exudations 
and flakes and shreds of lymph. A round worm was found in the bowel, 

_ There was no intussusception or strangulation ; the finger could be passed 
from the distended cecum to the contracted descending colon, but the inter- 
vening portion was so constricted and bound by adventitious tissue, that its 
verimicular action must have been very much weakéned and spasm easily 
aroused, while passage through it must have been difficult at the best of times 
and likely from slight causes to become arrested, distension following, with the 
symptoms and issue which have been recorded. fe 

rae 


ap 
‘APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 945 


APPENDIX No. VI. 


A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ETIOLOGY OF HEART DISEASE 
IN THE ARMY. 


By Surgeon F, Arruur Davy, M.D. 


Mr. Myzrs has done good service in bringing into prominence, by means 
of his essay—the ‘“‘ Alexander” Prize E'ssay—the causes,which, in his opinion, 
are at work in the production of heart diseases in the army : for, the disability 
under which the army has laboured, in this respect, and continues to labour, is 
very great indeed. He points out the much greater prevalence of heart 
affections of all kinds among soldiers than among the civil population, 
although soldiers are most carefully selected :—and after giving due 
prominence to such influences in the production of organic and functional 
cardiac diseases as Bright’s disease, acute rheumatism, abuse of alcohol, syphilis, 
excessive smoking, &c., he rightly sums up that some other cause—to account 
for the excess—must be at work which is not at work among the civil 
population ; and that that cause is to be found in the mechanical obstruction 
to the circulation which is exercised by the tightly-fitting clothing and 
accoutrements of the men. \I am fully sensible of the importance of that 
conclusion ; and it is much to be regretted that the soldier’s dress, as now 
regulated, does not allow that complete freedom trom constriction, which, when 
work is expected of him, he ought to enjoy. But taking, as I do, mechanical 
obstruction to the circulation, and excessive strain on the heart, to be the 
causes of the excess of heart diseases among soldiers, I think it is to be 
regretted that, in the admirable essay alluded to, the conditions by which 
mechanical obstruction and excessive strain may be brought about, are not 
more fully considered. One condition, or rather set of conditions, which 
exercises a powerful influence in tlre causation of heart disease in the army has 
not been discussed. It will be the object of this paper briefly to point them 
out. I allude to the manner in which the early training of the recruit is 
conducted. Mr. Myers’ book has only the following paragraph on the subject. 
He remarks on the severity of the drill, but does not say in what the severity 
of it consists ; and no solution is offered of the exhaustion induced by it :— 
“ The training of recruits should extend over a longer period, and, like gym- 
nastics, should not be severe at first.. I have often seen recruits perfectly 
exhausted after their morning’s drill, and I am led to believe that the course 
of instruction they undergo is, owing to its severity, particularly obnoxious 
to them, and it is one which, with the present uniform, is very apt to lay the 
foundation of much heart disease in the army.” This exhausting drill is not 
further considered, but Mr. Myers’ remarks constitute strong evidence against 
it. Training ought not to result in exhaustion ; if it does it is bad training. 
I hope to make it plain, in the few short paragraphs which I can devote to the 
subject, that cardiac irritability, resulting from deranged innervation of the 
organ, irregularity of rhythm, inequality in strength in the cardiac contractions, 
as well as hypertrophy and dilatation, with their possible consequences to 
the efliciency of the valves and to the aorta, have their starting point in a 
great proportion of the cases invalided in the orders of the drill-sergeant ; and 
that in obedience to him mechanical obstruction and strain are imposed. on 
organs (especially on the heart) the integrity of which it should be the object 
of all training to preserve. 

It will be well to state, at the outset, that I base the claim of the argument 
on a consideration of the degree in which the physiological conditions, under 
which the heart and lungs perform their functions, are altered by the treat- 
-ment which the recruit undergoes from the commencement of his career ; and 
that the resulting mischief bears a definite proportion to the degree of this 
alteration in each individual recruit. Those are most injuriously affected who 
most accurately carry out the orders of the drill-sergeant Now, I do not say 


i, 
are 


246 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, - 

that tight uniforms and ill-adjusted accoutrements do not aid in producing the 
unhappy result: their adverse influence has been amply demonstrated : but I 
do say that, if the clothing exercised no injurious influence whatever,. 
mechanical obstruction to the circulation and excessive strain on the heart can: 
be brought about by other means. I will now consider the means to this end 
provided in the drilling of the recruit. 

The improvement of the physique of the recruit being the object in view,. 
the following is one of the modes in which it is attempted to attain it. He is. 
made to stand bolt-upright, his head well back, and his chest, being dilated to 
the fullest inspiration, is sept as much as possible so dilated. I need not 
specify this attitude of “attention” further ; an attitude useful for no kind or 
description of work. This artificial dilatation of the chest is the point on: 
which I wish to fix.special attention. I will show good reason for calling it 
artificial later on. Now, let it first be conceded that the regulation drill- 
sergeant regards this expanded condition of the chest as the chief object to be 
attained in the recruits standing before him: He calls it “ setting-up drill.’” 
The drill would not deserve the-name without it. Any recruit in the squad 
who does not keep his chest thrown prominently forward, and fully expanded, 
soon has his attention called to the fact. For anybody who will not concede 
this point, the following remarks will have no weight. I believe the surgeons 
of the army will concede it, We have, doubtless, all. remarked the manner in 
which the soldier dilates his chest, and keeps it dilated, when he is about to be 
examined with the stethoscope: much to the annoyance of the surgeon. It is 
the lesson taught him when he joins; he is to the manner trained, not born 
for in examining men for enlistment, I have never seen this dilating of the 
chest resorted to ; as civilians they do not think about their chests, Need I 
add that the caricaturist of the soldier never omits to represent him with:an 
abnormally large and prominent thorax, Perhaps even such a fact may point 
to an important truth. But without any remarks like these, I think it will be 
allowed that the condition described is forced on the recruit by the “setting-up 
drill.” Though conceding the point, an objector may ask, “* What harm results ; 
the training is supposed to be beneficial; and large capacity of chest is an 
advantage ?”” ‘To that matter I shall come presently ; now merely remarking 
that increased capacity is of no advantage when obtained at the expense of 
mobility. But I may reply for the moment by asking how (if no harm results) 
is the “severity” of the drill which Mr. M yers proclaims, but does not 
explain, accounted for: or the exhaustion which he has seen, as I have, result. 
from it? If merely prolonged drilling produce it, say under a hot summer sun, 
how is it that the drill-sergeant is not overcome or “exhausted”? He has the 
additional work of vociferating loudly all the time. If his being older has 
anything to do with it, so much the more reason for dealing gently with the 
recruit. No doubt he exemplifies in his own person the attitude he wishes the 
recruits to assume, but he does so only occasionally and momentarily. They 
are compelled by him to maintain this attitude, while he walks about with his 
hands behind his back. By an application of the law of survival, or rather 
non-invaliding, of the fittest, he remains to victimize as he has been, perhaps, 
victimized, to some extent himself. 

Let us now approach a body of dilated recruits as they are being drilled, 
and examine one of them. ‘The first thing to be noticed is that there is 
great elevation of the ribs of full inspiration, even the scaleni muscles being in 
action, There is also great depression of the diap'wagm ; and the sternum is 
thrown forward. Our eyes are just being attractec to the abnormal character 
of the heart’s impulse, when we mark with surprise that this distended 
condition of the lungs does not give place to a properly performed expiration ; 
that little descent of the ribs occurs, or adequate elevation of the diaphragm : 

_in other words, that the act of expiration is, to a great extent, in abeyance. 
This, because the recruit knows that he must, at all risks (discomfort notwith- 
standing, in most cases it does not amount to more at first), keep his chest 
expanded. “Now, what consequences must certainly follow when this so-called 
training is persisted in day after day. I shall not speak of the heart just now ; 
the consequences to it, of this training, are direct and immediate, as well as 
indirect. We know how inter-dependent the heart and lungs are; how 
inflUences affecting the heart soon affect the lungs, and vice versd; but it must 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 247 


at once occur to the mind that, not only will the forces by which the important 
act of expiration is to a large extent accomplished in health (the elastic recoil 
of the lungs and of the chest walls) be, by repetition of this training, gradually 
diminished in power ; but that, as the man stands before you, the blood in his 
lungs must be undergoing a deficient aération. For as the diminution in size 
which takes place in the thorax when expiration is properly performed does 
not occur, it must follow that the air in the lungs charged with carbonic acid 
is not expelled to the usual extent to be replaced by new air from without. 
Now, in active exercise of any kind, it is of the last importance that expiration 
should be efficiently performed. Under these circumstances, a greatly increased 
quantity of carbonic acid having to be got rid of by the lungs, the respired, or 
charged, air needs to be expeiled by strong expiratory movements, and fresh: 
air inspired. In other words, the elastic power of recoil of the lungs and of 
the chest wall needs to be unimpaired. In very few soldiers have I found it 
so. The drill which the man before us is undergoing cannot be described as- 
active exercise, and that is the only reason why the position is tolerable at all. 
Further reasons, showing that the chemical functions of the lungs are impeded 
by the maintenance of this attitude, will appear when the effect of it on the 
heart is being considered. Before proceeding to the latter I must add—what 
we should have noticed when inspecting the recruit at his drill—that in the 
gradual weakening of the forces by which expiration is normally performed, 
the overstretching to which the abdominal muscles are subjected by the 
training, is a very important factor. In normal expiration, the contraction of 
these muscles diminishes the cavity of the chest by pressing the viscera against 
the passive diaphragm, and so elevating it. Im the artificial condition I 
describe, they are not only weakened by overstretching for this work, but 
their action is antagonized hy the diaphragm being sept depressed. 

I think it will be admitted, from the foregoing account (which I might 
extend by a full review of the mechanism of normal respiration—if this 
were necessary), that the degree in which the physiological conditions under 
which the expiratory act is performed in health is altered, is great. This 
alteration cannot take place with impunity. Pathological states commence 
when physiological conditions are departed from :—but I doubt, as concerning 
the result to the lungs, that the word “ pathological” will be admitted by 
all. For myself, I am convinced that vesicular emphysema, to some extent, 
occurs in nearly all the men—during the period of this training—from the 
continued and excessive distension of the aiy vesicles. Hypertrophy of the 
elastic parenchyma of the lungs might be expected to occur on the “ubi 
stimulus ibi fluxus” principle; but if it does it will not be compensatory 
and tending to the restitution of expiratory power; but will cause pressure 
upon, stretching cf, and partial obliteration of, the functional blood-vessels,— the 
pulmonary capillaries. I conclude, then, that you may increase the measure- 
ment of the recruit’s chest rapidly in this way; but that you do so at the 
expense of its mobility—at the expense of vital capacity : and that the recruit 
is thereby more or less unfitted for active exertion—one reason fur which 
result I have already given. : 

It has been shown that, sooner or later, the drill becomes distressing to the 
yecruit. He is-distressed, but still uncomplaining. it will be riglt now to. 
inquire why it should so distress him. Jf good reason can be shown why it 
must distress him, and in some cases (as Mr. Myers has it) even “exhaust” 
him ; it being at the same time admitted that exhausting, or even distressing, 
drill, cannot commend itself, on due consideration, to any well-regulated 
mind—then I consider that a claim will have been established to have this 
injurious drill discontinued. We noticed when inspecting the recruit at his 
drill that the cardiac impulse was abnormal. We must now see more minutely 
what is taking place. We cannot hear his heart beat as we stand before him— 
I daresay he hears it himself and feels it too—but we can learn a great deal 
by watching the cardiac region narrowly. ‘The organ, as I said, suffers early ; 
and even before the man thinks of complaining a pathological condition has 
commenced, =f : . 

I propose, then, Ist, to describe the abnormal manner in which the heart 
acts in the dilated chest ; 2nd, to give the causes of its abnormal behaviour ; 
8rd, to state why both one and the other (z.¢., the effect and its causes combined) 


a 


248 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


produce exhaustion, or distress, or discomfort, or a mere feeling of irksomeness, 
as the case may be. Lastly, to consider the pathological states of the organ 
which may be induced. 

Now, I shall be excused undertaking for a few moments this task, which is 
the chiefest part of the inquiry in hand, in order that I may disclaim any 
intention of exaggerating the consequences of this “ training.” A cause loses 
much hy being over-stated : more especially a cause like this, with tradition, 
prevalent mistaken notions of what « physique” means, military views, popular 
ideas, all against it. I would even take lower ground than Mr. Myers takes in 
the paragraph which I have quoted from his essay, lest it should be thought 
that I merely argued from the true and weighty statement which he makes, 
and leaves unsupported. It will be understood that I raise an issue quite 
distinct from the question of tight uniform and accoutrements, to which I shall, 
however, just allude presently. Now, pathological processes of great importance 
may proceed very quietly, and attract at first no attention on the part of the 
sufferer, Let us say the average recruit—speaking of those who withstand it 
hest—would describe his dilating drill ag merely irksome ; or he might call it 
discomfort : I do not think he would often call it distress—at least in the 
earlier days. Some find themselves much distressed. But when the course of 
drill is over, he is just in the condition of heart (as we shall see) to be most 
injuriously affected by the next part of the training. For now come the pack, 
and the straps, and the rifle—too soon ;—for of the many hearts whose irrita- 
bility or actual hypertrophy, established in the drill-field, had not been so 
great as to cause complaint to be made, what a large proportion will rebel at the 
additional load. If only an interval of rest had been given for that great power 
of recovery which the heart, in common with all other organs, possesses, to 
come into play, very many who are ultimately invalided, or who die, might be 
saved to the service, Officers in whom this “chest” drill induces this con- 
dition--about to be more fully described—are saved at this stage. There is no 
pack for them. They are free to recover—the private is not, Further, I 
would not be understood as saying that, in a short time, the men who suffer 
break down utterly, and become unfit for duty of any kind. his is the result 
to many of them. But I am sure that in the great najority of cases of heart 
complaints invalided (other than those brought about by rheumatic fever, 
Bright’s disease, &c., of which the history is to hand), the early link in the 
pathological chain was forged on the drill“field, There has preceded the date 
of appearance at hospital a long period of uncomplained-of discomfort, often 
distress ; consisting of breathlessness on slight exertion, headache, and 
“beating.” Now exertion has become unbearable, A man who never knew 
he had a heart (an expression any a soldier has used to me), becomes aware 
of his possession after a few months’ dilating drill, He blames his recently- 
donned pack and traps for his trouble ; forgetting that as-a civilian he could 
have carried them manfully across country for ten or fifteen miles. Now, has 
this man been enlisted hy mistake? Or have we made him what he is ? 

This has proved more of a digression than was intended. To return: We 
find then, firstly, that in the distended chest the cardiac impulse is lower down, 
and nearer to the middle line than it ought to be—the site of impulse often 
varying in successive beats: its area appears to be inereased ; it can be even 
seen to be abrupt and jerky, and in many instances there is marked epigastric 
pulsation. On placing the right hand firmly against the cardiac region, and the 
left on the back, we find the cardiac systole to be much more powerful than is 
natural; so much so sometimes that it shakes the body visibly. We are 
surprised at this, for the man has been on] y standing ; and this excited action 
exceeds what would be expected even during active exercise. The condition 
of the walls and floor of the chest is maintained as before described ; the respi- 
ration (shallow, and therefore increased in frequency), being performed by 


deficient elevation of the diaphragm (complete relaxation of it being prohibited) d 


and very slight descent of the ribs; followed by the cnly further enlargement 
—by way cf inspiration—that can take place: and this is very small], for 
lateral expansion has already been attained almost to the uttermost limit. The 
heart contracts about 110 times in the minute, the rhythm being irregular both 
in time and force, in many cases. The right ventricle is found to be acting 
unduly. The respirations average 40 in the minute. There isa curious mixture 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 249 


of anxiety and resolution visible in the recruit’s countenance. .'Tiie man before 
us may have no hypertrophy as yet ; and no murmurs indicating valvular 
inefficiency can be heard. 

Now, secondly, the state of heart just described points to impediment—to 
obstruction to the circulation. We shall now see how the obstruction comes about. 
Tight clothing, &c., may well be a cause of obstruction from without. 1 shall 
show that the attitude which the recruit is compelled to assume and maintain 
(for here lies the mischief) is a cause, more powerful, of obstruction from 
within, Let it be remembered that ‘as the thorax is a closed cavity, in which 
a putial vacuum is produced by the act of inspiration, whilst its contents are 
compressed by the act of expiration, the former state will favour the movement 
of blood from the large veins on the exterior of the cavity towards the heart, 
whilst the latter condition will retard it.”. This quotation is from Carpenter’s 
Physiology. This author then proceeds to detail an experiment (to quote 
again) “showing the suction-power of the inspiratory movement, and the 
expellent ferce of the expiratory act.” I will, further, copy the sentence next 
following in this well-known work. It is this:—“On the other hand the 
‘expiratory movement, while it directly tends to cause acsumulation in the 
veins, will assist the heart in prepelling the blood in the arteries”’ Can any 
one qiltestion the importance of these (or of any other) physiological laws ? 
What, then, if the act of expiration be, to a great extent, in abeyance? A dis- 
turbance of the balance, which exists in health, between the pulmonary and the 
systemic circulations. ‘This is the inevitable result—as we shall see. But will 
not the balance be restored as soon as the recruit is free from his tormentor, 
and allowed to breathe as nature would dictate? Yes, the balance will be 
gracually restored, and the heart will become quieter, only to he disturbed’ 
again at the next drill-hour, This is the manner in which we produce 
“ physique ’—the synonym for looking formidable on parade, and being useless 
for work; or else for doing the work in a condition of discomfort, distress, or 
exhaustion, as the case may be. I regret that I am betrayed into remarks such 
as these; but the British soldier is very brave, No man likes to “give in” 
less than he does. It is nothing short of pitiful to see him trained to break 
down, when the necessary ‘‘ physique ” might be secured by a little judicious 
padding, instead of at the expeuse of the heart and lungs. Considering that he is 
selected for being likely to prove efficient, I hold that—in time of peace at all 
events —the chances as regards heart disease are in his favour, rather than in 
favour of the civilian. I cannot now discuss this point. Jam endeavouring to 
confine myself to the question of the artificial dilatation of the thorax embodied 
in the order “Swell your chest” ; and just now to the manner in which the 
balance of the ftwo circulations is disturbed by it—but I commend it to the 

‘serious consideration of the surgeons of the army, as being a tenable position, if 
only we would allow the soldier to breathe at all times physiologically 
as the civilian does—tight clothing and weight-carrying, in both cases, not- 
withstanding. The inspiration, then, a deep one—which the recruit takes 
at the word of command—produces physivlogically an acceleration of the 
movement of blood from the large veins on the exterior of the chest towards. 
the heart, which movement of blood towards the heart had been retarded by 
the previously-occurring and duly-performed expiration. Now, as expiration 
is not, after the word of command, again duly performed, and as the position 
of the thorax is one of deep inspiration and remains so—the diaphragm doing 
little to diminish the size of it, and the elastic recoil of the lungs and chest-walls. 
being overcome by voluntary effort, does it not follow that, in a given time, a 
larger quantity of venous blood will have passed into the right side of the heart 
than would have passed if the check, or retardation, which the expiratory 
movement properly perforiied exercises, had been imposed? I do not quite. 
contend for a “ vis a fronte”’; if that were established for a moment, it would 
soon he disestablished. The right ventricle contracts vigorously, but the 
blood it drives forward for aération cannot part with as much. carbonic acid, 
or receive as much oxygen, as if respiratory movements were normally sucteed- 
ing each other all the time. The degree in which the exhalation of carbonic 
acid suffers hindrance is in direct proportion to the impurity (COs) of the air in 
the ultimate air-vesicles, ‘This air is only changed (if it can be spoken of as 
being changed) by the law of diffusion of gases; but in the absence of efficient. 


250 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


expiratory movements this law is at a considerakle disddvantage, for the purpose 
required. Ifthe recruit be now required to double—and when he is, he must 
maintain the same dilated state of chest, or be struck by the drill-sergeant 
below the epigastrium with a pace-stick—the dyspnoea is quite urgent. The 
right ventricle is much embarrassed, Now, this training causes dilatation in 
some, hypertrophy in others, both in mest of those who suffer. Some do not, 
-appear to suffer, On inquiry you find these latter are nearer twenty-four than 
eighteen years of age. Even these may be the worse (without knowing it) for the 
drill. I would once more recall Mr. Myev’s remarks to notice—the “ severity ” 
of the drill—the “exhaustion” he has seen. I think dyspnoea would be a 
good name to give to the exhaustion. Without saying more, it would call up 
the conditions which give rise to it, Dyspnea in the recruit’s drill-field 
means obstruction to the circulation, and obstruction to the circulation means 
excessive strain on the heart, his, again, means pathological changes in the 
shape of hypertrophy, with or without dilatation ; and this, further, may mean 
(though, perhaps, it rarely does) inefficiency-of the valves-—for, if the orifices 
increase in size, the valves do not, -~ —- 
~ Now, the systemic circulation is also injuriously affected, for the engorge- 
ment of the lungs, arising as described, must, however slight, result in a 
retardation of the current of blood in the pulmonary veins, which is taking 
place towards the left heart: and not only so, but the arterial blood reaches 
the left ventricle insufficiently oxygenated, and also in deficient quantity. For, 
not only is the lining membrane of the pulmonary veins extremely sensitive to 
the passage of impure blood, but a most important movement—which is, 
perhaps, one of the chiefest aids to the advance of the arterialized blood 
towards the left auricle—the expiratory movement, is being held in check. 
The force of the right ventricle may be said to be expended in sending the 
venous blood to the pulmonary capillaries, and as some obstruction is already 
there, the pressure exercised normally on the pulmonary veins in expization 
is much needed to maintain the circulation in them. The right ventricle does 
all it can, and hypertrophies, that it may do more by and bye. The left 
ventricle receiving blood deficient in quantity and in degree of aération, the 
wants of the system are not duly supplied,’and the muscular and neryous 
structures of the heart itself must suffer. But the contraction of a deficiently- 
filled ventricle is mischievous to the ventricle, as is also that of an over-distended 
one. And distension of one side, and insufficiently-filled state of the other, 
constitute, it must be admitted, a disturbance of the balance of the two cireu- 
lations. _ Can we wonder, then, that when examining the recruit at his drill, 
we found his heart in the condition described? Is there not ample cause for 
it? The fact is, that expiration is forgotten (what does the drill-sergeant know 
about it ?), and the erroneous opinion prevails that the man with the dilated 
chest is a fine, able, soldierly, fellow, although he might not be able to blow 
out a candle at a distance of two and a-half fect, ; 
We shall see, on a little further inquiry, that the “swelling” of the chest, 


ordered by the drill-sergeant, is totally indefensible ; and nothing but evil can, 


follow it. It should be recognised that the full powers of expansion of the 
lungs should never be exerted by an effort of the will—except under peculiar 
circumstances. For instance, the singer—in anticipation not of the require- 
ments of the system, but in order that he may have the requisite amount of 
air to expire for the execution of a passage which would suffer in effect if 
broken by a fresh inspiration—expands his chest to the full extent, to contract 
it again gradually but mmediately by a correspondingly deep expiration. We 
take the same precaution in reading aloud, if we do not wish to draw our 
breath in the wrong place. It is for such requirements as these that the 
respiratory movements are placed so much, in the human subject, under the 
control of the will. But who will show that the breathing of the soldier on 
parade, marching, or doubling, should be conducted otherwise than auto- 
matically ? The chest movements ought to vary in extent in accordance with 
the amount of blood sent into the lungs for aération ; which amount of blood, 
again, ought to be regulated by the natural forces which aécom plish the move- 
ment of blood in the veins: but they ought not to be impeded by attention 
being in any way directed to them. Much less should they be grievously 
-hampered in the way I have described. The movements of inspiration and 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 251 


expiration (to put it more plainly) increase in depth, when the body passes 
from a state of rest into one of activity, for two reasons. Firstly, because the 
blood reaching the pulmonary capillaries is now flowing towards them more 
rapidly, owing to the pressure exercised, by the muscles, on the veins through- 
out the body. Secondly, because the demand for oxygen by the system is 
‘increased, owing to the increased chemical changes which take place as a con- 
sequence of muscular contraction. Now, the degree of chest-expansion which 
the recruit, as he stands to be drilled, is made to assume, is greater not only 
than would be automatically dictated by the conditions in which he is: placed, 
but is even greater than that occurring as the physiological consequence of 
sactive exercise:—a degree of expansion, indeed, which ought to imply that 
‘vigorous muscular aid to the venous circulation was obtaining, and that, too, 
accompanied by movement of (as against a stationary state of) the body. Let 
us add these two conditions, making the man double—remembering that the 
chest must still be kept fully expanded—and what do we produce? At the very 
least we produce, as already shown, lung congestion, embarrassment to the 
right ventricle, and the consequent troubles which I will not again write of. 
We come, thirdly, to the manner in which the recruit’s distress is brought 
about. I find I have written diffusely, and that, under the previous headings, 
Uhave, perhaps unavoidably, shown that dyspnoea is a certain consequence of 
the respiratory movements being impeded. I need not now repeat how: but 
I will say once more that expiration is as important as inspiration. For four 
hours a-day is that important act, to a great extent, in abeyance—and that for 
a period of about six months—for the recruit. Dyspnoea then, according to its 
degree, involyes exhaustion, distress, discomfort, or a mere feeling of-irksome- . 
mess, as the case may be. I have said that those who most accurately carry 
-out the drill-sergeant’s orders suffer most. Now, some men can attain, owing 
to their figure in general assisting the effect, a degree of thoracic prominence 
sufficient to please the military eye, without any very great hyper-distension 
of the lungs with air. Even for these the word “irksomeness” would, as a 
rule, but feebly express their sensations. There are other men who, being less 
shapely—being, indeed, younger and unformed—can escape rebuke (and such 
rebuke! consisting of blows over the solar plexus, and very hard words) only 
‘by distending the chest with air to such an extent as speedily induces almost a 
doubling of the pulse-rate: of which result the deficient supply of blood to the 
left ventricle is the explanation. Zhese men are distressed urgently, in a few 
minutes, An order to “stand easy” has not yet restored the disturbed balance 
-of the pulmonary and systemic circulations, when this unphysiological process 
-is commenced anew. ‘his is obstruction to the circulation from within. It is 
worse than that (of tight uniform or accoutrements) from without. For, in 
the latter case the cause of the mischief is apparent to the sufferer—he can, 
and does in the fight, remove it. But he cannot know—and if he does he 
cannot remoye—the disability inflicted on him in the drill-field : the existence 
of which it only required a little extra work and weight-carrying to make 
manifest. Isay ‘a little” advisedly : for before enlistment has not the recruit 
either laboured all day in the field, or worked at his trade all day long with 
impunity? He must have done so, or he would not have been enlisted. The 
results of acute rheumatism to the valves we know: the palpitation and irre- 
gularity of lreart’s action due to anemia, general debility, or hysteria, we also 
know: but what is this? It is the, result of the recruits being “ perfectly 
exhausted by their morning’s drill,” and afternoon’s drill too, day after day. 
Even if it could not be shown to be injurious, does not common sense disavow 
such a mode of training? Mr. Myers condemns it from this point of view, 
giving no reasons; It may well be that he thought they were unnecessary, 
He holds this mode of training to be “ one, which, wth the present uniform, ia 
apt to lay the foundation of much heart disease in the army.” Now, in 
support of Mr. Myers’ opinion to a certain extent, and in continuation of, or 
deduction from, my argument, I will state that the training of the recruit as 
mow carried on is—with, or without, the present uniform—certain to lay the 
foundation of much heart disease in the army. Dismissing this important 
subject in a few lines, Mr, Myers says: ‘The training of recruits should 
-extend over a longer period.” ‘This would be quite unnecessary, as far as 
wegards their well-being: the cause of the distress being pointed out, remove 


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‘ * J MH 
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‘ 


252 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 

the great element in the training which induces it, Mr, Myers proceeds ; 
“and, like gymnastics, should not be severe at first.” It ‘should not be 
severe first or last, Train a man for severity, but, in the training, stop 
short of severity. I am nowalluding to natural fatigue—the result of healthfu 
work or training—which, of course, should not be excessive, except for urgent 
military reasons, ' 

Fourthly, and lastly, what pathological chanyes may be induced by 
recruit’s drill ? 

It is too much the habit to say that cardiac affections are merely functional, 
when we do not happen to hear cardiac murmurs, Functional disturbances of 
cardiac action may be and often are accompanied hy murmurs ; but, when do we 
see such a case in the soldier? The fact is that, examine as we may, We cannot 
find the organ, or decide upon the general condition—say of anemia or 
plethora—which is to blame for this so-called “functional ” disturbance, in the 
soldier. The case, at first sight, looks much less urgent, much less serious, 
than functional derangement, properly so-called» Look, then, for organie 
disease. What other name can you give to rea y? This is not to say 
that you cannot have a case of irritable, or “ soldier's heart,” without manifest 
hypertrophy ; but neither is it to say that “soldier's heart” doos not result 
from organic changes in the organ, Hypertrophy is very common in the 
army, and the manner in which it is certainly, by tiis drill (perhaps sometimes 
recovered from), brought about (commencing in the right side) has been 
shown. Now (without repeating how), we saw that the blood reaching the 
left side of the heart was deficient, not only in degree of aération, but in 
quantity, during the drill, The coronary arteries, t len, convey more or less 
impure blood, in a deficient stream, to the muscular and nervous tissues of the 
heart. We also saw that the expiratory act is a-powerful aid to ventricular 
contraction Sige rigaalie The conditions of rer ventricular contraction 
being so much altered, is it to be wondered at that thythmical irregularity— 
due to partial arrest of the ventricular contraction—may be produced by a 
disturbance of the balance of power between the pneumo-gastri¢ and the 
cardiac ganglia? Or, more commonly (Dr, Fothergill says), between the 
opposition offered to the blood to be driven and the power to drive it? 
Rhythmical irregularity is frequently associated with dilatation—though not 
necessarily so, We have a case of it now in hospital, of which the immediate 
exciting cause appears to have been very excessive muscular effort, in that 
much-to-be-condemned sport called “tug of war.” (May I remark that when 
the tug of real war comes, such supreme muscular efforts are not wanted ; 
staying power ; weight-carrying power ; presupposing an unimpaired condition 
of the heart and lungs—these are the qualities we look for.) ‘There was no 
tight clothing in this case; but the right ventricle suddenly received more 
blood than it was able to dispose of, by the general and excessive muscular 
pressure on the venous system. 'lhis by the way. Valvular deficiency, though 
the valves be healthy, may result from distension of cardiac orifices. It would 
be beside the ohject of this paper to allude further to the possible consequences 
of the mischief commenced on the drill-field, It is right to say, however, that 
the great majority of the soldiers do not complain of veeruit’s drill, The 
endeavour to adapt themselves to, and to put up with, their new life and the 
inevitable distension ; knowing that the better they do it, the sooner will the 
be delivered from the tormentor,. Now, I wil say again—though much 
repeating myself, I fear—that albeit the pack and other accoutrements may 
bring the mischief to light, they have only aggravated what they have been 
supposed in all cases to originate; #e, the excess of heart disease which 
obtains in military as compared with civil lite. 

I submit that I have shown that the mode of dealing with the recruit’s chest 
‘is artificial, being in contravention of physiological laws ; that it is injurious, / 
and that to the most important organs of the hody : that the causes of the 
visible embarrassment of the recruit’s heart under training have not, in his 
interest, been sufficiently considered : that the embarrassment of the heart 
itself, which the training infallibly induces, has not been suspected of a 
significance that its continuance for many months for three or four hours dail 
might (as it hehe induce organic disease ;—in a word, that the recruit is the 
victim of the drill-sergeant’s ignorance and superstition, I will add (though I 


“APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 253 


deprecate making any remarks that may appear to be beside the question), that 
the evil is all the greater because it is done in the name of good. It is difficult 
to root out errors that’ have long prevailed, and the army is very conservative. 
But this expiration question ought to be attended to. ‘The remedy is quite a 
simple one. It could be effectively detailed on one of these sheets of paper—and 
handed, if authority were given—to every sergeant or corporal who hence- 
forward drills a squad of recruits. The men would work well because they 
would feel well ; they would go through thrice the amount of actual exercise, 
and return to their barrack-rooms undistressed and un-“exhausted.” For, 
were they not selected only the other day as in all respects eligible? This 
point does not receive the attention it deserves. We ought not to treat it as 
inevitable, or say, in an indifferent, off-hand, way, “‘ better invalid him,” when 
we find a young soldier of only a few year’s service--who has yet had none of 
the vicissitudes, but the contrary, of military life—never abroad perhaps, better 
off in, than ever he was out of, the Service—suffering from hypertrophy or 
dilatation, or both, or these combined with and causing valvular insufficiency. 
There has been no rheumatism or Bright’s disease. He may have had syphilis, 
(Comparatively, how few heart affections can be put down to this cause?) 
Why is his heart hypertrophied? Why is he breathless except when at rest ? 
Because he has. been a “man of war” (without seeing war), for a year or two? 
What would have been the chances against his finding himself in his present 
plight if he had remained a civilian? Shall we put it all down to the tight 
tunic and accoutrements, or shall we pay any attention to what has preceded 
the wearing of them ; namely, the distress and “exhaustion” of recruit’s drill 
(according to Mr. Myers’ testimony); the departure from the physiological 
conditions of the circulation and of respiration, which 1 have shown that drill 
to entail. What shall we assign as the cause of hypertrophy already developed 
in recruits not yet “dismissed drill,” and who have been “trained” in a loose 
serge frock? I have several cases of this kind now under observation. Some 
of them complained of “ beating,” others were discovered accidentally. Will 
it be admitted that a case is made out for the recruit? or are we to fall back on 
tobacco, alcohol, excesses of any kind, except excess in military chest-making— 
for causes of this most common disability 2 Courts-martial are frequent. Do 
we not all know the soldier, who says he is “all right,’ whom, when we 
examine, before writing the required certificate, we find in the condition I 
describe? Iam sure that if this mischief were not so universal, I would have ° 
modified the certificate many a time when I have not done so; and I might be 
slow to confess that I have often certified men to be fit for hard labour, trusting 
that, if it were awarded to them, thev would, when in distress, appeal to the 
medical officer of the prison ; if I were not obliged to reflect that discipline 
must seriously suffer if men, who state that they are “all right,” were shielded 
(as it would appear) gratuitously. We are aware what a striking contrast 
would appear if the state of heart of, say, 50 civilians were compared with 
that of 50 soldiers—taking those who have never been known to complain of 
cardiac trouble—and taking any civilian men haphazard of about the soldier’s 
age. The soldier ought to have the advantage here. But he has not. ‘The 
civilian can accomplish the distance, and carry the weight with less distress 
than the soldier. Why? Because the soldier has been trained. Mr, Myers 
compares the amount of heart disease in the Foot Guards with that in the 
Metropolitan Police, with the-usual result. The soldier suffers most. Now, I 
confess I do not know whether the tunics of the police cam compare in degree 
of tightness with those of the Foot Guards. They seem trim enough, and tight 
about the neck. ‘heir accoutrements, too, may he less of a load ; but may I not 
suggest that there is a great difference in the amount of “chest-drill” performed 
by these two bodies of men. Although I make these remarks, I do not want 
them to be regarded as more than supplementary. The position I have tried to 
maintain is, that the recruit is compelled to outrage physiological laws, and 
that he must, and so must the Service for making him, pay the penalty. ‘This 
is higher ground than as yet been taken in view of clearing up the question of 
the excess of heart disease in the army. I trust the surgeons of the army will 
take the matter up. 

_ There are a few points, which I will not now touch upon, having an important 
bearing on the training of the recruit. These involve a consideration of the 

R 


254 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 


influence on the heart of “extension motions,” doné by the arms, while the 
chest is fully expanded and the body stationary ; of gymnastics; and other 
matters of lesser importance :—If there should appear any inclination on the 
part of the military authorities to abandon the present eyil way of drilling 
recruits, these points can be quickly stated at another time, together with plain 
directions as to the manner of avoiding the injury to the heart and lungs now 
being inflicted. Iam now glad to dismiss the subject—hoping that I may have 
succeeded in directing to it the anxious consideration, which I am convinced, 
1t deserves, 
Vue pu Lac, Guernsey, 
August, 22, 1877. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 255 - 


APPENDIX No. VII. 


REMARKS ON THE NORMAL TEMPERATURE OF THE BODY 
IN THE TROPICS. 


By Surgeon-Major J. Crossn Jounston, M.D., in Medical Charge, 43rd Regt. 


Tux normal temperature of the body in temperate climates, is given in text 
books as being about 98°-4 in the axilla, and 99° in the rectum, with some 
accession to this standard under exposure to high temperatures, such as is 
involved in residence within the tropics. 

Assuming the standard as. above given to be correct, observation has led 
me to doubt that the increase under the latter circumstances is either so con- 
stant or so considerable as has been assumed. : 

Dr. Becher’s observations, as quoted by the late Dr. Parkes (Practical 
Hygiene, 4th Wd. p. 401), indicate an increase in body heat in the proportion of 
05 Fahr, for each degree of increase in the temperature of the atmosphere. 

Taking, by way of illustration, the approximative mean temperature of this 
station at 80° Fahr., and that of Netley at 51°, we should expect to find, in 
conformity with the above rule, that the usual temperature in the axilla of 
healthy persons at Bellary would be about 99°'9. 

As the matter is of considerable interest and importance, it has been 
thought desirable to submit it to the test of observation. 

The accompanying table exhibits the result of 224 readings taken from 
observations made night and morning for seven days consecutively upon 
16 men in fair health, and who had not been less than three years resident in 
Tndia. 

The highest readings were noted in the case of No. 5 (Kenny), and con- 
cerning whom there appeared subsequently reason to believe that he had been 
suffering from some slight constitutional irritation. - 

The mean temperature of the air at Bellary during the time (September 
1876) when these observations were made, is given at 81°7. The corresponding 
approximative mean temperature at Netley for the same period being taken at 
58°-7, the observations at the former place should have exhibited a mean of 
99°°6, but the observed body heat had in fact a mean of 97°63, or 1°97 less 
than would result from the application of Dr. Becher’s formula. 

So far as they go, these observations indicate a diminished rather than an 
increased ratio of temperature in inter-tropical life, the readings yielding an 
average of more than three-quarters of a degree below the standard of tem- 
perate climates. 

» P.S.—Some doubt having arisen as to the accuracy of the thermometers 
employed in the observations quoted in the foregoing remarks, a supplementary 
table of temperatures, including 320 readings, has been prepared, the records 
being the result of very careful experiment, and exhibiting a mean temperature 
corresponding very closely to that first arrived at, viz., 97°74, notwithstanding 
that.different instruments have been used. 


Bellary, 6th Janwary, 1877. 


eR 2 


‘ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


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Preliminary 
remarks. 


Troops 
selected for 
the expedi- 
tion. 


Medical 
arrangements. 


258 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


APPENDIX No. VIII. 


MEDICAL HISTORY OF THE LAROOT FIELD FORCE, INCLUDING 
TOPOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE REMARKS ON LAROOT 
AND PERAK, AND MEDICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE BUFFS. 


By Surgeon-Major G. S. Davis, M.D., in Medical Charge of the Buffs, an 
Senior Medical Officer, Laroot Field Force. . ; 


In consequence of the murder of Mr. Birch, the Resident of Pérak, at Passu 
Lula, and the subsequent threatening attitude of the Pérak Malays, the Straits 
Settlements Government applied to the Government of India for additional 
troops. 

Aielvotaphi telegraphic communication between Penang and India became 
interrupted before further information could be obtained, the Indian Govern- 
ment at once made arrangements for forwarding assistance: 

The troops selected for the expedition were the 3rd Battery, 5th Brigade 
Royal Artillery, quartered at Fort William, the Ist Battalion 3rd Regiment, 
the Buffs, quartered at Fort William, the lst Goorkha Light Infantry en route 
from Dharmsala to the “Camp of Exercise” at Delhi, and C Company Madras 
Sappers and Miners from Rangoon; altogether, fully 1,200 men. Brigadier- 
General J. Ross, C.B., Commanding the Presidency District, was appointed to 
command the force. In the first instance, the foree was known as the “ Bengal 
Column Pérak Field Force,” but on arrival at Penang, the designation ‘* Laroot 
Field Force” was attached to it, to distinguish it from the force operating in 
Lower Pérak. : 

Before starting, a careful medical inspection of the European portion of the 
force was made, and all men not likely to stand the climate or the vicissitudes of 
active service were left behind. ; 

In communication with Dr. Kellie, Officiating Superintending Surgeon- 
Major, Presidency Circle, I-made out indents for medicines, surgical instruments, 
appliances and hospital stores for the European portion of the force sufficient to 
last for three months. It was understood that the military operations would 
not extend over a period of six weeks. The medicines, instruments and stores 
were packed up in three distinct lots, the intention being, that in the event of 
portions of the force being detached, a complete hospital equipment would be 
available for each detachment. The lots were numbered Ist, 2nd and 3rd 
division respectively. : 

In correspondence with the Commissariat Department, estimates for medical 
comforts were made, and a liberal supply of everything requisite was furnished. 
Hospital bedding and clothing were provided at the rate of 10 per cent. of the 
strength. A suitable supply of disinfectants was put up in three lots. 

The Barrack Department provided on requisition, camp furniture, portable 
commodes, mosquito curtains and two Macnamara filters for hospital use. Four 
Maenamara filters and pocket filters at the rate of 10 per cent. of the European 
strength were recommended for the use of the troops, but not sanctioned. 

For the transport of sick, doolies with 6 bearers each were sanctioned to the 
extent of 3 per cent. of the Kuropean force, and 2 per cent. of the Native. In 
addition 24 dandies, without bearers, which had been used with the Looshai 
expedition, were added. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 259 


Surgeon-Major Collis, the Buffs, having returned to Calcutta from privilege 
leave of absence on the 17th November, completed the medical arrangements, 
which appeared to be as complete as the time would allow and the necessities 
of the expedition required. 

It was originally intended that there should be one general hospital for both 
European and Native troops, so as to economise hospital establishments, but the 
idea was abandoned, and separate hospital establishments and equipments were 
provided for European and Native troops. 

The following medical establishment was sanctioned for duty with the 
European troops :—Surgeon-Major W. Collis; Surgeon-Major G. 5, Davie ; Sur- 
geon G, F. Churchill ; Surgeon E. Townsend, the Buffs ; Surgeon J. A. Gormley ; 
Apothecary J. A. Eliot; Assistant Apothecary W. H. Lowman; Assistant 
Apothecary A. Luke ; Passed Hospital Apprentice C. Carroll ; Passed Hospital 
Apprentice J. Bell; Hospital Apprentice A. A. Allison ; Hospital Apprentice 
G. W. Hayden. 

Twenty-nine hospital attendants :—2 compounders, 3 cooks, 6 water carriers 
G sweepers, 6 ward coolies, 1 purveyor, 2 clothiers, 3 washermen, 

The doolie bearers did not form part of the medical establishment. 

For duty with the Native troops, there were two medical officers—Surgeon- 
Major Oldham, ist Goorkha Light Infantry, Surgeon Bomford, I.MD., and 
10 hospital attendants. 

The Madras Sappers and Miners and a Kling Coolie Corps were under 
the medical charge of Assistant Apothecary Prichard of the Madras establish- 
ment, 

On the 20th November, 1875, the head quarters and two companies of the Summary of 
Buffs under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Talbot A. Cox, and in medical operations 
charge of Surgeon-Major G. S. Davie, steamed from Calcutta in the hired troop- (Military). 
ship “ Arabia,” and, after a fine passage and without any sickness, reached 
Penang on the morning of the 27th November. The troops were comfortable 
on board, and the provisions were good. 

On the 24th November, two companies of the Buffs, under the command of 
Captain Kerr, and in medical charge of Surgeon- Major Collis, sailed from Calcutta 
in the hired steam-ship “ Abyssinia,” and, after a pleasant voyage, reached 
Penang at noon on the 8rd December. One case of dysentery and one case of 
heat apoplexy occurred during the voyage. 

A sailing ship, named the “ Czarewitch,” belonging to the Indian Govern- 
ment, containing the remainder of the Buffs and the 3rd Battery, 5th Brigade 
Royal Artillery, all under the command of Major F. Morley of the Buffs, in 
medical charge of Surgeon Churchill, was taken in tow by the “ Abyssinia,” 
and reached Penang all well at the same time. 

On the 25th November, the hired steam-ship “ Malda,” with Brigadier- 
General Ross and Staff, and the Ist Goorkha Light Infantry on board, under the 
miedical charge of Surgeon-Major Oldham, steamed from Caleutta and reached 
Penang on the evening of the 3rd December. ‘Three cases of cholera occurred 
among the natives on board, one of which (a doolie bearer) proved fatal. 

The head quarters and two companies of the Buffs, which reached Penang Arzival in 
on the 27th November, remained in the Harbour at George’s Town, on board Laroot. 
the “ Arabia,’’ till the 29th, and on the evening of that day, after embarking 
C Company Madras Sappers, which had just arrived from Rangoon, steamed 
for the mouth of the Laroot river. This was reached on the morning of the 
80th, and a small steamer, named the “ Langkat,”’ arriving at the same time, 
the Buffs were transferred to this, and conveyed about nine miles up the Laroot 
river to a landing place named Teluk Kertang. About half-an-hour before 
reaching the landing place, it begam to rain in torrents, and all got thoroughly 
érenched. A Chinese salute of three guns welconied the arrrival of the first 
Eurupean troops in Laroot. The rain ceasing after landing stores, the Buffs 
aisembarked and marched over a very swampy road to a large village named 
Matang, one mile distant, where a shelter shed had been erected by Captain 
Speedy. Here the men had their dinner comfortably, and at 4 p.m. resumed 
their march, and at dusk reached a small village named Sampong, where they 
were accommodated for the night in empty houses. 

‘The road was tolerably good. At Sampong the mosquitoes were very 
troublesome. Owing to some delay in getting the camp equipage up next 


Transport 
defective. 
Gapes 
Stockade 
sccupied. 


Employment 
of the troops. 


260 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 


morning, an advance could not be made till 10 a.m, After-an oppressive march 
on account of the heat, over a fairly good road, Bukit Gantang, nearly six 
miles distant, was reached at 12.30 p.m. The men were a good deal exhausted, 
and about 20 fell out, but soon recovered after a little rest and removing encum-- 
brances from the chest. At Bukit Gantang the jungle had been cleared from 
a small piece of ground to serve as an encamping ground, and on the arrival of 
the tents, the camp was pitched. Before this could be completed, however, the 
rain came down in torrents, flooding the camping ground, and drenching every- 
one. A bright sun shewing afterwards the ground soon dried, Advantage was 
taken of a small.stream to have a bathing parade, and this, followed by a tot 
of rum, refreshed and cheered the men. : 

Owing to insufficient transport, a halt was made at Bukit Gantang till the 
morning of the 4th December, q 

On the morning of the 2nd, half a company of the Buffs, under the command 
of Captain Graham, was detached to hold a stockade commanding the eastern 
approach to the Brapit Pass named Gapes Stockade. An hospital apprentice 
with a field companion and two dandies accompanied the detachment. The 
doolies (Morley-Collis) were hors-de-combat, although brought on empty, and 
had to be abandoned. 

The mosquitoes swarmed in myraids at Bukit Gantang after sunset, and 
sleep till early morning, when: they appeared to be satiated, was out of the 
question, 

On the morning of the 4th December, sufficient transports having been 
procured for the men’s kits and hospital stores, but not for the camp equipage, 
which had to be Jeft behind, the march was resumed towards Campong Boyah 
at 6.30 a.m. After a pleasant march over a very unequal road, through paddy 
fields, a mountain pass (Brapit) and jungle Campong Boyah Stockade was 
reached at 9.39 a.m, Not a man fell out, Here shelter sheds were erected 
sufficient to accommodate 200 men, so that the camp equipage was not missed. 
The Brapit Pass appeared to be the boundry line between the zone of 
mosquitoes and rain and the opposite. For the first time, since the 30th 
November, there was no rain and no mosquitoes, and this pleasant state of 
affairs lasted during the five days’ halt at Campong Boyah, Several European 
privates’ tents coming up, I had one pitched in the centre of the stockade as 
a temporary hospital. 

On the morning of the 8th December, the Madras Sappers coming up were 
pushed on to Qualla Kangsa to construct huts. On the evening of the same 
day, General Ross and Staff arrived. On the morning of the 10th, sufficient 
transport having been collected, the head quarters and one company of the 
Buffs marched towards Qualla Kangsa at 6.30a.m.  Halfa company was left 
to hold Campong Boyah Stockade. Qualla Kangsa was reached at 9,30, 
although the road was simply an elephant path through dense jungle, paddy 
fields and swamps. Shelter sheds had been erected sufficient to’ accommodate 
200 men, and these were occupied by the Madras Sappers and the Buffs. The 
Madras Sappers and a gang of Chinese carpenters were busy constructing huts, 
and in a few days huts sufficient to accommodate 300 European troops and a 
small hospital hut were constructed, As yet there was no sickness, and the 
men appeared to be in remarkable good health, although they had a rough 
time of getting to Qualla Kangsa, f 

It was intended that the Laroot Field Force, after arrival at Qualla Kangsa, 
should proceed down the river Pérak in rafts as far as Blanja, and there meeting 
General Colborne’s force, pushing up the river, make a combined movement 
towards Kinta, the private residence of the Ex-Sultan Ismail. 

This plan was soon found to be impracticable, as materials for rafts could not 
be obtained, and boats were scarce, and, under the circumstances, a forward move 
was considered impossible. The troops were therefore employed all day 
clearing jungle. Meanwhile the remainder of the troops began to arrive. 

On the 9th December, Surgeon-Major Collis, who had reached Matang, 
having experiencea an attack of heat apoplexy, was sent back to the steam-ship 
** Arabia,” and, for the time, the duties of senior medical officer devolved on me. 
On the 11th December, 24 gunners and 50 Goorkhas reached Qualla Kangsa. 
On the i2th, General Ross and Staff arrived, and gave impetus to jungle clearing 
and road making. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 261 


Two eompanies of the Buffs were sent from the mouth of the Laroot river 
to Malacca in the “ Abyssinia,” as it was feared that an outbreak would 
a there. At the same time 36 gunners and 350 Goorkhas were sent to 

assa, 

On the 14th December, 50/Buffs and 50 blue jackets, belonging to the 
** Modesti,” arrived at Qualla Kangsa, and on the evening of the same day, 30 
of the “ Modesti”’ blue jackets proceeded to the bank of the river Pérak to seize 
several large boats. 

They succeeded without opposition. On the 15th, 50 Buffs and 50 blue 
jackets belonging to the “Philomel,” arrived under the medical charge of 
Surgeon Williams of the ‘ Philomel.” 

The twe companies of the Buffs which had gone to Malacca, after lying off 
that place for a few days, returned tothe mouth of the Laroot river, and one 
company had reached Bukit Gantang when both companies were again ordered 
to Malacca, and there they remained in garrison till the close of the operations 
. and the return of the Laroot Field Force to Bengal. 

On the 17th December, Surgeon-Major Collis, although very weak, arrived 
in a doolie, and next day resumed the duties of “ Principal Medical Officer.” 

On the 18th, 50 Buffs and 10 gunners under the medical charge of Surgeon 
Churchill came to the front. Surgeon Townsend was detained at Campong 
Boyah Stockade, and Assistant Apothecary Lowman relieved Hospital Apprentice 
Allison at Gapes Stockade, where there were nowonly 25 men under a subaltern. 
As the troops came up they were employed in clearing jungle, digging out 
roots, levelling ant hills and road making. It was hot and harassing work, but 
as yet did not affect the health of the men. : j 

General Colborne having reached Blanja, and meeting some opposition, Reinforce- 
applied to General Ross for troops; accordingly, on the 19th December, ments for 
sufficient boats and rafts having been collected, 50 Buffs, 50 blue jackets of the Blanja. 
“* Modesti,” and 50 Goorkhas, all under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel 
Storey, and medical charge of Surgeon Williams, R.N., proceeded down the 
river to Blanja at 8 a.m., and arrived at 5 p.m., the distance being about 
20 miles. On the 20th December the last remaining 50 men of the Buffs arrived. 
On the afternoon of the same day, 20 of the “ Philomel” blue jackets poled 
up the river Pérak in boats, a distance of two miles, to reconnoitre, and 
returned at dusk without having seen any signs of hostility. 

On the 21st December, telegraphic communication was established between 
Matang on the. Laroot river and Qualla Kangsa. The Malays in the vicinity 
of Qualla Kangsa appeared to be either frightened or sulky, and did not bring 
in any supplies, but otherwise did not appear to be unfriendly ; and, in conse- 
quence, no defensive precautions were as yet taken. On Christmas Day games 
were got up for both officers and men, and proved an agreeable break in the 
monotony of ordinary fatigue duties. 

On the 27th, a party of blue jackets poled up the river in two boats to Chuga 
Qualla, a distance of about 15 miles, and returned at 9.30 p.m., having seen 
little, and met no resistance. On the 2nd January, 1876, a party of blue 
jackets, accompanied by Mr, Maxwell, Political Officer, and some friendly 

_ Malays, proceeded up the river to capture three escaped convicts. 

In consequence of a sudden rise in the river, they did not reach their 
destination as soon as they expected, and only succeeded in capturing one of the 
convicts, and him they hanged on the nearest tree. After burning the convicts’ 
houses they returned to Qualla Kangsa unmolested. 

Owing to the inhabitants of Kota Lama, a large village two miles up the 
river from Qualla Kangsa, showing signs of hostility, and using threatening 
language to the friendly Malays, stating that if the troops at Qualla Kangsa did 
not attack them, they would attack Qualla Kangsa, it was decided to disarm 
them. 

Accordingly, early on the morning of the 4th January, 150 Buffs, 12 gunners Burning of 
with a gun and rocket trough, 20 blue jackets with a gun and rocket tube, and Kota Lama. 
40 Goorkhas, all under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Cox, the Buffs, 
proceeded up the river Pévak. Colonel Cox with 100 Buffs, 12 gunners, and 
20 Goorkhas, accompanied by Mr. Maxwell, the Assistant Political Officer, 
crossed to the left bank of the river in boats, and marched towards Kota Lama 
on the left bank, Fifty Buffs under Lieutenant Leslie, and 20 Goorkhas under 


Extra duties. 


Malays attack 
working 
parties, 


Second attack 
on Kota 
Lama 


262 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


Captain Young, accompanied by Captain Speedy, the Assistant Commissioner, 
and some Sikh and Malay police, marched towards Kota Lama on the right bank, 
Twenty blue jackets under the command of Captain Garforth of the “‘Philomel” 
poled up the river in two large native boats. Brigadier-General Ross and Staff 
followed in a small steam cutter. Surgeon Townsend atcompanied the Buffs 
on the left bank of the river. The Malays of Kota Lama on the right bank of 
the river quietly submitted to be disarmed, but on the left bank they seized 
their arms, shut up their houses and ran away. Colonel Cox having reported 
these circumstances to the General, and expressed his inability to surround 
the place with the number of men at his disposal, got orders to burn all the 
deserted honses. The Buffs burned a good many houses unmolested, and -were 
burning away when the General and Staff, with a small escourt of Goorkhas, 
followed by some blue jackets, landed from the boats, and were shortly after- 
wards attacked by the Malays, who no doubt were watching their opportunity. 
After some smart fighting the Malays were beaten off, leaving several dead 
behind them. The loss on. our side was seyere.. Major Hawkins, Brigade- 
Major, killed by a spear wound through the body ;-one blue jacket killed by a 
spear thrust through the body ; one Goorkha killed by a spear thrust through 
the body. In every case penetration was from behind, and the body completely 
transfixed ; all the killed ran some distance after being wounded, and the 
Goorkha had just reached the hospital in a dandie when he expired. In 
addition, Surgeon Townsend, who had got separated from the Buffs, sustained a 
spear wound (severe) in the right arm, and another (slight) in the left leg, but 
was able to attend to the wounded afterwards. A marine sustained three spear 
wounds in the abdomen and -hands, but lived till next day. Two Goorkhas 
were wounded in the arms. 

The Buffs met no opposition, and after reaching the scene of action and 
burning a few more houses, returned without loss to Qualla Kangsa. When 
the Malays attacked, Lieutenant Leslie with his Buffs were brought across the 
river. The artillery also brought a gun to bear on the Malays. 

After this engagement there were rumours of assembling Malays, and, after 
dark Malays were seen prowling about in the vicinity of the camp causing 
alarms ; in ¢onsequence, Colonel Cox comnrenced to throw a palisading round 
the camp ; extra sentries and patrols were posted at night, and the troops told 
off to alarm posts. 

These extra duties began to tell on the health of the troops, and dysentery of 
a severe type became prevalent. On the 9th of January an officer’s servant and 
a Malay policeman were killed by the Malays between Campong Boyah and 
Gapes Stockade ; the same night the telegraph wire was cut and 30 yards of it 
carried away. 

On the morning of the 14th January the Malays attacked the working 
parties on the south and north-west sides of the camp, probably expecting that 
they were unprotected by covering parties. They drove in the workin 
parties and fired on the camp, one bullet passing through the hospital, The 


‘troops having taken their posts, soon beat the Malays off, and caused them 


considerable loss during their retreat. On our side one man of the Buffs was 
shot through the left thigh, and a sergeant of the Madras Sappers shot in the 
left thigh. During this encounter the Malays evidently got more than they 
bargained for, as they refrained from attacking working parties again, and 
satisfied themselves with ‘attacking when there was no likelihood of any hurt 
happening to themselves, For example, on the 17th January two Sikhs 
carrying a mail bag were shot in the Brapit Pass, and the contents of the mai 
bag for the most part destroyed ; but it would not do to let this kind of work 
go on, so, on the morning of the 20th January, 120 Buffs and 40: Goorkhas, 
under the command of Major Morley, the Buffs, crossed in boats to the left 


. bank of the river ; 20 gunners with 2 guns and a rocket trough, 50 Buffs ana 


40 Sikh and Malay police, marched up the right bank of the river, 25 blue 
jackets, in a gun and rocket boats, poled up the river, all were under the 
immediate command of General Ross, who went up thé right bank of the river, 
Surgeon-Major Davie accompanied the troops on the right bank of the river, 
and Surgeon Townsend those on the left. 

__ The troops under Major Morley having made a circuit of the village of 
Saiyon, opposite Qualla Kangsa, proceeded towards Kota Lama: The troops 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 263 


on the right bank of the river, on atriving opposite Kota Lama, opened fire 
with shell and rockets, which was taken up by the blue jackets on the river, 
and by the troops which were at Qualla Kangsa under Colonel Cox. The 
Malays were completely taken by surprise, but before retreating, fired a few 
volleys on the troops on the right bank without result. On the firing from 
the guns ceasing, Major Morley’s column advanced and caught the retreating 
Malays in flank, accounting for several of them. The Malays left war gongs, 
guns, rifles, muskets and arms of various kinds behind. All the houses left 
unburned on the 4th January were now reduced to ashes, and after a nine hours’ 
outing, the troops returned to Qualla Kangsa without loss. The Malays must 
have suffered severely, as several dead bodies were afterwards found, and it is 
not the custom of the Malays to leave their dead behind if they can help it. 

On the 26th January, 250 Goorkhas under the command of Colonel Clay Arrival of the 
joined the force from Rassa; 50 were detained at Bukit Gantang to assist Goorkhas. — 
Captain Speedy in capturing Kota Lama Malays, on some of whose heads a 
price had been put, but they did not capture any. 

On the 28th January, Surgeon-Major Collis, who had never properly 
recovered from his apopletic seizure at Matang, applied for a medical certificate 
to enable him to proceed to Penang. He left on the 31st January, and the 
duties of senior medical officer again devolved on me. 

On the morning of the 3rd February, information having reached that the 
Kota Lama Malays had again returned and challenged Raja Yusuf (Raja 
Muda) to fight, the Raja Muda with his Malays went after them, and in the 
afternoon 50 Goorkhas crossed to the left bank of the river, and 20 blue jackets 
poled up the river to assist. Surgeon Townsend accompanied the blue 
jackets. 

; The Goorkhas had some skirmishing with the Malays, but both blue 
jackets and Goorkhas returned at dusk without loss. The Raja Muda had two 
of his men killed and two wounded. 

At daybreak on the 4th February, 150 Goorkhas, under the command of Third attack 
Colonel Hill, crossed to the left bank of the river; 100 Buffs, under the on Kota Lima. 
command of Colonel Cox, 12 gunners, with one gun and rocket trough, 
proceeded up the right bank of the river ; 25 blue jackets poled up the river in 
boats, all under the command of General Ross. Surgeon-Major Oldham 
accompanied the Goorkhas on the left bank, and Surgeon Townsend the troops 
on the zight bank. The European portion of the force took half rations, and 
the Goorkhas a day’s rations, together with their waterproof sheets and 
blankets, : j 

On reaching Kota Lama, the Goorkhas exchanged some shots with the Eaugar 
Malays, and the Malays of a village named Enugar opened fire on the troops burned. 
on th3 zgnt bank, but were dislodged with shot and rockets; the Goorkhas 
then coming up reduced the village to ashes. It appeared that the chief of this 
village was engaged with his men in the attack on the working parties on the 
14th January—hence the retribution. After having rested a little and refreshed 
themselves with biscuit and tinned meat, the troops on the right bank returned 
from Jumawan to Qualla Kangsa, after having been out twelve hours withcut 
loss. 

The Goorkhas bivouacked all night close to Enugar, and at daybreak on the 
5th, proceeded inland to a village named Pérak, to which the Kota Lama 
Malays had retreated. The Malays had placed numerous obstructions in the 
way, and had laid an-ambuscade. After the Goorkhas had advanced some 
distance, and were defiling along the jungle path, they were fired on from the 
opposite side of a small stream, but, beyond damaging a soldier’s pouch and 
cross belt, the fire did no harm. The. Goorkhas were immediately after the 
Malays, and in so great a hurry were they to escape, that they left several 
spears behind that they had stuck in the ground when firing. On reaching the 
village of Prék, shots were again exchanged, resulting in Colonel Hill being hit Prék burned. 
in the ankle by a spent bullet. An occasional shot was fired by the Malays as 
they retreated from the village which did no damage. The village was burned, 
and large quantities of rice, clothing and other stores destroyed. The Goorkhas 
then crossed to the right bank of the river Pérak, down which they marched to 
Qualla Kangsa. : ; 

On the 7th February, half a company of the Buffs, in medical charge of Troops for 

Blanja 


General Col- 
borne visits 
Qualla 
Kangsa. 

The blue 
jackets rejoin 
the “ Philo- 
mel.” 


3-5th Royal 
Artillery left 
behind. 


The Buffs 
leave Pérak. 


Topographical 
and descrip- 
tive remarks. 


Landing place, 


Laroot river. 


Matung. 


264 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


Surgeon Townsend, proceeded down the river to Blanja, to complete the 
company there. ‘ 

eneral Colborne visited Qualla Kangsa on the 10th February, and on the 
morning of the 11th, inspected all the troops, and afterwards the General Field 
and Goorkha Hospitals. On the morning of the 12th, General Colborne and 
Brigadier-General Ross left for Singapore. The same morning the blue jackets 
belonging to the “Philomel” started to rejoin their ship. 1 

Orders having been received that the Bengal Force was to return to India 
as soon as possible, arrangements were commenced to move hospital stores down 
towards the Laroot river to be ready for shipment. 

On the 7th March, the Goorkha sick had hospital establishment left Qualla 
Kangsa for the sailing ship “ Czarewitch,” anchored at the mouth of the 
Laroot river. 

It having been decided that the battery of artillery would remain behind 
for the present, Surgeon Gormley, attached to the Buffs, was detailed to be 
attached for duty to the battery, and, owing to the paucity of medical officers in 
the Straits Settlements, the Straits Settlements Government applied to General 
Ross for the services, temporarily, of another medical officer ; accordingly 
Surgeon Townsend, attached to the Buffs, was directed to remain at Blanja for 
duty with a detachment of the 80th Regiment till further orders. 

On the 13th March the head quarters and’ one company of tlie Buffs 
marched towards the Laroot river. = 

On the 14th followed the European sick and hospital establishment. 

On the 15th the company of the Buffs at Campong Boyah and Gapes 
Stockades. 

On the 16th one company of the Buffs from Qualla Kangsa, 

On the 17th the remainder of the Goorkhas. 

On the 18th the doolie bearers and coolies. : 

The two companies of the Buffs at Malacca embarked on board the 
“ Himalaya ” on the 9th March. 

The Buffs, at the mouth of the Laroot river, embarked in detachments on 
the 15th, 16th and 17th. 

The company at Blenja left on the 15th March, and joined the “Himalaya” 
at Penang. 

All the troops and followers having embarked, the Buffs and one company 
of Goorkhas on board the “ Himalaya,” the Goorkhas and followers on board 
the “Czarewitch” and ‘ Arabia” proceeded towards Calcutta on the evening 
of the 19th March. ; 

The province of Pérak is situated on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula, 
and extends from 8°59 to 5°10 north latitude, and 100°10 and’ 1025 east 
longitude. 

The Malayan chain of mountains bounds it on the east, and the sea on the 
west. Several rivers flow from the Malayan chain to the sea, and chief among 
these are the Pérak and Laroot rivers. The mouth of the Laroot river is 
obstructed by a bar which, at high water, only admits vessels drawing about 
8 feet of water. Vessels of this draught can steam up the river to Tiluk 
Kertang, a distance of about nine miles, Above this the river is navigable for 
small boats and canoes toa distance of fifteen miles. The current is sluggish, 
and the banks flat and swampy, and covered with dense mangrove jungle to the 
water’s edge. Crocodiles ave numerous, and fish of various kinds abound. 

The landing place is at 'liluk Kertang, where the river is about 60 yards 
wide, and lined with dense mangrove jungle. From Tiluk Kertang to Matang, 
the chief town in Laroot, the distance is one mile; the road is swampy and 
liable to be flooded by the tide, and has dense jungle on both sides. 

Matung is a pretty large village, inhabited by Chinese and Malays, and lies 
in an angle of the road. The houses are constructed of wood, bamhoo, and 
thatch made out of the leaves of a kind of palmite and named Atups, ‘Chere 
are some very fair shops kept by Chinese, at which Huropean stores may be 
obtained. At Matung there is a police magistrate, a” prison, a post office, a 
custom house, and the Mantri of Laroot has a fortified residence opposite the 

rison, 
2 From Matung to Sampong, a distance of about 8 miles, there is a toler- 
ably good cart road, about 15 feet wide, for the most part lined by dense jungle, 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 265- 


but with here and there a small clearing effected by Chinese. Clear streamlets 
flow along both sides of the road, and the ground in the vicinity is marshy. 
- Sampong is a smaller village than Matung, and, like Matung, is inhabited by Sampong. 
Chinese and Malays; beyond a,few shops, there is nothing of any interest 
connected with it. 
Thai Ping, the residence of the Assistant Commissioner, Captain Speedy, is 
-about 4 miles distant, and in the vicinity are valuable tin mines worked by. 
Chinese. f 
From Sampong to Bukit Gantang, a distance of nearly 6 miles, the road is 
tolerably good, and becomes undulating as Bukit Gantang is approached. 
It may be stated generally that the country is flat and swampy to a distance 
of about 12 miles from the sea coast, then becomes undulating, then hilly. The 
road is still lined by dense jungle, with here and there paddy fields ; streamlets 
of clear water frequently intersect and run along the sides of the road. 
Bukit Gantang is a picturesquely situated small village, chiefly inhabited by Bukit Gan- 
Chinese traders and Coolies. Here the Mantri of Laroot has his residence and tang. 
the affairs of State are transacted. Densely wooded hills rise to a height of 
froin 500 to 3,000 feet on the north, south and east sides of the village, which 
break the vain clouds and give the place fully its own share of rain. Cocoa 
palms, plantains and wild nutmeg are abundant, and the betel palm is exten- 
sively cultivated. A small lake to the west of the Mantri’s residence, in part 
covered with pink lilies, and from which issues a small stream, serves to add 
beauty to thespot’ It has its drawbacks ; leeches are very numerous, and the 
air is alive with mosquitoes after sunset. 
From Bukit Gantang to Campong Boyah Stockade, a distance of nearly Byapit Pass. 
9 miles, the road for a short distance is fairly good, and there are extensive 
paddy fields on either side. The Brapit Pass is then entered, and the grandeur 
of the woodland scenery strikes the eye at once. The road degenerates into a 
rugged foot-path intersected by numerous streams of cool and limpid water. 
The hills on either side are thickly wooded, and rise to a height of about 1,000 
feet, ‘here are numerous primeval forest trees with gigantic creepers twining 
about in every direction. A remarkable tree of very hard wood, named the 
Buttress tree, growing to a height of fully 200 feet, is conspicuous here and 
there. Various species of palmite are to be found, and wild plantains and nut- 
meg are numerous, All along the pass (nearly 24 miles) the hill sides are 
covered with enormous granite boulders, which here and there almost block up 
the pass. The soil has a surface of mould with disintegrated granite and clay 
underneath. Ona commanding site at the middle of the pass, there is a small 
stockade held by Sikh police. The east end of the pass is commanded by Gapes 
Gapes Stockade, which consists of three houses surrounded by a palisading. gtockade. 
Beyond this ave paddy fields, and a peculiar isolated hill rising abruptly from 
the paddy fields and composed almost entirely of limestone, named Gunong 
Pondoh, On its vertical sides are to be seen large excavations with depending 
stalactites, and the slopes are densely wooded. It has an elevation of nearly 
1,000 feet, and viewed from different directions assumes various shapes, but the 
most characteristic is that observed from the east or the west, when it appears 
like a huge shark’s tooth. Two miles beyond this is Compong Boyah Stockade > Campong 
it is partly entrenched and has a ditch round it. In the immediate vicinity are Boyah. 
cultivated fields and jungle. Further off, on the south and east sides, are 
wooded hills, rising to a height of from 500 to 4,000 feet. On the east side, 
immediately outside, there is a Malay village with a mosque, and beyond this a 
stream named the Kungser, which flows into the river Pérak at Qualla Kangsa. 
On the south side there is a small lake. The soil is of a rich alluvial nature, 
and paddy, Indian corn, and sugarcane grow freely. Cocoa and betel palms 
thrive well. In the jungle are birds of various sorts, monkeys, wild pigs, deer 
of sorts, wild dogs and leeches. There are very few mosquitoes, 
From Campong Boyah to Qualla Kangsa the road was a mere elephant 
path through dense jungle, paddy fields and swamps ; the ground is undulating, 
and has a steady rise towards Qualla Kangsa. Just before reaching, the 
Kangsa is crossed, numerous streams intersect the path, some of which have 
rough culverts over them. ‘The distance is under 7 miles. : : 
Qualla Kangsa is situated on the right bank of the river Pérak, immediately Qualla 
below the month of the Kangsa. The stockade has an elevation of 70 feet Kangsa, 


Gunong 
Pondoh. 


266 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


above the river Pérak, commands the country round, and is the residence of 
Inchi Meda, a Malayan princess, On the arrival of the troops there was a 
Malay village between the stockade and the Kangsa, and to the east of this a 
police station. These were afterwards utilised for troops. 

On the opposite bank of the Pérak, there is a large village named Saiyong, 
and two miles up the river a large village, since destroyed, named Kota Lama, 


» Above this a small village named Enugar, since destroyed; a short distance 


River Pérak. 


Navigable for 
large boats. 


inland from this Prélk, since destroyed. ’ 

On the right bank of the river, iminediately above the mouth of the 
Kangsa, there is a small village inhabited by traders above the Kota Lama “on 
the right bank,” then Jumuwan. All these villages are situated in a plain of 
considerable breadth, bounded on either side by densely wooded hills and 
traversed by the river Pérak, which flows, generally speaking, from north to 
south. The river Pérak at Qualla Kangsa is 245 yards wide, and has a current 
varying from 2 to 5 miles per hour, according to the state of the river ; 
although not very deep, from 1 to 7 feet, the current is almost noiseless, and at 
night the river is as still.as a-lake. The bottom is fine sand at the centre, and 
coarse sand and shingle at the edges. The channel is continually shifting, and 
what is deep water one month will be a shoal the next. 

It is navigable for large native boats and steam cutters, Various kinds of 
fish, not unpleasant to eat, but very bony and foul feeders, are numerous, 
These are frightened into traps and captured by. the Malays. The river is 


_ stated to have its origin in a lake somewhere to the east of, and in much the 


Quality of 
water. 


Kangsa water. 


Products of 
Pérak. 


Animals. 


Minerals. 


same latitude as, Penang. About 20 miles above Qualla Kangsa a succession 
of rapids commences, rendering navigation impossible, except for canoes beyond, 
The river is liable to heavy floods; as an instance, on the 5th J: anuary, 1876, 
it rose to a height of fully 12 feet above ordinary level, the surface being covered 
with froth and debris of all sorts, numerous boats and rafts were carried 
away. 

The water is tolerably clear, and after settling a little, becomes quite clear 
and colourless, throwing down some fine sand. The temperature is pretty high, 
the water feeling almost tepid. It is very soft, but contains a larger amount of 
suspended organic impurity, having its source perhaps in feecal pollution, the 
river being the main sewer of the country. On both banks of the river, at short 
intervals, latrines are constructed on bamboo rafts, and all the inhabitants, great 
and small, make use of them. 

The Kangsa water is cooler and clearer than the Pérak water, but is equally 
polluted by the inhabitants living on the banks. 

On both sides of the Pérak river, cocoa palms abound, but. do not appear to 
be indigenous, as they are only to be found in the Vicinity of habitations, 
Betel palms, coffee, sugarcane, Indian corn, paddy and bamboos grow freely. 
The mango, mangosteen, tamarind, custard-apple, guava, pine-apple, jack, 
dorian, and other tropical fruits are abundant. Forest trees of various kinds, 
aud suitable for building purposes, cover the hills. Some of these trees, 
especially the Buttress tree, reach an enormous height, The ground not actually 
under cultivation is covered with dense jungle. In Laroot, indian-rubber, 
gutta-percha, copal, catechu, and other drug-producing trees are com:non. 

As a rule the trees which grow on the hills do not thrive on the plains, and 
vice versd, a ’ 

Wild animals are pretty numerous. Tigers and leopards, of which the 
Malays have a superstitious dread, inhabit the hills. . Wild dogs and cats of 
various kinds roam about at night, and others infest the river. Elephants of 
small size, tame and wild, are found, and the females breed in captivity, meeting 
the males in thejungle. The elephants are not fed, but are let loose in the jungle 
all night to pick up what they can find. Monkeys of various kinds keep up a 
perpetual chatter among the trees, Buffaloes, red and black, and goats are 
numerous, and so are dogs of the Pariah breed, and cats with stumps for tails. 
Oxen are imported into Laroot for draught purposes... There are no sheep, 

-Vultures, hawks, kites and crows are plentiful, so are ducks and barn-door fowl. 
Wild geese, duck, teal, snipe, plover, jungle-fowl, and quail are abundant. 

The hills are rich in minerals, especially tin, and mining to a limited extent 
is cartied on by Chinese. Gold and silver ‘are fou nd, but the mineral resources 
of the country are still undeveloped. For example, the tin mines are simple . 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 267 


scratchings on the surface ; the native tin being washed out, the ore has not yet 
been disturbed. : 

Insectlife revels in the damp warm atmosphere. Butterflies, beetles, ants, flies, Insect life. 
mosquitoes, and sand-flies are great pests. The climate appears to be peculiarly 
fayourable to. reptile life ; snakes, innocent and venomous, from the boa- Reptile life 
constrictor to the ‘small water-snake, and from the ophiophagus elaps to the : 
small viper ; lizards, from the huge iguana to the small wall lizard ; centipedes, 
searpions, tortoises, are everywhere met with. The jungle is full of small 
leeches which draw blood freely, aad, as a rule, the bites cause troublesome sores. 

During the stay of the troops at Qualla Kangsa, although it was reported to Climate. 
be the driest season of the year, as compared with Lower Bengal even, the 
climate was decidedly moist and fogs very common. A northerly breeze would 
usually spring up in the early morning rather suddenly, lull towards 11 a.m., 
spring up again at noon, veering round to east and south in the afternoon, and 
die away towards evening. Rain, as a rule, came down in drenching showers, Rain. 
an almost daily occurrence among the surrounding hills. The sky was rarely 
quite free from clouds, the amount being greatest in the afternoon. As a rule Temperature 
the mornings were cool, even chilly if a northern breeze happened to blow, and # ; 
the dew fall was very heavy. ‘Towards noon, when the breeze lulled, the heat 

» became very oppressive, and the temperature continued high till late at night, 
The highest temperature in the shade during January, 1876, was 90°, and the 
highest in the sun 121° ; the lowest temperature in the shade was 72°. The 
maximum range in the shade was 14°, the minimum 6°, and the average 11°25. 
The average in the sun was 109°*24 ; average maximum in the shade, 86°77 ; 
average minimum in the shade, 75°'22; and the average daily temperature in 
the shade during the month, 81°:99. 

The highest temperature in the shade during February was 95°, the lowest 
70° ; the maximum range was 23°, the minimum, 6°, and the average range was 
17°. The average maximum temperature in the shade was 91°, the average 
minimum 73°, and the average daily temperature, 81°-2, 

The highest temperature in the shade during 18 days in March was 93° ; 
the lowest temperature in the shade, 71°; the maximum range in the shade 
was 19°; the minimum, 7° ; and the average daily range, 18°92. The average 
maximum in the shade was 87°°30 ; the average minimum, 73°38 ; and the 
average daily temperature during the 13 days, 79°55. 

Rain feli on 13 different days during December, on 16 different days during 
January, on 14 different days during February, and on 8 different days during 
13 days in March, 
~ ™hunder storms were pretty frequent but not severe, and of short duration, 

The wind was yery variable during the 24 hours, although every day was Wind.: 
pretty much the same. Asa rule, it would go right round the compass between 
morning and night, It came usually in puffs, and, except on one occasion the 
evening of the 28th February, when there was a tremendous squall accompanied 
with heavy rain and thunder, was never very strong. 

- Tn Pérak the rivers are the high roads or principal means of communication. Means of com- 
Of these the river Pérak is the chief. Between the rivers there are numerous munication. 
foot#paths through the jungle, and with the following exception are the only 
means of communication between the rivers. Between Teluk Kertang on the 
Laroot river, and Qualla Kangsa on the Pérak river, a road has been constructed 
having an ayerage width of 15 feet, It has a totallength of 23 miles, and is 
suitable for carts between Teluk Kertang and the Brapit Pass. A similar road 
has been constructed by Captain Speedy between Sampong and the Kota tin 
mines near the Residency, 

Laroot is inhabited by Malays and Chinese, chiefly the latter. Pérak is for Layoot and 
the most part inhabited by Malays. The Chinese found in Pérak work in the Pérak inhabi- 
Kinta mines. ; tants. 

The Malay is of small stature, muscular and active in his movements, fond y,,),, ; . 
of the water, boating, fishing, hunting and dollars ; a goodly number of them t ae inhabi- 
smoke opium, a habit acquired no doubt from the Chinese. Cultivating the Sok 
soil is an occupation they do not show any natural liking for, They are fond 
of music, dancing, and out-door sports, especially a kind of foot-ball, The ball 
is made of split rattan and is very light. A Malay kicks this into the air with 
the instep 0 the bare foot, another kicks it before it reaches the ground, and 


’ 


268 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


_ the object is to keep the ball up as long as possible. /Some of the Malays are 


Dress. 


Malay women. 


Dress. 


Pursuits. 


Malay © 
children. 


Food. 


Qualities. 


‘Weapons, 


Ammunition. 


Malays inter- 
marry. 


Diseases. 


very expert at this game. 

The male dress consists of a black or checked handkerchief tied in a peculiar 
manner over the head, so that the ends stick out like horns 3; chiefs and heads of 
villages wear caps made of grass or embroidered cloth, a cotton or cloth jacket 
named a baju, a pair of trowsers either short or loose like those worn by the 
Chinese, or long and tight at the ankles ; a piece of checked or plain coloured 
cotton, chiefly red, about 3 yards in length, with the ends sewn together, called 
a sarong. ‘This is worn in a variety of ways like a petticoat, tight behind and 
gathered in folds in front, or as a wrap for the head and shoulders or loins, 
according to the dictates of fancy and the particular occupation the Malay may 
be engaged in. 

The ordinary Malay does not require the services of a shoemaker, but some 
of the chiefs who have seen a little of civilized life at Singapore or Penang, 
affect white stockings and patent leather shoes, just like some of our Ayrian 
brethren in Lower Bengal, acs ; 

The Malay women, as a-rule, have flat faces and pug noses, and although 
they cannot boast of much beauty, a pair of sharp bright eyes give them an 
intelligent expression. They are not very dark-skinned, and their hair, which 
is black, they brush off the forehead and arrange rather neatly with the aid of 
pads, &e, They have no head-dresses, and although professed Mahommedans, 
as a rule do not consider it necessary to conceal their faces, 

The clothes of the poorer Malay women éonsist of two sarongs ; one worn as 
a petticoat, the other as a wrap over the head. and shoulders, Those who can 
afford it, wear in addition a tight-fitting long gown over the sarong called a 
kobaya. Some of the young women wear the jacket or baju; they manage to 
pass through life without shoes. 

Household duties employ part of their time, and during leisure moments 
those industriously inclined manufacture grass boxes and rugs, and do a little in 
the way of embroidery; but in the latter accomplishment they are much 
inferior to the women of India. They are of a gay disposition, and fond of 
music and sight-seeing. 

The Malay children are lively and active, and not overburdened with 
clothes ; when modesty calls for it, a pair of trowsers or a sarong, according to 
the sex, is sufficient. They take to the water freely, and are fond of assisting in 
the fishing operations. 

The Malays live chiefly on rice, fish, fruit and condiments, and an occasional 
buffalo feast regales their hearts. They are eternally chewing betel-nut, &e. 
In ordinary times their personal courage is not great, but when worked into a 
state of fanaticism they are regardless of life. When on the war-path they 
show themselves as little as possible, and al ways endeavour to attack when little 
or no hurt is likely to result to themselves. The present campaign has 
disabused them a good deal of their confidence in the defensive power of 
stockades, but they can make their way through the jungle like cats, and so 
close do they lie that they may be passed and repassed by numbers without 
being observed. s 

Their weapons are small pieces of ordnance, rifles and muskets of sorts, 
spears, krises, swords, and pointed bamboos named ranjows, which are stuck in 
the ground at an angle across footpaths and inflict great damage on bare feet. 

Formerly they used a round shield made of rattan, but latterly they have 
lost faith in its powers of defence. 

For rifles they use Snider and other ammunition, and for the muskets large 
slugs and tin bullets moulded over pieces of glass or crockery. For the small 
ordnance they use round shot, and water-shells filled with tin. 

The Malays are very bad shots, firing usually from the hip, but deadly 
with the spear when opportunity offers. They take great care of their spears 
and krises, and attach superstitious significance to certain marks on them. 
Moreover, in the manufacture of these weapons, some of them are yery 
skilful. . ‘ 

The Malays intermarry greatly, and in consequence suffer considerably from 
scrofulous affections ; they are very liable to malarious fevers, dysentery and 
diarrhoea. Many of them have marks of small-pox, and inoculation with small- 
pox is common. They are prone to skin diseases, chiefly eczema, itch, 


° 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 269 


psoriasis and foul ulcers, the latter often originating in leech bites. Their 
surgery is of the most primitive kind, and they are fond of irritants in the 
treatment of wounds. Superficial gunshot wounds they cauterize, and deep 
ones they leave to fate, and object to bullets being extracted. A few of them Bolief in 
have a (itile faith in the value of medicines, but the great majority of them charms. 
have recourse to charms, A curious custom exists among them in cases of 
dangerous illness, which are attributed to the influence of evil spirits. If they 
can remove the evil spirits they are all right ; so with this object they construct 
a miniature prahu or war-boat of wood, complete in every way, with mast, 
rigging, black flag, paddles and rudder. ‘he. boat is filled with various articles 
—a bag of rice at the stern, and a lamp made out of a coekle-shellat the prow ; 
the body of the boat is stuffed with cups made of leaves, containing liquors of 
various sorts ; entrails of fowls, sweetmeats of kinds, tobacco, flowers:and 
copper coins, The boat is supported by a slender square bamboo platform, 
surrounded with pendent grass, to the ends of which are tied all ‘sorts of 
eatables, and at the corners the legs and wings of a chicken. About 18 inches 
below the boat are figures of turtles, crocodiles and lizards, made of rice, resting 
on a plantain leaf, the whole being supported by four straight branches about 
7 feet high (the top leaves forming a canopy) stuck into a ratt made of plantain * 
trees. Slips of bamboo are stuck round the raft, with partially-burned red rags 
tied to them. The raft is set afloat, and it is supposed that the evil spirits, 
enticed away by the food in the boat, leave the patient and attach themselves to 
the boat. Should any Malay, by accident or otherwise, touch this raft after it 
has been set afloat, he or she becomes afflicted with the disease from which the 
person for whose benefit the raft.was set adrift suffered. 
The Chinese are numerous in Laroot, and are for the most part employed in Laroot 
the tin mines. A good many work at trades and keep stores. Chinese. 
They are clannish and quarrelsome, and the majority of them are addicted 
to opium-smoking. They work in gangs with head men over them, who are 
responsible for their good behaviour, ‘The Chinaman lives well, the principal 
articles of his diet being rice, fish, pork, ducks, andtea. He is more industrious 
than the Malay, and when kept well in hand. gets through a good deal of 
work, : 
The Chinese were very unmanageable as transport coolies, but imperfect 
organisation and defective supervision were probably the cause of this. 
They are more healthy than the Malays, but suffer a good deal from malarious 
fevers. : 
They are not so liable to skin diseases. 
When Brigadier-Geneial Ross arrived at Qualla Kangsa, he fixed his resid- Topography of 
ence in Inchi Midas Stockade, and Qualla Kangsa became the head quarters of Qualla 
the Laroot Field Force. Kangsa. 
A spur stretching towards the north-east from Inchi Midas Stockade was 
cleared of jungle, and huts for the European troops erected on it. The spur was 
about 60 feet at its highest part above the level of the river, and sloped down 
towards the river bank. ‘The site of the huts was bounded on the north by the 
Kangsa and Pérak rivers, on the east by the Pérak river and a ravine, on the 
south by jungle, and on the west by Inchi Midas Stockade. 
At the east side of the camp there was an old Malay stockade, part of which Old Malay 


was utilised as a burying-ground for British troops. Stockade. 
The surface soil at Qualla Kangsa was gravelly, with a substratum of 
clay. 


_ The huts were constructed of a framework of wood with thatched roofs, and Huts. 
in some instances thatched sides and gables. ‘he roofs were pretty water- 
tight, and numerous apertures in the walls and at the eaves, together with 
openings to serve as doors, allowed of free ventilation ; each man had an average 
cubic-space of 260 feet. Bamboo platforms were constructed along each side of 
the huts and served as beds, raising the men about 2 feet off the ground. As 
temporary structures the huts answered fairly well, but they were hot during 
the day and damp and chilly at night, due no doubt to the proximity of a large 
river, and the frequent occurrence of fogs. 

A small hut capable of accommodating twelve pean was constructed of Hospital, 
matting to serve as an hospital. I got the hospital servants to partition off a ; 
portion at the west end to serve as an office and dispensary, and erect a small 
8 


Accommoda- 
tion and 
arrangements 
for troups. 


Lighting. 


QLatrines. 


Urinals. 


Portable com - 
modes. 


Camp refuse. 


Cooking. 


‘Tinning of 
pots difficult. 


Fuel. 


© 


270 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT: 


shed at the east end to serve as a lavatory and place forcommodes. They also 
constructed twelve bamboo bedsteads, and a hut for the medical subordinates 
at the west end of the hospital. 

Phe hospital was sufficient to accommodate all the sick till the beginning of 
January. An increase in the amount of sickness then occurring, necessitated 
part of one of the huts occupied by troops being brought into use. This was 
objectionable ; but owing to the uncertainty of the movements of the force the 
General did not like to build fresh huts. A new hut, capable of accommodating 
50 men, was constructed, however, and when this was completed and occupied 
a good hut was handed over for use as an hospital. A portion at the north end 
was partitioned off for an office, and a portion at the south end was divided off 
into lavatory, latrine and dispensary. Bamboo bedsteads were constructed ; 
windows cut out of the walls, and fitted with shutters made of matting. The 
hospital having been made comfortable, was occupied on the 25th January. 

There was accommodation for 32 patients, allowing an area of 66 feet, 
and a cubic space of 705 feet per bed. ‘The ventilation was free, but in other 
respects it was similar to the huts occupied by the troops,—hot during the day 


and damp and chilly during the night. The huts occupied by the troops, and 
“the hospital hut, were lighted at night by means of oil lamps, in accordance 


with the Indian camp scale. 

Tyenches were used in the first instance as latrines for both Europeans and 
Natives, dug to leeward of the camp. Latrines were afterwards constructed over 
the Pérak river ; they were clean, free from smell, and answered the purpose 
well, without apparently polluting the water to a great extent, for the fish were 


in such numbers that the ordure was removed as soon as it reached the surface 


of the water. 

To serve as urinals, narrow deep trenches were dug at convenient sites, and 
dry earth sprinkled over the urine twice a day prevented any offensive smell. 
They answered the purpose remarkably well. 

For hospital use there were portable commodes with tin pans. The dry 
earth system was adopted ; and although, owing to the number of bowel com- 
plaints the commodes were a good deal used, there was no offensive odour. The 
dry earth was stored under cover in old porter casks. ‘ 

The camp refuse was collected in heaps and burned. A gang of 20 Chinese 
coolies, under the Provost Marshal, kept the camp clean ;-and, altnough there 
were a large number of natives, the sanitary condition of the camp was good, 


A few floggings convinced the natives that they could not commit nuisances 


with impunity, and as all the jungle had been rooted up, there was no cover to 
conceal filth. 

Drains were dug round" cach of the huts to carry off the surface water, and 
as there was a good fall towards the river, the ground very soon dried up after 
rain, j 

Cooking was done under cover, Open sheds with thatched roofs were 
constructed, and protected ‘from the sun and from rain as a rule, The cooking 
utensils were the ordinary tinned copper boilers and frying-pans in use in India, 
and permitted of boiling, stewing, and frying. ; 

I am of opinion that copper cooking-pots are a mistake, especially on 
service, when they have a good deal of wear and tear, The tinning process isa 
serious drawback, especially where there are detachments at a distance from the 
tinning men. During the Pérak operations it was with the greatest difficulty 
the pots were even indifferently tinned, as tinsmiths instead of tinning men 
were sent with the force, and it was by the merest accident that a man who 
knew something about tinning was discovered. Strong block tin boilers are 
lighter to carry, and would in every way be superior on service to copper 
boilers. As a hospital kitchen, a hut was erected by the followers. The 
utensils were copper boilers for meat, &c., and enamelled saucepans for cooking 
arrowroot, &e. ' : 

Here again block-tin would be st suitable, as there was the same 
ee about tinning the boilers, od the saucepans were cumbersome and 

heavy. 

Fuel for all purposes was brought in by fatigue parties of coolies from the 
jungle, and stacked near the kitchens. The.wood burned well, and the supply 
was abundant. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 271. 


The: means of ablutiow were not very ree but answered the purpose Lavatory. 
~very well. Porter casks cut in two made very good tubs, and these were kept s 
‘full of water, with which the men washed their faces and hands, 

There were voluntar y bathing’ parades every evening under the orderly Bathing. 
officer, and compulsory bathing parades at 7 A.M. once a week. Washing was 
-done by the men in the Pérak and Kangsa rivers as occasion required. The 
hospital clothing was washed by washermen, as in India. 

For ablution purposes the hospital was furnished with block-tin basins, and 
tubs made out of porter casks, 

To remove waste water and to keep the lavatory dry, I had an empty tub 
inside the lavatory communicating by means of a bamboo tube with a tub 
-sunk in the ground outside the lavator ‘¥, 80.:— 


SLA 


il iN 


| eee : i pone . : 


i 
N ool a 


‘The outside tub was emptied by hand as occasion required, and the- contents 
-earried outside the camp. 

The eee were rationed on the same scale as was adopted in Abyssinia; Rations. 
fresh meat, 14 lb. ; bread, 13 Ib. 5 or biscuit, 1 lb. ; sugar, 23 '0z. ; potatoes or 
yams, 1 lb. 5 salt, i OZ. 5 tea, 8 oz. 3 or cocoa, 1 oz.; or coffee, 1 62, After the 
“24th of January, salted beef and pork were each issued once a-week to the 
extent of 12 0z. per ration; accompanying this issue there was a weekly 
allowance of 6 oz. pickles, } pint vinegar, + oz. mustard, and ? oz. pepper. 
When tinned meat was issued instead of fresh meat, the allowance was 1 lb. 
perman. With the exception of a few days in the beginning of December, the 
fresh meat consisted of buffalo flesh. Several oxen were imported from 
~~ but disease broke out among them, due, in my opinion, to the trying 

treatment the animals received, and it was not considered judicious to import 
more. 

The buffaloes were of two kinds, black and red; the latter being much 
more numerous than the former—both were used for food. Buffalo flesh has a 

eculiar sweetish flavour, and is extremely tough, coarse, and indigestible. 

ith elaborate manipulation, seasoning, and gr eat care in the cooking, it could 

be made palatable, but the limited means of cooking at the disposal of the 

troops would not admit of this. A good many men, under the i impression that 
dt caused diarrhoea, would not eat it. 

The tinned meats, chiefly Australian beef and mutton, were occasionally 
issued ; their quality was, on the whole, good, but the troops were soon tired of 
_them, as they had but little flavour, and all tasted alike. 

The salted beef and pork were of fair quality and were well liked by the 
‘men as a change: 

Biscuit was issued for a short time of ver 'y fair quality, and now and again 
to detachments, if there was no bakery. After a bakery was established at 
‘Qualla Kangsa, bread was issued there, and at Campong Boyah and Gapes as 
well, At first it was good, but latterly it fell off a good deal, owing to the flour 

s2 


‘Lime juice 
issued. 


Porter and 
rum. 


Water. 


River water. 


Well water. 


River water 
boiled. 


Clothing. 


272 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


being gritty and damaged from damp. Australian and Indian flour separately 
or mixed were used in its manufacture. 

The tea issued was China tea, of indifferent quality, a considerable propor- 
tion consisting of small stalks. The tea issued to the troops in India is much 
superior, 

The coffee was issued raw, and as proper means for roasting and grinding 
were not available, it was not much used ; moreover, the men had an impression. 
that it caused diarrhoea. Cocoa in cakes was occasionally issued ; the quality 
was fairly good and the troops liked it. ‘ 

The sugar was of unequal quality, as a rule dirty and not to be compared 
with the sugar issued to the troops in India. 

The salt, pepper, pickles vinegar and mustard were good, - 

The potatoes were good when fresh, but deteriorated after being kept a few 
days. ‘The yams were rather coarse but wholesome. Some onions and pump- 
kins could be obtained by private purchase. .— 

In the way of fruits,—plantains, cocoanuts, mangoes and guavas were within 
reach of the soldiers, but money was very scarce. 

On the recommendation of Surgeon-Major Collis, 2 oz. lime juice and 1 02. 
sugar were issued to the Huropean troops twice a week after the 22nd 
December. 

Porter and rum were issued on alternate days, the daily ration being one 
pint of porter cr one dram of rum. ‘They were botl: of wholesome quality, and 
I believe their issue was beneficial. As it was extremely difficult to procure 
other liquor, intemperance was reduced to a minimum. 

_ Whe water for all purposes was. obtained in the first instance from the 
yiver Pérak. A well 25 feet deep was afterwards sunk, and afforded a limited 
supply of water. 

The river water was slightly turbid on being drawn, but, after settling a little, 
became perfectly colourless and transparent, a sediment of mud or fine sand 
being thrown down. ‘There was also deposited a perfectly colourless and 
transparent gelatinous slime which rapidly choked the filters; in other respects 
it was free from odour and pleasant to the taste. 

The well water was from the surface chiefly ; it was hazy when drawn and 
continued so after settling for some time. ‘The haziness was due to fine 
particles of clay, and even after filtration was not entirely removed, It hada 
clayey odour and slight earthy taste. Both the river and well water were very 
soft. The river water was at first used in its natural state and appeared to 
be wholesome. In the beginning of January a Macnamara filter came to the 
front, and was at once brought into use. A second arriving shortly afterwards, 
a sufficiency of water for drinking purposes was filtered and used by the troops. 

‘I'wo filters only having been sanctioned, the troops in the out-stations used 
unfiltered water. Dysentery becoming-rather prevalent, large boilers were 
applied for, and four having been brought to the front, all the drinking water 
was boiled before being filtered. After the well was opened, one filter was used 
for well water and the other for boiled river water. After boiling and filtration 
the water was decidedly good. 

The clothing of the troops consisted of a serge suit and two suits of cotton 
drill dyed a khaki colour, helmet, Glergary cap, leather gaiters, woollen shirt 
and socks, cholera belts, Kilmarnock night caps and ammunition boots, 

Taking into consideration the very limited time allowed for preparation, the 
clothing was as suitable as could be obtained, but in a very damp climate like 
that of Pérak, cotton drill, unless frequently washed and artificially dried, 
becomes damp and clammy. In the morning with the temperature below 80° 
and a cold breeze blowing, it was not sufficiently warm, and when put on 
in the morning felt damp and uncomfortable. For garrison life white cotton 


drill is suitable enough, but for jungle work woollen clothing would be better / 


adapted. A light textured tweed of a darkish slate colour, with the cloth 
doubled and quilted at seat and knees of trousers ard elbows of coat, where it is 
et apt to give way, would be comfortable and diminish the susceptibility to 
chill. 

The leather gaiters were too hot, and when wet became soft and pulpy. 
Tanned canvas gaiters being porous, would be more suitable, and they weuld 
support the leg better than leather gaiters. 


- APPEND{X TO REPORT FOR 1876. D273 


The helmets, Glengaries and Kilmarnock night caps were comfortable and 
suitable, | : . 

» The ammunition boots did not give much wear. 

In the way of bedding, the soldier had his great coat, a blanket and a waler- 
proof sheet. As arule these were sufficient, but there were times when an 
“extra blanket would have been very acceptable. 

Waterproof cloaks with hoods were provided for the sentries during rain. 

Serge suits were worn on night duties after the Ist of February when con- 
sidered advisable. 

During the first half of December the troops were marching to the front Duties. 
through Laroot. After arrival at the various positions,—Qualla Kangsa, 
Campang Boyah and Gapes,—they were employed in clearing jungle, levelling 
ant hills and road making. Military duties were light. 

I recommended that the working hours should be two hours in the morning 
and two hours in the evening ; but the Commanding Royal Engineer stating 
that it was necessary that a clearing should be made as speedily as possible, the 
officers and men were employed from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day, with an hour 
allowed for breakfast and an hour for dinner. As the exposure began to tell on 
the officers and men, Surgeon-Major Collis reeommended, on the 28th lecember, 
that the working hours should be from 6 to 8.80 a.m., 9 to 1f a.m., and 8 to 
5pm. This recommendation was acted on, but did not appear to be followed 
hy the benefit anticipated. ‘Towards the close of January, when the working 
liours were from 6 to 8 a.m. and 4 to G p.m, the improvement in the health was 
marked, and after the middle of February, when fatigue duties were only 
performed in the morning, the admissions to hospital were very few, and bowel 
complaints almost entirely disappeared. 

In addition to the fatigue duties, the night duties became harassing after 
the Kota Lama affair.on the 4th January, and continued so till the arrival of 
the Goorkhas on the 26th January. 

The fatigue duties were occasionally interrupted by affairs with the Malays . 
during January and beginning of February, and these had an enlivening 
influence on the men, and gave them something to tall about. 

Certain work had to be performed at Qualla Kangsa and the other stockades 
in a short space of time, and, in consequence, it was considered necessary that 
the men should work during the heat of the day. This of course could not be 
accomplished with impunity to health, and although at first the exposure did 
not appear to be prejudicial to health, it was secretly influencing the system. 
The lesson taught was that in a similar climate, fatigue duties during the heat 
of the day should be avoided when practicable. 

As the troops were daily under observation, routine health inspections were 
not made, 

The sick transport consisted of doolies, dandies, elephants, carts with springs Si-ktranspcr's 
and carts without springs, and was under the supervision of the Assistant 
Quartermaster-General. When not required for doolies the dooly-bearers were 
employed as ordinary coolies; probably this could not be avoided, hut the effect 
-of it was that, when dooly-bearers were required for the sick, they were sent 
in a gang without being told off to doolies or sorted in any way. Ilad the 
dooly-bearers been under the supervision of the medical officers, they would 
have been paraded and told off to doolies in sets according to height, and so 
cary the doolies with comfort to the inmates. Dovlies were only employed in 
carrying sick between Qualla Kangsa and the Laroot River. Asa rule they 
stopped short at Bukit Gantang, carts being employed for the remainder of the 
journey. 

The dooly used was the Morley-Collis dooley, with six bearers. The Movrley-Collis 
material and workmanship of the doolies supplied were very inferior, and, in dooley. 
consequence, during every trip they were greatly damaged, and as a rule 
brought back in an unserviceable condition. Fortunately the Madras Sappers 
were at hand and able to repair them, otherwise, after the first trip they would 
have been useless. As to the merits of the dooly, when in motion on a smooth 
road, it is more comfortable than the old pattern army dooly. The raised 
portion of canvas to serve as a pillow is a decided improvement. The dooly can 

_be packed up so as to be tolerably portable. It is not equal to the old army 
dooly when at rest, as the roof collapses to a certa'n extent, and if great care is 


Dandies, 


Elephants. 


Carts. 


Hospital 
equpiment. 


Medical trans- 
actions. The 
Buffs 


Quinine issue. 


274 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


not taken, the end pieces of the dooly will fall against-the inmate’s head or- 
feet. Care is required in adjusting the’frame work of the dooly, so that 
the corner cords may not be too long nor too short. The second rings in the 

end pieces of the dooly intended for lowering the pole, so that the duoly may 

be vaised higher, are practically useless, as it takes a long time to remove the~ 
pole and place it in the second rings, and when this is accomplished, the pole 

end the inmate’s nose come into very undesirable proximity. 

Ona rough road, the play allowed by the end chains causes the bearers to- 
ttagger about, and they have great difficulty in keeping the dooly steady. 

There is too much iron work about the dooly, and the number of screws, 
clasps, rivets, hooks, staples, pins, chains, &c., makes repair difficult after 
damage. 

I have come to the aboye conclusions after having repeatedly seen the doolies 
return from moderate journeys, broken and unserviceable, and after having 
walked a distance of 14 miles over a rough road alongside-six of them, 

The dandies were always employed for jungle work, as the doolies were not 
at all suited for the work. They answered very well, although they were 
rather old.and required looking after. They were rather short, as they were- 
intended for hill work and for natives. Four bearers carried one easily. 

A similarly constructed dandie, 6 feet long and 2 feet wide, witha blanket 
handy to throw over the pole to serve asa protection from the sun, would be 
the most suitable form for rough roads and jungle paths. 

Elephants were not a comfortable mode of conveyance, chiefly because there - 
was no proper place to sit on. An elephant could only carry two men with 
their rifles and accoutrements. 

The carts with and without spring, on account of inequalities in the road,. 
jolted greatly and were only suited to convalescents. They were used between. 
Bukit Gantang and the landing place on the Laroot river. 

The medicines, instruments, medical stores, and comforts were amply- 


_ sufficient, and this although a third ef the medicines and stores were not 


available until the return of the troops. It was a mistake to divide them into 

three lots, as one of the lots lay unused in the hold of the “ Czarewitch ” 
underneath Commissariat stores, and, when a few medicines were required in: 
the treatment. of bowel complaints, Surgeon-Major Collis applied to Penang in: 
vain for a suppply. 

The medicines and appliances were packed in coarse boxes, with ver 
inferior padlocks attached, and were not strong enough for the rough handling 
they got. In some cases there was some difticulty experienced in preventing 
the boxes from falling to pieces. 

In any similar expedition I would recommend that all the reserve medicines 
and stores should be kept together and packed in substantial well made boxes, . 
furnished with good strong padlocks, that field panniers and field companions - 
should be available for detachments. The field pannier might contain a few 
more medicines, especially morphia and sulphate of zinc. It should be the duty 
of a medical subordinate to look after the medical supplies under instructions - 
from the Principal Medical Officer, and attend to requisitions for medicines and: 
appliances from medical officers in charge of detachments. 

By keeping all the medical supplies together, fewer boxes and less carriage: 
would be required, a great matter when transport is obtained with difficulty. 

As previously stated, a careful inspection of the European portion of the 
force was made before it left Calcutta. 

-On board ship and during the advance through Laroot to the Pérak river, . 
the troops, although they had some hot and trying marches, enjoyed first-rate 
health. During the march, which occupied ten days, a three-grain issue of 
quinine was made every second day, but was stopped after Qualla Kangsa was. 
reached, as a febrile tendency did not manifest itself among the men, 

Surgeon-Major Collis commenced a daily issue of three grains of quinine o1 
the 19th January, and after the 29th of the same mouth, this was continued on 
alternate days until the troops left the Malay Peninsula, 

Towards the end,of December, diarrhoea oft mild type, and usually lasting 
for 24 hours, became pretty prevalent among both officers and men, and now 
and again a case of dysentery and simple continued fever would come under 
treatment. Somewhat later on, in the beginning of January, dysentery and: 


a 


_—— 


' APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR ] 876. 275 


diarrhoea of a severe type became prevalent, and strong-looking men were 
chiefly affected. Towards the end of January an improvement occurred, bowel 
complaints becoming less numerous and, at the same time, less severe. The 
chief cause in bringing about this change was no doubt reducing the number 
- of working hours, so that the men were not exposed.to the sun. Boiling the 
drinking water before filtration and the commencement of a quinine issue were 
no doubt of great benefit. It was a curious circumstance that subsequent 
to the commencement of a regular quinine issue, as bowel complaints decreased, 
malarious fever increased, 

Although the mortality from bowel complaints among the native troops 
was comparatively speaking small, they suffered from them in even a greater 
degree than the Europeans. This was especially the case with the Madras 
Sappers and Miners, and the fact of no mortality occurring was probably due to 
' the climate being pretty similar to the climate they had always been accustomed 
to. 

The troops located in Perak, at Qualla Kangsa, Campong Boyah, Gapes, 
Blanja and Kinta, all within a radius of 20 miles, as the climate, food and 
pursuits were the same, suffered about the same in degree and from similar 
complaints. = 

On the other hand two companies of the Buffs quartered at Malacca showed 
a great immunity from bowel complaints, and there was no mortality ; further, 
the amount‘of sickness was trifling. The reason for such a difference is patent— 
light duty, comfortable quarters, no exposure to the sun, good food, and the 
midday heat tempered by a mild sea breeze. 

After the middle of February there were very few fresh admissions, but 
such was the relaxing nature of the climate, that the cases under treatment 
made little progress towards recovery. 

When bowel complaints were most prevalent in January, several patients 
were sent to Penang for change of air, but the result was not very beneficial, as 
» the majority of them had afterwards to be invalided to England immediately on 
arrival in Calcutta, and one or two died. 

Adiissions for other diseases, besides fevers and bowel complaints, were not 
numerous, and it is worthy of remark that from the time the Buffs left Caleutta 
until they returned, there was not a single admission for venereal disease. 

The officers living on the same food and under similar circumstances as.the 
men suffered in an equal, if not a greater, degree, and from the same diseases. 

The average streneth of the service companies of the Buffs was 599. Of Statistics. 
this number 401 were distributed in Pérak, at Qualla Kangsa, Campong Boyah, 
Gapes, Blanja and Kinta, and 198 garrisoned Malacca. 

The total number of admissions into hospital, from the 20th November, 1875, 
nh the 27th March, 1876, was 137, being in the ratio of 218-71 per thousand for 
the period. 

There were altogether 13 deaths, being in the ratio of 21°70 per thousand for 
the period. 

Immediately after the return of the regiment to Calcutta, 17 men were 
invalided to England, being in the ratio of 28°39 per thousand. 

The average daily sick was 14°82, and the average number of days per man 
in hospital was 3:16. 

The great bulk of admissions was caused by fevers and bowel complaints, 
and except that the mortality was considerable, the total amount of sickness 
was not great. yD evgieremn rear ets ‘ 

Simple continued fever gave 25 admissions, pretty equally distributed over Simple con=" 
the whole period, being in the ratio of 41°73 per thousand for the period. tinued fevers 

There was one death, being in the ratio of 1°66 per thousand. 

There was a good deal of similarity in. the symptoms of all the cases, and 
they corresponded pretty closely with those observed in mild ardent fever, such 
as occurs among young soldiers shortly after arrival in India. The symptoms 
were violent headache, flushed face and suffused conjunctive, coated tongue, 
and constipated bowels, great: thirst and no appetite, full incompressible pulse, 
After about four days the symptoms would disappear somewhat suddenly, 
leaving the patient weak but convalescent. Many of the patients complained 
of pain and stiffness at the back of the head and neck after the acute symptoms 
disappeared, ; 


Malarious 
fevers. 


Dysentery. 


Symptoms. 


Treatment. 


276 * ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


In the fatal case of fever, the patient had been a good deal exposed to the 
sun as orderly cook. The fever was characterised by violent head symptoms, 
indicating considerable brain irritation. 

Previous to death there was considerable twitching of the muscles of the 
face and extremities, the patient being at the time comatose. 

The cause of these fevers was probably exposure to the sun followed by a chill. 

Malarious fevers did not shew themselves till February, and, curiously 
enough, after the troops had been taking quinine regularly for some time. The 
forms were quotidian and tertian, and yielded readily to large doses of quinine 
and stimulants. 

There were altogether 10 admissions, being in the ratio of 16°69 per 
thousand, No deaths. 

It is probable that the quinine issue, although it did not act as a prophy- 
lactic against malarious fevers, was useful in improving the general health, and 
thus diminishing the liability to bowel complaints. 

The Goorkhas got no quinine as a_prophylactic, and suffered in proportion, 
very slightly more than the Buffs from malarious fevers. ° 

The two cases of acute rheumatism admitted belonged to the detachment at 
Malacca, 

Of the four cases of muscular rheumatism, three occurred at Malacca and one 
at Qualla Kangsa. They were ordinary cases of lumbago. 

One case of heat apoplexy occurred on board the hired steamer ‘* Abyssinia,” 
and was attributed to the man falling asleep with his head near a heated steam 
pipe. He made a good recovery. , 

One case of spinal meningitis was admitted to the field hospital at Banda 
Barru, and proved fatal the day after admission, he had been sent from Blanja 
suffering from dysentery. 

The case of brow ague occurred at Malacca. 

The case of inflammation of inguinal glands occurred at Malacea. 


One case of laryngeal catarrh and one case of bronchitis occurred at Malacca. 


The case of pneumonia occurred at Qualla Kangsa, The disease was limited 
to the lower two-thirds of the right lung, and for some time progressed 
satisfactorily, but, owing to the relaxing climate, the disease became chronic and 
destructive lung disease set in. The patient was invalided to England after 
arrival in Calcutta, and is reported to have since died. 

Two cases of dyspepsia were admitted at Qualla Kangsa, and in all proba- 
bility were due to indifferent food. 

Dysentery was the scourge of the force in Pérak. Among the Buffs there 
were 42 admissions, being at the rate of 70°11 per thousand for the period, and 
five deaths, being in the ratio of 8°34 per thousand for the period. 

In most cases the disease commenced with symptoms of ordinary diarrhea, 
followed in two or three days by malarious fever, tenesmus, tormina, frequent 
grumous, slimy motions, loss of appetite and intense thirst. The tongue, at 
first coated and furred, became, in the chronic stage, preternaturally clear and 
red. Ina day or two the skin would become moist without the dysenteric 
symptoms abating, and prostration rapidly sets in. There was no scorbutic 
tendency observed in any of the cases. It is probable that the colon rapidly 
became ulcerated, as profuse hemorrhage was a frequent occurrence, and in 
fatal cases was the immediate cause of death. During convalescence, relapses 
were frequent, indicating an altered condition of the bowel. 

In one fatal case, great twitching of the muscles of the face and extremities 
preceded death, due, most likely, to eccentric irritation of the spinal cord. 

As to treatment: Ipecacuanha in large doses, even when given in the 
earliest stage of the disease, without relieving the dysenteric symptoms, 
produced such prostration that it was unsafe to continue its use. In smaller 
doses, combined with opium, in the form of Dover's powder, it was of good 
service. In some of the cases, medicine did not appear to have the slightest 
remedial effect. The medicines relied on chiefly were Dover’s powder and 
quinine, chlorodyne, tr. opii and quinine, morphia and quinine. 

Stimulants had to be given at an early stage of the disease. Opiate enemata 
gave great relief when the gut was‘able to retain them. 

The thirst was difficult to subdue, but drinks made cf lime-juice and 
aromatic sulphuric acid and barley water appeared to be useful. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FoR 1876. DIEU 


Whea the disease became chronic, the tonzue beeame clear ani xed, 
sometimes fissured, and the appetite. was not satisfactory ; pulse small ani 
freauent. skin damp and clammy. When hemorrhage from the bowels occurred 
under such cireumstances, the patient’s chance of recovery was small, still, 
even after repeated hemorrhage, there were some wonderful recoveries. 


Tt is probable that various agents contributed to the occurrence of dysentery. ¢ 


First, “climatic peculiarities” ; a very moist atmosphere; temperature high, 
and heat rather oppressive during the day. Occasional puffs of a cool north 
breeze, a close evening followed towards early morning by a sudden fall in the 
temperature and the advent of a cold northerly breeze. Second, the proximity 
of a large river and the occurrence of morning fogs. Third, exposure to the 
sun with the body perspiring profusely under exertion, exciting a thirst that 
frequent and copious draughts of water only would allay. Fourth, the slime 
in the water of itself caused a tendency to diarrhoea. Lastly, indigestible food. 
These various agents acted on the system in such a manner that a chill was. all 
that was required to excite morbid action; and as large quantities of cold 
water were swallowed daily, the bowels suffered. 

When the working time was materially reduced, bowel complaints almost 
disappeared, and in producing this satisfactory change I have no doubt that 
boiling the water for drinking and the quinine issue assisted. 

On the 7th February, 1876, half a company of the Buffs went to Blanja 
from Qualla Kangsa ; they were free from sickness on arrival at Blanja, all 
the troops there were employed the greater part of the day in cutting jungle 
aud erecting a palisade. Dysentery and diarrhoea became common. ‘The 
working hours were then limited to two hours in the morning and two hours 
in the evening, with the result of removing the tendency to bowel complaints. 

Diarrhea gave 19 admissions into hospital, being in the ratio of 31°71 per 

thousand for the period, and three deaths, being in the ratio of 5 per thousand 
for the period. Asarule the diarrhoea was amenable to treatment, but in the 
severer cases, medicine did not have much effect. The symptoms were little 
or no fever ; no tenesmus, furred tongue, intense thirst, no appetite, or the 
appetite not at all impaired. Motions very frequent and of a brown watery 
nature. In the serious cases the pulse would become very weak and the skin 
damp and clammy, and the profuse purging caused death by exhaustion. In 
one of the cases hemorrhage was the immediate cause of death. 

The same agents were at work in causing the diarrhoea as in causing the 
dysentery. : 

One case of right inguinal hernia occurred. ‘The subject of the injury was 
on the left bank of the river, at the attack on Kota Lama on the 20th January, 
and was trying to jump across a deep ditch in front of a stockade, when, 
missing his footing, he fell into the ditch, and I presume the weight of arms, 
ammunition and accoutrements assisted in causing the rupture, 

Dae case of colic occurred at Qualla Kangsa. The subject was a strong 
muscular man who distinguished himself at the atheletic sports on Christmas 
Day, and 1s supposed to have injured himself. 

The bowels were not ovstructed, but le had frequent bilious vomiting and, 
before death, became quite jaundiced. A circumscribed hardness, the size of a 
large orange, could be felt round the umbilicus; it was neither painful nor 
tender on manipulation. The constant vomiting and colicky seizures soon 
exhausted him and he died comatose. There were no febrile symptoms. The 
actual cause of death could not be ascertained, as there was no opportunity for 
holding post mortem examinations, 

The two cases of hepatitis occurred at Malacca. One case invalided to 
England was admitted as simple continued fever. 

The case of abscess of the liver associated with dysentery, occurred at Banda 
Banu; the patient was sent to Singapore where he died. I was unable to obtain 
any particulars about the case. : 

The two cases of orchitis occurred at Malacca, and the case of boil at Qualla 
Kengsa; there was nothing special about them. 

The cases of ulcer occurred at Malacca. 

Fortunately for the Buffs the Malays were very bad shots, for, although on 


QUSCS. 


Diarrhoea. 


Gun-shof 


several occasions exposed to their fire, and that within short ranges, only one wounds. 


man was hit. The unfortunate man was one of a working party cutting wood 


Officers. 


OTB ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 


at the south side of the camp at Qualla Kangsa on’ the morning of the 
14th January, and was in the act of picking up a piece of wood to carry back 
to the camp when he was shot. The wound was caused by a large slug of 
semi-lunar shape, which penetrated at the middle of the left thigh in front, and 
came out immediately below the fold of left nates, Apparently no injury was 
done to bone or nerves and the hemorrhage was slight. ‘The wound pro- 
gressed satisfactorily, and there was every prospect of a good recovery. About 
a week after admission he showed symptoms of irritative fever, and in conse- 
quence, was sent to Penang for change of air. He died just before reaching 
Penang. The anterior wound had almost healed and the posterior wound was. 
progressing favourably. 

The-case of contusion occurred at Qualla Kangsa. 

The case of fracture occurred at Blanja and was caused in a curious manner. 
The subject was climbing a cocoa palm and had reached a height of about 
7 feet when he was attacked so furiously by red ants that he was forced to-let 
go hold of the tree, and, falling to the ground, sustained simple fracture of the 
left tibia and fibula. The fracture did well, but the patient afterwards becoming 
debilitated and showing a disposition to attacks of ague, was invalided to 
England immediately after arrival in Calcutta, 

The admissions for wounds were caused by spears that had been captured. 
One accidently dropped on the instep of a soldier's foot, just escaping the 
anterior tibial artery. These wounds did well. é 

The case of potsoned finger occurred at Kinta, and as the medical certificates 
only stated that it was accidental, I am unable to state the nature of the 
poisoning. The finger got all right. 

. The four cases returned as “no appreciable disease” had been wnder treat- 
ment at Penang for dysentery, but were discharged from the station hospital 
and sent to the troop-ship “Himalaya.” As the “Himalaya” had to go back 
to the mouth of the Laroot river and would return to Penang ina few days, 
the captain, under the impression that the men were at the time suffering from 
dysentery, would not allow them to embark. They had to retern to Penang 
‘station hospital, and hence the admissions “no appreciable disease.” 

The average strength of the officers was 19, and out of this number seven 
were admitted to the sick list, being in the ratio of 368-42 per thousand for the 

eriod. 

: ‘There were two deaths, being in the ratio of 10526 per thousand for the 

eriod. 

. The case of sunstroke (heat-apoplexy) was that of Surgeon-Major Collis. 
He had just landed on the 9th December, and reached a village named Matang, 
one mile from the landing-place, when he was suddenly seized with faintness 
and became insensible, On recovering a little, he was sent by Surgeon Churchill, 
who attended him, to the steamer “ Arabia,”’ at the mouth of the Laroot river, 
and remaining there a few days, landed again and proceeded ina dooly to the 
front. Although far from well, he resumed duty as senior medical officer, and 
for some time his health improved ; but a weight and weakness continuing in 
his left arm and leg, he went to Penang on medical certificate on the 
31st January, and thence to Caleutta. He has since been sent to Mussoorie on 
medical certificate. } 

Major Morley had an attack -of éritis, preceded by fever and slight rheumatic 
pains at Blanja, the result of a chill. ‘The disease was limited to the right eye, 
and did not disappear until after arrival in India. 

Lieutenants Ommanney and Armstrong, and Sub-Liéutenant Chippindall, 
were the subjects of dysentery. Lieutenant Ommanney became ill at Kinta, 
Lieutenant Armstrong at Qualla Kangsa, and Sub-Lieutenant Chippindall at 
Gapes. The three cases-were very severe and. relapses frequent. After return 
to India, on the recommendation of medical boards, Lieutenant Ommanney and 
Sub-Lieutenant Chippindall were invalided to England. Lieutenant Armstrong 
did not get beyond Penang; repeated attacks of hemorrhage from the bowels 
occurring, caused fatal exhaustion. 

The fatal case of (duodenitis) enteritis was that of Lieutenant and Adjutant 
Colvill.. On the evening of ‘the 21st February, he exposed himself naked in a 
canoe for nearly an hour to a cool north hreeze, and experienced a severe chill. 
The seme night he had-severe colicky pains and painful spasms of the stomach, 


a 


* 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 279 


An emetic and warm water injection gave temporary relief. The stomacr 
became very irritable, and there was pain and tenderness in the epigastrium. 
The bowels were relieved by soap and water enemata. The vomiting 


became persistent, each act of vomiting being preceded by painful spasms of the 


stomach, 

There was very little fever, but marked Ayperwsthesia, and chloroform had 
to, be frequently administered to give relief. As everything taken into the 
stomach was rejected, nutrient enemata were given, but the morbid action con- 
tinuing, exhaustion set in and proved fatal on the night of the 29th February. 

Opiates in various forms were largely given, and local applications, sedative and 
soothing, but with only temporary benefit. Chloroform gave him most relief. 

He had suffered from similar symptoms previously in India, 

{ The case of spear wound was that of Surgeon E. Townsend. 

On the 4th January he accompanied the Buffs on the left bank of the river 
to Kota Lama, but getting separated from them was attacked by three Malays. 
The leader he shot dead with his revolver, but tripping, he fell, and the dead 
body of the Malay fell on the top of him. Thissaved him, as the two.remaining 
Malays had barely time to wound him in the right arm and left leg before two 
blue jackets rashed up and saved him by shooting the Malays. The wound in 


the arm laid bare and injured the biceps muscle, the wound in the leg was only - 


cutaneous. None of the spear wounds healed by the first intention. 

Almost immediately after the arrival of the regiment at Cawnpore, several 
officers suffered from fever, and Captain Kelly had to be invalided to England 
in consequence of an attack of catarrh followed by dysentery. On the arrival 
of the regiment at Calcutta,67 men were sent to Darjeeling for change of, air, 
in addition to 8 married men, who with their families were sent to other hill 
stations. 5 

A good many men suffered from the sun during the march to Howrah rail- 
way station, and the effects in several cases have not yet passed away. ‘I'ne 
regiment had scarcely reached Cawnpore when two men died of cholera, and a 
third has since died. One of the men left in Calcutta for Darjeeling died of 
cholera also. : 

A few days after reaching Cawnpore, the hospital became filled with cases of 
eatarrh and fever, convalescence from which was very slow, due to the relaxing 
effect of the Pérak climate, and to the circumstance that the regiment did not 
have the benefit of a cold season, the temperature in Pérak in the cold season 
being as high as it is in Calcutta during the hot weather. 

Now that the regiment has settled down, and from a judicious arrangement 
of duty on the part of the commanding officer, the health of the men shows 
marked improvement, but I anticipate that until the Buffs get a thorough 
change of climate, a high standard of liealth will not be attained. 

I shall now append a few Tables to show the extent of sickness and mortality 
among the officers and men of the Buffs from the 20th November, 1875, to the 


27th March, 1876, being the period during which the service companies of the: 


regiment were absent from India, 


General 
remarks 


280 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


Taste I.—Admissions into Hospital and Mortality among the Buffs in the Malay 
Peninsula, from 20th November, 1875, to 27th March, 1876. 


a ES 


Dysentery and Other 


Fevers. Disishon: Diseases: Wounds. Total. 
Strength. 3 rg 3 zg 3 
599 25 1 61. 8 50 Balhowtay 1 | 137 13 
A ERA Ba ETD RP US Are EL lI 


TaziE II.—Ratio of Admissions into Hospital and Mortality among the Buffs fo 
strength per thousand, from-20th November, 1875, to 27th March, 1876. 


: Dysentery and Other 
Fevers. ie oe ian Wounds. Total. : 
Average . 4 : ci 
Strength.| 8 3 = = 
2 y ‘ a= 5 5a) E 
BA cBy pleeoal oe lane dias gis 
< A < A =< a = A 
599 41-78) 1°66 |101 °83) 13-35} 83-417] 5-0 | 1°66 | 1°66 |228°69| 21-67 


TaBLeE III.—Admissions to the Sick List and Mortality among the Officers of the 
Buffs, from 20th November, 1875, to 27th March, 1876. 


Sunstroke 


Dysentery and Other - 
and Fevers. 


Diarrhea. Diseases. 


Average ‘ : : 
Strength.| 3 a as 3 i 
BS = = “S < ; 
Cet aie e/2/81/2/8)2 
<q i <q < Q < a asl A 
1 2 7 2 


TastE IV.—Ratio of Admissions to the Sick List and Mortality 


0 to strength per 
thousand among the Officers of the Buffs, from 20th November, 1875, to 
27th March, 1876. 


. 


Sunstroke [{Dysentery and Other : 
and Fevers. Diarrhea. Diseases. Wounds. Total. 


Average 
Strength. 


Admitted. 
Admitted. 


Died. 


Died 
Admitted 
Died. 
| Admitted. 
| Died. 


| Died. 


52°63) .. |157°89) 52 pee "29) 52°63! 52°63] .. 1868°41/105-26 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 281 


TaBie VY.—Showiig the number of Officers and Men of the Buffs invalided to 
England after arrival in India, and the Diseases. 


Pav Crh in| ts 1 Dysentery Other re ‘aaem ea 
Strength. Fevers. & Diarrhea, | Diseases. WIRGEEGEES, TOR 
7 a al va a res Ae i] | wa 
Officers Men. g : 8 ; S$ | : 8 : 8 ; 
€ 5 |g § g | & e | 8 eg 8 
S a S) a Sh a ‘S) Al Ss) a 
— |e ——7 rons ha Gan Lee 
| 
19 599 2| 2] 12 aes | fog ay 
! | | 


Tare VI.—Ratio of Inyaliding to England among Officers and Men of the Buffs to 
strength per thousand. 


Average Strength. Fevers. Be pce eee A Wounds. Total. 
ae Ta 1 os 
Z g g Z| é | 
Officers. Men. § ; & ; $ A 5 ; 8 ; 
: epeche12\a.\8 \e..2)els 
ro) a ‘S) a ° | ro) a 3 a 
“Sinetesu Si = eae s | 
| i 
19 599 3°33 (105 20 20°03 5-00 ae s. {105 °26) 28°38 
1 


In order to find out whether previous mode of life (especially with reference 
to abstinence from alcohol, and the use and abuse of that stimulant) had any 
influence on the admissions into hospital and mortality among the portion of the 
regiment employed in Pérak, I took some trouble to ensure the following 
Tables being as accurate as possible, from 4th December, 1875, to 10th 
March, 1876. ; 

The detachment at Malacca is not included. 


Tanne T.—Streneth of Total Abstainers, Temperate and Intemperate Men of the 
Buffs in Pérak. 


Total Ab- Withdrew |Became T oti Men of Men who 
stainers pre- | Pledges pre- | Abstainers | known In- | continued to| Temperate 
yious to leay- jvious to leay- | after leaving! temperate be Total Men. 
ing Calcutta. ing Caleutta.| Caleutta. | Habits. Abstainers. 
AA | 23 2 | 61 21 29-4 


| | | 


TaBiE IJ.—Admissions to Hospital and Mortality among the yarious classes whose 
strength is given in Table I. 
ee SSE RSS ER SEERA 


Dysentery 
Feyers. and Other | Wounds.| Total. 
Diarrhoea,| Diseases. 
a a eS : | rl 
Classes. ire g J | = 
4j)Al/4/Alalajai;Aalsifa 
ithe | 
Total abstainers a wes (SPAS es a es LO: |e Bit 
Withdrew plecges a pill coral ade Sh can ieee hits co a 
Intemyerate hebits ae ti 10. $ 5 a} 2 F Sie bak 07 1 
Since become abstaincrs ibemay, Wetec xcta PR atetnlt sac wail bers waits. 
Temperate Ae on i aiheud 1 | 36 By eld 2 1 TPN at s57 a Is ce) 
Total oo | 24 1}. 52. 8 | 16 3 1 Ly S3aets 


Statistics of 
Laroot Field 
Force. 


3-5th Royal 
Artillery. 


Headquarters, 
the Bulls. 


Malacca de- 
tachment, 
the Buffs. 


Naval 


| Brigade. 


282 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


Tasre III.—Ratio of Admissions and Mortality among thé various classes to 
strength per thousand. 


| Dysentery Other 
Feyers. and Diseases Wounds. Total. 
Diarrhea 
Classes. pe ei = ro 3 

® = 2 = a 

| . a 4 4 a oy : 

Blg/ 8) 218/218 131898 

<q i=) < A < [= <4 A < A 
Total abstainers ... 23 +. /142 B85)... 285 *71) 95 +23 47°61] wed see 1476717) 95°23 
Since become abstainers Rt teks see, sae Ceri n| ibecre mae nal citi nay aes 
Withdrew pledges aa waa] 86 OOP ican 1207 “8OF) i},0 RIOD) AS48762, «2 (881°29| 43°47 
Intemperate habits net at LOBOS}. oan 81 *26) 16°39 | 32°78] .... eae we» |278°67| 16°89 
Temperate ... sea as +»-| 30°61} 3°40. |122-44) 17-00 | 87°07 | 6°89} 3°40} 3°40 193 -52| 30°60 

- = ; ie — — = | 
a 


According to the above tables, the total abstainers gave the greatest amount 
of sickness and mortality. Next come the men who withdrew their pledges. 
The men of intemperate habits give the lowest mortality, and come between 
the temperate men and the men who withdrew pledges as regards admissions 
into hospital. The men who became abstainers after leaving Calcutta give 
neither admissions nor deaths, but the number'is too few to count for much, 

The lesson to be learned from the above tables is, that on the whole, the 
temperate man has the hest of it, 


Having completed the medical transactions of the Buffs, I shall now give a 
concise summary of the medical statistics of the “Laroot Field Force” during 
the operations in Pérak, from the 4th December, 1875, to the 10th March, 1876. 
As no information was obtained about the left half Battery, 8rd Battery, 5th 
Brigade, Royal Artillery, it is not included. 

The average strength of the head quarters and right half Battery, 8rd 
Battery, 5th Brigade, Royal Artillery, was 33. Out of this number there were 
18 admissions into hospital, being in the ratio of 893-98 per thousand. The 
admissions were caused chiefly by dysentery and diarrhoea, much of the*same 
type as existed among the Buffs. 

There was no mortality. nar 

The head quarters and four companies of the Buffs stationed in Pérak, 
numbering 401, gave 93 admissions into hospital, being in the ratio of 231:90 
per thousand, and 13 deaths, being’in the ratio of 84°41 per thousand. The 
admissions were caused chiefly by fever, dysentery, and diarrhoea, the pecu- 
liarities of which have already been described. 

Two companies of the Buffs, quartered at Malacca, having an average 
strength of 198, gave 27 admissions to hospitals, being in the ratio of 18636 
per thousand. "| 

Fevers gave the greatest number of admissions, but, strictly speaking, there 
were no prevailing diseases. 

There was no mortality. 

. The detachment at Malacca was as healthy as it would have been in any 
other part of the Britisl: possessions, 

The Nayal Brigade, with an average strength of 44, gave nine admissions 
into hospital between the 4th December, 1875, and the llth F ebruary, 1876, 
being in the ratio of 204°31 per thousand for the period. The blue jackets 
suffered chiefly from dysentery and diarrhoea, and three of them were inyalided 
and sent to their ship. ; 

There were two deaths; one from spear wounds in the abdomen, the other 
killed in action at Kota Lama, the cause¢ of death being a spear wound through 
the chest. The ratio of deaths per thousand was 45:45. : 

The Madras Sappers and Miners having a strength of 119 gave 94 admissions 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FoR 1876. 283 


into hospitel, being in the ratio of 789-91 per thousand. The admissions were, 
chiefly caused by malarious fevers and dysentery. 

They had no deaths. 

The Ist Goorkha Light Infantry, out of an average-strength of 450, gave 1.4 Goorkha 
192 admissions into hospital, being in the ratio of 417°39 per thousand. The Lioht In- 
admissions were chiefly caused by fevers and dysentery.’ 

At Sungie Ujong the health was very good, and sickness only increased 
after the arrival of the regiment at Qualla Kangsa, on the 26th of January, 
when the men were a good deal nore exposed on fatigue and night duties. 

There were five deaths ; two from dysentery, two from gun-shot wounds 
and one from spear wound, being in the ratio of 10°88 per thousand. 

The following tables will show the comparative amount of sickness and 
mortality :— 


fantry. 


Tazsrz I.—Admissions into Hospital and Mortality among the Corps forming the 
Laroot Field Force, from 4th December, 1875, to 10th March, 1876. 


patentery Other 
| Fevers Denese Diseases, | Wounds. |Killed.| Total. 
Corps. 4 ae oa : ee 
= a. Ss 3 3 5 5 3 
Sie alata | aa Meecsl acs 2 SP i fiees 
I a eis a 3} ‘S a 
Glin 2) se 2) 2 | 2 | S| sist | &] 
DR < QA} a a < =) < a ct < A. 
} 
3-5th Royal Artillery... .-...| 33 2 7 fee": aA 13 | 
( Head Quarters the Buffs ....) 401 | 24 i 32 8*| 16 3 1 i 93 | 13 
7 Detachment Malacca «| 193 7 1 19 a6 oe 27 
Naval Brigade... ase sae ae ay 7 1 1 1 1 9 2 
Madras Sappers... hen asate BLO) fs. (28 42 eae (28 BS aac 94 
Ist Goorkha Light Infantry ...| 460 | 61 ae 58 Zo GG.) Saas 5 3 192 5 
Total vs 255 117 1 | 167 | 10 | 136 | 3 8 5 1 | 428 | 20 


* Includes one death on board ship aftcr leaving Pérak. 
+ From 4th December, 1875, to 11th February, 1876. 


' 


anin I1.—Ratio of Admissions to Hospital and Mortality per thousand among the 
Corps forming the Laroot Field Force, from 4th December, 1875, to 10 March, 
1876. 


Dysentery - 
Fevers. eee ae Wounds. } Total. 
Killed 
Corps. ; £ re : in 2 
. a| 3 3 z 3 actin! S| 
B S ia c; oer a a . ae f= 
ea anh as |) eel et eae OG 42/aA 
| 

3-5th Royal Artillery ...| 33 | 60-60}... [213°33) ... [121-21) |. |] wu. |e (895-14) 
{een si the } [401] 59-85} 2-49)129 67)19 954] 80-90) 7-48] 2-49] 2-49]... |281-91/82-41 
Detachment* Malacea |198 | 35°35 ... | 5-05)... | 95-95) 0]... |... | ce (186°85] ... 
‘Naval Brigadet... ...| 44]... |... |159°09| ... | 22-72] 12. | 2272/0072! 22 ‘7ele04-53l45 “44 
Madras Sappers ... THES LOO A2Mi” sao |SOZ94)* wee) 1280°29) 4. [> SAO. 178990]... 
ee Light aie 460°|132-82| ... |124-56| 4°34 |147-82... | 10-86} 6-52]... |416-06)10-86 


* Includes one death on board ship after leaving Perak, 
{ From 4th December, 1875, to 10th March, 1876. 


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284 


285 © 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 


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286 


i 


287 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 


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ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 


288 


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APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 289 


As the accommodation for sick in the station hospital at Penang was limited, 
and preparation had not been made for an influx of sick from Pérak, the 
propriety of utilizing the ‘“ Czarewitch ” as a hospital ship at the mouth of the 
Laroot river was taken into consideration, and at the request of Brigadier- 
General Ross I submitted the following suggestions :— 


{ Qualla Kangsa, 5th February, 1876. 

1, The part of the ship between decks in front of the main hatch should be 
set apart for a hospital. 

2, The whole of this space should be cleared of all bulkheads and other 
obstruction of a temporary nature, 

3. Cots should be slung fore and aft at a height of about three feet from the 
deck, and there should be an allowance of 150 superficial feet to each cot. 

4, The ventilation should be as complete as possible by means of shafts, 
windsails, scuttles, and hatches with extra apertures if necessary. 

5. Two waterclosets should be constructed for dysenteric cases,—one on 
each side of the ship. __ 

6. A space should be set apart under the awning on the deck, and arranged 
so that cots could be slung when deemed necessary by the medical officer. 

7. A space should be set apart for the kits and clothes of the sick, which 
could be kept clean and readily fumigated. 

8. A space should be set apart for a laundry. 

9. A space should be set apart for cooking and the utensils in ordinary use 
in India should be employed. 

10, A contrivance should be arranged for raising and lowering sick from the 
main to the spar deck, and vice versd, when necessary. 

11. Fumigation and lime washing between decks should be frequent, and 
great cleanliness enjoined. 

12. Distilled water only should be used for cooking and drinking purposes, 
the condensing apparatus should therefore be in good order. 

13. The Commissariat Department. should be prepared to supply on board 
the “ Czarewitch ” carbolic acid, Condy’s fluid, and lime. 

Hospital bedding and clothing for 20 patients, and the following provisions $ 

Bread, mutton, fowls, eggs, milk (fresh or preserved), butter (if procurable), 
potatoes, vegetables, barley, rice, sago, arrowroot, flour, essence of beef, tea, 
sugar, salt, port wine, brandy, sherry, bottled porter and lime juice. 

14, The following hospital establishment will be necessary :—1 medical 
officer ; 1 subordinate medical officer ; 2 European orderlies ; 1 compounder ; 
2 ward coolies ; 2 cooks ; 1 water carrier ; 2 sweepers, 

15. Purveyor’s establishment should be proportionately arranged by the 
commissariat officer. 

16. Land transport should be arranged so that at least six sick could be 
carried to the landing place weekly. 

17. All arrangements should be complete, and establishments in place before 
any sick are sent on board. 

(Signed) G. S. Davis, M.D., Surgeon-Major, 
Senior Medical Officer, Laroot Field Foree. 


Nore.—Owing to the uncertainty of the movements of the force and other 
causes, the “ Czarewitch”’ was not utilized as a hospital ship, and sickness haying 
abated, it was not necessary to forward more sick to Penang. : 


The following suggestions to aid the Buffs in preserving. their health were 
published in regimental orders, on board the ‘‘ Arabia,” on the 23rd November, 
1875 :— 

1. Drink some tea or coffee and eat a bit of biscuit the first thing in the 
morning. Fill your water bottles with cold tea. : 


290 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


2. Drink only such water as is issued. Carefully abstain from well or poud? 
water casually met with. Asa rule stagnant and muddy water is bad. 

3. Eat only ripe fresh fruits well known to be wholesome in India, and such» 
as you have been accustomed to. | 

4, Stimulants should not be taken till the fatigue of the day is over, and 
should be diluted with hot or cold tea. Half an hour before the rum issue a 
dose of quinine should be taken, and arrangements will be made for a quinine 
issue. 

5. When dry clean straw is available, sleep on it in preference to sleeping” 
on the ground. 

6. After exertion take the earliest opportunity of changing shirts'and socks, 
at the same time washing the body or dry rubbing it, by so doing you will 
prevent a chill. Chills ave very dangerous and to be earefully guarded against.. 

hould no opportunity offer for changing the clothes, the great-coat should be 
thrown over the shoulders, so as to let the body cool gradually. 

7. A clean skin is very conducive to health, and every opportunity for 
bathing parades should be taken advantage of, 

8. Blistered feet are to a great extent prevented by. soaping or oiling the feet 
well before starting on a march. 

9. It is of the greatest importance to be able to sleep under cover at night, 
and in the absence of tents or other shelter, waterproof sheets may be utilized: 
in a variety of ways, so as to protect from dew and emanation from the ground. 

10. Cholera belts should be constantly worn and ‘changed when the shirts. 
are changed, : 

11. If there is no opportunity of -washing shirts, cholera belts, and soclks,. 
they should be well dried in the sun, beaten with a stick, and then shaken. 

12. Should the feet get wet, the earliest opportunity should be taken to 
change the socks, and foot-sore men should report themselves as soon after a. 
march as possible. 

13. If you feel out of sorts, and especially if you have any bowel complaint, 
report sick at once, as by doing this, you will have a good chance of not being, 
detained in hospital for treatment. 

(Signed) G. 8S. Davin, M.D., Surgeon-Maj>r, 
in Medical charge, the Buff... 


Surgeon-Major W. Collis, the Buffs, ha desired me to append the following :—- 


Rules for Medical Officers accompanying the Perak Field Force. 
1. Each medical officer will carefully look after the health and comfort of 
the men in his charge, and at once report any unusual occurrence to the princi pak 
medical officer. 


2. Medical officers on detached duty will particularly look after arrange- = 


ment of the camps, the source and purity of the water, the supply to the: 
troops, the ventilation of the tent, the cleanliness of the men, and the general: 
conservancy arrangements of the camp. 

3. At regular intervals on the line of march, and always before going into- 
action, medical officers will muster their doolie bearers, and register the names 
of the men appointed to each doolie. They will be good enough to instruct 
these men as to the duties they are expected to perform. One bheestie will 
accompany the medical officers, while the others keep their places in the- 
column. 

- 4, On the line of march, or previous to going into action, if the medical 
officer finds any deficiency in the medical comforts, surgical instruments, or 
hospital necessaries, he will at once report. the matter to the “ Principal Medical 
Officer,” and at the same time send an indent for these articles necessary to- 
complete his equipment. 

5. In sending a patient to the rear or next hospital, the medical officer will 
send with the wounded or sick men a brief account of the nature of the wound, 
injury or disease, and the treatment he has adopted. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 29F 


‘The accompanying form to be used :-— 


Name 


Wound, Injury, or 
Disease. 


Regiment. Treatment. 


{ Bullet extracted. 


Gun-shot Wound of Bandage. 


supe peer tear Hemorrhage; nil. 


| Stimulantsadministered. 


Nowrn.—The object of this is obvious. The second medical officer at once sees the 
opinion of the officer who first saw and examined the man, and knows what has beer 
done and what further ought to be attempted. 


6. On the order of the “ Principal Medical Officer,” quinine will be served 
out daily at sunset to the troops under the superintendence of the medical 
officers, This may be given either in lime juice or in rum according to cireum-- - 
stances, 

Rules are separately supplied to the force, and medical officers will exercise 
a general supervision, and instruct the men under their charge as to the proper 

~carryimg out of these instructions, 
(Signed) W. Counts, Surgeon-Major, the Buffs. 
DP. M. O., Laroot Field Force... 
Head Quarters, Camp, Qualla Kangsa, 
December, 1875. 


Draft of Rules for Men to observe while employed in Camp or Field. 


“Ist. All diseases or affections, no matter how trivial, must be at once 
reported to the officer in medical charge of the column or detachment. These 
affections, although, in themselves, possibly trivial or apparently mild, in a 
tropical climate, if not at once attended to, may become serious. 

2nd. It is of the utmost importance for the health of the troops that no mam 
should sleep on the ground. Any one by placing wood or other materials- 
under his bed or hammock can ensure a full current of air beneath his body. 

3rd. Dysentery and other diseases are constantly produced in hot climates 
by the practice of men sleeping in wet clothes or exposing themselves to- 
draughts of air while sweating ; consequently soldiers are strictly cautioned 
against exposing themselves at night. 

4th. Unless actually necessary, soldiers should not sleep outside their huts 
or tents. ——— oe 

5th. It being generally the opinion in India that drinking water, unless 
pure, is a common Cause of disease, soldiers are particularly cautioned against: 
using, under any circumstances, any water other than that which is provided 
for them. For the same reason, food, especially pork, other than that provided: 
in their rations, should not be eaten. 

This rule aiso applies most strictly to fruits, or any berry or root, which in 
most instances are poisonous, that may be met with on the line of march. 

.A common cause of men falling out on the line of march has, in every’ 
campaign, been owing to sore feet caused by a hard-pressing shoe. This may be 
entirely prevented by the following simple plan :—Before commencing the 
march, rub freely the inside of the boot with fat or oil and then put it on, now 
rub well the outside of the boot also. 


Concluding 
remarks, 


292 . .ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


This not only prevents foot soreness, but in cold weather keeps the feet 
warm, 

If the boots get wet, never dry them ate fire or in the sun, but stuff them 
with dry grass and let them dry gradually, then rub well with oil or fat. 

6th. For the maintenance of good health, it is absolutely necessary that the 
skin of the body should be kept clean. 

This can be easily accomplished by bathing if a sufficient quantity of water 
can be obtained, and if not, by simple dry rubbing. 

7th. If possible, the same shirt or clothes which were worn during the day 
should not be slept in atnight. In India and malarious climates it is considered 
that fever may be prevented or cut short by a daily dose of quinine, This will 
he attended to by the officers in medical charge, but soldiers should see that 
they get their supply. ; : 

8th. It has been proved beyond doubt that those soldiers who, in any 


_ campaign, are most abstemious as to spirituous liquor, enjoy the best of 


health. As a daily ration of rum sufficient will _be served out, soldiers are 
particularly cautioned against using or partaking of ‘any country liquor as they 
go along, and most particularly as in many instances this has found to be 
purposely poisoned. 
(Signed) W. Cots, Surgeon-Major, the Buffs, 
: P.M. O., Laroot Field Force. 
Head Quarters, Camp, Qualla Kangsa, . 
December, 1875. 


In concluding this report, I may state that the number of medical subor- 
dinates attached to the force was quite equal to all the duties required. 

With the exception of the cooks, the native hospital esta)lishment was quite 
sufficient, There should have been at least four cooks, 

The number of medical officers was as limited as it could well be, and as 
three out of five were on detached duty and one invalided, there was very little 
margin left ‘for sickness ; fortunately the medical officers were healthy, and 
performed all the duties required of them, but there should have been two 
additional surgeons with the European portion of the force. 

(Signed) G. 8. Daviz, M.D., Surgeon-Major. A.M.D., 
Cawnpore, 23rd May, 1876. S. M. O., Laroot Field Force. 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FoR 1876. 293 


4 


APPENDIX No. IX. 


BHAMO TO MANWYNE. 


By W. J. Cuartron, Surgeon, A.M.D. 


In giving a short description of the country, its people, and productions, 
through which we marched, I will first begin with Bhamo, as it was here we 
disembarked on the 3rd of May, to begin our march to Manwyne in Yunan. 

Bhamo isa wretched squalid village, lying along the left bank of the Irra- 
waddy 1,000 miles from its mouth and 500 feet above sea level, composed of two 
parallel rows of erable bamboo houses with a partially ill-paved brick 
street, about one mile in length, running between them. A spiked bamboo 
stockade surrounds it, and at either end of the street is a large gate, which is 
closed every evening at dusk, ‘and is not opened till daylight next morning, 

These defences are necessary protections against raids from tigers, cheetahs, 
and leopards which are said to infect the neighbourhood, but especially against 
the wild men—Kakhyans—who inhabit the mountains called by the same 
name, which run north and south close to Bhamo aid form the natural barrier 
between Burma and China. 

Outside the northern gate lies the ‘“‘ Presidency,” fenced round with a 
stockade and guarded by a force of 20 Sikhs. Here itis that the British official 
lives. Immediately outside his domicile area few huts that the Kakhyans 
occupy temporarily when they descend to Bhamo, from their mountain homes, 
for commercial purposes. ‘The Bhamoites regard them with so much dread 
rue they will not allow them to remain inside the town after the shutting of 
the gates. 

The population is a mixed one, of Burmans, Chinese, and Shans; the 
Burmans and Shans occupying one end, and the Chinese the other end of the 
town. They are governed by a Burma official, styled a ‘“ Woondouk,” who is 
responsible for the correct administration of the place to the Court of 
Mandalay. 

This official is, like all other native officials in Upper Burmah, a thorough 
despot, and, with a due regard to his own interests, “squeezes” every individual 
under his jurisdiction whom he thinks able to pay up. This epithet 
“squeezing”? must not be accepted in its literal sense, it isa term used in 
Burmah, and I dare say in many other places, to denote the moral pressure 
brought to bear on the people by native officials. 

With such an administrator as this it is not to be wondered at that the people 
are wretchedly poor, the land uncultivated, and no spirit of enterprise shown. 

This applies, I understand, to all Upper Burmah—corruption reigns through- 
out the land from the King down to the lowest Tsilkay (magistrate), each 
official doing his utmost to enrich himself while his term of office lasts, 

Merely the skeleton of a former trade exists ; what little is done, is done 
by the Chinese who export bales of raw cotton, which comes up from Mandalay, 
across the mountains on mules to Yunan ; worked cottons, silks, and hardware 
are also sent, but raw cotton is the main export. 

From 20 or 25 years ago, it is said that a trade of 500,000/. annually was 
done between Bhamo and China, now I suppose it does not reach 10,0000., 
and as Yunan has been almost depopulated by the late Panthay rebellion, 
the prospect of England, and especially Manchester, establishing a productive 
trade route in this direction, at present does not look bright. 

In future years, if a population springs up in Yunan, the idea may be 


‘ 


294 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


entertained with good prospects of success, as this province, as well as Upper- 
Burmah, are known to be rich in mineral wealth. 

‘The ‘country around Bhamo and up to the base of the Kakhyan hills, is: 
undulating and thickly covered with low jungle wood, tall grass, and forest 
trees. No cultivation is seen, except small patches of rice and tobacco, around~ 
Bhamo and a few other villages, and none is grown save what is absolutely 
necessary for the people’s own individual wants. 

Our march from Bham» to the Sekawat base of hills lay along a narrow path 
in this jungle, part of the way running parallel to the T'apeng, a river which 
flows down from the Kakhyan mountaius and empties itself into the Irrawaddy, 
three miles above Bhamo. On two occasions we crossed it on bridges of boats,. 
each crossing causing a good deal of delay. The distance to Sekaw is about 20° 
miles, but two marches were made of it, the first being to Halone, an inter- 
mediate village on right bank of Tapeng ; this place and Sekaw have a mixed. 
population like Bhamo, occupying separate portions of the villages, and like 
it and for similar reasons have stockades and gates. A magistrate (tsilkay) 
resides in each, who is subordinate to the- Woondouk of Bhamo. ‘The country 
around Tekaw is much more open than around Bhamo, it hasa rich alluvial soil, 
seemingly the deposit of centuries, carried down by the Tapeng; luxuriant 
grass and rice crops flourish in this limited area, and the cattle seemed fat and 
well favoured, giving excellent milk ; tigers, cheetahs, and leopards, as well as 
peafowl and small deer (derai), were said by the natives to abound. 

Many of the officers went out shooting, and bagged snipe, wild duck, and 
two or three varieties of teal. ; 

The on who live here are all engaged in trade, selling pork, salted 
fish, and salt. The latter commodity is a very precious article in the estima— 
tion of the Kakhyans who buy large quantities of it. I believe there is nothing 
they appreciate so much. 

From Sekaw our march lay through the mountains to Manwyne These 
mountains are an off-shoot or spur of the Himalayas running directly 
north and south, and forming, as I previously said, the natural barrier 
between Burmah and China, though, to speak more correctly, the boundary 
is at the “Nam Poung Choung,” nearly 20 miles inwards in the. hills: 
from Sekaw. ‘They are mostly composed of limestone and «granite, out 
of which flows water as sparkling as crystal and refreshingly cool. 
From base to summit they are in most imstanees covered with fine, tall, 
straight trees of various kinds, the chief being pines. Crowds of beautiful 
orchids are seen clustered along trunk and branches. A good deal of under- 
growth is interpersed. The highest point crossed’ was Pey-see-Toh (White 
Stone) 5,400 feet above sea level, and here white raspbefries, blackberries, 
white camelias, and the dog-rose flourished in abundance. There are four 
different paths leading from Bhamo across these mountains into Yunan. Each 
one is a rugged steep and rocky truck, along which men and mules are obliged 
to go im single file, although the mules usually carry from 175 lbs. to 200 Ibs. 
in weight, nevertheless they ascend these difficult paths better than men, 
cer tainly far better than British soldiers and sepoys, perhaps not better than 
the Kakhyans. During the wet season these paths become small mountain 
streams most difficult to cr ‘O88. The Kakhyans, or, as the people of the plains. 
call them;the “ wild men,” who inhabit these mountains, are a peculiar and 
interesting race of people, whose real history is, I believe, not known, but they 
are supposed not to have inhabited these mountains long, and to have: migrated 
from the north towards 'Thibet. They are but few, leading a gregarious life, 
having their villages sparsely scattered through the mountains. A person 
may travel many miles and not meet one. The village system is, no doubt, 
adopted for its greater safety, and for their mutual protection, as, being by 
nature robbers and plunderers, their hands are against every man, and every 
man’s hand against theirs. 

In appearance they are somewhat taller than the Burmese, square, thick- 
set and muscular, copper-coloured, with Mongolian features, long black hair 
twisted into a lump on top of head, and fastened with a turban. No trace of 
tatooing or semblance of pig-tail, though having the Chinese bordering them 
closely on one side and the Burmese on the other. They are pleasing and 


jovial, inquisitive, independent, impulsive, superstitious, and remarkably dirty, — 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 295 


so much so that it is said they never wash, and once they put ona suit of 
clothing, they let it find its own wayoff. The men’s dress consists of a loose 
blue calico coat ornamented with cowries; a few distinguished individuals 
wear on the breast a Victoria Cross in the shape of a portion of tiger’s jaw 
with a few teeth in; this has been gained by the individual himself in some 
deadly contest, and he naturally wears it with pride as bearing testimony to 
his pluck and valour, A-loose blue calico trowser is worn as far as the knee, 
and some wear on lower part of leg a calico gaiter. Just beneath the knee they 
wear several rings of hempen cord; for what purpose it is intended Ido not 
know, unless it be for ornament. . 

Every mau is armed to the teeth with a dak slung over tho shoulder, a 
flint musket of the rudest construction, a powder-horn, and a spear. Beyond 
his village no Kakhyan moves unless armed, and in this manner they always: 
go down to the plains when business brings them. Even to market he goes 
thus aecoutred. 

The women are, if anything, wilder-looking in expression than the men, and 
also wear blue calico cloth for their apparel. which consists of a neat 
jacket with short sleeves, adorned with red ribbon and 4-anna pieces ; a loose 
skirt, embroidered at the bottom with silk; and around the waist and leg 
several coils of hempen cord. The married women wear a head-dress con- 
sisting of several folds of blue cloth neatly wound round and round in the shape 
of an inverted cone, from 1 foot to 1} feet in height. On the top of this are 
several ornamental discs of silver. 

The unmarried go bareheaded, having their frunt-hair cut straight across. 
the forehead after the fashion seen sometimes among English girls; the back- 
hair is also cut short. As a rule, they are exceedingly ugly, though they have 
been described as beautiful; they in no way captivated the admiration of 
Tommy Atkins, who I positively heard ridiculing their good looks to a brother 
comrade. Both married and unmarried wear in their ears a small cylinder of 
silver, about 2 inches in length, with a broad piece of red tape hanging from 
the anterior end down to the shoulder. Though light copper-colour in com- 
plexion, still a rosy hue of health is discernible. ; 

The sites for their villages are generally well chosen, being some well-cleared 
grassy spot amid the mountains, with sloping sides to carry down all water 
and refuse, so that the ground around is always quite dry and clean. In 
all cases sparkling streams of cool water flow close by. 

Each house is a substantial, long building, from 60 to 70 feet in length, by 
about 25 to 30 in breadth, lofty, and raised 3 or 4 feet abo: e the ground, built of 
strong posts, with enormously thick thatch of rice straw. There is but one 
entrance, which is at end of the house. _Here the roof projects about 12 or 15 
feet, and is supported by massive wooden pillars, on which are nailed for 
ornament or otherwise the heads and horns of deer and buffalo—a standing 
testimony to their skill with gun and cross-bow. 

Generally may be seen under this portico nearly all the household squatted 
and in conversation, the women spinning yarn (coloured). Each house is 
divided into several compartments, holding many families. The only cultiva- 
tion to be seen is rice on the hill sides. In the village may be seen buffaloes 
pigs, ducks, geese, and chickens. 

Unfortunately for themselves they are a notoriously drunken race, con- 
suming large quantities of Samshu, a clear and very intoxicating spirit, 
which they distil from rice. Like all savages they are very superstitious, 
believing in nats (demons). In every village may be seen numerous bamboo 
posts with several wicker baskets attached to them. In these are placed the 
fowls, rice, and other offerings which are given to-propitiate the nats. No 
pagoda or trace of the Buddhist religion is seen once the plains are left. They 
have a custom that all riders shall dismount on entering a village, and not 
mount again till he has passed through. It was requested that we would 
conform to this, but such we did not do, as, however inclined we might be to 
be courteous, still we knew that the experience of former expeditions was loss 
of power by deferring in any way to these people, who in their ignorance 
ascribed all deference to weakness and cowardice. ‘T'sanbwas (chiefs) rule 
over certain portions of these mountains, and derive an income from dues 
levied on all merchandise passing through their territory ; where they think it 


2.96 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


is possible to get it they exact black mail. They make their bargains before- 
hand, and one of these worthies tried to do so with us, but was informed that 
if he got anything it would not be till we had returned to Bhamo, and then it 
depended on the treatment we had received in passing through. 

Robbery is very common, but fortunately for us we lost nothiag of the large 
amount of Government stores, &c., we had with us. This may be attributed 
to the careful arrangements made by the Commanding Officer for the protec- 
tion of the convoy; also to the fact that everything was done by us in an 
authoritative manner, which inspired the Kakhyans with a wholesome dread 
of us, as they saw plainly we would not tolerate any nonsense. Although they 
had never seen British troops before, still it was manifest by their behaviour 
that they had a healthy dread and respect for them. Why such should be the 
case it is difficult to say, but it may be perhaps that they have heard the 
Chinese and Burmese speak with respect (stc) of the “ Foreign Devils.” 

From these mountain toils and pleasures we descended to Manwyne, the 
frontier Chinese Shan town. It is a wretched village (although Col. Sloden 
writes about the city walls), built of mud-brick houses, situated between two 
ranges of the mountains on a fertile plain 70 miles in length, beginning at 
Momein, and having a breadth of 3 to 4 miles. The Tapeng is to be seen 
meandering through it. Elevation is about 3,400 ft. above sea level. The 
population is mostly Shan, who appear to be an industrious set of people, culti- 
vating neat vegetable gardens and fields of rice, and breeding cattle, pigs, and 
poultry. The head official is an old widow of 70 years, who has occupied her 
present proud position since the death of her husband a few years back. Some 
of the officers thought they would pay her a visit, and, in conformity with the 
etiquette of the Manwyne Court, sent an intimation to this effect. The old 
lady sent back her best salaam to say she would be very glad to see them, and 
at the appointed hour they called at the palace, which is very little better 
than any other house in the place. ‘They were ushered into a small verandah 
and accommodated with chairs, when presently the old lady made her 


appearance, attended by four hideous Shan maids of honour ; she bowed to all, . 


and sat down. Cups of tea, without milk or sugar, together with plantains, 
were passed round ; then began a desultory conversation through the medium 
of an interpreter, the maids of honour and courtiers standing around with 
open mouths and gaping eyes. ‘The old lady was perfectly reticent as to the 
object that brought us to Manwyne, never for a second alluding to it. 

The day we marched in here the whole population—men, women, and 
children—turned out en masse to see us, and evinced the keenest curiosity in 
scrutinizing us and our property. They were, I understand. exceedingly 
struck with the coincidence of the Grosvenor party coming all the way from 
Pekin, and the escort from an opposite country and direction, and meeting 
within a day of each other in Manwyne. ‘This fact utterly puzzled them, and 
at once taught them that we are a people who work under a great organisation, 
and that they are not beyond our reach should circumstances ever arise to 
require our presence. 


Though no one was punished for poor Margary’s murder, still our presence 


at Manwyne will, I dare say, have a healthy effect for some years at least. 
Locked in as they are in their mountain homes, they probably imagined that 
they were inaccessible to the “ Foreign Devils”; now they have learned a 
different lesson, and I hope it may be for their future welfare. The costumes 
of both men and women are almost identical with that of the Kakhyans. In 
every particular, save that of language, there is much similarity between these 
two people. 
Market days are held regularly, when large numbers of Shans, Chinese, 
-and Kakhyans may be seen buying and selling. 

_ All money transactions are effected in the copper coin of China, called 
“change,” of which between 400 or 500 go to the rupee. These coins are 
sone strung on cord, and in this fashion are carried about in the 
hand. 

Among the commodities I saw exhibited for sale were pork, geese, ducks, 
-chickens, snails just fresh from the streams, rice, grain, dried figs, raspberries, 
camelias (with which the ladies adorn their hair), cottons, silk, cutlery, matches, 
powder-horns, flint-guns and daks, 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 297 


The powder is of their own manufacture, and necessarily of a vile descrip- 
tion. Nothing a Kakhyan appreciates so much, except perhaps a bottle, as 
some good Knglish powder. In exchange for empty bottles the men 
bought plenty of fowls and eggs,and in one instance, I am informed, went 
so far as to eat 48 of the latter. 

he province is rich in minerals; so much so that in the bazaars may be 
seen gold, silver, copper, tin, antimony, jade, and amber. 

Our presence caused everything to rise considerably in price, as is generally 
the case where Englishmen go. Every one was anxious to bring away some 
memento of the place, whether it was dak, spear, powder-horn, pipe, or ladies’ 
ear ornaments. 

On this account our presence seemed to be appreciated, as they reaped a 
good harvest by us, which is, I presume, an uncommon thing in Manwyne ; 
still there seemed to be a certain uneasiness among them with regard to us, 
not correctly understanding our notions or intentions, and no doubt a sigh of 
relief was given as they saw the last of our heels. 

Our Commanding Officer treated them, on one of the days we spent 
there, to a display of military manoeuvres, and if one is to judge by the 
astonishment depicted on the countenances of the multitude at each action 
of the troops, I should say they thought us greater foreign devils than 
ever. Strolling one market day through the bazaars, I saw a son of Esculapius 
practising his profession in the following fashion. First I must mention he 
was a young Shan of about twenty-five years of age, a shrewd cunning looking 
fellow: well, this medico stood in a prominent place in the market, having 
beside him a looking-glass and box of therapeutics. Several people consulted 
him, and the examination of every individual took the same form ; first he or 
she was obliged to lock into the glass while Dr. Shan pulled down the lower 
eyelid to let them see where part of the seeds of disease lay, then with a small 
rule he measured the length of each finger, also length and breadth of the palm, 
all this being done with an air and manner indicative of profound knowledge. 
By this examination the disease was diagnosed, and the patient received some 
nostrum from the infallible box, Dr. Shan receiving in turn so many change. 

While on this subject, Imay mention that the chief diseases of the place are 
small-pox—nearly a third of the people seem pitted—itch, scrofula, goitre, ague. 

I saw several large goitres, but have been informed by the Grosvenor party 
that about Manwyne it does not.seem to be nigh so prevalent as further on in 
the province towards Moneim and Talipoo ; they neither saw nor heard of cretins. 
The goitre is no doubt due to the hard water coming through the limestone 
and granite which abound in the mountains. As soon as the people knew that 
I was a medical man, many of therm came to consult me for scrofulous 
ophthalmia, and dyspepsia due to opium cating and smoking. 

After a rest of three days in Manwyne, we gladly commenced our return 
journey, passing by the hot spring, in some rice-fields, where poor Margary was 
murdered, also the Banyan tree on which his head was exposed to the vulgar 
gaze. 


(Signed) W. J. CHARLTON, Surgeon, A.M.D. 


oli 


298 ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. . 


#: 


APPENDIX 
Annual Abstract of Meteorological Observations 


- GuBasrran, ; Lat. 36° 6” N. 


: is Relative 
Air Temperature. - Humidity. 
= ; Rane | 
$ Hourl Daily ; . a 3 Minimum, 
S Seed Meaus. | Means of. Abs. Min. | Abs. Max. s 
Month. z 2 Sf 
= re ° 
5 FI i) 8 i Jen 8 cr 
5 a) Ss A x = Re (= = 2 s 
$ ar eal s a BI 5 FI Be S a] 
= Pais sal el gg lien Nam tee (r= Waa at ee hel fe re =F ey 
| es ZI. BS Y 
eae 5 Se A sey he | 
January ... —..| 30-145'| 52°9 A : - | 48°1.} 60:0 | 40:0 | 9th | 65:0 | 7th | -296 |. 74:3 | 36-0 5th 
February .. 30-150 | 57°35 eile «| 52-4 | 65-6 | 46-0 | 7th | 71-4 | 18th | -371 | 7965 57.6 | 10th 
March =F 30°051 | 59°3 |... |. - | 53°4 | 66°4 | 47-0 | 24th | 75°0 | Ist | -369 | 73-0 57'9 | 6th 
April eve 30°057 | 624) ... |... - | 55:9 | 70°2 | 47-0 66°4 | 39-5 | 15th q 
May re ZO OF: LOH Ga| reesei) sere |nean 72-0 | 54:5 | 26th 4 
June 5 30°039 | 70°1 cai hiane : 74°6 | 59:4 | 13th Z 
July cn «| 80°050 | 76°5 as 5 742 | 49-0 | 25th | 
August... vei, BO 007 1).48.°0 Prevail iss z 77:0 | 57:0. 
September... «| 80,026} 75:0 |... | .. F 76°0 | 50-5 
October ,.. +«| 29°951 | 671 a 3 79:0 | 60-0 
November ... «..{ 80°006 | 62°4 £5 ‘ 86:8 | 67:5 | 
December ... e.| 80°015 |-56°6 es 92-2 | 79-2 
Mean ... ves] BO "D995 C048 2 fi cre We 


I 
January ... wal O0°R79 | 57 "1 | oe 52°9 | GO'l | 44°8 | 2nd | 64°8 | 10th | -373 | 79°3 | 69-0 | 6th 
February ... --.| 80°080 | 58°0] ... : 53:2 | 62-1 | 47-8 | loth | 69°8 | 19th | *393 | 81+0 | 70-0 | 9th 
“March an nof 429912 6070.1 2.2 54°2 | 63°2 | 44°2 | 21st | 69-0] 25th 414 | 80-2 | 67-0 | 22nd 
April a «| 29941 | 63°6.}.... 57'S | 67-4 | 53-4 | 10th | 74°0 | 15th ‘490 | 83°8 | 68:2 | 25th 
May Hl 29°951 | 7O°L |... | wf... | 62°7 | 7491 | 57°01 2nd 82°0 | 14th “OGL | 76°1 | 48°2 | 14th 
June ve vee 2D°OTT | TBA | | a | ee | 664 | 76-6 | 61-4 | 4th |.83:0'] 24th | -625 | 76-6 | 6121! ooth 
July es «xy f'29°°9700)| 783. |\ ca} s+ | 717 | 82-2 | 69 0] 3rd | 88-0 | 25th | -726 | 74:6 57:2 | 9th 
August ... +] 20°988 | 81°5 | ... | 2. |... | 75°1 | 85°2 | 72-0 | 28th | 90-4 | 25th "802 | 74'8 | 59-2 | 15th 
September ,.. +{ 80°001 | 79°7 | 2. |... | «se | 73°38 | 83:0 | 68-8 | 16th | 91-0} Ith “T08T | 75°7 | 58-0 | 14th ; 
October _... +| 29°954 | 73°9 |... | 4. | | 67°5 | .76°5 | 60:0 | Bist |85:0] Ist “629 | 74°9 | 59-0 | 20th 
November... «| 29°950 | 64°4 | 2]... |p... | 58°8 | 67°51 54-0] Bra j 73°0 | 16th | -465 | 76°5 | 68-0 2nd 
December ... pou] ZO OGL | GO| ree «| «. | O72 | 66:0 | 48°8 } 29th | 140] 7th | *450 | 79-0 | 71-0 | 13th 
Mean ,.. _.;.| 297992] 645 seoif oss | 6251720 | 5678)... | 7827)... | “BSB | 77-7 [96370 | foe 


ScuraRi. Lat. 41° N. 
, Perse 
| 5 
January .. — ...| 30°320 | 87°8 |... |... |... | 83-1 | 448 | 23-0 | Ist | 62-0} eth | -191 84°6 | 66-0} 6th 
February ... _ «..| 30°026 | 43°9 |... | ... | ....] 87°6 | 51°6 | 29-2 | 22nd| 62-4} 7th | -234 | go+o 62-0} 6th 
‘March... 29°B82Z| 50°G |... | |... | 42°6 | 59-9 | 32°6 | oth | 75-4] 20th | -295 | 79-4 €0°5 | 27th 
April seen] 29°960 | 54-2 | 2 |. |. | 43-6 | 64-5 | 83-0 | 9th | 76°4] 18th | -335 | 73-4 54°4 | 21st 
May se see] 29014 | 63°6 J... | | | 514°] 75-8 | 40-3 | 22nd! 88-2 | 27th | -43T | 73-6 | 5] ‘0 | 27th 
June vt} 29°82G | 71°6 | 4. |... | .- | 608 | 82-4 | 54-8] 4th | 92-2 | Q8th | 564 | 72-4 | 45 “6 28th 
July vy eee] 29°83 | 7772 |. | os |... | 64°0 | 87-2 | 57-8 | -2nd| 94-2 | 20rh | +600 | 64-4 51-2 | 26th 
August... «| 29°853 | 7674]... |... |... | 63°7 | 87-4 | 54:7 | 21st | 94-5] 3ra | -691 68°6 | 52-0 | 18th 
September... ...] 29-911 | 73:4] ... |... |... | 60°9 | 84-7 | 48-7 | 28rd | 98-0 | 15th | «514 62°8 | 48-8 | 3rd 
‘October... ...| 307025 | 63-1 |... |... |... | 54:4] 71°35 | 45-3} Bra] 80-5] Ist “447 | 76:1 | 526 | 5th 
November... ...| 29942 | 48-2} ... |. |... | 42° | 55°5 | 29-0 | 12th | 75-51 ona] -280 83°4 | 61°0 | 18th | 
December... _...| 29921 | 50°3 vr | s+ | 4570 | 57-1 | 30-8 | 27th | 64-4] oth | -308 | 84-9 | 66-4 | 23rd 
Mean... ... 29947 | 59°2 | ... |... |... | 49-9 |68°5 | 39-9] ... | 80:3] |... | -ao2 757 | 56-0 


| onowow oS S. ae 
st 


| 
| 
| 
“moug | 
| 
| 


Bu  Reeses Ceara. ig Fie ates ase 
. : On aD ~ 50 aed ooo ioe) 2 tes 8 
[o> 3 z i ID & 0019 19 ao is g ROA SDIANCOOR 2 
: SS 
ford r| 2 
i 9 : | Fes anense nae cea beta Sima Nab ren ou: pone WPOeoxO¢ 
iS Ee ees OSCR Pere WGostyt| Veal IP ne Sime a rsa SHOONHOS 1A On InNHooHOAe | mH 
= 
[s) 
g = 1S _S19S08 ,9910 | 19 P19 B19 1H OGOHO 819 | O esowosooeonn |o 
+ 5 ot innaoo foun | a 
oO n a 
Us) 
. Wooo w =) 
S q if | Su oon ee eae et eee ie. PSS eos 
g @ SMEG Be To cee eae Oem pe | rippytcecemeta 
. A) ; i WMSOSHOHMOHOBDSO 10 
©O cel fc] Ono 19200 19100 :/0 SD ine eeyistene Soar es eee lae es! einer 
hm e n NON “HON HOO Oo = pica Tae 
co 2 +3 
a & ‘ osooesone ses |o On ae er rs pe pooe oe /o es POwBWOwWOwBOwOL |o 
7 co) = rOrNDADNSCNDONM |S @ titiito tHao io |] o PINCH OMANMOAA | oO 
Se NAao Se oo ® oO 
Pe s =| 9 = 
2) 3 2a) BOON NO)! ACIS IO TS .. SSNS oa re fe SASS SONOS a 
& g VA CaM oO o oon wo oe MOMIDQWISOCOMHOOS a OOM AWMEr- ODOM o 
— o con! foal © — ae ae foal nN 
5 CS) 
A RD ® 
a : eM Pirip? eee le © Lg eOBIEB2 9 | > 2) ope sssooeo |o 
ee a bre clas ed be oan lo 5 SOHONAH in !oa@ © OMOG AHH Hor. .6 | D 
a “sere i kate SRE SS je e REiii@ii iPad: 2 Meat oe ere 
q 
I nl oo ooonoo is) Swoooooeooononosd eo} 
= jopnedg,| Seo ee tae ee é ee ce ge é Rosdaawonwen |e 
GSEDIOAO AAD NDI OWAROSH | a i = aaa maa | 69 
Se ets zn Us ia 2 
S ie iig SoSoSnHS SEES |S o SSSSSSSSSS SIH aS SHSGLSSKSSSSTS 
he Ne AS Hoon eNOeAADAL b= teal Ae 019 19 211010 YH ia > o CWA WODOMAOW ~ 
=o a Put) £@) BRAN NAAN wee . tins Boel = ow Cn Men gen Rae Bae Bee Be oe 
al 8 a D 2 
A 3 | 3 “Bog 5 Seer eee ee ee 2 
o ind Pa 
7, = 3 | ‘sung a S 
jea| @ | rzepunyy, —Q a 
my 5 oa m9 
a A Tey ° 4 
< 4 = 
a +» 
ct0) a 
3 ep 
oS 4 
ss iS 
. 
oo 
°. 
D 
N 
80 
ic 


Long. 5° 20’ W. Height of Barometer Cistern above Sea, 58 feet. 


taken at Foreign Stations in the Year 1876. 


IMO NAA AAAS 


nl 
. . Lael 
“Hey rea SHINE KHODOWHOO® 8 
on . * P| 
“fe peace :eeee | ae : SSSR es 2 Sores tas secseeass2ss 32 
a 30 N99 SO 1S SD Bo ical ESAS ? 66H | OS CSHOSSEC HGS HAG |G 
NANA = A a aa ATA Aa SAHA wm 
' : > | 
4 = (any | 
bel try O09 So oS foo] Or Or-ooanrnor 
-§ ume | SSNSSs ; S986 fe ZERSSSSSSFRE |F FESALSaSSSSS | = 
| Z =) "3 > & eooooeosoensco jn SCOSDCOOMHOOnRR 19 
i bs ; ; 
2 : 
for] . i] ac NWAMHWOMMOOD ao 
al moz | SPeSss ep BSERSESSSASA SFESSASCLIESS | a 
S ANNCSOS a AHOMOSCOSCONROES nomanniee |S 
ia *pno[g jo JunouLy Uvoyy | Ss OA OS ; Sr gone seuUoom be doe iaac eg (z 
‘ is] 


: Wind obs. x 
~43 days‘ short. 


April 1 day short. May 1day short. June 4 day short. 


August 4-day short. October day short. November } day short. 


January } day short. 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 


Appendix - | 


Annual Abstract of Meteorological Observations 


Forr Naripr, Navan. 


Lat. 29° 3/8: | 


ar Tet : Relative 
Air Temperature. } Humidity. 
2 i 
. So 
e poms, ay Means of Abs. Min. Abs. Max. 5 Min. 1 
Month. Bs f ie 
5 3S | 
x 3| 5 g | 
; : 3 : : : 
S | |e is 3 : a : = : "ga [2] ‘ 
$ a | a Sale g EI A g e 8 5 = 
BS) Sate ee lee oe aa Wei ete eats a lh 
— ——- —— | —_  — >| __ — i 
January _...] 29°803 | 71°7 a 60°3 | 81-8 | 54-6 | 22nd] 97-7] 2na| -5e8 | 67-4 | 49-0 | 28th | 
February ... 29819 | 732 sds 62°6 | 84:2 | 54:0 | 23rd | 94-3 |. 2nd] -537 | 65°6 | 38:8 | 3ra 
March 29-916 | 70°4 as 57°4 | 82-8 | 44°3 | 10th | 95:1 | 18th | +463 | 62°2 | 32-7 | 16th | 
April 30°046 | 65:7 ie 53°8 | 77°1 | 45°8 | 27th | 90:4] 9th | -439 | 69°5 | 45-0 | 30th 
May 30°040 | 61:7 on 48°7 | 75-2 | 39°5 | 28th | 89-7 | 5th | °335 | 60°8 | 38-0 | 29th 
Jane 30°120 | 57:1 rf 45°3 | 71:1 | 34°6 | 30th | 83-6 | 6th | -290 | 62-2 | 32°0 | 27th 
July 30°141 | 56:9 aa 43°3| 73°5 | 35°8} 9th | 91:4] 4th | -271 | 58-6 | 37°2| 24th |” 
August .| 29-929 | 64:7 ae 50°6 | 77°5 | 37°6 | 31st | 94°5 | 29th | -304 | 49-1 | 26-0! 2na 
September... 29-958 | 66°4 Lh 54°41 -77°5 | 42-8] Ist | 97-9 | 22nd} *395 | 61°6 | 26:2 | Ist 
October... 29-954 | 69°5 aA 53-2 | 81-2 | 40°8 | Ist | 99:1] 11th | +391 | 53:9 | 23-0 | 5th 
November ... 29-866 | 68°8 ae 55°4 | 79-7 | 48-7 | 12th | 98-3 | 30th | -445 | 62-4 | 43°5 | 80th 
December ... 29-778 | 71:7 a 58°8 | 85-0 | 49°7 | 10th |106-2 | 14th | -497 | 62-2 | 35°6 | 13th 
Mean ... 29-947 | 66°5 Ne 53°6 | 78°9 | 43-6 94°83 -408 | 61-3 | 35°6 
Srprri LEonn. Lat. 8° 29’ N, 
January 29-898 | 82-0 ve | oe | 72°12 | 90°9 | 67°0 | 2nd] 95-0 | 11th | -853 | 78-0 | 67-0] 3ra 
February ... .| 29°900 | 8274 ws | ee | 72:0 | 91°1 | 70°0 | 9th | 98°O | 10th |, 822 | 74-4 | 55-0 | 15th 
March 29°874 | 83°9 ve | ae | 73°8 | 93-0 | 68-0 | 23rd | 97-0 | 24th } -885 |. 76-0 | 64-0 | 22na] , 
April 29-904 | 83-9 ws | oe | 73°6 | 93°6 | 67-0 | 25th | 96:0 | 7th | -920 | 79-4 | 69-0 | 16th 
May .| 29-934 | 83°3 ve | aoe | 714 | 92°2 | 66-0 | 21st | 97-0 | 5th | +905 | 79:3] 64-01 2na 
June .| 29-987 | 83-4 ve | ae | 71°9 | 91-2 | 67-0 | 14th | 96-0 | 4th | -903 | 78-9 | 67-0 | 16th 
July .| 80-006 | 7974 ss. | o | 69°0 | 86°3 | 64:0 | 10th | 97:0 | 3rd | -822 | 92-4 | 67-0 | 25th 
August... 29-985 | 78°9 ws | oe | 68°7 | 83°6 | 66-0 | 28rd | 90-0 | 20th | -8d8 | 81-5 | 64-0 | 26th 
September... 29°956 | SCO we | a | 68°5 | 84°9 | 65-0 | 13th | 92-0 | 30th | 834 | 81-5 | 68-0 | 16th 
October .| 29950 | 81:2 ve | ove | 68°5 | 88°0 | 64:0 | 3ist | 94:0 | 4th | +878 | 82-7! 75-0] Sth 
November ... 29-919 | 80°8 ss | ve | 67°6 | 89°0 | 63°0.| 3rd | 92-0 | 13th | +852 | 81-0 | 63-0 | 28th 
December ... 29940 | 820] ... | ... 69°3-/ 89°5 | 67-0 | 5th | 93:0 | 18th | -877 | 80°0 | 72:0 | 9th 
Mean .,. _...| 297938 | 81:8 70°5 | 89°4 | 66:2 94-7 863 | 79°6 | 66'S] 


BaRBADOES. 
January 30-020) 79" | Salk. 72°2 | 82°8 | 64:0 | 16th 
February ... 30093 | 79°5 | .. ; 71°2 | 84°1 | 65-0 | 13th 
March .| 80-033 | 80°2 |... 3 72°1 | 84°9 | 68°0| 7th 
April 307048 | 82°0| ... | ... 73°2 | 86:0 | 70:0 | 23ra 
May w| 80°033 | 82°9 |”. ~ 75'0 | 85°6 | 72:0 | 5th 
June ...| 80°066 | 82°6 | .. é 76°6 | 86°1 | 71-0 | 11th 
July ..-| 80°060 | 82°1 | .. 5 75°6 | 85°7 | 70:0 | 4th 
August ... ~ ...| 80°038 | 83°3 | .. é 744 | 87°8 | 72:0] 1st 
September... _...| 29°991 | 83°3 | .. Y 74:0 | 88°1 | 70°0 | 30th 
October ... ...| 29°990 | 82°5 | ... |... 74:0 | 86°5 | 72:0 | 10th 
November... _...| 29°983 | 83°2 | .. A 74°6 | 87:0 | 73:0 | 2nd 
December... —««.] 30°005 | 82°5 | .. 73°3 | 86°6 | 71°5 | - Ist 
Mean ... «| 80°031 | 81°9 73°8 | 85:9 | 69°9 


89°5 


Lat. 18° 4’ N, 


SSN WK ANSKRG 
2 
Ss 
) 


ANIADA.AH.AIOMBWD 
Ome hm OO 


——— 


30 


° 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876 


No. X.—continued.. 


taken at Foreign Stations in the Year 1876. 


Long. 30° 2’E, Height of Barometer Cistern above Sea, 2,200 feet. 


2 
“surTeO) } 
E 2 
i ae z 
) 1° oo 12 
= Pe iiaae: 2 
sj pais i 
[S) 
a 7 
4 = ees ° 
S mn oo | 
: EI WinoDnDONDOM So 
i seen Do RN ieonc mea yee te es 
Ss a 2 FHOnsHORHONN :/ 
ra =| = = 
=} 2 BG | weosesoesowws | 7 
= wh HRAATCH IDA Hed | 1d 
3 E BWISOSSSOBGGH GSS 16 
2 a DHOHKODNHWMDON | OD 
fe) Se NNSA SAA eG) 
6 
H eI IDIOIOD I'D S'OIWIOSS'S) | 10 
Q ; MOM OWA MOiIDco | 
(ea oa : 
& ; eocowr op se. | 0 
A MAR HOO HHOOOH |! 
{ = Piet rahe een ial Load oo 
+ sa[Vy ee 
22.92 IFS See ie te 
“qSB010AQ SOrnsonmnnant—o (oO 
NAA aA ANN foo) 
=) 
3 yi SOPSSSSSS ESOS 
a |ANS 1e019 DOOMODHODHOOD | o 
= Sea AN SaaS © 
ge 
a % B07 
3 
= 3 *SUL09S = 
g sepungy, S 
: | 
GB Trey 
| MOUS | 
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\ 
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i 
SO ede oes 3) 
wea |. Bae seaescene |o 
N NAN nN o 
= Nn 
3 MWHOADHOSOHOS0 1 
5 “CONT Xe AL SS GS SIS Sa GU Sa b= tgs 
3 NAOoNOCoOCOCRANHO|N 
i 
~MOeKrOoHeooonHD oe] 
“Te1OL ea SS ee ae Breed 
TEAM MOOTONMAN ES 
‘pnoig joqmomy ug | SRSPESooSrEsS [a 
Le) 


OMO1IND Derm OwW OO 


Long. 13° 9’ W. 


Height of Barometer Cistern above Sea, 224 feet. 


MOTs eee Seats Nea ea fhe ar SET mcm c 
o BON Famigen | eee ee as ae 
Cae, plan gg trol ke | i [einer ce irate YE oor e fos, 
oa o oHnla SEI yp remeceree aes 
AO I Se ced | eet ea athe reece do onaaiha he SF oe, 
WMOOSOCOHDAANG | + pa tesla Sas eas ne es 
AANANA eS — 
Lon 
Le eae p12: Ne) pare Sree : 
be Sea fe 2 4 On a aap a. trait) : 
ar jones Ie ee is Tae ce nt ne toes eee ewes 
Co Sy a eee ea ey IR ae tale Sex. ae i Aor 
oe i La) —D SSSHWOWGOS | o 
: coo 2 i] D TAADMHONWH | 19 
SSeonesoooss 18 RWS eee aes ie 
ONOHWr-OoHatoOWA | oO bd ID MBO A- OANA [ot 
1 oy = oO 
wo 
ote aes) SO IO ° SUS TS NS SAD ND AOE OG rl Be 
ai 2: OMOr~AMONAOMIMOe | © 
SONS So gO <2 AAARCANAAAAA AS | oe 
3 
SSSSSYESO GOS | o w Spe Sepa onan aS 
ACOrD 23 Sins: (st wee w mes So 
VSAHOoOVIDANNOH | Oo Ss 
Se ga irs! e | 
fo) 

NO rosea ss: rs |e pQ Seat seats a we 
Se SR EEO DM AA a aS - ae 
I ee ss a ea a ee Se 
WDHAAINOMDOIR foo) Oo HMIOHOCOROMOWH | O 

aa ca) Bt) z 
rm a 
WeEeeo Lf. WoW | ro) oocoose wo oe) 
omm4 2s it ionn |] oa = Ord 2 ior soo } 12 
4 a] nN H a 
o 
~— 
Oe Rae Sere Sb aN Be F Sane Tab aR radar Rieter “et ep Sve 
jo) 
TIM DOWN DINAAN % i ee ae ell. ses hic His ea 
ee eee me Cee eerie care oH Tea ae er est atte Hist : 
ie OR CA aT 3 Ae eS REAR Reheat Joh ip ni melee tp a 
_ 

Bi see Si omcitga tuner acy sims cape : a AE RE Re Oat We ieee iad SC 
Hodes tote Sets eae oD pats ii Rp eRe Ss Sapo ee iflage 
‘o 
AOD O NOM COCO | HOOHHNOrERMNOMD | D> 

2useaean |e | sasetes hades |e 
> 2 
om : be os Acct & 
SRSeE se aess | E egtegdezesaa | 8 

: 5 = 
Nee eee BRSdeaeease™ |S 
Lon) a: an 

dS : 

ENOMANOSGINR MOH | a ie} 1DOid | 
;SAAGABBSATSA | % BS GASRSSSR288SS1S 
SONMMOWHONHS | + S HOSCOCOHANMNSS | 

5 wD — 

-oonornraaond |X 7 
7 © MHASSoCHHOnOwH | = 
S09 0 NS SS esa x Esto} ADEBATHVEAUWS |S 
See aoa I MOonoadyranoas /o 
rot ° oe ra) 

; 
AEdweresenooe |a - Peveerrensns |S 
IDO OOM Ol COW H © ID Hig id mr Oto tO fo I eo 


302 


Month. 


January ... 
February ... 
March 
April 

May 

June ooo 
July ove 
August .., 
September... 
October a 
November ... 
December ... 


eae 


Mean ... 


January ... 
February ... 
March 
April an 
May oy 
June 

*July a 
*August .*... 
*September 
October 
November ,..* 
December ... 


Mean ... 


’ 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 


Means. 


Appendix 


Annual Abstract of Meteorological Observations: 


NEWOASTLE, JAMAIOA, 


‘ 
| 
. 
Lat. 18° 62’ N. 


» Nassau, BAHAMAS. 


January 


November ... 
December ... 


Mean ... 


* July Observations of Temperat 
(Observatory blown down, 19th July’ 


Air Temperature. 

Daily i 

WMeane: Means of Abs. Min. 

Pa Re: 

o/s . 

a3 : j Ey : 

eh ace a ec Oe ee 

colt T= Msp] =e =I Pres 
sen 73°0 at “0 
eee 76°0 re eas 
5 75°4 ma) iets 
55°4 | 75°6 | 52°0 4th 
56°4 | 77°1 | 52°0 | 18th 
60°1 | 81°6 | 54°0 3rd 
61°4 | 80°2 | 58°0 |} 18th 
60°2 | 81°4 | 58°0 7th 
60°7 | 81°5 | 57:0 -|.26th 
59°0 | 77°5 | 52°0 | 15th 
59°3 | 79:0 | 57°0 | 26th 

38 57°8 | 78°6 | 51°0 3rd 
58°9 | 78:1 | 54°6 


Relative 
Humidity. } 
FI 
5 Minimum. : 
Abs. Max. | & —_—_——} .9 
One 
ml 
3 
2 § : 
aie eee » | 9 
6) s 2 oF 3 f 
NA A a r= a . 
—|—-— | — | 
3 
80°0 | 20th | °447 | 78°5 | 45:0 | 11th 
81-0 | 22na| “424 | 71:0 | 52-9 | 15th 
79-0 | 2nd| -445 | 72-8 | 60-0 | 22nd] 
g1-4 | 28th | -498 | 70°5 | 46-5 | 14th | 
83:0 | 10th | -582 | 80-0 | 58-0 | 10th . 
86-0 | 15th | -568 | 70°0 | 56-1 | 1th | © 
86-0 | 16th | 560 | 71:0 | 55-0 | 7th 
86-0 | 6th | -568 | 70-0 | 55-0 | 22nd) 
87-0 | 30th | “603 | 76:0 | 65-0 | 9th 
93-0 | 3rd | “584 | 78°5 | 53-0 | 6th | 
85°0 | 29th | “570 | 75-0 | 61-0 | 29th 
84-0 | 25th | -555 | 76°0 | 61-0 | 14th 
83°5 534 | 74°1 | 55°7 | 


66°8 | 76°8 | 62 2 
66°2 | 78°9 | 61°3 
66°3 | 78°2 | 62°4 
67°5 | 83°5 | 61°4 
71°5 | 86°5 | 67°1 
73°9 | 88°0 | 70°1 
74°6 | 90°7 | 72°4 
74-7 | 90°9 | 71°6 
73°0 | 89°1 | 68°0 
73°8 | 86°2 | 67°5 
68°4 | 79°3 | 60-0 
65°8°| 76°3 | 53°5 


70°2 | 83°7 | 64°8 


80°7 
83 °6 
83-2 
89°1 
93 °6 
91 °2 
94 6 
94°5 
94°5 
95°7 
87 ‘0 
85 °0 


89°45). 00 


"523 


636 


mre and Wind, Ist to 19th only. August and September, Instruments in store 


64°0 | 521 
70°0 
68°4 
658 
680 
71°6 
63°4 
65°6 
12°4 
72°4 
73°1 
76°5 
2 


69°3 | 54:9 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 308 


No, X.—continued. 
taken at Foreign Stations in the Year 1876. 


Long. 76° 42’ W. Height of Barometer Cistern above Sea, 3,800 feet. 


a 

a Rainfall Weather. Wind. 

5 

6 

=| Number of Days of Number of Observations under each Point. 

=] 

5 : 

E a eal |e |e } 

hig ed Oe tec tesl, be 1.8) 3 s 

s| 3 El » | S/S /a 2S a] ¢ | 518 EI 

2 x cS a | n 2 e | N. KE. | £ E. |S .W. W.| ‘3 
ale |8148 jalalee |e} s jo}s|™/% Se eee fee be 

| 4:0 |16°40 | 2°00 fo) a CY een cee Bese (ey ll VCO fares 65 |... ere eae aa ase | 12°0 | 12°56 
eZ) 1 O90! OCD |i Babin PAY cd eve fo see'f! ese 23 Agcy | aces UO Wiens re wae a Bae 6°0 | 22°0 
2°2 | 2°15 | 0°50 7th} 6).. eevt wan 22 Nes 25 |... aes aed see <A 6°5 | 22°0 
5°3 |12°15 | 2°50 | 24th | 18 os 9 LOI ses UO reas 5°65 | 7°5) 2°5 |... 0°5 | 12°5 
6°5 | 8-11 | 1°83 | 15th | 25 2 2 1 10 3 D0} BO) - 625) | 670). 3b: | 0°5)\_. 2... 9°5 
4°9 | 9-02 | 2°32 3rd | 17 2 10 6 2 120), 05)" 1870} Pb)... 0°5 8°56 
4°8 |110°65 | 6°00 | 20th 9 3 9 6 2 a 3°5] 11°56 | 6:0] 075 |... 9°5 
5°3 | 9°28 | 2°10 | 25th | 16 cl 5 9 Bileee tee 1°5] 6°0 | 3°5) 0°5 | 1°0 18°5 
5°1 |11°65 | 1°75 | 16th | 18 4 10 | 10 3 it 1:0) 11°0 | 275)... 2°0 13 °5 
5°4 |27°17 | 5°80 | 15th | 19 3 11 10| 4 soe (1270) 70] OFSF 25 | 1-0), 9°0 
5°2 |12°63 | 2°35 | 10th | 21 1 10 9 aa 6°5) 5°56 | 1°5) 2°0 14°5 
3°9 | 4°21 | 1°85 | 29th | 10 1 16 5 1 | 2-0) 5:0 |12°0) ... OsBi-0:5)] 6 11°0 
4°5 |124°12) 5°80 | 15th 178 21 14] 84 | 15 |} 2-0] 22°5 |38-0| 71-0 |28°5| 9-0 | 7-0] 25-0 {163-0 
Oct. 


6°] [12°93 | 3°60 | 6th | 7 ot) ats) toe 
3°9 ; 0°54 | 0°50 | 27th | 4)... 9) 5 ca: 
2°6 | 0:03] 0°03 | 15th | 1]... 5 0 was 
2°9 | 1°61 |} 0-66:| 80th | 4]... i) a) ope 
3°1 | 3°76 | 1°25 | 16th } 13 5 0 fn 
OE) OP OAtE OGD) |) Vardi Sul age free. | oe 0 3°0 es 
3°3 | 6°59 | 2°40 | 19th | 11]... 7 .. 7 a9) 0 ave 
3°6 | 4°09 | 112 | 7th | 14 | a. | we | oe 5 é wae 
4:0 | 6°23 | 2°14} 15th} 13] ...1..) 4 eve 
3°7 |14°74 | 5°91 | 14th | 16)... ] ... | tee 
3°8 | 6°03 | 1°15 | 25th | 18]... | | oes 
3°2 | 3°14| 1°40} 29th | 7]... |... | 38 soe 


wo 
a 
ror) 
Ss 
a 
o 
on 
© 
= 


14th | 111]... |... | 14 
Oct. 


¥ 


Long. 77° 21’ W. 


6°38 | 0°64 | 0°26 | 28th | 4] 1. | oe | eee | ae 3°0} 5 ON a af 
TG |. 2°42) 1925 | Ath | 6] ese d oon | ce | ove 60} 6 Aon (ier ° 
5°5 | 2°29 | 1°89 | 25th | 2 nove P cen | lea 3'0} 5°56]... 3] 2-0 ae 
6°3 | 2°14 | 1°56 | 16th | 2] | we | wwe | 0-5) 4°5 | 1°0 i be a) as 
7°O 14°17 | 5°20 | 28th | 8B]... | ve | oe | ee 2°0} 5:0 | 05 CSO) EL -O aie 
8*2 |11°64 | 4°94 | 10th | 12] ..)..)] 3)... 5°5) 9°5 | 1°5 we | 0°85 . 
Fe ONS? OF | OFGE | SUSE PPT ce hese | OR | 2°0) 14°0 | 1°0 Fa la ve 
7°5 | 5°68 | 1°85 | 22nd} 11 vee | OO x 8°5) 9°56 | ... 15} 3:0] ... 
16° 120°48 | 4°24 | 27th | 21)... 5]. 2°5} 9°5 | 1°0 vee | 220 PLO 
4°5 | 4°62 | 1°52 | 14th | 17 5 eve 4:0) 16°0 |... 3:0) 4:0 ye 
5°56 | 5°70 | 3°33 | 8th | 7]. . 1:0) 1:0 | 0°5 0'5) 6:0} 2°65 
4-1 | 2°60 | 1°73 | 10th | 8 . 4 0-0} 7:0) 1-0 2°0| 6-0 . 

| 6°3 |75°45 | 5°20 | 28th |110 fess | 19] 4 3°0) 86°5 | 7°5 11°5] 29°0 | 3°5 


v2 


304 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


Appendix 


Annual Abstract of Meteorological Observations 


BERMUDA. 


Lat. 32° 17’ N. 


i Relative 
Air Temperature. Humidity. 
ae 8 
i=) 
q Hourly Daily * 2 a 
& Means. | Means, | Meansof | Abs. Min. Abs. Max. 2 Min. 
Month. @ = : ws 
2 I, ae3 Bi 
a : Sg 3 5 0 6 r 
5 Bs Neislcenate | eee eae eH & - | a | 4g 
§ ee ee | ee ee oe 3 Ee 5 e 8 2 
= Si¢i2 8) 28 lerene | eek 
January 30°253 | 64:1 a | ww» | 57°9 | 68-4 | 51°6 | 14th | 75°7 | 31st | 408 | 67°6 | 47°6 
February 30°169 | 65:0 58-7 | 69°5 | 49°0 | 25th | 75:3 5th | "426 | 69°5 | 54°0 
March .| 80°054 | 62°4 55°1 | 66°9 | 45°1 5th | 73°3 | 17th | °3871 | 65°9 | 51°8 
April -| 80°085 | 66°6 59°2 | 70°6 | 54:0 | 10th | 79°3 | 25th | *440 | 67-6 | 51°2 
May 30°146 | 73°6 66°1 | 77°4 | 60°0 | 18th | 85°1 | 29th | *588 | 70°2 | 51-0 
June 30°157 | 76°9 70°5 | 81°4 | 64°4 | 10th | 86:1 | 30th | “692 | 74°6 | 58-0 
July 3 30°161 | 82°2 74°7 | 85°9 | 69°8 3rd | 90°9 | 8lst | "781 | 71°2 | 64°0 
August wale 30°082 | 82°6 75°3 | 87°0 | 70°4 | 28rd | 938°3 | 14th | "7238 | 65°4 | 50-0 
September ... 307043 | 80-0 72°8 | 84°4 | 68°8 | 8th | 88°3 Ist | ‘749 | 72:6 | 57°0 
October 30-014 | 77°3 70°1 | 80°3 | 61°8 | 29th | 87°7 | 12th | *665 | 71°0 | 50-4 
November ... 29°954 | 70°9 63°5 | 73°9 | 55°2 | 27th | 82°3 3rd | ‘515 | 67°8 | 56°0 
December ... 30 °026 | 64°4 et 58°3 | 68°8 | 47°7 | 7th | 75:3 | 80th | “462 | 76-0 | 51°2 
Mean ... 80'095 | 72:2 65°2 | 76°2 | 58:1 82°7 “568 | 69°9 | 53°5 
SINGAPORE. Lat. 1° 16’ N. 
January . +a] 29°320 | 82°7 T0251 ccs 67°2 | Ist eee *877| 78°7 | 70°4 
February ... .| 29°321 | 83-9 701 can 679 3rd tee 934) 80°0 | 74°8 
March | 29°303 | 85-1 70°7 awe 68°3 Ist ies *973| 80°0 | 73°8 
April a1] 29°303 | 85°7 70°84) ase 69°0 | 28th aad 1°035} 84°2 | 69°5 
May... .4| 29*300 | 85-0 715 re 68:1 | 15th cre 1-048} 87°0 | 81°8 
June e.| 29°297 | 84°3 70°7 aoe 68°5 9th ave 1:045) 89°0 | 81°8 
July... see] 29°299 | 84°7 70°3 ave 69°0 8th see 1°032| 86°5 | 80°6 
August ee se] 29°3801 | 84°3 70°0 ie 68°0 4th ave 1-018] 86°8 | 78°8 
September ... vee] 29°312 | 82-2 69°5} ... | 68°0 | 14th au 968} 88°0 | 80°3 
October . +-.| 29°323 | 83°2 69°3 ase 68°0 | 16th oe 1°001|} 88°0 | 81°4 
November ... «..| 29°305 | 80°8 69°6 re 68 °0 | 30th Os 931) 89°0 | 78°8 
December ... .| 29°335 | 78-0 1 68:9 rad 66 °2 5th *848] 88°0 | 12°4 
Mean «a. -| 29°310 | 83°3 parenore 68°0 rey 976] 85°4 | 770 
‘Hone Kone, Cura. Lat. 22° 16’ N. 
January ... sof 80°202 | 56°2 ) «. | 53°2 | 62°3 | 39°0 | 27th | 70°7 | 6th | .880} St-0 | 66r0 
February . «| 30°L01 | 58°9 +. | 56°0 | 64°9 | 50°6 | 22nd | 76°1 | 18th | °440 | 88°38 | 82°0 
March 30°017 | 62-4 a | 59°2 | 67°3 | 54-1 | 16th | 77°7 | 26th | *508 | 90°4 | 64-6 
April ace 29°905 | 70°8 «« | 66°2 | 76°7 | 58°9 | 4th | 89°4 | 27th | °665 | 88°2 | 62-5 
May Vee 29°816 | 77°4 «+ | 78°0 | 83°3 | 68-9 | 19th | 90°5 | 26th | “87 | 86-5 | 60'S I 
June 29°754 | 83°9 79-4 | 89°8 | 75°6 | 25th | 95°9 | 26th | -986 | 85-0 | 69°6 | 
July... co ~29°668 | 82°6 77°9 | 89°3 | 75°8 3rd | 96°5 | 28th | *913 | 82°0 | 690 
August oy 29°702 | 81°5 77°4 | 88°4 | 74°1 | 26th | 95-1 18th | *952 } 89-0 | 77°6 
September ... 29°839 | 81°4 76°0 | 882 | 73°5'| 17th | 95°9 8th | *795 | 74°4 |) 58°1 
October 30°012 | 77°3 71°1 | 83:2 | 65:0 | 11th | 88°1 | 24th | x68 | 72°6 | 51-2 
November ... 30°057 | 69°5 63°9 | 74°4 | 57°0 | 19th | 82°9 | 17th | 545 | 745 | 52-1 
December ... 30°152 | 61°8 | ... 57°3 | 67°7 | 48°8 | 25th | 72-2 | 16th | +462 | 81-0 | 65-3 
Mean ... 29°935 | 72:0 67-5 | 77°9 | 61°8 85°9 %677 | 83-0 | 64-9 


305 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 


No. X.—continued. 


taken at Foreign Stations in the Year 1876. 


Te 


Long. 64° 47’ W. Height of Barometer Cistern above Sea, 151 feet. 


LP 2 IBID SSP «| 
“SUITED | eS COON HN] 
= NPGS pMDI SOS 5 
a MOOMNOHAMNM~ WL ia} 
= A [3 
i : pe omer onere |e 
s ey ia . Danenmoroonmnn! sd 
a iu m=) 
5 z | eeeseseoocoseo|e 
a - MOHMAADANTAHHMS | a 
o w a a 4 Qa 
fe ; SSSHSSSHSSES |S 
rd 5 “a | AAACN OMOANMO | 16 
EI an 
R i= 
= ° fa 1 MOMMOTDONMNS io} 
2 Dey pea te a i 
B - IO AM AA | © 
S we 100 2 OND & 
F ‘ 
e | cooowensoo , |e 
(ZY io} ANAAAMOOnNHANA = 
= 
fo} 
5 a woowooHERSoS |S 
bal z AIDA OOOH | 
5 | 
a : DOOHSSOMBSSS |S 
wR | SHoOmMMmA MMH | 
| rt ES 
eo | ASE ee 
l SSesooSooones ss 
be, nN Mm AOANC fo2) 
weenie, | BASSAS 8 
1 
5 | ‘419 | eooeoooeoue 
a IwyjQ | wBaAnHnnooaere 
tal 
3 e ie | ae or ee 
ee Q BOT Had). Pee ete oie Sa shos 
8 Ld 
2 tr) 
= ; “SULLOJS 409 EC i-s peaeel 
z rapungL 
‘ren | | 
“Moug | 
* ~ moto | a 
ona | Sanstse°esse |S 
¢ Sressssenres |S 
sed WHAHDSKONMHABID |S 
NANO a an oO 
a erate 2 COMANIATWOO HOM a 
q “UMUIIXe Sa Or ae eee en ee 
a | COMM MAMOMNAE | oo 
a! + 
| N=AHMOWBMH ODS 
| *TeIOL Ed dot dake be Lag 
{ 


“pnorg jo qunowy ueoyy | 


18 © 19 O39 10910 19 1 1 


a seowewo So rd 2 
a tHOoor “S50 res 


Long. 105° 31’ E. Height of Barometer Cistern above Sea, 116 feet. 


14th |206 |...|..- 


8/0 
78 28 | 2°43 


SONWmAHSHO9 OC 
ARMOOMAD GOs — oO 


SPS tt EASE et SO)00' a S'S 


SNHDDOMWONNOM > 


ssH OD 6909 09 SH OD 6H SH SH oH © 


Long. 114° 9’ E. Height of Barometer Cistern above Sea, 43 feet. 


sd ACEP el SI TS 
© io inotatana x 
S75 AL ete) 
a os) HOonae |x 

et 


WOMSMOMOwBOSCSOS 


MAOH NCANMMI SS 
a oe 


WWSSWOSSO WO Jo 


SHAD DooHS io 


MANAPONNANHOO—eK 


AAA aaa 


wWnmooow SESE 5 | 


5 
0 
0 
5 
0 
0 


CRISS EIN i aie SI 
ANMNNNANN 


SOUR erry ao eee eet ee 
MH MODS TOM HOS 
Louie 


12 |91°0 |210°0} 5 | 11:0 | 57:0 | 156-0} 38:0 15:5) 52°5 


OoOON 1M Py IN: 


wom 7oO TN E 
= 


No daily record of observations kept; six months entered as N.E., and six months as S.W. Monsoon. 


306 


Stations, with their Height 
above the Sea. 


Gibraltar— .. Pt 2s 
Malta ave Ree AO, 
Seutari at sve 2,00 


Natal (Fort Napier),., 2,200 


Sierra Leone... vee 22k 


(Barbadoes ri rep mets) 


Newcastle, Jamaica... 3,800 


Up-Park Camp, 
Jamaica... f a 238 


Nassau, Bahamas ... 44 


America & W.Indian, African. Mediterranezn. 
— re —* SES 


Bermuda eke wor 261 


Singapore ... rae’ LO 


Hong Kong ... was, AS 


ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 


Hourly 
Means. 


65°3 


68°5 
69°2 


66°5 
81°8 


81°9 
69°4 
84°7 
78°5 


72-2 


83°3 


72°0 


Means of 


Air Temperature. 


Abs. Min. 


40°0 | 9 Jan. 


44°2 |21 Mar. 
23°0 | 1 Jan. 


63°0 | 3 Noy. 


64°0 |16 Jan. 


51-0) | 3 Dec. 
50°0 | 2 Dee. 
53°5 | 1 Dec. 
45:1 | 5 Mar. 


66°2 [5 Dec. 


39°0 |27 Jan. 


Abs. Max. 


Summary of Results of Meteorological Observations 


Mean. 


_Appen 


95°0 
91:0 
98°0 


30 June 106-2 


98°0 


93°0 
87-0 


25 July 


12 Sept. 
15 Sept. 


14 Dee. 


10 Feb. 


1] Sept. 
30 Sept. 


17 July 


14 Aug. 


77°0 | 


11:7 
15-7 
61°3 
79°6 
67-9 
741 
59 °*4 
69°3 
69°9 


85°4 


830 


36-0 | 50 
48-2 |14 
45°6 |28 Ju 


23-0 “— 
55°0 |15 Fet 


46°0 |25 Ma 


47-6 |22 San 
69°5 [23 Ap 


ve 
51-2 |12 Oct 


t 


; 


APPENDIX TO REPORT FOR 1876. 307 
0, X.—continued. 


ken at Foreign Stations in the year 1876, 


Rainfall. Weather, Wind. 
No. of days of No. of Observations under each point. 

: : 3 

we os o 
j.| [38 4 kA £ 
Zla/B5| a| se) 5 |s I gy ae aan ee 
algls\62| 2182] S [S| N- [NE EB. |S.2./ 8. [8.w) Ww. IW] 3 5 & 
° ie ° ) 

«| 1] 38 | 4°5]194°5) 85-5]14| 10-0] 15°5]130°0] 9-5} 9:5] 23°5)118-0] 49-5] 0°5)36 6 N.| 5 20W. 
11°23/1°44)16 Oct. | 51)...)... 1 | ... {100°5]106 -5]...) 9-0] 62:5] 5:0) 705] 4:0] 44:0) 12°5/158°5] ... (85 53 N.]14 30E: 
30 °18)3°10) 5 July 11} 1) 22 | 1:0|184°0)1375) 5) 49-0/120-°5] 860] 11°0/50-0} 60:0) 14-5] 6-0/14°5*/41 00 N./29 3. 
28 -93|2 90/26 Oct. ..| 1] 62 | .,. |163°0}180°5| 8} 9-5] 47°3/199°5| 56°5/14-0) 1-5] 4:5] 23-0) 10°0/29 3S.|380 2E. 

nap ies 53 | ... | 29°5) 88°0)13/120-0] 19-0) 50°5| 1:5} -d) 1°5|144°0} 2-0) 27-0] 8 29N./13 9 W. 

| 50°61/3 50/24 Sept. Pecfeas} 7] we. | 255) 90-5] 4 *5/288 °5) 31°0) 45:5) ... 0°5 18 4N./59 40 W. 
1124 12/5 °80]15°Oct. |178)...]... 21] ... [141 °0) 840/15} 2-0} 2%°5) 38:0) 71°0/28-5| 19-0] 7:0} 25°0/163:0/18 62 N.|76 42 W. 
| 60°63/5 91/14 Oct. |11])...)... 14]... }206°5! 8°5|°3) 7-*5! 64-0) 48°0/169°5) 2°5) 1-0 5 t |17 59 N./76 56 W. 
75 45/5 °20/28 May ses|ee| 19 | 4°0) 34°0)156 '0} 3) 26 °0)/157°0) 33°0) 86-5] 7°5] 12-0] 11°5) 29:0] 3°5)25 5 N.|77 21 W. 

| 55°7 |3°82/30 May | 1) 14]... | 78°0/138°5/16] 46°0| 42°5) 14°5} 26°5/25°5) 92°0| 66-0) 45-0) 8-0/32 17 N.16447 W. 
eas| een TO Nes enu (LOU Ole ON ONccle jane |LOG Ol sine Rar tage LSBAOn xs wa # 1 16 N.}10531 FE. 

-| 16 |12°0} 91°0)210-0) 5) 11-0} 57 -0/156°0) 38:0/15:5) 52°5) 10°5) 11°5| 14°0)22 16 Nj114 9 E. 


_ * Seutari. Observations on Wind 4} days short. 
ft Up-Park Camp. Observations incomplete, see Abstract. P 
t Singapore. Observations on Wind not daily recorded, 6 months returned as N.E., and 6 months as 8.W. Monsoon. 


. 


308 


APPENDIX No. XI. 


THE ALEXANDER MEMORIAL FUND. 


ComM1TTEE. 


Sir Writ1am M. Murr, K.C.B., M.D., Hon. Physician to the Queen, Director- 
General, President. 


Sir T. Gausrarra Logan, K.C.B., M.D., Hon. Physician to the Queen. 

Surgeon-General T. G. Batrour, M.D., F.R.S. - 

Surgeon-General T. Lonemore, C.B., Hon. Surgeon to the Queen, Professor of 
Military Surgery. , 

Deputy Surgeon-General J. A. Bosrock, C.B., M.D., Hon. Surgeon to the Queen 

Deputy Surgeon-General W. J. Fyrrz, M.D. 

Surgeon-Major F. 8. B. F. De Caaumonr, Professor of Military Hygiene. 

R. Lawson, Esq., M.D., Inspector-General of Hospitals. 

Surgeon-General W. Ruruzrrorp, C.B., M.D. 

Surgeon-General W. Munro, C.B., M.D. 

Deputy Surgeon-General Sir Antony D. Home, K.C.B., V.C. 

Surgeon-Major Freperics Rosrnsoy, M.D., Scots Guards. 


Av a meeting of the Committee, held on the 8th of April, 1876, at the Office 
of the Army Medical Department, 6, Whitehall Yard, it was determined that 
the Alexander Memorial Prize of 50/., and a Gold Medal of the value of 10/., be 
offered for the best Hssay— 


“On the influence of drinking-water in originating or propagating enteric 
“ fever, diarrhoea, dysentery, and* cholera : to be illustrated, as far as possible 
‘¢ by instances which have come under the personal observation of the author.” 


The Essay to be legibly and clearly written, superscribed with a brief motto, 
and accompanied by a sealed envelope similarly superscribed, containing the 
name and address of the author. 


Essays to be despatched to the President, Alexander Memorial Fund 
Committee, on or before the 31st December, 1878. 


The competition to be limited to Executive Medical Officers of the Army 
on full-pay. 

The relative merits of the Essays to be determined by Assessors selected by 
the Committee. 


The Prize to be awarded to the writer of the best Hssay offered, without 
reference to the number of competitors, provided the writer has complied with 
the prescribed conditions. 


* Not or cholera, as was previously announced, 


GENERAL ANNUAL RETURN 


or 


ook BRITISH ARMY 


FOR THE YEAR 
1876, 


- WITH ABSTRACTS FOR 
THE YEARS 1861 TO 1876 INCLUSIVE. 


PREPARED BY ORDER OF 


HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS 
THE FIELD MARSHAL COMMANDING-IN-CHIEF 


FOR THE INFORMATION OF 


THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR WAR. 


HORSE GUARDS, WAR OFFICE, 1877. 


Presented to both Bouses of Parliament hp Command of Ber Majesty. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, 
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 
FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE. 


1877. 
[C.—1888.] Price 6d. 


jks Wigan 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


PART I.—EFFECTIVES, ESTABLISHMENTS, AND DISTRIBUTION. 


During 1876 and on Ist January 1877. 


TABLE 1.—Effective Strength of the Regular Army, by arms, on the lst of 
each month during 1876, and average strength during the year - 

TABLE 2.—Hffective Strength of the Regular Army, by ranks, on the Ist of 
each month during 1876, and average strength during the year - 

Taste 3.—Average Strength in England, Scotland, Ireland, and Abroad, 
during 1876, distinguishing the officers and men, and the different 
arms of the service - 

Tae 4.—Effective Strength and Distributien on Ist January 1877, showing 
the number of each arm - - 

Taste 5.—Effectives and Establishments of each arm, in Rank and File, on 
ist January 1877, and the number ERDeEnOMerary or eenang to 
complete the Establishment - - 

Tas ie 6.—Distribution of Regiments of Cavalry eud Teeny Batteries of 
Artillery, and eos nee: of PEIRCE; &e. &c., on Ist orey 
1877 - - - = 


From 1861 to 1877. 


TABLE 7.—Average Effectives in England, Scotland, Ireland, and Abroad, in 
each year from 1861 to 1876, ener the gene of officers 
p and men - - 
. TasiE 8.—Effective Strength on the Ist Canes in each year from 1861 © 
1877, showing the number of each arm - 
TABLE 9 _—Effective Strength on the Ist January in each bs from 1861 S 
1877, showing the different ranks - 
Tarie 10,—Effective. Strength and Establishment in Rank and File on the 
ist January in each year from 1861 to 1877, and the number 
wanting to complete - - - - - - 


PART II.—RECRUITING AND CASUALTIES. 
During 1876. 


TasiE 11.—Increase and Decrease of each arm of the service during 1876 - © 


TapiE 12.—Increase and Decrease of the Ey dering each month of the 
year 1876 - - 
Taste 13.—Recruits enlisted, atentea: and finally approved, and the nett result 
of recruiting in each district and sub-district during 1876 - 
Tassie 14.—Ages of Recruits joined during 1876 - - - - 
TaBLE 15.—Re-engagements and extensions of service during 1876 - = 
Taste 16.—Discharges from each arm of the service during 1878, causes 
of discharge, and pensions granted - - - - 
Tasty 17.—Ages of the men discharged during 1876 - - 
Taste 18.—Desertions from each arm during 1876, showing the. services of 
the men, and the number who rejoined ‘the service : 
Taste 19.—Transfers from the Regular Army to the Army Reserve during 
1876, showing the services of the men transferred - 


From 1861 to 1876. 


TABLE 20.—Increase and or br Spat of the “iw in each pce ree 1861 to 
1876 

TABLE 21.—Recruits joined since the nae of the , Army Enlistment nee of 1870, 
showing those who enlisted for long and short BOERS in each 


arm = - = . I 
B83s6. Wt. 73899. a2. 


Page 
1 


2 


20 


21 


1v TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


‘ ra Page 

Tanie 22.—Recruits enlisted, attested, and finally approved in each year from ci 

1861 to 1876, showing the number deserted, rejected, &c., and 

the nett result of recruiting in each year - - ,- «22 
Taste 23,—Re-engagements since the passing of the Army Service Act of 

1847, and extensions of service since the passing of the Army 

Enlistment Act of 1870 - - - - 
TapiE 24.—Discharges in each year from 1861 to 1876, causes of discharge, : 

and number of pensions granted - - - So) 25 
Tanne 25.—Services of Deserters in each year from 1868 to 1876, the number 

who rejoined the service, and proportion of Deserters to the 


24 


effective strength - - - - - - 26 
Tasty 26.—Proportion of Desertions from the Army to the Recruits joined 

in each year from 1861 to 1876 — - - - -' 27 
Taste 27.—Transfers from the Regular Army to the Army Reserve in each 

year since the date of the Army Enlistment Act of 1870 -. - 28 


4 


PART IJI—FOREIGN RELIEFS AND RE-INFORCEMENTS. — 


During 1876. 
TasLe 28.—Regiments and detachments embarked for Foreign service during 
1876, and ages of the men embarked with drafts - - - wee 
Taste 29.—Regiments and detachments arrived from Foreign service during 


1876 ‘ 4 z a H & ~ 86 
From 1871 to 1876. . 
Taste 30.—Regiments and detachments embarked for Foreign service in 


each year from 1871 to 1876 - - = - $i 
Taste 31.—Regiments and detachments arrived from Foreign service in each 
year from 1871 to 1876 - 3 a 2) ee 


PART IV.—COURTS-MARTIAL, CRIMES, AND PUNISHMENTS. 


During 1876. 


Tape 32.—Courts-Martial, Crimes, and Punishments during 1876, showing 
the different arms of the service, and the proportion at home eG 
and abroad - = - - - = 
Taste 33.—Number of men tried by Court-Martial, compared with thenumber 
of trials, in each arm of the service, during 1876, and the 
number of each description of Court ~ - - - 
Tapte 34.—Number of men fined for Drunkenness during 1876, and the 
total number of fines inflicted, in each arm of the service _ AEB 
Tapie 35.—Minor Punishments inflicted, by order of Commanding Officers, in 
each arm of the service, at home and abroad, during 1876 - 38 


From 1865 to 1876. 


TABLE 36.—Number of men tried by Court-Martial compared with the number 
of trials in 1865, and in each year from 1872 to 1876 - - 88 
TaniE 37.—Courts-Martial, Crimes, and Punishments, in each year from 1865 
to 1876 - - - ‘- - - 
Taste 38.—General, District, and Regimental Courts-Martial, at, home and 
abroad, from 1865 to 1876, and the proportion to 1,000 men 
of the average strength - - ~ =. 
Tante 39.—Number of men fined for Drunkenness from 1869 to 1876, and the 
: total number of fines inflicted - - - - 
TapiE 40,—Minor Punishments inflicted, by order of Commanding Officers at 
home and. abroad, in each year from, 1868 to 1876, and the ; 
proportion to 1,000 men of the average strength > - 44 


‘TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


PART V.—REWARDS AND SERVICES. 
On Ist January 1877. 


Taste 41.—Past Services of the Non-Commissioned Officers and gees of the 
different arms, on the Ist January 1877 - 

Taste 42.—Past Services of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men, of the 
different arms, on the ist January 1877, who were enlisted for 
short service under the Army Enlistment "Act of 1870. - - 

TasitE 43,—Terms of Engagement of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men, 
of the different arms, on the lst January 1877 - - = 

Tapre 44,—Number of men serving on the 1st January 1877 in each arm of 
the service, who were in possession of Good Conduct Medals, 
showing the different ranks - - = 

TaBLe 45.—Number of men serving on the Ist January 1877 in each arm of 
the service, who were in possession of Good Conduct Badges, 
showing the number of badges - ~ - - 


bs From 1865 to 1877. 


Taste 46.—Past Services of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men in 1865, 
- and in each year from 1873 to 1877 - 
TasLE 47.—Terms of Engagement of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men 
in each year from 1873 to 1877 - 
TABLE 48.—Number of men in possession of Good Conduct Medals in each 


year from 1873 to 1877 - - - “ - 
Taste 49.—Number of men in possession of Good Conduet Badges in 
1870, and i in each year from 1873 to 1877 - - - 


PART VI.—AGES, HEIGHTS, AND CHEST MEASUREMENTS, 


On Ist January 1877. 


TaBiE 50.—Ages of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men on the Ist 
January 1877, showing the different arms of the service - = 
Tasty 51.—Heights. of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men on the 
Ist January 1877, showing the different arms of the service - 
TABLE 52,.—Chest Measurements of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men 
on the Ist January ae ROWE: the different arms of the 
service - - - - 


From 1866 to 1877. 


TaBie 53.—Ages of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men - 1866, and 
in each year from 1871 to 1877 - 

TABLE 54.—Heights of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men in n 186, and 
in each year from 1e78 to 1877 - - - 


PART VII.—NATIONALITIES, RELIGIONS, AND EDUCATION. 
On Ist January 1877. 


TasiE 55.—Nationalities of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men on the 

ist January 1877, showing the different arms of the service - 

TaxsiE 56,—Religious Denominations of the Non-Commissioned Officers and 

Men on the Ist seeeey 1877, = es the different arms of the 
service = - 

Tasty 57.—Educational ea occa of the sicriel Oey are Officers ind 

Men on the Ist Ji enagty: 1877, pre ueee the Ser arms of the 

service = - ~ 


48 


48 


49 
50 
ol 


5] 


02 
54 


55 


56 


56 


57 


57 


58 


vl TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


From 1861 to 1877... 


Taste 58,—Nationalities of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men at 
various periods from 1868 to 1877 - - - 
TABLE 59.—Religious Denominations of the Non-Commissioned Officers and 
Men at various periods from 1861 to 1877 - - - 
TanLe 60.—Educational Acquirements of the Non-Commissioned Officers and 
Men in each year from 1861 to 1877 - - - 


PART VIII.—HORSES. 


During 1876 and on Ist January 1877. 


T apie 61.—Troop or Battery Horses in the different arms of the service on the 
: Ist of each month during 1876, and the average strength during 

the year - - - - - 

TaniE 62.—Effective Strength and Distribution of the Horses on the Ist Ja- 
nuary 1877, showing the Establishment and number required to 

complete each arm of the service - - - 

‘Tani 63.—Increase and Decrease of the Horses on the British Establishment 
in each arm of the service, during 1876 - - - 

Tani 64.—Increase and Decrease of the Horses on: the British Establishment 
during each month of the year 1876 - - < 

Taste 65.—Ages of the Horses in each arm of the service on the 1st January 
1877, specifying those on the British and Indian Establishments - 

TaBLE 66.—Size of the Horses in each arm of the service on the ist January 
1877, specifying those on the British and Indian Establishments - 


From 1861 to 1877. 


Taste 67.—Effective Sirength of the Horses in each arm of the service from 
1861 to 1877 - - - - - - - 
TABLE 68.—Increase and Decrease of the Horses on the British Establishment 
from 1861 to 1876 - - - - 
Taste 69.—Ages of the Horses in each year from 1873 to 1877 ~ - 
TABLE 70.—Sizes of the Horses in each year from 1873 to 1877 - - - 


PART IX.—AUXILIARY AND RESERVE FORCES. 


During 1876 and on Ist January,1877. 


Tapiy 71.—General Annual Return of the Reserve and Auxiliary Forces for 
" the year 1876, showing the different branches of the service - 

TABLE 72.—State of the Army Reserve, showing the composition of the force 
at the commencement of each quarter during 1876 = - 

Tasrn 73.—Ages of men belonging to the Army Reserve on Ist January 1877 
Taste 74.—Number of men of the First Class Army Reserve who were 
absent from the quarterly payments during 1876, and the pro- 

portion to the number enrolled - - - - 

TasiE 75.—General state of the Militia (including the Militia Reserve) at the 
date of the annual inspection of the several corps during 1876 - 

Tasie 76.—Effective Strength of the Militia, in Rank and File, on the first of 
each month during 1876, and the average strength during the 


year - < = = 
Taste 77.—Ages of the Men serving in the Militia on Ist January 1877 - 
Taste 78.—Increase and Decrease of the Militia between the trainings of 

1875 and 1876 - = - - 
Tasie 79.—Ages of the Recruits who joined the Militia during 1876 - - 


Page 


58 
59 


60 


61 


62 
63 
63 
64 
64 


68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
73 

74 
74 


TABLE OF CONTENTS, 


TABLE 80.—Effective Strength of the Militia Reserve at the date of the annual 
inspections during 1876 

TABLE 81.—Effective Strength of the Yeomanry Cavalry at the date of the 
annual inspections during 1876 - - 

TaBLe 82. —State of the Volunteer Force on the Ist Noventber 1876, 
showing the number in each of the military districts - 

TABLE 83.—State of the Volunteer Force on the Ist November 1876, 
showing the different arms of the service | - - 


From 1861 to 1877. 


Taste 84.—Effective Strength of the Army Reserve on the Ist of eens. 
in each year from 1861 to 1877 - 

TaBLEe 85.—Ages of the men belonging to the Agmy Reserve in 1873, 1875, 
1876, and 1877 - = 

TABLE 86.—Ages of men belonging to the Militia and the Militia Beet in 
1872, 1873, 1875, 1876, and 1877 “ 

TABLE 87. —Effective Strength of the Militia in each year from 1861 to 1876 

TasLE 88.—Effective Strength of the Yeomanry Coaky in each roe from 
1870 to 1876 - - 

Taste 89.—State of the Volunteer Force i in each year end 1863 to 187 6 - 


81 


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EFFECTIVES, ESTABLISHMENTS, AND DISTRIBUTION. 


Ph; eS es 


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2 EFFECTIVES, ESTABLISHMENTS, AND DISTRIBUTION. — 


TABLE 2,.—Errnctive Strenata of the Regular Army, by Ranks, on the 
first day of each month during the year 1876, and the average strength — 


during the year. 


Months.. 


lst January 1876 


1st February ,, 


ist March & 


ist April 7 
ist May ts 
1st June rh 
Ist July np 


Ist August 
ist September ,, 
1st October ,, 
Ist November ,, 


ist December ,, 


Average 
1876. 


during } 


ee 
i 


Att ARMs. 
Officers. pan Dunoon ie and | All Ranks. q 
| Farriers. | and Buglers. ale. 
Lit 
8,093 19,578 3,638 159,640 183,949 
8,163 12,629 3,632 160,094 184,518 
8,145 12,620 . 8,638 159,840 184,243 
8,174 12,574 3,685 159,357 183,740 
8,163 12,556 3,647 159,034 183,400 
8,185 12,538 8,629 | 158,877 183,179 
8,112 12,506 3,606 159,016 | 188,240 
8,083 12,486 3,617 159,513 183,699 
8,122 12,458 3,607 160,172 184,359 
8,189 12,491 3,683 160,717 185,030 
8,151 12,585 3,624 161,463 185,778 
8,160 '' 12,560 3,618 163,721 188,059 
| 97,690 150,531 43,524 1,921,444 | 2,218,189 . 
| —- ——_— —__ 
8,141 12,544 3,627 160,121 184,488 
ee Se 
176,292 : 


EFFECTIVES, ESTABLISHMENTS, AND DISTRIBUTION, 


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EFFECTIVES, ESTABLISHMENTS, AND DISTRIBUTIO 


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EFFECTIVES, ESTABLISHMENTS, AND DISTRIBUTION. 5 


Taste 5.—EFFectivE STRENGTH and EstasBLisHMENT of each arm of the 


service, in Rank and File, on the Ist January 1877, and the number 


supernumerary or required to complete the Establishment. 


Corps. 


Household Cavalry 
Cavalry of the Line 
Royal Horse Artillery 
Royal Artillery - 
Royal Engineers 

Foot Guards “= 
Infantry of the Line 
Colonial Corps - 
Army Service Corps 
Army Hospital Corps 


General Total 


Effectives. feet ise ete oe 
' complete. ries, 
1,018 1,029 11 — 
14,199 13,597 — 602 
4,854 4,781 =e 73, 
26,232 25,892 — 340 
4,181 4,162 ml 19 
5,155 5,250 95 = 
iat Bs 105,540 1,073 —— 
1,872 2,146 274 2 
2,501 2,506 5 — 
1,160 1,288 128 = 
—— en ee ——— ——a 
165,639 166,191 1,586 1,034 
+ K 63 


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EFFECTIVES, ESTABLISHMENTS, AND DISTRIBUTION, 
| 
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"S109 


EFFECTIVES, ESTABLISHMENTS, AND DISTRIBUTION. 9 


Taste 9.—Errective Srreneru on the Ist January in each year from 
1861 to 1877, showing the different ranks. 


Years. Officers. | 2 sees 5 hia alee re All Ranks. 
: and Buglers. » 

1861 9,246 12,792 4,115 201,015 227,168 

1862 9,306 12,444 4,154 189,968 215,872 

1863 10,551 13,708 4,500 194,022 222,781 

1864 10,777 13,425 4,564 188,025 216,791 

1865 10,797 13,432 4,592 185,147 213,968 

1866 10,807 13,282 4,536 176,731 205,356 

1867 ~ 10,619 13,146 4,443 172,079 200,287 

; 1868 10,463 13,142 4,396 172,014 200,015 
1869 10,308 13,135 4,412 167,751 195,606 
1870 10,116 12,820 4,361 157,017 184,314 

1871 9,426 12,456 4,070 161,794 187,746 

1872 9,052 12,632 4,003 166,985 192,672 

1873 8,847 12,531 3,770 166,267 191,415 

1874 *8,298 12,567 3,691 162,079 186,635 

1875 8,156 12,485 3,643 162,148 186,432 

1876 8,093 12,578 3,638 159,640 183,949 

! 1877 8,140 12,618 3,618 165,639 190,015 


“g * Medical Officers were struck off the effective strength of regiments on 
1st November 1873. 


Taster 10 (lieadnens, EsTABLISHMENTS, and number wanting to com- 


plete or supernumerary, in Rank and File, on the 1st January in each year 
from 1861 to 1877. 


Years. Effectives. | Establishments. Ais Supernumerary. 
1861 201,015 202,040 1,025 — 
1862 189,968 194,271 4,303 = 

| 1863 194,022 197,089 3,067 _ 
1864 188,025 192,153 4,128 css 
1865 185,147 190,062 4,915 —— 
1866 176,731 182,468 5,737 a 
1867 172,079 173,995 1,916 = 
1868 172,014 172,633 619 = 
1869 167,751 171,029 3,278 — 
1870 157,017 161,150 4,133 — 
1871 161,794 ~ 171,074 9,280 — 
1872 166,985 170,029 3,044 —= 
1873 166,267 169,395 3,128 = 
1874 162,079 161,031 _— 1,048 
1875 162,148 160,929 — 1,219 
1876 159,640 160,537 897 = 
‘1877 165,639 166,191 552 oo 


RECRUITING AND CASUALTIES. | 


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RECRUITING AND CASUALTIES. 


13 


TaBie 13 (continued)—Recrutts raised in Recruiting Districts and 


Sub-Districts during 1876. 


District or Sub- 
District 
| and Station. 


_ 


. Neweastle-on- 
Tyne. 
2. Carlisle - - 
8. Sunderland - 
4, Richmond 
(Yorks). 
5. Beverley - - 
6. York - - 
7. Doncaster - 
8. Doncaster - 
9. Halifax - 
0. Bradford, Yorks 
1. Preston - 
. Preston - 
. Liverpool - 
. Liverpool - 
. Burnley - 
. Ashton - under - 
Lyne. 
. Bury (Lancash.) 
. Chester - - 
- Lichfield - 
. Lichfield - 
. Shrewsbury - 
- Worcester - 
. Wrexham - 
. Cardiff 
. Brecon - - 
. Derby - - 
. Leicester = 
. Warwick - 
. Northampton - 
. Lincoln 
. Great Tarski. 
. Bury St. Ed- 
munds. 
. Bedford - 
. Exeter - - 
. Devonport - 
. Taunton - 
37. Bristol - = 
38. Devizes = 
39. Weymouth - 
40. Fort Elson - 
41. Reading = 
42. Oxford - 
43. Chichester = 
44, Warley - 
45. Canterbury - 
46. Maidstone = 
47. Kingston-on- 
| _ Thames. ; 
48. Guildford = 
49, Woolwich. - 
50. Woolwich = 


Passed into the Passed into the 
Service. ae Service. 
Es District or Sub- : 
For the District For th> 
Total /Brigadeand and Station. Total |Brigadeand 
included in included in 
for the foregoing for the foregoinz 
Army. column. Army. column. 
246 132 52. 
5 3. Winchester - — —_— 
80 27 34. 
627 159 ne KF Geax 
115 94 55. Fort George - 34 30 
56. Aberdeen - 82 69 
é 57. Perth = = 110 7 
oe a 58. Stirling = 178 135 
240 178 59. Paisley - 309 167 
135 70 60. Hamilton - 852 103 
191 5 61. Ayr - - 156 115 
279 207 62. Greenlaw - 344 46 
90 “BL 5. Belfast < 506 144 
519 238 64. Omagh - 136 92 
51G 160 65. Armagh - 277 138 
255 94 66. Naas - - 393 155 
400 289 67. Birr - - 108 85 
640 - 230 68. Galway - 173 155 
69. Clonmel - 266 155 
521 166 70. Tralee - - 223 123 
194 117 éj zy (i 
559 294 ernie ES Infantry.) 6898 | - 8,709 
535 196 ub-Districts cl ee I Bis 
He nee } Liverpool - 210 — 
88 71 #2 | York - 100 — 
259 156 -3 | Colchester - 53 — 
247 183 @ | Plymouth - 20 = 
295 185 Q | Bristol - - 123 as 
; r2 } Wimborne 33 = 
692 361 3 
406 969 || 2 Dover pas - 55 oe 
9253 9202 b | Woolwich - — — 
133 56 | Edinburgh - 155 i 
213 168 z Aberdeen - 103 =— 
242 122 Dublin - - 44 — 
z LCork  - = 24 Js 
189 91 ; ; : a eee ee i ae 
163 126 Leet # Antillery 920 Sy 
75 57 ub-Districts - Ap oy 
oe a Cavalry f York = — — 
171 101 Districts | Aldershot 1 = 
a a Total in Cavalry 
247 110 pas 1 ae 
246 142 Districts - Ea pe Se 
me os Recruiting { London 4,595 a 
117 84 Districts | Dublin - 428 — 
oe wt Total in Recruiting 
145 127 Wisted 8 5,023 a 
199 86 istricts Salis As mesa 
At Headquarters of 
2 
ef ae Regiments - icone Pa 
ill 28 
General Total - | 29,116 8,709 


N.B.—The Sub-Districts which are bracketed are grouped together for recruiting pur- 
poses, and the numbers shown are the recruits obtained by the agencies under the orders of 
the officers commanding the respective Sub-Districts. 


RECRUITING AND CASUALTIES, 


8986S 659°. 


8I 9 
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TABLE 19,—TRansrers from the Regular Army to the First Class 
Army Reserve during 1876. 


19 


Transfers from 
Services. 
Foot | fantry | Army | Army 
Guards of the | Service | Hospital| ‘Total. 
Line. Corps. | Corps. 

After 3 years - = — 45 — — [45 
After 4 years - - = — 17 _ = 17 
After 5 years ~ - ~ _ 33 3 os 36 
After 6 years - ae ae 34 480 23 10 547 
After Tyears - - 3 — 17 2 — 19 
After 8 a - - - _ 18 4 a 22 
After 9 years - - - _ 10 1 _— 11 
After 10 years - - = — 4 = = 4 
After 11 years - 3 - 5 = — 5 
After 12 years - - - — = — = e— 
After 13 years = - - _ 1 — — 1 
After 14 years - - = _— a = as sae 
After 15 years - - = - : - - uaa = =. 2 
After 16 years - . - — cS _ _ — 
After 17 years - « - — — =a Sas 
Service not stated mies win oe = _ 3 — —_ 3 
‘Total. ‘em om 34 635 a 33 10 712 

So gig aedeagal eae 34 457 23 1o | 524 
On conversion of Army Service - = 175 10 — 185 
Pervize not stated - - _— 3 — — 3 
‘Total as above - ~ 84 6385 33 10 712 


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RECRUITING AND CASUALTIES. 27 


TABLE 26.—RxETURN showing’ the proportion of Drsertions from the ARMY 
to the Recruits joined as reported during each year from 1861 to 1876. 


cc Per-centage of 
Year. staat Desertions. Deserters 
‘ to Recruits. 


1861 2 e 10,918 4,559 41 
iy | ie 8,814 2,895 32 
1863 ; 4 11,744 2,971 25 
Vegans eet hy 16,323 3,079 18 
1865 es “ 14,480 3,519 24 
ee a ee 15,277 |. _—_3,588 23 
1867 . : 19,453 3,449 17 
fenee lo) lon We 17,060 3,011 17 ; 
1869 e ‘ 12,020 | . 3,341 27 
1870 z Ss 24,594 3,171 12 
Bey ihe 25, gh od 23,568 4,558 19 
1872 ‘ 17,791 5,861 33 
TC ea ei - 17,194 5,702 33 
1874 i 2 20,640 5,572 27 
7 18,494 4,382 24 
1876 B s 29,370 4,878 17 
Se a 277,690" 64,526 23 


N.B.—The small per-centage of desertions during 1870 is accounted for by the fact that 
the majority of the recruits were raised during the latter part of the year. As deserters 
were not struck off the strength of regiments until after an absence of two months, in 
many cases they would not be reported till the subsequent year. 

The heavy per-centage during 1861 is due to the large number of recruits obtained during 
the preceding year. 

By General Order 7 of 1872 the period of absence after which a soldier is struck off the 
strength of his regiment as a deserter was reduced from two months to 21 days. 


RECRUITING AND CASUALTIES, 


28 


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FOREIGN RELIEFS AND RE-INFORCEMENTS, 


30 


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COURTS-MARTIAL, CRIMES, AND PUNISHMENTS. 


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35 


. COURTS-MARTIAL, CRIMES, AND PUNISHMENTS. 


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36 


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38. 


COURTS-MARTIAL, CRIMES, AND PUNISHMENTS. 


Taste 35.—Noumpur of Minor PuntsaMenrs, including Fines for Drunken- 
ness, inflicted by order of Commanding Officers, in each arm of the 
service, at home and abroad, during 1876. 


Corps. 


Household Cavalry - 
Cavalry of the Line 
Royal Artillery - = 
Royal Bagtieers - 
Foot Guards - = 
Infantry of the Line 
Colonial Corps - = 


Army Service Corps =. 


Army Hospital Corps - 
Total - - 


Home. . | Abroad. | Total: 
884 L, 884 
16,642 2,391 19,033 
29,536 14,550 44,086 
3,891 2,030 5,921 
-40;1267—}- buts 10,124 
99,608 67,867 167,470 
Ly 4,674 4,674 
1,958 61 2,014 
905 120 1,025 
163,538 91,698 | 255,281. 


ee 


TaB_e 36.—Numser of Men tried by Court-Marrtat in 1865, and in 
each year from 1872 to 1876, and the total number of trials. 


YEAR. 


Once. 


1865 16,026 
1872 10,115 
1873 10,688 
1874 10,995 
1875 10,896 
1876 10,864 


Twice. 


Number of men tried. 


Three | Four 
times. | times. 


Five 
times. 


374 34 4 
271 40 2 
152 14 — 
, ‘170 22 1 
134 — 13 1 
125 11 — 


Six 
times. 


Number 
of 
Total trials. 
Men 
18,590 21,612 
12,024 14,290 
11,997 | 18,491 
12,419 14,060 
12,217 13,701 
12,187 18,657 


39 


COURTS-MARTIAL, CRIMES, AND PUNISHMENTS. 


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40 


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43 


COURTS-MARTIAL, CRIMES, AND PUNISHMENTS. 


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44, 


COURTS-MARTIAL, CRIMES, AND PUNISHMENTS. 


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- REWARDS AND SERVICES. 


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uss | — |8 ty 6\te | 4h |06 | 29 |26.|9e |se-| or’ | | sx | oro | cot | ser | 90g | Is¢ | sse | ces | Gze | 98% | 09 |- Axortaty Tehoy 
“‘SHINOTOD AHL NT 
+46826| 19 | THE‘L| So¥‘S| 086%} 411'9| S9g's| L20°S| OOLT| SSL] OGL] L24°L] Z80°L] TOS‘L| FST's| TSS | GFE's | OLFT| 6LF'S| OIL'S) 6LO'S| 960°4| 2966 | O9F'Fs) - 180, 
et | — | sa jes [er [se |or |on lee jes jog |2¢ {93 |e¢ |er |90 | 4 | 68 | sa | set | 46 | 90% | OF — |sdx0p Teytdsoy Auty 
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193°2¢| 19 ~ | ger | 9it‘t] zes‘t] soz’e| ezz's| oxz't| 00, | 219 | $64 | Ser'x| 168 | G18 | GFO'L| OSFT| STOL| s86L| EG4°s| SF9°| 289°! LFS"S | GLO'S | LEL*PT| CULT OUy Jo AtgUEyTT 
1199 | — |06 | 82 |66 | StL |-zor | got | sit |16 |69 | 24 |68 |%6 | 986 | 6k | Seo | SF | LIP | 98 | G9G | OVP | BAG | OIGT|- - SpxENy 4007 
eee | — | set | 6s |ze | mt |98 | por | 16 | 84 |o08 | or | 99 | oat | act | gst | 2x | 493 | 902 | OPE | SPL | G96 | 68E | 929 |- sdoouLsugl [eAoy 
zov'st| — | Zee | g09 | Gu | eco | Tc9 | os¢ | ge | 08 | G0 | S8t | 9 | SIE | GIF | FLE | OTS | OTL | ZOOT| FIS | ¥86 | SPs] Es0%| Zer's|-  AroTTTy Tekowy 
#eozt| — | mL | soz | Fes | oes | cee | oes |98 | zat | sot | att | se | e9o | ely | Oe | ee | Ic9 | 489 | 4eL | 64 | OTT] Leg'T| SFIS | - eUNT O49 Jo ArpeALD 
ost. | — |9o [et |at |ss |9s |os |e ler |ee |es log |T4 |e9 |ro | 88 | 88 | 89 |e, | 84. | 88 | SOL | 9FL | - Sz7BARO proyosnoH 
. ‘anoy LY 
alg |Fo|8/8|/e)/8 |e /e)/8]/e( 8) 8) Ss] elaels|a}al a | a} we] & | ee 
Sissi sa tS |. sts ee as |S es LS eee ee ee eos ee eee ae *sd209 
ceneait AMM sie tam Me Pet aD = ce Ser PP es) a 


*CIPUT UL pue ‘sorM0[O*D oY} Ur ‘oMOF] 4B : 
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SHOIAMHS ANV SCUVMAd—A LAVd 


_REWARDS AND SERVIOES. — 


| 
a 
= 


46 


SLOT| 6S) 69% 


SLOT| GPSS) 198° 


= ale ie 


*VIGNI NT 


6LIT 


“sMOT#IpUOd TwIoods LepuN poyst[Uo UOTsED 4v suboseT UND » 


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SOP | ZOP‘ST 


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© 


‘SHINOTOO THD NT 


‘OLST JO VW quowyslUM AUIW oY} 1opuN ao2awag 2.coys) 


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IO} PO4ST[US O.10M OAL 


< 


820°68 | 998°C] G99} ZEr'S| L80% 
Bes | 93 | sit | 94 | #8 
e4p |ss |18 |e | & 
682°9G | S66°L | T6I'Z| 821s | OTLS 
OPS | SLB | S1e | LOL | gz 
sLort | — | — | — | 99r 
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is) 4O;}we ee ee 
& |83/8s)Se)| Se 
183 | fa] de | be 
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LLSt Avenue ps 
-UON OY} JO SHOIAMAG ISVG—'gpP aTavy, 


A TP40\], [eto 

_ sdaog [eqidsopy Auury 
981 sdiog aoragog Au 
= ae ad6g [BIUOTOD. 
ourTy ou} yo Arquvyuy 
696 - spreny yoo 
Zo - saooulsugy [eo 
1198 = AWOTPHIV [AO 
9£9T. oury ot} Jo AIpCAH 
_ AaTVABO) proyosnoyy 

eo *sd.t0g 

4ST 9} UO 


47 


“‘SUOT4IpUOd [woods Aopun poystjue uopsay 4v stvoseT uny tf 
“SOTO OY} PUB LIPUT Woy PUB OF OSessed UO SJuOUIIZeI Sulpnyouy y 


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cust cao] 8086S | GOL'9S| OTS] FS | GIF. | 9PG9S| 9T0‘er| 199%] g96 | sos | 20% oss 96rF| 908% 261 oo) St 11 — | 9 
PLUGS | S60'T] CETL] LEVI] Tig | 29 | 66 | THs‘ea| Geo'sT| Ser] Soe | ers | Gos‘zc| GEz‘os| Sos'T| 09 | ces FL g —|—|% 
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ae oss ay phe ae Bete hr = Seed allie aS es BAC ag AG 2 “Tee Pe RPE cube aie aS 
OssIE | — | Lz eh id — | — | ces | Ls | ecy | og | gag | geo | erro | top | cer | vIs FT —|—-—|]—-— |t1 
Te | sco | cor | 19r — | — |ssst | cre | 06 |er | cos f Pros | oes | ce | ee | Is FT —-}—}]—|t 
if 
POSS | Ge | srEs | 998%, 6LI% | Ih | SEL | OPI | SOT‘OL| op98 | set | Gre | ese fe i T ig 
G — Jos ra wm fet | — [ew fom [ee ler jae J — P= | j=) Sp HS 
oO —|s L L 9 — |% SL 6g TZ — | st Sie lee eee 
= 79 ERT €I ogee | se [It | 86 Boor | per. | 98 | 88 | op FT I —-|- 
> Sip | 9so’s | 245° 0966 | G4 | SIL | 0z4 | S84 | Of0% | TIS | 96 | 900 FT —-/—-}]—- 
I — }19 19 OL | ge — | <or 968 | 6r4 | Sit | 46 | Te =.=) - | = f= 
a — [ext | sr sig | op |9 OPE | 19% | tees | A4E | Te | oh FT — |r —}- 
Q 
* Za 1 
4 «46826 | TS | 8a0°6S| BES‘LE| SETL| GGL | S8q } FESZS| SES‘ST| S92] eer ’| OELZ°e | seotos| cLFes] Cec's!| FRET — |1% 
a GlIT | — | ess | 86s | 6L —l¢ reo | wee | GLE | — | grt FOL | oh — Lael pase 
| oss | -- fer | oor | LT — 1% SHOT | zo | GOL | Z egg TS0L | OAT | TZ — | — 
e Les'eg | 19 | 68°93} GIT‘Ss| SIOL] O6t | 894 | S80°OT| SPFIT| LPFT| coe | 629s FI6L | SL4-| LOL - 19 
Re Liga | = | oFe% | ore% | 8 | Z 8 606'T | 948 | 89. | | SF PELT | SB | TOT —|t 
a esos | — | cor | ToT | — | T — | scot | esr | 99t | @ FOF POLL | £42 | 6g = 
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Fa, FOCL | — | 66S | 916°C | ST T z Te9°S | 9S4'T | 66L | 03 | 919 LVS | 8h) | LET aes 
LOB'T. ee _ Cm La) Pe Say fae Was me es 98 Tes — | 06 — 1S 
mR 
fee |2 4) Se te et a ere ee ylelglelatelelyl¢g 
Be eee eee ee el ee /EiEIE ele lele 
5 2 a 5 sf a 5 8 x Be 
3 Bae oe P| Ela | fe lect e Plea | é 
Bc ee E 
“DIALOG 410g “WOT pesesuo-oy *(PoLleg 4ST) SolAIeg Su] 


i) 


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‘181 Axenue P IST 04} UO suIIe yuOZEgTp oY} 


*soTUO[OD OY} UI puv “eipuy ut ‘ouoFy ye 


"OOIMIOg poy], 


Bet: ene 


Teyoy, [Brouey 


=F Teton; 


eUuYT ey9 Jo Ayuvyay 

= SloouIsug [eAOY 
= Avot Ly [esoy 
ourry oyy Jo AIPRAuDH 


“VIGNT NJ 


- —-[RIOT, 


Sd10g [eydsoR Auary 
sdai0p s01ateg AU 

- Sdaop [eMopoD 
eury ey jo Agueyuy 
= siooulsug [eAoyy 

- — AratT.ty [eA 


“SHINOTOD DHL NT 


~ —-[eq0g, 


sdiop [eyidsoy Auary 
wae edlAIeg AULIY 
eury og Jo AIguesuy 
= Spreng 4007 

- sleoulsug [esoy 
- Arord.ty eho 
uly o43 Jo AryeaBg 
AI[BABD PlOYOsno yy 


‘a0 LY 


- 


JO DOP, PUB S1OOBFOQ POUOISSIUMIO)-UONT OY} JO LNANUSVONY JO SHAa TL —Sp DIAV], 


48 “REWARDS AND SERVICES. | . i 


7 
oo 


of 


Taste 44.—Numser of Men serving on the Ist January 1877 who were in- 
possession of Goop Conpuct Mrpats, showing the different ranks, 
and the number in each arm of the service. 


Medals and Gratuities. 


Ee} 
Medals ‘ EI Medals without 
Corps. _ and 5 33 Pr - 4 
Annuities] @¢ | 22 | BSg | Total, | Gratuities 
£2 es | sds 
Sh 6g ese 
Be |e BE ob EA 
Household Cavalry - - 27 _- 61 88 Under the re- 
r visedregulations 
Cavalry ofthe Line - -~— - 231 44 305 580 a gratuity has 
been awarded 
Royal Artillery - - - 888 105 506 999 to the whole of 
the men pre- 
Royal Engineers 5 ee a 145 30 74 249 viously in pos- 
session of the 
Foot Guards - - - 33 4 58 90 medal without 
: gratuity. 
Infantry of the Line - - - 654 114 1,162 1,930 
Colonial Corps - . - tS) 2 12 
Army Service Corps - - = - 57 11 80 
Army Hospital Corps - - 68 82 20 120 
for Rasta 8 MUR i Bia ae ROL ER ae 
General Total - + - 1,612 842 2,293" | 4,177 — 


TasLe 45,—NumBer of MEN serving on the Ist January 1877 who were in 
possession of Goop Conpuct Bapers, showing the different arms of the 
service, and the number of badges. 


Corps. pone bales pee. eee Baek patos Total. 
Household Cavalry - - 249 "" 953 ¥ 288. 67 383 il 691 
Cavalry of the Line - -| 3,359 2,204 864 1,030 40 2 7,499 
Royal Artillery ci -| 7726 | 4,396 2,400 1,776 193 2 | 16,498 
Royal Engineers - =| 1,084 _ 843 814 261 87 1 2,540 
FootGuards - + -| 988 524 216 258 | (22 1 | 2,009 
Infantry of the Line - - | 22,878 | 15,383 7,010 5,563 97 2 | 50,878 
Colonial Corps ‘3 . 454 246 65 33 es, — 805 
Army Service Corps o 559 497 194 258 il - 1,519 
Army Hospital Corps - 416 166 | / 1388 242 49 —_ 1,011 
| General Total - 87,708 24,461 11,290 "9,488 489 9 83,445 


REWARDS AND SERVICES. 


49 


‘TABLE 46.—COMPARATIVE statement of the Past Services of the Non- 
Commissioned Officers and Men on the Ist January 1865, and 
in each year from 1873 to 1877. 


Past 


Services. 


Under 1 year 
lto 2 years 


2to 38 
3to 4 
4to 5 
5 to 6 
§to 7 
7 to 8 
S09 
9 to 10 
10 to 11 
11 to 12 
12 to 13 
13 to 14 
14 to 15 
15 to 16 
16 to 17 
17 to 18 
18 to 19 
19 to 20 
20 to 21 
Over 21 


Not reported 


Total 


Under 1 year 
1 to 2 years 


2to 3 
3to 5 
5 to 11 
11 to 16 
Over 16 


” 


” 


» 


” 


» 


B 836, 


/ 


Eiffectives. 


Ist Jan Ist Jan.| Ist Jan.| Ist Jan. | Ist Jan. | Ist Jan. 
1865 1873. | 1874. | 1875. 1876. 1877. 
14,505 17,109 | 14,336 | 18,981 | 16,530 | 26,418 

9,119 19,784 | 13,595 | 13,061 | 15,104 | 14,063 
9,116 17,297 | 17,279 | 12,451,] 11,699 | 14,609 
f| 11,859 | 17,108 ; 15,020 | 11,825 | 11,017 

29,128 
10,800 | 9,069 | 16,701 | 14,297 | 11,294 
10,129 | 9,532 | 7,924 | 15,858 | 18,919 

45,072 
8,168 | 10,179 | 9,446 | 7,726 13,133 
(| 8,184 | 7,764} 9,421] 8,710 6,672 
7,260 7,213 6,894 | 8,615 8,109 

52,249 
j 5,448 | 7,035 | 6,894 | 6,787 7,803 
4,481 | 4,584 | (4,847 | 4,557 4,985 
5,892 | 3,552 | 3,894] 4,584 3,994 
} 11,187 4} 8389 4,610] 2,791 | 3,118 3,976 
9,114 |} 6,999 | 3,838 | 2,660 2,960 
11,590 | 8,818 | 6,399] 3,688 2,321 

5,688 
5,745 | 11,841] 7,912 | 6,122 3,322 
[ 5,044 | 6,390 | 10,301 Viel 5,546 
6,659 | 4,885 | 5,928 | 9,786 6,719 

11,582 
4,084 | 6,259 | 3,915 | 5,640 9,194 
2,125 | 4,147 | 5,868 | 3,291 5,096 
1,582 | 2,182 | 4,040 | 5,362 3,214 

4,298 
Wes 123) | OT4a lt, 15739 1,886 
115277 eZ | LeSane| 1,676) be 1448 1,625 
203,171 | 182,568 | 178,337 |178,276 |175,856 | 181,875 

Proportion per 1,000 men. 

76 94 81 107 94 147 
48 109 77 74. 87 78 
“ey 95 98 71 67 81 
152 122 148 180 150 124 
507 241 261 254 297 308 
88 225 197 141 116 92 
82 114 138 173 189 175 


ICES. 


oss 


G8eG 


“squvolieg 


ais‘tgt} ezo'r| sog'es | ¢oz'9%| ost] rze | Gor Jorc‘os| 910° | 199%| ¢96 | ross | Pse'e9 9ge'pe | 96r'P | 908% 
998°CLT] SPF] F20SF | 66S | LZST| BOS | SLs | ¥E8°09| cueGr| oes] FZ0'T| Se9°6 | SErTL | ST8'T9| T29%| Los 
\ ; 
\s 
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if 
( 
& X\ 
& t > 
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A | 
| | 
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mM 2 | 
Q 
lan 
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Be We ee es Se oe PP eiees re eee ae ge ete 
> 18 Bigs (C8 Peak me pebel ele bal Boke | 8h Bil o8 
“POTALOG 40S “HOY, posesuo-oyy “(pOLteg 4sT) eotAreg Su0T 


50 


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$¢ 


0s 


96 


SOT 


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"= LIST Sueur pe 4ST. ‘ 


OST ATeNUBE 4ST 


a : 


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GIST Arenuee 4st 


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PST ALenuUel ost 


S181 Avenue pe 4ST. 


“oye 


51 


REWARDS AND SERVICES. 


OL8T oun pug jo yuvIIE AA TeAox Aq postdocs o10M AUT JONPUOD Pooy Jo onsst oy} 1OF suoye[nser oY.— AN 
“soSpeq WAAIS YIM UVUL OO SUIPNOUT » 


SPV'E8 6 687 8876 068‘TT 1946S 80L‘L8 aris ‘ List Arenmep ast | 
€96°S8 eI 918 18s‘s - O16‘SI 169°GS 9F1‘OF = ‘- - QL8T ArenUuee 4ST A 
164°98 ial 661 960'8 6L6°F1 0g0'es e7SOF E z g1st Avenue IST 
GTZ‘es 8 SIZ g8r‘9 LET‘L1 9816S P89 TP : : > - FL8T Arenuer asT 
T1¥‘98 91 ¥8S 868°F SLe‘sI BSL°GS 886°6E = = - eLgt Arenuee 4ST 
19662 COT GIL FS1‘e GZ8‘OT 109°6% 108‘¥é c= = = OLST Arenuee 4ST 
“TRIO, ‘sospeg ‘sospeg ‘sospeg *sospeg ‘sospeg ospeg rt 
xIg OAL mog oar, OAT, auQ 


| ice RNY aaa ei Pilea ret sg ys ee eR BO ee ee 


"LIST %%F E181 Wor rvak yous 
UL pue Q/gT LrenUee IST OY} UO SHPAVG LONGNOZ GOON jo uorssossod ul usu jo JoqUINU TAILVAVAWOQ— 6h TTFVL, 


*PpoNUT}WOOSIp SVM SOTMyBID) 


ee al ie aed SO Male en eee Me ey ee ee eee SS SS SS a TRE eh 
; Ff 


Bae = = os LLUG SEES GPs elo tT 6 = - L181 Srenuee 4ST 
10g LST ST 96 681°T 6LS +8 98S Z = = 9181 Avenue le 4ST 
GIy, 5 $6 61 901 9eF'T 689 18 199 6 = - G1gt Avenue 4ST 
are 08 $B 66 99F'T 049 86 869 8 Sak aes - 1st Avenue 3ST 
acts 806 SZ 96 G1e‘T L8G e8 G69 8 Be fr - e181 Arenuee 4sT 


sae ‘sIoIprequiog| ‘*siaLtreT Poet ‘SIoTprequiog) “STOTATe | 
TOL ‘ pue pue "aio | pue pue 
STOUT, : SLOT. “sorpIMUny 
P ‘sxoyodumn gy, syeroda10g syuvolieg ‘saoyoduma, sperodiog | sjuvefieg iss ‘aqecr 
STepey 
*SOTITNYVID) JNOTIIA STepoPL *sol]THyeIy) PUL STepayL 


Seen 
“LLST 02 LET Wosz 180k yore 
ur ArTeNUEe 4ST OT} UO STVATT LOAAGNOD GOON Jo worssossod ur ueUr JO JOQuINU HAILVAVAINO)— Sp TIAL 


52 AGES, HEIGHTS, AND CHEST MEASUREMENTS. 


Tasie 50.—Acszs of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men on the 
. showing the different. 


PART VL—AGES, HEIGHTS, 


DM 
ss is n 5 . e = . . . : . . 
Corps. Say 84 RS |) a aR Pe ee ee 
=) 2 ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 
4 i a a a a a a a a a 
At Home: ss | 
Household Cavalry -| 14} 19]- 497-68] 101] 74] 76] 93] 51] 64] 63] 42 
Cavalry of the Line - | 224 | 506 |1,001 | 1,147 999 | 1,029 941 | $47) 630] 538} 449 | 3904 
Royal Artillery - | 228 | 462 |1,286 | 2,254 | 1,842 | 1,411 | 1,198 | 1,287 11,126 | 904] 723 | 561 
Royal Engineers -| 124} 122) 218 218 220 219 212 | 251} 227 | 179) 182 |} 180 
Foot Guards = -| 183} 287] 408 465 417 A416 429 | 481 | 8838 | 294] 241 | 212 
Infantry of the Line /1,380 | 4,660 | 5,451 | 4,512) 8.748 | 3,392 8,076 | 2,881 | 2,204 | 1,843 | 1,702 | 1,343 
Army Service Corps - 46} 110} 151 144 114 160 159 | 239) 181 | 150 | 147 | 128 
Army Hospital Corps | — 20 71 59 52 43 44 68.| 80] 738} 70 56 
Total - ~ |2,144 |6,186 | 8,635 | 8,867 | 6,993 | 6,744 | 6,130 | 6,142 | 4,882 | 4,045 | 3,527 | 2,896 
IN THE COLONIES: : 
Royal Artillery - 31 97 | 163 195 223) 260 873. | 301 | 287| S816] 214] 143 
Royal Engineers - 23 6 8 24 45 62 81 88 87} 99 104 "9 
Infantry of the Line 226 | 802 | 753 | 1,807 | 1,477 | 1,544 | 1,588 41,765 | 1,398 |1,023 | 807 | 611 
Colonial Corps - 27 60 78 114 129 146 166 | 194] 184] 185] 116) 103 
Army Service Corps- | — -_- A. — _ 4 7 17 19 10 6 10 
Army Hospital Corps} — | — ue 5 18 10 10] 13 |. 14] 18) 549 
Total - =| 807 | 465 |1,005 | 1,645 | 1,892 | 2,026 | 2,225 |2,378 | 1,986 | 1,647 |1,265 | 958 
Ty INDIA: 
‘Cavalry of the Line - 14 10 24 83. 117 146 269 | 821 | 3804] 255 | 286] 208 
Royal Artillery be 50 s2} 189] 406 542 583 803 | 872} 810] 802] 860; 4720 
Royal Engineers -| — _— — — — a _ — — _ — — 
Infantry of the Line 822 | 210} 511 | 1,511 |] 9185 | 2,526 | 3,068 | 4,179 | 3,817 | 8,287 | 2,779 | 2,428 
Total « -| 886} 3802] 724] 2,000 | 2,844 | 3,255 | 4,185 5,372 4,981 | 4,294 | 3,875 | 3,356 _ 
General Total - | 2,837 | 6,953 |10,364| 12,512 | 11,729 | 12,025 | 12,490 | 18,892) 11,799) 9,986 | 8,667 | 7,210 
f “ 
Proportion per 1,000 | 16] 39}; 58/ 69| o5| 67| 69| v7| o5| be} 48) 40] 


. 


AGES, HEIGHTS, AND CHEST MEASUREMENTS. 


AND CHEST MEASUREMENTS. 


Ist J anuary 1877, at Home, in India, and in the Colonies, respectively, 
arms of the service. 


53 


=I 

Or « . 
S by 3 8 eo | 8 | 8 | 8/8 /8)5 | & |} ee a Total. 

Peer were) Ss |} etsy sls) @ |e | 2 pee hs 

Bee eel) 6.) Ss fa) 2 |) 8 1s} eal se fe iy 
ta} bo} 3s7| 49) 384| 32] 37) 27| 95} J9| 2a] zo] 8] — |’ 1,207 
304| 279] 240] 196] 188] 1653] 202! 856] 398| 302} 265] 414| — | — | 12,054 
472| sis| 320| 403| 426| 335| 412| 506| 4e1| 453) 551] 818] 10| — | 189,502 
120] 147] 311| 92] 92] 94] 84] ss] 100| 83] 116] 250) 1| — | 3,639 
169) 171] 120] 106] 131| 99| 119} 121] 88| 99| 73| 155} 10) — | 5,17 
1,246 | 1,207 | 1,014| 885} 904 |1,204 | 1,579 | 1,990 |1,896 | 1,521 |1,176 |1,963 | 29 | 51] 52,957 
sa|  s2| 77| 43] sel ss! se] 92] 191] 114] 93) 208) 8| — | 2,949 
$5| “401 88 | sy) 45) 48} 407) 881. 49| 92] 50) 89} 12) — | 1a79 
2,484 | 2,494 | 1,957 | 1,811 |1,826 | 2,106 | 2,529 |3,218 | 3,138 | 2,753 |2,845 |3,921| 73 51| 97,807" 
116 |= 109) 105}. 73| ei}. 72} os) se] o@| 68| zo} si} — | — | 3511 
Sey) ea) bs) Gl| ss} sa s2] 381 96| 24) 26| 40) '’— |°—*| tesa 
504| 484| 392 917] 238] 250] sg0| s12| 527) 826- 196] 415] 21 415) 17,602 
ml) we} 66| 43| 85| 40| ss] s2| 24| 25) 11] 38) — | cat 2,008 
14 6 4 Innes rime WA SPEED) hee pa }ch-m gupta pac 151 
ap eeetosne tal) brett e wet ibeh  ml 8 Bde Bf | 243 
803 | 770) 562| 4041 s93| 428} 548| 649) 650} 448] 208| 562| 2) 479) 24,804 
iss} 161| 106| 117] 99| 75} 971 146| 150|-196] 92] 195] — | 252] 3,711 
521| 470] 438| 469| 423| 510| 498/ 401| 898| 342] 346| s59| 1] — | 11,820 
= a eel ce eee ae reas ie elle 2 
1,980 | 1,828 | 1,491 | 1,163 |1,016 | 1,100 | 1,351 | 1,716 |1,425 ) 958] 728 |1,251| 23] s43| 43,641 
2,689 | 2,459 | 2,085 | 1,749 | 1,528 |1,685 | 1,871 | 2,263 | 1,974 |1,426 |1,166 |1,736 | 24 |1,095 | 59,174 

| 
5,976 | 5,723 | 4,554 | 3,964 |3,737 | 4,219 | 4,948'| 6,180 | 5,771 | 4,627 | 3,819 |6,219 | 99 | 1,625 | 181,875 

UY 

33| 32] 25| 22] 21] 293] 97] 384] 32] 26] 21 35 — | 1,000 


* Including regiments on passage to and from India and the Colonies, 
t Including a company of Gun Lascars at Hong Kong. 


AGES, HEIGHTS, AND CHEST MEASUREMENTS. 


54 


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56 AGES, HEIGHTS, AND CHEST MEASUREMENTS. 


TABLE 53.—ComMPARATIVE statement of the Acus of the Non-Commissioned 
Officers and Men serving in 1866, and in each year from 1871 to 1877. 


Proportion per 1,000 men. 
Years 4 ig Ro ag B of 8 Sos a 
Zeles|ssi/os|ss|ss} ss ee 
po laS lien | onleh | ob mnt s 
1 a = nN N or) on) ~ 
\ceenmiene AES j 7 
1866 Cavalry of the Line -| 14 80 304 | 369 | 148 57 28 
Infantry of the Line - | 18 115 275 | 356 | 151 74 11 
1871 = - - 29 76 85 273 217 206 94 20 
1873 - - - 20 49 | 86 317 208 191 107 22 
1874 - - - - 16 35 61 332 221 180 127 28 
1875 | - aes ear 17 30 50 343 220 156 149 35 
1876 - = - 17 29 51 341 | 233 135 152 42 
1877. - - - -| 16 39 58 | 347 | 242 | 123 | 140 35 
Abstract of the foregoing numbers. 
Under 20 years, |20to 30 years.| Over 30 years. 
1866{ Cavalry of the Line - 94 673 233 ; 
Infantry of the Line - 133 ~ 631 236 
1871 - - - 190 490 320 
1873 - = = - 155 525 320 
1874 - - - 112 553 335 
1875 - = - 97 563 340 
1876 = = - 97 574 329 
eh : 5 113 589 298 


Taste 54.—ComParative statement of the Heicurs of the Non-Commis- 
sioned Officers and Men serving in 1866, and in each year from 1873 to 1877. 


Proportiow per 1,000 men. 


2 S,/28,)84 /2e/8e)/eel/2 |e 
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=) in | an | ae ae ge) ee | ee lee © 
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al 
ies 2" the }10 26 | 101 | 285 | 250 | 169 | 97 | 46 | 16 
pa Infantry of.the 
ie i 95 173 223 189 138 88 54 23 17 
1873 - » S 69 143 200 206 162 106 62 31 21 
1874 - - = 62 138 196 206 168 113 63 32 22 
1875 - = 12.65 135 >| 203 205 164 110 63 33 22 
1876 - - -| 68 137 200 | 204 165 109 62 33 22 
1877 = = = |p 02, 144 202 201 160 106 62 32 21 
| Abstract of the foregoing numbers, 
Under 5 feet 7 inches. Over 5 feet 7 inches. 
Cavalry of the : 
oh Line } ety) : 863 
) Infantry of the i x 
hae ‘ } 491 DBE: 
1873. = - 412 588 
1874 - = - 396 ; 604 
1875 - - 403 597 
1876 - - - 405 595 


LST s = - - 418 j ; 582 


- 


NATIONALITIES, RELIGIONS, AND EDUCATION. 57 


PART VII.—NATIONALITIES, RELIGIONS, AND EDUCATION. 


——oe 


Taste 55.—Nationawities of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men 
on the Ist January 1877, showing the different arms of the service. 


Corps. English. | Scotch. | Irish. es ae q| Total. 
Household Cavalry - ” 944 173 89 1 — 1,207 
Cavalry of the Line - - | 12,500 952 | 2,026 35 252 | 15,765 
Royal Artillery z -| 24,887 | 2,494 | 6,280 eh 33,833 
Royal Engineers - -| 3,797 482 522 79 — 4,880 
Foot Guards - - = 4,926 470 213 8 — 5,617 
Infantry of the Line - =| 72,937 | 9,388 | 30,149 317 | 1,809 | 114,100 
Colonial Corps - - - 23 2 9 1,960 64*| 2,058 
Army Service Corps - - 2,533 130 823 7 — 2,993 
Army Hospital Corps - - 943 101 875 3 — 1,422 
General Total - - | 123,490 | 14,192 | 39,986 2,582. 1,625 | 181,875 : 
Proportion per 1,000 men ee 
exclusive of Corn 693 80 224 8 — 1,000 
~ Corps - - - 


Tas_LE 66.—Reticious Denominations of the Non-Commissioned Officers 
and Men on the Ist January 1877, showing the different arms of the 


service. 

as ei 

Se a A 8 : 3 

ow ° m2 * » 

as | ba | se | ge | Ses] 8 
Corps. © "ep Fos = 8 ES as ae 2 Total. 

Sok oes) Os | aa | see | Ss 

° a Alea Sek: © 

| a 
Household Cavalry - 1,042 110 2 53 _ = 1,207 
Cavalry of the Line - | 12,279 907 507 1,819 1 252 | 15,765 
Royal Artillery - | 23,610 2,755 1,381 6,087 — _ 33,833 
Royal Engineers - 3,368 | 488 530 494 — — 4,880 
Foot Guards - -| 4,891] —/432 61 233 = = 5,617 
Infantry of the Line - | 68,276 | 9,348 | 3,891 | 31,281 — 1,309 | 114,100 
Colonial Corps =| 1,873 24 109 406 82 64*| 2,058 
Army Service Corps - | 2,137 212 309 835 — _ 2,953 
Army Hospital Corps - 982 95 56 289 — — 1,422 
General Total 117,958 14,366 6,846 | 40,997 83 1,625 | 181,875 
Proportion per 1,000 | 
men exclusive of 654 80 38 228 _ a 1,000 
Colonial Corps - J | | 


* Including a Company of Gun Lascars at Hong Kong. 


4 
¥ 


SO a ee ee 


58 NATIONALITIES, RELIGIONS, AND EDUCATION. 


Taste 57.—EpucaTionAL ACQUIREMENTS of the Non-Commissioned 
Officers and Men on the Ist January 1877, showing the eesti 
arms of the service. 


| Number 
‘ better 
Number | Number | Number | educated, 
who who who can | ie., all Not | 
Corps. neither | read but | only who are | Total. 
read nor | cannot | read and! notin- | reported. | 
write. write. write. | cluded in 
foregoing | 
columns. | 
Household Cavalry - 5 2 394 806 ~- 1,207 
Cavalry of the Line 3 839 323 5,546 9,305 252 15,765 
Royal Artillery - - 1,542 1,702 _|— 15,616 14,973 — 33,883 
Royal Engineers - — 6 449 4,425 ~ 4,880 
Foot Guards fp 75 111 2,122 3,309 —_ 5,617 
Infantry of the Line - 6,540 4,656 53,616 47,979 1,309 | 114,100 
Colonial Corps - - 680 387 6283 |. 304 64* 2,058 
Army Service Corps) - 17 41 1,035 | | 1,900 = 2,993 
Army Hospital Corps - = _ 320 1,102 = 1,422 


———— 
_—_—_—— 


General Total - 9,198 | 7,228 | 79,721 | 84,103 1,625 | 181,875 


men exclusive of 48 38 444 470 — 1,000 - 


Proportion per 1,000 
Colonial Corps - 


* Including a Company of Gun Lascars at Hong Kong. S 


Taste 58,— NatTIoNALities of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men at 
various periods from 1868 to 1877, exclusive of the West India regiments 
and Colonial corps. 


$ ri Proportion per 1,000 men. 
Period. a 2 ‘ g, & Total. 3 3 : z 
= 3 a 3 = S Wi fe Ss 
eo S a & » eo a ao $ 
=] S "e S S g S rst i 
i wD ay i a 3 wR KS Ss 
1 Jan. 1868 - | 106,810} 17,011] 55,583] 879 | 2,507 | 182,79 593 94 | 308 5 
1 May 1869 - | 103,426] 16,372/ 50,831) 940 | 1,153] 172,222} 605 | 96| 294 5 
1 Jan. 1870 - | 101,909| 16,163] 47,151) 849 | 2,888 | 168,91 614 97 284 5 
1 Jan. 1871 - | No returns compiled. 
1 Mar. 1872 - | 117,701] 15,885, 44,092)Notre-} 3,293 | 180,971] 668 | 89 248 |\Notre- 
I ) ported. ported. 
1 Jan. 1873 - | 120,134 Apacs 42,284) 679 | 1,032|179,883] 674] 854 237 4 
1 Jan. 1874 - | 118,848 ales ,124) 650 972|176,101] 679 |.. 83 235 3 
1 Jan, 1875 - | 119,246 | 13, Ae 40,626] 584 | 1,646/176,017] 684] so] 233 $ 
1 Jan. 1876 = | 118,701} 18, ay 39,360) 571 | 1,305 | 173,75 689 80} 228 3 
1 Jan. 1877. - 3 


123,467 897 622 | 1,561) 179,817] 693 | 80} 224 


os 
N.B.—Men reported as born at sea, in India, and in the Colonies, are included under the 
head of “ Foreigners, &c.” 


NATIONALITIES, RELIGIONS, AND EDUCATION. 


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B = or a 268 91F Bere eset =| S0t'r SB * - — pueysag 
& ‘AMO Ly 
a 
: “AIoTUITV | “oury 943 ‘sdroy |, : ArayTV | ‘ouvy oy3 | . 
*[e307, oe Os1OFL yo *[e10], adIAIAG cis ge eae EERO) 8 i yo one 
: “SUV [IV I qedoyy =| Aapeaea Auary qedoy | Areaeg 
“INGWHSITAV LS NVIGNT P “INGWHSITAVLS HSILilag 


“99TATOS OY} JO WIE YORE oyo7duI0o 04 postnber LoQuINU oY} pUe ‘S}UOUIYSTQRIS| URIPUT puV YSyLAG oy} UO esoyy Surszroods ‘)1 QT 
AeNULE 4S] OY} UO podtooar suANJoI 4S0}v[ OY} 0} SuTpAoIOv ‘SASNOTT OY} Jo NOILAAIAISIG( pur HIONTULG GAILOGIY—ZQ AIA, 


62 


TROOP AND BATTERY HORSES. 63 


TABLE 63.—INCREASE and Decrease of the Horses of each arm of the 
service on the British Establishment reported during the year 1876. 


4 Increase. Decrease. 
R-) nt 
> > 
gr i ZA 
~ - H i ~~ 
Corps, ge g a| 3 af 
gals | 8 o (Le 2 
58 2 5) 8 5s 
.—k> = fe} hon) 
ee ee ae hd me | ele] oe 
Ort 9 | $ 3 & est S ® 4 
i=] oO ee to} o 3S fe} = is} a 
ica] eS i Bo fa (O: mo He {A 
Household Cavalry - — 89 | 16 64} 1) —]| 81 : 845 
Cavalry of the Line - 12 | 706 }181 | 468 | 33°; 8 | 640 | 6,843 ° 
Royal Horse Artillery - 63) || Ao PUSS], 13h |. Lad.) 174 1,794 
Royal Artillery - - 18 S11 | 82 285 1 | 54 | 422 4,169 
Royal Engineers - — 35) 5 84) —  — | 39 416 
Army Service Corps — - Sale LOte Ud 78 | —j| 1 | 85 1,076 
Total - 114,967] 1,516 |101*| 1,617 = 1,055 | 36 a7 1,441 [ 143 


Tasie 64.—InorEASE and Decrease of the Horses on the British Esta- 
blishment reported during each month of the year 1876. 


i p 

aa Increase, Decrease. 3 re 

es (=| 

ac ae 

g ¢ g g : 2 * 

- Months, o's $ g 2 B 3 og 

Ss A a fey & Q ss no 

Sx “ei a 3 i) 5 3 D 

eo =I ° | ° cS) a 4a 

Sete 78° |e So ee | re ee Fa 

gout -s) Blt Bebe | 8.1 8 Par 

es) fe fo) a io) R -) a |A 

January - | 14,967 — 7 39 | 15,023 
February - 4 15,023 — 6 31 | 15,049 
March - | 15,049 2 8 47 | 15,103 
April - - | 15,108 2 1 61 | 15,067 
May - 15,067 7 12 | 130 | 15,037 
Jane += -'| 15,037 3 3 90 | 15,035 
July - - | 15,035 6 13 | 103 | 15,099 
August = - | 15,099 3 6 | 130 | 15,051 
September - | 15,051 *8 8 | 167 }|.15,007 
October - | 15,007 uf 1| 850 | 15,027 
November - | 15,027 1 7 | 921 115,054 
December - | 15,094 2 15 72 115,143 

Total -| — 36| *87+| 1,441 | a 


* Principally interchanges between the different arms of the service. 


, 


TROOP AND BATTERY HORSES. 


64 


ae ” a. 


eecOL Fk ress | FES'S eco'r | SPrrceT oT IPOS TIT‘OT | 226% As = = SULLY ITV 
—_ — | — oo) Spit PVA — | 3L9 8ze z - - - sdi0p so1aseg Antz 
= ae = = ==, | oly ame 20 OgT 08% ¢ : ay ‘ srsoursugy [eAoy 
LEG L 66 ) 690°S 0F8‘S 91S €96°¢ — 6L0‘T 1SeF ec¢ or = = = - Aroyary pehoy 
Boas AOR. oeS8S 9 “|-PSOrl LLS‘T eF3°9 91 OLS FOV'P SLL‘T Ge 7 - oury eyi so Arpeany 
a _— _ —_ _— ors = L1@ #19 ¥1 — = c 7 AqeavD ppoyesnoyy 
ae ‘spuey | ‘spuvy | ‘spuvy | ‘spuvy t ‘pojytodor| ‘spuvqg | ‘spuey | ‘spuvy | ‘spuvy ‘ 
CO . 0, 
ae ior. 1 fer ct /| rt One Ie ya Meee for a1 $41 
/ *sd.109) 
ae 1 
“qUOMUYSI|qeysy, UeIpUy ao ‘qUOUTYsI[qeIseL YS 
“SYUOULYST[GVISH 
UBIPUT pue yYsyIag oy} uo osoy, Surdyroods ‘y/gT ArvnUVE 4ST OY} UO OOTATOS OY} JO Ww YOU Ul SASYOPT OY} JO SAZIG—"O9 ATAV], 
Geg‘OL e16'% | e90'r | pzs’e |\ Gee ePr‘Sl 91 Fee's «=| GLL'G | PS6F 100% | - © suIYy IV 
— — — — | — | 920% — | ore 868 69% 89 - - ~ sdiog aorareg Autry 
mL Bie o << [= way 3 +8 881 aa 6& = = a sioomisugy pehoyy 
LLB‘ L SSH T 68'S 611% LOG £96°C _ ec¢ 069° 860% | 36S = > > -  Aroyry re4oy 
8oa'E cis OLLI SolT SIT ePs‘9 91 GLUT 898 860% 9961. | - 2 = ourry oy} Jo Arpeazy) 
nag 5 re en a Crs — LEG Ste 1&3 661 $ ‘a a Aqeaviy) ployesnoyy 
=1830 *I9AO ‘savok | ‘savok | stvafg}] ‘poyzodea| ‘zoAo | ‘sueak | ‘saved | ‘steak ¢ 
TOL | puver | cro6 | gorg | sopug | MOL yon | puver | c1036 | 80S | sopug ee 
*sd109 


*FUOWMIYSI[qeIsy ULIPUT “qUOULYsyqeyse Ysipag 


“STMOUYSTIqvyIsT 
UVIPUT pus YSMg oy} uo osoyy Surdyroods *y/ QT ArenUVE 4ST OY} WO OOTArOS Oy} JO WAG Yow UI SASHOH OY} JO SANY— CO W1AVT, 


Ne} 
os 8E9°Gs C6F‘0OL cory | ¥1g°S | 8IZ'e SPL'Sl = 910°C OIF 691F FELT €¥8'9 CFS LL81 
ILL°GS PPrL‘Ol guy | O19's | SIP 196°r1 == 090°T O&F 080'F S641 LLL‘9 188 9L8I 
GES‘GS Sos‘ol s19r | r9g°% | sae‘e LE8‘F1 = SLOT SIF CL6°S 106‘T 189°9 688 GL8I 
664'SS S190T | r0Ly | 965% | STE'e 988FT = 980‘T slr $00°F 0ss‘L 80L‘9 68 PL8I 
LIP‘GS s6r0r | 609% | Ost's | FOFS FE6'F1 = 860‘L Or E68 606‘T SPrL‘9 8E8 S181 
¥69'CS sso'rt | esor | 96s‘e | Gos‘e 99S°FT oa G80L eI L8g‘e e881 LEL‘9 #58 GL8T 
¥L9'FG PPL II 96S | ogee | ssZ‘e 08661 oT G60‘T 09¢ 896 996'T 008‘9 1g8 1181 
a PESes 810°C 19c‘r | ses‘e | 690% 91ST GLZ 846 861 980°S GPCL 0361'S L¥8 OL8T 
j SLPS ILIV‘ | O84 | gore | 8L6'e LLGS1 908 €L6 666 8655S S9F'T ¢380°9 88 698L 
be 199°F% 9FSSL 699°F L¥E‘e Lest 1eS1 198 106 686 1F¥S 89PL — L109 PPS 8981 
a ZIS‘GG 660°ST GoLy |. 7es‘e | 086% esr 068 LL0C G6 ferdiard SFr 130°9 bes L981 
4 S18'Ss LEVel | Gash | 6FeE | 990°C 989°SI 104 660'L ' 83 SSS 89FT LI19 Ges 9981 
: S O01'LG og6‘er | 00s’s | 496°¢ | S9L'¢ OLT‘eL GES S90°T 866 | «1¥6S GPE‘T 681°9 ecs C981 
“i BOE‘LS ssz‘et | sige | 96e'e | 616% FIGSL 18g 198 TL 016s BPP'L $69°9 8h8 poet 
8 estes OFFI | 969%¢ is9'e | e6o¢ | SFist +V9 FIO 601 066% GPT G60°% 678 S98T 
| a VLELI r9r'F a exe BU La 2 OIs‘eL 09 066 401 | ¥29%% Sort Ter‘L OF8 G98l 
96861 B6L'S = =~ | o6L°¢ 709'eI 409 486 0) a oes £601 oer. 898 1981 
. ‘sd10g 
ror, [SIMY| Seon | ome | wor, | 8809, |amey poe | con | “SEUEY | “suo” | OUTER | opoq 
‘SULLY TW yehoy | Aapeara s ured], qeAoy j yeAoy FO TEAEO ~asnoyyT “1a 
Arey 


*JUOUIYSTLGesy, UeIpuy “paouLysTqeisoy YS 


“SITOWYSTAVISY UvIpuy pus ysyI1g oy} uo osoyy Surdzoods ‘)/81 01 TOSI Woaz avok youo ur Arenuee 4sT 
OY} UO padledor SUINJal 4$0}B[ OY}.0} Surproooe ‘eoraras oy. JO WARE YOVd UI SHSNOP{ OY} JO HLONAMLG AAILOMIAY—' 19 TTAV], 


B 836. 


-TROOP AND BATTERY HORSES. 


66 


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“puree, Man Yuounzedag PeLiessrarML0y 0} OF Suprjouy 4 
‘{HOUMIDAOD ULIPLULD oY} Wor Padtoooz sessoy AsoTTUAY yeAoy ¢g9 SuIpnpvy ~ 


| Monae 


ar CLD,@ 


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LE8‘F1 6¢ a Hoe =_ ee SIO‘T ele Goe't OL C6al “| 988‘ 
988F1 se a SoS‘ 1 = iz LEO 10g VIEL SI 108° P66 F1 = 
¥C6'F1 _ gse ogs‘T — GF | QIL‘T 698 88s‘l ¥G POST 9S¢°F1 
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0g6‘SL — F19L GEST llos LI | POSST EG 6EF'S Sze LOS 91g‘TI - 
91ST T9B‘T = FS0'S ol 61 ULL PSS SLL — SLL LLSSL 
LLGSI — 996 soe‘ == 91 6F0°L 88s 6SC'1 I 8gc'T T3s‘el = 
IZS‘S SOL = soc‘ = Il BSS'L soe 90FT 61 F6E‘1 * ESPs 
esrel £06 4 9LG‘T LI GS 8661 98% S1e'1 = ere‘ 989°Z1 - 
989°C Or — 08‘T 6% 9g g0s‘T GSS 988‘T = 9gs'T OL1‘ST 
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FIS‘eL 669 = 9006 tox ee 98CT 198 LLe‘T a THEA E sey ES aaa 
SFL FL = €e9 062L‘T or GE LLY BL ers «6L F89'T O1S‘SI = 
OLS‘ 6 a= Sor os 9G OFT 16 698‘I ST ¥SS'1 FO9EL 
sreok ‘osvoloeq, | “sesned | ‘s120IO *plos : ‘asvadouy | ‘sasneo | z sareak 
| wx tt | eearooq|-severony| TL | HO | OF PIOS | Pue ase Peed | rejox, | rom | PMH)  gove ur 
Toqumed9q Isle ON iON Arenueve 4ST 
oy} 10 ey} uo 
SaATPOOH “OSBbI100q, “oSvoIoUuy SoATPOD A 


“9181 OF LOST Woay awok youre Url yuOUIYSTTqQRISTT YS OY} UO SAsUOF JO ASVANTC PU’ TSVAYONT—'ggQ TTIAV, 


9181 
GL8I 
PL8T 
€Z81 
6L81 
IZ81 
OL8T 
698T 
898T 
L981 
998T 
S98T 
FIST 
e98I 
G98T 
1981 


67 


TROOP AND BATTERY HORSES. 


ct 


cec‘ol = P&G roe =| VES'G =| SSO «| SPI'ST 91 | TP0% | ILL‘OL | e36% 6G <3 - = £281 Scene 3sT 
069°01 — 193 ores =| Tele | 96sec | L96°F1 1a | 461° | 698.6 | #g98° 9% = - 9181 Arenuee 4st 
40901 F $86 010° 660°F | SIP LESFI = |} 006%1 8866 Gr9o‘e ag = = -  ggt Arenuee 3sT 
£19°0T SI Tle 19s =| FEOF ~| SOs'e | 988°F1 — | e161 SS1‘6 G0L'S el 2 = FLST Arvnuel 3sT 
€6F‘0I 1g GFE 160% | 88Z‘e 600°F | #26'FT = neeais 1S0°6 ors’ 0g = 2 - ¢1gT Arenuee 4ST 
“eI J, ‘poisoder| “spuvy “spueq “spuey | “spuey “[eqOJ, P aie “spuel, Sa ses ‘spuvy | ‘spueq 
ON 91 FSI sI FL gon | 9 ESL g1 fr 
“18a 
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“JIST 01 S181 woaz avok yous ur renuve 4s] oy} UO SJUOMIYST[GVISY UBIpuy pue YstwE oy} Wo SASMOFT OY} FO SAZIS—OL STAVE 
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069‘0T | — Orr's | ssz‘r | 920°F 996 | L96°F1 tz | sero | slefs | cerfs | ost. | - = 9181 Arenuee 4ST 
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e6r0L |. 29 cect | 6r6'e | 9864 999 VE6FL ws” | epee lengae: 4 eee i-ee0'T Pe ot oe - g1gt Arenuee 3st 
eae ‘poqsoder| *10A0 ‘savak | ‘savok |‘savok Gg} , 10 eee *I19A0 ‘savat | ‘savak | *sreak ¢ 
ML JoN | pur et | ST-0F6 | 8OFg | sopuQ ToL e puv 1 | 31036 | 803g | sepuy) 
NL *1e9 Xx 
“qUOUAYST[Guisy UvIpuy *qUOMLYSt[qeysey YS 


*JIST 0 GLQT worz vod youo ur ArenULE 4ST OY} UO S}UOTUYST[qUISY ULIPUT PUL YS}IIg oy} UO sasLOH oy Josasy—"69 ATAVL  » 


, 


B 8386, 


68 


AUXILIARY AND RESERVE FORCES. 


*L-9L8T 10} soyeuysy AUN Ul pajoa sequin » 


= 19L‘T “ 900'08 6868S - - uorodsuy Jo oyeq ~ (BOTTA, YA popnyour) oarosary BUTI 
BSL°CL x = Oy, Teraue 
ot SS0'8IF G66 SPS ae 2 
FILS GLY'SL ‘ : 
= 8gS°SS 650°886 109‘¢st = = - QL8T doqMIAAON IST | - - - - SIVOJUNIO A. 
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we Z00°61 LGSST CG6‘FLT - - - worjodsuy jo oyeq | - - - = BOTA 
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: earosoy Autry 
ae 886‘e 000'0T x. 6909 oe ae = LST Srenwee aT | = 5 2 210 
*sre19uM *ayo[dun00 : i 
~zedng 0} Sartre Ay JUSUTYST[ Ges Poorman [2307 


a7eq ‘sd109 


‘SHNVY TIV 


*Q01AJ08 OY} JO soyouvIq 
cco oy} Sutmoys ‘9/ 8] reok oy} soy sooi0,y ATeYIxXNW pur oarosoy oY} JO NUOLAY IVANNY ‘IVAINED—'L) TIA], 


(‘saovog hinywany fo josauax-soqoadsuy ayp fig paysuinf suinjas Wott ) 
‘SHOUOT HAUSA GNV AUVITIXNV—XI Lavd 


69 


AUXILIARY AND RESERVE FOROES. 


€66°¢ | 0z9%¢ IL SLT P81 00S‘6% PROTS | TLL'T 669 
009 GL¢ I 61 G 918°9 69FS | O9T 18 
e68°S | grocg | OT 6SI 641 FSL'es GLS‘ST | II9‘T | Go9 
POSS 10¢‘¢ SI S8T 991 FOF6S 6e0'T% | ez8‘T 8L9 
€8¢ 09¢ I 8 ¥ G8B‘9 6007S 19T 68 
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ses‘¢ L61‘S 99T‘6L | Ses‘T 169 
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866F | S19F IITFT | 029‘T S19 
790°9 | 4e9.G | ST 106 S61 840'8Z Szr6l. | 998°T 90L 
96¢ 98S HS c g LLOS eric 9S1 a 
Gors 1¢0°¢ GI 60S L8I TL0°%S G8GFL | OLL‘T ¥Z9 

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fa ‘ATywezpuy sites Ae] ‘Arpeaeo -a8g jo jo 

: ‘IVEO, peformMmy | earosary | aArasay | aarosagy’| aarosoxy 
*[ S8B[Q JO Pe SSEIQ pug 


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‘9181 Sump soz1enb aren 
jo quoueoueurm0 oY} ¥@ “odIOF OY} JO uOTZIsOdu00 043 Ss a GAUISAY AWAY OY} ny GLVIG—'Z), ATAV], 


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AUXILIARY AND RESERVE FORCES, 


70 


911°6% 6B0°GS 691 16'S 9LL°6S 09F°03 e98F SS6‘L 666'S . . [e10q, Teqouex) 
FILES Czs‘6T 8ST 196‘ FIL‘Ss T3g‘0 16'S 
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JO dATOSOY 
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> soojuesqe "OLB JO 9Arasayy “OLS JO adrasoyy ‘ SulIpua Joyen?y 
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*poyforue 1oquINnu oY} 04 uonsodord ou} pur ‘9/81 
surinp sjuoursvd Ayrojrepnb OY} WOIZ JUOSGR OTA OYM OAIOSONT Away SSBIQ ISILT OY} JO NAY JO AaNAN—'p), AIAV 


’ 


AUXILIARY AND RESERVE FORCES. 


72 


Z006IL | 999s | 68°CT 


1z6‘est | gse‘ec| 999°e6 


Sz6FIL| 02.0 | 84908 | seseT] Se6 FIT 981'L% | 966°IT 


ee'II | TLZ‘T | 882‘s 


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119‘00L | FZI'FS| 19601 


6rS‘eL | 006 


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CXC 


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6PE'SIL| H88F| OFFS] B6S'T GOL‘S | ~ > “queurgsi[qeysq 
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"9/81 rvok oY} UL S}USUIISOI [vIBAOS OT} JO 
worpoedsut yenuue Oy} Jo OJep OY} Ye (OAOSONT VIFTTIAL OY} SUIpNpOUL) VILITIPY OY} JO ALVIG IVAANHO—¢) TTAVT, 


AUXILIARY AND RESERVE FORCES. 


73 


TABLE 76,—EFFECTIVE STRENGTH of the Militia, in Rank and File, on the 
Ist of each month during 1876, and the average strength during 


the year. 
~ Rank and File. 
E Months. f 
English Scotch Trish Total. 
= regiments. regiments. regiments. 
1876. 

Ist January - - - 65,766 10,320 24,728 100,814 
Ist February - .- - 68,067 10,689 24,938 103,694 
lst March - ~— = & 69,965 10,841 25,184 105,990 
ist April % 2: Sens 71,913 11,034 25,443 108,390 
Ist May - - - 71,899 11,283 25,704 108,886 
Ist June - - - 69,166 11,484 25,642 106,292 
Ist July - : = 67,672 11,378 24,923 108,973- 
Ist August - - - 66,503 11,064 24,419 101,986 
1st September EE = 64,673 10,892 24,312 99,877 
Ist October - Heine 63,812 10,709 24,028 98,549 
1st November - 64,168 9,840 23,609 97,617 
Ist December - - - 66,205 10,126 23,816 100,147 
‘Total - 809,809 129,660 296,746 1,236,215 
Average during 1876 - 67,484 10,805 24,729 103,018 


TaBLe 77.—Acus of the Non-Commissioned Officers and Men serving in the- 
Militia (including the Permanent Staff) on Ist January 1877. 


Ages. 

Under |17.to 19} 19 to 25 | 25 to 30| 30 to 35| Over Total 
17 years.) years. | years. | years. | years. | 35 years. ye 
Artillery - - 224 1,408 5,366 2,842 1,703 1,213 | 12,756 
Infantry - - 1,173 | 14,800 | 30,969 | 15,816 8,318 5,649 | 76,225 
Rifles - - - 393_| 3,680 8,083 4,083 1,931 1,453.| 19,623 
Total - a 1,790 | 19,388 | 44,418 | 22,741 | 11,952 8,315 | 108,604 

- nelle we pda ah 
English regiments - 873 | 12,853 | 30,348 | 15,067 7,465 | 5,228 | 71,834 
Scotch ‘ = 65 1,245 | 4,256 | 2,920 1,751 943 | 11,180 
Trish nf . 852 | 5,290] 9,814 | 4,754] 2,736 | 2,144 | 25,590 
Total - -| 1,790 | -19,388 | 44,418 | 22,741 | 11,952 | 8,315 | 108,604 
Militia Reserve (in- — 394 | 13,629 7,333 8,194 669 | 25,219 


“cluded above). 


AUXILISRY AND RESERVE FORCES. 


Taste 78,—Inorease and Decrease of the Mirrrra between the trainings 
in 1875 and 1876 (exclusive of the Permanent Staff). 


Scotch 


Trish 


English 
areas regiments. | regiments. | regiments. | _ hice 
Number enrolled at date of inspection 
in’ 1875 (exclusive of four Irish 69,961 11,298 24,012 105,271 
regiments not trained) - - e 
pet PS 
(Recruits - -| 21,746 3,369 6,222 31,837 
| Joined from Desertion - 505 108 194 807 
Tnerease. 1 Other causes = - 573 69 128 770 
Four regiments not Bye, 
| trained in 1875 4, e aes 1008 
22,824 3,546 8,377 343747 
{ Dead - - - 332 71 132 535 
Discharged - - - 10,957 1,885 8,145 15,987 
Decrease.< Deserted - - 6,176 1,131 2,180 9,487 
Joined Regular Army - 4,373 493 1,490 6,356 
Other causes - 387 45 246 678 
22,225 3,625 7,193 33,043 
NE * 5 } } 
BOs aaa a at date se ea 70,560 11,219 25,196 106,9 


TABLE 7 


9.—Acus of the Recruits who joined the Militia during the 


year 1876. 


Ages of Recruits joined. 


© 


Under |17 to 19} 19 to 25/25 to 30 Over | mii 

17 years.) years. | years. years. |30 years. bs 
English regiments - - 858 | 10,189 | 12,229 3,121 801 | 27,198 
Scotch ” - - 99 1,210 1,771 620 292 3,992 
Trish ares - - 732 3,250 2,295 812 189 7,278 
Total - - 1,689 | 14,649 | 16,295 |. 4,553 1,282 | 38,468 


AUXILIARY AND RESERVE FORCES. 


_ Tan e 80.—Errecrive StrReNGtH of the Mirit1a RESERVE at the date of 
the annual inspection of the several regiments for the year 1876. 


Z 


English regiments - 


Scotch 


” — 


Trish 


” 


Number present at training of 1876. 
Establish- 
Enrolled Enrolled Total rc 
during 1876. | prior to 1876.| enrolled. 
| 
“ 5,073 13,037 18,110 20,000 
< 890 2,402 3,292 2,500 
2 1,506 5,831 6,837 7,500 
-| 7,469 20,770 28,239 30,000 


N.B.—These numbers are also included in Table 75. 


TABLE 81,—EHrrecrive StrenerH of the Yeomanry Cavatry at the 
date of the annual inspection of the several corps for the year 


1876. 


By Ranks. By Countries. 
uo} s: 
5 a | 8 bad a a 
~ wo ~~ oe ~ 
— BE lagbieas| |e (Se la8| 3 
ge iaetas| @ | PS se ee] s 
Xo) | BCm fata e | er) P| & 
fo} | i= <q iI al tT 
me o 
Present at inspection - | 676 |1,503 | 7,682] 9,861] 9,024] 837 | — 9,861 
Absent fWithleave - | 146| 95] 1,186] 1,427] 1,854; 73.| — | 1,427 
from { ; : 
inspection. | Without leave 11 87 | 757) 805]: 703!) 102 | — 805 
Number enrolled - = 833 | 1,635 | 9,625 |12,093 }11,081 | 1,012 — | 12,093 
Establishment - - 803 | 1,753 |12,511 |15,067 ]13,795 | 1,272 | — | 15,067 
‘Wanting to complete -| = 118-| 2,886| 2,974} 2,714} 260 | — 2,974 
Supernumerary Auge: 30 | — — Si, 5 ee 


76 


TABLE 82.—STATE of the VOLUNTEER Force on the Ist November 1876, showing 


AUXILIARY AND RESERVE FORCES. 


the numbers in each of the military districts. 


——— 


All Ranks. 
On) 
Who have obtained | -5 Ee 
s @ ee of 3 & 
District, g P zs . rd ga eres: Aa 
rd — 2 3 
| oo = ioe 
Ce Dp i Rr ee ede Pee Pte Bee 
Sie g A o a q BED 
ag ES Bs D r= S $ a 83 @ 
dicey sb ohp 8 laf) 2 |gee 
wm | q a "Se. RD ‘Sa AY 
Northern - 80,584 910 | 62,419 8,231 | 65,650 | 1,511 | 3,606 | 5,117 | 54,494 
Eastern - - | 15,961 159 | 10,526 952 | 11,478 374 681 1,055 9,014 
Western- - | 27,854 715.| 20,788 | 1,874 | 22,162 | 522 |1,205 | 1,727 | 17,848 
Southern - 8,399 110 5,770 418 6,188 157 394 551 4,916 
Chatham - — — — — — — — — — 
South-eastern - 9,024 260 5,893 528 6,421 177 443 620 5,290 
Home - - 39,291 180 }. 25,729 2,780 | 28,509. 791 |1,706 | 2,497 | 23,102 
Woolwich - 1,880 50 1,373 92 1,465 40 97 137 1,247 
Aldershot - — = _ _ _ _ _ —_ — 
North Britain - 55,066 1,269 | 41,686 1,942 | 43,628 |1,365 | 2,456 | 3,821 | 35,842 
Jersey - - — — — — — — — = 
Guernsey and wee ae s 
Alderney - Ry a ce $i = ay 
Total - | 238,059 | 3,653 |174,184 | 11,317 | 185,501 | 4,937 |10,588/ 15,525 | 151,753 


TaBLE 83.—Srate of the VotuntEER Force on the 1st November 1876, showing 


the different arms of the service. 


All Ranks. A 
a 
Who have obtained | -4.8 } 
» 2 certificates of 3 3 
& : z = 3 " <i proficiency. a's | ; 
Bq ED ; a a te a 
& a One 7 D- S) . 3 aH : 
cee ER g is q ‘ g MRS : 
S's re 8 5 = 5 3 : PE8S | 
=A a8 | 0 ma o | 
Bo| a Beg E S$. | @ | 8) Zo sae q 
MD joa] A A ie) 1) I= Ay q 
Light Horse - 720 9 444 106 550], 921 21 43 470 
‘Artillery  - | 42,459 890 | 32,554 | 2,237 | 34,791 | 865 | 2,119 | 2,984] 27,908 
Engineer : 8,932 140 | 6,863 571 | 7,484] 136 + 396 532] 6,093 . 
Mounted Rifle- 240; — 106 73 179 84 dod aes 105 
Rifle - - | 185,708} 2,614 |184,217 | 8,830 | 142,547 [3,906 | 8,042 | 11,948 } 117,177 
Total - | 238,059 4,937 |10,588 | 15,525 | 151,753 


3,653 |174,184 | 11,317 | 185,501 


AUXILIARY AND RESERVE FORCES. 17 


TABLE 84.—ErFFEcTIVE STRENGTH of the Army Ruxserve’ on the 
1st January in each year from 1861 to 1877. 


Ist Class. 2nd Class. 
Year. Reserve of| Reserve | Enrolled Total 
— oN of age of 1867 of 1859 | Pensioners 
(a.) (6.) (¢.) 

ae —_ iets = 283 a 283 
1862° - - i =S = 572 a 572 
ic ees ae = 2s 914 =i 914 
1864 - . =. = = 1,370 —2 1,370 
1s6h .- . - ae = — 1,832 3 1,832 
1866 - a =. = 2,596 ae 2,596 
i a a Aer Nee 2 3,258 = 3,258 
1868 - a = = = 3,858 S | 3,858 
VBOI = 4p = os 1,006 1,027 2,847 13,068 17,948 
1870 - . = 1,939 1,151 2,734 14,643 20,467 
ti. = 2,676 772 800 2,555 15,667 22,470 
1872 - . 6,659 363 720 2,325 19,183 29,250 
Hy tte | * 6.668 314 716 2,097 | 20,861 | 30,681 
1874 - " 7,376 243 667 2,112 20,648 31,046 
1678 =) os 7,676 169 675 1,979 19,560 30,059 
TRIG es + 5,991 60 | 706 1,866 19,425 28,048 
ee == 6,038 24 687 1,743 21,284 29,776 


(a.) Enrolment suspended 28rd February 1869. 
(6.) Enrolment suspended 18th August 1866, 


(c.) Enrolled pensioners merged in the 2nd Class Army Heer under the Army 
Reserve Regulations, dated 9th May 1868. 


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LONDON: 


Georcr FE. E 


t1sm SeOrriswoopr, 


most Excell 


ont Majesty. — 


_ For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. 


YRE and WIL 


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Printers to the Queen’s 


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ROYAL WARRANT 


FOR THE 


APPOINTMENT, PROMOTION, 


AND 


RETIREMENT 


Or 


COMBATANT OFFICERS. 


Dated the 13th August 1877. 


Presented to both Bouses of Barliament by Command of Per Majesty, 
\ August 1877. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, © 
BY HARRISON AND SONS 
Printers in Ordinary to Her Maiesty. 


1877. 


< 


CONTENTS. —— 


I.—APPOINTMENT, PROMOTION, AND RETIREMENT OF 
COMBATANT OFFICERS, 
I.—FIRST APPOINTMENTS. 


Arts 
#A--Second=Lieutenants \: evo ic ace a, eect eT 1 
B.—Lieutenants, Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers .. 2,3 
O.Indian Sta Corns. <a> ou. ¢ oul pecan ee, ee 4 
D.—Quarter-Masters and Riding-Masters .. 1 0 us as . 5 
II.—PROMOTION. 
A.—Lieutenants sed ek Sk Ae iets thi ee Doe A A a en 610 
B= Captains fy sso) jase ee aas Gesct 9 eee ees ess Wa) sy ies li—17 
@s= Majors 0 sei see ee eg se 
D:—Lientenant-Colonelsia- | =. G4) Gal a Gane ee 20, 21 
= Colotiels yas cige plied tial pens etn etal Rees eee ee 22, 28 
¥.—BrigadiersGenerais be.) ddl ne See be kooks 2 ee 24 
G.—General Officers :— ‘ 
a. The Separate Lists Se PEARS GAR! reece We eee 25 
6. The Establishment wee tee nee nee ane ee 2G — BO 
G. Major-Geénerals tae ais wen ror aak uae ae nee 80—35 
d, Gieatenant-Generals eis can ae, de) ee 
e. Generals Peg ec. Pees Page gl ee ee eee ee 
H.—Field-Marshals pak sie RO Serr, peat glete ett # os ea 50 
I.—Colonels of Regiments and Colonels Commandant... as 51 
K.—General Regulations tip] seas 8 Fad) “ol. bees GATED mea A prec an eee 
III._SECONDED, SUPERNUMERARY, AND RESERVE OFFICERS. 
A.-Seconded Officers 4. ia 7A), an an ee eee 
B.—Supernumerary Officers .. 00 as es ee 68 
C.—Reserve List of RoyalEngineers .. .. .. ..  .. 69—16 
D.—Privileses 7a. oe) “aio y ieagt wae sare | oe 
IV.—EXCHANGES ... Co ny ie ae nee aes ate ae ..  80—88 
V.—THE RECKONING OF SERVICE ae nas wh aes « 84-92 
VI.—-CONDITIONS OF RETIREMENT. ; 
A.—Voluntary Retirement 1 iso. a ae ede 
B.—Removal from Regiments and Appointments... ..  ... 126—184 
C.—Retirement on account of Age sea sp wivde Sh ved ake dao eet 
VII.-HONORARY AND RELATIVE RANK. 
A. Honorary Ramis) osc, Uikots Ret Fp enn gees es a 140, 144 
B.~Relative Rank 0 ie le te ak ke 2) 2 


Il.—_UNATTACHED AND HALF PAY, PENSIONS AND 
GRATUITIES OF COMBATANT lg gS 
I._UNATTACHED PAY 


II.—HALF PAY: 
A.—Rates and Conditions , .. .. 0 a5 a eS, «IAT —169 
B.—Surrender ... ... Hee ee oe eae ge OM 
III.—_THE RETIRED pyieeane LIST ... mh aie aes .. 1683—173 


144—146 


IV.—PENSIONS AND GRATUITIES... .. .. .. .. ., 174-187 


wer 4 


vm ve 


VICTORIA R. 


WHEREAS We deem it expedient to consolidate and _in certain 
respects to amend the provisions contained in Our Warrant of 
the 27th December 1870, and in all other subsequent Warrants 
now in force relating to the appointment, promotion, and 
retirement of the Combatant Officers of Our Army ; 


Our Witt anp PLEAsurRz 18 that, from the Ist October 1877, 
the undermentioned Warrants and tiles of Warrants be can- 
celled, namely :— 


Articles 1 to 29, 31 to 33, 36 to 43, 50, 51, 57 to 60, 82 to 84, 
110 (so far as it relates to Quarter-Masters and Riding-Masters), 
112, 951 to 953, and 971 to 975, 980 to 984 of Our Warrant of 
the 27th December 1870; 


Articles 7 to 18, 20 to 24, 26, 27, 29, and 30, of Our Warrant 
of the 80th October 1871; 


Articles 3 and 10 of Our Warrant of the 28th December 1871 ; 


Articles 1, 4, 11, 12 (in part), and 13, of Our Warrant of the 
15th January 1872 ; 


Articles 3 and 4 of Our Warrant of the 22nd March 1872 ; 


Artieles 2, 4 to 8, and 14, of Our Warrant of the 25th June 


3 


Articles 2 to 4 of Our Warrant for the Royal Artillery of the 
5th July 1872 5-~-—— 


Articles 1 to os and 6, of Our Warrant for the Royal Engineers 
of the 5th July 1872; 


Articles 1 to 4 of Our Warrant of the 2nd December 1872 : 
‘Our Warrant of the 8th February 1873; 

Articles 3 to 48 of Our Warrant of the 24th February 1873; 
Our Warrant of the Ist August 1873; 
Our Warrant of the 12th August 1873; 


4 


Articles 1 to 3, and 14 of Our Warrant of the 18th February 
1874; 


Our Warrant of the 17th March 1874; 
Our Warrant of the Ist August 1874; 
‘Our Warrant of the 5th December 1874 ; 
Our Warrant of the 6th August 1875 ; 


—~ Our Warrant of the 13th December 1875, so far as it 
revises Article 112 of Our Warrant of the 27th December 
1870; 


Qur Warrant of the 28th April 1876, so far as it revises 
Article 4 of Our Warrant of the Ist March 1873; 


Our Warrant of the 17th June 1876; 
Arts. 1, 2, and 4 of Our Warrant of the 30th October 1876 ; 
Our Warrant of the 31st July 1877; 


And that from the 1st October 1877 this Our Warrant: shall 
be established and obeyed as the sole and standing authority on 
the matters herein treated of; and Our Principal Secretary of 
State, to whom we shall see fit to entrust the Seals of the War 
Department; shall be the sole Interpreter of this Our Warrant. 


AND WHEREAS Our Royal Commissioners appointed by Us.on 
the 7th November 1874 to enquire into the best means of making 
adequate provision for maintaining a reasonable rapidity of promo- 
tion throughout Our Army did, in their report to Us, dated the 
5th August 1876, make the following statement :— 


“We do not intend to create any new vested rights: on 
“the contrary, we think it ought to be distinctly made known 
‘to every Officer that any scale of pensions upon retirement 
‘“‘ which may be adopted is not intended as a scale of fixed 
** sums, which an Officer has a legal or even a moral right to 
‘“‘ claim or receive, but a scale of retirements purely optional 
** on the part of the Crown, and to be offered or not to individual 
** Officers according to the current exigencies of the service. 


‘In other words, we wish it to be understood that ir our 
‘* opinion no vested rights or moral claims, having the practical 
** force of vested rights, should be created in respect of pensions 
“‘ or sums of money on retirement, inasmuch as their adjust- 
“ ment in point of amount to the needs of the service is a matter 
“to be determined only by experience.” 


Iv 1s Our FuRTHER WILL anv PueEasureE that no Officer of 
Our Army shall be entitled to claim hereafter any promotion, 
pension, or other advantage conferred by any provision of Our 
present Warrant in the event of such provision being at any 
time added to, varied, or cancelled. , wi 


/ 


~ bo elena 


5 


PROVIDED ALWAYS that, with the exceptions laid down in 
Art. 124, nothing contained in this Our Warrant shall be held 
to exclude any Officer who entered Our Service before the Ist 
October 1877 from any pecuniary advantage on retirement, of 
which he is already in enjoyment, or which would have been 
conferred upon him on retiring with the same rank and service 
under any of Our Warrants in force at that date. 


IN THIS OUR WARRANT the following expressions shall be 
understood in the sense here stated :— 


“ Cavalry and Infantry” shall be held to include, unless the 
contrary be expressly stated, the regiments of Cavalry and Infantry 
of Our Household Brigade, Line, and Colonial Corps. 


“Infantry of the Line” shall, unless the contrary be stated, be 
held to include regiments of Our Infantry of the Line and Colonial 
Corps. 


* Civil Situation ” shall be held to mean any civil employment 
of profit at home or abroad, in or under a Civil Department of 
the State, or under any Commissioners appointed under Our Royal 
Sign Manual or by Our Letters Patent. . 


“* Mounted Officers ” shall be held to mean such Captains of 
Our Foot Guards as shall be employed permanently on duties 


similar to those performed in a regiment of Infantry of the Line 
by the regimental Majors. 


I—APPOINTMENT, PROMOTION, AND RETIREMENT OF 
COMBATANT OFFICERS. 


I.—First Appointments. 
II.—Promotion. 
III.—Seconded, Supernumerary, and Reserve Officers. 
IV.—Exchanges. z. 
V.—The Reckoning of Service. 
VI.—Conditions of Retirement. 
VilI.—Honorary and Relative Rank. 


I.—FIRST APPOINTMENTS. 
A.—Second-Lieutenants. 
B.—Lieutenants, Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. 
C.—Indian Staff Corps. 
D.—Quarter-Masters and Riding-Masters. 


A.—Second-Lieutenants. 


1, A commission as Second-Lieutenant in the Cavalry or 
Infantry of Our Army may be given:— 


(a.) 'fo a Cadet who having passed through a year’s course 
of instruction at Our Royal Military College shall have 
passed thereat such a qualifying examination as shall be 
prescribed from time to time by Our Secretary of 
State. 


(d.) To a Lieutenant of one of Our Regiments of Militia, 
or to a Lieutenant of Our Royal Malta Fencible 
Artillery, under such regulations as may be issued 
from time to time by Our Secretary of State. These 
Officers shall’ pass such an examination as may 
be fixed from time to time by Our Secretary of 
State before they receive a commission as Second- 
Lieutenant. 


(c.) Toa Non-commissioned Officer who is recommended for 
promotion by Our Commander-in-Chief, and who sha!] 
have passed such a professional examination as may 
be fixed from time to time by Our Commander-in- 
Chief with the approval of Our Secretary of State, 


In the case of an appointment as Second-Lieutenant in Our 
Household Cavalry or Foot Guards, the Colonel of the Regiment 


shall nominate for Our approval a candidate qualified under this. 


Article. 


7 


B.—Lieutenants, Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. 


2. Commissions as Lieutenants in Our Royal Artillery (except arittery ana 
in the Coast Brigade) or in Our Royal Engineers shall be given, ™5""*"* 
on probation, exclusively to Cadets who shall have passed through 
the course of instruction prescribed for Our Royai Military 
Academy, and shall have there proved themselves qualified at a 
final examination. 


3. A commission as Lieutenant in the Coast Brigade of Our Cosst Brigade 
Royal Artillery shall be given to such Non- commissioned Officer 
of Our Royal Artillery (whose age shall not, unless under 
special circumstances, exceed 40 years) as Our Commander- 
in-Chief, with the approval of Our Secretary of State, may 
recommend, 


€.—Indian Staff Corns, 


4. Appointments shall be made to Our Indian Staff Corps, frtisn Saf 
under such conditions and regulations as Our Secretary of State 
for India in Council may from time to time adopt, from Officers 
of Our Army who shall be under the rank of substantive Major, 
and who shall have served at least two years in Our Army. Such 
Officers shall at first be appointed on probation. 


D.—Quarter-Masters and Riding-Masters. 


5. A commission as Quarter-Master or Riding-Master shall be Quarts Mantst 
given to such Officer or Non-commissioned Officer (whose age mt 
shall not, unless under special circumstances, exceed 40 years) 
as Our Commander-in-Chief, with the approval of Our Secretary 


of State, may recommend. 


II.—PROMOTION. 


Ae: 
B.—Captains. 
C.—Maj ors. 
D.—Lieutenant-Colonels. 
E.—Colonels, 
¥F,—Brigadier-Generals. 
G.—General Officers. 
H.—Field-Marshals. 
I.—Colonels of Regiments and Colonels Commandant. 
K.—General Regulations. 


A.—Liewtenants. 


. A Second-Lieutenant of Our Cavalry or Infantry may, on ticuterant, 
ae occurrence of a vacancy, receive a commission as Lieutenant nee 
under such regulations as may be fixed from time to time by Our 
Commander-in-Chief with the approval of Our Secretary of State. 


7. A Quarter-Master or Riding-Master who may be recom promotion from 
mended for promotion by Our Commander-in-Chief, and who shall Qyinettecen 
have passed such a professional examination as may be fixed from 
time to time by Our Commander-in-Chief with the approval of 
Our Secretary of State, may be granted a commission as a 
Lieutenant in Our Cavalry or Infantry, provided he shall have 
served 12 months as Quarter-Master or Ridmg-Master. 


8 


Foot Guards. 8. A Regimental Lieutenant of Our Foot Guards, who entered ; 


Our Foot Guards before the 27th August 1871, shall have the 
substantive rank of Captain in addition to that of Lieutenant. 


oa 9. A Lieutenant shall be eligible for promotion to the rank 
; of Captain after two years’ service in Our Army, provided he shall 
have passed the professional examination prescribed by art. 60. 


sora in pee 10. A Lieutenant, who may have received his first commission 
pasty sor on or after the 27th August 1871, shall be required to pass the 
ptain. i A c : an : 

professional examination for the rank of Captain within six years 
from the date of his first permanent commission, failing to do 
which he shall be removed from Our Service; unless, under special 
circumstances, it shall appear desirable to Our Secretary of State, 
on the recommendation of Our Commander-in-Chief, that the 
period should be extended. 


B.—Captains. 


Promotion to 11. A qualified Lieutenant shall be eligible for promotion to 
aptain. a 
the rank of Captain— $ 

(a.) Regimentally. 

(b.) Upon half pay, upon the recommendation of Our 
Commander-in-Chief, with the approval of Our Sec- 
retary of State. Such promotions shall not exceed ten 
in any one year. 

(c.) In Ovr Indian Staff Corps, under such regulations as shall 
be made from time to time by Our Secretary of State for 
India in Council. 


Foot Guards. 12. A Regimental Captain of Our Foot Guards, who entered 
Our Foot Guards before the 27th August 1871, shall have the 
substantive rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in addition to that of 
Captain. 


Disqualification 13. A Captain of Our Cavalry or Infantry, other than a Captain 
for promotion. who is a Mounted Officer in Our Foot Guards, if he attained that 
rank on or after the Ist November 1871, or a Captain of Our 
Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers who shall attain that rank on 
or after the lst October 1877, shall not be eligible for promotion 
to a regimental Majority after the following periods of total service 
in all ranks, viz. :— , 
In the case of Our Cavalry and Infantry— 
Until the 31st December 1878 .. so) Q3oeyearse 


? 5 1879., «i, RD eis 
sf 4 1880 .. Negoere  S eS 
From and after lst January 1881 St ae 


In the case of Our Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers— 
Until the 3lst December 1884.. —.._—. 23 years. 
¥3 n PROS isn Bee Be 
f ‘i LOSGcimt) wot ON eee 
From and after 1st January 1887 Ass Web 20 alti 


This Article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations, 


Q 
x 


i. A Captain of Our Household Cavalry or of Our-Cavalry or Disqualification 
for Major of 


Infantry of the Line, if he attained that rank before the Ist Cavalry or 
November 1871, shall not be eligible for promotion to a regi- aa 
mental majority after the following periods of total service in all 
ranks, viz. :— 
Until the 31st December 1878.. .» 28 years. 
m oe 1879’. sale ar ee 
es hm 1880.. Rae, 2ORts, 
From and after the 1st January ]881 .. 25 ,, 


This Article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations. 


15. An Officer of Our Foot Guards, if he attained the rank of Disqualification 
Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel before the Ist November 1871, Major of Foot 
shall not be qualified for promotion to the regimental rank of Major &"*""* 
after the following periods of total service in all ranks, viz. :— 

Until the 31st December 1878 .. .. 33 years. 
ds > 1879 ary ee 32 ” 
% . 1880.. Aaa ga 
From and after 1st January 1881 ei DUN a5 


16. A Captain of Our Cavalry or Infantry, who attained Exemption from 
that rank before the 1st November 1871, may be promoted to } 
the rank of Major without examination, if specially reported 
to Our Commander-in-Chief and approved by him as qualified 
for the rank of Major. 


17. A Captain may be promoted by brevet for distinguished Examination. 
service in the field without passing an examination; but he shall ““"** 
not be appointed to a regimental majority until he shall have passed 
the prescribed examination, unless he succeed to a vacancy while 
serving in the field, in which case the examination may be deferred 
until after such appointment; and the appointment shall only be 
provisional until such examination be passed. 


C.=Majors, 
1g. A qualified Captain shall be eligible for promotion to the Promotion to 
tank of Major after six vears’ service in Our Army— a 


(a.) Regimentally. 

(0.) Upon half pay, -upon the recommendation of Our 
Commander-in-Chief, with the approval of Our Secre- 
tary of State. Such promotions shall not exceed two in 
any one year. 

(c.) Upon half pay, after a total service of not less than 
20 years, provided he attained the regimental rank of 
Captain in Our Cavalry or Infantry before the 1st 
November 1871, or if in Our Royal Artillery or Royal 
Engineers before the 1st October 1877. 

(d.) By brevet, in succession to a Major promoted under art. 
20 (f), if senior in the army rank of Captain and if on full 
pay or in any position in which his service is recognized 
as full-pay service. 


Disqualification 
for promotion, 


Promotion to 
Lieut.-Colonel, 


10 


(e.) By brevet, for distinguished service in the field. 


(f.) By brevet, for distinguished service of an exceptional 
_ nature other than in the field. 


(y.) In Our Indian Staff Corps under such regulations as shall 
be made from time to time by Our Secretary of State 
for India in Council. 


19. A Major of Our Cayalry or of Our Infantry of the Line 
promoted to that rank on or after the Ist November 1871, ora 
Major of Our Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers promoted to that 
rank on or after the 1st October 1877, who shall have had a total 
service of 27 years in all ranks, and who shall have held the sub- 
stantive rank of Major for seven years, shall not-be eligible, except 
as provided in art. 21, for promotion to the rank of Lieutenant- 
Colonel on the Full-pay List. 

A Mounted Officer of Our Foot Guards appointed to that 
position on or after the Ist November 1871, who shall have had 
a total service of 27 years in all ranks, and who shall have held the 
position of Mounted Officer for 7 years, shall not be eligible for 
promotion to the regimental rank of Major in Our Foot Guards. 

This Article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations. 


D.—Lieutenant-Colonels. 


20. A qualified Major shall be eligible for promotion to the 
rank of Lieutenant-Colonel— 


(a.) Regimentally, if holding the substantive rank of Major. 


(b.) Upon half pay, upon the recommendation of Our 
Commander-in-Chief, with the approval of Our Sec- 
retary of State. No more than one such promotion 
shall be made in any one year. 


(c.) Upon half-pay, on removal from a regiment under 
art. 129. 
(d.) Upon half-pay on quitting a regiment of Infantry of 
_ the Line after a total service of 25 years in all ranks, 
provided he attained the regimental rank of Major 
before the 1st November 1871. 


(e.) Upon half pay after five years’ service in the Colonies 
as Deputy Adjutant- and Quarter-Master-General. 


(f.) By brevet, if senior in the army rank of Major, in suc- 
cession to a vacancy on the Establishment of General 
Officers, provided such vacancy occur before the 
1st October 1880. 

(g.) By brevet, for distinguished service in-the field. 

(h.) By brevet, for distinguished service of an exceptional 
nature other than in the field. 

(7.) By brevet, on appointment to be Deputy Adjutant- 
and Qvarter-Master-General abroad where there shall 
not be an Afdjutant-General or Quarter-Master- 
General, provided he hold the substantive rank of Major. 


if 


(k.) By brevet, on removal from the appointment of As- 
sistant Adjutant-General, Assistant Quarter-Master- 
-General, Military Secretar y, or Assistant Military 
Secretary, after‘5 years’ satisfactory service therein as 
a substantive Major, provided the. Officer shall not 
have been retained on the establishment .of a regiment 
or corps or as supernumerary thereto. 
(7.) In Our Indian Staff Corps under such regulations as 
shall be made from time to time by Our Secretary of 
State for {India in Council. 


21. An Officer shall be granted the substantive rank of 
Lieutenant-Colonel on appointment as Major in Our Life Guards 
or the brevet rank of Lieutenant-Colonel on appointment as 
Major in Our Royal Horse Guards; but if he shall have been so 
appointed on or after the 1st November 1871 he shall not be 
eligible for promotion to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel on the 
Full-pay List if he shall have a total service of 27 years in all 
ranks, including 7 years as Substantive Major. 


E.—Colonels. 
22. A Lieutenant-Colonel may attain the rank of Colonel— 


(a.) By regimental succession in Our Royal Artillery or 
Royal Engineers, provided he shall have attained the 
regimental rank of Lieutenant-Colonel before the 1st 
October 1877. 

(6.) By brevet, on appointment as Aide-de-Camp to the 
Sovereign. 

(c.) By brevet, on appointment as regimental Lieutenant- 
Colonel of Our Foot Guards. 

(d.) By brevet, as a reward for distinguished service in the field. 

(e.) By brevet, for distinguished service of an exceptional 

nature, orher than in the field. 
(7) By brevet, after five years’ satisfactory service, with the 


rank, whether: substantive or brevet, of Lieutenant- 
‘olonel— 


(1) In any military appointment, except as com- 
manding a company or as Equerry or Extra 
Equerry. 


(2) In any civil situation approved by Our Secretary 
of State upon the recommendation of Our 
Commander - in - Chief, provided it be of a 
nature to afford practical experience likely to 
be afterwards of advantage in military service. 


(g.) By brevet, after eight years satisfactory service, under 
one or more of the. following conditions :— 


If a substantive Lieutenant-Colonel, or a substantive 
Major with the brevet rank of Lieutenant-Colonel— 


as Kquerry or Extra Equerry to the Sovereign or 
the Prince of Wales ; 7 


Household 
avalry. 


Promotion to 
Colonel. 


12 


(h.) In Our Indian Staff Corps, under such regulations as 
shall be made from time to time by Our Secretary of 
State for India in Council. 


weeecaee: 23. A Colonel shall be eligible for promotion to a vacancy on 


the Establishment of Major-Generals, provided he shall not have 
attained the age stated below :— 


An Officer who shall have attained the rank of Colonel 
before the lst October 1877, sixty-three years. 


An Officer who shall ‘have attained the regimental rank of 
Major in Our Foot Guards, or of Lieutenant-Colonel in 
any other arm of Our Service, before the Ist October 
1877, sixty years. ee Bs, 

An Officer who shall have attained the regimental rank of 
Major, or shall have become a Mounted Officer of Our 
Foot Guards, before the 1st October 1877, fifty-eight 
years. 


An Officer who had not attained the regimental rank of 
Major, or who had not become a Mounted Officer in Our 
Foot Guards, before the 1st October 1877, fifty-five years. 


This rule may be relaxed if in any special case it shall be repre- 
sented to Us by Our Secretary of State, on the recommendation of 
Our Commander-in-Chief, that such relaxation would be for the 
good of Our Service; and, in all cases, a Colonel subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations or a Colonel of Our Royal Marines shall, if 
otherwise qualified, be eligible for promotion to the rank of 
Major-General, notwithstanding that he shall have passed the age 
above prescribed. 


F.—Brigadier-Generals. 


oe 24, The rank of Brigadier-General shall be local or temporary 
: only. 


G.—General Officers. 


. ‘The Separate Lists. 
The Establishment. 
Major-Generals. 

. Lieutenant-Generals: 

Generals. 


sao Sa 


“a. The Separate Lists: 


poe ee 25. The vames of General Officers shall be bone upon three 
separate lists. The first shall contain the names of those on the 
Establishment, and, in italics, the names of those who, having 
been promoted specially, are supernumerary to the Establishment. 
The second shall contain the names of General Officers retired 
under art. 187. The third shall contain the names of those who 


remain on the half pay of their last regimental Commission. 


é. "The Hatablishment.. 


Establishment, 26. The Establishment of Effective General Officers for the 
several branches of Our Service, other than Our Indian Military 
Forces, shall be as follows :— 


13 


BRANCHES, 
, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Ranks, Total 

by 

' . Late Late . 
ay Artil- | Indian | Engi- | Indian taden Matilen Ranks 
fantry lery. Artil- | neers. | Engi- Conus 4 
y lery, neers P 

Generals... ‘a 40 6 5 3 3 14 3 72 

Lieutenant-Generals 60 10 8 6 5 21 4 116 

Major-Generals ...} 100 16 13 9 8 35 6 187 

Total by branches} 200 382 26 18 16 70 13 375 


* To be severally hereafter amalgamated under art. 28. 


27. The several branches detailed in art. 26 shall be kept Branch 
distinct for purposes of promotion, and, subject to the restrictions "™™°"™ 
in arts. 29, 30,31, 38, and 45, every vacancy on the Establish- 
ment of General Officers shall be filled by the transfer of a super- 
numerary General Officer of the same branch of the Service, or 
by the promotion of the senior qualified Colonel of such branch. 

A Colonel on unemployed Full Pay, or on Half-pay, shall, for pur- 
poses of promotion, be held to belong to that branch of the service 
in which he last served when on full pay. Until the separation of 
the Lists of General Officers provided for in art. 29, the Colonels 
of Our Cavalry and Infantry and of Our Indian Staff Corps shall 


constitute one branch for purposes of promotion to the rank of 
Major-General. 


28. When the last effective Officer of Our Royal (late Indian) Amaigamatea 
Artillery and of Our Royal (late Indian) Engineers respectively, Mssior ate? 
shall have been promoted to the rank of Major-General, the 
number of General Officers, as detailed in column 3 of art. 26, 
shall be amalgamated with those in column 2, and the number 
detailed in column 5 shall be amalgamated with those in column 4, 
and thenceforward promotion shall be to such amalgamated lists 
respectively. 


29. The General Officers of Our Cavalry and Infantry and of Guaras and Line 
Our Indian Staff Corps shall continue, for purposes of promotion, to gern a 
form one branch of the establishment, until such time as the senior 
Colonel of Our Indian Staff Corps would have obtained his promo- 
tion to the rank of Major-General, if the vacancies to be absorbed 
under art. 31 had been filled in ordinary course. When that period 
shall have arrived, the establishments of General Officers for Our 
Cavalry and Infantry on the one hand and for Our Indian Staff 
Corps on the other hand shall be separated, and the General Officers 
who shall have been promoted from Our Cavalry and Infantry 
shall form part of the branch detailed in col. 1 of art. 26, and the 
General Officers who shall have been promoted from Our Indian 
Staff Corps shall form part of the branch detailed in col. 6 of 
that article. 'Thenceforth, on a vacancy occurring among the 


Filling up 
vacancies. 


Absorption : , 
Guards and Line 
and Indian Staff 
Corps vacancies. 


Completion of 
establishment. 


Temporary rank. 


- Promotion for 
distinguished 
service in the 
field. 


Seniority and 
Transfer to 
establishment. 


ie t” 
zt 
. 


14 


General Officers of Our Cavalry and Infantry or of Our Indian 
Staff Corps, the senior qualified Colonel of the same branch shall 
be promoted to the rank of Major-General. 


ce. Major-Generals. 


30. The vacancies created by the removal on the 1st of October 
1877 to a Retired List under art. 137 of those General Officers 
who may then have attained the age of 70 years, shall be filled up 
by the promotion of the same number of the senior qualified 
Colonels of the respective branches. 


31. After the promotion of Effective General Officers 
provided for in art. 30, one vacancy in every three among 
General Officers of Our Cavalry and Infantry, which would give 
promotion to a Colonel-of Our Cavalry or Infantry, and every 
vacancy among the General Officers of Our Indian Staff Corps or 
of Our Indian Military Forces which would, under any of Our 
Warrants now in force, give promotion to a Colonel of Our 
Cavalry or Infantry, shall be absorbed until the total number of 
Effective General Officers of those branches shall have been 
reduced to 270 in all, if the separation referred to in art. 29 
shall not have taken place, or to 200 for Our Cavalry and Infantry, 
and to 70 for Our Indian Staff Corps if such separation shall have 
taken place. ; 


32. If at the time the separation provided for in art. 29 takes 
place there be less than 200 General Officers of Our Cavalry and 
Infantry, or less than 70 of Our Indian Staff Corps, those numbers 
shall be at once made up by the absorption of supernumeraries, or 
by the promotion of the senior qualified Colonels of the same 
branch. 


33. Temporary rank and command as Major-General may, 
for the convenience of Our Service, be conferred on a Colonel 
without regard to seniority; and if; in such temporary rank 
and command, he shall have conducted himself to Our satis- 
faction, the rank so held may, upon the special recommendation 
of Our Commander-in-Chief, be converted into permanent rank, 
after having been held for five years in time of peace, or for 
any shorter period in the field in time of war. A Colonel who 
shall vacate an appointment as temporary Major-General, and 
whose temporary rank, shall not have been made permanent, 
may, upon the recommendation of Our Commander-in-Chief, 
with the approval of Our Secretary of State, be made an honorary 
Major-General, and shall retain that rank until he succeed to the 
establishment in virtue of his seniority on the list of Colonels. 


34. Promotion may be conferred upon a Colonel, without regard 
to seniority, for distinguished service in the field; and in such case 
the recommendation of Our Commander-in-Chief, detailing the 
services for which the Officer is promoted, shall be published in 
the General Orders of the Army and in the ‘‘ London Gazette.” 


35. A Colonel, promoted after temporary service in the rank of 
General Officer, or for distinguished service in the field, shall take 


his seniority for promotion or otherwise from the date of his “ 


t 


15. 


permanent rank as published in the “ London Gazette.” He shall 
be supernumerary to the Establishment of General Officers until 
the time when he would have attained the rank of Major-General 
by seniority, had he not been specially promoted from the rank of 
Colonel. 

d. Lieutenant-Generals. 


' 36. A vacancy in the Establishment of Lieutenant-Generals Promotion to 
shall_be filled by the promotion of the senior effective Major-General 
General of the same branch on the Establishment, and any 
supernumerary Major-General of the same branch senior to such 


Officer shall at the same time be promoted. 


37. The vacancies in the: rank of Lieutenant-Gereral caused Filling up 
by the removal, on the 1st October 1877, to a Retired List under “""™ 
art. 137 of Lieutenant-Generals or Generals who may then have 
attained the age of 70 years shall be filled up by the promotion of 
as many qualified Major-Generals of the same branch. 


38. For every three vacancies in the rank of Major-General Absorption: 
of Our Cayalry and Infantry and Indian Staff Corps, absorbed“ 
under art. 31, one vacancy in the rank of Lieutenant-General 
shall be absorbed in the same branch until the total number. of 
effective Lieutenant-Generals of Our Cavalry and Infantry shall be 
reduced to 60, and those of the Indian Staff Corps to 21. 

39. A Major-General retired under art. 137, or a Major-General Promotion on 
on the half-pay of his last regimental Commission, shall be hhetived Ligh. 
promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General when the Officer on 
the Establishment of the same branch who was next junior to him 
on the list of Colonels shall obtain such promotion. 


40. Temporary rank and command, as Lieutenant-General, temporary rank 
may, for the convenience of Our Service, be conferred, without 
regard to seniority, on a Major-General, or on a Colonel who has 
been employed in the temporary rank of Major-General. If 
in such temporary rank and command he shall have conducted 
himself to Our satisfaction for five years in time of peace, or for 
any shorter period in the field in time of war, he may, upon the 
special recommendation of Our Commander-in-Chief, be granted 
a step of permanent rank. 

41, Promotion may be conferred upon a Major-General, without Promotion foe 
regard to seniority, for distinguished service in the field; and service ih ee 
in such case the recommendation of Our Commander-in-Chief, 
detailing the services for which the Officer is promoted, shall be 
published in the General Orders of the Army and in the “ London 
Gazette.” 

42. An Officer promoted to the permanent rank of Lieutenant- Seniority ana 
General after temporary service in that rank, or for distinguished gtapishment 
service in the field, shall take his seniority for promotion, or 
otherwise, from the date of promotion to permanent rank as 
published in the “ London Gazette.” He shall be supernumerary 
to the Establishment of Lieutenant-Generals or (if again promoted) 
of Generals until the time when he would have attained the rank of 
Lieutenant-General by seniority, had he not heen specially pro- 


moted from the rank of Major-General. 


Promotion to 
General, 


Filling up 
vacancies. 


16 


e. Generals, 


43. A vacancy in the Establishment of Generals shall be filled 
by the promotion of the senior effective Lieutenant-General of 
the same branch on the Establishment, and any supernumerary 
Lieutenant-General of the same branch senior to such Officer shall 
at the same time be promoted. 


44, The vacancies in the rank of General caused by the removal, 
on the Ist October 1877, to a Retired List of Generals who may 
then have attained the age of 70 years, shall be filled up by the 
promotion of as many qualified Lieutenant-Generals of the same 


branch, 


Absorption : 
Guards and Line. 


Promotion on 
half-pay list or 
Retired List. 


Temporary rank. 


Promotion for 
distinguished 
service in the field. 


Seniority and 
transfer 
to establishment. 


« 


Promotion to 
Field-Marshal, 


45. For every two vacancies in the rank of Lieutenant-General 
of Our Cavalry and Infantry and Our Indian Staff Corps, absorbed 
under art. 38, one vacancy in the rank of General shall be absorbed 
in the same branch, until the total number of effective Generals of 
Our Cavalry and Infantry shall be reduced to 40, and those of 
Our Indian Staff Corps to 14. 


46. A Lieutenant-General retired under art. 137, or a Lieu- 
tenant-General on the half pay of his last regimental Commission, 
shall be promoted to the rank of General when the Officer on the 
Establishment of the same branch who was next junior to him on 
the list of Colonels shall obtain such promotion. 


47. Temporary rank and command as General may, for the 
convenience of Our Service, be conferred, without regard to seni- 
ority, on a Lieutenant-General, or on a Major-General or Colonel 
who has beenemployed in the temporary rank of Lieutenant-General. 
If, in such temporary rank and command, he shall have conducted 
himself to Our satisfaction, for five years in time of peace, or for 
any shorter period in the field in time of war, he may, upon the 
special recommendation of Our Commander-in-Chief, be granted 
a step of permanent rank. 


48. Promotion may be conferred upon a Lieutenant-General, 
without regard to seniority, for distinguished service in the field; 
and in such case the recommendation of Our Commander-in- 
Chief, detailing the services for which the Officer is promoted, 
shall be published in the-General Orders of the Army and in the 
* London Gazette.” 


49. An Officer promoted to the permanent rank of General 
after temporary service in that rank, or for distinguished service 
in the field, shall take his seniority from the date of promotion 
to permanent rank as published in the “ London Gazette.” He 
shall be supernumerary to the Establishment of Generals until 
the time when he would have attained such rank by seniority, had 
he not been specially promoted from the rank of Lieutenant- 
General. ‘ 


H.—Field-Marshals. 
50. An Officer shall be promoted to the rank of Field-Marshal 


at the will of the Sovereign, and the rank shall be conferred 
without reference to seniority. A General Officer retired under 


17 


art. 137, shall remain eligible for promotion to the rank of Field- 
Marshal. The promotion of a General Officer on the Establish- 
ment to be a Field-Marshal shall create a vacancy in the Hstablish- 
ment of General Officers. ’ 


y I.—Colonels of Regiments and Colonels Commandant. 

51. The appointment of Colonel of a Regiment or of Colonel Appointment. 
Commandant of the 60th Regiment, the Rifle Brigade, a Brigade of © 
Royal Artillery, ora Battalion of Royal Engineers, shall be filled by 
selection fromthe Field-Marshals, from the Establishment of General 
Officers, or from the General Officers retired under art. 137, of the 
branch of the Service as detailed in art. 26 in which the vacancy 
occurs, such selection being made on the recommendation of Our 
Commander-in-Chief, with the approval of Our Secretary of State. 
The removal of a General Officer to the Retired List under art. 
137 shall not disqualify him from continuing to hold such 
appointment. 


K.—General Regulations. 


52. Every promotion shall be made upon the recommendation General Rule. 
of Our Commander-in-Chief, with the approval of Our Secretary 
of State. 


53. The selection of an Officer to succeed to any vacancy which Succession to a 
may occur in Our Cavalry or Infantry caused by the retirernent of *"°™""" 
an Officer shall not be made, until such retirement shall have been 
completed and shall have been published in the “ London Gazette.” 


54. If a vacancy occur in the establishment of any rank in a Absorption of ” 
regiment or corps in which there shali be a supernumerary Officer, SP™umern’” 
under art. 68, such vacancy shall be filled by the absorption of 
the supernumerary Officer, except in cases of reduction of estab- 
lishment, which shall be specially considered. When there shall 
have been more than one supernumerary Officer in a regiment 
or corps the case shall also be specially considered. 


55. Succession to vacancies in the establishment of regiments Sucesesioni ty 
of Cavalry or Infantry shall, subject to art. 54, be regulated as “°"""" 
follows :— 


(a.) If a vacancy be caused by the promotion, death, or geniority. 
seconding of an Officer below the rank of Lieutenant- 
Colonel, the promotion necessary to fill the vacancy 
shall (unless it-be expedient that such vacancy be other- 
wise filled) be given to the senior qualified Officer of 
each lower rank in the regiment. 
(6.) If a vacancy be caused by the retirement of an From halfpay. 
Officer upon temporary half pay, it shall, when practi- 
cable, be filled by the absorption or transfer of a 
supernumerary, or, should there be no such super- 
numerary, by the restoration to full pay of a duly 
qualified Officer from half pay. In the event of 
there being neither a supernumerary nor a half pay 
Officer available, the vacancy shall be filled by such 
qualified Officer as Our Commander-in-Chief may 
select with the approval of Our Secretary of State. 
ay Cc 


Selection. 


Royal Artillery 
and Royal 
Engineers, 


Restoration of 
unattached 
Officer to full 
pay. 


Brevet promotion 
of Officersbrought 
from half pay. 


Staff Officer of 
Pensioners, 


Examination for 
promotion. 


18 


(c.) If a vacancy arise in the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel 
and there be on half pay a qualified Lieutenant-Colonel 
of the same arm of the Service who shall have been 
placed on half pay under art. 131 before completing 5 
years’ service as a substantive Lieutenant-Colonel, such 
Officer shall be brought back to fill the vacancy, and 
shall take seniority as if he had not been removed to 
half pay on appointment to the Staff; unless, upon the 
recommendation of Our Commander-in-Chief, Our 
Secretary of State shall think it desirable for the good 
of Our Service that the vacancy be otherwise filled. 


(d.) If a vacancy arise in the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, 
or in any lower rank, from any other cause than 
those specified in this article under (a) and (8), 
it shall be filled by a qualified Officer of Our Army, 
who shall be selected by Our Commander-in-Chief, 
with the approval of Our Secretary of State. 


56. Succession to vacancies in the establishment of Our Royal 
Artillery and Our Royal Engineers shall, subject to art. 54 and to 
the limitation in art. 22 (@), be given to the senior qualified officer 
of each lower rank in the regiment or corps; unless, upon the 
recommendation of Our Commander-in-Chief, Our Secretary of 
State shall consider the circumstances of the case to be so ex~- 
ceptional as to justify a departure from this rule. 


57. An Officer promoted to half pay under article 11 (4), 18 (6), 
or 20 (4), shall be brought back to full pay, in the branch of the 
Service from which he shall have been promoted, within one year 


‘of such promotion. In the event of an Officer not being brought 


back to full pay within one year of his promotion, a special report 
shall be made to Our Secretary of State by Our Commander-in- 
Chief of the circumstances which may have rendered such an 

exception necessary. ei. 


58. An Officer not below the regimental rank of Captain who 
shall be brought from half pay to full pay to serve, or who shall 
retire from half pay receiving the value of his Commission under 
the Regulation of the Forces Act, 1871, may be* granted brevet 
promotion up to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel inclusive, pro- 
vided the Officer next junior in army rank on the Full Pay 
List shall have become entitled by seniority to brevet promotion 
in a corresponding rank. 


59. A Staff Officer of Pensioners, after a satisfactory service 
of 14 years as such, or of seven years with brevet rank, shall, on 
vacating his appointment, be eligible for a step of substantive rank 
ov half pay. 


60. An Officer below the rank of Major, except as specified 
in articles 16 and 17, shall not be recommended to Us for 
promotion unless he shall have previously passed such pro- 
fessional examination as may be fixed from time to time by 
Our Commander-in-Chief, with the approval of Our Secretary 
of State. An Officer serving with his regiment at a distant 


oS ig 


foreign station may be provisionally promoted to a vacancy 
previously to passing his examination; but such promotion shall 
be cancelled, should he fail to pass such examination. ~~ 


61. The promotion of a Subaltern Officer, who may be taken Prisoner of War. 

a prisoner of war, may, on the recommendation of Our Com- 
mander-in-Chief, with the approval of Our Secretary of State, take 
place in the same manner as if he were effective with his regiment. 
In the case of a Captain, who, if he had not been made prisoner, 
would, by his regimental standing, have succeeded to the rank of 
Major, the loss of promotion, consequent on capture by the enemy 
may subsequently in like manner be made. good to him after his 
exchange or release, so far as may be practicable, by his being 
advanced to the substantive rank which he would have attained had 
he not been taken prisoner, and by the antedating of his commis- 
sion. 


III._SECONDED, SUPERNUMERARY, AND RESERVE OFFICERS. 


A.—Seconded Officers. 
B.—Supernumerary Officers. 
C.—Reserve List of Royal Engineers, 
D.—Privileges. 


A.—Seconded Officers. 


62. An Officer below the substantive rank of Lieutenant- seconaing of 

Colonel appointed to the Staff, or to hold any appointment other than °™°" 
regimental approved by Our Secretary of State, or a Lieutenant- 
Colonel of Our Royal Artillery appointed to a civil situation, shall, 
on completing three months’ service in such appointment, or in the 
case of an Aide-de-Camp one year’s service as such, be seconded in 
his Regiment. This Article shall not apply in the case of an Officer 
of Our Royal Engineers lent for employment under a Civil Depart- 
ment, whose case is provided for in articles 69 to 76. 


63. When an Officer, not of Our Royal Engineers, shall be pro- oficers 
visionally appointed to a civil situation, he may be continued on the ™ “vempley. 
establishment of the regiment for six months; and if at the end 
of that period it shall_be considered requisite to retain him in 
civil employment, he shall then be seconded. From that date 
the whole of his emoluments shall be derived from the Civil 
Department in which he may be employed. 


64. After such Officer shall have been seconded for 10 years for rimit otsecondea 
the purpose of holding a civil situation, he shall, unless he retire °° 
from the Army, rejoin his regiment as a supernumerary. 


65. A seconded Officer shall on being promoted to a Lieutenant- Promotion of 
Coloneley or Majority in a Regiment or Corps, join the Regiment f$Saa rank. 
or Corps to which he may be promoted, unless the appoint- 
ment for which he was seconded be again granted to him in the 


higher rank. i 
‘ C2 


Return to regi- 
ment. 


Exception. 


Retention as 
Supernumerary. 


Temporary 
civil employ- 
ment. 


Temporary 
Reserve List. 


Return from 
temporary 
Reserve List. 


' Permanent 


Reserve List. 


Permanent 
Reserve List. 


20 


66. A seconded Officer who shall complete the term of 
service fixed for his appointment, or shall resign it on grounds 
satisfactory to Our Secretary of State, and whose service is not 
longer than the limit fixed for his rank by article 127 or 129, 
shall rejoin his Regiment as supernumerary in his rank, retaining 
his regimental position. 


67. A seconded Officer who shall resign his appointment on 
grounds not satisfactory to Our Secretary of State, shall be liable 
to be placed upon temporary half pay under the conditions of 
art. 159. 

; B.—Supernumerary Officers. 3 

68. An Officer shall be retained as supernumerary on the 

strength of his Regiment or Corps" 


(a.) in case of a reduction in the establishment of the Regi- 
ment or Corps, when his retention is authorized by Our 
Secretary of State ; 

(b.) while awaiting a vacancy, after returning from the 
Seconded List under art. 64 or 66, or after the cessation 
of civil employment in the case of an Officer of Our 
Royal Engineers on the Temporary Reserve List, 


: C.—Reserve List of Royal Engineers. . 

69. An Officer of Our Royal Engineers, who may, with the 
approval of Our Secretary of State, be temporarily lent for 
employment in a civil situation shall be continued on the Estab- 
lishment of his corps. 


70. An Officer lent for employment under art. 69, when in 
receipt of regimental pay, shall be liable to be recalled to military 
duty whenever required by Our Secretary of State. If, however, 
his recall from civil duties be certified to be attended with incon- 
venience to the Public Service, he shall, unless he be serving in 
India, be temporarily placed on a Reserve List; and his place 
in Our Corps of Royal Engineers shall, with the concurrence 
of the Lords Commissioners of Our Treasury, be filled up, if 
that course shall be recommended by Our Commander-in- 
Chief with the approval of Our Secretary of State. 


71. An Officer temporarily on the Reserve List relinquishing 
his civil employment on grounds satisfactory to Our Secretary of 
State, before completing 10 years of continuous civil employment, 
may return to his Corps at any time if his place therein shall not 
have been filled up, or, if it have been filled up, en the occurrence 
of a vacancy in his rank. 


72, An Officer who does not elect to return to the Establish- 
ment, shall, on completion of 10 years of continuous civil employ- 
ment, be placed permanently on the Reserve List. 


78. An Officer lent for civil employment under art. 69, may 
at any time, at the request of the Head of the Department under 
which he is employed, and with the permission of Our Secretary of 
State, elect to continue permanently in that employment; in which 
case, unless he be serving in India, he shall be placed permanently 
on the Reserve List. 


ot. 


74. An Officer permanently on the Reserve List shall, unless Pay of officer on 
recalled to military service, cease to have any claim to pay or Reserve List, 
emoluments from Army Funds. 

75. A vacancy caused in the corps by an Officer being Succession 
placed permanently on the Reserve List shall be filled up, if that Reserve List. 
course be recommended by Our Commande:-in-Chief, and approved 
by Our Secretary of State. 


76. An Officer on the Reserve List shall, in case of emer- Recall to Military 
gency, be liable to be recalled to military service by Our Secretary °°" 
of State. 


D.—Privileges. 


77. An Officer supernumerary to the establishment of his position 
Regiment or Corps, or on the Seconded List,'or on the Reserve 24 Promotion. 
List of Our Royal Engineers (provided he continue in the civil 
service of the State and keep himself efficient for duty as a military 
Engineer), shall retain his military position, and be eligible for 
promotion precisely as if he had remained on the establishment of 
such Regiment or Corps. . If the Officer be supernumerary he shall 
succeed in his turn to a vacancy in the next higher rank. If the 
Officer be on the Seconded List and hold rank not below that of 
Captain, he shall also succeed to such vacancy; but if his rank 
be below that of Captain, or if he be on the Reserve List of Our 
Royal Engineers, he shall be promoted when a vacancy shall occur 
for the Officer on the establishment next below him in seniority. 


78. The promotion to higher military rank of an Officer Promotion not to 
seconded for the purpose of holding a civil situation, or of an “OVP 
Officer on the Reserve List of Royal Engineers shall not give him 
any claim to augmentation of his Civil emoluments, nor to any 
Military pay or allowances, except when employed on Military 
Service. 

~ 79. An Officer of Our Army employed in a civil situation Military status of 
shall not be entitled by virtue of his military rank to assume employment. 
any military command, unless called out for military service by 
Our Secretary of State. He shall be liable, however, in any 
case of necessity, to serve on Courts-Martial, or to perform such 
temporary military duties as Our Secretary of State may direct. 


IV.—EXCHANGES,. 


80. An Officer of Our Regular Forces shall be permitted to Fxchanges. 
exchange from one Regiment or Corps to another Regiment or 
Corps, under such conditions and regulations as have already been 
or may hereafter from time to time be approved by Us. 


81. A Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel of Our Foot Guards, Foot Guards. 
provided he be a Mounted Officer, may be permitted to exchange 
with a Regimental Lieutenant-Colonel of Our Infantry of the 
Line; and.a Lieutenant and Captain of Our Foot Guards may 
be permitted to exchange with a Captain of Our Cavalry>~ 
Infantry of the Line. . 


Position of 
exchanging 
officer. 3 


Linked 
Battalions. 


22 


82. An Officer exchanging into a Regiment of Our Cavalry or 
Infantry, shall, except as limited by art. 83, be placed for regi- 
mental seniority below all Officers holding the same regimental 
rank at the time of his exchange, except in the case of a Lieutenant 
whose commission bears date before the 28th October 1871, who 
will, on being brought into a Regiment from full or half pay, or 
by exchange with an Officer who was a Lieutenant prior to the 
28th October 1871, be placed next above the senior Lieutenant of 
such Regiment who may not have completed three years’ service. 


83. An’ Officer who obtained his first commission subsequently 


to the 8th April 1878, exchanging or being transferred from one to 


Definition. 


Full ay. 


Promotion 
and voluntary 
retirement. 


Removal from a 
Regiment. 


Commencement. 


Extra servico for 
Lucknow, 


another battalion of a Sub-District Brigade shall, on exchanging 
or being transferred, take regimental seniority in the same manner 
as if transferred from one to another battalion of the same regiment. 


V.—THE RECKONING OF SERVICE. 


84. Service shall be reckoned as full pay service or half pay 
service. 


85. Full pay service shall include— 
(a.) Service with a regiment. 
(b.) Service while seconded. 
(c.) Service while upon the Temporary Reserve List of Our 
Royal Engineers. 
(d.) Half the Service in the ranks in case of an Officer pro 
moted therefrom. 


86. Full-pay service only shall reckon towards promotion and - 


towards voluntary retirement, except in the cases of Officers pro- 
moted from the ranks provided for in articles 115, 119, 120 and 121. 


87. Half-pay service and leave of absence, with or without pay, 
shall reckon towards the period on completion of which an Officer 
shall be liable to removal from a Regiment or Corps. 


88. The service of an Officer shall be reckoned from the 
date of his First Permanent Commission, except in the case 
of an Officer promoted from the ranks. Service rendered 
before the age of 20 shall not, however, reckon towards the 
period qualifying an Officer for retirement (other than on Retired 
Full Pay or Half Pay); towards the period after which an Officer 
shall be removed from his regiment; nor towards the period 
disqualifying an Officer for promotion. 


89. The one year’s service granted to the garrisons which 
defended Lucknow and the Alumbagh respectively, prior to the 
advance of any portion of the forces under the late Field-Marshal 
Lord Clyde, shall reckon as actual service towards retirement, 
but not towards the period on the completion of which an officer 
shall be liable to removal from his regiment, nor towards the 
period disqualifying an Officer for promotion. 


- e 


i 


23 , 


90. An Officer’s Staff Service shall reckon towards qualification stat service. 


for promotion from the date of his Commission to the Staff. If 
not commissioned to the Staff, such service shall reckon from the 
date of assuming duty at home, or, in the case of a Staff ap- 
pointment abroad, from the date of embarkation for the outward 
voyage until the date of disembarkation on returning home, if he 
shall return without delay. No period of Acting Staff service of 
less than six months’ duration shall reckon, unless it be converted 
into actual Staff service by subsequent confirmation. 


91. A Lieutenant-Colonel of Our Infantry of the Line who 
attained the substantive rank of Major before the Ist November 
1871, and who shall not have received on going to half pay the 
over-regulation value of his commission, may, on removal from his 
regiment under art. 130, count time thereafter on half pay towards 
the 30 years’ full pay service required as a qualification for retire- 
ment on full pay under art. 115. 


92. An Unattached General Officer or a Brevet-Colonel of Our 
Royal Artillery or Our Royal Engineers, who shall have been 
removed under art. 130 from the regiment or corps after 
five years’ service as substantive Lieutenant-Colonel, may count 
time thereafter on half pay towards the 40 years’ full-pay service 
required as a qualification for retirement under art. 174 (9). 


VI._CONDITIONS OF RETIREMENT. 


A.—Voluntary Retirement. 
B.—Removal from Regiments. and Appointments. 
- C.—Retirement on account of age. 


A.—Voluntary Retirement. 


93. An Officer on full pay, after not Jess than twelve years’ 
service, may be permitted to retire from Our Army with a pension 
or gratuity, according to the scale laid down in art. 174, but he 
shall be liable to serve when called upon, in a case of national 
emergency, in Our Regular or Auxiliary Forces up to the age of 45, 
if he retire as a Lieutenant or Captain; up to the age of 55 if he 
retire as a Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, or Colonel; or up to the 
age of 70 if he retire as a General Officer. This article shall not 
apply to an Adjutant in Our Household Cavalry, an Officer in the 
Coast Brigade of Our Royal Artillery, a Quarter-Master, or a 
Riding-Master. 


94, A Captain of Our Regular Forces shall be eligible to be 
transferred for service in the Militia of Our United Kingdom; and 
while so serving in the Militia shall, for a period not exceeding 
10 years, be upon Half-Pay. During such period he may be per- 
mitted to retire from Our Army, receiving the value of any sale- 
able commission he may have held on the Ist November 1871, 
less any sum he may have already received as over-regulation value 
on going to half pay. 


Special : Infanytr 
Lieut.-Colonel. 


Unattached 
General Officer 
or Brevet- 
Colonel of 
Artillery or 
Engineers. 


Retirement after 
15 years. 


Transfer to 
ilitia. 


Retired half pay 
with liability for 
service. 


Captain or 
Subaltern. 


Captain or 
Subaltern. 


Purchase- 
Captains. 


Captains : 
Royal Artillery 
and Royal 
Engineers: 
Special. 


Captain and 
Lieutenant- 
Colonel, Foot 
Guards. 


24 


95. A Captain of Our Regular Forces, after 15 and not more 
than 20 years’ service, may be permitted to retire on half pay; 
but he shall be liable until the age of 45 to serve whenever called 
upon, in Our Regular Forces or in Our Auxiliary Forces, and such 
Officer, should he neglect to serve when so called upon, shall, 


unless incapacitated by illness, proved to Our Secretary of State, 


be removed from Our Army. On attaining the age of 45, such 
Officer, if still on half pay, may be granted a step of honorary 
rank. A Captain of Infantry of the Line who attamed that rank 
before the 1st November 1871, may, subject to the same condi- 
tions, be permitted to retire on half pay, with the gratuity provided 
under art. 175, after 12 and not more than 20 years’ service. 


96. An Officer not above the rank of Captain retiring from 
Our Army after 20 years’ service on the pension laid down in 
art. 174, may be granted a step of honorary rank. 


97. An Officer placed on half pay under art. 126 or 127 
may at any time thereafter be permitted to retire from Our Army 
on the pension laid down in article 174, with a step of honorary 
rank, provided he have not received any sum as the over- 
regulation value of his commission on being placed on half pay. 
Such Officer shall be liable to be recalled to Our Service as stated 
in art. 93. 


98. A Captain on full pay of Our Household Cavalry or of 
Our Cavalry or Infantry of the Line, who attained that rank before 
the 1st November 1871, and who under the Regulation of the 


Forces Act, 1871, would be entitled on retiring to half pay to any - 


over-regulation money, may, after 20 years’ service, be permitted 
to retire from Our Army with a step of honorary rank, ona special 
pension under art. 176, or to retire from his regiment as a Major on 
half pay. Ifa Cavalry Officer, he shall, on retiring from his regi- 
ment on half pay, receive a gratuity under art. 177. An. Officer 
retiring from Our Army under this art. shall be liable to be re- 
called to Our Service as stated in art. 93. 


99. A Captain of Our Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers, who 
attained that rank before the Ist October 1877, may after 20 
years’ service be permitted to retire from his regiment as a Major 
on half pay. 


100. A Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel of Our Foot Guards, 
who was a Regimental Lieutenant in Our Foot Guards before the 
1st November 1871, and who under the Regulation of the Forces 
Act, 1871, would be entitled on retiring to half pay toany over- 
regulation money, may, on completing a total service of 20 years, 
be permitted to retire from Our Army on the special pension laid 
down in art. 178, with a step of honorary rank. An Officer placed 
upon half pay under art. 128 may at any time be permitted to 
retire from Our Army under this article, provided he have not 
received any sum as the over-regulation value of his Commission 
on being placed on half pay. Such Officer shall be liable to be 
recalled to Our Service as stated in art, 93. 


25 


101. A Captain and LiecwencteKiolouel of Our Foot Guards, Purchase: | 
who attained that rank before the lst November 1871, shall be Liowanae 
entitled, after 30 years’ service, to retire from Our Army Ryle co eiacad 
step of ‘honorary rank on the terms laid down in art. 179. Such 
Officer shall be liable to be recalled to Our Service as stated in 
art, 93. 


102. A Major, other than of Our Foot Guards, or a Mounted Majors. 
Officer of Our Foot Guards, after completing seven years’ service 
as substantive Major, or as Mounted Officer respectively, and not 
less than 27 years’ total service, may be permitted to retire from 
Our Army with a step of honorary rank on the pension laid down in 
art. 174 (d). A Major other than of Our Foot Guards, ora 
Mounted Officer of Our Foot Guards, placed upon half pay as a 
Lieutenant-Colonel under art. 129 may be permitted to retire at 
any time from Our Army on the pension laid down for a Major in 
art. 174 {d), provided he have not received any sum as the over- 
regulation value of his Commission on being placed on half pay 
Such Officer shall be liable to be recalled to Our Service as 
stated in art. 93. 


103. A Regimental Majbe of Our Cavalry or Infantry, who Purchases 
attained that substantive rank before the 1st. November 1871, or a ™™°™* 
Mounted Officer of Our.Foot Guards who was a Mounted Officer 
before the 1st November 1871, may be permitted to retire on 
half pay after five years’ tenure of his present Commission as 
Major, or of his appointment as Mounted Officer, provided such 
retirement be recommended by Our Commander-in-Chief with 
the approval of Our Secretary of State. 


104. A Regimental Major on full pay of Our Infantry of the Purchase-Majors. 
Line who attained that substantive rank before the 1st November @™”"""™ 
1871, and who under the Regulation of the Forces Act, 1871, 
would be entitled on retiring to half pay to any over-regulation 
money, shall be entitled, after 25 years’ service, to retire from Our 
Army on the terms laid down in art. 180, with a step of honorary 
rank ; or to retire from his regiment on half pay with the substan- 
tive rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and the right to retire from Our 
Army at any time thereafter under art. 162. An Officer retiring 
from Our Army under this article shall be liable to be recalled to 
Our Service as stated in art. 93. 


105. A Hasimental Maj or on full pay of Our Household Cavalry purcnase-Captain 
or of Our Cavalry or Infantry of the Line, who was a Captain on full foot ° 
pay on the 31st October 1871 and attained the substantive rank 
of Major before, or within six months after, the lst October 
1877, and who under the Regulation of the Forces Act, 1871, 
would be entitled, on retiring to half pay to any over-regulation 
money, may, after 20 years’ service, be permitted to retire from Our 
Army on a special pension, under art. 176, or to retire from his 
regiment upon half pay. If a Cavalry Officer, he shall, on retiring 
from his regiment on half. pay, receive a gratuity under art. 17 7. 
An Officer retiring from Our Army under this article shall be liable 
to be recalled to Our Service as stated in art. 93, 


Unattached 
General Officer, 


Colonel, or Brevet 
Colonel, Artillery 


or Engineers, 


Disqualification 


for Coloneley, 


Disqualification 
of Retired 
Officer. 


Half pay after . 
25 years’ service 


Adjutant of 


~ Household 


Cavalry, 


Quarter-Master, | 


Riding-Master, 
Officers of Coast 
Brigade. 


Quarter-Master, 
West India 
Regiment. 


Half pay when 
there is a super- 
numerary. 


28 


the Service. This article shall not apply to any Officer whose 
first permanent Commission shall date after the 1st October 1877, 
nor to any Officer of the Coast Brigade of Our Royal Artillery, 
nor to any Officer subject to Indian Retiring Regulations. 


116. A Regimental Colonel of Our Royal Artillery or Royal 
Engineers may retire from Our Army after 40 years’ service on the 
special pension laid down in art. 182. An Unattached General 
Officer of Our Royal Artillery or Our Royal Engineers, or a Brevet- 
Colonel of either Corps who shall have been promoted to the 
substantive rank of Lieutenant-Colonel after the 1st October 
1877, and shall have served five years in that rank, may retire, 
after 40 years’ service, under art. 174 (g). 


117. An Officer retiring under article 114 or 116 shall be 
ineligible for the appointment of Colonel of a Regiment or Colonel 
Commandant. 


118. Any Officer who shall retire from Our Army on any 
pension laid down in this Our Warrant shall be ineligible (except 
where otherwise provided in this Our Warrant) for further promo- 
tion or appointment in Our Army, unless recalled to Our Service 
under art. 93. 


119. An Officer, whose first commission was obtained 
before the Ist October 1877, not being an Adjutant in Our 
Household Cavalry, a Quarter-Master, or a Riding-Master, 
shall have an unqualified right to be placed on_ half pay 
after a total service of 25 years, provided that in the 
case of an Officer promoted from the ranks ‘he shall have 
served as a Commissioned Officer for 10 years. An Officer 
of Our West India Regiments, whose first Commission was 
obtained before the 1st October 1877, not heing a Quarter-Master, 
shall also have an unqualified right so to retire after 21 years’ 
service, including 12 in a West India Regiment, or after 16 years’ 
continuous service in the West Indies or on the West Coast of 
Africa, including leave of absence, provided he shall be serving in 
a West India Regiment at the time of such retirement. 


120, An Adjutant of Our Household Cavalry, an Officer of the 
Coast Brigade of Our Royal Artillery, a Quarter-Master, or a 
Riding-Master, after 30 years’ total service, of which 10 years 
shall have been as Commissioned Officer, shall have an unqualified 
right to retire on the half pay laid down in art. 148, 


121.. A Quarter-Master of a West India Regiment shall have an 
unqualified right to retire, with the honorary rank of Captain, on 
the half pay laid down in art. 154, after 25 years’ total service, of 
which 10 years shall have been as Quarter-Master, provided he have 
served 12 years in a West India regiment, or 16 years continu- 
ously in the West Indies or on the West Coast of Africa, including 
leave of absence. 


122. A regimental Officer, supernumerary in consequence of a 
reduction of establishment, may at any time, at his own request, 
be placed upon temporary half pay on the recommendation — 


29 


of Our Commander-in-Chief, with the approval of Our Secretary 
of State. So long as such Officer shall remain supernumerary, 
any Officer of like rank in the regiment may in a similar manner 
be placed upon temporary half pay at his own request, and the 
supernumerary Officer shall then succeed to the vacancy thus 
created. In either case the Officer so placed upon half pay shall 
be liable to be brought back to full pay whenever his services may 
be required. 


123. Except in the case of an officer retiring under art. 119, Limitation of 
120, or 121, and in the case of an officer passed over as being Miitemente 
ineligible for promotion on account of length of sérvice, whose 
right to retire shall be unquestionable, voluntary retirement with 
pension, half pay, or gratuity shall only be permitted when it shall 
be deemed expedient by Our Secretary of State. Before such 
voluntary retirement be permitted, it shall be specially recom- 
mended by Our Commander-in-Chief, and approved by Our 
Secretary of State. 


124. An Officer retiring from a regiment or from Our Army Renunciation of 
under the provisions of any of the following articles 93, 95, 97, 98, bes menbas 
100 to 102, 104, 105,108 to 112,161, 162, and 174 to 181, shall 
be held by Us to have renounced all claims of which he may be 
possessed at the time of such retirement to payments from moneys 
now administered by the Commissioners appointed under the 
Regulation of the Forces Act, 1871. 


125. An Officer applying for permission to sell his Commission officer setiing 
shall, if serving with a Regiment, be required to produce a certifi- °™™™ 
cate from the Medical Officer doing duty with the Regiment, or if 
not so serving, from a military Medical Officer on full or half pay, 
not under the rank of Surgeon-Major, in which certificate such 
Medical Officer shall certify, in his own handwriting, that he has 
carefully examined the applicant and that he is in a good state of 
health. Should the Officer not be in good health, the examining 
Medical Officer shall substitute for this certificate a brief descrip- 
tion of the disease or disability, adding his opinion as to whether 
it does or does not threaten early death. In this case a period of 
six weeks from the date of the application to sell must elapse before 
it can be taken into consideration. 


B.—Removal from Regiments and Appointments. 


126. A Second Lieutenant or Lieutenant of Our Household tieutenant or 
Cavalry, or of Our Cavalry or Infantry of the Line, who shall have 784 Lieutenant. 
attained that rank subsequently to the 3lst October 1871, or 
a Second Lieutenant or Lieutenant of Our Foot Guards, who shall 
have obtained his first Commission subsequently to that date, or a 
Lieutenant of Our Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers entering the 
service on or after the Ist October 1877, shall, unless he elect to 
retire from Our Army under art. 93, be placed on half pay on com- 
pleting the following service in all ranks :— 


Until the 31st December 1878.. .. 23 years. 
is sae POIGV Aa) ae) 288 
is ¥ IBSNS Ys fey DA 

From and after the Ist Jan. 1881 da iZ0 


33 
b>) 


Captains. 


Captain and 
Lieutenant- 
Colonel, Foot 
Guards, 


Majors. 


30 


This article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations. 


127, A Captain of Our Household Cavalry, or of Our Cavalry or 
Infantry of the Line, who shall have attained that rank subsequently 
to the 31st October 1871, or a Captain of Our Foot Guards who 
shall have obtained his first commission subsequently to that date, 
and shall not have become a mounted Officer, or a Captain of 
Our Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers who shall attain that rank 
on or after the Ist October 1877, shall, unless he elect to retire 
from Our Army under art. 93, be placed on half pay on completing 


the following periods of total service, provided he shall then have 


served seven years as Captain, or so soon thereafter as he shall 
have completed seven years’ service in that rank :— 
In the case of Our Cavalry and Infantry— 
Until the 31st December 1878 .. .. 23 years. 
i r TOPO ume) ae wl 
of i 1880°. -- pant ae 
From and after the lst January 1881 .. 20 ,, 


In the case of Our Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers— 


Until the 31st December 1884.. .. 23 years. 
Bs s 1885... oe Det fe 
ISS6isyr ions GIP 54, 


23 39 
From and after the lst January 1887... 20 ,, 


This article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations. 


128. A Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel of Our Foot Guards, 
not being a Mounted Officer, whose regimental rank in Our Foot 
Guards was not higher than Lieutenant on the 31st October 1871, 
shall, unless he elect to retire from Our Army under art. 100, 
be placed on half pay on completing the following periods of 
total service, provided he shall then have served seven years as 
Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel, or so soon thereafter as he shall 
have completed seven years’ service as Captain and Lieutenant- 
Colonel :-— . 

Until the 31st December 1878.. ».. 23-years, 
TSGDistdy iain ere oales 
4 is 1880.. Noga ON ee 
From and after the 1st January 1881 .. 20 ,, 


129. A substantive Major (not being a regimental Major of Our 
Foot Guards,) who shall have attained that substantive rank in Our 
Cavalry or Infantry subsequently to the 3lst October 1871, or in 
Our Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers on or after the Ist 
October 1877, shall, unless he elect to retire from Our Army 
under art. 102, be placed on half pay as a Lieutenant-Colonel on 
completing 27 years’ total service, provided he shall then have 
served seven years as a substantive Major, or so soon thereafter 
as he shall have completed seven years’ service in that rank. 


A Mounted Officer of Our Foot Guards who had not attained 
the regimental rank of Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel in Our 


9 39 


* Foot Guards on the 31st October 1871, shall, unless he elect 


31 


to retire from Our Army under art. 102, be placed on half pay as 
a Lieutenant-Colonel on completing 27 years’ total service, pro- 
‘vided he shall then have served seven years as 2 Mounted Officer, or 
so soon thereafter as he shall have completed seven years’ service 
as Mounted Officer. 

This article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations. 


130. A Lieutenant-Colonel of a Regiment of Our Cavalry or zicutenant 
Battalion of Our Infantry or a regimental Major of Our Foot “lonels. 

Guards, so appointed after the 31st October 187 1, ora Lieutenant- 
Colonel of Our Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers appointed on 
or after the Ist October 1877, on completion of five years’ service | 
as substantive Lieutenant-Colonel with a Regiment or Corps, or as 
Regimental Major of Our Foot Guards, shall be placed on half 
pay, unless he elect to retire from Our Army under art.111. A 
Lieutenant-Colonel brought back from half pay, under art. 55 (c.), 
shall again be placed on half pay, unless he elect to retire 
from Our Army under art. 111,0n completing such further service 
as, with his previous Staff service as Lieutenant-Colonel, shall 
make up 5 years’ total service in the substantive rank of Lieutenant- 
Colonel. Under special circumstances, however, Our Secretary of 
State may, on the recommendation of Our Commander-in-Chief, 
extend the term of service for any period not exceeding six months. 

This article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations. 


131. A Lieutenant-Colonel on appointment to the Staff shall tieutenant- 
be removed from his regiment orcorps; and on the termination of his (ojoncho? AP" 
Staff appointment he shall be placed on half pay, unless he elect St*. 
to retire from Our Army under art. 111. 

This article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 


Retiring Regulations. 


182. sash chital Colonel of OurRoyal Artillery or Royal Engi- gotone ot 
neers, promoted to that rank on or after the 1st October 1877, ee 
shall, on completing five years’ service in the rank, be placed on an 
unemployed Full-Pay List with the right of succession, subject 
to the limitation in art. 136, to the establishment of General 
Officers of his regiment or corps, unless he elect to retire from Our 
Army under art. 113. 

This article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations. 


133. After 10 years shall have elapsed from the period of an gecondea facet 
Officer being seconded under art. 63, he shall, if he do not, rejoin 270i 
the Regiment permanently retire from Our Army. 


134. In the event of an Officer seconded for the purpose of seconded Staff 
holding a Staff appointment completing the term of service after °%°™ 
which he would, if serving with a regiment or corps, be placed 
upon half pay, he shall at such time be struck off the roll of his 
regiment or corps; but shall not thereby be disqualified from 
completing his term of Staff employment. 


Lieutenant- 
Colonels at age 
of 60, 


Colonel. 


General Officers. 


Staff Officer of 
Pensioners. 


Coast Brigade of 
Artillery. 


32 


C.—Retirement on account of Age: 


135. A  Lieutenant-Colonel appointed as such before the 1st 
November 1871 shall, on attaining the age of 60 years, retire upon 
full pay from the command of a Regiment of Our Cavalry or Bat- 
talion of Our Infantry, or from Our Royal Artillery or Royal 
Engineers, unless it shall be reported to Our Commander-in-Chief 
by the General Officer inspecting the Regiment, Battalion, or 


Corps, that it would be for the good of Our Service that the said 


Officer should continue to serve and unless Our Secretary of State 
shall approve such continuance. If the Officer shall have attained 
the rank of Colonel, he shall retain his right to succeed in his 
turn (if qualified) to the establishment of General Officers. 

This article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations. yrs 


136. A Colonel shall retire, on attaining the age stated below, 
on the pension laid down in art. 174 (/). . 

An Officer who shall have attained the rank of Colonel 
before the 1st October 1877—sixty-three years. 

An Officer who shall have attained the regimental rank of 
Major in Our Foot Guards, or of Lieutenant-Colonel in 
any other Arm of Our Service, before the 1st October 
1877—sixty years. 

An Officer who shall have attained the regimental rank of 
Major, orshall have become a Mounted Officer in Our Foot 
Guards, before the 1st October 1877—fifty-eight years. 

An Officer who had not attained the regimental rank of Major, 
or who had not become a Mounted Officer in Our Foot 
Guards, before the 1st October 1877 —fifty-five years. 

This article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations, nor to a Colonel of Our Royal Marines. 


137. On or after the 1st October 1877, every General Officer 
who shall have attained or shall attain the age of 70 years shall be 
permanently removed from the establishment of effective General 
Officers to the Retired List, unless in any special case it shall be 
represented to Us by Our Secretary of State, on the recommenda- 
tion of Our Commander-in-Chief, that a relaxation of this rule 
would befor the good of Our Service. In case such General Officer be 
holdinga Staff appointment,.on the 1st October1877, he may continue 
to hold it until the expiration of the term for which he was appointed, 
unless it appear to Our Secretary of State to be expedient that he 
should sooner be removed to the Retired List. 


138. A Staff Officer of Pensioners shall retire from his appoint- 
ment on attaining the age of 60 years, unless in any special case 
it would, in the opinion of Our Secretary of State, on the recom- 
mendation of Our Commander-in-Chief, be forthe good of Our 
Service that the Officer continue in employment. 


139. An Officer in the Coast Brigade of Our Royal Artillery 
shall retire on the full pay of his rank, with a step of honorary rank, 
on attaining the age of 55 years, or as soon thereafter as he shall 
complete 15 years’ service as a Commissioned Officer and not less 
than 30 years’ service in all ranks. 


33 


VII._HONORARY AND RELATIVE RANK. 


A.—Honorary Rank. 
B.—Relative Rank. 


A.—Honorary Rank. 


140. Every Officer, with the exception of those referred to in Retired Full-Pay 

articles 132 and 135, permitted to retire on the Retired Full- “* 

Pay List, shall be granted a step of honorary rank; but such 

Officer can have no further promotion unless he shall have retired 

_ before the 8rd November 1854 from Our Royal Artillery or Royal 

Engineers as a Regimental Field Officer on full pay, or in 
consequence of wounds or ill-health contracted in and by the 

service, in which case he shall succeed to the higher ranks with the 

Officer who stood next below him on the effective establishment 

at the time of his retirement. 


141. Honorary rank as Captain shall be granted to an Adjutant Retired officers 
of Our Household Cavalry, a Lieutenant of the Coast Brigade of tt ee 
Our Royal Artillery,a Quarter-Master, or a Riding-Master who shall | 
retire after an aggregate service of 30 years, of which at least 10 
shall have been as Adjutant of Our Household Cavalry, Lieutenant 
in Our Artillery, or Quarter-Master or 15 as Riding-Master, pro- 
vided his duties shall have been performed to the satisfaction of 
Our Secretary of State. 


B.—Relative Rank. 
142, Relative rank shall carry all precedence and advantages Precedence and 
k . Z 5 _c advantages. 

(except as regards forage allowance and, in certain cases, choice of 
quarters) attaching to corresponding military rank ; but shall not 
entitle the holder to military command of any kind, nor to 
the Presidency of Courts-Martial, Courts of Inquiry, Committees, 
or Boards of Survey. 


143. The relative Army Rank of Officers of Our Staff and Gradation. 
Departments shall be as follows :— 


the Forces. 


General. Military Secretary at Head-Quarters. 


{eto or Quarter- Master-General to 
As Lieutenant- 
 Adjutant-General or Quarter-Master-General, 
elsewhere than at Head-Quarters. 
Deputy Adjutant-General or Deputy Quarter- 
Master-General to the Forces. 


As Major- Chaplain-General. 
General. Commissary-General, unless granted higher rank 
. when serving with an Army in the field. 
_ | Director-General of the Army Medical Depart- 
ment. 


| Surgeon-General. 


( Deputy Adjutant-General in the Department of 
As Brigadier- Our Commander-in-Chief. 
General. Deputy Adjutant-General or Deputy Quarter- 
.Master-General, Dublin. 
D 


34 


Deputy Adjutant- and Quarter-Master-General 
not in the Department of Our Commander-in- 
Chief, nor at Dublin. 

Assistant Adjutant-General or Assistant Quarter- 
Master-General in the Department of Our 


| 
Cormmander-in-Chief. 
As Colonel «.< Military Secretary to a General Officer. 
Assistant Military Secretary in the Department 
of Our. Commander-in-Chief. 

Chaplain, 1st Class. 

Deputy Commissary-General. 

Deputy Surgeon-General. 

Principal Veterinary Surgeon. 


Assistant Adjutant- and Quarter-Master-General 
! not in the Department of Our Commander-in- 
Chief. 
Assistant Military Secretary, if a substantive Field 
Officer, where there is no Military Secretary. 
Deputy Judge Advocate. 
Chaplain, 2nd Class. 
Assistant Commissary-General. 
| Surgeon-Major, after 20 years’ service, but junior 
of the rank. 
Principal Veterinary Surgeon in India. 


{ Deputy-Assistant Adjutant-General or Deputy- 
Assistant Quarter-Master-General in the De- 
partment of Our Commander-in-Chief. 

Chaplain, 3rd Class. 
‘Acting Assistant Commissary-General. 
| Commissary. 
Surgeon-Major, under 20 years’ service. 
Governor of Military Prison, 1st Class. 
Paymaster, after 15 vears’ service as Commissioned 
Oificer, with not less than 10 as Paymaster ; 
junior of the rank, except for choice of 
quarters. 
Staff Veterinary Surgeon; junior of the rank, 
except for choice of quarters. 


l 

( Deputy-Assistant Adjutant- and Quarter-Master- 
General not in the Department of Our Com- 
mander-in-Chief. 

| Brigade-Major. 

Aide-de-Camp. 

Town or Fort Major. 

Provost-Marshal, if commissioned as such. 

Chaplain, 4th Class. 

Deputy Commissary. 

A teeta ie | Surgeon, after 6 years’ service, according to date 


As Lieutenant- 
Colonel. 


As Major 


of completion of such service. 
Apothecary, after 15 years’ service, according to 
date of completion of such service. ee 
Governor of Military Prison, 2nd and 3rd Class. 


Paymaster, under 15 years’ service as a Com- 


missioned Officer, and less than 10 as a Pay- 


master. 


35 


Town or Fort Adjutant. 
| Garrison Quarter-Master. 
Deputy Provost-Marshal, if commissioned as 
such. 
Adjutant. 
Riding- Master. 
Quarter-Master. 
As Lieutenant < Assistant Commissary. 
Surgeon, under 6 years’ service. 
Apothecary, under 15 years’ service. 
Clerk of Works, 2nd Class. 
| Clerk, Royal Engineer Department, Ist and 2nd 
Class. 
ae Surgeon. 
Sub-Inspector of Army Schools. 


Sub-Assistant Commissary. 
As Second Lieu- 


tenant. 


Clerk of Works, 3rd Class. 
Clerk, Royal Engmeer Department, 3rd Class. 


II—_UNATTACHED AND HALF PAY, PENSIONS, AND 
GRATUITIES OF COMBATANT OFFICERS. 


I.—Unattached Pay. 
II.—Half Pay. 
III.—The Retired Full Pay List. 
IV.—Pensions and Gratuities. 


I.—UNATTACHED PAY. 


144. A General Officer on the Establishment under art. 26, Rete. 
or on the Retired List under art. 137, shall receive unattached pay 
according to the following scale :— 


If of Our Guards or Line, except as stated below +. 11, 5s. a-day. 


If of Our Royal aoa or ag eo Beet 
as stated below .. 4 *y 10. 6s. a-day. 


Tf promoted from Regimental ees Oulouel of Ont 6001. 
Foot Guards .. a-year. 


If promoted from Beecental Major of Our Foot Geant 5507. a-year. 


If promoted from Regimental Colonel of Our Royal] Net full pay of 
orse Artillery or from Regimental Lieutenant-Colonel + last regimental 
of Our Life Guards or Horse Guards. commission. 


A General Officer supernumerary to the establishment shall 
receive unattached pay at the rate of 400/. a-year. 


145. Unattached pay shall not be held by an Officer drawing timitation. 
the full pay of any regimental commission ; nor, without the special 
sanction of the Lords Commissioners of Our Treasury, by an 
Officer holding a civil situation. 


146. Under special circumstances to be determined by Our suspension, 
Secretary of State, the Unattached Pay of a General Officer, or 
any portion of at my be suspended or withheld, 


Rates. 


Appointed from 
Ranks, 


36 


TI.—HALF PAY, 


A.—Rates and Conditions. 


B.—Surrender. 


A.—Rates and Conditions. 


147. The following shall be the rates of half pay for Officers 


of Our Army :— 


Substantive Rank, &c., when placed 


on Half Pay. ost 
Daily._ 
aa 4ooS —§. ad. 
Colonel Ge era . . ve ee 
Lieutenant-Colone. an + ae 12 6 
Major sie me i 5p a 10 0 
Captain ais as Wie ae ERY PRG RG 
Having superior Brevet Rank, provi- 
ded he have seryed as Captain on full 
pay for at least two years immediately 
before retirement to half pay .. Cr da: 
Lieutenant... ar ea ie ve 3.6 
A (after 3 years’ service in that 
rank) .. Ke Me 3a 4 8 
an (after 7 years’ service in that 
rank, if he held that rank on ; 
the 31st October 1871) 4 8 
as (after 10 years’ service in that 
yank) .. 4 8 
Second Lieutenant . + 3.0 


INFANRY. 


Roya 
ARTILLERY 
orn Royvan 
ENGINEERS. 


e 
al 
BOMWoOm s 


148. The daily rate of half pay of an Adjutant of Our House- 
hold Cavalry, an Officer of the Coast Brigade of Our Royal 
Artillery, a Quarter-Master, or a Riding-Master, who shall have 
previously served at least five years as a Non-commissioned Ofticer, 


shall. be as follows :— 


Under 4 years’ commissioned service 


» 5 ” ” %¢ Be 

» 6 » » oe ee eo 

” 7 ”? ” oe ee 

hie 2» ” . oe ‘ 

ay ey ” ” oe : 

lO) PS Fe a <e rr 

” 15 ”» 2? i) ‘¥e) ibe 

Above 15 years’ total service, including 10 as commis- 

sioned officer .. a5 Ac “5 

» 20 ”» ” » 

” 25 2 ” ) ve 

», 30 years’ total service, including 10 as Riding- 
Master. . BP ; 


» 80 years’ total service, including 10 as Adjutant or 
Quarter-Master or as an Officer in the Coast 
Brigade of Artillery, or 15 as Riding-Master 


Cayalry or 
Infantry. 


Oo VHA aARERERAKRWWS 
oS oc coccoocooe 


= 
CS 
° 


Royal Artillery 


or Royal 
Engineers, 


oO WAT VIWVIMAMAMED?e 
SC ORD AROROROOS 


a 
° 
o 


37 


149. The number of Officers granted promotion on’ half pay Limite special 
under arts. 11 (5), 18 (6), and 20 (4) who may be on half pay >” 
at any one time, shall not exceed 1 Lieutenant-Colonel, 2 Majors, 
and 10 Captains. 


150. On reduction from full pay after actual service for three Reduction from 

ee : ° full pay. 
years as a Commissioned Officer in Our Army, or in the 
case of an Officer promoted from the ranks after service on full 
pay as Commissioned Officer for one year and as non-commis- 
sioned Officer for five years, an Officer may be granted temporary 
half pay until an opportunity shall occur for his re-employment. 
In such case, after two years’ commissioned service, half pay may 
be granted for three years, and after one year’s commissioned 
service half pay may be granted for two years. 


151. An Officer who may become unfit for service in conse- Wounds cr il- 
quence of wounds received in action, or of ill-health contracted in as 
and by the performance of military duty, as certified by a Medical 
Board, may be granted temporary half pay until he shall recover, 
and until an opportunity shall occur for his re-employment. 
Except in the case of wounds received in action, the Officer must, 
however, have served with a commission in Our Regular Army 
for three years, unless he shall have been promoted from the ranks, 
when one year’s service only as a Commissioned Officer shall be 
required. In special cases in which the circumstances may appear 
to Our Secretary of State to call for exceptional consideration, it 
shall be sufficient that the disability shall have been contracted in 
the service. 


152. In the case of an Officer placed upon temporary half pay tajuries in ana 
in consequence of injuries. caused in and by the service, Our by the service. 
Secretary of State may, provided a Military Medical Board report 
that the Officer is unfit for further service, place such Officer upon 
permanent half pay, after not less than one year upon temporary 
half pay. In special cases in which the circumstances may appear 
to Our Secretary of State to call for exceptional consideration, it 
shall be sufficient that. the disability shall have been contracted in 
the service. 


153, A Quarter-Master or Riding-Master appointed from another appointea from 
Commission in Our Army shall, in case of reduction or retirement acther Commis: 
to half pay before completing 10 years’service as Quarter-Master 
or Riding-Master, receive the half pay of his former Commission. 

After 10 years’ service he may be granted the rates laid down in 
art. 148. 


154. An Adjutant of Our Household Cavalry retiring under aajutant of 
art. 120, or a Quarter-Master of one of Our West India Regi- gousmhora 
ments retiring under art. 121, shall be granted half pay at the Quarter-Aaster, 
rate of 10s. a-day. Gapinent, 

155. An Officer transferred from Our Indian Military Forces, oscers from 
who may have entered one of the 12 Line regiments originally Mian Army. 
forming part of the Forces of the East India Company, may be ~ 


placed upon temporary half pay in any case arising’ out of ill- 


Retention with 
~ other pay, 


Civil situation. 


Suspension. © 


Reduced rate. 


Forfeiture. 


Halli pay 
Majors. 


38 


health, certified by a Medical Board in the usial manner. An 
Officer who may be thus placed on half pay, or who may have 
exchanged to the Half-Pay List, shall, if duly qualified, rise to the 
rank of General Officer, and shall be eligible to succeed to a regi- 
ment with Colonel’s emoluments. Should an Officer thus placed 
on half pay desire at any subsequent period to take the Indian 
pension, he shall be permitted to do so, but shall in that case 
be allowed only the rate to which he had acquired a claim up to 
the date of being placed on half pay. 


156. Half pay may be held concurrently with Staff pay, when 
such Staff pay shall not be a consolidated rate of pay, or in the 
case of Officers retiring under art. 94 or 95, with pay in Our 
Auxiliary Forces during training. It shall not be held by an 
Officer drawing the full pay of a regimental commission in Our 
Regular Forces or in Our Auxiliary Forces when embodied. 


157. Half pay shall not, without the special sanction of the 
Lords Commissioners of Our Treasury, be issued to any Officer 
holding a Civil situation. 


158. Under special circumstances, to be determined by Our 
Secretary of State, the Half Pay of an Officer, or any portion of 
it, may be suspended or withheld. 


159. An Officer of Our Army removed from full pay, for mis- 
conduct or incapacity, or a seconded Officer resigning his appoint- 
ment on unsatisfactory grounds, may, on the recommendation of 
Our Commander-in-Chief, receive a reduced rate of temporary 
half pay, of such amount and for such period as Our Secretary of 
State may. decide, taking into consideration the length and 
character of the services rendered by the Officer. 


160. An Officer on temporary half pay shall be liable to be called 
back to military duty; and should he neglect to serve when 
called upon, if not incapacitated by illness contracted in and 
by the service, as certified by a Military Medical Board, he shall 
be removed from Our Army. In special cases in which the cir- 
cumstances may appear to Our Secretary of State to call for 
exceptional consideration, it shall be sufficient that the disability 
shall have been contracted in the. service. 


B.—Surrender. 


161. A Captain of Our Household Cavalry or of Our Cavalry 
or Infantry of the Line who shall have retired from his regiment 
on half pay with the substantive rank of Major under art. 98, ora 
Major who shall have retired on half pay under art. 105, may, 
within six months thereafter, retire from Our Army by the sur- 
render of his half pay for a sum of 3,200/., or at any time there- 
after by the surrender of his half pay for such a reduced sum as 
shall be fixed by Our Secretary of State in proportion to the 
Officer’s increased age. 


» ais 
i a 


39 


162. A Major of Our Infantry of the Line who shall have Halfpay 
retired from his regiment on half pay with the substantive rank of Infantry. 
Lieutenant-Colonel under art. 104, or a Lieutenant-Colonel who 
shall have retired on half pay under art. 108, may within six months 
thereafter retire from Our Army by the surrender of his half pay 
for a sum of 4,500/., or at any time thereafter by the surrender of 
his half pay for such a reduced sum as shall be fixed by Our 
Secretary of State in proportion to the Officer’s increased age. 


IIlIl.—THE RETIRED FULL-PAY LIST. 


163. The Retired Full-Pay List shall be limited to Officers Oftcers eligible. 
(not subject to Indian retiring regulations) whose first commissions 
shall have been obtained before the lst October 1877; and may 
consist of Unattached General Officers of Our Royal Artillery and 
Royal Engineers, and of Field Officers and Captains of all arms. 


164. The retired full pay of a substantive Lieutenant-Colonel Bates. 
shall be 20s. a-day; and that of an Officer below that substantive 
rank shall be the full pay to which he shall be entitled. 


165. The annual amount expended on the Retired Full-Pay Limits. 

List under art. 163 shall not, except as shown in art. 166, exceed, 
for Our Cavalry and Infantry, 72,750/., to which sum the amount 
of 62,000/., fixed as the limit by Our Warrant of the 18th February 
1874, shall be gradually raised by such additions as Our Secretary 
of State shall from time to time determine. The annual amount 
expended for Our Royal Artillery shall not exceed 42,400/.; and 
for Our Royal Engineers 21,5001. 


166. The following sums shall not be charged against the Sums allowed in 
total amounts fixed by art. 165 :— CESS. 


(a.) Any pension granted under art. 116 or 135. 


(6.) Any pensions of Staff Officers of Pensioners who may 
retire in excess of two in any year. 


(c.) Any sum in excess of 18s. 7d. a-day granted to a Staff 
Officer of Pensioners retiring on full pay after receiving 
unattached promotion under art. 59. 


(d.) Any sum in excess of 1/. 6s. a-day granted to an Officer 
of Our Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers under art 
172. 

(e.) Any pension granted under art. 139 to an Officer in 
the Coast Brigade of Our Royal Artillery. 


167. The pensions of Staff Officers of Pensioners made super- Reduction of 
numerary under 166 (0) shall be absorbed at the rate of two in™°™ 
each year. 


168. Under special circumstances to be determined by Our Suspension. 
Secretary of State the Retired Full Pay of an Officer, or any portion 
of it, may be suspended or withheld. 


Civil Situation, 


Civil situation. 


Field Officers— 
Artillery and 
Engineers. 


Officers re- 
tiring from civil 
employment. 


Artillery and 
Engineers 
(special), 


Lieutenant, 
Captain, 
Major. 


Lieutenant, 


we Captain. 


Major, 
Lieutenant 
Colonel. 


40 


169. Retired full pay shall not, without the “special sanction of 
the Lords Commissioners of Our Treasury, be issued to any 
Officer appointed to a civil situation after his retirement upon 
Fall Pay. . 


170. An Officer who may retire upon Full Pay while holding 
a civil situation shall not be qualified to receive his Retired Full 
Pay so long as he shall hold such civil situation. 

171. Of the Regimental Field Officers of Our Royal Artillery 
and Royal Engineers, who retired before the 3rd November 1854 
and who have been or shall be promoted under art. 140 to the 


honorary rank of General Officer, a number not exceeding eight of 


Our Royal Artillery and four of Our Royal-Engineers shall receive 
400/. a year; and the two-seniors of Our Royal Artillery and the 
senior of Our Royal Engineers shall receive 450/. a-year. 


172. An Officer serving in a civil situation, who shall have been 
placed on the Retired Full-Pay List, shall, on relinquishing his 
civil situation, have the first claim to unappropriated Retired Full 
Pay of his branch of the Service, up to the amount $o which he is 
entitled. 


173. An Officer who was serving in Our Royal Artillery or Royal 
Engineers on the 5th July 1872, and who shall retire under art. 
115 with the rank of General Officer or Regimental Colonel, shall 
be eligible to have his retired pay made up to a sum not exceeding 
600/. a year, the difference between such sum and 6001. being the 
estimated equivalent for the pecuniary advantages which shall 
have been conferred upon him by Our Warrant of 5th July 
1872, or by any subsequent revision of establishment or rates 
of pay. This equivalent shall be arrived at by an actuarial cal- 
culation in each case, and shall be approved by Our Secretary of 
State. This article shall not apply to any Officer subject to Indian 
Retiring Regulations. 


IV.—PENSIONS AND/GRATUITIES. 
174. An officer, not of the Coast Brigade of Our Royal Artillery, 
permitted to retire from Our Army, shall receive upon retirement 
a gratuity or pension according to the following scale :— 


(a.) After 12 years’ service, if a Lieutenant, £ 
Captain, or Major, agratuity of 1,200 
33 15 39 29 1,600 
» 18 ” 09 2,000 

(4.) After 20 years’ service, if not above the substantive 
rank of Captain, a pension of 200/. a year, with 
the addition of half his brevet pay if holding brevet 
rank for distinguished service in the -field. 

(c.) After 23 years’ service, if a substantive Major, or 
a mounted Officer of the Foot Guards; or at 
any time after 12 years’ service if a substantive Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel other than a Captain-and-Lieutenant- 
Colonel in Our Foot Guards, a pension of 250%. 
a-year. 


41° 


(d.) After 27 years’ service, if a Major other than of Our 
Foot Guards, of not less than 7 years’ service in 
that substantive rank, or a mounted Officer of Our 
Foot Guards of not less than 7 years’ service as a 
mounted Officer, or if a substantive Lieutenant- 
Colonel, a pension of 300/. a-year. 


Major, 
Lieutenant- 
Colonel, 


(e.) After 30 years’ service, if a substantive Lieutenant- Lieutenant- 


Colonel, a pension of 365/. a-year. 
(7) Ifa Brevet-Colonel, 


removed from a regiment, after 5 years’ service 
as a substantive Lieutenant-Colonel, or as Re- 
gimental Major in Our Foot Guards, 

or after completing 5 years’ service as substantive 
Lieutenant-Colonel on the Staff, 

or at the age of 55 if on the 1st October 1877 
on half pay and qualified to succeed to the 
establishment of General Officers, 

or, if retired under art. 136, 


a pension of 420/. a-year in the case of an Officer of Our 
Cavalry or Infantry, or of 450]. a-year in the case 
of an Officer of Our Royal Artillery or Royal 
Engineers. 


(g.) After 40 years’ service, an Unattached General Officer, 


or a Brevet-Colonel of Our Royal Artillery or Royal 
Engineers, a pension of 600/. a year. 


175. A Captain of Our Infantry of the Line who-attained 


that rank before the 1st November 1871, and who shall be per- 


mitted to retire on permanent half pay under art. 95, shall receive 
on such retirement a gratuity equal to the over- -regulation value of 


the Commission he held on the 31st October 1871. 


176. A Captain permitted to retire from Our Army under art. 98, 
or a Major permitted to retire from Our Army under art. 105 
shall be ee 


(a.) On retirement from Our nfhatry of the Line, a pension 
not exceeding 259/. a-year, according to age, and, 
subject to that limit, equal in value to 3,200/. at 
the full Government commutation rate. In the case of 
an Officer whose service shall exceed 25 years on the 
Ist January next, the limit of 259/. a-year shall not be 
enforced. 


(b.\ On retirement from Our Household Cavalry or Our 
Cavalry of the Line, a pension of 180/. a-year, and a 
gratuity equal to the regulation and over-regulation 
value of the Commission he held on the 31st October 
1871, less 1,600/. 


3 


177. A Captain of Our Household Cavalry or of Our Cavalry 
of the Line granted a Majority on half pay under art. 98, ora 
Major of Our Household Cavalry or Cavalry of the Line, permitted 


K 


Brevet-Colonel. 


Unattached 
General Officer, 
or Brevet-Coionel 
Royal Artillery or 
Royal Engineers. 


Major or 
Captain 
(special), 


Major or 
Captain of 
Cayalry (special), 


Captain and 
Lieutenant- 
Colonel, Foot 
Guards (special). 


Captain and 
Jieutenant- 
Colonel, Foot 
Guards (special). 


42 


to retire from his regiment under art. 105, shall receive a gratuity 
equal to the regulation and over-regulation value of the Commission 
he held on the 31st October 1871, less 2,400/. 


178. A Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel of Our Foot Guards 
permitted to retire from Our Army under art. 100 shall receive 
a special pension of 250/. a-year. 


179. A Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel of Our Foot Guards 
permitted to retire from Our Army under art. 101, shall receive a 
pension of 450/. a-year, and a gratuity equal to the over-regulation 


money to which he would be entitled on retiring on half pay under 


Lieut.-Colonel or 
Major (special). 


Lieutenant- 
Colonel (special), 


Colonel, Royal 
Artillery and 
Royal Engineers. 


Tucrease of 
Pension for recall 
to Service. 


Colonel of Ca- 
valry or Infantry 
(special). 


Artillery and 
Engineers 
(special). 


the Regulation of the Forces Act, 1871. 


~ 


180. A Major of Our Infantry of the Line permitted to retire 
from Our Army under art. 104, or a Lieutenant-Colonel permitted 
to retire under art. 108, shall receive a pension of 292/. a-year, 
with a gratuity equal to the sum of money to which he would be 
entitled on retirement on full pay after 30 years’ service under the 
Regulation of the Forces Act, 1871, as over-regulation money or 
bonus. ; 


181. A Regimental Lieutenant-Colonel permitted to retire from 
Our Army under art. 110 shall receive a pension of 600/. a-year. 


182. A Regimental Colonel of Our Royal Artillery or Royal 
Engineers retiring after 40 years’ service under art. 113 or 116, or 
a Regimental Colonel removed after serving five years in that rank, 
under art. 132, may retire on a special pension of 600/. a-year. 


188. If an Officer who shall have retired from Our Army be 


- recalled to serve, under art. 93, with Our Regular or Auxiliary 


Forces, he shall be allowed to count such renewed service towards 
the period necessary to qualify him for a higher rate of pension 
than that on which he originally retired. 


184. An Officer of Our Cavalry or Infantry who attained 
the regimental rank of Major before the Ist November 
1871, or who became a Mounted Officer of Our Foot’ Guards 
before that date, retirimg as a Colonel under art. 186, shall 
have such an addition made to his pension fixed by article 
174 (f) as Our Secretary of State shall consider a just equivalent 
for his net loss in being debarred, on account of age, from 
succeeding to the Establishment of General Officers. The principle 
on which such equivalent shall be calculated shall be determined 
with the concurrence of the Lords Commissioners of Our Treasury. 


185. An, Officer who shall hold the rank of Major in Our Royal 
Artillery or Royal Engineers on the 1st October 1877, and who 
shall retire from Our Army after having been removed from the regi- 
mental position of Lieutenant-Colonel under art. 130, shall have 
such an addition made to his pension fixed by art. 174 as Our 
Secretary of State shall consider a just equivalent with reference 
to any net loss such Officer may have incurred by the operation 


43 


of any of Our Warrants of a later date than the 4th July 1872. 
The principle on which such equivalent shall be calculated shall be 
determined with the concurrence of the Lords Commissioners of 
Our Treasury. This article shall not apply to any Officer subject 
to Indian Retiring Regulations. 


186. A pension granted to an Officer on retirement shall not, civilsituation. 
without the special sanction of the Lords Commissioners of Our 
Treasury, be issued to any Officer holding a civil situation. 


187. Under special circumstances, to be determined by Our guspension. 
Secretary of State, the pension granted to an Officer on retire- 
ment, or any portion of it, may be suspended or withheld. 


Given at Our Court at Osborne, this 13th day of August 1877, 
- in the Forty-first Year of Our Reign. 


By Her Majesty’s Command, 


GATHORNE HARDY. 


[2000—8 | 77—375 10 | 


Pi he 


; Ad arate er 


A <ihetiie mt a ding “ie: Oe a “a Demet “eR Mt 
ERODED. OMT HS HO cae 
inves a fe Aiaiblan had bai 


AY VE Rau Ertaisl he 


ey hare eo tide ant 


ee 3 
wn c 
i 


i 
Bilt Tati 10 ath, (Segue Ae COE ef 


. 
a 


Re ror 


"aga hes tao't 8 oe he 


fi eel = “ ie Hf pa” 


=! iT 


Pent, it i SA OMT RES 


Bh oven rt 


ABSTRACT 


OF 


ANNUAL RETURNS 


OF 


VOLUNTEER CORPS, 


DATED 


Ist NOVEMBER, 1876; 


“1N 


ALPHABETICAL ORDER OF COUNTIES. 


War Orricr, DecemBerR 1876, 


on eS 
Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. 
February 1877. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, 
BY HARRISON AND SONS, 


Printers in Ordinary to Her Majesty. 


“1877. 
[C.—1678. ] Price 53d. 


; “ Yh ee : 
hehe ay: a a ra tom a i eR tn le 


ae m ee 


A CRA DP Ae 


> Aw be Oh eed: 


OG hs ham ita mae 


Aberdeen AD 


Anglesey ae 
Argyll... ne 
Aya 6. an . 
Banff .. ua 
Bedford oe 
Berks .. A 
Berwick an 
Berwick-on-Tweed 
Brecon, oe 
Bucks .. bf 
Bute .. be 


Caithness * 
Cambridge .. 
Cardigan 
Carmarthen .. 
Carnarvon .. 
Cheshire  .,. 
Cinque Ports .. 
Clackmannan .. 
Cornwall es 
Orit ws 
Gdsibentand Xe 
Denbigh an 
Derby .. oe 


Devon .,. ie 


SO. RO NOD. 10. FS. OD SD EN 


Ee ew Pp op ee 
bt 2 ae ge oS oss 35 


14 


Dorset... 6 


Dumbarton .. 


Dumfries oe, 
Durham ve 
Edinburgh .. 
Elgin .. ve 
Essex .. 6 
Bife! i. we 
Flint .. w 
Forfar .. He 


Glamorgan .. 
Gloucester .. 
Haddington .. 
Hants .. 


Haverfordwest 


Hereford 50 
Herts .. ar, 


Huntingdon .. 


Inverness AP 
Tsle of Man .. 
Isle of Wight. . 


Kent .. oe 
Kincardine .. 
Kirross Be 
Kirkeudbright 


ee 


Ho 


County. Page. County. | Page. 
Co eS oe 

Lanark. . es aS sah wha Renfrew, .. 3 ig eae 
Lancashire .. wv wel Bd. Ross .. aR a .. |. 48 
Leicester Ss a0 4a) Bie Roxburgh .. Sone ie 48 
Lincoln As 4a 5 38 Selkirk. . oe we os 49 
Linlithgow <. | se! se} 280 Regeiee | ne ee 
London ac cio eat) 188 Somerset ae 3¢ al, uae 
Middlesex ..- .. Sn 40 Stafford x oe xe 50 
Midlothian’ 52%" 00 send AL | Stirling £2) 0 Ce oe 
Monmouth .. a 66 41 Suffolk, . a oe on 52 
Nairn .. AG ms ate 42 Surrey .. es aA a 53 
Newcastle-on-Tyne .. eo] 42 Sussex .. a0 a vel Bae 
Norfolk oc de Se 43 Sutherland .. ae Se 55 
Northampton .. ie seh ees Tower Hamlets 5s ssf 190 
Northumberland .. ee 44 Warwick fe ve ia 56 
Nottingham .. at «| 40 Westmoreland we Bey eangste 
Orkney Ne 4 ae) 40 Wigtown a0 at oil? eee 
Oxford Aa od ae 45 Wilts .. 7 As ts 57 
Peebles 56 ate 3¢ 46 Worcester .. ais Ae 58 
Pembroke .. 5G oe 46 York,\H. R. .: tA a4 58 . 
Poh ee. 05 VR ae 4 AIRS on FP | 
Radnor a6 vt Ae 3 UW. ee ve Bh 60 


a 1876, 
‘ABSTRACT OF ANNUAL RETURNS, 
DATED ist NOVEMBER 1876. 
g A iat n Who have ob- 5485 
\. By é Ss ae i me tained Ceriifi- |5’7 55 
} “x oO 3 Q a ae ® cates of ee ue 
Ag i AB. Bed rs bess Proficiency. |R EHH 
Bele |aelae| a | 3 | & gece 
County. Arm. 5 oct : a 3 2 = oa | | g : a i 2 g oo. 
| ee. freee | be) S| a |) 2 2) & Bags 
al ce) as | we | 8s] 8 | gs | 8 5 8 sees 
sejaciea| es, e| § | — |] a | & [sees 
, rs) is D ies} a fol ro) n |A 
oa 
| 
\berdeenshire | Artillery ee a} 80 : 61 3 64 3 5 59 
: 3 400 | 50 B54 20 | 374 12 25 309 
5 80 C 80 ats 80 3 5 78 
560 50 495 23 518 | 18 35 446 
1 Staff 12 os 3 A 3 Oi 30 3 
otal | a. : 572 50 498 23 521 | 18 35 449 
Rifle .. ee 1 {1,100 ae 798 3 801 | 26 43 653 
2 100 sid 64 Fi 64 4 A 49 
3 100 ae 60 Bs 60 2 ar 41 
4 100 aa 62 3 65 2 3 AL 
5 100 0 58 3 61 4 4 54 
6 100 7 67 : 67 3 3 48 
7 100 : 100 100 3 5 80 
8 100 “e 66 66 2 3 55 
9 200 Hi 154 154 7 12 128 
10 |.. 100 0 87 ay 87 4 4 67 
11 100 oe 69 5 TA 2 1 52 
12 100 oa 67 sa 67 3 3 60 
13 100 | 30 120 =a 120 4 4 72 
14 100 in 63 5 68 1 3 58 
15 100 A 50 10 60 3 2 45 
16 100 C 67 Pi 67 3 3 51 
17 200 . 123 on 123 6 10 115 
18 100 é 56 4 60 2 2 48 
19 100 es 72 2 74 3 4 61 
SOF afore ODidbevere 52 8 60 4 6 48 
21 200 3 159 5 164 3 10 net? / 
22, i100 5 97 3 | 100 3 5 67 
23 100 f 100 ae 100 2 3 62 
24 100 100 St 100 3 6 91 
25 100 84 1 85 2 5 63 
26 100 62 62 4 5 55 
3,900 | 30 | 2,857 52 |2,909 | 105 | 153 | 2,291 
1 Staff 10 py 10 af Aue 2 ote 10 
2 rp 7 10 He 10 1 ste 10 
3 af 7 138 : 13 2 13 
opal aa: ss «. 18,924} 30 | 2,890 53| 2,943 | 110 | 153 | 2,324 


Bo: 1 2 who have ob- [283-5 
Pec eslinsey 3 I e | tale ene: P >is 
43 3 a Z. = < cates of Ba an 
‘a6 | 6 4 a | 33 8 ir Proficiency. B53 
County. Arm. ge|A.| 88 g aS ie a4 PI A WY fC er 
y 48) p48) 88) 488 | ica 1 gf |Se2ak 
wo | 2H | 8 Hg aS) ca “|g qg |Pase 
of | 86 | aad | 3s 8 a ‘a 8 $ |s2se2 
Pe AY Seay i Hel a | Pe 6 iS B |ogag 
A i) Sa |a ica) a a & a |Z 
ee te 5 OO BO eI EAS ae ca Sel ee 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
a Ge ee te ate eee Toh 
Aberdeenshire | Artillery 1. -. |...) |) B60), 50.| 405 | ° 28 
eee Ride i. 2 be pet [Bee 2 HR POR |p BO! 12,867 HN ebR 105 
4,460 80 | 3,352 75 | 3,427 123 2,787 
Staff 36 ap 36 1 37 5 36 
4,496 | 80 |3,388 76 | 3,464 128 | 188 |2,773 


Anglesey a} APMC a wip a 3 80 50 64 a 65 1 5 ol 4 
Motall. teh « es 80} 50} 64 EE pele tase ih (ALE 5) ti /9 
j 
eee ee ee ee ee j 
i 
Argyllshire .,| Artillery ..| .. 1} 60cm < 80 2 4 
' 3 80} 6 62 3 4 
6 > 16d. 134 3 | 10 
H 80 58 3 4 
8 80 55 2 4 
9 49 21 1 3 
10 80 34 Be 3 
11 80 38 3 4 
12 80 55 2 4 
849 537 19 | 40 
1 | Staff | 12 9 Ae 
Total ..| . 861} .. | 546 23 | 40 
Bile, vies ‘leaky se 2 |) 100g # <j. 76 3 6 
3 | 200] 30 | 201 ed ee 
7 200 79 3 4 
8 | 100 71 2 3 
13 | 200 146 3 9 
14 | 100 51 3 4 
800] 30 | 624 19 | 37 
1 |} Staff! 10 13 Bere 
Total vs] os) obey BIO BO. |, 687. 24 | 37 


7 1876, 


7 
rs : ) Whohaye ob- |o24.. 
Ss : 
ae ‘¢ ‘a : _; | tained Certifi- [27 £2 
‘ae |S a es 8 5 cates of 2a wm 
i ‘a4 } Ai; | ss a 3 Proficiency. |3 BE € 
; a . ‘Ss e535 
Pan | tom SEE EEL EE] a | 2 | Be 
isisy 5 = , g ag 
Cee eee ea be te] a | Bi) e Regs 
2 Cn a> eal | a = Z g z 
- BO ea Aas =I q Ss g 8 caSy 
: o 
o° an |G 


COUNTY SUMMARY. 


Argyllshire— | Artillery .. 
cont.) Rifle .. ee 


849 | .. 537 94) 631] 19 40 498 
800 | 30 624, 17 | 641] 19 3 536 


1,649 | 30 {1,161} 111 /1,272 | 38 77 | 1,034 
22.) FAN aye 22 9 ws 19 


Total .. 1,671 | 80 |1,183) 111 |1,294| 47 | 77 |1,053 


Ayrshire spi) eartillery © st ee 1 80} 10 62 | 19 81 2 5 57 
| DN kGOMNy us 188] 5 143 Ae) 10." |) 126 
3 SOMUL 8 54) 2 56 | 2 5 AA, 
AW TOSNe ae TOS Wie TOS ene 6 87 
5 TBO Ti: 90| 6 96| 1 7 3 
f nyse tO Abe 89. | 484111 | 38) 407 
1 ately | MOul weg Zig, eee A A: 4 

| 
Woteli 5h" 4 Pe 588} 10 | 456] 32 | 488] 11 | 33 | 411 
| Rifle .. ee 1 LOOM ners ils leas 91) 3 6 78 
| Pres oek OO | ore 90] 3 93-|—~8 5 80 
Sei ee LOOM bes 63 | 8 Ale tee 5 54 
| 4 | 100] .. SBa tices 88 | 3 6 ley 
| Sa eeLOO nue BGitaenrs 76) 8 A 72 
| Gh OOM a: O7ile- 2 98 | 3 6 97 
7 NLOO nce Cones 69 | 1 5 48 
i } 8 TODS «4 40 | 18 58 2 3 38 
10) PAt00" 0 "6| 4 80 | 8 5 68 
11 LOOM? 2 OB Mw 93 | 4 6 67 
12s y LOOM. 5 « GBrlne 2 66 | 38 5 5 
13 100] .. FGclas 76| 8 5 65 
Ta, ||P - LOOM 0 64) 5 69 | 2 A 53 
15) |eeLOOM Bie. 5) 2 a7 | 18 5 75 
Se MRT OC tts: ct BD ilo 83 | 1 5 68 
L7 teelOou sa Fa Nn. 44) 2 5 69 
15600 | +. 11,220] 87 11,257 | 41 | 80 11,084 
| Te a Stark 108 | ...; Onieen Sopeoeion tines: 8 
2 = LO: free Tasty; Lb esl eae 9 
MBit ale. elise oa VE,GBO Po, 1,240 87° 11,077 144 1 80 | LoaT 


COUNTY SUMMARY. 


Artillery © ..] «. ar 578 | 10 452 | 32 484. 


LL | 881.408 

STE aan ea ae .. |1,600] .. |1,220| 387 |1,257| 41 | 80 | 1,034 
2,178 | 10 |1,672| 69 |1,741| 52 | 118 | 1,441 

Ea Bicr 21 


Staff BO! | ar 24) os 24 


Potal-..| .. .. [2,208] 10 |1,696| 69 |1,765| 55 | 113 | 1,462 


i a CR AE AS 7 A SETAE SIE ET NY SSE EEE ROSS mI 


-) 


. 


1876. 


Banffshire .. 


Bedfordshire .. 


(o'2) 


S a P. Who have ob- | 48s 
Ee a 3 eo 3 re ber 9 belts a ne 
2 a dy cates 0 z re 
4 E a A 5% I = - Proficiency, |3 zee ! 
pea o@leao | ge] ees 2 ‘38 4 g4co 
Mm. < mo) 3, 6 2 qj . leteer al ec 
Se | bed Bad pe oe | te | 2 ; | 2 Bee 9 
oo 4 8 aie ACS re i mo a qa aren se 
s2/8S|22 (28/2) 8] 2.) 2) & Gees” 
acai fs cee p-ea a iia | 4 & |g 
H 
Artillery ft A fee 0 eh iy i 2 | Yom 
Ve 04 gy de] PS easy 2 48 4 
z 3 80 | .. 67 |... yee a 48 
4, 80 : 63 1 64 1 2 49 
5 80 50| 3 5S: | no 2 45 
| ————— en, . 
400 | «0 282} 20 | 302] 2 8 | 236 | 
1 | Staff 5 7 ee 4 : sf 
otal ele ae 4s 405 | .. 284| 22 | 306| 2 8 | 236 
Rifle .. E 1 | 100 93 98, | wa 4 53 
2 | 100 69} 1 70} 2 4 59 
3 | 100 So iy ot ss] 2 2 69 
5 |. 100] 4. 100 100} 1 tf 71 
6 | 100 70| 6 "6.448 2 57 4 
7 | 159 139| 2 | 141] 4 7 | 118 
659 553 | 10 | 563] 11 | 20 | 422 
1 | Staff fi Ce ae 14) Cache ee 12 
Total, . hiss A 666 566 | 11 | 577 | 15 | 20°) esa: & 
COUNTY SUMMARY. | 
| | 
Artillery ..] .. 400 232 | 20 | 302] 2 8 | 236 
Rifle .. 659 558 | 10 | 563] 11 | 20 | 422. 
| ee CM eee 
| 1,059 | .. 835 | 30 | 865| 13 | 28 | - 658 
| Staff} 12 is | 3 18:|. 4 12 
Metall filles eA ROMehy se 850 | 33 | 8838; 17 | 28 | 670 
! 
Rifle .. bs 1 ado 2 
Ce eG) eee 2 
4 i|= 100i... 2 
Bails Boor. 2 
6 | 100! 30 2 
7M. OOu” 2 
8 |. 100 2 
759 | 30 4 
1) Stat: 7 <p 2 


Total 


oe ec eo” 


“9L8L ‘390 Te popue 
weak Sutmp uoyoods 
-ur jenuuy ye ques 
-aid s1aayUN[OA JOON 


1876. 


*squvalieg 


cates of 
Proficiency. 


“s100 IO 


Who have ob- 
tained Certifi- 


“peTtorag, T230L 


*SYUMOTONY i] -WO NT 


"ST USTOU AL 


“pozitoyqyne 
sontecoumurodng 


oO “{UOUAYSTT 
-qeqsy UMNUIXe yy 


“sd.109 
Jo ‘ont Aqun0y 


43 


50 


41 


84: 


85 


69 


63 


56 
76 


oe 


oe 
ne 


57 


462 


42 


12 


"8: 


107 


6 


92 


D2 sie 


78 


72 


66 


90 


68 


17 


537 


12 


io) 
i~ 


57 


aq 


66 


37 


500 


a8 


“qUOTEISeyT 9ATY 


-eaqstarwapYy JO ‘ON 


m. 


County. 


ee 


Berkshire 


80 


80 


a 


100 


100 


100 


A 


100 


100 


100 


700 


vf 


Staf 


ye 


1 


oe 


Artillery 


Berwickshire ae 


Total .. 


Rifle .. 


Total 


COUNTY SUMMARY. 


84 


462 


546 


12 


558 


i 


12 


ee 


Artillery 


Rifle 


11 


7 


Staff 


Total .. 


91 


Artillery 
Rifle .. 


Berwick-on- 
Tweed 


46 


73 


70 


100 


1876. 10 
FS Who have ob- |§ 45.5 
Bu ae ee : . | tained Gertie |E9 9 
‘ae | 2 q a as cates of pou 
sa ‘ A. Beg =| a Proficiency. |9 6.28 
HE |S ek | 28 ' 2 S Eee 
County. Arm. Sie wh yee ae eepe pte S A oad 
Pais Bea) g EI ES 5 [ea] 4 a 2 ease 
OF oil a See ale hi cies = D | 5 8 [Se88 
Se ol BOP |) Seah mares a1) ge 8 3 € p |28ae 
Plea IS) = mn? | a = 6 oe |g 
COUNTY SUMMARY. ~~ 

Berwick-on- Artillery ..] .. ee 160 ta. LOST Wy Ae eel meee TA uoe 

Tweed—cont.| Rifle .. en ah 100 70 3 78 3 4| 46 

Dotal) cl ek oul sel, 260 178| 7 | 18%] 7 11 | 137 
Hespknovkshire; |cRifibse oc)" We it asaieht 104] 3 |] 07h 3 || Bole 
Oe OO rs F107 te: 10:1°" 4 1 
3 | 100 enh a Ta ee 3 57 
4 | 100 61] 9 BONN hes 3 5d 
de ae ore ee 60} 2 62| 1 2 40 
6 | 100 66] 1 67). 3 2 58 
659 476} 15 | 491| 7 | 16 | 364 

1 | St ff Bile eh, AR Whee AGAL. Hath 1 
Potaliy.c| +. 345 666 | .. 487| 16 | 503} 8 | 16 | 375 
Buckingham ,,| Rifle.. ie | ae | 1 600] .. 514 2 | 516 | 11 44, | 443 


Bate. anc ,c oe Artery, | as) oo 
Totalline), ste ate 


Rifle .. obras 


COUNTY SUMMARY. 


Artillery) =... eh LOO ter 
Rifle .. Be ys fe 100 | 80 


Motalle? el. cts AA 260 | 30 


96 


67 


12 
2 


M4 


108 
69 


SS 


County. 


-Caithness-shire 


Cambridgeshire 


: 11 . 1876, 
AR Cr I I a EH SDE ERS ES CREE A AAI RA ERE ES SRR SEE CA A MI 

; : \ fy Who have ob- |$ 4% 
£ fis 3 aS) E , jalned ert BA os 
aa | a $ ia a S ne. 
ere) \ 8) as SE Wiech ibeener: (Se ee 
a. ic eons 3 S Sees 
Ava Se | 2 Pe slees lye § 5 —|g459 
: <e ee ifort a 8 a & & i sat eh ees 
Sie he BYSy oe aq eS = 3 e |o83aq 
2 (80 \s4\e*|a |e) 8 | € | B gees 

Artillery ; eA teastie. BO ab site 108-4 6 val 
Bo emuhe. § Loe gyi! 118: hare 3 87 

4 80} .. SU ea ia 5 55 

5 BOM. a5 72 a ei ee iL 5 

6 80 | .. 51 ‘ Ud mee a We a 37 

560 3ss | 26] 414/ 9 | 15 | 307 

1 | Staff} 10 oe] Bae i Bea Ne ia 6 

Total ..| .. 570 396 | 26] 422} 11 | 15.1 318 
a to F-1001- <x 100 1 a a ae 5 "2 
BY ls 1694 ¢ Begs ip 92) 1 5 57 

er Fi LOG Bohl 90| .2 1 65 

Be LOO "3 ie ye | 7 5 55 

Total ..| . f 459| .. | 335 21358 |) 7") 16 | sag 

COUNTY SUMMARY. 

Artillery .. ae te Ben 3ss| 26| 414/ 9 | 15 | 307 
Lae Oe Reo Si Oe a A 4 3| 358| 7 | 16 | 249 
1,019 Gag) 80.) ero! 1G.) 82 4h Boe 

Sia’ | 10eh) 8 Supers). tui 6 

Total ..| .. .. | 1,029 75: | 29] 7so| 18 | 31 | 562 
Rife ot 1} -4007) - .. 22 16) 2481) Ooh 48) 4 Tee 
, 2 | 100 eet. 66.3 5 55 

3 1°600'| ve 2} 18h] .184 | 869.) 13) |120 |) t88 

ao) YOO}. AD teh PeBE YH «2 4 39 

5 | 100 72 id ae 7 68 

6 “| 160 61 aC 9 6 54 

1 
Botaly sis\\ Vere 


Cardigan 


«| Rifle .. 


1876. 12 
a 
: t Who h b- |b a8 
Es 3 8 ‘ " tained Certif |B gs 
Pehle mz a 2 iS cates of Bg we 
“a f i) Beg a =] Proficiency. |$ 24°. 
a2] 6 Rey Ses 8 3 2 q ee 
County. Arm. oe] ge cas |g | E - |gaee 
ae] pa S| ooo See & a : g@ \Saax 
GH +A, a3 f= 3 iS 2 co 2 ras 
2 © a oma! oa 3 . Sa 8 S283 
Se| eS) G8 (88/8 18 | 5 | a | & legeg 
BP or eee aoe | & | 6) gaa 
Carmarthen ..| Rifle .. all ste of TOONS a5 G2 son ue 64 2 4 47 
2 200 OL! 130 ‘36 166 2 10 123 
5 200 ; 123 33 160 4 5 108 
Potal Sa! we 509 319 71 390 8 19 278 
Carnarvon ../ Artillery il Bom 4: 
- Rifle .. O68 2 100 me 
3 100 AO 
4 100 60 
5 100 42 
I ObAL beast “eee 400 | 100 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery .. 80 | . 36 14 BOD 4 35 
Rifle . fal. ob 6 400 | 100) 192). 28| 220] 5 | 9 | 189 
otal ye } hss [one 480 100 228 A2 270 5 18 224. 
| 
{ 
. / 
~ Cheshire ..| Artillery ,. Z 2 BAO ss 234 6 | 240 8 15 204 
3 80 sa 72 ers 1 5 60 
4 80 ate 54 16 70 ae 5 53 
400| .. 360 |, 23] 3838! 9 | 25 | 817 
a Staff TOT no 4 ois 4 ate Ps} 3 
Total neg Se 410.) bees 3864 23 387 9 25 320 
Engineer «| «- 1 400 | .. 314 5 | 319 A 24 271 


ee te a 


County. 


Cheshire—cont. 


13 1876. 
: ql Who have ob- [345 
Lae ra ites . | tained Certid- |= Ss 
“ae | im zB 2 aS cates of DSB 
Be q ea Ag a = Proficiency. |9 28 |: 
Bee giaclieg oly. log g EBS 
Arm. SCHP| a Bae | ss & =| a Wei 
<a : ey rt = a S 
ge | bare e res | 2 ja | B | g | & sgs 
3s 5 3 Ao os] S a a ts) 2 Sa. & 
Rifle .. se 1 100 re 66 66 3 5 53 
2 100 | 30 94, 3 97 3 5 90 
3 100 i 73 i, 73 3 5 56 
4A 100 , 94 NG 94, 3 5 76 
5. 200 Sp 165 2 167 3 9 148 
6 400 Ag 294 6 300 10 16 252 
Th 200 Ce 112 13 125 1 3 73 
8 3800 ao 268 6 274 8 16 261 
11 100 ae 641) ° 3 67 1 A 58 
12 200 obs 148 1 149 a! 9 124 
13 300 ae 211 9 220 8 11 207 
14 159 ae 66 6 72, v8 2 br 
15 100} 60 79 2 81. 2 3 65 
EGF LOOT OS, 91 KG 91 2 6 85 
17 100 40 96 4 100 3 5 95 
18 100 he 81 as 81 3 5 45 
19 100 ae 95 An 95 2 5 83 
20 100 ats 100 5 100 2 5 84. 
21 100 Ae 100 a 100 3 5 89 
22 200 ne 176 1 177 2 9 138 
23 100 FO LF 87 oi A 69 
24 | 100 69 "i 76 2 3 66 
26 100 5 3 78 1 5 56 
27 100 a3 69 1 70 2 4 51 
28 100 me 79 be 79 2 Vi 58 
29 100 aE 100 fe 100 3 6 91 
30 100 5B 89 1 90 3 5 80 
31 100 3 90 90 2 5 87 
32 100 3 "8 78 1 5 67 
33 159 5 104 A 108 3 6 92 
30) 100 81 81 3 5 78 
36 259 257 2 VAS Ms) 14 229 
4,577 | 90 |3,684 | 91 |38,725 | 91 | 202 |3,187 
i Staff LOT jae 10 : 10 2 mo 9 
2 i 10 ats vi 3 10 2 ; 7 
3 nf 7 11 1 12 2 G 9 
~~ 5 10 11 11 3 A 10 
5 Bo 10 13 13 3 ste 13 
Motal~a<els. .. {4,624 | 90 '3,686.| 95 |3,781 | 103 | 202 | 3,235 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery al anuate a 400 | .. 360 23 | 383 9 25 317 
Engineer 400 ki 314 5 819 4 24 271 
Rifle .. C ‘ 4,577 | 90 | 3,634 91 |3,725 | 91 | 202 |3,187 
5,377 | 90 |4,308 | 119 |4,427 | 104 | 251 3,775 
Staff 57 ae 56 4 60 12 ae 51 
Total ee o- 15,484 | 90 | 4,864] 123 .)4,487 | 116 | 251 |3,826 


RS re =: 


1876, 14 | 
——$—$—— 
, ' oe Who I b- Je ee. 
£ Riki 3 8 4 s tained Certifi &4 $s 
SAS + a B aed ___ cates of a ae 
“a 4 oy ard S tom Proficiency, |3 5.8.5 
a.8 | 9° ; & : 2 g EE 5. y 
County Arm, oh] a R= as ea Pa a E sO ag 
v = rac} bs et 5° S S| ea) ( 2 |Coah ; 
SS = | g B rd “5 a Cox rs > Bo 
Oo 0 | & Ge pte| ong 3 1 oS a 3 MS 5 3 
Sue BN A dl inka a= 5 even OM = case 
aie Keats lgai fe Ab mine NAY Raeh Oe 8 | g§ jeees — 
ra aay. 
Cinque Ports ..| Artillery ..| .. LEO his ort 12] 108] 5 | 12 66 | 
2 BOA es 49 2 51 2 3 a7 
o 3 | 160] 30 | 102 1/ 103} 1 9 | 108 
4 sot) .. 60 1 ks 60} 2 5 429 
5 49}. 8B 220) BOWL. 4 38 
Gy hiBZOr Mins 156 | 46| 202 PU fase lls) | 
any 2 eRe 68).) 5] 68) 2) 15 
cin Pie 232 88 Bal OB anal 7 15 
9 dy L6OWe WE) |i) WB] ast ow 9 92 
1,218 30 748 110 | 858 21 68 678 
Di) Stade ae a Sit wah Sul) Bee ” 
Total ..|- .. .. 11,280] 80 | 756/ 110] 866] 28 | 68 | 685 
Rifle .. rie 1 500 4 228 17 245 6 20 208 
3 | 100th >.) 52 9H Mee Vow 5 52 
600] .. 280; 26| 806] 7 | 25 | 260 
1 | Sta] x]. il as 7) 7 
Motalee an ah B: 607] .. 287 | 26] 818] 9 | 25 | 967 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery ..] .. « 4,218") 80 748 | 110} 858] 21 68 678 
Rifle .. a a 600] .. 280} 26] 306|. 7 | 25 | -260 
1,818 | 80 |1,028| 186 |1,164| 28 | 93 | 938 
Stasi -a9cl vee 15 sf LENE gt Te 14, 
Total ..) .. | .. 1,837] 30 1,043] 186 /1,179] 32 | 93 | 952 
ed ae ne eer NL Ll 
Clackmannan ,,| Rifle .. ee] oe 1 826 
2 i 70 
396 
\ 1 | Staff 11 
Total: .. 


16 1876, 
SE a RR RS SS CT CE eS ‘ 

ops ee | 2, | tained Gertie [ES 8S 
ae] % 2 ‘) cates of 2a uo 
ir 3 = ‘ 5 3 8 a Proficiency. |3 a5 3 
County. Arm, 4 TA E = aS 2 Est A > 3 55 
-b | eS [Ba | as =| 8 2 S = |S2e3d 
Se |8Pis4ie*lale2|8 | 8 | & \ssbs 

Cornwall ost Artillery 9S. 2. a 80 | 40 96 96 2 5 36 

2 80 as 50 50 i} 5 43 

3 80 50 1 51 2 3 42 

4 80 #8 55 55 1 4 55 

5 80 c 53 1 54 a: 3 43 

| 7 49}... | Sale 4 RE a le 35 
8 80 49 ie 80 3 5 15 
10 80 oe "9 i 80 1 5 67 

ihe 80 ‘ 38 5 43 a 1 38 

12 80 a 75 me 75 2 4 58 

13 80 oe 68 ok 68 3 5 61 

849 50 684: 9 693 18 40 553 

1 Staff 10 a 12 as 12 1 0 12 

, Potala hd Uh ek 859 | 50 696 9 705) 19 40 565 

| F 

| Rifle .. dies 1 | 100} 50 | 150 150| 8 6 | 189 
2: 100 30 130 - 130 3 6 5G 
3 100 30 103 2 105 3 6 78 
4 100 80 88 88 3 5 65 
5 100 60 129 “| 129 3 5 123 

6 100 82 1 83 2 2 79 

a 100 57 Bi 64 2 6 54 

9 100 wie 80 1 81 2 5 70 

10 100 | 60 97 97 2 5 79 

11 100 ne 99 3 99 3 5 . 69 

12 100 30 100 100 3 6 th 

18 100 25 85 85 3 5 81 

15 100 . 87 A 91 3 3 55 

16 | 100] .. 4 ae 74 bud 2 57 
17, 100 5 100 100 3 5 "7 

18 100 57 % 64 2 3 52 

19 100 5 72 a0 72, 1 3 59 

20 100 98 2 100 2 46 82 

i 21 100 Me 66 S) 75 2 4 54 
22, 100 dc 68 1 69 2 3 60 

i 2,000 | 815 |1,819 | 87 |1,856| 48 | 89 11,466 

1 Staff 10 Cte 12 3 15 2 : 10 

2 i Ty. Ta 14] 2 11 

otal asl) ss aa 2,020 | 315 11,845 40 | 1,885 52 89 |1,487 


COUNTY SUMMARY. 


Artillery .. 
Rifle .. oN 


Total .. 


1876. 

ee a ae | 5 | tinmetGade: |B5 Es 

42y a BI g ti % 

ge ° jea) g r= | Pionkieney, PEE : 

Cc t A Ens iz a a8 wo os 5 i EEEE 
ounty. rm S A rary 3 =, 

: ae) pele2|/28| ¢ 16/8 | «| @ Sess 

Se (ae ee Bele 124 |e | 8 | eee 
o5|8o|g2/83/8|2|28.| 6 | & lees 

Cromarty Artillery . 1 SOME we 58 | .. | 58 | 2 1 | 42° 
Cumberland ..| Artillery ae ee a 80} . 80] .. 80 3 7 57 
2 | 160] . 140 2| 142] 2 | 12 | 100 

3 soit”... 80} ws so | 2 6 62° 

320| .. 300 2} 302} 7 | 25 | 219 

1 | Staff ae | oo Ae wi 3 

Total ..} .. _ S251. 304 2| 306| 7 | 25 | 292 

Rifle .. F Ae 1 300] .. 188 10 | 198 ee 12 167 

2) he 100Meh We | ciel "6| 2 6 66 

gi |” 100 ho. 80 3) "a5 1 8 4 72 

: 4} 106 dui. 83 a mee | We 4 "8 
6 ha 200uhee « 139 6] 145]. 6 8 | 132 

6. 1 ROO 2 62 a he - 3 54 

WT. LOO tes 69-18% S22 5 65 

$) la tOOmne 85 | .. 85 | 2 5 71 

10° i 100) a2 93 Tegel Gam 5 80 

1) 000s. 84 ote LS 5 7 

1,300 959| 41{1,000| 29 | 57 | 856 

1. | Staff | 12 Ya aoa ee ee nae 14 

Total ..| .. 1,312 973 | 411|1,014| 31 | 57 | 870 

COUNTY SUMMARY. 

Artillery it) x 320 300 21 302| 7 | 25 | 219 

Ride Mtoe tt. b. SOO 959|- 4111,000] 29 | 57 | 856 

1,620] .. |1,259| 431]1,302| 386 | 82 |1,075 

Steff | 171 .. aso 18 | 9° 

Total ..| .. os §| 1,687 ]"*.. 11,277] .48:11,820] 38 |) 82 4 10pa 

- Denbigh .»| Rifle .. es 1. | E690 ie. 157 2} 159] 5 | 10 | 128 
oo Teor 67 Bel Pe ae 5 69 

SP LOOr ue 87 &| 95] 2 6 78 

4 Sous... Boles HL DRE ee 2 32 
Bl Hoo lAy. . 95 oT oy reg 6 73. 

Gi SA DON aeek 91} 10] 101}. 2 6 80 

7 59 |x ae 32 4) Gah) 1 30 

9 We yoo"* ... 59/1? lor} 69 | 4 4 54 

rei ae 643 | 41] 684| 18 | 40 | 544 

1 | Staff Fikace Sile a sy Se roe 7 

Total . 784° | 651 | 41}. 6921: 20 | 40 | 561 


17 1876. 
ESE SS ae, SE a - 
é we f i Who t b= |b eis 
Be 3 g . | tained Certis- (BS SS 
30 | 3 a Boh, a2) & cates of 2g 4 
45 3 A es |-8s 5 A Proficiency. | 3 gE 4 
Arm one shee ree |e es |e —leee 
Serato tes ie te | Bl | a Bags 
oo WES Soha tes Is on : a 5 2 ass 
a BS i Bab as | fe g & See 
Cove fe te bebe | & | 871 8 ite 
| 
SRB cae | bihy + et 100s 5 100 100| 3 5 82 
3 | 100 so] 3 83] 2 2 80 
4 | 100 98+} vs 93 |. 3 3 83 
5 | 200 ae 9 | 182 
7 | 100 69! 6 | wl 1.) 4 }, € 
Bis, WO gs «5 66] 6 72| 2 4 65 
9 | 100 74; 5 oy a eae 65 
10 | 100 66| 9 75 | 8 2 51 
Ti) Rh 100s. 79| 5 Sa SL 3 79 
ie ee | 12: | 14a | 4 8 | 126 
See inoue We te0 |.) | 180 | «3 7 | 100 
15 | 200 72) -8) | ay5-| 4 8 | 139 
17 | 100 Br oer Bi. 1 3 80 
18 | 100 96| 1 97| 2 3 93 
19: | 1004).". 96] 1 97| 2 5 80 
20 | 100] . Sot od 86| 1 3 69 
21 | 100 56 | 4 SO AT 
22 | 100}... 85 |... 85] 3 5 "7 
2B; |) 300s.) e294) 4 | 208) & | 18 | 207 
2,459) .. |2,089| 50 |2,089| 48 | 87 |1,814 
1 | Staff} 10} .. 1%) 4 Ph BE bakes 12 
Syhevs, IO. 6) “3 8) 40] oe | 
Od es IR 8 AD |2479 .» [2,071 | 51 \|2,122| 85 | 87 | 1,848 
/ 


| 
\Dovonshire ..} Artillery ..] .. 1 80 78 | 2 80 1 5 3 
| 3 80 61 6 67 2 3 61 
4 80 47 2 49 2 5 44, 

5 160 156 4 i160 4 10 131 

6 80 oe Bt) 7 46 3 5 32 

‘4 80 ms 49 2 51 2 5 4A 

8 i 80 on 50 % 57 a 5 53 

f 9" 80 bs 54 1 55 1 5 46 

( 10 80 59 iE 60 2 3 50 

nba 80 34 23 57 oe 5 45 

12 320 296 3 299 if 16 211 

13 160 50 198 5 2038 i5) 6 188 

14 80} .. 42|- 2 44) 2 5 39 

1,440 50 | 1,163 65 | 1,228 32 78 {1,017 

1 Staff 10 ss 9 ais 9 2 ‘ 9 

fe 10 7 7 5 


Total ..}.. | .. |1,460/°50 |1,179] 65 |1,244| 34 | 78 | 1,081 


( Engineer ..] .. 200] .. 140| 27 | 167| 3 9 | 130 


Mounted Rifle | .. 


rx he 


ne 


ya ; : 
ae 
1876. | 18 | 
: ; ' Who have ob- |b 245 
fo 3 3 : | tained Certit. |Z 3¢ } 
Pea alee a BM, 2 vs cates of ee bot 
: Bs | s Fe) aes = = Proficiency. | Bes ; 
County. Arm a & Zi Bibs 5 ae g & E ; f Ese) 
Se} pel gales | 21 8 |B) » | Suess 
CEL Esl we) 28) 8 1-8 | 2) 8 | Sees 
~ a (=) 52aaod- 
i ae et Se Aoiow | a |}6) ai 
Devonshire— | Rifle.. ..| .. 1 {1,159| .. | 357] 69 | 496] 7 | 28 | 1887" 
cont. 2 600 5 400} 23 423 18 25 307 
it a) 8.0. pre 196 13 209 7 15 161 q 
5 00M og oe ee 60} 38 5 69 
6 200 on 200 Bi 200 2 10 146 © 
8 | 100] . s7| ¥ | .64|...)\ oe 
9 | 100 vo} on |. 77 | 2) ee 
10 159 ar 97 A 101 L 5 88 ; 
5 11 100- 56 vi 63 3 a5 56 : 
138 100 3 100 oe 100 3 5 97-4 
14 100 wa 81 4 85 ee 6 80 F 
17 100 a“ 90 2 92 qt 5 76 d 
18 200 ore 194 3 197 2 10 178 9 
21 200 an 179 14 193 2 12 177 
22 200 oe 161 ve 161 6 11 147-4 
23 BO) 24 HO} 33 49} 4: 4 | 46% 
25 100 Ac 52 13 65 3 4 52 
26 100 ue 60 AG 60 2 5 52 
27 100 3 55 13 68 a 5 55 
28 100 At 100 : 100 ae 5 79 
4,177 “4 2,620 | 1738 |2,793 | 63 163 | 2,336 
1 | Staff} 107) .. $0 [yi Ui, OB A he 10 
ee w2| .. rh a Boi He 8° 
8 ~ Llowen 7 2 9 1 aa cs 
A 3 %f ite 9 1 10 1 9 
otal Sasi. a. |4,213 2,653 | 177 | 2,880 69 163 | 2,370 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery “a 1,440 50 | 1,168 65° =| 1,228 32 78 |1,017 
“Engineer ..] .. : 200] . 140 | 27 167 3 9 130 
Mounted Rifle ax 3 60 : x 46 46 fe By Hse 9 
Rifle .. 5 5 4,177 A 2,620 | 173 | 2,798 638 163 | 2,336 
5,877 | 50 |3,923 | 311 |4,234| 98 | 250 |3,483 - 
Staff 56 <5 49 4. 53 8 aie 48 
Total ..| .. | .. [5,988] 50 {3,972 | 315 |4,287| 106 | 250 |3,581 
Dorsetshire .. Artillery ..| .. 1 co UN eae -60] .. 60 Lat 25 43 
, 4 129 He , 83 19 102 3 8 80°49 
5 80 = BA 1 55 1 3 43 
6 49 ce 22 8 30 1 5 22 9 
Total’ ee ee eo 338 oe 219 28 247 6 21 188 


1876, 
2 eas a Who have ob- |¢ 48S 
geie S = H is tained Certifi- |A‘7 2% 
‘2-8. 3S a. | Bas # 3 cates of |" 0°! 
| g S co) ¥ 53 8 = Proficiency. EES 
County. Arn. Se pet eete ey, 8 1-8 | F fo ae eee 
Seipelegieaea| g cs ee aay es 
Se re A rSere me 43 ae) eo) we wa = > 23 
Seeeo teeta tse (ks | 8 | ls Ree 
“4 i oO tea : 
ee ee Eee ee 
Dorsetshire— SOT os 1 | 159 by. ees ia Me te 6 97 
cont. 2 | 100 66] 2 68 | 1 4 49 
3 | 100 84 84] 3 4 80 
| 4 | 100 86| 3 $9 Wg 4 69 
Bp 100". 70| 6 76.) 1 4 "2 
6 | 100} .. 90} 6 Wo ..2 5 53 
7 | 100 62| 4 ee) k 4, 51 
8 | 100 49| 11 60} 1 2 46 
9 | 100 74, 74 | 3 6 56 
10 59 23 | 8 en’) 4 3 20 
Te | Woe h 66 | .. 66} 2 4, 44, 
12 | 100 41 | 17 al <3 4 37 
1,218 siz} 57 | 869| 20 | 50 | 674 
1 (Ste |  12|>.. TP x YE 16 
, wo! (2800 829 | 57 | 886| 23 | 50 | 690 
- COUNTY SUMMARY. 
aa Sageiica a] 219 | 2& | 2471 6) 21 .| 188 
, (L218) .. (812; 5% | 869} 20 | 50 | 674 
1,556} .. |1,081] 85 |1,116] 26 | 71 | 862 
E | Stat] 22} .. 17 WP te Be : 16 
i 1,568! .. |1,048| 85 {1,138| 29 | 71 | 878 
Dumbarton melt oa 1 80] . 65 7 72 3 5 55 
3 | 1607... 96] 1 OTN ce 7 90 
Pee Mubassshlisdowtsy. pec RAM 161} 98 | 169| 5 | 12 | 145 
ie e 1 } 100 a) Cosh’ |) 5 ee 
t 2 | 159 i sor] @ by 4 7 
| 3 |} 400 1 9242 5} 4% 
4 | 100 3 ge) ah o6 So 
5 | 100 Xe os | 2 5 ou 
6 | 100 | We) 4 on ee 
% a Ie 2 64| 3 Bl ww 
9 | 100 5 62|- 2 4 - 
10 159 7 121 5 8 1G5 , 
11 | 100 4 gas 5 66 
13 | 100 | R Bl hone 5 68 
‘ 14 | 100 4 %] 2H 5 83 
3 1,318 36 |1,035 |} 32 | 64 | 899 
1 | Staff} 10 L AG to Ae Ses 16 
3 Totals. |. . /15328 37 |1,051| 32 | 64 | 915 
ae 1 4 
3 B2 


1876. 20 
s 1 Who have ob- |S 88s 
& 3 FS 3s . raised Gases a ss 
2 | Se 33 ae a ficates of | 2&7 © 
ag Z is = 'S cH =| Proficiency. |S E28 
‘gf | 6 a | es ie.) 2 y |g65sm 
County. Arm. s 6 | 4 3 SRS HE 2g P= BS ; Ee 
oe | BA CeRS CRS 2 omy || 2 g ieee" 
So LES Spas as eas ae || a oe 3 sasem 
oe | 60 | SH] gts Es S 6 e e lo8eam 
7, Ss) a RD 2 A a 3 an |e 3 
g 
COUNTY SUMMARY. a 
a ; 
Daeibarton— (\ artillery lll, oe dele ch ee oa TO 8| 169) 5 | 12 | 145% 
eonktIRie sae” Tagh es .. {1,318} 120] 999] 36 |1,085| 32 | 64 | 899 © 
ke 
1,558 | 120 ]1,160| 44 /1,204/ 37 | 76 |1,044 7 
Log Stat] Wey 15 Lil) ate hae a 16 
Total ..| .. | .. |1,588| 120./1,175| 45 |1,220| 37 | 76 |1,060 4 
Dumfries Mounted Rifle} .. 1 60] .. 36 7 43 2 4 36 
Sills er, ce ait ee iI 6 153 21455 | 4) | ae 
2 | 100 83 4| 87| 2 4 63 
S100}? 62 6| 68. 3 4 60 
we poe 49| 10] 59| 2 5 48 
5 | 100 624): Pat) ee ae 5 61 
6A 10h ose %0 Ae eebaliy es 4 60 | 
a 100 : 79) oe 79 4 5 76 
8 | 100] .. 96 4| 100] 3 4 81 
Oy ON. 80) Sf} 5 79 
1,000 7371  81| 768| 23 | 47 | 652 
1 | Stat | 10}... cy eae TOs shia wees abs 
Total .. 1,010 "47 \ 81) 778 |) 940147 tens 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Mounted Rifle i Gil ovinn B6 daw Fol ASA a 
Rifles: - abu. |. 11,000}... |- 787 |- 81 | 768,|" hog) a 
‘| 1,060 773| 88] 811}: 25] 51 | 688—m 
Staff | ~ 10 ee ee 10 tee 11 
Wotal i043 1,070 | .. .| 783 | 88] 821} 26] 51 | 699 
¥ 
Devham -«| Artillery, §..| .. a 160 50 | 162 OR elk aes 8 117 | 
2 | 960] .. | 698 3{ 701.) 24 | 50 | 640-7 
3 | 320] .. | 226 6| 232} 6 | 17 | 198° 
4 | 320 268 |... | 268) .4 | 17 | 192 
Total .-| .. |-.. |1,760| 50 /1,354] 18 |1,972| 34 | 92 Jajtap 
Engineer ..| .. 1 | soo| .. | 726] 60| 786] 9 | 34 | 528 
1 | Staff} 10] .. gid Wee 11" les he 1a 
—|— ; 
s10|... | 727] 60] 787| 9 | 34 | 524°) 
Rifle’: +o. fib. 1 }:300}:.. | 206] 17] 228) .6').42 | 164% 
3 | 600 377 | 27 |, 404] 10 | 20 | 255 § 
4 | 259] . 187 Ye ae eee s | 131% 
Noe ee) ee a a ee ee ee 
Carried forward’ ., {1,159} .. 740 48 | 788] 17 40 | 550 


Durham—count. 


x s a 


iw) 
et 


1876 


Edinburgh «.| Artillery ..| 


. = , n Who have ob- |$48.- 
5 6 ra eo : ; tained Certifin al ee 
q 8 is ‘a Bi Se 3 cates of aS wo 
aa q S is aio B =I Proficiency. EE = 
Arm. a @ +4 A 8 aS 2 ce EI eres 
Se pong seisaole a |S [eR : ¢ |Se85 
ca Re ae a Pee aS) RQ g a |r Sag 
So go ra os 3 D 3 3) S |s8os 
Se yer iiss sea] a |.8 | 3 | a | & ($288 
Aen ee) = nD es 4 = 3 oie nema) 
Bt. forward ..} .. Fe te59 740 | 48 | 788] 17 | 40 | 550 
Aifleee =H. 6 | 300 O80 Des ||) (2035). 15 | 237 
Tene SOON. 1795) 13='|. 192) 7" | ie jase 
soak 300 "hE, 145 |-43: | 188| 2 | 14 | 150 
‘9 | 200 TSSRe 19m (PAS 2, 5 92 
Hols 1063." CyAlpad: Sine 2 81 
11 |! 100 63 | 4 67) 2 5 55 
12 |) LOO o. 60| 3 63 | 2 4 51 
13! */'- 2007). VS ode. |S) BL wads 
14 SOOu tere 166 | 21 187 7 12 144 
15. 200"| 5.6 MObieleet ga Nile |), 9 85 
16 | 100 BO) vee 60| 2 4 53 
90 = | LOO .. 63 | 3 66 |... 5 57 
Fie Ae LOO .b 61) +5 66] 3 4 56 
3,559 | .. |2,296 | 190 |2,486| 48 | 146 | 1,912 
Dat bade | aL Oete'es Sulears TA le ohne. 10 
2 a 7 Sila Soka my sc 8 
3 mA alee ae Bit Oylneee ne 5 
4 ” elves 5 5 4 
Total) «.,/ sa ..  |8,590 2,323 | 194 |2,517| 52 | 146 | 1,939 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery ..| .. | . 1,760] 50 |1,354| 18 |1,872| 34° | 92 |1,142 
Engineer ..| .. ene S00 726| 60 | 786] 9'| 34 | 523 
Rifle .. lee .. |8,559| .. |2,296] 190 |2,486| 48 | 146 |1,912 
6,119 | 50 |4,376 | 268 |4,644| 91 | 272 |3,577 
Staff | 41 28) 4 S2ap eas 28 
Total .. .. |6,160| 50 |4,404] 272 |4,676] 95 | 272 |3,605 
Le 7206 3 478 | 48 | 526] 10 | 33 | 401 
Rifla vow ch 1 |2,500} .. 11,949]. 77 |2,026| 73 | 115 |1,679 
3 |. 500] 60 | 484/18 | 502] 13 | 25 | 348 
Totale re. lores .. |8,000] 60 |2,483] 95 |2,528] 86 | 140 |2,022 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery= ../  .. 5 ae 478 | 48 526. | 10 33 401 
Rifle it 3). ae 60 12,433] 95 |2,528| 86 | 140 | 2,022 
Total .. Fe 60 |2,911 | 143 |3,054 | 96 | 173 | 2,423 


- 4 
1876, 22 yo 
: ! rn Whothave ob- (ba 4a: 
Eas 3 ae ; <: tained Certif. |B SS 
a8 | Se on va Bp } cates of 3 oe 
a a\eé Bs | oc EI a Proficiency. a5 g 
County. Arm. seia, |e] es a = a 2 B<e- % 
a2 }/423/¢8/281] 8 S | : 4 (Pas? g 
=A Sa) AB |e 2 ian Z aq jf cag 
Sel ebivatece resets | Ble & [SEs | 
66h | 6° ea) es) 4 8 1S te = B [eae 
in ha = n°?) 8 A a S a ls 
Elginshire ..| Artillery ~~.) .. 1 54) 6 | 460! 3 | 40. 
2 TO2N\\ 24 62 ny 3 4d. 
eae eae eC POR nie| 6 | 1292) 1 | 68s 
Rifle .. oe 1 200 avd 145 5 150 4 3 | 124 
2 100 te 100 oe 100 2 5 69 
3 100 Ce 100 e 100 2 5 GL 
4 100 ee 64 2 66 2 4 56 
v 5 100 ge 64 6 70 Z 4 56 
6 100 aie 50 16 66 2 3 5B * 
7 159 ote 125 9 134 5 6 75 
8 100 axe 80 ce 80 2 5 TT 
9 100 86 eh) 86 3 2 76 
23 
1 | Staff 3 
Essex .. 


$$$ a | 


Carried forward -» |8,100} ., [2,175 | 119 |2.294) 55 


Fife .. 


_ Essex—cont. .. 


Arm. 


No. of Administra- 


Beht. forward 
Rifle .. oe 


Total Bp da 


Artillery) 3}. 


Potal ..} .. 
..| Light Horse .. 
Artillery ..|'' <. 
a 1 
opal .%: |" 3 
PRilbet he it as 


tive Regiment. 


~ 


to 
oo) 


Carried forward 


' Who | b- Ilo ¢ 

a 2 _ | tained Certig. |B 3¢ 

ot s E g a cates of 2g oom 
‘ ica} Berd S =| Proficiency. {9 es 3 
[s) . a © o [o) P= 2 
A Beaee Nolo be q ~ hae? 
Bim et et Ge |g ES i F g |Cnes 
Sere pee | Ss) A | g g [een 
sO lea) sala | 5 | 5 | 2) & (ese 
is) a | ow es 4 = 6 alee 
3,160 2,175 | 119 | 2,294} 55 | 129 | 1,605 

22 100 29 | 81 60 1 2 23 
23 100M... TIE) We 89 2 5 65 
3,300] .. |2,281 | 162 |2,448]} 58 | 136 |1,693 

Staff LOMpE 3 9 1 10 2 : 10 
~ ci 1o' 1 11 2 10 
S,o22e) 2,300 | 164 12,464] 62 | 136 {1,713 

COUNTY SUMMARY. 

849 566 | 45 611 | 15 44 506 

~ [3,800] ',. [2,281 | 162 |2,443 | 58 | 136 | 1,693 
4,149 2,847 | 207 |3,054) 73 | 180 |2,199 

Staff |. 22] .. 19 2 21 4, ie 20 
+ f417). >. | 2,866 | 209 .|3:075 | 77 | 180 | 2,219 

il 240 | 122 | 32 154 5 An 158 
1 ela CBee 59 2:| 61 2 4 50 

2 SOn ees 60 4 64 1 2 51 
3 SOE 68°} ba 68 2 4 72, 
4 80] .. 48 2 50 | .. M: 44 
5 129 | 30 138 6 144 5 6 130 

6 agi} st. 33 1 Bart 2.3 31 
7 so! . 55 8 63 2 2 59 

8 80] .. 640! o2 64 2 s 62 

9 80"|--5. 67 6 73 1 4 63 
10 80 | 30 104 1 105 2 4 87 
Ak so] .. 54 5-| 59 1 4 57 
898 | 60 450 | 35 785 | 18 33 706 

Staff | 12") |. al ages v4 1 + 7 
910 | 60 757 | 35 792 | 19 83 713 

1 BOB: bse 135 q 142 4° 8 118 

2 200] .. 118 6 124] 4 8 105 

3 FO0n0 3. 55 | 17 72 1 ne 48 

4 SOON H es 81 1 82 1 3 "5 

: ¢ 6001... 389 | 31'| 420] 10 19 346 


§ 


OR el te 


1876. , 24 
sais : Who have ob- |} 45. 
eee a 22) 
= D a ay q BS Oe 
a= les| S mB 8 as | Ss Proficiency. [3 25.3 
Ae, SS ia, ee ant gamer wl 2558 
County. Aym. e245 8S ES ie e A ES = 
A ect a eis Gok Bynes tee t a ges 
we | es | a a| 83] 3 ce fie gf | § tease 
ge | BO} aa ee) ge UAE 6 | 2 leeee 
Fz, ‘s) = D ie z a. 3 oe. Nene, 
Bt. forward .. 600 889 81 | 420 |. 10 19 346 
Mite cont j.\ Ret ¢ Lala’ 6.) yoo: soit a4 [No] posts “eee 
i G1. Oe) |. © I Ade 71 143| 4 9 | 122 
7.| 100] . 86 1 bo Re | ae 5 79 
8 | 100. 100} .. | 100] 2 5 89 
9 | 100 54. WAO'l, Gael oR 5 49 
1,200} 30 | 849| 58/ 907] 22 | 49 | 766 
1. | Star} 10}... 13 1:\ gga “5 ae 13 
Total ..| .. 1,210] 30 | 862] 59| 921] 23 | 49 | 779 
COUNTY SUMMARY. } 
; 
Light Horse..} .. |. 240)}i 10. 192-1. 892i 16d ies, | ee 4 
Artillery , ..] .. |. sos | 60 | 750| 35| 785 | 18 | 38 | 706 © 
Rifle,. “...| .. | .. [1,200] 30 | 849] 58] 907] 22 | 49 | 766 @ 
= ee &: 
2,388 | 90 |1,721| 125 |1,846| 45 | 82 |1630 © 
Staf| 22] .. 20 rig ie 3 Bile 20 | /§ 
Total ..|... | .. [2,360] 90 |1,741| 126 11,867] 47 |. 82 |1,650 
Flint .. _ ..| Engineer ..| «. 1) Ooi! 5-601 > tas his |e aoe 5 | 115. 
Big Sean Lesa Gee 1 16 0 on eee 4 95 
per tae a Aa 74 TA. BL 5 70 
Sc eanwol s - 62 CAs eomill B 3 60 
4 | 100 82 2} 84|. 1 4 "6 
5 | 10a 97 3/100) 2 6 95 
6 | 100 87 6) 884) ot 3 "5 
600| 40:| 542]. 25] 5e7| 8 | 25 | ay 
14- Stal} 10. 13 2 14), ae ee 13 
Bo talke veep ory oefpe-wern-f--GLOn)-..40.-1 5652 28.1580.) 9" | 35l) ae 


Engineer .. 
Rifle. . 


ee 


COUNTY SUMMARY. . 


50 
AO 


15 
25 


Ee en ey 


County. 


Forfarshire 


1) 
Or 


Artillery... 


Total .. 


1 


wh 


Staff 


1876. 
: . Who h b- loe8e5 
£ 3 3 8 : : Eted ‘Certifi- Ae ge 
251% 2 A a re cates of osu 
a8 3 Fils. |es ts a a Proficiency. |S 2-53 
Arm. iy A > 5 5 aS 2 = EI Bas5° 
se |p2)/ee|/25| ¢ | 8 | 8 _ | Wie zee 
co Rahs Riera! Rt et A a a —S IP ogg 
Pes) Pose ees |S a : 3 § |SE3s 
Wee! 5 = aS ‘e) Ss 2 4 5 
Pao wee her fos! lees |e | Bo | 2 are 
.| Light; Horse..|' .. i 60} .. 78 78 2 4, 78 
Artillery os 1 240 210 11 | 221 6 13 185 
2 80 4A 8 52 1 A 35 
3 160. 144 ie 144. 5 9 94 
4 480 318 27 | 345] 10 | 25 251 
ae IRBs = on i} 
960 716 46 | 762 | 22 51 565 
1 | Staff 10 4 3 4 i 3 
Total .. 970 720 46 | 766 | 23 51 568 
Bifio ge on 1 | 800 44g | 41 | 489] 15 | 35 | 412 
2 200 151 9 | 160 6 Ty 132 
3 400 250 11 261 6 14 228 
5 200 101 Gai LO7 4 11 95 
uy) 200 123 Th Wee eXG, 3 7 110 
8 100 48 12 | ° 60 2 4 42, 
9 100] . 41 19 60 2 A 44 
10 600 432 5 | 437 | 10 24 303 
12 100 89 4 93 2 5 75 
13 100 Ad 57 7 64 2 4 53 
2,800 1,740 |. 121 |1,861 | 52 | 119 |1,494 
1 Staff 12 14 14 2 . 14. 
a a 2,812 1,754 | 121 |1,875 | 54 | 119 |1,508 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Light Horse.. é 60] .. Sale Go 78 2 4 78 
Artillery .. 5 960 | .. 716 46 | 762 | 22 51 565 
Rifle .. Ab - | 2,800 1,740 | 121 /1,861 | 52 | 119 |1,494 
F ? 3,820 2,584 | 167 |2,701| 76 | 174 |2,137 
Staff 2 18 oe 18 3 5 ules 
Total .. 3,842 2,552 | 167 |2,719 | 79 | 174 | 2,154 


320] .. 307 9| 316 
160| 50 |: 191| 19] 210 
720| 50 | 744 9| 753 
1,200 | 100 |1,242| 37 |1,279 
Bo x Sy ae 8 
1,212 | 100 |1,250| 37 | 1,287 


3 ils 221 
3 10 152 
18 41 520 
24 68 893 
2 ee 6 
26 68 899 


County. Arm. 


No. of Administra- 
tive Regiment. 
County No. of 


Glamorgan— | Rifle .. 
cont. | 


Total 


dl wo Who h b- |O EE 

2 43 : . | tained Gertit- [B= 2S * 
ta an 2 ix cates of £3 ae 
FA BS a =| Proficiency. [SEES | 
Set ah i ; 3 eg §429 
Bela 84 #44 |e sees 
Seg eee ts. aig | 8 ‘| 2 Boas 9 
= a 3 A ee ee g ena? | 
200 | W24). D1 ae ae 9 i 
200 1o7-~ 2 | 109] 2 5 
oa 452!) ~2 ‘42 | 19 . 
300 ae 298 2 5 16 
200} .. 139| 3 re 
LOO... 89] 2 2 5 | 
100 | .. 99| .. 1 6 : 
1504, (88) sh 3 8 
1004). 7 2 3 7 
200| .. 151 | 27 5 9 | 
100} .. 82| 5 2 6 | 
100} .. 100 2 5 | 
200} .. 188 | 1 4 { i 
500} .. 407 | 14 10 |. 20 i 
100 76 1 5 | 
100 64] 7 2 2 

3.159 2,527 | 79 61 | 144 
12 Sty & Ley 
oh le its 1 

3,183 | .. | 2,547] 82 63 | 144 | 2,181 


COUNTY SUMMARY. 


Artillery 
Rifle .< 


Total 


1,200} 100 |1,242 | 37 
3,159 | .. 12,5271 79 


24 -| 68] 893 
61 144 | 2,162 


4,359 | . 100 | 3,769 | 116 
361... 28 | 3 


4,395 | 100 |3,797 | 119 


85 | 212 |3,055 
A o3% 25 


89 | 212 13,080 


RR 


GLoucestershire| Artillery 


“ep hoe 


a of 


15 25 457 


1876. 


Who have ob- 


oe A 4 Bele 
£¢ 2 3 } . | tainea Certif- 15 ss 
{ 1a a liars re I 2 ne cates of 23 orm 
| a oe 3 ical) On ae a mB Proficiency. |3 5-88 
es }|es . 3 5 gHsO 
County. Arm. Spe | Sg 5 eae 2 P= a Base 
=< ma} a8 | a6 | Sg <3] 2 2 \fssn 
ee eee eed eee led loa | Bi ie eee 
ie) Sto ees al os = q Se a S |88e5 
S 3 S a5 & S iS g e |¢ene 
7 oO a nD es a a 5 Bile 
Gloucestershire | Engineer ..| .. RpiigeROe gk s))| 258.) 12. | 268° 2) | a6, | cae 
—cont. 2 | 600] .. 597.1 83 | 60a| 10.1 35 / 487 
900} .. 850] 15 | 865 | 12 | 50 | 729 
HCl Stave | aed °., Gat ae 6 1 if 6 
See ee) ome) 1 eee | ap} sft 18) | 50 | 986 
Rifle .. a esd 1.13000.) 610! 89 | 699| 20 | 43 | 581 
2 i. WOO. 58} 9 a 4 55 
3 | 100] 30 76| 2 73 |B 6 74 
5 | 100} 30 so] 6 86) 93 5 78 
82100! i. ue a me ee a ft 
£79 OOH): 60] 5 66.2: 1 59 
10 | 200) . 98] 28] 1a 2 3 81 
11 | 100 53/,. 9 62] 2 4 50 
12 | 200 | 115] 20 | 185} 2 4 | 112 
15 dl eDOOH|E 73 63) 4 67| 1 3 60 
16 | 100 461 15 Clopre. 4 45 
2,200 | 60 |1,259| 182 |1,441| 32| 77 |1,195 
1 | Staff} 12 15] 16 ae 15 
Total .. .. [2,202 | Go |1,274| 188 11,457] 33] 77 |1,210 
“COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery . : £ 640} 20 | 540} 51 | 591] 15| 95 | 452 
Engineer. .. 5 & 900 2 850 | 15 865 12 50 729 
Rifle .. eines .. }2,200] 60 |1,259/182 |1,441/ 32] 77 1|1,195 
3,740 | 80 |2,649 | 248 |2,897| 59] 152 |2,376 
Staff |. S64" .. 26| a 27 2 26 
Mitel... .. {3,776 | €0 |2,675 | 249 |2,924| 61] 152 | 2,402 
Artillery ..| .. 1 80. Bo 1S 60! 2 3 48 
ROL head. :«:0 1; |. 200M). 53/ 7 60] 3 if 52 
3 |. 100] 30 66| 4 70| 2 5 65 
eb 100d... 571 7 6Liers 3 50 
5, (, 100W... 63 | 5 68 | 2 4 48 
6 59.) 46| 2 48 | 2 1 36 
7. | 1003). 60| 2 Gores Ae 45 
559 |, 30 | 345) 27 | 3721 12 | 14 | 296 
1 | Staff Cy ae io, 1 Lief 2anh) os 10 
| a. [we |.567| 80 | 385| 28 | sss] a4 | 14 | 306 


4 


= 
@ 
NJ 
3 
bo 
je) 


Who have ob- 


t the 
Sos u 5 
E¢ a 8 L | tained Cert: |24 ss 
hoi) fe 7s E.. Bp « cates of gg wo 
EE 3 A.| es Fi eI Proficiency. |3 EE 3 
&p 4 ; ; : 
Count iN o|A Ag | 2-5 a § | ads~ 
Oun Ye rm, {Fa > 3 g 26 + E=| ic g Se 5 
Gio Pf cole Pee ies! ® ic Z q [PSs 
CF 188 | di eB o's x | 3 3 3 [Sees 
oF] 60] ss] ba] iS) 6 Fe 2 |ose8 
A s) = nD cs A x 3 a | 


COUNTY SUMMARY. 


Haddington— | Artillery ..) .. | .. SO. |. BB Be | aod) oe l= ae 
cont, 
Rifle .. BAS aici na 559 | 30 345 | 27 372 | 12 14 296 
639 | 80 | 397| 35 | 482] 14 | 17 | 344 
Staff Sua HON £ i is ed ee, 10 
Potal (3) vos oy 647'| 30 | 407-| 36 | 443] 16 | 17 | 854 
rr } 
. 
Hampshiro ,.| Artillery ..] .. 1 LOOR ES ore 158 2 160 5 9 115 
2:1 64040 25 466 | 10 | 476] 12 | 35 | 292 
4 soe BO} igt} 2°) 129 py 5 90 
880} 50 | 745] 18 | 758] 18 | 49 | 497 
1. | Staff 12 if n eh Se i 
Wotal |. s\s.f “a 892} 50 | 752| 18 | 765| 18 | 49 | 504 
Engineer ..] .. at" TOON a0 280.) 18 1304's 8 | 181 
Mounted Rifle | .. 1 BO lat 20| 12 Sail. cd 2 19 
Rifas al oss Lee tet 107 | 15 J] 122 |. py oa 
2 | 400) <4 306 | 14 | 320] 8 | 21 | 218 
3 | 100 54| 8 62h oe 2 5 51 | 
4-| 100 55 | 5 60| 1 4 44 
B WT 5004 324, 324] 9 | 20 | 248 
6 | 200] .. 163 |. 158 | 8} 10, |. 9Yeu 
7 LOO S a neat 58 | 1 6 55 
8 | 100 41 | 21 Cound 5 40 
10 | 100 55] 6 Clie 4 | 51 . 
Ul lf LOOME ch 59| 6 G5 1 5 58 
12 | 100 84} 2 86| 3 6 79 
13 | 100 50 | 18 68} 2 5 42 
14 LOO: ae 39 | 22 (rhe aye 4 42 
15 | 100], .. 56] 6 62). 3 6 51 
18 | 1004); +5 51 | 10 6L find 4 46 
19 | 200) .. 1B7 | 20 |. 187 |' 2)) 30.1 Maas 
20 1. 1002 6} 55 |. 6 61| 8 5 54 
28 1" 100d ..' BOW ty Li} Oo Aas 57 . 
24 | 100)) .. 62) 4 66 | 2 4 60 
25 | 1004) .: 69 | 12 811 reg 6 49 
3,000 | 4. |1,874| 177 |2,051| 47 | 139 |1,610 
1 {Stab LOut es’ 12) 12"). Olas 12 . 
4 ea ee 10} 1 114) a 7 
4 a LOM 54 De ae TS) Was 10 


Total... +» {8,082} .. |1,908 |.178 |2,086 | 52 | 189 1,639 | 


County. 


| Hampshire— 
cont. 


Haverfordwest 


Hereford 


Hertfordshire ..| Light Horse.. 


29 1876. 
8 os : 2 Who have ob- |b 4 43 
Be 3 2 ; , | tainea Certit [B= 8S 
fai |S a BY g u cates of g'g wt 
‘ a é me. aS a fa Profiviency. |3 3-24 
bo ° = a. i oe} ° Je e Eke) 
Arm Se eal ee es | 2 |e |e ; aes 
; qd : 8 385 
geo lta laa| esl § | & | 5 | ¢ | & boas 
oP heCies sete | 8 | S$ | a | eB iseee 
A Ss) a n cs A a 3 a le 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
PATHIIOLY) \s0'| as oe 880 | 50 745 | 13 758 | 18 49 497 
Engineer’ ..|,, «. “ie 100 | 380 TRON poe 130 a 8 131 
Mounted Rifle} .. oe 60} a. 20) 12 32 3 2 19 
Rifle .. ontiiys .. {8,000} .. {1,874 | 177 |2,051 | 47 | 189 |1,610 
4,040 | 80 |2,769 | 202 |2,971 | 69 | 198 |2,257 
Staff 44 4) i 42 5 ie 36 
. |4,084 | 80 |2,810} 203 |3,013| 74 | 198 | 2,298 
es | 1 800 ee 230 | 29 259 5 15 | 224 
1 100 82 |* 25 82 2 6 63 
2 169» | coe 123 8 131 aye 9 77 
3 LOO kas 61 as 61 2 4 54 
4 100 3 45 | 16 61 2 5 43 
6 TOON. 70 an 70 ee 4 60 
7 TOO D Vikers 48 | 14 62 a 4 48 
8 159 . S| Vay 153 2 8 101 
818] . 582 | 38 620 9 40 446 
1 Staff 10}. os 13 on 13 2 ws 13 
Total...) «. eo 828 595 | 38 633 | 11 40 459 
1 120'|) .. 88 | .. 88 5 10 73 
iio eae J 6!) 18 1 200% aie 104.) 13 lily, 3 10 109 
2 LOORS ve 76 6 82 3 5 63 
3 100 a 91 4 95 3 3 81 
A 100] .. 55 4 59 3 3 51 
5 100 os 85 2 87 2 3 62 
6 LOORE is AT 14 61 2 1 45 
7 LOO) 23 16 4 80 3 5 63. 
9 100; .. 49) 14 63 1 5 52 
10 LOOM 3 30} 30 60 1 1 29 
14 100} os 63 | 14 vice. oe 63 
1,100} .. 676 | 105 781 | 21 36 618 
1 | Staff Be ins 8] « 8 1 “s 8 
4 if 10 1O-- By 9 
Total ..| .. Se ee bs Ufa) 694 | 105 799 | 25 36 635 


Hertfordshire 


—eont. 


Huntingdon .. 


Inverness 


Bs Who have ob- |$ 4845 
Be & 8 } a tained Cerf. [KA ag 
BS | oy 2 E. a Z cates of Bg wr 
a 8 Z SOUR MAN es Soe | | Proficiency. |2 E48 
g oe es) ny DO a) ° a5 2 
Arm. selae/8§s| se) e218 1 2 |) gue 
Pa | tS Fee 26h. a & cs : s  eaee 
se RSEL ee hee ros fee |S | gil oes 
oS) gO} s5hes/a | 8 | | g |] & leeee 
A 3h = Dn eS} al a 3 a |Z 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Light Horse.. 5 120 88 88 5 10 73 
Rifle .. « {1,100} .. | 676 | 105..| 782.) 91 | 86 | 618 
1,220}... | 764 | 105 | 869 | 26 | 46 | 691 
Staff} 19] .. he) 18 rs Gare 17 
Total .. ve E232) de obi782. 20S...) BS 30 | 46 708 
{ 
A As a DAMN Sl TA RE As SAN toa ton Liban a 
Light Horse.. 1 | 240 217.1. 68. | 1854-8 4 | 120 
Rifle .. o 1 | 200 102 | 19 | 121|° 4 2 | 101 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Light Horse.. x 240 197) 68]. 185}. 8 4 | 120 
Rifle .. S 200 142046. | aga} 4 2: do Jor 
Total .. es 440 219 | 87 | 306! 12 6 | 221 
SS 
Artillery... 1 | 430 360 | 12 | 372/ 12 | 299 | 3% 
Riley hows lee 1 | 100 100'|'*.. 100'| 3 5 88 
2 | 100! . 930. Wetla LOO) |) x3 4 84 
3 | 100 WOO | vie 100 | 2 6 88 
4 f° 100] 22 87 | .. 87| 2 5 78 
5 | 100 100 | .. 100} 2 6 84 
6 | 100] .. 93) 27 | 100)... 2 69 
7 | 100! .. "6 | 24 | 100] .s 4 69 
Skeet @onne a ee Se Z 67 
9 | 100] .. a7 [V4 94 | Bs val 
1o | 100] .. 96 | “1 "7 | 2 5 64 
, {1,000 i of 845, | 40) | oad | a9 ds 762 
Staff? ty Joh .. a fee eee a oly, 11 
Total .. ea hh) 907 | 46 | 953] 19 | 43 | 773 


“9181 "490 18 Depue 

areod SULMp uooods 
-uy yenuuy 4% quos 
aid s1odyUNJOA JO “ONT 


1876. 


“syuvafieg 


tained Certifi- 
cates of 
Proficiency. 


Who have ob- 


*s10010 


*poTpoaugy Te}OY, 


*S}UOLOL -WO NT 


“SPUOTOI 


*pezELoyyne 

sormetoumnuredng 
re 
eo “VUMOULYST] 
-QBIsgp WNUIXeyT 


‘sdi09 
jo ‘on Ajunos 


‘JUOUUISOY OAIY 
-BlJSIUTUp VW JO ‘ON 


COUNTY SUMMARY. — 


County. 


a a Noe © oD awraan aS) coon. ie) 
es oor = Cs) aA OH OO 1D Ro) OS 1 © ea) 
no & Lins teal (on rt = = ine) wo 
: ie ic 1 
' 
a 0 a = oO onto 1» 10 HO & 0 q 
nN = i~ Po as we ine) oD rt i | wD 
o1 bt a A Samal a N A Fe oO es a an re w-z ND S 
mi orm N isp) re N 
AQ can 0 ~- ON os © =) So eet oe © iJe) 
I~ aes A rt Qe eo ~ ice) me © © 16 N 
mo oO oO Col (2) lac iol 12 wD rt rc“ oo 
ce et a 
a © comune oO x mot A =) =) BHO + 
oe wD ° ite) eS isn) isa) A N 10 
2 0 12 A iO .S os o.° =) SsouHwtia 
oS uit S tS aAaSoGSaw»w zr B SeaAa ie 
2 ine nN s eS \ a be) uD re = ive) 
re to | 
° Ome, ra) Danse ° 
isp) ine) . ine) oD ° e WwW ee) 
eS co) =) ro) =) & & S 2-2 © =} 
oS Qa S =) SS88s8S8 Ss is} ooo Sd ime) 
vo ~~ basil Ll AN A fs ee CK ee A a 
5 
= a HA Fok =| : Haw ® . 
aa n . 
= us} 
a 
: : Sees S 
3 : = : : a 
| om 
eA! =e 
. . . . . . oO 
e . . . ‘ . ° = 
- a B 
a Ss oD 
3 g « 
le = : = i= =e 
mo o o a 
eS =| Ss a 
san 3S ; - 
4 S aa 
+S . : a 
~ . ° e 
8 3 1 
/ EI ee 
‘ ; ; 
z = a : 
F % : an 
e 2 2 B 
nm n 
4 ey a | 


ee) 
bo 


Who have ob- 


a ay i 


, 5 cs ee 
£ fe re Ss Ae tained Certifi- a ss 
aa |S =. Big Bc Se cates of eet 
B= S ico Fe ie 5 3 Proficiency. [3 ae on 
he =| NS 5 “A = . s 

County. Arm. oelA. a3 Be g P= I g<s— 
ao | bel eel pe | 8 es in Fs @ |S38e 
Se] 38 Bal S54 3 it 3 | 8 ls 
oe oO |) ea ape & S } E e looks 
i) = . mn <5) A a 5 Bie 
Bght. forward | .. i 880} 80 | 672] 54 | 726] 20 | 51 | 586 
Kent—cont. ..| Artillery ..] .. 10 | 480 362/ 18] 380] 9 | 29 | 380 
11 TS ee 47 3 | oon es 5 43 
12 80 | 50 93 3| 96] 2 7 79 
13) 7} (2404 |. 202 8/ 210; 4 | 16 | 122 
1,760 | 180 |1,376| 86 |1,462| 37 | 108 |1,160 
1) star |} ato 5 1 6 1 4 
otal i. Otis 1,770 | 180 |1,381 | 87|1,468] 38 | 108 |1,164 
Bier 2 ee 60 | 176 2] 178) °8 "| 4 Vea 
ef 106 | 14) 120] 5 7 98 
6h | IG) Feb Seine 56 
748 | 11/ 759] 22 | 54a | 638 
Oe te. 6 NeiOe Nuss 6 79 
: 100 6] 106] 2 vA 85 
i 72 6.| 78 pend 6 69 
AOn Y sie 4 ra 6 86 
Se 101 1/ 102] 2 4 87 
V3 52 8{ 60] 1 5 49 
30° 206 | 10°) 116 | 3) ia) eo 
, 520/ 38] 558] 19 | 38 | 506 
: Ob hey 2H teams, Vee 7 79 
: 68 On eae ie ee 5 53 
¢ 84 24. (6cb. 1 6 2 
: 53 7, BONER 5 AT 
63 ee Ee 5 61 
a 5a 8 aay 1 6 53 
62 4| 66] 2 q 61 
63 GRE A eee | 6 59 
79 os, Gmcee | 6 67 
61 Si) 70. ie 4 59 
54/ 12} 66] 2 4 58 
120 |2,987] 193 3,180] 86 2,689 
1 2, 1 oi Sasha 12° 
2 16 |. 6 ee 15 
5 ; LON: i Tige ieee 10 
Pabah dis 120 /3,024] 195 |3,219| 92 2,726 


33 1876. 
: Z 
Fs i n Whohaveob- jo 42 . 
t $ - Re re ‘3 . " tained —* ATS 
B= | a s a Ss te Az ye 
_ 5 = ica} g 3 a = Profcieney. o ae": 
County. Arm. g ‘S| } a eS A 5 a s £ |B a9 
rice as coe t b S fg | A & g |base 
Lom) Ak roles lea om 1 o B a |x, Fo 
66/38 | 48 | 52 | & le al) 2 loses 
A iS} = ae wm ica] 7, = S 3 \S 2a . 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Kent—cont. ..| Artillery ..| .. .. {1,760 | 180 |1,376 86 |1,462 | 37 | 108 |1,160 
Rifle .. oe A 4,459 | 120 |2,987 | 1938 /3,180 |} 86 | 217 | 2,689 
6,219 | 250 |4,863 | 279 | 4,642 | 123 | 325 | 3,849 
Staff See hiies 42 3 45 if as 41 
Motel’ 2s) . +. |6,256 | 250 |4,405 | 282 | 4,687 | 180 | 325 |3,890 
_Kincardine ..| Artillery ..| «. i 80] . 49 28 77 1 On 40 
2 80 46 4 50 2 5 42 
3 80 AB 6 49 1 3 35 
4, SOL Fate 48 3 51 1 4 37 
Totaly se\. ) ate aie 320 | .. 186 41 | 227 5 12 154 
Rifle .. ala: in ise 2 LOO) |. 08 89 1 99 4 6 93 
5 TOO aaa 33 33 66 1 a! 33 
6 100") 6. 1G) \ iets 76 3 6 57 
7 LOOM Ag 68 6 7 ee 3 49 
8 100 Fre 93 93 2 6 82 
500] . 859 40 | 399} 10 22 294, 
1 | Staff Cloaks 12 dB omit oA earor ila! 
POMBE alu (are : 507 ; 371 Al | 412] 12 22 305 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 

; | 
Artillery’ ..| ‘.. F 320 |. 186'| 41} 227/ 6] 12 | 164 
Rifle .. ae. ee ee 600'| «. 359 40 | 399] 10 22 294 
820) .. 545 81 | 626] 15 B4 448 
Staff 7 12 1 13 2 11 
Motals.||\. «. ee S270 os 557 82 | 639 | .17 34 459 


1876. 34 | 
a 
3 wh nage i Who have ob- 2 was . 
as a is ; a tained Certif- JESS | 
8 |S @ = a 2 3 cates of eeu 
& q - Se. aD a = Proficiency. |SSES 
eA Men) aii gs s z 2 gede q 
County. Arm. E 2 | 4 Pi se! Bes 8 P| a 4 \saes 
ore | es Weee [Geiss |e Ble) | oe | ee 
89 wa 3 Ss Fa 3 2 % |Seo¥ 
gi AN) BeOn (0 teste eaten (te 8 6 a Eg (lggas 
SP ot leet Megs lea ter, (26) | ee | 
Kirkeudbright .| Artillery 1 |- 80 sit? "16! | Ser oa 45 | 
Rifle .. ae . ane Ao 2 89 30 90 3 A 65 
= 2 100 83 3 86 2 6 TT es / 
3 100 61 5 66 3 6 48, 
5 200 183 5 188 2 iL 146 
6 100 75 9 84 2 5 62 
600 49] 23 514. 12 32 380 
(Galloway .,| Admin. Bn.)..) 1 | Staff 10 NOR 10 3 “2 9 
Hotell oct) vi. 610 501 23 524. 1é | 32 389 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery . 80 51 10 61 1 4, 45 
Rifle .. Re lees A ee 600 491 23 514 12 32 380 
680 542 33 575 13 36 425 
Staif 10 aa 10 10 3 9 
Potall | w. ne 690. as 552 33 585 16 36 434 
Lanark,. +. | Artillery <3) 1 (1,360;) .. || 1,253 211,255 | 46 69 {1,047 
Engineer se ul 600 M 437 6} 443 | 14 24 430 
Bide 0: 20 thas 1 | 1,600 1,113 1\1,114) 39° |) 61 [one 
; Str SO0i ae. 733}. 28| 761} 25 | 47 | 585 
4 900 | . 621 6 |. 627 | 25 48 583. 
16 |1,000 835 31 866 27° | AM 693 
19 |} 15200445, 632 60 | 692} 19) 50 565 
25 800 707 4} Jil | 2 41 487 
29 |1,000 593 5 598 28 52 551 
31 {1,000 t 906 7 913 25 55 943 
37 100 |. 20 91} 14) 105 2 th 88 
55 100 56 8 64]. 1 5 44 
Carried forward 8,600 | 20 |6,287 | 164 |6,451 | 213 | 410 | 5,555 


35 1876. 
B45 a bes Who have ob- |o 4 Bis 
BS a a a : tained Certifi- |&'~ BSS 
se Ore a qi 2 z cates of agar 
Be § | Bed A Ss Proficienc SEAs 
oe |S 4 | Se & 8 (883s 
County. Arm. Spaeth ee hee ls ef. & B ma oe 
Se )ebp etl ss) 2 )8)8 12 | 2 Bess 
PEt 8S | -2e poke | & Mee aa: & [sess 
Pele a ere be is | & |g [sake 
fer: : 
Brought forward .. 8,600 20° | 6,287 164 |6,451 | 213 410 |5,555 
Lanark—cont..| Rifle .. 62 100;|, ... 76 3 79 2 5 74, 
73 | 100 ear etree oh. |. Cal eae 
94 100 59 4 63 2 3 59 
105 | 1,200 854 28 882 29 62 691 
107 100 c 89 . 89 2 6 85 
10,200} 20 |7,427 | 205 |7,632 | 250 | 491 |6,515 
3 Staff 5 iis 9 2 11 3 a ) 
Pokal a puse 10,205| 20 | 7,436 207 17,643 | 253 491 | 6,524 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery 1,360 1,253 211,255 |} 46 | 69 |1,047 
Engineer L 900) .. ||. 487 6| 443| 14 | 24 | 430 
Rifle .. .. {10200! 20 |7,427| 205 | 7,632 | 250 | 491 | 6,515 
‘{12,160| 20 |9,117 | 213 |9,330 | 310 | 584 |7,992 
Staff} 5/ .. SO ees ae: (eae 9 
Total .. we. «- [12,165 20 | 9,126 215 | 9,341 | 313 584 | 8,001 
| 
Lancashire ..| Artillery mane sty 1 640 597 12 609 8 32 492 
: : : A 640 ADA 23 Dave 5 32 401 
; 5 480 t. 353 16 369 6 29 239 
8 960 Ae §82 35 917 15 48 648 
10 80 a4 73 a 73 z 5 70 
12 960 50 893 14 907 13 53 873 
15 720 ni A78 12 490 12 39 449 
17 240 ae 207 11 218 3 13 155 
18 240 180 10 190 6 14 169 
19 720 685 17 | 702 16 40 577 
wiser. kb Sad! g 0 olgda bo 1) 1) gar |) BIS 
23 240 | 146 8 154 2 14, 127 
24 160 . 160 1 161 3 9 128 
25 80 79 Alt 80 2 5 46 
26 160 : 138 20 158 af : 9 114 
| Carried forward A) ..|6,720 | 50 |5,709 189 |5,889 | 94 | 366 | 4,836 


C2 


f 
1876. 36 

le . ds Who have ob- |$4 5.5 

bee 2 8 ; . | tained Certiae [24 os 

OSes 3 A a Ss cates of 2S bors 

| 2 3 Be. | es FI a Proficiency. | E § 3 

q 42) N “4 

County. Arm. oo Ay 5 8 cha i P| A. 4 Eee 
soles |aelee | 18 | 2 | gl g bees 

oe] eg0) 82/88) 9 |] 8 | 2 s | 8 \8oea 

i e) a a es) 4 = 8 & 4a-—-a 

Bght. forward - [6,720 | 50 [5,709 | 180 |5,889 | 94 | 366 | 4,836 
Hancashire—_| Artillery _ ..] 2 | Staff ern oe 4 Aer fe 3 
cont. | ° 8 At. 12 3 8!) ae 2 
4 2 10 5 5 il o 2aallaaee 5 

Motelalest ace .. |6,754] 50 |5,721 | 180/5,901| 96 | 366 14,846. 
Engineer ..| .. 1 | 800 497} 21 | 518| 18))| 32° 1) 464m 
2 600} .. 525 41 | 566 ef 23 477 

Total ..| .. e+} \fd,400"] fF. [1,022 ) (62° 11,084 | 201) [eben ymmoda 
Rifle .. 25h ies tN 1OGOT18: : 942} 14] 956.| 28 '| 44 | 4e5 | 
2-1 B00% te soo | .. 800] 16 | 44 | 563) 
f 4 | 160° ||. 30412 106 (Ne, Pvt gel peo 5 835 

5 11,000] .. s66 | 17] 883] 338 | 52 | 769 

6 |1,200] ... |1,101] 1841,114| 25 |). 43 |1,00gm 

ZAI BOON I) 268 9| 2771 6 + 18 | 206 

Si EIGOOn ee 614 1| 615] 15 | 32 | 472. 

9 | 600} .. 394} 23| 417] 7 | 26 | 382 

1o | 900] .. 674) 571 738i 8 | 426 ni aee 

11 soo | .. 761 21 | 782. 6 41 644. | 

13 |r~200"|)\L. 152 |;- 16-|° 1688!) Tome aaa 

15 | 600]. . Boor mae 599 | 20 | 84 | (455 
i ai BUPA he 400 | .. 400} 6 | 20 | (383 — 

OE abe BOOMS ae 274) 151] 289] 8 6 | 226 

BB = JexGooal ie 403 10] 413} 12 | 24 | 362 
24 |. 600 439 | .. 439 | 138 | 24 | 388/| 

27 11,000) .. 701} 17| 718) 20 | 50 | 623, 
29 sv G00 Gayle 62| 2 4 57 | 

$1 ONS 6004! 8 364 5) .369| 14 :| 24 | 356 

$3. 11,200." ..) 189 1|1,200} 16 | 52 {1,105 
401,200} ..~ 11,200 |... }4,200-} 20. | 55 | 4111 | 

4G. | 2001 .. 161 3! 1641 6 9 | 1250 
47 900 |}... 701 20} 721-1. 22 31 585 | 

48 | 100] 60 | 133 4} 137]. 2 8 | 10am 

49 LOOH ES ct Ais 2 JAS 3 72 1 2 59° 

54 | 200] .. 153 2| 155] 92 9 | 148 | 

55: Compe 100] . 1007} wan 5 79 

56 | 800] .. 736| 18] 749) 11 | 30 | 664 

Carried forward --|16,500} 90 |14,372] 278 |14,645| 330 | 743 12,436 


La : Who have ob- |$ 4 3.3 
Bs 3 3 , _ | tainea Contig. [2-58 
ae a 2 2 me cates of eg ot 
eins] ‘ A. | Beg | | Proficiency. |S 2-28 
j ral iE & ce i= q o 4 4 9 gas6 
~ County. Am. |e}. | 2S) 58] 2 EI a a ee 
Boomer eee eae oe | a | aes 
Se AES = RSI q eS aa oe Z aie ss 
OF 69 Ba oS 5 U a S 6s |sSog 
q Spies her heave ts | 8 | g fs (eee 
i bet ae oe ce fo Sipe 
[ 
Beht. forward .. - {16,500} 90 {14,372| 273 |14,645| 330 | 748 | 2,436 
Lancashire— | Rifle ., So ete SFr cl. 100 inn. 100° |... 100} 3 5 60 
cont. 59 100 a 68 1 69 al 5 51 
} 60 100}, «. 95 as 95 2 6 85 
62 200 Ae 135 ° 135 6 11 128 
64 600 Ac 546 16 | 562 13 33 483 
67 100 os 70 8 78 1 4 66 
76 100 oe 91 1 92 1 6 84. 
80 800 SC) 419 61 480 11 21 397 
84 100 sie 100 at 101 1 1 60 
88 100 30 130 3 130 3 5 102 
91 100 2 74 74 3 5 60 
18,900] 120 |16,200] 361 |16,561 | 375 845 (14,012 
3 Sta 12 a AEE 1 12 2 ee 19 | 
4 3d 10 aa 14 1 15 aE é 8 
6 bs 10 Ovlrue Gl eane ; 5 
es | 10 Mig al a 5 
a at 10 | Bi: 5 4 
9 ” if . 4 4 oe A 3 
Raye a ae «- {18,959} 120 |16,244} 363 |16,607 | 378 845 (14,047 
| 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery alt ee i 6,720 50 | 5,709} 180 | 5,889 94 366 | 4,836 
‘ Engineer ah, “els ‘ 1,400) .. 1,022 62 | 1,084 20 55 941 
| Rifle .. ae ‘ .. {18,900} 120 |16,200|. 361 |16,661} 375 845 |14,012 
“ 27,020} 170 |22,931| 603 |23,634| 489 | 1,266 |19,789 
Staff 93 56 2 58 5 45 
Potal \os]° «< 605 | 23,592 


Leicester +. | Rifle .. 


Carried forward .. 


37 


1876. 


Qe OD re 


oe 


1 2 
sis 4 
2 3 
3 7 
2 4 
8 20 


Leicester—cont. 


Lincoln 


— 
me - 
— 


38 
sarin sense gree 
a » v 4 2 
By 4/3 . | \ tanea Corian (eee 
Bs es “B R 2B a3 cates of 23 we 
‘as 3 is] ; Bed B a Proficiency. See 4 
Arm Se |e be) es | Bie je > asso 
eS |bal ga) ee] 2 |e |S | e | 2 peas 
28 a Be fies Pie S Fo] S 8 8 loa e 
64|55|83)| 52] & 6 6 & R lof 
a ie) aA” | a o>) A A o.| a |Z2e 
| | 
Brought forward .. Sie OOH Me 511 54 | 565 8 20 470 
Tifa .. . g |-aog tL. er|: 71 al. 4.| 64 
9) L000" : 87 5} 92] 2 4 76 
10) 8007S Wa | IT Ny 62a 12 1 51 
1,000 v10| 83] 793 | 12 | 29 | 661 
1 | Staff} 10 Wi dd: as) ee 119 
Total'’..| .. gle) iis oe "21 | 841 805| 15 | 29 | 672 
«.| Light Horse..| .. 1 60 9 39 6 45 2 3 41 
Artillery ..] «. 1 | 160 100 31 103} 2 8 78 
2 | 240 170 5 | 175:| +6 ) Se aeies 
3° |) 129 86 2 (888 4 74 
529 356| 10] 366| 11 | 27-]) 80 
1 | Staff nee Silt: 6.40) 12 ee 5: 
Total ..| .. 38 586 | .. 361| 16] 871] 18 | Se (ane 
Matic ids i asin ete 1 | 300] .. | 1899] 12] 201) 8 | 14 | 150 
2 \© 100%," 92 2| 94) 38 4 82 
3) 1!, 2004) 1.8 109 8; 17), 3 6 | 104) 
4 100 |<. 79 31) '82 3 5 67m 
5 | 100] .. 71 5| 76] 8 5 68 
6 | 100| 10 | 106 Beat te 4 91 
7h LOOM), LOOME ae 100 3 5 84, - 
8 LOO“)... 70 1 71 3 3 972, 
93-7) 1007)"-3 69 Bl AL foo 4 69 
Fea ae 6 9 ca 70 a4 eye 5 66 
WB. ec ROO oh poo.) ar $.] 180n) 13 2 76. 
1s i606); 65 4) Geis 4 59 
17.) 186 |. 64 6 |. 20) ee te 1 |/ 59 
16), .1:"100;|) 39| 17| 56) 2 3 37 
19) |) 60]. 66 |) >) 2 freee 52 5 |  64— 
20 | 100] .. 60 a On ie ae 5 577 
' |yg00| a0 |2,326| 80|1,406| 46 | 75 1,205 — 
1 |-Steff |--204 .. amt ox TGR 35 ee 16 
2 a 10. Whi. 12 12 has 11 
Total . I .. | 8920 ao (9,954 | 801,494 |. 61 7 75 | 12sam 


' 


County. 


Lincoln—eont. 


Linlithgow ., 


London 


Arm. 


Light Horse .. 


Artillery 2. 
Bile... 
Total .. 


Potal,..,. 


Artillery 
Engineer... 
Rifle .. _ 
Total” 7 
Artillery .. 
Rifle .. 
‘otal, \,. 


1876: 


one 


g ! “Who have ob- [$45 . 
By A i aS ; ns tained Certiti. |2= os 
ag D hee nm “ati f jas 2 
em fl Sic = Ss Proficiency. |8 88°: 
Ae | So Pel BO ‘ & L oer eS 
32) 4 Semler Set a | x MR oS 
isola pee ge (8 | & | Bg | es [Saee 
Pei eee Neate |e) ee. eess 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 

on | 60 9 389 6 45 2 3 41 
ee mG 529 ae 356 10 366 11 27 310 
" 1,900| 10/1326! 80 |1,406| 46 | 75 |1,205 
2,489 | 19 |1,721-| 96 11,8171 59 | 105. |1,556\ 

Staff 27 F | 33 ae 38 | 7 32 

eens | 
c 2,016 19 |1,754 96 1,850 66 105 | 1,588 
f | 


woo 2 tye) 68 | “var | | 14° | 162 
600| .. | 349|. 58| 407] 7 | 28 | 387 
1,200| .. | 594] 438] 732] 31 | 44 | ‘583 
1.000 686 | 68! 754| 18 | 50 | 501 
1,200 g97| 25/ g22/ 19 | 61 | 726 
3,400 2,177 | 281 |2,408| 68 | 155 {1,810 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 

400 | .. Wa} 63} 240} i) 7) | 14° 1 368 
600] . 349| 58| 407| 7 | 28 | 387 
3,400 1 .) |2,177 | 281 |2,408| 68 | 155 | 1,810 
4,400,| .. |2,704| 952 |3,056| s2 | 197 | 2,380 


oo ; 
+ 
1876. 40 
3 1 ave ob- 1a 48 
; go: = 8 : * tuined Certify | os 
E A S $ ag zB = cates of £5 we 
5 z 3 <a) : 5 3 8 3 Proficiency. § aes 
County. » Arm. Be 5 72 an ae EI A : B<8° 
Mel Bold arlaeical 28 a) | BO) oe) | oe 
S52 eS Pea ed ote | oe ees BI S s § |SseS8 
si} 88-| 82) 851 e 6 ra z e |e8ee 
Zi Oo =a bac N a a Be a a S a ae 
Middlesex ..| Artillery <.] .. 2 640] .. 603 23 | 626} 20 34 489 
3 960 | .. 895+. 42] 937 | 25 50 787 
Total se -« -..|1,600| .. [1498] 65 11,563] 45 | 84 11,276 
Engineer ..] .. 1 800}... |. 424]. 24]; 448] 18) ] 381 | 394 
Rifle .. ekg aie ts 1 400 | .. 152 90. |. .242.,) 16 il 166 
2 | 1,400 686 172 858 | 36 65 648 
3 159 87 16.) 103 3 5 75 
4. 700 617 47 | 664 | 12 30 504 
9 600 344 51] 395 | 14 21 297 
11 600 500 4 S14 | 7 29 468 
12 100 71 4 75 2 4 68 
13 100 58 34 92 3 A 65 
14 TOO9)) -\3 97 2 99 1 5 84 : 
15 800 436 85 | 521} 19 28 402 | 
16 400 245 2| 247 5 17 226 | 
18 300 173 265) 199 7 15 170 
19 | 1,000 TAT 53 | 800 | 23 51 710 
20 | 1,000 592 35 | 627 | 20 39 548 | 
21 800 375 86 | 461 | 22 30 373 | 
22/9 11,200 697 52 | 749°} 32 46 688 
23 800 239 | 215 | 454] 17 21 306 
24 100 70 9 79 1 4 60 
26 | 1,300 722 95 | 817| 24 46 690 
28 | 1,200 : 863 60 | 923 | 23 53 805 
29 800. 500 21; 521) 16 37 470 
30. 100 79 . 79 2 3 69 
33 LOO): vc. 96 3 99 5 "7 
36 900 807 807 | 27 47 719 
37 800 | 60 782 782 o 46 651 
388 600 383 71 454 | 14 25 367 
39 800 608 33 | 641 11 40 555 
: 40 800 437 | 103 | 540] 11 28 391 } 
41 200°} 5. hig 13 130 3 8 112 
43 100 | .. 55 7 62 3 4 49 
44 100 42 23 65 2 5 46 
46 600 490 19 | 509 9 26 436 
49 | 1,000 633 5 | 638] 17 50 545 
50 100 68 3 71 1 fe 65 
20,059} 60 |12,868| 1,449 |14,317| 438 | 848 | 11,905 
2 | Staff f bene haa 9 a 9 eal? ess 9 
7 ‘ 1G}. he Be 11 ROA She 11 
Total i. |b. ++ |20,081| 60 12,888 | 1,449 |14,837] 442 | 848 | 11,925 


Ha 
pt 


1876; 
———L————— SS SS * 
! / re a Who have ob- |S 4% 
We ia! ee P , | tained Certif. [BA 8.5 
28 |S a a. a cates of | B'S wn 
3 g 3 ja} ; B 3 FI = Proficiency. 2 Ee 3 
County. Arm. ist eh ea ge | 88 | g s a ~__ |Bae0 
se} pe 1323) e6] 2 & cS} ; g \Soan 
oH 2a) 88] £2 5) ic. 2 gq rege 
celeslee/8e|/ 2) 212) 2] 2 ets 
eeherieslae(e |e |e | sia (tte 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Middlesex--cont.| Artillery F ey LE GOOO ae 1,498 65 | 1,568 45 84 | 1,276 
Engineer. . 800; .. 424 24 448 13 31 394 
Rifle .. aa 4 20,059. 60 {12,868} 1,449 |14,817| 438 $48 | 11,905 
22,459| 60 |14,790|1,538 |16,328| 496 | 963 | 13,575 
Staff veda PAO Oo 20 A ate 20 
Bota Sey ec we (22,481 60 |14,810/}1,538 |16,348) 500 963 | 18,595 
| 
Midlothian ..| Artillery 3 1 640 50 | 458 | 88 546 | 21 31 | 436 
ET. pL, 200, ‘ 875 24 899 32 55 653 
Rifle .. 2 400 ats 347 37 384 9 21 314 
3 200. +e 133 3 136 5 10 110 
5 100 60 ety lg 5 116 3 vi 107 
6 100 : 94 vi 101 4, 5 86 
1,900 | 601,560] 76 |1,636| 53 98 | 1,270 
a! Staff 10 nen 13 we 13 3 ats 8 
Total .. 1,910} 60/1,573 | 76 |! 56 98 | 1,278 
COUNTY SUMMARY 
Artillery as . 640 50 458 88 546 21 31 436 
Rifle .. ae 1,900 60 | 1,560 76 | 1,636 53 98 | 1,270 
2,540 | 110 |2,018 | 164 |2,182 | 74 | 129 |1,706 
Staff 10 ele 13 ba 13 3 aa 8 
otal ve) ae 2,550 110 | 2,031 | 164 | 2,195 77 129 | 1,714 
Monmouthshire Artillery Ripe 1 400 260 78 338 3 25 212 
Sete Ns Mead State | aso) fg ee (llamas anne 5 
412 266 78 344 4 25 217 
} Riles. | c+] as 1 Pb ipawio,,| | 87) 1-3 | 901° 3 4| 72 
2 600 se 540 11 551 6 32, 387 
3 400 ae 297 EG. 314 8 15 230 
4 100 a 86 Be 86 3 5 76 
5 159 os 5 AG 75 2 5 73 
7 6 100 os 68 2 70 2 5 5a 
rf 300 195 9 204 7 10 164 
8 100 te 78 2 80 1 6 70 
9 100 79 2 81 2 6 60 
Carried forward AR «-/1,959 | 60 {1,505 | 46 11,551} 33 88 | 1,189 


County. 


Monmouthshire 
cont. 


Nairn .. ae 


Wewcastle-on- 
Tyne 


42 
rr RE ES PEE EIS LT 
: ' Who haye ob- |g 4% 
£ 8 cs BS A F talea Certaf- 25 Bes 
Q 5 oa $ EB @ 3 cates of Laur 
8 BE | ¢ fz) es a a Proficiency. |3 2.5. 
Arm. = le 2a re 5 S ga = a fs Lae Bdzo 
we (Se eB Be Se, ee ee 
Spee} pe} ead is 1") | g | 8 | 2 hee 
se }580 | 88) 82) € SMe: & | 2 (eee 
iz; oO Pas} mM | val an 6 m4 yu as 
Broughi forward a ../1,959 | 6O |1,505 | 46 |1,551 
1 ) Staff LONER 5 1 6 
Bich uy 10 40:1), <3 10 
Total +.) ) 1,976) 6O {1,520 | 47 | 1,567 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery a 400 260] 78 338 3 25 212 
Rifle .. a «+ §={1,959 }, 60 |1,505 | 46. | 1,551) -33 88 /|1,189 
2,359 | GO | 1,765 | 124 {1,889} 86 | 118 | 1,401 
Staff 29 ma 21 Z 22 5 19 
Total . oe 2,888; 60 | 1,786) 125 |1,911 | 41 | 118 | 1,420 
Artillery... | x 1 160 | 121 | 121 5 | 10 104 
Artillery  ..| 1 640 552] 15 567 | 20 36 482 
Engineer 1 | 400] . 349| 51 | 400} 4 | 20 | 285 
Rifle .. Sere 1 800] . 504] 16 520 |. 14 31 443 
j 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery 6.4). ak 5e | 640) .. 552} 15 567 | 20 36 482 
Engineer 4.) os + 400 , 349 | SL 400 4 20 285 
Rifle .. cil ee abe 800 504] 16 520] 14 $1 443 
Dota vei oe -. |1,840 1,405 | 82 {1,487 | 38 87 | 1,210 


mes 
es) 


1876. 


FS ji mh | Who have ob- |o 48 
es gS 3 2 i : tained Certi- | AT Ps 
aa | Se = Ses na 3 ficates of 2's 
; ; _ a i ea) ES a S Proficiency. |8 257: 
as} fe} : N no Peel ees 
County. Arm. S32 a. | BS BE | 8 2 ts i iE 450 
Sele wa ee) eye | Re) gt 2 bees 
oo pelt, Ss ae ons ar ' Sex| 5 cs & 2 Ko 
Sheol ea] Se) e@ | 6 | £1 2 i 2 eee 
ak he ala kn A le = OS ape 
Norfolk .s | Actifiery: '..ds-0 1 | 160 m1 Val mers ea 213) |) 9 | 105 
2 160 142 143 5 19 132 
. Bel eR Hee 
320 266 6 272 7 19 237 
1 | Staff a0 ea ieee 6 6 2 ate 4 
Totaliz) . si 330 272, 6 278 9 ug) 241 
Rifle .. ey fiaisin if 600 | .. 498 7 505°) 16 31 422 
2 0/0 eee 432 3 445 | 11 26 369 
BL 0a0) 5... 585 | 24 609_| 32 48 509 
\ 410 GOO G3... 340 | 42 382 | 15 25 326 
Wo) SY Ele ie as) j2WoOl wee al dj8op | 86 | 1,041) 74 1 180 11,626 


i} 

Artillery oi Be We ages 29) | 266 6 QB 7 19 237 
TR a ie 2 ae .. /2,759 '1,855 | 86 {1,941 | 74 | 130 |1,626 
| . | 

3,079 2,121.|. 92 |2,213 | 81 | 149 |1,863 
Staff 10 SG) Rene. 4 
otal i. 1’ .. ». {8,080} .. 2,127 | 92 |2,019| 83 || 149 | 1,867 


Northampton..| Engineer ..| .. 


1 2 79 Soa aes 61 
Rifle .. 1 100 68 4, 72 At 5 66 
2 100 18 | 38 56 1 3 16 
3 500 342 5 347 | 4 || 25 311 
56 200 148 4 | 152 By) Sy 113 
7 100 97 3 aie oe 5 95 
8 100 61 |. 61 3 3 61 
9 100] .. 96 96 il 5 86 
1,200 830 | 54 884] 18 | 53 748 
tp estat |) Pes 1 1 12 24 iat 
Distal tte 2 Wael deel he 841 | AS 896 | 20 | 53 759 
"R " 


Northampton—| Engineer 
cont. 


Northumber- 
land 


tive Regiment. 


No. of Administra- 
Corps. 


County No. of 


t 
rQ He 
3 12 
a Pe 5 

uel 
Sie 50 
gs a5 BS 
SS ee ol acs 
aa Sg a 
mS i= AS Fest 
4.4] 388 S 
on aS & 
=I D is) 


Non-Efficients. 


COUNTY SUMMARY. 


Total Enrolled. : 


Who have ob- é as 
tained Certifi- |A™ 25 
cates of £3 wot 
Proficiency. |3 2-48 
3 
B8a80 
B.85 
7 A on 
3 2 |F*2¢ 
te a te 2 DS 
Sy S oR oy 
S — Sig 
4B 5 o2ne 
° n |G 


100 | .. 77 2 79 
1,200 830 | 54 884 
1,300 A 907 | 56 963 

12 ll 1 12 
Psl2oh -. 918 | 57 975 


1 {aoe 161] 3 | 164|.°9 | 18 | 449 
2 | 640/} .. | 307] 94 | 401] 10 | 20 | 299 
3 | 480} .. | 363] 22 | 385] 12 | 24 | 391 
1,360| .. 831 | 119 | 950] 31 | 57 | 692 
HOPE se co Artemis i: 1 
UI TO Ns cieuo.|) 882). 119). 952 1.3L. | See aes 
Bel sen Wee 196 | | dae s 9 | 0 
£1 1d0ue.. is Pee nee 6 "3 
4 |e004 Le 47 | 13 60] 1 5 35 
5 | 200 |e 54| 16 76) 4 4 40 
6 | 100] .. 57 | 5 62| 2 5 55 
7 (hat im 5.4) agile 88 | 10 98| 2 6 80 
8 | 600] .. | 209]149 | 358] 8 | 25 | 240 
10--|- 400-|~<. 49| 11 60 3 44 
RR ae 07 See eames eae ta lees Bot 5 65 
1,459 777 | 222 | 999| 22 | 68 | 742 
AO dated 14] 2 1 dear tgs 12 
1,469 791 | 224 11,0157. 23 | 68 | [54 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
1,360 | .. 831 |} 119 | 950| 31 | 57 | 692 
1,459| .. | 777| 222 | 999| 21 | 68 | 742 
2,819 | .. {1,608 | 341 |1,949| 52 | 125 |1,434 
20 inxs 15] 2 17 eee howe 13 
2,889 | .. |1,623 | 343° 11,966 | 54 | 125 | 1,447 


45 1876. 
A . Who have ob- |$ 455 
ge me a : . rained Certifi- te ss 
pees 2 hun a 42) cates of ag wn 
os ; daa BES | =| Proficiency. | 92.55 
Be | .o aa| ss . ra & Bese 
County. - | Arm: 32 4a18 ange reds 2 a d , eee 
Beleeieel sat 2; 8 >4)¢ | € esses 
o28|20| 84/58] a | 8 | £ | g & |228 
A e) S RD cs A a 3 & is 
Nottingham ..| Rifle .. Aia\hsaten 1 |1,000 | 100} 998 2 {1,000 | 16 50 755 
2 100 ah 64 3 67 1 5 ' 65 
3 200 138 27 165 2 8 137 
4 100 89 ie 89 | 2 73 
5 100 56 7 63 1 4 57 
6 100 56 5 61 1 3 53 
% 100 aa 69 2 71 a! 5 67 
ns) 100 oe 68 5 73 af A 55 
1,800 100 | 1,588 51 | 1,589 23 81 | 1,262 
1 Staff 10 12 iL 13 2 ac 11 
Total...| .. |... {1,810 |100 |1,550| 52 |1,602/ 25 | s2 {1,278 
Orkney eel Artillery, .: ne 80} .. BON 17 56) 35 3 42 
2 80 49 8 57 1 3 42, 
3 SO sia 56 12 68 2 5 51 
A 80 50 9 59 1 ° 44: 
5 80 or) 52 2 54 3 ae 41 
6 80 7 49 5 54 2 Bc AS 
U 49 ae 15 18 33 ee are 22 
8 80 42 11 53 1 2 40 
9 80 5 41 9 50 1 32 
689 ct 393 91 484. il 18 357 
1 || Staff 7 Seles Sle ee 5 3 
Total eel vs 696 + 96 91 487 11 18 360 
Rifle .. he lirtee 1 100 AG 72 5 77 3 3 51 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery”. } 689 393 | 91 | 484| 11 | 18 | 357 
Rifle .. A ee 100 72 5 77 3 3 51 
789 | 2. 465 | 96 | 561| 14 | 21 | 408 
Staff 7 y| aed Bl Coe ae 3 3 
-Motal...|..-| +. | 796-1... | 468| 96 | B64] 14 | 21 | 412 
Oxfordshire ..| Rifle .. BGs (er 1 600} .. 130 | 102 232 | 11 10: | 151 
2 600 we 888 | 28 416 13 28 | 296 
se Total wel we = 1,200 is 518 | 130 648 | 24 88 | 447 


1876. 46 

Dy, ! Who h: b- |o> a Bos 
£4 na 8. : , | tainea Certit. |S ds 
20 | w& a ba 2 is cates of 23 tom 
SB le SB.) 0 =| ee Proficiency. | 3 g Be 
Be | 5 ae] 88 : 5 5 BEES 
County. Ayn. 0 Se) Fhe | Be BN 1s q a Su ie 
$8 lee | gales] eS |e) §) | aeege 
oe Poa > ge es ra 2 | 4 sss 

i ls BRO Ie apoe ete 8 = 8 2% |°32a 

6+ 5 cS 3 3 R= o fo} ra ee oaad 

7 Se a n co) A x S a |A 
 Peebl: Rifle ., dk goody tH ageoile la |. 108 haem 7 | 104 
peeks ‘ 3 | 100] 60 .|'106| 4 | 210} 2 6 87 
| 5 

= Potal": 300 60 215 8 223 4 13 191 

SOS YIN ERTS ress stk wee Urea Ey ae Ber ES IR Be aM Re IE 

Pembroke ., | Artillery de 2 160 61 33 94: 1 6 77 
Rife: 1 | 100 F007) 21 101 | 2 5 96 

Big. f00c ie vale ec) WoT 2 5 66 

20077 °°: LA S176 ae On ee 

| 1 | Staff 6 ee my 2 137) Meee 11 

Total “sai 4. es. 5. 206 182 7 189 5 10 173. 

| i 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 

Artillery we 160 be 61 33 94 1 6 "7 

Rifle .. :: 200% |".. VOL) 76 ae Ce Orne 

360 | .. 232.) 38 | 270| 5 | 16 | 239 

Staff Bi. ts) hg AS: erat eee li 

Potal. oe}--ss Mate 365 243 40 283 6 16 250 
ee ee 

Perthshire ..| Rifle .. Ae 1 aA sOule sc 115] 11 | 1296| 3 8 | 114 
Sitch SEO Mlie 63.| 5 68| 3 4 52 

A fk OO Hy «6 62:|- 8 fo | 2 4 60 

ili ea G0 oi 97.) 2 99| 3 5 89 

Bo TOON 7B 7a We're 5 70 

rh 106m", 70i|-. 03 73/2 4 61 

By LOS 73) 1 ds BONS 5 73 

9 | 100) . SA sine So i 5 70 

11 +1 2000S. rE eae 73 |, 3 6 72 

73°44 100) 2 51) 9 60| 1 4 48 

i4 | 100 70) 4 W4.\ 2 5 61 

15-|°100] .. 66| 2 68) 2 5 65 

1B 2OOM}+ sere 841 10 941 4 6 86 

19 | 100] .. 47| 6 BB fy ot 2 46 

20 | ek OON| oe TOPS, cx 70| 2 5 64 

1,600|’.. |1,097| 65 |1,162| 82 | 73 |1,032 

1 | Staff] 10-14. 10; ee re A phat}. Ge 10 

2 ig LOr ies. TA NS 1s: ta 13 10 

Potal Vode be & 1,620 ote 1,118 | 68 {1,186 38 73 {1,052 


— 


= 
~I 


1876. 
ig ‘ Who have ob- |b 48.5 
g 29 af ro . . a tained Certifi- 5 oe 
a 8 6 oh at 2 3 cates of gs br 
B= i Bi. We Bees =| =| Proficiency. jSa-448 
| eS + eelesh «te |g B86 
E et ae : = 6 AS 2 tI ft} a 
County. Arm, a2 | 4 4 are eee of = é ; a ts 
Bho 46 | -aa Etec aa a ge a gz 2 jones 
Sei s0 (Sai ee;ea,s | 2] 2) 8 Pee 
ma EO = a* | @ a a 8 & i2 
Radnor ..| Rifle .. a 100 | .. 52 9 61 2 4A 
2 100! .. 33 | 28 61 2 27 
Total ee as 200 K 85} 37 | 122 4. 71 
Renfrewshire ,.| Artillery af 1 320 VEN iy ae yf 248 5 12 186 
1 Staff 10 Bis A 1 A 
Total ..| .. | .. | 380 235 | 17 | 252| 6 | 12 | 190 
Rifle .. As) 1 400} 50 419 1 420 | 13 20 353 
3 100 | 30 82 5 87 3 5 60 
A 100}... 91 A 95 2 5 60 
5 100)... 95 1 96 3 5 75 
6 100 | 30 94 A 98 3 A @ 
7 100 | 20 TON eke 75 3 5 63 
8 100") .. Gad 66} 3 2 58 
9 100 | 30 USO ps 130 2 6 thd 
10 200 | .. 167 3 170 5 10 138 
14 100 30 81 2 83 2 6 65 
15 100; .. 85 2 87 3 5 60 
16 100)). “.. 83 1 84 1 5 78 
17 TOOnE Oo. a 66 GB He 63 
19 ROO: 76 2 78 1 5 7 
20 | 100} 30 BN (hats 95 3 5 6a 
21 100 | 30 TO7)) 2, 107 3 6 85 
22 BOOM ue. 83 1 84: 1 6 62 
23 100 oe 70 5 75 1 5 59 
DAs 100} 30 84 2 86 3 6 66 
25 LOD jas 79 it 80 2 5 70 
2,400 | 280 | 2,062 | 100 |2,162 | 57 | 116 | 1,705 
1 | Staff 10 Oils ale 9 2 - 
2 5: LO’ Lads) Tas 8 
3 is 10 nC heen 13 3 12 
Motaly <8} “s. 2,430 | 280 | 2,095 | 101 |2,196| 66 | 116 |1,734 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery ..| . r 320] .. 231 17 | 248 5 12 186 
Rifle .. Te ares +. |2,400 | 280 12,062 | 100 |2,162 | 57 | 116 |1,705 
. 2,720 | 280 {2,293 | 117 |2,410] 62 | 128 {1,891 
Staff 40 - 3 1 38 | 10 z 33 
Total . ds 2,760. | 280 |2,380 | 118 )2,448 | 72 | 128 |1,924 


L eaumeimeiieiniametnineiam=aneieeeee 


1876. 48 
SS SS SSS SS? 
to) ‘ Who h: be ls The a 
5 aq = ‘a 3 4 nn taiited Conti BS et 
4o q nD te: £'S to 
S| S a See rs =I Proficiency. 7 EES 
EERE Spaet goed # BaE° 
County. Arm. | 33/4, q i) os 2 4 q as a) 
Jo | EE ai este] 8 | 8 | 2 | @ page 
SEV aS Ete peck ear S | a 8 3 [ses 
Po A Bo et es IS 6 | 6 gid Sees 
Zi les Dn a (ve a = S a 

Ross... «| Artillery.) ve 1 80; 807} 109) “1° | 110173 5 | 90 

2 80} .. 60| 8 63 f° Qe 46 

Total |. ale Her fo LOOns 80 lo T6O. an yen is 5 | 186 

1G Cpe sais) L100 1% 96| 3 99} 2 eS) 6s 

2 P00" s a a 86) 2 5 | 68 

8 |. 100 4 O21, se 92] 8 6 | 76 

4 | 100 Toe | 3 5 | 56 

5 | 100 62] 7 om hae 4 | 7 

6 1 100! 4 82 s2| 8 5 | 68 

en Vo (53 75 5 | (3 4 | 64 

8 | 100 71 71 |. 3 5 | 55 

9 | 100 63 | 4 67 jen 3 | 56 

900 | .. 725| 15 | 740| 20 | 44 | 576 

1d Stef | 108 °.4 a4) 4h 14 | ALT oe 11 

Total ..| <s , g10} . 739] 15 | 754] 24 | 44 | 587 

COUNTY SUMMARY. 

Artillery # 160} 30 | 169} 4 | 173] 8 5 | 186 

Rifle .. & 900] .. 725| 15 | 740| 20 | 44 | 576 

1,060} 30 | 894] 19 | 918] 295 | 49 | 712 

Staff | 10) 1) -.. 14 be ok 14 lie Abas 11 

Total 1,070} 380 | 908] 19 | 927] 29 | 49 | 793 


Roxburgh ..| Mounted Rifle] .. 1 BO as 50 8 58 3 4 
Rifle .. at, leweate 1 100 30 74 2 76 3 5 72, 
2 100 | 19 94 1 95 3 6 82 
3 100 Me 74 ab 75 3 6 68 
4, 200 > 152 2 154 2 8 137 
500 | 49 394 6 400 11 25 359 
ii Staff TNO 11 BS il 4 ana 1 
Se |e 
Potal 045.4: es G 507 | 49 405 6 All 15 25 370 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Mounted Rifle | .. fi CONES, 50 8 58 3 4 50 
Rifle .. = Oi ee 500 | 49 394 6 400 | 11 25 | 359 
560 | 49 444. 14 458 14 29 409 
Staff | bE TL 3/ es anh 4 ce 11 
Total .. | 567 | 49 | 435 18 | 29 | 420 


14 | 469 


49 1876. 


Who have ob- 


Bos . b4 Bis 
HY rQ n F - |e ow 
geile le |g a | | “atsot lee a? 
‘ § f A. A Ss fas Proficiency. |$ Ba Ps 
ga] 2° ea aS oS ° e855 
qe lima oa} 8 se) 88 a 3 q Eqs 
qMi) 2) Sa, awl a EI es 3 \osee 
GH Oo SH A q | a ic a NE) Sas 
Ger) Geel dee oie t's a 5 a |sass 
Syste wea oR B | eS] gl & \seee 
Pea 'o) = "ea Wah A a iS & |e 

asl Actions BOS... 193 Scho Id | 178 

TOs! ws (a aa 76). 3 6 | 67 

300 268| 1 | 269] 8 | 17 | 240 

‘Shropshire ..| Artillery ..| .. yaa fs 2 226| 18 | 244] 68 | 20 | 22 
a Oe (8 Be). 2) as 2 


_—_ —$——— | ff te" 


Total ..} ee 330] .. 228] 18 246 5 20 | 222 


Rifle .. oul <s 1 100} .. 65 4 69 1 
2 100.) .. 32 5 |» 37 L 
3 100) .. 86} 14 100 2 
4 100} .. 74 1 15 2 |e 
5 100)... 56 5 61 3 
6 ‘| 100] 30 Sialotne 87 2 
v4 100; )* a 88 9 Cyl en 
8 100 38 9 AT 1 

10 100\;... 86 2 88 2 
11 100 . 59 2 61 2 
12 100 44 7 51 2 
13 100 5 52 7 59 2 
14 76 a 
15 87 2 
17 99 I 
18 60 2 


Artillery 


Somersetshire ». 


Engineer _ 


? | 
1876. 50 | 
a ‘0 have ob- ‘ 
£ “ 2 ; ss te Cert za 36 
| 4 vs) a. a cates 0: ee) 
4 z aa Bd | a Proficiency. 32 fe 
Hounty. Arm. SP ee. ae eS = eS = : 228° . 
e4|/paleelesl {ea} | , | # Begs 
Se) eh aay eating g Myles 5 & 5.83. 
Sei se )ea|Seia 1's |S | 2 | eee 
Ba eS a | a a=) a = rs & weee 
Somsrsetshire—| Rifle .. rei he des 1 100 88 1 89 3 6 80 
cont. F 2 100 94) . 94 Z 6 88 
$i) R00 1-7. Te 4} 9688 bg 3 85 
4 | 100] .. 878 27 be 1 47 
or eee ih. « 159°] 5: Page | ee 9 | 150 
(a oe tte anor AD) AL Odea 2 45 
G1) 100 | se. rE "5 | 8 5 70 
Bch LOO V5 ee ez t's 3 58 
9 1 ROO. 2. 8 ¢ 760 1) 18 t ge 5 62 
10 | 100] .. 5).] 10) 60} a 4 42, 
120" VO be) Ae Pe 2) 74} 2 5 | 67 
TB) Y B00 foo s3,. F841) 40 8 ed | ae 7 86 
14° ee 1S 5 62]... 62}. 2 4 60 
15: elon fs4. 68 15) 14 |. a7 1 ae 1 55 
16° } 400.1 %5.; 86.11). SBl aid 6 88 
LT UAE ss op 89} .. 89} 2 6 82 
TS BOT Fg 100} .. 109} 2 5 85 
19° | HOO]... 66 3.1 2169. (eB 4 50 
‘ 20°) Mae ts ea ee ey ie Re 5 79 
21-4 OA hess 40} 19]. 69} 2 2 43 
29 WABI. 4 54, 4h 6S Nea 1 50 
es Wy | od 49| 13) 624 4 4 41 
Oa tea) tm ee 42.) B94" “1G, iv See aaa 38 
26 Ty en 136 7} 148 | 2) Oy mao 
oy hea le oe 50) as | 4s | aL 1 40 
va Oe a 36188 ay evr Ae 
2,859 | ... |1,844] 235 |2,079 | 44 | 105 |1,9711 
1 | Staff Reet tise ) Re 10:} Ae ee 9 
2 5; Ba oh ie ae 14] do:| Stee 
3 + 1th... | 14. 16 ee : 14 
POMBE coat} is .. | 23886 | 1,882 236 |2,118 | 49 | 105 | 1,747 
| 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery ..| .. bi ry eh 66 2) 68} <3 5 63 
Engineer ...| .. Se 200 | 60 178 22 | 200 4 10 154 | 
Bitoye, le Alea «+ [2,859] .. [1,844] 285 |2,079| 44 | 105 |L711 J 
3,139 | 60 |2,088] 259 /2,347 | 50 | 120 |1,928 | 
Staff) legs. 38 1 |. oad ker 36 
a) ee «. [8,166 | 60 /2,126 | 260 | 2,386 | 55 | 120 |1,9 . 
/ 
Staffordshive ..| Artillery ..| .. Lo] 24075. "| 287°" 6 | eae) 4 | 5 1) gaa 
; tities tortie ETT Mee 100 2] 109) 8 6 96 
2 | 100 97 3| 100| 3 6 91 @ 
sa BS a 82 c) 89u a eeaee 68 
4 | 200] 3. 184, 1} 185 | 6 |..42) |e 
5 | 400] . 357 3| 360) 8 | 18 | 272 — 
PBB A OE SMe de Ue OE Me 
Cariied forward - VEL OVE 2. 820°) 16° | 836} 22 | 47 671 


»| 


or 
peer 


County. 


No. of Administra 


tive Regiment. 


County No. of 
Corps 


Maximum Estab- 


lishment. 


Supernwneraries 
authorized. 


Brought forward 


ee 


«-| 1,018 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
200 
100 
100 
159 
100 
100 
159 
100 
200 
200 
100 
100 
100 
100 
200 
. 100 
100 
159 
100 
100 


4,642 | 130 


COUNTY SUMMARY. 


240 


4,595 | 130 


4,835 | 180 
ABA O. 


1876 
Who have ob- |$4£8 . 
$ P tained Certifi- |B“ 2e 
£ S cates of 2S w2 
5 a Proficiency. 3 z= s 
2 = EI i ate B<se 
2 q Ss $ | §& |eeseg 
aie le | si §-lsees 
820 16 836 22 °| 47 671 
83 3 86 1 5 ith 
68 ae 68 3 6 62 
"2 aN 72 2 5 69 
95 3 98 1 6 G 
101° ae 101 3 & 100 
112 2 114 I 5 76 
HAO h ce [pe d20s\ oe 5 69 
73 2 75 £ 6 67 
75 ae 75 3 5 57 
96 1 97 3 6 94 
154 VE 165 2 10 155 
69 8 77 2 5 70 
100 . 100 | - 8 6 86 
111 3) Ws 3 6 111 
60 5s 60 2 4 53 
72 Cs a a Me | 5 60 
116 3 119 2 8 76 
69 3 72 8 5 59 
129 Gy 93s | Bf oe.) wee 
Mey ose a7} |S 1 Las 
74, 6 80 2 5 68 
99} ..-- 99} 1 5 60. 
97 1 98 8 6 78 
80 2 82 3 5 | 80 
115 3| 118 Bie!) Lae 
2M gee rie te! 5 | 49 
75 ah 15 8 5 559 
9§ 3 101 2 6 87 
76 a1 77 | 2 5 58 
89 A 93 1 6 | 88 
3,574 92 |3,666 | 91 | 223 | 3,046 
alg 5 a7 | a 17 
10 i LO 2 pee Ce 
11 a Oh bir, 
3 ; 1S 4 13 
9 9 2 7 
3,634 | | 93 |3,727 | 108 | 223 | 3,104 
237 4 15 238 
3,574 91 | 223 | 3,046 
3,811 238 | 3,284 
60 58 
3,871 238 | 3,342 


County. 


Stirlingshire .,| Artillery 


Suffolk. . 


BD ; is Who have ob- {4 
£ 4 [3 |g | aiatechat: |B gs 
= en a) az a Bi 3 cates of | B'S ae 
“dg S ic] Ess! FI ra Proficiency. |$ s 3 
am |2@elS |se/88) e138 | 2 528 
‘4 <q 5 D B's a= R= gy a a=] a 
ea | 3, 5 AS 3 je3} ; 2 S38 ee 
Sol BEI HE1 ES) 21a | 3 | €'| # feeee 
Sh (284 eSB) ed § | Se Bee 
Ai i a” | |e A s 5 ET oc cie 
Ma Ana SOD) ee MN OR il a eek cick A es SE No I MR aS 
wall oo 1. 80] .. 68 68 2 A 57 
2 80 | 50 G0 |e 80} 2 5 74, 
Motel lols. +s | 160 | 50 148] .. 148 “y 131 
Bille <0] + ae ws Ve 200g a 3 Sw as $171) 43 5 72 
2 | 100} 30 $0]. Soll ea 4 74 
8]. 100i, 30-4 a4: |. 104| 3 5 | 100 
A} 10Os|>. 3 Ov tea 79| 38 4 65 
BY 1 10081) 46} .. 46| 1 4 ‘4, 
6 100 c WORN See 70 1 2 48 
7 100 82 H 82 3 4 69 
9 LOOM a5 76 2 78 3 5 70 
11 } 100 86 14) ST eg 5 80 
1242 WO -n4 Vie PEt 5 | .68 
1334). TOO jc 84 4) - 881-3 5 66 
14 | 100] .. 100} .. 100} 2 5 82 
1,200 | 60 965 7 | 972) 30 53 838 
1 | Stat | Te] .. Tei)? seis 16 | 36440 Ge 18 
Potalit  te .. [1,212] 60 | 981 7| 988] 86 | 53 | 8bL 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery ..] .. ais 160 | 50 | 148 148| 4 9 °| 181 
Rifle .. és 55 .. |1,200} 60 965 7 |) 972) 30 53 838 
1,360 | 110 1,113 7\1,120| 34 | 62 | 969 
Staff 12 16 se 16 6 ; 13 
Total . as ce PS 72i1) EROS ASE29 711,186 | 40 62 982 
PSSA Eee Pee Soe 8) A ee See 
Avtitigey 9c} 4000) [20] 180 deeb tea) aay 7a") od ie 
3 49} .. 21 8| 29) ° 2 3 28:4 
4 80} 50 72, 4 BBeh P< 5 (Ll 
Total ..| s. ts 209| 50 | 165] 14] 179] 38 | 18 | 166 
Rifle .. eral ee 1 800] .. 299 |... 299 5 16 250 
2 100] .. aL 3 74 1 6 66 
3 100} .. 79 9 88 3 5 73 
4 200] .. 78 2 80 3 5 60: 
6 100 | 60 65 11 76 £ 4 64 
7 100] .. 87 2 89 4 7 56 
¢ a 
Carried forward .. --| 900] 60 679 271 706 17} 43 569 


3 
——— 


or 
~ 


ou 
es) 


1876. 
2. F; a oe LF, oe 
£ + 3 a) = ae Certify aa se 
ao ls re q.. 2 ey cates of gegen 
Rein=| Be .] es | Proficiency. | B44 
Be | 6 Ho] es Mas Ose 2 BEES 
County. Arm, cele. | 88) ee) 2 = a cee 
<a 2, ao 3 & S| g \o28s 
ao. ( PE aa} ea) 8 3 ey - 2 bag 
OP | 88 |-ht | oe 8 4 3 5 § |SHox 
oF eo Sa jee se | 8 | Ss | gil 2 1.8e6 
A iS) a R 3 a i= S) a 
| | 
Bght. forward .. «| 900} 60 679 | 27 706 | 17 43 569 
Suffolk—cont. | Rifle .. oo] s6 8 100] .. 82 2 84 3 6 70 
4 9 100°) .. 69] .. 69 2 6 63 
10 200] .. 1071) 18 125 3 8 102 
aly 100 62 8 70 3 4: 59 
13 ZOO ved 105 20 125 4 6 96 
14 100 82 82 2 5 67 
16 LOOT. 33 46 | 16 62 3 5 Aq 
17 200" se 109 | 138 122 2 10 98 
20 100 48 | 15 63 3 A 40 
2,100 |} 60 !1,889! 119 11,508! 42 97 |1,212 
1 | Staff 10 a3 11 aF 11 4 se 10 
Oe ae 10°) * 2 he ae (ee 8 
Bel 4 ie ae fa aa WO} Sl ess 9 
Total ..| .. | «. |2,124| 60 |1,420| 120 |1,540! 51 | 97 |1,238 


COUNTY SUMMARY. 


Artillery 209 | 50 165 
Rifle .. 2,100 | 60 |1,389 


2,309 | 110 | 1,554 


page| eke 31 


Total 2,333 | 110 | 1,585 


- Surrey.. a (eArtillory. + |. se.) <- ul 529 | 111) 640] 11 15 385 
Rifle .. “ac Hie 1 306 53 359 18 29 246 
=|} ———~ 2 407 69 476 13 27 375 
4 163 2 165 A, 8 152 
5 100 2 102 3 5 90 
6 67 4 71 dj 4 65 
7 378 | 107 485 3 24 236 
8 46 i 57 1 ah 47 
9 169 27 196 5 10 174 
f 10 197 19 216 5 2S ee yf 
i fa E 115 9 124 1 8 96 
12 260 2 262 9 21 222 
13 72, A 76 1 3 64 
14 ae bo ae 6 Ae 
15 68 i 95 2 4, 68 
17 bE as 55 1 3 43 
18 52 4 56 Ac 2 36 
19 519 32 551 ua! 34 470 


Carried forward .. «+ {4,418 | 120 |2,974 | 852 |3,826 | 78 | 196 |2,541 


ae ' pps ~ Who have ob- | 4 8.5 
Be - 3 | aimee enti | zs os 
23 \% 4 a, a ie cates of Egen 
a g 3 fs. ay 8 a Proficiency. BEER 
&p =| N is 
ay, FI a 5 es ia 3 | 5 Te a 
County. Arm. ae ee 2 2| 28 z = 4 hae Pi 
5 Cake = 3 mired aS om BR = e a ine 53 
{ oe =) Koa 5 S a S 2 3S on oy 
SF Be get Rie bee 211 8 2 | & letee 
wB od a RD geo GB ely) o Bo Ie 
| | 
Brought. forward .. | 4,418 | 120 | 2,974 | 852 |3,326| 78 2,541 
Sunmey—bong. | Rifle is; we | +. | 28; | 600 pis. | 2d 68:) 361 1 247 
M ‘ 24-+100] .. 9) aT 10st 83 
25 | 100 56 Sli, BO 38. 
26. | 400] . 305 | 90] 395| 38 310 
5,618 | 120 |3,724 | 521 |4,245 | 93 3,219 
1 | Stat Sess $)| %. er 1 9 
Fi oct een hy re ie 7 
Sikes, an BY ae mil 2 6 
ee 10:7 2 A ih oe 4 
Total ..| .. . [8,650] 120 |3,752 | 521 |4,273 | 97 3,245 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Artillery .. Sr 640 | :. 529| 111] 640! 11 | 15 | 3885 
Rifle eee .. -|3;618 | 120 13,724 |° 521 |4,245 | 93 | 250 13,219 
6,258 | 120 14,253 | 632 14,885 | 104 | 265 | 3,604 
| Staff |. 32. “2B ais. aes Siig. oe, 26 
ieee, oes Gee .. (6290 | 120 |4,281 | @32|4,913 | 108 | 265 |3,630 
| Antillery 4.) .. 1 466'| 36) 5021 8 | 84 | 434 
mere: 2 751) 34) Bo ee ee 64 
3 93| 16| 109) 23] 4 "5 
4 Cae WIN 4 62. 
m1 | 66| 777| 13 | 49 | 636 
1 | Staff i Woe re | #4 3 
pees ad 
ts ee ae ae 715 | 66| 781| 13 |} 49 | 638 
‘Beto boa .. 1 427 | 17| 444|/ 16 | 30 408 
2 51 15| 100| 1 5 7 
4 101 Ld” FORA EUS 6 88 
5 80} so | 3 6 77 
6 46°). 98 4 6D eae 48 
7 6orl 7. 60| 3 4 59 
9 £0 4) pees 3 66 
10 47| 15 | 62) 2 5 Ad 
ant | 60 s| 68| 2 |. 4 60 
Carried forward .. +0 5005)" 30 967 49 11,046 | 35 67 924 


a 


I 
q 


1876. 


ge : a { Who have ob- 1445 
3 = 3 ae M ceiver orna! ie os 
Sal: baal es Br) S|) wettescy. [gaat 
| Be |s eo] o§ Si) ie co |S aes 
| County. Arm. 3 S A q g Eis z = A : Bx0 
| selHe|2|8e/ 2) 48 | 8 £ Ease 
sa) 20/83/88) £ e = & [se33 
= Ad So Ss 5 & o O° : g a8 
——— si ms i es! a a a, D Zi pate 2 
| 
Brought forward -. {1,500 | 30 967 | 79 924 
Sussex—cont ..| Rifle .. arate 12 TOONS: ei. 50| 16 49 
. 18° 100 qv os 43| 17 39 
| 18° | 1001... 27 | 21 29 
1,800 | 30 |1,087 | 138 1,041 
Toy Stak) 12) Te ig7|-« 3 16 
Total .. |.» 1,812 | 30 |1,103 | 136 1,057 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Astillerg. iced wots) Miran 989 | .. 1} 66 | 7477 49 | 685 
Rifle .. Des .. [1,800] 30 |1,087 | 133 |1,220 73 |1,041 
124789 | 30 |1,798 | 199 |1,997 122 | 1,676 
Staff | 22] .. 2+ 3 23 i 19 
Total |. |... .. |2,811 | 30 |1,818 | 202 | 2,020 | 122 |1,695 
Sutherland +! Artillery ..) .. i ea B8 | 3 
2 BO dc, 50 
Total .. Fe 160 | .. 108 |. 3 
Rifle .. eae Te SOM NA. 8% |. 82 5 64 
2) ) 308d". : 16.110) | 223 4 82 
SPA LOO tae; 100 |) <4. 100 5 90° 
Ay 106 Mer 98 | 2 | 100 4 | +83 
Tse A 0G see. 58 | 22 80 3 51 
500} .. > | 44d |. 84 475 21 370 
Ti Via | 0 1", 184. 14 B 13 
ee | oh Bim ft. 1 458,| 84 489 21 | 383 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
| Artillery 5.|° .. ae 169%", Low 3p |) LE 3 $2 
tgowe®  p.it 2. 500 }'''.. 44a | 34 | 475 21 | 370 
660 549 | 37 | 586 24 452 
Staff |. 10]... 14] .. 14 ; 13 
otat...| :. 670 563 |. 37 | 600 24 | 465 


/ 


a A 


fs 


1876. 56 
a ' a Who have ob- | a8 
B 4 re 2 a tained ce AT 2S 
a + < nm ti PS EpO 
a= =| S gq g as) := = Paodeoned: 3 ae 
=] fo} : N so q 2 
County. Arm : a | A A 2 ‘& 2 5 d | ase 
4 ]52¢)83 bas 4 & cs 3 2 Sees 
Sole tas aot ies tie | ¢ | 2 Temes 
ee lee tee Lae} eB g £ 3 & (Se38e 
5 ed 5 eS | 
ik ke ee ee 
Tower Hamlets| Engineer ..| .. 2 | 600 380| 18 | 398| 7 | 32 | 819 
Rifle.c' 8° es hs 1_|1.200-/—..-1 637| 82 | 719| 18 | 55 | 618 
- BPs 400 Ws, 248 | 9 | 2571 7 | 17 | 252 
7 | 400] .. 298| 2 | 300/ 4 | 20 | 248 
100 800,14, 244| 8 | 252] 3 | 16 | 216 
2,300 | .. 11,427 | 101. |1,528 | 27 | 108 11,834 
1 | Staff] 10] .. i ey eis 6 
Total ..| ¢ 1. 12,810 1,433 | 101 |1,534| 29 | 108 |1,340 
COUNTY SUMMARY. 
Engineer ..| .. a 600 | . 380| 18 | 398! 7 | 32 | 319 
Billo... Sah es ene 2,300 |... |1,427] 101 |1,528] 27 | 108 | 1,334 
2,900 | .. |1,807| 119 |1,926| 34 | 140 |1,653 
Staff} 10] .. rag RRS Git cao 6 
Total 2 .. [2,910] .. [1,813] 119 |1,932] 36 | 140 |1,659 
«cht Rite <ard sales: 1 1 1,200u)i3% 960 | 27 | 987) 24 | 61 | 732 
ba ates Se 2 | "400: .../|° 360! ... | 860.006 | aouiemmae 
3 | 200] .. 122") i 132] 3 9 | 128 
4) 1004 ea.) 4 a3] 2 5 81 
5 eo.a 4 64 64) "2 5 70 
8 | 100). 65| 2 67] 1 5 45 
9 | 100] 10 | 101 10LE h 6 | 104 
10 | 200) 7%. 142| .. 142) 4 9 | 128 
2,400 | 10 |1,907| 29 |1,936| 42 | 119 |1,642 
1 | Star} 10] .. 18:'|’ be 13.4 ‘ 15°: 
Total ..| .. .. |2,410| 10 |1,920] 29 |1,949] 43 | 119 |1,655 
Ieee 
Rifle .. sates 1 100 | .. ei PB "7 3 4 60 
Westmoreland 3 | 300] .. | 210] 3 | 218]: 7 | 16 | dee 
a") ROO: 72.| 2 74| 3 5 64 
Bo} NOONE S 63] 3 66| 2 5 46 
6) 1 2004)\. 4: 6h) 4 62 } oes 4 52 
700 | .. 481 | 11 | 492] 15 | 38 | alo 
il Staff vf ; Tl) bx if 1 as 9 
Total ..| «- x 707 488 | 11 | 499]-16 | 33 | 419 


a | 57 1876. 


ao ' Who have ob- | 48,- 
£ 4 3 8 ; : tainted Certifi- BA es 
a_q|3 a 3 ne) 3 cates of 2g wn 

\ ‘3 BS 2 Ey Arg | 4 Proficiency. |8 5-845 

Bp | 6 45 od - oS © EEE 

County. Arm. ea je,|se| 88 ee ee alee a 
| seliele|Es/2|8| 3) ¢| 2 Ess 

se ise reareg>a |. 8 | 8] @ | & (8388 
a iS) a RD e A a is) Dn |4 

Wigtown ..| Artillery ..| .. 1 80} 10 53 4 57 4 51 
| Coy aes bs 0 0 WR (ea Ma a a a ag 
3 80 ir 42, 16 58 3 A 50 
Tofadd .<. | ss te 240 10 151 26 177 3 12 153 

i PE RS SE RP a [aes 
i Rideveche ta| 25s 2 | 100 76 6 | 82 1 3 65 
3 100 82 3 85 2 5 67 


Totals ecafrre a 200] .. 158 9 | 167 3 8 132 


177 3 12 153 \ 
167 3 8 132 


Be SR ee eS a eee SSS ee 


344 6 20 285 


S Wihidird!) GepRies: |...) 2 1 | 200) , 62] 16 | 1681 5 | 9.) 447 

2} 200) ...) 164| (5 | 169| 4 | 8 | 499 

3 | 100 Be FS, el. 2 hs 6 ned 

4 | 1591]. Bl FE Ghyea | 7 | SF 

5 | 100. +. O2'|y. 98) ody |B ||) Vem 

Wil 00s)". 6 | 4 | 69) +. 5 | 65 

19.4 1004s. Boy FS hel” 2} 4 ee 

lo | 159 Sry Ge = Mi 

i), 200 | 161] (8 | 154| 4 | 10.) 149 

12 1 1.00 | >. Ey eon A a I 

eo) | 200 | ~.. Sou ehG a edt S288 eg 

14 | 100] .. a Selene Sun) ee 

15 | 100 7 NV 8 A is ee ae 

a6) 100 |. Go hele Cs Bay Sees 

"yg ke 624-10 72 2 ) Bo hge 

18 4'.100) .. 56 h.9 fl CRUREL Clee 

2,018 | .. |1,835| 97 |1,482| 38 | 90 |1,251 

1 | Star] 10 OS Ge ie CRIS gh ae 11 

SalhGes wz}. re ee 0 eee one 16 
2 


1876. 


Or 
ie) 


38 ! vi Sl aaa 
Ee ae: |g | tained cerca: (BS Be 
met ea it A 3 B 3 cates of = | 2B or B 
4a : e. eens a | Proficiency. |3 2.845 

dé | ,S oo 206 : a4 2° 2 cy. BEES 

County. Arm. solias 5.3 aS a S EI 7 |Bs8S 
Ss ae We Sm ce = ea S & is 4 \oB 8s 
Sel#fR/SE\82) 8148 | 4) 2] € Beas 
32 | 80.) 4-88 | ae a4) 08 & | & /eeee 

| | ee ee ee | ee 

Worcester | Artillery 1 8 17 318 
Rifle .. 1 ms 2 6. 54 

2. 2 3 5 59 

2 ue a 6 60 

4, ee 3 6 55 

5 a5 a 5 AS 

6 2 4 63 

7 3 5 79 
8 31 Bl tage 

9 5 2 9 100 

ais 3 4 70 

8 3 3 48 

5 2 4 54 

1 2 5 93 

one 2 6 100 

aie 2 A 53 

3 5 92 

3 2 | 61 

AS 2 28 

Beds 2 2G 66 

2 6 95 

46 | 98 |1,385 

2 16 

2 14 

Total .. 50. | 98° 11,365 

COUNTY SUMMARY. 

| Artillery 8 17 318 

} Rifle ,. 46 98 11,835 

54 | 115. |1,658 

A a 30 

Total 58 | 115. |1,688 

Foric. Has’ * 

x ot + Ace 4 Artillery 2 A 45 
S 9 | 37 | 576 
2 5 43 

2 5 AZ 

By 51 706 

8 


eR Cee 


County. 


York, Hast 


Riding—cont. 


York, North 
Riding 


Sx 
ice) 


1876. 


if ; - Who haye ob- [$44 
es 2 g ' _ | tained Geri |B 8S 
SA ns + a R WS cates of 23 ut 
& A 8 eS 2 Aig & aI Proficiency. | ee 3 
Oe ieee Pee tes | ep ye 5 [Seo 
4%) paleag|e5] 8 & a ; g \Sane 
ee 8 ae jae be A |) g a |e S2e 
Se | BS 4 a eae) 5 4 s 3 a |x 85 
ee | eee a ee 82) S| gs |e lage 
IF, oo, = a ea ia ae 6 3 g ERS) 
Biles 1 | 600 514 7| 521] 20 | 33 | 490 
3 | 100 Boul: ORB) Bae) 12 3 37 

5 | 100 90 2| 921 -3 5 83 

6 | 100, 78 7| 85.) 2 5 75 

8 | 100. 61 or) 6a 2 59 

9 | 100 51 7! 58) 3 2 56 

10 | 100] % ar gO aut aaemreka | aieas u 
11 | 100) 43 ee emeit e 2 46 

Le )ig00}.. | 875 | 50] 9254 383 | 52-| 846 

1 | Staff gine, 12 ig ead: ©: ae a (aaa rh 

WolGl , se lhe | 1 BOF | 887| 51 | 988| 38 | 52 | 957 

COUNTY SUMMARY. 

Artillery : $80 ii. | 801 Bi} 806-| 23) 51 |. 706 
hs ae 13004. 1.875 | 50| 925) 33. | 52 | 846 
2180 iu. \a676| (55 11,731 | 58 | 103 | 1,552 

Stat \ 17 |. 19 Be oR Bs. 19 

otal fn. | 2,197 | .. 115695 | 59 |1,754| 63 | 103 | 1,571 

7 . have il 

) Artillery ae] 1, | 640 268 | 34! 302) 12 | 22 | 271 
H |) 160 din 821.19 | lon) # | 8 77 

S| aGoubi\d go| 16) 105. : 8 94 

Total Cee igen We.) 430.1. 68.) bee 1p. 1 98. | 44g 
Eilon thas 1. | 160 70 Do et 3 4 70 
3 | 200 118 | 12} 130) '3 1 eae 

4 | 100 Seo we eGo p se 5 70 

+e 6 |. 200 We |’ 15.) 1871) 4 | 10 A dst 

8 | 100 52 Bilic BO Wnt 3 39 

9 | 100 Bae. Mile 61) .. 1 49 

10 | 100; 62 eae” Caen ae 62 

14 | 100 Wr tends lrg po og 1 S266 

15 | 300 142 Bl) 4g) ee ie a ae 

16 | 100 doit Ee les (ee RR): 50 

18 | 100] .' al 2a) eet 41 1 AL 

19 | 100} 30 Giitioces 91| 2 4 67 

20 | 100] .. 64 Be waGO hi tige 1 4l 

1,700} 30 |1,001} 91 |1,092| 22 | 35 | 908 

¥ {Staff | 12]. 13 TUR mS ha) es 13 

2 aN 7 Vols 7 I vi 

Total bn). | 2. 11.718 | 80 | 1,028) -98/12,113 | 25 | a5 | 998 


1876. 60 3 
se ma Se a es eee eee 
D 1 Who haye ob- 1348.5 
Es 3 3 : , | tained Certif- (B= SS 
@ 8: 3 3 Es me a cates of = 12'Z wa 
3 g S [<3] x ac g B Proficiency. 3 os 
“Sp ee . “3 EEC 
County. Arm. o|4 a 8 ERS 2 =I EI =e yee 
sm | be a jas | a ia : # |Seae 
selge|d#a/s2/ 2/81/35] 2] ¢ Gs 
eet LS oe ee Re Ey = C) 2 iSaes 
= i) ke) =a =| 
im (O)( | [be la [oe [a |e | Boles 


COUNTY SUMMARY. 


York, North | Artillery ..| .. | .. | 960] .. | 439] 69] 508 


38 442 

Riding—cont.| Rifle .. ae ll hxete .» |1;700 | 380 {1,001 91 | 1,092 35 908 
2,660 | 30 |1,440| 160 |1,600 73 | 1,350 

Staff 19 55 20 1 21 50 20 

Total ..| .. .. [2,679 | 80 |1,460 | 162 |1,621 73 | 1,870 


‘York, West Avil oxy a7 Neel) sree 1 ar 425 14] 489 | 12 33 
Riding 2 ; 279 51| 830] 8 | 29 
3 5 142 12 154 3 9 

4 we 420 31 451 12 32 

7 are ate 58 58 ae a 

8 ets 107 40 | 147] 4 10 

-» |1,3873 | 206 11,579) 39 | 118 

i! Staff 5 2 7 1 << 


Total ..| «. ee e- |1,878| 208 /1,586! 40 | 113 


Engineer ..| .«. a5 ee 450 | 118] 568 8 23 
2 ave) 886 88 974 | 23 38 
Total csi). ee 1,336 | 206 |1,542] 381 61 
Rifle .. oF ' 1 a 351 39 390 nha 20 
2 es 535 17| 552 8 36 
3 a6 564 9 573 17 33 
4 ; 512] 10} 522] 10 | 28 
5 - 226 30} 256 5 14 
6 os 400 ae 400 ib! 22 
a as 962 1 963) 16 51 
12 a 73 12 85 cb 5 
15 a0 78 8 86 aL 5 
16 ee 92 3 95 oe 5 
17 ar 68 3 71 2 4 
18 ae 67 4 71 ae 5 
19 ne 91 6 97 al 5 
20 ee 98 2} 100 1 5 
21 oe 99 ate 99 2 6 
23 ana) 59 6 65 LE 3 
Carried forward «+ {5,800 ) .. 14,275 | 150 | 4,425 1 90 


ion) 
= 


1876, 
3s 1 Who have ob- 1645 
& a-\\. C= BS | . Wetbines Corday Hee 25 
Sas) wR aI a aS cates of 2a. 
t) 4 8 : eS. Berd a oI Proficiency. |S58o 
AG | 2 else : I g BaBo 
County. Arm. Se eS q @ | 3-5 B B= A Wess 
-| =< Fa ba 81468 a A : Sie 
mo | 88 4 alee! & ty ze a aq | *2e 
oF 4. S (S) 3S 5 oO" 
Seer ier bee et 8 los | ihe ieee 
%, 3 Sl ier eS Zi = & g \gtae 
| 
Brought leweded + |5,800}°.. |4,275 | 150 |4,425 | 90 | 247 |3,899 
York, West Butea oct ad 27 | 200] .. 130 | 29 | 189! 3 } '9.| “128 
Riding—cont. 28 100 | .. 57 9 66 2 A 48 
29 300 AG 188 8 196 ff 10 183 
31 100 as 50 10 60 1 2 49 
32 100 Ac 68 5 73 1 5 68 
34 400 C6 San ZU 221 ae a se 
35 300] .. 168 | 39 207 3 10 165 
36 100 30 105 6 111 1 6 90 
37 159 << 135 1 136 3 9 102 
38 100 ra 85 3 88 3 5 66. 
40 100 is 90 2 92 2 5 4G 
Al 159 55 108 we 108 2 6 102 
42, 100 |... 55 7 62 al 4 40 
43 200 oe 98 22 120 3 7 82 
A5 100 aa 92 2 94}; 1 5 68 
7,818 80 |5,704 | 514 |6,218 | 123 334 15,129 
1 Staff 10 aie 10 2 12 2 6 10 
2 3 if 8 i ) 1 8 
3 Ks 10| . 108 ne 1w2| 2 12 
APS He oe gs]. a a aaa 8 
5 #. 204 ec 9 oa ak 7 
Total .. oe ee 7,862 30 15,750 | 518 |6,268 | 130 | 3384 |5,174 


2,240| .. |1,873 | 206] 1,579| 39 | 113 | 1,254 


Artillery” 2. |)- ce ar 
Engineer ..| .- oe 1,600} .. {1,336 | 206 | 1,542} 31 61 | 1,216 
Rifle .. Velileuels on 7,818} 30 |5,704 | 514 | 6,218] 123 | 334 | 5,129 


11,658| 30 (8,413 | 926 | 9,339| 193 | 508 | 7,599 
Staff | 54] .. 51 6 Bal eee 4. 51 


Total...| .. | .. |11,712} 30 [8,464 | 932 | 9,396] 201 | 508 |7,656 


Engineer and 
Railway Volr. 
Staff Corps. 


1876. 


COUNTY SUMMARY BY ARMS. 


Who have ob- 


No. of Volunteers pre- 
sent Eu ei In- 

~ spection during year 
ended 81 Oct, 1a16. 


| 
; 
3 
§ 
} 
| 


42 
219 
1,017 
188 - 
145 
~ 
506 
706 
565 
893 
452 
48 
497 
373 


ae 3 i Bi tained Certifi- 
a aimee a y cates of - 
a 25 6 g | a = | Proficiency. 
Arm. County. zs esl 2 Re A ee 
gq a StS A a 5 ws 2 
Bote BS BS | : ae a A 
E ong Ble a Bi phe 
Light Horse | Fife : 240 122 32 154, 5 Y 
é Forfar = 60. 78 78 2 
Hertford . { 120 88 ¥ 881 5 . 10 
Huntingdon ‘ 240 ni 117 68 185 8 4 
Lincolnshire 60 Q 39 6 ots) 2 FB 
: 720 9 4A 106 550 22, 21 
Staff of Administra- 
tive Regiments not 
included in Re- ra oe 
turns of any Corps 
Total... ; @. 720 9 ALL 106 550 | 22 21 
REPL aks ERE eee hse ee PR ee 
Artillery ..| Aberdeenshire 560 50 495 | 23 518 18 35 
. Anglesey .. 80 50 G4. | 1 65 1 5 
Areyll 849 ta is i 94 631 19 40 
Ayrshire es 578 10 452 32 AS Le 33 
Banffshire. . oh 400 282 | 20 3027S. 02 8 
Berwick-on-I'weed.| 160 eed 284 4 eter rs 
Berwickshire ., 160 F 101 | 6 107 ah Sn 
Bebe. soc) el aes PO a cad fe BR & 108 | 5 6 
Caithness-shire 560 ee | 338 | 26 414 9 15 
Carnarvon. . 80 a's 36 | 14 BO il nance 4 
Cheshire 400 i 360 23 3838 9 25 
Cinque Ports 1,218 39 748; . 110 858 | 21 68 
Cornwall . 849 50 684 0) 698 18 40, 
Cromarty .. 80 wf 58 | 4 58 2 1 
Cumberland 320 5 300 | w 302 7 25 
Devonshire ae 1,440 50. 1,163 65 1,228) 32 78 
Dorsetshire , 338 2 219 28 BAT SG 2h 
Dumbarton 24.0 s { 161 | 8 169 5 12 
Durham .. 1,760 50 1,354 18 1,372 | 34 92 
Edinburgh 72) 478 48 526 | 10. 33 
Elgin 160 Be 116 6 122 pa abet 
Essex s bes 849 ia 566 45 611 |. 15} 44 
Fife ae oe 898 60 750 35 785 :|, 18 33 
Forfar ate 960 An 716 4G 762 22 61 
Glamorgan. -| 1,200 | 100 1,242 37 1,279 | 24 68 
Gloucester..° .. 640 20 540 51 59D ab 25 
Haddington oo 80 A 52 8 60 2 3 
Hants." re 880) 50 745 13 758 |. 18 49 
Inverness .. fe 480 ; 360 12 ST he ae 29 
Carried forward | 17,099 | 520 13,171 796 | 18,967 | 343 | 856 


11,063 


ee ee ae 


1876, 


\ 


be Who have ob- | S26. 
=] 2 ct is tained Certifi- AT Po 
re ae = g cates of | BS 
ea] ze 5 S 8 me Proficiency. 3 Ets 3 
Azim. County. eI 8 A 5 Bi) FI E : Base 
Bo: | ee § cs e er Se eae 
a S g 4 o |S | Sees 
mtd ae 3 z a & | § | gees 
He eRe A I ED 
Brought forward } 17,099 | 520 R07 796 13,967 | 343 | 856 11,063 
Artillery— | Kent oe Hid 1,760 | 130 1,376 86 1,462 37 108 1,160 
cont, | Kineardine Ba 320 A 186 AL 227 Sia, 12, 154 
Kirkeudbright 80 51 10 61 1 4 45 
. Lanarkshire 1,360 ne 1,253 2 1,255 | 46 69 1,047 
Lancashire 6,720 50 5,709 | 180 5,889 | 94 | 266 4,836 
LineolIn .. 529 | 356 10 366 A 27 310 
London a4 400 178 63 24.1 7 14 162 
Middlesex .. He 1,600 1,498 65 1,563 45 | 84 1,276 
Midlothian P 640 50 458 88 546°) 21')! 31 A36 
Monmouth ba 400 ; 260 78 338 SO G25 212 
Nairn - da _ 160 on 121 ATs 121. Syeny Bh) 104 
Newcastle .. 640 : 552 15 567 20. 36 482 
Norfolk 320 |... 266 6 BID oF, 11 119 237 
Northumberland .. 1,360 Ma 831 119 95 3st 57 692 
Orkney j 689° se 393 OL ABA Rye) 138 357 
Pembroke .. 160 x 61 23 94. a 6 ate 
Renfrew a.) -s- 320 ¥ 231 17 248 au Ue 186 
Ross-shire .. ae 160 30 169 A 173 Eyota tae a2) 136 
Shropshire 320 fe 226 18 244, 5 20 22() 
| Somersetshire si 80, : 66 2 68 5 63 
Staffordshire bis [ 240 5 257 5 242 4 15 238 
Stirlingshire 160 50 148 A 148° | 4 9 18th 
Suffolk A 209 50 165 14, 179 3 13 166 
Surrey ee ae 640 529 il 640 Be 4 15 385 
Sussex .. 989 711 66 777 | 13 40 635 
Sutherland 160 108 3 111 3 3 82 
Wigtown .. 240 10 151 26 177 3 12 153 
Worcester .. rr 320 is 319 os 319 8 17 318 
York, East Riding. . 830 x 801 5 806 25 Dil 706 
SNOMED ays as 960 439 69 508 19 38 442 
x West. ,,. s.|. 2,240 1,373 | 206 1,579 |-39 | 113 1,254 
r 42,155 | 890 | 32,398 | 2,229 | 34,622 | 837 |2,119} 2,765 
Staff of Administra- ; 
tive Regiments not 5 
ingpded>in Re-|¢ 204 161 8 169 | 28 | 143 
turns of any Corps. |. | 
Total. 42,459.| 890 | 32,554 | 2,287 | 34,791 | 863 |2:119 | 27,908 
een rr nsec SE SE 
Engineer .. | Cheshire .. ‘ 400 Ea 314. 5 519 4 24 oF] 
| Devon .. % 200 ne 140 27 167 3 9 130 
1 Durham ... ae 800 ee 726 60 786 9 34, 523 
Flint ne x. 100 50 115 15 130 3 5 115 
Gloucester... ‘Sy 9300. a 850 15} 865} 12 50 729 
Hampshire 100 30 130 ea 130 dss) | 8 131 
Lanark .. es 600 bis 437 6 443 14, 24 430 
| Lancashire. . «.|, 1,400 at 1,022 62 1,084 | 20 55 944. 
| London .. A 600 349 58 407 q 28 387 
: Carried forwara 5,100 80 | 4,083 248 4,331 73 237 3,657 


a 


‘ 
a 


1876, 64 
4 | Pit | Ree 
on 5 B = cates of 2S 0S 
ica] Ho EI =| Proficiency. SEs 
i oy 2 .o rs} $¢ ES 
Arm. County. q | 8 aS ae S A : : za 2- e 
Sai ne. lace a o 2 | 9. (282. @ 
qe | oe] @ | € | 2 | & | & | eee @ 
sa) 23 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 4 | F |gtes @ 
Brought forward 5,100 80 4,083 248 4,331 | 73° | 237 3,657 
Engineer— | Middlesex... 800 * 424 24 448 | 13 81 394 | 
cont. Neweastle.. 400 at 349 B61 400 4 20 285 | 
Northampton 100 hes 77 2 79 3 5 6! Gi 
Somerset .. 200 60 178 22 200 4 10 154 . 
Tower Hamlets .. 600 ai 380 18 398 7 32 319 
York, West Riding| 1,600 a5 1,336 206 1,542 | 31 61 1,216 
Engineer and Rail- 
way Staff Volr. 
Corps .. ae 110 i ZOO al tate 29 4 +e ee 
8,910} 140 | 6,856 571'| 17,4271 1385 | 396 6,086 
Staff of A dministra- 
tive Regiments not bh 
snglnd a se 22 xe 7 oe i 1 a Bald 
turns of any Corps 
Total ..| 8,982 140 6,863 571 7,434 | 186 | 396 6,093 
Mounted Devon .. a 60 “5 : AG 46] .. A eee ae 
Rifle Dumfries .. ae 60 ne 36 7 43 2 4 36 
Hampshire 60 an 20 ue 32 3 2 19 
Roxburgh.. a 60 50 8 58 3 A 50 
Staffof Administra- 240 : 106 73 179 8 10 105 
tive Regiments not 
included in Re- x eS ut - “3 3 
turns ofany Corps. 
‘Total a 240 5 106 73 179 8 10 105 j 
| 
Rifle .,| Aberdeen.. ..| 3,900] 30 2,857 52] 2,909] 105 | 153 | 2,291 
Argyll iis... % se]. | 800°| {80 624 7 641 | 19 | 37 536 
Ayrshire .. S 1,600 ois 1,220 37 1,257 AL 80 1,034 
Banff A as 659 oo 553 10 563 | 11 20 422 
Bedford .. BE 759 30 521 2 523 | 14 33 416 J 
Berkshire .. z.| sb. 800 we 1,060 i 1,067 | 30 59 969 “2 
Berwick-on-Tweed 100 “8 70 3 73 3 4 46 
Berwickshire ae 700 Ae 500 37 5387 | 17 42 462 
Brecknock. . oe 659 aie 476 15 A491 7 16 364 
Buckingham 600 5 514 2 516) 11 44 443 
Bute ag 100 30 67 2 69 3 3 56 4 
Caithness .. 459] .. 355 3 358 |. 7 +} 16 249 
} Cambridge a | 1,400 se 652 226 878 | 34 52 572 @ 
Cardigan .. a 100 ; 72 5 ial aes: t 59 
Carmarthen na 500 se 319 7a 390 8 19 278 
Carnarvon. . &9 400 100 192 28 220 5 9 189 
Cheshire .. --| 4,577 90 3,634 91 3,725 | 91 | 202 3,187 
Cinque Ports .. 600 ne 280 26 306 7 25 260 
Clackmannan .. 500 ais 444 6 450 | 16 18 396 
Cornwall .. Pi ime 249,81 0M femmes 55 1,819 37 1,856 | 48 89 | 1,466 } 
- Carried forward | 21,713 | 625 16,229 677 | 16,906 | 480 | 925 | 


Rifle—cont. 


County. 


Maximum Estab- 


lishment. 


Brought forward | 21,713 


Cumberland 
Denbighshire 
Derby 
Devonshire 
Dorsetshire 
Dumbarton 
Dumfries .. 
Durham . 
Edinburgh 
Elgin ve 
Essex ‘ 
Fife ne 
Flintshire .. 
Forfar — 
Glamorgan 
Gloucester 
Haddington 
Hampshire 
Haverfordwest 
Hereford .. 
Herts a 
Huntingdon ~ 
Inverness .. 
Isle of Man 
Isle of Wight 
Kent nie 
Kincardine 
Kinross .. 
Kirkeudbright 
Lanark .. 
Lancashire 
Leicester .. 
Lincoln .. 
Linlithgow 
London 
Middlesex. . 
Midlothian 


| Monmouth 


Neweastle.. 
Norfolk .. 
Northampton 


Northumberland 


Nottingham 
Orkney .. 
Oxford .. 
Peebles .. 
Pembroke .. 
Perthshire. . 
Radnor .. 
Renfrew ... 
Ross as 


on Ss Ul eo) je fe “6? eo Leh ie we ak es 
. = . 


1,300 
777 
2,459 
4,177 
1,218 
1,318 
1,000 
3,559 
3,000 
1,059 
3,300 
1,200 
600 
2,800 
3,159 
2,200 
559 
3,000 
300 
818 
1,100 
200 
1,000 
100 
700 
4,459 
500 
100 
600 
10,200 
18,900 
1,000 


Carried forward | 143,070 


Supernumeraries 


authorised. 


65 


1876, 


103,749 


Who have ob- | 3¢5 

; : tained Certif- | A" 2S 
2 e cates of 2au2 
8 f= Proficiency. | 92.5 |; 
° eS 
Re pace 
5 g s | & | eee 
7, i=l g oh Ss a = o 
677 | 16,906 | 480] 925 | 18,695 
AL 1,000 29 57 856 
Al 684 18 40 544 
50 2,089 48 87 1,814 
173 2,793 63 | 163 2,336 
57 869 20 50 674: 
36 1,035 32 64, 899 
31 768 23 47 652 
190 2,486 48} 146 1,912 
95 2,528 86 | 140 2,022 
38 852 23 37 659 
162 2,443 58 | 136 1,693 
58 907 22 49 766 
25 567 S 25 471. 
121 1,861 52 | 119 1,494 
79 2,606 61 | 144 2,162 
182 1,441 32 77 1,195 
27 372 12 14 296 
177 2,051 47 | 139 1,610 
29 259 5 15 224 
38 620 9 40 446 
105 781 21 36 618 
19 121 A 2 101 
46 941 17 43 762 
A 81 2 3 63 
30 570 9 35 457 
193 3,180 86 | 217 2,689 
40 399 10 22 294, 
2 76 3 1 71 
23 514 12 32 380 
205 7,632 | 250] 491 6,515 
861 | 16,561 | 375 | 845) 14,012 
83 793 12 29 661 
80 1,406 46 75 1,205 
A 520 13 31 451 
231 2,408 68 | 155 1,810 
1,449 | 14317 | 438] 848 | 11,905 
76 1,636 53 98 1,270 
46 1,551 33 88 1,189 
16 520 14 31 443, 

86 1,941 74 | 130 1,62 
54 884: 18 53 748 
222 999 21 68 742 
51 1,589 23 81 1,262 
5 77 3 3 51 
130 648 24, 38 447 
8 223 4 13 191 
5 176 4 10 162 
65 1,162 32 73 1,031 
37 122 : 4 7 
100 2,162 57} 116 1,705 
15 740 20 AA 576 
6,118 | 109,867 | 2,922 | 6,229 | 89,928 


i 


1876. 66 
a cS EE - b 
Who have ob- | 3 4:5 

re a) K 3 eaitiea Certifi- te es 

oi a 2B “2 cates of 2S oP 

& 3 a a Proficiency. | S25: 

is a8 ; Ee 250 

Arm. County. ep Be “s g a ; Bae o 

fe | 3a & a ZA e | 2 | P28 

ee =| iS) 4 a 3 g S252 

a A8 Re iz 42 5 2 SROs 

a= | @ | zi S| | eee 

Brought forward |'148,070 | 2,035 | 103,749 6,118 |'109;867 | 2,922, |'6,229 | 89,928 

Rifle—cont. | Roxburgh .. %, 500 Ad 394. TN 400 abi 25° 359 
Sela sh te hos S007 Stee 1 268 1 269 8 Lif 240 — 
Shropshire ..| 1,600 60 | 1,079 oe | aba] oy ieye 994 

Somerset .. «. |» 223859 wi 1,844 235 2,079 44| 105 L711 
Stafford .. es 4,595 130 3,574 92 | °3,666 91 223 3,046 
Stirling ..  ..| 1,200 60 965 7 972 | 80, 68 838 _ 
Suffolk .. ne 2,100. 60 1,389 119 1,608 42 97 1,211 : 
Surrey ae ye 5,618 120 3,724 521 A, 245 93°] 250 3,219 i 
Sussex .. an 1,800 30 1,087 |. ‘133 1,220 39 73 1,041 } 
Sutherland a9 500 aa 441 BA 475 8'| 21 370 © 
TowerHamlets ..| 2,300 oe 1,427 101 | 1,528 27°} 108 | 1,384 4 
Warwick .. |, 22,400 10 1,907 29 | 1,986 42| 119 | 1,642 © 
Westmoreland .. 700 were 481 11 492 15 33 410 
Wigtown .. sc 200 a 158 9 167 3 8 132 f 
Wiltdiire 2.0 0 2c) BOS) es 1,335 97| 1,432] 38 90} 1,251 © 
Worcester. . ta 2,018 ore 1,511 21 1,532 4G 98 1,335 
York, East Ridmg 1,300 are 875 50 925 33 52 846 
» North Riding} 1,700 30 1,001 91 1,032 22 35 908 © 
» West Riding 7,818 30 5,704 514: 6,218 | 1238 334 5,129'@ 
184,596 | 2,614 | 182,913 8,264 |141,177 | 3,664 | 8,042 | 115,944 
Staff of Administra- 
tive Regiments not ; 4 
» bleded tia Re: 1,112 aie 1,304 66 1,870 | 242 | .. 1,233 = 
turns of any Corps. . 
Ba Se Ee ee ee { 
Total. . 185,708 | 2,614 {134,217 | (8/830 }142,547 |8,906'| 8,042 |117,177 — 


—— 


a a ee 


3 
Re 
| Arm. eI & 
| an 
Light Horse .. a 720 
Artillery .. < ev| 42,155 
Engineer .. ae ee 8,910 
_ Mounted Rifle .. 240 
| Rifle oe a «| 184,596 
| 
236,621 
| Staff of Administrative 
Regiments not included 1.438 
in the Returns of any 2 
| Corps .. ie 30 
Grand Total .. | 238,059 


GRAND SUMMARY. 


8 
eo 

ize} 
q8 e 
Be £ 
Ee a 
Bel ‘3 
a3 aa 
ne a 

9 4A 

890 | 32,393 

140 | 6,856 
by 106 


2,614 | 132,913 


3,653 | 172,712 
* 1,472 


3,653 | 174,184 


Non-Efficients. 


11,317 


Total Enrolled. 


550 
34,622 
1 AQT 
179 
141,177 


183,955 
1,546 


185,501 


hou be 
Who have obtaine2 BASS 
Certificates ena) 
of Proficiency. 58en 
Sees 
eso 
5356 
‘ oy co 
. fe S280 
a q S20 
5 oS mae S2od 
3) seh S _goy 
q 5 2 S38 

fo) n a a 

22 21 43 470 


3,664 | 8,042 | 11,706, 115,944 


4,666 |10,588 |15,254 | 150,370 


Sf Sel 271 1,383 


4,937 |10,588 |15,525| 151,753 


“i =! 
ae ae 
a 


~ wake ise 


ae eT 


69 


STRENGTH OF THE VOLUNTEER FORCE. 


From lst DECEMBER 1863, 


TO 
lst NOVEMBER 1875, 


INCLUSIVE. 


19 


STRENGTH OF THE VOLUNTEER FORCE. 


Ist DECEMBER 1863. 


De 1 gt pe @ 
a3 |S" ss 
as | oem 
= © oir 
= “= |e lesa 
a3 < The |) oS Bae 
Arm. a6 & 2 of 3° Es 
See) ae a fo eee 
ba a) ad q42|8 Pe f 
a2 “A A s 3 og |s4882 
S38 Ss ra ec He 26 |8enee 
a Fi } d "A os | bSa8a t 
c a Zi cs ma [ao |e ; 
’ i 
Light Horre ..  ..| 1,156 520 208 728 882} 1°42) 52°47 


Artillery... .. ..| 84,558 | 18,888 | 7,219 | 26,052 | .. | 72°29) .. 
Enginesr.. .. «.| 5,095] 2826| 1,431 | 3,757 | 1,468] 61-91) 89-07 
Mounted Rifle... 826 425 123 548 | 219] 77°5a| 39-96 


Riflc.. .. .. ..{|184,521 | 91,407 | 40,443 | 131,850 | 45,802] 69°32) 34°73 


Total .. ..| 226,156 |113,5117 | 49,424 | 162,985 | 47,871] 69°66} 34-96 


ce a 


Ist DecemBEr 1864. 


ee aaisineieeeaenEnnnl 


a 


f| o 

Arm. g I a e 
aa ° Oo . 

33 # = cs 5 
a) (3) & font 

Ce) “4 1 ie} 8 

as Pe g ial ~~ 

vi : a 4 

i=) <a a <a A 


— | | | ———— 


Light Horse .. ..| 1,040 585 262 797 376 


Artillery... .. «| 85,965 | 22,090 7,902} 29,992) .. 73°65 
Engineer.. .. «.| 5,136 3,237 1,106 4,843 | 2,748] 74°53) © 63°27 
Mcunted Rifle. .. 705 328 218 546 176) 60°07} 32°23 


& Percentage of Effi- 
A cients to Enrolled 
to 
Percentage of Extra Effi- 
la cients to Enrolled in 
: ma Light Horse, Engineer, 
= Mounted Rifle and Rifle 
3! Arms, 
— te, a Ce 


Rifle. .. .. «.|189,644 | 97,517 | 87,349 | 184,866 | 59,826) 72°30) 43°98 


Total ..  ..| 225,490 |123,707 | 46,887 | 170,544 | 62,626) 72°53) 44°55 J 


ge SS ER 


SPRENGTH OF TIE VOLUNTEER FORCE 


lst DEcEMBER 1865. 


ao 

<a 

; 3 

me 2 See ae 

af r= a | 

4 Arm. sie 2 3 rS) 

28 \ 3 ‘ Re i) 

| EG 2 ES 3 Sn ies a 

aes ) ie Ces, aS 

3 2 “o p S g oe 

es 2 (=| Be ae Lo 

pale & S a a oS 
Light Horse ..  ..| 1,055 609 221 830 492) 73 871 59°27 


Artillery... .. <.| 37,388 | 25,481 | 6,529] $2,010 | .. T= 6b ore 
Engineer.. . ..| 5,859) 3,745 | 1,078 | 4,823] 3,360) 77°64) 69-66 
Mounted Rifle... 575 333 105 438 123) 76 02) 23-08 


Rifle, .. .. «118,841 | 103,680 | 36,703 | 140,383 | 62005] 73-88} 44-16 


Total .. ..| 226,661 | 133,848 | 44,936 | 178,484 | 65,980) 74°99) 45 0+ 


ee SS SR 


Ist DECEMBER 1866. 


oo. @ 
' S7se 
3 |A_ te 
{ aS sie 
+s a r S z Bee . 
Arm, ag § | Bre 3" gs 
sll Set R= cs] “3 3s His 5 
RS 8 a = USA NEE e 
a2 Gs! ' ro) s Olea eer a a 
ag ESI 8 A & Bem |2Sese 
B<2e a" fx) re ia iS} fam o a SHAS 
Light Horse .. .. 995 539 804 843 472) 63°93) 55°99 
Artileryes fie. «0 ] 88,922") 27,402 6;332 | 33,754 | .. Sioa eras 
Engimeer.. .. ..| 6,159 | 4,354 879 | 5,283 | 4,014) 83°22! 767 
Mounted Rifle... .. 575 281 153 434 118) 64°74). 27-18 
1 
Rifle. ..° .. ..|182,751 |110,253 | 31,048 | 141,301 |73,681) 78-02] 52-14 
Total... ..| 229,402 | 142,849 | 38,716 | 181,565 |78,285. 78-67} 52°96 
! : 


a nS 


72 


STRENGTH OF THE VOLUNTEER FORCE. 


1st DECEMBER 1867. 


ees ge ce 
aS joes" 
$ 5 3S |638 
is BSE ERE 
Arm BS a i ees oF a 2g 
5 5 “5 C Re a0 9 eile! 
: Ca ee ee | Se ) a | 22/2 Ag 
aot ee ie A | a jae |sesa 
Light Horse .. .. 935 507 192 - 699 458) 72°53] 65°52 
Artillery.. .. ..| 40,666 | 30,611} 4,897] 35,508 | .. | #62] .. 
Engineer.. .. .. | 6,580 4,715 796 5,511 | 4,801] 85°55) 78:04 
Mounted Rifle. .. 575 272 122 894 114} 69°03} 28°93 
Rifle xs asvecose «| 187,056 |119,111 | 26,641 | 145,752 | 85,715) 81°72) 58-8 
Total .. ..|235,812 |155,216 | 32,648 | 187,864 | 90,588) 82 62) 59°45 
Ist DECEMBER 1868. 
1. (ease 
Bd |a_ 98 
, |S | ebee 
E 4 a |= eiaee 
Arm. | | ) — of A gs 
= s 5! - 5 a] Do 5m 
g a ~ Lacs] 5 ie) “3 is S 
58 =| & o es s Se os 
belie 2 A es 3 Be lip eae 
I 3 A g eI a 1g Saas 
Light Horse .. .. 875 601 151 752 506 | 79:92) 67:28 
Artillery ve ‘ale 42,733 | 33,654 | 4,280] 37,884 Be 88 83 ae 
Engineer.. .. ..| 7,780) 5,652 | 941] 6,598] 5,212 | 85-72] 79-05 
| 
Mounted Rifle.. .. 635 275 160 435 109 | 63:21] 25-05 
RACs ei ee 193,725 | 130,116 | 23,414) 153,580 |- 96,397 | 84°74, 62-78 
Total .. . | 245,748 |170,298 | 28,896] 199,194 102,224 | 85°49) 63°87 


RR a RE SR RE 


Se a an 


| 
j 
| 
; 
é 


73 


STRENGTH OF THE VOLUNTEER FORCE. 


lst DECEMBER 1869. 


Arm. 


Light Horse .. 
Artillery .. 
Engineer... .. 
Mounted Rifle. . 
Rifle. . 


Total... 


3 
od 
aa 
Ba 
=| 

: 870 
..| 42,413 
83100 

..| 600 
. | 192,948 


a 


«. | 244,931 


511 


33,645 
5,947 
271 
128,103 


168,477 


Non-Efficient. 
Extra Efficient. 


Enrolled. 


116 387 117 


26,810} 195,287 | 105,560 


Percentage of Effi- 
cients to Enrolled. 


cients to Enrolled in 


Light Horse, Engineer, 
Mounted Rifle, and Rifle 


Arms. 


Percentage of Extra Effi- 


63°41 


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a SN aioe elo ithe Lune hres Rom eon eh etl grhaniee, 8 A tape me nr ty ena AY © RE a aR 


CD i a Ati 


“PINANCE ACCOUNTS 


OF 
THE UNITED KINGDOM 


OF 


GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, 


FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 


1876-77, 


ENDED 3lsr MARCH 187%. 


Treasury Chambers, Whitehall, 
7 August 1877. : WoC H. SP PH: 


(Presented to Parliament pursuant to Act 17 J 18 Vict. c. 94, s. 2.) 


ee 


Ordered, by The House of Commons, to be Printed, 
; 8 August 1877. 


FINANCE ACCOUNTS, 


1876-7 7%. 


SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. 


[For Index to Details, sce pp. 2 to 6.] 


I, Cash Account showing the whole of the Receipts into Exchequer, and Issues out 
of the same, together with the Balances in the Exchequer at the commencement 
and close of the Year - — - eet Rae deere cu pp. 8 to. 11 


II. Receipts into the Exchequer. Detailed Statements under the various heads 
of Revenue, &c. - - - ay lish ak. - - - - pp. 13 to 32 


III. Issues out of the Exchequer. Detailed Statements under the various heads 


of Expenditure, &e.  - : - - . - . - - pp. 33 to 74 
VI. National Debt, Statements relative to the - = = ~+ pp. 75 to 84 
V. Public Loans, Statements relativeto- - - - - = pp. 85 to 103 


401, _ | he ine os 


2 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


: + aye pate 


PAGES 
Advances by Bank of England for Deficiency of Consolidated Fund [see Defi- 
ciency Advances]. 
Advances for Purchase of Bullion, and for Public Works, &e. : 
Detail of Amount issued for - - - - mE: e = « 286) 


Repayments on account of - - - - - - - - - = 88 
Advances for Greenwich Hospital and School—Grants and Issues for, &c, - <2 
Annuities, Terminable (Funded Debt)—Detail of Amount issued for - - - 35 
Annuities and Pensions charged on Leas, pee eat of Amount issued 

for - - - - - - - - - - 88 to 43 


Army—Grants and Issues for, &c. fae dannly Basssiceey. 
7 Old Stores and Extra Receipts - - - 1 alee a - 26 
. Army PurchasetGommission—Grant and Issue for, &¢c. - - - - - 66 
Receipts (Miscellaneous Revenue) - 26 
Rete Rxpedition Rta Receipts : - - -  - = a) Seb 
Surplus Balance surrendered to Exchequer - 82 


” ” 


Bank of England—Receipts for Profits of Issue (Miscellaneous Revenue) - - 22 
Advances by, for Deficiency ee Ce Hand, at Re- 
paymentsto - . - 10, 11 
Bullion—Advances for Purchase of - - - : - - - - - 86 
Repayment of Advances for Purchase of - . - Om - 88 


” >] 


” 


Casual Receipts (Miscellaneous Revenue):- = - - - - oa BZ 
Charges of Collection of Revenue [see Revenue Departments]. 
Civil Departments ; Receipts—other than Fees—(Miscellancous Revenue) 26 to 30 
Civil List—Detail of Amount issued for -, + - - - . - = 38 
Civil Services—Grants and Issues for, &c, [see Supply Services]. 
Colonial Governments—Statement of Benya Advances made to, under Moc 

of Parliament - - - - - - . = S A) # 103 
. Conscience Money [see Civil Departments]. 

Contributions from Revenues of India [see Indian Revenues]. 
Courts of Justice ; Salaries, Compensations, &c, charged on the Consolidated 

Fund—Detail of Amount issued for - - - - - - - ~ AT to 64 
Crown Lands, &c.; Gross Receipts from, and Payments thereout : 

Abstract Account - - - - - - - - - - - i4 


Detailed Statement - - - : 5 as 5 . - - 20 
Customs Revenue ; Gross Receipts and Net Produce, Drawbacks, Allowances, &e.: 

Abstract Account - tf - = = = 5 2 2 Fy sey 

Detailed Statement - - - - 4 4 ye 3 = a. alee 
Customs—Miscellaneous Receipts ~ - - - - - - 2 = . 81 


Hi Salaries, Superannuations, &c. and | (Charges of Collection) 
—Grants and Issues fous &e, - - = = * 5 =e 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 3 


Debt, Funded [see Funded Debt]. 
» Unfunded [see Unfunded Debt]. 
piccpaags Advances—Amounts received from and repaid to Bank of England, 10, 11 
5} Amount issued for Interest of - - - - - - 36 
Diplimmatic Pensions charged on Consolidated Fund—Detail of Amount issued for 42 
Drawbacks and Allowances, &c, paid out of Revenue [see Revenue |. 
Dublin Gazette, Income of (Miscellaneous Revenue) - - - - - - 382 


Edinburgh Gazette, Income of (Miscellaneous Revenue) - : : - - 32 
Egyptian Government—Amount received aaa for Interest on Purchase-money 


of Shares in the Suez Canal_ - - . - . . 5 Hey, 
Exchequer Bills and Bonds [see Unfunded Debt}. 
Exchequer Bonds, Principal of—Grants and Issues for, &c. - - - - 72 
- Exchequer Receipts and Issues in the Year—Account of = - - - 8 to 11 
Exchequer Receipts—References to Detailed Statements - - - - - 13 
” Issues ” ” ” = cs kd 4 - 33 
Excise Revenue ; Gross Receipts and Net Produce, Drawbacks, Allowances, &c. : 
Abstract Statement - - - - ” - - - - - - 14 
Detailed Statement - - - - - - 5 : - : 2 1G 


Expenditure [see Income and Iixpenditure, and Exchequer Receipts and Issues]. 


Fees of Public Offices (Miscellaneous Revenue) - - - - - 22 to 25 
Funded Debt—Detail of Amount issued for Interest and Uebipeniedt - - 34 

5 Amounts of Capital and Charge created and reduced in the Year, 78,79 

State of Funded Debt, &c, on 31st March 1877 - - - - 80, 81 
Greek Loan (Miscellaneous Revenue) - - - - : - ° - 32 
Greenwich Hospital and School (Advances for)—Grants and Issues for, &c. See 
rs Amount repaid to Exchequer - - - - 10 


Gites Bevelyie ‘and Net Produce of Revenue; Drawbacks, Allowances, &c. [see 
Revenue }. 


Hereditary Pensions charged on Consolidated Fund—Details of - - ~ 43 
Hereditary Revenues, Small Branches of (Miscellaneous Revenue) - - - 21 
House Duty [sce Land Tax and House Duty]. 


Income and Expenditure [see Exchequer Receipts and Issues]. 
Income and Property Tax ; Gross Receipts and Net Produce, &e. : 


Abstract Account - - - - - = 2 4 2 Z Pea b 
Detailed Statement - - - - = - - i Z ants 
Income of London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Gazettes (Miscellaneous Revenue) - 32 
Indian Revenues, Contributions from (Miscellaneous Revenue) - - . - 26 
Inland Reyenue—Miscellaneous Receipts - - - - s 5 : 2) ST 
a Salaries, Superannuations, &c,, and Expenses (Charges of Col- 
lection)—Grants and Issues for, &e.  - - - - - 72 
Interest and Management of Funded Debt—Detail of Amount issued for - - 34 
Interest of Unfunded Debt (Exchequer Bills and Bonds, &c.)—Detail of Amount 
issued for Boe - - - - - - - - - - - 36, 37 
Interest on Public Loans (Miscellaneous Revenue) - - - - - = 22 
Isle of Man (Miscellaneous Revenue) - _ - - - - - - - - $82 


Issues out of the Exchequer in the Year [see Exchequer Receipts and Issues]. 


401... 4 UB 


4 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


Judicial Pensions charged on Consolidated Fund—Detail of  - - tt a SL 
Justice, Courts of [see Courts of Justice]. 5 


Land Tax and House Duty} Gross Receipts and Net Produce, Drawhbacks,Allow- 
ances, &c, 


Abstract Account - are a - . ‘ é 5 = - eee 
Detailed Statement - - ree fe 5 NF re A 5 are 
Loans for Public Works, &¢e,—References-to- Statements remit. to = - - $85 
” Interest on (Miscellaneous Revenue) - - - - 22 

eedon Gazette, Income of (Miscellaneous Revenue) - - - - - - 32 
Local Loans—Interest on Exchequer Bonds issued for eis - - - 37 


Mail Service ; Contributions towards Expense of [see Packet Service]. 


Management of Debt—Detail of Amount issued for - — - - - - - B4 
Merchant Seamen deceased ; unclaimed Wages of [see Civil Departments]. 
Military Pensions charged on Consolidated Fund—Detail of - - - - 39 
Miscellaneous Revenue paid into the packet eee and Detailed State- 
ment - - - - - - - - - - 21 to 32 
Miscellaneous Services charger: on ue Consolidated Fund—Detail of Amount 
issued for - - - - - - - - - - 65 
National Debt—References to Detailed Statements relative to -- - - - % 
Naval and Military apenas y os jesse and i Boe Apogee 
Revenue) - - 26 
Naval and Military Pensions charged on the Consolidated Fund—Detail of - 39 
Navy—Grants and Issues for, &c. [see Supply Services]. 
New Te Fund—Detail of Amount issued for - - - - - - 36. 
7 oy Application of - - . - - - - - - W7 
Old Sinking Fund—Detail of Amount issued for, and application of same = ioe 
Packet Service—Receipts on account of Mail Service (Miscellaneous Revenue) - 31 
5 Grants and Issues for, &e.  - s . - - - - - 72 
Pensions charged on Consolidated Fund—Detail of Amount issued for : 
Diplomatic Pensions. = 2 ep a et eee 
Hereditary Pensions - - - - - - - ” ~ . 43 
Judicial Pensions - - - - - - - - - - rm & 59 
Miscellaneous Pensions - - - - - - - - - aS ey 
Naval and Military Pensions - - - - - - . = - 89 
Political and Civil Pensions - RS a See ey ee emer 2S, 
Post Office Revenue ; Gross Receipts and Net Bicak Beaune eens : 
Abstract Keone - - - - - - Py 
Detailed Statement - - - - - - : - - - ~ Ad 
Post Office—Miscellaneous Receipts - - - - Ee - - Page): 


* Salaries, Superannuations, and Expenses—Grants and Issuesfor,&e. 72 — 
Post Office Packet Service [see Packet Service]. 
Post Office Telegraphs [see Telegraph Service]. 
Produce of. Revenue, Gross and Net [see Revenue]. 
Property Tax [see Income and Property Tax]. 
Public Funded Debt [see Funded Debt]. 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 5 


? 


PAGES 
Public Income and Expenditure [see Income and Expenditure]. 
Public Loans—References to Detailed Statements relative to  - - - - 85 
‘/ Interest on (Miscellaneous Revenue) - - - - - - 22 
Public Offices, Fees, &c. of (Miscellaneous Revenue) - steers - - 22 to 25 
Public Works, &¢.—Detail of Amount issued for Advances for - - - - 86, 87 
1 Lage Detail of Repayments on account of Advances for - - 88, 89 
Public Works Loans—Statement of Amounts issued to and advanced by the Public 
Works Loan Commissioners on account of Loans for Public Works, &c. - - 90, 91 


Public Works Loans—Statement of Amounts issued to and advanced by West 

Tndia Islands Relief Commissioners on account of Loans for Public Works, kc. 93 
Public Works Loans, Ireland—Statement of the Commissioners of Public Works 

in Ireland of Amounts issued and ee on account of Loans for Public 

Works, &c. in Ireland . - - - - - - - - -. 94 to 97 
Sele Works Loans, Treland—Statement e the pane Geaeet Caebe) oe 

itto - : 

Receipts and Issues of Exchequer (see Exchequer Receipts, &c]. 
Repayment of Advances for Purchase of Snes and for zupee sis, &e.— 

Detail of Amount received = - - - 5 - : - 88, 89 


Revenue ; Gross Receipts and Net Produce, and Drawbacks and Repayments out 
of, &e.: 


Abstract Statement - - - = - - = 4 : z ney! 
Detailed Statement ; Customs - - - - - : E Ere 34 
Excise - - : : d : i 4 SAR 
Stamps = - : - - - = = ee hy 
Land Tax and House Duty - - - - - 18 
Property and Income Tax - - - - = = 18 
Post Office - - - - - - 2 ~ 19 
Telegraph Service ~- - : - = : - 19 
Crown Lands - - - : - Sha - 20 

Revenue and other Receipts paid into the Exchequer in the Year - - ~- 8, 10 
Revenue Departments—Grants and Issues for, &c, - - - - - Ye: 
mo Miscellaneous Receipts - - - = - 3 
fue Tivieh Loan—Amount issued for Interest and Sinking Fund - - =a 

Salaries and Allowances charged on Consolidated Fund— Detail of Amount issued. 

TRS (0) Ses RE og ae ae ee - = + = £4 to 46 
Savings on Grants and Over-issues paid to Bedale (Miscellaneous Revenue) 32 
Sinking Funds—Detail of Amount issued for - - - : 2 : - 36 

Wee) Application ofthe same - 0 - 0 © 6 ee 
Stamps Revenue; Gross Receipts and Net Produce, Drawbacks, Allowances, &e, : 
Abstract Account —- - - - - - - 3 denne & eat 
Detailed Statement - - - - - - - . z % Seng 
Suez Canal—Interest on Purchase-money of Shares in (Miscellaneous Revenue) 22 
Suez Exchequer Bonds—Interest, &c. on - - - > : E Sr 
Supply Services—Detail of Amount issued for, and of Grants, Se and 

Balances * - * : = : : 2 = " - 66to 73 
Teleeraph Service—Grants and Issues for, &c, - - = ° 5 2 - 72 
Telegraph Service ; Gross Receipts and Net Produce, &c. : 

Abstract Account : - Se ie - - - ~ HS af Ee 
Detailed Statement - - - - - - - - 2 : =o 
Temporary Advances [see Deficiency Advances]. 
Terminable Annuities (Funded Debt)—Detail of Amount issued for - - - 35 
Treasury Chest (Miscellaneous Revenue) - - - - E E : ey 


401, | pe Ad 


Vote of Credit, Ashantee Expedition—Grant pd Species Bari Supply Services]. 


; PAGES 
Unclaimed Wass &e. of Deceased Merchant Scamen cee Civil Departments]. 
Unfunded Debt—Amount issued for Interest of Exchequer Bills, &e. - - - 36 


6 ay Ten te on Temporary ss for Local Pur- 
: poses - - : - 37 


- é on Exchequer ries (Suez) -~ - 3% 


‘Statement of Ree ereated and redeemed in the Year, and 
Amount outstanding at the end of the Year - - - 83 


» 


Ways and Mcans Grants—Memorandum of the application of - - - - TA 
Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues of the Crown [see Crown Lands]. 


- 


7) 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 7 
a 


AGCCOUNT 
OF 
EXCHEQUER RECEIPTS AND ISSUES 
aos 
THE FINANCIAL YEAR 


1876-77. 


401, : B 


8 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED ‘KINGDOM, 


Pusuic INcoME and EXPENDITURE, and other EXCHEQUER > 


CASH ACCOUNT showing the whole of the Receipts into and Issums out 
‘Exchequer at the Commencement 


AMOUNTS. 


RECEIPTS, 


BALANCE in the Exchequer on the Ist April 1876 : 


At the Bank of England - . - = c : 3,826,896 - - 


Atthe Bank ofIreland- - - ~<« * - “| 41,292,691 2 - | 
———_————| 5,119,587 2 -] 


Revenue received into the Exchequer; viz. ‘— 


CUSTOMS - - . ain Sy Ce cee . 2 - | 19,922,000 - = 
EXCISE - - . - . . ° - : - | 27,736,000 - —- 
STAMPS (Sees Sl eG en age ve ee 10,890,000 - - 
LAND TAX AND Hovsu Dury- - - + - -| 2,582,000 - - inte, i 
PROPERTY AND INcoMETAK - - - - - «| 6,280,000 - = 
Post OFFICE - * = . 2 . " . ° 6,000,000 - —- 


TELEGRAPH SERVICE * * . ° = . - 1,305,000 = = 
Crown LANDS (NET) = « : - * - - 410,000 = =|. 


MISCELLANEOUS «*§ - - © © © © 7|{ 4,490,086 - 1 


ToTaL INCOME - + * 78,565,086 - 1 


Carried forward - - + & | 83,684,623 2 


Note-—References to details of the Exchequer Receipts and Issues will be found at pp. 13 and 33, 


7 
a 
As 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 9 


/ 


Recerrts and Issuzs, in the Year 1876-77. 


of the Exchequer in the Year ended 31st March 1877, and the Balances in the 
and Termination of the Year. mi 


IgSUES. AMOUNTS. 
Permanent Charge of Debt: & 8 d ae an 
INTEREST AND MANAGEMENT OF THE DEBT - - - | 21,588,981 16 5 
TERMINABLE ANNUITIES - - - - - - - 5,374,198 9 6 
26,963,180 5 11 
INTEREST OF EXCHEQUER BILLS, &e. EH er teen 112,039 7 6 
NEw SINKING FunD - - - * - - 624,780 6 7 
27,700,000 - = 


Interest, &c., not forming part of the above Per- 
manent C. Charge, viz. :— 
INTEREST ON LOANS FOR LOCAL PURPOSES - - 142,921 4 7 


INTEREST AND PRINCIPAL OF EXCHEQUER BONDS ‘avue) 149,912 10 - 
; ae ae ee es 292,833 14 7 


27,992,833 14 7 
Other Charges on Consolidated Fund: 


Crvit List - - : = . . ° . - 406,709 19 9 
ANNUITIES AND PENSIONS - - - “ . = 316,668 17 10 
SALARIES AND ALLOWANCES - . - -~ - 96,850 -— 6 
CouRTS OF JUSTICE - - ~ . . : - - 631,791 8 9 
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES (Ordinary) - - - - 143,018 8 9 


1,695,038 15. 7 


Voted Supply Services, viz, ee 


ARMY SERVICES = - | 15,251,354 18 3 
Ditto - Charges on Account of ‘Troops i in India - 170,000 - = 
ARMY PURCHASE SeruetON . - - 498,362 -— 1 
NAvy SERVICES - - “ “ 11,864,383 2 3 
ASHANTEE EXPEDITION (Vote of rei . - - 2OL7 <5) 2 
27,286,117 5 7 

MISCELLANEOUS Civil SERVICES - - - - | 18,333,851 4 11 
CusToMsS AND INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENTS “ : 2,766,279 9 1 
Post OFFICE - . “ . * : - " : 3,159,218 - 8 
TELEGRAPH SERVICE Choe : - - . . 1,141,000 - - 
Post OFFICE PACKET SHRYICE - . . » - 850,889 6 2 


48,537,355 6 5 


TOTAL ORDINARY RA need e ree: ee 
Ge caisented es > £. | 78,125,227 16 7 


401 wie : < B 2 


J 


Money raised by Creation of Debt: 


_ Temporary Advances received: 


10 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, - 
cc a ee 


Cas Account showing the whole of the Receipts into and Issues out of 


RECEIPTS. AMOUNTS. 


&. Bree | x. Se da, 

: Brought forwerdvta mony ein aa | 83,684,623 2 1 
OTHER EXCHEQUER RECEIPTS, viz. :— 

Repayment of Advances charged on Consolidated 


Fund 
For Purchase of Bullion - ° . . m : 5 325,000 - —- 
¢ Publi : : = « io 1,078,318 7 6 
For Public Works and Improvements, &c : 018, 1,403,318 7 6. 
Repayment of Advances voted in Supply : 
For Greenwich Hospital and School - - - ips - - 143,049 1 8 


FUNDED (Terminable Annuities) : 


Amount raised for Localisation of the Military Forces, 
per Act 35 & 36 Vict. c. 68, by Annuities amounting | 


to 118,272 1, commencing Ist uuey Lote, to eae 900,000 — - 
on Ist “August 1885 - - | 
UNFUNDED :— &. 
Exchequer Bonds for Local Loans, - - | 1,060,000 
Exchequer Bonds for Purchase of Suez 
Canal Shares (remainder of 4,000,000 7.) 700,000 
—— 1,760,000 - - 
Exchequer Bills in Exchange for Bills Cancelled : 
£. 
Dated 11th June 1876 Ge Bills of 11th | 
June 1871) - - - - | 2,585,300 
Dated 11th March 1877 (for Bills of 11th | 
March 1872) - - - | 1,467,200 
4,052,500 - — 


Exchequer Bills dated oe March 1877, to os heute wi oy 
paid off - - ~ o¢ . 125,100 


Treasury Bills per Act 40 Vict. c. 2, for Local Loans - 2,200,000 - - 


i 
1 


9,087,600 ~- = | 


Advances for Deficiency of the Consolidated Fund (per Act 
29 & 30 Vict. c. 39), received as under, viz, :— 


| &. 
30th September 1876 1,000,000 
Tu the Quarter ended 5 31st December 1876 - | 2,500,000 
3lst March 1877 - 2,800,000 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 3l1sT MARCH 1877, 


4 


the Exchequer in the Year ended 31st March 1877, &¢.—continued. 


ISSUES. 


11 


AMOUNTS, 


Brought forward - - - 


| EXpENses of LOCALISATION of the MILITARY FORCES de- 
frayed out of Toney Seg by ES ie eesti Cs 
per contra) - 


ToTAL EXPENDITURE (including) 


Localisation of the Military Forces) f 


OTHER EXCHEQUER ISSUES, viz. :— 
paraces by way of Loan charged on Consolidated 
und : 


For Purchase of Bullion for Coinage - - - - 


For Public Works and Improvements, &c. See A 


Advances voted in Supply : 
For Greenwich Hospital and School- — - Sin, we - 


Redemption of Funded Debt : 
Amount issued under— 
New Sinking Fund (seepage9) - - - «+ = 


7 


| Redemption of Unfunded Debt: 


Exchequer Bills exchanged for New Bills (as per contra) 


Exchequer Billspaidoff - -= - - - + = 


Exchequer Bonds Paid Off, viz. :— 4 &. 
Series B., dated 28 March 1876. = +> - ‘600,000 
» C. ‘yy 30 ” ” a > a 200,000 


Temporary Advances repaid : 


Adyances for Deficiency of Consolidated Fund, repaid 
as under : 


Out of Growing Revenue - Sleep anions fe : 


BALANCE in the Exchequer on the 31st March 1877 : 
At the Bank of England - - - - ° 2 


At the Bank of Iveland © : - . “ z 


455,000 - - 
3,771,063 11 3 


4,052,500 - - 
133,100 - - 


4,815,796 16 4 


1,172,853 5 5 


&. 


£. sa) 
78,125,227 16 7 


900,000 - —- 


79,025,227 16 7 


4,296,063 11 3 


143,049 1 8 


4,885,600 - 


6,300,000 


5,988,650 1 9 


100,568,590 11 3 


401. Bo 


i fest bebe) la ia 


Genet 2 a HA ” ‘ 


: Pra, ef b Anti rs 
te AAP fe my 


¥ 


erzs ss * aay 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877, 13 


REFERENCES TO DETAILS 


OF 


EXCHEQUER RECEIPTS, 1876-77. 


. REVENUE: 

Page. 

i ABSTRACT STATEMENT OF GROSS AND NET RECEIPTS ON “ALL HEADS eh. 14 

REVENUE - - = = c . 5 4 e 2 S z 3 

Customs - - - = Gross Receiptand Net Produce - - - 16 
ace AO oni eae. es 1 
Bee ee er We Se e 17 
LAND TAX AND Hovse Duty - - Ditto - Set 2 - x - 18 
PROPERTY AND Incomn Tax. - - Ditto - - . - : . 18 
Post OFFICE - . Liesthas ep TGtO. se = : : 3 R 19 
Deeuearn ceiwicns <2 c)e = fille 2 = el ws 9 
CROWN LANDS - - ~- - : Ditto - - i Sa MO a 
MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE - - - : - - = - - 21 to 32 


OTHER EXCHEQUER RECEIPTS : 


REPAYMENT OF ADVANCES CHARGED ON CONSOLIDATED FUND -- - ~ 88 


Monty RAISED BY CREATION OF DEBT—FUNDED-~ - Seales - 10 and 78 


Dip sets |- Hditios \ X  - Unrunpep- --. -. - 10 andg3 


401, A B4 


FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


[Details of 


PUBLIC REVENUE. 


ABSTRACT STATEMENT of the Gross and Ner Receipts on account of the Pustic 
Revenvux of the Unirep Krnavom, in the Year ended 81st March 1877; the Amounts’ 
paid into the Excuraver in the Year, and the Batances, Brits, and ApvaNcEs out- 
standing at the Commencement and Termination of the Year. 


= 


3g ~ 
ae RECEIPT OF INCOME 
HEADS -— Ba 
Oe 3 | ADVANCES ; : 
ae Se | Herareble and |" “eos! | Mephments, | NEE RRS 
VENUE s& and BILLS Discounts, after NET RECEIPTS | 
5a Outstanding on RECEIPTS, Drawbacks, deducting an 
8 & | 3ist March 1876, Bounties, &c. | Repayments, &c, | BALANCES, &c. 
Pages. Sv emrecudh. aM) ecu. el PR tas Bo es ras 
CUSTOMS* - - - -| 16 514,033 6 -| 20,044,263 9 1 147,877 1 7 | 19,896,386 7 6 20,410,419 13 6 
EXCISE - - . - -| 16 28,408,051 17 1}! 726,529 6 - | 27,681,522 11 ~% }) 4 
STAMPS - - . = 27 11,126,493 10 -4] 249,430 1 103 | 10,877,068 8 24 
LAND TAX AND HOUSE (1,413,988 11 4}) : 47,794,839 12 14 
Teh 2 aie er ae 18 | 2,545,851 14 53) (7,177 17 6h | 2,588,178 16 11 
TNGOME DAK (= ne «(| 18 5,840,718 4 83] 56,627 - 12| 5,284,091 4 74 
POST OFFICE - - - | 19] 1,806,810 17 6} 6,021,266 19 113 13,327 14 113 | 6,007,989 5 - 7,314,750 2 6} 
TELEGRAPH SERVICE -'| 19 15,234 14 93) 1,607,050 6 5 308,492 5 8 1,298,558 - 9 1,818,792 15 64 
CROWN LANDS - - - | 20 61,116 11 5 488,294 14 6] - : - 488,294 14 6 539,411 6 11 
MISCELLANEOUS’ « = 21 64,761 5 - 4,517,561 - 8] - - : 4,517,561 - 8 4,572,322 5 8 ~ 
TOTALS - - - £ | 3,355,945 6 1] 80,099,051 16 113) 1,509,461 7 9 78,589,590 9 24 | 81,945,535 15 34 


DISPOSAL OF INCOME. 


’ 
} 
; 
ADVANCES ue 
i 
| 


se Netours panies 3 BALANCES and BILLS Outstandi 
an utstanding, 
or * of PAYMENTS 81st March 1877. 
the Reyenue 
é into the TOTALS. 
REVENUE in its ee {ADVANCES Other Advances 
p A ER, epayable from epayable, | 
ee Ee a VOTES and BALANCES 
Exchequer, | for Revenue and BILLS 
| Departments, Outstanding. 
aa a 1 aI a a 
he ta ds & 8. a Ree od & 8 d. &. 8. d, 
CUSTOMS* - - - -| - - - 19,922,000 - - 246,793 3 1 241,626 10 5 20,410,419 13 6 
PER GIGH se nthe “ten ecu oe 2 ~ .| 27;786,000 |= y—. 1) 
STAMPS - : - -|] « - - 10,890,000 - - 4 
LAND TAX AND HOUSE 430,871 7 23 925,968 4 11 47,794,889 12 1} 
DUTY on i he aC - - 2,532,000 - - 
INCOME TAX eee -| + - - 5,280,000 - ~ } 
POST OFFICE - - -| - - - 6,000,000 - ~- 716,987 13 83 597,762 9 22. 7,314,750 2 6} 4 
TELEGRAPH SERVICE -| - - - 1,305,000 - - - - - ~) 8,792 15 64 1,313,792 15 62 
CROWN LANDS - - 3 83,201 11 4 _ 410,000 - - . - - 46,209 14 7 539,411 6 11 
MISCELLANEOUS - cal eS . - 4,490,086 - 1 . . . 482,286 5 7 4,572,322 6 8 
TOTALS- - - & | 83,201 11 4 78,565,036 - 1 1,394,652 3 7} 1,902,646 - 8 81,945,585 15 3h 4 


— 


£. 8,297,208, 8, 10}, 


* The Duties (Net) collected by the Customs on behalf of the Inland Revenue on the delivery for home consumption of British 
Spirits deposited in Customs Warehouses (under Act 27 & 28 Vict. c. 11), amounted in the year 1876-77, with the balance in hand 
at the commencement of the year, to 3,503,574 1. 6s. 44.3 of this, 3,400,852 /. 17s. was paid over to the Inland Revenue, leaying ¢ 
a balance in hand of the Customs on 31st March 1877, of 102,721 1.98. 4d. - 
1 This sum represents the aggregate balance of “ Miscellaneous Receipts” outstanding by “Revenue Departments ” only, : 


Exchequer Receipts.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31sT MAROH 1877. 15 


DETAILED STATEMENT of the Gross Recrirts and Net Propuce of the 
REvVENvE of the Unirep Kincpom in the Year ended 31st March 1877, showing the 
Amount Collected on each Article or under cach Head of Duty, and also the Amount 
of Payments out of the Gross Receipts during the said Year for Drawbacks, and for 
Repayments and Allowances on Over-entries, Damages, &c. 


CUSTOMS. 


i Payments out of the Gross 
| Articles usually Contributing A Receipts. 


not less than See ee Sl ee 
ipts. : ; 
£.1,000 Annually, together with ek pes a Repayments pie oi 


Customs Charges. Drawbacks. jon Over-entries, 
Damages, &c. 


£. . 's: ds} er an wo: d: £8 da 


Beer Spruce - 2,836 1 —- : - Ofey es gale 2,807 -17 11 
. —— Of other sorts, ineluding 
Mum - 1137 - - - - 19 11 5 LiLFerse a 
Chicory - - 61,723 13. 9 . - ote 61,694 12 1 
Cocoa, Cocoa Hnsks: and Cho- 
colate - : . : - 44,1388 9 8 56 56 8 44,082 4 - 
REDS SARE I ae ae 203,446 15 4] 2800 4 2 297 6 1 200,418 5 1 
Garam’: S155) beige 333,498 9 11 - 747 8 10 332,751 1 1 
Figs-  - acd 5. S484, 81) = : 282 4 4 34,502 3 9 
Plate, Gold and Bilver - - 8,040 4 2 : - 101 11 - 7,938 13 2 
Plums, Dried or Preserved, : 
- French Plums and Prunelloes 2.621" 2.3 - : Bdu. Sarat! 2,585 138. 8 
Peumeetre ha pele s 6,539 2 8] - . 42 10 10 6,496 11 10 
Raisins - - - : - 152,041 7 2 - - 793 10 2 151,247 17 - 
Spirits, Colonial and Foreign : 
¢ Rum - - - - - | 2,516,589 16 10 - . 330 .2> 5] 2,516,259 14 5 
Brandy - - - - | 2,306,747 7 8 - - 2,186 13 3 | 2,304,560 14 5 
Geneva - - - - 117,458 7 6 - - 252 18 11 117,205 8 7 
Of other sorts - - : 83],783 7 6 - - 557 10 4 831,225 17 1 
Tea - ' + - | 3,725,941 14 1 - - 2,795 3 5 | 3,723,146 10 8 
Tobacco and Snuff - - -| 4%864,113 3 4) 86542 9 3) 1,995 19 5| 7,775,574 14 8 
Wine i: Bt = ee 174,480, 13918 |<. - ; 2,875 13 4) 1,738,554 19 11 
All aihee kybcloa = os $ 2,958 4 3 < pM 2915 13 4 
Loss on Light Gold. - a5 ale Oi ae . - . V2) Th y 
Charges on Deliveries from the : 
5 = - 18 4 2 37,084 14 3 


Bonded Warehouses - - 37,052 18 
19,994,881 14 


89,342 13 5 | 13,418 5 11 | 19,892,120 15 6 


_ 
fo) 


Duties collected at the sie of ; 
iC as ae ae : 49,381 14 3 45 2 9 cake! 


Payments on Account there- 
of, under 29 & 30 Vict. 
SU Ge aaa Be Z : 8 - | 45,063 11 8 


4,265 12 = 


Toran Customs - - £&. | 20,044,263 9 1) 89,387 16 2/ 58,489 5° 5 | 19,896,386 7 6 


[es 
STAT 80% Le te 


Statistical Department, Custom nay : 8. Seldon, 
London, 8 June 1877, Principal, 


401, ch. ‘ 


16 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


DETAILED STATEMENT of the Gross Receiptsand Net Produce of the Revenue—continued. 


_ [Details of 


EXCISE. 
Drawbacks Discounts es 2 
> an ypaymen 
HEADS oF DUTY, Gross Receipts, | "4 Bounties of eat on Net Produce. 
the Nature Parliamentary | Overcharges, 
of Drawbacks, Allowances. haces ean 


£726,529. 6. OB. 


* Deduct,—Horse License Duty repaid - ~~ 


&. 8. d, Bi sais & ada Ri i atnidy 
Ghicoty Sra ela os feet aie 2,942 8 8%) « - - - - . 2,942 8 8% 
Licenses, viz. :— 
Auctioneers, Appraisers, &c. - 75,054 - — - - - 54 - - 75,000 - — 
Beer, Cider,and Perry - ~-| 9372,99118 23] - - 27918 6 872,711 19 8} 
Brewers - - - - - 446,037 14 9 - - - 15,985 7 9 430,052 7 - 
Doe yee Ss ick ate Wes ee 349,748 6 - | - C : 13010 ~ 349,612 15 - 
Establishment, viz, :— i 
Armorial Bearings -  - 82478, 110 =u ee ee 330 15 - 8214716 - | 
Gamiages) -- [>j-. Gus ote). 68749516 aula enn bi 653 1 - 558,190 7 ~ | 
ci Sed ee RIES GaN tb NC A 46 14 6 + j 
MaleServants - - <| 167561 6 -|- - 557-6 = 167,008 - - | 
Game = - - © - ‘!-{ 900302 - ~ | - 9- | -» 261 - - 200,044 = = 
Gold and Silver Plate- -  - 419809. Bil Ube ae 37 7 «6 41,242 14 9 
Ci OL Wak FOOL OC AOKI ie faba 77,210 10 - - - - 1422 - - 77,068.10 ~ 
Hawkersand Pedlars- - -| 9319812 -|- <= - es es 23,184 19 - 
*Maltsters - - 9 <= « 15/472 12 18 |e =e 40 3 8 15,482 9 6 
Medicine Vendors - - - 8,056 161 afeeek fre OP: ie 3,958.16 - - 
Pawnbrokers - - - - S2:520 glee 1°10 hes - $2,512 16 = 
Refreshments House - - ~~ 8,235 5 7] - : : 6 19 10 8,228. 6 88 ; 
Spirit. (Distillers, Dealers and J 
Publicans) - - ~ -| 81181414 43} - =:+ - 418 6 8 811,396 7 7£ 
Tobacco © + = %- ) +) f- 87,766 10 82} - - = 10 3 8 87,156 6 6% 
Wineand Sweets - - -| 210675 4 7| - - = 162 12 62 210,512 12 
Other than the foregoing - - 7668 1 22) - - - 3.- - 7,565 1 2h 
‘Malt- - - - - =~ =| 927ae45s 4 93 | ‘231,089 5 43 2,577.18 3- | 9,040,878 - 6h 
Baliwaya ae t= Ee 0 A) spa zos 46 1p Ne poe 1 - - | 128,717 16 10 
Spirits - - - .- ~~] 16,846,369 18 11 | 197,254 11 23. 1,286 4 - | 14,873,164 16 8g 
Sugar usedin Brewing - - -| 487,766 3 6/ - > - 3 9 9g | 487,76218 83 
"Toran Excisn- - - &. | 28,408,051 17 143] 428,943 16 73 | 274,664 2 22,921 7 6h | 27,681,569 6 GE 


2 ae e 
27,681,692 11 -¢ 


£. 


Exchequer Receipts.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31sT MARCH 1877. 17 
DETAILED STATEMENT of the Gross Receipts and Net Produce of the Revenue—continued. 
STAMPS. 
Drawbacks, Discounts Allowances 
and and and Repayments! 
HEADS OF DUTY, Gross Receipts. | Bounties of on Net Produce. 
the Parliamentary) Overcharges, 
of aS gg] Allowances, | Pemaded Goods, 


Probates of wis and Fetters of aoe 
stration - : 
Legacies and Successions - - i = 


Lotal Probate and Legacy Duties - 


Deeds snd other Instruments not included 
under the following Heads - - - 

Bills of Exchange * - - x . 

Bankers’ Notes - - 

Composition for the Duties o on the Bills and 
Notes of the Banks of England and tre: 
i) and of Cay Bankers - 


Oar 

Gold and Silver Plate - - 
Licenses and Certificates - 
Marine Insurances’ - - 


Medicine - - : 
Patents for Inventions - 
Receipts, Drafts, and other 1d, Stamps - 
TOTAL Stamps, exclusive of £ 

Fee Stamps is te : 


Fee Stamps, viz. — 


Admiralty Court (ireland). - 
Bankruptey Court - 
Chancery Court (Ireland) - 
Chancery Fund (ditto) - 
Chimney Sweepers’ Certificate 
Civil Bill Fund (Ireland) - 
Civil Service Commission - 
Coal Mines Regulation - 
Companies Registration - 
Copyhold, &c, Commission - 
_ Crown Office 
Divorce ae Matrimontal 


Oe Re a Se ee ew ray i 


D 
FA 
& 


( 
Explosive Substances - = - 
Great Seal Patent - 
Judgments Beaictry. Fund (ireland) _ 
Judicature. 

Ditto ‘Probate Court (England) 
Land Registry (England) - 
Law Courts (Scotland ) - - 
Law Fund (Ireland) Ale 38 


London Gazette - 

Lord Chancellor's Presentation 
Naturalization - 

‘Pedlars’ Certificates (Metropotis) 
Police Courts 

Probate Court (reland) - 
Public Record - 
Railway Commission secs 
Record of Title (ireland) - 
Register House (Scotland) - 
Registration of Deeds (Ireland) 


TOTAL Fee Stamps - - 


TOTAL STAMPS - - 


401, 


£. & d. 


9,389,914 -7 6 
3,684,444 lo 2 


6,024,859 6 8 


2,114,918 12 -4 


780,434 6 10 
975 4 2 


140,852 3 10 
13,928 11 - 
82,027 2 8 
142874 16 - 
119,982 - 11 
118,221 12 7 
169,042 
816,991 19 3 


10,524,607 15 7 


1 
PADI UE ie S  aa a) 


iJ 

nt 

855 

_ 

o 1 
Mori 


_ 
2 
) 
= 
S 
cy 
Sper errerrrirerersrs 


601,885 14 


8,252 9 


8,252 9 5h 


& 8 a 


1,376 4 2 
890 8 8 


2,266 12 10 


9,188 5 11 
9,527 12 = 


194 5 - 
939 11 1 
sol 7% 
5,242 15 2h 
400)'— = 
27,351 15 10 


|—_—__——____—_--__—__ 


55,907 4 104 


Ra 8d 


153,558 18 11 
7,752 3 1 


161,311 2 - 


14,184 7 
2,363 17 
208 6 8 


4 - 
205 1 
49 6 
510 14 


mls Os nee 


178,886 14 5} 


| 


& 8 a, 


2,184,979 4 5 
3,675,802 7 5 


5,860,781 11 10 


2,091,550 18 114 
768,642 17 3 
76617 6 


140,852 3 10 
13,734 6 - 
72,885 1 82 
142,820 16 
118,975 12 
112,978 17 
168,592 16 
789,129 9 


m1 ooo] 


————————— 


10,281,561 6 92 


Ca 
eB 
! 

AD Sw Milt 


J 
= 
no 
eu FT FT Oe Oa | Ge 


Beer 
15 10 
288 - 


wo 
ns 
Oe Mls | Fae me Oa 1 Wr sr ts 


579 13 


fr} 


6 
5 
+4 
6 
3 
8 
4 
6 
6 
8 
6 
0 


26,338 1 1 


9 
49416 8 
9 
6 


595,502 1 43 


eee 
11,126,493 10 , 8,252 9 5s ke 711 4 5% | 179,466 7 113 pe amare 6 ak 10,877,063 8 2% 


$, 249,480, 1, 103. 


18 . FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, _ [Details of 


SS SS 


See - 


DETAILED STATEMENT of the Gross Receipts and Net Produce of the Revenue-—continued. 


LAND TAX AND HOUSE DUTY, &e. 


Discounts | Allowances 
HEADS OF DUTY. Gross Receipts, |, 7.24 


Parliamentary and Net Produce. 
_ Allowances.) Repayments. 
£5 aid Bue al) Ri dil 
Lanp Tax on Lands and Tenements | 1,084,889 15 103) - - | 6,820 19 13) 1,078,068 16 9 
Inhabited House Duty - = ~| 1,460,46118.7| - = | 38618 6 | 1,460,105 — 2 
ToTAL LAND TAX and j ; 
House Duty, &e. - - @. | 2,545,351 14. 52 7,177 17 - 62) 2,538,173 16 11 


~~ S  i 


Rel llie Ll. 262. 


INCOME TAX. bs 
alee 
; &. s. d. FO Pee? £. 8. d. &. 8; ds 
PROPERTY and INCOME TAX - - | 5,340,718 4 83 8,300 11 10 /48,326 8 32) 5,284,091 4 7k 


ce SP 


£.56,627. 0. 14. 


Memo.—The following is an approximate appropriation, under the different Schedules, of the Net | 


Produce of the Income Tax in the Year 1876-77. (It is necessarily based on the Assessments for } 
1875-76.) : 


£. £. 
SCHEDULE A, Lands, Tenements,&c.- + -<- = «= « 1,676,592 
a B. Occupation of Lands, Tenements,&ec. - - - 199,830 
» ©. Annuities, Dividends &c. - - + = - 460,783 ; 


»  D. Professions, Trades, kc. - + = «=» 2,643,652 


| 5,284,091 
| 
} 


re E. Public Offices—Annuities from Public Revenues, 
SC ea Wty a) a Mee Cen ale 303,234 


Charles G. Turner, 


Inland Revenue pas é ; 
Accountant and Comptroller General. 


30 May 1877. 


= Se 


i Exchequer Receipts. | FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH 1877. 19 


DETAILED STATEMENT of the Gross Receipts and Net Produce of the Revenue—continued. 


- POST OFFICE 
a | 


Returned, 
Refused, 

é H Mis-sent, and 
ae See |. Gross Receipts. Re-directed Net Produce. 
ph ‘ | Letters, Over- 
\" charges, and 

Returns, &c. 


i 


& & a & & ad & a a 
Postage collected by Country Postmasters- - - - « = = 53,315 16 94 
Ditto - - inthe Metropolis -. - ee ee eee 98,567 10 113 


&. 5 
Postage collected by Postmasters and Agents Abroad - | 131,225 6 103 { 


Postage collected by Foreign oe for pout of Great 
Britain - 76,0384 6 13 
_—_———_ ——__—_—__ 18,327 14 115 203,669 9 6} 
208,159 12 113 
Postage collected by Great Britain for 
Credit of Colonial Offices not under £. Bs “di 
the control of the Imperial Post Office | 51,149 - 74 


Postage collected by Great Britain for | 
Credit of Foreign Offices - | 91,896 15 73 | 


——_——-—— 143,045 16 3 | 


65,113 16 83 


£.} 216,997 4 53 | 13,827 14113} 203,669 9 6} 


| 
Amount of Postage Stamps sold by Postmasters, Letter Receivers, &e. « '] 
4,890,677 13 9 | - - - | 4,890,677 13 9 
Amount of Postage Stamps issued to Postmasters and Agents Abroad - i} 
Amount of Postage Stamps sold by Stamp Distributors of Inland Revenue 658,278 18 2 - - - | 658,278 18 2 
Commission on Money Orders - - - ‘2 + - + «+ «| 99930714 83] - - - | 229,307 14 3} 
Miscellaneous Receipts Oy il aly Set Ss ie ae ier i 26,005 8 104) - - 2 26,005 8 10} 
£. | 6,021,266 19 113 | 13,327 14 113 | 6,007,939 5 — 
t ee Cc. Cour: 
: Cae oe fe, for Receiver and Acoomntial General. 


TELEGRAPH SERVICE. 


Gross Receipts. Payments Out. Net Produce. 


; £8 ds Bo). Geddes x & sai 
Amount veteived for the Transmission of 
Telegraphic Méssages, &¢e, in Cash - : 193,934 


Ditto - = ditto * inStamps-| 1,413,116 1 


— 


or 
oe 
aes 


cone 5 8 | 1,298,558 - 9 


————————————————— ee 


£.| 1,607,050 6 5 308,492 5 8 | 1,298,558 - 9 — 


I 


General Post Office, |. : C. Court, 
15 June 1877, } for Becaier and Accountant General; 


ae ee 4 


- [Details of © 


FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


20 


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| 
| # | 
| Exchequer Receipts.]. FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 21 


MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE. 


Derarrep Statement of the Amount received into the Excuequenr, in the Year ended 
a the 81st March 1877, under the Head of Miscellaneous Revenue. 
ee a 
ABSTRACT. 


, £ ad, 
| | SMALL BRANCHES OF THE HEREDITARY REVENUD eA} . : . :. 56,857 3 10 
|) BANK oF HNGLAND (ProfitsofIsme) = - - - - - -~ © «+ 138,578 - = 
EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENT (Suez Canal) - - - - - + - + =| 139110 2 8 
MPO OREO PERCE ORNS I ee Ge le 654,572 6 11 
FEES, &c, OF PUBLIC OFFICES ees - . : - . . r f 762,918 6 J 
RECEIPTS By NAVAL AND MILITARY DEPARTMENTS ~ - . - fs % 902,535 11 11 
MAGEE INDEMNITY - . - . . - - - - - - : * 4,233 9 10 
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM INDIAN REVENUES. - - - - - - - | 898,356 19 9 
ASHANTEE EXPEDITION - . - - - - - . - - - . 883 16 8 
ARMY PURCHASE COMMISSION Oe yeh os Fe) ek, Se ee ce ne 24.472 -4 = 
RECEIPTS BY CIVIL DEPARTMENTS - - - - - - - - - : 481,533 16 6 
RECHIPTS BY REVENUE DEPARTMENTS (including PACKET SERVICE) - - - 356,097 8 5 
INCOME OF GAZETTES - + + + . - - - . . , E 6,209 9 - 
SAVINGS ON GRANTS OF PARLIAMENT, &e,, AND OVER IssuES REPAID . - 20,338 19 8 
TREASURY CHEST - : - . . : . . . : ” - : 15,804 19 11 
Ist OF MAN + . ” - . . . - - - sss . . 9,228 3 7 
GREEK LOAN - - . . BE tie - . ono - - » . 15,833 7 — 
CASUAL RECEIPTS - . - - - - - - - - - - . 2,471 14 9 


TorAL MISCELLANHOUS REVENUB- - - &. | 4,490,086 - 1 


DETAIL OF THE PRECEDING ABSTRACT. 


SMALL BRANCHES OF THE HEREDITARY REVENUE: a £3 a 


On account of the Balance of the Crown’s Share Account of the 
Crown’s Nominee Fund, per Act.15 Vict.c.3 + = . - | 40,000 - - 


Hereditary Revenues received, per Act 1 Vict. c, 2 ; . 1,840 18 10 
Fines and Forfeitures received in the J mauiclaly fad Sherif Comts 
in Scotland . ” . 4,880 6 8 


Rent-charge from the Lagan Navigation Company, reserved to the 
Crown, per Acts (Local and “eee 6&7 igh, ee 104, s, eth 


and 36 & 37 Vict.c.65 == 296 17 6 
On account of Surplus Crown Revenues received i in Guernsey . — 
On account of the Surplus Crown Revenues zener 2 in J ersey . 600 = - 
Proceeds of Unclaimed Wrecks - »* . . 348 7 7 


Balance on the “Wreck and Salvage Account?” in respect of 
Wrecks which carne anto aS possession e the Board of Trade 


in 1873 - - Peis Bere INU ROT ONO 
Fines and Benartion Gree Office » . - . > . » GOiuisseere 
oe received id Welsh Sheriffs * - - *» = » -» 82 18 5 


56,857 3 10 


Carried forward » + + £,| 56,857 3 10 
401. 


DETAILED SraTEMENT of Miscellaneous Revenue—continued. 


| | 


£. See 
56,857 


Brought forward - + - 3.10 


BANK OF ENGLAND : 


Amount payable by the Bank of England, out of the Profits of Issue, for the 
Year to 5 April 1876 (formerly deducted from the gross charge payable to the 
Bank for management), per Act 24 Vict, ¢, 3 - - - . : . . 


22 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, — [Details of | 
’ 


138,578 - -« 


EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENT : eas 


Interest, to 30 November 1876, at 5 per cent., on Purchase Money of Shares in 
the Suez Canals 5 a ae ey ". Tomaf fuchinn ahr 


INTEREST ON PUBLIC LOANS: 


* For Interest Received on Loans for Public Works, &c., originally 


adyanced from the Exchequer, viz. : #. Bf. 9d. 

4 

Colonial Docks : - - : ge - - . — 

Drainage of Land (Inclosure Commissioners), Great Britain - | 18,088 - — 

Metropolis Interments  - . - - - - - . 635 15 8 

Menai and Conway Bridges - - - - - - - 2,582 14 8 . 
Sardinian Loan - - - - . - - - «| 43,713 11-11 


‘Public Works Loan Fund, England and 
Ireland (Ordinary), (including 397. | 
18s. 11d. Tralee Harbour) - - 192,881 18 

| South Wales Turnpike Trusts - : ed esl a2, 

Annuity Tax Abolition (Edinburgh and : 


a 


Montrose) - - - - 
Belfast and County Down Railway 


Loans by ; 3 % A zi i 
Public Works } Cattle Diseases Prevention - ; 


Lidar Harbours and Passing Tolls, &c. - 


fer] 
2S 
° 
or 
i) 
_ 


: issioners, | L2bouring Classes’ Dwellings - 
Commissioners. Porinataick Railway Company — - - 
Public Works (Manufacturing Districts) 
Railway Companies, Ireland (Temporary 
Advances) . - - - - 
Elementary Education (School Board 


Loans) - - : - - 151,166 - 


521,444/, 6s. 2d. 
SF 
e 
Ss 
_ 
bo 


8,297 17 


‘Sanitary Loans - - . - - 45,762 18 


a 
oo 
Q 
ad 
—_— 
~_ 
— 
H ARO DB wWHhonmme 


West India Islands Relief . = . « - 5) Se 353 13 


Trish Land (Landlord and Tenant) - 
Public Works Loan Fund, Ireland (Or- 
dinary) °- - - 4 s . 


Todas Gy 11,205 6 7 
Commissioners 


of 4 Pind a _ 28,950 13 11 
PR oans by late Commissioners - - 180 -~ - 

pe Employment of the Poor ~- = ae | yoo 
: - 27,418 4 11 


Land Improvement, Ireland 


67,7541. 5s. 5d. 


FEES, &e. OF PUBLIC OFFICES : 
ENGLAND : £ 
ADMIRALTY CourtT RuGIStRY.—Fecs « * - Aes = oon 


cr 


BANK oF ENGLAND.—Fees on Stock Certificates, 33 & 34 Vict, 
CC ay, oe Oe nee a he rey a g 


i 
; 
) 
654,572 6 11 / 
. Carried forward - - - £,| 2,091 15 5 989,117 13 
+ The Atts unidexy whieh the corresponding tepayments of principal are made are specified on pages 88 and 89, 


_ Exchequer Receipts.| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 23 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Miscellaneous Revenue—continued. 


£. 8 d, Sw $5, a: 


Brought forward - - - 2,091 15 5 |989,117 13 - 
FEES, &c. OF PUBLIC A ea mi 
ENGLAND—continued, 

BANKRUPTCY CouRT.—Fees, &c., under Act 32 & 33 Vict,c. 91 - 5,569 3 2 

BOARD OF TRADE: Poses: (a: 

| Testing Anchors, Cables, Lime Juice, &c.  - - 155 1 - 

| Provisional Orders under various Acts - - -}] 1,540 - - 

Penalties under Ne Peapping oe Eaeevee 

| Acts - - =} 1,418 9 9 

3,113 10 9 


CENTRAL CRIMINAL CoURT.—See Criminal Prosecutions, &c., - — 


CrviL List.—Receipt from for Salaries formerly payable to the 


Officers of the late Marshalsea, under Act 5 Vict. Sess 2,c.22 - 615 - = 
COPYHOLD, INCLOSURE, AND TITHE COMMISSION.—For Searches - 880 15 -. 
CONSULATES ABROAD : cane Ser, 

Fees, &¢,—General - - - - - - |35,198 2 3 

> China and Japan - - waht a> | OoGue OF 9 
——___—_———| 41,883 9 - 
County Courts,—Fees and Fines received under Act 28 & 29 Vict. 

Giada - - - - - - - : 2) ye - |517,632 18 1 
CRIMINAL PROSECUTIONS : Se 8) a 

Fees received on Home and South Eastern Circuits lll - 

» in Central Criminal Court - - 21 - - 
————— 2211 - 
ForriaN OFFICE : ; 
Passport Fees - - : - - - - 647 2 - 
‘Slave Trade Fees - - - : - - - 5 - = 
_—— 652 2 - 
Hi1q@H COURT OF JUSTICE : 
CHANCERY DIVISION : 
Lunacy Percentage Account, Fees - - -) 8015 - - 
Taxation Account, Fees - - - - - {11,574 13  - 
a 1689 1s = 
QUEEN’S BENCH, &c. DIVISIONS : 
Middlesex Registry Office - - - - -| - - 6,523 2: 3 
HOME OFFICE : 5 
Fees (including Fees on Irish Instruments) - - | 1,855 8 6 
Fines under Factory and Workshops Act  - - 206 12 4 
“s » Coal Mines Inspection Act - - 529 11 1 
- » Explosive Substances Act - - : 147 5 - 
Fee paid for unclaimed Certificate of Service 
under Coal Mines Regulation Act - - - - 56 - 
eS SHR ot Ol 
HovseE oF Commons,— Under Act 12 & 13 Vict.c,72 | - - 32,1385 5 4 
House or Lorps: 
Clerk of the Parliaments ~- - - . -| 8870 - 1 
Bill and Bar Fees - : - - . : - 118,501 56 6 
a are HES a eek ep 
LAw CHARGES.—Fees received by Attorney and Solicitor General - 1,337 5 10 
Lunacy Commisston,—Fees on Licenses granted under 8 & 9 Vict. 
c. 100, &e.  - - - - - = - : : - . 1,425 8 1 
Carried forward - - - & | 663,082 6 5 |989,117 13 ~ 


401. a C 


24 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 
ee 
DETAILED STATEMENT of Miscellaneous Revenue —continued. 
f : 
Be 8, 160: &: 9 age 
Brought forward - - - 663,082 6 5 | 989017 saa 

FEES, &. OF PUBLIC OF FICES—continued. 


ENGLAND—continued. 


ee eee, 


METROPOLITAN PoLticrE Courts ee &ec., under 2 & 3 Vict: 


Gets OC esis : - - : - - - - | 10,008 18 10- 
PATENT OFFICE : He tiga 
Trade Marks Registry - - - : - -| 7,472 2 - 
Registry of Designs - - - - - - | 5,042 14 = 
: ——_——_-————_| 12,514 16 - 
POLICE CouRTS, CHATHAM AND SHEERNESS.—Fines, &e. - 108 17° 4 
Privy Councit Orricu.—Judicial Fees - 20> = | 848 12 ‘ 
Pusric Works Loan ComMissionERg.—Fees paid by Borrowers - 7,244 16 6 f 
QUEEN’s HoUsEHOLD.—Fees of Honour —- - > “ : 344 = 4 
REGISTRAR OF FRIENDLY SOCIETIES - - - = - : 637 11 = 7 
REGISTRAR GENERAL.—Under Acts 6 & 7 Will, 4, c, 86, &c. - : 4125 3 6 ; 
SCIENCE AND ART DEPARTMENT - - - - - - =| 454815 2 
TOWER OF LonpDon.—Jewel House Me aera Sg yea Muh ree ONY Reales ' 
UNIVERSITY oF LONDON eye Ay eee tS ea a pil 


TOTAL, ENGLAND - - - &. 1|711,004 15 7 


SCOTLAND : 


Courts oF LAW AND JUSTICE : £ « d 


Commissary Clerk, Edinburgh, Act 4 Geo, 4,c.97 | 2,457 13 - 
Commissary Clerks of Corina a 21 & 22 Vict. 

c. 56 - - - - - | 2,608 6 6 
Deputy Keeper of the Great Seale et 5 3 1 
Office of Woods, &c. Og esc of as Agent in in 


Scotland) - - 155 14 10 
Sheriff Clerk of Chancery - Mier = 839 16 8 
Sheriff Clerks, under Act 1 & 2 Vict. @; 119 - - |14,146 19 4 


EXCHEQUER AND OTHER OFFICES : 


Lyon King of Arms” - - - - - 443.19 7 
Queen’s and Lord T'reasurer’s Réwembraneer, under 
Act 6 Anne, c,.26 - - - - - ‘ 218 2 8 


FISHERY BoARD.—For Brands on Herring Barrels, 


under 21 & 22 Vict. c, 69 - - - : -| 4217 9 1 
LUNACY COMMISSION - - - - - - 417 4 3 
REGISTER HovusrE DEPARTMENTS,—Clerk for the 
Admission of Notaries, Act 57 Geo, 3, c. 64 - - 187 = 
REGISTRAR GENHRAL,—Under Act 17 & 18 Vict, 
c.80 - - - - - - - - - 284 6 1 
ToTAL, SCOTLAND - - = £, | 25,979 11 9 


| ee 


Carried forward - - - £,|736,984 7 4 | 989,11713 = 


a4 


Exchequer Receipts.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 25 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Miscellaneous Revenue—continued. 


ER ge 


Loa Gad £. s. 
Brought forward - - - 736,984 7 41] 989,117 138 —- 
FEES, &c. of PUBLIC OF FICES—continued. 
IRELAND: & 8d, 
| BANKRUPTCY CoURT- - - - - - - 993 9 9 
CHANCERY CourRT.—Patents,—Feesfor-| #£ s. d. 
merly payable to Lord Chancellor 
under Act 2 & 3 Will. 4, c. 116 - - 6 - 3 
Ditto payable to Lord Chemechor's 
Secretary - : - 2216 9 
pens ee | 2817 - 
CHIEF SECRETARY'S OFFICE : 
Fees received by the Deputy Be 
of the Privy Seal -  - 248 14 6 
Fees on Licenses to Private Lanaite 
Asylums Sabie - -  -{20410 = 
458 4 6 
‘Common LAw Courts—Court of Errors - 2 -—Ss- 621 
CONSOLIDATED F'uND.—Annuities payable under 
Act 6 & 7 Vict. c. 78, viz 
From the “County Fines and Pene Roe 2 
alties Account” (Nine months to aia Nice 
__ 10 October 1876) - : - >| 3875 - = 
From the “County Treasurers’ Fee 
Fund” (Year to 6 January 1877)- | 500 - - 
—| 875 - - 
DUBLIN METROPOLITAN POLICE OFFICE. cake) 
Fines,and Penalties - - - =: = 6,766 5 8 = 
HOUSEHOLD OF THE LORD LIEUTENANT: Hear 
Ulster King of Arms : 1,010 - - 
Installation Fees of Knights of the 
Order of St. Patrick - 300 - - 
—_—__—_——| 1,310 - - 
LANDED EstTaTzEs Courr.—Duties received under | ~ 
Acts 21 & 22 Vict,.c. 72, &.=> =" = . - | 4,936 8 10 
PUBLIC EDUCATION OFFICE.—Balance of Fees 
received after BupPigmenting pre of Model 
School Teachers - - : - =| 1,801 15 5 
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE -  - . - - - 684 4 - 
QUEEN’S COLLEGES - - - - - - | 6,784 3 - 
QUEEN’s UNIVERSITY - - - - + -| 81510 - 
REGISTRAR GENERAL» . . . - : 39 8 - 
VALUATION, po ONE or.—Under Act 23 Vict. 
G4. = - yg We ieee SENS ier 439 10 6 
TOTAL, IRELAND - - - & |———————| 25,933 18 9 


—— 


TOTAL FEES, &, - - - & | 762,918 6 1 


Carried forward - - ~ & |1,752,035 19 1 
40]. ~ c2 


26 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 
a ee 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Miscellaneous Revenue—continued. 


RECEIPTS BY NAVAL AND MILITARY DEPARTMENTS, viz. : 


Brought forward - - ~ 1,752,035 19 1 


Army.~ Navy. 
Contributions in aid of Military and Navat Expen- 
diture, viz,: oe ta OMe vans 
From Indian Revenues (see also below) : - - - 65,817 15 4 
From Colonial Governments - - - - _.- | 218,563 10 — _ 
For repayments for Stores supplicd, Sale of old Stores, 
and other Extra Receipts - - - - - | 328,279 10 4] 289,874 16 3 
£. | 546,843 - 4] 355,692 11 7 | 902,635 11 11 


MAGEE INDEMNITY: 


Proportion of Indemnity paid 
on Mr, Magee in April 1874 ~- - 


by Government of Guatemala for Outrage committed 


rn s| 


. Z : : : . - - - 4,233 9 10 
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM INDIAN REVENUES : DON i aC ‘ 
Contributions for Military Charges in respect of Her Majesty’s British 
Forces serving or having served in India, viz. : 
Effective Charges (Depdt and other Home £. 8. a, 
Charges) - - - - - - - | 400,000 -— - 
Non-effective Charges - - - - - | 368,329 19 9 | 
Capitalization of Pensions - - - - | 100,000 - - : 
868,329 19 9 A 
Contributions for Expenses of Diplomatic and Consular Services, viz, : 
Towards Expenses of Persian Mission - - - : : - | 12,000 - - 
Moiety of the Annuity granted to the Red Sea and India Telegraph 
Company, and of One Year’s Charge for Management of the same, 
per 25 & 26 Vict.c. 39 - - - - - . - - =| 18027 - - 
| 8 98sbe ale and. 
ASHANTEE EXPEDITION: 
Receipt in respect of Indemnity : . : : tas - 177 15 1 
Proceeds of Sale of Stores purchased for Captain Glover’s Expedition 606 14 9 
Proceeds of Sale of Stores, &c, pertaining to Gold Coast “ex Ger- 
trude”’ - - - - : - - : - - - - 195 6 10 
Refund of overpayment on board H.M.S. “Duke of Wellington” — . 4 —- - | 
ARMY PURCHASE COMMISSION: ) wi 
Awards paid from Indian Revenues on account of Compensation to 
Officers who had already received from the Army Purchase Com- 
missioners the full amount of bonus to which they were entitled ~- 1,875 7 4 
Balance of Funds of Royal (late Indian) Ordnance Corps received 
under 37 & 38 Vict. c. 61 - . - - . - < - | 22,596 16 8 
RECEIPTS BY CIVIL DEPARTMENTS (other than Fees) : mii 
BOARD OF TRADE: 
Amount received in respect of the rights and interests eo 8.0 id: 
of the Crown in the Foreshores of the United King- 
dom, per 29 & 30 Vict. ¢. 62 - - - - - 500 13 = 
Wages and Effects of deceased Mer- #8, 
chant Seamen remaining unclaimed 
for six years, per 17 & 18 Vict.’ 
c. 104, s. 202, with interest thereon 961 9 4 — 
Contributions from Masters and Sea- 
men towards their Pensions, per Act 
16 & 17 Vict. c,.131, 8,28  « - 378 2 9 
10,029 3 9 
seers a eS Se 
Carried forward - - - 3, 10,529 16 9 - e 3,582,518 1 3 


4 


Exchequer Receipts.| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 27 


| SEP IS 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Miscellaneous Revenue—continued. 


fa 8. a. ere cee £. s. d. 
Brought forward - - - 10,529 16 9 . ° 3,582,518 1 3 


RECEIPTS BY CIVIL DEPARTMENTS—conta, 
BOARD OF TRADE—continued, 


Repayment of Expenses incurred for Merchant Sea- 

men by Owners of Vessels, kc. - - - - LOM 8 8 
Relief of Distressed British Seamen; Expenses re- 

covered from Colonial Governments on account of | 1,287 11 —- 
Balance of unclaimed Wages of Distressed British 


Seamen for 1874-75 - - : 324 15 2 
Receipt from Lloyd’s for Bervices performed at 

Registry of Seamen ss - - - 100 - - 

Other Small Receipts - - - - - 28 - 1 
12,380 11 8 

BROADMOOR CRIMINAL LUNATIC eee Exe Sere inclu- 
ding Profit on Farm - : - - - - 7,786 10 1 
BRItisH MusreumM.—Sale of Publications, &e, - - - : - 765 14 6 


CHARITABLE DONATIONS AND BEQUESTS OFFICE, IRELAND: 


Dividend on 1,397 2, oe new PETES bes Cent, be Gh ee, 
Stock - - 4118 4 
Other Extra Receipts : : : : Si he 412 6 
; 46 10 10 
CHARITY COMMISSION’ - - : : : : : . - 93 10 4 
CrviL SERVICE COMMISSION - Be coda - : ° e - - 14:6 
COLONIAL OFFICE.—Principal es sees of WS ao Seen: 
Fund, St. Helena - - - - : iS Se 
CoLonins, GRANTS IN AID oan he by hones of second iy 
of 20,0007, voted in 1872-3 - . - 10,000 - - 
CONSCIENCE MONEY: Lo si! dd. 
Remitted to Chancellor of the Exchequer - -| 14, ee 4 3 
Remitted to Paymaster Generalin Ireland - - - 
H———_————_} 14,835 4 3 
CONSTABULARY, IRELAND.—Receipts by the Receiver and Inspector 
General in repayment of cost of Extra Forces in Counties, &c, - | 28,935 6 1 
Convict ESTABLISHMENTS, ENGLAND AND THE COLONIES: 
Prisons in England : Ba: 
On account of the Productive Labour ise pee 
of Convicts, &c., viz. : Y eeu 
Profitson Farms - - - 1,772 5 10 
Manufacturing Department -| 13,378 14 9 
; H———_—_————_|15,1bl - 7 
Proceeds of Sale of Old Stores, and other Receipts- | 1,395 7 9 
Prisons in the Colonies : 
For Maintenance of Prisoners, Lunatics, and Feupers, 
on, behalf of Colonial Governments - oi 2,049" 7 11 
Repayment of Cost of Provisions and Stores supplied 
to Colonial Governments and private individuals - | 2,428 17 - 
Sale of Old Stores, Rents, and other Receipts - mi deh LoS 
———__———_| 22,296 8 6 
Carried forward - - - &.| 97,196 10 8 /3,582,518 1 3 


401, vats C3 


> 


28 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, (Details of 


SE a SE 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Miscellaneous Revenue—continued. 


£. 9 di & 8 dh 
Brought forward - - -| 97,196 10 8 [3,582,518 1 3 


RECEIPTS BY CIVIL DEPARTMENTS—continued. 


CoPYHOLD, INCLOSURE, AND TITHE COMMISSION : —— 
For Extracts, &c.; also for Surveys and other_ex- | & & @ 
penses incurred on behalf of Applicants for the . 
Registration of Land, per Act 25 & 26 Vict. c. 563 - | 2,887 19 - 
In repayment of Inclosure Expenses, under Act 


8 & 9 Vict. c. 118 - - : - - : -| 3,260 3 9 
In repayment of Drainage Expenses, under Act 
9 & 10 Vict, c, 101, &e, - - : - - - | 4,127 15 
- 10,225 18 8 
County Courts: : 
Forfeited Suitors’ Money Sie fe Ni i een lO EL One. 
Bank Interest - : . - : - - - 266 6 6 
Gazette Advertisements - - - : : . Up es 
Law Charges - - = 3 2 “ &: 5 vo ek ees 
1,502 6 5 
Courts or LAW AND Justicy, SCOTLAND,—Legal Expenses Re- | 
covered - . : - - - . F, : ms Z = ot a as 
DUBLIN METROPOLITAN POLICE OFFICE: Be 8. ls 
Police Tax - - - 3 = ; = - 130,961 2 4 
Carriage Revenue - : - - = . - | 4,840 11 - 
Pawnbroker’s License Dut: - - - - - | 5,907 14 8 
Publicans’ Fees . - - - - - - AO ents 
Incidental Income - - : : 2 =| 8422 3.1 
t 45,628 11 1 
EDUCATION OFFICE, ENGLAND; 
Repayment of Annual Grants of former Years - - 61 2.9 
Repayment of Cost of Training by a Student - : DO a 
Repayment of Cost Inspecting Schools in the Isle 
of Man - - - : - : - : . 178 11 - 
Repayment of Cost Inspecting Schools in the Isle 
of Jersey - - - - 4 . je a 1917 3 
Repayment of Cost of Indentures of Pupil Teachers, 
&e, - : : - - : : <P T es Gk e kas 
— 403 13 - 
EDUCATION OFFICE, SCOTLAND.—Excessin Repayment - - - =e 
EDUCATION Orvice, IRELAND: £8. d, 
Sale of School Books, &c. - - - - - = | 29,208 15 7 
Proceeds of Sale of Model Farms’ - - - =1°9;,879 16, 1 ; ; 
; ~37,088 11 8 
EMIGRATION COMMISSION.—Forfeited Deposits of Emigrants, ke. - Lise 
EXCHEQUER AND AUDIT DEPARTMENT: BLASER L 
Receipts in respect of Auditing certain Accounts, viz.: 
Greenwich Hospital - - 4 5 3 100 = = 
Trish Church Temporalities Commission - - 819 - 8 
Mercantile Marine Fund - -- - -~ «| 1,400 - — } 
2,319 - 8 P 
FISHERY BOARD, SCOTLAND.—Sale of Stores = = «= « - 22:16 8 


Carried forward - - - &,|194,414 18 - [3,582,518 1 3 


at 


Exchequer Receipts.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 29 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Miscellaneous Revenue—continued, 


Brought forward - - - 
RECEIPTS BY CIVIL DEPARTMENTS—continued. 

FOREIGN OFFICE: ION rat Hes 
Sale of Horses at Tehran - - - - - - 14 - 
Sale of Old Stores - - - - - : 4412 9 
Tnterest from Bank at Lisbon’ - - - - - ~ 9 ll 


Contribution of Canadian Government ‘owards Ex- 

pense of North American Boundary Commission - | 27,478 16 1 
Contribution of Canadian Government of half Ex- 

penses of American Fisheries Commission in 1873-4 

and 1874-5 - - - - - - - - | 2,323 7 8 


HARBOURS OF REFUGE: 


Rent of Property, Pier Dues, &c. —- - | 3,832 g 2 
St. Catherine’s Harbour, Jersey, Rent of i siades - - 600 
HiaH Court oF JUSTICE: 
CHANCERY DIVISION : 
Brokerage on purchase and sale of Investments ~- |11,316 12 8 
Per-centage under Winding-up Acts - : - 163 12 1 
PROBATE AND DIVORCE REGISTRIES - . - - - - 


QuEEN’s BENCH Drviston.—Sale of Printed Cause Dists- + pes 4+ 


HoME OFFICE : 


Repayment by County of Sussex of Expenses incurred &. 8 d. 
in respect of Christiana Kdmunds - - 52 10 - 

Repayment of Expenses incurred under Explosives ; 
NOME Mes RTA ing ee Sen 10 14 - 


HOovsE oF Commons.—Proceeds of Sale of Parliamentary Papers 


Law CHARGES, ENGLAND.—Costs, &c. oS by —— to 
Treasury- - - - - : . - - : 
LIGHTHOUSES ABROAD: &. 8 d, 


Sale of damaged Stores - - 90 - 1 
Amount recovered from Stationery Office for Printing, 


charged to Vote for1875-6_- _-- 415 - 


LAND REGISTRY OFFICE,—Extra Receipts - - - - - 


LocaL GOVERNMENT BoARD, ENGLAND: 
Travelling Expenses, &c., of Buinooring pepe es san 


from Local Authorities - - - - - 
Locan GovERNMENT BOARD, IRELAND.—Sums recovered in respect 
of Salaries of Auditors of Poor Law Unions, ke. + - - - 
MINT: Saeed 
Seignorage on Silver purchased for Coinage - - | 25,995 14 - 
Profit on Bronze Coinage : : - - - |46,951 19 5 
Gold Sweep - ° : : - | 1,403 6 3 
Repayment of Wxpensea of Coinage and specimen 
Dies for Colonial and Foreign Governments, &c, - 404 9 3 
Other Receipts (including Rent of Refinery) - : 670 10 - 
‘ Carried forward - - - £&. 


401. c4 


A 
194,414 


4,432 


63 
3,934 


5,853 


75,325 


330,308 


gd, £. s. d. 


18 


10 


16 


2 


— |3,582,518 1 3 


18 11 


8 |3,582,518 1 3 


30 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


- [Details of 


rr ee 


DrErTaILeD STATEMENT of Miscellaneous Revenue—continued. 


: Re 8 a, 
Brought forward - - - | 330,308 2 8 
RECEIPTS BY CIVIL DEPARTMEN TS—continued, 
NATIONAL Dust Orrice.—Extra Receipts - - - : : 1919 - 
NATIONAL GALLERY, IRELAND,—Sale of Catalogues- - -_ _- te lie 3 
OFFICE OF WoRKS: Je af Og hg 
Rents, Westminster Bridge Estate, Grazing Rents, Se sied 
Sale of Materials, ke. - - - - - - |50,852 10 3 
Rent for use of the Slope of Conway Bridge Embank- 
ment - - - = > = : - - 12818 4 
Excess of Poor and Police Rates in Parishes of St. 
Margaret and St, John, Westminster, received in 
respect of Mortgage vested in Office of Works, 
under Acts 10 & 11 Vict. c. 131, and 16 Vict, c, 18 | 586.3 8 
OFFICE oF PuBLIC Works, IRELAND: ares 51,567 12 8 
Rent of Public Buildings, Grazing Rents, Tolls, Pro- 
ceeds of Sale of old Materials, &c. - - - | 3,742 19 11 
Law Costs recovered - - - - . - 2-7 9 
PAYMASTER GENERAL’S OFFICE: 3,745 7.8 
Interest on Exchequer Bills—Deposit Funds - - 117,607 8 6 
Gain by Exchange in Hanover - - - - 3.19 5 
Repayment of Pension over-issued - - - - 80 6 6 ibaa 
PRISONS, SCOTLAND : Tian 17,69 
On account of Productive Labour of Convicts - = | 3,669 13° 9 
Money found at Uphall - - - - : . Wie ea 
3,670 13 9 
PRISONS, IRELAND,—On account of Productive Labour of Convicts - 2,128 17 11 
PRIVY COUNCIL OFFICE—Copies of Documents os oe etre Le 615 - 
REFORMATORY SCHOOLS, GREAT BRITAIN: in tes | (a: 
Parental Contributions for Maintenance of Children 21,325 11 10 
Costs recovered - - = 5 . = “ phere yer 
ee ee aL eS ml) 
REFORMATORY ScHOOLS, IRELAND,—Parental Contributions for Main- 
tenance of Children - - - - . - - : : 1,269 10 4 
REGISTER HousE DEPARTMENTS, EDINBURGH.—Postages recovered -12 1 
SCIENCE AND ART DEPARTMENT,—Rent of Refreshment Rooms, Sale 
of Catalogues, Examples, &c, - : : : . : = : 372 17 2 
STATIONERY OFrrice.—Sale of Publications, Waste, Per-centage on 
Supplies to Indian Government,&, - - = + «© - 27,847 1 2 
TREASURY.—Conscience Money (see above) : itch, Ge 
Refund by Post Office of a Sum paid for Rates - 456 14 5 
Philadelphia Exhibition : ; 
Sale of Banners - - - - = = ~ OF athe 
Repayment by American Government of share of 
Wages’ - - : : - : - : 15 4 8 
Per-centage on Washington Claims - - - - | 9,895 16 8 
: 10,392 15 4 
VALUATION OFFICE, IRELAND,—Repayments by Counties, &c, (37 & 88 
Vict,c,70)  - . . - . - . - . - - | 10,608 9 6 
OTHER RucEIPrs.—Interest on Public Balances deposited in Banks 
in Scotland - : - : - - : - - - - 527 14 1 


Carried forward + + + £. [4,064,051 17 9 


ae 


ne 8. d. 
3,582,518 1 3 


481,533 16 6 


Exchequer Receipts.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH 1877. 81 
Ss SSS SSS SSS SSS 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Miscellaneous Revenue—continued. 


P £, 8 d, z. . @ @. 
Brought forward - - - - » [4,064,051 17 9 


RECEIPTS BY REVENUE DEPARTMENTS, &c. (Miscellaneous) : 


CUSTOMS: 
Rio eh a, 


Rent of Crown Premises and of Goods deposited in 

Bonded Warehouses’ - - - - Si 7,699) 1°76 
Proceeds, less Duty, of Goods api for Customs Duties} 8,430 6 9 
Monies received from Board of Trade in reimburse- 

ment of Capnees incurred under Merchant Supe me 


Act - - - | 15,304 6 6 
Receipts from Merchants for special attendance of 
Officers - - - | 18,025 13 9 
Fines, Forfeitures, and eines Miiaceliaccns Receipts 6,584 13 2 
Proceeds of Sales of Stores’ - - - Pi9N 3.3 
Fees received under Merchant Shipping Act : - 328 2 10 
56,491 7 9 
INLAND REVENUE: 
Fines, Seizures, and Penalties - : - - - | 36,599 13 9 
Rents - : : - - - - - -| 4,851 18 6 
Interest on Malt Duty deferred - - - 8,628 1 - 
Other Miscellaneous Receipts - Sty ine - -| 1,947 10 8 . 
ee GOL Ge Oa Ll 
Post OFFICE: 
Amount received from National Debt Commissioners 
on account of Charges of Management of Post 
Office Savings Banks and Government Annuities 
and Insurances’ - - - - - - - |161,228 7 1 
Stamp Poundage’ - - - - -} 1,046 9 2 
Rents of Metropolitan and Provincial Omics, and 
other Miscellaneous Receipts : - - = |' 15,6398 9 
Void Money Orders - - - - - - -| 6,472 11 2 
_—_—__—_____*/'183,386 16 2 
TELEGRAPH SERVICE: - - 
Rent of portions of Telegraph Offices - - -| 5295 2 9 
Sale of Stores - - Wo29rase 2 
Repayment of Cost of Works ‘executed for Railway 
Companies and others - - 5 : 2,814 12 6 
Miscellaneous Receipts - - = ts 9 “ite aOO Dae Ls sb. 
: 11,734 4 10 


PACKET SERVICE: 
Amount received from— 


Indian Revenues, on account of the Mail Service - | 46,170 - - 
Holyhead and Kingstown Packet Service - - soni sy 8) 


Packet Establishment, Dover - - - - 
; 52,457 15 9 


356,097 8 5 
Carried forward - - - &. |4,420,149°6 2 


401. 28 an 


ay 
-- cain 


32 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 
SS SSS SS ID 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Miscellaneous Revenue—continued. 


£. 8 de 
Brought forward - - =| 4,420,149 6 2 
INCOME OF GAZETTES: scieaey. : ! 
Gross Revenue (in part*) of the London Gazette - ga 3) 1,719 15 - 
Gross Revenue of the Edinburgh Gazette ~~ - = - Shashi (oi 053 
Ditto - - Dublin Gazette - - - - - 1114 8 6 
6,209 9 —- 


SAVINGS ON GRANTS OF PARLIAMENT, AND OVER-ISSUES REPAID: 


: bes Berni Ae 
Ashantee War—Surplus Balances of Vote of Credit, 1874-75 - 12,196 17 7 
Unexpended Cash Balances of Grants of Parliament; and 

sundry Savings and Repayments on account of Issues out of 

the Consolidated Fund, &e. - - - 7,745 12 8 


Unexpended Dales of “Grant Fund,” 1 &2 Will, ra c. 33 - 361 3 11 
Ditto - - “Grants for Piers,” 9 Vict, ¢ 3, Ce 36. 62:6 
ees 20,338 19 8 
TREASURY CHEST: | 
Profit on Treasury Chest Transactions for 1874-75 9 - - - += =. = 16,804 19 11 
ISLE OF MAN: : . 
Amount of Contribution received from the Customs Revenue of | 
the Isle of Man, for the year 1875-76, less Interest of the Port i 
Erin Loans, per Act.29 Vict, c, 23 - - - - - - 8400 - = 
Repayments of Expenditure defrayed out of Votes on account of 
the following Services in the Island, viz. : 
Army (Volunteer pepe es vere 1875-76 - £. 332 2 11 
Public Works - ip - 496 - 8 ‘ 
pane Sonera 828 3 7 
9,228 3 7 9 
GREEK LOAN: : 
Proceeds of Bills remitted by the Greek Government on account of Interest and 
Sinking Fund of the Big am (peing any Saptieed ‘ghia 3 for 1874 and i 
1875) = a - - = 3 16,8338 7 —- 
CASUAL RECEIPTS R ies ee 
Proceeds of Anglo-French Bonds belonging to unrepresented kale ‘ 
British Subjects at “‘ Monte Video” - ~ 180:14 5 
Rents of Guano Islands, Malden (4951. 19s. . Bird (200 l. ), 
Sombrero (500/.), Caroline (251. a Flint og 1), Bramble 
Cay (1981.5s.) = 1,444 4 = 
Sum received from Conuitites for care, kc. of Lines ay Vasa 
Halls, Dublin, in sper: of eal od since 1872 (9 Geo. 4, c. 62, 
BS (a ea beat - 250 - = 
Recovery, in further bate 6 detaloations Bt the Calllao Consulate 4 — - 
Rent of Inn at Beattock - - - - 5 “i : = 8213 9 
Premium and Interest on Exchequer Bills issued in lieu of Bills 
paid off in money, and paid in for duties during the year - 560 2:7 
; 2,471 14 9 
Tovah = =. - 4,490,086 — 1 


se 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31sT MARCH 1877, "33 


REFERENCES TO DETAILS 


OF 


EXCHEQUER ISSUES, 1876-77. 


PERMANENT CHARGE OF DEBT. 


Page. 
INTEREST AND MANAGEMENT OF DEBT % : ‘ - - - 35 34 
TERMINABLE ANNUITIES - - - = = - - - - - 85 
INTEREST OF EXCHEQUER BILLS, &c. -~ - - - - - - - 36 
NEw SINKING FunD - - = - Ane ee a 7 . Pasay 


INTEREST, &c., NOT FORMING PART OF THE 
PERMANENT CHARGE. 


INTEREST ON LOANS FOR LOCAL PURPOSES - - - « * . pak? 
INTEREST AND PRINCIPAL OF EXCHEQUER BONDS (SUEZ) - - - = 87 


OTHER CHARGES ON CONSOLIDATED FUND. 


Civit List’ - - : + e * . r5 a S = a 88 
ANNUITIES AND PENSIONS +" = £9 99 * © % = = 6 + om | #1384048 
SALARIES AND ALLOWANCES - - : - - - - - - - 44 to 46 
CouRTS oF JUSTICE Ree ney mS ees, ee AY to Gk 
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES - - - . - - - - - -. 65 
VOTED SUPPLY SERVICES. 
ARMY SERVICES - - - - - - - - - - - - 66 
Ditto - - Charges on Account of Troops in India - - - - 66 
ARMY PURCHASE COMMISSION - - - - - - - - - 66 
NAvy SERVICES - =i} : - - - - - - - - 66 
ASHANTEN EXPEDITION (VorE oF CREDIT) - - - - - - - 66 
MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL SERVICES - - - - - - - - - 66 to 71 
Customs AND INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENTS - - - - - oe ees 
Post OFFICE - - - - - - - - - - - - - 72 
TELEGRAPH SERVICE -— - - rag - - - : = 72 
Post Orricy Packer SuRVICE «=- = - - - - - - = = 7 


OTHER EXCHEQUER ISSUES. 


ADVANCES BY WAY OF LOAN: 


Mor Porohase of Bulliom: i=) ‘==. 420s (jos ee kee BF 
», Public Works and Improvements - - : - - - my ASR 
ADVANCES VOTED IN SUPPLY (GREENWICH HOSPITAL AND SCHOOL) - Senet 
REDEMPTION OF UNFUNDED DEBT ° - - - 5 = = -lland83 


ee E 


401, 


34 _ FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 


—_—_e_———— EE 


INTEREST AND MANAGEMENT OF DEBT AND TERMINABLE 
ANNUITIES. 


Derattzp Statement of the Amount issued from the Exchequer, in the Year ended 
31st March 1877, for Payment of Interest of the Punic Funpep Dest, Manage- 
ment of the Funpxep and Unrunpep Deszr, and TeamInaBLe ANNUITIES. 

aS ea a ee Ee ee eee 


AMOUNTS ISSUED FOR PAYMENT, 


INTEREST OF FUNDED DEBT. 


Great Britain: &. Sona. a tee F 
£.3 per Cent. Consolidated Annuities - - 11,671,030 16 9 
£.3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities - 2,828,179 17 3 

New £.3 per Cent. Annuities - - 5,392,797 12 5 


New £.3 10. per Cent. Annuities 7,901 2 4 
New £.2 10. per Cent. Annuities 94,466 4 11 
Exchequer Bonds of 1853,—16 Vict. c. 23 10,457 10 —- 


|__| 20,004,833 3 8 


Treland: 
£.3 per Cent. Consolidated Annuities - : : aaa 156,225 19 —- 
£.3 per Cent, Reduced Annuities - - « ° - 4,104 19 7 
New £,3 per Cent. Annuities - . - ° . - 807,115 13 11 
New £, 2 10, per Cent. Annuities - . : . - 68 5 - 


—————___—_—___—___ 967,504 17 6 


_ 


Interest of the Government Debt to the Bank of England, viz. : 


Original Capital : &. Ss. dad. 20,972,338 1 2 
1694: Act 5 & 6 Will. & Mary, c, 20 - 1,200,000 - - 
1708: Act 7 Anne,c.7 - . ° - 400,000 - — 
1742: Act 15 Geo.2,c,13 - - - 1,600,000 - - 
; 3,200,000 -- = 


Capital purchased of the South Sea Company : 
1721: Act 8 Geo. 1, c.21, Residue of Capital of £. 4,000,000 ; 
purchased of the South Sea Company oe - | 3,328,300 - - 


Other Advances to Government: 
1716: Act 3 Geo. 1, ¢. 8, Balance of £. 2,000,000 of Ex- 


chequer Bills cancelled - - - - 500,000 — — 
1727 : 1 Geo. 2, c. 8, Advance to Government - : - | 1,750,000 - —- 
1728: 2.Geo.2,c.3 - - ditto - - - : - | 1,250,000 - - 
1746: 19 Geo. 2, c, 6, Exchequer Bills delivered up to be ( 
cancelled - . : : - ° ° - 986,800 - — 
ToTAaL, bearing Interest at £.3 per cent. per annum - £,| 11,015,100 - - 330,453 - - 


Interest of the Government Debt to the Bank of Ireland, viz. : 
£. 

1783 : Act 21 & 22 Geo. 3, ¢. 16 - (Irish Currency, 600,000) 553,846 

. 1797 : Act 37 Geo. 3, c. 50 - (ditto - 500,000) 461,538 

1808 : Act 48 Geo. 3, c. 183 ( ditto ~- 1,250,000) | 1,153,846 

1821: Act 2 Geo. 4,¢.72 - ( ditto = 500,000) 461,538 


ToraL, bearing Interest at £.3 per cent, per annum - £, | 2,630,769 78,923 1 6 
. ; 21,381,714 2 8 
MANAGEMENT [see page 84 for further particulars. ] ee 
MANAGEMENT of Funded Debt for one Year, ended 5th April 
1876, on the Capital of the Unredeemed Debt, as it stood on 
the 5th April 1875, viz. : 
Bank of England, per Act 24 Vict. c. 3 - - - - 196,606 11 5. 


Bank of Ireland, per Act 28 Vict. c. 16 - = Rs - 10,0138 18 9 
MANAGEMENT (by the Bank of England) of the Unfunded 
Debt in Exchequer Bills, for one Year to 30th November 647 3 7 
1876, per Act 29 & 80 Vict, c, 25 - - - - - — 207,267 13 9 


Carried forward - - = &, 21,588,981 16 5 


ay 


- Exchequer Issues.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 35 


a eee 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Interest of the Funded Debt, &c.—conta. 


AMOUNTS ISSUED FOR PAYMENT, 


eae af Pas ate d. 
Brought forward - - -| . 5 leo ee 981 ia 5 
TERMINABLE ANNUITIES. 
8 * 
| Life Annuities, per Acts 10 G. 4, c. 24, 3 Bide 4, 
c. 14, and 16 & 17 V.c. 45 - - - | 896,481 18° - 
Exchequer Annuities, under various ‘Acts - 12,059 2 - 
908,541 - - 


Annuities for Terms of Years, viz. 
Per Acts 10 G. 4, c. 24, 3 W. nae 14, a 
16 & 17 V.c. 45 - - - 38,145 7 9 
Per Act 18 V. c. 18, expiring bth April 1985 116,000 
Per Acts 23 & 24 V. c. 109; 25 & 26 V.c. 
78, 26 & 27 VY. c. 80; 27 & 28 V. ¢ 109; 
28 & 29 V.c. 61; 30 & 31 V. c.. 145, and. 675,291 
32 & 33 V. c.-76 (Gontifications) expiring | 
5th April 1885 - 
Per Act 15 & 36 V.c. 68 (Military Barracks): 
&. & ad. 
Expiring 29 March 1885 - 6,091 - - 
” 1 August ,, ° 59,395 - - 


| 
I 


a 
et 
rs 
oo 
for] 
! 
I 


Per Act 26 V.c. 14 (Post Office Savings 
Banks), expiring 6 Aprill885 - - ~ - 9,983 7 2 


Per Acts 29 V. c. 5, and 32 & 33 V.- 
(Post Office Savings Banks) a, 


2 
a 
i) 


a 
os 


5 d. 
Expiring 1 March 1885 - 200,000 - —. 
” ” Ae 200,000 > ar 
ry 1 May y ° 101,681 - - 
3 Doge nin », °- 100,000 - - 
iv 8 June » * 165,287 - - 
” 8 Ns 53,887 sas 
. J August ,, - 200,000 - - 
t 1 September,, - 200,000 - — 
ns 1 November ,, - 150,000 - - 
1,370,855 -— —- 
Per Act 82 & 83 V. c. 59 (Savings Banks) : 
Expiring 22 January 1885 - 200,000 - - 
A 8 February ,, - 300, 000 - - 
‘ SD iets eee recA 00% a acs 
» 8 March ,, - 400,000 -- 
” 22 ” $y)", 300,000 Fry 
a 8 May » ~ 800,000 - — 
”» 22 ” har 300,000 ep 
a 8 June » «* 46,990 - —- 
: 2,246,990 -— - 
SAS 4 CObaw ane 
Sinking Fund coon Ch per Cont, 2 Pa 16 a ( ae oe 
1894 : 6,906 14 7 
Per Act 25 & 26 V. c. 39 (Red Sea baa as Telegraph Co. »s 
expiring 4 August 1908 - . 86,000 - - 


—-|' 5,374,198 9 6 


’ Torau AMOUNT issued for INTEREST of FUNDED DuBT, &c. iy - £. | 26,963,180 5 11 


and for TERMINABLE ANNUITERA - - - - 


Estimated Charge of the above for the Year 1877-78, £.27,032,036.] 


401. 


36 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 


INTEREST OF EXCHEQUER BILLS, &c. 


Deraitep Statement of the Amount Issued from the Exchequer in the Year ended 
31st March 1877, for Payment of Interest of Exenzqurr Bit1s, &c. 


AMOUNTS 
Issued for Payment. 


g & d& 
Interest of Exchequer Bills, per Act 29& 30V.c.25 - - - - - - 103,912 1 - 
Interest on amounts advanced by the Bank of England in aid of Ways and Means - — 
Interest of amounts advanced by the Bank of England, on 
' account of the deficiency of the Income of the Consolidated 
Fund in the following Quarters (per Act 29 & 30 V. c. 39), Eee wars 
Viz, : 
Quarter ended 31 March 1876 - - -  - «© . ~ 
1) 30.June 4 - - - =, J fee: ° 1,665 14 9 
H 30 Sept. 4 - : : pie tie PE 3,489 - 3 
¥ 31Den 4 - Sava : - . 2,972 11 6 
8,127 6 6 


ToTAL AMOUNT issued for INTEREST of EXCHEQUER BILLS, &&. - - &. 112,039 7 6 


[Estimated Charge of the above for the Year 1877-78, £.95,000.] 
wn ey Ne enon 2 one oO elie 
NEW SINKING FUND. 


Deratrep Statement of the Amount issued from the Exchequer in the Year ended 
31st March 1877, in respect of the New Sinxine Funp. ~ 


AMOUNTS 
Issued for Payment, - 
£. & d. 
Amount issued to the National Debt Commissioners under the Act 38 & 39 V. c, 45, 
to be applied to the Reduction of Debt (for application, see Bees TTY shar eee 624,780 6 7 


Ee 


(Estimated Charge of the above for the Year 1877-78, £, 872,964, ] J 
SS 7 


ae 


Exchequer Issues.] 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 


37 


INTEREST ON LOANS FOR LOCAL PURPOSES. 


Dertattep Statement of the Amount Issued from the Exchequer in the Year ended 
31st March 1877, for Payment of INrERzst on Loans raised for Local Purposes. 


& 
Q 


Amount issued for Interest at 3} be cent, per annum on the #. 
following Exchequer Bonds, viz. : z 


Series U, for 1,000, 0002, euied 24th March 1875 —- - 35,000 - —- 
Aas cor 250,000 i dated 3rd August 1875 - - - 8,750 — = 
»  W. for 250,0007, dated 7th September 1875 - : 8,750 - — 
»  & for 250,000 Z., dated 5th October 1875 - - 8,750 -— —- 
»  Y¥. for 250,0002., dated 3rd November 1875 - - 8,750 - —- 
» 4. for 250,0002., dated 8rd November 1875 - - 8,750 - —- 
» A. for 250,0007., dated 5th January 1876 - - 8,750 - — 
»  B. for 500,0002., dated 28th March 1876 aie is E5000 =: + 
» ©. for 200,0007., dated 30th March 1876 - - : 7,000 - - 
FORDE ae 500, 0007, dated 29th June 1876 Gor half-a- 

ar), 8,750 - - 
Pee foe. 500, 000 Ly dated 29th September 187 8 (for ; 
8,750 - - 


half-a-year) - - = 


Amount issued for prepaid Interest (at rates equivalent to an average of 
12 14s, 10d. per cent. per pea) on treanry Bills payable at three 
months after date - 

Amount issued for prepaid Interest (at yates Bieavalent “A an average of 
21. ae 9 d. per cent. per annum) on auecss sea rere at six Ci Ne 
after date Gee dirs. asia = 5 2 


AMOUNTS 
Issued for Payment, 


£. Bias 


129,500 - = 


7,142 13 9 


6,278 10 10 


TOTAL AMOUNT issued for INTEREST on LocAL LOANS - - = & 142,921 4 7 


[Estimated Charge of the above for the Year 1877-78, £.220,000.] 


INTEREST, &c.,. ON EXCHEQUER BONDS (SUEZ). 


Derarmep Statement of the Amount issued from the Exchequer in the Year ended 
31st March 1877, for Inrerest and Principat of Exchequer Bonds (Suez). 


Interest on 4,000,000 2. outstanding Hxchequer Bonds at 3} per cone Pee STU, 
per 39 Vict. c. 1, for half-year to 20 September 1876 - - 
Puneipal of Bond due 29 September 1876 - 
Interest on 3,995,0002., outstanding Exchequer Bonda at of per cent. per anna, 
per 39 Vict. c. 1, for half-year to 20 March 1877 - - 
Principal of Bond frees 877g bite 2. Ro ee it 


ToraL AMOUNT issued for INTEREST, &c, on EXCHEQUER BONDS (SUEZ) - &. 


AMOUNTS ~ 
Issued for Payment, 


£. & d. 
70,000 - 
5,000 = — 


69,912 10 
5,000) J he 


1 


149,912 10 


[Estimated Charge of the above for the Year 1877-78, £.200,000.] 


401. 


38 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, | Details of 


|e SS a I SED 


CiVidsr GIS &. 


DeraiLep Statement of the Amount issued from the Exchequer in the Year ended 
31st March 1877, for Payment on account of the Crviz.Lisr. 


AMOUNTS 
Clarne Issued for Payment. 
Civil List Charges, as per Schedule to the Act 1 Vict. c. 2: eee ee Gy 2 eee 
Class JI. Her Majesty’s Privy Purse - : 60,000 - - 
» LL Salaries of Her rasaok 8 Household and Retired 
Allowances - - - 131,260 - - 
», LI. Expenses of Her Majesty's Howsshold - = nag? 172,500 - —- 
», LV. Royal Bounty, Alms, ant epee Reavacus - - 13,200 - - 
» VI. Unappropriated - - - 8,040 - — 
[—_—_—_$_$_—__—_—_—__— 385,000 - — 
»  V. Pensions granted ee Bye Bee aoe oe ae 1 bg rt 
annum) - - 21,709, 1599 
ToTAL AMOUNT issued on account of the CIVIL List - - - & 406,709 19 9 


[Estimated Charge of the above for the Year 1877-78, £.408,000.] 


ANNUITIES AND PENSIONS. 


Derartep Statement of the Amount issued from the Exchequer, in the Year 
ended 31st March 1877, for Payment of Annuities and Pxnsions charged on the 
ConsoripatEeD Founp. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 
To Whom Payable. Ginted: Paved: 
ANNUITIES to the ROYAL FAMILY : £ d £ a 
Her Royal Highness the Princess Royal (Crown ; gate Oe ah 
Princess of Prussia) : 20&21V.c2 - 8,000 - - 
Her Royal Highness Alice Mand Mary (Princess 
Frederick William Louis of Hesse) - 24V.c.15 - : 6,000 - —- 
His Royal Highness Albert eed ee of : 
Wales - - 26V.a1 - - | 40,000 - = 
Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales. =) |e OV iCan lane >| 10,000 - — 
His Royal Highness Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke | [29 V.c.8 - - | 15,000 - - 
of Edinburgh - - | 386 & 37 V.c. 80- | 10,000 - — 
Her Royal Highness Helena Angasta Victoria 
(Princess Christian of Scpieawis BOBieay, ¢ 
Sonderbourg-Augustenburg) - 29V.c7 = . 6,000 - — 
Her Royal Highness Louise Caroline Alberta, 
Princess Marchioness of Lorne - 34V.a1 - . 6,000 = - 
His Royal Highness Arthur ae Patrick 
Albert, Duke of Connaught - 34 & 85 V.c. 64 + | 15,000 - — 
His Royal Highness Prince Leopold George 
Duncan Albert - . 37 & 38 V.c. 65 = | 15,000 — — 
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge - e ef vie 2 6,000 - - 
Her Royal Highness the Princess Augusta, 
Duchess of Mecklenburg Strelitz - - -| 6&7V.¢.25 - 3,000 - —- 
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge -] 13&14V.c.77- | 12,000 - — 
Her Royal Highness oS peace ween ps fl3 & 14 V.c.77 - 3,000 - = 
of Teck) - - (29 & 30 V.c. 48 - 2,000 - —- 


Carried forward - + +: £& -———| 157,000 - -- 


- 


401. 


é 


* Transferred from Gross Revenues in 1854, 


D 


Exchequer Issues.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 39 
DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Annuities and Pensions—continued. 
t Issued f 
Be Whol Payable By what Acts Amount Issued for 
Granted. Payment. 
&. d, & & 
Brought forward - - -]} - “ - : : 157,000 - 
| s 
PENSIONS for NAVAL and | Duration of the Grant, 
MILITARY SERVICES : cage tet een 
- - To whom the Title br A. Ge. - = * 
Duke of Marlborough - {orpkeotMastoront 119 & 20 Vic, 89 } 4,000 - - 
- - Toalland th 
Lord Rodney = Accomaints ahortho 1,000 - - 
Dowager Lady Rodney S|) Title of Lord Rodney 33 G.3,677 -9| yo99 ~ — 
shall descend - P ; 
Earl Morley, intrustfor |(-- To the RB es 
Earl Amherst - {isin of ‘etry | 43 G, 3,¢.189 - | 3,000 = - 
Amherst - 
: ; ; 46G.3,¢c.50 - 2,000 - - 
Viscount St. Vincent -| ForLife - + - Le: 4, 6199 =e 1000 =) = 
Earl Nelson : (- - To whom the Title 3,500 - - 
Frances Blizabeth, jot me Earl Nelson shall ae 46 G, 3, c, 146 { E500 = = 
Countess Nelson ; 
-- Toth t Duke 50 G. 3, ¢. 8 - 2,000 - = 
The Duke of Wellington |{ ana tis Succesor {152 G. 3.0.37 - | 2000 - — 
- - To the present Vis- 
Viscount Combermere - (men Title 54G.3,¢e,163 - | 2,000 - - 
7 shall descend - 
Viscount Exmouth, |. - To the Heirs male 
Guardiansof - - fox whom the Tesh 54 G.3,¢,164 - 2,000 - - 
descend 
f - ee 
Lord Seaton 3 ie | me may sueoeed to the 3 V.¢c.11- ° 2,000 - - 
Lord Keane Silat a eee 4V.c1 * “» | 2000 - - 
- ie oe wae 
Lord Hardinge - - te who el 9&10V,c¢, 31 - 3,000 - - 
to the Title - 
- - To the present Vis- 
LordGough - aed 9&10V.c.32- | 2,000 - - 
to the Title 
- - Tothepresent Baron 
Lord Raglan “ {aca He em) 18 & 19 Vc, 64 - 2,000 - —- 
may succeed to the Title 
Lady Raglan + -| VorLite - 18&19V.c.64- | 1,000 - - 
Sir William F, tens, ; 
Bart. - Ser Gee oe 1S & 2O'V, ¢, 80-1) 1,000 —..- 
Sir Henry Marshman 
Havelock, Bart. Sie Gittou seen fre ire 1.060) “2d 
. 21V.c.2 - -{ , 
Lady Havelock - -| - ditto - - - 1,000 - - 
- - Toth +B 
Lord Napier of Magdala {asain fest surviving | 31&32V.c.91- | 2,000 - - 
Heirmale - - = = ——} 42,000 
Carried forward - - - £,]| 199,000 - 


40 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 


— aa nana 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Annuities and Pensions—continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


qT Payable, 
Silt oae oes ae Granted, _ Payment. 


5 d, 
Brought forward - - =|. - SASS : - 199,000 - - 
PENSIONS for PoLITICAL and Crvit SERVICES : 


Viscount Eversley, late Speaker of the ; 
House of Commons =P [For Life] | 20V.c.9 - - 4,000 


Countess of Elgin and Kincardine, 
Widow of the late Governor General 


of India - - - - . [For Life] | 27 & 28 V, c, 31 - 1,000 - - 
Countess of Mayo - ditto - - ditto -| 35 &36 Vic. 56- 1,000 - - 
First Class (Four, at £. 2,000) : 
The Right Hon. Sir George Grey - - - -l\- - - 2,000 - - 
The Bagh Hon. the Earl of Beanehad (suspended) 4 & BW.4,c..24 _ 
The Right Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson > - : 2,000 - - 
The Right Hon. Spencer H. Walpole - - |) * " - 2,000 - — 
Third Class. 
Vice Admiral Lord Clarence E. Paget, Ie First 
Secretary of the Admiralty - - - 4&5W, 4, 0,24 1,200 - - 
Fourth Class: 
Admiral W. A. B. Hamilton, late Peon peeeteiry, 57 G. 3,¢. 65 - 
of the Admiralty - - and 1,000 - - 
4&5W.4,¢.24 
W.G, Romaine, o.B, - ditto - . ee OW. Ere 1,000 - - 


32 & 33 V,c, 60 
Second Class (under Act of 1869) : 


The Right Hon. Charles P. Valier, cag Be oes 
of the Poor Law Board - : « - = 1,200 Es 


The Representatives of Right Hon. Thos. E. Headlam, é 
late Judge Advocate General (1,200. per annum, 32 & 33 V. c. 60 -| | 
less amount of other emoluments, &c.) to 4th t 
December 1875 - - : - - - a a - - 93 15 8 


Representatives of Adam Norris, late Officer of 
Levant Company, vig ape we oe pata 


1853 - - =} 6.G,4,6.:33 9 o- 14464 9 
Glasse, William B., pies a ee late Legge , 
in England - 4W.4,c,15 -/-, 108 - = 
Maberly, William L.,* late Commissioner of Audit - 1,200 - —- 
Macaulay, Charles Z. 4 5 * | bao & 30 V. 6.39 { 1,200 - - 
PSS: est SAS [=| 19,016 — 6 
Pensions for Crvit SeRvices (IRELAND) : ; 
Wiliam Johnston - Late Clerks, Military 2 43 2 8 
Thomas James Quinton -+ Audit Office, Ire- 3 G. 4, ¢ i: 56 Ce BD ye 
Robert Douglas - -) land - . -| . 32 6 - or Gta 


Carried forward. - - + & |218146 9 1 


* In addition to a Superannuation Allowance of 5337, 6s, 8d, per annum, as late Sears to the 
' Post Office, se 


Exchequer Issues.] FOR THE’ YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 4] 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Annuities and Pensions— continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


To Whom Payable. 
Granted, Payment, 


& ss d, &. 8 a, 


Brought forward - - -| - i E - {218,146 9 1 
| Pmnstons for JupicIAn SERVICES (GREAT 
BRITAIN) : * 
Lord Chelmsford, late Lord Chancellor + »|\« - - 5,000 - - 
Lord Cairns - - - - ditto - (suspended) e. 
i 2&3W.4.¢.111 
Lord Hatherley - - - ditto - : . ° 5,000 = —- 
Lord Selborne - - - ditto - : - =|). . . 5,000 - - 
The Right Hon, Sir William Erle, late Trout 
Chief. Justice of the Common Pleas - 3,750 - - 


The Representatives of Right Hon. Sir John 
Taylor Coleridge, late Puisne Judge, pepScReS 
Bench (to 11 February 1876) - ° ° 


The Right Hon. Sir Samuel Martin, ee Barch, 
Court of Exchequer - - 


The Right Hon. Sir John B, Byles, dale gee 
Judge, Common Pleas - - 


The Right Hon. Sir Henry §, Sipe Th late oe 
Judge, Common Pleas = . 


The Right Hon. Lord oa aes J pega of abe 
Court of Probate - 


The Right Hon. Sir R, T. ge Se late Apes 
Chancellor - . 


The Right Hon. Sir John Stuart, late Vice- 
Chancellor (to 29 October 1876) = . . 


John Johnes, late Connty oor oe Ge 19 
August 1876) - - . 


William Walker, late County Court Judge « . 
James H, Blair - + = ditto mosh Meee . 
William Gurdon - - ~ ditto . : 5 
Allan M, Skinner - = ~- ditto 55 i . 
Sir John E. E, Wing Batis ite Conny Cours 


508 13 11 


pease BEE ee en ee ee 
or 
a 
° 
or 


Judge - = - - - 000); -.= 
Henry Stapylton, late County Court Judge -- | 1B & 16 V.c. B4 1,000 == 
Rew Wie ee ditto -7 + + (AS % 29Vac-87!) 1000 = — 
J, B, Parry, late County Court Judge Ce a 

March 1876) - - : ; : De eee 
C. J. Gale, late Eay Cont Fudge gt 5 hi Sng 

1876) = ; : ; 597 16 6 
H, de diloyd, Q.0,"-.-ditto - + e- + l/* - . 1,000 - - 

: \—_——_————— 48578 7 7. 


j 


Carried forward - « - & |266,724 16 8 


* See p, 59 for Annuities to Judges and others of the Courts of Justice, Scotland, 
401. D2 


42 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 
i 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Annuities and Pensions—continued. | 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


To Whom Payable. 
Granted. - Payment. 


es Oe is £. eige 


Brought forward - - -| = = alts - | |266,724 16 8 


Penstons for JUDICIAL SERVICES (IRELAND) : 
The Right Hon. Sir Se Na aD Nees: gs Lary 
Chancellor - - 


The Right Hon. Lord ee ytd late —_ 
Chancellor - - = = 

The Right Hon. James H. Monahan, late Chief 
Justice Common Pleas (from 11 January 1876) 

The Right Hon. Mountifort Longfield; late @ dee 
of Landed Estates Court - 

The Right Hon. Richard Keatinge, late Judge, 
Court of Probate (to 9 February 1876) - - 


Mervyn Stewart, late Second Clerk, or — 
Treasurer’s Remembrancer - - - 


Arthur Bushe, late Master, Court of Queen’s Bench 


John Richard Corballis, late Assistant Bogracet, 
County Kilkenny - - - - 


Robert Tighe, late alin age ney 


: - J 3,692 6 
40 G. 3, c. 69 > 


3,692 6 


40 G3, ¢.69 = 
ee a sf 3,004 6 2 


21 & 22°V. c. 72 - 1,666.13 4 
20 & 21.V. ¢. 79 - 29417 5 


5 & 6 W. 4, c.55 575 10 4 
7&8 V.c. 107 
30 & 31 V..c. 129 Leabae 
- - a 660 - —- 
21 & 22 V.c. 88 


Limerick . - : = - - Mao Oke 
Michael O’Shaughnessy, sais Assistant Barrister, ; : 

County Clare - - : : 2 - | | 21 & 22 V.c. 88 J 933 6 8 
Ditto - - Arrears of Increased Rate of 


33 & 34 V.c. 46 
Pension (200 7. a-year), from 30 May 1872 - 5 ‘ “| 717 11 


7 
————| 17,354 16 2 - 


Pensions for DipLomATic Sur- | Date of Grant. 


VICES :* 
Terrick Hamilton (to 15 os 

tember 1876) - 25 Feb, 1825 if r 5 484 ~ 2 
Right Hon. Sir G. ne Seymou, - : 

G.C.B.y, 2 - 14 April 1848 ‘ 3 y 1,300 - - 
Percy W. Doyle, ¢.B. - 27 Feb. 1858 g Is : a0 
Viscount Stratford de Redolifte, Day) LOLS 

GOB. - 14 Aug. 1833 5 < =o 1786 = = 
Sir Thomas Wathen Waller, Bart, 21 Sept. 1858 - 6 A ANON cee ee 
Hon, G..Edgecumbe - : 18 June 1859 5 < 5 BiG a 
Hon. H. G. ‘Howard - - - | 14 Oct. 1861. 800 om nee 
Sir James Hudson, G.C.B, - - | 31 Aug. 1863 | )2&3W.4,¢.116 1.300% s= 
Sir Alexander Malet, Bart. K.c.B. | 22 Feb, 1867 Togo tis Vie 
The ie gl the Earl eee é 

K.G., D2. iss ge OG ce cs é 1. 700ap= es 
be Peter “Canipbel Scarlett, 8 May 1860 : 

-\| 22 Oct. 1867S = : r 200" rs 
William R. Ward - - | 29 April 1867 | | . A a 700 oe 
Lord Napier and Ettrick, K. T. - | 18 Dec. 1865 | |. 5 5 1,700 += 


22 Feb, 1865 


K.C.B. (£.900) - while holding 


Sir Chas. L. Wyke, Suspended 
Office - 


* ne —| 13,170 - 2 


% Carried forward - - - &. |297,249 13 - 


® 


« By Act 32 & 83 Vict. c. 43, the Salaries and Allowances of the Diplomatic Service were transferred 
from the Consolidated Fund to the annual Civil Service Estimates from April 1869; and all Pensions 
wubsequently granted are similarly provided for, | The Pensions included above are, aan those - 
which were granted prior to April 1869, : 


Exchequer Tesnes.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 43 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Annuities and Pensions—continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


To Whom Payable. 
Granted, Payment. 


£, & d, £. Sas 


Brought forward - - -]| - : - - - 297,249 13 — 
HEREDITARY PENSIONS: 
The Heirs of the Duke of Schom- (Transferred See 
per so) Meee. & from Gross z { ya 
aus in se Bas EN 1,200 - - 
The Earl of Bath - (moiety) 1854 - 
The Heirs and Descendants of William Penn 
(for ever) - - - . - . - | 80G,3,c.46 = 4,000 - - 
~ 6,998 210 
MISCELLANEOUS PENSIONS : 
The Servants of her late Majesty Queen Charlotte | 59 G,3,¢,22 - 310 13 8 
iF his late Majesty George the Third] 1G,4,c,109 « 10 
Pensions formerly on the Civil List of their late 
Majesties George the Fourth and William the 
Fourth, the Hereditary Revenues es Sha 
and 43 per Cent, Duties - - mite Ge Sore Vy Coo, = 9,238 6 4 
————_——_——| 9,559 - - 
MISCELLANEOUS PENSIONS (IRELAND) : 
The Trustees of Mrs, — Hamilton and her t 
Children - - 2s - | 37G,3,¢,62. - 625 - 8 
Persons who suffered by eg set bee in Heplend, 
in 1798 - : ~ -| 40G.3,¢c.49 - 82.6.4 


Pensions formerly on the Civil List, Ireland -| 1&2V.c.95 - | 2,20415 - Bs 
esa sce aed 74 e 


ToTAL AMOUNT issued for ANNUITIES and PENSIONS - - - £, |316,668 17 10 


* One moiety of this Pension, viz., 1,080 7, payable to the Duke of mgt was commuted in 1876. 


[Estimated Charge of the above pees the You 1877- -78, £. 315,000. ] 


44 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 
a arin rnin np eR 


SALARIES AND ALLOWANCES, 


DeraiteD Statement of the Amount issued from the Exchequer, in the Year 
ended 31st March 1877, for Payment of Satartes and A.towances charged on the 
ConsoLiDATED Funp. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 
a Granted Payment, 
Howusn oF COMMONS: CO a & etd 
The Right Honouraile HOR B, ™ Sapo, 
Speaker - - 4&5W,.4,¢c,70 - - - 5,000 - - 


EXCHEQUER AND AUDIT DEPARTMENT: 
Sir William Dunbar, Bart., BS — Au- 


ditor General - . -|)- - - = 2,000. — = 
29 & 30 V.c.39 - 


C, L. Ryan, Assistant Comptroller and Auditor - - 1,500 - - 
3,500 -— = 
ScoTcH CLERGY: 50 G. 3, c, 84 - 
4G,4,¢.79 - 
Augmentation of Stipends to Scotch Clergy . 72 “ - 17,039 19 10 
BG.4,c499 | 
17&18V.c,94 - 
HIGHLAND SCHOOLS, SCOTLAND: 
Allowances to School Boards of certain Prrishes- | 36 & 37 V.c, 83 - - : 899 - - 
Y, mT 4 
CLERGY, WEST INDIES 6G. 4, 0, 88 : 
Salaries of the Heslesiastical Establishment in the 7G.4,¢4 - - . 2 10487 5 — 
West Indies - = A = fe 5 V. Sess, 2, c. 4 - , 
31 & 32 V.c, 120 - 
INSPECTORS OF ANATOMY: 
Charles Hawkins (England) * . - Clg e a) ee 160) ayes 
Dr, Birkett - ~- (ditto) Sn ee aie ~ os - 100 - - 
Incidental Expenses(ditto) =« - « -|\2&3W.4,¢. 75 562 15 4 
Dr, Andrew Wood (Scotland) - - <« «//. = . 106 2 
Incidental Expenses (ditto) »- - - -Jj- ene - AG ae 
— 907 15 4 


x — 


Carried forward - - - #&, | 37,834 -— 2 


at 


| 


401. 


D4 


Exchequer Issues.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318sT MARCH 1877. 45 
DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Salaries and Allowances—continued. 
By what Acts Amounts Issued for 
Granted, Payment, 
: Lo gs Gy £. 8 a 
Brought forward’- »~-| * qtaike . - - 37,834 — 2 
COMPENSATIONS UNDER THE COPYRIGHT ACT: 
The University of Aberdeen . - . -|)- - - - 320 - - 
ne bari of St. Andrew’s = - eo eft = au ie - 630 - - 
e University of Edinburgh  - - . - 575 - - 
The University of Glasgow - . : - Tease 5 Pn Gs BO 707 - - 
King’s Inn Library, seta - - - -|l- . - - 433 6 8 
Sion College - - - -  #|J- . - - 363 15 2 
3,029 1 10 
MISCELLANEOUS: 
Salaries formerly charged on the Hereditary Re- 
venues of Scotland, viz,: 
The High Commissioner to the General As- 
sembly of the Church of Scotland - . . - - 2,000 - - 
The General Assembly, Church of Beotland, 
for Itinerant Preachers’ - - - - - - 2,000 - - 
The Procurator, for Salaries of Officers 
Church of Scotland - - -|\2&3 W, 4, ¢, 116 1,100 - - 
The Office of Heritable shee of Scotland -if- - - - 242 16 — 
Six Trumpeters - - - > ~ - 10018 — 
Hereditary Keeper, Depa Keeper, and 
Porter, Holyrood House - ” . - - 183 5 4 
Officers of the Order of the Thistle - -lJ- . : - 423 10 —- 
6,000 8 4 
The Right Honourable William oe eee skis aa 
of the Tennis Court - - 2&3 W. 4, c, 116 - - : 838 - = 
Charges transferred from the Land Revenues of 
the Crown (vide Rapeowentary: eg ao 467, 
1868) - - - | 29&30V,¢c,62 - - - 6,762 10 2 
IRELAND. . 
LoRD LIEUTENANT: 
His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant - .» -| 2&8W,4,¢,116- - - 20,000 - — 
QUEEN’S COLLEGES : 
Be ee ees) sy omg 
Cork - - - + + = + + +/¢8&9V.c.66 -<| 6,982 3 8 
Galway. - - - : : . . ° |J - . . - l 7,000 — 
; —__————_-—__| 20,982 3 8 
INSPECTORS OF ANATOMY : 
Daniel F. Brady, M.D. Gaslading ' 3002, eeeaee 
_ for Hxpenses)- - . f HOG ge 
2&3W,4,¢,75 .« 
William ga M.D, (Province of Munster) - rt 7 - = Ee 
Carried forward - - - £, | 95,161 4 2 


46 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


[Details of 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Salaries and Allowances—continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 
Granted. - PayMent. 
Ha hs Ae Be hei 
Brought forward - - - - : 95,161 4 2 
IRELAND—continued. 
MISCELLANEOUS : 
Salaries formerly charged on the Civil List, viz, : 
Edward Robertson, Kettle Drnmmer - -|)- = . s| 6116 4 
John T. Down, State Trumpeter - 177 = 
Geo. Edmund Cotter, Clerk ‘of the "State to & 8 W. 4, c. 116 
Paper Office - - - - -|J- - . A 44519 4 
525 2 & 
Allowances to Sundry Persons, viz 
The French Minister at Dundalk - - ~ |) - . é pale vt 
The French Minister at Portarlington - -|/- - - - 43-18 4 
The Rector of the Parish of St. Paul, for : 
attending the Sick in the Barracks of 
Dublin - - - - Fs 1 a = 
* The Vicar of Casienoa in tied ot Tithe and 
Glebe Land in the Phoenix Park, near 
Dublin - - sr ree - 4411 8 
*The Minister of the Parish of St. James, in 
lieu of ditto - - - - - - 10 3 8 
*The Rector of St. Mitchan’s Parish, in lien a 
Minister’s Money for Houses where the 
Courts of Justice are built - - FE Gre iCiae. ene 815 4 
*The Archbishop of Dublin, for Proxies out of 
divers Churches in the See of Dublin -|]- . . = 1516 - 
*The Bishop of Meath, for Proxies out of the 
Manor of Trim - - - - “ 5 18 = 
*The Dean and ia ae Christ Church, 
Dublin - - =f en te ie 39 14 8 
* The Vicars Ghorals of Christ puarch, Dublin ea I ied = : = a fia rare 
The Lord Mayor and Citizens of Dublin -|l- - - - 71411 8 
The Under Librarian at Marsh’s oem 
St. Patrick’s, Dublin - - - - - ° = 96 2 8 
Marquis of Downshire, for Rent of Grout 
near Carrickfergus Castle - - - -})- - - - 13 18 4 
1,045 7 § 
Compensation to Weighmaster of Butter, viz 
Caleb Tyndall - - - - - - | 10G. 4,¢, 41 - - tm « 18 \6ues 
ToTAL AMOUNT issued for SALARIES and ALLOWANCES - - - £,| 96,850 - 6 


* Now payable to the Irish Church Temporalities Commission, 


[Estimated Charge of the above for the Year 1877-78, £. 95,250. | 


ay 


Exchequer Issues, ] FOR TH YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 47 


COURTS OF JUSTICE. 


_ Deraizep Statement of the Amount issued from the Exchequer, in the Year ended 
|. 81st March 1877, for Payment of Salaries and Compensations tv Orricers of Courts 
of Justicr, charged on the ConsoxrpatEp Funp. 


To Whom Payable. By what Acts * Amounts Issued for 
Granted. | Payment. 


GREAT BRITAIN. een oor Fae ay 


SALARIES, 


LoRDs oF APPEAL IN ORDINARY: 


Rt, Hon. Lord Blackburn, aay 1 a ret, ES 
6,0002, per annum - - 39&40V.¢c,59 - 1a 18) 7 


Rt. Hon. Lord Gordon, ee t NG ara, a 


6,000 7, pe annum - ” D - 1,137 18 7 
pee a ah! OTL Tae 
JuprcraL ComMrrrEn of Privy CouncrL: 
The Right Hon, Sir James W, Colvile- - -/|34&85V.c.91 -| *3,500 - - 
The Right Hon. Sir Montague Edward Smith - Ee ee ere eOOG ae. S 
The Rt. Hon Sir Robert P, Collier . - . Ke . - 5,000 - —- 
The Right Hon. Sir Barnes Peacock - - - . " - | +3,000 - - 
|| AG OOO mates 
SUPREME COURT of JUDICATURE ; 
Hur MaAgzsty’s Court of “APPEAL 
Right Hon, Sir Wm, James - Lord Justice - ose so tb 6,000 =» = 
Right Hon, Sir George Mellish ditto - - -| 6,000 - - 
Right Hon, Sir R. Baggallay - Justice of Appeal | 38&39V.c.77 - 5,000 - —- 
Right Hon, Sir W. W. Bramwell 
(from 1 Noy, 1876) - ditto - -|39&40V.c,59 - 948 5 6 
Right Hon. Sir W. B, Brett : 
(from 1 Noy. 1876) - - ditto - - * Wei 948 5 6 E 
Right Hon. Sir R. Amphlett . 
(from 1 Nov, 1876) - - ditto - - iy p : 948 5 6 
Grmcmmmmecceeneman (ie ereies ANY Al 


Carried forward - - - S| 3862013 8 


* In addition to a pension of 1,500/, per annum from Indian Revenues, 
t Ditto - - ditto.- - 2,000" i, + ditto- - ~- ditto, 


401. 


48 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 
LL 


DeraiLup Statemunt of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &ce.—continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


To Whom Payable, 
Granted, Payment, 


£ 8 d. , Rinsing 


Brought forward - - -| « <8 eee - 38,620 13 8 


GREAT BRITAIN—continued, 
Salaries —continued, 


Suprumy Court of JUDICATURE : 
Herr MAsusry’s Hiram Courr of Jusrion: 
Chancery Division. 


Right Ton, Lord Cairns, 
Lord Chancellor - - President  - - 


[15 &16V. 0.87, and 
L 86 & 87 Vic, 66 | * 91000, = - 


14&165 V.c. 88, and : 
{ 36 & 87 V.c. 66 f| 000 


15& 16 V. ¢, 87, 86 


Right Fon, Sir George Jessel - Master of the Rolls 


—_" 


Sir Richard Malins = - - Vice Chancellor - & 37 V.c, 66, and 5,000 - = 
38 & 89 V. c, 77 

Sir James Bacon -« - - ditto - . "3 A mil “B]OOO’ “xs “en 

” ” oS 5,000 aS a 


Sir Charles Hall « - . ditto ” . 
214000 Ser 
Queen's Bench Division, 

Right Won, Sir Alex, J. Tl, Cockburn 
Bart., Lord Chief Justice - é President f a ieee a 8j000)< ar: = 


f2&3 W. 4, c. 116, 


Sir Colin Blackburn (to 81 Oct, 1876)~ Judge + | and 36 &87V 667) 4051 14 6 | 


Ditto ~ - ~ ‘Termly Fee, due Haster and 
“sae —* 1876 -|88&89V.c77 . - 120 — - 
Sir John Mellor - . - Judge - | 86&87V.c,66 - 5,000 - - 
Sir Robert Lush « - - + ditto - “" 4 . 5,000 - - ; 
Sir John R. Quain (to 12 Bept. 6 ga ditto - ” " -| 3,389 8 6 
Sir Wm, Wield - - = ditto - * 7 b 6000" =" ar 
Sir Henry Manisty (from 81 Oct, 1876) ditto - t i . 962 12 10 
Sir Sail (Pe hn cad hid Noy, 1876) ditto - 9 ” - +901 FB ci 
Henry G, Hodgson ~ - + Master | 29&80V.c,101 -| 1,500 - = ; 
John Unthank - - - - - ditto ” 9 - 1,500 —- — a 
J. H. Brewer - - - - - ditto - ” hy > 1,800) as ; 
Charles M, Smith - - - - ditto - i + - 1,800 a 4 
George James P, Smith - - ditto - ”» is if: DBO! ati tag 
39,124 138 10 
} Common Pleas Division, ‘ 
Right Hon, Lord Coleridge, Lord Chief , L 
Justice, Common Pleas - . - President (a6 af wee ry agi 
Sir W. B. Brett Cio 81 Oct. saglle - Judge + | 86&37V.c, 66 - 6 f 
Sir W. R. Grove- + - ditto « Fr ff « a 
Hon. G. Denman. - ditto + Ly in . a i 
Sir Thomas D, Archibald (to 18 Oct, 1876) ditto + 9 if . 0 
Sir Nathaniel Lindley - - ditto - i . a ae ’ 
Bir H.C. Lopes ~ = - . - ditto + is is . 4 
Carried forward - + + & | 80,778 14 8 |104,745 7 6 


“In ad dition to 4,000, per annum, provided for in the Grant for House of Lords Offices (Civil Services» 
Class II. 

t This tee ceased, om the appointment, of Lord Blackburn to be Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, vide s, 29 \ 
of 88 & 89 Vict, ¢, 7 

{ Mr, Justice Hawkins was ys to the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court onthe 2nd Noyem- _ j 
ber, and transferred to the Exchequer Division on tha 16th November 1876, 4 


Exchequer Issues.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 49 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continued. 


To wilde Payable. By what Acts Amounts Issued for 
Granted, Payment. 
£8. a. & a a. 
' Brought forward - - -| - : : - | 80,778 14 8 |104,745 7 6 
GREAT BRITAIN—continued, 
Salaries—continued, 
SUPREME CouRT of JUDICATURE—cont@, 
Her Masusry’s Hieu Court of Jusrice—cont4, 
Common Pleas Division—continued, 
Master : 
John Gordon ~{Reistiar of Indgments | 29.& 80 V.c, 101 - 2,000 - - 
Julius T. Airey - - - Master - i el enn b500 2 
Wm. M. Benett - . - : - ditto - ” ” : ee 
Joseph Kaye - + = -+ = ditto - 4% BY HEEO0) « ee 
Hassard H, Dodgson - + + = ditto - ” ” ; : 38,778 14 8 
Exchequer Division. 
c at, Lord Chief Baron \| [2 & 3 W. 4, c. 116 
Right Hon, Sir Fitzroy Kelly{ and President -f\{and36 & 37 V.c.66 7,000 - — 
Sir Geo, W. W. Bramwell (to31 Oct. #078) Baron -| 36&37V.c.66 -| 4,051 14 6 
Sir Anthony Cleasby - - - ditto « fr + -| 5,000 - —- 
Sir Charles E, Pollock - - ditto - cf re -| 5,000 - = 
Sir Richard P, Amphlett (to31 Oct. ve) ditto - 3 * . 4,051 14 6 
Sir John W. Huddleston’ - ditto - 9 % -| 6,000 - - 
Sir Henry Hawkins (from 16 Nov. 187 6) - - fs " -| *732 15 2 
7 Master - 
Sir Wm. F, Pollock, Bart. ee anetiadeay 29 & 30V.c.101 -| 2,000 - - 
Geo. F. Pollock - - - . - Master - 7 S - 1,500 - - 
M, H. Johnson - - - - - ditto - * ” - 1,500 - — 
C.H. Walton - - ms Js - ditto - rh . -| 1,200 - - 
Hon. R. Butler - : - - - ditto - sy i -| 1,200 - - 
38,236 4 
Probate, Divorce, and Admiralty Disision; 
Right Hon. Sir James Hannen, Judge, President - | 836&87V.c.66 - 5,000 - - 
Right Hon, Sir R, J. Phillimore, Judge : - Ks rs - 5,000 - —- 
10,000 - = 
Court of BANKRUPTCY : 
Sir James Bacon, Chief Judge [Receives salary | -yo94 106, and 
only as Judge of Supreme Court] - - 39. & mee me a ‘ —_ a 
MIDDLESEX COURT of SESSIONS : 
Peter H. Edlin, Q.c., the Assistant Judget - -|87V.c7 + «| = “ 750 = — 
Carried forward - - - &, - - 192,510 6 4 


*Mr. Justice Hawkins was appointed to the Queen’s Bench Division of High Court on the 2nd November, 
and transferred to the Exchequer Division on the 16th November 1876. 
} The Assistant Judge also receives 7507, per annum from the County, under 37 Vict. c. 7. 


1} iil : 


50 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


- [Details of 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continued. 


ts Issued for 
To Whom Payable, By what Acts anacte 3 Issue 
Granted. Payment. 
. £. sd. #. 5 8 ds 
Brought forward -—-—-=} = ne : 2 192,510 6 4 


GREAT BRITAIN—continued. 
Salaries—continued. 


JuDGES of CounTy COURTS: 
Atkinson, H. Tindal, Q.c,  - - - - -{|)- - - - 1,500 - 


Abdy, John Thos, : - - - =e cathe - -- - 1,500 - 
Barrow, Francis (from 23 eae 187 2 - -||- - - - 533 19 
Bayley, Francis - - - -l|}- - : - 1,800 — 
Beales, Edmond - - - : : : -}]e- - - - 1,500 —- 
Bedwell, Francis A, - - - - - -|/- - - - 1,500 — 
Bere, Montague, Q.c. - - : . - : - - - - 1,500  - 
Bradshaw, Thos, Jos, - - - - . -|l- - : - 1,500 - 
Caillard, C. F. D. - - ° - -||- - - - 1,500 - 
Cole, H. W., Q.C. fo Fane 1876) - : =|]. . - - 704 13 
Collier, J. - - - : -|]- . . - 1,500 - 
Cooke, William H, QC: - - - : - - - . - 1,500. —- 
Cox, Homersham - : : - - -||- - - - 1,500 —- 


Daniel WT Bi= eek bee Sa RN Ae or) a a a a 
Dasent, J. B. - - . - - - -|[/- : - - 1,500 —- 


Ellison, Thomas - - - - - : e]l- - - - 1,500 - 


Falconer, Thomas - - - - . -|/- . : - 1,800 - 
Fortescue, Matthew - - - - - -|/- - : - 1,500 —- 
Furner, William - : - : . . -|{ 19 & 20 V.c. 108 - 1,650 - 
Fisher, R. A. - - - - - - - | (20 & 21 V.c. 86 - 1,500 - 
Foulkes, W. W. - - - - - - - || 28 &29 Vic. 99 - 1,500 —- 
Giffard, J.W. Del. - - - . - -|/- - - - 1,500 —- 
Harington, Richard - - - - - el]. - - - 1,506 — 
Herbert, J. M. - - - - - - el/|- - - - 1,500 —- 
Hulton, William Adam - - - - -|/- - - - 1,500 — 
Hutton, Crompton = - - =|. - - - 1,500 - 


Henniker, A, oer Deputy Judge sa to 22 mae: 
BF): Sia oh Pie SE RE 69 5 


Ingham, T. Hastings - - - - - -{|- - - - 1,500 —- 


Kettle, Rupert Alfred - - - - : -||- - - - 1500 - 
Leonard, Patrick M. - - - - ° -||- - - - 1,500 - 
Lefroy, T. E. 8. - - - - - . -|]- - - - 1,500 - 
Lonsdale, J.J. - . - - - - =| [- - Sh eRe 1,500 - 
Lloyd, Horatio - - - : . ane Oh a Dh - 1,500 - 
‘Martineau, A. -  - ee] le a Bre - 1,500 - 
Miller, Mr. Serjeant R. (to 5 Angust 1876) - -|/- - : - 896 14 
Meynell, Edgar J. - - -|l- - - - 1,500 - 
Motteram, J, Q.c. (from 20 June 1876) . efi. - - - 795: 16 
Petersdorff, Mr. Serjeant C. - - - -{|- - - - 1,500 - 


Price; Bawa P,)'QiCe ce ere te eS ete > 1,500 — 


Carried forward - - - & | 54,749 19 


as 


ee ee ee 


| reat | hee | Ot Ea ream} 


ll 


192,510 6 4 


Exchequer Issues.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 51 


DnrarLep STATEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &e.—continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


To Whom Payable. 
Granted. Payment. 


Ge 8k a: &, &: ds 


Brought forward - + 54,749 19 11 |192,510 6 4 


GREAT BRITAIN—continued, 


Salaries—continued, 


Judges of County Courts—continued. 


Riddell, Sir Walter B. - - - - -|)- - - - 1,500 - - 
Russell, George - - - . - - -||- - - - 1,500 - —- 
Russell, George Lake - - * - : -||- - : - 1,500 -— = 
Russell, JI, A. : : : : ° e||- - : - 1,500 - —- 
Smith, Josiah William - . : : -|/- - - : 1,500 - - 
Spooner, William : - : - : -|/- - - - 1,500 - - 
Stephen, James, LL.D.” - - - . - - - - - »00 - - 
Stonor, Henry James - - : - - Seis : - - 1,500 - - 
Sumner, Charles - - - : - - -||- : : - 1,500 - —- 
Taylor, John Pitt - - : : : - || 19 & 20 V. c. 108 1,800 -— - 
Terrell, T. H. — - - - - - - - | )20 & 21 V. c. 36 1,500 - — 
Thompson, T.P. HE, - : so oe « 7 | | 28. -& 29,9. ¢, 99 1,500 - - 
Turner, H.R. - - - - : - -||- : - - 1,500 - - 
Wheeler, Dr. Thomas - - : . : -|]- : : - 1,500 - - 
Whitbread, Gordon - - - - - -{|- - - - 1,500 - —- 
Whigham, B ames - . - =|] : : : 1,500 -— - 
Whitmore, Charles Shapland . - SE etic - : : 1,500 - — 
Wildman, Richard - - - - -||- - - : 1,500 - —- 
* Worlledge, John - - - - : -||- - - - 1,500 - — 
Woodforde, W. Ffooks : : : - e||- - : - 1,500 - - 
Yates, Joseph St, John - - . : -|)- - : -\ 1,800 - - 
86,849 19 11 
POLICE COURTS: 
Magistrates, Police Courts of the Metropolis (one 
at £.1,800, and 22 at £.1,500 peranntum) -| 38V.c3 - : 34,800 - —- 
Francis E. Guise, Stipendiary a fe 
Chatham and Sheerness - - 30 & 31 V.c, 63 - 700 - - 
————]| 35,500 - - 
COMPENSATIONS. 
CouRT OF CHANCERY: ’ 
Frederick Newman Appleyard, Cursitor - 11 G.4,&1W. 4, c.58 210: 17.8 
Richard Hall Appleyard, Cursitor ce ee ae, 1876) 3 "9 - 42 8 4 
Cursitor - - 230 18 4 
Philip P ensam Gusto Cursitor - : : 5 & 6 W. 4, c. 82 170 - - 
d 15 & 16 V.c. 87 - zi 
John Holdship, Chaff Wax - - - - 9&10V.c.95 - 1,145 11 - 
; 11 G.4,&1W.4,¢. 58 
Samuel Hollyer, Deputy Sealer -— - : 15 & 16 V.c. 87 - 209 - - ; 
j } 2,008 15 4 


Carried forward - - - &, |316,869 1 7 


401. 


a2 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 
einem EE 
DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continued. 
ee et ee el a er 
By what Acts Amounts Issued for 
Granted, j Payment. 
a at a 
£ 8% ad go) ve 
Brought forward - - -| - ph Fe te - {316,869 1 7 


GREAT BRITAIN—continued. 


To Whom Payable. 


Compensations—continued, 
COURT OF QUEEN’S BENCH: 


Oxford and Western 


Hon. Edward Kenyon, Circuits - 7 W. 4, &1V.c. 30 252 - - 
Clerk, Nisi Prius -) City of, London and 
other Cities - : # 5 : 11210 - 
George Symonds - - Bag-bearer to the Case: 
Brevium - : Fe , . 7 - - 
Hon. H, Spencer Law - Clerk of the Docquets - a ‘Nee ee 450 - - 
William Belt : - Sworn Clerk in Court, 
Examiner, Calender 
Keeper, and Clerk of 
Grand Juriesin Crown 
Office : - - 7, Hf ° 6386 4 4 


Duke of Grafton - - Comptroller of the Seals 
in the Courts of 
Queen’s Bench and 
Common Pleas - -| 8&9V.ca34 - CY bs ao 
 eapepeiceeeneeiecpeect|! Gta O LOMA eae 


Court oF COMMON PLEAS: 


Custos Brevium - 7W. 4,&1V.e, 30 803 6 = 
For loss of right ae 

appointment to the 

office of Second Pro- 

thonotary (one moiety) 5 > : 402 10 - 
For loss of right of ap- 

pointment of Second 

Secondary(one moiety) x * - 5). 3.48 
For. loss of appoint- 

ment of Clerk of the 

Juries (one moiety) - a s Site aed 


Custos Brevium - - i. = $03, 5. = 
For loss of right of 
appointment to the 7 
office of Second Pro- 
Sir William Eden, Bart. Hr les oh eee " Tee 
Gapememry) “|  pointment of Second 
Secondary(onemoiety) i snes 
For loss of appoint- 
ment of Clerk of the 


Sir Pyers Mostyn, Bart. 
(in perpetuity) - 


Juries (one moiety) - ew 
Charles W, ak ide Glerk, ae api — 
Prison - 5 VY, Sess, 2, c, 22 
John Speed Davis, Paymaster of Poor Prisoners - a e - 
1,674 7 4 


Carried forward - - - &, |320,854 3 3 


as 


Exchequer Issues.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 53 


DeEtaiLeD STaTEMpNT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


To Whom Payable. 
Granted. Payment, 


eo Shs z & Gd 
Brought forward - = -| - - - - - - |320,854 3 3 


GREAT BRITAIN—continued. 
Compensations—continued. 
CoURT OF EXCHEQUER: 


Hugh Wood, Sworn Clerk, Queen’s Remem- 


prancer’s Office (to 23 October 187 6) - -| 7W.4,&1V.¢. 30 110 12 68 
William Gatty, Side Clerk, pecan s Dene , 
brancer’s Office - es T7445 = 
Francis Henry shy Queen’ Ss Remembrancer’s 8 
Office x b caaas ” 46 9.- 
Frank Milne, Queen’s Remembrancer’ 8 Office - “3 4 Soa aes 
C, Meredith, Sworn and Side Clerk - - - | 11G.4,&1W.4,¢.58 58 10 — 
C. Panton - - : sg aes 
Cerca Gn perpeinity) yOmes ofthe Pipe| Be4W.4c90-{| 25 5 5 
Richard Rouse Ellicombe, Assistant ge Pro- 
clamator and Usher - -| 15:&16V.c, 73 - (oy ar 
Richard Rouse Ellicomhe, Patent Messenger - a A 93.18 4 
Edward Simon i ea ce sed Messenger es 
South Wales - - A , 5 1318 4 
: : —_ 705 19 9 
COURTS OF REQUESTS : 
Arnold, David - - Bailiff, St. Albans -\\- 2 : = 1019 8 
Ashbrooke, Thomas - Clerk, Treasurer’s Office, 
Liverpool - = hh « = ~ 73 6 8 
Bales, John- - - Serjeant, Yarmouth - || - Sn = 11) ap 
Barker, Robert -  - Clerk, Sheffield - -/j||- E : ‘ 16613 4 
Bourne, Henry Titus - Clerk, Alford - -||- Sunt 2218 8 
Emmerson, R, Joynes - Clerk, eee - aries z ~ 2 es oe 
Flather, Thomas - - Bailiff, Pontefract =|}. = - = (| Ao 
Foster, Jeremiah - - Execution Sa ss Mid- 
dlesex - - = é e ~ od Rae 
Goff, William - - Beadle, Brixton s Se = 3 a 6013 4 
Grapes, George - - Bailiff, Isle of Wight - | | - - 5 = ip eves 
Greenwood, William - ditto Eccleshall - 9&10V. ¢. 95 110 8 - 
Gregory, John - - ditto Tower Hamlets | ( - s E : nN 8y Mee 
Guest,John- - <- Clerk, Birmingham - || - : “ Wp) een 
Harris, William Silk - Clerk, Liverpool - Saale 5 5 3 6613 4 
Heath, D. D. - - County Clerk, Middle- 
sex. = - -}|- . - Ale S100. = 
Jewison, Thomas- - Bailiff, Pontefract Se eee s 99 14 4 
Keene, Frederick - Serjeant, Southwark - || - Sh en - 45 11 - 
Keilor, John -- - ditto Southwark - || - af ets = 71912 - 
Lane, Samuel - =" Bailiff, Westbury ~-}|- - - —- 16°2 - 
‘Livick, James - ~~ ditto Ramsgate -|)- aries . 1210 2 


Carried forward - - - &.| 4,75115 4 {321,560 3 - 


401. 


54. FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 
QQ eee 


DETAILED StaTEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &¢.—continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


To Whom Payable. 
Granted, Payment. 


e Rage ae 2. (Ree 
Brought forward - - -| + - o> 4,781 WG. 4 1 321,560 BS 


GREAT BRITAIN—continued. 
Compensations—continued. 


Courts of Requests—continued. 


Mawer, Joseph - - Serjeant, Sibsey - -|\- : : - 22 13 4 
_ Mayfield, Joseph - - ditto Oldbury -|]- - os - 7212 8 
Merrefield, William - Beadle, Kidderminster | | - - -. - 6610 4 
Molyneux, Hon. F. G.- Clerk, Manchester -|/- - - : 148 17 4 
Parker, John - - Judge, Sheffield - -|f- - . . 1,239 4 - 
Pollock, L. A. - Clerk, Ramsgate - =| fe - ° - 2516 - 
Prinn, Richard - - Serjeant, Shrewsbury - | | - - : - 2710 8 
Roberts, James - - Bailiff, Liverpool -||- : - - 52 - - 
Smilter,W. LL. - - ditto Sheffield, and 
Deputy - - -|\- re -/- 576 - - 
Sharp, George - - Beadle, Tower Hamlets | /9&10V.c.95 - 6613 4 
Spring, Jonathan - Serjeant, Brige - ei fe : : - 14:13 4 
Swift, Charles - - Bailiff, Beverley - -}/- - : - 1613 4 
Towl, Thomas - - Serjeant, Burgh - -|f- - - - Wl 7 - 
Webb, John : - ditto Dartford -|l- - - - 46 - 8 
Whieldon, Isaac - - Execution Officer, Mid- 
dlesex (to 21 April 
1876) - - -|/- : : : 27 15 8 
Wilkins, George - - Clerk, Warminster e|l- = . - 49 =.= 
Willis, John Needs - Clerk, Bath - - -||- . . - 100s ais 
Wright, Jonathan - Bailiff, Pontefract -|/- : - - 31-1 4 
7,337 4 4 
Jeffreys, J G. - - Registrar, Swansea -|)7&8V.c.96 - 1714 6 
Gully, John Geo. - - ditto Exeter Borough |49%10V.¢c.95 - 
Gaol one ie os 7 Ae Ve ate 73.1% 1 
SSS 96 11-7 
MARSHALSEA PRISON : 
Rey. Henry Collison, Chaplam - - - -| 5 Y, Sess.2, c. 22 - - $6 3 
MARSHALSEA COURT: ; 
James Dolman - . - Attorney - -l)- - - - DOA es yas 
Mark Shepard - - : ditto - - -|/- - : . ABB ia = 
John Pinner - - - Bailiff or Officer - || - - - - 51 - - 
Henry Herrick - - - ditto - Cities . = A Baw sas 
George Kirby - - - ditto - -|/- - - : Ol) es 
George Simmons - - ditto - - | }12.&13V.¢.101 - 28 - = 
John Griffiths, junior - - ditto - -|]- . . « SOS 
Frederick W. Adams - : ditto - sie - o = eee 
Aaron Johnson - : - ditto : -|[- : e « Df) st 
William Stone - : - ditto : -||- : : = BO taari 
William Corrie - - - Deputy Judge ~«|/- - - - 70) ee 
1,482 - - 


Carried forward - - - &. | 330,461 18 11 


at 


Exchequer Issues.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 55 
ST EE 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


To Whom Payable. 
Granted. Payment. 


es Sa as £. 35 =de 
Brought forward - = +] « «8 - = : 330,461 18 11 
| GREAT BRITAIN—continued. 

Compensations—continued. 


For LOSS of POST FINES: 


Canterbury - -|)° =- <= : 2219 6 
York - syle - : - 10 16 10 
Bath and, Wells all aie ~ - - 38 19 - 
The Ecclesiastical Commis- | Durham - - Te Oe 
sioners for England in( Ely - - - Bee oe ede 3414 8 
respect of the Sees of - | London - - 10.1, 5 
Rochester + -|l- - : - 615 6 
Salisbury - «||- : : - tose Beni f 
Winchester * e|/J- - * : 614 1] 
Sir Thomas Edward Colebrooke, Bart. ew ie Speke : 6015 - 
The Marquis of Salisbury - = -* e« <«/|{- ait 4: : 410 - 
The Corporation of New Windsor - oa laa : 110 4 
William George Tyssen Daniel lig os now L 
Wm. Geo, Tyssen Amhurst —- Piles ne es %, 95 = 
Sir Edward Hulse, Bart, - = - . it i 10 4 6 
The Duke of Norfolk . . . e 4 . i 56 co 2 
Earl of Powis - - : ° 3 ney eel A's 318 8 
—— 28416 5 
ECCLESIASTICAL AND PREROGATIVE COURTS: 
Compensations to Officers of the late Ecclesiasti- > 
cal, Royal Peculiar and other Testamentary ' 
Courts in England and Ireland ant 20&21V.ce.77and79| = = 65,241 3 6 
1241.9s.paidin Ireland) - - . +, 
MISCELLANEOUS : 
Abraham Cann, peek Court of Record, ; | { 
Honor of Peveril - -|12&13V.c.101 - 3 - --| 
a as aah Bailiff, Court of Oftow, Statford- 
: bes i - 3518 - 
Henry Buda, Bailiff, Come of Oftow, Stafford. 
shire 43 - 8 
William Skellett, Bailiff, Court of Hemlingford, 16 & 16 V.¢. 64 - 
Warwickshire - - : 5 . - 3118 4 
Robert Whiteby Nevill, Steward, Coat of Hem- 
lingford, Warwickshire - . - . « B 62 6 - 
J. W. R. Wilson, Cursitor, Court of Chancery, 
County Palatine of Pee tr (to 10 October { 
1875) « - | 511G.4&1W.4,¢.58 56 5 5 
C; B. Walker, Crasitor, Cohrt of Chancery, County | 
Palatine of Lancaster. _ - 7211 6 
414 19 11 | 


396,402 18 @ 


401. E 


a3 
x 


cet 


56 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of. 
RS ES BRS SS a 


Dertartep Statement of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &.—continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


To Whom Payable. ‘ 
Granted. Payment, 
a ee 
CATE 8 £8. ea 
Brought forward - - -| - = ame > .-~ = | 896,402 18 99m 
GREAT BRITAIN—continued. 
COURTS or JUSTICE ry SCOTLAND: i 
SALARIES : A 
The Right Hon. John Inglis, Lord q 
Justice General, and President - |- «| - - - - 4,800 - —- ; 
The Right Hon, Lord Moncreiff, Lord 
Justice Clerk and President of the 
Second Division - - - -|- -| * - - - 4,500 - — 
Sir George Deas - - - Judge -|- - | re - 8,000 - = 
Charles Neaves, Judge, (to 23 December i 
TOTE) Glo ae eee ee Sa =) Shiites Se) Maha ea ars ag ! 
‘James Crawfurd, of Ardmillan, Judge 50 G. 3... 81 a 
(to 7 September 1876) - - - \ Court of 2&3V ie 36 2,062 10 — 
Robert Macfarlane, of Ormidale, Judge - { Session Wk By. 94 5 3,000 - — 
David Mure = - - - @itte -|- . SOE LAN: ABRAM Bs ¥ 
Adam Gifford + - - ditto -] - -[ - - - 3,000 - — : 
Alex. Burns Shand - - ditto -|’- -| = - - . 8,000 - —- 
Right Hon. George Young - ditto -| - -| = - - - 8,000 - — 
John Millar, of Craighill - ditto -|- -| - - - - 8,000 - - 
John Marshall, of Curriehill- ditto - | - -[o- - - - 3,000 - — ti 
Rutherford Clark - + ditto - |= =| - ae ge - 3,000 - - : 
James Adam, at 3,000/. per annum, : ‘ 
Judge (from 27 November 1876) -7- -| - ps : 285 6 6 
z rs ——| 41,582 12 2 
H (0) TIES : 
SHERIFFS OF COUNTI ; 16 & 17 ¥. «80, 
John Guthrie Smith ~- | AberdeenandKinecardine|y 83 & 34 V. c. 86, 812 10 - ; 
and 39 & 40 Vic. 70 ; ; 
Alexander Forbes Irvine | Argyll - . - F 700.- - 
Neil 0. Campbell - {Ayr -  - ~- 2. [pl6&17V.c.80 -, { 700 pee | 
Benjamin R, Bell - | Banff, Elgin, and Nairn | 16& - Me eG; hee 700 - = 
Caithness, Orkney, and |{16&17 V.¢. 80, an 
George Hunter Thoms { Wetland. = v : 33 & 34 V.c. 86 - \ 700 - - 
16 & 17 V. c. 80 5 4d 
Mark Napier = - - | Dumfries and Galloway |5 33.& 84 V. c. 86, s, 7, 675 - - 
and 39 & 40 V.¢.701J 
James Arthur Crichton |Fife + - - =|)+ 7 ie - 725 - = 4 
Frederick L. M, Heriot (eee - - - -~ || - - - - 1,000 - - a 
William Ivory - - verness - - - 700 - - ‘ 
William Gillespie Dick- 16 & 17 Vc. 80» 
son (to 19 October . ‘ 
1876) - - - | Lanark - . -lj- - - =a?) “Wh B0R AB 2 1 ie 
Francis W. Clark (from “ft { 
1 Dec. 1876) - - | aero = - - | 16&17 V.c. 80 “FALGGE 9! 16 
inlithgow, Clackman- = 
George Monro - - nan, oa d inease 16&17 V.cc. 80 & 92 650 - = ; 
F ; Midlothian and Had- |16& 17 V.c. 80, and f 
Archibald Davidson -{ Mactan eee tee } 1,700): cic ; 
George Napier - - | Peebles =p Sis -| 16&17V.¢.80 - 500 - — 
q 
i Perth, and a Member of 
James Adam (to 26No-, the Board of Super- || 16 &17 V.¢.80,and 814 8 
vember 1876) - | vision for the Relief 30 & 81 V. c, 101 Ei 
é of the Poor - - F 


Carried forward - - - &, | 12,148 12 8 | 487,985 10 11 


* The salaries of Sheriffs and Sheriffs Substitutes, &c., were transferred to the Consolidated Fund, from 3 
the gross revenues, by Act 17 & 18 Vict. c. 94. Additions to the salaries of Sheriffs of united counties 
were, under Section 11 of the 33 & 84 Vict, c, 86, paid out of voted monies, but under Section 58 of 

f 


Exchequer Issues.} "OR THE YEAR ENDED 3lsT MARCH 1877. 57 
Derartep StaTEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continued. 
A Issued f 
B t Act Amount ed for 
io Wier Payable, y what Acts ounts Issu 
Granted, Payment, 
| 
#3) ds £8 cd: 
Brought forward + -» -| - - - - 12,148 12 8 |437,985 10 11 
. GREAT BRITAIN—continued, 
CouRTtS of JUSTICE in ScoTLAND—continued, 
Salaries—continued, 
* Sheriffs of Counties—continued, 
| Renfrew and Bute, and |)16 & 17 V. «. 3e| 
: a Member of the Board 33 & 34 V.c. 86 * 
Patrick. Nraser - = of Supervision for the and 39 & 40 V. af pu Oy 
Relief of the Poor - c. 70 - - 
Ross, Cromarty, and 
Sutherland, and a BG 8 U7. Win Ce 80, 
Jobn H. A, Macdonald Mewsikor of the Booka 33 & 34 V. Wine SO 780 14° 1 
(to 1 Dec. 1876) - "We covicion dos do if, and. 89 & 46 0. 
of Supervision for the Sere i 
Relief of Poor - - Z 
oe fon, 33 cc. 80 & 
: Roxburgh, Berwick, an 92, 33 & 34 VY. 
George H. Pattison - Galkirk ti, - |) ¢. 86, and 39 & 40 675 - = 
| Wiis 10s = 
TG Ute Vire, a0) 
ner 33 & 34 V. c. 86 
RobertLee - - - | Stirling and Dumbarton and 39 & 40 V. “f 687 10 - 
: e. 70 - - 
. Treasury Letter, 24 
George Monro - - | Convener of the Sheriffs Nawcinbar 1s66 - 50 - - 
John McLaren - - | Sheriff of Chancery +|17&18V.c,72 - 500 - - 
15,679 6 9 
* SHERIFFS SUBSTITUTES: 
John C, Thomson Aberdeen and Kincardine] 16 & 17 V.c.80 - 1,000 - - 
John D. Wilson - Aberdeen and Kincardine] (33 & 34 V.c. 86 - 1,000 - - 
Wm. A. Orr Paterson, - , Ayrshire—Ayr - oly LG. Ge-17 Wee 80 = 800 - — 
Thomas Anderson - a Kilmarnock 3 A - 800 - - 
Argyllshire : 
James Gardiner - - Campbeltown ~+ - ¥5 rs - 500 - - 
Sir George Home, Bart. | - Inverary - - - Ee m1 - 650 - = 
Hugh Ross - - - Tobermory . - 0 ‘5 - 525 - - 
James Gordon - - | Banff - - ° - " rn - 550 - - 
George Dickson - - | Berwick - = - a 1 - 650 -— — 
Robert Orr - - -| Bute - a 6 : y 5 - 525 = y= 
Hamilton Russel - - | Caithness - - - ‘ i - 600 - = 
William B. Clark (to 
21 July 1876) - - | Clackmannan - - 3 » 292, 9 2 
William ©. Steel - - | Dumbarton - : : in 7 » 600. - = 
Dayid B Hope - - | Dumfries - . - is ‘s > 800 ~ - 
Frederick Hallard - | Edinburgh - - + 1116 &17V.c. 80, and 1,300 - — 
Hubert Hamilton - | Edinburgh - - - 27 & 28 V. c. 106 1,100 - - 
Francis Gebbie (Acting) 
(from 5 August to 
30. December 1875) - | Edinburgh - - -|16&17V,¢c,80 - 281 10 5 
Donald M.'Smith - | Elgin - .. - . % - 600. - — 
Andrew B. Bell - - Bifeshire—Cupar - i. ey - 700 -— ~ 
2 Carried forward - - - &. | 13,273 19 7 | 453,664 17 8 © 


| 
39 & 40 Vict. c, 70, were charged on the Consolidated Fund from the lst October 1876, The following sums, 
_ being the additions for one quarter, are included in the above amounts, viz., John Guthrie Smith, 627. 10s. ; 
Mark Napier, 757, ; Patrick Fraser, 377. 10s, ; George H. Pattison, 257. ; and Robert Lee, 377. 10s. 
401, E2 


58 


FINANCE ACCOUTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


[Details of 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continued. 


To Whom Payable. 


By what Acts 
Granted. 


Brought forward 


GREAT BRITAIN—continued. 

Courts of Justicn in ScoTLAND—continued. 
Salaries—continued. 

* Sheriffs Substitutes—continued. 

Fifeshire—Dunfermline |, - - 


William Lamond - 


Alexander ee - 
John Cheyn - 
‘Charles nee as Shirreff 


Patrick Blair - 
Thomas Fraser (to 
July 1876) - 

Charles Shaw - 
James Simpson - 
David Syme - 
Alexander Nicholson 


oe sp 8 eo Mee 


Alexander EH. Murray - 
James Galbraith - - 
Francis W. Clark (to 

30 November 1876) - 

William Guthrie (1,0002. 
(from 8 December 1876) 

John M. Lees (9002. a 
year from 8 December 
1876) - - 

Walter Cook Spens (8000. 
a year from 8 Decem- 
ber 1876) - - - 

John Neil Dyce - - 

Walter Cook Spens (to 
7 December 1876) - 

John Black L. Birnie 
(to 7 December 1876) 

J. Black L. Birnie (from 
8 December 1876, at 
7001, year) - 

D, Davidson Balfour 
(irom 11 December 
1876, at 6501, a peat) 

Francis Home - 

Alexander Falconar - 

John Campbell Mellis 
(from 11 January 1876) 

Thomas H, Orphoot - 


Hugh Barclay - 2 
John Grahame + — - 


Forfarshire : 
Forfar - 
Dundee - 

Haddington 


Inverness-shire : 


Inverness - 


Skye - 
Long Island 
Fort William 
Kinross - 
Kirkeudbright 
Lanarkshire : 
Glasgow (Fir 
5 (Sec 


” (Third) a 


<S 


: - | /16&17 V.c, 80 - 
st) - |(16&17V.¢.80, and 
ond) -|f 27 & 28 V.c. 106 


” (Third) = ” ” 


aa (Fourth) - 


‘ (Bit 
Lanark - 


Hamilton - 


Airdrie - 
Hamilton - 


Airdrie - 
Linlithgow 
Nairn - 


Orkney - 
Peebles . 


Perthshire : 
Perth - 
Dumblane 


tit) Virion eh = 


Carried forward - 


* See Note on page 56, 


ae 


38 & 39 V, c, 81 


16 & 17 Y.c, 80,8, 37 


&, 


| 
B 


Amounts Issued for 


Payment, - 
£ 38 d. £. Bye 
13,273 19 7 |453,664 17 8 
600 <= = 
TOOE = 
1/000) e = 
6002 se 
S00 nic 
273 6 38 
BOO 
B50, = 
500 — 
bbO (ear 
1400) 5 = 
1200/0 ee 
915 15 2 
906 10 5 
806 10 5 
AND es 
62 3 6 
654 6 11 
607 12 2 
45.13 1 
37 110 
kee 
500° = = 
510 11 6 
600. - = 
900° == { 
500” es 
29,933 10 10 | 453,664 17 8 


_. el 


Exchequer Issues.] © FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 59 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


To Whom ‘Payable. 
Granted. Payment. 


| Sse Sor 1s eae aE 
| ; Brought forward - - -| - Dia) - | 29,933 10 10 |453,664 17 8 _ 
| 


GREAT BRITAIN—continued. 

| CouRTs of JUSTICE in SCOTLAND—continued. 

| ; b 

| Salaries—continued. 

| * Sheriffs Substitutes—continued, " 


| Renfrewshire : 
| Hugh Cowan - - Paisley - - cb = ° : 800 - - 
| Harry Smith - - Greenock - > -||- . = is 800 - - 
| Ross-shire : : 
| Crawfurd Hill - . Dingwall- == -||- - - - 600 - = 
| Harry M. Taylor (to 9 
| December 1876) - Tain and Cromarty = | | - - - - 517°2 4 
| Charles Grey Spittal .- Stornoway - - - - - 500 - - 
Francis Russell - - | Roxburghshire — J ed- 
burgh se - -|l- - - - 650 - - 
| James 8, Milne - - | Selkirk - = --|(16&17V.c, 80 - 500 - = 
' Robert Sconce (to 8 | Stirlingshire: 
| gue tye yess he Roitlme ee. ebay we CSE Se 494 3 8 
Robert Bell - - - Falkirk. - - -[]- - - - 700 - - 
| Thomas Mackenzie - | Sutherland - - 21 fae ae - - 600 - - 
|Macduff Rhind - - | Wigtown - - e | fe - - - 650 -— — 
\Andrew Mure - -| Zetland .- .-  -||- Ease : 500 — = 
| J, R. Buntine (rom 9 
; August 1876) - - | Stirling - > -[)- . = - 275 16 4 
{ =| gO) LO. ae 
I _ + SHERIFF CLERKS: ‘ 
| John Taylor : Cromarty = - -})- - - = 78 5 8 
Thomas Barclay (to 30 
July 1876) Shee cr | MERC; a0 = - - | (17 & 18 V.c. 94 - 610 11 11 
George Webster - - | Forfar - . - - |( 19 & 20 V.c. 59 - 1,200 -— —- 
George Rutherford -| Roxburgh -~ - - || - - : 580 11 - 
| eee fans (0 --| Sutherland--..--~ - |] - ~ = é: 202 - - 
Jo acmillan (30 Oc- 
| tober 1875 to 23 Oc- || Mterim Sheriff Clerk of 319 11 2 
| dee ee - 31 & 32 V, c. 101, 
avi ohnson Mac- A 8. 54 - - - 
|| prair (24 October to || Sheriff Clerk of Chan- Bey bes 
_ 31 December 1876) - ee A : 3 > S0e7 tame 
_ ANNUITIES: 
iy Late Judge of the Court 
p John Cowan * { of Session - ile - = - 2,250 - - 
|The Hon. Charles Baillie, 48 G, 3, c,145 > - 
| of Jerviswoode - - | + Ditto - - - J - - - - 2,250 - — 
William O, Rutherfurd | Late Sheriff of Roxburgh 16 & 17 V. c. 80 399 16 4 
John Tait - -  ~-| Late Sheriff of Perth - me -{ TIANIO «= 
Carried forward - - - &, 5,612 6 4 |494,162 15.7 


8 See Note on page 56. 
+ The salaries of the Sheriffs Clerks in Scotland will be transferred, as vacancies occur, to the Civil 
| | Service Estimates. 


401, EBS 


60 


FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


[Details of — 


ae 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &e.—continued, 


To Whom Payable. 


Brought forward + =: - 
GREAT BRITAIN—continued. 
CouRTS of JUSTICE in ScoTLAND—continued. 
Annuities—continued. 


James, Watson (to 16 
November 1876) - 
William H, Colquhoun 
John Maclaurin - 
William Watson - 
Arthur Burnett - 
Robert S. Taylor - 
James Skelton - 
Andrew L. Macdonald 
Whiliam H. Dunbar 
James Robison - 
James Campbell - 
James Robertson (to 12 
January 1876) ° 
Robert Sconce (from 9 
August 1876) - . 
John’ Richardson (to 17 
December 1876 = 
John Gibb - . 
George R. Kinloch 
Archibald Christie 
Francis 8. Melville 
Lockhart Thomson 
William T. R. Boreuder 
James Ramsay = 
Letham Anderson (to 
23 February 1876) - 
John M‘Hwen = « 
John Macritchie- --= 
David §. Shiress - . 
William Anderson : 
Alexander Rickard Black 
Thomas Logan - : 
W. Dick Wallace (from 
8 September 1876) - 


Robert D., Cay = 


Donald Robertson . 
William Reid - . 


COMPENSATIONS : 


William Drysdale 


Matthew F. wee 
Andrew C. Stephen 
Charles Gulland - 
Alexander Hamilton 
Thomas Lees . 
William Black - 
W. P. Dundas (Year to 
15 November 1875) - 


Lower Ward, Lanark 
Inverness = . 


@ | Inverary - . 
& | Aberdeen - : 
‘8 | Peebles - - 
‘Q | Cupar - - - 
wm } Peterhead - - 
a‘ Stornoway = - 
bs Kirkeudbright + 
= | Ayr. - - - 
* | Edinburgh - - 
£ 
4 | Kirkwall - - 
Stirling - : 


Late Judge’s Clerk 
ditto 


‘= ditto - = : 
- ditto - . ° 
- ditto i- . . 
- ditto . . - 
- ditto : 5 : 
- ditto . e . 
- ditto . - - 
- ditto . . : 
- ditto . . - 
+ ditto - . . 
- ditto ° - - 
- ditto . . : 
- ditto - - - 
- ditto 
Late Judge’s ; Clerk and? 
Keeper of the Rolls of 
the Court of ik ae 
= « ditto « : 
- = ditto - - : 
Late Assistant Clerk of 
Session - - . 
g Anstruther and ee 
f|Culross =~ = 
65)Falkland’') -~ - 
g Kilmarnock - . 
& | Musselburgh - - 
& (Stranraer. - = 


Keeper of the eee 
of Entails - 


ay 


A  EEeEEneneeedl 


in paar oo 


-—— ow 
pak Orhan Vee Oo ee 


By what Acts 
Granted. 


& 

bo 
i Re Sa eB le 
° i: 


seals OP Seek 
i pa Vo Boe ae 
2 a ODD 


aa se ON ee ee 
te 


1&2V.e 11g" * = 


10&11V.c. 47 - 


10 & Il V. ¢. 47, 
8, 34 4} 


Carried forward 


Amounts Issued for 
Payment. 


17 


CFP tbat mat ele Biel aa es 


-_ 
a 


CHO Fo lst | mn Meal} 


f 


I 


d. £. a de 
4 |494,162 15 7 
8 
4 
9 
6 
10 
8 
4 
r 4 
13,006 16 8 
8 
8 
8 
4 | 
4 ; 
232 11 11 


g. |507,402 4 2 


-E xchequer Issues.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31sT MARCH 1877. -. Gide 


GR I SS 


Derraintep Statement of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continued. 


——_——.. 


To: Whom By yale: By what Acts Amounts Issued for 
Granted, Payment, 
Z 2). Bah ds & . sd. 
Brought forward - =-'-| = - « - - - {507,402 4 2 
IRELAND. 
SALARIES. 


COURT OF CHANCERY : 


‘ ‘The Right Hon, John T. Ball, Lord Chancellor -| 2&3 W. 4, c, 116 8,000 —- —- 
The Right Hon. EH, Sullivan, Master of the Rolls- | 4G, 4, c. 61 > 3,969 4 8 


The Right Hon. Jonathan PanieHey, Lord J Pats 
Court of Appeal - 19 & 20 V.c.92 - | 4000 - - 
The Right Hon. H. H, Chatterton, Vice Chancellor 30 & 31 V.c.44 - | 4000 - - 
13 & 14 V.c. 51 - 
Gerald Fitzgibbon, Receiver Master - = -\) 30&31V.c. 44 = \ 2,500 -— .- 
CoURT OF QUEEN’S BENCH: pet aed) aS 
The Right Hon. James Whiteside, pict oa 
(to 25 November 1876) - - - - - . - (/* 4,291 19 11 
The Hon. James O’Brien, Justice . . - a,f20 19 “4 
_ The Right Hon. J. D. Fitzgerald, Justice - .|72&3 W. 4c. 116 3,688 12 4 
' The Right Hon. C, R, Rea ot ante - : -|J- - - . 3,688 12 4 
p Hugh Lane, Master - - . -| 30 & 81 V.c. 129 1,200 - - 
ey LE 9G) 
7 CouRT OF ComMMON PLEAS: 
The Right Hon, Michael Herre, Chief Justice 
(from 9 ee 1876) - co ks) aa 
The Right Hon, J. H. Monahan, Chief Justice (to 
10 January 1876, at 4,6121. 18s. 8d. per annum) - 63 7 3 
The Right Hon, William Keogh, Justice - - 2 & 3 W. 4, C. 116 3,688 12 4 
The Right Hon. J. A. Lawson, Justice - 3,688 12 4 
The Right Hon. Michael eee meee (to 
8 February 1876) - = : - : : 344 10 9 
Charles G, Burke, Master - - =e ns ie Vo] 129 "09 1,400 - - 
—— ——| 13,367 3 9 
CouRT OF EXCHEQUER: ; 
‘The Right Hon. Christopher Palles, Chief Baron - 4,612 18 8 
The Hon. Fras, A. Fitzgerald, Baron - - “llou3w.4, 116 3,688 12 4 
The Right Hon, Rickard Deasy, Baron . - cs 3,688 12 4 
The Right Hon. Richard Dowse, pee - - 3,688 12 4 
_D.R, Pigott, Master - - - - 30 & 31 Vv. Cr 129 1200) 
16,878 15 8 
e CouRT of PROBATE: 
The Right Hon, R. R. Warren, Judge - : -| 20&21V.¢ 79 - - * 8,500 — + 
LANDED ESTATES COURT: 
The Hon. 8. W. Flanagan, Judge - - - |} 21 & 22 Vic. 72 - 3,000 - -: 
The Right Hon. Henry Ormsby, Judge = - |f 29 & 30 V.¢. 99 - 3,000 - - 
——————| 6,000 - = 


HieH ‘Court of ADMIRALTY : 
The Hon. John F, Townsend, Lu.D., Judge - -| 808381 V. c. 114 e = 1,200 = 
. Carried forward - - - & |587,412 12 2 


| 
-# 


* £, 200 Irish ;1847, 12s, 4d, deducted from the Chief Justice’s salary, towards provision for a substitute 
‘during his illness, 
401. E4 


\ 


62 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 


— EEE 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continuéd. 
seat Oe ene Stes es ee em a eg ee 
By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


To Whom Payable. 
Granted, Payment. 


£8 d, a ee 


Brought forward - - -| + «= - - 587,412 12 2 
IRELAND—continued. 
Salaries—continued, 
MISCELLANEOUS : 
*Chairmen of Quarter Sessions, and Judges of 
Civil Bill Courts Gincluding 1004, each for re- 
yising Lists of Voters), viz, : 
County Tipperary - - ° - re = Pe LOOi: atin 
Cork, Hast Riding - Special - - - - - 1,100. —- = 
Dublin, County . ~ - - A 4 é 900 - - 
Antrim - - - . . - 5 . r e 1,100°%= = 
Armagh- - -|- - . - ys <1 1,100.2 == 
Clare - ° - ° A cs = a 2 - || 1,100 == 
Donegal - . : - = - = eS = - 1,100» — ‘= 
Down. <i so! oy-.g |e ate - “fay =n il ch LOO Ras 
Galway - . - - . - - Fa 5 = 110051 
Kerry - - Ist Class - - - - -|{ 1,100 — — 
Kilkenny - . - - = = ° “ 3 1,100 ‘=* = 
Limerick - - - . o . 5 % : 1,100 -=)— 
Londonderry - - = a A * Ft p OO ee 
Mayo - - - - = = = = = = 1,100 - = 
Monaghan =+ ° - © ° - : = : 1,100 - - 
Tyrone - - : - - . - - 2 E, 1,100. = = 
Cavan - ~- = - - - ° - = c z O00) iss 
Cork, West Riding - = ° - - : - 900 - - 
Fermanagh - - - . : 2&3 W. 4,¢. 88 900 - = 
Leitrim - - - ° ~ - 14 & 15 V.c. 57 - 900 - —- 
Queen’s - = re 2nd Class - 21 & 22 Vc. 88 - 900 - - 
Roscommon = - - - ° : a = “i 000 See 
Bligh t= Ne 2) yheaih. vise .of seke Miele Ne alae me 900 = - 
Waterford = = - a - ° 5 ~ a 5 900 == 
Wexford - - - - . i 3 = " OOO abe 
Carlow - - > = - - ~ = = F FOO ieee 
Kildare - = - - - - - - - - 700 —- — 
King’s - - - - - - - - - - 700 - = 4 
Longford - . 8rd Class - - - - - FOO 
Louth = - - - . - - - e 700 = - 
Meath - - - - - . - - - - 700 - - 
Westmeath - - - - ° - - - - 6657-745 
Wicklow - - - - . é 5 A 3 FOO. m= 
Right Hon. Sir Frederick Shaw, Recorder of the 
City of Dublin (to 30th June 1876) - - - “ - - 128 17 4 } 
F. R. Falkiner, Q.¢., Recorder of the ony, of Dub- 
lin (from 8 July 1876) - : = - - 11612 5 
Thomas Forsaythe, Recorder, Bornsh: of Con -[)- - = - 100 - - ; 
{Henry Colles, Taxing Officer in Comes Law 31,410 17 5 
Business - - 16&17 V.c. 55 - - - 1,000 - - 
G. Battersby, Q.C., for piendine | as Tades ¢ in ie 
place of Chief J atin ae Sigma tg Cir- 
cuit) - - - - - - « = P (S67 2 8 
J. Robinson, Q.¢., for services at Spring Assizes, 36 G. 3, c. 26(Irish) 
casing, illness of Lord Chief Baron - = - - + - . ” 369 4 8 


Carried forward - - - & | 620,561 18 11 


* In receipt also of remuneration from the Grants for “ Miscellaneous Legal Charges” (Class IIL, Civil 
Services), for additional duties imposed under Act 33 & 34 Vict. c. 46, 5. 63. 
+ The salary of this office, when vacated, will be transferred to the Civil Service Estimates. 


at 


f 


Exchequer Issues.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 


DPTAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continued. 


To Whom Payable. 


By what Acts 


Granted, 


Brought forward -- -. - 
IRELAN D—continued. 
COMPENSATIONS, 
Court of CHANCERY : 


William Brooke, Masterin Ordinary - - - 
Jeremiah J, Murphy - ditto - aaa 2 


Court of QUEEN’S BENCH : 
Arthur Bushe, Master - - Sia ate werd } 
James A. Hamilton, Principal Assistant - : 
John §. Hamilton, General Clerk - - - 


John Houston, Bp eS cS a NOeeien 
1876) - 


Prowse Christian, Searching Clerk - - - 
Edward H, Moore, Engrossing and Copying Clerk 


Garrett Moore - . - ditto - . - 

Robert F, Williams - - ditto - - - 

Matthew Caffrey - - ditto - - = 

Charles F. Connolly - - ditto - (paid in 
England) - - - = 


William Gorman is ai Gas in the ees s 
Office - - 


Thomas Ireland, First Clerk os cides ad in 
England) - - - 


Richard Marlowe, Clerk to Clerk of the Rules - 
Francis Lacy, First Clerk to Pleadings Assistant - 
D, W. Hutcheson, Second ditto - - - - 
John St, John, Clerk for General Purposes - - 


Court of ComMON PLEAS: 
Christopher Carey, Assistant to General Clerk - 


Richard F, Stack - - ditto : - "4 
Samuel Hill, Searching Clerk - - 5 S 


/ 


401. 


boos ov. et 


Amounts Issued for 
Payment, 


(| 2760 
|| 2,769 


7&8V.c.90 - e 
13&14V.c74 - 

30 & 31 V. c. 129 800 
Ns ee mae 346 
= | eee 226 
See eae 50 
teeta thin. | be 106 
Enea. fe ca 166 
3 1b ae ea 98 
Sater cart ben 115 
7&K&8V.C.107 - 44 
Ss ee 90 
Pt 0 Capers 269 
UE SPy re Aaaears 100 
oS tee ne eames 45 
SRL ont) bail Be Lie 109 
apa tira? iit 165 
SR MRE irk? |! tre { 133 
7&8 V.c, 107 97 


Carried forward - 


d, 


a 


&, 


£. 8 ae 
620,561 18 11 


5,588 9 4 


2,186 7, 


457 13 ~ 


629,344 2 10 


. 


64. FINANCE ACOOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, - [Details of 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Courts of Justice Salaries, &c.—continued. 


By what Acts Amounts Issued for 


eee re. Granted, Payment. 
£,.°3, & 3 a. 
Brought forward.- - - . - Se ieee ity « 629,344 2 10 
IRELAND—continued, Ae 
Compensations—continued. 
Court of EXCHEQUER : 
Edmond Power, Filacer - - - - -|)- ~ aioe las foes pies 
William H. Harte, Clerk of Appearances - -||- AB bt S tes 276 18 4 
George Farran, Principal Assistant Clerk to Clerk 
of the Pleas (to 22 May 1876) - - - || . - - 135 9 I1 
Richard Carey, Assistant to Filacer - - -|]- - - - 262 10 - 
Richard Patten Meares, Assistant to General Clerk | | - = : c 14y- ALS 
A. J. Flood, Clerk in Clerk of the Pleas Office - || - = = = SOM oa 
Joseph Dayis, Crier at Nisi Prius - - > | M7 ie @Vee, 107 64 - - 
William Woodlock, Registrar of Decrees ~ - > |e e = i 100.22 
Lewis Harty, Engrossing and Copying Clerk. - ||. = : - ZW An ey 
Joseph Francis - - ditto - - - Oe he = - - 20: a= 
Maunsell W. Bedford - ditto - - - me PS : m QO: van vas 
George C. Shaw - - ditto - - - - ||. - - - 44 See 
Henry A. Cooper - - ditto - - - oe ees 5 = fy We i 
John James Cogan - ditto - - (paid in 
England) - - : - - - alla ™ a « 3 weak : 
: 2,043 11 3 
Court of ADMIRALTY : . é 
403 14 8 


Thomas F. Kelly, uu.D., late Judge (to 30 October) 30 & 31 V. c. 114 - - 


ToTAL AMOUNT issued for CouRTS of Justicn - - - &. | 631,791 8 9 


[Estimated Charge of the above for the Year 1877-78, £. 650,000. | 


ay 


. Exchequer Issues.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 65 


MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES. 


Derairep Statement of the Amount issued from the Exchequer, in the Year ended - 
81st March 1877, for Payment of Miscentanzous Services charged on the. Con- 
SOLIDATED Funp. 


AMOUNTS ISSUED FOR 


PAYMENT, 
Interest and Sinking Fund of Russian-Dutch iat, Ber foe oa f. 5d, 
55 G, 8, c. 115, and 2 & 3 W. 4, c. 81 Sec - . - 61,913 13 9 
Towards the support of Greenwich Hospital, per Act 32 & 33 V. 
2 EER SAT RG OE ES Se SESE SS ieee eed a 58: ae 
Secret Service, formerly charged on the ph: Dah Per Act 
EV GN 2m : : . : - - -| - - : 10,000 - - 
Receiver General of the Duchy of Lancaster, Annuity in lieu of 
Prisage and Butlerage on Wines pupcres. into a Ports of that 
County, per Act 2&3 W. 4, ¢. 84 - - - 8038 - - 
Receiver General of the Duchy of Cornwall, Compensation for 
loss of Duties on the Coinage of Tin, per Act 1 & 2 V.¢.120 - 16,216 15 — 
Compensation to sundry persons for the loss of their Offices on 
the abolition of the Duties on eae pores = aa per ani 
1&2 V.c, 120 - - . 8 - - 
Se 17,104 15 = 
In aid of the Cash Balance of the sock Gas So oe us ee = CENCE, 
per Act 32 & 33 V.c. 91 - - = 
In aid of the Cash Balance ot the “Accountant in ae epey, fe =e = & 33 
Vic. 91 - - - 50,000 - — 
ToTAL for MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES, Ordinary - - - 143,018 8 9 
Localisation of the Military Forces, per Act 35 & 36 V. c. 68 - - - - - 900,000 - — 
ToraL AMOUNT issued for MISCELLANEOUS Segre ie £ 1.043.018 = 9 
Localisation of the Military Forces) - - = ; 050, 


[ Estimated Charge of the above (exc.usive of Localisation of the Military Forces and 
- Fortifications), for the Year 1877-78, £. 131,750. | 


401. 


FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of. 


66 


- = 0008 OL 61 990°ZT eS 
= - 61 ¢9¢ 
@ ST Seep 
— = $998 
& St FOL 
6 3 SF 
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BL 9128 Cane, Sar 
= PLS ea 


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Vo wi fo eS eae eee Se 
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=: = _ - - 000‘0T 
6 L ers‘OLT = = mips - | & 8L Pge‘Tes‘er 
pe os pe -Z ps3 
— 
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ae Jo nO “Teo X OY} Ut 
ponsstum syuery 
Jo SONSsy] [090], 
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@ - ese'ce 
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€ FL 20% 
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86668 
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is 


L ¢@ LI11'986'2% 


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=- = as'8 : 2 = => pasie ‘ = : 

== "G09%s z 2 5 — — 608'Fe . zZ = 

= ~ 009° : = = = - 009% s ‘ 3 

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== gogice : C ; - — $0s‘se : 5 : 

\ 

& 2 OOrst9Ze | € £ Beatz, — - BL9°%OPLZ | - - 00 SST 
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£86'896'96 & r1s%e, ~ = GL¥S88°9% | - Q 5 
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000‘0LT = = =4 = 7000020 = = E 
009°TSP eT = > o09TZreT | - = = 

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selousroyeq 107 U9 LOT soouLleg 
SINVUD 


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3 - (sduIpIMmg) queues Jo sosmoy 
= a = = = - spuv’y jo 

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- = = SooTGO OT[Gu Jo eamgruaMyy 
~ 8 oe ss is. -seurpiug orang 
- > ~Sueprey) oIsveTg puv syreg peor 
- - - - : - soovleg refoyy 


?NIVITEG LVAUD 
‘SONIC TING puv swuOM OITAOAd 
‘IT SSVTO 


‘SHOIAUHS TLATIO 


“7 y oe Sir ‘OM ‘SUHOTAMAY 


oi 75) ks: heey C's! ae: NOTIG 
“dX WILNVHSVY—Liaduy JO aALOA 
- = NOISSINWOO aASVHOUN AWAY 


> + = XZAVN pue AWuy “Iyn0Z, 


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- = - = — BIpuy Jo yunoo08 uo 

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2s, €50 ges snes ochre 


SHOIAURS e 


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SHOIAUAS ATaddQas 


Pod 
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FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 


Exchequer Issues.] 


6 6L 219% € GT ¢e2Or 2 9 SI Tee"ee, 9 &I ¢99°8eL 9 ST 2098 ee OITOGy - . 
= € 6 LE - € =! 6 OL sis‘er - - T16‘or - - = - - Teer es - 
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= FT 98e'T Se eee | 8 STSOey =e 0058 > = =a ks - ¢ 
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= = = OL 6T 690°FS OL 61 690% OL GI 928 ba et 2a - - 
aia — ‘GT 909°T 5 - - @ $66'L¢ = = oos‘ee 2 2 3 — = o09'e¢ = : 

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= — &L 616T LL-9181 - 2 €96'¢¢ = 5 POLE ; fe: ie soa = - 
= = = € 6 66s‘cE ¢ 668°CE ia q - - 
= aS = OL FI 680°FL OL FL 680% OL #1 £8 se 900°FL - . 
= OLS 69% LI-9L81 & LT 806'68 - = 8£1'06 > - | = = 82106 - : 
— = = 8 31 9g2'8¢ 8 ZL 9E2'8¢ 8 ZI 9G - = O1Z‘8¢ = - 

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— 61 Ig6‘OFL IL 91 09¢°¢eT : L GL geeecs'T | 9 ST Ta FSOT | 9 ST c9e% = = 69r'esor | —- — 000%% 

& F 989°L6 6 SI S9r% LL-9181. = =) Orsity, i= OLOTL, = = ts - - oTs‘99 - = 000°¢ 
oe = — & GL 169°6L € SL 16S‘6T € &L 186 - - 099°8T = - 

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bas 6 81 226 LI-9LST € T 22169 - ~ 00¥%69 . = stilt soe OOP. 60 = 

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401. 


[Details of 


FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


68 


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Exchequer Issues. | 


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401. 


[Details of 


FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


70 


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71 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 


Exchequer Issues.] 


6 &I 310°80e I & 129°80% 


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401. 


of 


[ Detai 


FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


72 


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at 


Exchequer Issues] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 3lsT MARCH 1877. 73 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Supply Services—continued. 


The Issuvzs for Suppiy Services in the YEAR 1876-77, as shown in the foregoing 
STATEMENT, were made out of the following Grants. 


Supply Grants of 
_————$—$—$—$—$—— >, 
SERVICES, 1876-77. Toray Issvzs, 
Incl 
1875-76. eh aie ae 
and Grants for 
Deficiencies,) 


& a a, Bea. dy a dh 
vg Ge ie eee Oa ae eae nara ere a . - | 15,251,854 18 3 | 16,251,364 18 3 
CHARGE defrayed by the Wes hah o 
account of INDIA ° ° ° ° 170,000 - - 170,000 - — 
ApmMy PURCHASE COMMISSION - += = 25,000 = = 473,362 - 1 498,362 - 1 
ee RE oo ace ar ale : - | 11,364,383 2 8 | 11,864,383 2 3 
Vore of CREDIT, ASHANTHE EXPEDITION - Pe . - 2,017 6 = 2,017 5 - 


Crvit Servions (including 337. 43, 5d, (out 
of 1875-76) for Expenses of Purchase of 
Shares in the SunzZ CANAL, which formerly 


belonged to the KHEDIVE of EaYPT) - ° 15,177 18 6 | 13,318,673 6 13,333,861 4 11 


on 


REVENUE DEPARTMENTS, &c., V1z 


Customs and Inland Revenue >’ - 690,362 18 2] 2,075,916 10 11] 2,766,279 9 1 
Post Office - = -* Sra eee 773,218 - 8 | 2,386,000 - —| 38,159,218 - 8 
Telegraph Service -° + - : ‘ 3,595 8 38] 1,187,404 11 9] 1,141,000 — -. 
Packet?Service pees eS) es - ° 850,889 6 2 850,889 6 2 


&. | 1,507,354 6 7 } 47,030,001 —- 10 | 48,537,355 6 5 


ADVANCES for GREENWICH HOospPiTau and 


SiG Gah A kG Oe poet eras. arc 29,088 - - 113,961 1 8 143,049 1 8 
ExcuEquur Bonps (Principal) - - -j > : : 700,000 -— — 700,000 ~ = 


. aces a for SUPPLY. ¢ | 1,536,442 5 7 | 47,843,962 2 6 | 49,380,404 8 1 


4. 


ye FQ 


74, FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 
TET 


DETAILED STATEMENT of Amount issued for Supply Services—continued. 
ee eee 


WAYS AND MEANS GRANTS. 


Memoranpum of the application of the-Balances- of the Grants of Ways and Means 
remaining unissued on Ist April 1876, and of the Grants for the Year 1876-77. 


&. yes 


Balance, on Ist April 1876, of Grants for the Year 1875-76 1,815,596 5 5 


Amount of Grants out of the Consolidated Fund in the Year 
1876-77, viz. :— &. 8. d. 


Per Act 39 Vict. c. 4 (1876) - - - - - - -| 9,000,000 - —- 


” 39 Vict, c, 15 (1876) : - - - - - | 11,000,000 - - 


» 39 & 40 Vict, c, 60 (1876) Pee eh eee seri seh UR NI Bye 30 

» 40 Vict. cel ey 350,000 - - 
Supplemental and Excess 4 

»’ 40 Vict, ¢, 6 cas77)J 1,213,502 6 9 


50,266,545 6 9 


52,082,141 12 2 


Deduct,—Amount of Issues for Supply Services, and Surplus Balances written off in 
the Year (as per preceding Statement) out of the Ways and Means Grants of the 
undermentioned Years, viz.:— 


1875-76. 1876-77. 


&. is, -d, 


Issues - 200, 25 - Siar 
Surplus Balances written off - —- eas 


. | 1,815,596 6 65 | 48,217,771 9 3 | 50,083,367 14 8 


——s 


Balance of Ways and Means Grants of 1876-77, on 31st March 1877 (equal to. » | 9048773 17 6 
- “ . 'y '? J 


Balance of Grants in Supply, as detailed on pages 66 to 72) - eB 


a 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 75 


SES 


STATEMENTS 


RELATIVE TO THE 


NATIONAL DEBT. 


Page, 
APPLICATION OF SINKING FUNDS TO REDUCTION OF DEBT - - - 77 
FUNDED DrBr CREATED AND REDEEMED IN THE YBAR, &c. - - = {8&9 
STATE OF THE SAME ON 31st MARcH 1877 - - - - - ~ 80 to 82 


STATEMENT OF UNFUNDED DEBT CREATED AND REDEEMED IN THE a 
YEAR, &e. - - - - ahs - eS 
 OoC, 


FOR MANAGEMENT OF DEBT - - 5 = Ps & Z 


EXPLANATORY STATEMENT OF AMOUNT ISSUED FROM THE EXCHEQUER \ 94 


4vl. E3 


~ FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318sT MARCH 1877, 77 


cS 


SINKING FUNDS. 
(Under 38 & 39 Vict, o. 45.) 


Deraitep Sratement of the Amount issued from the Exchequer in the Year 
ended 31st March 1877, on account of the OLp and Nzw Sinxine Funps; and of the 
Application of the same by the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt. 


& « @ 
I.—Issvzs from the CONSOLIDATED FUND : 
Old Sinking Fund = e e meter = — . - - = . . ~ Nil 
New Sinking Fund ; 
Amount issued under the Sa ba & a Viet C. -; 8. 3; os the ment io Slst 
March 1877 + - 624,780 6 7 


Sinking Fund Annuity, per Act 33 & - 34 Mat Cc. 71, 8. re neces 8, 24 Ling 
Cent, Annuities for the year to 5th July 1876 : 6,906 14 7 


ToTaL AMOUNT issued from the Exchequer > - = &. 631,687 1 2 


IL—APPLICATION of the above TOTAL AMOUNT : 


peers nt app ped Amount and Nature of Capital Debt purchased vay iv cio 
Reduction of Debt. therewith and Cancelled. Cancelled. 
& 8 a, £. #8 dad, | FUNDED DEBT: x «8 d, 
200,000 =" = 207,258 17 9 Consolidated £.3 per Cents. -| 9610 = 
11,445 - - 12,000 - - Reduced Site « =| O67 6 
74,355 - = 78,000 - — News is) 254-45) - 95 6 6 
6,906 14 7 8,742 13 11 New £.98 ! etc, rs) gr oe 
_& | 292,706 14 7 305,996 t1 8 
Balance unap- ———— 
plied at 315) 338,980 6 7 
March 1877 


Toran - | 631,687 1 2 


National Debt meet C. Rivers Wilson, 
7 June 1877. Comptroller General 


401, F4 


78 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Funded 
LL RS SS SE 


FUNDED DEBT. =. - (aa 


AN ACCOUNT of the Total Amount of the Funpzp Denr of the United Kingdom, 
in the Year ended the 31st March 1877, of the Debt and Charge reduced in that 
on the 31st March 1877. By 


RATE ANNUAL 
per Cent, CHARGE, 


CAPITAL STOCK. 


TOTAL DEBT on 31st March 1876: 
FUNDED DEBT « a * o * 5 


‘ £. SG: 
= - | 21,389,835 19 10 


£. 
713,657,517 


TERMINABLE ANNUITIES : 

Annuities, per 18 Vict. c. 18, pag 
5th April 1885 - 

Annuities, per 23 & 24 Vict, c 109, and sub- 
sequent Acts, expiring 5th April 1885, 
(fortifications.) - 

Annuity, per 26 Vict, c. 14, expiring Bth 
April 1885 - 

Annuities, per 32 & 33 Vict, c. 59; and 29 
Vict. ¢, 5, expiring at various dates in 
1885 (payable yearly) - . . 

Annuities, per 35 & 86 Vict. c. 68, expiring 
29th March and 1st August 1885. “ The 
Military Forces Localization Act” - : 

Red Sea and India Telegraph Company’s 
Annuity, 25 & 26 Vict. c. oh eaeree a 
August 1908 - 

Sinking Fund Annuity on New £. 2} per 
Cents., per 33 & 34 Vict. c. 71,'s. 69 - 

Annuities for Terms of Years, per 10 Geo, 4 
c, 24, and 3 Will, 4, c, 14, oes at 

various periods + 

Life Annuities, per 10 Geo, 4, c; 24, 3 Will. 4,¢. 
14, 16 & 17 Vict.c, 45, and 27 & 28 Vict, ey 43 

Exchequer Tontine Annuities, per 29 Geo, 3 


Great Britain £,212,144 1 3 
Ireland < . 9,749 19 6 


Total Amount of Funded Debt eels ee £ 


- - 116,000 - - 


. - 675,291 — = 


- - 9,983 7 3 


- - 3,617,845 -— — 


Sreta © 65,486 = = 


WP albie 36,000 —' = 
we 6,906 14 7 


oe 41,401 12 - 


: : 914,043 6 6 
- : 13,092 1 


=, 2m fide @e 1 BOknammes 


27,007,779 2 = 


MANAGEMENT 


— — 


718,657,517 8 7 


on 31st March 1876 - - 


DEBT CREATED in the Year ended 31st March 1877: 
FUNDED DEBT: 
Capital created per Act 36 & 37 os c, 83, 
“The Telegraph Act, 1873” - 


Capital created per Act 39 Vict. ¢, B, us The 
Telegraph (Money) Act, 1876”  - 


77,152 2 11 | 3 p’Cent, 2,314 11 3 


207,253 17 9 | 3 p’Cent, . 621712 4 


TERMINABLE ANNUITIES: 


Annuities (expiring 1885) granted pst 82 & 
83 Vict. c. 76. (Fortifications) 

Annuities (expiring 1885) granted per 35 & 
36 Vict. c. 68, “The ape aes 
Localization Act” - - 

Annuities for Terms of oS Pe 10 Geo, 4 
c. 24 - - 

Life Annuities, per 10 Geo. ae C. 24, 16 & "7 
Vict. c. 45, and 27 & 28 Viet. c. 43 - 


ToTAL FUNDED DEBT and CHARGE eS &. 
in the Year ended 31st March 1877 - 


TOTAL > - - £ 


- - 118,272 - - 


- - 1,508 12 6 
- - 76,118 18 10 
204,431 14 11 


27,212,210 16 11 


284,406 - 8 


713,941,923 9 3 


ay on 


Debt.] | FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31sT MARCH 1877. 79 


er OA PITALS AND CHARGE. 


and the Cuarer thereof on the 31st March 1876; of the Debt and Charge created 
Year; and of the Total Amount of the Funded Debt, and the Charge thereof, as it stood 


RATE ANNUAL 


CAPITAL STOCK.| 12, Gent, | CHARGE, 


DEBT REDUCED in the Year ended 3lst March 
1877 ; £. Sd S| aad 


FUNDED DEBT : 
Capital purchased (New gases Read), oF 


38 & 39 Vict. c. 45,8.3 - 297,253 17 9 | 3 p’Cent, 8,917 12 4 
Capital purchased with the Siitne "Fund | 

Annuity, per 33 & 34 Vict. c. 71,8. 69 - 8,742 13 11 | 23 p’Cent. 218 11 4 
Capital purchased on account of Donations 

and Bequests, per 29 Vict.c, 11,s.6 = 103 9 11 | 38 p’Cent, 3 2 1 


Capital purchased with Forfeited Deposits 

in Savings Banks and iia Office Gavangs 

Banks - - 74 -— -| 3 p’Cent, 2 4 6 
Capital purchased wath ionsy received 3 in 

respect of es bg 29 & 30 Vict. 

c. 62 - - 327 8 6 | 3 p’Cent, 916 5 
Capital transferred for the ‘purchase of An- : 

nuities for Terms of Years, including 

9,4147. 7s. 1d. Stock bought with meres 

received for said Annuities =< 17,983 7 1 | 3 p’Cent. 539 10 - 
Capital transferred for the purchase of Life 

Annuities, including 635,7981. 28. 10d. 

Stock bought with eer received for 


said Annuities - - 889,083 2 10 | 3 p’Cent. 26,672 9 11 
Capital purchased and Deasiemed for re- 

demption of Land Tax - - - 78,901 17 5 | 3 p’Cent. 2367 VLE 
Capital purchased on account of Surplus 

Land Tax —- - 12,100 - -| 3 p’Cent, 363 - — 


Capital transferred from the Pr Ginouotary’ 8 
Fee Fund Account of the County Palatine 
of Lancaster to the Commissioners for the 
Reduction of the National Debt, per Act 
38 & 39 Vict. c. 77, s. 27 (including 
5,2427. 148, 9d. purchased with money ’ 
also received fromthe Account of the ; 
aboveFund) - - - - = - 15,998 8 2) 3 p’Cent. 479 19 1 


TERMINABLE ANNUITIES : 


Annuities for Terms of Years, 10 Geo. 4, 

c. 24, and 3 Will. 4, ¢. 14, Ba ae and u- 

claimed - cm ye c = = 7,673 8. - 
Life Annuities, 10 Geek 4, ¢. 24, 3 Will. : 

c. 14, 16 & 17 Vict. c. "45, and 27& 28 


Vict. c. 43, expired and unclaimed - cig] ey © © = - 67,926 6 10 

Contributors’ Shares in Exchequer Tontine 
Annuities decreased - - : =e = ° = © 265 7 6 
MANAGEMENT decreased - - F S o e = 189 14 6 
Toran FuNDED DEBT and CHARGE re s 2A Seo a 
ducedin the Year ended 31st March oR &. ee 115,628 3 6 

Balance, being the Total Amount of Funded 
‘Debt and Charge, on 31st March 1877~ - - | 712,621,355 3 9) - - | 26,874,878 7 2 
MANAGEMENT - 9 - «2 = -= 2 ef -° = = : : 221,704 6 3 
ToTan - - - &. | 713,941,923 9 3] - - | 27,212,210 16 11 


401. 


80 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Funded 
Renae eS 


AN ACCOUNT of the State of the Pusntic FunpEep Dest of the 
United Kingdom, on the 31st March 1877. 


CAPITALS. 5 
CAPITAL FUNDED DEBT: —~ 
GREAT BRITAIN ; £. ers &. Pee 
New Annuities - - «+ - =- at #,23 percent. 3,774,278 9 9 
Exchequer Bonds, created per 16 Vict. c. 23 is - 418,300 - = 
TOTAL, at £.24 percent.- - - | 4,192,578 9 9 104,814 9 2 


enna taint 
———$$—— 


Debt due to the Bank of England : at £.3 per cent, 11,015,100 - — 
' Consolidated Annuities : - : : in - | 389,069,600 16 11 
Reduced Annuities - > - : : . . 94,014,033 16 2 


179,576,658 6 8 


673,675,392 19 9 


New Annuities - . - = : # ‘p a 


TOTAL, at £.3 percent,- - - £, 20,210,261 15 9 


New Annuities - : - : - at &.33 per cent, 225,746 6 4 7,901 2 6 


—_—$—$—$$——— 


ToTAL, GREAT BRITAIN- - - £,| 678,093,717 15 10 20,822,977 7 4 


IRELAND : 
New Annuities - - - + + at £.2} percent. 2,330 - - 68 6 = 
Debt due to the Bank of Ireland- - at &.8percent.| 2,630,769 4 8 
Consolidated Annuities =e fied Meee 2 - 5,139,119 8 3 
. Reduced Annuities © -°  -, = = s - 134,126 14 6 
New Mammifiess (202i) 2) Se iN -| 26,621,292 - 6 
TOTAL, at £.3percent.- - - £,| 34,525,307 711 | 1,035,759 4 6 
ToTAL, IRELAND - - - £,| 34,527,687 711] 1,035,817 9 6 


a 
Sa 


TOTAL CAPITAL of the F : 
of the BUNDED DuBrT of the seer y &. | +712,621,355 8 9 | 21,358,794 16 9 


KINGDOM on 31st March 1877, and Charge thereof 


Carried forward - - - £,| 712,621,355 3 9 | 21,358,794 16 9 


* See Note on page 82. ; + See Note on page 82. 


at 


Debt.]  ~ - FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 


81 


Aw Account of the State of the Public Funded Debt of the United Kingdom, &c.—continued. 


Brought forward - - - 


TERMINABLE ANNUITIES: 
| Annuities, per 18 Vict. c. 18, expiring bth April1885 -_  - 


Annuities, per 23 & 24 Vict. c. 109, and Sic el ee 
expiring 5th April 1885 (Fortifications) - - 


Annuity, per 26 Vict. c. 14, expiring 5th April 1885 - — - 


Annuities, per 32 & 33 Vict. c. 59, a 29 Vict. c. 5, as 
at various dates in 1885 (payable yearly) - - 


Annuities, per 85 & 36 Vict. c. 68, expiring 29th March and 
Ist August 1885, “The Military Forces Localization Act” 


Red Sea and India Telegraph Company’s BeEaiay: a & # 
Vict. c. 39, expiring 4th August 1908 ~§ - 


Sinking Fund Annuity on se oink a 24 ner cee ey Ee a & pe 
Vict. c. 71, 8. 69 - 


Annuities for Terms of Years, per 10 Geo. 4, ce. 24, and 3 Will. 
4, ce. 14, expiring at various periods, viz 


We 8 d. 

Granted up to Bist March 1877 - 1,770,764 2 - 
Deduct, expired and ee hares up 

ditto - - - 1,735,527 5 6 


Life Annuities, per 10 Geo. 4, c. 24, 3 Will. 4,¢c. 14, 16 & 17 
Vict. c. 45, and 27 & 28 Viet. ¢c. 48, viz. 


favng | £. &. d, 

§ Granted up to 31st March 1877 - 4,016,944 12 2 
Deduct, expired and unclaimed up 

POO =) = 8,094,708 13 8 

Exchequer Tontine Annuities, per 29 Geo. 3 - eh aete 

| phase 

rs Great Britain - - 212,142 8 38 

MANAGEMENT -— - 
Treland- - - - 9,561 18 —- 


ToTAL FUNDED DEBT and Cad al g. | 712,621,385 3 9 | 27,096,582 13 5 


. 81st March 1877 : - 


ANNUAL 
CAPITALS, CHARGE, 


&. & d. &. 
712,621,355 3 9 | 21,358,794 16 


: : - | $116,000 = 


- : ‘ 575,291 


: ee 9,983 7 
é : : 8,617,845 * 
: Be lige epg 
. eM Baek? | #96,000Re 


. - . 6,906 14 


: 3 : $35,236 16 


- - 922,235 18 


> : : 12,826 13 


26,874,878 7 


‘ 
\ 
s 


221,704 6 


d, 


6 


{tes 


2 


3 


ie 


© { See Note on following page. 
-§In addition: to the above, the following amount of Deferred. Life Aaoualties had een granted, but bad not £ 8. d. 


become chargeable on 31st March 1877, viz. - - 


401. 


3,779 11 


oP Pye FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Funded 


ER SS SE 


AN Account of the State of the Public Funded Debt of the United Kingdom, &¢c.—continued. 


CAPITALS OF 
FUNDED DEBT,| CHARGE. 
ABSTRACT. 
TOTAL FUNDED DEBT AND CHARGE: &. d, &, Sak 
On:8iet March W772 "le slay ce te co aD PanteeID Go Ntaon 9] 27,096,582 13 5 
Gn Sist March 3876. ~ at 82... Sa ees 713,657,517 27,007,779 2 - 


1,036,162 88,803 11 5 


Decrease of Debt and Increase of Charges in oe £, 
Year ended 31st March 1877 - 


EXPLANATORY Norus to preceding pages, 


£. a od 

* Funded Debtin Ireland;at 3st March 1876 =- + © ~-« « =| « SEU eth, inte Ls eu ee 35,156,661 9 9 

Add,—Stock transferred from England to Ireland in the year ended 3lst March 1877 - - - 343,310 9 6 
33,499,971 Bes Ba 

Deduct,—Stock transferred from Ireland to England in the year ended 8lst March 1877 - < 972,334 11 4 


a 


34,527,637 7 11 


t Of this Amount the Sum of 1,234,6212. 17s, 9d. stands in the names of the National Debt Commissioners on account of’ 
Unclaimed Stock and Dividends, viz.: 


£. ea: &. sd 

Balance of Unclaimed Stock in Commissioners’ names at the England-  - 671,367 17 4 697,341 310 
31st March 1876 . - . - - - - - Ireland - - 25,973 6 6 | Q 

Transferred to Commissioners in the Year ended 31st March England ayers 143,208 4 1 i 144,183 - 2 
Cpe nt ah me weer tee SAO BO atoh ge 97416 1 2 

841,524 4 = 

Re-transferred to Claimants in _the Year ended 31st March England- - 45,145 18 6 i 48,039 7 6 

BST = Bid Ireland - © - 3,093 9 - 

Balance of Unclaimed Stock ot Slst March 1877 - - . -{Fueland: =| 709880 | 17 1} 705,284 16 6 

Balance of Stock purchased with Unclaimed Dividends to 8lst March 1877 - - 441,337 - 8 

TOTALSTOOK- - - & 1,234,621 17 2 


t The following Annuities are also Unclaimed, viz.: 
Annuities for Terms of Years, 18 Vict.c.18 - - . : . . C 


Ditto - - ditto - - 10Ge04¢024- - - - - - 
Red Sea and India Telegraph Annuities - = - s > . = 5 


National eiery A C. Rivers Wilson, 
7 June 1877, Comptroller General. 
£. tate 
Mem.—Total of the Funded Debt on 31st March 1877 - - - - - 712,621,855 3 9 
Total of the Unfunded Debt - ditto - i - - - - 13,943,800 — — 
Value in Stock of Terminable Annuities, ditto - - - - - 49,308,558 -— - 
; . 775,873,713 3 9 
Deduct,—Probable amount of Loans due to the State that will be 3 4 
recovered, and the value of the Suez Canal Shares - 26,800,000 — — 


&. 749,073,713 3 9 


a 


Debt.] - FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARcH 1877. 83 


UNFUNDED DEBT. 


STATEMENT showing the Total Amount of Unrunpep Dxsr (in Exctiequer Butts 
and Excurquer Bonps) outstanding on the 1st April 1876; the Amounts issued and 
paid off in the Year to 31st March 1877, and the Total Amount of Unrunpep Dest 
(in Exchequer and Treasury Bills and Exchequer Bonds) outstanding on the last-men- 
tioned Date. 


Treasury Bills, Exchequer Bills. | Exchequer Bonds. 
| i a 


Amount of the Unfunded Debt outstanding on Ist April1876 - -| - - * 4,201,800 6,500,000 
Amount issued in the Year ended 31st March 1877, viz,: 
EXCHEQUER BILLS: £. 
Dated 11th June 1876, in exchange for Bills Wale llth 
June 1871) delivered up to be cancelled 2,585,300 
Dated 11th March 1877, in exchange for Bills ated ith 
March 1872) delivered up tobecancelled = 1,467,200 
Dated 11th March 187 i, issued i in Hen of a8 Paid of in 
money = - 125,100 
J ——| - 4,177,600 _ 
EXCHEQUER BONDS : - - : : ° ° - - - - 2 . : : : 1,760,000 
TREASURY BILLS: &. 
Three Months Bills, dated 28th March 1877 - - =| 1,639,000 
Six Months Bills, dated 28th March 1877 - - =| 661,000 
or 2,200,000 —_ — 
Amounts paid off in the same period, viz.: —\_— Mar cacanoe $$ _———_———— 
EXCHEQUER BILLS: 2,200,000 8,379,4 8,260,000 
Paid in New Bills (issued in exchange as above) - + | 4,052,500 
Paid off inmoney - - - . - 133,100 
i——_———_| - . . 4,185,600 _ 
EXCHEQUER BONDS: 
Series B, paid off 28th March 1877 - - += = =, 500,000 
Series C, paid off 30th i 1877 - 2+ 2, = =] 200,000 
‘Buea Bonds - - ig sceth (Nat Laie 10,000 
\—____| = - - - - - 710,000 
£. 2,200,000 4,193,800 7,550,000 
~~ TS um 


ToTaL Amount of Unfunded Debt on 31st March 1877, &. 13,943,800.¢ 


[Estimated Charge for Interest of the above (excluding Suez Bonds) in the Year 
1877-78, £. 220,000. ] 


[ Estimated Charge for Interest and Principal of Exchequer Bonds (Suez) in the Year 
1877-78, £. 200,000.] 


ke obavad: Bills, dated as under, viz.:— on 2 
11 June 1861, not bearing snterest - Oty, fie - - : : - : = = 100 
11 June 1871. - ditto - - - - - - - . - a 5 600 
11 March 1872 - ditto ° : > - - : - - - : - - 15,500 
: el 16,200 
11 June 1876 - cl ee de tee BRC =o as - ste wire . - 2,585,300 
Rianne Mere ees i eee ee we we we Sw] 1592800 
os 4,177,600 
* Exchequer Bonds, viz.:— ~ —————— 
4,193,800 
Series, Date, When Payable. Rate of Interest. Amount. 
£. 
Us, = =i Ae - -|24Mar. - 1875 | 24Mar. - 1878 1,000,000 
¥. = Pie aT -| 3Aug. - 5 3Aug. = 5 250,000 
We sees - - -| 7Sept - 5 7Sept. - 5 250,000 
pe an a BO cti a panyy BiOote f=) iy 250,000 
Ye oes =o =| SNoy. = » 3Nov. - 5 250,000 
- - - -, 3Now - » 3Nov. - » £, 3% p’ cent, per 250,000 
A - - - -\ -| 5Jan, - 1876] 5Jan, - 1879 annum, 250,000 
D - - = - -{29June - 4 | 29dune- , oe ; 500,000 
RE e s = os -| 29 Sept. a5 29Sept. - 5 - . - 600,000 
By - - - -|29 Mar, - 1877] 29Mar. - 1880 - - . 60,000 
pcrees 9 = 3,560,000 
Suez, under 39 Vict.c,1 -|20Mar, - is7o|{"etyepyePt)) . 3,990,000 esa 
y SATE Ty x D) ? 


‘Treasury Bills (as above) Te ie waa bee fe aha suse) =) ow a bee ps Se 2,200,000 


401. 


&, 13,943,800 


a ite 1 


84 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, | 
———————————————————————————————— 


EXPLANATORY Memoranpum of the AMOUNT included in the Statement 
on.page 34, under the Head of ManaGEMENT. 


UNREDEEMED CAPITAL, asit stood on the 6th April 1875 :-— 


New Annuities, at £.2% per Cent, - ° : : 
Consolidated Annuities, £,3 per Cent. - - . 
Reduced Annuities - - ditto - a . 
New Annuities - - - ditto aia - : 
New £.3} per Cent. Annuities - - - «+ -« 


Annuities for terms of years “)computed at 10 | 


years’ purchase 
tomake a nomi- 
nal capital - 


Annuities expiring in 1885 - 
Red Sea Telegraph Annuity - 


CHARGE FOR MANAGEMENT on the above Capital for the Year 
to 5th April 1876 : 


Bank of England (per Act 24 V. c. 8): 


On £. 600,000,000. 0. 0, at the rate of £4 d, 
£,300 per million - . . - | 180,000 - - 
On £. 110,710,489. 16. 11. at the rate of 
#.150 per million + . ° -| 16,606 11 5 


Bank of Ireland (per Act 28 V. c. 16): 
On £. 33,379,799. 19. 8. at the rate of £. 300 per million 


MANAGEMENT OF EXCHEQUER BILLS AND BONDS by the 
Bank of England, for one Year to 80 November 1876 (per 
Act 29 & 30 V. c. 25): 


On £. 6,471,800* (the amount outstanding on 1 December 
1875) at the rate of &.100 per million - - - : 


&. 
* Bills - : -| 4,221,800 
Bonds - : -| 2,250,000 


&.| 6,471,800 


Great Britain. Ireland. 
#. a d. &. & d, 
3,773,587 2 1 2,380 - - 
888,778,296 14 1 5,384,817 8 9 
94,582,794 10 38 139,507 6 4 
178,979,421 19 2! 27,853,146 6 7 
225,746 6 4 — 
463,658 10 - 
43,547,029 15 — _ 
359,955 - = 


710,710,489 16 11 | 33,379,799 19 8 
SI SEES EE 


196,606 11 5] | _ 
- - : 10,013 18 9 
647 3 7 _ 
/ 
“197,253 15 - 10,013 18 9 


“Nene 


AMOUNTS issued for payment to the Banks of England and Ireland - - £,207,267 13 9 
Amount issued for Salaries, &c, of the National Debt Office (see page 68) - 16,017 16 5 


= 


£,223,285 10 2 


SS 


oe ; z * Ss 


ay 


| 


_ FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 85 


STATEMENTS 


RELATIVE TO 


PUBLIC LOANS. 


Page. 
SUMMARY OF ADVANCES AND REPAYMENTS _ Cee fs) |= 8G OF 
REPAYMENTS OF ADVANCES IN THE YEAR TO 3lsr MARCH 1877 - - 88 & 89 


ACCOUNT OF THE PUBLIC WoRKS LOAN COMMISSIONERS TO 31ST aus: 90 & 91 
DAE ia ce toe ae Fe La PS SEER 9% ie MN a Ae 


STATEMENT OF ADVANCES EXCLUDED FROM THE ACCOUNT OF THE 92 
PUBLIC WORKS LOAN COMMISSIONERS - ° . : . ° - 


AccouUNT OF THE West INDIA ISLANDS RELIEF COMMISSIONERS, TO 93 
31st MARCH 1877. - : . : - - - - : i 


ACCOUNT OF THE COMMISSIONERS or PUBLIC WoRKS IN ee TOL 04 to 97 
31st MARcH 1877 - - - . - . . F) : 


ACCOUNT OF THE PAYMASTER GENERAL (DUBLIN) TO 31st MARcH 1877 98 
STATEMENT OF OLD ADVANCES NOT YET FULLY REPAID OR REMITTED - 99 


STATEMENT OF OLD ADVANCES WHICH HAVE BEEN EITHER FULLY 100t0102 
REPAID OR REMITTED - | - - - = 5 I : 


STATEMENT OF UNREPAID ADVANCES MADE TO COLONIAL GOVERNMENT 103 
FROM VOTES OF PARLIAMENT - - = - 5 4 o . 


401. 


i 
oe 
a 


86 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, [Details of 
een ee reece asec nsec re serra acre 


PUBLIC LOANS.—ADVANCKES anp REPAYMENTS. - - 


SUMMARY of the Amounts issued from the Excurqurr in 1876-77, for Button 
to the Excnrequer during the Year, and the Torat RepayMeEnts 


ACTS Tae as Issued from the 
seni Total Amounts 
UNDER WHICH THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH ADVANCED. Exchequer 
Advanced, 
ISSUES WERE MADE. in the Year. 


£. & d. ££. & d, 
33 Vict.c,10 - + - J] Bullionfor Coinage - - - - - -| 455,000 - - * 755,000 - = 1 
28: & 29 Vict..c,106 - =| Colonial Docks - <« .- == «= «| « : - - 82,000 - - 2 

9 & 10 Vict. c, 101, wee Drainage of Land -  - cele So eRe oie || Por is 2 F 2,110,287 8 7 

13 & 14 Vict.c. 381 - J | Inclosure Commissioners Gotland eee ee ae ‘3 3 E 1,873,944 11 65 
32 & 33 Vict.c.21 - - | Election Inquiry Expenses - - ees is - 67 14 6 16,327 10 11 6 
24 G25 Victiee28 =| "=i Holyhead Roadss-0. US aye) aa) seers [mr en + 83,7002 ee 6 

14 & 15 Vict. co. 89, a8) Metropolis Interments ¥ 76,786 5 ; 

15 & 16 Vict. c. 85 - (Brompton Cemetery) ; Son talest ts i 9 ie 7 
en et ane Sy * Sardinian Loan : - - - - - - - ia - Ie 2,000,000 - — 8 


&, 455,067 14 6 6,947,995 11 4 9 


See detailed iene Loans by Public Works Loan as eo 


TAsee OO GRUNT GE) Lu weed OCC Die ae : 3,222,551 9 1 130,721,686 311 | 10 


See detailed Statement, 


Loans by West India Islands Relief Commis- 
page93- - PA ek OP ee rece 


2&3 Will. 4, c. 125 - 
{ sioners - 4 } : : ; - 948,150 - - | Ih 


See separate Statement, Loans by Commissioners of Public Works 
pages 944097 - *| Ireland’ Ser cat Wang rete Pee x 409,750 - = 18,245,024 6 - | 12 


See separate Statement, } 


page 98 5 . 2 2¢| Loans by Paymaster General, Dublin - : - 138,694 7 8 7,178,460 14 11 13. 


- - 2,049,516 9 6 14 
&. 4,226,068 11 8 61,085,833 5 8 15 


See separate erred Old Advances from the Exchequer not yet fully 
page 99 Fue he es repaid orremitted - - : - - - 


- 5 - 19,017,152 10 ~ 16 


&, 4,226,063 11 3 J 80,102,985 15 8 17 


* This includes the amount of bullion advances outstanding at the commencement of the year only. 

t A payment to the Exchequer of 120 7, was inadvertantly omitted from this Account for 1875-76. 

q Advances to the extent of 3,074,052 7. 2s. 8d., were made in excess of this sum, the Accounts of which are now closed. 
Vide particulars on page 92. P 

§ It should be pointed ont, that the balances on the Accounts of the Commissioners at the Bank of England on the 31st 
March (the last day of the Financial Year) are not paid over until the next Financial Year. This accounts for the difference, 


which 


See separate Statement, }| Old Advances from the Exchequer repaid in 
pages 100 to 102 - - full or remitted - - - z ¢ 2 


at 


j 
| 


Exchequer Issues. ] 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 


87 


- - PUBLIC LOANS.—ADVANCES anp REPAYMENTS. 


and Pustic Loans, the Torat Amounts advanced for Loans, the Amounts repaid 
thereto, the Amounts remitted, and the Bauances outstanding. 


AMOUNT 
REPAID DURING THE YEAR 
TO THE EXCHEQUER, 


’ Principal, Interest, 

a ae 

“1 | 325,000 - - 
2 . - - 

-8] 69,118 - = 

4 82,799 - - 
5 ie - - 
6 800 = - 


7| 4864 4 4 


g| 36,986 8 1 
9| 468,862 12 5 


10 | § 661,265 5 9 
11 §3,406 19 8 


12] 105,747 111 


13 | 163,706 7 9 


Eales 35 


15 | 1,402,988 7 6 


16 3808) = 


17} 1,403,318 7 6 


“635 15 


43,713 11 11 


62,4387 7 7 


TOTAL PAYMENTS 


INTO THE EXCHEQUER. 


‘Principal. 
ce EY 
“325,000 = 
5,885 10 


1,806,637. 1 
1,744,660 7 


11,333 17 


t 61,099 


64,981 


570,162 


4,589,760 


§ 521,444 6 -2 | § 13,685,498 16 


§ 353 13 1 


67,754 5 5 


‘ 


2,582 14 8 


654,572 6 11 


- - r 


654,572 6 11 


§511,676 16 


5,008,800 17 


5,907,736 3 


» 15,941 19 


29,719,344 15 


16,014,078 6 
45,733,423 2 


AMOUNT 


BALANCES OUTSTANDING 
DUE TO THE EXCHEQUER 
on 81 March 1877, 


Interest. 


3,472 5 


791,251 2 
708,918 15 


55,018 10 


1,089,837 11 
2,648,498 4 


§ 7,544,914 - 


§ 505,693 6 


2,432,306 18 


248,903 1 


241,766 5 


13,622,081 16 


2,037,501 12 
15,659,583 8 


REMITTED. 


22,600 12 6 


65,754 18 
816,028 11 


1 | 5,899,415 12 


14,617 12_ 2 


7-| 147,500 - - 


5413 003,074 3 4 


Principal. 


See 8s 


430,000. - 
26,114 ~9 


_ 808,600 7 
129,284 4 


11,804 10 


1,429,837 11 


16,970,502 9 


} 120,444 12 


2,336,807 16 


1,251,106 19 


1,886,074 9 11 
4 | 6,465,917 6 11 24,900,571 3 5 


93] 9,468,991 10 3 |24,900,571 3 5** 


2,335,634 16 


Interest. 


354,235 3 8 
17,248 10 2 


64,0389 17 5 


No interest ac- 

crues to the 
Exchequer on 
Loans which 
have been mnade 
through Pay- 
master Gene- 
ral, Dublin. 


No calculation 
| has been made 
of the interest 
in arrear. 


which will be observed, between the receipts into the Exchequer and those of the Commissioners, as shown on pp. 91 and 93, 

~ Of course the “ Balances outstanding ” are also affected by this fact. ; 

|| Of this balance, 98,685 7.17 s. is considered to be irrecoverable. 

_ Deducting advances (755,000 2.) for bullion, the total amount advanced for Public Loans is ascertained, viz., 79,347,985 2. 15 8. 8 ds 
See also Note * above. 


** Dedui 


eting 
24, y470,571 1.38.5 4 of this sum 1,600,000 7. may be taken to be irrecoverable, 


401. 


G 


advances (430,000 7.) for bultion, the balances outstanding for principal on Public Loans will be found to be 


88 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 


[Details of 


REPAYMENT OF ADVANCES+#* 


Deraits of the Amount received into the Exchequer, in the Year ended 8ist 
March 1877, in Repayment of Advances made out of the Consolidated Fund for 
Purchase of Bullion, for Local Works and. Improvements, &c., and. for the Loan to 


Sardinia. 


BULLION for Coinage (repayment of Advances) - 
COLONIAL DOOKS + + © «-*© 2 © -» 


DRAINAGE of LAND Gnelosare Conunisstomcrs) Great 
Britain - - 


GLASGOW and CARLISLE ROADS - . ° - 


HOLYHEAD ROADS - - «= 


METROPOLIS INTERMENTS (Brompton Cemetery) - 


SARDINIAN LOAN (Sinking Fund) - - . . 


LOANS by PUBLIO WORKS LOAN COMMISSIONERS : 


PUBLIC WORKS LOAN FUND, ea i and - 


IRELAND (Ordinary) -  - = Ste 
SOUTH WALES TURNPIKE TRUSTS, - . - 


ANNUITY TAX ABOLITION se es and aloe 
trose) - = = & 


BELFAST and COUNTY DOWN RAILWAY 


CATTLE DISEASES PREVENTION - «© * = 


HARBOURS and PASSING TOLLS, &c. 
LABOURING CLASSES DWELLINGS - 


PORTPATRICK RAILWAY COMPANY = = - 


PUBLIC WORKS (Manufacturing Districts) 


RAILWAY Ope alte ee i a ac 
vances) - 


ACTS. 


33 V. c. 10 e o ° . 4 


28&29V.0108 « «= - «f 


} 9 & 10 Vic, 101,and 13&14V.c. 31 


Pe G. 8,c. 83; 58 G. 3, c. 44; 59 Gh 
3,c. 90; 1 & 2 G, 4,c,.127 (Local) 


24.625 Vacgol. «Pines cell 


14&16 V, c, 89,and15 &16 V.c.85 - 


18 V.c,17,and19&20V.c.39 - 


fo yee eto 9&10 REET 
14 & 15 V. ¢, 23, &e, - - - 


TR Beles) ad cas 
} 38 & 34 V. 0. 87 Eerste te 


31&32V.c.81 e © = 


29 & 30 V. ¢. 72: 


e 
s 
. 
. 


24 & 25 V.c, 80, and 29 & 80 V.c, 72 


29 & 30 V.c. 72 Pe 3 ree 


31 & 32 V.c. 81 1s eps 


26 & 27 V.c. 70; 27: & 2 V. | 
104; and 30&31V.c.32- - 


}29 & 80°V. 0. 95 ma gry cb RE 


Carried forward - - - & 


Amount 
received in the - 
Year, 


$23,094 16 10- 


636 5 8 
6,650 i 
18,835 - - 
7,272 10 11 
151,255 7 8 
2,308 6 10 


8,258 7 5 


59,930 10 7 


16,600 - = 


588,839 4 11 


Total. 


8. 7 8lad. 
325,000 - ~ 


101,912 


468,862 12 5 


' * The Interest on Advances from the Exchequer, formerly included in the Repayments, has, from Ist April 1874, been carried 


to Revenue under the Head of “Interest on Public Loans,” 


See page 22, 


at 


Exchequer Receipts.] FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 89 


7 


DETAILS of the Amount received for Repayment of Advances, &c.—continued. 


Amount 
ACTS. received in the Total. 
Year. 
&. Side &. 8 d. 
LOANS BY PUBLIC WORKS LOANS COMMISSIONERS Brought forward - - - 588,839 4 11 468,862 12 5 
—continued. 
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION (School Board Loans) | {70 Py oog 86 & 37 V. o 495} 42,686 4 11 
| 
SANITARY LOANS - - - - : - - | 36 & 87 V.c. 49 - - - - 29,739 15 11 
j ——_—_————| 661,265 6 9 
+ bbe we, 29 & 30 V. c. 72 _(Sarplns Tague a alee 
LABOURING CLASSES DWELLINGS 2 { a a: - : 330 
2&3 W.4,¢.125;5&6 W.4,0. 
WEST INDIA ISLANDS RELIEF hy ar Ears 51; 6&7 V.c, 63; and ll&12$! - Sis a 3,406.19 8 
Vic “22, (1 dS ee ie CP Ors : 

CoUNTY GAOLS (Building), Ireland - ~ - - | 60 G. 3, c. 103, and 7 G. 4, c, 74 -| - - - 3,436 10 6 
LUNATIO AsyLUMS (Building and Support), Ireland | {1 Ty g4igyretoy eet] - = | 180,086 1 9 
LOANS by COMMISSIONERS of PUBLIC WORES, 

IRELAND: 
IRISH LAND (Landlord and Tenant) - - -/| 33&34V.c, 46 4 8 at ak 4,617 8 - 
; 1&2 W. 4,¢. 338; 6&7 V. c. 44; 
LOAN FUND, IRELAND (Ordinary)) - - - { PGINV MoE AEE Obi, he} 63,238 9 11 
LAND IMPROVEMENT, IRELAND (eluding Pre- ? 
liminary Expenses) ” § 10 V. c. 32, &c. - - - - 46,483 2 8 
PIERS AND HARBOURS - - : - -|16&17V.c.136 - : - - 909 910 
ROADSAND BRIDGES -- - - - - -/|6&7W.4,c116 - - - + 498 11 6 
105,747 1 11 
7G. 4, c. 62;6& 7 W. 4, c. 84; 
VALUATION OF LANDS -\ - - . S 11 & 12 V.c, 22; 15&16 V.$! - - : 610 6 
c,.63; and 28&24V.c4- - 
BUILDING Scoots _—- / land he | ANCA kota mma ee ea - : 150 == 
RELIEF OF TRADE -) = : - -\[ 1G. 4,¢. 39,and8G.4,¢,118- -| - . - 47 6 1 
TOTAL RECEIPTS IN REPAYMENT OF ADVANCES - - - &,| 1,403,318 7 6 


SSS oe 


401. is 


\ 


90 


FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNINED KINGDOM, 


2 : 


Amount issued for the purpose of Advances |. 


by the Commissioners, under 39 & 40 Vict. 
c, 31, and sundry previous Acts - - - 


” Amount of Advances to 81st & «8 d. 
March 1877, as shown in 
theannexed Account. - | 80,721,686 3 11 


Amount excluded in respect 
of Services, the accounts 
of which are closed; 
surplus issues repaid to 
the Exchequer, &c. - - 


Balances of Issues in hand - £, 


3,074,052 2 8 


ho 8. ds 


33,805,231 6 7 


33,795,788 6 7 


9,493 = - 


} t ‘ 
ACCOUNT of the Pusiic Works Loan Commissionrrs, showing, to the 31st 
various Acts regulating their Proceedings; the Amounts advanced by the Commissioners ; 
thereon ; and the Balances Outstanding. 


ADVANCES 
BY PUBLIC WORKS 
LOAN COMMISSIONERS, 


FOR WHAT 
PURPOSES ADVANCED. 


Amounts 
Advanced 


im 
the Year. 


Total Amount | 
Advanced to 
81st March 1877, 


GREAT BRITAIN* : £. Be aa: 
Annuity Tax. Abolition, Edin-| - - 66,500 - -} 1 
burgh Town Council. 
Baths and Washhouses - ele . 81,846 - -] 2 
Bridges and Ferries - . oJ . 352,290 - -} 8 
Burial Boards - - - = 21,750 849,886 - -] 4 
Canals, Rivers,and Drainage -| - - 1,710,600 - -§ 6 
Cattle Diseases Prevention Act, | - - 290,000 - -] & 
Churches and Parochial Chapels | - - | 440,218 = =} 7 
Harbours, Docks, and Piers - 13,000 763,500 - -]} 8 
Improvement of Cities and 300 916,100 - -§ 9 
Towns, and Battersea Park, 
Labouring Classes Dwellings 14,000 203,670 = =| 10 
Act, 1866-67. 
Law Courts, Gaols, and other| - - 826,436 = -] 11 
Public Buildings. 
hoes Boards, Sanitary Loans, | 883,066 | 93,336,545 - -j 12 
EC. 
Lunatic Asylums - - -| = : 410,656 - +} 13 
Police Commissioners, Scotland | - : 82,555 = - | 14 
Portpatrick Railway Company - 7,900 120,841 - -—]} 15 
Public Works (Manufacturing | - + 1,759,015 - -} 16 
Districts), aot 18 bee 
Roads - - Pa ee - 666,270 -— —} 17 
School Boards - - - -| 1,814,629] 6,422,234 - -—1418 
School Boards (Scotland) - - 441,477 1,571,518 - -]19 
South Wales Turnpike Trusts - | - - 215,241 7 1420 
Workhouses - - - - 1,000 | 38,938,592 - =| 21 
IRELAND* : 
Belfast and County Down Rail- | - - 164,804 7 91 22 
way Company. 
Burial Boards - -- - =} - - 18,678 - -§ 23. 
Harbours - - - - Oe ies - 40,850 -— -— § 24 
Railways - - .-: - -| = «= | 2,686,300 = — Pas 
Railway Companies (Ireland) ]| - - 159,356 - +} 26 
Temporary Advances Act, 
1866. 
Read =". fe. ache, “cn, Pie She - 12,000 - -—] 27 
Sewage Utilization - - -] - - 11,085 - -—} 28 
Waterworks . - - -| + - 479,000 - -— | 29 
Workhouse - = - -| = = 2,000 - -} 30 
Harbours and Passing Tolls, &c. 52,500 | 2,183,649 31 
Act, 1861.* ——$—— 
£&. | 3,249,622 | 30,721,686 32 


Actual Receipt into the Euchequer - - ~- 
| 


- ©The advances under tho Harbours and Passing Tolls, ke, Act, 1861, were made for works in Great Britain, the Isle of Man, 
Treland, Colombo, and Lighthouses on Islets in Ceylon. 


at 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 


91 


March 1877, the Read: issued for the purpose of Apvances by way of Loawy under 
~ the Amounts paid into the Exchequer in repayment of such Advances, and for Interest 


AMOUNTS REPAID ON 
ACOOUNT OF 
THE EXCHEQUER 
DURING THE YEAR, 
AND INTEREST. 


Principal, Interest. 


&. 


i & da. 
5,650 -.- 


1 939 6 3 
2] 14040 - -| 1,058 14 10 
3] 1,041 5 8.| 4449 5 - 
4] 21815 5 -| 10,996 12 9 
5} 415818 7] 9,595 8 4 
O] 7.272 1011] 6955 4 1 
7} 989618 8| 2,495 14 10 
8] 342914 5] 4,745 4 - 

2,125 - -| 6,298 11 4 


6,553 15 9 


nm 
.—) 


2,280 8 8 


11} 21,679 410] 574011 7 
12} 6684015 -| 66,343 4 7 
13 | 45:539 14 11 | 5,381 17 10 
14] 2,92913 10] 1,284 2°3 
15) 3,258 7 5] 3,371 14 11 
16} 60,022 10 3) 3814711 - 
wt 1,306.5 - 906 12 11 
18 | 45,019 7 6 | 159,635 8 9 
1p | 23,822 2 4] 39,44618 - 
20 276 7 8 10 22 
21} 91,984 6 10] 29,121 16 10 
22} 18,835 - -| 7,297 11 4 
23 48318 - 254 1 9 
24 TOG 187 13 11 
25 | 92,693 13 10 | 47,930 18 - 
26} 16,600 - ~| 829717 6 
27 Big a. ae 
28 391 17 6 
29 14,486 17 4 
30 pee 
31] 

1| 60,014 5 3 
32 (8 | 542,974 - 7 
£. 6 2 


REPAYMENTS AND REMISSIONS, 


Total Payments into the 


13,685,428 16 


BALANCES OUTSTANDING. 


Bank of England, in Repaymentof 
Principal and for Interest. apes 
Remitted. 
Principal. Interest, Principal. | Interest. / TOTAL. 
nae ecm as Soeeatte. dy fo) 6d, oot aau & «da, & a da. 
33,900 - - 8,610 5 -| - - 22,600 - - - - 22,600 - ~ 
80,006 - —| 83,981 17 4] - : 1840 - - - '. 1,840 - - 
289,688 2 65 | 17652017 9] 7,675 - - 55,026 17 7 | 39,183 3 3 94,210 - 10 
625,607 16 8 | 373,293 6 4] 1,850 - -| 221,928 3 4 135 56 5] 222,063 8 9 
1,435,939 18 1 | 680,057 - 2] - - 274,660 111 : - 274,660 1 11 
83,266 4 9 82,778 6 2) - - 206,733 15 3 : - 206,733 15 3 
379,568 3 7 | 157,485 1 5] - - 60,649 16 5 | 38,650 11 4 64,300 7 9 
605519 18 9 | 244,916 17 7 |13,688 5 1 144,341 16 2| 2,866 810] 147,208 5 —- 
802,005 - -| 279,723 6 2] - - 114,095 - -| 88,637 11 8] 197,732 11 8 
24,169 6 7 | 382,6611611] - - 179,500 13 5 W723 11 179,672 17 4 
725,729 8 7 | 333,296 6 3] - - 100,706 11 5 : - 100,706 11 5 
735,793- 5 -| 410,997 18 2 265 18 4 | 2,600,485 16 8 3,765 15 7 | 2,604,251 12 3 
327,896 18 6 | 19485014 6] - : 82,759 1 7 : - 82,759 1 7 
10,129 11 4 10,694 1 9 - - 22,425 8 8 - - 22,425 8 8 
19,484 11 2| 21,60617 7] - - 101,406 8 10 : - 101,406 8 10 
722,309 16 1) 561,40915 3] - - } 1,036,705 3 11 270 17 10 | 1,036,976 1 
641,924 6 5] 300,929 18. 2 | 38,925 14 11 85,419 18 8 |113,948 810] 199,868 7 6 
95,186 14 8 | 335,884 14 -] - - | 6,827,047 5 4 449 7 2 | 6,327,496 12 6 
33,454 14 6 61,306 5 3] - - | 1,688,068 5 6 - - 1,588,063 5 6 
215,241 7 1) 125,854 - 1 _ — _ _ 
3,490,936 17 10 |1,179,899 10 1] 3,500 - -—]| 444155 2 2 208 6 8 444,363 8 10 
; { 
4480117 4] 35,319 7 3] - - 120,002 10 6 2,231 - 1 122,233 10 6 
14,080 2 - 5,075 11 8| - - 4,597 18 - - - 4,597 18 —- 
21,600 - -| 11,57410 2] - - 19,250 - 1,500 - - 20,750 - —- 
1,789,389 4 11 |1,256,286 -10] - - 896,910 15 1] 34,033 14 6 930,944 9 
120,956 - -—| 42,07915 6] - - 88,400 - - - - 38,400 - - 
© (660° =. — 480 = -]| - : 11,400 :- - - - 11,400 - - 
2,906 2 11 2,737. 311) - . 8,128 17 1 84 9 4 8,163 6 5 
3 > 4 2 
122,260 4 9 | 203,668 11 9] - - 356,739 15 3 - 3 356,739 15 3 
» 1,000 - - 769 8 1] - . 1,000.- - ~ - 1,000 - — 
371,299 8 2) 638,241 11 94 - = | 1,812,350:-11 | 20,121 8 - | 1,832,471 8 11 
13,766,601 2 — 17,592,940 16 10 | 65,754 18 4 /16,889,330.3 7 | 306,208 7 6 |17,195,538 11 —- 


"Note. —The difference between the sums in Italics, being the actual receipts in the Exchequer, and those received by the Com- 
missioners, arises from the ne that the sums received by the Commissioners in March are not, transferred to the Exchequer until 


_ April following, 
401. 


H2 


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~ 


94 FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


PUBLIC WORKS LOANS (IRELAND). - 


STATEMENT of the Commissioners of Pusiic Worxs in Ireland, 
various Acts, the Amounts advanced, the Bnew into the Exchequer in 


and Interest remaining ene 


PARTICULARS OF ISSUES :  Amotnts FOR WHAT PURPOSE 
AUTHORISED. ; LTR IN ADVANCED, 
4 Commissioners, é - 
For PUBLIC WORKS LOAN FOND, IRELAND: Hae way PUBLIC WORKS LOAN 
- 4 FUND: 
By Act1 & 2 Will. 4,¢. 33 | 744,650 - - Grand Juries of Counties; mak- 
ing and improving Roads, 
& 6&7 Will.4,c¢.108 F 100,000 ~ - Court Houses, &c. 
» 1&2Vict.c.88 -| 46,000 - - Pie Works 9 vie ee 
»  9&10 Vict. c, 108 | 145,000 - - Local Boards, i paprowng mama 
ships,&c,  - = 
» 10&11Vict.c.106 | 370,000 - - Ronds and. Bridges, for roads, 
»  2Victe23  -f 200,000 - - ag Deets, Se.) 
| Inland Navigation, ae. 
oy 11 & 12 Vict. c. 51 | 138,648 15 7 ments - 3 2 
» 13&14 Vict. e. 81} 800,000 - - coe 
Sundry Acts continued Maynooth College, sates 
by 29. & 80 Vict. ce. 73 > |2,010,000 - —- and improvements . 
(60,0002. per annum) - Railways, in aid of construction 
Total Issues authorised |4,554,298 15 7 Quarries, Mines, &e.,in aid of 
sundry works = . vo 
poral samen? are 4,389,298 15 7 | 4,389,298 15 7/| Ecclesiastical Commissioners 
to 81 March 1877 -) |" 1% Act, 6&7 Will, 4,c.108  - 
Balance available for £, | 165,000 Harbours, Docks, &c., in aid of 
future Issue - : ° Os construction > ice bas 
—— Fishery Piers and Harbours 


Act,9 Vict.c.3 - - 2 


Labourers’ Dwellings in Towns 
Act, 29 & 30 Vict. c. 44 - 


cae Ons Act, 33 Ms ad Vict. 
112 


ade Health Act, 87 & 38 
Vict. Gc. $3" ~= - 


Exchequer Bills issued ae 
afterwards relodged—- 

River Drainage and Saesaon 
Act, 5 & 6 Vict.c.89 - 

River Drainage Maintenance 
Act, 29 & 80 Vict. c. 49 - 


River Drainage a 26 & a7 
Vict. c, 88 


TOTAL, Public Works Loans 


By Act'9 & 10 Vict.c.107 - (Issues ceased) | 4,797,648 12 1 /* Employment of the Labouring 
Poor, including Labouchere 
‘ Drainage in 1846-47 - - 


2&3 Vict.c61 = ditto ~ - |. 294,090 - -| Improvement of Shannon 
; Navigation - - - - 


Carried forward - + - &. | 9,481,037 7 8] - . * + ae fo - ~ | 208,961 3 10 


a 


Issued from 


the Exchequer Jon Loan a 


in the Year. 


CoA NOT: 5 


210,000 - - 


showing 


Advances 


the Year. 


1,583 18 


42,400 —- — 


208,961 3 10 


| 22 - 
23 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 


95 


- PUBLIC WORKS LOANS (IRELAND). 


to the 8ist March 1877, the Amounts authorised to be issued by way of Loan under 
Repayment of such Advances, the Amounts Remitted, and the Balances of Principal 


Total Amount 
Advanced, 


662,243 3 8 
226,849 19 11 
ae eee es 
43,700 - - 
69,950 - = 
35,000 - - 


18,642 
278,199 - - 


14,550 - - 
100,000 - - 
198,350 - = 
50,091 
29,258 - - 
142,028 13 4 
141,543 - = 
3,700 - - 
2,082,052 7 3 
16,351 7 6 


262,426 
4,389,132 


21 | 4,797,648 12 1 


22 
293 


9,480,870 19° 9 
ae 


294,090 - -| 


Beye) sous during Total sae Saag the eens Balances Outstanding. 

Principal. Interest. Principal, Interest. oi Principal. Interest. 

fo Si ae. ia 0 a oy 8. & & da. &. 8 d, Sp Bh Oy Wi eee 

4,264.19 9 | 1,286 4 5} 613,114 12 10 85,806 3 8] - - - 49,128 10 10 Gr 

- - . 2 69,671 18 1} 18,666 3 2} 156,678 110 = = 
1,550 - -| 60410 2 A ee 1,311 6 4] : = 12,385 - - 3418 4 

- - 500 - - “30978 8 1] 18817 9 - 2,971 11.11 9850 - -| 551312 1 

200 - -| 1,258 5 9 14,603 1 3 61,401 13 39 - - - 65,346 18 9 | 14,242 12 10 

- - = = . 33,046 2 1 6,822 14 2 1,953 17 11 _ oe 

- - . 2,785 -10 3,110 14 6 15,857 9 2 _ a 

- - 3,506 - 5 167,200. - - 80,775 1 6] - - - 120,999 = =] 1,823 13 9 

: : * : 14,550 = - 3,048 4 8 = a bes 

- : - - 100,000 - - 43,453 11 1 — = _ 
1,773 4 1| 2,40017 4 54,2383 1 3) 141,664 7 9 68,186 3 3 75,980 15 6} 7,57718 - 

723.17 56 208 14 1} 42,519 16 2 2,375 13 6f - - - 7,571 65 9 =3 

207 3 - 427 14 8 638 1 6 1,321 7 -] - - - 28,616 18 6 = 
2,073 1 2} °3,682--8-—9 6,291 12 10 8,892 16 9] . : - | 136,737 = 6 = 
3,059 12 7 | 3,763 16 4 3,810 10 5 4,281 19 3] - - = | 137,782 9 7 — 

- - - - 3,700 - - 361 14 7 _— — — 
32,088 5 8 | 6,022 2 7 f 749,122 6 8 | 772,552 1 241,196,795 12 3] 186,134 9 4 167 17 3 
1,664 - 1 653 11 10 4,061 10 3 1,897 13 - - - 12,289 17 3]. 1418 8 
5,684 4,741 7 7 26,714 1 9 23,264 18 Of - - - 235,712 2 4 290 10 10. 
63,238 28,950 13 11 {1,928,255 3 — |1,269,82013 4 | 1,442,449 16 4 1,018,434 8 4. 29,166 1 9 

- . - - 502,700 13 10 87,279 14 2] 4,294,947 18 3 — oa 

iS - - - 281,453 7 2 48,460 - 9 - - - 12,636 12 10 — . 
53,2388 9 11 | 28,950 13 11 [2,712,409 4 - {1,405,560 8 3 | 5,737,390 14 7 1,031,071 1 2 29,166 19 


é 


H 4 


96 


FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


aa annnr EEE enn nEEEEEEEREEREEERREEEEEEEEIEEEEEREEREEEREEEER 


SraTEMENT of Commissioners of Public Works in Jreland, showing to 31 March 1877, 
nn ne eee rt ne err nn il 


PARTICULARS OF ISSUES Amounts | FOR WHAT PURPOSE | Issued from Advances 
AUTHORISED. Issued to the ADVANCED. the Exchequer jon Loan duri 
Commissioners, in the Year. the Year, 
nie et iC £6.20. & 8 a 
Brought forward - - - & | 9,481,037 7 8| - - ~~ =: | 210,000 = = | 208,961 310} 1 
For LAND IMPROVEMENT, &c.: ¥ 
&. s. d. 
By Act 10 Vict. c, 32 - {1,500,000 - - 
» 12 Vict. 0, 23 - | 300,000 - - 
» 13814 Vict. c.81 | 200,000 - - 
» 29 & 80 Vict. c, 40 {1,000,000 - - 
Total Issues authorised |3,000,000 - - Improvement of Lands, viz., 
otal rnonnt.d a if drainage, eetien CS ian 
ota. ount issue ~ .| 2,727,000 - - buildings and farm labour- 5/1929000 - - = 
to 81 March 1877. - | [22727000 eae ers’ dwellings, planting for eo be 2 
Bes lable £ shelter, &c. - . 
Tei ed BE step. - 
For IRISH LAND ACT PURPOSES : 
By Act 33 & 34 Vict. c. 46 |1,000,000 - - For Advances to tenants for 
purchase of their ere and 
if to landlords for reclaiming é 
De ists} 359,000 - - | 359,000 - - waste lands, and compensat- 75,000 - —| 76,206 3 
ing tenants for improve- 
Balance available for be ment and for disturbance - 
futureIssue  - 4) on 621,008 
By Act 57 Geo. 3, c, 34 + (Issues ceased) | 491,444 19 8 | For Public Works - - - - - 4 
» 6&7 Will. 4,c, 116 - + * =] 129,700 - -| Repairs of Post Roads end 
Bridges- - «+ 1,500 - =| 1,324 6 
») PNIct. C4: <> - (Issues ceased) 23,500 - -| River Drainage, Preliminary 
Expenses - - - - 5 - 6 
p- v0 Vict.t.82,8. 1b = =< = 32,700 - -| Land Improvement, Prelimi- 
; nary Expenses - - - 800 - - 7 
»  16&17 Vict, c, 136 ea cace WAP) 3,426 8 11 | Repairs of Fishery soa and , 
Harbours -  - 450 - “= 8 
» 19 &20 Vict. c. 62 - - - i 2,430 - -| Maintenance of aviation 
Works executed in connection 
with Drainage Works - - . » 9 
TOTAL Amount issued to 31 March 1877 |13,250,238 16 3 
TOTAL Amount adyanced on Eoan to 
31March1877- - - = d 13,245,024 6 - 
BALANCE of Issues in hands 
od National Debt Com £.| 591410 8 ToTars - - - £. [409,750 - -|409,146 7 8] 10 
missioners - = 


* Under 40 & 41 Vict. c. 27, 21,5457, 11s, 10d., or Principal of Loans, included in this Statement, has been 


Office of Public Works, Dublin, 23 May 1877, 


ay 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 97 


the Amounts authorised to be issued by way of Loan under various Acts, &c.—continued. 
a a ey 


Repayments during Total Payments into the 
Total Amount d the Year Exchequer. Amounts 


Advanced, Remitted. 


Principal. Interest, Principal. Interest, 


Balances Outstanding. 


Principal. Interest. 


£. 8. d, coh ARCA) ae Sa: B & ad, Se sv ees Ok Sa ae dy 


& & Gi Ss wae 


1} 9,480,870 19 9 | 53,238 9 11 | 28,950 13 11 2,712,409 4 - {1,405,560 8 8 | 5,737,390 14 7 [11,031,071 1 2)|29166 1 9 


2 | 2,723,442 4 4) 45,833 2 7 | 27,418 4 11 ]1,797,669 4 6] 79801113 1] - - = 


3] 357,958 13 -| 4617 8 -|11,205 6 7] 1719713 3| 3327210 8] - . . 
4] 49144419 8] - 2 180 - -]| 307,311 4 -| 195,462 510] 147,938 3 10 
5) 129,251 - 4 49811 ¢| = =f 107,907 3 3| -« Dearie 
Gil 28:00 = = |» > - - 9,726 810] - - 13,773 11 2 
7} 32,700 - -| 650 - 1] - - 31,303 11 6| - - 1,013 3 1 
8 3426 811] 909 910] «= - 2,976 8 11 ee wl eee te 
9 2480 - -| ‘= - e 2,300 - - SSL heme sg 1s 


a a 


* 
10 $13,245,024 6 - | 105,747 111 | 67,754 5 5 §5,008,800 17 2 |2,432,306 18 1 | 5,899,415 12 8 


remitted, This sum will be added in next years’ Statement to the column “ Amounts Remitted.” 


401, 


925,772 19 10 st 


340,761 - 9 _ 


36,895 11 10 | 34,873 15 8 


1,343 17 1 _ 


130 - - — 


——$_—___. 


2,836,807 16 2 | 64,089 17 5 


W, B, S.ady, Accountant, 


FINANCE ACCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


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101 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 318T MARCH 1877. 


# 


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“GHST ALENT 9% i ZI 


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— 68628 


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401. 


—e ee 


FINANCE AGCOUNTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, 


102 


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- + = > suoTay 
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ALIUOHLAV| SLNOONV ENAOWYV 


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PUv *SOdTAIAG [TAIN JO 10788) 
*JOIMSVOLT, OLA, 


FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 1877. 103 


STATEMENT of Un-reraip Apvances made to CotoniaL GoverNMENTs from 
Votes of Parliament. 


Year Amount 
COLONY. {in which Vote. Amount, | Purpose for which Advance made, | remaining 
Voted. Un-repaid, 
£, &. 
St. HeLunaA - | 1871-2 | Grants in Aid 5,158 | To defray certain Debts specified 5,158 
of Colonies, in Parliamentary Paper, 395, of 
Civil Services, 1871, page 14. 
Class V, 
GoLp Coast -| 1874-5/- - ditto - 35,000 | For Works and other Services - 20,000 
Fil- - - | 1875-6 40,000 
- - ditto - - - ditto - - - - - | 75,000 
1876-7 35,000 
fete aa - Army  - - | *19,919 | Expedition to suppress Outbreak | 15,919 
Bea at Kimberley. 


TOTAL on 3lst March 1877 - - - #£.| 116,077 


(SEG Se 


* This is the Amount of the Hxtra Expenses incurred by the War Office, so far as at present known, 
The Total Amount of the Debt is to be paid by instalments in five years. 


401. 


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