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EnlrttO a1 ;(tiitiaiin'«' IkllL 



[Tkt Aatiar rarrttt to kinurl/lbi ICiijhl 0/ TraiutnliuK.\ 



ahktmjS m NISEIS wji^m 



EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, 



4t»m 1^1 most ^utbtiitic |licdonci of 
1^1 Itriolr. 



HON. SIR EDWARD GUST, D.G'.L. 



D ODLONGI. aV tHB HlXtUItltB QVEKN S 



" B; rmding you vill be diitlitiiiiiiticd : nilhoul ii r<'iii' nhililin vtll 

be DflUlloilH." 

(iBNBBiL Sir CHABLEsNsrrKft's Jihiofloa Yuhiu/ ttfia». J 



L 



Toi. IV. 1783—1795. 



LONDON: 

JOHN MVHKkY, ALBEMAttltS SlU'ESK. 



" Th? BTimrfHit dnlilier, Iniiilli/ liiiir In Ufty, 
SIU by thn flro wiil ullu ihn nlRht ttwny, 
OrifiYM o'er llio wonnrtB, mi<1 tnlen ii! wirmw done, 

UOLMNd 






ft)- THE SAME Aurnoit, 

4 v'jIh. Fo«p. Uvo, 6«.'ii«li, 

ANNALS OF THK WARS OF TIJK NINETEENTtT 

CBNTUUY. 1800-16 1 

InduilliiK Mii.iTtHi riiiR:ii,-rKiiiof ihn Comuiniikiu of ilin Flm 

atid AkuiMiif EKTj Nfttiiiii witliiii llial |nirii 




^^B; ~^| 


1 


1 


17^3. 




1785. 






1. Oiptare of Kvw Pravi- 


SB 


!. TrcalT hotw*™ the Empe- 


an 




dmo br > VnlunlKr . 




ror Jm^Uand the D>ltfh 


16 




S. FtpiiD h) eonlwt wUh her 




3. TheI>ulchHl.dlhaldeTde- 






^Colonic . . . 




privBd of Mililarj Ho- 






i. TTir iB Ind^a — Il»«n1 




Doura by the Haia 


ih. 




MMh.«. overmn. M- 




3. rheElDpr«.Cathaiineoh- 






UW and capture. Ihs 










MjWM Towni . . 




CiiiDBa 


ib. 




4. Tiptwo. Soltin IDEUM 
M.lh™ lori Uk« Mm 




1786. 






B. CaniHibitmenthiiBritrih 


3 


1. Dnth and MlUtarr Cha- 
ncier of Frederick Il„ 






iHidFrenohMCudiiiloM 




Kin««rPruura . 


17 




e. The fifth oiul liul Action 




Z The Porte putt dn»-n «> 
Innrrection in E<7pt . 






htrtwoen Hueheauid De 




20 




SaHnm . . 










I. Tho French mako t .ign- 
roiu Sortie from Cudda- 




mrnine-poiiii gf Pe«™ 


21 




loiF. irhich ii repulKd . 
». 8itj« of Manpilunbj Tip- 


a 










1787. 






poo Sultan tonverwd 
intoBBloiIude . 


111 


1. The Prince of Bruniwir-k 
enw™ Hqllanii «ith 
Pruatlan Troop* . 

3. TheDriaiharmindoleiice 






». N.^o.^o» .ith Ti^ 


n 


23 








of Pruaoa and Holland 






1784. 




igiinal Fmico 
3. Tho Stadlholder of Hot- 


3S 




J. Fall of MangalDre . . 


13 


land re<nm. to tho 






a Coaclmion of lliB War in 




HnguB in trimonh 


ih. 




India .... 


13 


I. Interriflw of the Emperor 






S. Bpab In eonictt with the 




Jo»pi. u>d tho Eo.(™ 






Bai'bcrjF Powen . 


U 




ih. 




4. Tho Emperor Jo«ph at 
open Var *ith the 




fi. The Turki declare W«bT 












\ 


Dalcb .... 


ib. 




Ocraanj , 


15 








fi. SWWoIviKnw 




^ 


. 



OOMTBMTS. 



1788. 
I. TbaBonl Bnriniieri 
9, Wu b*(*Hn Kiuiii, ths 
Kmplro, knil tha PorM . 

3. Bwcilfn aiul DcniTuirk en* 

4, Tbi Impori*) nfoartl. Al- 

tImI. ulnn«f upon 



iiuon tlifi Csmpiilini . i 
7- ThvTurkiMUuiklfaoPrlnpg 

of SUB-CobUT]! U Ro- 

huttn . . . . t 
(1. Thl Umppriir «u1 Onnd 
Vixl«r npjioMd nl [kl- 
gmde . . . . 1 
S. Vielorr (if tlio Piinfo af 
NuHii OTvr tba Turki 
*t Kinburn , , I 

10. Tba Prinoa of C^burg b*- 

■Ifgm uitlukoOharxim 1 

11, Ths (iruid Vlilor invodfi 

tbe IkanMof Tenirimr 1 
I'J. NoTlnnllalBtHlDUinhiU 

l^nJon . . . i 
18. N»».l W« bMw»n iho 

Tntlu *n<l KuHmnH . i 
U, W« bdlwovn Ihs Ri>ai>ni 

udSwedMlnthsBiUtB 1 
Ifi. NstkI Battle oir UDUiUnd : 
U. Wiir hclifHn tha 8wiidH 

■nil Dunn in Mormii ! 
17, Tho Turk! ictnua bv rlie 

RuHlnlit ill Ills lAmnn 

of thn niiwk H«i . . i 
IS. The RiLiiann iindi-r Po- 

tcmkliicniimroOtakow ; 
in. Wnrln biiii. ... I 

1789. 

1. On tJioDmlhafthoSiillati 

tho Onmd Vi«ior i* ilo. 
powd Mid miinttrait 

2. Ptopw of tb« Wu on tti* 

■Ida nf Iha Imporliillitt 
—Tho Tuiki doffloud 
mJ Iheir CuDp utoriBoil 
ofl til Stnlh . . i 



, . - - «i. 

Turk S 

a, liondon Itkci Dclindi . S 
«i. BMiIa »r Boador xalnod ky 

Pot«mkinoi«flhfTurka ill 
7. Wu- hclvprn the Simlei 

ui<l Kuiilani . S 

H. IthKHlihcd In Itio Nathai^ 

lunili — Thn Kmpenw^ 

Atilljorllr overthniliqM^ 

^1 



jo»ph . . ^7* 

I. The Cmnpiliin on the Dl- ^ 

nubc fliMnihx ths Block- 
nde and Cipture ot New 
Unova .... lb 

.1. The Turk, doroat amanl 
Thum near (Iliirgenh- 
PcoceFOocludnl betwaaa 
Auitila lud Tiirke; at 
Relchanhuh . . , ib 

4. Doaih uod MlltUn' Clw- 
raclororMaiihal Loudon 41 

A. War holwaen Ruaaia anl 
Hwnlen—Thi KuHian* I 
nuulieit at Karnankotkl 4 

a. TliuKliijiiirHwodrnukn 
Valklili aud idrancH 
10 Ilorgo ■ .4 

7. Tho Duke of 8udornian1* 
with llin Hwodtih Fleet 
■itapkn Reiel and !• n> 
pulled .... 

H. Tho KliieorHwadeiiwItli 
hi- FIrot of naUap 
iltanki Proderlokatiun 
itllhtuertH. . . 

II. OrratNa'alKDrDuntarha- 

tnwn the Riiolani and 

Hwe.1 

lU. Tho KInf orflwtdaa (alol 
a iron NaTal ViRiarir 
aver the PrlnteofKaeiau 

II, Warhatwoan the KiiHlant 
and Turki <D Iho Modi- 



rTQ« vOioi AnntA V^ 





^ 


^" 




^^L. OONTKNTB. ix 


REth ..i Mai«7 c-h.-' 


*" 


17. SelllHneiil of the Diipnu 


mclBrofPrinnnPoMin. 




beiKi^rD tha Bmperor 




.M 


«.dhuikl™Sab'^ei, 78 

18. IWi>min«i «rthf French 

Ite«olu<><m . . \l. 


14. Wu- in tndiB . . 


55 




56 


1 






1792. ^m 


anil atiKk! Mroilow. . 


6a 


17. QtBeni AbtKnmhie. the 




1. W.r in tndi>. Lord Com- ^H 


Kium, snd [he Mib- 
mUi idvance upon 




».llu i»>e.u Seringa MM 


M,.«™ . . . 


BD 


2, SiKbtA"u.cl[u^iTip[N«.-; ^r 
Camp . . .83 


1791. 




iowin; Moraini . . 3fi 
4. Scringepaiim bc^iisged in 


1. Wtrin India— Loi'dCorn- 




m^}l• ttke. ihe Field 




form . ... 87 


3. BtMlora ^^riVd "nJ 


fil 


6. Tippoo SulUn inbiniti ind 




(leliveri up bit two Sont 


63 


ullo.w«« for. Treaty 88 






6. Dcmlh ud Miiltar; Cb*. 
ruter of Admiril Lord 




64 


*. Comwdlii i. joined by ilio 
Klum and »d™iicm lo 




Kodney . . 90 i 
7. Miliiuj Cb«n.cler uf Ad- 1 

fflirj do Suffren . . 92 






G5 


& LardCorn«>n»-ithdn»i 




6. D«ib >nd Milintry Cbn- 




hitAnnjIoBangBlore. 


6B 


rseier af Go.UiTn. lU. 




6. The Mkbnti. Army iia- 




ofS««d«. ... 93 




eipceiedlr iuini Lnrd 




9. Foim:.iDfcUnlionofWir 




Cor.«ll{, . . . 


C3 


bi Fiance ii(^ni( the 




7. Lurd Ci.niw.Uii Kdii«l 




Umpire ... 95 


f 


the Uiil'Poru >rouDd 




10. W\r romnicnfed on (be 


I 


B»ng»lore . . . 


70 


Nnnhoni Fmation of 




8. TippoonraJ.. Force to u- 




Fr.nc« . . . ib. 




nultCoimbEiore. which 




11. The Duke of Brunrairk 




ImpulNd . 


72 






9. ColoiUtORi heiiend and 
lalimi bv Tipuoo t Troops 




■nd crouei the Rhine . 96 


' 


73 


12. BeliUi*e Force* on the 




10. Lord Coi-ixnlli. uuulu 




Geraus Frontier of 






Pr»Bee. ... 91! 


1 md OotnulrDDK . 


74 


13. AffdrofYnlmy . . 99 








14. The Allied Annie) repu> 




uoMofGonimciinds . 


7e 


th>' MeuH . . .100 




12. TliD Mabnttu gM Pd<h<- 




15. War on the lulliin Fron- 




uooofHoolT-Unoreand 




tier . . . ,102 




defcal Tippoo'. Army . 


ib. 


16. War ou ll.e Belgian Fion- 




13. Wu b.lwee^.'^U.c Riiuiu.. 








■ndTurlu . . . 


7a 


IB. Freach enter Drutbeli— 




U. PrellnjiMficiEnedjlOii- 






Uli^Pm«ofJ«iy . 


ib. 


BMiego Antwerp end 




15. AffiurofNootka»oun<tbe- 




19. ■W«oB'eneO™.«.^™&- ^ 




(■wnOnaliBrilaiiiuid 




; 8p^ . . . . 


78 




/« Cn^rw. *i fieidieabneh . 


ib. 


Vt*ntfo« . - -^"^ 


Fat. IV. 




' * 


. 


__ 





111. Nw(lHirl» 

■tl. HitMUni Innil* I'olaHil 



I. ITMlhorirfAliXVI, I 

•i Wir ilrcUml tiatvisn 
ritMllhiulii anil Ifnl- 
WnAmiVniw. . . I 

t tltinxHirin imint Mnllan' 
-Tim IlrUttli hoi trul 
niHtlri HI>K> of Wll' 
llMiiaUull > 

(, Th* VmtU unilw Ml- 

MTM lb. M>UW , .1 

ft. Ouuimirtm taliwtUdiMn' 

mind fmm Mlnmili . >' 

7. Dtbptinn of IfuniMiirlM . I'll 

iNRil ll>nnciuilM 

IimnIIkC 
nAtwfrfilu ,__ 

H«tii . . . . m 

10, Wmm> ilw OifBiMi Kren- 
it*r - Til* r><iU u( 
llranawltb ilil'™ l«wli 
timllne . »i. 

II. W»r iiu ill" K'ffllinn 

IfrMrtW - . . IW 
13. Tlw Vwneli MWh lilt A 1 

llM ItHl ■» mnilHU . 'il 
13, ]ntam.<(l».lal!<iVn..1t. IW 



■ 0.ml.™, . I« 

aw, ■nu.AlH*ifAnnl»<i*|l»f»'" Hfl 
at. l^trnM W«' Mlnlin*i "' 

fnti-f—ltii Chtnein ih. 
B n» ffrai» at tMboif ha- 



I, Tim VuU of Y*rb br« 
■Ifu w ItunkliW- 

■ii ll<ltl.l«iilll"IJllwh<iM* . I« 

■Jft. Tl.« *wn-t»\ (Liwrtl 

KiiuiUiiUullliiltDnl . IK 
30, TU. i.i.pfil.llt» !"»(• 

'J7 'ri» liBrilt nt WtitipikH . lU 

1. T1i» Kiwiili liM"!!* WI'U' 
V), W41 •F[i ttiK itntiiHHi Vrun- 



WLiwol^in . . II 
. T r.i«l.n.M«ll.. ,.„ 

lCi»l uT IDkliK ■ IA> 

«i. Thf Vi>ii<ili uniliff tini'lu 

«n follwl m KdMttiw- ,_ 

u, in 

M. Tli« ll*ill*arih«<UliUr| l« 
84. W.f In U V«iil*« , . I" 
W. W.f III tlw !>««»« 
m. Il*Kl*art)i*TrMl11« . I 
87. W« en lln Iwll"" fnm- 

l*i.ru<1it«rnr AnllUrr U!i 

an. Kkbi w-f - „ ■ '" 

tif, Wi-r tn III" WhI »nd IM 



I. WtronUitOfnnMil'fn- 

1. Wm <in th* llfl'fJoH Vtm. 
lUr— Wfiw « Uniltw)' 
~h(l%\t ut IMtlik Oft- 

.titi •( Vil1«f. m _ 

y Plxhfirrii td 



Hl>|[r_)trlil«l> <:< 



^ 











COireilfTB. H 




rAOS 


FlOl 




8lBMll.<rfT<.nr™in . . 198 








S. B>ttli!i>rT(»n»;orPont- 


.nd KimisuBn . . V^ 


■ 




*-Chii>. . . .301 


». The nritiih Armr nitir. ^ 
behiud Ihe UbJno. ud H 


■ 






■ 




n. Tbe Auitriini mceoaTul 


tl,o Duke of York r«- JH 


■ 




n lh« Sralirc . . 301 


turii> to EiiKluid . . ^M 


■ 




12. Yprw bwiepid ud Ukw 

^ ^r Ih. FNnch , 207 


SC. UtD<-nl DiHideli croiMt ^^ 






the Ice. Mid dri«. bwk 






Is. Tb« AnitriiD) tn >gim 


l]>e riuLeh . . . ai7 








37, The Frrneh drivao hack 






b« .... SOB 


«to« the W«d . . 3S9 








38. Wnr iu U Vaiulfa ind 






kcn-llnlilo <.r Kliuiui 209 


Bnuaiif . . . ib. 






li. Thr Alll=d Aeuiio rMiro 


89. W« in the Pyrciw» . 268 






behind U... I>»1« . . 313 
.je. Thr Britiili ■nd Auilriui 


40, Bi.lllc uf St. Moresll ind 






Cipture of FDMit-isbift 981 








41. Iluuemml«lKVul»Bp.in, _ 


^ 




FortTHHi— Dmtli of 


ud l> killed— Tbc Sc*. ^ 
niih Otami U UnfuB .^H 


■ 




■ 




Robeipierrc , .217 


i. killed .SH 


■ 




B. Niiuport uiiitnUtn. and 


42. W«- i« the We.1 Indie- ^M 


■ 




Ihe " LoTil EmimuiM " 


the F«nc6 . . .270 


■ 




•niDiHurrd . . ib. 








41 N.v,l W« . . ,271 






tier , . .318 


1795. 






iBKorConicu . ^230 


1. WMontheNorlbernPpon- 






1. Howe't Victory dffll.h«i[ 


tifr— Affur lil GDldrr- 






SD the lirn of Juries . 323 


Mtittm .973 






9: Ciuura ot Ihe Frfncli 

WHt Inaiiin liUndu . MB 


2. Hel!»nd ormun by ihe 






French, . . 274 






B. WirinUVEodte— DMtb 


3. Wslmoden rrtlni behind 






ofUUocl.<.-J«quolin.229 


tbe E™..-The Britidi 






4. Wir ™ the P?™..™ 


emhark for EngUnd . 27S 






FMnll.r . . . 23J) 


*. PtuwU nmkei Peue with 






IBMllegfDoHlon . .23* 


France , . . .377 






g. Wu oil lliB lullin FroB- 


6. WwiBthePjrcn™— SlBgo 






titr .237 


in<iC.|.lun,orBn.B. .2711 






7. iB»B.iioi,otih.M«r"pt'238 

B. Bdripittlon knd Mlliurj 
Ctmrafter of the Oc- 


6, Nan) W.r-Admiril Ho- 






Ihuiu'ii Vic lory iu the 






MediLTrsnean . . 2112 








7. StiiteofthKoiipniingArmiea 






Cobunt .3*0 
P. W«T on Iha Ofriaim Pruo- 


oniheFronlicwotPwneo 2M4 






fl. PiwifiuiliooorUVend**, 3BS 






ticr-Prcncb ici^ 


bpron-Lonl Bridport'i 






Trt«. . . . .241 






A Vtr in llallind . . 244 


N»v«l Victory off I.le 






1. Rghl .t Boxtel-Wrlling- 


dB Croix . .237 






wn flm «n.!er lire . 245 


10. FrrnehEmimolAnnyde- 

fcMed m Quiberon . lb. 






B. Bittlii or tho R'ifT— Auc 






Iriut <io« Ihe Rhine . 246 








ft TlMUuAeorrorkdriMin 


W. Tta ■SLovaWu*^ t^^«. ■■, 




■clM>thaMeuK<— Com- 


ctQU ft« \CtvS.™— JAis^- _ \ 




totJtBooiiuel . .248 


VwmtaVea . ■ -^ 






^. 


1, 



18. Tt» Iniwri«llil4 rMIr* b«- 
blnd tli* Mifn~RliIr. 
WX tnil WarmtH nnlu 'HH 

14. JounUIn rdm lh« fUm 

i,(Mtfruta . . Wi 

in. Thi AuitHimiMkioHAr- 
lt« frani Mwniiw uil 
HMka Mmhdm . . SUA 



Outrun . : 

lUtlniiii-nt tnil WniUr* 



30. K»*1 Wm. 

iliiu'i H 

31. Vmi-h Hoi 

SIllKt tfc 
iKnn 

UtrlHol 

24, Colonid 1 

tli<ni In I 

WMt Ini 

9il. MiTMn Wi 

'Hi, Uodnltlnn < 




Eiilrrcn al ^liilmnrra' l^all. 



[Tkt Aalkor rao-ra (o hiim/t/Un Eiglit of Tranilafuni.] 




HIDARE, lAinM!!. 



OP THE 

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, 






HON. SIR EDWARD CUST, D.O.L. 



' D)r muling ynu will be disLiajuished : without it jniir obilitiei 
I of litils UK." 

Ostmul SIH CHinl.BS NircER'S Advia- to a Yvtmg Offii 



SECOND EDmON. 

Vol. IV. 17S3— 1796. 

LONDON: 
JOHN MURRAY. ALBEMAiaE STREET. 



3. SvMen Mil ll»r™uk ta- 

4. The Imperil! firnonil, Al- 
-■— ■ -"tiiiom Upon 

JuMhiiDulf 
ifhiiAnn. 3 
B. The Oruirl Viiiot oiilcn 

iimm tlie Ommiwim , iti 

7. TheTorViiiltMliihcPriiiiJB 

of Snxe-CDhiirg M Ro- 
h»tln . , . . i' 

8. Th» Kiiiperor md Omml 

Viii»r .>ppi>KBJ M B*l- 

9. Viotnrjr pf iho Prltiro of 

NuHu flvsr Iho Turka 

Kl Kinburn . ■ il 

10, Tlw Prfow of Cofciirg he- 

tlccNitniltakcaCliDniin ^ 
U. 'fho Onind Vi«i« ioTiiIji 

IheDannilofTomeswur S 
13. Nori cunllukM to Minlwl 

IS, N»T«1 Wu- bMwMii thp 
Turin uid Rtit*Un« . i' 

li. Wti balitoMi the RiiHwnt 
•nd SwodM in thE Bkllie I 

n. Nmi luitu oir HoDfiud : 

1& W« hnlvreea th* Swadoa 

unil DsiiM in Norway . '■ 
IT. Tho Turki MnKiA hr Ibe 
RuMluit in thg Linun 
oflWBlKVS" . . i 

18. The Kii»i>n> iiLd-r Pn- 

Ism kill cwmiio (lenkow . 

19. W.rinliirii. ... 

1789. 

1. On lhon<?iiihnflliDSulun 
thn Oniid Viilnr ii ir- 
poacd mn<l nMinlrtvd 

a Prom- of Ihe W»r on iko 
•iJo of Ih 



— Tb. 






'iriorieaofCoburiKii 

WUT04 lit PokthU! 

MariioiMti "••r 
-urkt . 



ih« 



37 



S. Undon Ukoi Drlgnute 
ti. BuliloorBHinltririinedhy 

PolotokirotonheTufk. ib. 
7. War betHwn iho Swede* 

«,dR"«iiini - . M 
fi. Rluodthed in the Netlier- 

lindi— Tho Eoi|wnM'» 

Aiithoritj uvsithrown ^J| 

1700. ^M 

1. DntiDi nf Ibe Eai|i«fl^H 

2. The Cnmpiipi "o UiB Dt- 

nn1»>o|Wi»byIl>oDlor.k. 
luio tvnd Csuturc of Now 
OT.0V,, . . . . Ih 

3. Tho Turk) defanl Gauornl 

Til urn neat Gturgevn— 
Pf Bci^roncludiNt between 
Autlrk ud Tui^jr u 
ReicbeubMh , . A 

i. Dcilh aiid Mililnry OW 

rKlerorMuiihil l-oitdan « 



i. Th< 






!pul«id M K-niMikoikl * 

Talkiili ^ud idnnce* 
toBotfo ... I 

7. Th« Diike of SiidennonU 
wiih Die Swedieh I^eet 
tttuk* RoTol and ii ■•■ 

8. The King 'of Sweden witk 
hla Reel of GtlUjr* 
attukB Kiodontkihin 



oviTlhpPrinei 

11. W»r between the Rut.rm* 

■Dd Tiirki in tho }itil- 

12. Siiwirrow Itke* limill bf 







1 


I 


OONTMTB. ix 


■ 


Denlh antt MiliUrr Cht- 


.G> 


17. SeHlBinenl of the D.ipute 


r^teri.fPrm.al'uLtn.- 




betweeu the Bmporoi a 


J 


kin ... , 


54 


and hi. Belgian Sl.b>5W 78j 


■ 


tVarinlDdii . . . 


65 


IB. BegnninifB -t liio Knncb fl 


■ 






■ 


lo Bnt»f MysaiD . 


se 


1 


■ 






1792. 


^ 


and sltKuka Meiuiowi , 


.5!) 


m 






1, War in Indii. Lord Cotn- 




Nimm, uid tlie Mih- 
TMIM adrancB upon 




walli. Ininli Bcrjnga- 
poUm . . lil 




Mjmre . . 


6» 


2. NigbtAiUckuponTippoo'j 




1791. 










lowing Morning . . 85 




Far in India— Laid Com- 




4. SerinKBpoUm bcuegid In 




Willi» tokes tho Fi(U 




foro. . . . .67 




■ninit TippoD 
Jtngiilora beiicgcd aud 


81 


5. Tippoo Sullin lubmili and 
dfliveij up hit t»o Sons 




63 


01 lloBtngciror a Treaty 119 




AdTiiacn of otbtr ArmiM 




6. Death and .Milili;rJ Cha- 




U.0 MjiOi-c . . . 


61 


ractei of Adnairal Lord 




}ornivillii it jolncil h j tlic 
Nli»m nnd ndv.rceB to 




Rudnev ... 90 






7. Mililarrfchincter of Ad- 

minJ da Suffren . . S2 






65 




>>rdCommlli.iri.hdmw, 




B. Death and Military Cha- 




hi.A™7loB.ngalorB. 


68 


racter of Gnilayn. III. 




The MuhmtiB Araij nn- 




ofSiredeu ... S3 




«p«.wdlY join. L-rd 




9. Fonnal Dt^cluatlonofWar 






69 


bv Fiance agiinit the 




LAn) Camwllit rcducta 




limpLre . . . 9S 




Ihe UiU-Poru uround 




10. War comnrnred on iho 




BanpiloM . 


70 


Northern Frontier! of 




nppod »adi a Fnrca W bii- 




France. . . ib. 












i«npul>«d . 


72 


iunei t. Pruclamadon 




loimhiiton hriiafted xnd 




an,l croaiei the Hbino . SB 




jfasr-Jix 


73 


12. Relative Forcn on the 
German Frontier of 








France. ... SB 






7i 


13. AffdrofValmy . . S9 




n>e Ninn obu^S. P»««- 




U. The Alli«} AnuiM irpus 




aiop iif Ouruincunila . 


76 


tbeUeoH' . . IDO'I 




rhs Mthmtu. got Pojdo- 




15, War on the Italian Fron- J 


■ 


■limorKuoIi-Uiiaraand 




tier . . . .lOai 


■ 


ilrfia.lTipi.on-b Army . 
(Var between the Ku»iimt 


ib. 


16, War on the Beldan Fron- 1 


■ 




lier-CannonadeofLillc !(*! 


■ 


■lid Turk! . . . 


7B 


17. Battle of JemmawM . 105 " 

18. French cnkr Bruwl.- 










1«7— P««DfJ«.y . 


ill. 


Bnicge Antwerp and 




LBklrofNoaUaSoundtK- 




NsraSr. . . .108 




Imuiarulllciuiaaad 




19. War on lire Ocrmm Fron- 


1 


J^««^«b.nW>,: 


73 


tier— Pfuiiian* lelake ■ 




ih. 


Frankfort . . . 1Q9| 


1 


^^^K. 




^ 


I 



31. Switurliiiil uTod from 
S3, RiuiliuiiliiTide'PiJinil ,' I 



I. Dwihof l.oBliXVl. . I 
9. W»r arrlnrnd bitwvrn 
Gnu Rrluln tiiij Hal- 

3. Dunimitlrt anteti Uulliind 
—TJiKBrIM Uiid .nd 
miv> llie SIbko of Wil- 



HTOH tcin MmiH . , 1 
S. Dumoiirlw Ukeilhe Com. 
_ „, loind ft'on Mtmndu . 1 
e. Th; Italtle nr Nwrirlnii™ I 
7. n»ftcll(.B«fnumi.iifi(« . I 
B, MlllWrr OhM«trr of Go- 

n»[»l Oumourin . . 1 
B. Dsmplcnt plaoMl In Cnm. 

ni«[iiloflhoA™*nflhe 

North . . . 1 

10. Ww OB Id* OcriDui FVim. 

Her — Thp Diik« vl 
Urun<w[«k ilrtvva birk 
Cuitino . . I 

11, Wii OD III, NofiliMn 

EVontior !■ 

13. Tbn PrDDohattHktbiAi- 

lln >nd iro re]iiiliiril . l; 
13. Itnuirgrtion In U Vmife V. 
U- wironiboSiwnSih Cnm. 

'!« - . . i; 

lA. iDteninl RkvoKi— «iP|[ouid 

Surrender ur!,¥oni . IJ 
e. W.renlhntWltanl'n.nli,, li 
17. W«i Ml til. Oerniwi Vnn- 
ru » H«f--Bltlie'>'Miiy™co. IE 



ai, Th.AIIl«fArn,i«MM«t,. 1 
31. Crooi Wnr Mlni.iVr of 
i^-. _, '''™i'»— ltl« (!h«iiicttr I 
vi. The l>r>nin or Cabun !«■ 
tlc^wiilijiliriQiiHiiar 1 



a. Tho Diik. of York 1«. 
•iw to l>unkirl^- 
Aff«1r«lUiir«ll«, . U7 
U, B>tlI<ioflIondtefa«iM lU 
A. TU* tuDcsHftil Ocniivl 

», I he Inlpcrikllili iMune 

, ,„ M«"bi™|ie . . , 158 

H. TUK^iirli b«logoNl™. 

purt uriil lue Wi.ul.rd . IM 

■1 ..I^L -,.■.■ ■ 1« 
II. Atlsrk nn tba Linri of 

W n-wn boots . . IAS 
I. I b* I'lumiunt Tall u tli* 

Foiluffliirlio , 
i, Tbi. Prontb un.fnr Itncho 
ur.. fQllBl nl K»i«rUu. 

I, TbBri.«uofii;oo,i,i„;i(ja 

1. W.r n U V™,!*, . » Jm 
I- Wiir 111 Uin rvrcnsH , IBS 
<. n«»lD of tlio Trullliu 
. Wnr on the IiillKn Pron. 

I. Siogo at Toulo'iL — hoBB^ 

(iBTtti Chief of AnllUry ib. 
'. N»v«lW« . .177 

4U, W« in ihB W«l «,iJ riiii 

41. Pii>ilP»itiLignorPubina! 181 



Wu-BnUitUetDuarraD. 

Wmr on Hxt ISolri.n Pronl 
tlei^-Slpir* of UiiiliTcy 
— AfMt uf UritiiJi i;»- 
»li7 ■( Villn an 



e. LT|ii!rr>ill Jeftitnl tt Ma«- 









^ 




COHTBBTB. si 






8. BanloofTourcoiD . . l»H 


34, Siege BBdC»ptura of Venloo 




B. Battle aTTomniir 01 FoBl- 


>nd Mimegnun . . 253 






■■Chin. . .201 


3S. The BritLBh Anii)r retire 








behind the Rhine, imd 






1. The Au.rri»ni mwosafol 


the Duke of York re- 






^ on Ihe Simbre . . 204 


turn) 10 EngUud . . -25S 






1. Tpm bnicged and Ulun 
V the I'-rench . . 2C7 


3C. General DMndel. croiaoi 






Uio In:, and dri.e. b»ck 






1. The AoBlriaDi m asain 


tlie Dwell . . .357 






tuecuiTul on the Sun- 


37. Tlie French driven buck 






bre .... 308 


Bcns. the W*al . . 359 






1. Cbnlcroi bnieged imd U- 


Sa. Wnr in U Vend^ mnd 






hen— B<,ttlG of FUurui 209 


Unlttny ... Hi. 






k Tbr Allied Armin retire 


3.1. Wnr in the Pyroneea . 2fi2 






behind the Djle . . 213 

L Tba Britinb iDd Aoatriui 


40. liittle of St. M«Mil .nd 






Capture of FueDlombii 365 








41. DugommlermradesSwin. 
*Dd <• killed— The Spi- 
liish Ceneral Ln Uaion 






t CapituUlian of the Four 
ITortnHo— Desth of 












i. killed . . . 367 








42. Wi.t in tiie Weit Indioi— 






the " 1^»1 EmignoH " 


Ibc French . . .270 












1. Wm OB the Gernwn Fron- 


4a Navil War . .271 






tier . . .218 

L Biitiih N'lvtl Wv-Cap- 


1795. 






WreofCot^iH. . .220 


. 1. WaronlhoNonhemFron. 






I. BowB'i ViclorT off UshiDt 


tier— Affiur at Gelder- 






aniKeSmof June .223 


Mabon. . . .373 






I Ctmaxt of the FVnoh 

^ W«t Indira Itlandi . 228 


3. Holland overmn by tho 






French , . . .274 






t. Wtrtn UVendeo-DMth 


3, Walmodon reCirea behind 






ofUHochoJicquelin. 229 


tho Eemi-The Brilirii 






L W.r on the rjrea™. 


embark for Engl.nd . 375 






Ftmtirr . .233 


4- Prunia m[ik« Peace With 






LlhtUeofBoulon . ,284 


Prance. . . .277 






f. Vu on the It»li«. Froa- 


5. WBrinlhePjreni3e.-3iege 






lliT . .237 


and Capture of Roma .278 






■. l(iT««ioi.ottheT.lejmph239 
L }tMini*tl<m »d MiVitai? 
CfUruMr of th« Qe- 


e. Na«l W.r-Adn.irBl Ho- 






thani's Vicloiy in the 














7. SmieoflheoppoiingArmlet 






CobufK . . .210 
1. Wit on ite Qeraiui Pron- 


onthoFrontiereotPmnes 284 












licr- French boiicgs 


heron- tflrd Bridport'. 
Naval Victnry off Isle 






TmM . . . -241 






a. Ww in Holland . . 2M 






L Flehi at Bnitpl-W,.lUnB- 


fleCrtix . . .207 






ton lint UD'lur Hk' . 24S 


10. Frcneh Emimnt Army de- 
feated at Qui beron , lb. 






«. B.111- of ll.r Ro«r— A™- 






trlut rroH, tho Itblne . 240 


11. Surrender of Liixeobuw . SSQ 
13. Tho Republican Annie. 






ir Tlf I'liliff Vorkdrivfn 








crou the Bbioe— Mu- 






.... 1 . J-IU 


li«ii» Uken . . .331 




■- 




■ 



13. Thf ImpeHiUiU retin be- 
bind Itia Mivn— Clili^ 
ralL uirl WuiiiiKr Dnlte 3 

14. Jonrdkin nwt ihi 8i«ge 

orM>«n« . - 5B 

IJi. Th« Aui>tr>HiimHkrs»«i'- 
lle frnin Mivpni* tni 
WUhc M•nIl^l^l . . 21 
lU, Clurrnit [impiMM tu Ar- 
nlitlro, whi'li mita linlli 
Araiiei Inio Wintw- 
OimtlCTi . , .3 

17. Rctfremcnt u>d MltlturY 

Chmniir of Muahil 
Cluirfliit , . . i 

18, BonkMru ddfemli the Sac- 

tlon< ■> rtrli . 3 

15. WtroniltellaliuiFronliiir 

— {ktiloorLaituii 3 



St. Pmi'rh BDrroam ti Sck 

Sinn Iha Dtiltih . 30 
rKngwauienuuSea it 
2:!. ItoiiEnfttian md Millury 
Chiiwier of Aduiitu 
t-jirl UotrB, K.O. . . 3t 
24. Coloni»t W»r— Ininm*- 
linti. in tba Old Frenirh 
Wot tndlna tilancli . 31 
2.1 Maroon War in Jamais . 31 

26. Rodne^nnDf ■IllksPutBh 

Calniiio by Hit Briliali 11 

27. War in Prni. . . .31 
W. Militan Thanirifr of Ge- 

iiifril U'uliiiigtDii . i1 




THE WARS 



-THE EIGHTEENTH CEXTTJET. 



I t. HBSOIUTlOnS WITH nrPOD SULIXN. 

I, CiPTDBE OF Ni:w Pbovice^cb bt a Volcstbrb. 

^ftnianlB hid conquered tlie B^amik Islands in the yenr \^8l. 

It by Ilia temis of tlie treaty that waa at the lime in progress it was 

|l|luUteil that these isluida should be anra more restiired to the 

ih Crown, Beforethepcace waBsigned.hDwever.thefhadceued 

b ha nudn' tnbjeclion to Spain. Tlie enterprise by nhich they were re- 

~ md has B character of roroanlic daring that entitles it to parti- 

le notice. The close of the North American contest had left one 

J Deveaux, a Royalist officer of South Csrolina, barely twenly- 

m TMn ut age, without further opportunity to display his tajents, and 

ritiiigly he 9on);ht the means to make himselF known by anme aut 

' s agaiost tlie enttmy. He first planned an expedition agattist 

»bh which he was induced to relinquish, and then resolved to 

_» the re-capture of New Pruvidence. To procure resourceg 

B attempt he deroted all liia forlune and all he could obtain 

b cfcdlt. With hia utmost exerlioDS, however, he eould only 

ta •Ixty.five lulunteera, whom ho embarked in two brigimtiiies ; 



iM 



THE WARS 



THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 



■VBX OF New Pboudkncb by * Volcitk»ii. 
had etiDquered Iho Bnlnkmii Islands in llie jr-nr I 
u of Ihe treaty that wu at the time in pmgroaB it 



k cliaracter of rofDatitic daring (hat entitloi il to pacti- 
Tbe close of tlie North American conteat had left one 
il Dercaux, a Royalist officer of South Carolian, tiatrl? twent]'- 
'araotage, without fiirtiier opporiuiiitj' to display hia talenta,and 
liagly hn sought the mean* (n make himeelf koown by snniD act 
inK agUDst the caeiny. He first planned an expedition againat 
«0U. which ho was induced to relinquish, and thc^n reHolveil M 
* Ihe re-capture ot New Providence. To procure resnuroi!! 
a UteiDpt he devoted all his furlune and all he could obtain 
wdit. With ha utmost exerliona, \io'iiw«t,'\\i4 owAi wivj ^ 
aitV-Bye voJantoen, whom he t!nibitVe4SnVtriaVc\iitaS«»»', 



SPAIN JK COHTEST TITH BSB OOLOJTIES. [Jl.I>. 



Btjd ht i>bt«inei) tlic kid of HiDe nrgroea uid hs1f-cu(M of the inUiid, 
tjul rained hii while fuivc Hi cbiut 320 men, of wbcnn only 160 
Mrricd srnii. It wu andentood tb&t Ihere Here 700 Sgiuinli Ironp* 
In ([iLrrJaon. Notliing daanird, ha Undrd hin folluwen on Uie I4(h 
ot K>f to tlio out ot t'urt Mutitsguc, wliich gnardi the entranoe 
of lllo lurlMur. The ffBrrini'ii wue in sucli a complDti! aiBte iif falw 
Mcurity tlikt lie found nuly k «ii|;le Mntinel nwake, wliom he fnrta- 
inlely Mcurvd, aad Ihtn fnrtliwiili ittarked and carried iha wotIl 
He nenl Ruminuned tlie Uiwn peremiilorlly, and tlie mmt ingeaioiu 
oonlrlviDcM were reaorUd to in iinler tu oauonJ Iha ntnnbvra of 
tb« ■llaakinff fijroe. On llie heaitntiou ot tbo Garemiir, battoriM 
were anwt«d on two eonimnnding hilla, and a volleji ot >liot pound 
tqipn tlie girrimm. By tlio morning of ilie I8ih, the Gorcnor, 
flndlng the ihot and aheli u( hU optMnont of rai>iv elTcol than Ui 
own, eapilulated on conilitiDn of benig sent tn tlie Havannah ; and 
fimr lar|(* gallByn curjInB Leavy gum, beaidra three other war 
gallq^a, together with aeveiity |jiHe«i of caiiiiuii, were gi*en up (o tbi 
vonquaror. A« tlia 8^niardit inarehcd out Ihey muld not fbrtaar 
■xprfMtng their luriiriwt and ahaniB when llicy lurvefed the aeNUy 
Dumbim, and |]h) erutnque and ill-prorided appeannoe ot IM 
motley band to whiali they had laid dcmn their anna '. 

a. Bpaic in coytian with hkh Colonibi. 
TnmutUi and iniarrfations in varioiio pnrta of Pent and Heiiiee 



DUgli ilie fcmalo line from the Biident locaa, and who 
ifero ao Bcknowledgnl hy tlie Kiuia uX S[iaiii and the Iniiiea. Tha 
liaad of till! family in ITDI wnn r'nllcl Ti>l>no Aytnarae. Di«<!vn(SDt« 
havini; brolmu om in tli- i'r-'i<':?][-" i-f t.imn, Tnpac took part in Ike 

diepulo, 'iwing (i. 11 i' 'fKli'rrd a frieud to the iiatiTea) 

havltiu Lievn u-ri'~ii i . :>> iIib currcgidur. He plasea 



the hi'K'i " ' I iiiuly of (uriinna, and baThic 

|>UIina correBiiior |i ■■ 'h, n ■! .■. i. .ir.-l n Bnioll body oftraonaHBl 
agaluat bim. lie muH fmiiii) lninn'U m [he head c.f lO.UUO folio* 



8ultinialtUi)[ aoinu nalghbauring enllenguea tn liia standard, his 
(taraoa ai Jenslh amauutod to tlO.IHHI niun, of whutn 30,(100 warn 
|iruvlilMl witli Kiimpt-nn arma. In Man^h Don Jose d* Vail* 

tuarDliml ni'iiiiiiii [ill ii.aiirirnnu (laiioiied un some hfin-lila. He cnl 
off ill I'll DLi ::i ' , il< '!iini'il ihpir inigaainee, and, havin){ oDinpelM 

ihimi I I t.iirin, difbated them with gmt vUnghtar. 

Tn|iii<' V . !. I. . . .: I ' . 1,1^ h an di, together with Mveral nunnoiid, 

mutli [iii'i I ' L.iii'j, The rovoll, however, wa» rath«r in* 

' of die ahier waa anatainBd by hit 



wae re nrDU. 8 

B ilhpBtch ■ furce lo iho New World, which gnuliully surMciItd In 
«at>irlni[ truiiulllily ; liul thn sjiirll ni mvult wu iicrer agihi quite 
nttJD^ubnd, and the raUblinhiiiiail mjubita in u]ilic>lil ttie royal 
lUtborii]' ftbaurbcd the greftiar phn o( the ratuiius uf " Thv 

. Wah IH I.imi— QcriKiui. MiTntws nriiiRUHi MtutDiR tso 

C*FTUKU TUB MvMKK TOWNH, 

I( )• <Ki* ^"i" <« ilirMt BtUmlion to Itiillk, where war Ktill mn- 

' ltd. It hu b«en nUtrd how. upon Ilydcr'i dpKth, one at the 

It prumiiing upporliiniiiea of siriMtig ■ blow ajcalnit the Mysure 

r had boon petmfttcd to pnu uuimproTed by General Sliuri, 

- to hb perveTM iiej>lncC of the advice tendered him by Lurd 

taey. Accordinsljr the army remained inactive, and U waa 

II the lOlh uf Juinary, thirteen daya after the arrival of 

VfpfNM) Sultan in hia father'* camp, and wtieo he had establlalied the 



irily of hia giivernmeut, tliat tlie British anny broke u 
tlfainmenlB for the parpnue of revielualllng Tripasiuro, il 
lediate depiVt. On iho If (h of Fi^bruary General Stuart marched 



n WandewBsh ; the works of which, » well sa thme iif the furt of 
:&rwnsoUy, he now demollBlicd. Vice.Admlral Sir Richard BJclcarton 
•rrlvrd off Madras on the Gth of February, and brought with him 
three rej^lmenla of Infantry, beside* Hnrgnyne's regiment of light 
iMme, allDgelher amonn^ng to nearly 4000 men ; and b<nng now 
freod fniiii the Mahrattawar, the prealdencicB of Bengal and Bom- 
bay were Uirectina their rewmrcea «o as to make a powerful 
div<r«iuu on Ihe Mnlahsr side of the Indian peniTiitiila. Early in 
the j'car 1703 a British foreo, commanded by Colonel Hnmber- 
DliHiBi being part of that dl>]wiched fnim England under Commo- 
^ dar« Jobnalune and Gencnil Miithews, had Inudod at Callout, and 
"bftTti^ moved up the country, took the dty of Paniany. The Colonel 
'ImitMd M the eiege and attack of the fort of Pafigaul, or Pali- 
latehnry, which he prepared to inveat on the lOui ot October. 
'tee, however, he had fimiid Tippoo Sultan with au atmng a foMe, 
id m eloae upim hiui, that he had been compcllrd to nixke a rapid 
irMt before him, and return to the coaat. He was now joined 
i Bupersedcd by Colnoul Macleod, who galliuitly raaisEed a night 
'Mk, in which Major Hutvhinaoji of the 9Blh regiment tell mor- 
'f wounded. The Brituh troops were on this oceaslon etrongiy 
4 with respect to natarul advantegea, and were likewiae auiHted 
he ■.lunii" and tha " Pondicherry," nrnicd vesaela from Sir 
Mwaril Hugliea's sc|uadnut, which had now appeared off the coast. 
' ~' I Aral daya of December, Tippoo Sahib, with the ansiitance 
e French tniopa under I^lly, agnin attacked the British linen 
works, and were repulsed by Culonel Macleod. In the night be- 
_ _ en the llth and 12lh, however, Tippoo suddenly luittod Uie post 
■nd repaaaed the river Paniany in conawiuenw fA 'fee &eaNK «A ^ 
Xyitr. in hm bren already related. 



4) VCAH T?f INDIA. [\J}. 

ijf the dtath ot Hjder, tbcr inatructeil liim to discontmue kII open- 
tianH on the coaBI, nnt) make an imiDediate push for Beduore. On 
IfaiB occaaiun, liowever, according to ordinary Inijian pmotioe the 
Geneml and the G<ivernnieiit took diS^rent views. Colonel Uoeleod 
jiuneil Geneml Mnthews at Kajahmuiidruog, and the Geoeral bring 
no* m tli« head of n respectable fatre proceeded direct!}' to be- 
aege the port of Onore, which lies aboDt midwa; between PnnUiiy 
and BumhJiy, and had fomiorly been ■ placo of greot oommBroe. 
~" 'u VOH taken by atonn on the Sth of Jauniiry, and it was said that 
_ _niel alkugliter was mods nf tlie inhabitanli on the ocoasion, wbtni 
the Eillidar and 1200 raea were made prigoaeni. Bednore, called 
Hyder Nagur, or Nagara, which bad been the principal arsanal uid 
me of Iha most important dependanciea of Mywire, aftcrwarda 
ipened ila jpites to Mathews, anil aurrenJered on terma. On th* 
.4tli of Fnbruary Anaiipore wns token by assault, and having flied 
in twQ floES of truce, receivoil little mercy at the hands of thecapl 
The Brililh aBSailints indeed are said to have acted on this oecai 
vHb great barbarity ; bat the Etory which gained lODie raroalation at 
j the time, thai 400 beautiful womeii, all bleeding with bayooel wovnd^ 
expired in each uther'a arms, while the soldiers sirippcd oiT Ibeil 

i'BweIn and committed outrages on tlielr bodies, has not (be ilighta 
Dnndation in truth. 

The Dpper eountry being Ihna apparently secure, the varinoa d« 
tachments carried ou their operations ou the conet with great am 
cssa. On the upper port towards Goa, Captwii Carpenter invaded 
the Sondah country, where he carried every thing before him) 

' Inducing CarwBc and all the other principal forts. But the grwt 
and pt^acipal expedition to be undertaken was that agiunat t' 
impMtHDt fortreaa of Mangalore, where the rodiments of Hyds 
navy were rising in dtspitu of fonane into somelbing like fan 

I for three ibips of the line, of front 50 to CO guns eacli, were in gn 
fiirwordDess, if not nearly tiniahed, and several otlicn of infeHuP 
aiie ware also upon ilie stockB. Two battaliona of sepoya n 
ordered to invest this fortress, which does not seem to hare t 
mueh better garrisoned than the u^er places that had been httely 
subdued. The town waa taken without mueh re«stance, only k 
eighty men being lost, who wore killed by tiie springing of a in 
The Killidnr fled into the fort, and thia being of some Btr«llt,_.., 
Carpenter was obliged to await the arrival of Genenl Mathen 
nith his troopa and artillery ;.nevertlieless the tort made no I 
reaiatanee, and the Governor aunendered upon conditions on 
9lh of March. The Engliah were thus in possession of all Hu 
strongholds on the Malabar coaat ; hat Tippoo Sultan, as be m ' 
oallrd himself, had relumed trom the Caroatic, and delrrmiiK 
to relinquish all other objects for the teonvery of the Bedmm 
dountry. With a heavy heart, indeed, he withdrew from tlw 
cnnquest of Madras, but there was no choice fi>r him, and bt 
liruBed through the Chsngainah pnsa about the middle of Uardk 
Gsncrol Mathews's vigilance in guarding bis cam^neBis wu n«l 

kaqual to tlie resolution and bo-ldneas that he had evinmd la 



fl7S3.] TIPPOO BiriTA» TAKES SEDKOUE. 9 
attoetinn lllem : fnr ha Mattered hia turce aver a prodigiana exMnt 
of couitlry, eupqiring it to bo cut off ia dFlsil, wliUa he iiufdr(iiiuit«ly 
qnanvUed witli lliu wtilnr iifficen under liis commKiid ; au tbM lliere 
««a sn sbiietice of every llilii|c like amicortl ■dd njitnn in tliv 
mrioUB dapuUneuU of the >m>)'. 
4. Turpoo SuLiAX snama Alttaicwt lao takri iim Phisoiibii i> 
Ukdhuric. 
Early ia April Tippoa Kppenred kt tlie head of a pradigioui 
■nnjr, wliiuh was bo numerous that It not only filled the t>l>ina 
neiu' (he oity of Bednore, but eovei'td the hilla to ii greater diltuico 
Itaan the aye cauld reach. Genaril Mathewa'a Europejtn force eou- 
--itedofdatachmoncaof the RRth, 100th, and lllSiid niyiil regimeiila, 
...loaatlas to about ftOO niun, and li« had about lODO exrallsnt 
•Bpoya. With thie ■mall furce ho lind the lemerilr to mcountBT 
Tippoo's imineiiiM arniy in the oiien field, hut 600 or Jiia men having 
Callen iii a fcw minute*, he aljandiine'l the city and retreated into the 
fortreaa. Thia Tippoo inatantly inveMed; and bringiag up heavy 
artillery, wmninded it nn awry wde with batteriu. After seven- 
~ n (liyV liupefem defence the unf irtunata troopa in llie (ortrew of 
_ daora wpro reduced to the npcomity of capiiuUtliig upon tertni 
Stated by iha conqueror, one of which was that ihey were to be 
convoyed (□ Bombay. Accordingly, httving marched out of the for- 
trc«BDnlhe3StbofAi)ril, thoy piled their arms anJ wore led abnul a 
mile frnm BE<dnore, wheni th*y were encamped, lielag aurrimiided by 
-attte batlallona at the Sultan's arnieil aejioya. One oF the cniidltionn 
t the eapltutatinn was thai all puhlio pniperly wa> to be reatnTHd ( 
but Oeaeral Hathewa, in order to avoid the iievewily uf giving Ihii 
tip, bad plundered the publio tnauury and ilividad it amongal hia 
tnopa, •» that nut a ■ingle rupee waa found by the eaptora in tlie fort. 
HnmiviT, it appeals that ihe proruaenew of the gariison In making 
punliases at a ninrkei on their coming out uf the fori, led to a ini- 
pieion of the trutli, and afturded a plea for the lotnl ovcnhruv of th« 
term* of the cnpilulaiion. On the fultowlnic morning the unhirtunaOi 
General was sent fur In meet TIppuo wltliauc the town, and he and 
lhu«« who HCO'imrianiod him never retBriied. Two dnya after, tUe 
Raid and atalT ufKcen, with all the captain*, paymaster, and coiii' 
miaanry, were sent for, and in like manner detsined. The backahi 
vn* tlien aent to thu camp, and the remuuing officers were stripped 
and Hearclied biifnre him. The subsequent suOeriiigs of these ill- 
fatud tniopa are not certainly known ; they were compelled to march 
almoet nuked and loaded with irons for many daya under a burning 
1 <rf 



and w«re driven like wild benata lu a fort in llie interior imi-t 
Ihe oauncry, where tbay uuikrweni a most erievoua and cruel iiti- 
priBomnent. All that ia kmiwHoftlie unrorlunnte General iethat be 

— -> -'lolent deatli uf some kind, bat the mnmier of it is 

Bccnunt Biatea that multen lead was \>«Ked dova Wa 
iBTWH i lunnjir-r Efast ■cBlJiiig Oil was ihruvia ovct *(«» \hA>| -, VXl^ ^ 
Mrd, that tie ifns cimipolled to awallow Vo'*""' "iwN'aCifcX <fl *!i6 \*"^^ 
palameen ivere fikcwiac aaitl to iiava beettl)atbn,roM»\ijwi'aTa«eA.'w< 



I prJBMiiiiei 

I Httdevwca 

L lkr«M:a: 

^Uf Mnl,lhat 



6 CONTEST AT ODDOALOBE. [i..D. 

immenmtrenaureBwhichwerolheonuneof all tliii iaiiKliier,DnJ whiuh 
viRre iMd to hikve amoUDted la upwnrdK of n niillioo ol moary, vm 
moill^, if not entirely, recovured liy [lie conquBror, Ti|i[ioo Sultan 
now imniviIiAUly proceeded to ilia recovery of Maiigalure. 
11. ConTKST de:t«'Bkn ihk Britisd isa Fmincii at CcnDiLORE. 
Tlia EOvemtiient of Uengid liftd dispstohed tan Uoe of mpaea on 



fleet tfom Buniljav, oii tlie Slat of April. General Stuart had ro- 
plcniabed the exiiaiuted nugnxiun at Vellore wlUi uuluokcd-Egr 
hdlilf, anil had now taken up & positiun to the eoutli ot Cudd«- 
lara, which it wa* deemed a uoitit of the utmut militarv importaoM 
In reoaver. lie foiiiiil hitnsL'lf uppoucd nl iliis place by a uncu rmwh 
force under the MarimiH de Buiuy, who had rooeiitl; oliMinitd lam 
rdiiroreeinenls from ilie Isle of Franoe, uid liod errateii field wiiriii 
wilh fitVDt akill, no as tn cover liolb the town and fort of whick 
h« WM in poBaesaion. The great object of the ckiapaign now wu 
the expulBion uf the Frenuli from the Cariixio. Upon the retrtat of 
Tl}ipoa ftnm the CoroiiiuDdL'l aide of the Indian raniusuU, Qaneral 
Stuart hod alra detached a cnUBideiiihle divUion of hia army under 
CtJonela Lang had FuUulon tu carry the war into ihetuulliai'D quuter 
of the lihigdoni of Myiore. On the 3nd of April LuiJt captured Dm 
fiirtrew nf Caroor, when tlie lit KIndraii Eura|>ean regiment much db- 
tiiii;ui*h«d lutlf; and on th* 2ii<l of June, Fullnrion tu>k Ilarapaorwa 
lit, both of them plaeca of some atreugUi on the Aiiianiv«ti 



Oentntl Stuvt, cunaiatini; of IfiGV £iirupBanB,SOO0 Bepoyi, tknd 10 . _ 
Moalr}, had moved forward on tha 2Ut of April tuwude CuddaloMi 
thhi pUiw ie nerirl)' surrounded by the eea, nud the neck of Und Ntt- 



nfOtrng it with the inun i> compuacd of very unequal and dlflteuU 
ground, while to th* south it U caverod with a itry thick Bod dM 
wood, Th» French, relying upon Iho accurily tlial this woiid affwdaa 



(far ill India no natural defence k iIvdiuikI lietier than ili* bM4- 
wood timber Ireea, and thick unilerwiiud of baiulwu, the eliaruter- 
istio of this dUlriot), were ealisReil to torliiy tlioM puta of th* Dnt 
which lay ujwu to tli* country, mid these they sDvered wilh slroan 
linM and redoubts well iniiuuted with arlilloi;. (lo the 4tli of Juki 
General Stuart uiived st n distnnoe of about liva mlloa from th* 
bouudary hedge, within wliich the Froncli were sccursty iutrEiiolMd. 
Busiy beheld with ■Btoiiislimant tlis Qcitlsli General eneauipiujt ott 
Ih* south <dds, under cover of tlie wood wlilvh they ragarded sa &«tr 
own SMurily. because iinpcnstnihU at Iraal to the puoa^ of artlU 
lory i but thev novertliitlou continued to apply Uiemselves to ol>> 
Tiate an atlacV by couIlnuiuK, wElli extiAordinary btbour oud in- 
dustry, their ohain of wurks ignite ncroas tlis nook, whiln Ba«y niov«4 
his army, eonuBtina c-f 304)0 Gunipean Infantry, SSOO Calnvi and 
Hi^]iu,>s, iii|[«iher witli 3CKM) Mysnru iD&ntry, and 3000 cavali'y, truio 
llie north wds, and tuok up a |Hiiiiiiun oppoeite Stuart. 



,] COKTXBT AT OVDDkhOUS. 



Til* BritiBb Gnneral ubKi'ving tlie waiiderrul rapidity wltli wliicli 
gw worlu oere cuniiounlly lining iiiM viow, and reliving on tlie 
nkVMy it hia tro(>[ii, dBtermliied bi nnticipntu by a bold Btlacli thtwo 
MpantkHW of ihe enemy. Tfalu wm •DMlnruil}' coininancpJ «nr)y 
1 tli* mnmEiijt of tlw lainofJuiM. Liaut.-Cotuiiel Kolly oii tlie loft 
M tliti onem)''* woi'li* und liatteriri on tho Uttndlpolluin liUli, 
._ tnnivd ttinir Kuna un tba Myeon) oantinEent wltli grvat cHi^t 
iMUgb tho whija tmiii'M of Ilia dw, Colonel Cnihcart with the 
ladleri, iiu]iport«l by Colonel Staarl witli die rcmitiui 



r Captain Lnmaat, *ad two battalion* or iwpoyi, 
Djnafi, under euT*r of tbe gaia taken by Kully, to turn tlw 

ly*! rigbt. At til* sine tima tlia miiuw diviiiuu, under Culiinela 

Elpbinalonii awl Wangeiiheim, with the ISih and Ifltli Hanovs- 
IriWM, attaekud a large redoulil, but it was too ilrong fur tliem 
1 thoy could not tuaeiwd. Tlie rcBsrvB noaordlngly under Co- 
al Gordon, ennaiiting iif the IDlal nud of loino UanavsriiuiH, 
well aa of Kvo coaipaniea of aopoya, were ordored up )u *up< 
% while the dlvinlon of Qeneral Bruce, nn the right, made a 
nvd UDVeniDnt in tha dirootiiin of the redoubt. A* the lira ol 
Brtlbh artillery bad uot been able In pruduoe any elTnct upon 
worii, ad altimipl lo anrry <t by t-tiinn bfoam* tliu Intt rcanrt. 
awxm, IhervTora, ax tlm uilviLiii-iii^ tni')!iH wi>i-u able to eluie npou 
'~ mtmty with tliHlr munlcBtry, tlie Hniin of tlio artillery oeiiwd, 
tbey advanoad in llw iiiiml uilinii'nlilo order to the worke, into 
' "* moceaded in fotping tliuir wuy ; Ihu French troopa, how- 
ed tbcm tnoat valiantly, and ilio saiaibinU were ropulnod) 
able lornatmln tliuir ardour, tlie French aaliicd oal of tho 

and puahod back Iba rensrve, whleli wai atlll dooiwmtely 

J, down tlie declWltv and lowarda Ibn level ground. Tliln aid 
W IM muah aninar [tiri mum for the j|renadier«, with Ibe otlier 
■ (•fStiiart'adiviauin.tii turn tho work*, aiul gave to tlie Hritiih 



atriing poet called Driekmym, waa obliged to abandon 

ta ibe tViMieh ; bat aa (he works on the BandipoUum liilla 
the eupturud redoubt eoinmnndcd and onHladod tiia neek, and 
'' way op*ii tu tho fortruaa, ill* enemy ware ebllged to take a 
' < Knin it, nn wlilah a apirited attempt wae made 
to eut tliifm off; Mima at tho guna, however, 
.._ , of the French oaught llmu Iti a hollow w*}', and 

^^ meb inc«aaaiil aliowera of grapu upon them thai titey could 

Hi HwIh head, and Uio duaign vaa mXnquialied. The neat niomlug 

I'VmmIi abandoned all tbelr poata ouMlde tha fortroai. Tlie 

tih Inal ill ilila affair IW3 In killed, wounded, and inlealng. 

4iBmig tha formar ilia brave Miijor Varrenlu* fell leading ontlio 

"• '-- la; and Captain Llodaay ot the 78r4 waa alio mortaily 

Thu l're4ieh luat forty-two of ibeir otfleera, and above 600 



ABD BE BUFFnEN. [Jl.U, 



SvrtB£s, 
Next morning, tbe Ilth of June, tho atten^on of all parties wM 
tuFJied to the sea. 1'he Freoch fleet under M. de Soffren mada ito 
ap]ieanLDcey hftving arrived from TnnfioiTiiLlee, end waa in a day aw 
two fuUowed by the Bridsh ileet nndur Sir Edward Hughes, whieh 
had oome frum Madras. Tbe Marquis de Biuay now foumd faioia 
telf BO strong, etiBoonced behind nia works in Coddalore, thtX, 
notwitbalanding his late cepelBe from the iBlhmne befare il, Iw 
delachcd 1800 of hia Iroapi to reiDforoe the French fleet, which in 
aambere waa woaker than Ibe British ; the latter hafiag MXtaas lai] 
and two M-snn ehipe, and the fomiBr eighteen aail of all kinda; bol 
tbo extraur^nnry Mckoess which bad of late affected tli* BritiahfleM 
had diraiaiidied their crews to half their proper Btrungili, and Ihv 
, French, though in a rather leaky atule, were now mure Ihnn MJr 
■naniied. Two or three days were paused in RiiuiuD*r<« bv hub 
Heeti. This was the peculiarity tliat marked a>i encounter with th« 
Fraaah libels every where, but it more wpccially liistinauishod th* 
two antagonisiB wlio were Dow hbout to haTe a conaludinr trial of 
Krength. The superior soiling of the French alwitya enabled tbem 
to eel and keep the wind, and tbe British AdminU eKrrtffd Inin* 
Kit now, as heretofore, in vun to procure that advautaita. At 
length on the fourth day of these manouTres (June 20), the wind 
lieing entirely in their favour, the enemy showed a dinpniitum to 
engnge. It was supposed that Ito liad obiaioed int«lli|>rnoe nf llw 
bavoo made by the scurvy among thr crews of the dilfcnut sliipa of 
!^ir Edward Hushes's squadron, and thought to ftnd Ihem undBr- 
nuuinuil. Be this as it may, a Itttlu post four u'clnck that aftecMOOB 
the van ship of De Snffren's iino rauno down upon tbe Briilsfa Ad- 
miral (who had formed the line of battle ahead) and opeited all hm 
fire, which wasfullDwed by that of tlie whole of the French fleet. NM 
ft shut waa returned on the oilier side fur twenty lajnutes, whca IIm 
English opened a heavy cannonade ; and this now eonlinued ad bn(b 
■idea without intermission till seven o'clock, when H. di tJaBnm 
tbouKbt proper to haul olT. The I3rltish had niiMty-nins men killed 
and 431 wounded in this inconsequential action The enemy's Beet 
were out uf nsht in the morning, and Sir Edward set off in ptimilt, 
and diBOOToredil an IheSSnd aianohor in theronda of rondiohenyt 

but though he braved thoin there during the wholo day, and r--' 

within tlieir aishl in the evening, hs could not induce them 



but (hough he braved thorn there during the wholo day, and inGherad 
within tlieir aishl in the evening, hs could not induce them to eonM 
forth agi^n. The stale of his erewa, of which Ihcra were nnrly lAOO 
men unfit for duly, now put him under the abauhita aieesuty of baar- 
JBg up for Madi'aa, where he arrived no the E&th. U|>iin tbi dvparttm 
at Aa British sauadron M, de SnlTrcn inlmedialoly prac««d«d to 
Cuddab)ra, where he not only returned the 1800 men be had am. 
barked them, bat landed 8400 rata to reinforce tlie Marquia d* 
BuBsy in hia operations. This waa tbe flflli and laat battle hitweeii 
HughcB and Baffren, in which neither lucceeded in ever taking a 
^ip,nor in obtaining nu sdvantiga over the other i and it waa the eon- 



ling demnnBCratioii a( that severe course of navnl ivarTare • 
1 war, in wliich llie largest aninunt i)f hoetile shiiipinc thai wi 

previuuHly knuwD on the uceaji bad contended fur supBriuritjr. 

7. Tub Fbencu juke x vihokoub Sobtje fboh Cuudalobb, ■ 



Oaring tbese IranHBctions General Stuart was carrj'ing on hia 

mpproMbeB to nttncfc tlie body of llie forlrena of Cuddalore. Ho soon 

mud himself nnequ&l t<> the undertaking; hia eSective tone WM 

loh reduced by Ditigne and Bicknesa, and the rmnrorcementi he 

■ expecting fnim the Coimhatnre country under Cohinel Fullarton 

did not appear ; fur that oBioer had received iuBtructioni bum the 

■ ftmintey to more in a contrary direction, and embaiTttsaed by these 
MmUadictory orders, he woH paralyzed in his movemeulB, nut know- 

' Sag which la obey. Tlie arrival of tiie enemy'b fleet utf Cuddalore 
vllhout the BHlish in pursuit s£.grflva(ed all these difiicultiea tn an 
WttTaordinarv degree, more especially when it came to be kuown tliDt 

I Admiral de Suffren had not only returned to the garrison the 1209 
men which had been furninhed by M. de Boasy, but had also landed 

I fan hia fleet a strong body of aeamen amounting to some 2400 men, 
wUebgave tlie French governor as great a, saperiorlty innumbera as 
1m fakd hitherto possessed in forces and positiim. M. de Buny coo- 
jUaMdtheopporlnniCyfavourablefur deciding UiefortuneoF the uege. 

I AoMl^iogly he selected for k sally sonio nE the best of his troops, and 
««t»st«I Uie conduot of it to the Chevalier ie Datnas, a Knight of 
tfalta and Colonel of the regiment D'Aquitaine. With this force the 
Frciioh commander left tlie plaeo nbaut three in the morning of the 
3&lh of June, and came upon the trenches of the Engliab quite nn- 
vXiic«Eedly. The 24th regiment of Bengal sejioys lirat received the 
Mlwmy, and although they lost their DDluura, wiiich were imme- 
dlMety Kilt olT in triumph tii the town, they showed themaelveB 
mMbjr of a better fortune, and steadily fought some of the oldest 
mni llmt troops of France with the bftj-onet, fulling them even with 
tlw weapon which is supposed to be the most trying test of tile 
ftntniFS* and eKcellecoy of soldiers. These brave men were thanked 

S'Graeral Stuart bo&ire Uie wliole army: and from thia time the 
rillah sepoys have been regarded as scarcely interior to European 
Iroops. A* soon *■ the British ooutd gain their arms they oppijeed 
the aasailania with iha greatest resolution and flnnnen, and nitaok- 
in(t the enemy in tarn, |inshed them so hard on every sde that they 
camplelcly Touted tllem, ukiag M. de Damas and aome 150 men 
priwimtm. The brave M»jor Cotgrove, who so gallantly led the 
Hip'iya, wa> hem killed. The attack on the Britiah lines had beei 
puil»'d ulih t'Xtnuirdiiiary vigour, hut the French could make n 
ii.i|in— mil oil iln'in, »nd were repulsed witli a heavy loss. Prepa- 

r - 'OI- ^iii..ili>T nod more gigantic effort were in progiMsa, but in 

i'>""i' t'.i..< I. ivs after the sully the " Medea" frigate arrived at 
C iKliliiiiii", lii'iiiiiLiig informntion «f the peace hetweeu Great Q-^--'- 

■nii Iruncc, mud lioalililltH immediately ceased. Am 

' ' "" ' u waa ayouug C 



10 8IKGB OB MAKBAIOHE. [a.D. 

gBMai who, by liw (ireat bravery, fiBrticularly atCrncted the uolice of 
Ueneral Wuigenlieitn. comid sliding tlie HauoYenau divinion. Mtay 
years ifMrwurdB, wlieii tlie French army under General fiemadotw 
entered HanoTer, Wangenheim was presenled Ui thia caiiquemr ; 
" You ha»e served, General, a ffreot deal," said Beniadotlc, " and, 
as 1 undenlnnd, in India." "Yes, i liave Herved there." "Wera 
yna at Cuddalore t " "I was (here." " Have you any recollectlaa 
of a wotmded sergeant whom ynu took under your proteetiont" 
" I do, indeed, remember the circumatHnce now you bring it to mj" 
rnemDry ; a very line and brave young man he wna, but I hav« 
entirely loil uglitof him ever aiiie«,aad it would give ms pletanre to 
Iiear of his welfare." " That young aergennt uf whom you ajseak M 
kindly IB the man who now addrcssea you, and who ia happy in thll 
public opportunity of nekiiowledging his great obligation to you, and 
wilt omil no means in liis poner of leBtLfying hia gratltudB to Genomt 
Wangenheim." , 

8. SlEQE OF MaKGILOBE UT TrPPOO SCLTA.N CONVEBTED INTO A 

Alt this while Tippoo Sultnn wan prenslng the siege uf Mangalor* 
with the utmott vigour of which lie was capable. The place WM 
well garrisoned, and must ahly defended by Colonel Campbell, 
aeoonded bjtlie well-tried valour of the 48nd Highlanders. A Frmoh 
contingent under M. Cosaigtiy served under the Sultna's orders ; and 
three regular allnclis suggested by tliat officer had been made and 
repnised. The fire from the huiifgera' batteries had, howeTer. 
reduced the walls to little better than a heap of ruins. On the 4tll 
of July a Urge body of llie a»<Bsil>iiiU made a dash at the left toW«r 
of the western gate of the fiirtreas, but it was gallantly repulwd bjr 
the besieged, who carried disnuyaiid ccinfusion lulo tlie enemy'a lioM. 
Snob was the state of aBuirs, the trenches having! been open fiAr 
days, when peremptory orders arrived from M. de Buiay to reeaU 
H> Conigny and his dslaclinient. Tippoo was furious at the pota. 
tire refnital of the French commander M cimtinue longer in hia 
camp, and it is said that he meditated to retain him by force. At all 
events, he parted from bim with an exceedingly ill gnec, and much 
diasatiafsctioD was evident on both sides. Tippoo was bewildered 
by the loss uf his European friends, and, not knowing wlial to do, 
converted the siege into a blockade, The garrison was rcdncod to 
the utmost distress through the wnnl of provisions, and Tippoo used 
his utmost endeavour to starve them into a surrender, when General 
Maoleod arrived with a strong force from Bombay, and brougbl k 
supply to the besieged, hi consequence of which an armistice waa 
agreed to. 

In the mean time the Madras gvvemment had imtnieted ColoB«l 
FuUarton, after the fall of Darapuoram, to move to the aasialanoa Of 
Mangalore. when the progrets of that iudefstigable officer was alajad 
by oraers from General Stuart, who now informed him of the ceMBk- 
tion of iraetiliiiea at Cuddalore, and dcsirvd that further nggrvad'n 
BUMuMaagainstTippoomight be suspended. Tlie Colons! 1^ boUBd 



UTIOKI WITH TIPWO BUI,TAN. ^ 

If liut miliUtrj' lujiariori IliuuHh little Htlalleil m to tha pniprletv 

• onlrn wlili:!) atayeU his pi-ngrenn, imd he conlautcd hlnuMilr, 

''-«, to eiii|ilujr bia Unie In ruatgriiig otAnt aiiil uljediniico In tlie 

H of Mailurn anil TiiLuvnlty : tint cimduRt at Gwanl Stuart 

•arluiu other UGCwinnn hml hivhd grHit iilTimii 



, whi^r 



h* « 



> 111 



> wiii. t 



i,r, U-n 



IMi}'. Mild 111 WM HUIIIITinrinil III riipii 

L IIm wm ilxra iml niiiJur arrnit, aihI dntiLliKnl ■ priauiivr 
Ml upiwrliiiiilj' uRsivd 1)1 uiidiiij; hlia l<i Eiijjlniicl. 

0. NKooTi«Tiof» wrTii Trrroo SuLt^w. 
nl Mjuurtney had —x\y aiidaavrnirad to dlioovxr wJMtlm 
Ml would llatun tn any pronoiiltiiiiii for [waco, and nun' addi'suad 
n a l»lu.'P l.iuriai dai* th« Slid of July, in wliiuli Iih inrnrmad 
n( (hu tr<*uiy ii)(rmd to bvtwiH'n tbt> Briliali and Pritaiib, and 
>d liliii 1.1 li< iTiiiii* a iMrty tu th> trvatj of Salbvs, An >rti«l« 
« ]>r<<liiiilimrii."i uf tn* Enropcaa tnwty atipuUtod tliat brar 
III fliiiiiiM li'< nlluwod to tha bclliatrvnt powun uf IIIndoilMi to 

li> I., tlir- p„oiHu»ii,m. But Tlppw dli 

in uiiil tilt' lu'opiMltlcin of tha Oatnmci 
llikt 'l'>|j|iri>i >tiui unwilling to brioK h 



' pruui^udioiiii, nut liinmojl In luutluu ii 
D tlid tlh at Nuvamlwr ha liiviitod tl 
1 01 PaUgautoherry. In tlia cuum 
1 toiik BiNanlAg* uta hsavy rnJn Lu ilii 

>Mi.v,iindan tlld lath lli'i LM'i' ' 

ii.itiii'ndpanBdilKKatTi, itiili' 

«'»l'Utainita.irin.vn< ' 



1 Fulliirt..>i ' 

A oncomori'l ' i ,' ' <-, 

hj "boy the oi'di.TK \w i..n'iv.Ml ut the 

I III' llmlu of li.e Tnn]or<9 dumiaioni, 

111 buDii concludud, and it waa Iband 

i>i'ii amiy inlKhtthruw Impedimeuta In 

■ti.iii. Ou Ih* i>th of Ngvpinbcr Mp. 

'. liadlulr. and Mr. Hnmbtintiina not nut (I'lini Tort 

' h ]iowan to adjuat all iliH'erenviHi at }?KrliiKii|iiitnui ; 

int •fall parmitted t« enter thiit capilal, but with Ixil, 

i little rnapaetful » pondble, tu the HhIIiiii'* oainji 

' re. TlierB ihe gronHMt indlEnilloi vrnre limped 

■0 rcfiiacd to nniiimiinloato wltli diom, and oeiued 

<1 al the diMir ot iIirIi- timu to innilt thviii. He 

nonl In tbl* Interval rnlaaad bla •ndcutuun ' 

knd reaolutuly (urbail* 



12 FALL or M&VOALQBK. [a.D. 

having nay acuninuiiietttloLi* <*itli tholr counCrjmen vltlier in tbt 
torta or Bhippinii, wliilu it wm not conennlpcl from thwn tliivt aarenl 
Briiinh nHntmei*, indludins Geiieml MnthoiTs. hni been put td 
dentil. It i* nlmn>l ineNdibU ttant Ruch nluiuM nvcr linva Iwtn th« 
tlro[<l niibiiitMloii nf llrltlah Mrvuita in ftn.v rapacity, but niara nf 

Dially wlitiri tlixlr enuiitrymi-n wnrn aiiirti'liiu in tlin very tnrl 
)ro tlmlr OyoH rirtilu holinurnnrl ili!!i"'v "' I'.iil'Ihi'iI. <>" 'li" l«l 
of D(««mb«r a Uritiah Rijuaitnn] il|i|"<[M'i'iI kIV AlrMi|;i;1<ir<', I mi nil I'l- 
Mpt onetlilp, onboard of wlik'h \^»" i'oIofll I \],v 1 1, >lL-|>.iri>-i1 i}w 

after having thrown in wmo i!mdci|ii;iii> mi|i).iii.r.. Ti. ij./ iiminliioil 
npwtadly By ItoMB of rtiM likn tin* wiw n suvore innl la the un- 
ftmaiul* b«al«td, but neither Camtibell nor hla gallane baud wottld 
liMr of unoondltlonal turrender, Fullai'lon liad Moelred intelKgrnM 
of lb* ataM of urUm at Man){alare, and waa aagar to niDva la tta 
aatbtoniiH ; hw nliortiy ]ini!rwni'ilK h» ruDiiiviMl thrciiiKh SiTarlt, ^ 

Interpri't'i- ..i iii. , .m :..iiii--. ili-iltn't urdi-r* lu relincjuiah Iill 

non(|ii'"'i>. i' iiiiiiiMj >>i.M'ihL'il by hiB pntvioui in* 

Btruotiiiii- .I 'I 1 I r-r ..,■-,., it ri(t|,( iiini you should qnlt 

all bohav I i,-,i 1 'I'lie p»Hi<^»i'>n of thwa doU 

mMOibl* 
nannn tha 
..kin 
tinttrKly fiittlhed lila ordfm, wbuu lie I'luivlvi'd nniiiitrr onlerf 
raquliing him again to tnkn pnBiM«Kion nf nil thnt liail Dot bven 
pnTloiMl^ (tiven "P uiilll fiirthiT nntiee. Ciiliiiifl Fullarton appran 
to havs b««ii a very aiippHor ullioiir, and it in aad lo think how ba 
waa Ibwartnd and ohficliod by inrampotcnt alvilian control, irhidh 
wa >•« ouallfld boforo the enumy wbilo they diaarmod ihoit own 
power, Fullarlon made many eCTeotivo alianKon in Indian warfluM 
^■nong whifh mny be uotierd tile mndn i>r niDivliiUE, which had 
hlthsrla bwn by fllen, raaklnit aii urmy niikx in innatli ; and R«xt 
In the Bfatom at intcUinncu, wliicli ha<l been till liia ilmo iter 
doTeotlvii >. 



1784. 



!E or OBKHANr. 



'limn of Mangalam 
waa (KiKwed. Tbe~dliitPo» hocuno exireiiie. Th* anlt mut waa 
tnwatahlu, tha blaonlt awnrmed witli vonniu. Til* «e|inyii war* ■!• 

1 Thorntgn, Oteit. Ann. Re[iiteT. 



CONCLUSION OF tan, vi.a is hidia.. 



13 



. 1 with reorvj, ib« conwijueiice of lonthsomo mid unwbole- 

» food ; nnd even »ith b]indii«B)i, alleged lu jirucced from the 

ptton of rice wilbnul kny a.ntiwpiia additii>n. Nearly twa- 

if ibe Kpoyo lud |>eriBhed of faminn and drneaKS. Negntift- 

!T( aecnnljiigly npened, und on the 26th articles of CBpitula^on 

jrved opOD. The «me daj Coloael Gordon arrived with two 

• Guntainiiijc a mnntli'H proviuooH ; but tlie articles had been 

1 apon, though Dot ugned, aud Canipbell would not recede 

' ' ' flighted faith. On the 30th the garrieon marelied to Telli- 

ith anuB and all the honours of war. Cani|ibcll and hia brave 

il nobly dooB Iheir duty ; liut lie did not loug surrire the 

H and anxieiy to which lie bod been eubjected, dying oa the 

d March following. 

S. CoKCLUSCON or TBE WlB 1!l InDIA. 

h the fall of Mangabire this important nar camo to a clow. 

m hftil effeoted bis two creat objects, the reduction of lliefcirtreaa 

' • humiliation of the English, lie miw cundesuendcd to meet 

miuioDcre, imd on the 1 1th of March signed a treat; of 

I tlie ground of a luuLual restitution of all conquests. 

iaadf h) signing the treaty of peace with the English, Tip^oo 

01 l»il talien oFTence at tlie conduct of the Mnhrattns, niid being 

llie head of a large and victorious array, be judged it a 

lie opportunity to settle his disputes with that naltmi. Paas- 

ngh tba fer^e district of Shanur, which he ravaged, he pro- 

n atlact the forts nf Dawor and Badamy, both of which he 

Plnihed by this lucceee, be was about to cross the Kistnah 

■7 his amis intn the heart of the enemy's enuntry, when the 

I oontt of Poonnh molUfieJ his anger by teinis of peace. 

IM government was loo cdBcr for peace to inquire into any 

'''isand horrid proceedings of Tippoo, and too weak to 

'-'- - " -'le hope of avenging them. Tlie treaty vta 

d to Calcutta, where in the absence nt the 

was at Lucknow, it whs acknowlerlged and 

e Supreme Council ; but as soon as Mr. Hoalings got 

ntla, B^palatiuns novel and unexpected were traiismitled 

d Maeartnoy, who was commanded " at his peril " to IDrword 

U S«riog«|iaiAin. But Hastings was now toiiering in bia seat, 

"icartney's induence and nutborily were rising as ihnse of his 

t declined. Bis Lordship declined to obry the GoreniDr- 

rat'a Iwtructions, and Ibe mailer fell to the ground. There 

ft eampaigns on record that exhibited mora genius and talent 

' il wliioh wna carrleii on by FuHarton in Coimbsloro, while 

tw« of Conkan by Hartley, of Mangalure by Campbell, and 

dbtra by Trnvanian, wore in tlie higheai degree oreditable 1o 

cnwsge and ihcir skill. Ot the civil servants ut Modrat 

b jtnutore, Govcmare Whilehnll, Pigoll, and Kuinbold, were 

fk» {iiMnpei«nl : smi if Lord Macartney ■ was any thigg to 

l»»lliniir meuiireof rcniovlnn Gupcml Smirl from llirninniinsmJ of 

' — ■ lini; biiu lo England in srreil led to a very billet 



14 EUPEBOB JOSEPH AT WAS. WITH THE DUTCH. [l.B. 



I [ Mtond 



bonsC of, lie was bully roptvaenlcd in tlie cianip of Tippoo by Sir 
George SlsuDlMi irid Mcskts. SaJleJr and Hiinil>erstoiie. It eer- 
tainly vtut not the civil serTinta of India who cooqueied India in lb* 
dgliteenth centurj'. 

3, Spxin is coNtEBC iviiB THE BxiiDiBr Powers. 

Spain had nosoanergot disentangled frniu ber European war«,th>n 
■he began to prejMirB tor npw niililary adventuTB. Her ships beinf 
maome degree etill manned, and a great numhur of bomb-ketcbeti 
innboatB, and uther armed vcsuIe, wliieh liad been ileatiued against 
GibnJCar, atitl in rendiue«s, she bethought licr of mnkiDg an nttndl 
on the piratical vity of Algiers. The conduct of the enterprise was 
oommilled to Dan Antonio Barcelo. who proceeded witli hla anna* 
ment from Carthagenn on the 3nd of July ; but his fl<?et did not 
■nire in the Bay of Algiers ontil the 20th. He found llie Algerinaa 
veil prepared for hia reception. The Admiral firmed his line of 
lukUle on the Int of August, and made the DeceBsary dispiisitiotis tbt 
an attack. The bomh-betches aiid gunboata, suppiirted by xebecs 
and other vessels, composed the van, the svliole beins covered bjr 
the ships afthe line and frigates. The canuiinade and {wmbardment 
were ituiniiieneed at half'past two o'cluch, and were continued with- 
out intermission till sunset. The a ttock was renewed on the folhlM^Bg^ 
■sd on every succeeding day until the 9tli, when it was resuNed at k 
Muneil of war, fur sufficient rcasuris, to Ktum Itntnediately to Sjitln, 
In. the course of these attacks 3732 sliells and 3S33 shut wen db- 
charged by the Spaniards, and were reCurued by the .^Igeriuea with 
399 shells and ll,3S4 shot. This vast expenditure of auimunition 
produced no correspundent eflWut un either aide : the town waa ra- 
peatedly set ou fire, but the flames were soon aubdued. Tlio eaanqih 
of Gibmllsr was followed by llie Ki'rrisoii in the use of red-hot ballt^ 
hut they did not pi-oduoe a aimilnr effect. The Algerinei mada 
several bold sallies with their small vessels, but w«ro eoiutantlj 
repulsed by the auperinrity of liro from tba Qcet. In the foUoiving 
year the Spanish armament wsB reinforced by Portuguese, Sea^ 
politan, and Multese vesselsi and seven attncks were made upun th« 
pUce, which was luiwever agaiu so well defended, that all the effiirtt 
of the Christian cuuibatantB uniied were fruillau againtit tlirao Mout 
inftdets. 

4. The Eufekob Joseph at ofen Wir with tue Dnm. 

The Emperor Joseph, who hud already taken posscfsion of Hid 
diimanllsd the fartreases in tlie Netherlands constituting ibc Dutdi 
bonier, begun at iliia tiiae to mauileBt a disposition to take adran- 
tage uf the wKib and diaonlered state lUtu which the United Vat- 
vioees were plunged by the disuters uf the late war and (hair 

duel l«tw«n him and Lunl Micartiioy. tn the irtult tlic 1atl« wu 

wounJcd in the ihnuliler; Hiuut, nui i)i]K>wed, dralreil luui In Are hit 

lod iilst'd, and Mu-arlnFy «S)>i«t>ciI bin itidiucit " lu fnilfy the Oe- 



■ 1784.] THBEATERS TS£ FEACS OF OBIIlUilT. 15 



mterual diHeiuioru. Tlie Emperor xJvinrpd Mimo nbigleM 
IB, nroong whioli wns tlie free niivigalioii of tlis Scheldt. Tbn 
« unt plenipulontiarie* to llrnnela fur tlie purpnta of leUliiig 
tlwBO diaputea, bal on the lery Hay Ihey ■rrivnd (:iUl of April) 
K tnuJl detachment of Aiulrian troop* entered tlie Uutcli lorri- 
torjr and look poB«cuiun nf Old Lille, a furl which had bran 
neglected since the conBlnictinti of New Lillo near (t. Tliexo Iraiu. 
aetioin excited al&rai. The Dutch Rovurament seat truom la M>f»- 
Iriobt and other p)ncei, and damaudiid the mediation of France tuith 
the Emperor. ^ Josepli'eubject was to revive ihouieienl comnicrce 
of Antwerp, he determined lo make an experiment on the alarmed 
aoqnieeeenee of the Dutch. A Bmiill Flemish vonel nna sent down 
Ihe river, which poued thn Port of Lillo and the guard-ship without 
notice, but on its return it was bailud by the captain at the latter to 
bring to for examination. The Plemuig replied tlul lis had positive 
ordccra not to anhinit to a search or to pay respect lo the furl, wlieu 
a gna waa lired at the vessel. The Emperor on tliia nuute an ultj. 
matum to the Stales for — 1st, tlie free narigatioii of Ihe Scheldt ; 
Sndly, the deniulition uf the Dutch forts ; and, Snlty. an uaitiler- 
rupted commerce with the Dutch settlements in the East Indies ; 
and he repented his experiments uf bringuig Ihem to reason, by setid- 
tng dowD on the Qth of October an imperial brig, with orders lo iini- 
eeed to sea without submitting to any detention or oxamhutliun wiiat- 
arer. The result was that a bniadaida was flred into her from a 
Dulofa armed cutter, with albreatof scndiac; her to the bottom if she 
did not immediately bring lo, with which she was obliged to comply. 
On the iotolligeticB of this evcut reaching Vienna the Kmperor wiui- 
drew his ambassador from the Hngne, and a large AtuH'iaii army was 
placc<l under orders to proceed lo the Netherlands. The Dutch 
immedlRtely made active propan^ons for reHistsace, and in Novem- 
ber broke Uoivn a dyke near Lillo and laid the adjacent tiiict under 
water. In this state things rcmuiucd when the severity of winter 

J suspended farther operations. 

I Tbrbaikks the Pkacr or Gehhiky. 

The Emperor Joseph, still busying himself with projects inooQ- 
I sistent witli each other, raised at the same time a ferment agaiuat 
himself in Gerniany by a secret proposal to the Elector Palatine, who 
»BE also Elector of Bavaria, to aggrandize the power of Austria by 
exchanging the Low Countties fur tlie electorate. The heir pre- 
Nimptive, the Duke of ZweybrQclien, heard of this project from the 
court uf Russia, and at once applied lo the King of I'msaia as 
guarantee of the treaty of TeKchi-'n. Frederick, now on the very 

t verge ot the grave, would not again nnsheath hia sword ; but by 
wiae and prudent counsels he tormed a cnitfcdenttiun, of which 
Pnusia was Ihe centre, to preserve Ihe Gemian cotislitution in- 
biet. Joseph made Ihe most vigorous preparation for war indefeoca 
gf his gchewe, but at leaalh listened to piMideivce, wi^ Ccaa 1^»ns> 



CATQABINS OBTUKB TIIR CRIUEA. 



I. iKxtrr DXTWKKH Till! KHPimnn jimrph ind ' 

DUTCH llrillTKdl.nRIi nui'lllTIM) OF MlU'Unl 

VrtTM 3. Tan KHI-HICW CtTllAltINK IJDTjllNa 

CIUHRl. 
1. TnillTr IIKTWUKN TDK EurKllOK JOHICril A!ltl THK Dutcu. 

Wliilii tils Eiii|iuror'ii attonlion wm drnwii towar^ii Qcriiikny, Iha 
Dntoh wught tlie aulil&ncc of tliu Court of VcrMlllpo, hikI thu cinml 
d« Tergoiinn arnt tli* Mnralinl do Mnlllcboli. nt tliolr Iiimluniino, to 
takD tha eominuiil iif ilialr fom*. But nt IrailU tlir>>c ill*|>utM 
war* nratenteJ from rising (nta » Wkr by tlio (iitorvcniiDii tit Ihi 
Franen Court, kihI thn Kmpror ftdmittaJ > hnmlilH ni>iiln)n' ttnm 
(OHIO nut«h ili-imlitw for tlm insult ta lil« H%g, AVii no fnr yii'lUnd m 
lo rvlimiuUli lii» grand point rt>«|irrtiii|i tlio Sohfldt, un whiuh twm 
a trMty wiw U Imgth adjtwtod on tha 8tb of No*eiiib«r kl Funlalos- 

S. Thr Uiircii Stadtiiolpbk tiBCHiTiw OF MiMTiiiY IIoMoon m 

TliD Frriich hftvinn now abutined a oonilderiible influEiteo In 
Duteh ciiuiii?ll>, a ■trang domncrittlc party wan itlrracl up uniirr tk 
unjtvctlun to u-nil||n or alirlditci tlio auilioritT nf tho SudtlioliUr. 
In MiiMqiKina* iif thin aHhint lia nitlrod to hlii own olty nt 8r«dl% 
whD* iho King of Pruuia romnnMratiHl on thvir inMoitiit of ■ 
prlaetM marly oanuvoMwmihLini nsrortlialnuitlioSUtteSkbaohvd 
iho troop* from nil allagiuicia tu liiin, and tmiipbrreil tho mitituj 
hoooura luiAlly cajnyod liy tho Sttiltluildor to their Penilonary. 

a. ThK KkPUKM ClTIUKINU CIUTAIMI ruMBMlUN OP TUX C&IKU, 



KUd ill* bnrdon of tlio Canpiau Su, In 17H3 the CuwIm 

ptiUlalMd a miuiifHta In whioli alio aiiwrted that Rim hr ' ' ' 

«Maion of Iha CrlnioA, and ah» enunad a Tartar Kluin hi 
lobo bruuslit tnSt. I'l'tanliurgtuattcat hor right of ooiKinirRt. Ttia* 
Catharine Tiad Ilia extnioi'dionry kooiI (brtuno to n^aliio niwt of '^ 
plana aiid proipfia of I'rtor thp Groiil, and advanced her ompir* 
ntarwto the "■- '— '- 



w gatea of CoiuiantiDOplo. 



. TDO* 
tofth* 

i 



rSG.J DEA.T1I OF FHEDEREOE, IQNCI OF FBtlSaiA.. il^ 
IDkatu AHii Military CakvucTsa or Frederick II,, Kinq of 

Frederick II. of Frusaia, son of Frederick William I., by the 
imecMB Sopllia Dorotliy, daughter of George II. of Great Britain, 
M ou Ihe 17th of Aui;iu>t, this yeD.r, in hia aeveaty-fifth year. His 
iHy Adniiation was conRded to French inetructorH, which gave him 
mMgbuut bia whole life on inclination for the literature and people 
' F(«aoe. Hie father ueed auuh vtolent meosurea to introduce hiui 
ik> Sw OKTeer of arma, that Frederick at first took a diBgust to it, and 
' ' self up exclusively to the study of tlie belles- lettreB. Thia 
the breach between fatlier und son, no that the former 

1 bis aeverily and dialike towarda the iatler, whom he nailed 

k Ftoncb p«lic-maitre who would ruin all liia deaigna." In 1734 
xederiEk lutd an opportuoity of accarapanying an auxiliary carp* of 

* - -- the ossi«taoCB of the army of tho Empire, on whioh 

acqmuntance with the celebrated Prince Eugene. 
UA Iwteitnd the Prince xd much belnw bia ideal of a great man, that 
~ ' wainc more than eyer alienated tram military pursuits, and 
he Tetnmed home retired to bia castle uf Khemherg, where 
Idadieated himself entirely to the Muses ajid to the suciety o[ lile- 
Bjr HMD until his father's death in 1 740. 

On Ihia event, to the aurpriae of hia aubjecte, and disappointment 
T-hit UMoiatea, he at once changed all liia habits, and devoted him- 
B M tho ■dtninisCration of attairs, and cspeeinlly of his army. Hf 
Vr*aael«ry kiad otfrivDlauspursuit,anddividedhis time between 
Wncuaand reviena exclusively: be roao at iivo in themomiDg,and 
d» ao naolutely, that he ordered a wet cloth to be tlirown on his 
f nioming, whatever niiglit be the aeoaon, so as never to 
hiniaelf. It did not escape European observadon that be 

. >^Dg his forces and attmcUng ofticers fivim evei'y quarter 

to bisMTny, nor did lie leave the vorld long in doubt as to the ten- 
nq'^f biainclinationa, forbesooRgut upa quarrel with the Prince 
""^p of Li^Ke, nmrchcd Iraiips into his territory, and made him pay 
and mid fur his pardon and reconciliation : t>efore the first year 
Ib rdgn had expired'lic invaded Silesia, frankly avowing Uiat he 
•a VBif ready for the Geld, a long-accumulated treneure, a de- 
!• Uijuire glorj, and claima on the Invaded province, which lie 
" ■'■ proclamstioD, without asking the owner whether head- 

ry short time the founder of a new 

of military disciplino and scicoce. He applied himaelf to Uie 

wk nt Mfuming bia army by theao four moans :— I, By extending 
t & bf wstdiing the least defects in its discipline ; 3. by cxensiaing 
UnMlf con^QuMlytliat ha might know bia aoldiera, and hia soldiaa 
■O* hldk i and, 4. by studying the military art, su as to eudeiivour 
I |iv« • riHW direction to its tocLica. Tlicso were tlie earliest, and 
■Kiaaoil tu be the fctvourite objects of liia ambition. He cooi- 
i.licig tbe. tunoont Vf h» artillery, i^id creating lurie 



I 



IS DJI4TH ilTD MTLITAET CU1.BACTEB [iJK 

FrpJeriok — ho praoliBed efery clianije of directinn and every rooTo- 
inent of ihiii f tree at a gnllop, sad bj' this meuu acc|uired s tuI 
supirri'n^ty over bd enemy by Ilic nctivity of his movemenM. Ha 
hkd 100 squadrons of husnra of 160 men in each, who wtrre in Ul | 
time the beat ia Europo. He very much couaiderad the duty of ont- 
poata, " L> science de la polite guerre," as he eallad it, and he eon- 
indered ■ good kaawtedge of tbia to beasensential to ui iifRcer of tha | 
line M that of fortificAticiQ to an engineer. MureoTerhe looked on ihil ' 
aa ihn bent achool in which to form genentla. The baowledgaandoh- 
eervatiim of ){round obtained by husaars ; their neceaanry ijuielineaa ia 
the euttf-d'ail; thdr habits of circumventiag in BkinniBlii9a,of aMftt 
diapatch in their patrola, of vigikace in their piokeU and vedelle^ 
maide in his opinion "la petite guerre" a perfect military ecbool, 
The King kept hia huBBam coatinually on the alert, oausing them to 
alann the enemy by nigbt and by day, by reconnmtring Tillagea, 
carrying olFfbnige and supplies. &a., and he rcquoated the ufficon to 

!;ive him detailed reports of the iwurae of rivers, tlieir bridgM and 
iwds, th^ nraoticabitlty of pwsine through forests and uf croaaRg 
•wamF*,a11 which muat have made his cavalry i>SicerBtnost valuable 
leaden nf Iroapa, and excellent etaff-offlcers. 

His infantry was lone regarded as the especial model for eYctf 
European army, being the best disciplined " el la plus raanceuvriiM 
da I'Eurape." He was enabled, by the perfeetion tu which lie 
hod brought this osseutial ana of the service, to mancBuvre even hi 
face of the enemy, to outflank, to bewilder, and to gverwhehn, by 
brinrang to bear on soma one ungle point the whole collected fores 
of bu army. The favourite moTemeut of tlis King was the change 
of front, which he waa the first among modem U-aders to dare to 
make in [he face of an enemy. It was annther of his syatema to 
make wliat he called his " ordro oblique." He is sujipostd to hav« 
derived it from the maxima of EjiamUiondaa. This cnmprehcniit 
every BMcies of diapoaitinn by wMch troops can at pleasure be made 
to attack any point of a liue, while a reserve is held liock out of reach 
of attack. He would furm part of bin line in columns right and left, 
and with one amuse the enemy while hemaniBUvred for hours with the 
OIliBr, until he could at length cumbiae an attack on some part of Us 
adversary and overwhelm him. This order is the most scientific, (he 
nimt artful, and the most perfect of all. Vie used a great deal of am- 
ning in such movements, and the most inviolable secrecy ¥tas alwajt 
preeei'ved as tn his real iiiten^una in this, as indeed in every thinK 
At flnt ho made it a principle with his infantry to depend cspedall}' 
npon its fire, under an idea that Imops composed nf peasania from 
difTerent countries, und not animntod by any great public spirit, omild 
not be sufheiently relied on ; that if brouglit into the hic'di, they 
woaldrun away and desert, and that they could therefore only be le- 
Rtrained from this by extreme vigilancsand disinpline. In later yeais 
however he mnch modified these opinions, and became more seaaibla 
,' 1^ tie admnOiges of tile naked ateei.eo that he alKcisJIy directed that 
Mb troopg altuald always make ground b] b«\&\u vUuuYmt^ M iSivt 
^»1fB, tad oa no accouut be haal^ in fttiugt 'iiceiiao Sv \tDfit&e& 



6.] OF FBEDEBICE, KOO OF FBTTSBIA. 



19 



mumI bi llikl 



e esKnlial duty. " II is not bo mneb the men killed," he 
y, "an llio grouod jjpiined tliat give* the victory ." Thenrtil- 
'' ' ~ which the King Jeaat attended and which he 
: : in Frederick's time, indeed, it lind by no 
, perfection aiid coosideratian which it enjoys 
. . wea Buoa nat^mished Europe, and be was heoce- 
. _il nffardod as the great oaptain of tlie sge. Whether in war 
FIb ftMi he liiTcd la bo at ihe head of his army, and mdilary meu 
Kill MOOtrlea flocked lo bls cncajnpmenta and reviews to learn the 
^•f *«f. He wuidd thero fight hia battles over again, and take 
lnBla|[e of these occasiuiw lo instruct hia ofiicerB aa (A ihe faults he 
id cciiilinill<d, and the causes of hie nltinuite success. He always 
d lb" ni»ntha of Maj and Juno to these maucuuvres of hia 
' ~' jeervedforthegroRl reviews at PotsdAm. 

. st admit strangeTs, and at no time would 

■ •tHMedig lu them the permission to be prestnt except by a request 
draMed personally to himself. I'liia pracUce he contiuued to the 

aQfhi.rif^ 

' yradtriok waa in his person belo « the middle st.itnre, of a very 
>d laprebsiun of coiinlenance, with eyes full of lire and peno- 
Uis (one of voice was clear and awcel, and hit manners 
d tad gtatle. He was nut a man of blood in his civil admiiustm- 
1, and cveu shuddered to siipi a dcatli warrant, yet he was inex- 
' Is iDWarda any act of military insubordtnation, and often punislied ■ 

< < iiuuting circumstaucea. He was fond of money 
<.l:irbawhe got it. He *xtort«d coDtribatiuna 



Q with a 

j.iil manopoliea; andalthoughheexpendedlai^ 

i> many district the consequences of war to liis 

ccumulated a conuderaUs treasure iu his uwu 

m Iran > love of it, and to be prepared against contingenciea. 

1^ FMdvrick, ITks CKsar, united the talents of a writer with those of a 

ka. ju the moat complete edition, occupy nine quarto 

'X Diuatly in FruDeh— poems, history, juriaprBdence, 

lie was one of llune extrwirdinary men, who by 

■ •d^ilaud regular partition of their time, accompBDied wiih strong 

"itito uul peraBTerance, eau pursue a variety of occupations, which 

JBBOU mortals must eontemplats with astonialiment. An aceonnt 

Bdw briiiliul mods of life of such It man cannot fail to be an object 

■lirsWi He was through life an early riser, and aa his dreaa was 

fa lb tlienitreme and always military, a few minutes uf a moniing 

^' ""» lo arrange it — boots always madu a portiau of it. Every 

im flvo m the laorniug tiu ten at night had ha n-gular 

His lint employraeut was to peruas and aiwwsr aU the 

A were adilreawil lo Iiim from all parts uf bis domiiiioivs : 

: at Ills Hubjeela and Htraogers uf every country beinr 

ji to addreas tlnnnaslvBs to hta Majesty diroet. Every propoMu 

■ tn l>9 mail)!, and every favour to bs wkvil in writing, and a 

* ~ ' '" n with* pencil in ihe margin diioalod his Seera- 



20 DfalTEBECTION DT KOTPT. 

and re 

hour by bII the gencraU nnd colonels in kU the provincoB. At twelTS 
precisely he dined, genonlly in company with some uf his nfficen. 
Two liaiirs after dinner he retired to his own study lii read or 14 
oumpoac. At seven he had a privBto eoni«rt, in which ho Ovqueatlj 
hiniHuK pHTtocik, for be played tbe flute with the skill of a proflsawA 
The oonvert wbb followed by a supper, to which fev were admitted 
exoept literary men nnd ^hilosopliera. 

A declared unbeliever inrreTesled relif[ion, he «M fenrleaB of the 
exlinctliin of his life, being at any time aa ready tu commit snicida u 
to incur danger in battle; whatever were his notinna on the subject irf 
aTeligiuusfuih, his morals were uniformly guided by no other rule tbM 
liis own pleasure op interest. He rejoieed in the sooiety of wila tai 
learned men, aiid his couversatii>n with them was nlwnys rery Svotj 
< and brilliant. On these oeoaunQB he diBcarded etiqpette, in order to 
render their intercourse more traa and pleaannt. He never even re- 
strained any remni'ks levelled nt himself. He was also moat indulgent 
towards the writings of hia literary friends, holding all oUntnny In 
titter contempt, ho that the liberl; of the press in hia time wm terj 
considenible. " It la my busineen," said he, "to do the duties atatf 
atatbn and to let mnlevolencD aay what it will" Somethinit like 
this saying is recorded of the &mperor Titus. One dny he savr a 
crowd opposite hia windows reading a satiriesJ placard against hit 
person, when he sent a servant to lower it that the people might 
read it the easier, He could be verysareaatic and quick at repartM, 
and he delighted to draw out men into someabsurdityfor hia own MM 
hia oompany's amusement. When ho was told that soma one bad 
abuaod him for these things, he asked whether his enemy had n 
irnnj of 100^000 men, " No, sire," replied the oourtier. " Then," 
said Frederick, " I can have nothing to da with him : if be tiad » 
powerful aniiy at his command I would declare war against him." 

Prom his early habit of playing the flute he carried hia head k 
little on one side, and latterly eut on horaebaek i»ith a beni bady 
and a litose eeat, but he waa a good horseman in early lil^, and mw 
fund of the diase. and he retained ta the last his Inrv of does ; of 
ihme he had nunitwrs eontioually around him, some of which vna 
fllupc in hia bod. When they died he had Uiem buried in a mania- 
loum in his garden, and he directed that at his death his own body 
shoul.i be placed in the midst of tlicm — the only iwdor this groat king 
ovet' gave lliat coutd have been safely disobByed. 

S. Tug roRTB rori down in iNaunnxmoN in Earrr. 

Egypt had long beni a prey to the miiteutiins of rebel Beys, tan nt 
whom, M urad, hail t.iken pusaesuon of the lower part of that oi>iiutn>. 
Tbe Porte itoiiorJingly sent out a powerful armament under Iha 
ooinmond of Hasaau Bey, the Capudan Pacha, who sailed tar tlia 
Nilei and landed his forces at Rjosetta. pj<DOFeding to Cairo b> 
gRv« Murod and the Beye a total and bloody defoU In tbssoburbaof 



87.] 



BEFLKCTIOSS. 



Bsvi-KmoNS. This Yeib trb [iubnino-poini op Peacb a. 

Ik very ^eceitAll calm nt this periud overspreud llie worlil, nntl the 
tt Mgncions oould nut see Ilie signs of tliu tiiuee. DeBjiutisni hbd 
till nid to the growth of libvrty, Aod freedom uf thuught Mid Bpeuch 
I erery i*hero bcpome prevnlent. The day hud been gainod, the 
— ' WM (ereiie, the night wna ffcir, hut a tirtihle dark cluud of. 
laudalmean'Morershndawing the morning Bky.aod the fury 
^ Hirrcata waa about lo he let looie on the world. Tho uld 
its of Europe were in a etute of approaching paralyus, the 
twakaning to their atreogth nere only liept dowo in erei 
intry by atunding armiea, between irhicli and the citizene (here w. 
M4 tine of diHSaliBrutioD. A paesiun for innovatiou, (lailly cone 
U DO the aucoeag of the AmerleanB in estahlialiing their freedom, 
«Ww4 all people and orerwheLmed all uiiderslaudiugs. 7" 
m Ymra' War had aet an example of the nggrandizemeni 
1 the epoliatiun of their ^ubjecta, while the portiUon 

JOWcd a. lust of power in tho mighty not to ba restrained 

tlMM obllgalioiia which hound the nasaei In their intercoiuwe 

b Meh other. An unirersol love of playing at aoldielH after the 

aaer of Frederick of Pruaaia infected every cuurt, and a very 

lt-MaWr< spirit was engendered t>y it, that dlagusted the people. 

eUHtieul respect given to Btatiiin and power was unhinged, and now 

It Ike lock of the duor was broken, it was seen that in the interior 

UtdnelK all whs selfish ; do pnhlic spirit, no desire to amend insti- 

la or to ameliuratH the condition of tjie governed existed within. 

1 waa in trulh at tliis moment distant, there waa no war in 

it. (ho world this year, but sulphurous firea were alumbering 

"W heard by the thoughtful, while " villainous aaltpetre" 

ed in "the hnrmless earth." Mara might have 

have jiial died in the person of Frederick, hot 

D bald tile reins of the chariot, luid was prrpoi'ing e 
honderbolt upun the world slifliciL-nl to rouse the hero af' 
tt<if hia aepiilchrH. 




PIISCB OF ItXVKIirtCK lyTKM nOtLlKK. [^B. 



1. Tub Dun* ar Utumwicn Kimw llot.ui>» wim I'mmmm 
Taoon. 

AA«r tha dbifrrwa piil upnn hlia hy tli* fItalM Onuiml Iha PrioM 
ftudlliol'tar luul ruui'irnJ Wit muH Ui NlniHji<i*n, wliar* an )iMirK«tiul 
•Uampt Bt nutfiitUtiuii liul Iwni amrrlMl on. Tlia KntHtan fiyal hmllj 
»■« ■IkhI)! alllail with Bnd intsrwMil f';r tlia fMnll; irf Nua-ail, hM 
til* dmtll of Kndn-Iflh tlia 0ml •■■ n«*on)iii1aMt no k^ "» I'"" (" 
llwm, for thBt King hBilalwava bom invllnari f> fa roar Cnn'S g-lirj-. 
wblm WM Bl thl* lima n|H<nlf aicrwd In favour of tliv f'tri/ "I'^'isnl 
M tha SUillhoidar, The Duka of Brnnmloli (baltitr Wi'.w,, i . ,. .n 
tlMlaMw*rMlh«llaFHltur]>l'(iiiH)»Biaiiniiohtii'ii I 
tha Dulab itrmy, awl kniiw lia «oiil>l r*]]' In ■ gr'H' 
aflMn. Iiut WW nM » Donfliliml of tho aoMiin. H' 
Jmi*, imweTBT, HoliHial IhilnMrl* minHiailait hi* ii».. 
butalkm aUllimail wlih him at rlmlnirBbr I'l )-in O" 
■ad Km aiuniplv aawmail inaUnilr «i intcvt thn wlioln Jiii" f.i >» liMa 
" -UiJHa of llw Brmy uf tlie ooantrv Joinad ilin Dub*. 
. . / , _ ^ ,h- -• "--^ 

w nrS!aBlfef>d dMiBtwd In liia I'rlnMof Or 

* Kinf of PniMls wu Ulipowd alao ta bM irt ' 

_»b4iw, Mrl anllMl hi* InHuBnoa •rllh ihal of il.' 

Sbdataneaoftbal'rbuwIUBtliholdar. Whilaxil. 

a high-Bplrltad prlne 

— '— flOfc»J( 

kins aome firouoaBl* from 
but «n tha SHlh of Juna atio wn* nrraalwl will) hrr 



U pimlar pany, undarlfloli a Jourae}' 1« tha H*<t"<' 
if BiBlilns 1. •— - .._.......... .1 



■all from 1i*r iiuahamt to lli'^ 



»f annail liurxhan atid ■iiiifa iiiiiiiinnl caniiry, who . 

BB pri«<iiiHr ki Hohnnhiivmi, iiut at iimilli pnnnitli"! h : ' . 

bl Niin«(ii II ifh ii.rl witi.m.l •■%y,tt]rnri<'X rwy in-^rlr,n ir-.t- 

froin ti... mMi^n w\«, hi'l li.<r In •■n-fAy, Tl.ia indlgnHj 
(in«nul l<i lii* iiiiVt rmifil lli" ii].lril i/f ili" I'niMian Bionarch, wta 
inaialMl liisl [Iiitii'diat* ■ntlnfaell'Hi nlioiiM In ni>dx frir Ihn iiiMiil, 
Tha SialM of llulimd In iIkmi oircnmalanFo* ii»a<i thti crmirt nfVal^ 
aalllBB U> aoma lii lluiir aid, wb<> talkad of BMwmbTinft a cainn ai <;iv«l, 
but iKrtwiihaiaiulfDg Ihia tha Dulia of Drunawlfh bcipin hhi inaroh 
wllb 18,000 mm. Tba Mpubllcsa ohlaf*, ralylni »ii Vrmcli aaaiah 
"--•, HMilred lo makaB Bland *l AnMlardam. Branawl' - ' ' 



fiirtlflad, ijul not aufllrlniily ijarrbniind. AIi'hji 000 
bfiMa M nJlhl nudu ■ nnrsa MlBck on ila aurpriaail iKiau|ianW, and 
I Boonradtietd It, bnl tiin [HHrt al A nnialTiH-n waa ■» viRinK in fnmltliat 
an aaaaait upon il aaanwil linrialtna. On tha lal of October Iba Duka 
BWarlliatMa DiB'to |ni>|iami'iiia l<i attack II i whila a doUohnifflt 
bnuwii "t tba lalia airuroa«iiod tlia my. Tlio Ullar 
n/f tH'itmoiJ a iMttBTj BUil anma tni*eniM,ualtii4 n«sf Um 



1787.] TUBEEY SSCLAREB W^B AOAnfST RDSEIJl. 



t Tbe British arm in defe>cb or Prdssu *: 






I 

^H Tbe court of St. Junn'ii, on leeins Ibe delBnnirwtinn i>r Pranso 

^Hh anlar into Uie Du(«h conu-st, deelitred ita deicrmliiktiun tu dpfmid 

^Hm PnualaD intervention if llig court of Veranitle* UlBcknrl il ; uid 

pHb« Rritl*h r«rliuDeiit voted uuanimuuiily Co Ukc ^000 HewiuM 

I I inta Engliali |>*y, niid ngruiil tn atn»d hy Pnisaik and HolUjid, 

will) mm or inuney, iwo nmiiiliH »fior reHuiMiiiuu. 

' 3. The Stadtholokb. op Hoi.und HKritnNi m the Haduk i« rm 

l' Tlie uniRioiin table lugluet of the Lake uf HaaTloin liy lbs i 

IScans avorled the impending Biorm by oocMiraiing tlie Duk"« of 

Itrunswlcli'i apeody triumpli, for bo entered AniBterdmn mi tlio lOlh 

nf Uelflbor. Tbe Pruirianii in iIidh attacks lent 1A< niim, I'll* 

Irlnmph of tbn Staddiolder'* party was compleie ; tba I'rinca of 

Unuige being rrtlared In all his rlj;bta and prerniintivea, ^ade a 

I trfnnipbii] entry into Ihe Hagae, reinstated in all Mb furnier,and even 

le additi'iiial iirivllngea. 
t4> Iriebvibv or tas EHreBoa Juseps ind the Evrntua Catiia- 

HINK AT CuEBMia. 

t Tim Empress Catharine of Riiuia aebscled tbe summer of tliia 

making a triumphant entry into her newly-acqaii'ed terri- 

, on Ihe bunks ut tlie Dnieper, and bere abe met tliu 

. Il 11. This r<!stleBBBovereiKn, convinced tilat Britain 

Fimnoe were enfeebl«d by the American war, doired tu ally 

tH with the Ciarina tint be miaht take adviulage ut the death 

of FMIerick to wrest frum Prussia ihe never-pHrdoaed ncquiiitiun of 
A* province of Silesia. 

S. TlIK TunKS DECLABB WAR BT COMMnTINO TUB RUSSIAN AllBAi- 
itDOB TO Till SeVEM ToWEHS, 

The Ottoman Porte still indicant at ibo oeoupitiun of the Crimea 
by Runiii, and furtlier irritated by tlie arroeitnco of tbe Czarina in 
making a Iriuiuphant pntgrens to tbe Turkivh frontier, as well as by 
lier tariniie uanifintatians ot hostility agninst tbe Turkish emnire, 
GoniTiiuneed h«stlliiivs in ite uhuhI manner by committing M. Bul- 

Bkow a prisoner to tlic Seven Towen, ami dupoied tbe Iluapodar of 
uldavia, who was xuapecletl of a traitomua correspondenoo with 
St. t'eteriburK nnd Vienna, The Capudan Pacha was recalled from 
E^pt, and placed at the head uf an army on the Ruasian fronliera. 

The Ituaaian army in tlio Crimea, under Prince I'utwjiliin, ovor- 
eonli' the Sheik of the Tartars on the lat of October, aniTafler three 
tereraJ actions the Sheik's forces were scattered and all llieir babilai- 

tlloaa plDudered and destroyed by Are. 
A wngular epeclticle was this year witnessed at CunMontinople, a 
^•pUndid elubaasy being received with great honour by the Suluii 
OBOi TiplHw Sahib, for the purpose nl eittaViVmV\m%iLWf.>»>^i>^«*K^ 
jfe« MMbiHuetan paveTB, so as to gather sVrenu^\\ W ^Ve (Aw.MnX'CwA 
i^atw wu again inipeuding whU llie BtUwh imc«&»i\a&». 
i -.. — : 




THX BOTAI. XNOUCKBHS. 

fl, Stats of Fbiucb, 



rowl adiela, but tliua Ilie pitrlUmeiiis relanei (o rc^Mcp. Th« 
Klnc, fteenrdlugl/, >eMtniMnfBil liy hU fimll} and all hi* court. It* 
laaud lujMTitnn to onruroo iilwitii'nce tn tlm royal *iicli<irii]r, bat 
In v»in. Tin iiiinliit«r, Culimiio, lln.-i. -~^:.....-.t ....i ,...r.n..«, .« 
lent to the King to i^aiivoku tLu Stales 



IKIHPEniiXOE!IKIUI.,ll.TIM2],lI>V*XCli« DNN PSLOBIDB^ — B> 
IritlUIIl ruCKi IIIHBKI.I' AT TUX H»D Or HIi tKHV.— 8. n> 

Trzinn bktkiu unh TiiiiRAiir*iCN.— 7- tun tUaiUikTTMK 
iNUN or ounuBO «t noHjiTtN.— tl. tun 



I. Tax RoTiL EmiRKKU. 
In this yeiT Hie oarpa nf Eaglneen, hitherto deemeil a civil eMt- 
bliBliiiieiit, wsa nude military, It m&y luriiriM many, us it did mgr* 
a«ir, to learn this fact, for it ia aingular thai our milltnrj^ aulhoritia 
ehuulU IiBvfl b>4en so long unmindTol of oae of thefiretre<|uisiteaof war 
— a uir[>a rif the moat eliiirul and heat iiirurined oHioxra. Such a haif 
moat have twen at aU timea most deainkbla, and the altaDk and dofeiiM 
of fiirtiHtd plBceH had nut b«en much prutiwd liy En|[1and in hw 
wan. NeverthelMiittheru jiad been BntBeBiefeefAnd thmn moat tlwaj* 
have hvea und«r their direction. It is o«rt«in thai in thn year IJM 
th« tlieneitabliiihuietitdUl nolpxeeed aixiy-ononineenifiirhu haJ ool/ 
miUtM7TMitiuh'nK)rftryfor theattainment of qaartera,«nd yvt tM 
Fronsh, it ia believed, liad eatahliahed ila rcRUlar eurpt de glnii mveb 
ix/irrif ihit tliua, snd even in the daja of Vanhan. It mud nit)' b* 
tap/HMmil that the Pnnminn nxample wlilo>i anvenwA o«t ti»S\»rj 



b 



TUe enrps, (or we hnro aoen Ihrt Frederick wm not aensiblo of tbdr 
Importauce. Tliey weie now iiwJudpcl in the Maliiiy A» under tlis 
kppellalioa of " Military Ai'iiflceii," mid liy aiime it wu Ihnugbt to 
k< ft matter of grent const llutioliAl iiiiporuiuce to Include civilioiu, u 
th*ae Hiigiliecrs were regai'ded, under murtlal Inw. 

i, VfjtR UEIWItBK RnSSlA, THE EUPIftE, iZlD TUB PoHTB. 

NatUing could Fxvcod the ABtonishnient which the news of the 
imex|ic«tod decision of llio Pnrte for war occaBionrd at St, Peters, 
burg : neTcnheleu, tlie tnanifeHtii isBiied by Russin twtntyed no 
■jiDptemi uf constematinn. The Emperor Joseiih on liia pnrt an- 
■Mmnn-d to lliu Porte that he waa rendy ai llie friend and aliyof 
kiisHH to fur>ii»ii li«r with l<0,()ft(l uu<n in tho event of a wu-. Pre- 
dei-ick Witliam <•! PruHHiii trioil to dlssiindo the Emperor from enter- 
in^ into the quarrel ; but ht iiiiswcrvd liiLu^'btily, "The award 'a 
drawa, and it thnll nr^t be I'csl.ored to Ibt! auabbiird till I bavera> 
gaiurd all that has b?i'n wreBli.'iI from my hnoae, and you are not Ibe 
toui to diiBunde me, for it was you wlio roblwd my motber." 

PniiF Imperial armiea were now ordered to be asMtnbied: one at 
CBFUtftdt in Croatia, under the oomtnaud of General de Vina; an- 
irth«T at Peterwunidin, iu llunew'y, uiidor Geneiitl Langlcus ; n third, 
MOilar Ucneml Febria, on ths bfli-den of Lllhuttnin ; and a fourth in 
dM BuknvUie, under tlie ordera (if the Prince of Succ-Coburg. 'fha 
Bnpvriir at the annie tiniv alaii Mnt Oiinentl Alrinxi aa liU cDumu- 
■tottar wi^ tlie anDtea uf (lie Ciarina. 

a. SWVDEH ino DkNUAIUI. ENTKa IWIO IHK CONTEST. 

But a new raetay now apjienred on the icene againat Ituaaiii. The 



iiiught) aubaidiied by the Forte, asseniblud an army at 1)6,000 men 

IU orilHr to KuibHrk them far Pinlnnd. Gustavua disinisHsd tlis 
Kimiiin ainbM-Mlar, and a deobrotioa of war fnnii the oourt of St. 
PntcTAburg followed. Dennmtic not only refuHfld to join Swaden, 
hut aulualV tKineluilud n defenaive allianeti with HuBsin. Kiii^ Gua> 
lavua had iherefure a double coni«at on hia liandi. A body of 

"" h troupi accoi'dingly penolratod to Gottenhurg, 
4> Ths Imfkrul Gehuul. Altin: 
IM'T" ii"> ib'.'li.iuiiiin «r hosliliti 




e with a 



t BKMRikDB. 

id by Iho Em- 



gnnteiit aeereoy and silenov 

I' lleoember, I767i 'or Uie pur)Hia« of 

I [^•.'•m uf Belgrada. It waa inliinded thai 
...'.1.!. ii.iv. L...L'(i joined Ihora by Oonoral Gumniittnan, 
ri< fikllcii down the Unuubo at tho Mina tiniB with an 
of men, tuaether with somo artillery and Croats: but 
WluT* thli Taat corps did not arrive, bo that wlien day 
i Aniad hiinaalf without coTer, expowd to tba viMrtC 
th« Are of the batteriua. The aurpriaa on i 



26 THE TTTEKS ATTACK THE PHIKCB OP OOUnBG. [A-D. 



the dismn; and confusion on the othur may be reiidilj' conceived. 
The Governor Papha behaved with wondertu! coohicBa, and sent • 
polite nieaaage to express his aupprise to see in a moment of peace 
tbia appearance of tniopa within the lerrlCory of the Sultan, and ia 
the precinctBof a forUlied eitj'. Alvinzi ret<irue4«-Hhufiling uwwec, 
and made such haste to repass the river niid get awa;/ Diat many men 
were said to be drowned, and tlie i-egiment of Eeterliazy suffered 
considerably iu the retreat. An equally unworthy attempt was made 
to storm the fortress of TnrkiBh Gradiaca, which fiiiled with tlie Ion 
of eighty-two men killed and 349 wonnded. The Imperialista wer^ 
however, more BucceasTiil at Dreesmlk, and some other nnall phusco, 
in one of which they put the garrison to the sword. 

6. TsB Ekperoe puces hiuselp j>t the mk«d op bis Aruy. 

A deelnration of war was at length made on the lOth of Febi-uoly, 
and the Emperor joined liis ai-my on the Donulie about the middle 
of April, when be fuund the small fortress of Schaliatz already in- 
Tested: the town was taken by slarm <m the SJth, and the ganisim 
of BOO men retired into the citadel, which surrenderad llie fuljmring 
day. On the very same day Prince Lichtcustein'H army, having mails 
re^lar approKches, attempted to carry Dulncza by storm, but were 
encountered in the breach by the garrison, and were routed, de- 
feated, and pnrsned with much slaughter. A reinforcement suddeni]' 
urived la the Turka of 18,000 men, who attacked the ImiwiialittS 
with incredible fury, destroyed all their intrench men Is, a ' " 
them U> raise the siege and repass the river Unnn. Tlie 
lost 120 men killed, and 400 men wounded, with many men of rank 
in both lists. 

6. The Gh.rd Vizier esieus upon thk Cimpxisn. 

The Grand Vizier, Jussuf Pacha, at the opening'of the CAmpain 
took the oommand of an armv of 200,000 men, with which ha 
encamped at Silistna in Bulgaria. The CapuJan Pacha had taken 
command of the fleet in the Archipelago, while that on the Bhtek 
Sea was committed to the conduct of a Vice- Admiral of the same nams 
and title, Ilaraan Bey, which his auperiur had fonnerly reiideFed Ml 
eminent. Next to tlie defeat or destruction of a Hnseian fleet, nth 
thing eould bs so interesting to tha Porte as the recovery of Kinbunt, 
for it was directly opposite to Oczakon-, and it was dangerous to hats 
K SUtioii for the Russian fleets so near it. Tliia fortress waanuW 
under the comtnaud of the Prince of Nassau. Hassan Bey, though 
reputed a man of great courage And enterprise, and held to be ise 
bol seaman in the Uttoniaii service, found sueh iasubordinaliua 
amongst the commanders in his squadron, that though he spent • 
tevr days at Oczakow, he returned to Constantinople from theneo 
witbont making any attempt upon Kinbm'u. 
7. Tbs Turks attick the Pbi^i-ce or Stxa-CoDDita at Robatiii. 

Tlie first considerable action which look place after the repulse at 
I>ubicza, was an attack made by tha Turks upon the Prince of Saxe- 



a788.1 TIOTOBY OTBR THE tCasa AT KtRBUBff. 27 

^IniT^, who caminandail ia the Bukovine. TliU Princi! hmd 
_ TOHBed the Dniesttr witli the iuteiilind of ssublishinit himself in 
Moldavia, and cutting off all Bupplios frum the garrlun of Ciiocxim, 
uid he «'U new poated wllh ■ eonaidernble body of forcm on thv 
heights of Rohatin, wA^iting la be joiued by n Riudan nmy. Sud* 
denly he wu atuurkcd with grent fuiy, but dufended himself ntouil; 
for three hours, makiiig great havoo with his ar^Ilcry, uutil he was 
joinBil by the reat of hts array, wben Itio Prioce Dbli>fed the enemy 
to retreat: but the Turks bringing up reinforoementB renewed the 
&ttac;k again in the evening, and nigiitwai HCftrcely sufficieoC tosepa- 
mte ihe eaminlnntii. The tiallle was renewed next morning ; and 
for the two falluving days the cessatinna were so short, thut it may be 
regarded as almost a cun^nuaiu action with various biiq««ih, smne- 
tiiDes on one siite and aometiineB on the other, UDtil nt length th« 
adverse snaieB deaiated witliout any decisive iidvanlage to either 
side. The loss of tlie Tui'ka was pri>diji{oun, nor could it lie small aa 
the side of the Imperialists; but the intrepidity and enthusiasm of 
the Turks led to raslmess and reckleseneiis, and lliuir bravery in- 
dneed a mnch greater respect from the Anatrlaaa than they liad been 
at first willing to entertain fur their adversary. 

8. The Ehpriior and GRino Vizibr oppobsd n Beloiude. 
The eaptare of Belgrade had been lield ont as Ihe first great 
olij<«t of the Imperial eainpaign ; and thernfore vast preparations 
wore made fi>r a sie;^. Three bridges were tlirawn over the Saave 
atHnit the end of May or beginning of June, and an eiiimnous 
tmtin of batwring eanuon brought forward from Semlin nnd other 
neighbaatiDg pirrieona. Tho Grand Vieier now quilted Silistria, 
and with 80,000 men advanced for its protection. Ho posted 
the Ottomnn nriny with the Danube in his front, and his left 
•overed by Belgrade and the river Saave, having on his right the 
IWUiM of New Orsova. Tliua uuasBailible in a most jndleioua 
MbA excellent position, he in a groat mesenre commanded the oonrse 
ofbolb livers, and had it in his power to iuvade tlie enemy's terri- 
torieH in any direction. This judicious post produced an Immediata 
ohacge in the Emperor's plan of operations ; tlie bridges over tbe 
Saave were withdrawn, and a camp eatabliahed at Semlin, fortified 
on all mdes, and every where covered by a prodigious artillery. At 
thi> point thorefore the war now became merely defensive; but, as 
the seaHm advanced, an enemy fiu- more irresistible and deBtructiVB 
than tbe Turks desolated the Imperial army. The provinces border- 
ing on the Danube are notoriously the must unhealthy in the world, 
and Ihe Hungarian camp-fever begun Ui decimate the army, wbilal 
iuao^on produced discontent, and aggravated the disorder. 

8. VlCIOBT OF THB pRISCR OF NitBSlU OVStt TBB TOBtt* AT 
KlNHURM. 

In tbe DiBiin time the brave garrison t^ Ocxt&Li«i , iowJrtJsfc. ■\i^ \ 
f it^Seel, determined to mako an effort iVieraaAvas Vi Tetasra^SJi- 
Bat Ihe Rossians had i^uietly leintoTceA ftie. ^■rT\wiv*,'>f«.«*i 



THB PKINCK OK UOBCUO TAKES CnOCZIU. [AJI. 



uniU-r Kaji'Pnclia made a fierce 
So long na iliirkiiUBB cniliired iLa 
tlie defongivd luocoMruUy ; bat M 
•OQn iM) da)>li([lil nppcKnid Ih* I'rinoe cf Namou Mmt toitli hia man 
from dUfunni gU"*, uid iK-ftrty eucltwed the oiintii)', whcaa Ibq' 
BtMnkMl on All thrM wdBii witb Eroiit uoui'nae, A dsBparkto Matioii 
•nrasd, la whi«h tba Turks won routed, with ■ lUuRbtor very coD' 
•iiUiftbIa on both ddci, Tba Ronuui GenoMla ItoGk and Suwamn* 
wtN horo tavinly waundod. Aa wiun u Snwnmiw ww ataa by hi* 
MldUr* wDuudcd, IiU wldlcr* dtBcouraged, foil Into cnnfuiiiun •■4 
IM, wlien he Imped fruni out iit bU litter, >n<l Ll«edinji *■ ba WM, 
mnnunl«d hi* hiiriw and ruithad >iiiiiii|t*t thorn, exDlaiiiiiiii;, "Chil- 
dran, 1 «ni atill nlivo." Tlioy rctiimod Imintnliataly tu tho atlwki 
which wia *!> TiKOmiia, that tlia Turliit war* diHvau down t« tb* 
wbtu'a oigV) "xl Ibero ailhar liillcd or taken priaouen. 

10. Tnit Pbtncr op Cohudo mtBiEiM inn t*xu Chocxin. 
Tbc Princi nf Ciliurg in bla imi'ntlxnua at tli« dalav of the Rn^ 
*l*n oaiitiiiaant mado aevBrsI dcMiiUiry allaoka uiion Ciiovilm, wtdi 
batterial of henry arlillory and mortun, frum tbu Poliah tuis (>f 
tba Unieater. The St-nuklDr who domnianded the oari'liiaa ro- 
turned tb« Are with aaoh flood Hfeot, that tbo l«wii of Uniba waa 
ladnoed to aahcs) bnl the Runalani under Qvueral Ssltikow ha*lii| 
at Imgtb arrived, prepriratlona were made fnr wrioualy commanoinD 
til* alogo with theii unlMd fc>rw>. Durbg the night of tlio SDib of 
July three Auilrbui and two Ruaaiau balterlea ware opaiiiMl, and at 
brMk of day otfaura were erooted on thu niitia of Braha. Tin firing 
now opanod with dreadful offuBi, and ahnlla, oareaam, rMl-hut bBlh|. 
•nd otiier liiMminenU at dcKiruetlun were poured upon tlio devoted 
town i all the houae* were reduced to wdiea ; tlio rary pallMdaa on 
tba ^de of tha furlrsta toward* tliu river, and even the Rabiont «i 
(be baatiuna ware ooneuiaedi The benepnti Ganvnla therefore on iha 
90th ol July Bummoned Ibo Turkiali Ggvemor to aurrender, bnt lh> 
intrtpld Seraakier deinnndod ihrso daya fbi' deliberation, and infalhr 
•mnliiyed tbo time in making n aiHct inquiaitioo into the alaM of hJw 
daronceii and reaourcca. lie found that hi* powder magaalna wm 
aalo, and look praoantluna for ita future aiTcurltv. Among th* ralw 
of ln<9 town, under an tuinuTn»» pile of ruliliiali, lis fouud mmaldai'ijjlN 
qnanlillea uT meal and grain uiicauanineil, iliimgli acmiwwhat ilainasod. 
Ha bad thia culleeled and alurwd. lis knew likcwiae that hiit ^maon 
emhl not any lonjer be cliainrbed by the hnrniog anil fullitig of 
boiuai^ for Inera were no mure In fall : lie tberofore rrtumcd fur 
MUWOT that he did not Hod on doe iniuit^ that ho waa under any 
Dteeoaity of aurrendBtJng the fortreaa. Thia nneapft^lvd anawor 
aatanialiM tha bealegera, wbo bad hoped a aiunxader, and now Aiund 
they hail to uudeRata the alajta uiew, and In earry on tha ral<j{naa 
and htboura of It for two Ions au«ceedlug muntha: at Isiinili on tita 
tSih of Seplambar the hanriD Ssraaktar at the brad uf SSOO ttmi, 
(kmhihnd but uncoiniuerrd, hraugbl ths alege to an mid, and marched 
out orciiocflni with aJl tlw liuooanuf war. 



1788.] THK BkSSift t 



II. Tbb Grand Vjzibh ikvudbs the Bikmt op Tbhcshiii. 
The GnnS VixiFr.inronn^ of tho muicb which kept hUwlvnMUf 
qnlaw«nt bt Bolsnulo, iiulood or fallowiDg Ibe dafi-nsiva principlo on 
wUcta ho twgko iiiD wftTfUaw ndoptod iniui*un» which vpraad dikngn 
Mid tumult un all eidcB! Iia Inid bridgea over the Duiiilia kl GUduv* 
and tm th* 7th of August emuBi] n Inrge detkchuiiuit with ■ view 
of iDTadlng the Buinat of Tenieiivrtii', which rKduenil lh« Ktnnuror to 
tha dUvmms cither iif Imhiiik tliat |in)viiice iii Im ruinoA, or of 
ktuuKliining hh strong Mmp at Stmlin. NoUlitig ooiild njnwad 
f[rt«tur ooiiHtimiiilioii and diamity thmagU tlis Impnial amiicit, uid 
evpn iti lilt c'liy of Vienna itsolf, tlian [his bold invMinu of tha 

Biiiiii:ii. D-'tiK'l iita wars immedUtoly diipatebcd from Semlin lo 

Gcn'-nil \\'.i\ '"ii-l.>l>i.>n, who eommiindcd in llmt province — reinforoft- 
mciifs fnjin nil.' iii|" Slid the other rolluwine the two arniica, with 
ilic I':ni|irr"i' lizi't i.iraiid Vlxler at their hoad, into Ihe field in tba 
lIuQiini. Wiiituiiuluben waa driven from tho hrighu of Mehndia, 
ami ihnl <:ii>' was lout, and wwn aflerwHnls Biin« wns attacked, and 
thiiugh ili^li'iiiU'il nui:tTeiiafiill]>, WBH with ]H.-rsiiveriuice nlitained U 
longih by llm SraHkier of GaoiTtU. 

" " ■7tb iirtllhuf August the Grand VirieralUehed theAoBtriaD 
, Papilht, iu the neiKlibourhnod of 0I<1 Orauva and Scliappanok. 
Illia litLtllo two baltalions of Reiaky wero out to pieoea hj the 
'di^ and vlolenoo of tbo Ottoman onacit ; olhur divisioni, broken 
TCUtcdi flvd into the neiglibuui'iiiK dslilcs for elidtor, and were 
Nwd with a deadly earmigp. Thirteen pioceH of cunnou, with 

, _... ,_ . „= . >• bnggiiKo, imd honws, became a 

|'l<prs)>' to tllo conquen>n, Bnd Orsova nith aeversl emnll neighbour- 
'■«g ^aee* vaa net on fire. The Kiiipcmr with Marahal Lacy 
■t the bead of 40,000 men immedialely mai'ched to eecDra his com- 
munications with Trsusyl THnia, where Frhria was already hard 
preaaml by the enemy : and the Grand Vizier ]iDiBued and hanssed 
the liTiperiillBtB on the Tnareh, thongh he did not bring them to 
aotioii nr intercept their movements, and tlie Austrian anuy arrived 
on thu SOth of August at Weiskirclien. Tho Emperor five daya 
latvr proonded towards KBi^nsebve, where he wasjomed on the 20th 
of August by General Wurteiulcbuii, who had bean fairly dislodged 

from nil his poaiiiona in and about Mehadia by the ' ' — ' 

....... ~,jm.^, -y 

r, und both pressed hard 
less boldncM Ihnu ability in 
waki and Vcteranski were bi>th 

^ uBtcuvv, buML biiD ui->jiu T iJtivi' uDetLi-ciJ tp se4i tho inttepid Msjof wfao 
I . Mmtnuded, and treated him with great lihemlity and much praise, 
H>'>Ob tbe 14th of September a bold ntceinnl was made by a oonsider- 
Hj>lkU« tiody of Turkish infantry and cavalry, to turn the Austrian left 
IT •ml attaek tbe arm/ in the rear, but this alUmv^ «A "aQ*. ■nAt*-! , 
~f iBODMrf, Ihimgba ireei Inter the Emperiir (oimiWniseW Mf«i*t*ii»& 
/ to abandon hiB camp at Kanuisebcs, nnd mavt\\ W> \.M.¥fa> Y°™**^ 



by his relentleoi eiiemy. Tlic reiicat win disorpditablp luiil uarar- 
luDkle. Temir, disorder, and ponfuBion ptTvndcd the Initwritl 
forces. Two raiiuiniia, cniBsiiig or incetiag iii the dark, (ired on ekeh 
other, Knd 1400 men wuru sacrliicad: htineB, carriages, waggons, 
and hagL-age atrewed [ho waya, and fell wilhnut truublo into the 
hands uf ihe enemy. Artillery and anna were also takeo, and SOOO 
meD %re aaid to haire been lo9l before Iha army reached Lugoa. Tba 
antumnal mius now Wgau to fall with unusual Tiolenue, and Ilia 
Turldah troo|is are ill calculated eitlier by nature or circumatBacea 
to ntithsland the extremiUea of cold and wet. The Gnuid Vizier had, 
mareovet, luaC a pnidigiuua number of nien in the repeated blooct7 
exertiorH of this ahurt oampaign. On the SOth of October ho thore- 
toto commenced a retrograde niovement on Belgrade. The Emperor 
trambling for his camp at Seiulln pursued him instautly, and endM- 
Toured in quality of pursuer to baniss the Vizier's army on ita 
DUfeh, hot the Emperor'a healtli had begun to give way, and he soon 
titer quieted the eanip and depvted for Vienna. In (he month of 
November an armiatice was concluded for an indeflnits term be- 
tween the AustriaD and Otlonum oommanders. 

It has beeu remarked as aiiiguhtr that Marshal Count La<iy, who 
hid ■eqitired Buoh repuiatiuu and honour in former wars, as to be 
dmaidered among the first geiienilB in Europe, is acarcely ever men- 
tioned in the trBoaactiuns of this campugn aa a leader, (hough he 
made the whole of it in attendance upon the Emperor. 

lit. NOTI CIPIIULATES TO MiRSBlL LoUDON. 



Primie Lichtensteiu's hcullh li ad no sulTered from the climate, that 
be DOW resigned llie ootnmwid of his army la the veteran Maialud 



Loudon, whose fl»t enterprise was the siege and ri'duetion of 

I stronger fo 
oaiatanee; and the Fachu of Traveuik 



DubicUL, wliivh lio got poasepwioa of on the 86lh of August, and pro- 
oeeded Erectly to the siege of Novi, a atill stronger furtresA. Here 



■Dado a hold atli'mpt to raise the siege, but was dsFeated. A breairh 
having been etTectad on tlie night ut the Slat of September, m 
iSMult waa now attempted, bat the place was so well defended tlut 
tbs Auslriaus were in their turn re)mised. At lungth having nuds 
lodgments both "a the bruavh sad uu the curtun, and brought wH- 
lery to play on the town, Nov! capitulated ou the 3rd of Oolnb^ 
Tho Mkrahal tiien sat down befitro Grttdisco, but th* autumnnl rftius 
camo on with so much violeDcc, that the Saave uvorHowed its bulks 
and obliged Loudon to raise the siege. 

13. Nival Waa brtwrbn tub TnnKs akd RinaiuiB. 
Vast exertions bad been made by Ruana to prepare for the contort 
against the Turka. Potemhln, the grand favourite, was war miniilar, 
aud could command what lie chose. One hundred and fifty thuuaand 
men were under his immediate command, oasiateil by Qeneral R«< 
manaow, Prince Repnin, General Soldkow, and other cntomondvn 
of uote. The army assembled an tlie ISth of June, on thv bonlia of 
tho river Bog. This groat force was supported by a fisld-traiti of 



8.] WAE BBTWEEN TEB BITI 



S iyD BWESSS. 



81 



n of nrUller}', bcBidei ■ vnat pni'k of henvy bt 

tan, ilwtiuL-d for iho aicge of iicKiikow. A poninn of Uiia 

m; ander RomanMw bad, aa already Btnli^d. beoii diipnlclitd t 

{^ort thv AoBtriBii umy under the Priaee or Coliurft. ThaDgb 

m Wftrtike prepirutioDS n( Kuttsiih (ui the cumpaign were TRBt, the 

■OTcnHHita of her ormieB were exlreiuely hIow. Slie vaa not, how- 

ftW, ao limck tu ber usval prepkration, which »as tklwsjs with her b 

- — of ]„ye^ irreBpectivB of all expense in its pureuil, Hera the 

a WM notariuiuly weak, and one victory by nMt would alAka 

• Maurity of the Torkiab empire more than the loss of half » dozen 

on Und. A powerful fleet of eigliteen «ail of the line, most 

D heavy glii])B of high rafea, and a cloud of frimloB and other 

vhhIb of s>ar ware acoordinfdy equipped, and ooimnitted to 

xgfi of Admiral Grcig, a Scotchman, and a bravo and diuiii- 

t •Bainati. Tbia Heet wai deetinod fur ihe Mediterranean. 

■ Bmtnl pQWera beheld witli implied or declared dieappmbatiun 

'(apedi&in.aa ibay had done a fanner one in tlie [ire*ioua war with 

kfly; but Genoa offered her pnrla, and engaged lu [nniiBh the fleet 

I atnTM and Ku|ipliea, whioh Fraiioe and Spiin puntively reTuaed. 

lUiMt any eoniinunication witli the Britisb g'lveminent plhit- 

Ha wtr* (mgauml in England Id guide the Ruaainn fleet ir ' ~' ~ 

idiMrianean harbuura, and mcrahnnlB wore found to pcvaura 

n large ahijiB to awve aa trnrierB fur tlio conveyance of pro*!* 

B,Bmw,arti]liry, and ummunition. Ab luon, liowevpr,aa 

^jrad, arutrunt wu laid, by the government on the sea- 

^idllppiiig of England fmm onloriftg into any (nri'ign acrvlci" 
BUna Ruauia applied to UoUand, who alao rel'uuil hiT nii 
f EngliBlmivu liad aecrpted aervice aa naval ullteti'H wli 

If onglil tu aot, when the Bjipointrnvnt uf the tiotoriini 
f a command in the Miucuvite fleet at Cniniitadl it 
f Brlliab ofltcBTB la gn in a body and lay down (heir 
I NoverthirteBa this gap waa filled up, and another naval 



lis... ' 



e of 



» appointed b 

., .. _ impoHod of a nuraerouB flotilla of (tlgatcs. galleya, 

_MtB,and varioua dcacripllonB cif light voteola calculatsd to aai 

V Ilia aborea and in sliallow wale 11. 

[ U. Warn BKTWicEN tnR Rvesiins asv Swxdks in chb B41.TIC. 

^BanlUtlea wcn> oumnienetiil Iwtwren llie RubsIuib and Swcdci in 

id nn thfl SiHt of Juno, a few ilaya afliTr tlw Kfhg reached tile 

Tha Sw»'IIhIi tr-xipn wrrp for flix niuiit piii-t aucci'Ktful in iho 

HKt>..M> xhii^h ti.iih pinco ali'iul the bordere of Kininiid, and 

<< I . -T. [ ihinhnrg Hpread ao uuconimim alarm 

' ' r"i' of ilaniier had never Iickii heard 

Iiiimtiaby I'elor the Qreat. Admiral 

I < ji.'iLiiixMinn of the Mediterranean H«*t, 

iiluly diapntcbed with a ntrung fleet 



U tj r wjwtadt i< 



D the Unir of finlanil. The 



32 HA.TAI. Bi.TTLE OZP HOOOUSD. [jLT. 

Sweduli fleet was coDHDEnded by tiie Dule of Saderauaia, tlw 
KinK'n bruther, and conaisled of fifieen ship^ of tho lino, lumelf , one 
ar70gUDii,threeaf6B,sn<l vkveunf oaty 60 guns euli. The Rin- 
aau Beet oiin«Bted of sevenlsen aul at die liiie, one of IDS, tight of 
74| uid the rem^Ding eight of <iS goni each, piawoieiiie on the whole 
a mneriority of 394 pieces of csnuaii ; but, on the uther fa ' ' ~*^ ' 
GweaeH h&d five large frigates of 40 gnus each, wLiich 
Greig obeecved were of suHJciently heavy metal lo fight in the fl 
15. Natal Battli! off Hoogladd. 
The hostile fleets came in eight of euh other off the 
Hoogland on the 17th "f Jaly, aud the action couimeneed ■ _, 

the afternoon, with the wind, wliile it lasted, fitvourable to 1U~' 
Runiaiu. National pride, animoHty, a sense of former ^Inry. anil m 
deep recolleFlioii of paai injuries, animated the Swedes with sU Ae 
influence that snch a corobiuotiaii was capable of effecting ; tbt Ma- 
lee^ IhercfoFe, was carried on with such fury, tliat in two hoim Ibc 
iiDicber of disabled ships on either aide waa so ^^reat that the SeCU 
were mutually obliged to draw off and rcjit. At eight u'elock the 
battle was renewed with apparently a fresh acceaainn of rage en 
both ndes; night added to the diffieolties, as each ship was in a 
great degree independent of the others. The Swedes seem to have 
m4 the adTaotage in this ni|;bt acUon, though the Duke uf Sodec- 
raania was surrounded and overburne by such a superiority of hoMil* 
Ibcec, that, but for the exertions of the gallant Count Homr, be miNt 
ha*e been captured ; bnt this nohlemnn and his two sanu fell a mi li 
fioe in tiieir snccsaafnl attempt to saTe the Prince. About ten o'^aefc 
M night the disorder, conruHion, and ignorance of Mends or tdret- 
anies in the darknets. brought the action to a coocluwra. Tba 
Tictoiy, as is usual in acduiiB oat absolutely deciiiiire, was claimed 
by both sides ; and each had an honnurable trophy iu mpporl of 
their claim. The " CladisLaaff " flas-tdiip, of li gnus, commanded 
by Brigadier Bergen, struck to tile Dakc of Sodennania. Tba 
■' PriucH GuBtanJ," 68, likewise a fl.ig, and commanded by CouM 
Waehtmeistcr, after having bnvely fought till she wan immorabU^ 
was taken by the Rueaians. Admiral Greig eaya In hia diapMol) ID 
the Kuonan court " (bat be never saw a Gght better sustained tbw 
this on both sides." Tliin, buwefer, accords but badly with Um 
fiict tlial he eent home seventeen captains in cUams tor thdr HI 
behaviour m the action. The loss on both sides roust have tmea 
great fnna the nature and circnmstsnees of tbe actiou, and was |ip*> 
bably pretty eqiuUly balanced. All the fruits of victory w*ni,ho#e»«^, 
ifieeddy carried away by the Rassian fleet, for being clixie bi ibalr 
tnval magazinesand arsenals. Admiral Greig was bimu enabled dXvSt 
And put to sea again with greater force tbui berurv, and thus stren^tb- 
esed tliey came suddenly upon the Swedes in tlic road of Swvabuigi 
where tliey wore a» inapprebenitive of attack as incapable ul defooe. 
Awalltd Ilia moment of coneteriatiaa and surprise, the SwidneouU 
not prevent Greig from ea|iluring and burning ll>o "Gitsiavu 
Adulpbui,'* of 68 guuB ; and the Kiuolans ahul up the wliok Heat 



IS.] 



THE TUBKB SEFXATED BT TUB ADSHUHB. 



'Iiiiur, wliilM they rode triumphantlj' in all the wuti 

I lbs two gulfs. _ 

Tbi excellently conatrtuted uid well appointed txmy nliich tlui 

king of Sweden commiuided in FLiiland would bnre beeu stile to 

lan? diwuiy Kud terror to the gates of St. Peteretiurt;, liut thiit avar 

iani* tha D»nclu«ion of the uhbub «f Alio RiubIb bad SKBlduouuly 

Wdttvouml to ilcbaucb thu Fliiluuilers ttom tbeir frieudiiLip witb 

nAm, and tl>i« bw) taken suuh duep root, IUkC tli« wioient nobility, 

w«ll w the people, were tainted wiih bnalitity to iha relgolng 

'ucign. GuitaviM, iheroforc, kuod found that lie could pUee no 

iflduiee In the army, Bince ■ gwiwul diaalfectiiiu pemded the 

ae», so that wbec at the Birgo of Frederickaham he commanded 

MMnlt, ih« o91ven m^ued to lead on the iruoiiH : ht, indeed, 

' ' me ou whom b« ihought he eould itill rely, but to hji 

menl and dismay, Ibey for llie moat part groundBd 

krma. He Ibonforo quitted the cnterpHae, and i-aie up tbe 

uuid (if the army in Finland (u tlie Lluke of Ostrogulliia 



10. W*B 
Tbo King ii 



rRE SwkPis AND Junta iy 
« pi'occeded to tliu toutbui 




i ul Saplember FrinOH Cliarlea of Htnau, Viceroy of Nor 
•ml IJHX.IrobylliBWia'Goaiit «itti 1 S,()00 men, uid giuned po 

>'i'i I II -: ..iLiioe of StTomueM and Uddewalla, wbsu, liHvinv 

' ' "ihn, be came ui alght of ihe great cuuimereiu 
: ; ilial iniprtant plauB Kia un tlio ete of eapi- 
I. Ill'' un'iviid thrrf by hinieelf on the 3rd of Octuber. 

'' I ' i ■■ ;li;ii>fiOOOar6aM}iu«nintbe town, but he would 

Ix'Ar iirniiii'i'iKliri and applied bimiwlf au t'fltioMally to the good 
« of M r. ICIIioil, the Bntikli mitiieter U Copi-nhaKf n, xud u> (ha 
rti ol ll'illnnit iiudPi'UHia,ium<rdlittursfur malntamiii^ilhepBaaa 
lat .\iirih, iliAi ihe Prllicu of llouo was ioducud lo witlidi'uiv bia 
ipa bank tu Nurn'sy about ihu luiddlo of Noveuibcr. 

HIS RUBSIINS IX TUS 

iCK Sua. 

fii^gemrnla had taken place in ibe Limkn estaar 

. .1^11 I'atha and the Frinua uf Naanu, in - ' 

.iioiiiabip were on the aide of tlie Ruaauu 

' :<1 iguorauce of the uaviutiou evan of llujj 

> II for ai^a in thuIrpueiHvMiin. Hsvbig faiJu43 

~:iiii liglit fleet froui tbeir great shifJii wilb Hp^ 

11 ViKlia had now hastily gottogetlier a littht flotilla 

if ll>« enemy, tu follow him amid llis iImwIi and 

liioli he was euamuoed about Kinbnm { and wilb 

v i>)iipa of war and iwme frigatea and ipillcy*! f'>nD- 

aUugitlivr a ououdenble amiiuuent, lie himself Jincled ti 

-*- «ub bia luual eagnrneaa and intrepidity in a rrigale « 




84 THfl BtTHBIAim CaPTURR ocs^lkow. [a.d. 

hit ttBtiduriJ dlii]il»y"J. Tho Kttniiliin flntllla wm itrj *dr>iita|(HiiwI]i 

fnteii, wid ill il grijnL muiiaiini kiivbi-uJ by tlio Wva u\ ilia fortroi. 
bo Tnrkinh vvuelB Mun benn t» itlnk in tho tniult, iikI v*nt Mm 
lo fdeaeii by tli* SnMUWit Mid ■aoMllniill)' dlr*«ti<il flro of tlw uimnf, 
NereithalsH Iha Capuitun PmIik b"n> ilnwn wttti i:>ll)Uitr]r aa Ihil 
vtniUliMiilitlleuppmltigiiliuilrDn.bat auon fcrit hiiiiwlt kii fivi'm iha 
mad thu his vHacI ouuli] nut bji wiy rxuTtioni ba ^it nlT. Tlis Hiv 
from tho tnwn and Iha iibl]Mi now played wllhoul latrfy it|iiiu hsr, 
uid wt lii-r on flra, and alie wu ii'iC wiiight off until nlic wu nrarty 
buvnod t>i tbe w&Mi'a cdKc, Fonr other neual*. Iiioluding a aFcmd 
flaji, w<«() liuiiied. bud two Ukan, and llie ncBttercd Hdillln flod '' 
M Uio (liEliEr u( UiB il.ipa uT tl]» Hue, wbon ili« Turiiiih eon 
wu onnibrlled tu eo buck la Voma to rnHi hk He«t t but 
aiipamd again In uia larau wutttm. 

IB, TiiK Uvuiimi UKDUK PinKHKiN cmuMB fJcttMl 
It wai ■oon after tbo TurUali Adiiiiral'a ninrn froui Vi 
Ihu l]l(li of July, that Pvlniw I'ounikin muvcd forwurd U 
Ocaaknw. Aa liiis kiutteTing train liod noL arrWad, bo mnuiwd hbn> 
*ui[ by )i1aoliiB ihe Kuna ho hnd in piiaiilau tu buinbnr>l tht town 
and tho Turkliih float; and wliilo thli waa SiAng ••« fruni the land 
aid*, Ihu Prince uf NaitMu inuriwucd ihn terror at ilm lindifcd by 
ODdtlnaad oinhi attack* (mia hl> floililu. Tb< confriitiniinn waa 
thai the Ottuman float *a» utterly and loUlly annlhUiU-d, and iha 
Dumbor of vaaiale aiid ^-uiia atatad hi hsva hemi d»alr<iyd ii|>i<i:uf 
■Imou insredibla, Oo»ko» ww jj|arriM)i»d by alioiit W,»Ot} Aunau 
troOpa, and the dofenoa naa, iiotwlI)iataudinf! tbn injurina dona to 
the nvet, earried on wUb vigour, obitinaoy, "" 






■allha of the garriMi wvre frequvnt and deaperali-lr an] 
mwlul, and alwata danijeruui tu (bo btiiii-i 
ry tu behold mf larj^e a foroa of vetoran . ... 
ill, 10 vaat an artillory, and auch dRolimt ongiuMn 
aa the nuialana poHXMii-d, baSlud by a alnglo Itolated fortna^ boreR 
of Itt fleet, and doMobed froin alt liajHi ur poulblliijr of aDCMur. 
Yot wbtar approoehed i iho ciinibabinia un ihu Danube ware Alraa^r 
In wlutAr-qMartera: Ibc sold bad bw.'ume laaulTurabla, and the noM 
Intolerablo fn>in tho acardty ot fiivwoiid In that bare and bUak 
r«i{iun ; tho Huealim cuvalry, tn duttanea of all dlwlpllno and tlie 
inflnunaa ef their oummander*, doMrtad the eamp. Prinoa Potam- 



'ired hit hnuoar, itnd perha|ia hia rurtuii*, niuknd 
<r 0,'iakuw, Bud yet ttia pn>H)n^ of ti" 
aJniuat '•* remote aa un the nnt day of Ilia licge. 



I pn>H)n^ of takiii): it ai<t>"at«<I 



nrdarad on the 17ih of Deoomber a f{e"<Tal bombard >ii''iit nnd nui- 
Douadu nf tlin plaea with red-hut balla, One ef thiuie lupkiiy fdl 
upon the grand powder migasiiio, whlah bluw up with a lerrible 
eKptnaiDn, ■lemKliahlng a Mualdenbl* oxlcnl of tlie wall of (he 
foitrete. Tho RnaiJnnt wore ImmodUlely ordered (o tlin imult. 
The Turk* defendod both tbe breuch and Iha ati'cvla with tbn nuaa 
deip«9«Ie Talatir, end tho brave Aga who Ud than 
otTan of qoarter, and ma of neocaally out lo piM 



j-jriyil 




I ; mil OOno Tilrlu u 



dintll 



ID, Will ■» LiDU. 

(inrat Moi[ul, Sliah Alum II., Iixl brpn a pcnmincr on tho 

t>rNujnif Kliiin,tilltbail»i)ii>rilil*Vlal«rln I7S3, alien tho 

-•■ of ilm Kniiwrar niiei] a)(niml lilni ki uiini ilio nabobn of 

ii'l iha pruvlnanN, and dvil war raKwl trim hub eud of 

III lu tlia oiher, In Ili« midit of lli«« cummudonB llii 

' ..fipmuvd and aweiii all bafarc thom, till thoy In itislr lum 

ii' to rlrld to tliH Hajiiunw. A few ymni Ittar, Qlwelftn 

liohllla dilefulii, nlio had auecwdixl hla fkitMr a* Aint - 

)i. rotcllnd aiiiJnat Ilia iiiilia|i|iy iinvorvlj>ii, and l>tl>iiiu 

.1 eIii dlntractud aiatu ul ii<ii<li<- .ilf.m ', ir. ' 1 1 li< '! u l<.< nli 

'III' hrad of an anny nHi :. 

' . L^iirrtiinn wliiRliSt^iiiiiMli I . ^ . : . . ' . 



y auininoiiinn tlio oity, ho rmolvi'il 1 '■■ 

in Ihli ha WHii piirruody ■urouniiiiii . I'N 

> Mm liHitdi, and wna nxpnud to ovii'; ■ ■ ■ ■ I'l 

I, in ui'dvr that hln triia>uiva mi^iii .h-.- i>.-i. 1 mnl 

I. Il van durlnit tl>I> t>vrln4 (hat nii»[ or elm timrlik 
' iLiid fills old curved wurk of the [ulaou won dMUollaliad i 
•■ vr«kiiivBry*|iDol*a nf torture waa an|ill*d to tha nnltappy 
IIIh ulillilnin wsru tnkan up and daitliud nii th« aKiRM 
• ii^'i*, mill at iMt hu liiiiiMlr waa oavt i>ii tli« grnund and 
■tHlilHiil out with a il>Kg«r 111 ITHti At tlia bihI nf aamw 
IH M'lliruitiu rBtunii>d, and i>iini|iiiU«d Ihn Amner again m 
tlm nnjiiuil, wlio fndwvound tu nwli« lil* way Iniu Iiia uwti 
liHl »■■ lnur«*pt«d and dvivun witliiti tlio watia at Mliirta. 
oinuCully willmtood uii aiuuitdli bin in oiidvavauciiijc to 

ji hnrw Ohiiulilin waa ovurMlKni niid 1it«ritlly li*w»d to 

b blind Bmunfur wua Ihuu auiniually rMtomd, and vun* 

M thrana illl IM3. 





Oreai diuontont provailrd nt CoiiatitilJiiopIo 
ioH nf L'lioeiliii antt Ocxkhaw. Bnidn Uid ■[ko^Ui 
thanMndi of ilieir vourui ind b»l iivopt, liiDluding Ihfir bmiiM 
>nil molt adxuturoui oMpara, «bn eoulil unt be rcpUcrd m ttmiWy 
In th* Turklih orinln, tho RuhhIbiib wuro now In tl» hmirt of th* 
Ullvmftti limn In lain, both on iho ilila of llii Illuk 8m ruid In thvlc 
Dfttiiibittii rrltielpallilM. All tin lilunc wu laid upon lb* unfuita- 
nNtn Crand Vixivr. Tha Saltan wu >lmn«t hk un); IHond, and 
uprlaliil)' tbu niiljr jianun wlin antvrUitncd a dua aciuHi wt hi* n 
alillitloK, aiid unrvicna. Tbl* nxctllmt Mvarrtni huw**iir «■> I. 
Ill ■iiddrnly, and, nutwiihutandloK all tbu aliTor nadlclnv, npiMd 
un tha 7>b uf April, uut wiUiout aniiilotun of polmii. U* i 
auceecdf"! b}' Ilia nt-jiliew, Srlini IK., wliuiu ballad earvIUUjr bi__ 
up and vdupatHd, to Ibe imjudk'o at Ida own iaaua, in plmw Mm- 
fnrmlty lo Iba lant rvijucal uf bi* dying brotbur and pradtctHort 
but tbu man aimn ah'iwcd tdinaslf aiiwurtb)' uT all Ibla eaia. Th« 
great w«altli at tbo Qraur] Viaivr, and bli ui)|iapulBrltj', palnlrd him 
oat a* Uii Hnl vkllm to tbaavnHni aiid rnpiclrv of iho ni'w a>iv>Ml|pi*a 
abanMlar t and mitwllhitandinu bin emiiicjit iililitin and tba pnaa- 
Ing ntwl of Ihain at Ibii dwigcroua Juntrdirc, Juaaur Taoha waa 
aclwd at Ills liuad of Iba Rrniicl amiy u lluatiliuk and oonvryvd tn 
ConaUntlnopIo, wliar* ba waa aeotcnmd Id tbo coiiflHruiinn uf nil 
111* waattb, and In banlahmcnt. On bla way to lbs plai-u nf «illi, 
bowtvar, ba WW inurdirrvd, and bli huid convsyad tn C"[i-ilAiitliiu|ili>| 
wharw ll waa aat up on tbo »(•■ of tba arragllu. Tb« I'auba of 
Widdtn wna appuliitpd (IranU VIxlor liiimedlatolj'i anil aniit uff lu tba 
Biimniaiid uf Mi« army. 

3. Pnounua or tob Win on tin ami: nv tbk lunmitt-irr*— Tm 
TuHKa nnaiTKD inn tokih Cihi- aruimat) nn tiix SKamt. 

Upon tba axplratlon of tba armlatlna, tbo war mniiiinianoad 
bMWMQ Iba Turki aiid AuairUna nlniiit tlia fniiitlnhi uf I'nn- 
aylvanla, and ini iba bniiki ot lb* Uaiiubn, wbilat tbv Knaalana 

aetvd iMii'ily III I'liT 11 oiili tbiiH and partly alngly, and puabad 

tlivir " ' ,1 'I'lrr, ailvandiiK upon tb« onamj'in all 

tbf< {'! <ii«d iriuinpb and raiiy victory. Tba 



fl789.] 



VIGTOBIEB 0TB B 1 



S TURKS. 



37 



r. nliwd a ennBiiiernble viutorv oyer oiie nrm)' of Turks on the livor 
f SbIwUi in Moldavia, wbere tlie I'Hctta cnuimwided, nnd > number or 
lade uriBunerB, and man)' killed and drowogd in tlio 
■ Viv«^ Oa tliB lit at May tha Turkish cnmp waa Btormed, Btid about 
11600 Tarda killed ; uid ilie ouup vitli ita aiiillcry, nuguineB, &c., 
■ prsj' to the viclora. 

3. MlBSIUL LoUIKItf T.IKES GlUDlSU. 

aoppoBilo eud of the line Manlial Loudon, with tlie AuMrikn 
, n Croatia, waa utaking pnpsratli)ii fur tho aioge of Turkish 
r SnilUva, wliiuh had eu iiiuiifully and repeatedly wUlistood all 
I Mtenipta hi reduce it in tho prerioua year. Having brouKht forward 
' a gmti force uf artillery, both baltciing guna and morlan, he 
ooiDtneiicvd opBrntiona, without breaking ground, witbamnat vigoroua 
bomhardment, Ihla, whloli waa duue Is diapirit tli» i^arriaon, had 
' an ctbrt whiob the Marshal had no reaaon to exjiect. On the 
i; uf the Bseond day's bomb art! meat, June 30th, the Turks 
~4t]iii fartraaa, marching olT on llis aide toKarda the nioiin- 

Sand baiigage, and in giKHl order, 'I'liey were not inter- 
le ciuiquerDra Ueiug well eiioU)^ aitlailed with this cheap 
Indeed, the Busnlac |]oputation on tbts eide, being Muhhu- 
w by no inenna a Btife |iefl|ilB to venture amongst, tor they 
Iwd diapUywl acila nf Ihe ninst iutpenie and terociouB valour in the 
Bni«II fn'ttliar war whieb llad heuu bU along going ua in defenee of 
■heir liiimea and property. Aa aaon, tliere^)!^, aa Loudon found 
liimw-lf in eecuru poaaeBatuii of GradiHca, be immediately i 
will) tliB utmoat aaslduity hia prepumlions for the siege of 




CoUOfti) *T PoHHltAfl 



. M*n 



xkipr wae eneamppd near FokBhani in Wallaohlk 
.OOOmen, and here on the Slat of July the Pria«e 
rnrruw, with n much inftiFior fores, attiioke^ lilm in 
B eaiwrnlly fortlliod. They gained a most oompleta 
oners ilie SerasklDr and a number of hi* piiad| 
. witli ahovD GIHM> men, ond the wholei 
ruined. The artlUerv and spoils of the camn. 
iu iha town, rniMid Into the tiamta uf Ih* vie. .... 
I tito aleb bed (n Vienna, and all (he inlinbiunW, welw s^fKad witk'i 
iwof Joy at the arrival of t1i« iniphiue uf tbie battle. It wai:~ 
t'lMury uf any inonieot whieb Ihs Iniporialiata had gained. 

|> Oaainal KaniHUskni, enmnlnndiniE thn Rimajan fii 

id a gurimn of Turk* iu Itender all llirouith llie wli 



itinn 1 



r 'I'lirkiith cavnli'' 



_ w WB« aocionliiigly rcdua 
* knd of 7000 or aouo »p 
~ t relief to the navrison. |Tlii 

naod uf • detiuhiuciii went nut to intercept this ounvo, , 

■ ap wiUt it neftr Cauilian, where, though loferlor iu toroo, '] 



•"ll'IS— 
a SeraekltSJI 
■y, wan 



B1.TTLB (lAlKED DV rUTEMKIIT. [A.D. 



The Grutid ViKisr hid mnTeil tnrwwrd m-niM the Dnnnbe, and 
ftd*>no>d into Wxllaohia at thv head of IW.OOO i.r lOll.OUO men. Tha 
mmhincd ttimen nf AuHlria nnd Hiitiiia, under ihe ennnniuid of tha 
Prince of Coburg vid Genernl Suwimiw, onme up with them nl 
lUmnlk, nctr Martlnjpeti, nnd nn th- Knd of S''pteiubrr Kaiaed wiib 
Dili* dlffianlty, anil wiili scarHly any Ii>«b. oiie «! ths mnatnitnial and 
•«t«ordinary »iei«ric» at moclem tiniM. Ii was a bold and hardy 
Hep toaiuek siieb number* with a fnrpd tbnt did not earned 30000 
roan, but U waa done viih inch otlBW tliat Iba whola Turkish fbret 
wn^ TDutrd, dinpenwd, and |iumi«d with imrnnnw daughter, Fiva 
ibonaand Turk* were killed in the battle. andSOOO in th* purraU ; f*<r 
or DO jiriaoner^were maile ; and the wlinlv camp ■■ it alimd baeaoM 
the pnperly nf the riclora, together witb the (irand Viiior's tent and 
Hiuipage, 300 CBinelB, 400 iiieu,B0Oa lents, 100 alandardf.aiid nearly 
100 raiinon, with ammiiiutinii, Hbires, and Li|t)cage. The lua of the 
vict(>n did n.it exceed 100 mi-n killed and woundrd. The Onuid 
Viiier bad the ill fi^rtiiue to eacape, and shortly after piud foe liia 
in<mm|>e(«iiay wilh liia li«ad. Soch waa liia arroiiuice and fiilly, that 
(in taking the O'lmmnnd of the army, he bul caimed an immeoaa 
i|ttanlit]' of iron ehnina to be made, with wliich to nunaole tha 
iegiona of Anslriu and Raaaia, whom he expected to Ivad cnptiva 
throngh the elty of ConBlnntiiinple. Tlie frinee of Cobnrf waa 
nUsad by thew ennHeeutivs victoriea to a hijih pinnacle of mili- 
tary rennwn lu tlie Emtnre. The Emperor pmmoted him imnie- 
ditKly to the rank iif Kield-Marahal, and tlie Ciarina gare him a 
box ornaiuentrd with diamwida nf immetiie value. 



6. LOUMN TAKES BkLQRADI. 

On the I3lh of September Loudnii'a army waa oiieamped on th« 
heijtlilH of Uerliua near Bel^ade, and the trrnclm werq speedilj' 
npaned and hatleriei eoniitni<-Ied BKBinat bnlh ibe Upppr and tioKet 
Town. The fata] defeat at Marti njctti, and the general mlBfortunai 
which at tln'a time attended the UttoniaiH every wliei-e, dnnbiloat 
had a dapreaainx rtlnet nn the apirlt •<{ the beaiegcd. A tei-ribto can- 
nonade and bnmbardment fiirmed a prelude to the aanaiill which waa 
made on the 30th, when all the auburba nnd nuiworkt nf the place wera 
carried awurd in hnnd ; nnd nn the Sth of OctDher, the Auatrian* 
having advanced their linltarles within IfiO yardH, and nearly tilled 
the dilch with faaoini-g, Usnian PachH, ihe (innrmcir, reijnealed an 
annialice for natuen daya. 'I'hia waa of course refuned. and ha waa 
ohiigad to aubmit to iieceatdly and capitnlste. About 3410 pisoeo of 
artillery and an imtnenae qmmtity of atores and ammunition ware 
found in tha place. 

6. IUttui Of Bender oained by Potkhkin oikr the Ti-rks. 



.Willi nnwBCM niK awsuM ak» miwuns. 

qatltvd tliv mnmiMnl of l)w Lllaak !^ Hmi, anil uud*r- 

II H'HA - 



JV natltvd 

K iho TUfliiati wiiif III H' H«nl>i». II* mil lU* UumIui 

fer ruU>i»liln mhI Itvi'iiUi >i T<ii»il.. > 



a uii-lar 111*!! 
Aftw » linnl< 



; iMillhvl.. 

I ihu gt\--\<-v i'..ii, if ii"i iill, 
' nue lit IIi'ihIvt, wlilvll wM ai 



At dii> "Uu-f .>( tliH lull jru-, >i UiH VKi-jr •uimuii of lili rnrtiitif, 
Aiiii.ivhl i;i'. IV. Liiiil •ll'd, Kiiil iito«4viHl ft imiahuiM runumi Itum lit* 
sinirdil iilIii) I •Muiitrv, nuil tlla IVliica iif Nhimu WM naw wllti* 

iIri,«M I'o.m tll.> lllnKk 8ll|l, null MI|l»lntlHl til ihi> EiiinuiHUd ■>( lh« 




40 BLOODSHED a TQK TtETHEBLAADB. [a.D. 

tbein an immediikle Hupenoriiy. Tills iliey iinw malnuinod Ihroagli 
the whole eampAign ; knd a» Ary were lliua ennlileJ to keep ihe *nt, 
tliey apread terror along the whole Swedinh e-mnU, m (h*( the elly 
at Sluekholm iMeltwu not a lillle atimied under (lie fLpprehennon at 
a dcMtent upon il. 

On (lie 35tli of AugDHl, having been joined hy a fleet af galley*, 
the S*ediiili navy made a gallant attempt near IlugenBalni lo icenTiv 
■"" "" is battle IB MMci to have been fouRht ■" 



oity aud bluaditbed anequnlled in iDodern warhre: the men in tba 

galleya fought hand to hand with every inxtramenl of desmietion 

which chance rir rago presented. Galleya were «een dinnaniled unl 

nnkiiic, the deeka atn-wn with dead and djiiig, while the eannaa 

boomed over the ciimbalanlii and added leimr to the cnntent. Hm 

Ruwaian tleei, under the Prince of Nniuu and Ailniiral Knin, nam- 

bered seventy vessels, while the Swedinh, undT Ehrenaward, Flcvl- 

[Kid, aud Rntenateln, numbered no more than fcirty, m that mi valour 

luld compensate this iiie4ualiry, and theSwedea were accordingly ts 

e end wonted. Several veHacla were aunk, blown up, nr driven on 

emeka i and Ilia Swedish Blajnr, Hagenheraun, tliiding it irapMnlbla 

aave his ship frorn being buarded, btaw himself tip along with H. 

On land aome actions of no great moment had taken place; 

le of the must remarliabte waa the defeat given tu the Ruaaiaa 

General, De Schulx, by the Swedish General, Boron de Stedimk, in 

' * !h some 600 Ruaaiana were either killed or wounded, and their 

B, baggage, tenU, and artilliry taken, Tlie Kin; now entered tlie 

Rnsaian terpiiury, and took the furtilled seaport called Hiigbm, 

which he ihoughi might serve him as a place of arms, both by •«• 

and land ; but the misadven lure chat had happened to his Heel oblind 

him aucnt to retivat out nf Rusaian Finland, and to recroaa ihe Hver 

K^mnne, which lie did suBaeearuIly, oorend by the rearguard aaia 

GeDeral Kauthan. Hia flne army had suHered most aeverety, hi* 

. I j^ ^j jjg jii^j nothing bnt gloom and diaeoo- 

ime. The RiuMana, however, were not In 
im, and earlier tlian ueual both annie* went 
4}Dstarua returning to his capital. 

8. Bloomukd in Tnt NsTHEBLjiNiie — Tas EHruDtt'i AtnitDRm 



The mistaken policy of the Erapernr Joeeph, miwisriy active arsvy 
where al the same moment, had Ly this time driven the inhabiMnta 
of the Low Countries into open mvoll against hi>> anthnrily ; and in 
a brief *]i»ce of time nearly all the nobility, gentry, and der^i 
irritated by the tyranny of the civil Governor, Connt Trantmnsa- 
dorlT, ujifuly denlared against lh« Kmperur, who was to dooupml by 
the war on the Uanulie, and wi impuveriiJiad by it, lliat lie enold lut 
spare 1000 men lu support his eauii*, whilst he himself was pnietnUe 
un a bed of aieknesa. The Nalherlandgt* lenernted the eonatito* 
lion under which they had bceti long governed, a ai>rt 

a obtained. Ilw 



.] THR RHPGBOb'b AUTBOniTY OYEBTRKDWK. 41 



nddn 

MM*. 



'Emperor I; Iwo odlcta awnpt awny cliig nricleiit ciinHlitutiim of the 

HMe, and BupiireMcd nil tlii> reliKinus orders ciftlie Church with a view 

Of enDHiieiiliug thnir revi^iiueit. All rankn, KCCQriluii!!y, were tiirued 

MP^UH lllm, and there were ■eriouB revults no the I3ch uiil SHth nf 

JhW M Tirlemont and LouTaiu, and hlaud flowed there, u well as 

■1 MB)in« and Antwerp. The Duke d'Alirembere, the Arohhishup 

* Malin'v, and many members of the suppreaaeu Gnnd Council 

Med at Bredii, and on the 1 4th of September eoDBtituted and de- 

_. . - IhemMlveB tj bathe legal aaBeinbly of the United Bel^c Stntea. 

ftnr wmIib after aoms militia and vulunteera were enrolled and aa- 

mbM utidffT their own offleei'a, and tuwurda the end of Uciober (he 

!at Mta of npoD hii«Ulity toeli pUoe : • body of innurgeatu eiirpriaed 

* hMk with little diffieulty the furla of Lillo and Llefkeuahaecli, 

dron oat tho Emgtenir'a RarriaonB. Here, beaidea the military 

■a, thay aeiaed a eonaiderable aum of public money, as alio a 

rini* whleh bad been aUttinned to maintain the freedom uf the 

khaldl in the former year. Geneml d'Alton, upon the fiml intel- 

ikgMiM of thia invasi immediately diapatehed General Cuunt 

fit^roMler at the bead of 4000 InipermI trooug, ou whose advuice 

** 'iwaricent* reliixgiiialied the two foru, sua retired to (ho email 

of Tunihoul. Hare tliey were pumued by the troops, who 

up with Ihemjiitt aa they entered within the giMtB on tlie 97th 

itobtfr. The Imperialiat troopa immediately forced the guiea, 

good their entrance inl« the town, and arrived in good order 

I market-pUce i but an unexpected lurne followed : a traiiien- 

An of imall artna was opened upon them fi'om the ruol's and 

of the RUrrouudlng huuaea, whilst a roar of artillery saluted 

■ intD different ojienlliBB. In thia daiigeroua pi»iitioa General 

IKBdar Mhlblted i^reat peraonnl ennrn^e, and no Icsa presenee of 

Hi Two hm-aes were eliot under him ; bnt all his efforta were 

. i^MS In endeavouring to reHtoi'c order among his troaps, or to 

kndn ibarn wiili suHieient oonatancy to endure tills galling Are la 

Whnil they were eiposnd ; tliey fell iutu iiTemediable confusion, 

id made a m'wt ilisonlerly rutreM o-it of llie town by the gate at 

llieh they had entered, leaving 7M) men and two piecei of cannon 

iMad them. 

Tba EnperoF was indiKnant at some nf his best troops having 
^JU> Imk defnlted by a rabble, and reealled General Solirceder ia 
Uft^a: General Donder wne then sent from Luxemburg to auiu 
^ «1 d' Alton in allsyliiff tha inenrreclion. The aucoeBi at Turn- 
bowavar, was llio signal lor a general organlMtion of a pa- 



b«t, be 
HuUoat 



an* furmidabla. On hear<U|{, about the middle of November, 
lb* palrii'ls went making head at Tirlemont, General d'Alton 
MdOvn-'ial Bender agalnat them. Bemler, not faaviog tlie example 
f SollKvdar bi'Core his efiwi (nreed hia way into Ihe plaoe aword in 
tnrf. whim the inhahitaula roused themaolTea and played the game 
W TarDhont iirer ajcain. The Austrtaiia were thoruuKlily defeated, 
■od driran out of the plaoe witli gittat shame and grief. The iuaa of 



12 BLOODSBES in TBE KETHERUkKDS. IjlD, 

_ s in (liis pllry nflair wu taiA to amount to 1300 uf tx>th MMa, 
KDit all Kgea and conditiona. GencrBl Bender availed himielf of 
niglitfatl la march ofT, and in the dark enci^iuitered lieoeral d' Allan 
marching with a strung detaohinml to liis auulance. Each piltjr 
miauiking ita oppneite fur an enemy flred, and in the enecnmter ae 
ral liundi^da were killed beTDTB the error was discnvercd. Wit 
a few days (be Brabaiit patriate having deFeaied the AuHlrian d^ 
taahment under General d'Arber); in ilie npen field aiimewhere m 
AloBt, thejr were driven across the Svlieldt afier a bloody actk 
and the; would have been enUrdy cut off but for the noble tO_. 
made by the Tegimenl of Beuder. In thia eneounier a Prinoe of 
' Wt'Oeauu fell. The patrinta aaw f^ poBseHioa of Ostend, 
Iges, Louvain, and lonie other cimsidemble places withniit a 
MDUSt ; and early in the nioriiing of November the 13th about 7W 
of Ihem rowuhed with unparalleled biilducse and audacity lo att~~'~ 
the city of Ghent, which contained in ita tnwn and ciladal a garri 
of SOOi) or 4000 tronpa. This tmly marched np to the Bnigsa gi 
which, aflei Bome coofliot, they fureed. A baUle enaaed io tb> 
BtreeW, which cnntinued for aome hours, until at length the patriot* 
drove the Austrian tmope into their hnrrackg and into the eitad * 

Thus separated, the barrncks were regularly iMaieGcd fniin I 

Friday to the following Mnndaji, when Colonel Lunden, >vho wb^ 
minded, hung out a white flag, and 500 BuEdi^a gave up tbeir un* 
and Burrendered Cliemavlvea priniinerB of war, DuruiiC tlie whohitf 
thia atlBcb upon the luurackg no attempt wna made tram the dtaJal 
to relieve the beaiejtvd, but it vm wholly oocupied in bumbai'ding iba 
town with a view of setting it on &re: of couise this ei-vated gt«M 
deatmotinn of property, allhnn{;h it did not arrive at a K^uersl 
eonflagration, and the inhalulanu were kept is a rsarTuI aliilii vT 
terror and confaidan. But the garrisun of the citadel, who did DOt 
da» Io venture forth to the relief of their dintreaaed iwninufca IB 
the barraelis, made frequent ullirs by night inUi the strecia, irbM* 
oveiy kind of enormily and rhe most horrid oriuiee were perpetratal 
on the poor inhabilsiita without mtrey. The patriota obliged CuImmI 
Lmdm (0 write an order la ilie conimaudant to nirrender imnM- 
diately, which of couiWi he refuwd to obey; but in a few dayn ho 
availed himaelf of the dead of the night to evacuate the citadel, 
and marched away bag and baggage, leaving (he fortrees, giina, and 
ammiuiidon Io the patnota. 

Theae rapid and brilliant meecuee of the pntnota were m astound- 
ing to General d'Allon, that, de|<reiiaed and diatreased, he ahuC h' ~ 
aelf up in Bruia.-la with WOO ar UOOO men. The example of ol 
towns WW net likely to be ln»t upon (he capital city. On the Sib of 
Deeamber. ahnut four n'olnek hi the aftenHxni, a select number of 
the biHvtet eititeii* attaeki-d and aeiied the anldiera who guarded 
thi Mint and other detaehed bui Idinn, eueeeeding in their eutorpda* 
vriOiout diSleulty. Genera] d'Alti<n llien propMed an »miiBiiM,«M«h 
endni«d for several huure. during ili« real of the day and the idghl. 
In the coune of which lime a iebri>t«c«neat of KOO mMi with ttto 
pieeea of cannon arrived to lh« Auautana. D'Alion, thereftire, on 



1700] TUl eutbbob's acthokitt 

I ur lliv ftmiUtiop, brm^ii nil nttwli hy 



4S 



dataeliinxiit Cu rvlaXH tlin olHeeivniiil polilipn hIhi hut! nl 111* Hnt 
Ix-UD ni*ili |irlwinank 1'bii vltliicni woiv «nnii rouiod, and turiauiilj' 
■lUukvi) till* dutMhrocnt, who wer« routvd, Miil drlvrti Into Ihti 
nmrlivi-iilMa. llvni tlic wuitllsl wm ruiirwad on ft mora connldfr- 
iIjLb trxiv, until (lia palrlota mM)(? thrmwlvm hiubIpbi fit lh« eorjii 






mill t> 



■I wliiid llir 



run 1. Tlimylli 

liiiilid 3000 Ktaiiii »i iiiiiKKiKx, 11 'iiLii 

IWr onn. Onwril d'Altim - - ■ 'li 

Rcyiil Si|ll»r«, wliim lin iiimti'il ii<v »<!« 

eiumnn with lilm. Uora i)h'V vi-ii'k ilii'i..ii-i\ mriii'l 

inpiiktinn on rvory aid* nWil iii-ini. Tiia unurHici- n 

ilia I'airlDta lisd navr beonma m liToitiMililfl tlmt imi 

wlthntniid Uiolr lUinck, and U'Altini, wlili nU lila Unix 

II luiil kinirirliiil Tulinir, wu i<iM«|H<lliid in Liidnrc 

WJtia «r Niklnii for ivmw, and wltliln Kn hour mnr 

I wllh mil ih» Inioii* hv Imd l<-ft, ItirouBh Ihs gnl* ImiIIhu 

\ ImHrif DMrl.v fltMM prUnura haliind him iii tha In 

BI*. U'Ailnii Diid Truulniaiiwliirn', wltli Iha rnniiilm 
td Md dlKKnUNHl lr<Ki|»>, then qnlltod (lis iihiiiii'; 
Hrinn la Litn o'ld LiiXMnlwri ; md nn l<i« 1ni>[ ila^ 
I StitH uf Bratnuil ■Kn'rd wieli tlnw nf t'liindirni 10 



■ ■-•fllh "f Ni.v 






il ili-cliriiiE ilia 



it 111* 



r BtiL'iiitrie^ieB.— 4, i 

T KlIINltixnMil,— 



* a»iui> navil viewnT ov«» ti 



PBAGB DETWEEK TUitKET AND RUB31A. [jk.D, 




1. Dkith of tub EurKSOR Jotxra, 
Oh Uik 7tb uf Februiry tlie Kinperor Juseph wu infonnsil by his 
pliyaieiHDB tbnt liiH diaeue admitted of uo cure, wid on the Wlb hi 
eKpirml. Ho called hii [rwoila BiMund liim. and uid to ilie PrinM 
4ii LiKns, whn WHB • natWe of tha NcthnrUnd*, " Yuw cuauuy hM 
killsd m* : lilivnt Mkeu bj> ibe iiwnrfieiiU lina bwn ntv Mguny. Bra** 
■vIb, ftbaDdoncd by my troops, my dantb." To Mamhkl L*oy ha attU, 



miy thing 1 regret ou leavliiK Chli world u* my few fWniil*. 

a vou are certainly thii f)r«t." He tunk Ieftv« uf Mualui 

LoudoD ftiiui ill tlie moot afftwiimiate teniis a few houm befu 



til, and, )ireiHiiig liiH haud vritli ail ila remaining fervour, liild hin 
" ' 'in bim for the defeuce aud ppeiervatioii nf liii dumi- 

lis ■ucceuar, Len-puld, aHumeil tha auvarrigiity, hU 
free himself fruiii Ibe TurkiKb war, fur be ww Iha 
(lilBoultMW in which he was on all aides involved. 
3. Thb Cahpiiom oh tue Oinlue ope.vb nt thi BuiCKaDR ud 
CinUftE OP New Okso«». 
The sampaisti nii the Danube bad olraady oijened unuHually nrijr 
b]t nwumhig tliaairga of New Omuva, which luul been eiMumaiom 
b«foM the coucluHoti of tbs lant ycar'a camiiai^n. The Auurian 
winy had, liidaad.claMlrbliwkadad ilie plMe during (hawliulawioHr 
under the sumiiiBDd of (he Pring* of Saxo-Cuburft. Bui on tbi 
Itith d( April a alight ahoek uf au carthquako bap|wnrd lu lake iiImbi 
and ihc gamum, hslieviug thai tlia muvonicat of the eurili ueluw 
them )iruuireded frutn the uiidertniu'tng of tlie fnrirvaa, and thai ihej 
were on ihe pninl of being blow ii up, wire aeiied with n panli^ H 
that tiisy iiialaully aliandniied ili« piano, with a prodigiuua uTiUlafy, 
Mid a large aupi^ly of alorea and «nn munition. 

9. T»R TURKl DKTItikt QHNKHAI. TliUUI HUH OlORUkVU — PulBI 
COKCI.UIIBO nBIWKUI AOSIRIA AND TvnjiKV AT lUlCHKNIIACn. 

The nasi nhjset uf the cauipatgn was the double aiegn nf WUMl 
tad Ulurcevu, buL while autna ndvanlagt* liad been obtained hi a 
oenllloi uvar the former plaoa, uid ounaiilctalile advance mail* tn 
the awga of Ilia kller, tin gianlHu diapoailiiinauf Ibu Kmg.i i^,r had 
■Irea4y beeume known, and Ilie I'riuoe of Culnit^, xoi:! 
tHWWiiaian of Giurgevo befora an •nniatioa ouuld bi' <>: 
diapaHbad General Thum to atop the uiarcli uf a 1 - 
Uvupi wbu ware advaiioing tuiu relief, Thum, eoT>li<i< 
after the late exparlence lie had bad of the Oitoumii 1> 
wall fur the attach at the cnoniy, but uaMhed furwai'd 



^ 



1790.] MILITARY CHiRAOTBB OF OEHEItAL LOUDON'. 43 



.. Ud all Wfure tlioni- Th« gtllint Gpiwrftl Thur. 

Wrrted bimu'lf lo ila all thnt knowUilgv or iwurftge onuld dictnW, 
tat in ibe oonlliat bin lieod wu oairiedoff by thebluwcifftJBiiiniry'B 
fkbn, knd aftcrwinto exliibiced with iriiiinpb throusb lbs T»iik» 
-' tha Turkiib army. The AuilrUna left 700 dead on Ihe Aeld, aud 
N wDunded. The Prince of Cubur); utmndaned bU trencbes uid 
wwb, Mgellirr wilb eiftUteeii fieete nf bKtt«riiif[ knitltvy, and Oiur- 

ST« wsH girvMrved to ihe Grand Seienior. This whs tbe lust HClioa 
lbs war belneen the AuMrians aiid Uttomana, Tor im tha 27th ciF 
Julr a sunvention wna cnncliided at Reichenbach in Silesia, upon (he 
'^«il tif lite ilatiu quo, and tiie renuncistioD of tlie alliance witb Riuaia. 

4, DKITS and MlLITlHT CuiItACTEBi OF MlBSHAL LOdDON. 



P 



0Md» 
aleat 



A lew daj's preiiouB to Ihia Ihr Tcnerable Moi'iibal Loudon expired 
M)l!abt»d-i(iiBrteraiDHiinivia. iufaiB7atli^ear. He woa unduubledl; 
' lia time of big drnlli the tlrst ueurral iu Eurupe, and he was ex- 
ling))' lamrnted, na wrll Tor hia jiri>at« virtuce w for hia tniliiory 
. Nta and great publio aervicea. He closed a lung life, cuvcrcd with 
irU and glory, in Ihe midst of hia ealdiers and comradea. He 
._s bom in Livonia, of a fbmily of Scotch origin, and enured the 
;iM«Jan army a* a ondet, making bia liraC tuai (Parvut under the 
dcbraled Manbnl MUnnich. DiagUBted with the Ruarian aerviee ha 
'vbbed lir tntPT tbat of PruHia, bat ibe King would have aolbiur to 
M with bin), aaying, " La Hgure de ce jeune homme ub me revJent 
"la then entered the Austrian service aa a CapMio of 
He noa wounded at Saverne in nil, the only time during 
ia long period of active aerviee ibat he wna touched. He was after- 
~~ ' iVBii tlic camtOBRd of u regiment of Croats, in which ha com- 
the Seven Yeara' War in ttie arm}' uf Bohemia, and soon ob- 
the repulsion of being oneoF tliemoeteHectivepartiBanaDf the 
Hia suucesses ogainat the eueniy in I?')? obtained for 
ivfly tlia ranlts of Cutonel and Major-Geucral ; and hia 
■iwTiuur ft Domstadt, whicii cunstratned Ibe King of Frusaia to 
■JK the siege of Glmutx, gained hitn tlia rank of Lieulenanl-GrnentL 
la this oapoeity, at the hrad of the advanced euard, he wa« mainly 
Bitnim«ti(»l in the nchiovemant of Maralinl Daun's victory at Hoch- 
Llrk, in IJiO i at the end of this campaign he rMcivcd fWnn the 
EmpMH (iaeen tbo «roaa of Maria Therrsa, and tlie palant nf a 
Buim iif the Kniplro. The tullewing year he cnmrnanded in chief 
d'onnte, and gained ai-ainal the King in peraoii the viulory 
-^ -* In I7«" iiB was -vict-rioua at Liuidahut, but s 
batter fortune of T'ri'derlik at Liegnitx. In I'. 
^^^ the army of Silcniai, tW.OOO strung, and after mauy 
Buh^olabed enouunten got jK)Me>it>ii>n at Iha fortrvM of ScliweddniUi, 
ktMl ubUlM-d fur him ll>e greutuat cmwideration. 
' 1 was natiirvlly of a grave, melancholy, and even 



tiowl; 



i: etianiclor, tpesking Msldom, hat BlmjiB to Ibe fi 
piOf, cum never nf himseir or of his "Wn dec-la — iodesd not « 
uD an; niiliUry HiLjt-et ; but, thougli in genurit be wu tambn i 
old, he could be rouced and arrial a-ky b; contradiction. 1 
great Fre'lerich uid of him, that while be could play wiib 
nwvenienta of other geni^nla, he alwsj'a dreaded ■ balttr ■ 
Louduii. It u rclalcd tliat being in ailendanoe on tlie Empcmr 
Juaeph II. at hii intenriew wil]i tlie Kine, bia Pmuian Majairtv, 
who uliuoed him ibe grmUM altenlions, uw him take bia placa at 
tbe table beluw hbdeBerta. "Cnna up bere,"aaid Frederick to hiM] 
"1 wiinld alwaya rather have ynu on my aide dtan oppoaed bt nuk" 
At the o|Knine of (lie Bavunan Saeeeni'm War, l»udiii waa ^ntiflvd 
witli the nujli ul Field- Mur«)>al of the Enrpire, and fivca Ifc* 
command of tlie army of Sileaia, bat the pea« nf Teaehaa aaon 
raelared him lu tlin quiet viij-iynHBt of the eiiUte which Itotft 
Thrruw had given him in Bohtinia. The Turkish wur in 17BS aa ' 
called him into Hrviec. Tlie aiege of Belgrade in i7l» <raa, M I 
been related, Doder the conduct irf iliia cvli^brated cuDimau'I'r. I 
orderrd (lie firat parallel tii be n|H!ni'd at tlie rfiMance of fifty toa 
from the tlacia, dindaiaing the docErinii of (he achoula which p 
■dibad 3M. He said lo tile giynerola aroond hhn, " My Mn 
we moHt nut flinch from thn near appr>Beli : let na all prcparv fa* 
nicltiry or death, and euoaidcr that none of db wen bcim but U> die." 
Wilfa tliia view he biinaelf ar.lend the fiJluwing epitaph, xhieh it 
ttSl orer bia grave at Haivnioet, ** Commcuioratiu mortia npti 
phlloaophia." 

S. WaR BBtWKltM RVUU AND SwEDEJI — ThE Rciail.ia BEFDUU 

<T KiBmKuaKi. 
TIhi Emprcaa CalbuTiBe. tliutigh deprived of ber Analriaa aUy, 
refuwit to take pan in the paeifi« nci^ialioas at Rcicbeabacfa, bm 
earriiil on ihu war aeainat the Turku on the one side, and tbe Swa * 
on the otiier. GuHtaTiu, wboae e*iT-acIivs mind aeemed nem .. 
need repose, lued nery possible exertion to Rtrieve the forfDne of 
iba war by the mosi cSeclivc ]nv|»r*tionB for tbe en«ung cam- 
paign. PomriiiB hia plau of bumiliating the noblea of his kingilam. 
ami ingratialjajc hiiiiaelf with tlie oiber claaaea, tbe noble oflkcn «l 
hia army tontinied a^ioM him. Thoy even retused lo wrre undtf 
hia uWD gallant brother in the Beet, for, from auioe caiu* or olhar, 
they had listened to erit eomtaeU, and tomed agunM their anvanip 
ht the hnor of his need. He, thercfure, turned lo the odibiboiw ta 
aaiat him, and iasned a deetaration that all order* of ike auie had 
an equal right to arrve th^ ouuntry in any nitaaUoD* fur which thfy 
wen (|ualH(t<d, and he attheaamDtime drew tbe clergy lo hi* aida I7 
admitting then u a share io pnblic aflairn. Thia policy anawerad hfa 
ptupoae. The i^latca granted the King saheidiea, andimpnsed htm*J 
UU»a, from which Ibe iwliilily Wore no longer eienpl. The sgppW 
Urns granted were enry thing at such a juncture ; ihey wwe mm1> 
ilcre<rgrea(ar than could have been eipreted, and br exreedod At 
panta uf prceedhig diets. Calling, tl wMia a , fals men of Iran Into A* 



1790.] ATTACK ON BBVEIr. 47 

field in the midst of snow and ice, Gustavus sent the Piince of Anhult 
with 3000 men to penetrate to St. Petersburg, and the Prince in fact 
advanced to within two days* march of tliat capital, and possessed 
himself of some foi*tiflcations at Karnankoski, on the Saima Lake. 
This inroad, made so near the capital of Peter the Great, created some 
alarm, and much grenter indignation at the audacity of the insult. To 
repel it a body of 10,000 of the best and oldest of the Russian troops, 
including a detachment of guards and a powerful artillery, were dis- 
patched under General Ingelstroom, who, about the middle of April, 
attacked the Swedes in their fortified post iti three close and heavy 
columns. Advancing with all their native fearlessness, nnd with all 
the pride and ctmBdence of .success, which long habits of victory had 
DOW rendered habitual in the Russian army, the shock was dreadful ; 
but the assailants were received with a firmness and intrepidity that 
astonished them. The fury and violence of the assault were completely 
baCBed* Indignation and shame at being foiled by so inferior a force, 
national pride, animosity, and nvalship, prompted the Russians to 
renew tlie action with all the rage and fury that men in such a con 
dition are capable of ; the cool and detenniued courage, however, 
with which they were again repelled, was never exceeded. A third 
attack followed, in which the brave commander, the Prince of Anhalt, 
fell ; nevertheless, after about two hours of the must desperate, ob- 
stinate, and blot>dy fighting, the Russians were as totally defeated as 
before : they then rethred from the field, utterly foiled in their object, 
but in good order, and the victors were not able to profit by a pur- 
suit. Tlte Russians left about 2000 dead on the field. 

6. TUK Kl.NQ OF SWBDEIN TAKES VaLKIALA AND ADVANCES TO 

Boario. 

About the same time^ on the 28th of April, the King in person 
eroesed the Kyniene, and entered Russian Finland. He found a body 
of Russian troops encamped round the strong fort of Valkiala, and 
well intrenched. To hazard an attack was rather desperate ; the 
King, however, advanced with his usual confidence, and was received 
with no less i*esolution. The action was very severe, and lasted for 
several hours, but at length the King with his Swedes, surmounting 
every obstacle, carried the riitrenehments,and also the fort, by storm. 
This acquisition was highly important, both from its situation and the 
large magazines which were found in the place. The King next took 
Wilnianstrad and other places, and fixed his head-quarters at Borgo. 

^. The Duk£ ov Sudermania with tu& Swedish Flbet attacks 

Rkvkl and is repulsed. 

Tins early openmg of the campaign had given considerable advan- 
tage to the King, as the enemy were not in readiness to meet him. 
Their gi*and fleet was still in its winter stations at Cronstadt and 
Revel, divided nearly equally in the two ports. The Duke of Suder- 
mania, having sailed from Carlserona at the same time that the 
King marchedf was at this moment sole roaster of the sea. J 
again, thar«fore/ determined, if possible, to prevent the jnnd 



of the eneinj-'B fleets; uid biiUer etill, resolred QpQii making an 
■tlempt til destroy tbem at ibeii enclionige. ArcordJDsly, on the 
13th uf May be mwle > dasli intu the liarboat of Rem, regant- 
lesB of the Blroug bxtieriea by which it wna derended, or the iietjj 
metal at the ships thst repused under their pnitectian. Notsritb- 
standing all these formidable dangers, the attneli of the Swedn 
i>i8 tmly tremendous, and tliey penetrated into the rery heart uf 
the harbanr, and roainlained for severs! hours a moat desperate nm- 
teU in the centre of the enemy's fire sd<) strength. A saddan 
shiftiag of the wind aod a violent stonn iire ssid to haie marred ^m 
fortnne of this atlaek, and they were nblifed to abandna it with tha 
utmost precipilation, the diiKcuIIy of getting oat of the hnrboar 

able hws. Tlie Swedes lost n 60-^nu ship, which, having been dia- 
inatted, was taken possession of by the Russians, and another was 
wrecked, but the crew were saved, aud the ship burned. A third 
likewise r^iji on shore, but wns saved with the loss of it* guns. Ih* 
enterprise was in truth H nno-t rasli one, and not to be josljiied opud 
any principle of nnvsl tactics. 

8. TbE KlMG OF SWEUEM niTII HIS FlGET OF GlLLETB aTUCE* 

Fbehehickeeiak ititu success. 
The King, as sum as he reached Borgo, had been jcnned by fata 
fleet of galleya, and he now detennined to take the command of it 
himseir, as a wound he had received at Valkiala iacapaeitaled huia 
at present for the command of hia army. He accordingly raiseil fats 
standard on board the "Amphion," and itnmediittely set sail to 
aeek the enemy's fleet of galleys, which wss stationed at Frede- 
rickeham. Oii the eccnud dny after the unsuccesafiil attack at 
Rerel, he saddenly soiled into the harbour, stormed and forced ^M 
defences, took thirty-eight vessi^ls, sunk ten gunbusls, and burned 
forty more, aud thirty transporla. He also destroyed the docks, aod 
burned all the stiTe of limber and stores nhtdi had been accumu- 
lated for the building and equi|>plag of their fleets. The Duke of 
Sudermania then made sotue descents on the coast to &Tuiir th« I 
Operations of the land atmy, and the King, it would appear, mado 
another attack, towards the end uf June, upon the Muscovite diviuon 
of ships and gunboats that were anchored in the Bay of Viborg. 

0, GbEAT NlTlL EMCODKTEB BSTWEE.> the Rt^ElNS UtV SWBIMH. 

The Rusmans hsvin; now had time to recover from their surpriar, 
and collect their forces, soon turned the tide of success gainst tii* 
Swedes both by sea and laud. The strong posts which the lalier 
had BaJned in the Viborg and Carelis were soon reooTered, aud ifae 
Swedes were obliged to recrosetheKymeneand quit Russian Piolaod. 
At this lime, however, ihe Duke of SadenDsnia bad bllen in wilhlfaa 
euemy's Beet from Cronstadt, under the comniaad of Vice-Adioinl 
Kniie, and on Ihe Srd of June an engagement took place which lastid 
for sevenl hours, and ended without any absolute saecea oc eitfa«r 
mdoi when the Swedish fleet, either through prudence or from m- 



b7I)0.] UETWEGN TUH ncaSIlNB ANIl BWEDES. 



Lt IioiKlibdiiHug ]teet iif SMker. The RiisHiaii 

-' a leg ill tliiii «n(!i)Uiib!r, luid tvro of his iiliipt 

Mid (tbl<)(ea IH iMiVH tliu line. The Swede*, 

kkitny nfltted tlisir ahiiia nnd mencJed (li«ir riftgin);, ontne out 

T Iwmur twxt morning uid Teii«w«d tlis en|;ageinent, knd thougli 

"*'~B d«ewiva luok plkiw, [lis KuBginn DoiumandBrs Uim nwny uid 

(wh«t wMitaD wll) k longidliat engxgunient uf it, thu moat 

_ .«t!va ur unjr lollie rigging. la tlio very bviijlil uf Ihe cDiiliict, 

rtrmr, two SH'edish frigMe* npitsamd under n Ueuvy pma of snil, 

' — >d by the who1« Bevel aquAdviia, ogiialalliiK ft tliiriMii rruah ' 

-jfdMlioe. Nn iltuiilian euuli] be moro punlouii. TIih Sweiliah 

>«^«kMd ta iMeonIoK'd In toils ^m which noUiin^; vould e\tri- 

• H. The \dmi»l TcliiUcliKjiow, who cnmmitiidi-d, liiiii»idliiti'1y 

'imI Um welonnia uvua to St. Petersliurg, lliiit llio l>iil>i.' of 

■IitainlKlit bo expected there as ac&plive witli ftll tlm umi<ei-B 

f hid llfwi. Hilt Turtuiie ipmenilly fHVDura tliu brave. Thu Dul 

iv:ii]">I liiiiini'll' -I FiriiiiB oUiuigfl ot wjiid tD exeouta ajudioiuuB ii 

.1 iti r.', It iiIli. ii fi.' WHS enkbladto vKtrioate hinuelf f^m the dM 

rli ■! r>ii ii'i<'< I lii^'i. .'jKi Id Rkiii ou that very evening & eeeure al 

in ijii' ir>lLiiMi oi iL|ijruo, whurohe wua joined by hi* brother ^le 

U*iU> lit> HmMu ui giilleya >nd gunboata. The King, over cmulntli _ 

Lii4 rivallhi^ llic Diaat ranowntd •■( his prodoeciura in militkry glnt^ 

^bw dalanninod with hia united furei to make «i Mt>clt on VilKirB,k 

ptMJMthllofduigtr.uid with every probftbilttyufaueBiiiaAgainBthlin. 

Bviih ttiiadeaijin ill view, ihorefbra,^* aiula a deseeiit on thesliura*^ 

Fiir C^raliv, whwh he led in iwnmii, and wm •uocui«riil In ixiuUug 

liiqwnin^ willi hi* ujuul vigour lueh anlkll boitiflH of " 

lu «niid 111 the flret vmergmioy be eulleclrd tu tippoe 

meul time t]» ebvinus event, whieh the Kingshuuid h , 

nahehodeaiuetDdrt'Hl it, tookpiuw. The snuid fleet uuderAdi 
'rehili>ch*trow,aiid tlie fleet of gaUcyi under t)ie PHneo of Ni 
eamo In the MButuKa of tliolr oiiitntrynien on alicire, uid api 
•uddsnly Wfora Iha narrow pnaut^ whleh leiula into tlie I 
VltHirz- Hnr* the Swcdiah tloat liad already arrived in tin 

iliKTO wia no otIiaroDuiiiiunication vritli the e«« but throu) 
|k»hital in whii^h tlie KiinitiiH bad now pinged four ol Uieir be 
In, aniwd witli tliuir lieavieat lurtal, the King uiight be litamlly 
II I* b* wught in K tniu. 

' ~ ~ iml* eonfliet followed, whivb took place on tlie 3nl of Jul 
If tbe Swedish fleet, commtuided by Admiral Mudee, 
WtmM lo pan the atralt ttitbimt rreelving any veiy i 
l^ud fired lis brond»idoa on either baud with greU 
B tha atatloned ahlpa as they paaied. The OMin 
' uwevcr, ao powerful, that it «lruok 
(0 follow, and the Duke of Suderini 
l^.|]l• beat that eould lis eoiuwivod. under soma oirei 
mi MiM fin-iibip* aniiingal die aueiny and renuiva . 

jtly by biining tlia fon r iiatiuni^ aliipa ; but Ihnaa ' 

Wvii9 flrv-aliipa, either from want of tkill or tlirowgh 
, I utridont, BO bungled the matter, that tliey fell aboaf 

Tvoi, IV. 



Swedinh line of battle ahtp *nd ■ frigitlo. both of wliioli wero bliiWD 
up. Thiti drvufjfiil tniafiirtmie wan ei>mig1i Ut ttrikf ilinnioy intu tb« 
inoal nndaniited liearlB. Dlionler and c<mriiiiiiiii cnauedl sTi^rjilhinK 
wu now dons in a herry, and a«ei)rdiiigly wn* ill diiDv. Four alHpa 
oT Ilia line in th«r attempt to pats llie nirait nlruck upnii tbe roeM, 
and wen abuidoned to tbs enem)'. Tlio Hii|ri^i.>iiiKi>l coiitinucil tn * 
niBoiier dwiag the wliola niglit und purl <i( ilio huucihnIIiiii day. Tb« 
mt of tho fleet cot through tho atniil, but were eliMxIy pumird bf 
the encm} along the coast, und in thU way two nimn "I tli'i Swu-IUli 
Blii|w were Imt ; but the Uiik« of Sudermania with tliii ruiiiAiiKl'T <>f 
hus ruined fleet had the good TtirtimB to escape t•^ Swi'KlHri'a, wlinra 
he nmred on the eieniiig or the 4th. The gaXWy flort uixler ll>« Iting 
wua Itl the niDRt Imminent danger.nnd did not ei>oa|w without pcflnit 
the pelmlty due to ranhness, Six of his galluys wem wptUNd, 
bavin;: BOO of hin guard on board, and ttxly aiiiallor voiwla wal« 
either laheu or destroyed; ninety officers were aiiiniiifiit iba killed, 

deslniyed. Altogether it wm ooniputed that tlie SwiiiU'« l.al mom 
than 7000 men in both engaEeineiiia, whiis ihe Ikw ■>» il>« ■■■lu iif 
tliB HusHlnns wasinnimideral^e, except In the (our ■liiilninil ahi)>a, 
whieli were nearly reduced to tlie onuditlon nf alHulnte wrL-cii*. Tfaa 
King with the remainder of his K&lley fleet esenped la Swenk Sotinil, 
ana hem he found the Pomeranian division of his light Beet luidet 
tlie <!ommand of M. de CroDBtadl, who by hia lUo aniinl had bdI 
been Involved in tlie recent duaatera. 
10. Tai KtMii or Swkokh okiKt a onsir Naval Vicionr orn 

TBI PeINCK Of N*!l»»t,— PkACB or WtKKLl. 

Neither qoolled by hU advene fortune, nor domayod by lb* 
disnul yroapecl befure him, tliia njignniiimrioa succeikur u( CImHm 
XII. immedialelj' adopted tbe design of retrieving, by ecma boM 
atroko, llie sitpect of his aHairH, He learned tlial the I'riuN «{ 
Naasan would be on hin way to Fredenckiihaiii with tbe 
and Vibnrg diviiiinn* of the lli^et, and he det^^rminrH 1< 
intercept hiro. The King did not lose an instant in j.mv;. 
aqaadron and pat^ng the teatels in tho best G'>n<l>i.< 
■oshort a time; and on tho Gth of July the hosiik i: 
sight, the King being between (hem uod the shore. ' 
in the morning of the 9th tbe Prince of Nasau a<U . 
King's Koet, wlueh was already diawn up in nrrJi ^ 
main Imdy oominanded by (xiIodfI Slodinck, tin 
Coloiid Tuniingi, and [he left bj Colonel HielmRli' i . 
land ufficers. The King was on board lbs "Seni'li 

Eire (lie ingiuil fur a general engagement, ha lilniH-li 
eat of it a* wan his wont. Thv two wings were li i 
enemy coming down with great (irnmess upon (hcui, 
a heavy fire uf cannon attd small anna a« tliey appt ' 
Rosaians were moat bravely recsiveil, and the aitu-- < 
■ueh finnncas ibat, abuat noon, thoir U-ft wiog h*g%u <>. , 
this time reinfbrcemenia arrived to both aidea, aud llui 



m 



17900 ^^l' "^^ '^nE MEDITEBBANSAII. 5] 

r'newfrd l^rnuKliDUt llie wlinle lino witli iiiiilimiiiitihed fury, bui 

>il»<Ut r..ur, cme nf iIh- Itnnnlao eallejs wnre Hcieil to HIrike Ihbii 

ciiUlurs, Hllil iii>me hud fnundereil : aevural hiul liiteii tsbuii, and till 

Ur)ter oiibb wore iiriw seen to r£iiil tliair linH. Tim fifrng oil Imtl 

•liiln, linweTcr, Duiitinueil till ten o'clnah in tlie evening, wher 

ail eut i>n<ity genetiill)' under weig^h. and boKin lu dupcne. TIk 

darkoMs nf the nlglit put ttn end bi tlw SwHifcli Are abnut eleven 

bot u soon as diiy broka Bnme of the eiiemy'a g^lleye were neen 

ttntniiod nn ahiiala, having atruok their colnure. Ac three in thi 

maruliin the clDtara renewed the action, nnd a, Runainn (iriij^iiio aiid 

Hxiii.' •iimll cnft were token. The vanquished llieii retreated on all 

-I i< '. 'iitrmtig and destroying their Mranded Bhijis, and were |iiiraiieil 

'. iL KitermiBBioa till ten that night. The Swadaa enptured 

I i:-" ■:! KbMr vesBfliB, with ouDBiderahla artillery nnd a nii'iibw 

. i iilr^K. Kany EuKliaii otHcers were prc-«ent ill thin netiuii, nn 

.-■ I ILifslsn and Swudish shipn. FiiriiniKBt In tht) naniber nf the 

Hid iilwaya fbremost in tha light, «Bs the lata Admiral Sir 

Smilli, then a yuung man, ramsiiIiD, bravo, and daring 10 

U-'f-iTo the eloMHf ihenetiun, before even the ainnke of the 

^ ,~ iiiil L'loiired away, Guatavun Kave Captain Sydney Smith the 

^[jjt'l i:iMsa of the Swedish Onler iif llie Sword, of which he was 

iilwuys eaneeintly proud, nolwithetandiiig the heap nf ribbons and de- 

ifiralinn* n* bad in niter life tii oairy *. The number of veaaeJi nunk 

axid btimed could iiBTer be exactly aaeertaiiied, but the wrecks that 

•inwtd ilir L*ip:Lr,l Hero prodlgioua. The luaa of the RiiBsians miiat 

t, iiiid the (iriaonei's amounted to 4600 men, of 

■111 The Swodes hut but a few veaaela, tud 

moderate, conBideriiig the length and Srmniwi 

I ' <%ithniit any qneilion defeated, but glorioua 
r| >' I III iL.> li'iH maciry woa, the KiiiK wiia not much ill a Hilualion w j 
I- U"<' iiri- i-ondltion: he hiid ecarecly an oniiy left, and hia navy « 
t'<;.Lllt I'lLiiicd. Theee miltualloBtin and the exIiitUHted state (if Swed 
lir-Mlii.-'-U ii»»rturBB for A Iruoe on the conililinn of a muttial reatltH. 1 
4Mn»ra<<ii'luiial*'mbi>thi>ide', andon the Itth of Augnat a duflnitivB - 

, |MUy of |i|i|ice WB« aigiied uu tlje plaiiu of Warela betwceu Swedan 

UMaRuMia. 

* II. Wa« BLTWFIW TUB RUWIISS JlHO Tuitll* I» TUK MEDltKlt- 

ft Fbr aorna time the Ruaaian army on the Danube remuneil *fi^' 
['WMi'iii but more trnm political <^auiwa tliiui from any relmutio^'l 
Of lH»liU(y Kiwardn the Turlta, Tiio CKuiu wu aiill u mud 
Hpr tMOt upon further a)[grandix«ineut at the expanao ot 
^B tlm ma am aOxr <al1ad Sir Hvdney ; but thiiii«h the wmVet of ihit 
^HtafOhluid nun ham nmdered nil name immortal, hia own caiintry, 
^|bliMl« iiTltb and tomeciaica churliihorila fawhanaurable dlitlDclimia, 
^HU not And a daceriiliDii br tlia lirtt Knglitliniafl who bad fnilad lluiia- 
^TMi, mitil the PHaco Rcgmt in'THwd ihe Order of the Batli. nod maJa 
ho — Enl^t CMDinuider ! 



8UVABB0W TA.EEB IBUAIL BY BTOSM. 

OttoilinnB ; but elie 

kll kind lit busilleiu 

howBYer, of the uin „ . 

tFoapa, who form ihe balk of tbs Otiomiui annU-B, had. nnvrding M 
their COIUUU1I custom, repHBicd the Ht^llHpant M iho «)dn uf Um 
fine tnwon, and returned to their native connirio, to tliM Aa 
European Turk* Here left during the winter liugly lu contmd vilh 
the whnle faree of the RuHdana. Nevertheleu tlie war did AM 
wholly iMi^inh- A Biiui&ii iiinlieal aqukdrua hid be«n d^i| 
itillnita iDiBohipf in tlie isUnds of the ArchipttUjio, uid in " 
■iTly patrt of the year one Major Lanibro seiied Ziii hiivd • . 
Albanese eolilien, Mid erected fi)nift cations tn svcnre the poasMclon 
of the island. On iho IStb of May seven Algerine mivam boldly 
und<nTtook tho rncue of the Archipelago from tiiia •ncupntion, and 
rmm the enannilics cotmnitled by ihrso Rusaiao adwniluiiaM. 
Joined by some Tnrkieh vewBls they attacked the eneniy'a aquBdnn 
~~'''' ih elTecl, tliat aftci' sinking two of the sliipa and (orvin|; dM 
un nn sliore, lliey maile ■> gr«al slanghler, and Major La 
' ' and only asratied in ■ boat, ii that the h 
I TuriiifJi tarritfliy frt ■ ■ - •- -■- 
tlona. Tl>e Blavk Sea wtui also a principal 
ths Turks and Rtwsians, and eonie navi ' 
took place, in whioh the auecess ehiefly 

13. St;WlBBOW TAKES ISMAII 

An attempt wtM nmde at this time by the Turka la penetrM* lata 
the Russian ennciacsis between Ihe Euititui and the Cancnans. BiUak 
Faolia advanced with an amiy of 411,000 men from Anapa, and pMNd 
the rivet Kuban uti tlie lOth of Oetalior, whera he wii ImmadiaMly 
encountered by a Rusaian army under General Hcnuann. ™ 

superiority nt niirntaem w»H Willi Ihe Turku, but limy H 

and totally routed, and their general and prinaipul 
priaiinen, with thirty pii^css of artery and all their e<|iii)Hi|c«> 

I'riiiea Polemkin at the close of the preceding year had tdcM 
Xilia Nova, a (ortreu ou one of the moutlia of the Datinb*, and iw 
vrojeeted further oonqneata in the prindpalitiea of Moldavia wbA 
Walliichia. It wua late in October when Suwarrow re«rd*od r«i» 
furcemcuta and luppliea, with this brief and psrcmpinr; IcIMf (hm 
PoiemkinT " Yon will take Ismail, cost wlial it may." Thb atNoy 
fortren was the key of the T^nwrr Danube, and on account of m 
imjiortanm a ([arHMiii of I3><MM men, the flower of iha T^rkU 
tr<>opa, was piiHied lliere to deTond It. The works bad lat^jr b«« 
much imprortKl and «trangtheaed in ■ miet mattorly inannn-, VUltt 
the able direction of a t^iMnish enflineor uffirer. It «ra« ttw OrlJ 
tortmot of any viiliie that rcmuined I* ihe Turka in thow) futa, 
and there was nothing bctwurn it and Cnnaiaatinoplo but tht 
imtrenehed camp at Shumla, and tha diflieuU paasca of the OaUkaa 
monataiDa. A ficvi of gallsya undur Admiml lUbaa Inveatcd !•• 
mall by waicr, and Suwarmw rurapletcly surrounded tht foifn* 
by land, nftcr which he luuuiiiiiK'd llii' Turkiah govsrnor, wiM 




1790]. HinvABRDw TA.Ei:a isuail by btobu. 88 

mtnmcil » ImugliC}' doflBiice. I[ whs Klrasdy tUe Dinntli of Dughoi- 
l>*r, HOI (IiM (iuie fur iiiahiiig & regulsr aiege, iluriu(; tlie fuga imtl 
Hgpnir of Uiat moat inalflnieiit re|{''iii '• '>■>> ><^ '*'*■ "ot luited ti> ths 
i;i'uiu* •.'{ thiia rutlral Mid roiighmt soldier of fortuaa to undcrtnka 
mij' «l<iw and raiular jirumBs of niilitu'; Boionae. Ho tliuMfore 
. -niTiHitKlvd thd maaa with buttariaa coiwtmcttd un every spot gf 
iimund which could «n>wer hi* purpose, kiid Hrmed them wUli tba 
' linvimt Inttoring CMinuii ktid murtftra, hb woll «a with avec^ kind 
<ir inuthliiflthntcinlltl cftrry any form of huatiU projou^s, while fiirKM 
Tiir lintting balla were couitrucUd every wiiere, Co pour dMtruntiaa 
I Into tlia derated plnoe. TIiu draailrui mu- nl » moil atuiienilauR 
■ ■ ■ rdment awoke tlia giuTl*in at five o'oloeli in Iho mwniiua of 
h of I>MBinb<!i-. AteeranauolialiQWerauf red-llatBhiit,l<uinba, 
i( had bwn alnsady thrown, thnt, thinliiiiK tho eii"iiiy ti> 
. lie HiiiiHaa oommandea determinsd to try tlio vSaut (if 

i by brute B)r*o. Twonty.three thauund nion, divided 

« ijfbt «olumi)a, one of which was led by Suwajrrow in pcragn, and 
"hMnmn ipproprlated tn ite particular puiai iif attach, ndvanoaA' 
JImM tbo fnrtreu, while tlie itumiaii gallvya, luimiitiiiK (Hi? ga^ 
jrwl upon It frem tho rlvnr. A ninel deiipiiralA ouuHict enaM^'' 
t^r*a hnure. lainaii Inolied like a vulokau in aDlian; it was m 
t dread fill bnllle. At leii|{th tbe anailaiiM were ropulMd j Ih* 
ijalleya niwail away with a terrihlw Inaa in men und offioera; tha 
Turku HaJliHl oiil iip'iii tlie retiriii); coluiriiis to ewetl tlie hlwily 
n-ut <viih ilii' Kniird und ataglian. Suwarruw wiia biwii enhihitiiig 

-~' ' -■ I'liiiiuy valour in bin own person, bi renniinate his 

' 'lo'io tn thw flKhC To bUdw bit intiu tiuie lo 

' ' ' ' . Ill' |>«rhap« til bring up truth truops, lie deter- 

' ilui alteiitian at the Muwulmana by a flreah 

I !i III! (he battcriei Dii land and from the galUyi by 

rtiii aHKiilt waa llien reiiawud, but the Huaaianii ware aic'ln 

■.'•II driven baok. At taal one earth battery waa oarried, 

. :,.w liainjt tha Hnt to Hpply the aealing ladder, and, with a 

1 in liie hand, be mnutilnd, and plauteil il on the wiirk. 

iiiirwd of him tliat when lie waa hitdinit ur driving hi* 

:•■ i)ie aawiiilt, he eried nut, " Bi'otiior*, no iinRrier ta-dr~ 

.1 f.iiW ia acareo," The Hret line ..f wovka waa at lauj 

I. ijut tbecnmeat «m atlll dreadfuh for llie Turka aliiilii 

" ri'ir In raciiver wlutC (hoy had loil, and totally iliaiuiii 

II' II' mlnils lh« preMTvatlnu of lllu. t'reali roiii&rueioBnti 

. ' IV, il til the Houiang, wliilHt iha Uttnmiuia wnv wcArled and 

I iiMi fay thia Imih and eunlinuid conflict, and theao woro now 

., . iMiatuii hack til tlia dvFenue of the BeiMod parapet; UiU tbey 

dHsperattily aa they bad done tlie Hntl, ami tbey Ibeq 

'd a fraut behind the third purapvt »« tbey liwl dimf 

•ccoiid. At laiijjth. an hour after lunevt, the tliird "— " 

' torrent uf aavaRe »iid irritated MuaoovitoB lad ni 

he flrit, bunt Into the vify licurl uf tlie city, 

, . lilt Ual.id llipouahlho night, acenmpaolBdhybnrturt' 

olliab hnuanlty nuuld ecarcriy Diiduru the recilal. Many Turk*. 



i J 
I IMM 




54 DEATH A-TSTD CHABACTEB OF POTEMKIN. 

incapable of witnessing them, and to shorten their own misery,: 
desperately upon the bayonets of their enemies. The risin^^ 
Ismail exhibited such a scene as had never before shocked ti 
of the beholders. About 30,816 Turks of all ages are said t< 
perished in the storm and subsequent massacre. The galhi 
Seraskier Pacha, who had held the chief command, was fuund ] 
with sixteen bayonet-thrusts. Six or seven Tartar princes 
ancient family of Gherai also |>eriHhed. The Russians are belit 
have lust 13,000 men in the assault, including an amazing nun 
officers, some of them of the highest rank ; the Prince de 
was wounded, and the Duke de Richelieu had a narrow eKca{>e- 
of these had been volunteers. Suwarrow*8 dispatch on this oceasi 
in his usual laconic style and addressed to the Empress, *' > 
Ismail is at your feet." The bloody trupliies taken at Ismai 
displayed in an ostentatious and ^rand triunij)h at St. Petfi 
and the Czarina said sarcastically to Sir Cliarles Whitwurt 
British Ambassador, on the occasion, ** Since the Khig your ms 
determined to drive me out of St. Petei^burg, I ho|>e he will 
me to retire to Constantinople." Nothing now appeared to be 
way of that long-coveted object. The Gi*and Vizier with h 
pirited army retii'ed into the defiles of the Balkan, and 2^ 
detachments under Prince Galitzin, Prince Repnin, and other 
rals, crossed the Danube, and drove every Turk that dared t< 
himself out of Bulgaria. 

13. Death and Military Character op Prince Potemi 

Prince Potemkin was bom of a reduced noble familv of Ku; 
1736, and entered the array at the age of eighteen as a comet 
Imperial Guard. He was already a man of influence in the rt- v< 
of 1762, which placed Catharine on the throne. He 6erve«l 
several Turkish wars under Romanzow and Count Panin, ui 
became elevated to the highest favour of the Czarina in I77C 
was the great instigator of the war against the i'orte in 1 
in which the Crimea and Kuban were torn from the Oi 
Empire, and by which Russia acquired a footing on the sht 
the Euxine. In 1778 he founded Cherson on the banks 
Dnieper, and formed the countries he had wrested fmm the 
into a new province, which received the name of Taurida, wl^ 
received the name of Taurisschy. The Empress also built a 
for her fiivourite, which she styled the Taurian palace. Pot 
was again commander-in-chief of the Rus^ian arniieM in 178* 
1786 he obtained possession of Oczakow, and here in 1790 of 1 
whilst he occupied with the Russian armies all the tine pro 
of Turkey north of the Balkan. He was «in his day the 
mighty subject of any sovereign: Field-Marshal, Commnn< 
Chief, Colonel of the Guards, President of tlie College of War, 
Admiral, Grand Hetman, dignified with all the RusMian and 
of the highest orders of £uro|>e, and a Prince of the Gemini] 
pire. His revenues corresponded to his dignities : with lartie < 
\d nine millions of roubles in money, he was lord of 40,006 



an bUowuiiw uf 7^,000 r 




■, 17MI, 



I IK INDIA. SO 

iblca fur his perwm mill !10,000 for 
npaiun lie ueverH)^ii tonk tliG field, 
p|{iittatiaiu far the [iFBue of Jauy, 






DJItth. 



I A d'.'f.'''t ill litH fj-pB fpndered liia muufenaiiM lowuriiiB mid fur- 
bidiiiiig. llu wan nwkwftrd and eveu enilinrruacd in liis uddivM. 
tugh \ij naiun niid liabil extrenisly induleni, wbrn rouocd lo 
c]icni«n lliii utiTily wru na reniarkftblc as Ilia Giulaniai'^ sU]iiii«n<^n. 
tjinitulu'ly ToFKciouB ia hia nppelitC] and evrn eoai-me and gluttonous, 
lio ruiild 111 • momcnl nf iieuesBit}' ijnit lila aae and hnbite of luxury, 
■nd li-avcl lll.i' 11 eiiiii-iur day HUd night in a. commcin ouriage of llie 
emiiilry, iiiluvrini! Ili« cmuwe food irf the Runian pensanta. Tliie 
tiiiHiilai' iiiiui Mii.t IdiuI of wild luid expcnaiife Bchenieit, aod was cihi- 
tiiui.-iU} dLitM'il liv iIki host i>f [irajeijlura who ■uri'ounded him. With 
vtilv a iiit|ii'rti<'i{il kiiuulrdite of bonks, but a quick coiiipreheiiiHon 
l^inii n iiiir|iri"iiiR iTipin<iry, £» had a peculiar Uleut of deriving in- 
Liiia of dialinctinn in every pmfeasion. He was 
■ in^ai palruii ctl leamiiiit, and vary deni-oiw of promotiiifi the oom- 
I'l'K. and eivitiaatKin of liia COU11C17. Ills miliiary 
nil a [inbler ^eld tliui in the cani|iai|i;iia with llio 
ark*,a^inHl ttliuni lie was oontinually and uiiifoiinly aumeuful. 

U, WtH IN IUDTA. 

f 1a Mr. Pilt'a CHlcbiated India Bill {HOi Geo. III. e. 86) it ia 
I |>ursu(t KoliHineB uf couquest ajid estenuon Af 
. iai»a in India ar« meuaarea repngoaut U llie wiab, the honmir, 
A (nlisy nf tliin nation." Lord CoruHrallia was sent uut in 1760 <o 
1 Wnirvn Itasiin^ u Goveriior-GenenJ at Indi*. (e uarry 
.V«at a pulley witieb in the aequel. oxoeM rortiw lauiwa 
.iSlietbmrui] eharacier of Qruat Britain, might bo aui'poaed tc 
w taia )H)l ftii'wiii'J to dcceivHaudiiii»kad tht world. TheJlutdi 
■ had kccu in poneaaloii uf iwu Tana, Craiii^iiire nud 
II a Travaueora principality, whEcli ia ailuatcd on tba 
ViHlk-want iif tile pKQinaula of Hiudoataii, extviidbtt from 
un of nioniitaina whieh eepaniHa it trom 
taof Tinevelly, and runa up norlliwarda to 
■•of tliK boundary of tlw kingdom of Mywire. Thia pru- 
' Fovctfd by Hyder, who ^t piHiBeHiiiiii uf itin 
i<> ^iM' it back tu the Dutch. Tippou again 

I l\:i\ lug rCHulVfd now t« support Uia claim 

11: <rrlii il a formidable army in the previous 
I iiiruitKiii of reenvering them. Alarraed at 
' Piiii'd iiiiRiodlately ppupoMd tn sell both ihe 
'rnL>'aiic.>ro, an a% of ihe Brillall goveru* 
I, irhioli iRter|io« 



at an attuk 1 

a dMlaMUMM 
'0 ISM^^H 



58 MEASOWB PRBFABBB TO XlfTEB HTBOBE. [jUD- 

the SSth of Uocember, 1700, ho cumtndiwt'd m Niddcn altaefc 
upmi these fuiw on Iha buuiidsry <>! Tmviinpnrf. Thi» failxl 
llirougb nne of (hoae nulilen pkRiQi t^i which half-diwipliiied krmlaa 
are *t all timm liable. The S-nltnn wu bimHlt Ihrown dawn In 
the atniggle, and the bearers or his j«lauqnin wen Iramnlad to 
death, from wliiph fate Tigipon waa only taied by ihu ngoruw 
exerdona of aoDie rfsolnte mud Faithful follooera. It wui iuipuudbl* 
for the Bengal ^vemineiit to behold a prciceedjng of this kind with 
indiffereDci?. Il had in rain itilerpMrd to revtraiu biiatilitiaa^ ud 
■• it bad Duw farmed a gIobb alliance triih the MKhnttaa and the 
Nixarn it wai free far action. Ti|)poo would uiTer have venHnd 
upon tha course he had commenonl but fur ibo tnnporuiiiift <Aa- 
meter nf Mr. Holland, the civil Kovomor of Hadma. He pcnuled 
in writing to Lord Comwallis that " il i» not T<|ipoa'a inlenlian Ut 
breali with the Campan;," and with the wcuknMS which in (oeli 
IniiMCti'ins often uifluenees oiTiliHUB, uu aecurily waa tnkm Uu 
the puuible error of eneh a su)>pi>*it>UD. It is recorded by Sir 
Tliomaa Munru that "we bave derived but little benefit IVum 
exjierit^nce and miBfartune ;" "-we ehall eommeuce the war uodar 
the dieadvanttige of a want of nagaiincB ;" "we have aelcd ■• if 
we liad been to tn'yiy a perpetiu)} peace." Happily at ihta tioM 
GenL-ntl Meadowi auceeeded the ineompei^Dt Hr. Holland *> Govm- 
norand Coninuiader-inXlitef at Madnu: he brought wiib him lO^WO 
meu, and the ulmosl exerlionB had been maile tii expedite the eqaip- 
mcnt nf the troupe and prepare them for aeliie operaliuus, but ha 
flnl ojieiied a direct comniuiiicaiiaTi with TijifHio. The liultaa at 
first dimvowed all pnrtidpadon in the late attack on the fori*; bM 
finding from the tone of Oeneral MeadnwH that ihii wa« diMrrcdilH^ 
and becoming awnro ftwra the active prsptiratiatpi o( the Britiab 
that (hey Wci>e ready fur war, lio changed bin tone, knowing that b* 
wu himself movf forward than liia odvemry. and begta (u aaama* 
a more lUKilcat carriage. He alu procurrd as soon a* pKasible frnm 
Mysore an additional aupply uf troops and bntisringgun*, and aEkla 
attached the linee, which he carried by annalt on the 7th of Hay- 
He then turned hi* alteiition to Uio juris nf Ayaroltali aod Ctut- 
Eanoris which be besieged nilli Ti|{iiur, and whui carried: after whiak 
e captured and ravaged all the simig nlacFs in the north prirtiiM 
of the province of Travancore. ami in Ins caprice an) mvaija mfi 
destroyed even Mysore, the anoieiit capilal ofhia own kingdom. 

lA. GR!CK8itL MEtnowB mitriKKS in vmn Mtwirk. 

Without wai tine f'^ llie junclloD oftheMnhmltaaand the Kisam^ 
enutJugent, Lord Cuniwallia had early anangeit »ith Genetsl Ma*f 
dowa a plan n( camwisn. \ force wu dispatchod fniiii Bumfaajl 
conaisting of the jatli King's regiment and two batialJoiia oT Mtw^ 
under i:uloael Hartley: these hitd arrived at Tan-iro »n tb« tSr4 «( 
April, and look up a strong position on tlw ioUud of Vapwuk Tlw 
" ownl dividing liis iroope InUi nix brif^ados, aoaeinblrd tlwm •• 

} pliiiiw of Triohiiioputy, wlteno* they epnud towards Coim* 



1790.] UEAJ)OWS FREFABES TO EHTEIl MTSOBE. 57 

batare in mrJer to ihreaten ihe pnxB of GujelhDtiy, llml leads i 
tba heart of Mysore. On tlie 24th of May the Genenil was 
lenfith Dtiabled to lake tho couiiuaiid of bia army, but be had first 
to pusseBS himaelf uf Caroor, Itie neai^t fi'oatier tuwn ql hia enemy,' 
before taovint; furwofd. In lbs meau time General Abercroinhie 
with tlie army of Bombay made ready to reduce Tippou's leni- 
IMVOD (he tIaJabDroriBHI,iinil thence waa to unite hnnBelf.ifpoMible, 
wiw Meadows; while Colonel Kelly, nC the bead of a smaller force, 
was directed to obfierTe all the piuaea by whieh the Myanreans oolild 
OliiM Tiiadil]' descend into the Cur-natia. Alarmed at the actual ap- 
peannce of the British army near the frontiers of his most valuable 
pMaessionH, the Sultao retired rriim Travancore in baate, and 
turned tu Seriogupntam, hia capital. General Meadows commenced 
liis march on the Sflth, but such was the defective state of iha oom- 
I aisnrut and field- transport departments, that mont of the tumbrils 
broke down ere twenty miles of country were traversed, and a halt 
bcoamc necessary. AC length on (he IGth uf June, he marched awajr 
froni the plains of Tiichinopoly, and, entering the enemy's country, 
advanced tn Caroor, which naa abandoned at his appioacb ; and on 
the 2nd oC July, after having strengthened the works and eetallished 
— iBgaaine in it, he marched on towards Aravaconrcby. On being 
tinoned to surrender, the killicUr of this plane requested pern ' 
I, In onler to save his credit with the Sultao, to make a few i 
rgsa, which he kindly prutnised should du nu dania|;e; but hisre- 
, M was refused, and the General took possassioo «f the place uiihout 
reustanco. real or pretended. On the lOUi be arrived at Daraporam, 
another wwk pUice, which he fuuLid evacuated. Here Meadows esta- 
bhsliod all hospital and depdl, and left a brigade behind for its pro- 
tcctinn ; and he then preaaed on la Coimbalore, where he arrived on 
thcSlalorJulv. The only opposition which (be British had bitlierto 
MKixmtM^ arose &am dlHerent bodies of lnaties,an irregulsr horse. 
Inti-lligHiice had been received that Siihid Sahib, one of Tippoo's 
ablest geuerals, was approaching Coiinbatore with 3000 horse, and 
that (he SullAU himself liad passed the Bahviny, snd ivoa occupying - 
Iho steep dtHles in the direction of Seringapalam. A corps of 
oavalrjr under Colonel Fiiyd was immediately sent forward, whieh 
entered Coiiabatore in time lo [irevenl the rtarj-uard of the Mysore 
cavklry delnchmcnt from seltiug it on tire j and Floyd, following up 
Ilia lint auoeeescs, penetrated to their encampment, and took soma 
iU:ii\ i-r forty prisiini-r!!. Fn>m this place an oil vanced force under 
< "I. Ill I Stuart was detached lo attack Falligaut, but did not effoct 
ill I ir i:b}vct. They, however, giit possesinon of Dindigul on the list 
• li suijiint; while Colonel FluyJ Ly a happy stratagem seized uuid 
iyujiuuiigalum, an important post on tlie left bank of tlie liahvany, 
Erouad also capitulated l<> Colonel Oldham sfter a trifling oppusitioa ; 
wd Colonel Floyd then joining Iv liiiuself Colonel Oldham's detaeh- 

1. ««ldied all the country south of tlio Buhriny. The othw 

.1.1 _g gmo,„. General Meadows lay at Coimbatore 

id tWu European battaliona; Colonel Stuart had 
n the Otli before Palligaut; (lie Bengal cuiillngent undw j 




88 TIPPOO XTTAOIS MBADOWB. [*.». 

Calone) Kelly, consiiitiiig of tlirw European »nd two aepoy r«KiiiiBiil*, 
ftipmeilllmcBntreaniiym Ariiea; Culniiel Hardly whb still at Cijoliin i 
,tha NiiiLiii*a array wm oniituiied ur llm iKirth Hide nf iIil- Kiiiiijuli auJ 
■t Ruliiire, l)ii> Mnhrattiis bIciwI; iirlvuiiciii!! frmii tlie fuiiiir.' ilgr'<tiii<>» : 

luimtiiry to his nilvniic.l u|.i.ii M)»oix:. Uuiiiiif llila linii-. or iMitl)- >u 
Se|ittii>ibi>r, 'llppua wiu Httwllliilj' ileiceixliiig tlis lilmule lliroiifjli tba 
Gujelhutt}' pua. 

101 TiFmo DnRKHDS tns Qjixtiia ind ittacks Wstoavis. 
At this critical mDmeiil. I)«for« lli« prsiHuilinn* weiv cumplatad, 
the Suluui'a aiiny BuililHiily appeitiwiU Uii tlie lUth nf Iw|>(MiilMr 
Floyd's niitpiwtn »i><l pittivia woro ilrivwi iii, >iid about ilUO of bia 
MTalry, who worn wnt tu (upport t)ii-Tii,,l(iiimt tlieniMlvM In f*M 
nf 6000 ur 7000 Myxirean liaiw. NDtwithiit«nding thn diapkrily of 
force, hnworer, iht-y niaintaiued n uliirp coiilliui, until, bum* down 
iij the iveight of numbera, thoy we*o l-ouiik-IW to tafca pi«t unnne 
■unw enclimiive till reljevol by Fhiyd. who ■d*>nced to th*ir kl3 
with the reniundm of iii* trou|i8. The English now beoime in 
their turn the aHiallinw: ihey olikr|,'cd the eaamy with vJKOur and 
oonpetled iham to retira. So soon as ihn Held waa onmplotely ciMf, 
Ihey draw off annhi to their ruva«i{>mei it, hut hud uamtly dlBnmunud 
wh«ii the aiieiny were Reon BdvNnc'iii^ in gsvitl iiumlwra along bolb 
bnillB of the river. Colonul Floyd iiiatjuitly rurmed hh liiia, and 
the Mynoroan arlillnry opened upon thorn su an to gall the liiAuiCry 
« good deal, but ll remained flrni, and the Britiih iwuk* did not 
wkver under it. Fhiyd eheerod (horn hy hit uwn appeaivneo of 
oanfideucc, and paaaiiig down the line, expreued V> aumo iif the 
naliva otHcere hia regret at the lone Ihey had Mfliivd. " (lod (ortlld 
that we ahiiuld mind ■ few casnaltiea." they replied ; " w* hitr* eaten 
the Company*a wit, and nnr livea »re at ynur dispoeal " At lunaet 
the tiring eeuod ; when Fluyd, hiiviiig oonanlted hia brothar nOioam, 
determined to retire u aonn aa lip ahould be Joined hy iha garriaon 
of Satlmangahira, which place ii waa rvaoWad tu ahaodon. Tippoo 
had abu, aa it afterwards appeared, withdrawn liia anuy in the night 
to a jMnition about six uiflea ft'nni the seene of aeciiin, and inia 
movement having taken place amidst torreota of rain, the n»tiv« 
tOrea was, a* unial undar such i.-irciinialBnceB, in great dfanrdWi 
Some reprehenaible daliy took pUee in ovaeuathig the furl, and ll 
waa, thererors, fiiur o'elook in the morning of the Ulh of Sepionifaar 
btftMtlieBriliahtnwpa were (ft in motion. Apart urUieiraMlllary 
WM neeeawrily left behind tram want of bulincliR; hut the n-tnM 
mnmniwd with the tnfhotry altogether in nna oulnmn, the Mvaltj 
in Bnother, and the baggage in a third, until the natnr* ol the 
oovntry oompelled a otiaDgc, and the wlinle were formiNl into • ainglt 
oolumn, the cavalry loading. On hearlns of the retreat of the Britlih 
fbree, llppon ordered hia troopa to be put in motion fcr immedlit* 
poMult, hut frnm the clnumstanc«a above mmiloned tho order waa 
~'' — * with little nniniptneaa, and the day was alroady adiancod 
Floyd had, -—^- ■' 



about twelve miles before he perceived the Mysorean army in his 
rear, and a distant cannonade ensued, which had little effect. The 
cavalry, marching; quickly, were thrHe or four miles in advance, when 
before they could get back to the succour of the infantry this last 
was furiously attacked about four o'clock, and a severe action ensued. 
In the mean time the cavalry returned at a gallop, and were mis- 
taken for the personal guard of General Meadows, and the report of 
his arx*ival even penetrated the British ranks, who cheered lustily at 
the circumstance. At the moment when this struck the car of 
Tippoo, intelligence was brouf^ht him of the death of Hurkar-oo-deen, 
one of his bravest officers, and he therefore drew off his army, and loft 
(*olonel -Floyd at liberty to pursue his further march unmolested. 
He lost 156 Europeans and 280 natives killed and wounded in the 
enconiiter. When General Meadows was apprised of Tippoo*s ap- 
pniaeh he got his army in march to join Colonel Floyd, but took it 
in a wrong direction, so that it was the lOth before the army was 
united, and they then moved upon Palligaut, in order to cover 
Colonel Stuart, who on the 24th had got possession of the place. 
Palligaut had been deemed a place of great strength, and a con- 
siderable force of artillery under Lieut.-Colonol Moorhonse had been 
sent to assist in the siege. On the 20tli of September the batteries 
were opened at 400 vards, and before night a practicable breach 
was effected, so that the garrison surrendered on terms on the 22nd. 
On the 2tfth all the troops were united to the principal army under 
Meadows. 

In the mean time the Sultan, having repossessed himself of Sati- 
mangalum, Erouad, and Daraporam, pushed rapidly on for Coim- 
batore. His movements were in general so secret and rapid that 
little was known of them in the British camp. From the great 
number of his elephants and bullocks he was enabled to advance 
with singular celerity ; but fortunately on this occasion General 
Meadows was apprised of his intentions, snd hastened to get before 
him to that most important magazine, up* in which more tlian upon 
any other the whole army depended for provisions. On his arrival 
at Coimbatore he had the pleasure to And that Colonel Hartley of 
the Bombav army had defeated the Mysorean general left to watch 
him in G>ehin, and had of his own accord moved to join Meadows, a 
most seasonable reinforcement at a very critical moment. Baffled 
in his attempt, Tippoo now doubled back, for hht attention had 
been excited by the alann of a British force moving to Bramihal. 
This was the central army, under the command of Colonel Kelly, 
who was already at Bramihal on the 24th of October at the head 
of 0600 men. On the Slst of October the Sultan crossed the Cavery, 
intending to move against it. Meadows was on the march to form a 
junction with Kelly, and was at no gi'eater distance than ten miles 
from his adversarv, but in profound ignorance of this mamsuvre. 
The British and the Mysorean armies, having the same object in 
view, were very naturally on the same track; and when the 
former discovered tents and flags before them, they conceived 
tliey were on the point of junction, and fired three guns as a 




to their gvcat surjiHse the trnts aod Ihe flne" ilt>- 
mi the nhiile krniy nioved oiT— it waa that ar Myaum, 
MeadaWB therefore immnliatelj put himsBlf in pucsuit. WiUtovt 
uiy furlher opposUian bath the IlriliBb krmiiw jcuned oit th« I7lh 
' at Norember at Paolam putty, wiUiiu ■ mils of (^verypAtitiii. fep- 
cuvini; hinuplf now less Me to eop^ wiili the united fore* Uiui 
erer, Tippou directed his eotme saalhvnrds. in order to thmtan th4 
British pinta in that quBrter; hut he wa« OTcAaken by the vui iif tlie 
Bri^eb At (he pus of Tapoor, witei'e the houilo furiMS kcoliloDUtliy 
mot on Ihe 36th, b»th intent im the mine objenL Oal;^ for tbo bxms- 
Are CAutiuD nf General Meadaws a deeitivo netion might now ban 
l>eeu Tougbt; Lut fortune favourei] the Saltan, wiio ra|iid1y Tnarclwd 
away for Tricblnnpoly. Here the swollen slate of th" Cavery forlu- 
nately prevented him from effocdng auy tiling before Meailiiw* oauw 
up with liiin on the litliof Decenilier. Dlsa)ipoitit«l iu this iitwrttr, 
he rapidly tnoved away to besirye Tiajfur. Thnt fiirtrc«i«, under 
Captain Flint, fortunately resisied all his eSrirUifiir it was nine daj* 
after the enemy that Meadows arrivtid there. TrinoomalM and 
FemiaDail, howover, opened their ontci tn Tippoo, after whioh tM 
drew hiwarOs Pondicberry. [n the midst of tliesc mardta and 
akirmisliea, of litcla irngiortinee or result, Meaduna reccivad an 
arJer from Lord Caniwallis, wha had arrived at Madiiu to tak* 
upon hinimlf Ihe ciimmaiid, and the General in ciinsequeiiBB dvfUnl 
tiiWHnU Aruee on the S7th of January, and tlie Bcitiali amjr (-Mi- 
blished itiielf at Velluut, eighteen miltH frum Mndias. 



!?■ UeHERAL ASERCROMBir, the NiZlH, INDTRK MinBtntaJ 



lira 



General Abererombie with tha Bumbn.v army did not ei 

field till towards the close of the year, but be undertook the . ._ 

Cuniiaiuire.v'hich, after a weak reaiatancu of three days, rapitalatod^ 
and Ciilouel Hartley, now serving under him, ewnmeiiced ofTeualTa 
operations by making himself inaater oF Turnabedalt t utber forta fol- 
Inwi'd ; and ui the apace of a few wntks the whiile of tlie MalabaX 
ooasi, enlendiug from BillapaUtin to TriiTuiiaini] whs cuniplctely in 
tile linniis of Aberorombie. Nrir •vsre the allies of the British kilo- 

5 ether idle. The Nixain,emh'>ldeiied by the nsult of Maadiiwa'% 
rat opcratioua, sat down before the siruii)[ hill-furt ■■f Cojwol, whU* 
Ihe hlnhratlas employed themselves in the hlookado uf Darwar, » 
fonnldablg post itboui sixty miles north-weal of U, Both ibrM 
ucgee were in proKresa, and olher vxpvditian* nisdiMlod, whou ihii 
u'rivol of tha Uovoriiui-UBni-nil at Mailrae gava a mm lu th* whol* 
plan of the war. His Lordship ilelemiiiiGd In aasumo tlio onmmaiid 
of the whole anny, tltat h!a pn>s«n<w EJiam iniuht be a idad|e of 
sincerity to hi» allies, tlial he might infuse omfiJii'iuie in all rank*, 
and urg« forwanl bolder and more de«isite msasurMh Lurd Com- 
wallls arrived at Madras mi thv 13th of DMember. and Tippw 
•'■■rd of his arrival while he was himself nejp'tiating with theFrvneh 
'orlties at roudicliarry : but on moeiviui; tbo inidligotiot bo 



TAB OT ISDIA. 
cved mpidlj' BWky M the defniEe uf Ih« mou 



Wia w Ikdia— Lord Coitsw*i.us liKza iue fiklu AauNst 

Two lion of apiircoch into tbe kingdom nf Myenre nfTereil tliem- 
dfO* lo tlis iiivodinic Brmy — tbe one which hsd been Htt«mpteil bj 
•nenl Meadows in the liHtcsii]]iBi|^> liut which wsb thiiu|jht tuilraw 
)e culDmnB (oo far frum (lidir prituripiil depdt at Madivg ; llie "tlior 
f Vvllore, Amboor. tmd Uaiigxlore, Thin lalti^T wbb iho sliurtrat and 
M direct, but twc inuutitun raii^:t?a had to be piiBScd ihruugli, and 
UgKlore, > plBCB second in regBnl to strength only to SerinjtupBlain 
AT, hkd to be reduced : nevertheless, it «ai by ^is line ibBt l.ord 
tnwiUia rCBulved to proceed. 
Oa ike IBlh nf Jurnary Lord Cnrnwallia assumed llie commuid at 
lUonl, ^m tvhicli he broke np on the 5th of Feln-iury, and on the 
(fa Ihe army was couceatratod near Vellore, leaving Gmitral 
"IBgVare with a auHicient force (o prutect the Carimtic Tippoo, 
D thonj;hC hie preeenCB in tlie Curnatio wnnld deter tliG Eneliah 
m advuicing upon Mysore, continued for aotne days tu bold 
ground at Giuitee, and even eiidoBVnureil tu open tt ni^liatloo 
peace willi tlie British otninander, but both the time of hi* 
^^.nogee and the rank of tbe meesciigeni piwiuK diitastciul to tile 
kivenuir-Geiieral, the attempt aame to nollilng. and Lord Coniwallia 
rd forward. The direction taken hy lit* Liirdihip indicntud im 
tion of enlerin); Mysore by tbe AiiilHWr or Ryaciilta jiaBses, so 
lit Tippoo WBB deceived as to tile true line of advMtEa -, \>UL «»»«s<^ 
• ba dacavered that the Britiah army had ^Mne4v\» BMn«\\\^»A'4Ba "■ 
*~~~'te piaa, be liaaiciied to Brnignlore bj *».-J lA CVmhib*** *^^ 



Puliooilj' to Femove hU hHrcm anJ treaaurm, sod relrieve th« 
errorof wliich he faonr) thnt he had been guilty. Lord Cuniwallit, 
indeed, by u seriM nt judiciuuB rcinli, had oainpletely deceived ihe 
SnlUn BH to the poinl at which the Bririih army ioteiided lo penclimCe 
Mysore. At Vellore he h»d smifienly clisnued hi* line of march, by 
which meana Ihe army iiTi>t<l within IDOO yards uf th; pettah bI 
BaOfialciTe wilhoat having snffered any (erions hieoiiveiuence or Im 
at lite. The fbna of Cular and Onscrrtla snrreDdenKl to the Briliah 
amu without T«nBtance,in mghlori large bodyuf the Saltan's eavaln, 
who had been hastity detached ta lay watite the coantry, and bom up 
-" 'he fodder on the route which the English had ukeo. Tlie pettah, 
■wnuf Bau^ore, wa>i the primary ubject of attach. It lny ta tW 
north uf Ihe furt, and had several gates. The wliole nf the Suhu'a 
bree sonn appeared for its defonce, and commenced a distant and iD- 
eDcclnai cannonade. Tippoo immediately made a demonatration as if 
he designed to culoffthebaggaKeaf the British army, but Lufl Cim- 
va1lis,by drawing out bis r<^arguiu-(t, and musing the wa^inalo itoflle 
-nder Ihe cover of it, defeated the attempt. On the Sih of Maich, 
e day after the arrivnJ of the British army, the ravslry, niuler 
Colonel Floyd, wne aeni out to cover a reconnaiHWice ut the enri- 
neen towanls tlie east of the fort. Tiiey citnerted the rear of tbs 
enemy, as they thought, onsiderably detached frum the main army, 
and they imprudently attacked uid overthrew it ; but in the eager- 
B of pursuit they came guddei.ly upon a support of infanlry and 
la, whifh not only checked lliem, but Ciimpelled the victoni to a 
^cipitaie retreat. At ihia juncture Floyd received a muaket ah»t 
through both cheeks, which, thnush it did nut pn-veiit him from 
maintaininji bb seat on hnrBebnek, hindereil him from giving iir^Ien:, i 
and the men, left wiihoot a leiidpr, fell inln confusion. The encioy 
haalened to take advantage of the circunutanceg and uauled the I 
cavalry with a heavy 6re of aniall arma ; fortunately, however, a 
brigade uf inbntry, nnJer Majnr Gawdie, came up at (he opporliiM 
moment, and preveuted a tola! diecomiiture. 

S. BlSOlLOGE BEKlEaED tND TIHER. 

It was determined to attack the p?tlah by laaanlting one of the 
gates, and gnna were brought up bi bear against it, under Coloiwi 
Moorhouae of the artillery. On tbe 7tb the first barrier was gallandy 
carried, but the field-pieces were not Btrong enongh to force the 
~ ' , and it was necessary to bring up snme iS-pounden ti> perfbmi i 

work. In the mean time a vigorous Bre of musketry and rocket* 
from (he turrets galled tbe aasailanta, aud the troops were som^ 
what impatient of the delay at the gate in eonseiiuenee ; but M 
soon as a small npeniog was made by the artillery, Lieuttrnao* 
Eyre at the 86lh rei^meot, a itian oF very diminatire statuie. waa 
raiiaed on (lie shoulders of some grenadiers and paased ihrotmlb 
General Ueadows, who was preseui, called on the troops (a "aa^ 
port the little gentleman ;" they responded to ihe eaJl, advBMud 
thn>ngh (lis cate, and tbe place was eapturcil mlh the koa sf 
.iDen. The enemy tbe aamo evening mails an attempt lo 



'91.3 B&NGALOai BBBIEOED AKD TAKEK. 

petuli. and l!io strreta at the 






■ IPdKthwunl , 
iflict. Thii vaa tinnJIy ilix^iiled by an advunce witb tli« liajnna^ 
1 tbe Mysnre triia|n> were H»an drivea feim eTery fiiM, and 
n|K-lIed Id retire inia the Tori with a loia uf SOOO killed Mil 
unded. The cuiialtiea of tlie English wcrs nul i;r«t, but 
iingBl the killeil woa Cnlon.'l MourlioUBc, the highly diitinguiBhed 
diar wliu directed the srtillery. Tliia otGcrr liiid riu'ii frutn the 
tk»i and iliough oneducHied, had m*de liimielf a man of ai^ienee, 
1 K career of great Dgefulneaa and diatiiictiuii Reeined to be liefbra 
D : U lie roDjDianiled aenecal i-e»peul, he was houuiired wiih a 
tAio rimenl, at wfaieh tnu nbgle army aaaisted, and a mimument lo 
i memorjr hu been erected at the publio expenae in tlie church of 
ftdma. It was round impracticable to invest llie furl, and ao- 
r*Un|[); the garrieun was relieved fnim day tu dnj' with the utmoat 

EUlity : tta a cnnsequenoe the defence was maiiilaiiird with great 
I. Batteries were iievertheleaH erected and opened against it, and 
Mp WH* Uluiiterru|itedty pnmued, but during a full fortnight the 
ttgrau ot the benioj^ra did not keep pai^e wiili tlie fxpectittiolM 
' Uieir general. Vsrioua were the expedients adapted by Tippuo 
embarraBfi the aasailanUi. He tooli tlie op|ioi-tuiiity of a fos to 
~ UMe some fsuns aa aa to cDinmand the whale vf the trenchea 
flyiug sap : but no sooner did his guna open their Rre than the 
' ag party luriked out and roi-ceil them to he withdrawn hastily 
Uiey had done ony eeriouu mieciiier. Another lime he pushed 
qorpiof iuhntry with nine pirece of Hrtillcry in rear of the British 
' s^hut hia courage failed hiin before he made any attaok. The sap 
lEiniied to be piuhed forward, the batteries played without ceasing, 
1 at length a breach was elTuctcd, whicli, though lioth narrow and 
hi|l,LoTd Gimwallis resolved to attempt, hut kept his intention a 
infound secret until the moment of its execution. The breach had 
n effected on the 2Dtb, hnt Tippoo, either informed of ihe desigus 
the British genvral, or aotidpating his intentions, made a last 
rt to save the place. At dayhreakon the Slst one strong oidumn 
pettuh un the west ; another, supported by ten or 
I poet in a cypress grove about 1000 yards to the 
. iiilst the ninin body of the array drew out in battle Hrray to 
north. The British troops were iuimediately ordered under 
and Colonel Stuart's division was advanced, as if to turn the 
a right tlank, when Tippoo retired his (ii-st column ; but the 
■till maintained a menacing attitude, and a number of men 
MU busily employed opening embrasures on tlie psrapet of a 
pk, which might aweep the front of the breach and enKlade the 
^^'">h batteries. All thiabore a very formidable appeurance, for 
ComwsJlia found his anuuunition to fall short ; he nevertheless 
his enemy at hay during the whole of the day uf the 3lBt,but 
mined to hazard an sssault a little after ten the asmo night: 
lomiing parly accurdlngly quitted the trenches, nnd hod mode 
pragrvss be&re (ho garrison look tha aAarttt ■, \ka ChoNSSAm, 
fDrif/un,a distinguished soUicc, waaittainiiraioiA aJ.'Jaa'Wsi. 



e Biiiu 

1 wliiis 



64 ADTAVCE 07 OTBBE ABUIE3 JBTO MTSOBE. [a.D. 



iif hia men. Tlie HHWiilaulH uere mi?t with h lienvy bul iU-direeled 
6Tt. Tliey were puslicd furnsrri in ihree divUioiiB, wliich meetinf 
tt the apposite |;nie, Hprpad tlirsiiB^lves tu the Tight tnd leri nlong 
ihe ramparts, kui! id iera tlinii sn hour the phice was laken. A 
letrible Cftrnnee cnaiiei}, and imire timn 1000 bodies were comniitted 
tn Ihe grave by Ihe victora, ani in the iiuml>er thai of the bra** 
old bitlidar, who fell eword in band. Lord C«i-QWnllia scut In the 
Snllan to iaroi-m him of liis death, and that Ihe faodj should, if be 

spot of ground ivhicli the body of u soldier covers, when lie fslh 
the execution of hie duty, tii be [be most honourable that can be 
choseu for his ^^ve." He was buried by tlie British with military 
haiiuurs.Hod nu Bttended (a his final restiog-place by the most dhi- 
tinguisbed MuEtmlmuns of the British anny. Three hundi-ed <i the 
gsrrison are said to have been bayoneted at one gale, which wM 
completely choked up by the flying soldiers. The loss to the Britiah 
in the la&iiult was triHing, hut the siege from brfjioning to end coal 
them very dear. The cuoquest, however, whs an important one ; for 
the BritiBh arniy was now hxeil in Ihe heart of TIppoo'a dnmiiriun, 
and Imd tlie siege been raised, il is probable that the whole of the 
siege train must have been abauduued. 

3. ACVINCG OF OTHSR AbMIES INTO MlEDOX. 

Though the citadel of Bangalore tell on the night of the 21st, it 
was the SSth before Lord Corn waltis was enabled to move forwud. , 
It will he convenient, therefore, to aviul uurselvea of this interval to . 
notice the movemeots of llie other forces on the field in aid uf the | 
Go vemur- General's operations. Colonel Hartley, with a foroa con-- 
fisting of one regiment of Eumpeana and two hntlaliona of sepoys, ' 
with some field artillery, advanced from the side of Cochin la 
threaten the entrance of the Mysore by the Gujelhutty pass, laid faH 
In with a body of the Sultan's troops, amonnting to near iiOOO men, , 
under Hussein All, in a strong position near Cahcut. This leader, 
disdainiiig the cautions policy i>f his master, forthwith attacked the 
British, but was utterly defeated, the general bimself and MK) mm 
being made priaoners, and 1000 Lilled and wounded. Genend Aber- 
crombie.the Governor of Bombay, was marching from tlintpresidsni^ , 
in the direction of Mysore, with the hope of sharing in the honours 
of the w*T At the capital. By the 1st of March he had reached th* 
PoDdlchermm pass opposite to Cuunansee, which piftce had aorren- 
dered unconditionally, and here he was directed to remain until rurlbtt , 
orders. On the 4th of May he was commanded by express lo qtth 
that situation and make a forward movement, and he proceodMl im- 
mediately, with incredible labour and much suffering (for the wbnt* 
ifouutry had been devastated by Tippoo's ravages and huruinga), B 
Perlapatsm, about three marches distant &um Seringapalam, tmi 
passed tlic Gbsuta' range at tliat point. 

The armies of the Nizam and the Mabratlaa were at this tinw in 
actiuD ; the fbrmer Imd besieged and taken Copool, and th« laltar 
'u about to betiege Darwar, for which pnrpOM, aa ihtts troop* twd 



I J791.] 



iVAtLia Jot^tED nr tue nib.vu. 



a dptnclitosnt of Ear 



I 19,000 foot, till ilrr PunFmii Bhnw, kt Cnnm|iln , 

I Dkrwkr pmuRlurelj' nuuli! ended in % reji nine, and t1» liogc mntiau(d 
1b b« languidljr prosecuted till the fall ot B>n{[iilnre \rA to a propoml 
*— m the officer in oomniaiid to Riirreiider, Tlie oaptuw of I)nr*»r 
B folluwed b; tliat of llie Blroiig fiirt of Kliiii>r(;u], Mid b; the 
aaion uFevrry place uui'th uf Uid ToombuilJi'a. 



L Ci}KNvu.Lra II 









Loid C'lrnwallie having oblnined eomo promised Bupplici firotn tha 
Fb)rgKn,brolft! up on tlie SHtli aod niovitd toniii-da Deniihully. The 
Mjrwtn forcmiruck tbnlr tsnta on the eaino day, and moved kway 
)tfwMd> liallipare, ao timt botli unnius passed earli ntlier al the 
■""-"— let rf »1)0Ut three niilc* at dnybreak. Tippou'B ohjeet was to 
K battk, and h< Ihereforc eontiiiuod liia retreat, virxeting lili 
■H wlih tome diWciilty, tho infantry being under hia own par- 
command, corertd liy bis cavalry. The DritiBli prosswl linrd 
them, and so much diajierend his hori'c by the Ore tyf the arlil- 
tbal they were dHven Lack nn the font, who uuw broke into 
■kl eiilumna (o eflitct a rettvat by difTerent rautea. One bran 
V-pouuder uid Home ammuDilioii waygoas were taliun. Tile objeet 
vf the Govemor-Geiiorol'B niaroh wae to fnrm a jnnclton with till 
reinforcement uf cavslry promised him by tho Nizam. On tin) 13th 
i.r A[>ril lO.tKKI (if Nizam Ali'« horse joined the British army : their 
first Rppcninni'i' nng nnvel uid interratiiie- " It is iirobabia that no 
iiatioiin! or [irivnk' ciilh<ction of aiicirnt armnur in Biiriipe ooiiiaina 
any weapon ur nrlii'le of piTsoniil equipment which liiijiht nut have 
b«eii found in iliia inuttoj' i-rnwd ; the PnrthiMi bow aaa arrow, iho 
ir<in club of goyiliiii, siLltrrn <it every aga mid nation, hincoa of every 
lengtli and deticriiitiuii, und inntchlocKB i>f every form ; metallic 
hriinets '>t evei7 jiHiiei'ii ; aimpls derencss for ifao head, n «tcel bar 
d«Helidiag diaRonaliy as a. prulectiun to the face ; dofaiiceB of bars, 
toatNurelia<D<rork deau'cniiinH behind orontliiiBhouldcn; ouiroaies, 
ndts of amioUr or detached pitices for the arm; camplotc coati ot 
■mU In chainwork ; shielda, bucLlsrs, and qiiilied jaeketa, aabra 
proof; . . . above all, the total absenoe of everj' Bymplom of order or 
CiNidwitM or eommand, excppting gr'>n[is oollDctcd round their re- 
■IMtlwe flagB; every individual an independent warrior, ■Gir-iinp«1lGd, 
Mbetlng to be the cham|d<>ii whuso ringle arta was to achieve 
-•ielory. The whole eiUilniion pruHonting to the mind an Ima^ry 
■earceW "^"'^ allied to previous linprrssioiis iiF nnllty than the fiction* 
of an &stKm tale, or the picturuBipie disorder of a dmmatio scene >." 
Thoy were said to number IS.fKHI, but did not In reality noead 
10,000. The probability wbb (hat tliey would prove t burden rtttlut 
Ihuiaii mnaMnce to iJie British army. 'Cbe unifu«!A\i\\\Vj lAt'&'^l 

' miu-t HjilorinJ Sfcelelie. of the BouV\i (A ^n4\i,V\\.i;AW.- 



\ 



QB COHNW^LLIS JOINED BY THE IIISAU. [aJ>. 

on such a body for Uio cxemition of aiiy comliliied inovemenC wu 
obTiouB. Tliey wei-a kccordiugly diajiereed BmuagBt Ihe other 
troops i 2000 of the moat select were iittsclied (0 the reserve aiidw 
ColoDel FloyiJ, and pUoed Duder Mnjor Dali^i, in the hD|>e Ihiit his 
skill, conaillnEioD, uid exaoiplo, might render tliem of sonic eIRaiiuicf ; 
but It was >U to uo jiurpose, they could uever ba relied upon, A 
mors valusble reiiiforoeiueDt joiued on the lUtli ; 4000 or SOW men, 
under Colonel Oldh&m, were met kt Venislaithwry, with 700 EuM- 
pesns uid bu additiouill supply of provlaiouE tvom CsTuor. 

Lord Cumwnllis hnviiig thus ubiaiued ill the straugih he ex- 
pected, imiuMlmtely net lo work with energy to prepsni fur ths 
reduction of Tippoo's oapilsl befrnv the inonsoiiii. Tltia would 

■ prubftbly briug tlie wsr to a speedy lerminatiini ; snd the wiwct of 
European poUticK, which betukened au eurly war with Francv, 
tendered Ihe difhaultlFB of deferring such lui enterprise very gml 
indeed. The (general, however, wis very luueik distresaed by a d«fi> 
eienay uf trausport ; there were scarcely mors bullocks tiian w«ra 
uecesBiry fur meat ; and iint nearly enough for ilie iimnlity of pn- 

. "llo»- 
duOD their claims for BDCominodslion to the lowest praclicabie d*;{tt«t 
and, furllier, to cai-ry at their mru exptiiae twoorthwe bulliwk Inadt 
of shot and liheU, au nppeal whii^li to tlittr houuui- be it recordtid wat 
not made in vain. The Nixam's oaralry was tumeil to acoiiulit also 
ill this way, and they carried Hve lliuusaod 18-paiiad slinis on their 
horses. All cheerfully sacrificed their own uuuveuiunca lo llw 
siurvica of the army. 

On Ihe ilix of May the whole force was put in motion to advMM* 
to Serlngapaliin), and an txprens was auut to aciiualut " 
Aberaroiubie and to dcMi'c tliat ho would inaks a e<mu._ 
movemeut from tlio Malabnr lido. The nureh was made by a eir- 
euilouB route niaoh inttirrupleil by jungles, nvera, and raviuM, in 
tha hope of aviridiug the devasMtiou wIiirIi was aeriaiii to liave twM 
adopted along the direct road — the dsuuI policy of the MysoMUit 
being to doBlriiy wlialever roigtit sffoid relief to the nrcessttie* qf 
BU invading army, Coullagniliun iberef-ire bail been ordered In 
do iis woi'k — the |;raiu was tu be burned ur buried — not an in- 
habitant was to remain through itio exiutndod waste to suida th* 
steus of ihooe who wcro 10 wiLness nothing but dncrled huusa 
atid blighted ftrlds. Tippoo wu beforeliand with the Bnalish 

Seoeral, even in tiie route he M length selecird. The mar^ nf 
lie Bilti^ BTiiiy aei'ined to be over a country whvi-o soma ooo- 
vulsiaii of iiatui-o liad iwupl away every Imnian bving and evrf 



ling by 
e labou 



whivli liuniBU life could lie suuporled. 

---■-■'■ - ■ - - -lead of il ■ 



labour and much sulferitig tlie bead of tlie column arrivsJ 
aiBSUno funi-allvd Mantvelly, wliere some gnun was founil, bnl 
even this npiiri-tiiue and happy dinmivery <^d not prrcluila tho 
noootsitv of iwduviiig iha daily issue of ric« to half-«Ilii*«n<w. A 
^^IIm ISlh the head of the «ntutnn arrived at .Irkary or 
ai the banks of the Cavary, about bine miles ttwa f 






1791.] OOB^rWALLIS JOINED BY THE NIZAM. 67 

_^ • 

tain. A considerable body of the enemy was now visible at the 
distance of six miles in front; and it was ascertained that the whole 
army was encamped between them and the city, tiieir right protected 
by the Cavery, and their left by a chain of rugged hills, while a deep 
swampy ravine defended by batteries ran aiuug the whole of the 
front. Such information as could be obtained went to Hhow that it 
might be practicable to cross a ridge on the right of the English 
anuy, which might turn the enemy's left, and Lord Cornwallis 
immediately resolved to attempt it the same night. Six European 
regiments, twelve battalions of native infantry, one European and 
three native regiments of cavalry, and a few field-pieces were 
told off to march at eleven at night under the personal direction of 
the Commander* in*Chief ; but even before they moved a terrific 
storm, accompanied with thunder and lightning of the most awful 
character, burst forth. Vexed but not dispirited the troops pushed 
forward in profound silence, and at dawn of day fomid themselves 
within three miles of the enemy's camp. The approach of the 
Englbh was unobserved by Tippoo till they had begun to descend 
the heigiits on the eastward of the ravine, and the Sultan then 
immediately anticipated their object, which was to gain possession 
of a commanduig height on his left, and the arrangements he made 
in consequence have received the applause of no less eminent a 
military authority than Sir Thomas Mum-o. Tippoo Sultan dis- 
patched a considerable body of both cavalry and infantry with eight 
guns to seize the hill, and sent out some cavalry to hover on the right 
of the British advancing force, to check the rapidity of their advance, 
while he very promptly changed the front of his line to the left, covering 
one flank by a steep hill previously in his rear,. and the other by the 
ravine which had before defended his front. Lord Cornwallis imme- 
diately made the necessary arrangements for an attack upcm this new 
position. Nine battalions under General Meadows and Colonel Stuart 
were posted in a first line, and four battalions under Colonel Harris 
in a second, but before any disposition could be made for bringing 
these troops into action it was necessary to dislodge the enemy from 
the height. This task was assigned to Colonel Maxwell, who without 
artillery and with one column of infantry, having cavalry on both 
flanks, pushed forward with so much spii*it that the enemy in sheer 
fright drew off their guns; and with such rapidity and impetuosity did 
Maxwell advance that he came up with, and speedily broke, the line 
of the enemy's infantry, and even overtook some of the guns going off 
on the opposite descent of the hill ; the infantry rallied to defend 
them, but in vain ; he became master of the summit of the hill and 
of the guns. This i*apid success was the signal for the advance of 
the two lines under Meadows and Harris against the main body of 
the enemy, and the battle became general along the entire front. 
Colonel Maxwell bad been ordered after carrying the hill to leave a 
sufficient force to retain possession of it, and with the rest of his 
troops to advance and possess himself of the hills that covered the 
left flank of the main army of the enemy. He was rapidlv perform- 
ing this duty when Colonel Flg^d with the British cavalry charged 

f2 



COBS'iVjLLLia WITHDRAWS TO BAK04I.0KE. [a.D. 

rear nf tlio cnnoy's ivcrHiiting infantry and nearly destroyed tliem; 
but liis pri<^i'i!Bs being ehecittd hy a, kreor budy of infuntry wliieli 
rallied and mado a ■tand on gome ni&raliy gnund on which he conLd 
uoC act, Flofd withdrew liia men, and ai ihe mme nionient ili« 
cavalry o! the Nizam nlitch had falliiwid the Eneli*)) cavjiliy threw 
llieinselvea in aii unwieldy mwi in front of this wing of tlie Brilisb 
Uiny, the advance of which they impeded, while from the nature (■* 
Uie gruuud they could prove of no oervioe. Thus on invaliubli 
though ahurt space of lime was loat, which enabled Ihe eneniy tr 
avail themselves of the nid of the IwiterieB upon the island, and b] 
ntreating under their [irutBotlan,lueave their army in some confmnoD 
frotn entire destruction. 

It has been recorded on goed authority that the behnviour of ibn 
My«ore inbntry an this occaaioa was such as to excite both aauwioli* 
neat and ree|iect, and it was evident that the diflicully n( putilBe 
ihoni to flight waa greater than on previuna occaNons. They atood 
the Are of uiuakett^ till llie eiieiiiy's troo|ia were within a few yarib 
of tliem ; they defended every poat ; they rallied wherevar At 
ground waa favournble, and wliaii at last driven froni the lielil, Uwj 
rutreated witliout beitiR broken. It was iMt solely lotlieiniprovenH ' 
of their disciiiliiie that all ihia miKht be attributed ; Tippoo « 
himsi'lf in the midst of thetn, and the strength of the ^onnd, foH 
of riieka and mvxnea, afforded Lhem shelter everj" where, and m ' 
it difiioult to (oUiiw them. Theydid, however, at len^tih, fkll b 
within the intaud on which SaHngapatam stands, and the eity i 
becatne fully open lo ih* view of the pnrsuen. 

Before undertaking the siege of SorlngajiaUn), howovvr, Lerd 
CoRiwaltie thonglitlt prudent to endeavour to fbitn a jiiuctioa Willi 
Qeneral Aberimanbie, sod with this view, aflor ■ hall of two daji 
he marched his army to Coniambaddy, tlif iiird at that )ilaoa beiiw 
deiimed an eliglhla spot for omsiung the liver ; but tliia delay mrS 
abort nisreh revealed to hitn suoh aoinsulHciencyotnieanRlarBariT- 
injE on tliH siege, both in provisions and oatll?, the latter bring now n 
rwueed as to be alinnat rnlireiy iinflt for service, upwards of VtfiW 
iif them having pei-ialied since tlie opening uf ijte oampaign i ndl 
iiHt waa the deplorable coodiiiun of hia troop* who were anffcrlni 
fpum every kind of diioaac, oat even excepiina email pox. that Lara 
Uoriiwallia eaw ilia matter whs hopeless, and suddenly detemiiMd (ftr 
a tiiua at least) to abandon all a-ttempta against Tlppoo's MrongliaU, 
and sabmit tii tlie niurtHicalinn of relinqnialitng the fslr pmapMl 
ihal fortune seeincd to have olinuat brought within lila gisap,fov« 
later but surer triumph. He hul gained au advantage, and nKmi> 
Red hia upjinoent with thg biitemeseof a de^Mtt within eight of Ml 
•apilxl, but aa was said by old Sir Eyre Coots on ■ pomllel ihmmjbb, 
"he wuuld gladly have exchanged tho reputation olvialoi; fork bsi 
days* rioe." 

ft. LoHtj CoH.iwiu.iti wimiruwB nis Anttr to BA.vciALoftK. 

Aoeordlngly on the !Wtli nf Uay, exactly a week after hia ktri*>I 
M Ariken, ha prupared fur a retrugnde muveinanc. Unlota « ~ 



91.] TEK lunnATT^ ABMT JOi»B oonHWAiua. 



itly dispfttehod in Genciitl Aburanunbio, ivho wm in ponjlion 
Feiupauoi, (o full back willtiint daUj'. A porlioii of th« bcttnriuA 
In that hsd been propurod tor ihe niece wu dwtruj'iiil ; mma M 

Kwder wna thmwii iiiln wells, but antno wmb Isit behind in M 
ftteil Hiiid'H) lemple, where the MynununB nfterwanlii fonin 
^ *et flra la it, whiah dutrojvd tlie temple tni t greiit fxtrt of tt 
mofPeriitpttatniiliesliotKmlilioll vrvreburiod.uidouarf Kmna^ 
Bt nuide torenrryingthenrmy iMiok to Dingalai's. OalhcSftthlM 
Op* b*gan their rttreai, fttid bcbr* the oanolUNon of the ftml dmyr 
am a 1*11!* ^if of horae lunls Ihelr apiHunnno nn ih* — 
Ih* prinelfml calumn. Cnlonel jStuu't, who BniniilMliiiHl in til" I 
matty |irep>red to nilM their ktuc It, and the BHilili hiul bvijuii iu ' 
", when tn the KftU joy «nd eurririee iif the Brmy it prnvi-rl lo b« 
_ advuiovil ginrd ofR pDwerfuI M»hratt» furiHi i>f 30,001) men, which 
s nutreliiiiit uad«i' the eciniinaiid of Pur*miin Bhow and lliirry- 
nt, to ths support of the Briiish ni-my. Thin body of kiiKiliariea 
M beliered to li«ve Ih-mi n-.t l.-«s tlmii ISO mile* diitant ftwni tUtj 
' which they bo suddi-nly jiIik'.I. Imt iln'iigh 100 meaiengBr* hMfl 

MTitforwU'dtomin iiv tli. >r n|i]iriiiu-l>,uVBi7 one of Ihcm h^fl 

inleniepeed by Oio li^'lit ijmi>{in <>i 'I'i{<piiD. Tliei* MnUnitHfl 

teen occupied villi llie r<^dui.'li<^ii ul IIjiiuilt, when Ihey lieni'd'M 

B appnuchiDg liegeor Serliiga|iauiiii, HinMnsCandyjiraaMil forwaflH 

join the OovBrnur-Genenil'H army, ^M 

ThK MaHBATTl AhHY UICFJlPECTSriLT JOTNtI LoHIl CoBSW^I-IbB 

Hail the juncti'in uf the Mnhnllaa taken place tnmewhab '■rli^f 

heavy sacrifices madB by the ttritinh anny mifjbt have bHM 

vi, but KB it wne, their accewiim wnn mniit welcome TImH 

ought an ample supply of bullocks, and Inr^ elnrMi of all n'MI^ 

ry utiolee of conaumption, At a niomnil rjf norp iir>c'(l I'vorf ■ 

of provision at onee abounded for Ihr ns I *, 

% thnngh it did net authorizu a sull]<'i< . ' i 



„ , and, pnsiinK H iKilindrooK on the l/llh uf Jmir, the 

lltdar of tlie fort was eumnioncd, and induovd to aurrandor ; but 

I lame uicceu did not attend a aimilar nimmonii Co tha firrta 

Oootradroog and Savandrooj;;, which worn Ihsrariir* jinaKoil by, 

and the ni'my reaehcd Ban^lnre on the llth nf July. The firM 

matter requiring oonaidBriition now wna what wiiii lo be dnno with 

thn MahraCla aJliea. These had, in irulh, brnn){ht (Uppllca, hut did 

not imparl of their abundance to tho Eiigliiih olther frcaly or kth- 

tnitouaiy, and they gave Lord Comwallia nt ones to underatand that 

'* lysouid onlykeep tbefieldatall by bcingragularty anbaldlxad. The 

nenl waa in no condition to lempiir'sa, and at nnira took meaaurea 

wop tbeae nnprufitttlile Wanda, but who might \ituv« ilt.i(^n<TM V, 

Bif, in good iiuiDOur. Tliia itnpottatit ^itAW'nw.rj Xjomtxt- \ 

miged, Fiincr»m Show, with hiaanny wvdfc4B>*A^TOt«v^."^'^»'^'«*3 \ 
•^"t, proceeded by Sera to cnmiiieiVQe ik Mt\<» <A ivyiwi'!''™* ^ ** 



70 LORD C0KNWA1.LI8 BEDUCES THE nitl-FORTS, [A.B. 



7. LORB CORHWALLIS WiDPCES THE lIlLL-FotrS ABODdD BlS- 

Lnrd Carnwnllisnn Itiseide, was nol diBpaeeci tn remnin iillc: he At- 

ffir the efltablishnitiut of a chnin of teitKhla puBLH all the vvtj from 
Marirns (o Sen ugaiw tarn, by whi-ch the trannii: of nuiipliea might ba 
here&ftcr fHcilitaled, when tlie arm)' ehould ni^in be called upan to 
UBKinble befuro the enemy's capital. Ti|<t)oa mu in no condilioD 
to stir frtim borne : the lanie severe weather that had dratrof ed 
half Lord CorumiUiB'B cavalry and nearly all his bullocliB, iy»» 
perienced in an equij degree by the Sultan, nbilst hti means of 
cniiliDg hia atrenKlli were very greatly iliinioiBhed. HIa nipply of 
hnraea, for example, wu derived chiefly from the countries of the 
Nizam and the Mahmttaa, both of which, in conaeqnence of tb> 
war, were now abut against bim. Hi" infantry, aEAtn. waa a good 
deal diminialied hy the game disensea that had raged in the British 
lines, and be scarcely now held any portion of iiia domiDioo* 
bej'ond a belt around hja capital, from which lie could draw n- 
cruilB. Here and there a Blru-Dgbold was s^ll gnrtisOQed in hb 
name, and ngainat these Lord Coruwallis nuw advanced. On Ihe 
lath of July the army was ag^n in motion Inwards the forts «t 
Oasoor and RAyncottah, which commanded the Policade Ghaut. On 
his approach to the former the gsrriBon evacuated and blew up llie 
fori. Various forts were also taken posHession of, Rome of then 
witliont resistance. Prnm OsBotir the British army moved in the 
directi'm of the Policade and Rayacottali pnsBes through the Gbanta, 
which were defended hy forts. Rayaccittah was not so easily al^ 
lained. It was defended by successive ranges of worlis and gar« 
risoiied by flOO men; and so eoiilldeut was the killidar in tlla 
strength of his works and hia eafrtson, that he not only rejected tin 
summons to surrender, but fir?d on the flag that brought it. Il 
was accordingly invested on the 19th of July by a brigade under tW« 
command of Major Gowdie, who sent forward a delachment of 366 
men with guns to attack Ibe (lettah. The gate was snou blown 
open, but the garrison kept up a brisk fire on the assaiianla fmm 
the upper and central works. Major Gowdie headed the atlacka, 
and tarried several sucoesMve gates. nnUl, □□ the morning of Ifaa 
'Mlh, he obtaiued the lower fort by assault, and soon aflerwanh 
gained puesesaiun of two walls Mfhlch formed an lulermedials do- 
lenee between this lower line and that on the summit of the hngh 
prpcipitouB rock. He now sent b&ck for furtlier assiBtanec, and two 
breach ing-guiiB were aent to him on the 22nd, with a reginieui. while 
the miuD army made a demonairation of advaucing to hia support. 
On this appearance the killidar eurrenderod. 

ItwasDcoceaary totakc advanlajteoflhemDntluof An|[UBt,Seploni- 

hcr. and October to clear the whole valley of Baramahal, in orwr In 

ihliali a future baau of operations. Fur this ]iur]"we tlw hilUfurM 



HTfll.] LORD COBNWAtLIS REDCOEB THB HlLt-FOKTS. 71 



^Bk> the norlli.ensllaf Btingnlore, though nfinrcriarlmpnrtanw, reijiured 

HtO be secured. Acoordinslj.B orpawiiB formed to rediifie tllBin ; Giiw- 

~ die's brigade, to which were jwlded the 4ih butlnlion nfMadru inf&ntry 

nod Cn|>tain Keid's native hifantry, wera n]ip<iinted far this 

On the 14tb of Septiinber the force was cncaoiped within ii] 

I of Raj'tnanghBr, and on the lUih that place was iaveaied . 

17th the batlerieB opened with greet eHcct, and in a few day* the 
fort aurrendered at discretion. Thefiirtreaaof Nandidroog, aplaceof 
gmtt Btieagth, about aerenty miles to the luirtli of SeriDgapatani, 
between GHn};alnm and Gurumundu (it ia built on the Euminit of ■ 
mountun 1700 feet in heiglit], was bo formidable aa to require tha 
army to lake tlie field in order to deter Tippoo from making an 
ntlempt to intcrmpl the aiegc. No labour had been spared to add 
to its strcDgch. The iteep and ragged grsnite acclivilv on which the 
fort was bnilt, and the two valla of mnaonry at the diatanoe of 
eighty jnrds from each other, with cavatiera and towers, by which 
tia approaohea were defended, demanded nieaiis of aHack of greater 
•jiowor than those fortreaaes that had ali'eadj fBllcn, Willi inirediblo 
Wbour and great Iohs of men guns were carried tip the hill, and at 
the end of lin«en days a battery «f eight emhrasurea woa conalructed 
in the uoeot within 60O yards of tlie wall ; but it waa only after an 
ineeannt fire, well direeled for Bin auecessiire days, that some prac- 
Seable breaches eould he elTected in it. Tlie fire wax vigorously 
ivtnraed from the fort, and the killidar refused to liaten to any 
torms of sniTcnder. Lonl Comwallis, therefore, advanced his army 
Id within a few miln of the place, and General Meadows was directed 
•oan after midnight on the I9tb of October to march to the assault, 
srhich waa made simul laneoualy at two brenehes. The onomy were 
prepared to receive the aaa^lanta with a lieary lire of muaketrj and 
rockets; but mure injury was inflicted by atones of immense site 
■Dd weight, that were rolled down upon the troops as they as- 
eended. The judicious arrangements made by General Meadows 
fcr the assault were howover carried into effet-t. Immediately be- 
Ibre the troops advanced on this difficult and dangenioa enterprise 
■imie pcTHin nbserved that a mine was sappoeed to be laid near the 
brcHcli. General Meadows with preaeneeof mind and equal apirit in- 
stantly anewered, " that if a mine waa reaily there it could only he a 
mine of goM," and dashed on without anotlier word. The oasailants 
not only entered the breaches, but forced the gate of the inner wsll, 
and the resiat»nca was not long proti'BCted. On seeing the firm 
advanoe of the British the garrison became clamorous fnr surrender, 
and the commanding officer, whose name was Luft All Beg, was in 
despair. He was a man of lofty rank, having been associated by 
Tippoo in the embassy he had sent to Conslantiuople, and atood high 
in Uie esteem of his sovereign ; hut his men, in defiance of hia exer- 
tions, left him, descended the wall by ladders of ropes, and escaped 
through the jungles; others, abandoning their posts, fled for shelter to 
thepriacipaj ptgodi, in which they »iliBe(\ueM\^ (,iiiTinAcTCi-,^'ai>-'I>*» \ 
1^ greater noraber escaped over tb« ifirec\p\ces Bl\ 1\\t \imV -A ■Ows \«iv \ 
LjrfUt All Beg and the aecand W\Mm aiivcenieiii 'Sqmow^-*'* 



72 TIPPOO'S FOECE AH3ArLT8 COIMBi.TOBS. lx.0. 

prisoners. Tlio i-cilucticin of Nundidrnna was TuUowed by the du> 
paWli of a deiocliment under Colonol Mnxwellln to Banunalisl, (0 
oountemct the depredatians of a force of MyBnrenni under tlie aoa- 
maud of Bnliir Saliib, sou n( (he gRllnnC killidar of Dirwar, made for 
tlie purpose of incnpacitatiag that district tinta coatributin)t to tlis 
Bopplies of the Dritiati nrm]'. His ejection from the ralley hm 
speedily eSected, and the pellah of KiBtnngherr; destiojed, bo as to 
leai'e die enamy's predatory parties no cover there. 

8, Tippoo SEMDs 1' Force to as9iitlt Coisibitorb, wHrcii is 



While these operations were taking pl&ce, the Snltsn reoeivtd 
jntelligeiice tliat tlie district of Coinibnlore, situated to the Kmth of 
Seringnpatain, was occupied by a very iooaneidernblc force, and 
aceoi'dingly he sent off a detachment tu subdue it. The defence of 
Ctninbatore, bath province and fart, together with that of Paligml, 
had been enlmsled to Mnjnr Cnppage, vho, deeming tfa* fort 
of Coirabatore incapable of suaLaiuinf; A siege, had removed tlw 
heavy guns and stores to Faligaiit, but left the town of Coini- 
batora in charge of Lieutenant Clialuiere. This active and enter- 
priuog young ofHoer, iuatead of idling his time, made use of hii 
leisure to examino ihe guns th.it bad been oast aside as unservico- 
able, and found Ihe means of remunnting some of them, and with 
these and a few swivels, toeetlier witli a quantity of damaged 
powder and 500 shot, he determined to make a stand for a 
few days in the event of the fort ever being attacked. Tlua ap- 
prehension was soon converted into a certainty. The place ww 
mvasCed by a fbrce of 200(1 infantry, a ooDBidemble Imdy nf caraU^a 
eight gnna, and a. number of irregular trooiia on Ihe 13th of Jam, 
Chalmers had but au iuilifferent garriaon, cousistiug of 120 topaMM 
sod SOO Travaneureans, viho, wlieii they did not run nw«y, wer* 
most difficult people to keep in subnrd illation ; nererlhelm, tha 
Lientenant, nothing daunted, refused U listen lo the summoii^ 
which was repeated after the expiTation of two days without offeat : 
and after the coustmction of a battery by the MsailanU ft iMfj 
summons was equally disregarded. The be^isgcra aconniiugly bagw 
to Srs from their liattery, and the shot did considerable injury tR 
the works, which gave the little KajTison sbundunt employnieul to n< 
pair. Another, a third, and still inolheT battery were constrtMtodi 
and a vigorous fire of guns and rockets was niuiiitaine<l. LieutcniM 
Chalmers bad prepared several eiifiks Hiled with soinbustibln, wlildl 
were placed on tho nunparts to be used agamst ihe enemy if the* 
attempleil An esonlndo, which appenred to have been intended ; ua 
M the danger increased, the mines wero loaded' and the (UM 
blocked up with earth and atones. The store of sirot begiiiniug to 
ful, hammermen were actively employed in maUng iron dnga te 
supply the deficiency of balls. The works of the besieKvra wero noir 
within Rhy yards of the walla. Tlie store of oinmuniUon wu nMrly 
exhausted ; the woundal were numerous, and without uiedinl as- 
sistance ; the Travauoore people wvro also clntDorous fur a surren- 



1791.] TIFFOO TAKES COIHBATOBS. 78 

der ; but these bad for their cominander a young Frenchman named 
De la Combe, hi the service of the Hajah, and he refused to listen to 
them. The siege had lasted nearly two months before the enemy ven- 
tured on a general assault. This was done on the 1 1th of August, in 
five distinct attacks ; the first struggle was at a point defended by 
young De la Combe, whose personal gallantry had so beneficial an4n- 
fluence over those he commanded, that they opposed to the enemy a 
fierce resistance ; nevertheless, he was almost overpowered, as was 
also Chalmers, who was personally engaged in defending the weakest 
point of the works. The barrels were therefore thrown over into 
the midst of the assailants, and one of them exploding amongst a 
crowded mass of them, the fortune of the day turned; the be- 
Btegers gave way ; and as party after party retired from the ram- 
parts, their discomfiture was increased by hurling down upon their 
heads vast pieces of rock. The conflict lasted two hours ; but the 
number of ihe enemy's dead left behind them, on the ramparts and 
in the ditch, exceeded the entire strength of the garrison by whom 
the place had been defended. 

It was not fitting that such men should be abandoned ; and though 
a due regard to the safety of Paligaut prevented Major Cuppage 
from doing much for their relief, he afforded them some assistance 
by adding to the permanent strength of the garrison some revenue 
troops under Mr. Macleod, and a company of sepoys commanded by 
Lieutenant Nash, thus increasing the garrison to about 700 men. 
With the aid of this reinforcement the enemy were driven from the 
pettah, which they had still continued to occupy. 

9. COIMBATORE BESIEGP.D AND TAKEN BY TiPPOO's TrOOPS. 

Scarcely, however, had Chalmers time to repair the breaches in 
the works, and make other dispositions for defence, before the 
enemy reappeared. The force now brought up was commanded by 
Kummer-oo-Deen Khan, with 80Q0 regular infantry, fourteen guns, 
four mortars, and a large body of irregulars and horse. This chief at 
(moe retook possession of the pettah without opposition, and erected 
batteries and opened approaches under the cover of a heavy fire, to 
which the besiegers could very inadequately respond. But Major 
Cuppage determined to make an attempt to force the enemy to raise 
the siege, and advanced with three battalions of the Company's 
sepoys, two of Travancoreans, and six field- pieces with this object. 
Kummer-oo-Deen, leaving a body in the trenches, marched out with 
the remainder of his force to meet Cuppage, and found him in the 
vicinity of a pass where the woods of Arivally terminate and the 
plain commences. The Khan nuide a demonstration of getting into 
Cuppage's rear to occupy this pass, so that Cuppage fell back to 
defend it, which he did successfully after a severe action ; but 
alarmed for Paligaut he forthwith returned thither, and Kum- 
merv relieved from all further fear of interruption, resumed the 
siege of Coimbatore. The fate of this place was now sealed ; all hope 
of relief was at an end ; a wide breach was soon rendered practicable, 
and the sap carried to the covered way. Chalmers and Nash were 



74 lOBD C0B(1W41.1,I8 CAPTOBES SATAjrSBOOQ. [aJ), 



both wounds, aad tliere whb nothing for it but fiurrender on iht 
moai favournlile terms llioy coiUd obwin, und the fort vta Jtivtn 
nvKF to Ilia cnnquercirs on the 3rd of Nnrember. 143 daj-s after it 
had been first invested. It was atipulattJ that (he guriiun ahouU 
be permitted to inarch to Paiieaiit, but this was violated, and after a 
detmlian oflliirteeii da>'a at Cuimliatore, the prisoners were nurched 
off to Serin KB patam and exposed to nil kinds iif crueliiea and indig- 
nities. What became of the TtBraiicureana and their gallant 
French leader, De la Cunihe, is not luvtitiuued. 
10. Lord Coekwjllib isaiuLrs *kd capibres Saiimdbooo aim 

OOTRADBOOO. 

Lord Comwallis had in the mean time determined, !f poeaible, to 



nature and ai 

was biult on an immenBe nwk of granite on the lop of the GhlDI 
iBn|^,and «aid lobe uf theperpe-udicularbeightnf aroilcriangfrDm 
a base eight niiics in circumrerence. On every side it is securod bj 
thick and well-dispoeed walla ajid barriers, which teem to set al 
defiance all hoelile approach, whilst at the distance of two.third* 
or ita total elevation the auuimit is divided b^ a deep chasm int* 
two citadels, each inilependeut of the otiier, and both flanking 
each otiier. The surroundintc eoiuitrif is ■ jungle seven! miles in 
depth, and defended by thickets of planted bamboos, but the at- 
mosphereuf these jungles is conadered to be extroinely noiinua, ao 
that from all these ciroumstauccH combined, the fort haa received tlM 
name of Sarandroog, or, the Roi^k of Death. 

The conduct of this siege was entrualed to Colnnet Sluart, and tin 
force anigned Id him, in additinn to a powerful artillery, etmairtoj 
of two European and three native regimenls. The remainder ottba 
army was disposed so as to watch every avenue from SeringapUam 
by which the operations of the st^e could be disturbed. On Ula 
lOtli of December Colonel Stuart pitched his camp within thiM 
miles of the nunh side of the fort, which «as determined npoa w 
the point oTBtlacle. The first operation was one of vast labour wild 
difficulty ; it was to cut a road fiiim tlie encampment to the fool of 
the mount«n over reeky precipices and throuiih a thick forest of bam- 
boos, and, aa soon as it was made, the next job was to drag tlie fpan 
by main force along it. Nothiiig daunted by auch difficulties tiM; 
wera al length oiercume. and on the I7(h two batteries opetMid 
against the place, one al 1000 yards, and the other at 700 yards' dis- 
tance, by which llie defenceii of the walls were much damaged. Ua 
the t9th another battery was opened within 2M ^-ards. to tb« 
ODurve of tliat and the succeeding day a practioable breach <**■ 
formed, and orders given to storm it on the following momine. Th* 
b«mboo forest wliioh had been > source of dilGcully in makiuf tlw 
road, was found of service in covering a eloaer approadt to iIm 
attack, and under its ptolection, and that of crevices and jagged pnnk 
of the rock, a lodgment was maile for the troops willrin ttteat; yarte 
of the brvach. Tlw alarming party waa directed to Four dimvMft 



I 1791.] LORD COItJfWAlLIS CAPTUnE§ OOTBADBOOH. 75 



m atUcka, xnd the hi>UF Rxei wu one liour bcfDre noon. On the HiRnnl 

I being giv™, one [inrty under Iho oominnrid of Lieut.-Cnionol Nesbitl 

I mdvknoBd to alonn the enatern hill, liiit fin thd ikpiicarance of the 

I Engliah advance the Rarriiwii tvtru Hcized with panic mid Sad, uid 

I the Mutem hiU-fiirt was carriud witlmiit mcetinj; or even orertBbing 

F ' Iho eBaniy. The alUck on the weeteiii liill was thiiuuht lo be a 

I work of greater diilicultr, and Cn|itiiiu Monwn, to whuni iC wns 

mtnlited, wan directed eitlier to advaiicu or not «b (HrcumatanceB 

niijcht reniler it exgwdlfnt. The oRiccr ju eammand of the citadel 

hnving witneoBed the thBudaninent -of iheeOBleni hill. «nd lUu HCent 

oT tile Enfiliili tnmpa □□ thut eidii', tiude n aally for the purpiwe at 

(■king them in flank, when he wns nnexpi-cKuly met among tha 

i-ocke by CitptAJii Monsou'e party, who immediately turned atiainal 

liiem and fallowed them up to llie Rate, which waa in the sol of being 

eliwad asatiul them, when the man wui fhet in Ihe act by a aerjeuit 

ot (he 71>t ragirnant, and thii Englisb rushed in and carried every 

huur and in open di>y the atupetiduus fiirtress uf Savaudroog «■■ 
carried by alurui with no other casualty than one man wounded. 

The npxt place to be atlempled wait OotFndrootf, a furlteu aome 
txelro niijca in advance, Kcarcvlv ot iufet'ioT atrength and impurt- 
antw, A twconnainanoe waa rnai3e upon it uu the 23rd, and a 
euinmnna wm aent in and flred al, but nu the 24th the fort waa 
attached in a manner for which the hillidar waa not prepared. It 
naa rcaolTed to attack the petlali, and aceiirdlngly a number of Held- 
piccue were rnn dnwu early in liio momitig to B|)puinled stations, 
•nil under cover of the firg of these (Upuunders, an escalade uuder 
the oiimniand of Cn|ilaiii Scott of the Bengal infantry cnniinenced 
upon the iwttah, which waa found to be abandoned, and ubuut nine 
oolnok tbe tmopa advnneed to ibe fort. The side of the rock 
aawulted rose at an angle uf abciut 36% and was defended by seven 
ramparts rising one above another. The ordera given to the 
arlillvry were, that as fast ns one wall shnuld be carried the guna 
were to open over tlie heads of the Aaaallanla againat the next wall, 
and ao on iu auecnsaion for tlie purpose of keeping down the fire of 
tJie garriaun. A lirahniin was met in the way, who aaid he waa 
dupuled by tha garrixon to give mkBurniice of their aurrender DOt- 
"ithxtaudiug tlie killidnr's residution to the contrary', but it aoou 
tircanio ap|iarenl that this was a mere feint, and that the object waa 
'■■ ;.-jiii> litiio for preparing « more eflieieut defence. The aasault 
',' ri I iri< puntinued. and Caplnin Snitt advaneed under cover of the 
'• ,-■■ I'U'i'H, and wnll attar wall waa carried succeaaively and ra- 

I . : } nv uf the gateways were forced b^ tlie pioneers, but moat of 

Ik-' I .Luipui'ta were canied by escalade. The aaioniahment of the enemy 
V a» ■» gival at ih* rapidity and vigour uf llie aaaaull, that their flr^ 
iluiniih heavy, waa dcaultory and for the muat part thrown away, and 
ui soon aa a single Rnropean alinwed hia face they fled precipitately. 
Perceiving theia algna of eonatei-imtlon ainoilust tbe enemv. the 
sMoilants nitackxd with a vnlonr and i' 



78 THE UAHKA.TT&S DEIEAT TIPPOO'b ABMr. [i-B, 

bfivnn?!, precipitBted themselves henilloni; fmm the Tock. So grMl 
hod been Iheir fear of the Engliiili that it nppc&rs they had IT" 
tinied when c&lled npon to derend the place, and 400 mea t 
deaerbid in the night. The liillidsr was eecnred, and a enat 
purl of the Rarrieon killed, but nuthiug could mon BtroDgly muk 
their insistent defence thnn the fact, that when M the Ust fale- 
wky diey attempted some reBisCance, and fti-ed a few musket uiots, 
tiiey only slightly wounded two ii'ldien of Ibe 7Snd regiment, 
which were the nnir caeQalliea of the day. Itamgurry, and ■onw 
Other furls of inferloF importance, were then taken with little tmuble, 
and thus a direct and safe ciKninunicBtioii wan established with' 
Madras and tlie depdta in the renr nf the British nriliy, and ■ i _ 
to the cnpital of Mysore opened for the full force of the torrent whi^ 

II. The Niziu obtains Posaesaio^ of Gordhoukd*. 
The proceedings of the annies of (he Nizam iind the MahnttH 
after they sepamted from Lord Comwallis were not very importuH. 
The former wns employed in besioginj; Goi-unicunda from AugiM to 
NovembHr. Their artillery ivas ineHectual to breach the fort, and U 
sopply the deflciency other guns were dispatched by Lord Corn- 
WalllB anur the fall of Nundidrnog;. SCilt nothing waa eSacled til) 
Captain Read, whooomnianded the British cantiiigent serving with lb* 
Niiam's army, offered tu put him in posseBsiun of the fnrt, if hewwr* 
eutmated with the exclusive mannjtenient, ollierwise he thrvaCentd 
to quit them altogether. The offer woe nei-epted. Read thetefiH* 
ooostrueted a battery of two 2li-ponudorB and two IB-poonilera. and 
in two dnj-B effected a practicable breach. He fined the night ot lh> 
7th Nuveinber for the namnlc. The only Eurnpenlra with tlia detkiA- 
raent were his arbllerymen, who vnhintuered to iitrit their guns tai 
l«ad llie othera to the assault. By these menna the lnwer fort OM 
captured anil given over to the choi^ of Nizam All's tnnpa, bnl 
Ihey did not beep it long ; for tlie main ni'ray wns moved fVon tti 
nsiehbourfaood aboDt the middle of December tovrKrds Kolar, to 
twsist in the protectioii of some Camatic convoys, when on the 8I«I^ 
Hyder ^nhib, the eldest sun of Tippoo, appeared before Goi-nracunda 
with an army of some 12,000 horse and fuot fbr the re-cipiiii'e nf the 
plMe. llnliz Jee, who was left in eommniLd,snppoun); this initookcd- 
for appearance nf troops to be merely sume pinndomrv, siUlied out 
on im elcpliant to recunnintre, accompanied only liy a lew ImreemeD, 
but he soon found nut his mistake. Ho was e^ieeiiily Burrimmled and 
made prisoner, and the lower fort iniTneilialely aeiitiil, tnj'iHhrir with 
the whule of the Mogul gnrriHon, Thus this rec«al iKquiBitiim easily 
■ fdl again into the hnnds of the Mysore ti-onpa ; but the ooiii|aesl wa« 
not of any importance, for it was speedjtj' restored Uj lliu NJiant 
by the English detachment. 

IS. Tut MlBUATTAS QEI PoinSBION OF HoDLr-QllOItS AND PKTUT 

Tippoo' a Abmv. 
The flnt Bttempt oF the Mahmltu had been npdn a hlll-fort oal 



1791.] THE MAHBATTiLS DEFEAT TIFFOO'S ABMY. 77 

Kinooop^, which they soon captured. Purseram Bhow next proceeded 
to attack a fort called Dooradroog, which he could not take, and 
accordingly passed it by, continuing his mai*eh towards Chittle- 
droog. This place was found too strong for attack, and the attempt 
to buy over the killidar was unsuccessful. Baffled therefore in the 
attempts to get these places by treachery, the Mahrattas passed on, 
coneoliug themselves by plundering wherever they could, until, on 
the 18th of December, they amved near Hooly-Onore. Captain 
Little, commandin;^ the British contingent serving with the Mah- 
rattas, determined to attack this place, and proceeded to reconnoitre 
it. The pettah was gained with little difficulty ; from thence some 
guns were opened on the fort at a distance of 150 yards ; and a 
breach having been effected, the fort was stormed with success and 
without the loss of a man by a party under the command of 
Lieutenant Moore, who recorded the adventure with the simple 
remark that " the fellows ought to have been ashamed of themselves 
I for making so pitiful a defence." It was not intended to have 
I allowed the Mahratta plunderers, or looties, to enter the place, 
I but as soon as the news of the capture of the fort reached the 
. camp, though the gates were shut and the ladders removed from the 
I breach, they succeeded in getting inside, when the work of devas- 
tation and plunder became general. On this the Mahratta General 
sent orders to the British detachment to quit the place. Of course 
thin order could not be disobeyed, and accordingly those who had 
won the prize were ousted by those who had not in the slightest 
degree contributed to its capture. The fall of this place led to the 
immediate submission of all the fertile distiict of which it is the 
capital. After this the Mahratta army and Captain Little's contin- 
gent force proceeded to Simoga, and to the forts on the rivers Turn 
and Badra. Apprehensive that the Mahratta force would cross these 
rivers and invade the districts of Canara and Bednore, from which 
the Sultan drew his supplies, Tippoo had sent an army of 8000 men 
ai)d ten guns, under his relation Riza Sahib, for their protection. 
Those were now strongly posted with their right on the river Turn, 
their front covered by a deep ravine, while their left was defended 
by a jungle deemed to be impenetrable. Riza's object was to lie 
quiet till the siege of Simoga had commenced, and then to fall on 
the rear of the Mahratta force simultaneously with a sortie from the 
fort. This being icnown, it became of importance to dislodge them 
forthwith. The fnrce doHtined to the attack on Riza Sahib was com- 
posed of about 1000 British sepoys, with four guns, and 600 Mahratta 
infantry, while 4000 Mahratta cavalry were posted in the neigh- 
bourhood. On the 25th of December this force crossed the Budra, 
and on the following day the Turn, both of which were at the time 
furdable. On the 28th Captain Little directed the main attack by an 
EMiauIt upon the centre of the enemy, while other parties were detached 
to attack the right and left of their position. After some time, durins 
which the contest on the part of the English was maintained with 
spirit, the Mysoreans were driven back from their posts by the division 
on the left, and three of their guns taken. Captain Little instantly 



punhod the enomj in llie CL-ntrv snd furci^d them onwardg for Sts 
rnilu. wlien he camn up with tlie remaiiiitig mien of the Miernr'l 
gDiu, which he csptured, and continued Ills pursuit till he liod iTw- 
pcnnl the whole corps of Ri» Skhib, Thi« aotion hu brwii regardtd 
u one of tho niMi brilllanE of tlie wnr. A> soon ns Ilie «ainp wm 
olHrtho HkhraliM poured into it, anil round on tnormouH ainoanl 
at plunder, with wliieh thry aated themitekei ; whilst Captain Linli 
pursued the enemy, the Tlaliah eHcapiii^ with ISOO lurantrj' ftndWO 
MTalry tn the fort of Culydmn);, Tlie sini;e of Sinioga had oow la 
be pmaeeiltcil, hut a battery af Hva f^iiiiaelTected a praetieable famdt 
after four itnya* ffrini;. All wu ready fur the storm, when tha furl 
Mnitulnleit on the Slit. 

rlnihed with liin sufcsbs, the Bhow now tumeil hie foes towardi 
Bednore, but here he fniiutl Kunimer-on-Deeu piiateil with • 
Myanrsan army quite iiraug enough to iito|i his furihcr trinniptuuit 
progrcM. 

13. Win UXTWKK.1 TUK lluasuNS Axa TuaKt. 

Tlio war between the Ruuiaus and TurUa was renuwcd id (ha 
spring. The Qraod Vizier again (brmed a omwdarable aiiny, Mtd 
fouglit wine actiona of no grent import with ocoasiuiuU suooaBM* M 
irilher side. The Ruwiaas made frequent ircuptiuua acruH the Dtr 
Dubs, and the Turku were un (he 6th of April defeated on th« Bui- 
Barian aide by frinee Galiiziti ; tlie Turltieh cavalry beiDg thrown 
uto diaoi'dor by die KuBaian artillery, and routed before the inlliatC7 
ooutd come tu thoir aupport, I'his inisrortune ocoasiotied atwli k 
panic M ended in a geoentl retrmt uf the Turliish nrmv. 

Another Rumaii army in'ailed the provinee of kuhan. The 

Turks bad Inlrsiiahed thuiiiMlvi'a almusiy in a furtiRud camp 

Anapa, with a force eoiiiistinK of ]n,IHH)'t'ur)u and )G,CKKI Circaa 
and IWlara. General OiAluvioh altaclied theui in puiiiioii at 
•ight o'clock In the nioniiiig uf the 3i-d of July, and art«r a meat 
dasMnie and blowiy enngeuieni, wliiuli luatwl for live houn, li« 
l*d in «tiimiiog the catiip and town, though evvry foot of 
1 WM obstinately diaputod ; iha alaughler was grmt un both 
■eveiiiy-ono pieen of artillery and several Pachaa of rank wen 
itutvd. Another bloody aOWir came ou a few days later on the 
e of Bulgaria, where the 'i'ui-ka were agaiu defeated near Matchtn 
OB the Itth uf July by Prince llcjjuiu. 

14. pKKUtllNJiniKS aiUNKD tt G*UTI— PEICB OV J*UT. 

TbeH were the last oclions of ihie cruel war, which for camaga 
and cruelty oxcwds any uthor linowu in modern hislury. Uuih partlM 
wm weuned of It, and the ilisti'L-awa uf thv Porte had baeuma so 

Seat, and the danger* tu whicli it was reduevd ao luinilaHnl, that 
e Onmd I^eignlnr waa obliged tuauliniit to inaTllabla neDB«aily,«Bd 
■event uf such tarnia a* the KnipnMia wua ]ilaa*ed to dictate. As- 
eordingly un the 11th of Augual pi'vllmiiiariva ww* a g r uu d un at 
QftUtx, wiiioh ripeued into the Peaes uf Jnuy, ooooladed balwMn 
ADMia and the Pwte on tli« Uth uf January, Hvi. 



tide 



1791.] BEGINNINGS OP THE PEENOH BETOLUTION. 79 

16. Affair of Nootka Sound between Great Britain and 

Spain. 

In the spring Great Britain was on the eve of war with Spain on 
aocoont of Nootka Sound on the north-west coast of America. 
Spain had seized a small fort, which was intended only as a defence 
Against the natives by a small association of British merchants from 
the East Indies, who established a factory there fur opening a trade 
to supply the Chinese with fura. The Spaniards conceived some 
jealousy at this intrusion of the English in a part of the world that 
tliey regarded as their own, and a Spanish frigate of 26 guns was 
dispatched from the Vice-royalty of Mexico, which in July, 1789, 
captured two English vessels lying there, and took foFmal possession 
of the little settlement. The British government notified to that of 
Spain ** that this act of violence necessarily suspended any discussion 
till an adequate atonement had been made,*' and Parliament voted 
a million to back this dignified reply, which in a short time induced 
Spain to concede the point to England. 

16. Congress at Reichenbach. 

As soon as this dispute was settled, the British, jealous of the ag- 
grandizement of Russia at the expense of Turkey, had assembled 
at Reichenbach a congress for a defensive alliance of the other 
powers, when finding all pacific negotiations met by the Czarina with 
a refusal to admit of any interference between her and Turkey, the 
Minister, Pitt, demanded an augmentation of the naval forces to 
enforce some check to the dangerous advances of Russian ambition ; 
but more pressing demands on the sympathy of the European 
powers put an end to this dispute. 

17. Sbttlbment of the Dispute between the Emperor and his 

Belgian Subjects. 

As soon as Leopold had got free from the Turkish wars he had 
leisure to turn his attention towards his Flemish subjects. Since 
their revolt the Belgian States had exercised all sovei*eign authority 
in the provinces ; but a struggle soon ensued between the aristocratic 
and democratic elements of it. Two distinct parties were formed in 
the States, which afforded an opportunity for the Emperor to iuter- 
Cere. Accordingly, as soon as he was raised to the throne he issued 
a manifesto, engaging, under an inaugural oath and the guarantee of 
Great Britain, Prussia, and Holland, to govern according to the cuu- 
•titution of Maria Theresa, and he backed this by an entry of Austrian 
troops into the territory. Various engagements between them and 
the burghers soon indicated the folly of resistance against the sove- 
reign, and the Austrians got possession in November, 1790, of Namur 
and Brussels. The corresponding disturbances at Liege were settled 
between the Bishop and tlie people on the 15th of February, and on 
the 24th the Convocation of the States at Brussels was dissolved. 

18. Beginnings of the French Revolution. 
France had long been the great object of interest and solicitude 



80 DF-aivxisas of tur fbbrch betoldtiox. fjun. 



to all ill* eourU of K"r'i|»i, wlin cnuld iiol but b* tHiMltili bo* 
iUa]ilj' lliKj' wero liilMriiilHi) 1|< ilia utiKo nf ftRsir* wliicli lud 
bMu gradiwll; ilnwiri|{ lu ■ eriaiit In ttiat iBiiun. lUrota- 
tjMMry alulm, u|Kmly prunuiinBinK for a iltnuoonujf, inti bnlil «M 
mnivMiirail In ih«ir laTigutg* n^lnit fxraigti oourta, whioh Uw 
pirminient oodIiI naithar oIimIi nor |>uii<<h, uiil wbieh ifu «wd ■ 
utelian* of tlia llajiiiHa vera Mo inounilijvroblo lo niipoH, Eiri> 
Bianla, both of tlm raj-al famll; anil tlio lint nnltiliiy, Hcfched to 
nirvisn capital*, to loltdlt tha modliitluQ of Uio MrerHgtia. DiU In 
th* mraa whUo ilio JaDiiblnn wnnt on Ineniuing ia niimbMa tui 
vfolmoe, and th« omlnnilon of th* nablaa aupnontcd tha dlMmil 
•nd MNpiekwi of Iha pmijile, wlilch fcaling waa utill furtlmr culud 
by Inaurrvcitona of tlia myal party In dlffurml paiM of Ihn kin^don. 
At Imith III* hoadii of iliu {irinclfial (uiillin In Frsoca aui np • 
ntandard at CublunU iindur ilia Priiien nf Cand< and iliu Italia nl 
Rohan, and mada no wiorot nf llieir intention* <o ngain by tb* 
■word ilia riiliw of wliluii ihiy WI beni duprivril by ihe National 
AHwnibly. Tliu King liiinH«lf in th* hand) of the Fcvufulioflifbt 
ooninin-d agunat ilinn uul anttTpd Into a plot, iho oliiof aasol 
Iti wniflh waa tho Marqafa da BWllC, miliut^ Bancmor uI UtU. 
and the objool to nc«pe from lili kingdom wlui hU Qum* ana 
PrInoHiea. Tlio aubH4ucnt Hiulil uf iho rujal family and lia unto' 
tuaalc failure al VaranucB ro-cxclMd thu wuni faallngi «f lb* 
populace, and llio Naliniutl Aaucmbly, gTMliy ■truogUioiiud id tbcic 
power by Ibia oTent, pawnJ alrung dtciruei aualnM the amliimM^ 
and tiKik Iha moat vlgoruua »(•[« lo enfurea ihvir a*a auiburiiy. 

In tha aiMmpted illuht uf tlia King, libt brolliar ihn Count d* 
Proveno* (aflcrwardi Luul* XVIII,), liad Ukon |>art, but h« lui 
•necoadcd In ■ffnaUiig hii meniiit. In tha montli of Au^imt in llul 
yaitr, h* and hi* othur bnithur, th* Count d'Artoia (afterward! 
CliarlM X.)> u >'"" lbi> Marcinia da Houilli, appeared at • kind d 
CoDgreu of Hoveralgna liuld at FUniti, tn Saxony, in whteb H 
Bnpgainmt w«a aiitontd Into by the Kmpernr and King of PraMb 
to iiilarfera in oarlj^ii eventual auna br tha auppurt of tha royal 
aotbority In Fnuieo, The Swedlnh moiianh, Guataviw III., thoi^fc 
ha did not attend at rUnlin, Joiord In tha ohitpt of ihU confedan* 
lloD, and waa about Ui put himaelf al Ita h*ad, wlian ba wa« anddiiBly 
•natohod away by aaiaiMloaliiin. Toward* the eloao of thi* yaar tlw 
hoMlle intantlon* of th* nmlgnuita and (Jermon priiicr* on llio 
frunUcra uauniad a mora nuuifeat military ■Jenuinatralinn, and on 
tbo SiHt of ll«ieRib«r tha Court «f Vlinna ([afe ulKelal notio* to Dia 
Fmich AiiibaMudur, Ibal Manhal Bandar had bean orderad to 
niareli to Trevea to au|>|inrl the EleotuP Ibnv, ' 
Mtacktd fniin tha tide of Fraoee. 



/ 



I 



?98.] WUt IIT TKt>IA. 



u»ii moDKsr. — 7- HiLiTiuy cuaracteb 



KK.— la. 

-IS AKFiin I 



1. Wi* IN India, Lorb ConNWii-Lis invests SkbinciPiITim. 

It i> now neoeutrj' lo return to (hs liriliah Armf under the earn- 

' of Lard CarnwulliB.tlie Gavoniai"Geuei'&l of ladii, who» head- 
en wer? vsialilished on Ike latof January at Ootradri'Ug. Uure 
a NlBHin'a lonxt bIhu juiiied him nu tlie 2Slh of the oiniilli. All ^te 
pl^ea Bod Teiurorcenieiit)!, which wtre mi a liirjjer icule than liitd 
— ~ira in former wan, were now arrived, aiid tlie aJliwI armiai 
«d on the I« o( FebrDai7 on their Hecunil exjieditiun vgtinit 
. . ilal of the Sultan Ti|ipoo, before which tliey arrived with- 
I appDuiion from tlie cuem}' on the Gth dty of IlieJr marob. 
ppoo hod hoped to dettr Lord Caniwallla from this attiioh by an 
laoipt M lay waate tlie Carnatic, ami had actunlly advouced a part 
hia troopa within three inilee of Madras, wlio liilled many people and 
nud lome villageB: tliere ho aliw triL-d again to opou uvgotiationi 
Ih hi* Lordiihip, but the meHaeogera were diemiaeed with a verbal 
•wer, and Tippoo called in his maraudere aiid prepared for hi» 
fence. 

Nothing ocGDtred worthy of notice during the advaune oF the British 
toy, ex«pt tbat the country vaa every where laid waele an usual : 
.oeoaaioual squadron of the euemy'n bona liovered along the Hue of 
■reh aa if to recunnuitre, and jmnittdiitely disappeared nben any 
cement waa made to intercept it. SeringBpatun at length lay 
Are the advancing forces, with Tippoo's army of 46,000 inrnntry, 
OD ^valry, and 100 gunB, en«itnp«d undw; itt wsJifc, U.«n \!M(i 
nt prot^c^d from insult by & cliain ot fie\dfWm\A waawA'^''*'*" ^ 
BidMble ihaa tiie city itself. Tli'iB U Matei oa ».v. viaaft- Ajrasa. 



i 



KKillT ATTACK UPOir TimtO • CAM 



l>«*» lliiv, 
;)iifwn t» TI|;|nD'B arm)'. 



Im IxDff «nd rniit ■n'l ■ half b»a»d, bmad Ir 
'•r ('■*>r}', wtilrh flow* aimmt It li 

Tiw n»»r l» fiirJuljl* ' 

unn\ Irt (III r*<l'iii 

KItw Kiir"|Mi*n m ^ 
'vr «|I|>hIi« bt lb* IhIbdi] of lMriiig*|niUMi « laru ap 
bf m ljiiNiii'l-h>M|jFa iif llctm* and tiiim, *h)«b nariia U 
•afrfial, afi'l uH-tHh a pl«M uf rWu|p fmni Ika la 
anil •liliiii U viinr anir »>v«t*I rodmiMa, oih 
amifianra of gm( (trmiKlli nllwl fatmla Hill. In n 
w»r* ilw IIOM, IwiiiiK xitiiiii ii 
flaU-fArU, w-h brt li' 
waj aajwbb of amii-' 
frunMilnlwaiKj'K"' 
tha Iktrry unIu* kh 
HallMi'K graat (■rd'-ii, " 



Mnnntnil wit fawar Ihan SOO pWw ofaani 

lf"nl Ornwalll* mi tiln arrlriil ma Jninarf l.jr tlananlfl 
who ahiMd In Dpini lit* anoiliivn aMa i4 tha rivaraar 
•orpa llUnl up ih" intarval iMtwiwa Iha two itltWaM 
•nnr. Tliiw ha* log Um un tlma In emoplalinii ifca )■ 
ba*biK loaila lila nHMHiaalaHiim, Linl rumwallla i 
■ItBfk tlia miamf un tba night of Iha Ihh uf I'-tiniafj. ' 
laniartl; nf llil* ramlt", anlnr IliM It wm bi li« p 
Inrautr; ainna itliliMit K»iia, ftlM itrn) 'ma with a> 
a. NuiHT AntUH i/rod Tiri 

Tha (roopa twi] haon dlamlaw^ from lh*tr avatilng ■ 
•lin'ahicll, oilhmilan^'lliliifflrWwiiliinKo' tbaOmiM ~ 
Inlanlluna, wliM nrAin aam* fvr ■ k*"" 
lir Imlf-tiul alght rrary llilnit ■» In rf»l 
maiusivl thair marfh la ffnifuun'l allaiHw. Tha M 
thn* eulumna. aaah fmaa^nd bf a IhmIx nf pkmi 
Naillu* tha traia wv tha |(Mn «Bn9 luixail, L 
MHplvlun 'i( wtiat *w Inunxl*'!. Tha rtelit e 
Maailnwa, tamttuni hI ilia Mlli anil 70'" rafttlMata « 
hrliptda, «n<] (JKptaJn Oram'a batMlion of Mkdna 



>]">il 



Tlr. 



..t 



/ 



tha 73ui1 tiin\ ngtmpnt anil ilu Mi mud SSn) UUallmi 

IfHiiaiht, aii'i «M nH|utni<l ■•> •larm lh> I'acod* Hill ;^ 

of lmtt»m Mnd uiilliiytnm. nmUf Uia (rriUra cf Ha 

Aa#»M( te nar 4/ «(l for t/w p«nwa« ol Mm^nf ita 

_ J »a*«j^ ppMi lb«RUMl*a«. U *» «■— '■ 



1792.] yiAHT ATTACK UPON TIPPOO^S CAMP. 88 

when the centre eolumn enooantered near the boundary-hedge 
m body of the ennniv'a oavalryi who were carrying rockets and other 
implements of Indian warfare to disturb the liiitinh canip ; thcHo 
immediately galloped off to their lines, and by this means announced 
to the enemy the approach of the British attacking forco. The front 
division nevertheless pushed briskly forward, passed the hedg(>, and 
reached the enemy's lines within a quarter of an hour after their 
approaeh had beoome known. Midnight was near at hand, and tito 
m<ion shone full and cloudless, when the heads of the three columns 
reaehed their several destinations of attack. Immediately on gaining 
the island the advanced guard of the centre cohinm under Oaptain 
Monson pushed for the fort, and crossing the river near it, thoy 
were only hindered ftrom rushing into the city, by the celerity witli 
whieh the eastern gate was shut and the bridge drawn up. This 
party pmoeeded al<ing the glacis through a long baznar street, 
and crossing the island arrivM at a fort called Cinicul, defended 
by a work on which two gims were mounted, and hero ruHhing 
in with the bayonet the fort with its defences became their 
own. 

The second body crossed by the Cavery, and on reaching the 
opposite bank Colonel Knox, who commanded it, tunied to the left 
in a contrary direction, and reached without any impediment the 
pettah of Shahir Gangain, which he found abandoned by the enemy. 
Seven battalions of Europeans, and three of sepoys, passed the 
river subse(iuently to these two parties and got possession of the 
Sultan's garden, of which the gate was forced, and remained here 
for two hours waiting for orders. The second subdivision of the 
central column passed to the left for the purpose of breaking through 
the right of the enemy's army. On approaching the Sultan's 
redonbt they found themselves opposed by a large body of horse ; 
but these were received by a well-delivered volley which sent them 
scattered over the fields, and the Sultan's redoubt, which was found 
abandoned, was immediately occupied by a detachment, while the 
remainder moved on to co-operate with Odonel Maxwell. The rear 
division of the central column, under the immediate command of 
Lord Comwallis, then came up and f(»rmed near the Sultan *s redoubt. 

The left column under Maxwell had ascended the Carignut Hill 
near the termination of the bound-hedge: this was defended by a 
double breastwork in front of a stone redoubt not entirely completed, 
and a considerable body of infantry with(»ut artillery was stationecl 
upon it. The works were forthwith scaled by the flank companies of 
the 72nd. Passing through the camp Maxwell met the division of the 
central column above spoken of. A convenient spot was now sought 
to pass the river, and a small detachment got over at a point where 
the water was up to their necks, and they were exposed to a heavy 
Are from the lines and batteries on the island. Here Colonel Knox, 
who had heard the ftring, arrived at the critical moment, and taking 
the Mysoreans in flank quickly dispersed them, and thus secured the 
pssBsge of Colonel Maxwell's flivision at a more practicable ford of 
the river, and a Junction was effected with the central column. The 

o 2 



Hi itiuiiT ATTAL'i ui-un -nvtuu'ik vjtuv. [am. 

bMl«rt»»«'<'W»li«iia. tI, ».>il ilifl .kf...il.'.. tll»|"'r.'-l In r„„|„„„,., 

rtWniMIII (if lllfW Mi.. .I.i. ' ■■■ ■ ,.i. 

HaowntAfi liit..M. .,.■.■.,.. I ..,. .■... 

bouM at 110 p---' ■'■ ' ' 'I" '' 1 1 

int«r«bU lidfxHi. - i : "i .'- 

bw*!' Imiia ow»l iii 

TtiBl INWllaii .-r M : 1. 1- I ■ 

Xta.iuUj, i.r ^.,il..,. ,. ..i 

llutllorr 111* •uliiiii'Ki'i''' < " < ' < I 'I 'I . ' . . 

nut ttr llMUuit, no'l il. .1 Im. I <rr - L r I.i. < 

qall ill* awJi-ii, mill • |iiiii.iiv..il a |«,jW rif tl>f riii'iTic ■!... l.s 

Willi lit* mall liilu tlin H*i'r, oliliili liii |inHv>l iinil*r ■ hnivir Km of 
liiiiabalrj', ■tUfki'il III* iiHI'lf hmtiiru ilia/ liml liiiM tu niillmbar lllrir 

tun*, niiil iliaiin* ina4ii litii im}' lu rvJiiUi IfOnl CvniwiillU'ii mlsinn * 
Itia \iwtM» >la>ltKlil. n»y liiil ■ '- '- — ' — ■'-'- 



ilrm (lliklr vHlHiliim liatlxa lii'i'ii iliirii*K>"> ■'/ Hi" ••<<«) 
Urii" I'li'lf "f tniii)M ftTiiiiiitf |i*ri »l 'ri]i|iiji.'ii si-nira ma 



LufoM 

Ian, liavliiit i'H<i»<r*'l Inti 
IrfiMCWiiwallla linil iinly -It I' 

witli hliii, mill hf ii'iw aloii'l ' -i 
llill 'I i.*1'hwhI1 Kwnru <:rii. 



imtun th*ni • v< > i" |ii>i»4 

Ibuv ihm, Liiril < ' ' "' 'liiiKuri 

hl4 •N|>iH>H>d I" •"■ ■ ■ ■ ■!> ■! lliln Hi 



liulHlivn liny «|iip|pp:i-luil tmiiivr 1I1.7 
hf III* IrmUlilila llrlllnh likJOfMi. 
(Joi-iiwalll* r-wWMl ■ ulliilit wi-unil In I 



I MM bia humi i-m\aU'i\: i"i.>«»|iiiH>il]l \\ •*• «,\w»1" V 

tliB fjlumii titu II m*» liiuuilvd t4i fnitowU. 't\w ■^ 



1792.] 



ATTACK COWTIinJBD. 86 



not finding any enemy to encounter, but peroeiving on his right a 
strong redoubt called £ad-Gnh, or the Mosque redoubt* proceeded 
to attack it. The Myaorean garrison, consisting of the flower of 
Tippoo's infantry, was by this time on the alert, having heard the 
firing in other quarters, and was prepared for its defence. The 
grenadiers of the S6th and 76th regiments were, however, thrown 
forward* and carried the covered way with the bayonet, but in 
attempting to enter the gorge they were met with such a Are of 
grape and musketry as compelled titem to recoil. Thrice they were 
driven back, and thrice renewed the attack. The conflict was ac- 
cordingly severe, and for a long time doubtful, but the post was at 
length carried ; and the General, having secured it with a sufficient 
force for its defence, changed his route, and making a circuit to 
avoid 8«>me rice-grounds, he missed the track of the central column 
altogether, passing it in the rear, and at length arrived at the 
Pagoda Hill, whei*e he joined Lord Comwallis at daybreak. 

But where was the Sultan when his camp was attacked and thus 
traversed by a hostile force ? He had just flnished his evening meal 
when the first alarm reached him ; but so rapid had been the advance 
of the central column, that Tippoo had only just time to dear the 
head of the advancing column, to gain the ford and pass it, making 
direct for the east gate of the city. It will be recollected that this 
was said to have been hastily shut when Captain Monson reached it, 
and it must have almost closed upon the admission of Tippoo Sultan. 
Thus ended the business of the night. 

3. Attack continued the following Morning. 

The morning of the Tth of February found within the pettah of 
Seringapatam the left column and paH of the central column of the 
British force, all under the command of Colonel Stuart as senior 
officer, who took advantage of daylight to improve his position and 
keep open his communication with Lord Comwallis. It was asoer- 
taanied that the field-forts oov«ring both fianks of the enemy's position 
on the island had been entered, but that the assailants shsred the 
poeseeaion of it with their enemies, whilst the right, and part of the 
KMft, columns were on Carigaut Hill. The redoubts in the centre of 
the Mysorean camp, however, still held out ; and Tippoo was not a 
man to sit down in despair or waste his time in fruitless exclamations, 
but he immediately set to work to retrieve the misfortunes of the 
night The Sultan*s first attempt was to endeavour to regain pos- 
ieaaion of Laul Bang, at the western extremity of tho island, but he 
found Colonel Stuart too securely posted hei*o to be driven from his 
position. Abandoning thei'efore this enterpnse, he next dis{)atched 
a body of troops to retake the redoubt on tho northern side of the 
Cavery, which was called the Sultan's Redoubt, whei*e Lord Com- 
wallia had placed Captain Sibbald with 150 men of the 7 1st It stood 
■0 exposed to the fire of the place as to be beyond the reach of any 
defenoe exoept that of the brave little garrison by which it was (»ccu- 
pied. To defend this redoubt, the first object had been to close the 
goffe, whieh had been open towards the fort; this it was endea- 



86 ATTACK OUDTIDCKD. [AJ>. 

truured hi do bj' thruwing ocrcnu >ome bvokeii litlcra *nd tha e 
riaga lit a gun u an ex|>ediniil (« *liut it up. Tbia WM aoun pM^ 
anlvad rmm llie tiiwn. and jtuiia inimedialeljr opened, by whicti 
niaunt tliiit inelfloient barrieoda wa* aoua ahaiLoiwd liiM i>|illni«n, 
anil (luimiiliinilili! iiijiiry waa daiio alai) to tlie wurk* b; ihla lln. 
1'h« Rorgv bgiiig tliu* upm>ed> the vuviny abuiit tun u'oluck paaliM] 
(urwanl rutumiuit culuuina, in hatpw of carrylnj; tha railuabt by 
aHHult. Thvy worn bvaton baek with ouniiiilxroblv (uroi, bat in 
iha eiKNUIiUsr Captain Sibbild waa killed by u caiinnn-aliot. Major 
bkclljr, one of Lord Ciimwallia'a a.id«-du-niiii|i>, lind bwn dlDpaiohed 
la tha aput, and now lujk the coamaod, with Captain Huiiuir trt tha 
bind under him. Frwh li'oopa ot the enmiiy wora now aBan to b* 
advancing, and but liltl* biipa could bo •ntortalned of oppoiilig 
llieni rriHii iIib deHsieney of eanridgaa, whieli al lb* imMMM 
biHWDiH amwrmiL At liin oritleal junrtiira it appttrad alman a 
inii'aole to nrarliiat two bullucka. auppoaed Ui \m part of thoaa ap> 
poiiitod fur tbo carriaga of ajmre aaiTnuuitinn, bad waiidarad inlo llw 
ditch, and wars found to be ladon with amuiunilum, a IntnlMl 
inoro prwiaua lo Major Skaliyand hia party at audh a moiiHinl, 
than If iboybad been loaded with the riehvat jewel* iu TIppiio'a 
traaaury. Tbe day grew oxtreinely hot, and nut a drop of wMar 
oonld ba pmeursd in tUe redoubt fur tlioau who were alrendy down 
with wounda and dying from thfrat. Scarcely, however, had Hm 
man replenlahed tbeir cartridge-buxtM fnim ihla unexpected aupply, 
when the Hnuiiiy were again upon lliem. The Sultan, iimitilii-il l; 
llie ill aucewMi of f'iniior altack>s aant f<.rwanl about .... . . 

body of cavalry SOOQ atrong, wliu ap|ii-aniil wa if >!>' 
oliartpi at uuoa inlu the cirg*. but tliey atopjnn] miil.i< . 
mounting, rtiahad inijHjtufiualy forward on foot tu f<'i <'. 
with their aabria, The gorjt*' had been kept clear Ulu ..„ . 
tinnanoa oFtho onnnonado; but when it ceaard, in ordvr i<i n'Iniit '>( 
thla advanoe, the garriion rapidly fomiod acrou the opeaiof, 
whilst the porllona i^ the parapet on either aide were fully inaonnli 
Tbo Are waa coolly roaorved till It could be given u1l)i itTici. Lui 
llio flrat diacharge brought tha luadeia of tha ooIunh.i 
down; tliuaa bahiud navenhnliiia puahait onward, I.. 
atwdy lire uf the Karriaon tlimw tlwni Into hu|Milex» . 
they Hod back to recover thoir hurava, and aoon A" < \ 
linthtr. After the repuae uf about an hour the llilli v 
tlireatened by another atlaok far mora eevere tlian i>ii.> i\" } bad 
already auatained : it waa led by the Suluin*B European eurpa, eon- 
Rianded by H. Vigle. The unlbrm of thla oorpa waa red, and t* 
a M. Vigia bad owed hie eawipe in Ibe attack of Iba 
. rlddon quietly through one of the euluinns tio Mi* 
[ him. M. VIgIa and hla men were nuw (eiai in Ui>lr 
bf dayUghl ; but tha irapnetwl auparinrily of lliia Mirpa In 
iJiD native imopa vaa nut raaliiad. Tbey advanoad but a llltl* way 
frum th« rnobi, whmi two »r tliruo of the forvnioel falling, tbey gU 
'jitu |tr«l dbiirdnr, and wfuI dIT, 
'rile attack on ihi* redoubt waa nol tlia only aflbrt nuwla by Tifpe« 



luo V •! 



ff 



1702.'] BBBINOAFATA^ BESIBaBD IS FOBM. 87 

on (he 7th tu rotrieve che liitaeii sustained during ihe preceding 
nigbt. Twice was Culanel SlUHrt'i line acnisH [lie enstorn Deck of 
tha iiltuid assailed, and twice were the eneni]' repulstd with liiaa. 
Tbay were liept, hnveTer, in ft state of some anxiety by llie repoi^ 
that the vhole foree uf the guriaan would be omployod in Ilie night 
in kfreah amull; but after bII their elTiirtB hnd proved iueHectual 
lo drive the EaglJali am of the island the epirit of the MyaiirBaaB 
was qnilii brnkeii, and tliey deeerted in great numbera, accumpuiiecl 
by the French in Tippoo'a Bervice, who, wearied with his capricioua 
temper, or giving every tiling u|i ftir Inst, went and surrendered 
IbenuatTea tfl Lord Comwallis ; bo tliat the niglit was passinl in 

3tii«t> and tlie morrow brought with it no symptoms of renewed 
anjCPr. The DritJsli camp was thereupon advancod to the hound- 
hedgo, pickets were Bent into the deserted redoubti, and a cliain of 
posts aatabltahed along Ihe north and east fa^ea of tl>B fort, eonverlr 
ing the vnemy's linen of countcrvallation into lines (or the attack of 
hli eapiUi. The Ihbb in these actiuns did not amount lo more than 
KM uiMl killed and wounded. 

4. SEumaipiTtu besif.qf.p in fohu. 
So far every (hint; had aucceodeil according to the Comniander-in- 
Cliiera wish ; hut he relaxed not one momeiit in liia exertions to push 
the aiege. General Abercrombie, who hod been prevented Iroai tskinj; 
op llie ground allotted to bim bj the abeeiice of tlia Hyderabad and 
Mahrattit contingents, was on thu 1 llh of f 'ebruary directed to move 
to the iiurth of the Gkvery and unite with the diviaion from heod- 
qnnrtere. As soon as he pereeivod this movement on the 16lh, 
TipIHM endeavoured to intercept the bngi^age of the Bombay eor|Hi, 
but williout succeas ; and the whole British army became onited. 
ThroHKhout the flth of February, while the British had bei^n actively 
oagigM in preparationB for the meditated blow against the citadel, 
IM ayroplom of energy had been apparent except the wasting of 
• Ul^ 4ilantity of ammunition In a fruitless cannonade. The engi- 
■■IW, ra<}airiiig materials for maliiug fascinea and gabiona, had begun 
W cat ilnWD tbe munificent trees which furmed the pleaaant ahadea 
«f lln Laol Bang; andthepaJace and cloiatera of this delicious retreat 
verted inia wurksbopa and huapilala. The SuUan'a proud 
irritated at seing tills charming spot laid waste, and tlie 
I at his father proraned, and he began seriously to reflect on his 
iim situation. The wily Oriental soon perceived that the siege 
Ma CDHtnenced in earnest, and in order to avert the catastrophe 
Im Ib'iOght he would again try negotiationa. Something, h^ hoped, 
bo •xpeeted from the policy as well as the generouly of the 
intsrcouTBe of a paciHc character bad taken place fur 
IM last inonui, when his overtures had been indignantly rejected, on 
ika krniihI lliat llie prisoners taksn at Coinnbatora were unjustly do- 
WitM in breach of the capitulation. Tippoo, Ihsrefore, determiuBd 
M« la ainphry two of thoae officera, Lieutenants Chahneis and N~ ~'~ 
totktcs charge of tlie lettera makiugoverturea of peace. 
' ' by a costly present and by conHden 



a and Naa|b^ 
Thsab^SIH 



8S BKBtSOAl'AT^U DZSISOKS tS VOBU. [a.11. 

CliBlnwra uiiilcrtuoli lo gratify the Sultan by the ie\lyiiry ol tm 
btteri. 

Coincident with tho piieifte inEiwinn of Umteouit Oiftlinen, Tiiipao 
propBrsd annthor nf a vrry ilitfirent diarAotur, Hi* ublcot of which 
WM tlio d«di nf iha BritiBli Cmonuuldtir-iri-ClliKf. I'll" tmj iay 
»n which the ifBoPrt «ew ntlxaeil & wleot biidy <if Ii'Tw w«r» 
nbwrvad to qutl thair eDOUiipmant on tho wiDlhom hiIb of ih* 
' Carory, and to crow llie rivet U Arikory i no lurtiouliir nntira *h 
U ths thiw inkmi uf thi* movannat. Ud ths mnrniiis of tit* fol* 
liiwing <lKy Iheyauolrii'od lu gel twtwaon tlio oiimp* of tho Niwwn'a 
Hid Iha Brillih forei**, not quite nnoliwri'ud, but without exoittag 
aiwpiaion, buinn niiniiilien fi>r a parly of frlenda, and thoy wcro then' 
fora allnwtd wiilinut iiitemi|iiliin to adranoa tn tho lii-iliab park of 
artillery, Arrirvd tWr*, Ihvy earelegiity aakad fur tho tont of ths 
Bum Sahib, or prinuipnl [ioinmnniUr. Their inquiry wnc aujipoaBd 
to apply lo th« tent or Ccilmipl Duff, the ooiiitnaiidiLnt of nrtlllari', 
whioli waa abnwn them, InaMiitly drawing tlmir eworda, tb«y gu- 
lupod towarda tho lent, wliioh ^i«y nuppoood to b* that af m4 
Oirnwnllis, oultlni down the fuw perauna tliey met in tbuir wayj 
but on the alann that thie oocnBloned a amnll body at avpoya tuniod 
oat, whose lire noon ohaTiaed the oourae al tho honwnitn, an^ 
Ibain with headlong upeeS bach lo the hilla In flight. 

On tba night of tlie IHih a formldabia batlory wkb erooted o 
north iddB of tlie fort ; nnd on tlin llfth Alicrarombiu afiain ex 
tho Cafery, and look poet nn ttiu xiuth-woat aide. On tiw 'J!tnd hia 
adrnriofld pnata were hare altaokod, liut afuii' a tunitoM, which lialad 
Ihc jtraatrr part of the day, the Myenre troopn waru driren badl. 
On Ilia 33ril evrry thiii); wna prBpared fur enatlnit hr«iu>hin[(. 
bllterina witliin AOO ynnls, mid it waa known that Panttrain Hhow 
with hia Malirattan wan ooining up to oaalat in the (^leraliiiiia nt ttl* 
(iega, The Vakeela of Tlp|Hio were In ilia oainp, and tliu prMooM of 
nenitlatinn and tho eiuge went on tOjtelher. 

NotwICliatiindlng tliat IIm aide lowarda tho iaiand wan at lint 

Mlooted aa tho point uf the main attach, thia idi« w '■ ' — ' 

it waa reaolrod lu make the pi-iiieipal attack acroaa tl 
the north aide of the farl. Ilure the uurtaln-wall wan |ieroeplibljr 
weak, aiiil by Gomlng eloa« up to the bank of the rirer, lliore waa 
left no mnin For outwork*. 'I'iie flank dofenoHH were aooiirdin^y ftnr 
atid of iltlin valor. Hie mun ilitfluuily waa tlia inlirvenllon oF tha 
river, but this waa nut tliouglit auflloielit lo owmterlialiince Iha %d< 
TanlBjfe'i of the new phin. Aa the erection of halterii^t In (he iltift 
tlnie wittiiii guiuhot oF tho fort appeared to be luiaardoue, Luril 
Corownllis reiolved to have Ihom erectod durin^f; the tilglil ; nnd to 
draw off the attention nf the Karriami team that quaner, hu raaolTei] 
In bent up tlie oneniy'a camp on (lie alhar aide of tlia ialand. Abar- 
orombio waa tliepefiire.aaha«haanaaid.piuhiidaoranaf> theaonthem 
bank of the Cavary, and arrlvod at elio place of hia deatinatioa 
' uadltcovered. A t the braok nf day tho wluilo duaign booame manU 
Ibat to the eiumiy, aiirl nvery gun Hint bimi\4 W \iwn\i'ti\ w 
/ warn ,.praednn tbtr tiewly oreotoiiwt' ' -•-.;- J ■...»-..!. 



•lewly or«otoirw(iTkn,Btia v*.ttt>i* <« 'wt™*«T"' 



1792.] 



TZPPOO BULTA.V SUBMITS. 89 



orotaed to hitrMs the troops; but the dawn of light mw Aber- 
erombie in full poMeieion on that Mo, and uotliing oould exceed 
th% surpriee of Tippoo when the whole proceeding became intelligible. 
The works constructed by the Britisli nuw advanced with great ra« 
piditv and great secrecy ; and the Sultan, despairing of repelling the 
invaders by the Are of the fort, attempted to distress them by turn* 
ing away tiie water from a large canal by which the EngliMli camp 
was principally supplied. The distress occasioned by thin measure 
waSy however, but of short duration, for a di»taohment was imme- 
diately dispatched to invMtigate the cause of the sudden failure of 
tli« waters, who soon drove the Mysorean troops from their work, 
and repaired the small damage done to the bank of tlie canal. 

6. Tippoo Sultan sunMiTS and drlivrrs up his two Sons as 

HosTAORs for a Tueaty. 

A Moond parallel had been completed witinn GOO yards of the 
north side of the fort, when, on the 24th of February, orders were 
sent to the trenches that the working should be discontinued, and all 
hoatile demonstrations ceaso. It was not without difficulty that tho 
men oould be restrained from proceeding with the works, which they 
had anticipated were to put tliem in possesfdon of Seringapatam, and 
enable them to cffoct the humiliation of a man, whose ins<dence, 
tyrsnny, and perfldy had been exercised over many of their friends and 
oompanions who had fallen under Tippoo*s power. But discipline 
pmvailed,and all hc»stile operations on the side of the besiegers ceased 
at onoo. Not such was the conduct of tho garrison. For several hours 
the Are of cannon from the fort, and of nmsketry from the advanced 
IMurties of tho enemy, was kept up mora vigorously than before, and 
a llritiHh officer and several men wci*e wounded in consequence of 
this audacious contempt of the engagement which had been con- 
oludedf and which had been the cause of the cessation of hostilities 
on tlie part of the British. Even after Lord CoiMiwallis's reiterated 
messages had at length produced their effect, Tippoo, it was said, 
ordered the guns which nad been removed fh)m the batteries to 
be again replaced, before he could bring himself to sign the terms 
afreed upon by his Vakeels. These terms were severo :— 1st. That 
he ahoulu cede one* half of his d«>minions ; Snd. That he should pay 
three erores and thirty lacs of rupees to the allied forces for the 
expenses of tho war ; Srd. That he should uuequivocnlly restore 
all prisoners who had been taken from the time of Hyder Ali ; and 
Ustiy, That two of his eldest sons ahould be delivet*ed up as hostages 
for the due performance of tho treaty. As this treaty was bitter 
hi the extreme to the Sultan, it was not to be supposed that he would 
submit to it with a good grace : it was aoon observed that he was 
pmeraatinating, nor would ho send his sons at once, but sought 
every subterfuge by which he might evade the signaturo of tlie 
tnioe which he know he must obtain. 

On the SOth of February the hostage princes were received in tlie 
British oainp in very great state. They were dressed in long white 
muslin gowns and red turbans, with rows of large pearls round 






CHABACTEE OF LORD BODKST. [a.S. 



.which we peBn>>]>ondDil(Lrubv nod >n emerald ofconsiilenkLle 

inded by brilliiuilB, and in their turbuis enoh wore ft aprig 

<Jrkl)lw"lB: thay were eooh niitunted oiiHn Hle|ihuit rishly Mpati> 
aoDtHl, aeouiDiiuiieii hj' sevenil nth«r clephnnU, precedeil b}r KnulntMV 
of p«THoiu inuunteil on cnmvls bsarjng nagfn, with 100 ruiining foo^ 
men oarryinj; pcluthed jnveliiu, and ■ guard well drceaed acul dib 
eipllned; with som« cnvnlry bringingup the rear. It aaloiiUh«4 ■U 
praieal to witneso tlia eorrwtnen and pro|)rJe(}' of tils b«lukvitinr at 
theiB young priuoea. Tippoo'a head ValiEel placed ihim in Lwi 
Coirnwallia'a liands, sitting, "Theae children were tliia iiion)iii( At 
wm of the Sultan, my matter : their aituatJon is niiw changed, attl 
tliey muat look up to yoar Lnidship aa their fkther." Bvary oaa kMa< 
the jHCture racordiiuc this ceremuny, and of wbieh the >«||n*lD| U 
in vmry country of the wurld, NutwithHtaudlus tliia Map !a Uw 
nagoUatiom, lUu pridii of the Sultan a^ll kept nini bsok Awn Iha 
enmplele fulfilment uf the treaty, and aa Lord Cornwallii rawitwd to 
ba DO loniter tiifted with, orden were issued for the renewsl of &■ 
ritg«. Prudenee, Knd a aeine of the hopeleesncaa 
uveroamo at leaKth the feclliiea of the fallen chief, and he 
tonBCesHty, andaftixed his seal and signature to the definitive tr«Mj, 
which waa muC to the ynung priDcee lo b« by them given cu the Com- 
uandeNiu -Chief. 

The war with TIppoo waa the f;reat event of Lord Coruwallia*! 
admlnialnttion. He returned to Mndras late in May, arid li> ralenlla 
in July futlowitii:, and quiited India in Augugt, 179,1. The da* 
lUiitivu treaty was concluded iin the 19th of March, and the et^id 
territiirimi were aliarod in rqual proportions by the llritiBh Kaal 
India Company, the Nizam, and the Malirattoa. 
0. Death mo Miutikv Craracteb of Adhiiul Lord RoDHsr, 
Oil the 94th uf May this year died aeorge Lord RDdnsy. Hi 
was b»rn in the year 1718. Of his family nothing oenani ta 
liaown. His father was a naval ufilcer eDmmaiiding (he Kla^ 
yacht, and in one of bis pasngea to ur from Hanarer, he vimi indiiMd 
to Kcgard the Duke of Cliauduei, who was In atlendMUie on Ui 
Majesty, as a Dalron, and uuined his sun " Bridges," after hi* la " 
Of young Rudney's early exvrllons in the service lliera is no n 
until 17471 hi which yuar be commanded the " Eagle," under UKwh*, 
when that Admiral defeated L'Etendiire'a aquadron. In 17ftl h* 
was empUiyod, with the nuik uf Cumniodore, on a voyage of maritime 
disoorery, and in 17S0 was prumuted to Uie nuik or Admiral. Hla 
flrst oucupntion aa Safj-offlcer was In command of a siiiall Miuadron 
of shi]>s of war and bumb-veeaela the aame year, on an cxpnlitiun to 
bombard tlia town aud pert of lUvre de Qrace ; and be so olWtnall* 
dtfltroyDd tlia enomy'a preparattons la that port, that w a okv^ 
aiacni^ it vraa not able during the remainder at the war to anoa; 
Great Britain. Id IJUI llwlney waa very inatramontal in th* o*p> 
tore of thri Islands of St. Pierre, Grenada, St. Lucia, and St. VluoMit, 
wlian tlio uhole of the Caribb«an. group came ur ' ~ - ■— - -• 
tlia KiigUab, For bis skill and bravery iu thia 






1792.] CBABACTER OF LO£D BODNBY. 91 

MudDBionaf it, in 1704, ruaed to the diguit}' of B Baronet. In 1700 lie 
was induoeil to cooteet Norlhaniplun at the geuerai election, mid wag 
rMnmed atler t. stroii); and ver^ expensive contcBt, by which he 
VH7 conBidentbl; impaired Iiib furtune, sud wks consequently oblig«il 
la fly bia country and retiretoFranw, where he lived for some years in 
the grealoBt ohiteurity in the hope «f retrieving his Iobks. He wu atlU 
Ifaen in 177S wlien tlie wnr bi'oke out between France and England. 
It is Kud that tlie French King niahinz 10 take advanl^e of tiis 
pMuniory einbomiBMiiviLts, mode him the most unbounded offera 
tbrODj^h the Duke de Biniu. In reply to this propoEOl be said, " My 

country ; but no templatiuii con esti'onge me fi-uiu her service. Hsd 
this o&n: been vuluntary on your imrt I should have deemed it on 
iiiGDlt, but 1 am glad tu leani it prucetds from a source that can do 
no wrong." The Dnke was so Btruck with the patrioliun of tlie 
Admiral, that he conceived a great respect for him, and ofFered him 
■ luan of money to enable liim to revisit England and solicit a coia- 
luand. Tliie offer he gratefully accepted, nnd afterwards very ho- 
nuurably repaiJ. About Ihia lime he met somewhere the Duke 
d'Orleuis, then Duke do CiiirUee, wbo tali] Sir George tbat he was 
tfi have a command in thit fleet which was to be opposed to the 
British, under the cammand of Keppel, and insultingly asked him 
what he thought would be the consequence of their meetiaj;. " That 
ai}: countryman will cori^ yoor highuess with him to learn £ug1isb," 
was the higb'Spiriled reply. When the mutual recrimiualiuna of 
Admiral Keppel and Falliser rcEidered it desirable to put aside both 
tboie officers, Sir George Rudney was appointed to the chief com- 
■uand iu the West ludies, and he haiBti:d his flag on board (he 
"Sandwich," in 1779. Uia Srat exploit was m January, l7S0,when 
lie took nineteen Spanish transports bound lo Cadiz, with their 
Comuy,a B4, and live frigates. Cu the 16th of the same uiouth Sir 
<IeaiKi) tell iu with a Spaiiisli fleet of eleven sul of the line, under 
l>M JuAU de Longora, of wliich ho captured the flag-ship and ftve 
Qthsr ships of 70 Runa each, and another of the same force waa 
bluwn up. In April, the aame year, he encountered the French fleet 

I It llattmique, under the comniaDd of De Guicben, whom he obliged 
loflri)l,andcomplete)y routed him, but look none of the shipa. In re- 

I WMd for his lerviceB he was on tlie Uth of Novembermade an extra 
Klijghl of the Bath, and received ihe thanks of both housea ut 
Pat^amant, nith the freedom of tlie city of London and other places 

I b gulil boxes. In I7III he exerted himself to bring the combined 

I Iraieh and Spanif>!i fleets in Clie West ladies to same decisire 
tnjptgDiDOQt, but witliuut BUCCI.-BS. Ou tlie breaking out of tlie war 
wld) Ilolland he captured the ialaud of St. Eustatia, and the Dutch 
' nioa on the mainland of Guiaua, and for ihese lucaeBBCB Purlia- 
It aettled liberal anauiiies on liimself and his bmily ; but he woi 

I ttdiged t(i resign his command of the fleet and repair In England, to 
•Maror aome grave charges made against his cunduci, which lie was 

I tHUMl Iu refute in every pai-ticular. He was tlierefrire re-appmnted 
lO ihoWeat India command, and ou the IStb of April, 1783, hod Ihe 



03 MILITABT ODABICTEB OF DE SCFFSET!. [x.1). 

gooil fnrtUTiQ til come to cluce Bedon with the French Hwt under 
Cornil He GnuH, wbro he wnl: (n>« line of battle ahip, aiul e>ptim4 
Ave, t>kiii|{ lbs Fieatii Admiral (triwiner. Tliis tigiiKl maeeiaa <nm 
ni<l to hate been priwKpall; ovinit Iii k ■kilfnl nuuMsoTre, till tbtt 
tiinc nearly nev in prBctioe, but tbe idoptinu or whieh fortoa an Mk 
In our utbI hittary. Tliis wu to break iJie eneny'i Una tat 
■UMk to l<^ew■rd. An uiiiiuted cmtro'eny bas spniBE Sp of laH 
yntri. WndinK la demote from tlie hanonr of Rodne]' ^ glriagla 
oilun the credit of liaving urinin^'led Ihia muii&D*rB. Had WB 
j^RBt Adiiiinil been a weak ur fwtlbib eammaniler, bii likving o^ 

L>inl Rudnef (who was treated a peer fcir his Uat action) ham Hw 
eanuumat teMtauoy of > lout; and aoceeaeFal oacver, to nuka It 
acident tliat wh'wver mBy have uu^pmed the idea, it »a* he win 
bad liie akill and bubluen in take tlie t«pun«ibility uf it> adoptiMI, 
■ltd to him, therefore, every tittle of the credit ia moat joailjr do^ 
It hi aaid of the noble Admiral by a contetnporsry, that a* an ottcaf 
of nautieal abililjea Done were hia raperinr*, and but tew bia eqaal^ 
Hs certainly poacMed the merit of inderati gable excrtiiin, asa WM 
andowcd with a buld and orij^nal t^iua wliidi alwaya eanied hlA 
direotly t» the okiect he had in Tiew. Hi, emnmander.esEepI NcIm, 
ererlivedwhahadtheerNMl fi>rtune to afliieneeo many citable unnfinw. 
Throe Admirala (llie .Spaniah Um Joan de Lanxara, tlie Dutch Van 
Blokea, and the French Count do Graaw) dnlirend iboir •vnrda m 
him; and ajchuien ehips of the liiif,Bnd nearlyae many frigUee and 
Vcasela of uireriiir coitaeqiwiice, Inwered their coluura (o iju ftait 
under bia iniuudlale cumiiiand. 

7- MiLrtittT CinmiTitii op Anmiui. uk 8fri-iie». 
About thin time died a Freii Mi Admiral who, thnugh pg an aainggraal 
merit, was yet eelliualed bjr liia countrymen amncwltat above hi* ml 
daaerta, Pierre de Suffna wax > iinti«e of Pniienee, and boTB ta 
Ijan. At Itw ate nT KTenieeD he entered the French Dary aa ^aiJ a, 
marine on boanl the " Sulide," frrmungl part uf tJie tlioii rrcaatly 
•Iliad Freonb and Spaoiidi iM|nadron. Hia fini notion mu •iih llw 
Biitlali abip " North omlivrlaiid." In the action at Rrltciale wiih 
Adtniral Uawka lla ■•■ laUen prleoner on bnard tbe '■ Mnnarqac* 
and carried to Eajtiaud, but wai rcleawd at the peace of 174S. Ha 
oeeupieil hinaeir in the inur*al before a new war in puwing bk 
tenna lor the Onler of St, Julm uf JeruaaJeni, of which hi: liraanM a 
Knight. In WW the Cheraller de Suffren wna ou b.«rd Iha 
" Uaupliin-Htiyal," in the expFdltiim *ant iiut fnr the pmleetioa 
' " " waa aftenrnrdB promnled tn the rank of lAta- 

«n on biinrd the " Orphte," brming part ti a 
lie Harquiii de h» (iliwniiiini, aont to iMial at Iha 
fort tUboD. In 1760 ho wm again taken priaoner Hf Iba 
llBlhe-'Ucaaii." la the pence nf 17*13 ba oaa maaaaJaal 
Prance, whrre In 1707 be wia iimmiilad (n be Lkpilalaa 
After paatiDg anine time at MaJia, oliera be Imawa 
at Uia Order, and naile eapeditliwa agaimt tbe Bariaqr 




r% — -^- — — in ■ ■ I — rw-- — -:■ 



1702.] i>iuT« OF ouaiAYcru ui. or swxovv. OS 

|««»w«i^ h«» WM (M^l)t»t) Intn iit>«*vlt>t» M (!Mutiiiiit(» dt» vnImu^hu, During 
\\w Aww\fm}^ Wnr.ln \W% \\^ wim fUriWv pnmitttt**) In thn muli uf 
rh«*f (i*tMKHi4m unU wt>ut In oumtiiMut of i^ MquMlinm U\ tht> fnptt nf 
0«mh| lini>«»« wliviHt h0 w^vt»<l theoolonv fni* t)i0 IHttt«h fhmi tlio t*xpt»> 
cUlInn ttnu«»r tNatumMitMv »lt»hn»tu»««, tlmuKh lit» huil mmw uf liU uwn 
»ht|Mi« Hp X\w\\<^ \\v\\eppdp\\ to Mu tho (1t»t»t uutU^r (h«» fouiu U'<)rvt« 
Hkt \\\p liilt» of )*VAUtH», M\i\ \m tnt» (itmth of Uint Nthitli^Nl iiuttvt>ml«>ti 
tt> \hp tHtinmAm) uf th^ Wiit>h (lt»t»( in tht* IiuIImu (^tHmn. Ut^tH* lit* 
hutl n»|>niitoil <*n){iiKt»m«>ntM with (ho HrtUnh Ht>ot uiuWr Sir KtiwurH 
Uuithois with i\t) UtHtiitivo ih^iioUm ) hut in Au^Uht, 17^3^1 ho »uf*oooUo4 
ill 9ii)tturiit)( Trinoomtitro. Thoito itorviooM ohtntuoU foi* him tho 
hoiinur «»f hoouuiinff iinilli of tho Otsior of St, Uotiu, Ho ooothuioU 
Miitii tho fioHOo of 17(^1 U\ koop tho noM in iloflnnoo of ttio iMtidlu And 
AiMtiiklotl in ftrontti'vintc tho hoWn^fuoroti (ort of ('ntitlNh»i'o. lio ttion 
roluiiio«i to Krtmoo, tto imti novor \l\^\\\p^\ ^ viotory^ nor lOMiiiitoti nt 
tlio oM^tturo of n itln}(lo niii)), hnt \\p lm«i HVoiilod dofom, tinU hHtl 
iil^hoiti tho hononr of hiit Hm^ in tho liniinn Hts^M tw iiovovt^) yonm, 
AotHirtiinjilv on hi>» i*otnvn U\ I'^rwnoo lio wii»» iH»<H»iv«'»J with tiln* 
fin){iiitiho(l liononi*M \ inotlnln woro Htrnok to liln (Vinio \ nnil whon \w 
WPM to tho finlnoo to ]\t^)' \\\n ot^nrt %u tho Kin^t, tho wholo of thtt 
KhihIoii lin oorpM HttMui tt» thoir Hrnm on tho nnnonnoontont of hin nMnio, 
Miol o»ot)rt«'<i hhn» f«»nr Ahivnitti to tho ohnnthor of hU ttov^rtti^u, 
llvi'o ho WM int't hy till tho iMiytil fAntily,iMni roooivmi tho hoooUUo in 
m'tHAonoo of tho wholo o^ou't. Ho wam nmtlo fhovAlior tion Ortlt'on tia 
hoi, Anti tho <)i)tnity of Vioo-Atiiniml wam oHpro*i»il,Y t^roAtoti for him 
ft^r iiiA lift*. AtlntivAl tlo SntiVon wah in tlguro a nmn of ttingulAr 
«*hooity, hut of i^otfolAr foAtnron, Auti of a nohlo An4 irrMoiouA ox- 
Itivimitm. NotwitnuttuoUo}} hiv ti^tnro ho wah AOtivo, ttf An oxtrotno 
Arthmr. Anti hrAvo ttt i^AMhnow. In hiH prtif^iMion ho waa intloxthlo And 
Aov«*ro whon ho nui^pooiod woAknofiA \^ WAnt of otuirAjto \ And thoii){h 
Atikldo And n^ntlo in donit^Annnr towAiniH inforiuiHit no tioH ttf fi*iond> 
My or liiiinonoo of rtink otmld IcitNon hii diH|doAi«ni*o AitAlimt do(V*ot 
td' tlii4«i)dino or vaIoois Ho wan hiinA*df a nmn of ntnoh olt^vntion of 
chAinott^r And oxtonoivo inlonnAtittn« whioii waa oonihinod with ootd 
Juditmont And a livoly roovovMAtlon. Ho wam a vory oKi^t^rionood 
otnoor.And in hiA oontinitAl ountofitA with Sir KdwAvd HnithoH, iio 
ovintHHl groAt )4Hift»AAionAl Ahility And a An|»orior knowlod)to of nAVAl 
tuoUtHi. 

A. DtUTH AND MlUTAAY rUANAl'TtCU OV UtlltAYVA Ml. Ot' SWKDKN. 

8ti hintt M dAriiiK And roAohition nhAll ho roipirtlod aa tiuAlitioA 
hoimurAhl^ in WAr, m lon)( will tho ohArAotor of (JiiAtAVUH uf 
Sw«Hi«»n doMorvo to lio Htndiotl. Ho wah tho aoii of Kinu Adol|dmA 
l^'rodoriok hy tho AiAtor of tho ^vp\^i tVodoriok \ wAAlmrn lii n^^^K^nd 
AMoooo«lo«) to tho thismo in I77)« UuAtAViiH, ohAorvinif tho inoi*o«Mdn|t 
inHuonoo of UiiaaIa In tho Swodikh noimto And tho irnrtv dlMonvtitniA 
In HIa o«ninti*y, rooolvod Iti avaH hlniHolf of tiiooo olroiiinMAnooA 
l«» hrintf Ahtmi a |mpnlAr rovolntimi i AotmiHlinirlyt within tho Alutrt 
•|)Ao« of A Ainglo httnr ho norfuinnod tlio oAtrAoiHiiiiAry Aot of (»vor- 
lurulng Uio ooiiAiitntlon of IiIa oountryi witlniul blooUAhodi ou tho lUth 



9i DKiTS op GiraT4T-08 III. OF awKDan. [l.D. 

of AiigUBt. 177a. Tlius lie ftt nncB ciostrnvBd the influence of K 
powerful ariilooracv, which fornesrljsinlyj'flafu had BBSumed U 
Ihe Kile KUlhoHC)' of the Hliite. MBny wise re)[iiUlion> follnwed Ibii 
obnnRs nf gnv^rament ; &nd although the nobJiw coiilinuad diuftti*- 
fled, Sweden might h&ve been happy and contented under the Kina'i 
(dmhiUtration, but for the HovBreif(u'B reckleBe extntvuBHRDa, uiil Itw 
' expeiuai ooeasianed by his deetre In st&y the insKtMbls progrsw ■/ 
Rusalon ambition. To meet tliese fxpeniieB he Bometimea had re< 
eaturse to nnooniititulinnal meaas ; but he well and truly compr*> 
handed thit Sweden, Denmark, Prugsia, and Foluid were nil klilta 
dMply interested iu frnming an ^rrangenient by which a firm barrier 
mifiht be raUed against the domineering viewa of UuMia. In 
1J88, Ihinhing the war between Huisia and the Porte a ravonraUe 
moment fur humbling the formor pnwer, he deeJiLTcd war anBlnst 
iba EmpresB Catharine, and eqnifiped ■ formiiialle fleet at L'eiii- 
eruna: unfortanately for him, however, the emissaries of Hiuwia 
bad been beforehand with him in Deninnrk, uiil thus ha fttood 
liimwlf opposed to the united force of the two powera in the 
Baliio Sea, Liini-hcarted like hie predeneBsor Charlea. he had more 
method in liis bravery, and more motive nntl ubjwt in hie daring. 
Ha underbKik the command both of his flatillns and armies. With 
the fbrmer, in nonjunction with Ills gallant brother, the Duko of 
Sudermaiiin, lie B>iii);ht his enemy wherever he was to liu found, ia 
the open sea or in port, in a galley or a aevvnty-four, dashed at 
him witli all his mi)i;hl and main, and never tamed his back tiatll 
the efTiur was utterly liiet or hopolusa. It does not appear tlial ha 
bad any nautical skill i he did not, at all events, trouble himself 
U) nanceuTre with hii opponent, or to take or keep the wind Ermn 
hia ndrersary, bnC grappled with him yard-nrm to yard-arm, endM- 
TonrJng by superior vigour to sink hiin to the bottom of the at*, at 
blow him out of the water. 

On Und Gustavus made direct for Ihe Russian Mpital, and Iba 
(Onnd of hia eannun was heard in the very pataoa of Iho Caalina. 
But tot the disparity nf hia numbors, and, in Bums Hi'ns'-. fiilli-iiu nt 
rietory, be migbtoertainly have reached St. Poterhbiir^' '■' ' 
too Qucil out of breath with bis Rrsl sucoesB to rfllln>^ .: 

Mid waa therefore soon nverivbelmed and driven at; 

But he never quailed before his eikemy foraninsinnt 

He gained a splendid vii^tory on the 9th of July, I ~, 
oompletely destroyed the Ruseian armament! hut »ueh in the wjjhl 
of tUs wily power, that her cnenies are always indaeod to puMbw* 
peaee, even iu the momenta of their grealeet succcas. Otthannt 
knew how til tui-n a«ile thla doug;hly champion, and flattered hia 
ehlvalrOUB funlinga intu aocepting- a peaca that mi|{ht leave all aol'*- 
reiltis leisurs tu oppisa the Frencli Revolution, while she made hlai 
balieve that ha alone was worthy to head thai enterprise '■ 
But whilst he undertook the preparations tor tins dist 
life wu emrlly aaeriflGod by an asaaasin : Iba noblra foaadl<4V'>| 



1792.] WAB COMMENCED ON NOBTHEBN FBOKTIEBS. 95 

opportunity to gratify their long-cherished hatred, and one of them, 
Ankerstrom, mortally wounded his sovereign at a masked ball on the 
16th of March this year. Gustavus possessed very eminent abilities, 
equal to the performance of the greatest achievements, and a most 
fascinating manner, with a powerful and persuasive eloquence, from 
which he derived signal benefit in many of the most trying exigen- 
cies of his life. This King cultivated science and the arts, and insti- 
tuted an academy at Stockholm, to which it is related that he 
secretly conveyed an eulogy on Torstenson written by himself, which, 
in ignorance of its illustinous author, obtained the prize. 

9. Formal Declaration of War dy France against the Empire. 

On the 1st of March died suddenly, and not without some suspicion 
of poison, Leopold II., Emperor of Germany, at the early age of forty- 
four. His son and successor, Francis II., communicated forthwith 
to the Prussian court his determination to carry out his father's policy 
against France, and to adhere to the Convention of Pilnitz. The new 
Legislative Assembly of France were equally determined on hostilitiesi 
and the unfortunate Louis XVI., pressed alike by friends and enemies 
oneveryside, formally declared war against the young Kingof Bohemia 
and Hungary on the 20th of April, and ordered the formation of four 
armies. The first, to watch the frontiers from Dunkirk to Philippeville, 
consisted of about 60^000 men, and was placed under the command of 
Marshal Rochambeau. The second, of about the same strength, was to 
carry on the defence of the frontier to the Lauter,and was placed under 
General Lafayette. The third was commanded by Marshal Liickner, 
and was to defend France on the side of the Rhine with about 
40,000. The fourth, 50,000 strong, under General Montesquieu, was 
to observe the passes of the Alps on the side of Piedmont. These 
armies were more imposing on paper than in reality ; they had many 
garrisons to supply, which detracted from their supposed strength, and 
Uiey were all infected with the principles of the Paris factions, which 
deteriorated their discipline and their organization. 

10. War commenced on the Northern Frontiers of France. 

On the 29th of April the French troops were set in motion to invade 
Belgium in four columns ; three of which were under Rochambeau in 
chief, and the fourth under Lafayette. The first of these, commanded 
by M. Biron, broke up from the camp at FamRrs,oear Valenciennes, 
with six battalions and as many squadrons, and suddenly founci 
themselves in presence of a small body of Austrians, under Count 
Beaulieu. A sudden panic seized the French troops, who took 
to Bight, crying out, ** Nous somroes trahis I *' The next morning 
Beaulieu encountered some of the fugitives behind the Ronelle and 
dispersed them. Satisfied with the capture of four guns and about 
100 prisoners, the Count returned to his old position. The second 
column, under Theobald Dillon, met with a similar result. They 
quitted Lille on the morning of the 29th, and met the Austrian 
General d*Happancourt near Lamain with 3000 men, who imme- 
diately attacked the French division ; astonished at such an occur- 



t'VW SBFNSVtCX CItOSBXS TITK SHIKB. [a.D 



renee, the scildiera lurneil, snd ulinuted, "A la irahiann I" and Dillon 
ordtreJ Tlienitoreii'en[,»liich llieydid in gomliirdEr: lintnl iheEound 
of the Gumi'ti buliind Iheni thp; set oiT pell-metl, and Bed towardB Lille, 
DilloD endeaiViiuring in vuin to stop tlieni ; but Biawin im they reaohcd 
tliB fortreBB lliey revoiij^ thvmBelTes for tliBJr disgrapB on ihtir 
nntiirlaiutle GeDeml, wlwtn thej inardered on iirvtrni-e of treasNi. 
LsbyelCe wu in full mnrch ou Numur when he lieurd iit lha» di>- [ 
Uten, uu which he hastily returned his division* Ifl his nmp al 
lUncstinea. The French govirnment now ordered Marshal LUcRiMr 
to quit his army an the Khine and replace Ruchainbeau in the c 
nsnd of that of the north. 

Huvhal Liickner, a vclrmii tif seventy yean, tmik ihn CKtum 
of his new diviitiiin neni Lille in the flrsC days uf June, nnd prepared 
to aitvauue on Conrtray, while Lafayette approuFhed his armj' to 
Haubeo^ie in support; but this latter was hero atiaeked on the lOtb 
of Jnns by the Duke of Saie-Teaclien with 12,000 laen. Gemnl 
Guuirow. who commanded the ndvanced guard, wiia killt^l at GDwalk, 
about a league from Maubeuge. Li>fayeii« coming up with k rein- 
ftJKement, die AustHans retired on Mous. On the lOth Liidinef 
mmmnned Cnurtray, which wan garrisoned by only 1300 nieii niidsr 
Cnlonel Myliua. Thiit little force bravely resisted llie whole amyof 
10,000 men sent againit (hem, and npencd a heavy fire upon the 
enemy, under which the gntlaut old Marahal led in penon liia yoanir 
tronpH, saying, " Laiaaez. mes amis, les balles roB[ieeieni les brftvM." 
Although for the moment he g^ot piisaeBsiou of tlie place, he WM 
oliliRed ti> Evacuate i( again on the 30tb. 

The whole country betwei-n L&oncy, Bruges, and Bni'Bela woa mw 
arecrun bytlie Frenoli, and hopes were cimfidenilyeBlerlained tlwl (li 
p«iple in these districts mij;ht be induced to join the reviihitioaai, 
oauae, which boweverthey didnotdoin any great nurobera. Lafkjvttft 
exerliid himself greatly in this war of proclamatiuiis; wtablinlMd k 
Belfiic CDiigreM with some futrilive malcontents, and began tlin «nk 
of dii)[wming detiuacea united with menaces and Cajok'rie* Willi K 
view of unsettling tlie lower chuuea of tlie Belgian oHiple. But tEd* 
weak and vain leader, niistaking alike the temper of his rGTalutioaaij 
party and his own iuflnencE over them, now unadvisedly quitted M 
oommand and repaired to Pans, where lie presented himaeir bttm 
the Anembly to demand the dissolution of the clubs; he was r 
maiily ordered hack M the ttrmy, denounced by Dumuuiiez. and al 
length compelled to Ry for nafecy ID the Austrian Imea. Indred Iw 
"Uly Oicsped the guillutine by imprisonment in an Aostrian dungeon. 
The ImperialisU now assumed the offensive. On the night of ~* 
13th of July fiOOO AuKtriaiiB.aomniBnded by Count de U Tnur,marel . _ 
>i;ainst Orchiea, where Desmoreta was covemor with 600 men. TIm 
attacb commenced al two in the monung, and by daylight Ibe Attt- 
triana were in posseSHion of the place. 

11. Tub Duke or Bbcrswioh ibbueb i Pboclamitiok mn cEOMi 

thk llntxB. 

Ob tlie last days of July two dcclantiuns, drawn up, it ia Mud, hf 



1702.] DUKK or UBCNSIVtOS CROHHBa THE khins. 87 

itif «x-niiui>lMrCiiliiiiiie in a Hlylu of hsuglity and •nnguJiinrj' niaDasc, 
wore (lubliiiliflij uniler tho mitliotity of the Auitriou and rrunuui 
uiverwigiu by Uia Duke uf Bruniwlok, tba GonirnliHinio uf tlis 
•lliBiioe. Tli«ae procluuMfcuig D|iMily rauiuaoil thi cbuh of (li« King 
KKalnsi hi* |ieo|ile, wid ftnu»un<wil tliat llis iillia* ivera nboiit l« aruM 
llie Klilno to «rreM tho [irogren of luurcliy In Pninao uid to rMtors 
lliH ]i<){itiii>n(a nuthoriLy of Llie monucli in liii kingdiitn, but In tlie 
uuna of tba allind ■o>t<r«l|ciui tile OeiiRniliMiiuu abjurvd BV«ry 
1 ivw iif liimtiitt RKicmidiwmiiiii. Tlisie iiraolmaktiaiii Iim i|uitv n aon- 
tnty aHMt to tlwt wbicli Ihvy w«re inMndsd la jirudaM. They eon- 
Hniinl anJ inorMwd tlie liiflueuoe of the Jakoobinieiil iMdcni, ind 
UiB detlinmeuicnt of llic^ Kinjj bcaikii lianoeforwKrd to be openly 
■[nkcti -if, On the Srd uf Auzust, Pction, tba lata Mayor of Ftrw, 
KlipMlvd at ihe bar of the Aiiaonibly to drmuid the depoaitluu of 
].ouii. Oil Iho 8th the iiritatioa In th« cnjiiUJ, ooeuiioncd by thuM 
[in>e*«>lhij{a, had ilri'^dy Mlaiufd HKrenthniiiht. On ihH lOlh iiunia- 
ruua b«ndii uf umicd n»ii, pravidod with artillery, inarulied tu the 
Tuillnrleii, aud forcinii tlw jpitaa, uv^rwheliiii'd tliu guarda Hiid niabad 
it). Tha KiriK wiili all )iia fNinily, iii iear of tlwir Uvea, tui)k aholter 
in tho li»ll uf tho AHMiiilly, whioh was at ths tinm itittliif;. Uurinjj 
tho (Muiwe uf thi lioitid inwiaere tliat cneuod threu dd^ran wcro 
)iaiiB«d dMibi'init tlia exrouUra power <if the Crawn Mupended. 
TliBir majettiw war* forthwith truiiniittpd to tho priaan of the 
TMDple, and tliera |iUmd uiidar strict couRiiameat. Tlie cotiatl(u< 
tion «a> thus offeotually overthrown. Dumuuricit, who had boon 
die KIng'a War Mlniater, and other goDcrals with him, aubinitted to 
ih* naw govarument, and tho fonaer waa appuiiiwd tu tha eoioDund 
of the amiy nf ibe North. 

Tha alliod amiim rniMiid ilm Rhinn iicar Cubleud In three 

ordumiui wider the Priiiou oF llt>li<:'Nlohe uii the IhI of August. On tha 

SriOi* Uingof Fruaiiiarcvio»i.-d Iho wbuIufr)rae,to which wore united 

I UbOVOFfanehctnigraiitBimilvr tho iiiiiiicdiHte«oniinaiid of their RoyftI 

"'- ' • " iwwee the Ctmnla do I'l-civoiiou and d'ArtoU, brother* of the 

b Kins, but beingiii ri'nllty under Ihe ordcra of the Prinee of 

kod MariluU do Brogliuaud Caatriea. This cor|>a wm a brilliant 

o of III* old aotdiera und ffty ciurtidra of tlia French monoreby. 

. Tha Infkntry waa couipoeed uf Itiu iiolilIILy and guiitry of Franea, 

bU there was with ihulil oiiu bHtlaliiiil of tlie old Irish brl^e; 

the oiTftlry waa entlnly ramiHawl of yunng oavaltura, aerving ni the 

nalHfrMn aDslithkUiasm tu the Ruynl enueaj Ilia whole waa adtnU 

J nbljr adapted fbr a rinrte d'UUt, but it was never an elauiinit w 

r MMUtb in tha campaign. The Gemau policy was to dielnuit any aid 

I of Ihw kind, and aamuobaapuwililc to uapenaa with their Maiitanoa: 

iMtwd of fbnnlnB tbetn into one single maw round wbioh otbon 

might rally, they di»ided that these omigranta should bo divided into 

UdlvUiiUB, and In tliis manner attached to the several corps tlint 

trnml tho gmiid army. 
• I'huca.if Hobenlolte, wlUi IH.Ona Aoatrlans, atterpaaslng tho 
RhiDe, t<i'<>c<H>dvd slowly and with wius agiparenl tiiniiliiv, altluiiwb 
Fruw* waa thought a oertain eouqunti from the knowledge alrawy 
Vol- IV, n 



9B BKLATITE FOBCEE OK TS£ OESUAN rBONTIEB. [A.S. 



obtBined of Ihe inferitiril; in diacipliite nndeiuipmpnt of Ihenev leriM, 
■ad tnm tbe iiiLeatine iliBorders of Ihe kingdom. Itvaanot liB Ibe 
Sib that tbe iIIkb onwaed tbe Moselle, but od the Olli thej' ei)can>p«d 
nearKoiuSiWhere the]' retimiiied till tbe ISth. Ac lBngth,oii the ISiIi, 
■fler having m&rched furty leaftuiw in twutitj' days, Ihej erosMd Uie 
French frontivruid cnoaiupled at. Ttoeerlet, where tbej' uuiledllieni' 
mIvcb witbGeueral ClairGul'a aorpa of 18,000 men, wlio joined Ihaa 
out of FIonderB. At the lint lulimatiun of this movemBUt of tlie 
German armieE, IS,DOO men were ordered lo be Msembled behind 
the Lauler, under Cuxliiie, «hu was directed to gai-ruon Landftu. 
Tile Prince of HDhenlubR-KJrchlierg, in ignnmice of these ineasute^ 
inveeted the tirtreM uii the lOtli. Another detaehilient of Iha alliM 
advanced from Cobleotz, iutending to peoetrate tlie fmnHcr h; CTM*- 
ing tbe Sarre between Thiouville end Lougwj. Here KelleriiiMW 
waapoBled. At Foutoy, De«prfc- Crewier with 4000 men fouiid him- 
self attacked on tlie IStli by 22,000 Ainlriaus, and feli back ou tiw 
approach oftheenemv. On the ZOlh the alliee iurealed Longwt undtV 
the immediaieBuperviBLoniifiheKingof Prussia and tho Duk« olBrana- 
wiok. This place was garrisoued by IBOO men under Lkiaaqna, fart 
made ne tasistHnce, fur it sontiudered afior a mere bombwdnMal m 
the S4th. Tiic niiieil aimies however on their aide were detcnniHd 



'/> hurry tlieiiiwh'GS, ao lliey waited jsatientljr till the 
then slowly advuiced lo Venluu, which place was iavesled aud aooi* 
mnned <id the Slat ; a beary liomluirdmeal was opened on the InVB 
where Colonel Ueaureimire euuiniaiided with 3300 men; the inhabit- 
ant*, alarmed for their pro|>erty, uisialed on liis cHpilululia^, irhiA 
having Tainly opposed, he in ileH]>ftir blew his braias out in (lie couneH 
chaiubnr, where he wis dlacueiiiugllie (juestioiL On the ilndof Se|i- 
tsmber both the town and citadel surrendered. 

The approach of tlie allies into France determined a new coune tJ 
action on the part of the republlcanH, and the praviaional eoTennneiii 
tlutt was now established at once ordered a defensiTe ■yatem tf> b« 
•very where adopted for the prutectiun of the frouliers. MMndail 
Liiekner therefore withdrew hie troops froni Courtray wilhln ibt 
French nMDtier; and Duiimiiriez established a ciinip on the Maulllir, 
where he begao to diecipliui? his troups by frequent I'lvctice, in order 
to form the germ of a good army. 

12. Reutiyk Forces on the Gerhin FKOhtiKR of FatHOt. 
y On t1iv 1st of September both armies were thus sitiiatrd : that «f 
the allies under the Uukeof Saxe-Teevhen novcred tbe Nctlierlaad* | 
CUirfait waa advaueed Ui Slenay, an the Meu«o ; h«ad-quai'tcr> WMval 
VerduD, on tlie Mine river, wiih BO.OOO rnisaliuia and niber GnnntM; 
«cond line the llessiaas were it Longwy, and the AuMrtaM 
*'""" """'""rville; tlie emigrants' force were at Uvmioh, 0* 



the aide of the French anuies Dnmouriei at Seihm connaandin* IB 
Beleian frontiers with 30,000 men. UeiiiH*) K*l- 
lermanii wii aejiamted from him by the Pri 



r Metx with 20,000, Custiae wna at WelssenbourK with IA,OM, 
' "' a was lu Alsace with 30,01)0. The road apjieared clinriy 



AFFAin OF TALUT. ! 

Open froin Verduii to TarU, and tlie King of Pruwia roseilr 
[to advance nn ibe Drd uf Sr|j|i-iiilnir; but tile Toreat of ArEoimu, I 
iveea tlie Meuse and the Artlie, hail l<i bs paasnd, and UuiimuH 
rmcerled willi KellermaDn tn uuite their foncB at (jntnd Vei, 
ifeiid this appruach. Tbe Prusaian kdviiiitw lu Vurvm; 
Ind LandTM turned tliu Frenuli.anddiBckedDumourivK, wlio, iievi _ 
, alill occupied Iho |Huei of tliu Islcttea. KellsniialiD •jUitteJ 
Met! on th« 4tli,aud msrohinit by Lieiif , (weatjr-fivu luiguoa, throw a 
bridye uver tlie Mama at \itry on tbo Ittb; at tlio wids tnomeiie 
DunmuriaE Imil taken up lib position at St. Ueaehouid, iu a gmu 
■tnit; for lie felt that if lie qoitted it he left apeli ihschauw^u ' 
Cbsloaa, tba high road to Puv. He aaiit therefora tu lualeu Kail 
■mdh Io march and lu call in BeaumonviUe, and lia cummanded 
IHUon to hold to tlie Uat extniiiiity the IiilettKH &nd PaanyaDi.at tl>e 
WUramlty of the Argiiiine, ag&inst the aiUwlw of the PrunitLiia. lu 
■ndh A poailinn lie waii nbla to Htop the cueiuy uid wnit for llie rein- 
laroeiiieula that were haBteiiiiitt up to him. Tlie Fi'eiich Gttaeral 
I libnied hia post at St. Moncbuuld, on the uonHiioa of the Arj(Ui) 
■nolher ThermojiylDe; " thimgli," he aaid, " 1 shall he more fun 
than LeoDidHa." Tliua affairs hiooiI on the 17i)i. Od iho other side 
thaDulteuf BninBwiEk,irreHoluteiindproci-Baiiiutiag,bnd nut passed 
CItmnoDl. He appenred unequal to avail himself of the HdvanUges 
he Lad already gained b; turning the left uf the repubKcoas. whilu the 
French generals pruHled by bi« exlroordinoi'y delays to cecnverlhani- 
aetvn fi'uni tlie JMpardy in which Ihey tvunld have bean plncud had 
the Argoiina been paaaed. DumouHez hud only 2G,U00 men with hiio, 
of which eoOO were cavalry; but Kellerui.nu oaa at Vitry, and 
Beaumonvilla at Chalons. Had the I'rus^ns tlirown themselveB be- 
tween theseinrps with their vast and dissiplined forue, it had been all 
up with the Freiiuh. General L'laiiinit indeed hud attacked the French 
poat atCroix-aux-UolBwiih hia advanced guard on the ]ich,andhiul 
got poausuon ut it and aeparatod General Chnznt from Duuiouriei. 
lu tbia encounter Colonel the Priuoe de Ligne was killed ; but the 
inin German army remained inactive at Landres, wliile the French 
Qeneral-in-Chief aeelug the immintnce of his situation had iiuw col- 
lected his detached corps, who effected their juiictioD Willi him on tlie 
tilth, the i>ne on hia left and the other on bia right. As Boon ns the 
allies ubaerved that Dumuuriez liad ijuitted Grand Pvi tliey ijullttd 
Landroa, aD<l va the lII(li,Clairrait uiid Knlkreuth had been sent uerusa 
the Aisne, with the view ot advauciug Lu tuini the French i 

Tlie King of Prussia was in camp at MasHJgea, nnd hi3*Majesty^^ 
wilbnut concert uilli the Duke i>f Ilmnswick, and deveivci' 
tliB iiitenliuns of the French General, whom he thought ti 
retreat, reeolTed to attack tlie farces opposed to him at six o'c 
the morning of the SOili. Hia advnnced guurd accordingly ic 
un the right towards Somme Uiuune, under a thick fog that ^revt^nted 
Btl IfnoifVed^ of tiie enemy's position. 'WVieft 'A tXaatai. «*,'>■'- ^™^ \ 
o'clock, tbo French aiaiy appeared in p<»\iuin'.ftiei.fri.^i''^*'™''fe'*^ 



f 



•flrtr, < 




•iui>tti\f i<riu<-l>l>d l>i hitjiuliiMi •111) (lilt iiilu III Uukv of Vahnjr, 
li. Tun AuMjt Anhiu Kvm w\ H«vMk 



1792.] TUB AXi.tEt> AsuiRa BEPAsa the mettbe. 101 

<Ura actLon provod (« be etjual to a, defeat; for in proporiion an it 
•sailed the ardour of titc l-'rencti, it depressed that of the Germnna. 
Tlieir enemy wu no longer to be desjiised: he bad aleadily held hia 
ground, not flinching either althe heaiy fire of the artillHry, nor nt 
Iltu |ir*BUnoe ofnaaBBHtuitanthetop of their poaitiou. The iiiTadrra 
were unprovided Kith Btorea and praviwons; continued rains hail 
dratniyed the aummunicaliana; fur four dayetiiB troops had no olhrr 
rialiineni than bulled corn, wliicli had already produced dyaentery 
diwaaes that liad made exleniive ravagea amongat them, no i«a 
th«n too havini; been ioat to sinffle reramenta. The duke of Bruna- 
vick aomrdinglyeDdeavDured to save the monarchy and the life of the 
King by nejrutiDtioiu; and on the S3nd of September he sent in two 
eolonela to Dumouriez with propnaitioDS. TJiese viere referred to 
Paris i but it was replied thai the Republic had been paoclaimed, and 
thai no terms could now be tiatened to while the alliea occupied [he 
Freneh territory. In ihia conjuncture some auppliea arrived on the 
Seib, and the King of Prussia took advantage of the circumaCance to 
I the Duke to attack again; but the latter, reflecting on the in- 
I of the victory of Valmy to (he French, and the danner to tbe 
allia if ihvy should be unable to repass the dclllea of tiie forest of Ar- 
gonae, deiermined on a retreat; and on the 30tli the Prusalans brake 
upborn ilananudUamnianin on. tha Bionne, and repassed Grand Pr« 
on Uie Sad and 3rd of October, while the Auairiaos alio retired frum 
dcltnont and Varennea. General Dumouriol, natwithflUuiding tile 
•Deeon of the day, was uneiviy in hia poaition, and al ninb o'clock in 
lb* night Kellennsnn marehed by hia left, to cnneentrate hia romes 
bMwatn bampreire and Voillemont. Hiicamniuuiimlions with both 
VJUy and Bar enabligd him to procure supplies. He received from 
Pari* tha moat nrgt-nt remonetrances to retire brhind the Menaa, 
aoj plao* that position in security, to cover tlie road t" the eapitiil, 
~iil ha replied with flnnneaa, tbat he woa better aliualed where he 
M, to tat againat the enemy under every' con tingcnoy. From some 
MM or other, ho did not anervarda make that vigorous pursuit of 
MAlliadannieB that might hare been expected. As aoon oa Du- 
snriaiE ma apprised of their i*etreat, he took some mensnrea, it ia 
«■ (O dielurb thain. The detachment at Sedan, under Miaoaiusky, 
lloxar4ered b> inter«ept tbe einignnt corpa d'arm^e, came up with 
MS At the villace uf Seye, uid opening, aome guns upon them, 
MBtoil an alarm Uiat hastened their retreat ; the Prlnoea lost thrar 
**IJ-'t"- ""' *"'« I'itftl pour l<t prar. The whole allied army safidy 
nOiMd tlie Meiue.andeiitabliahed themselves behind Longwyantho 
Slal. wliile Uumouriex aei out fur the eapitid. to eujoy his triumph 
■ad make new anangemenls for the invasion at Belgium. 

WhlU tbe allied srmius entered Champagne, Custine was nut iille 
on Um aJde of the Khine, Henritig thai Count d'Erboch had marehed 
tTomi 111* pnat on tlie Ilth of September, leaving the magutlnra at 
Spin la a waak delwhmenl nndor Colonel Winahelman, he suddenly 
- - ■ - Linal him on the SOtli, and forced him not only to try to 
■OSS llie lUiino, but failing that, tu lay down hia itrmewith 
I. He then took posHesaion of Wonm and Fnuikenlhal. 



/ 



102 W4K OM rm TTAttAK mOtntKB. [JJD. 

Aotlro unci >Tnliil<nui>, Cuollna would not limit hia mirramia In nuh 
iinimpnrtsnt ngiliim, but r*KilTail to open an Intriso' to it«t ft- 
nfiino iif tlin fiittrvH nf Mtymt*, which ha rItteUiMj did im (Iw 
SSnil of Octnher, *n<l hiit tm not tllowail hinwclf U be ckIM itcj 
by the iilnnilrr nf the fm cily af {'nnkfiirt, ha nriiht have gM fn*- 
■cninn mIihi of Oiblentz «n<l tha (art uf Ehrmbreliiitnu bvf'm thi 
■IIIm. who had tnoM anat^mnlalilf linicPrwl till the 3«lh in L«un. 
btrarg, eniild )■■*« iwlamcd for thr pniTrction of lhair rtar. 

Tha cffpct uf the mliu>f*inn pmtrd )ij tha few wiirijn ■pnken bjr 
KailtrniBnii nt Vilmy, made the flnt vhanffB In il« apirii of tlieremfr- 
liean tronpa • wlilch fnirn tlniidll]' and want nf dliFlpliiH ihenNferib 
earricd (him fnTword tn victor; and e'"^'- Aboat ihie mrw ptttal 
unthfr trlfla cama In aid of thair fnlllury incMH. An ofltctr of 
aflillnrv natnad lUugat rnmpoHd tha hymn wll«l the ManallUk 
Apart fmm nil approval of ihc hymn liaalf, tharu !■ no duubi that )M a& 
fact on Kraneli *nthiuia«n haiibiwi Immenne. Itaonliiliuwd loeirila 
Iba anlmatlnii uf tha new lariM.aiiilkRplallx Ihaaouragaor tha rid 
■uildlani. Napnlaon fl*an in JBIW did nut think It Inn anuill a coo- 
■IdaraUon, (n dlrart, by a jcneral 'inl^r, that thi* mmlc ahimld a*> 
ernnpany hia anny ti) the ronnuait nf Bnrlhi. The tricnlnur flag wh 
now unfurled, for tha Hrat tinu-, in fava nf tha mt'my, wbui Iha 
Hapablle had bean deelared. Much doubt hu arinen aa 10 ih* 
(election of tha colnori of thla national ftait. It i>aa Ivan «aid, that 
tha red and blue wcra the oulnura nf I'lrli, and that whito *aa to 
mark iha Intltnaio nnlim whkih ahnuld mbaiat Iwtwrpu it and tlw 
ETmy. Oihan ha^a Mid, that (he flrat two eolouta whtc adoptad In 
nimplifnenttA Kgallt^, and were tha Orlenni M^try. I auapect tba 
mora roaaonalrin intrrpralallon In bo, that red, blue, and arhha 
having been the component anlnura of Great Uriuln, tlia Dnii ' 
Pmlne«a,and tha Unttod Male* Kepublle. were rcgnrdad aa r*— '' 
of liberty alaewhare, and Ibanee adapted by tha franeh. 
U. V/in ox tna Italuk Fnommi. 

It la not tn ba axpeoted that prudenae ahnuld aTor ba fnoBdl 

mncnttlo aaaambliaa, but often tha arrnfanee iif their jf 

and tha indiaorael bnldnew of their agent*, carry out m 
tha mint impmdent ieiign* '. Joat at the miimant when the eon- 
fademle arniifa had caplnred Verdun, and emild bare readily 
marelied, with an enterpnuns apirit, to Pan* Haeif, tlia idea waa prn- 
jHiunded and acted npnn In Franer, nf telxlnjt the pro*>nee of Savoy 
and the enanty of Nice, and adding them Ui tlio repnblinn terrlton. 
In the atrateKFtlcal tiewi nf Galilean policy, Iheee olbeta of Ilajj 
had hvuii ref^rded, elDoe the daya of BiTwiek, aa more French tbn 
Italian. The prorlnoe of 8aToy waa at ihia time oonipkd by 8000 
iir 10,000 Sardinian troop* under Canaml Lai!af7, which wera dla- 
neraed m> aa tn watch tha iaauea by way of Seyaael, Chamber^, atnl 
Monlmeliang and Victor Amadaua had already made blmaelf it oh- 




1792.] WAB on THE BELQIiX FRONTIER. 108 

oxioiu lo tlie Itepublic, llmt it wu aliiioM regarded u h prime 
Mtiotial vinue to ovenel hU Lingdom. Genenl Motilssqoieu had 
teen leut (o the Alpine provinecB in May, tad by the brginning 
rf September hod obUined wlCliority from Iho gDvemnif>nI lo itiviid« 
Wvoy, *t (be Mune time llw.t mother force woa ordered to opcnto 
Mniatt Nrcie, in conaerl «ilh the national fleet Imm Toulnn. On 
iliie night of the SOih and 21M, Geneml Laroche with the advaneed 
fiard eroased the frontier tnwar<li F'n-l Barraux, while General 
Carabiaaea Ihrealened the mad b; Mount Centa. Tlie PiodmontcBe 
* '.1 back on their approach, and without BloppiiiK in defend Ihe 
^DD); potitlou nf Montmelian crossed the iwr», and l<«k poal iu the 
.. wntaitia at Aanecy and Ai<|uelielie. General Monleaiiuieu too- 
tisnted hiniEclf with eatabhahini; himself at Cliamberf oo the S3rd, 
'^Iier«.lnKTer;tliarttinie,he waaauperseded bjr a Jacobin governor. 
The French Heet had no apprehensiona, ao tniig aa there waa ptM« 
■Uh Great Britain, and could render all aaaiatanre lo any e;(peditian 
IBunat Viae without anjr eonsiderslion for tliameelvea. Accordingly 
|£bnital Traguet, with nine veaaela, having ironpa on board under 
^*^ ml Lahnuill«ni, nniled lo about flOOO men on alinre under the 
I of General Anselnie, appeared on the SSih of Seplemher 
■B Nioe. The Count do St. Andra, who cominaoded here, had 
Kbwtt 400U a-iidiFra and as many militia, but 214 )tuus were said 
|u b« mounted on the ramparta of tlie diffireiic plncea un the left 
cf tb» Var, and tliey were ail well pniviBioned, The Admiral 
"baring demanded that the French Consul should be scat abnard, 
^ general and governor of the fort took aliirTn,*nd immediately 
Hfithdtew the troops from Nice, and retired to a Btning position 
M Sonrgio and Ca\ de Tende, where they effeclually barred the 
tmd to tlie Sardiniaa oaintBl. The most horrible exceaEea were 
ikted in Ihe cnptured town, where some 6000 French enii- 
« had taken refnge, and against whom botli tlie wldierH and 

■» showed erery species of hostility. Mcnlalliin anil Villa 

Franehe (the latter the ammal of the Sardininu army) were next 
Mnquereif without resiatancc. The French aqundmn thru made 
Mil for Genoa, where the Admiral caused tlie llopulilic lo be »a- 
farawledged. 

16. War 0^ THE Beloii.i PaoNTiEn— Ci^:^oI'^I'E op Lillk. 

When Dtimiiuriea recalled from Ihe North all the disposable forcsH 

make head against the Duke nf Krunswick'a invaaion, ho only left 

_JMar6000mea in Ihe intrenched camp at Maulde, and about 4000 

eutloDed at Bruille, St. Amend, and Orchlca, under Uie commnnd of 

Ceneral Mnreton ; General Unune with a division nf 0000 men 

gnarded an intrenched camp at Manbsuge. After the defwi^ure 

at General Clairfait tu the Rhine, the Duka Albert of Saie-Teschen 

iud left with him, [or the defence of his government, thirty-seven 

"ma and forty squadrons, after providing foiirleen other bat- 

, f«r (he ^rrisonmeni of the BWmg ^lueea vti. v\\b Hi6*«^«»rfa, 

ifB, rtare/ure, determined by way ot di-vcraiTO.m«Xi'>'v'>!!'«^^™»™* 
-- ■— up llie French quartotnj and cm ftva ^t4 ol 'aB^«a^'^«* "^ 



lUt w*u III) Tim usi.iiiAM imittTita. [«.o. 



.. ■■l,tli,,,.K.l|l<...nit-r<l*MmlllMv 



x=:,' ■ !"'■ ■'"• ' "• '-"■ 

li;:::;: 



WmiJlIV'.-ll llr III! 

ill* IrsimliM will' 
Ihe Hral iwrsllnl 



< ilm jiliiw, mmI )Iw aiii'xiiii •■ 
'iril Ht wliM ihi fTHil ■»)>!« km 




pLTSS.] BATTLE OF JBUIUfPKa. lOS 

if the Nfflfaeriiu)<l>, rtrrived in llie Auatriau ca.ro |i. and the 
1 ealebrftted wlih > rene-tvid nf th» (ira; Uut llie ■muiu- 
Ihu lieuegHrn nuv begau (o r»il. Tor 60,000 bulls iin> Mid (i) 
n Ihrnwn ulrsMly inUi tlie lowii, Mumivur. nl tliia tiins 
» Albert hv*nl of tlia ntroM -if tlie allieJ Mini]' ftflBr Vnliti)', and 
__m naltjr increuinic braes thiu w<>re usemblwl Iwfure him, Hid hv 
hiv« ofden on tlie eth M wiihdmw llie h«v)' tpina, and uu tlip morn- 
^ot thoSth tlie trvnehi* wens «<nu!UUBd. The retrnt wu mndo 
mly, kod feebly (bUovrod up by Gensnl CJirunpiroiriii, but u soon 
■ tha (Dwny ww g'lne, iha inhftbihuita rushed to the Aiutriiui worhi 
id Km them down with their huida, eiin^cd at tlie violence of their 
mbwdroent and the niiu it had causod lo thenMslviw aud their 
The rataiug of the ei^e af Lille <nw rec«ved by the luatiuu 
ih MlhuHiawn, and numbers, flrtd with indigfanlian at an iiivauKii 
If Fnane, now rusheil tnitn every quiirter to jiuD the ranks of the 
' niM) of the Republic, 

li. Battle of Jevjufpe^. 

DuninuriH* was still at Paris when these ereabs took plaoe, and 

~~* with driiglil an army aaseniblnd on the Belgian rmiilluri cuii- 

Mt id the speedy raiiremeiic of the allied nrniioa fi'utn the Froncb 

litury, he roi permisdun Intake thecimiinaiidof du armydeatiirad 

B limide the Ausiriaa NotliarlaD'ds. He nuw drew fpum Cham* 

I arery disposable curpa, and tbue soon ainaesed an annjr 

na MJKHI to IIH>,000 men between Namur and Toiirnay, rMdy 

n tnarch farwaril on BruaaelSu l>uke Albert waa now iu a grvat 

■rait. As the Kreiicli enucvntred llieit furces, it was f<iF his Im- 

paiial tliftbiiHas tu consider wlietlier 1m> vruuhl attempt tii repel tliu 

I thnatunwj invasion by drawing all hie forces together fur ilia 

I defence of the eapttal, (aa Welliaglon aflerwards did at Waterloo,) 

I or eaieud his attny for ilie defence of the whole frantier from the 

I Sambra to the North-Wost. lie determined on die latter, and 

I ncatU-icd his farces along the entire extent of tliie vast line. La- 

I tour with ten batlalioiia and two siiuadrona waa left lu cover Yprsa 

' and r'landwa aa far aa Ttiumay. The Duke of Wiruniherg waa 

si Touniay with niiifl liattalioiia and tun B(|ii*dniiia ; fuiS' battalion* 

aud auvwi squadrons were nt bury to keep up the onRimiiuJealioQ 

with UukH Alborl, who was at Muiis with olevrn battalions and 

filtwii w|iiadn>iie ; 4iHHI einlgi^s ware at Namur; and Clair&ut 

from BruiiBnii^k's arm; was expe«leil with lOJMO men to HII up 

the gap abiiut t'liartnroi, but only oiie brigade uf it had arrived on 

tbe IM of No.uiub.r. 

Dnmriurios juinod tha army on the Mtli. end established his 
bckd-iiuiirtei-* on the 94th of October at Quitvnin ; lie saw the 
oppirtuiilly that the dispersiiHi of the Iin|ierialiaU aDiirded him of 
evadlDK their loft altngather, and he jireiianid Uiu meana of oanvlug 
out a plan with this ubjeol. Un tU* I8tb he ordered UenenJ Uen- 
Benm with 8000 man tu advance by Condi', and threaleu the emtr* 
9t Hm aneniy's line at Atb. Ilmiumonvillo lauk position with th« 
JdrMMod guiird at Quidrrain to keep up the oonimunications, whUfl 



( 




lOfi UATI'LB or JEUIlJkPl'KS. [jLS. 

L>timird'intim;'<i,*itli IH.imo mm llin>iil*nail TmntAf In hMrp In fbdt I 
LktmirV onrpa, Tbo dmIii •rnij' uinUr lli" i.-™™! mrUi.l -lib 
aa,mNI man mmwI Ih* OFiitr* to MtaBk l>i' i 
wliiht Oanvral Vulrnc* un Um rlglit wh* t>> i. 
diHlniHtlimnrciklrriUpiiNimur, who »« 
Hurvllla wirli IS.non mm hrtx-Dii Mauli' <i! - 
!»r<lofN..v c'i...,,.,.,! l|.-Mirt».iivllU. 

Ii« mixl ' ' 'I rl>->, whohllRll tl<-i»M 

flrnl ■ ':-■::•] lixmiilrrr* with « I"''' 

QoNMlttHin, KnanrriMi, >nil < i| '< 

Hrnii u MaulK!U|t<. On No" ' 

Ml Ml**nsi7 111 > umnKly iii'i 

jitivtnit bi« riaht italilUlifl bi ■! ii ■ 

riiwni**. Till* piallinn, iibHihII.v k I, -n- ni— iU (■ 

iMn rvdcHilii*. iirnivd wlili llilrfj-nU giiaii, anil a \m-' 
pl*M* of gmil wUlira wiw In rn«iir»p. Oemmil UcBiiir' .1 
iha Uft uid I'lftlrhlt tlia riKlil : VnlniDe Iid.I Ult.rl 1 
tni*Bl nf (III* latlpr Rtiivnil, wliloh gn''- t" >'" 

tw>Tily>lwii lint inllmia lit a iiimit imimrin' ■■■ 

nil aii» llaiik niiil Cipl; oil til* other w*r» 1." ' ' 
miflh liy a IjntliiMnii, BI11I til- orr|MWwiii.l -1 1 ... 
alTimM an hUiiIh hir li* iMtner. (in ili< 
viitiiiH I'liko iIp <'linrlnw(ari>rw*rila Kltio I . 
Ill ll,. roi.ln' im-lrr [tumciiirlnl, Oi^llaml I 

Ixn.aiiil llvHiir •Illnanil l)ani[iliTni cji, . 

an I If WD ■ iiirfiil\y liifBiHar In niiioli>ni> 'm 

Klailly now hnv" ikliiyail to dIimIi IMi furi'in, 1 [ ' . . 

no I'liolaH loll til nepBiit a tiaiil* nr iwlrnt, >ilili')i Imi w.xilil li»« 

invTUalilv liiDi tliu )HmMMi>liHi ul Ihi wholo N«th*rlaiiitii. 

At alght III tlin innrnlti|{ ot llin fflh tha oantiniiftiU kifcan. nnMnI 
tlarvilla wb* <llrr«lril t'l nntHaiik Iha ■nrm)' tnlwfiin ('l^il/ m4 
Himi, anil if hi' ■limilil bn furuoil to mtlrx, liv wa* t'l an'liairifHf ta 
mawanrnn of tlia lialilliU of Htlay bajronil Mnna to Fill hint (iff 
Hniwalii. Furratiil wm aanl Airwaril In etrry llio vfllan at 
rlEnrni wUli 111* Irft King, anil a* aonn m lia hail liiniaJ lb« 
y'li rliilii. wiiijt, tliii liiil>" il" I'linrlnw liail iirilnni l" ailTanra nn 

im|<|i' ■■ > i;'..r ,.., I I, J ,..., .1 ilimfral FUal> 

*i.- ■ ' I ■ ■ ' '■■ ■ alil III allaek 

II.. I I I .. ., ,..: , . . i.„f,«li„|,ailr.. 

.1 ■' ... II.. i...i,it i.f tl>* two 



C 






mrfiti/vni of iMay, aoiit hi* ftido-il«-™H«v"I\«'»i'"™* *"******"" \ 



1792.] BATTLE OF JEMMAPPE8. 107 

VKiid to MflHull the hill in front nf Jcminappea, lenving his guna 
behind liitn ; chiH brave olil general actMiidiiiEl}' led up hia troops 
' Bnrried the poBJIinn with the bayonet, notiviihHlanding the fire 
be emia, which killed ■ horsB aniier liim nnd pive him n severe 
The Generat-in- Chief now ordered the wnod of Flennn, 
ieh covered the elope m the centre of the enemy's pneition, to 
att&cked by three cnlumna of bntlalions of the divieion of the 
ihtke do Chnrtrea and the two generals Frfg^ville and Nurdman ; 
^ree of tbese batt^lioaa beeame separated by a i^od whieh mounted 
Ilia hill, aod were attacked by som-e cavnlry and cut to pieces, while 
ighteen battalions exposed to a. crorl tire gave vny and fell into 
ifttsion. The Dnke de Chnrtres. nt length succeeded in re-estab- 
Ing order, and putting himself at the head of the tiutips carried 
e FMOubls with the bayonet, while a brigade of clinKieurs and 
MftM kept the enemy's cavalry in check. Chtiriait, whose divirion 
a drftwn up between Jemniappen and the wood of Flennu, re- 
lied nnbly, and the attacking tmnps snifered cnnsidersbly. The 
ig»de nF Dnmet was repnlicd and its general killed, hut Bea 
Oville now appeared to threaten the left wing of Clairfait'a n 
■Bd| and thul general sent forward the drngoons of Cobnrg, who 
ida a brilliant charge against the batlnliuu of Vivarais, but without 
Dcen and with great I>«b. 

Damoarie^e, after ordering the attnek on the centre, repaired ti 

Iti^t, where Beaumonville was already advanopd too far, Bnd bad 

HMM mveloped l>y six Anatrisn batlatinna anil exposed to the 

mteKFiis fire of five redoubts near to Cueames. Dnnipierre had 

laert arrived to hia nsaistaiice, by advancing nn the extreme left 

the enemy, which released the six batiHliuna, who dow nbtain- 

_[ yco aiun of two of the redoubla turned Iheir guns upon the 

ying defeuders. Cliurfait, however, still nobly maintained the 

defence, until ux squadrons of chsssenrs with some battnlionH of 

General Dampierre, under the influence of Ihe General-in-Chief, 

poared down upon the AuBtTiana, nnd at this moment a cannonade 

*na heard in their rear, and the shnt came in nn bolli sdvenaries 

believed from General H&rville's division in r^sr of the 

I l(fl) ; both aides for a miiment hesitated, in ignorance of 

. the repuhlicana soon recovered their hddnesa, and 

sir ehorge, which forced their adversaries upon the 

Mans. Beanmonville now aeot forward hia troops to the 

lit of the other redoubla, and carried them. At the same moment, 

mriez, who had, in ignorance of these successes, gone to Cha 

(O bring up reinfnrcements, was returning with six squadrona, 

Qt« Duke do Montpenaier arrived with newa of the taking 

Vilt4ge of Jemmappes, and that the battle was won. 

flM AlUU^ana are said to have loHt 5000 men killed, wonnded, and 

iMnv with eight guns. The French lost many distinguished 

IM i and General Danipierre, to whom the soldiers asaigried the 

i SlMy, and the Uuke de Chartrea, highly dislioguiahed them- 

iva. DumouriEX hud two horaes killed under him. The defeated 

'(•tirvd through Mbns, covered by Beaulieu,and croeeed the river 



} TRB mExcn BEBiene astwbrp abb ifAMCE. [a-b. 



/ I, 



llaj'iia by K brid);? of bniiu, nmr Niiny : in llir T'h tiiey cBuijwd >t 
Salmiloi, aiirl on IlicBlh al Tiililne. Tlia I»»ii of Mrma iras f VBCUiUil 
*lllinut *liy dcfeDCO, and Dumourlex liUIjIiiiIihI hia ilmiUouarten 
thara on the 7>!i : "n tlw fallawlng day Touriiuy mmndrred, bat la 
llail or purMilni IIib beaten anamy, the Frnnrh ml down qutelly fat 
fl*» lUya, \h rml tiwt tlie htlgue ttX vlot<iry, and did luit aiiala inoi* 
lufvard lill tlieiatli. 
IS. Furuck inTan Baiiuetj) — Bmimx Ai'Twmi' ikd NaHnn. 
On tha mill the Freuoh army cnine ii[> nl Andarlneht with tha 
itaritnard of tlie Auitriana, miiHiiting of 6000 uavalry, imdar the 
fHnauaf WirtHnbei^. Tho fntnsli advanced Kuardwa* mi waraly 
rewivad by tliem un ilia 13th, that Dumouriea wa* fUHwd la bring 
tip a Itrunit reinforcamenl with arUlUry, in aupport ; but the Prinoa, 
navarthelM*. maintained tlia oumlMit for alx boura, in *hkih dia 
dragoDii* of Latour and Ilia Hulina ureally diatin^^iahwl IhemaalTaa, 
At kiigih Duntuuricx oarrled the pMltion, wltli a Iom on both iMm 
of about HHI men, and encaniDed no tlie Held of battle, whlla tlw 
Auairlaiia cnnllnued thidr marcli lhrou|[1i BruimU, and on tha l4tli 
the Preneli army anlered Bruwala, wliera they were reealirMl wMi 
enthiiHiimni. 

TliK iTiiiwriiiUola, neraietiiig in dividinif ilieir Blrenglh. ralofiirMd 
the gnrriauii at Maiinw ; wliila llie ri){lit, nnd»r ClalrUt, axlMldad 
their flank towards Antwerp, Hnd General* BeaiilieH un the lalt «■■ 
on the Mehaijine tu defend till! apuraaehra to Narnur, with •la'M 
battailone. Thia line oonatituled in elTcitt l)io only one to retini 
upon, and General Vaionve ww direeud lo thriMlen it froni Cbar* 
Inroi, Tu aetmre thi>, Gwicriu Sohrcwder Ininnchfd liimealf in 
a pi-aitiun on bntli (Idea cif ilio Mauw near Dais d'Acbe, where 
he wai aitoeUed on the ISlli ; and after a murdernoa euoibat the 
Aualnaiia withdrew. Labourdunnaya waa ordered [orward tu ba- 
»i*)(o Antwerp, and when Clairfalt diaoDvemd that he euuld not 
prevent lilni irom dnlnn thla if lie plaaaud, ha bethiiUKlit hlmaelf 
too late »f hi* divided foreeii, anil inarohed lo Tirlernnnt lo unlla 
with Ueanliiiu for the proteetiiin of Llene. On ilie 2Dth, Ganantl 
IlnrvlUe, in punuit, vaaaed the Uyie, nt Korheek, and Clairfnit 
took up a pualtion on tl>e hel|;litB uf Campiiiih, where Unnnii- 
t4tN attacked him on tho Slut, and drnvo hiiu baek with a loa* 
«( 81X1 men. On tho 971I1 tho Fronnh army eama un with tba 
Auatrlana under Ooneral Starray, %\ Itueeourt, but noulil nutke do 
impvBMion u]inn him ; and under oovet of Surray'a nsiitiuiDe, Clair- 
fait, with hla whole army, eroaaod the Meuw al liobormimt. Slitrray 
laiiwd muoh honnur by hia oonilnct on Ihla occaaion. in which he 
WB* wounded, but lie onrried off hia dlrialon trinmphanlly \n Join 
the army in the oamp at I^ Chnrtrenae. ValoDaa wna now at llberry 
ID mall* the alega of Namur: anil on the following day the Freaeii 
■ntfiwi Iiie^, and were reoeived wilb aaelaiBBtlona. 
Tbm tnaiebw vers opsnad agunit Aie AuwM (A 'Si>ni>n em the 
ll7th of Nonmher; Moltelle wVlb flOW \mvo^i»i\«a 4»wAA \S_ 
'• -ram kaown that Ifie fort of VilUtta, wWaH'oonmiain*'' ™» W»» 



I 1702.] 



l.i>lil i.nij.l«I of 

MMoltliiK It liy It! Korga. Condunwil tiy a driuirtsr lo tlic> )iiill>i»litii, 
■t nlUnlthl oil tha HOdi, lis fimiid It liii[>rM*llil* b- Rot i>v>'r Ihniii ; 
but lurnlun tn UU mni, Iid ilmlrvd ihom ui uko liini u]i uml ilimw 
bim uvar, HtTurul ^tixll«r« inaimgad (u fulluw llmli' Uiii)*»l, 
oiiil In RTMit ■ilauo* thn;^ mail* thi'ir way to tlio CitmTiiuiiliuit, whonl 
ttiBj' Huq)riM>il HDcl iiiitantlj' urdf nid with a buld front to cuudunltlMni 
tu tli« miiwa, TliB AuMrlati lioBiCntcid, buf bclnjt tlinuttoiiod wllli 
liuitnnt diMli, h« roTotlod lii Lovpnoar tin ni»tah«, wliioh vitra In* 
modUtifly •xtinguUhsd «nd wltlidmwn, and tlia fort of Vllkit* waa 
takan. Tba Hra at (h« twiiosfm wm iuoi'Hiod (u suvor thia galUal 
■ttetnpl, and eontlnuad to nialis ao deadly an vlToot, lliat ou Ilia And 
of Dseambar Hnltvlln cava up lila garrltun and hliiiMlf l>rlMiiiar», 

J^uliaurdiiiiiinya liarinjt poaMimd hlmnalf uf Malliiaa, wliurt hi 
r.iiiiil iMimiili'nililii ilupdta, tha ilnKa of Antwerp wa« eoinnitiund on 
>lir< siMi. nil nliirli ilay til* Ouvaraur wan ■uminDUoi) and ilia aiUdtl 
mill |>iii'iilli'l< i>i IV tntotd In front uf Ilia bualiun da fanlutu. Tlw 
wiirk" li'itvi'viT not pnKMi)dln|{ fluit (iuhibIi tu phftMO tha Qonaial-lD> 
(^liiaf, tAliiiiiMliiiiiiiiyawaaaniianiiilad byGoiiaral Mlrandlhi^Suanlardi 
but tb« fault of ilia litUyt lay I'nthcr In tha dofiolanoy uf ■killwl an* 
ghtMnln tha t'runoh amiy under iifKHintcirouiiMiaiioiiiituuiida 



and llip tiiivitniiir gava up tha t<iwa and mllrad to tbn ollodol, whau 

thn iililitiiiii ii| i>il ilmlr ftttf* Cm tbn Fronoh. Tlia ){arri*gn waa 

llton ■tiiiiiti, r^.i' tlin inuat iiirt WrIIikiiiii, aniuiig wlionl tlinra wa* W 
Miiich <ll»Mitl>fi>i^tiiiii llml tliii Cui»miiadKii(,alaruiud(aa]iltulutad with 
bta aiUil*! uii ihn SOtli. 

MIraaita wtw n-m orilurad to bring up hia oar]i* d'arm^u to Rur«> 
munda, on t1i« Luwar H«uh, but in tha invan wlilla iJumiiuHux had 
dalnrminvil to a«nd tlia ouwniy fanlixr Ituin the Mauae, and had 
mannuvrad wiili ihia ubjeat by aaiidlnH lila right wliifl lui-ward to 
Urrrt. in order tn Induoo Cbilrfalt to withdraw (nmi llnirlla- 
tSiapall*. On Hie «lh of Jleciimliar th* Franoh nCtauked (.Uitli'fiilt, 
win, aflar aonia TDilaUiUaa, ratlrod nltngothar iH-hltid tliu Urn. 
Tba Frauoh army eutarsd AU-lH-CharxlJB on tha Htii, mid rutlrad 
bio wlular-iiuartami whlla Ihay now Lvdhu to ounoonlrutu (Ift^MW 
mtm iMtwfKii iliH Miiaalla aiid tlia Uliluo, to pu*U uiisratlnua ugaltwt 
Uw Auatrlani In that dlmotlnn. 

18. Wia ON TDK OkUHIN FlUlHTinil— I'sUHUfll lUTtKK 

MnM th* rntnat of tlia Diiko of Bmnawlak out of Franoa and 
ha Hliiua, tlia Franuh arniloa undor Kallsnnann and Cuatlno 
4 wiiliout any datlnod plan of oparatlona, but InaWad of luii^ 
r kmiiaa cm ■omsKlvni pcjint, the Unnorala althor mlauudnr> 
•mod, or wars nndnavourlnjt tu aupplmit, oun onuiher. KeilBrmaoD 
1 Isnglli rsmavad 10 tho anny uf tha Alpa, aud Cuallua having 



110 PKCTBSl.\JiS &ETASE FKXNKFOILT. [aJ>. 

Jiiminmiiiii of tlavciicw rcuKOibted liis fiirvni iboul the foitnos ud 
Frankfurt. The PruwuDarniiiMoolteciednround Cublentt — Gene- 
n] KmUcraoth witti eigbt batulimu and invnt)' MiundTDiH wm poMed 
aloDglhs LAhn,tu observe Canine*! rooremeDn. Wiitenflmf, wiiha 
handle dotaclicd tram litis corps M Limbor^, wu On llic nth of K<i- 
TeaberBoqiriaed by ma stlack from Gentsal Hmicliard with ilOW) mm, 
■od tlmugfa he defended the pUBige oFtbeLalin bravely, lie wia driren 
amt of Linburg and aenwa tbe river ; hat HouchanI, mnlenl with Ihs 
advanUs^ ^«ii quilted tlie place and marched awaj' lu julu CaaliDa, 
at WetUiug, » ^lat Lipiburg agaiu fell iiilu tbe p uow a u i t in of tlin 
^iea. Tbe Duke of BnmsKiek n-ns gnve a new arganiiatitn tu tlw 
annj', and although Cutline liad rccfi«>d a reinfiircemaut of I3M9 
meo, under General Yaa-Ueldem, the King of PruBfla. Mefilg hin> 
■elf al thu head of aU.OOO men, dc-termined to pat the French on tliB 
defaoune and to muvu un t'mnkfort. General Kalkreath a|ipiT»d 
bdbre that free dly on tbe 29ib. ••( Nor^cnber, where Iha Praneh 
had left a girriaon of £600 men. and had retired bvl.in>l tbe Nidda. 
Kalkreuth wrnimoDed the Commindaat VHu-Hetdein, wliu anawered 
according to cusbim, but fuond bimaelf without BuRicitMit nieana to 
mainlaiu a deCeiiee of tjie place i die citlzeriH of wliieli rUinird lh*ir 
tighla of neutralilf, and the |in>inise of Cuitine thai lie would not 
eapoH) tfaen to a tiege. The King uf Pruaua, i^funul^d of iIum 
ramumstaDces, reeolred to attempt tii get poeaeiwioil uf the eil]' b]r 
2nd of Dnwniber, at break of day, lb* 
ofTfor -' '- '- '-- - ' "■-- 

«•■ ufer before they couid arrire. Uowever, Iha 

eolumna, coiiuaiiug of teu battaiiuo^gut unobaerved iiili} the j^ardena 

in fmnt ut the rampaKs, and at once rushiid to lbs gates un the t*f»d> 

burg and Hanau roads. Vgui'Heldeiii collected hia weak garriaun. 

With twu KUDB, to oppuBe Ibeir advanoe ; but (ho dti»-na isto)>p«il tba 

■oldiera, impeded their aaaemUliag, bmbe their guna, and opened ibt 

gU« to tbe Pruaaian odumns. Tbe Frencb,aiirpri»ed.I'ist-<nmFStra 

killed aad wouudad, and Hed fruoi the town aa well p' ■i-.'—.-i.i 

The Heuiana luat 17Unien, iucludingtho Prince of lli-~ 

and twelre offievra. Cuttiue, from his position near lli - 

the ataM of ibinga in Frankfort, and sent, when it ^' i 

late. General Neuiinge lo afford aaaiatance (u the i:.<t : 

met Van-Heldem on the way wiib a amall pnrli<Ni 

eeeape, 1000 having been left beliiuJ aa ptiaunere. 

the Ouke immediately passed thrungli the city afl'.i ■■ 

enemy, and General Kalkreutli with ten HitundnniB <.■■■■ 

Ihem at Ilockenheini, after auine liKhliug the I'i'viii'Il >> 

aerina the Nidda. and withdrew ti> Mnyeiice. 

The King uhaerviog a Freueh gi-euadier gallanily coatciidhi| 
against great uildn, and reFuung quarter, called oul lu him, *■ Prcoch- 
nuui, yon are a brave man; it is jdty you do not aerv* a beCtar 
cause." The grenadier, unwilling to douy hia princi|>lHi, replwd, 
** Citoym Guillaume, uous ne aaiiidu pai d'aoeurd sur eu vha|iiln : 



1792.] SWITZSBLAKD BATEU TBOM ATTACK. Ill 

parliins dVutre clinse." The Pruwloii toldifni cairsUt Ihe eoubriijael 
of " Citi>}'eii GiiillADnie," mid nii|ilied it to (heir Kliig for luniiy 
yeaxii nrcemBniB. The French truups iiiiw witlidrew enlirelj froiii 
the right bank uf Ihe Bliiiie, and tout up Iheir wmler-quirler* 
between Miyeiice snil Frank eutlml, uid llie caiUMign eiidvd witli 
tho allieH ueoujiying FrHukfurt uid UaruuUJt, uid ubmrviug Mijr- 
eDce frum lliiechat. 

30. The Gebiuns sitccessi'um.v peotbct TMrss. 
The Prince uf Hnliealuhe-Klrnliberg hail bean JeFt by the Duke of 
Bruuawiek, nlicti be crossed the lUiiue, to cover, in coui-ert ivilli tha 
brigade of Brentano, the vicinity of Luxetnbnurg. As noun, ihere- 
foni, SB he wu ajiprieed tliat the corps of ChLirf»l( Mid OeKulieii, 
retreating from the Mguk, Intd ari'ived oa the RarT, liu thought ihM 
tlie beat mode of employing hia forces wu to ]>kua a gurrieou fn 
Luxembourg, and take up a position with thn 1II,I)D(I meu which 
reoiBiaed to him, the left on the Morlagne Vertu, tlio centre at 
PellingeD, with hig right towards Hun and KanBaarbrueh ; and oa 
this he intreucbed himself. Beauriionirillo arrived uu the Mth of 
tJuveiuber, at Siuit-LouU, to replace Kellennann iu tlie coiDTDBud of 
llie army of tlie Moselle, but allhuugli at this iiiomeiil such a rein- 
forcement aa this ciirps to the army of General Custine would have 
been of ibRnile servioe, yet Iho Executive Council at t'arii, man 
alive to the prupaeatioa of their republican ideas in the Church 
electorates ihau to pbins of simleg)', directed their Oeiinvl to inaka 
an attack on Treves. On the Gth of Uraemher, Bvaurnonville, with 
80,000 men, marched up from Saiut-Wcndel, and ]KiSBcssed himself nF 
Saarebuurg ; and on the same day he Bent forward Genera! Ligneville 
la attack the Mortagne Verte, and the brigadm of L»kiiuiKB and 
DestanseDn] to assault FelliugSu. Tliese attacks (made at inter- 
Tab of t*enty-fuur liours frum each other) Allied, and Priaaa 
Hohenlolie now atreugtlieued his force with the tiuops frjm Luxem- 
bonrg, which forced Uuaumouville to withdraw i but the French 
Guaral advanced again on the ISth, 13th, and tStli, and on all thew 
wsoaaions the Gemians resiatiid with great courage, and ccmpiotely 
ftiUed every attempt to penetrate their inlrencbmFnt!> or to reach 
Treves. The weather in theae muuntara districts liad already 
tet in with some seventy, so that what with the ice and snow Iha 
Of»i(«nduig forcea conld scarcely keep their footing in the attack and 
defence of their billy positions, and buth sides readily concurred iu 
discoutinuiag hostilities. 

SI. SWITZEBLIND 31TED FROK AtTJlCK. 

The Helvetic Confederacy had resolved tti maintain an armed 
QentnUily a^inat the enoroaebmeuts of France, bat llie French 
Mtvoy, General Montesquieu, was directed "to break the fetters 
whitui despotism had forged to biud tlie Genevese," and a force was 
phtMd under bis command to possess himself of Geneva. The Swiss I 
edltleJ !800 men to aid in the deWceot l.'htt<n\'i,Koift«.'s»i*™-'*- ^ 
BormtMsemtF/Bd a force of near \0,OUOitten. lA.im\HW^\'»''«'*™"*- 



to iliaobey tlie oommnticlB o! llie Cmiventiuu atnl to neKotUte ; kn<I con- 
VeutioOH were acoii'diiigl]' eiitoivil inU), and tbe Lroo|e willidruwn. 

22. RrggEins INIIDE PULIHD. 

The wily CutrinH, dlBcmban-aBerd of lier Turklah and iinrtliern 
vara, WW with pleasure Uie troa|iH of Austria and rrus^ia file away 
tnwarda the Rliine. Slie sent none, hut cmiteiiti'd herwrlf with sub- 
aidizing with niimey tlie Frencb emigrant fori'? ; while her hi-forlieJ 
CH^le, iiisBtiuhle ID acqni»tiun and iibtht for une moment wilbdraw- 
hig her eye froiu her own natni'al pi'ey, Bwoojwd over Dnhappy 
Puland. So early aa tbe ISih of Muy 00,000 Rus^an troops entered 
the lerritnries of that repulilie, preoeiled by a deelai'atian uf war and 
by the witbdraivul of M. Bulgiiki>w,ihe Rumudii euToy, froin Wan«w, 
A Poliali army, utterly iDetHuiont to I'raiat ao large an invadiae foFMi 
bad been collected, uf whiuh Princo Joseph Poniatawski, nephew l« 
the King, was appointed general. His force was unexpectedly ug- 
tnented liy the arrival of SODO men, chiefly Cnssacka, who liad paiid 
r to ilie Potea with all tlieir cannon — aiime thirty guns. 
The liral action look plKCe on the S7tl],neai- Wimicxe. An offiow 
of the name of Gobeiowski, having HDD men on an outpost, was sod- 
aenly attacked by SOOO RuKsiaus. tie resisted for two houi-s and ■ 
half, and nuuntained liiu fjniund, when the euemy withdrew. Tli« 
Pulee had aatae fifty killed and wounded, and ijie Rusiiiaiw 300. 
Poniatowski, notwithstanding, withdrew hia anny to Lubar. On the 
I4th of June General Rochovski, the Empress's principal geiieiml, 
pushed forward, and Wielkowski was ordered against him, who, 
falling on the tlank of the Russians, quickly obliged them ti> retreat. 
Nevertheless Pimiataweki, when be bad obtained a full knowledge 
that Rocbowski's whole force was near Oslropril, ordered hia camp 
to be struck, and commenced a retrogode march the eubseqaeiil 
mflming. Bnt when he reached BoruBzkowee an unlucky aocidwit 
befell him ; as his troops were passing a broken bridge the timbor 
gave way under the weight of tlie cavalry. The uiuiu body of ttra 
enemy coming quick upon them, they at first strove to cross a dam t 
but at length haTing lost two whole battalions under the destruoti'a 
fire that was opened upon them, they wore obliged to sink all thrir 
gniis aod swim the river. The Prince, however, worsted the Rn^ 
Mans at ZielJme in an action which laated from aeveu in the morning 
till five in the evening, and which coat the enemy about iOOO i&- " 
But although he was enabled to stay some hours uu the field of bal 
and a few days at Zaslaw, siill he was under Ills neeewdty of oi 
tinning his retroerade march till he croaaed the Rug not Air ir ... 
WladowH. In Lithuania the Russians, after croasmg the Dwina, 
touli ptieaession of Wilna without opposition; bnt on the 10th M 
June an eUEagement took place between Mire and Swiernia, vrbm 
the Polish army was vigorously attacked, and in the end drlvMI 
back. No further resistance wa« made iu this <|aarter UU ths PoIm 
reached Warsaw. On the 18th uf July General Koscinaho, villi 
&000 men BUongly intrenched, was attacked by some 17,000 Rualana, 
when after a gallant resistance be was obliged to fall back. A oaw 



1793.] DEATH OE LOCIH XTI. 113 

eonfedenitiDn va» now formed b;^ Rus»au influence in appositian to 
the Puliali coiistiHilion, to wliich Stanislaus AuguatuB was cmiipelled 
to ueeile, oud ilie iodepeu deuce of Poland was virtually deatruyed. 



1. Deith of Lduib XVI. 

The firat event of tlii> year ia ihe judicial murder of Louis XVI., 
King of KniDce. Tliu fall uf a Mnuxrcli from hin tliroiie is ever oae 
ttrp tuwarda liis gnive. It wna scarcely to Le expected that the 
euuDpl* thM liad been Bet in Eii^libli history at the trial and execu- 
t'Ou of » kiDg would have beeu auHcrcd tu piea after the fall of the 
miituiTchy, uid Dot be imitated hy the eiiSHiiguiuud denioemts who 
had oblaiocd power in France. The poiuiB of reBcmblauce in the 
tiKi tnuuuutiouB, tlie show uf justiee by a mock trial, tlie abseace 

Vol. IV. I 



bk^i 



114 WAB DBCLISED. [&.D, 



of all oITeiicb deMTving of dpuh, the condeiiiiub<m of a man 
clearly innucent of the crimfg laid lo his charge, and ihe despica 
bla oharncter uf those whn sentenced him ta a viuleiit de&Ih, ore 
nil well known facU of hislory, but do not require (a be enlarged 
upon in merely mrtilary Andala. Afier tlia King's execatinn aJI 
diploitiatic ialfircODrae of the crowned heads of Eumpe with France 
eudrely ceoHed, and war wilh llie Republic hei»me no lunger a 
matter u( heiiitacian with miy oatiou. M. Chnuvvlin, the minister 
■■r France in London, wan ordered to depart within eight days of 
llie death of Ijie King. 

2. WaB DECLIRED BETWEEN GitElT BaiTAIN iSD HOIXtKD allD 

On the lat of Febniory the National Conrention anticipated 
matters by declaring wnr B|:[ainnt the King nf Great Britun. the 
King of Spain, and the Stadtholder of Holland. Thfse dpclarationH 
were followed by an order for im immediate levy nf 300,00t> men. 
On the lltli the King of Groat BrilKin acqnainted his parliament 
with these facts, and asked their sugipurC in maintaining the honour 
of his crown and the rights Of his people. The British eovemtneiit 
forthwith toiilt a large body of Gennan tninps into its servioe, and 
sub«dized the K'mg of Sardinia with 200,00<U. to join the Anatrians 
'i Italy vtilh a considerable military force. Alliances werv abe 
formed with the Empire, Prussia, Spain, Holland, Pi>rtD)^l, Naples, 
and Ruaaia, all of whotn agreed, with more or less reaerratinn, to sliiit 
their ports against the Teasels of Franiw ; bnC Denmark, Swedeiii 
and SwilBerland refused lo iirin this confederacy. A body of British 
troofis was sent to Holland for its defence and protection, and (bs 
enminnnd of it was given to the King's second son, Frederick Daks ot 
York. 

In the beginning of this campaLgn Frani^e was called apnn tn ocm- 
bsl 45,000 Austro-Sardinians from the side of the Alps ; liO,MO 
Spaniards from that of the Pyrenees ; 70,400 Imperialists mud 
SH,000 Anglo- Bataviana on the Lower Rhine and in Beljtium ; 33«tM 
Anstrians between the Mense and the Moselle ; and 112,600 ooD- 
federated Austrians, Praseians, bud Imperialinls along the MidtUs 
and Upper Rhine ; whicli, together with the 6000 «nigranta of (liv 
amiy of Condi!, made a grand total of 393,000 cuinbatuoK. To 
oppiiae these mosses France bad 30,000 men im the froEiIier oF ibe 
Netherlands, 7",000 men towards Maestrichi, 26,000 on tlie Moaellv, 
40.000 at Mayence, 30,000 on the Upper Rhine, 40,OUtl n<i the «de 
of the Alps, aucl 30,000 in reserve, making in nil 370,1)00 mtii. 
The condition of the French troops was uf the worst description, 
"nie pay and maititenaucu of so large a fi'ree rciiiiired •iiomuHii 
reaources, and the nalionnl credit was utterly mined ; mir <nu tb«T» 
any one. acknowledged head to direst the operatioas nf the aneiHit 
nonarohy. Uuniouiiez had come to Paris to endeairiiuT to sav« tlia 
King's lu« ; and in lliia endeavour, in which he hsil vgrrj^imulj 
failed, be had lust much ground in the opinion of the domliianl forty. 
He was, moreover, a man too unsetllod and vagiio in his oharaetar 



179S,3 THE StEOE OF WII,LIAMBTA1)T BAISED. 

tn Imil a niilinn,so (hat no ojiiiiioei liv guve was ndopled ; anil, in 
b» liiiNt plana were mllicr dioflo of n nlat«HTiian Ihan a general 
WiiiiliI now hare inrnded tbe prnviiicc ol ZealnnJ Tor thu pnrpiwe of 
tileliilinit tho revolutionary viroH against tlie Stadlhidrter'a [Mm 
H'llluncl mher than with aujr view to lU atrategical bearingR. 
Tho Emperor, having now deterniinnl to carry on the war with 

SIril, not only br-iugbt forward an ImmenBe army of men, but placed 
HB under the aeparate command of the Marth^ Prince uf Cobitrg, 
M gmaral nrho hod gsined, wiih Snwnrniw, n. gnM repuMtiaa tn 
Uis wan againBt the Turks. The (jeneraliinimn met tho Uuke al 
Bralwwieli on the Uth of Febroory to detamiinu tlie plan of opera- 
liana fur the allied armies. 
3. Ovuavaisz SNtEas Houadd— The BairrsH land and raise 



rhitnoariex about the game dsy aet liis troops in mntion fivim 

Aniwerp in fi>ar divieions, cumntitnJed by General* Ben>erun and 

d'Armn, and Colonels Tilly nai Lleleva, who entered the Dutch ter- 

rllury, anil attacked Breda on the Hth. The plaee was in giifld 

■ 'er.and garnigbed with aOO pieoea of artillery, hut General d'Ar. 

, witliiiiit 'ijiening trenches, estHblished two batteries of niurtrrs 

■j{jsiiMt the fortress, and *o impueed by a bold front ou the Count de 

Bvland, the guvenior, that lie capitulated on the 36^1 with a Kurrison 

I ofSiOOmen. On theSeththeGoYemorofKlundert.GeoQrAldeBaet- 

ur, in eodeavourinE to cut hia way out with 150 men, met a 

fiouB diath with the keys of the fortress on hid person. D'Arenn 

111 i«Mived orders to undtTtake the siet;e nf Gertruydenberg. This 

(ilaca waa in the beat state nf defence, with a atrim); garrison ; never- 

UiuloiH, in three days it surrendered on the same torme as Bredii. 

The Britinh truupa lauded at lielvoetaluyH on th" Otli uf Maroli. 

The ivpiiblieon army wm at the time bcaivging Williamstndl. Tlia 

Dnt«b Governor resUted witli great renduiion. The Frenoh bad 

\ alNndy advanced their guns to the font of the glacla, and had esta- 

[ UUica at this point some guns, the lire of which incommoded the 

I aaniMD very much. On the ninlit of the IStli the " Siren," CapUtin 

I KUDby. iH>nl three gun-boats ap the Hiuing Vliat, under the cunt* 

Mod <tt Lieutenant Weeterri. Tliese cooling on the French battery 

Ihdar eover of a fog, opened ench a telling fin) that th« besisgeni 

iband»n«d it luid fled. After tliia auccese the Lieutenant repalrmt 

WiUianwtadt, wher« he was received with iaiinenaa siirpriaa by 

tho OurcnioT, lutd the sntns night the Frenoh abauduued tho 

BegD. Tliia enterprising young ufHcer continued to giro liii aid 

•a tlie attvinpl of the UollandcrB upon Moerdyk, od iIi« Slat, when 

In the aet of levelling a 13-]miinder in hia gim-boal, ho wna shot 

tbruush the heail by a tauakel bnl I. He was tlia Ural British ottJoar 

of «itli«r airvice killer] in the new war, and audi general eympatliy 

w» Hxoilwl by bis gnllautry and death, thai llie Duke of York id rs- 

■pous« to It attendi!d his remainii iu pennn lii the grave. Meiuiwhile, 

on tlie IVth of March, Dumonriet hud auddeDly i|Ditted tlio arniy, 

IllvinB over the command to (ieneral Flora, and haslcuuJ Iu th« 



l_^ 



% vxv&s. [1.0. 



4. TukFuMCU DNDIUtMlfUNDllllElintrERDUKlCIIOBSTniMBVU^ 

■J'hw QoncnU had on ihs lUli of Fcbrunrj' bmnlwrduil Vralmk 
liut DU tl» »]iproRdi uf llie Prluce of llruiiswick-Oi-lii lip had movvd 
awKy hi Mawu-ieht, li> which ha Inld at-ge on iho SOifa uUli SO.UOO 
niHii. Oil tlia Silrd, Himchpt, 1, duiiuiiulalied en^aeer. cotnplated 
hJv bniwriM, uiil llie Geuiinl auniniuii«il (he town. Tlio PtinM 
uf Hume, who ouiiiniwidad tli«r*, r«|>lied hy • vigorous fin, bal 
Miniuilit poorml hi > ahownr uf red-hut sllut Uikt « ' '' ~ ~ ~~ 
Hra in Bpvural pUoes ; uevartliclase, (ho Friniw wi 
la Cftpilulate. 

The oorpi of General V«lon« oori>»d ihc invml 
triclil on the side of Aix-lo-CiiBpelle, under tlio iniuiodiiiiir ramnHtid 
of Goncml Lhoods. >ud thtt PHnee of Cubuit; determined to ailtwpt 
tu Biiqirlse him in hia position. On ihe SRlh, in IhA iiiglit, riBlrikil 
omiiu<d ills Ruer near Julicn, Mid un Ihu Isl nf Mnrcli wax fnlkiuvd 
by tliH pnlnniiu of the Arclidiikv ChxrioH and iho Priii.-e ..f V/ir- 
' rg, wild oniwHl at DuvrEn, and niov<>d up to Aldriihi'Von, 10 
nib«r of SAjOOO Dien, liiiuou)^ lind hnstily ntumetl froni Puii, 
but liB found liiK divislun w aonltered in tliair eantiinmrtitB Uiat on 
thv Snd uf Mareh ho was aurprlaed and ft>rccd to tly briure tha 
Auau^ian Miack. At Lionich tho dragatma of Lktour cut np th* 
NtrtMttine republieana and Msiiend Ihem in all diroetlniDi. I'li ' 

■ndof Msfch thfl limiemhi'la had already adianerdii' 1 

atid tha Arehduka Cnarlea waa jiuahrd forward, nlii. 
randa to n^ea tha aScgg of MacBiriiihl, and to nrlii' 
whila tha Prinea of WirtemberK atiai'lmd Aix-lii* ; 
Dampierru cnnimandcd, who was gitiiig way Mo\r :'■■■ 
when Miaoiiiiiskr arriving fh>in Roldul re-MtabUahi'ii mihii-i'f. 
in tlie and th« Frenoh, nflcr having gallantly fiughi in the abi 
and open placea (whore there were bloody anmunttri*), nerc ubil 
to retire on Liege. The Frriipli army were no aeparaird In il 
retreat that l.anauo with le,(IOI> mnn iiarmwly mmixiI tlie nv 
«iiy of Burrandvrlng ; and Neuilty and Stengel un tlie Knnoli riftit 
BKapod Mith dilHeiiUy ihrungh Linibniirf; (u the Anhiinve f - 
Chainpinurin and LaRuu-htro wvre entirely- eut olf un tho a' 
Uiest. The Franob army were ai length enabled (0 gvt swuy beyvnd 
the Meiiae, with tlie lou of ROOD or 100» killed, wounded, and 
prUouera, and upwards of twenty pioeea of enunun. Miranda, wboa* 
anny »ib id aeattered that he acareely knaw wliera tu tind ibt 
•neral diviBi<MiB, did nnl dlacontlnne his rrtrual until hr had reaohvd 
Tirlemont and Univain, but Ilia Arehduke deeiBied fnin lila pqrMlh 
whon be bad readied ihs Meiite. AllheBame time that the>e«v*«- 
war* proceeding, the Prince uf Brnnswieli-Orls with 19,000 mi 
KUppurted by an Auatrian dlviaion under Oeneral Wencliheini,a. 
taukud tlie French right posted sear Ruermunde on tho Srdof March, 
while Latnvr idvanoed from Linuich. Valence was at tbe dne with 
I this Krench diTiriun u welt ne Miranda ; but auoh was the giftttal 



1793.] DUMOUalKZ TAKES THH OOHUAin). Il7 

diwirguiixiilinn "f the ■rmj' occaniimeA by the aiirpriss, that noilber 
the eoiiliiwiii uf the ons (janoral nur the bi-avary of tlie other could 
preTenB a speedy rotPL^at, 

It nhoDld hnve b'-'en atatod that as euily M the Snl of January 
OuMiii*, lindiD); liinUElf hampeivil by a divisirin of the allinl army 
punted at Ilncltlieim near Mayence, had dot^miineil I-o attfimpt to 
dMiidga it, and accnrdinRly hni) seat on th» urTifla einht batlslioni 
•rith twelTB juna under the cirdiirB of Generafa H')uchard aud Sedillnt. 
Th* f ruHtiaiia, taken altiigellitir by aurprlae, had evacuated the poet 
•rith aearcely a shotj hut the Duke of Urunawich, fearing that the 
Intentlan I'f the French might be In make this advanced poat a meaoa 
Dfannoyanca to hia future proceeilhi)^, hod aeiit forward on the night 
of the Alh of January, before ihe enemy aecarely eBtabliahed liim- 
aeir, the Prince nf Hohenlohe with a alrnng corpa, who in their turn 
•uifitiiml the French, wlm retired in ail haate on Caaael, leaving 
belliild Ihem the guns tliey ha{l broiigjit from Mayence, and with a 
luM of »»me 300 men. Had tha Prince of Holienlohe been aware 
that at thia time the bridge over the Rhine had been deslroyed, the 
whale of Huucliard's dtvinion muat have laid di)Wn thoir anna. 

The Prueaian* had aummoned the fart of KHnigaMin, where 
Qm»in Meynier, tho governor af a email i^arriaon, enacted one at 
tkuM little national hyperboles in the preaence nf the PruMiao 
aBtew, which are found to sncoeed very often when acted by French- 
■Md against nlher natioiia. Tho ([aBconade ao far prevailed as to 
ctM«r any attempt upon it by anaault or otherwiae, though the place 
*•■ hluekads'l until llie 8il) ol March, when hia men were exhaiiated, 
and iveinti no proH[iHct of ralief, lie gave up the place. The dufunoe 
of this nffiopr wan bo well eoneidercd that he was al oneo pruinoted 
Iruta captain to be a [(eneral of brigade. 

6. DUHDUBJKS TIKES TUE CoUHlND EBOH MtBANUA. 

It haa been almuly alatud that on the lirat infonnati'in of the eventa 
IhU had iieaurreU on the Koer, Uumouriez had haalily quitted HoU 
land, ti) npair l4i Ihe acenea of the diKsilere that had beHillan Gene- 
MtU Miranibi anil Valence. Arri ved at Antwerp, lia found a French 

btodiajc aiui dalivenniE into ]iriaoEi both men and women." He knew 
Ihkl great dangers enuied fnini these exceaaea, and Uie General, 
■oconllaslyt <" '■'* """^ thrmigb, depused the commiaaary, and Mut 
htm back U> Francei and at llruasals, likewise, as he pawed, dia- 
niaacd thv milicary gnvemor, for the parpoae of re-CHtabliahing a 
beil«' •orifidauce between the people and his army. But all theae 
energeti* dnings had already c&used him much ill will and many 
•namiM in the Naliooal Dniventiun, where the deposed functionarlBt 
bad fk-iendi, and anmewhat later they hnre fnilC la hia prejudice. 

DuRUurien. howeVHr, now joiiiod tlw hgiliva tronpa, whioh had 
boon ruaaembled al Louvain, and took the Mmnand, Her* again 
ha found fresh oamtniaeionHra front the Convention, sent to walch 
aail Uivart him, whom ho set at defiance. But they bad already 
■ffMtod gmai diiaardara among tlie troops, and It required all the 



118 THE BATTLS OT NSSBWINDEK. [AJ), 

General's address to re-establish the morale of his army, deranged 
by their rout befiire the enemy and by the excesses of republican 
doct-rine. He felt that the best method of regaining the confidence 
of his troitps was to resume the offensive and lead them against tlie 
enemy. Accordingly he determined to make an attack. On the 16th 
of March the young Archduke Charles had seised on Tirlemont, 
where he found some 300 men. Dumouriez therefore determined to 
drive him out of it on tlie 16th. With this view he sent forward 
General Lamarche to take Goitzenhoven, wliich the Austrian* had 
neglected to occupy, and which commanded the whole country, which 
was here easily defensible from its ditches and hedges. As aoun as 
the Austrians were aware of the hostile intention they attacked the 
French, and the cuirassiers of the Emperor succeeded in charging 
the infantry at the summit of the hill, but were in the end driven 
back, for the division of Neuilly appearing at the same instant behind 
them at Heylissem, they determined to withdraw, and Tirlemont was 
again occupied by the French. 

6. The Battle of Nebrwij(dsn. 

This partial success determined the French General- in-Cliief to 
bring on a general action tlie following day. He drew up hia amy 
on the heights tliat cross tlie chauss^e from Tirlem<Hit to Liege. 
The right behind Neer* Heylissem was commanded by General Va- 
lence ; the centre on the causeway itself was under the orders of the 
Duke de Chartres, and General Miranda on the left was formed up 
em potence turning back on Oplinter ; the French army was reckoned 
at 45,000 men. The Austrians were drawn up in two lines of 
lOfOOO men each, the firat under Ferrari and- the second under 
Colloredo, occupying the height, having Oberwinden on the left, and 
the village of Orbmael in front of Halle on the right -General 
Clairfait was in reserve with 9000 men on the left wing ; and the 
Archduke Charles with as many more was on the causeway in front 
of the right. A division of cavalry under Gteneral*Major Stipaliti 
was on the extreme right watching the plain country near the nllage 
of Lean, which was not occupied. Thus the entire Austrian army 
was 39,000 men. The ground occupied by this battle waa very ekiee 
to the position of Marshal Villeroy at Ramillies in 1706; and the 
same river, the Little Greete, separated the two armies. 

At nine o'clock of the morning of tlie ]8th of Mareh, General 
Valence with his division passed the Little Geete by the bridge of 
Neer-Heylissem in three columns. The first column under General 
Lamarche was to attack the extreme left of the Duke of Cobui^a 
position at Racour, which village he attacked and occupied, but find- 
ing no enemy then in his front, he closed to his left on the aeeond 
column led by General Leveneur, who had marched on Oberwinden« 
on the road to which he met with and attacked the Austrians ; and 
notwithstanding a heavy fire, at the same time got posieasion of the 
mound of Middelwinden, which jutting out from the Austrian pon« 
tion, commanded entirely the villages of Oberwinden and I^eer- 
^nden. The third column under Neuilly only found aonM light 



TBE DATTLK OF HEZBWIKIilEN, 118 



It thtwe vllJafftH, HDd drave tliem nut into the plain be- 
CUirfBie obanrvinK lliin maliDeBa in tlie Frviich Ktlaalt* 
«ilj[«it forward iib reiorve. The grenudiera uiidrr D'AlvinKi were 
rM(«il upon Ob«rwindrii, uid tlie mvatry r>f{iniMit uf ExtorhkBy 
I Bsctar. lie wun reCoolt and oecupjpd all tlie villBg«B whlcli tlie 
mmy Uad ])BHad llimuHli, lUciiur, Uberwindeu, Mid NMrwinden, 
id lh« AuiU-bni Bt llie wine time rvgniiicd iKinamion of tin 
DuikI of Middlawlndtn, for u tha scntloiwd divininna guve way he 
U'MMllItd M bring a cuiialdeTable fire or nrlillor}' t» Uwr upon ll 
»m tlia upper mnge. 
Tba DuM d« ChartTM had iHuaeil the Gwite nt tlie bridge of 
""dmI and Ohmih in (wii t'olumna, and Imd directni liis march 
M tiglit and left uf llie village i>f Neer%s'inden ; oiiming up thDN- 
tl thia *«ry monwiil, lie again drove t[ ' ' ' ' ' 

""■ ■ " • Cobuvgl- - 

» wltii Mid] a coneeiiU'ated fire uf nrtilli'iy ou Naerwinden aud 
I HMUlidnfMiddellvinden.Iliat the village waa again renmupied bj 
t Omnana after iiiuoli reaialanoe, iu whiuh (iBDerai Oeafamta wm 
M, UamuurieaeuinlngQpai tUia erltieal raomsnt bniuglit fins 
hi* whrile Hglit wing to relaka the villnga, and the regimoiil of 
part* taoaeMwl in getting into it, but Uie Auatriane poured io 
rdufbroonwiiM tlint tlie Freneli vDre again Ibrard tn retire 
•watderable lose, and h Ihcy wers Mteuipting to M-fiimi b«- 
Nacrwiwlan llioy were attockod right and left by the Imperial 
■aleraof Zaaoliii'lt and Namiu. Va[oncD,plaainghlniKelf uiihe 
I of the Fnmtdi horte, eliarged the enemy Tigaronaly, and waa 
Nif as (iDveiwtl with aabra wuunda in tlie enoountiir that lie ivaa 
bMnd to qtilt 111" Iteld, but 111 eucoewdad In repuleliig the Austrian 
KvMry, Mi4 Gunoral ThoiiveiHit, bringing aume guni to bear with 
Mpewiut on Ibe eulnuuiien of Niuanii, uUiged uiiiu at length to 
Mfv« with oonaldernble Ines, 
TW Frmoli now halted, nnd endeavoured tu n-catnblhih urdor on 
Mirkft and centra. The Uuko de Cliartm with the other gonerale 
~ ltd tiiamaelvea in Iliia objeet wUli aunli gnwl elTecl that in a few 
■ tha diHereni reglmenta and brigndea wore reaaaoroblad on tlia 
I of the hill tooking Into Nwrwindiin and liaeour, and would 
faara brcn in a piwdiiim Io repair ilieir want of oumuloto buoohb 
it lime bv an atiaek in tlie innniinR; but General Miranda, who 
left wing, went forwaird to hia attaehin thraaonlumna, 

the ordera of Iili««itlnaky,Huanlt, and ClwrnpnioHn, but found 

M Ardiduke ClMirlea itranBly poetod on the oauaeway txdiiud tlifl 
rid(aofOranuiol. QenemlKuBulldrovauutthaAuatiunlliht 
til eould not got beyond the village on aooounlof the well-d.__. 
tniU«7af tha Arvhdnlie upon every detnuohd. Ulacilnaky creMod 
"m atvaani and aimallud Ne«rb«aj>en, but the Archduke, loading hia 
IvuMd guanl and au|i[>nr[ed by Bonjnwakl and Iho cavnli^ of 
■ Prisoa of Wirtemberg. dmvu hini baek again, and look up ft 
Hhlun taeing Uverhcapen. 'riif Frinni of Coburg, obterving Uiat 
iMBonrUa bad brought fDrward the greater part uf itie trvneh 



120 THE IIA.TTI.Z OF KEEBmttDSir. [^D. 

nrmy ta tiic MUck of the Aunlrisn left, wliidi he had now SMnrad 
by ibe pflwmaiim of M iddelwi iiden, detmniiiiHi tt> pUy off Ml 
111* »dten»Ty a Nmilnr maiKBiim lo his own, by gniBhiaff the 
weiktincd flank nf the French left; and accordln);!; nrdetcd Ibe 
PriiuHi of Wineinbers (o marcli with die right winj( nf the lecDail 
line lu arcnra Ihe |ii>«tion of Uslle, wliile he >«lit (iww*rd Gonanl 
UenjoKBki through Oramael, to BflDDOd the Archduke, Muicziiiaky 
ebierTing tliia tnDvenieiit, and tliinking hinwelf wife U Drerbeapvni 
lent «(['" hnltalioni tn the ikxiatanue uf his left ; but llie volun(ear> 
in this wing BS smn as lliey «aw llie cuemjr touk to Akghl. ud Ul* 
AtMtriiui', bringing (hrward tlieir mvnlrj, soon eotnplited Ih« rout. 
OniHkrd. cDinniKnilltig tlie anillery, ww killed; and Huanlt, who 
Miniilaniled the dirhrion on (he «BiiHewiiy, vu wounded. Miranda, 
Inilead of ordering up the rot DrMia(izin8k}''> eolamn rtnd cdlling io 
Oeneral Cliampmnrin to hi* wwiatance, nnw ordered a general tvlniU 
apnn Tlrlemont withont appriiiiiig the General-in-Chief of tbe cil^ 

livri who had tied to Tirleraoat, preued furward on the cliauuM ia 
piirmit of Miranda. 

DumourtM hod notiwd tbe ceduution of tiro on hie left aboot !• _ 
o'vloek, which be attributed to auKPU; but when towards ilia 
eloM of the day the Arcbdnke appeared, atrengtliening the tro< 
la llie (hint and in the rear oF hia left centre, the dianrd«r and o 
fuaion in lila irniy became extreme; no power could eonlnil 
I'ronoh MililiaT«, who liruke from all diacipline, and, in spite of all 
tbeir general* could do, fled at-roBB tbe Little Geete is the utmoat 
diainay. The Diikn du Cbnrlree was active in bia i^deavmir W 
rMtiirv order, but it wax all In vain, and he was carried awky Willi 
the fugilivn. Uumnuriex gflluped off to hia extri'mu left, which 
hn found olear of oitlipr friends or foes, and at Wn nl nig' 
aetnall}' roarlinl Lcaa, which he fuund bad been occupiud, but w. 
■gain abandoned by Dumpiorre. At Oremael be found Aualrtoa 
btllaiw In poaNasioii, through which he eoiitrired to paxe, and giil 
Mfa la Tirieniont at miduiKliI. He ia>lantly ordereil MiFaoda la 
aMORiblD hia tmoiHi anil gn out at nnce tn oean{>y tlie biright JQ 
front of Wainnierwim, where tlie ciiuiieway tiroasps it. bo an to Bcev*** 
his left ftank, and givp time for il>e right and wntre to fall Iwck i« _ 
their old position. Tbe Frenrli in this battle loat 4000 Lilled, 
woniided. and prhtmera, and the Austrlans about half that numbar; 
bat nu tniphioa of the da}' appear to have been ubtaiiml by eithar 

Tbo Austrian* funned up on the IDtli uii thn ori|^nal pcaitlon of 
thn Flvneh befiim tbe batxle, and the IViiiDa of Cohurg Ihvn tnovod 
by hla right to tbrasieD Uiest and Aerachot, which caused the Frviwh 
Qanaral tu fhll back on Liiuvain, where he took up a poaitiou mi tha 
belgbM of PelUnbwg, which was oeoupied by Cuampmoriu, ha*io( 
on his tafl Miai-*ln>ky poatod at Pctrawod* ; LoTcneur \tw poalMl in 
the wnfid of HaMndalil ; and Oaitipiorra movad on Floreval to ootn- 
munioalawltliNHiilly. wbowith«CM»nieiiwaaord(<n!dttiJii<teign»,lB 
pnnnt the conquerors from getting to tlruiBsIa ilirougli the fonM 



[ 1793,] DEFECTION OF SUHOVKtKZ. 121 

I of Soisnie*. On Iho morning of the 23iiil iif Mnn-h, uudir > Ihiak 

fog, thf ImperiHlieis advancMl in three rulumtii upon the pnsiciiin uf 

tha PellenbPTK; ihe divinan of Beiijowaki on llie lii^h rand, tlie 

•ecmd on Biiurbrck, uid the third, under ClairTBiL, on Tiiuriniw*. 

I They found thennelvBBaudderlynnder the French firo, TheHiingV' 

' riaii);reniidierg,eoniiiig iiiieipHlHllyiin tlio eneiav, carried iha Tillage 

I of BKcrbeck in its centre. Clianipmorin and Levenenr, hooevar, 

I leeoiered tliemsclvea as aonn aa the fog diuppenred, and m^ntaiowl 

"■ agninrt any further attempt on that day. CUirhit 

a nlMck on tlie 33rd, and drove bank General La- 

imrehe acrom the D;le, whieh tliuB cumpromiiuni llie flank af 

I Levrnrar, obliged liiin M retire and take peal at Curhock, whep 

upon ■Dutnouriea ordered the retreat of tlio whole urinv to Loi 

' rain, when llie Auitrinns nritlmut further 

into the Frencli iinsilion. A few days Inter the v 

thd command of Uumounea received unlers to retire wilhio t 

Fceiich frontier. 

7- Dnr actio N of IIuhouriiu. 
The Genera] -in- Chief in the midst of his triumphs had aeriousty 
oRsdcImI tlie Jnooliin nilera. and he waa not likely tu escape their 
TongeaoEe dow thai he bad b«en defested. He well knew the 
reception wliich the jeslous and Buspioious Com 
pkring for liitn, and he felt lliat the only hopi 
depended on his overreachini; tlieai. He thererore eiiterlRined the 
■ingnlar projeei nf marching his army upon ["aria, to reahire the 
throne ; and with the view of securing the neutrality of the allien 
while he was employed on this object, Dumouritt opened himself 
on tiiis sabjr'Ct t» General Mack, who wsa sent t" biiii at his ot 
ro^veat by the PrineeofCoburK, and with whom he Anally agreed Ih 
the Imperial troupe were do Innger to be conildered aa eiiemiei, but 
U anxuiariea. and were not tu psaa the French frontier durinf[ hli 
nlflreh to Ihe capital, unless he Bhould find himself compelled to uall 
vpon them fi>r their aid. But he did not ratleat, that what a general 
inlzht do with a soldiery whom lie had juat ted to viottiry, waaavery 
dilnrent influence to that whiirh he could obtain when hie fallowert 
were chaHng under recent defeat; for the French soldiera, though 
tb^ had been atbiched to theii' General, were still niorD< devoted 
tu their cDunn-y ; so that the leader uf 00.000 men found hiniBelf 
■nddeuly deserted and pnwcrtbed in the midst of the troiips, whom 
hs had BO recently commanciud with unlimited authority. They now 
"gat them up on every siilo;" entire companiea deserted to the 
Interior, with their arms and bngj(B^, and it would have requited 
another aimy to stop thorn. It is extroordiniiry tliat the Prinoa 
of Cuburg thonld have been in auch entire ignomnee of the nin. 
dhion of hia adversary, and nf the debility and conHisinn that wta 
patent to every peaianC of the country, an to liave been hold back 
bj" ne^llations at a time when he \A'^K Wv* \toWiVj \»iA«A ^sn- \ 
•i««rf mtu the cnunti-y, and have done ftvM ^ot \i\n\wSA -siVa'aR.W ' 
wMchaF aoald not have bean donebj B.U.stosiVXtvi.'A wmt «>** 



122 DEFECTION OE BTTMOTTBnUB. [▲.]). 



from a traitor ; which, even had it auoeeeded, would eventually havfi 
made Dumouriei aa difficult to deal with at tlie Convention. 

However, to return to facts; on the very day that the Pellenlierg 
was forced (the 93>id of March), some kind of verbal understanding 
wan come to betweeit Dumouriei and* Mack. On the 27tli a confei^ 
eiice was held at Ath, at which the Duke de Chartres and Generals 
Valence and Thouvcnot asaisted, and where it was settled that the 
French army should remain undisturbed by the Austrians at Mens 
and Tournay, and that the fortress of Condtf should bo siven to tlw 
Imperialists, as a fcuarantce of sincerity. Dunionrlers first care 
was to secure the fortresses, and Miacxinsky was sent to Lille with 
tliis object, and to aiTest there the commissaries of the (Convention, 
but this General suffered himself to be made the du|)e of C<»lonel St. 
Georges, the oommandtT of the garrison, and became a prisoner in the 
fortress; ho afterwaitls paid the |)cnalty of this folly with his head. 
The troops at Condtf ana Valenciennes likewise successfully resisted 
the attempt of the generals to bring them over to the constitutional 
party. The fii*Mt intimation which the Omvontion received of Du* 
mourieK*B design was from himself. Three detennined Jacobins had 
been sent to his head-quarters to obtain autlieniio accounts of tlioeu 
reports which had already " cast their sliadows before'* at Paris. In 
a long and animated discussifm with them, the General-in-Chief 
openly avowed his views and his intentions to destroy the Conven* 
tion. To the imprudence of this avowal was added the still greater 
folly of letting tlie commissioners return to Paris to ap))rise Ills 
enemies of the danger that threatened them. As soon then as the 
Convention was infoi*mcd of Dumouries's projects, they summoned 
him to their bar : and when he refused to obey, they dispatched four 
representatives, together with Beaumonville, the Minister at War, to 
supersede him. The General received this ctmimission at the head 
of his staff. *< Citizen General,'* said Camus, who was one of them, 
'* will you obey the decree of the Convention, and acc<»mpany ua to 
Paris t" <* Not now," was the reply. *• Well then," rejoined the 
representative, ** 1 declare you sus])ended fnym your functiona ; 



are no longer General, and I command you to be taken int(» custody." 
*' This is too much," said Dumouriez ; and he instantly ordered hia 
hussars to arrest all the five representatives, whom he delivered up 
to the Austrisn General, as liustages for the safety of the Hoyal 
Family in the Temple. 

The die wan now cast, and ho proceeded to fulfil his engngemcnta 

with the Prince of Coburg. But on the 3nd of April, on his route 

to Condtf, be encountered a body of French grenadiers headed by a 

young officer named Davount, who would have seised him had he 

not escaped by alMindoning his horse, which had rofuse«I to leap a 

ditch, and fairly ninniiig away. The following day, the Srd, feeling 

the necessity of following up his coup <Vitatf he repaired under 

an escort of Austrian hussars, to regain the camp at St. Amand; 

I here he found his soldiers in violent agitation between their duty 

-^ their Genersl who had led tlii^m to victory, and the belief that 

I current of his treachery to tlie llopublio. Dumouriea hanuigiwd 



1793.] ohakjlctbb or gsnsual dumoubiez. 128 

thcon, and tried to impress upon their minds the patriotism of the 
eoorse he recommended, but the army was deaf to all his eloquence 
and all his entreaties ; and on the 6th he was obliged to quit them in 
haste, and to fly, accompanied by General Lamarliere, the young 
Duke de Chartres, Colonels Thouvenot and Mountjoye, with his staff, 
escorted by Colonel Norsoroan with two squadrons of the hussars of 
Beroliing. On the way he was encountered by the battalion of the 
Yonne, marching from Toumay to Coud^, who tried to stop the 
party, and opened upon them a volley of musketry, which levelled 
many of his followers to the ground, but the General escaped m 
safety to Che Austi*ian camp. 

8. Military Character op General Dunouriez. 

Thus ended the military career of Charles Francis Dumouriez, the 
first of those military chieftains raised to eminence by the new 
Republic, who might have apparently anticipated tlie career of Na* 
poleon, or have imitated the ancient renown of Coriolanus or Monk, 
and have saved the world the miseries that were in store for it for 
the next quarter of a century. He was bom in 1739, and served with 
the French armies in a subordinate rank during the Seven Years' 
War, distinguishing himself sufficiently to earn for his bravery the 
Croas of St. Louis. Being of an adventurous spirit, he chafed at 
inaetioo, and tried various enterprises before he was sent as chief of the 
staff on the French expedition against Corsica in l^H8^ He afterwards 
went to Poland and served against the Russians in 1771* On his re- 
turn from a confidential mission to Sweden, he was committed to the 
Baatile, for some imprudence or other, but on his release in 1778 
was made Governor of Cherbourg, and sent to form a great naval 
establishment there, connected with a projected invasion of England. 
At the beginning of the Revolution, he connected himself with the 
party of the Girondists, with whom he came inti power in 1792, 
with the portfolio of foreign affairs. Early in his administration, 
his influence was employ^ to force Louis XVI. to declare war 
against the young King of Hungary and Bohemia, who had just 
succeeded to these dominiouB on the death of the Emperor, his father. 
Upon the invasion of France by the Austrians and Prussians, Du- 
mouriez was sent to the command of all the armies on the frontier, 
being regarded as '* a man whose ardent spirit, indefatigable activity, 
and boundless resources, were best fitted to rescue France from the 
perilous situation " in which, it may be remarked, he himself had 
contributed to place her, frt>m the most impolitic proceedings he had 
forced upon the King. Undismayed by the first successes of the Duke 
of Brunswick, his eagle eye speedily fixed on the sole defensible stra- 
tegy point on the frontiers of France against the Germans, and 
he resolved to make his stand against the enemy in the forest of 
Argonne, which he termed '* the Thermopyin of France." Deter- 
mined to gain these impregnable passes, he took the bold resolution of 
pushing on directly across the Austrian vanguard, until he could 
call up Kellermann and the other divisions to l^s aid. With these he 
made the famous stand at Valmy, where, thwarted and dismayed| 



121 CHARACTER OF OEinSRAL DUICOITRIIS. [a«D. 



tho allies first endeavoured to open nef^otiations, and then retired 
altogether out of France. Being thus left at liberty, he was enabled 
to execute his favfrtirite project of invading the Low Countries^ 
and rescuing those fine provinces from Austrian dominion. He 
■oon found himself across the frfmtier, and on the ftih and 6th of 
November gained the battle of Jemmappes, took Liege, Antwerp, 
and the greater part of Flanders. In the hei;;]it of his militarj 
glory he thought hiuiself able to stay the violence of party, and re- 
paired to Paris with the expectatifin that his influence could savr the 
Ufe of the King. After the executi«»n, he resolved to use his best 
en'lcavuurM to re-r-stablibh the monarchy under the son of Louia ; 
but hi>i BuccesH, and perlmps his arrogance in coiMe<|uence of it, lust 
him alt/igetlier the estimation of the violent men who ruled his ef»nn- 
tiy. War having been now declared against Holhuid, he determined, 
with the adventurous spirit which marked the character of the man, 
to effect a pasMge acroes the sea at Uort, and tlius to penetrate into 
the very heart of the United Provinces: but fortune all at one« 
turned against him. The succeflses of the Prince of Cobnr^ against 
the French armies, near Maestricht, called him hastily away Iran 
what ap|>eared an easy conquest to repair the faults of others ; and 
on the 18th he fought and lost the battle of Neerwinden. Then 
began a series of negotiations with the Generals of the enemy, wfaieh 
scarcely a<lmit «»f any justification, but which ended in bringing him 
as a refugee for his lifu to the Austrian head-quarters. Distrusting his 
new ass(M;iatcs, he wandered about Germany until he beard that a 
price was set on his hea<l, when he fled to England. He took a 
lively interest in the prngrens and issue of the war, but he did not 
return to France at the restoration of the Uourbons. He died in 
1823, at Turville Park, near Henley, honoured with the friendahip ol 
many distinguished English public men of the day. 

Dumouriez halt many of the qualities of a great man, an enter- 
prising character, and indefatigable activity. He had alau, on* 
doubtedly, military talents of a high order ; was fertile in raaoareca, 
bold and energetic ; but success had raised him to a giddy height of 
fiune and power : and volatile, fickle, and inconsiderate in charaeier, be 
adopted his measures too hastily to ensure his obioct. Veering with 
the infatuation of the extraordinary times in which he lived, he changed 
with every wind that blew, and it is impossible to determine whether 
he was most hincere as a republican or as a friend of monarchy. He 
was, at the last, tlie dupe of liis vain-glory and ambition ; and altfaoogh 
he has lK*en branded as a bribed traitor, there does not appear sufi- 
cient testimony to justify the imputation. In his purblindneae he 
openeil his intentions to<i uni'CHervedly to fulfil them ; and in nttrr 
ignorance of the character of his soldiers, he entered upi>n a sehcme 
for or Si^iiinst his country, which would Imve been almost impractica- 
ble in the hour of his greatest success, but which was utterly abaord 
at the moment when lie had imiuiireil all his credit. Uenounced at 
length as a public enemy, and threatened with the vengeance of 
those in power, he thought that, knowing the incompetenee and 
dishonesty of those who had obtained the helm of aflkira, Im might 



i793.] DVKK OP BECSSWICK DKITF8 BACK CUBTISE. 125 



LTDDTcd iii the verv anialleat elempiii iif lulrioIiBm. 

S. DAMPIKIiaE FLICED IN CdMHIND OF THE ABHf OF THE 

North. 
The news of the defeDtiOD of DumouTiez uid Che retreat of CuUine 
■farn the PmBgiuni, uriTiuji; *t Paris at the uune time, crealcd 
loufnl seueatiun in that o.i|>11bI. The Conventiun droived a per- 
■Dont ultinii, and eent off frctih cDiiiinitiurivB t<j ren»eiiibte ih« 
nnj' uf ihu Nw^h, left without an; Met or organ iution. Thete 
mied on the spur uf the mument a cnmp at Faiuarii, near Valen- 
and appointed GonenU UHHipierre to the command. Itaeema 
ihat at such aiuomeiil Ihe allied cliiefa ahould liave been 
Ilatocy in tlicir movenituta, when diere wia nothing between Ifaem 
nd Pari* ; but inateod of the eiier];; that might have been expected, 

■ ' ' K'e of Coburg, on the 7th of April, at Antwerp, 

luncll with the Prince of Orange and the diuloma- 
of AtiHlris, Grent Britain, and Pniuia, aa to " indemnitiGB lor 
_. . paU and guaranttea for the lulure," The whole of ihe month 
W April was llifitfore lost in brin){ing into Una the VHrioua cnntln. 
icTiU of the great p^iwera whu were now aasembling in the vicinity 
^ Quievraui, immedlntely ojipoaile to VaJancienoM. 
10. WiA ON TnB Gerhin Frontier— The Ddke of BtiUNBWtDS 

DklVra BACK CUSTINE. 

The DuIiB of Bi-unewick, durina all Iheee proceeiiinES* wag in 
Hmunaud of an ai-my of ncarlr BU,UOO men, of uliicli 65.000 were 
I'ziiSBiaiia, and the reaC Saxona, Hcraiani, Bavarians, and aome 
loBtriins. The Duka watched fuBtine at Majenco and ita »i- 
Mtj with 45,000 men. 'I'hin General had been diagusted b; 
be Brrival nf ihrce conimiaumea or flcld-dcputien, who interfered 
t> mnch with hia c^^nimand, that he took advantage of a lull in field 

Vrhieh broBght on lilm in llie end a fearful reprisal. It was on 
tbeSOCh of April that the Convention had deternniied lo BendHixtyof 
iweie repreeenlativeB to tho Beveml armiea. Tbe number sent to 
'le army of the North was twelve; aonio of whom were charged witli 
16 eieeDlian of works of defence and supplying of fortified places ; 
xne with the arming and equipment of recruiti; and aome had 
IS duty of BUT veil lance of bH military operaciona. The power of these 
^mconauls wBB extreme ; they owed reBponnibility to no une. Gene- 
-Xala were displaced by tliem and Bent to tbe acaffuld, new ones were 
bominaled by tliein from the lowest of the people. Before six monthB 
luid paaaed, i t was reported of these commiawrieB, by St Just, that they 
iNtd pillaged at least three milliiins from the taxes due to the Stale. 
"Cuatuw ivturoed from Paris without any saocesa \b'V\u \a\i»>^ «x% 
Mlb tbe bare order lo defend the cnutae <A ftve "Kft«>f,>»-^*»*- 
*• »feA' under A'eawinger at Bingeii, HoniAiBii *^ ■t3(i>i3»»S*-.«*' 



\ 



126 WAB ON THB irOBTHBBK VBOlfTIBB. [aJ). 

cantoned the rest of his anny in the villages and places between 
Worms and Spire. Before the return of the Frencn General, the 
King of Prussia had joined the army, and determined to take the 
offensive. In order to distract the attention of the enemy, he sent 
1200 men under the command of Colonel Zekuly, to cross the 
Rhine at Rheinfels. On tlie i7th of March, Zekuly attacked Hoa- 
chard at Stromberg, and at first with some success; but the 
French General soon recovered liimself, and drove back the Prus- 
sians. Custine on the 20th himself attacked Zekuly, and after some 
hard fighting forced him to retreat. But the news of the victory at 
Neerwinden encouraged the King to advance again, and on the 25th 
the Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen crossed the Rhine by a bridge 
of boats at Baocharach, and the same day advanced and took a post 
on the Strom berg. On the 27tli he sent forward the Prince of Wir- 
temberg and Zekuly to attack Neuwinger, in position at Waldal- 
gesheim. The French General had so extended his troops, that 
the Prussians were here enabled to establish themselves on his left, 
and the Prince of Hohenlohe coming rapidly on the enemy at the 
same time put them to flight; in the conflict General Neuwinger 
was wounded and taken prisoner. The whole army followed Prince 
Hohenlohe across the river, and camped on the Stromberg. Afker 
having had a smart affair at Bingeu on the 28th, Custine now 
withdrew his troops, and feeling the weakness of his left flank re- 
treated altogether behind the Pfrin on the SOtht which enabled 
tlie Prince of Hohenlohe to advance to DahlAheim, on the high road 
to Worms, and thus cut off the French General absolutely firom 
Mayence. A detachment from that fortress, of some 5000 or 6000 
men uiMer General Schaal, with the siege train, came out from the 
city to force their way to join Custine, but were prevented and driven 
back after some hard fighting to Guntersblum. The Duke of Bruns- 
wick now brought up his whole army and would have pnriied 
the French further backward, but their cavalry, under Clarke, 
showed so firm a front that they checked the Prussians in a charge 
at Gunsterheim, and accordingly the French army established 
themselves behind the river Pfrin, on the 30th of Miirch, with 
their right resting at Worms. The King, on this, ordered Gene- 
ral Wurmser to crass the Rhine at Ketsch, near Spire, and to 
occupy Gemiesshoim, in the French rear, which obliged General 
Custine to fall back upon Landau, and subsequently to Lauterbourg, 
whei'e he intrenched a position behind the Lautcr, resting with its left 
jceutre on Weissenbourg, to cover the gorges of the Vosges territory. 
The Duke of Brunswick, upon this, sat down before Mayeuce, of 
which he prepared to undetake the siege in foi*m. 

11. War on tub Northern Frontier. 

General Dampien*e turned to good account the leisure afforded 

him in reforming and disciplining his army. He thought it well to 

withdraw to Bouchain, in order to be less under the eye of the 

'^'^my, and formed a camp at La Madelaine, where he collected, hn n 

i time, 24.000 men, having General Lamarche, with 8000 nmw 



HE FRENCH ATTACK THE 



iienJ Lnmiirliire, with a piirL of ibe 
'of hiiic on liiB left. On tha I3lli of AiJril tliB rrinee of 
nbur^ cliiwd his ■rm;' up on Valeucisiiue*. wliidi iinincJuilelj' 
l^htltRck Uumpinre to hiB nuna U Tanian on the lAth. It hud 
•gnwd thnt iho DrlrJih coiitmgrni, under tlie Daks of York, 
14 Haomblo nt T-anuj, whore he wm jairiHl ly ■ lUiiaveritn 
MtUoh oh tlie SUrd ; »nd new tlioj' onlcnni Ibo Hub and the allies 
nbltd on Ihe French fninticT a force of 4a,0lll> men, to 
V onlj' ii)>|>aH)d 30,000 badly organtxad Freiieli troojis, 
12. Thk Fuench trr«cit tna Alliu add *hk iiEriii.sEn. 
The French comniivariea were MUMble uf (ho ■leeeMit]' of " blmid- 
ing" their troiipH u »mn •• poMible, ma well for thfir uwd encoo- 
ragemant as (or the public feeling of the natiun, raucli de|ir™Bed by 
the Ule nnlawariJ evenbi, and urged Damiiien-e. uutwillislaiiiliiig 
the di8^ra[j»rtiou of his nieaiu, bi xttompt soiuelhioK for tha relief uf 
CotM, which waa alrsndy bloekaded by a force under the Prince of 
Wirtemberg. It wa* aaaordingly arranged to make a general attaok 
«■ ibe whde line of the allie* na the nuiming of the tat of May. The 
MUpgma of General Oita were driren in "n that day, bat Oeneral 
iTenari, eoming up to hii support, Miipped ihv French advance, 
— 1er Uenernl Itoziere, at SL Snuve. tieuHml Cullorodci, advancing 
n Soboura, caine in wghc iif tieiieral Lamtrehe'a diiiaiun al Cnr- 
^ If wlio DO Booner saw the ajipanlion of a goodly army of Auatriaa 
ti%a*dTunB, than they fled in diBorder, and escaped with diHioulty to 
iMir'oanip aeroBs the RjinuUe, followed by CuUuredo. Geiisral e'er' 
ri bad equal ■ueerai agwnat General lt*i£i£re'a attack, and drove 
in back into ValeiicienafB. On the other aide of the Scheldt, Clair- 
1^ with eqnal facility, drove back Genera) Kilniaine into hiH camp 
t Atuilt, bat Oeneral Lamarlicre, who had brought Dp 30DO 
'~~~'~ 'rom Lille and Toumay In threaten St. Amiand, fuund to bis 

^ ,. only 40U0 Pruatians there, wliom he niiglit have oruehed, 

km knowing nothing of what wb» paseiug uD his right, he cunteDtod 
llllnadf with driving tlie enemy out of it into their canip at Maulile, 
knd retired asain. The Freueh biat in IheMi attacks some 2000 
fcUled, wounded, and pnsuners. 

^ NevenheleMi, the commiButries urged another attempt to save 
Condtf: and Dampierre detonnined upun a pku of attack, which 
Might have aiiBWersd at tlie lirBI, ivlien, aa it waa seen, tlie left 
ijbaod no great force o^ipoacd lu it; bnt the Prince ofGiburn lisd 
^DW Mmedied thia defect, by iil<>wug in liia right, and aconrdingly 
" a Uritieh di>i»ion waa brought up to occupy the camp at Unulde, 
Unpierre, conaidering that the forces of Ilia advenary were 
nianted by the Scheldt, delemiinod on making a faiut on the 
aide of Quewioy, and on CBrryiug all his atn-ngth against Clair- 
^filit at KalBmiB, and on tlie british General at Maulde and SL 

'1. Lamarli^re aceordiugly advanced in three colmuns un the 

DeMHaiches, in command of the ngb^i ""o *'' lAtiiSwn «&. 
f, Cbauniiiat, with the Ull, uu ■Rauwyea, «>A ■V»h«*«*«% 
lie dii'eotion of tlia centre, woa W miiN« tia ^'i" t^i^^"* 



Aiinbi 



i 



128 THK ZUEMCH ATTACK THE ALLIES. [aJ>, 

Here he nrrived irUhuut mueh npposiliaD, for the PmsdanB had 
lieea withdrawn. Gi^neml lledouvUle mcceedetl IQ obtaining ■ f(>nl> 
iug in Che village of Rusines, but ClaiHkit sent General Wenr^klieiu 
ID the aSHatuice ot his troopB, and (reed the vLlaf[e of the French. 
Dmnpierre coDBequenltj' fiuE hinuelf at the head of ei^ht battalioDBf 
ta regain this iniportiint advantage, wbru he was Htrui'k by a caDOon- 
Khot, wliieh carried off his leg auil thigli. Gtinenit Lanuirclie auo- 
aiediMl to Ibe eoniniand, and fwling the diaeouraj^ineiil lo the traopt 
of tha loea of their general, ordereil u retreat, 'i'liongh [lie AuatriM* 
had Bucoeeded in driving the French out ot Raisnies, Ihej hod not 
■ncceeded in dislodging tlieni nut of the woods of Vimgne; uid 
Geneial KiinbelBdorf, wliu oomiDanded the Pnimnns, now requeated 
llint Bome of the Briiisli might be eeut to bim to atrengtben hit 
poBt, and force back the enemj'. 

Thia was the lirst occaaiDii on wliich the Bri^ah met the re)>nhliean 
troo|«. Abunt twelve o'clock the greiiadiem, Coldstreams, sud 3rd 
regiment of British guarda marched up between the abbey at 
Vicogne and Si. Amand. The ColdatreBma marching at the head ol 
the column Arst came up with a line ot the enem}''B iotrenelimenlai 
flanked by a bnltery. These, unJer the command of Ci'lonel Pen> 
niugton, speedily drove back the enemy, and nith the usubI aidnnr ol 
very yoanf, Iroopa, drove hiui home to his very gnus, which iasiaadf 
opened wilb fatal eSvet upon the British guarda, who suffered dearly 
for lUeir temerity. However, though tlie ouinouade lasted till dnk, 
tliey held their ground. On the !tib the PruMiaim uid Auetmna 
carried live of the French balieriea,and on the lOlli General l^siar- 
Here, upon the orders of Uenenal Lamarche, withdrew hia fUreM 
back lo Lille without bis bring pursued. 

The Prince >if Coburg now determined to assume the oSeasi*^ 
and to disl'idge the French from ibeir camp at Fnniars, jii order It 
undertake the seige of Valenciennea, which he Iclt blniselT vqual la 
carry on at the name Ume lliat be held Cuude uloaely iuvniad. 
The French camp waa well defended by redoubts aiid abaMii^ 
and occupied a hill behind the Honclle, a stream inaccessiblv It 
the guns. The Duke of York was ordered to attack the H^ 
flank of tbe camp, and General Ferrari the redoubt of AulnoJi. 0« 
tba 23rd nf May the British marched from their bivouac, ami 
arrived on the bills between Preseau and Marecbes, where lh»f 
came in sight of the enemy, wbo opened a distant eaimonade agaiaH 
Ihem. Two sijuadrons of hussars were sent rapidly forward to eovtr 
iha bridgea, which tlie artillery were enabled to lay ncrosa tin 
Kcinelle, tnd these were followed, at two in tlie aftenuHin, by tbt 
brigade of Btitiab guards, who M onoe moved Forward under fin 
of the French artillery, which nas well served, and succeeded ta 
silencing their guns, which were nt this lime the atrengili of 1^ 
French army. A unart clutqte of cavalry repelled the eutaj, 
and after the cannonade bad lasted some time, seven baOalian^ 
under the ordere of Generals Abercrombie and Wabnoden, got nf 
the hill, where all encamped on tlie same position that had been oooiK 
pied by the enemy the nigbt previous, between Artre and Qaer«tnal» 



2| 



H1793.] ISHCBRECTION Ilf LA rENDBB. 129 

H'The Prencli innk ndvnntnge of tlio approach of ni<;1]t to withdrnw 

II ibe whcile of their Iniops frnra the crump of Famars, which they ivBre 

mabled la do imnpposad, and to retraat on Biiuchnin, wliero tiiey 

nccn)iied one of the mmij locolitica kno>vn ns Ccesar'B camp. With 

the iiverwlielming force of the alUea Bomelhing more brilliant might 

I iiav«been aecompHBhed, but, the extreme cnutlun of the QeneraliBsimo 

L ■ Iwd sent the divisions of Latnur Hud Wemach to observe Maubeuge, 

U jud another corps to obnvve Candf, which frittered down his 

H aimigtli, and, indeed, it was not till the next inunimg that the caiop 

■ of Mount Anziti, on the oiher aide of the Selieldt, was entered hj 

■J Chui4«lti (or tlie French General Kilmniiio, who had iield it the 

r preiitiiia day aeainat General Collot^do, liad onlv evacnat^d it in the 

eouncofthenislit. The French in theBeuffaira'loet 600or7l)0 men, 

and aeventeen pieces nf artillery. 

Ti» Prinea of Cobnrg now detOmiinBd npon the siege of Valen- 
eienoes. And whilst the Austrian General-in-Chief is oeciipied with 
one fnrli'eKi, and the Prusuan witli another, it will be well to turn 
riuritfvntiDn towards La Vendfe, where an alarming iDsurrectinu had- ' 
heoame organiiod i^inst the government, which senoualy affected 
the general state l^f ntfulrs, and might have jeopardized the exiatenco I 
of the Republic altogether. I 

13. Inbukkeciioii ]n Li Vnnn^E. 
The murder of the King aod the conduct of the revnlntionarf 
par^ at Paiis p^jdneed a. violent roaolionar)' feelinB in those parti 
of BritUDf and Poitou that buretliBunineof La Vendfio. The people 
of these provinces were finn myalists, and much attached to their 
rrllpim. and being atimutaCed by tlieir ptieHthiwd to rise in defence j 
of the aliarmid throne, they sounded the tocsin nn the lOlh of March, : 
and UBiier the command of Chnrette and Stufflet (i garda-ehasse of 
M. M»uMvrior). and uthers, they erected the royal standard, and 
proelainicd the infant son of Louis XVI. King, by the name of Louis 
XTII. The first Vendean blood that Howed, was to oppose the 
anth'Tttics at St. Flnrent, who were proceeding lo draw the cmgcrip- 
tion for the army. When the tnmull commenced, a gun was bronght 
Iwxnl and o)iened on the revollera, but it was speedily silenced I 
■nil taken. No day subsequently succeeded that did not witness 
new degree of conflict and blno^shed, and the Marquis de Beau- 
the administrator of the district, uraa kil1ed,oii the 15th, in one I 
» mSUeai The plan first adopted by the insnrgenta was en- I 
ittauiie. Swayed by those among them whose knawledga I 

ieoce in the conduct of war entitled them lo respect and I 

. . thffj kept solely tii the protection nf their own Tillages I 

'mA InanhR. mllying forth beyond tlie limits of their own country 
•Mj lo obtain arms, ammuniticm, And such implemi ' 
Ihcy iMvded. In a short time, Ihnjugh repeated vie 
— _ -._- ^^gy became possessed of hu^ quantitli^ of military 
and at the same time succeeded m striking a panic 
^ adversaries, thus commanding their reapeet Mi 

trtr, tfap imtural face of their country was favourable tu enlurpi 
ToL. IV. 



i 




nhe ■ 

litary j 
name 



130 WAK OK THE SFAKISH FBCtNTlEH. [A.D. 



of Iha kinii ; minted, uneven, and wouil}', intui'seclHil b}' DunheB) 
Mi'l eencrnll)' difHcule of acaeu, it ssauivd tliem ngiLinst sudden 
aurpcuee. It is ttie opinion uf many, tlint if Uiv;' had uiiifonnlj' 
■rdhcrod td tiisir (lof«nd>ii pluii tixey wuulil Imvo ultimniel)' Bua< 
Mo^cil, or, Dt laiwt, would uovtr hnvg b^cu ovcrc^ume ) but, dnuxl 
with unobeokid (ucceSB, ihej' relaxod tbcir cnutiun, tind «uu8«qucD(ljr 
lul tlunr eupenorlty. 

CniUsliuuau, ■ eaitiiriir, uflerwni'iU called tlie MiaHionuy, alormfd 
ui iulrenclimenl, kiiUi in haivt, at Cliailuna, uii iho 13tll ot Mtrcl^ 
wbera he wm jnineil by Clmrotte, nnd tlie next dny ihoy e^ilntM 
Cheniilli^, wiiU wiiiie |iriiaiiet« uid nrniB ; iiii ihu fuIlawiuD ia^ 
SeoHift kdrniiced to Cliullut, and took i(. Sn«n D'Elbte uiIBmi- 
ehun|i, bulh most dittinniisheil louden, bad Biniilsr auooiMWi 
th«r dvlmtcd GenenI Marc^ at St. Vuiceiic iiii tli« I9tb, took 
CbftloniiM un tliH alut, dafeiitBd General Giiuvilliera k UeMiprMO. 
■ad drova biiu buck beblnd tbe Loire on tbs 23i'd of KptU, P ' 
all tbcM oumbaW, though blwid}', were et>n(luet«d nu nci pi 
tnd by no reguUr lakdef, until, nt ]su|rtb, Hinry de U Itiw 
Jkcijucliii joined hi* aountryineu *t QinlleC, and Ivd ihcm agai_... 
ibe MpubficRn Qtuenl Qudtlaeau on the lilh of Mu), wlio had 
(Utabiiehcd hliiieelt at Thuimre, r >tr<»if{ place on ft hill to the nulh 
uf S>uniur. Tliln i'«iinivneil li'uder iiiaeud liiinetlf at (lie ht-ad uf 
the iiil'anUy, eninied the rivur, anil fell u|inn hiB oppuiieiita viftli ai 
tun, tlial be took tlie rB|iiibIieiUL Ueaural priaoDDr, with the wboU 
of Ilia diviition, twelve gune.Mid BeveriU (biiuaaod niunkau. Bit, 
ounrftgnd by ihia iiicuesB, the Voudiuuia •lUaniwd )i){iiJnHt Ch»- 
ttUunprifi ^arrieuned by 4000 ntun, wliivh tliuy alurniuil and aBr> 
rlvd, but on tliu IGili La Rnohe^aaiiuviin »rid Lveeure vti'* 
<]*fl»Ud at FoDtenay, with ihv lowi of twentv-fbur guuH, inoludini 

Sihu objent of nwch vcncratiou to tlieni) cfie aaa oallod Mftria 
eruine. Tbe Vendean cliiefa anombled, on the bib and Oili of Janet 
ft force of 40,000 men, and ua the ^\i^ aiornied and cnplurtd (he 
Inipol'tant town of Sauniur, and tlicii deWl'Sliued to uako an tS" 
againet Nantea, the oipital of tbe diKti'Lut, but wero tlmi; Jirci 
flted by General CniuiUui, ou (lie 2llth of June, ami <' ''' ' -^ - 
was kilieJ. Oh tlie Ifith of July tlis repuhllMii •.'- 
n41i^rii, however, farced tlie bci'Ige Kl MarUgn^-llri^n 
Rooiie-Jacquviin, Bunnbainp, iiUiBlet, anil oihnm ^^ 
wounded, Novcrihtlese, on th« 17lh, an abb^, <'''ii< 
Qiahop of Agi*. Bounded the tooBiu, and at Iho head of n umlniu.ii', 
U'£lb4u,wlio woa now nuerallBiiinio, coiupletely uverwhi-lined U«- 1 
iienil Uiroii, at the head of 16,000 men, iwik all bii artillorjr nai 
bagRBge, nnd completely nMaiablialiod the roykliU •aaendencjr t» 
La Vvud^o. 

14. War on int SriNisn Frodtikr. 

The dentil uf the King wkb nut only an olTeiioi In Spain, rm lb 

grouiid of ihn eluiw family aliiaiiiM> of lliu twii huuaaa gf lioiirbon, bin 

■iiinu cirpuniatnuoDa of periuinal InBiilt hiul %t){ravat*il l)ie hnatU* 

fwliiig of tliD Catholio Uing againit the nipublioiui KuVHnimanL 



I7d3.] WJLR 02f THB SPJLinSH PBONTRR. 131 

The repraentatiMis of ChariM VL to the Conrention, Hjniin^ the 
trial and condemnatioii of Louis XVI., had heen met by a roM>iution 
to pass to the order of the day ; and Danton, one of the regicides 
had, OD this oceaaioa, openly (kelared that the policy of France w-a.% 
** pour exterminer tons lea rois de T Europe/' This >^aa speedily 
foliow«i up, on the 7th of March, by a declaration of war as^inM 
Spain, and an army under General Servan was forthwith ory^nizod 
on the P\-Tenean fironcier. The kinfrdom of S|tain, po«M>smHi of ail the 
w«alth of the New World, had neither fleets nor armies for military 
operations, offemiTe or defensive* The Giunt d* Arauda*8 influence, as 
Biinister, was, at this nnpmpitious moment, undermined by the in- 
i trifi^es of Godoy, now Duke dWIcudia, and subsequently Prince of the 
Peace. The utmost force that ctmld be put fortli by the King, to 
guard the mountain frontier or to inrade France, did not cxc<>ed 
40.000 men, scattered over the whole extent of frontier. On the other 
hand. General Servan, who commanded on the Western l\vrenoes, 
had raised some 0000 men, tliouf^h with difliculty, and without shoes, . 
or doaks, or any of the necessaries for a campaign ; but^ nevertheless, 
with characteristic boldness, he, on the morning of the 31st of March, 
naoved forward in two columns into the Vnl d'Aran against the 
enemy, and at the head of the flrst column tot^k possession of nous8i>s, 
and came <iiix prmi with a Spanish force at Violla, the chief town of 
the valley. A flght ensued, and the Spaniards were driven back to 
Foix, when, meeting with some support, they weix; enabled to make a 
stand. The Spaniards, towards the middle of April, had established 
0000 men in camp at St. Martial, near Yrnn. under (reneriil Ihn 
Vestura Cam. On the SOth of April this chief {vassod the Bidassoa 
and surprised the French camp at Sarre, which oblige<l Si^r>*an to > 
concentrate his forces. But on the 1 7th of May, this General ' 
sent General Lagenctiere into the valley of lloncesvalles, which 
threatened Altsbiscar : hither Caro hastene<l, and drove Imck the 
republicans. The Spaniards, under the Maniuis de la Romagna, . 
then assaulted the castle of Chateau- Pignon, and after a hard c«>ntest, 
in which Lagenetiire was taken prisoner, scaled that almost inac- 
ceasibie position on the 6th of June, and capture<l it. S<H>n after 
this Servan was recalled, and replaced by General d'Elbde. 

On the Eastern Pyrenees General Ricardos, observing the French j 
army of invasion to be dribbled away in the possession of detached | 
▼alleys in the mountains, resolved on taking the initiative and enter- 
ing France by the mountain passes, between the fortress of Relle- 
giude and the Col de Bagnols. On the 1 5th of Anril, therefore, 
having entrusted to tlie militia the care of watching tlioso places, he 
sent the Marechal del Campo Escoflct do Massanet into St. Laurens 
de Cenla, whence, on the 1 7th, he drove out the Ft^cnch garrison, and 
the next morning a division, under Major-General La Union, entennl 
Arle8,and established himself on the river Tech. The veteruit General 
Lahouliere, Governor of Perpignan, alarmed at this sudden apparition 
of a Spanish force in one of the French valleys, immediately ordered 
General Willot with 000 soldiers and 1000 volunteers t) stop this 
inroad. They met the' enemy, on the SOth of April, between Ceret 



182 WAB OV TOE SPAKISa FKOSTIBB. [i.X>- 

uid llic river ; but tlie Spimiah tronps carried the bridge, in spite of 
np|iu«ition, and tuuk four guns. Hid Ricui^ioB pushed on sftor tbi> 
with 1D,00U men, he uiighi hsve ubuJned pasanuon of Perpignut, 
tlie liulHU'k 111 Fnmoo of the Eastern Pjreuen ; but lie IbiHigbl it 
mure pruduiil, M he liul brouglit no artiUery iif bis own acruM lb* 
muuDlainB, lu einplny his time in making such « ruod ■« miglil 
cuiniDUuicate with liia basB ut ciperations, and tbua allawcd lb* 
uppnrtunit)> to MCa|ie. The delegales of the Coii*cntiuUi whu iMn 
at Perpigiinu, immedUtely put thst place into a atato of defeoee, lud 
appealed to the pBtriotiim of the diatrieC to defeiid the meiuMd 
piirtjon of tlieir country. General t'lera wna ordered from tha North 
tu take the command of this army, with General Dagobert tuidar 
him. Ricardoa. finding biiuself. b; the arrivnl ut reinfi>miiHSti> 
at the head of 18,000 men, marcLed, in tlie niftht of the 18lh— IM 
of May, with ia,OW oieu from Ceret on La Bnnlon. The Fiwoh 
oamp V.U, however, on the ali^rt, and General Flera got logalber hil 
troops, and maiiceuvred as if ha intended tu attack (lie S)ianiah le(k 
It WIS five in the monimg when Kioardos, witliout |«yiiig regard la 
this manCDUvre, moved on to the French oamp 'aliuut two lenffiie* 
from Peniignan, and ordered the Duke d'Ossana with four bsllkliOBa 
of Spaniaii guards and six guns lo pass the village of Mas del C"n*», 
and to attAck the repuhlicana on the side of Mae d'Eu, whUo LmsV 
General Courieu meiiaoed theoppoaiie Hank wiili tlireo battaUoasgf 
Walloon guarda, fourteen Hquadnms, and six guns : and Mar*ehal 
del Campu Villslba advanced in die oentre and in aupport, with bw 
bottnlioiia and six guus. Ricai'diis went himself at Uiu head of Ul 
cavalry lo lead the attack, but got involved amid tlte deep raviBE»«f 
the gninnd, nhere Dagobert did not dare lo jnlerrupt him, in ciA- 
Bequvnce of rlie increasing ihitiger on his right win^, where the Duks 
d'UBHUna lisd ali'Mil}' notually peoetralvd the Freu«h camp. Tha 
S|ianisb guuf, fuurioen in number, wore foi-tbwiih opened upon Iha 
enemy, and enabled the Spani^ cavalry to debouch and «hai(i^ 
which would have put the French iniops to the roni, had not FUt^ 
who h«d hastened out of Periugnan Ui th* asaifilanati of his »rv^,tf* 
his mull iulo square*, and an kopt the cavalry at bay until U DM 
bvcome dork, whi-n the French truopa gave way bi their bars oa 
all tidva, became deaf to the appeals uf their officers, and IMM 
actually iireil upuu with grapesbut from the walls uf I'lirpignaBi 
where the gates were ordered to be oiosed againiit tlieni. Afbw 
the victory, HieardoB summoned the fun uf Bagnula, which eur. 
randenjij alter n few hours' oannonado, and he then sat down betm* 
Belleganle, which was garrisimcd by liiODmen, ouder Cilouel Ooia- 
bniW, who defended the phca bravely for twenty daya of open 
truiioheaihullinBlly capilulaledonthcaSihotJmie. 

Rieardos now determined tu nttack tlis Fiviieh camp in fnint 
of PeriHgnaii, and, as a pniliminsry, sent tiirward tbe tkiani da 
la Union lo puwcwt htmaelt of Argetes, and ihe Marechal del Carajw 
Oqoeudo laone of theheigliM of the AJI)irea,fcnownaa tlia Pui ' * 
which uommanda all iIih threu elrnng places ut Culliuurs, St. 
furt Vuu'lro. The firat suoonded, but' ' ' ' " ■ 






1793.] WAB OK THE SPAKISH FEONTIEE. 188 

was of the greater importance to the Spaniards, as a squadron with 
provisions was thus prevented anchoring in the port The Spanish 
Greneral next made the most detailed arrangement of his forces for 
an onset, which was to be made with 15,000 men, with a train of 
artillery, in three columns, against the French camp at Mag dc 
Roz, at three in the morning of the 18th of July. The right column, 
under the orders of Lieut- General Cagigal, advanced by Niel ; the 
centre, under the Marquis de las Amarillas, and the left, under 
Prince de Monforte, moved on the village of Canhoes. Generals 
Dagobert and Barbantane, who commanded the French, received 
the enemy with some hundreds of skirmisbers, and Ricardoe was 
content to maintain this species of contest for three whole days. 
During this interval the Spanish General reconnoitred his enemy, 
and formed his plan of attack, the too ambitious one of enveloping 
his adversary on every side, which he made on the 17th, in five 
columns : the right upou Poullestres, behind his enemy ; the left 
upon Orles ; the third column, under Courteu, by Thuir on Pegillas ; 
while one column,, under Marechal del Campo Hemosa, consisting 
of all the light infantry and cavalry, was ordered to march along the 
valley of the Tet, cross that river at Millas, and march on Perpignan 
by Comeilla and St Est^ve ; and the remaining column, under La 
Union, was to cut off all retreat of the enemy on the Gly. At first 
the Spaniards were successful. The French were surprised, and 
obliged to give way, and the Spaniards, under Cagigal, established 
their post on the heights of Thuir and Mas du Serre. But, as always 
happens in a very complicated plan of attack, some of the columns 
missed their way ; and although the column headed by Cagigal opened 
some formidable batteries, which played with great effect upon the 
enemy for several hours, the chef-de-brigade, Lamartilli^re, was 
enabled to get together such a battery as soon began to tell and to dis- 
mount the Spanish pieces. In the meantime, the supporting eolumns 
not arriving to CagigaFs assistance. General Flers, who had carefully 
reconnoitred the ground, saw his opportunity, and resolved himself 
to make an attack. Rioardos had already withdrawn his damaged 
guns, when Dagobert came suddenly upon him. He immediately 
I called up his cavalry to his assistance, who fSell on the French 
infantry ; these turned upon the cavalry with the bayonet, but un- 
successfully, and eventually gave way. The General-in-Chief then 
sent round Colonel Perignon with the Pyrenean legion, and the Adju- 
tant-General Poinsot was brought forward with 400 men and two 
guns, who ascended the mountain at Mas des Jesuites, where he 
was soon joined by some heavy artillery, which opened with deadlv 
effect on the Spaniards, who were exerting themselves to get through 
the intrenchments at Mas du Serre. At this moment Perignon 
arrived on the one side, and fresh reinforcements from the village of 
Canhoes on the other, when the fight was renewed by Barbantane, 
who now animated his men by a stirring address, and fell upon the 
Spaniards with so furious a charge, as drove them back to Niel ; so that 
tiie next day Ricardos withdrew his army, greatly eowed by this defeat^ 
to hit camp at Mas d'Eo, leaving 1000 men oa the field of battle. 



aiZOE AHD srBHKITDEK OV ITOMa. [aji. 



li, l^TEBJIAl. I(ETOLt» — SlEUE iSD SuBBEmEB OF L10.IS. 

BeddM the neeesaitjr of providing for (he wan on the bordeia, 
tbe eoDveutioiial governincmt had formidable foes against (Jiera in 
the heart of Fnini^e. The ilititurbanceB in Ia Vcndfe had ninr 
lighted lip an opposition to tbe terrorist chiefsintbe deiiartmenisand 
large cities iif tlie Ropubho. Thegoveniment uf France had becnme 
BO cotnplotely a government of blood, to be niutained by tlie fr»r 
of the gaillnciiie, that this foiinidable machioe mn in p^rpploal 
apet&tiiin, and emptajed alike apon (be virEunuB and mciet innocent 
■s upon tlie irorst and moat crimiDaJ ; upon De BaiE]j-,Dpoa Cusiin«, 
Beauhamais, and a boat of generals, anceesfifnl and unsuccee^M I 
upon tbe iofamoua Duke uf lirlFans, as up"n the eiemplijy Quste 
Marie Antoinette and the iorely Madame Koland. When this ladf 
was brought to the acaffuld, «lie bowed low before a statue of Libei^, 
eKclaitiiing, "O Libert}', how maujr crimes arc committed in Af 

A formidable confedpralion also threatened the south of tbe iaog- 
dom, where the cities of MarseiUea, Lfuns, and Toulcin were eacitcdM 
an Dnposiliou t<> the bloody government. Kellormann, who enn- 
manded the army of the Alps, having prescribed purely defendvn 
operaliona in the mouDtsius, hastened away to act againKt Ljima 
with half his army, having detached General Carteaux wilti 3400 
men towards hlarseillea and Tonkin. He now set himself in gaud 
earnest tu reduee the iasurgenla, already become too foi-niiiiaMti in 
the second city of France. T"warda tlie end of Jiil\ :''■■■ 
appeared before Lj'oiis with 8000 men, and a small Iit 
Indeed, had i< iiol been fur a l"i:tuilDtis incidenti bi > 
manu prevented a corps of 10,0(H> Marseillaia firom i-ll- < 
tioii wi^ the voluDleera of Lyons, by the interveutimi ^.. l„„,,i„ 
Carteanx, who encountered and totally defeated thcin, the wliulu 
Boudl of France could at this tiioe have thrown off tbe y\e Of tb* 
CoDTcntimi. The Lyunnese, however, resolved la stand upuo their 
defence. The rebellious inhabitants were already tO.OOO, organiiml 
into ballalicnis under M. de Pricy, an old officer of tim rnyal 
army, and ready to defend tbemaelves. KeUennann lemporited 
for soroe weeks, partly in conseqnence of bis disproportionate nie«WB 
nf ofTeiice, and partly in the hope of coming t» terms ; but tb* 
Cunveiilion, irritated at vbat tbey deemed his weakness of du- 
nuter, sent the ferocious Collot d'Herbiiis, as tlieir commiMBi;, 
to rouse their General tn more energetic measuref, and with thi 
axpresi direction that " Lyons must be rased lo tlie ground." Ac- 
CDrdingly 100 pieces of artillery wen drawn f^m tbo nrst-nuls oT 

Greaable and Besanton, and an comparaes of artil! -, •-- 

battalions of old soldicTS, and two regiments of eavnl' ' 
to the besieging corps, which was now divided intn (ii:: 
uriler In undertake the investment and Hege uf the i'ii> 
immediately set about driving in the Lyonnese from tin ' 
occnpind «n the neighlwuring heigliUand trom Pont il'Onlcis, .^ U:,-ur 
^distant. Had indeed .M.de Fr€cy a^uled liimBelf of all the sdvantagia 



^ 



i 



1793.] aiBQB xyi> evsisssaKA or lio!is. l8o 

he pnBsrasrd orcr KellFmiiinn. whoso four cnnipa nre •Kparatwl 
trom ueh nllier by Ihc vntrr* of ths Saoo* and Kbouv, I10 conld 
iii<ra omrwholmcd any one of thorn hj an aluek from ths cilv, and 
ka might for a long time have deRod bis bvtlofirrt. As tl voi, Ih* 
gmund was dbpaled inch bjr inoh, and Kdlennann f^tl Iiiln dra^rMMi 
lr(l)i ihn cummisuries lor the Itnta ihoy onniidiirvd In lui Iwt liofnr* 
Wmj WMo cnalilcd to parry inin elfVict Uieir clMolklini; iinlvn. Ths 
Lynnntee hopeJ FnT aBaialanm fmrn th« allifd rnrcoi and omi^nt 
dMninn trndcr Giudtf on the «idi< of Stwiburgi ns wrll m IVom Ihs 
Pi«4ninii(esejirTnire on the other aide, but all tlimo »xp«eut3iii» 
Ikilod, and a fparrnl bonibardnii'nt waa opened apkiiwt llio UUfMted 
oily, Tho moat braotiful quMi^r* of the city wore dutroyed by U, 
The public building*, and tb« place do Bel1p«<iur Mid iho quay St. 
Clair were doiimed 10 daitniettnn, bit enn lh* lioBpEtnla aaoaiwd : 
•fid aoon, tn add ta th« eniicMl minery, a roKgaiine in tha aMankl 
ex|i1udBd. During ihe whole of Aiiguat and beolnnlng <i! Septembar 
the ainiTa neveT(heli«s had muilH but little |ii-«gn)w<, liiit by tho exer- 
boua of Ihe GiiiiiniiiiBnrleii. lli« lii^Hi e|-iii)( r»rcH wae mined l>y new loviot 
to 4O,f>O0 meii by the Sflili of Si-]<loiiih-r. 

Famine WM niou uddnl tn rlio kIIict iinrrnra nf Ih« ht«!«pd iu 
r.yflnH. As the w"rk» iif llii" lieaii-Bi-rs dilvmu'ed tli»y out ntf tha 
tiliiensfWiniihenwiurmsof t.bo viviiiitf ; nvrfrihrleiw, tliu tflmniis- 
Mriiie, cnimnc ad (hut they u'erenntyrttiKomus enough In tlletreRbrtii 
In r«dura the biwn. and beeumitijc niorv and more impatient, aoou 
iftor the return nt Kellermniiii dpiioscd him friim the PummMid, 
•hloh lliey give to General Duppei. On the 9S[h et Seplembar the 
twNMbnenl waa futtrftilly narrowed, the bi'ld^eB iind the redoubta 
^Ni« (ftfcen poaaoialun of, luid tho ■kirmraherii were withia ranno of 
<b* lowii nn etery aide. Prtey did all that man vould do Ki contlnHo 
tha daftme«, and In a charge af cavalry drove back tha aharp- 
■hoiitem i but Uie eliiefa of the insiirreellaii aaw rinnrly that liu 
Ii0]ia any longer remained fbr tlieiii for aiiccixiiiful defeiica ; torn* 
2S,rNM in"n, with Priey, datermiued tliuriifoi-B to rut their way out of 
Ihe pliui^ and retire In Switierliind. Duppnt h]ii| iiniiTiaed for a 
-■neral aMunlt nn tho 81h uf (Vir.l.^r, l.u< pn-viim-lv im tlm Hlh wnl 



n Ihe huxbourj of Vaiii-, Imi lli" In' cuv; ,,niiy wi'Im on tVio 

■t And All upon them, pum I Tlirm. 4iviil.il tlu'in, that them 

_ III Ilk* wild bpBSla. wi Ihnt fliily TrKpy unci nlmiit eighty fol- 
Inwian anoceoded in makfag thuir rMape. On ihe lOtli the rupiili- 
I Iktn troopaVKik poaxuRinn of Lynn*. Tlio conacquencee 10 Ihla Una 
rftfOvin tha republican party, pitlaite, maaHcre, vmRennco of.tlie 
BOM cold -hluoded chanic tar, that followed, woraonouiih tomaha llio 
Midaat abudder, and ie a moet diticradllablo aplsoda In the hiatiiry of 
Franaa. 

Tlirre are few examplaa In hiatin'y nf any onniiuerod nity having 

ttpttienvHl anvil vlndinivii trratment aa that 10 whlitli ihia unhappy 

^M« was now ex|>0Md from their own oinintryinsii. Kxnotinna, 

, fUliipi arbitrary imjiriavninHnt, wliuleaale maasanrea, tho gnlllotlne, 



tile torch, &nd tlie awuril liij [lii!ir iiorr[cJ work Fur man; weeks Mid 
iDOntlia after tli« surrouder. 

Tauloii bn<l beta anuiuuBt tlie fiml towiig ihaC wore opp»eed ti> tUa 
revolutioo, far it conMineil innn)> naval u&ioert kttnclivil t-> the old 
gOTernment. Il wu now threatened b;F> iho tdvuiCB •,{ n ■trung 
brce UDdi>r Cartcaui, aiid being d^titule tJ kdequale miMiu irf 
defence, it> peal>1e baw no ntternatiTe hut ti) open ila harbour la Uia 
Bntleh fleet aniler Admiral Hood, then cruiajiig in the bay, and lo 
pcuclaim the Dauphin ai Kini-il Po«e»ian of the towu and pnrt 
waa BBcnrdinglj given to tlie British Admiral, on the eX|ir«k conili- 
tion that the; should be returned lo the Frenali nioAmhj, aaaMm 
u it sbunid he re-GBtabliehed ; but the crews of siiinc Mf that 
wereavpree lo thU arraiijtement were permiltf d tu retire nnmoleUed. 
Soon afierwurds a Spanish aquadrun arrived brin^^ing tvinfurcfonnm, 
whan the allied tn»|is, BOOO strong, took poinesuou of the port and 
all tbo forta connnanding it. 

IC. W»B OM tan Itilun FnoiniER. 

The arm; of the Alps amouDtod to 30,000 men : lliey bad iMwd 
thn winter of 1702 ■>■ Savo; > 



ItaeK against a further inroad towards that capital bjr eaUtblUb- 
ing General St. Andri! with 1U,000 or 13,000 men to defend lb* 

Kiawa of the mountnins ly way uf Saorgio, and ho now threatened 
iee. General Struoldo cohered the valley of the Stura bj 
camping nenr Demont with twelve ballalioDi. General ProreiB 
waa at Coslelpnnle, in front of Qiateau- Dauphin, and iiroMetcd 
the rilUgea of Muni Vino and the Col de I'Aguallo, waldiiiig llw 
valleys of the Fo, Do la Maria, &0. General G.irdun wa* ehargvd 
lodetend,wilh fourteen hattalioiu.tbe valley of Siiel llehadaatab- 
lisbeilBfort of sixteen guuxiinthe paw of Mount Ceniit.and bii<h(*d> 
quartera were at Suxa. The Dulte de Monlfemit watrbed evsr]' 
daBoent by way of the VbI d'Aosie, and had eampa at D>l di Hani*, 
NMT Iho little St. Bernard, and at the lake of C»mbal. Tbe npilal 
tbcrofore waa in eecurily. 

Eally in the year General Biron joined the French army nttbo Var 
withareinforoemonlaf fiOOOmen^and tooktheeommand From lleiMnJ 
Bninvt. lie cqieiied ibe campaign by attacklnpt tbn outjinMa «f 
General St. Aodn!, Ol MunlineL Through total iiKxgwriaiHi* \m 
mountain warfare h« so sepanteil tbe divisinna of liU anny ill Uh 
variuua manaiuvrea, Ihal tliey found iDHurmonnlable ubeloclea |>««- 
•enliid to their rennlling, and losing themaoNire ui woodi uid 
TaUeya in tbe fog*, were in anceewiiiin driven baek, aHer ]A- 
vouaeking a night or two in the snow, wormed and lighted iiti\y \if 
pln« torenet ; while the Satoyat^a, preparrd tjtahiit Ihcae eomniMi 
inddenta on the Alps, were inured and vifcilant. Thun, dnriut 
the apring BMintbe of the year, Brunei, Mauuna, I)uniurl4«i, ana 
other generala, bad engagommM niar* or Im* impatlani aptaiiMt 

General St. Andr^ and otlier Piadn tme ciimmandM^ Aa Uw 

-ninnier advanoed Biruu w«a r««alled lo La VnodM, and OaiMnl 



1708.] 



WAft 05 TItB OJOHMAIC fRONTlKft. 137 



Brunttt ttgftin ftuooopdod to tho 0omiuAiuI. Ou tlio 0th of Jtitio it wnt 
dotoriniiitfd to littaak St. Aiidrdp nnnr I^Autltlou aikI Siiorgio. Ntiur 
tliU liittor fort th« river Uoyn ruim in a profound rtivino, on tlio loft 
biuik of wliialt in Mltuiitml, on tin oniiniMice, tlio villiitfo of timt uMwtif 
and on th« riglit tlio rooliy ortmtM of Ht. Murtlm. wliioli rxtrnd am fi^r 
M Lftuthlon on tholr hlKhont HutnntltM, und tlio Viil dMnri^riio. Tliis 
olMnio ground of aontont liitd hvon Mtuddt^d with fortitioMtiotiM, and 
WM now oooupied hy Utmornl Colli with hiii hrlKAdo und tlmt of 
Dolloriti And gnmidhod on ovory Mido with itrtlllnry. At HrMt tho 
Attiiolc WM nmdo with iiuoh huooomm mm tmtihlod MiAokouHky with hin 
briKMdn to oArr/ tho iiitroiudiod onnip At tiiKii^i'OH, nnd to driv«i tlio 
I'iodmontoMo hAok on BAorglo; hut in tho ond (ionorHl Colli ovor- 
whelinod tlio AttAok of tlrtitiMt on tho OAUtp At Ht. MnrthA, And drovo 
tlio Fronoli hAok with a Iom of Hoino lyOO or I AOO tnon. Tho oivil oom- 
tnifMArloA with tho ArmloH, who woro oontlnuAlly oouimidlitiK AtiAokt 
by bruto foroti, And throAtoniiiff tho unfurtunAto ootnnmndorM with A 
<lonunoiAtion to tho govorningnt if ttioy h^iiUAtodf now urgod UonorAl 
Drunot to a ft*oiih amoauU, tho fAtnoui HnrrAO bi«hig tho numt urgont { 
that GonorAl Aooordingly AgAin AdvAiiood on tho 19th to forco 
Uio putm of Rauimi; hut (loiioml Colli, uroftthig hy tho forntor AffUiri 
WAM on tho Alort, And liAd o<»ni)ilotnd aII IiIm dofiMtooHf ho thnt ho gAvo 
tho Fronoh a WArin roooptloii, nnd thoy woro di'ivon hAttk with tho 
looN of SOOO nioti, And woro forood Aftorwardii to roniAln itiAotivo for 
•ovoral moiitliH. (ionorAt Kolioritmnn liAvliig on hU hAntU tho iiiHur- 
rtotlotM At logons And Touhui, oould, in fAuti oflfoct nothing At thio 
timo AgHinut ItAly, for no Hoonor Imd ho OHtAhllHhod hlniHolf At hit 
hoAd-qn^rtorit At ChAinhrry, thAn ho roootvod ordorH on tho 80th to 
prooood with a groAt pArt of hin forooN to triUKiuillUo tho torrltory of 
tho iiopnblli*, And bring Imok Ly<inM And Toulon to tlioir Alk*glAnoo. 
The vAt'iouN ItollAn MtAtoM woro At tliU tlino nioro or Iom undor 
iho prolootlon of tho flootM of UroAt HrltAiiiy whioh ooniinAtidod tho 
olioroo of tho ModltorrAUoAU Soa. UnnoA liAd boon with difficulty 
rootrAiood from fnitornixlng with Fronoh doinoorAtlo pritiai|iloM, aiiu 
WAO At thlH timo hold Imok in a doubtful lioutriilitv, Tho (it'Aiid 
Ditko of Tumuihy, on tho rt^proMontAtionii of tho MritiMh iiditUt(<r At 
liU o<mrt|hAd oiulorod tho Fronoh AinliAHHAdor to (jult hiit tofrlturloH t 
III (^mloA pAoll Imd rAiHtid thn HtAudArd of rovolt undor vlow of 
Aiimo HhlpM of WAr wliloh Lord Hood Imd Hont to lilni from tho 
lirltlwli MquAdron t wliilo NapIoa Mitd HUdly woro tiulto pAiiMlvo, Aud 
»t« inAooAronl ** undor tholr own vino And ilg*troo/' 

17. Wah on tmh Gkuman FuoNtiKii'-HiKUH or Mayknor. 

Tho King of I*ru«MiA, prolUliig by tho loAotion of tho Fronoli 
Arniim Aftor Cuntlno Imd bomi di-ivoii bAok into tho VoMgoN, Mot hlni- 
Holf in oAmoot Ut prt^pAro for tho nlogu of MAyonoo ; but by ouo of 
thooo vory Almurd ArrAiigomontN whltMi Aro olton found to ooour In 
oonfodorAtod ArinloHf tho thto itlogo-trAlii of tho AuMtrlAim Imd born 
dirootod Ut tAko imrt In thoidogo of VnloiuilounoM, whllMt tlmt itUondod 
for tho Hlogo of MAyvttoo Imd to bo brought In a groAt iiioAMuro out 
of liollMid ) 00 tbAt A vory oonoidorAblo dolAy wao oooAilonod by thoiio 



138 WAB OK THE QKRIIAS PBOKTIEB. £a.C, 

cmSB nurchra to both Eicen, tliut were abont to be iQ pmgren 
m the Bune lime. On the 6[h of April Field- Marshal Kalkrallb 
commenced tlie inveEtment of Mnjence. Thia fortreBB hsd been 
lilaced in a rBspeetable slate uf defence by the French eo^een, 
Dajri and Meiinier : ihe Inll^r tlie well-known author nf the wm-lu 
HI Cherbourg. Mavence stands an the left bank of the Rhine, baving 
fDurteeD basiionE in a semicircle, but the whole extent ia commanded 
by the two strong delached forls of Haapetein and Charles, and bjr 
tlie (((* da ;««( at CaaseL The garriiaHi wag in itsell' an anny, fnr 
General Sebaal, as we hare seen, had been unable to carry away 
a ])ortioii of it under hia cumniand, and accordingly 22v000 men, of 
whom 3000 were cavDiry, were now enclosed wiUiin the eneeinu, 
under Aubert-Dubayet, Uie commandant; but the villages of Weiae- 
nau and Zaiilbach, beyond it, were also oceupiad, so as to Impede M 
mueh SH possible the first appmaehes of the enemy. 

As early dg the 11th of Afril a considerable sortie was made 
under General Klelier, to surprise a corps of 10,000 HeBsiana under 
Genera] Schoenfeld, at Biberich. but it failed altogether in its object 
Un the 14th, Kslfarenth eompleted the incestmenl, and eataULshed 
his head- quarters at Marienbom. The entire blockadiog force cim> 
aiated of KTty-seven battalions and forty squadrons, and no dme KM 
now lost in placing it within lines of circuntrallation. 

On the 2Gtfa the King <if Prussia was sorpritied by the arriTil of ■ 
flag of truce from General Cnetine, commandmg in cliief the amiy of 
Ibe Rhine, offering to surrender Mnyeiice, if the garrison wereallowad 
free egress with all iu materisl. To this astounding prapontMO, 
however, it waa found that (he subordinate generals of the garriato. 
as alao the repreeentatiiea Merlin and Rewbell, who were in the 
plaoe with the Iroops, would not agree : accordingly 
for the siege continued. 

On the night of the SOlh of May the besii^ed 
powerful Borlie of OOOO men upon the head-quartera at Marienboni. 
They had become a|<prised that permission had be*n givem to lb* 
peasantry to i>ai« tiir"U);li the inveatiiig fnrce, in order v> gather in 
their harvest un the ground eiioluEed between the two ariniea; tn 
the obscurity, the two battalions of Saintnnge and De Beanvoha* 
were allowed to pass the outposts, na though they wore the jtauwm 
passing to thi-ir work, and thus actually carried the tint outwiirla; 
but the alarm of Hring Mon brought troopa to tlie rescue, and lbs 
French were driven back with lose. The boinbardnient on the de- 
voted place was now resumed with increased vigour, and Ueunter, 
who commanded at Coasel, chaiiiig under this fire and at the l«M It 
neOBsioned among his men, eallied out on the night of the ISdi nf 
June, in a boat npon the river, which being recogiiiied by the Pna- 
eians, a fire of all anna «aa o|ieiied upon it, in wlitob ■ nnnon-ahot 
struck the General nn the leg, vho died after amputation the aosl 
day. As soon as his death was known to the King, hia Hajoaty 
ordered k truce from all tlie batleriea nntil the funeral ■ and ""* — 
they were again opened, it was with one grand salvo to the li 
memory uf this highly diatinguiahed officer and — '- - 




1793.] VXU ON THK eXRUAIT 



h 



Doha of Hniiuwick, viih hia hvad-ijukrtrre at Rdick1iDri>n, w*b in the 
triA coinnuiiiding llie coveriofr snny Bgiiinul tbe eadriroura of tl<e 
I frmoli <lcu««1 to interccpl tbe siege. CaMine iiad lie«n HUmniolieil 
I awnjr la GomaiKiid Dumiiiihex'H unny Kftvr lin d»le«iian wid the 
il(«th iif lhini)iirrni ; but her»re lie qiiiiti'il his oomnnnd, tia th«u)iht 
lis lind an nppnrtiinlt/ u( liiivinK lo hla aunpininiis in kmn > 

IfflariiiuB uiuviMur a! himit»lf by mikiiif: h aoup ift Main on WurniBw*H 
dtvlcjon. plkOHl in front of I^ndftu. bstwesn ihe niiiunuiin> aud iba 
river, uid dividid bjr the lofU«t rtdsa nt lbs Vii«|^ fi'iHii Printw 
Uoticnlohc'a «iH'|>« M Landntbiilil and ZwclbrUekm. AiKiirdingly, 
uii iht' I7i>i <'F May. afur aeiidLnR s-mo MOO or niftO nen under 
li. iii-:i:i:.l i.tt.iiiti th* O^riibcrg-, hv liinmeir witli aii advuiee F;vard 
'ii.iii ftdvaiiFfd Stma WriKieiibimra on Ilia high road 
<■ I'liiwral Furriers pniceedud fniiii Ijtnlei'burg with 
■ ■ I .•'■- II "II RilMheim. T-i make Hie tnoTWiwiil mure im- 

S- ii:^^ I., rri.il I'huniburlhac with 1900 men waa ordmd to tha 
tiinc at Fiirc Luiits, t" lui<k afti^r any enrmy In that quarter, if he 
cwild Bad <>ne. l''erriere un di-bx-urluiii; Ironi Iho woods was roeeivtMl 
•0 well by tho PrUHelnnii under Vioiiipnil, ihni ha could Denver ruuh 
lUhdiriin, and Cnaiitie on rmcliing Oticrahelni without aueoen and not 
•Miug Ferrlin'a advance, was asiuUo) by ^lO brigade nf lloiaa ud 
part uf Coodtf'e amy, and fureed tii return ntiddly lo Wolnwnbmwg. 
He l«tl the brigada at UaUy at Unrbelmth, to nipport Felfltra, who, 
iHit (nr the exertion* of GenerHl d'Hilliera and the eHiirta of hia 
ravdry, ^luld eoarcoiy have guc b^ek in safety tn Jnckrim. Th* 
jIDrrinoii „t l.iiMiUii, who inadu a eurile to aid tlila oompUoatad root«- 
inoLii. lin~i<'T>i'il i<i gB( baek int'> tlie plaee aa nuiok m iHwaiblei ftod 
ChBinbnrliNit' "fvcr SGOoniplinlKiJ tlie eonatniotion of hia bridge nor 
Rot n niiiii nciiiBB tlia river. Tlia whole thing wHa a tkilnre, utd 
i,;i»iiiii.-, huiiii.lpd aud diaguHted, loBi no time in rcpniflng la his imw 
piu at Omihray, Uftving hia nfmy under the proviidoDal onmmiind 
fif Gcnor*) BoauhariuLia. Qanoi-nl Wurmarr haatvncd to place th« 
river Quelch bttwi'on lilm and the unemy, gUtd to have eeeapud llils 
•nr|iri»« Hi ta anuill a lanriHi^e. 

It ma tlie middle of June before the delemilnatlan waa arHved ftL 
Ml <■> Ilia aide loi whtnh (o ilirvet the operaiion« nf tlie alege or 
Mayenve. Toloiiel de Lahr waa charged witli lli« dlrcflltnn nfil, hut 
llicre waa much dlviaion iif upiniun a» tu tlie nioul ellgibi* )>\».n. li 
wu at jvnBih roolvod to advHiicv tlie attack uu Uii right tide, b»- 
twmn Webenau and Zahlbnch. An eudtavnur wa« therefore made 
ui njwii grouud on the Iftth nf June, at UOO rHon frum tha moat 
■dvHiiMd works, but the eudeiivunr abMluioly htited, and • new 
■IWiutii waeobtigrd to be made nu the IHth,at ISOU paeo*. Soma 
tidiouU WM tlii'own nn bo diainnt an altaok, and the name nt aMirt- 
jnroiW* waa miveii lo thia oautiniia advance, A forca of AQOO wurk- 
VMtl anon Mrriad Ihi* Ui a dev-elupmunt of nearly 1000 (lanni. and 
OB iha IDth vuine bmtlerifl* were alniBdy anned, and begun tn tnrm* 
fMJwtaBa on the town ; aitem|it* were nia>le to dialudge iha I^iwieh 
IMopawlileb bad fiirtlHed Ihmiiwlvrt in ilia village, but alar one or 
■wo taUurM, It waa tho SSih bufora Walienau wu carried, aud tin 



140 WAR OS THB QEKMiM FROKTIKB, [iJl. 

' Hie Brb— eili nf July heluK Geiienil KteUt arried Ibe 
uf tlie Zjililiiitcb anil level led it. Then the first psraUel *«a 
Diplete, and on the 8th the zi^iaga were uurieiJ nn to the 
. which was eaublUhed at ^00 paoea from the covered way. 
On tliB 16th Uie magaiine of the French blew up and a quaulily u{ 
fara^ was dcBtroyed, wliieh, as BuppUea hid uew heg 
■uverely felt by the besieged. On llie same night ai 
oarried by uwtuU, ouder the eommaud of Priues Louis of PniBJW, 
who ilisplayed an heroic courage in tbe altacit, and was sevsraly 
wounded. At lenRth twenty baitari™, mounted with upward* of 
""" -----B of artillery, were established against the place, and il 
seriimg questiun in the town whether the d^ence codM 
iger canCinued. Such was the distress for food, that ihe 
Govemar invited hia frienda to a dinner, of which the principal dSab 

" B beaa dutt enlonri ifti" cordaii di Moarii." The garrisDn mi^ 

X', still 1 8,000 atrotigi too mnuy tii feed ur to starve ; aecor^gW 
proposals were imtde far a eurreuder, whieh were accepted on the 8bid. 
Gretit exertiiins had, however, been made for the deliverance of 
Mayence, which woa in fact ho near at hand, that a cry of indignatiaa 
•rase thmngh FranCH nn hearing of the capitulaCiun. Tlie lepi' 
lican [jenerals were accused of having receiTcd Prunuan money, a 
Governor, Anbert-DubayeC, was forthwith onnducted by gtai- 
les to Paris, and the engineer, Uoyr^, arrested at Sarre. Si " 
liB and several towna refused to receive the garrison, who « 
rehed off in all hiistfl to La Vendde, where, according t<> th.- M 
lurrender, they were avMlahletobe employed. Althiiu;^h the Coo- 
ition liad urged upon their generals the value Ihej set upon tb* 
serration oF so important a bulwark as Mnyence, and had anei 
d at Ihe orunmencement of June a force of 60,000 men, nod 
Beaubarnais, and 30/)00 under Honchard, yet, from one cauH 
delay or another, il was the 13th of July before these troops m 
1 to the Queich on the one side, or lo ZweibrQckeu on t 
The Duke of Brunewick was uneasy as to the prospeec «f 



affiiii'B; he had placed tbe corps of Prince Hoiieulohe slronitly is- 

' ■ ■ ■" ■ ■ ■- •■ - • • i deuchud ZiiolV 

■my also aeoopM 



t RaiuHtein and Landsthuhl, and had delachvd 3 



seriaiitem, TripsUdt, and EJickhofen, thus crmneeting bin: 

the AusttHan euiiliagent of Wurmser, who was at Gennesi . 

watching Lsudaii. The Duke by these means eifectunlly guardid 

the two (treat posses over the Visges, that led to MayvnM hf 

Lautreck and Tuuchheim; and with his head-quarters at EdMt* 

hofen, with a reeerre, aiisiously awuled Ihe moveinenis of tlw 

enemy, and the progress of the siege. On Ihe I8lh the Fnai' 

"ire in motion, nud on the I9(h had broken up on both aidsa 

B nvmntshui, advancing both from tile camp at Plrroae*M,H 

im Landau on Musohbach. The same day (he Uuk* wilhdn* 

Dbenhihe's corps furUier back towards Ihe Lauter, upon the attyUM ~ 

of Honchard across the Ulies. On Die 20tli the post at Liemu wi 

Mtadced, but gallantly defended by Colonel Sanitx. On the 32nd 

ri^t advance of the French drove the Prussiaiis back to Naostadl, 



:>.j o\j najBijusiiku, «jjc- cunjiu ^aif VAijJ!ini;iJs;nj?ijSB. x*MJL 

some fighting at Burweiler and the chapel of Weyer, and the left 
r Houchard gained the banks of the Giau near Cassel, whence he 
ktened a descent on the valley of the Nape by way of Lautreck, 
I the news reached both ai*mies of the capitulation of Mayence; 
accordingly rested on their arms for a day or two; when on the 

Wurmser thinking to cut off the enemy in their retreat ad- 
ed along the valley, but in a few days the French army fell 

to their old positions. Beauhariiais paid with his head fur this 
)ry and fruitless endeavour to save the garrison of Mayence. 

18. Surrender of Conde and Valenciennes. 

ter the affair at Famars, measures were taken to maintain the 
:ade of Condd, and at the same time to undertake the siege of 
nciennes. With this view a corps of 30,000 men was advanced 
itch the enemy from the side of iSuuchain and Douay. General 
iir with twelve battalions faced towards Quesnoy and Barry, 
) the Prussians resumed their ground about Orchies, and the 
30 of Orange with the Dutch took post at Toumay. The Duke 
irtemberg maintained the blockade of Cond^ with eleven bat- 
is, and to the Duke of York was entrusted the siege of Valen- 
les; he placed his head-quarters at Estreu, havinc; his own corps 
itish and Hanoverians to his left hand, and to his right thirteen 
riaii battalions with twelve squadrons under General Ferrari. A 
-train of 180 pieces of artillery under the Generals KoUo wrath 
Jnterberger had already arrived from Vienna; and the United 
inces furnished on requisition 107 more, with ample ammunition, 
roundsfor the cannon and BOOshot and shellfbr the mortars. Va- 
3nnes was gariisoned with 10,000 men under General Ferrand, a 
an of seventy-two years of age ; and Briest and Cochon remained 
) besieged place as commissaries of the Convention. The inhabit* 
)f the city were organized for internal police,and with the national 
1 assisted in the defences. The town is seated on the Scheldt^ 
1 flows through it in several branches, adding much to the 
gth of the defences by means of wet ditches and inundations. 
»de selected for the attack rested its right on the upper stream, 
ing the two high roads to Mons and Maubeuge, and having its left 
e Fauxbourg de Marlis, to which point the inundations from the 
' river and the Ronelle can be directed. The fauxbourg itself 
lefended by a division under General Beauregard, who threw up 
intrenchnients for the protection of his men, and answered 
\y to the summons addressed to him on the 2Gth of Mav, that 
>uld defend them ; but, after five hours* sharp fighting, his in- 
hments were knocked to pieces, and he could scarcely get away 
'tillery, in his haste to reti*eat into the city. The battering guns 
forthwith brought forward, with the intention of opening tire on 
orks during the day, and making a bombardment of red-hot 
during the night, thus fatiguing both the troops and the in- 
Etnts within the town, who were known to be without casemates, 
ong hornwork, called ** of Mons," was to be the point assailed, 
n the night of the 13th — 14th of June, the first parallel was 



Ii2 SDBRENDSK OF CONDB AJfD TALEHCIEMBES. [AJI. 



opmed at aHO tuieeti from tlie salient nF the demiluiie of this ool- 
work. The phire was tummuneii OD the I4lh, uui FerriLnd relnnied 
for yi reply u copy of the proces-verbal of (he unth ulwu to 
derend it,which had beea publicly taken a few days previoualy in thff 
grand plnw ul the city. On ihs 15th the first panllel waa com- 
pleted with fifteen baCteriea; on the 17Ch a Eortie was madosgniuat 
the treochea, but sucli a fire of all arms was directed upon ttw 
aseaitaots, that they reticated with all lioate to Ibe place, but the 
FVfuch papers at Paria magniEied the allack into a great viclntj. 
The Duke commanded the battenea to open on the 18th, and the Rni 
aoon Bilencad that of the beaieged, sod became in a abort time so hot 
aod rdentless, t!ist the iaiiabitants rose a^asC the cummissarwsi 
and nearly pulled Corhon tu pieces. The suldiei's of the ganiaaB 
ven obliged to act ngainst the inhabitants in defenoe of theaa mmt 
but with greaC tact gave up to the UiwiiBtnea erery place uf Bhelterw 
•CTuritj, whilst they made their tivouoc in Ibo moBt expn»d place*. 
This generous conduct establiatied confidence and order, and ont- 
came all further dissent. 

The Mtoond parallel Gomnieiiced on the 19ih, and wns fbllyaraisd 
on the 26th, on which day and for fonr days snbaequently such a St* 
was mainl&ined from two in the nioming till ten at night, that wbmi 
at leuKth it ceased for a time, the a9ii)ihted inhabitanU came ont tnta 
their alielters to breuthe a moment's ftvedom, but in a slmrt ttim itw 
baturies were reopened, and the poor peiiple were driven back jn ibi 
utmost trepidation. The city, rioli and flouriebing at the cnmmeiMo- 
ment ol the siege, was alrratdy Badly rained and djamanlled by tha 
bombardiuent. Fires broke out repeatedly, and aa Boon as ttwr 
were observed by the beaiegera, the firing was wholly directed afaa 
those quarters of the city. t>> prevent their extinelion. The gcMU 
church of St. Nicholas was burned ; the araenal was consumed ; lu 
one could avert the destruction for fenr of theu? lives. The inhahit- 
anls were again on the verge of revolt, and implored Ferrand tn 
sniTender, hut he gave them linpes of relief &om the army of tin 
IJorth, General Custins having now arHved to take the cnDt> 
nutnd; and a poor fellow wlm was now knocked on tlie htad bj • 
gnnado died SKclaimiug, " All Ciutiiie ! qunnd Tieudraa U noM 

Ou the aikh the thii-d parallel wna established by the flying »f, 
and armed by the 7th of July ; and now it became nuivs-^ny ui uh> 
caution in the explosion by counter mmee of Ilmi |< 
rampart that wna mined. The besiegers were iiu- 
131h by newB of the surrender of Cond^. and on It. 
surrender of Mayence. Thus perBoveringly conlinuiti^ 

it was deiermined to assanlt the covered way on tin' J 

attooks of VOO men each were prepiuvd f'lr tlii 

night; the first, aonsisting of Britisli and llanov< 

Abererombie) was directed against tho left re-entahu^ ousta «( 

the hornwiirk; the second culumni cnnBistiug of AustruuH^i 

mandtd by Lieut. General Erbach, advanced agaiuat the — 
■nd the third via of impetialiat* under Qcnerol Wi ' ' 



I^u 



1798.] THE AXLl&S ADTAITCE OK CAMBllAY. 143 



idy int 
. Whil 



•Mailed Ihe Lanetteda St.Sauve,on thcsideof theriver. TLeaigriul 

tile Bssault wns the exptcHion of three glohcs of compression ; ilie 

t ind Be«and exploded with Ibe ruin of the ulient angle of tbe 

Mvered way, when two bodies of che defenders were blown into tlie 

niJFt the Ihird blew in the snlienC angle of the ravelin. The first and 

' columns TDnlied, nt this signni, out of the sap, which had ad- 

to witliln a. smnll dislaoce from the crest of the glacia, and 
Wrived together at the lutliaadea. The explnaiiins hod so cleared 
•my tlia defenders, that the;- got in without diffionlty, lint oame 
m>ol> a fresh stream of the enemy iu the covered way, who after a 
contest abandoued the homwork and all the outworks. Tim 
were exposed to a murderous fire, and even to the 
some mines on lllo gloois, but they threw themselves 
the ravelin, ntld druvB tbe enemy alraoat to the gute ot 
hile these asnulls were in pi'ogress Geiiural Kray assaulted 

Fsdonbu ot St. Koch and Noirmuttun, but after succeeding in 

'filk h* eontented himself with spiking the guna snd retirin)[ with 
llnlo loss. The Duke nuw again siinimnned the pbce, and Ferraud 
^MOMided a dslay of tweoty-fnar btnirs (ve cgnsideration, whrch was 
muted him. The commissaries would have reiiuired a longer 
abnoa, hut the inhabitants wouI<l hear of no delay, and at length a 
wnlatiOD was si-tit out to the Duke to surrender, aod his Royat 
UgbaeHi addresiing tbem said, " Messieurs, il est bleu tai'il, et je ne 
>?railla>« pw vouB fcouter k preseut." However, after samediBCUBeiun, 
'file n^ntulntioa was signed on tlie SStii, when, after a siege of forty- 
days 7000 men marched out with the hououra of war, on an 
mueo not to serve against the allied armies. Having laid down 
r amis on tlie glacis, this BtmiiK reinforcement was immediately 
cbed off like the garrisons that liad cHpitnlaIrd to La VendA and 
Won, aa it was deemed within the terms that they might take 
■ against thslr own cnnntrymen. Valeuoiennes had suiTered 
My i 84,U0O sliot and 08,000 shell had been vomited upon it fur 
F-lhtee days. A gn?at ]«rt of the fortiflcations, as welt as large 
;Mrtff« of llie town, wore in ruijis ; 6S0O itf the defenders periehed, 
n4 tb« bsaiegcrs lost also considerably. It has been i^ucstinned with 
riot propiiety the Austriiui flag was raised over the captured oita- 
' KValwolennoB and Condtf; it was an impolitio proceeding, as 
MMiug a ilenre of cvnijuest, and was not sabulaled lo reconcile 
AancL lo further iiegotiatiou. U is known tq have had a vety 
ijnclaiia alTaot in La Vendue. 

.IB. Thk AI.T.lra*nvJl^cl^ on CiHeniT. 
arriving at the aBin]) of Ciusar. found his army in 
gfMtant confasiou, and only half clntlied ; diviuons of diecipliucd 
wliioli had been sent off to La Vendee bad been lepbced by 
iriwiee; and although lus whid« force amuuDted to 40,000 men, 
bttnd that tlie beat use he cuuld nuike -of the moment was to 
c^ine hia recruiu to the first piim-iplea of action, rather than to 
;a tha Seld to make an attempt for the relief of Ihe place. His 
however, thought differently : as ouou as the fall of 



144 TUX t.LUSe AUTAKCa 0T> CAUBRAT. {k.». 

Condi WW made konwn nt Pari*, ha 

•nd mminittrd tn priaim, mid when ui 

dMinoi liftd arriroil, lis wru |iut upon liis trial Mid guillolined Ml 

th* 9Bih of AuipiH. 

Aft*r tbo eit|'nira iifConild, VklvturininMi, itiiil Mftvimco,)! mi^i 
In*t bMn t1imi)tlii lliBi ■ jruid Iwm af ni«ntimn nu MUthll>tM<4 
tlirlha advkuni of tli« allied annimt upon raria; liiit in UitiHt timai 
tha >;mt«in of military i>lrnt«m' wM dilTi-nint IW>ni wlwt it fa 
now ; It wM thouftht uiuafa tu Intvt any furtifivd pliun ii{kiii iIm 
oommunieiiiuiu of an trray, and Mrtajiily many very Iniporom 
IbrlraaMramaincd itlll in the poBwaaen iif ih> MMmy, IIowevM',11 
!■ laM that twiwiivti Lille and BUo then wen now not Irw thto 
fltD.OOO Hildiera of the «><nredoral« farcm, an that by uiurlng then 
(brward in two cnTamiia, oiia from ValeoclcnnM hy way oF Sobumu*, 
and Iho Olhrr fmin Maietm by way of Rheima, ll wimUl unly haiw 
(•qotrad fifteen iloya in liave bmught ■ tnnt fir ^nwti-r than aaj 
that oOiTld be iippMed lo it uudi>r thi> wnlli uf Parii. Murwortr tba 
Knv«rnnivDt was h*ld in ni> iwnpecl and diBimiiM] ; tlia tnuip* w«iw 
■vary wli«n> uirdiwiplinKd and dJMMnrand, amtterwd ami wilh m 
MOimander of name or inftaeiieo lu reimite and Ivad them. It wowM 
■pMr to doubt the diii|ii»U[un of the Duke of Coburg and Iht 
Sot BrttMwiek la nake fbr the enpiul, for the ftinnerput Mr^ 

oiion in the right dlreeiion, when ho aet fotwart !• oy 

« ngainit (he French army uppoud to him, which m*. 
w withdrawal of (.hintiiie, waa under iha cuminand of llnMnI 

. Jtc, and aiill ncciipied the famims camp of Cii'Mr bvhbit 

Ckmhray, on the range of hinglita baiwean SL Olio and Palllauoimr, 
where Iw had thrown up some alight inlrenobmrnit. 

Oa the SthufAuituiit the wliola allied army wm in mniimi, wid lfc« 
I>ak*i-tYorii-aG<>r|W,roiiaiaUnKof3«.«nn i>ini,<i>nrcb<-d ,>u Vilkn 
rn (^iH-hio, liavin)( GeiMral Dallin;; with the Htwinim bi'lwera lihn 
and tiu<'aiiL>y. On the fnllowins day he eiiMird ihe Siheldi. In At I 
eT«niii|;,(n llir hcighta oppuaite Maniorea, The day waa inlrnaelybat. I 
■o that luaiiy men died on ihernareh, and the IDih I1);1ji dntfioMS 
linave under Lieut. 'Colonel Chnrohlll took ihu rrnimfiii to the 
It Mairediin, lo water thHr honw*. While Ihua nnpluysd 
t.-Ci>luuiil eapisd aomo of the otemy'* c«va1ry, snil o ittiiiDl 
(for the aiipport of the IDlh, he Imilanlly ohargti^l ami dnite 
'- ' llh ureal Iciaa, killing and wuutidin|[ mntiy, and laking 
(wnomsen nod eixly man and hiinni, with the loaa liihimwlf of Ktilr 
IwB mvii wounded. Lieut.- Ci'l-uiisl CoUomlo uiariiUrHl -in tlis Jut 
with uuf- oi'luiuu of llie linjMria] army upon Nam ; and thF ■oeoitd. 
Wider Gairfait, cneampnl tli* nnie night ns the bank* of lb* 
SAddt, noar Thani St. Martin. Kilinidne, tun prudent m eompM- 
nuH hie hiree wlih lurh ■uiirriov nutnben, rcwiied tn withdraw m» 
once (Won hi* atioai poaiilan Mid take up one furthff liaeh. In 
order to mainialu hie cummuDlofiihina with llouay, ao ihal al liMak 
of day on Uia 8ih the Pron«h troopa were in loottnn. The DnlW 
of Ywk wu eariy un hfi marrb to turn ihe rapubllrana' rlftit, hw 
.... - nujn^ („ found the enemy dveamimli and ^ttUttag 



1^.] CHAS&CT£B 07 



UIinSTES OF FOANCE. 146 



DHBir piuhed uu in punuiC M Uuurlun with about 2000 

cunaititiug of ilia greys, blue*, Kniilskj ileus, three 

„ ragooii gimnlB, and fuur of light dragoona, out) cume 

I an with two bitl^onsof tlie pnemy wlio liad decunpeil from Tiiuiu 

I rkv^iue, on the sdvanoe of the Auali'iniu, and bad wandered 

' to bbv(|ui(in. They were instantly dHvon into tlio village, and must 

I ikftve been Ibrced to surrender, but that Killniaiue, informed of ihuir 

duigar, pmmplly oame np with suine light cavulry and guns, with 

I Vhieh he released his tinops and pursued his retreat. But the 

I oreoted by Ihe arrival of the British cavalry in pursuit, 

I imiaed a cry of nun) yui pfut in the retreating culumii, which tied 

I m disorder to the gatra uf Arras, wliither uo euetny fullowed them. 

Tbey thence proceeiled hi tlxir new camp at Gavai-elle, where Gene- 

nd Huuchard arrived on ihe ISth, to tato llie supreuie conimand 

of this nriny. CiBBor's camp was occupied hy an AuHlrian forces, 

wfao immediately sent in a summons to General Delaye, the G»- 

Tcmor of Cumbray. The Guverucir mudo this aniai-t reply: "Je 

■'al qu'una r^poiiw i vous faire, U^oifralj celle que JB ne aaia 

na« me rendre, mais que je sais bien me battre." 



ao. th« a 

The Duke of Coburghad now ' 



. . „.. . . ^thhimthe AuBtriandivisionsafClair- | 
;, Collorcdo, Liiien, Wenckheiro, and Erbaoh, numbering 50,000 { 
men. The Duke of Yorli had another 50.000, compoeed of BriUah, 
Dut«)l, and Hanoveriana. The enemy hud shown no disposUian to 
fight, evKD in Ctesar's camp, and must have had very little expectation 
of maintaining themselves either in Camhray or Buuchain, yet from I 
some nnaccountable cause, llie allien, having made a formal move- 
ment ae fir as Marquluti, iiuw held a council uf war, at whioli it | 
was determined tliat thr.v aliuuld form two armies, and that the { 
British force under the Duke of Yorli should act independently of i 
the AuBtriaoB ; a proposition very etrongly opposed, as it is said, by 1 
tbV Prince of Coburg. Instead, tlierefore, uf makiag any further 
■dvaltee into France, the lirilish brolte up from their camp and 
marched on the 14th of August on their backward route to Dan- I 
kirk, while 45,000 Imperialists aal down before Quesnoy: tor Cam- | 
bMy, after havinji; been ueedlesaly summoned, was immediately 
quitted unheeded, and even a disaster that befell Bouchain (where 
tba Hluices were brolien on the titli, time depriving it of the defences 
obtained through the power nf inundations) was taken no advantage 
of^ hut tile opportunity thus lost to the allies was immediately ren- 
dered available for tlie Fi'cnch, who put all the works into thoruugb 

21. Carnot War MiMSTEtt of Ftuncs— His Cbakacter. 
At the beginnUig of June the French Repubtic underwent a new 
phw^ which in its cuusequeacsB materially affected the progress 
BJid results of iliB war. On the lOlh Haa Gwonffist. towitMssai'SR. 'v^ 
d dissolved; and on the lOth o! \iiaMB^ ftro OsofBsAOTv dw™*^ 
lew onnatilution, by which thei whole ^oNiOt ** 'One **>■«>* '»'»■ 



148 Tttn I'RitfOs or oonmo takes QOtRXOV. [li.li. 



conaonti«(«t In tli« hnnda ot n fsw impiilnr Ivailani, sailed ifa) 
CammiHea ot Publio .Skfvty. At tho limil at t1l« 'niilitarjr daparl- 
mont wai pln<'«d Carnal, b mnii whom BXtraordlnftrj' uwnk imI 
reKiluto oharaetBr mntributcd morB tlinn nny othnr oirairaMMMH 
to the sreni chuiito that nnn look nlii» la tlio Rmdimt aud aiMaMi 
t>t the republican *rm<(ia. lie bad iMon brouiht up « tnlltUf; 
odbIucm, and hail hoan publicly erawnml aa th* moat MosoBful eom- 
petltar for an ilaffB nm Vaulian tii I7M. Hu had alwayi Iwan an 
arduiit ailmirur of iha wHtinn itt antliiiilty, 4nd had llvwd nuidi 
wllb lhi> hams* iif Plutaruli, by whinli lip ba<l bMiini* partianlarlj 
«u»iTi>iUTed of tba atokiil virtual ot FabricliiK, wli««« aimplielty M 
inaiiiianand Intejtrity ha dnilrBd Uxtmulatai by nnoh ■luillaa aa !»■■ 
ha baoamo tba moat nioiwra rapubljcnn nf Franoo, but with tho monJ 

fiurity that ho whhnl to obtain lia anoclatDd a aharaotar mid, hard, 
nflaxlble, and indiShrsnt to binad. Ho waa proMribcd hy bii 
eoantrymon on tlia ISih nf Frucl-ldur, but altliongb h« waa raotlM 
by Iha Hnl Conaul In 17110, tba eonlinuod dopartOM nf BnnapMla 
fmn hla charl>had rapubliirau prluoiiiln*, mhloli ha now wHmaaad, 
dligualad hliii. H* anujtlit and nhli^niHl hU diamlaainn, and aata- 
qniuitly ipiTa liiruiwir uii tu litarary ptirwilM uiiill tiiir iiiTadoa at 
KTHniia hy tlia allies, wIifu ha rccvivcd tt'iim Napolvmi the von- 
mand of Antwerp, whiuli be bold until thnt Empiimr'a Nbdimtkm. 
He oflVind tn asrvc, but wm not etnploycd during the hundred da]>*> 
33. TiiK PuincK oi> Cuuutui DWiKUUiiNn taum (lutanor. 
Tlie Auitrbin*, after the departure nf the OuIib of York, ioraatad 
Quannoy with rinlitoun bnllalLoua and ton aniindroni. I'^uunt d'Br> 
baoh and Wreiicbhsim elrared tho fort of Mnnnnle of tlip anany* 
diviiiona, while CnllnrBdo uratcheil tliair camp at Landre«, a»l 
■uolhw COTM d'uwtfe fnoeil t^anibray and noiirhala. Tba Dukanf 
Coburp eatabllahifd hia bead -qnar tarn al Unrmaraln. Genwal dalr- 
talt undertonk tbo aiega. The iranBliaa wer« npanad on lh« night 
of Iba aU-SUlli of AuRuat, aiid after Htieni daya ot ardiBW]! 
•lag* work, and a htwvy uanoaniile, it waa aumndnnid by Uwovml 
Onulra ou tbo 1 1 til iif (September, and 4000 nira bwnnie pn'aiiiHm. 
At the very inonient of aurreniler, however, an endeavour wbh behif 
made to ntiio the liEioi but It wna two daya too lato. On the llib 
Goneral* litter from Xandreoy, lupported by an advance? i>f 10,0011 
man on tlio aide of Mautieiige, innrvhcd towarda iba torvai of Uw- 
mala, and Iha nrrlann of Manbanip) under Qanoral Cioye adTwieed 
ajptlnat Colloradn on Iha wmo nl||hl, but uwiuo to dalaya It wm dkf- 
biwak beftnv llllwr raarhed Kvntalnv, whore, lipiDranl ot ilia (all at 
(Junaoy, ha at unci* inula ao attack upon the Auatrian*, wbinh itw^ 
found Utile dilffaulty iu rapullinii, tliaugh th* Tillace «>• >"' ■'•< <>"• 
and taktn and retaken Mveral tiMina, but at length nu .. 
Aaitriaiw. Tlia narrlaon of 0>nibray,nuniWrintt dOm' 
advanoed al llie rama tlma agninat the PrlnM of I < 
Vlllif re en C»uehie. Here, on th« plaina ot Avvanm {•■ 
a brilliant oavalrv charRo lad on by General Bellcgai 
tha ragimonl of Kinaky, anpported on the right by the bi 



1798.] AFFAIB AT LI170SLL18. 147 

tlie £inperor, and on the left by two squadrons of Nassau, broke 
and destroyed a square of French infantry, of which 1500 were 
killed, and as many taken prisoners. 

23. The Dukb of York lays Sieob to Dunkirk^Affair at 

LlMCBLLBS. 

The Duke of York had commenced his march on the 10th of 
August, in two columns, through Marchiennes and Tourcoin, and 
these were proceeding very leisurely to Menin on the 1 8th, when to 
their surprise a violent cannonade was heard in the direction of 
Linoellee. The Prince of Orange, who was stationed here with his 
oorps, had been annoyed by the close position of the enemy, and 
determined to take advantage of the opportunity of the Duke's 
paseing army to attack the Fi*euch that morninff. He had obtained 
possession of the post without much Ions, but about midday the re- 
publicans to the number of 6000 or 7000 returned to the attack, and 
drove out the two Dutch battalions that defended Lincelles and took 
from them four pieces of artillery. Major-General Lake was accord- 
ingly directed with three battalions of British guards to retake the 
village. The French, never idlers in matters of war, immediately 
intrenched themselves; but the British, indifferent at such an 
advantage to an enemy, at once dashed at them. The republicans, 
accustomed to the cold, lifeless attacks of their opponents, were 
amazed at the spirit and intrepidity of the British cheering charge, 
which carried the redoubt at the point of the bayonet in a second, 
notwithstanding a most terrible Are of grape and small arms. The 
French, 4000 or 6000 strong, re-formed buhiiid the village, aiid kept 
up a smart fire on Lake's division, but did not ognin come forward ; 
the British accordingly attacked them a second time, with the like 
impetuosity, when they immediately gave way, leaving behind them 
twelve pieces of artillery ; but the British lost Lieut-Colonel Bosville 
commanding the CJoldstream guards, as it was said, in consequence 
of his extraordinary height ; ne was six feet four inches high, and 
was struck in the forehead. The Dutch, when they retreated from 
the place, had retired by a different road from that by which the 
British advanced, and were therefore ignorant of tlie affair of the 
guards, but thev were thoroughly ashamed of their conduct when 
they afterwards heard the result. The Prince of Waldeck, who com- 
manded at Menin, came generously forward to the guards as they 
passed through Menin the next day, and exclaimed, "Your glory 
IS our shame." An historian of tho time speaks of this affair '* ns 
the most brilliant exploit which happened in the course of the 
campaign," and of "the judgment, decision, and intrepidity" of tlio 
commander, afterwards so distinguished. 

On the 20th of August the Duke divided his army into two separato 
corps d'armtfe, of which the one under Marshal Freytag was to cover 
the siege of Dunkirk, with eighteen battalions and thirty-eight 
sanadrons, which took post between Poperinghe and RouxbrUgghe. 
Tne other oorps intended for the works of the siege passed through 
Yprea to Fornes ; it consisted of twenty-eight battalions and nineteen 

l2 



148 Arritn at LixciLLRa. [aj>. 

•qiudrom. IminfiiM |intiiniliui>ii hul bMn mads for iba Mtaek of 
a town which had Ihiik liei^n nn cibjvat nf n»i4t><uo iMluiwr U Gralt 
Driuin ■ rlvTon ne* batlnl)»t» had hani ninliarliM In Uw IliMnM, 
lo ttiutoret the benleslnj; ariny, logvlhur with « ■ln>n|t flotilla lo 
batur trim tho aldo of tl.o wn, anil all tho ippnrtMiaiiiM* nr a moM 
oompletc i>lii)(e- train. But althou|[li ths tfuke waa nut quite a* <)ulell 
In hlimaivh aa ha mlKbt haro Iiumi, h* aiiiicipalcd tli« arrival at 
thnM aiipaelal aiutillarlal, (nr nnl a vamcl appeared frotn the BM- 
irard ovm (n pruiMt ilia ai-mr frnm tha haraauns eannaiiad- --' 
«ight gun-bnata, oiimmandml by Captain Oulaipler, nrhifh't 
nandfld tha ai>proaoh along tha ahorn. HlaRufalEiigbnoiathanAiM^ 
■agn- l« advanea ajcalnat the ennriy, dstennlDad on tha S3nd la 
altaok the (lamp at Cvvolde, altoatwj bitwean (ha barliiiur and Uw 
Mtlt lake, lailjcid Long Mom, that lay on tha ahora road from Fnnm 
to Dunkirk- Oeneral Alrinii wlih tho Auatrian it ' '' 



A two o'l^bwk, and iha rat of the army at Ihroo, bm d 

Inng datonr required for Alviniil'a Una of march aflWilad thns 0» 
lb* (namy Ingat awayinlfl tha town land on thamnmiatiottbeSM 
tha nmp wa* found daaerted, lint Port Loula wm atorinad by ih* 
AuHriana, and the Diika aenuiiled tho ground ho doiircd Ibr the lii^ph 
ijia Royal Highnnw at rmae aammoned the plane, which WH 

defended by Oimiral O'Mara, wlm had (irejiartd Bir - -" 

raaiatanre, by opening the dikes and iniinditing the cou 
However, noUiing had yet arrlred from England ; and whateould tlH* 
retarded tho hnrnbardins flotilla, even if the reat of the aqiii] 
waa delayed, waa aluigeiripr n uiyttrry. Tho besiejtam wen ti 
ingly drfven to use luoh mcnna ae ihoy had at hand, and mnai 
batlerica were marked oat. On the S4tri the ontpoaM were dri*ai 
further in. and the gardona about KMendaal cleared of the eneny. 
The aaaailaiita adranced thrDugh deep dilchea full of watcsr, and 
alrong double hedge*, and forued back ^* gamaon into the lownj 
at the tama moment die garriaun made a very strong aartio, and lfa> 
Dnko of York obaarvlng tlilR, brought up the whole of hi* f^reo, wbo 
met tha enemy on the aldna of the Uunea, when ihuy tuund tiima- 
mIvs* •Xp««*if tu a muriloroua fire, aa woll fVom the niii|iaTts Md 
truups in front, a* from the gun-b<iatH at wag bat tha Briltrii and 
Heaatan tmope ailvanued In the teeth of grape and maaki<ti7. and 
drove the Frniob back to tho very crnt of tho glacia, In thia aBitii 



d' Alton, an nffloor mneh eatoemed in tha Anatrjan amy, 

and Lteut^Colonal Eld, of the guard*, wore killed. The Duk«. after 

thia, threw up llnea of vallatinn to restrain any further sortjoa on thia 

ddo, and a couple of batterie* were aim thmwo up, to cheek Iba an. 

proaeh of tho gun-lmaM rmni tho aide of Ilia ■■ Kada ;" ^rwytag at Ins 

■ama time kept In awe all tlie aiipmaehiM fn>m hie side. The atage, 

whiah began with numii euoonM, niiim wore a yeiy duhloua a|i»aarai>na, 

and two weeki were ormeiimed, during whinb but very iwdy upara- 

lione war* ouried forward ; nevarlheleas on the S7th, a portioa uf 

/ f A* long'ttpaeted tteot fnira Englntid oame n^ **'■ "'^ '*"' ^' 

f ^arlmf aonia nrttflery nn<l ainmaiiUWn Inr iWWtevLc.ut&MB'&bi «vn > 

Admiral Maebrlde had a. oonttruuco wVih ttwi V>viU\ A» v«i™ «»1 



1703.] BATTLE OF il ONI) SC HOOTS. 119 

the Hits of the tint pariil]<;t was ii\ed nt 26« toIwB fmai the body o( 
tha placp, but the Hege<^na could not be briiU^Lt up to the camp 
till the and or 3rd of Sepiember. Thu town iuelf had beea oiiJy 
paniallj iovrnteil, the commuiiieatiouH un thu side of Bi^rquea beine 
stiU open, by which supplies >nd reiofuroeincnte cuQliQunllj' arrived 
n tha town, sad sorties bentme of dBitj> Dceurreuca. 

3i. BxTTLB or HONDSCKOOTE. 

While time wss tliua lavished bofore the trenohea of Dankirli, 
General Houchard, who hsd been sent to succeed General Kilmame 
in the command of the army of tha North, was takias active oiea- 
auns to succiiur the place. The celebnted Coraot was in the French 
Okiapigiving his energies and his patriotism tu this snay, as a eom- 
iniuary of the Coiiveutir>n, ami General Jourdnia was diKpalchod 
from the camp at Cassel witli 10,000 men tu interropt the boHiegem ; 
while Oetieral Souhaiii, with the young Huche aa adjutant-Keneral, 
was entrualed with the cominand of the garriann instead of O'Mitra, 
who was nwpecled of an understanding with the British. 

On the dth of September, as Colonel MoncrielT, the British en- 
gineer, was arming the batleriea, an alarm was giveu o( a sortie 
fimn the town at midd^ ; tbe guard of the IrencheB succeeded in 
driving hack the asBUlanta, but ibe alarm of tliese sorties so mnch 
inereased, that the covering army of Freylag could not receive tlie 
reinforcement he nuw required, which was, in truth, the object of 
them. The Marslial's force occupied the villave of Hundschooce 
■ad the heights of Bambecke, overhanging the Yscr, which iluikBd 
liU left wing ; bis right rested on the Long Moere. Un tbe 6lh, 
'jKt break of day, the French army, reinforced by the greater 

* of tlie troops from the camps at Gavorelle and Madelsiiie, 

X up from Csssel, and at oightfall attacked, in unison with tbe 

garrison, both the besieging eorpa and the covering army of Freytsg, 

General Hedouville, wilb an advanced guard of about 10,000 men, 

nutrched rapidly by Houtkercbe on RouKbrligghe, while a divisiuu 

aader Jonrdtun moved on the left of this column to Herseele, and 

another on its right tn Puperinghe ; another column under Laiidrin 

moved further ou the left to Wormliout, bi keep iu olieck Wal- 

moden, who occupied tbe allied right, behind the Yser. Jourdain 

and Hedouville having carried lleraeele, crossed the Yser at Ruux- 

brOgghe, and two battalions of Hanoverians driven out of Poperinehe 

retreated to VUemcrtinghe,witli llie Austrian division at Reiiingelst. 

Sending a strong division in pursuit of these, Jonrdaiu advanced to 

Bambecke ; other troops crossed the rivulet at Cnutocte. Freytag 

at tbe same time heard that Wolmoden was pressed at Wilder, 

^b and of the oeoupation of Rouxbi'llKghe, and fearing for Wnlmoden's 

^Lxeti«at on Hondschuute, he sent forward a corps to Rexpiiede, 

^H^t they found Jourdain already there ; General Fuckenhansen 

^KHTenheleas persevered, when suddenly they were enveloped by 

^r* body of French cavalry, who wroing i^ltitW^ n^i iXsati, 'vjxf*. *■ 

T J*«r»Aa/ Fee/tag and Prince Adolphaa (.aJlet»toi»livi'«.e.'.A ^^'s^- 

^ bridge) priaoaera; happily CoIoueI JiljUua Vi'Oa 'iltia ia.»iijst«c» 



150 BATTLE OF H0SD8CH0OTK. [l.ll. 



guard camo up, attacked the Frencti, and rewueil lliv Princr, irtio 
wu alio BliEhlly wounded. Nie'i' wnn nov anming on, wbrn Wil- 
modea, lieanne of tlie ui'sst of Ins Baperior, detcmiinvd on an effort Id 
leoDver tlie E^eld-Mnrtlial, mlliod iho Iroops and cams down npo* 
the French in Rexpiiedo, and by dint of great exertion* he dmre aW 
the repnblieanf, ruid Houchard, fearTal nf a night Donfltci, *ilhdm 
to Bambecke. Frcj/lag, again &t IHierty, immediatalj' ordircda rs- 
treat of all hia force, anil CKtablished himoeir in lUe pnoition at Hond- 
Bchoole. The garnsoa of Daiiliirk made an allMk nil Uie rif^wJM 
of the Dnke of York's ami]' the oanie afterDmn. recmving nM 
assistance from tbeir gun-bi>ats in tha nuuhi wliieh anno^ ik* 
troops *ery nnich, but before sunset the French wpr« driven bosk. 
The coiileat did not lost abiire threa hours, but the l4ih r 
Buffered 
received 

sent Landrin's divUion lo reinforce the partison of bunkirb. Tb* 
Duke of York euntinued thu siege, guarding wet) hit lines of elr> 
aiimvallatioD, which defended hitn from every advance of Itie imvaj ; 
the pusition at UoRdHcliuiito ui,s also intrsDchnl and ^anltd bj 
fresh earthworks, and Ueiicral Hoochai-d appeared verv irrasahil* 
OS to his further endesvnura to nise the siege of Dunkirk : Imt bis 
Btalf rifiioors nnd the civil comnLissorles urged him >n much to auks 
another attack, that even against his own incUnatioii be pi«|i««d 

On the morning of iho 8ih the whole Fren«h fbrw advanood to a 
general attack against ihe allies in poailion at UoiidBchD''te. GviKnl 
Hedouville commanded the right attack, aud OencMl Jonnlua that 
of the centre, while Colonel Leolerc was directed lu mow frum 
Berques on the left, to endeavour to get between the rnKiiiy's flank 
and the Long Moere ; hero be enooantered the r*ginieiil of llrentstw 
and the HeiwianB. Tfho onljr retn^ted before bini after some ihan 
fighting; General Cockenliausen. iu command of them was kOM, 
Vandamme, leading tlie advanced guard under Jonrdain, ad nitaeil i> 
the centre tn the allack of Huudschoote, and a heavj' support was Ml> 
peoted to aid him from both flanks. They sueoeeded afler conaideti^ 
onpoaitiou in esttbtishing themselves on the slope in frunt uf ska 
village, Olid at the same instant Leclsrc arrived with wfaol «m 
called the gendarmerie i pied de Pnris, a corpa conipoaed of llM 
gamins de Piiris — dare-devil fellows, without raiieh diselpliM «r 
contnil, but who stopped at nothing, and now carried the intnad>> 
menis in spite of all oppoBition. i>ejt«g baving bven iurat>a«itU*J 
by bis wound, Walmoden was in cominaud, ind now ordend » 
retreat across the canal of Loo, taking up a new podlion n irifti^ 
ru cover the besieging army; his righlat Bubmmp, and hi* 1(A«B 
the canal in fmrit of Stcenkerehe. But while these tbittp vera ta 
progress, tht- Du ko of York was alUckcd by (ho mrriaon faMngllu 
oned by Lnndrin'srelnforcempDl] at Rosendaal, whste HodIi* M dM 
regincnuof Slarray and OcJordiswith great ^llanlr;. Althnuj^ 



wm 



1798.] BATTLE 07 HOmDSOUOOTE. 151 

moden's army, yet, now finding the enemy advancing upon him in 
greater force, and hearing from the covering army of their retreat, 
the Duke, at four in the afternoon, ordered all the tents and 
baggage to be sent off to Fumes, and at night called a council of 
war, who determined that the rear being now compromised, the 
siege must be raised without a thought for the heavy siege-guns, 
which were to be left behind in the works ; accordingly the army 
moved off in the night of the 8th — 9th of September, and reached 
their former camp at Fumes by ten o'clock. Two battalions of 
British guards under General Lake were immediately sent off to 
retnfoi*ce Walmoden, who was posted near Dixmude, and to General 
Abercrombie was entrusted the defence of i^umes, the whole army 
being again reunited under the Duke of York. The French di- 
reeted their march on Ypres, which they bombarded without much 
serious effect for thirtv-six hours. Baron de Salis replying with spirit 
and keeping his small garrison on the alert ; he even made a sortie 
with the regiment of Stuart and three guns, with some hussars, who 
came upon the republicans as they withdrew from the place and made 
^wo officers and some men prisoners. Finding no opportunity of 
making head against the Duke of York, Houchai'd turned rapidly back 
to attack the Prince of Orange with the Dutch army, who by these 
proceedings had become altogether isolated at Menin. On the 12th 
General Hedouville attacked the Prince of Hesse at Wervicke,when, 
after a sharp contest, in which the Prince was wounded, the French 
gained the posts of Lincelles, Roncq, and Halluin ; at the same time 
a division from the garrison of Lille fell upon the Prince of Orange, 
with the main body, who, however, stood his ground, and even sent 
two battalions under Prince Frederick to retake Wervicke, which he 
succeeded in doing ; but on the following day Hedouville, advancing 
from Commtnes, threw himself with such force on the Prince of 
Orange's line of retreat on Ypres, that notwithstanding the arrival 
of General Kray with a corps of Austrians to his aid, he was obliged 
to withdi*aw, and Prince Frederick was wounded in the contest. 
On the 13th General Bern with three columns got possession of 
Menin, and drove the brigade of Wartensleben out of that town, 
who then retired on Morseele. The Dutch were in fact, on this 
occasion, contending by brigades against a whole army, and escaped 
with some loss to a position behind the Heule, extending fi*om 
Gnirtray to Ypres. 

The loss to the French in killed and wounded in all these affairs 
was very considerable, and quite equal to that of the allies. At 
Hondsehoote there were some 3000 killed, wounded, and taken on 
either hand ; and in these latter affairs the Dutch lost 2000 or 
3000, with forty pieces of cannon. The British lost also thirty-two 
deee guns, but not many men, as thev were not greatly engaged, 
and they saved their military chest, with their stores and baggage. 
But the Duke of York wrote to his government to complain in the 
most indignant terms of the neglect in the departments of the Ad- 
miralty and Ordnance, by which his army had been jeopardied, 
and tome high dismissals occurred in consequence of his represen- 



tatioDB ; tar it nonid appear tliat the expei-teil !ihiprn«it never qu 
ted the Briliah sboreB. The DukE haiing again asserabled I 
forces, ad'aneed some hattnlinna nndor Count d'Krbacli, preceded 
Harconrl'B brigade of cavalry, towards Menin, wlio arrived on t 
19th, too late to aasist the I^nce of Orange in an attack mads 
him, but opportnnety, juBI as Honcfaard was ua tht point of altsckl 
Beaulien, nenr BiBsej^hem. The Austrian General, on reeaitiog tl 
Teinfiircement. sent forward a corps of cavaky against the left fta 
oFhis Bdversaries, and drnve them acmss the I<yB,Ba that tha MM 
fled in great alarm and leK guns and baggage behind them, I 
got to Menin, Aoslrisns and French together ; fnr just as D'Erbad 
column arrired at the gate of Canibra; «ith foar battalions and i 
squadrons, Beaulien's troops, flashed with Tictory, got to the gate 
Tbonrout, and pushed the flpng enemy through the town : I 
csvalry nofvr got in amongst them, cut many hundreds to inmcb, t( 
many |iriBoners, and' it was the momentary firmness of a reargui 
that enabled the French at length to reach the camp at Madelaij 
near Lille, in safety. The Duke of York advanced the following d 
throngh Menin to Cysmng, but the Prince of Cohurg recall 
Beauliea to Oavaj, ordering the Dutch to come to him alau ; ll 
leaving the Duke of York's corps to defend Fluidera altme. I 
Royal Highness placed his head-ciuarterB at Toumay. 

25. The scccessful Gesek. 



We know that Camot waa present and took part in these alTu 
and it is to he presumed that it was on his report to the Direct! 
that HouchtLrd, notwitlistauding his suoceas, was arrested and ■ 
tD Paris. On the SSth tie was brought before the Convention, ■ 
it will be useful to rccito tha adrlrees made to him by the depi 
Barrere on the occnsion, becaose it enunciates the principle^ n 
first put forward (as it is diouglit by the vigoroos genius uf I 
war minister), which, as it was followed by the Fnneh atta 
and repudiated by the allies, will seem M explain the diSitn 
cesnllB which from this period rollowed the contending forces. " T 
great principle of war," said Barrere to the GEneral, "establiali 
by Frederick and every great leader, has been to niius foreea ■ 
not to scatter strength ; yuu, on the contmry, hare made war w: 
forsea scattered and divided, which eould be beat in detail by boi 
opposed to superior nnmhcra. Wa have seen this evil — wo ha 
wntton to our genersts only to move in maBses." " lis ne font | 
fait — vons avex en des revera." Houchard accordingly, althoa 
successful at HoadBchaote.bnving allowed himself to be defeued 
the subsequent operations against Besulien, was condemnad a 
guillotined on November the loth. The constant sacrificw of t 
geoeials in command bad nut encooraged men tn aspin M 
ilangerous an elevation, but it was almost as hsntnloas hi thi 
days to decline an honour as to accept it. Geaeral Jourda 
wlw bad been but a chef de bataillon at the cHnmencemmt 
Mmfaign. was now selected to replace lloiicliaiil. and by t 
' — s of CaniDt sin fortified camps were traced and ooeo^ 



I 1708.] THE tMPBBt&LISTS BESIEaE U&DBEDOG. 163 

offici-rcil. Biid prepared for active nervice. Tliew six camps ware 
cwcupicd by ncarl;' 100,000 men. The allied army imiler the Prince 
of Cobiii^, oppoicd to Jourdnia, numbered about 120^0 men, of 
which the cavalry wna numsrouB, in excellent onnditioD, and far 
■Qperinr in every reepecl lo »h»l could be brought agBiiiBt them. 
The determination of tbe GiineraliMima woa to ait down before 
Maubeuge, and tbe Imperialist army eroaBcd the Sumbre with ihia 
view on the 39th of September. 

26. Tub iMPcaMimis neeuoe Mavbeuok. 
From aO,000 lo 96,000 French were eslabliBtied M Maubeuge, 
in ft furtilied camp under its walls. This camp >vai> invested by 
llir I'rinoB of Coburg on the BtU nt October, on bnih »ides of llie 
Sambrc. The Duteh force, which ha had drawn away from the 
Duke of York to augment the army nf the Imperialist)), waa 13,000 
atriin^, and now occupied the left bank of the river, on tbe chousa^e 
to Mun*. General Colloreda was charged with the inveatment of the 
right bank, with 4fi,000 men ; Latnur's divisiuu eiteudeil acrosa the 
cIiBuna^ leading lo Beaumont at Cerfnntaine ; another diviniua was 
placed ou tlie higli road to Aveanea. in front of Beaufort, res^n^ iti 
rielit on the ravins of Wattigniea. Clairfait, having under him 
Wsnckhelm, Bonjowaki, and Httldioh, had charge of the obser- 
TalioD of all the avenuea from the side of the forest of Mormale 
Jind Landrecy. Tbe division entrusted with the worka of the siege 
wiu Sn.OOO Strang. Immense wnrka were Forthwith constructed on 
both buiita of the Sumbre, and heavy batteries nf twenty M- 
pmiiidor*; one was established against the town, in hopes to reach 
the magazines, sud create by their destruction a moral effect upon 
the troops and inhabitants. On the lirat day wirties were made 
by the gnrriaon, tu drive away the besiegers frum a post they 
Meupiod, oalled Ihe Cense do Ch&teau; but alChnugh sloully con- 
taatod un each occasion, the Auslrians muntoined tbe post. A mors 
•ertous enterprise was made on the 13tb, against the depSt of the 
benirgem, at Ihe Boia dn Tillenl, where General Ferrand had sonis 
pacc>>Mi. and would, it ia said, bave been able to suatain hini»alf, 
bat lliat the men sent out to lila aupport miuoolt his troupa for thoae 
of the enemy, and opened Kre against him, which obliged him la 
get back with all expedition tu the fortiHed camp, ilere in a 
very ahort time provisions begrin U> fail the besieged; the sop- 
plin, scarcely «ufficiait for an ordinary garriioa, could not moin- 
tnin 26,000 men in addition; and aceordingiy, from the lOth of 
Oaitiibcr th>y were redneed lo half-ratiuna. The hoapitnla.alao. 
Dot having auflieient accommoda-tion for the increased force, were 
•Towdwl. and numbers died in ihem daily in conaequence; and to 
aM to Iheae difficulliea, the batleriea opened on Ihe night uf Ihe 14tli 
— 16lh ao dose to the enceinte, that terror and deapair looli poi- 
MaaioD of the defenders. A story ia told nf General Chancel, the 
GuvcrnoT, to whom some of the men eompbtined, that though they 
did not care for the fighting they did dialiko abort commona and 



154 THE SA.TTLB OT WATTIOSI£B. [a.&. 

It of rest. "Apprenes, jeiiiia* hotntnes," nplied tlie GanenU. 
" que c'est par uiie loiigue suite de tmvkux et de privMions quit 
hut whi^r I'hunneur de comb»ttre et m.mrir pour )■ pntno." 

27. ThK BiTTLE OF WiniaiLES. 

Gmerai Jourdan uw the urgent necegaity of andenakiof; same- 
thing for the relief of tlie corps d'armA at Maubeuge, and widi 
~hu object asKiobled at Guise a force of some 40,000 men, adding 
.0 his own army of the Ardennes divisions trota the eaiii)ia ol 
Gavecelle, Caesell, and Lille, and 4D00 or 6000 men dnwn tnaa Iha 
army of the North. On the 13iJi of October he set them in mntiaii^ 
in fiTo colunms: the iiret, under the cotnniuid of Be*ui^at4| 
took a iMHitioa and ealnbllohed ttiemseivce uear Solra le ClilMaa) 
Duquesuoy, witli another oolumn. moved up along the hieh road froa 
Areaneai the third column, uoder Billand, was plie^ in rewgtt 
It Avenelles: Conlellier muved up uritli the fourth column from I* 
Capelle ; and General Froroentiu, uith tbe fifth, occupied the left 
' of the road fmm Aveciies at Doirplerre. On the 14th Camot and 
Jourdain tugelher reconnoitred the enemy's positions Placed <m 
rising ground behind a small stream, the allies rented their right 
n the Sambre, and their left acrom the chunss^ to AvsmeB upM 
ime woods near Wattiguies : another ear|i« fell back in a rigbl an^ 
■om the same woods, retting his left on the Sambre. An inunaDW 
line of cavalry n-u Ibrmed up in echelon in the plain in rear. 

'n anticii^tiun of tlie adTance of the French, the PrinM of 
•org had sent for the Duke of York from the hanks of the Lja, 
who had already arriTcd at Englefontaine, un the other aide uf tk» 
Hormale forest. Clairfait, who was in command of tbe corps it 
obaerralion, Sii.OOO strong, imrnediately prepared to oppuae ili« 
adrance of the enemy ; he sent Bellegarde with three ImtialioM 
and 3000 horse into the mile; of St Waaat ; Haddich and Beiijnwsij 
with 4DO0 or fiOOO men were detached towards Beauniont. Chir> 
fait himself took tlie cummand of 13,000 infantry and 6000 caratljr, 
upon tbe heights of Dourlera and 'Wnltigniet. The Duke of Cotrors 
had also tent 10,000 men ton-ards Philippevillc, to prevent any imM 
tronps being marched up fmm tlie Ardennes, and had, acoording lo 
euBtoiD, intrenched liia position, so dial ha thought himself secur*; 
and he was reported in the I'rencli army to bare said, " Cm 
Fraikfais sont de tiers r^publicnins, mais s'ils me eliasBMil d'ici, ' ~ 
me Sii» r^puhlicain moi-m^me." Aceordini;!}' it oas a jiikn is '*" ~ 

army, that they were going to tight the Duke to mak< 

a republican. 

The onlpi«ls first came to blows on tlie 14th of Oetober, 
Aresnes, and un tbe lAih, at nine in the moming. Jourdain la 

G«neral Balland's guns along the channf e opened a caimunado .. 

alxtMti 19-paunden on the Austrian division at Dourien. WUb 
this c^ntinuod, Duqueanoy and Beauregard marched on the njthl lo 
Utack the poutinn at Watligniee, and Ftomenlin on tlie IhK to 
attack St. Waast and St Aubain. This GeDemlwasreeaived with aaoh 
fimmcas by the Austriana that he was kept in check until tbe oavilr; 




1798.] THE BATTLE OF WATTIGNIES. 156 



under Bellegarde could come up, wiio drove him back into tbe 
valley of St. Hemy vriih tlie Iobh of all Ills guuB, but Duqumooy was 
Oiabled with little reUBtance lo estabUBh hiuiBelf un llie liijitb jtruund 
M DimonC sod Dimeoliuix, oppcwite WattigDJes. The cnmiDiMArioi, 
elated b> lliii advantage, inuBted on Balland btiDi; ordered forward 
to the attack of Dourlera, but no sooner did he reach tbu foot of 
UiH poaicioD than he was overpowered by the Austrian artiUery, 
~ ' ' IthstiuidLnK all the devotian of the aoldiera, encouraged by 
bimaeir, Iliej' were uaireelf able to hold their gruaud,wheD 
e wiih the Imperial cavali'j, having already repulsed Fro- 
Bientiu, came upon the flank of BiiUBud'a column, which ^ bioh 
with difflculcy to the ground they liad occupied in tlie inurtiing, with 
the losB of 12U0 men ; happily fur their safety they were nut fullcwed 
Inla it by a single aquadron of the liiiperialiBta, The Iwo armiea 
liTouacked for Sia night ou the fli^ld of buttle, hut Jourdain law that 
the enemy's left at Wattignies was the point for allsck : aoeordingly, 
In the night he reinforced Duquesiioy with 6000 or 7W0 men, and 
iiaving thus atrengthcned Ibis wing to the amount of 22,000 men, he 
•kiaed in Beauregard, who had gut off loo much to tlie right, and 
advanced on tlie murning of the 16Lh in three columna u|)on the 
Imperialiats, commanded by General TarEy, while Beauregard threat, 
ened his rear from the side of Obrecliies ; false attacks were at the 
same time made on St. WaasC and Duurlers. Juui'dain also sent 
forward lo thia attack a greater immber uf guns, wtiich liod a pro- 
digious effect in covering the ohargo by the bayonet, and keeping off 
ttie Austrian huree. Tlie brother of Camot Iflok cliarge ol a bat- 
tery of twelve guns, which played with such effect on tlie enemy's 
aquadrons that they fell back on lleaufort. The Austrian re|;imenta 
oflCilbeck and Hohcnlohe, in General Terzy's divisiuD at Wattignies, 
were almost annihilated, and the regiments of Stein having luet all 
their utticers were obliged lu be witlidrawu from the lines and sent to 
the rear. The Prince uf Coburg had not been as much on tlie alert 
daring the night aa Jonrdain, and had in truth made nii dispositiOD 
ba Btrengthen hia defences; hie outposts were all na the look out, 
but the whole army remained tranquil in its poeitions, unchanged in 
any of itadiH>asitiDnB,na augmentatiani or diminutione being thought 
of; no reinforeements were even now sent to General Terzy, who 
earnestly demanded them. Ignorant of the extent of his superiority, 
which might have readily met this attack with roinforuemeuts 
drawn from his right, the Frioee soon began to fear fur his commu- 
nieatiouB. However, Colonel Haddich ou the side of Ohrechies was 
enabled to check the advance of Beauregard by a timely and gallant 
charge of cavalry, and General Chaateler, at the head of a regi- 
ment of dragoons, greatly dislinguiKlied himHelf, and was wounded. 
Benjowski, meeting with General Hiilie beyond Beaumont on the 
side of the Ardennes, druve him back under the walls of Phibppe- 
ville and look twelve guns from him. Duquesnoy had been ordered 
lo move under the l]ill of WattigmcE, ad to uncie 'u,^ Mij«a. \uk 
7 and bis appeanuica in that dllectmn ieXBroiiaB^ 'Oqk.^-wi'oj. 
b«f Coburg to retreat. The Austriivna conWiiiiea. \jTB,ie\T \ai "^ 



156 THE 7BB?ICH BESIEGE 



lime in defence of their guns tnd their in trench men la, but kt teoglti 
they were obtiged to retire in a complete rout. 

The Dnbe uf Giburg might. It ix truf, Imve bmiigbt acroM the 
river the Dutch cnrpa of the Prince of Orenee, whose pl»oo Conld 
faave been supplied by the diviaion of the Duke of Ynrk. Too timid 
howerer to perMTere, *nd fenrFul u( beini; attacked by Ferrand 
from the camp at Maubeuge, he bastily withdrew his tmops front all 
bis paniiomi, raieed the siege of UBobenze, and in the night enmed 
the Sainbre at Hautmonl and Busaiere. Ferrand, urjted by General 
Chancel tn attack the Aiutriau-i un their retreat, let them paw by 
him iiDmolBsled, sayine he could nut leave bin iniranched camp until 
he hai given faia faand to Jourdain; but such was ii tliia time the 
thiret fur hlood in tbe Conrenlion tliateven a Baecenfal battle oaDld 
not quench it. The omianon at (hia time of s sortie from ibe {t>- 
treucbed camp upon the retii-inR Iniperialisli required tin ex^nation 
of aome general for tlieir Tictim, and Geueral Chancel, who, m il 
happened, bad been the one who mogi reenmmended that they 
■liould aally forth, was selected Tor the saoi-iHcc, waa L"' ' 
demned, and (juillotined. The losses in these battles have 
pnted at 9000 men on eitb<!r aide. 

28. TBR FbE!(CB BEEJEGE NlEDPOKT ISa IRE BEFUI 

Jonrdun, deiiirnus of utiliiing his auirecss near Maubeti^, tn 
to General Davabmes, who bad temporarily the command in Fian> 
data, to make a divernon upon Vpres, Menin, and Toumay, aitd on 
the Slat a general attack was made un all the poata of ih* allicc 
At Marchiennea the attack was m&de with such effect by RiuiaiiillMl, 
that the Austriana under KauniiE were obliged to fitll bae'" "- "' 
night on St. Amand. On the S^tid Soiiham drove back a 
menl under Omnt d'Erboch upon Menin. An English divirion 
at Cyaoing found itself obliged to fall back on Toumay. The ad- 
fsnced poatH at Willem and SniUy, occupied by the Ilanoveri' 
were in like manner driTen in. But it was particiilarly on tha 
of Nieuport and Oatend that the republicans mads their i 
threatening advance, in order to cut off -ha British from their < 
municaliona by the sen. Accordingly, on the ilstotOclabcr, General 
Vandamroe with 6000 men moTed fmin Dunkirk in two eolumna, 
one by the ahore and the other by tlie ruad, npoa Furuca. The 
firat column waa to hai-e been anpporled by a flotilla iif Fraoeh 
gun-boats, but Admiral Macbride wa« now nlT the ecnst and atuppeil 
them. However, tlie loyal emigrants who garrisiined Funlea, 
although evincing the moat reck leas bmvory, were obliged tn giv* 
way before numbera and retired to Niqii|<'>rt; here tlie FiwMir 
kept them Imicged till the 2ath,when they stormed unsneensrollj ih 
tart at Niervoet, and on the *7th opened batterica against tb« yt~ 

%t 700 twsea, and bombarded the sown with hot shot, Tl- ^ 

stoutly reuaied every attempt kl a slunn until the 1 

General Dundas arrived with the 43iid and same Hrittah a 

rovn, and un the ensuing day he was fullownj by General Ciray MISI 

delachnieQI of sailors under Captain Rugera, nhen no the SOlb Vaa- I 




WAK 0^' •run. aXKUAK lEONTIEB. W^ 

Aunnu nkloBd the awga lUid departwl, leaving liis butteriag-Euns 
behind him. Thcso rolioua events brought bsck the Duke of Y.irk 
>iid tbe AuBtiinii divUionf in greftC huts from the baiikiof tho Satnbre. 

Un the S6lh Cli* Impuri&liHtB under Cimeral Kny resolved to 
taJce Taveuge upaa the Fncmy, and mnde a Torctd lanvemsDl to 
BOtprise the French M MnrchieDiiea ; hnring heard that GetieiSil 
RaoMiniiel, who had harried him out of it, now cDmnianded the 
force there, but b»d eHtabliebed hia bead-tiuartera at Doua)', Bome 
loafues dUtsDl, he witli 3000 iufantry attoclied on one side, while 
two btdtftlions Buailed it on llis «de uf St. Amaiid, and Utta ad- 
I WaHiiig and Hnmage to «ut cifi' their reumt. The 
•dranoed post, suTpTised, tjod, &nd were fultowed by Kray, who 

lend the lown pell-mell with the pickets and videtlea, and suoh 

a ^1* SiinfuHiuu iu the dArknens fi-oni the lire of the artiUer}', 
lliat aftoi' Boiue I3II0 men liud been put kon dt eotiAal, the re- 
- ' ' r, to the number of 1800, sent a trumpet with an oHer of Hur- 
The Oeneral humanely ciimpliud, and obtained great credit 
tur Ibia gallant amp de Main. 

After some mauouvres of more ur less hostile intent, both annies 
retired into winter-tjuarten : tlie French at Guiue, and Cubui-g at 
Bavay. On Carnot's ivturo to Farin, he found the Committee of 
Pablto Safety resolved to proaecutB tlie war, by driving tile enemy 
wbntljt out of France belnre cuncludin); tlie campaign, and BG- 
eordinffly urden were transmitteil to Juurdaiu to resume aperatiuns 
notlrllhstaudiiig the seaBon. On t!ie 9rd of November, therefote, 
ba aet llie army again in motion : Duqnesnny waa ordered to 
DMrdi on Thuin, bnt the rain fell in torrents, and with all his 
Mlony he failed hi get there. Frumenlin was sent against Charlcroi, 
bot before he could reuuh tho place hia proiiaionB failed him, and tbo 
other divisions had liks ill Buccees, an that JourdsJn ventured to re- 
preaetlt the imposaibility of obeying llie orders sent him ; ba was 
immodiately summoned to Farin, deposed from hia CDmmaud, and 
tlw conqueror al Wattignies very nearly numbered it amone the last 
.. i._ _■ — ..._ ....I i^j ^^ Bucoeed him in bis com- 

e inferior poet elsewhere. 
29. WlH ON TUB GeBHAN FHONTIEB. 

After the siege of Mayenc^, BeBuhamaia withdrew his fbrces 
bAtdnd the liuoa of WeisBenbourg. and was auceeeded in the com- 
nand of the army of tbe Rhine by Lnndremont, and the army of 
tiie Hosalle fell back on iho other aide of the Vosges behind the 
Saar, having its advance at UlieBoaBtuI ; tliu furmer being ill numbers 
45,000, and the latter 16,000 men. About 10,000 or 13,000 men in 
the mountains under General Fully kejiC up the connexion between 
tbeu two armies, anil the division of Delaii;« with about UOOO 
hoed towards Troves ; the entire army therefure amounted to 
ktpont 60,(H>0 oombatants. The Pruesiao army, divided intc four 
MpstUe ourpi, watched the enemy : one under the King in person 
U Torchheim >nd Ediokhofen ; Knother under the Uukc of Bruiis- 
wlak at Kaiserlaulom ; a third under tbo Prlnea of Ilohenlulie 



168 WAB 09 THl OSBICAJT TBONTUB. [aJ). 



at Lantereck ; and the fourth under Kalkrenth at Kreotmaefa. 
Wurmaer having with him a corps of Austrlans and Imperialitti 
guarded the line of the Queich and occupied Spire. This army 
counted 40,000 men, and a corps of 10,000 Imperialists under Staader 
covered the Brisgau. The whole allied foroes under arms have been 
put at 100,000. Matters here remained in utter inaction on both 
sides till the middle of AVigust. On the 9th Kalkreuth marched 
to Wiebelsktrch, and pushed the enemy across the Blies at Nen- 
kircli. On the 13th Hohenlohe came up with the French post at 
Aldert, and dnive it back across the Glau. On'tlie 16th the Duke 
of Brunswick crossed the Erbach and turned the camp of the re- 
publicans at Pirmasens, and made them cross tlie Lauter on the 
opposite side of the mountain, where the Prince of Prussia blockaded 
Landau. Wurmscr on the 20th sent Hotze into the valley of An- 
weiler to threaten the left flank of the corps op|>osite him, but he 
having in vain tried to dislodge the French from Bergsabem, was on 
the27th obliged to seek his own safety bycrossing the mountains. The 
army of Cond^ advancing on the right of the enemy along the valley 
of the Rhine, had at first some success in an encounter against Ge- 
neral Ihler, who was killed, but they would have been entirely over- 
whelmed at Hagenbach, had it not been for the timely arrival of 
support from General Cavanach. Wurmser resolved to make another 
attempt to get round the left flank of the enemy, and on the 6th of 
September sent 400t) Austrians under General Piaczewitz to attack 
the French at Nottweiler, which after a fittiguiog march of Ibar days 
he accomplished and took five guns. On the 14th the republicans 
retorted by a combined movement on a larger scale ; Desaix on the 
right attacked Bienwald, but was wounded and obliged to fall bsck ; 
but Piaczewitz was so pressed by General Ferette that he was driven 
out of Nottweiler and forced to retire ; and General Moreaux, who 
had succeeded Pully in the command of the army in the mountains, 
carried the position of Pirmasens, but soon found both his flanks 
enveloiKMl by the movements of the Duke of Brunswick, and fell 
back with the loss of twenty-two pieci*s of artillery and 4000 men, 
and with some risk to his army. General Kalkreuth was also at- 
tacked in another quarter, and the action concluded by his cutting 
to pieces the regiment called Sans Culottes. 

The French armies at this moment were at their lowest state of 
disorganization : the chiefs were successively anathematised, de- 
posed, and brought to the scaffold, whether they were successful or 
otherwise. .Every man suspected of gentle blood or connexions was 
dismissed from employment The whole tftat-major being much in this 
condition had accordingly to be replaced. The commtssariea, valgar 
men and jealous of any mah of consideration, supplied the vacant 
places ** from the lowest of the people." Jomioi very justly re- I 
marks, ^ L'arm^e d^nu^ de confiaiice a tous les d^sa^rea ima- 

ginables, leur patriotisme seul la soutenaiL" The allies were not, 
owevcr, at this moment at all united ; the chiefs could agrse on no 
combined plan of operations ; the natural jealousies of race kept the 
Austrians and Prussians apart ; and personal ptqna and JcaloOBy 



1793.] ATTACK OH THE IISBS 0? WEI B8 EN B Oil HO. 159 



crenlail n eolilncH between the Duke nf Grunswick and Genenl 
Wurinsor. Tlie King uf Pruuis had Mt tlie itrmy uid wm gotw 
to Piilani], where lie hftd inlerusM nomewhat auUgouiiitic lo hi* two 
Imperial alliei of Amtrui and RxiBJn. 

30. Attick on IHK Lines oi' Weibsbxuoubq, 
The Duke of Bnioawick h&d lung cast > winliful eye upon tha 
strong French camp al Hombnch, not far from ZweihrUcken. Thti 
Prince of HolienUJie wu dincted U> march (ram DlieiicaBtel on 
BooUweiler to turn it on the left, wliile the Duke threateovd it iu 
ft^ut, and Du the 27tb it waa evaooated, and Moreaiix retired to 
Bileho. The ssnie day KnobelDdorf drove the republicannoutof their 
ounp at St. Imbcrt, and E&lkreuth on tho 3Sth forced General Guil- 
UuniB to pSBs the Soar at Sonrbrllck. Theae movemcnti hul cun- 
■iderably expoaed tho left of tlie French lines at WeiHenboor);, 
and afforded an opportunity to the allied cninmniidfra to forca tha 
army of the Rhine lo evacuate the Voagee. Here tho corpe d'armiie 
was now eominuided by General Carlen, who ■ month before had 
only been a captain of cavalry. Under these circumelaneea the two 
German comniaiidurs laid aside their jealiinsies and agreed on a 
general attsok. The French lines extended from tlie Rliine on their 
right, bi (he miiuntaitui un the left ; but were defeolive in want of 
onuncKion : on their extreme left however was the poet of the 
GeisberR, well placed and strong. The determination wan taken to 
Storm llieso lines by main force : Wurmser was to advaace in six 
colnraiu, having a seventh thrown across the liver to turn effec- 
tually the right of the enemy. The Duke of Brunswick was to mn«a 
three days in advance in order to turn the French left flank by the 
gorge* of tho Vneges at Doodenliial and Leiubach. Accordingly, on 
the night of the 13th— 13th of October the Prince of Waldecic 
croHMHt the Rhine from Blicersdurfi' tu Selz, and establiehed a bridge 
tiiere. As soon m Wunnser was apprised of this succ«h by ^e 
explosion of three grenadcB, he Bet in malion the other columns. 
Jellalich, at the head of tlie second, attacked tha left of Lauterburg, 
and having acconiplished this object sat quiet, allowing even hin 
Okvalry to unbridle; tho ociniequences of lliis neglect might have been 
most serious, for Waldeck henring no firini;, recrossed the stream, 
only protecting the bridge, while Dubois with the cummisBary Miuu 
undertook a surprise sgaiast Jelhilich, who was only saved by the 
Wktchrulness of his Hessian hussars, and by the success of tho third 
oolumn under Hoize, who had got possession, at eleven o'clock, of 
die road between Weisaunbour); and Lautcrtanrg, thus completely 
cutting ofF General Carlen at the Bienwald from Dubois's division, 
who had gone back to Druxenlieiui, Maxaros and Catanucli, on the 
right, were not quite so sucoessful in their attacks, though evrntunlly 
they i^ot possession of the redoubt nenr Steirifeld, and pushed back 
Meynier, who waa wounded, and forced General Combes to retreat out > 
of Weiaseiibourg. The remainiog co\atMi cntnaiaiBi. Vj ^"ewrii. N 
VTomeail iimluded in it the corps of CQnat,'«\«i ifuicVti wA «kc^>*i 
the iattvachineota at Bergiabevo.ftgUing.YieiieVavxa a4Wi!»VS*«'«»- 



160 THE PBUSSIAirS FAIL AT THE FOBT OF BITOHE. [a.D. 

man, with bitter animosity ; but this time the emigrant carried the day 
against the' republican. The latter fought, however, under some dis- 
advantage. Clarke, the chief of the staff, had been superseded the day 
before the battle, and there was no officer whose duty it was to carry 
out the ari-angements of the General-in-Chief; he had, however, 
determined to withdraw from Weissenbourg upon the Geisberg, but 
the Austrians, always slow, lost the valuable moment, and although 
it was but two in the day, Wurmser was content to cannonade Weis- 
senbourg, until the Prince de Cond^ at the head of his emigrants 
could charge with the bayonet the troops who still held the village, 
which they did effectually, taking seventeen guns, and cutting to pieces 
the unfortunate garrison. 

The Prussian army had been put in motion before Wurmser's 
attack. The Prince of Hohenlohe advanced to Bitche ; bat it waa the 
14th when the Duke of Brunswick reached Werdt, and the French 
were already behind the Motter. The allies were thus again ad- 
vancing victoriously upon the French territory, and the republican 
army not only retiring under the guns of Strasbourg, but tliAt im- 
portant city itself was, it appeared, on the point of declaring for the 
royal cause. A conspiracy which was on foot with this object had, 
however, been discovered, and fearful had been the retaliation : sevoity 
of the most distinguished families of the place were at once accused, 
tried, condemned, and executed. Some one writes at this period, 
** Sainte Guillotine est dans la plus brillante activity." The Impe- 
rialist General, moreover, had already his views of Austrian intenst 
in regard to Alsace and Lorraine, in which the Duke of Brunswick 
on the part of Prussia wuuld not acquiesce. In differing, the Duke 
strongly urged his colleague not to have any concern with Stru- 
bourg, but to limit the campaign to the recovery of Landau, which 
was still strictly blockaded, and to the siege of Fort Louis. Not- 
withstanding, after the intrigues at Strasbourg had blown up, 
Wurmser proceeded to Haguenau, which surrendered to his ad- 
vanced guard under Mazaros. On the 18th the Austrians came op 
with and defeated the French with considerable slaughter at Bmmpt, 
and on the 25th they were again routed with great Iosb, when 
Wurmser obtained the important position of Wantzenau. The 
Austrian Marshal now sat down before Fort Louis, or Fort Yao- 
ban, as it is also called, against which he opened the trenches 
on the 29th of October, and on the I4th of November the gar- 
rison of 3000 men capitulated. The Prussians tried to intimidate 
the garrison of Landau to the same result, and proceeded to bombaxd 
it with artillery on the 27th of October from six batteries, bnt aftsr 
bm*ning the arsenal, blowing up the magazine, and continuing their 
fire for forty-eight hours, the besiegers renounced all further violent 
measures, and again converted the attack of Landaa into a moat 
rigorous blockade. 

31. The Prussians fail at the Fobt of Brchk. 

General Carlen had retired his army behind the Zom, bat the fiiffi 
of Bitche, situated where four roads meet in the iWHintaini^ and 



:; THE FBBNOH TOILBD AT KAIBEULA-UTEBN. 

thererore very important to tlie Duke of Bruii«wick Cu f 
before he took up his wintpr-quarterB, atill rGmained iu the hands 
of the French. Tiiig fort wbb rmlj KfliriBoned bj a battalion of the 
regiment de Cher.being about GOO or 700 men commandeil by Culonel 
Augicr. and was sitiuted on » eUiep iieight. On the night of the 
isth — I7lh of November Culouel Wnrteuslebeii, guided by hi 
gmot officer of ongineerB who knew the [iliioe, paiiBed B&fely liy the 
ontarork called La Queue d'UircDdelle, and divided tlirce columna of 
■tttdi ; of which the B«wnd failed bythe very uld story of tlie laddera 
beiug tno abort, but the ibird entered ibe town completely to tlie Bi 
priae uf tbe ganisonand without A bloff. Tlie KrU arrived at the foot 
oF tbe BHCBut and had bat n bIioi'I dialance tn climb, wheu a BOn^el 
■lanned the tmupB, who rushed out of their bairockB iu their ahirta and 
fol tba gates cloied ; they then ruehed to their guna and poui'ed BBtarm 
of grape tbat foraed the PruBaiaoB tn retire, leaviugtweuty-fuuTofBcers 
MM UO ineu on the ground. Alarmed on every ude, tlie jtorriaon 
Mweely huev where to lire, nheii iliu inhabitant of a corner boose la 
rq>orted, very improbably, (a have liiniself propuaed to Bet it on lire. 
^ EUa TOU8 aervira de torohe pour voua fclaimr." The assailantahad 
lowered the purtcullia and wei'a in a eruwd upon the bridge when 
the Sm opened from the aide of Ibe houae and pinned ■ crowd of men 
who had Ued for refuge to the capoimiere from ntirring either to get 
fgaward or backward. Wortti^sleliun, tindltiK liis attempt fail, with. 
draw from the attack, and tbe uufurtunnle cDiigniitt engineer was 
antodgat the prisouers. 
32. Tbb FrBiIcu under Hochs ake focles it Kaiiebllutbrn. 
General Hucbe had been name d to tbe command of the republican 
anny. The allies were oompaaedly furLifylug themeelves behind ll>e 
I Uultcr for the winter, and llie Ptusbiuub had taken poet behind the | 
Here the litttor were atlMclted on tile 38tli of November by I 
aOfiOO men under Uoche. H..clic htul advanced on the 17th of No- 
rambar from the side of the Saar, and succeaBlvely drove back the 
Piu^ana acrnsa the Biles and the Erbach ; but allhough gifted with 
■ piml geniuB fur war, he was ret at the threshold of hia exp«i>'Dce, 
Hill knew little or nothing of bis ground, ubich was most difficult. 
Hoche got tngetbec some SU.OOU men, but it was the 80th before lie 
could get them in motion. Tlie Doke uf Brunswick hod collected hia 
SBKo-Pruauan divinions behind the uiorshy stream of the Lauter, 
rcBliiig hia right on the towu of KkiserUuleru and his left at TripBtadt. 
Geiiural Koupolh was at one extreme Hank in the mountains at Lau- 
iMFeck, and the Prince of Hohenlohe un the other at Pirmasens, 
walehmg the vnilev* that desoendcd towards the Hhine at Atiwuler 
•nil NeuBlodt. Uoche muved to tbeattackiuthreegraudcDluinnBDn 
til- SBlh. His right advanced from Sorrealbe, hii left from St. Luuii, 
and his sentre Ihrough tbe nmuntaina by Freudeuberg. General Ani- 
hm with the left attack had reached Reichenbach and determined to 
attaok ^e Pnuisiau position at Hirselbom, which induced the Duke to 
bring forward General Kalkreuth with the reserve (o the Schloaat 
Uld M make them face with their leA on the Lauler. Thus 
Vol. IV. 



162 THE BATTLE OF THE GEISBEBO. [aJ>. 

risked being enveloped by the two corps of Kospoth from Lantereek, 
and Kalkreuth at Erlebacb, and had only 6000 men with him. With 
the exception of some slight affairs of cavalry, matters rested thus 
till the morning of the 29th, when Hoche sent his strength against 
the bridge of Sambach in support of Anibert, who endeavonred to 
turn the allied flank at Otterbach ; the two brigades of Simm and 
Paillard, sent on this service, lost their way and did not come together 
till the close of the day, but the Prussian left ^ing got also separated, 
and was attacked by Olivier and Molitor at Moorlautem, and at first 
driven back, but some Saxon cavalry came to their aid, and they 
saved their position. Ambert accordingly gave orders to withdraw 
his two brigades in the night, and it was fortunate for him he did so, 
for Kospoth, who was closing in from tiie right, would have certainly 
destroyed him. On the other flank, Greneral Tapmiier advancing 
from Laadstuhl upon Vogelwehr attacked the Gralgenberg, bnt the 
Duke of Brunswick brought in his left wing from Tripstadt under 
the Prince of Weimar, and Wartensleben with ten squadrons Ml 
heavily on Taponier, who was driven back across the Erbach. On 
the 30th the cannonade reopened with increased fiiry on every nde, 
and Hoche made a fresh attempt to turn the Duke's right : some 
bloody work was done between Molitor's horse and the Saxon cavmlry, 
and some French divisions renewed their endeavours to retake tfao 
village of Erlebacb, but failed and were obliged to retreat beyond 
Otterbach. The Duke now brought forward both his wings and 
forced Hoche to a general retreat, which he effected, leaving Ambert 
to cover his march with five battalions. The loss of the Sazo-Pms- 
sians was pdt at 1300, and that of the French at 3000. Hoche was 
now convinced that he could not save Landau by any movemenlB 
he could make against the Duke of Brunswick on that side of the 
mountains, and therefore determined to send Taponier with 13,009 
men to reinforce the army of the Rhine and enable it to advanes 
upon Wurmser. 

33. The Battle of the Gkisberg. 

The failure of the Prussians against Bitche had exposed the right 
of Wurmser's army, but he had intrenched • himself in a strong 
position between Druzenheim on the Rhine and Rheichdiofen in the 
mountains. Here several attempts were made to turn the Austrian 
right at Mittelsheim on the 1st of December, and at Bentheim and 
Dausendorf on subsequent days, but without effect. These eombatii 
however, disciplined and blooded the young French recmits, and 
prepared them for more serious enterprises. In October the com- 
mand of the French army of the Rhine was conferred on Charles 
Pichegru, who had been but chef de bataillon at the dose of the 
previous year, but had been since rapidly promoted to be General of 
Brigade and of Division, and was now selected by the commi«ariea 
with this army for the command in chief. He had desired to aignaline 
his appointment by something brilliant on the 4th and 8th, but bb al» 
tempts had ended in nothing decisive ; on the 9th a better combined at- 
tack succeeded in driving in the Austrian advanced posts in fnai of 



793.] THB BA.TTLE OP T1IE GEISgEKO. 103 

>ir itiu«iiclied poBitLon. The rorp« of Tnponier wur now ftdranciiig 
the valley of (he Niederbron to cover the left of Pichcgru's ariny, 
l on the Bththe AiiMiiana were dialod^d from Jai^Dthal by m h*tU- 
aanderlbecomDuodnf Soult, who here coniea tint upon theteeiie. 
id tbe Aascrisna and Pmuiana bren at this raumenl acting in con- 
rt, there would have been no difficuliy id eflectualiy counteracting 
I republiciuiB, hut the allies were bo glow in ccmcertiag measurea, 
tt tbej were not ready to do any thing till the 16th or I6(h. In 
> mcuiwhile the ever-aclJTe French were upon them, and atnctted 
JKichshofen, where Jacob was repulsed by the Auslmu corp* of 
^^>tze, and another French division was driven back at Gunieni- 
teo ; but on the ISlh, white the allieH were deterred from an in- 
nded attack by the weather, Ta|>onier and Hatry l«ik the offensive 
id drove back the corps uf Fuiick out of Rheichshofen, and llnCze 
M forced lo retire (o Werdi and the Liebfrauenberg. Here he wu 
jUDkUAcked Biiddrireo back by HochBonthe22Dd, who had pnanad 
e Voegee with the diviaiiin of the ai-my of the Musetle, and now came 
'my ofFreshweiler.whenfdlingonWerdt he cuptured twenty guDB 
poutioD. The Pruuian right wua now forced liaeU upon llie Fi- 
oanier near WeisseubtMirg, and Wunnter was then Gonatntinsd tu 
oSl up hie main force from hie fortified line beliind (be Motler. 
d to retire in all haelc, leaving a strung garrison behind hiui in Fort 

The French army was at this moment partly under the COnllJiand 
■ Mchegru and partly under Hnohe.snd the oiimmisaariea who were 
i( >aw that the ill-will which exiaied between the two might lead 
id reBalIe,and therefore determined to invest Hoohe with the 

■ief anmmand. This lieneral now naaembted 35,000 men opposite 
eiweiibuurg, wliile two divisions nnder Dciwi^ threatened Lnuter- 
ITft, and three more diviaiuns froni the army uf the Moselle de- 
mded tlie Vosgea on bis left. The allies were not only at 111 
eord with one another, Austrians and Pmssians, but the former 
ire diagnsted at being obliged lo quit the lines they had watched sn 
■B, nor were the Alsacians at all prepared for their defection, and 
BB ■ KDse of diagraoo wiu added tn the feeling of the reti'eating 
tdlus. The allied forceB were now established with their right 
: &ob1 and on the Geiahert, and their left at Ober-Lauterbneh, 
' Jl the river and the iild French intrenchmenta in their rear. The 
ike of Bmnawich with his PruBNinna occupied tlie Pigeonnier. It 
_■ roniarfced aa singular Ihnt the generals should receive the ini- 
niling Kttuck with their back to the uld French intrenohments and 

.Huche waa in nn mind tu allow tlie Austrians to take breath, and 
Iraneed against them on the 26[li in three columna. Diunix 
arched on LanterburR, Miohaud moved on SehleithaJ, while the 
ITitfons of Ferino, Hatry, and Tapooier in one column marched to 
icb of WeissenbouTg and the Geiaberg. Seven battalions and 
aqandmna of Che Austrians had, >4 a,^^«Bj», ^jeea. istii««&. \ 
mird in a onntemplaled attack \<y the b.\\\[A jptietiift, ™A ■™'* \ 
■*— d tlieiiwelvea conipromised by meeiuig VilJn. ^ a:\a^!TO^oi^'>ss™"' 



164 THE BATTLE OF THE GEISBEBO. [a.D. 

encounter with the advancing French, and in this unequal attaek, 
having endeavoured in vain to gain the Geisberg, they turned and 
fled in disorder ; but the Duke of Brunswick hearing the firing 
from the Pigeonnier, hastened down to Weissenbourgf and, seconded 
by General Wartensleben, who commanded the Imperiol reserve and 
rearguard, checked the pursuit. Such, however, was the dissension 
between the two allied commanders, that Wurmser, coming up in the 
midst of the conflict, imagined tliat there was some reluctance on the 
part of the Prussians to continue the engagement, and a warm alter- 
cation broke out between him and the Duke of Brunswick in presence 
of their respective forces on the field of battle. The same day there- 
fore the retreat of the Austrians was determined upon, and before 
night it was carried out to Freckenfield, and the day followini; to 
Germessheim, nor did Wurmser now stop until he had put tlie Rhine 
hetween him and his pursuers, so that he crossed that river at Philips- 
burg on the 30th of December. The Duke of Brunswick also saw j 
the necessity of carr^'ing back his army, which accordingly retreated ■ 
to Ncustadt, while the corps from Kaiserlautern fell down on Turck- I 
heim. The PruHsians saw that as they alone now remained on ■ 
the left bank of the Rhine, it was necessary for them to continue to < 
fall back as fast as they could, but they had little time to withdnw ; 
their troops from their advance as far in front as ZweibHick«i ; as 
soon therefore as they had got back all their outlying detachments, 
the Prussians again fell back, and their retreat only concluded when { 
they reached Mayence on the 30th. Thus Landau, which had been | 
blockaded since April, was effectually relieved, and General Gilot, . 
who had resisted every proposal to surrender the place, had the j 
gratification of giving a coup de patte to those who had so heavily { 
bombarded him, as he opened his guns upon the flying enemy in then* j 
retreat. The victorious army was received by the garrison under anus | 
on the 27th and duly complimented for their astonishing endurance. 

There never was a more glaring example of the evils of a divided ; 
command than this short campaign in the Vosges. When the | 
Prussians under the Duke of Brunswick were engaged for three ! 
successive days about Kaiserlautern, Wurmser never ** stirred a , 
finger '' to his aid. When the Duke had stoutly defeated the IVeach j 
attempt to relieve Landau from that side, he was content to sit upon ; 
his eyrie in the hills and plume himself on his victory, instead of I 
following his adversary down the valleys of the Vosges, and never I 
ceasing from their trail until he had learned tlie full extent of their ': 
hostile intentions. When the armies of the Moselle and Rhine joined 
and outflanked Wurmser, the two able and experienced leaders of the 
allies could not hit upon any joint plan of defence, or if they had done so, 
they delayed it for a storm of rain, while the most imminent danger ; 
manifestly impended over the allied cause : but the conduct of ' 
Wurmser in taking his army off across the Rhine and leaving the 
Prussians to get away as they could, was the most flagrant instance of 
deserting an ally that was ever heard of. On the other hand» yoaag 
Hoche, without any experience, comes before ns with all the oaring 
and freshness of the great republican school of war^ wbkdi he may 



1703.] WAK IS LA tekd£b. 165 

aluiost )>H imiil to hava inaugurated, llw bolrJneMin ftdvaiicmgup M 
tbo I'niMiKiin on ihe (iiji ot tlie inountiiijiA, uiil niolulal/ uxl [mrM- 
veringl)' Mrikiajt them on kll uiles fur thniu d»fi connocutlvaly, uid 
' n when ha disouvtnd that he could act reneb Luidku in t)vt Ui- 
. _tkou,hii npidMid rwdy diwcciit up"n Wuriiiaar.Kud ih* oruHhlsK 
moJt thnt tDllowvd, give hiiu M kiioo a rorMncnt rank RMimig lh« 
cammnnden of Ilia lime. Tlic aMue the*, huwevar, folluwed hin nuo- 
cttuv* tlinl had fnlJawed tlioM of lili pndMiiiuuni. H« wai alrMdy 
liea<na« ton gnat for a jealiiu* guveriiuimit, wiw drew him under 
wniH sliubbf ]>r«texBio PaiHa, wU*r« ho was impriaannl and vuald 
liavn iMeu werilieiHl, but for IIih tortuitoua rhnni^e thU I'eBUltDd In 
ihe fiill ot Robeajiiem. whivli «vent agulu iwt liim free. The wvcral 
amiifle now Ivuk up winler-qnartrrs ; ihe Pnuaiaua near Mayiinoa, 
I llio Auatriana on tlie right bank n( ihe Rliine, whila the French oe- 
' oupleil (iermeaahcini, and wt down tu baaisgo Fort Vauban, 
34. WiB IK Lt VnjiDiK. 
It ia now time to return ta the event* that were taking jilace in 
La Vendue, where an interiieclno and cruel oonUat ragud. and 
" blond was pourcrl out upon tlio earth like water." Aflnr lliu capture 
of Sauinur and Anger*, mi nliDni|il was made an the 20lh oS June tii 
carry b/aaiiaul( the ciiy nlNiLiili'it, which failed. By tlie enpilulation 
ot MayvncH, thu I'ri^iii'h i;iiiTi9i.>ii liinra had becnme dispnulil" by (he 
ltOVernmi.'n(, and wu9 liiL-^ivr^id with nil speed Into La Vemleus in tlie 
baginiilng iif £iv|ilri»b(ir. 'I'hio inaident, inalead of cliHheiu-lenlng the 
inaurKOiitH, guve Uiem freah oiierjsy ; tlisy reawamhlad and fell upoa 
tha troupn as ihsy inarolied un with auob fury, that they were every 
where defeated with piiidigiouB slaugiitor. Kxaaparaled as well ai 
aetooUhed at the failure of thowBucGceaive attempt* to put dnwn the 
inaurroetinn, the republican govemcnent now detertnliied to adopt 
moat atrooiuuB muana to cniah it with etfeet: freih trooua 
m all tlio oaplurod fortreHnea wore colleDlvd and aent down to the 
Iirovinca, and the genorala Were ordoTBd to lay waate with fire and 
Bword tha whole <if unfortunate La VendM. Thew aanguuiary 
raandatcia were sxecuted with a hnrharuue fidHlilv; n<ilhing wat 
auared: tliuui who eeca|ii>d the aword periahifd by tiia flnmea. Th« 
Vondeani ware uol, however, wanting to IheniBelvea in Uiia terrible 
ei-iaia: do'ermUied to save tliemHelves and their fainiliaH from tlie 
fury of an implacahle foe, they aaaeinbled togrther to thi< nuniher of 
nearly 1UO,000 pei'sniin, men. women, Ehildren, miil prienle, and 
baldly croHaing the Loire at Anceiila and St. Ftnrent, nn the 17th uf 
October, marched above 100 milea tiiwarda the aeo-cniat. whoro 
they had reuonable expectation and liope of belug Hiioedily unc- 
eoured from England, They were nt thia time under the direction 
of titiitHet and Henri de la Roohe-Jaotjuolin, and now divided 
tkemauUea into two boiliea; tlie one blockaded the atrong town nf 
8t. Ual<i, in Brittany, tlie other undortimk the aifga ot Granville, In 
Normaiidy. InexpeK, however, in theit mili\»,r3 AMtoiS*, »jA >»». \ 
mi/BuiBnt/j-underdfeeipJine to curry oti a «TCjB,t\»^'ws»&»»»^^™'=^^\ 
(u »baudoa it, a/d-r a during Mlflniiil on l\\s ti\^A «A 'Xw \W^v— ^w* 



} 166 WAE IN THE PTEENEE8. 

of November to arry Ihe plsce by esrslade; in 
■nil lust B. ftarful number uf raau. Their patieai 
exlimutdl ; the expected aid fmm Englnnd did 
the leailera, Benuilile of their (ireaent iuBecuFitf K^ 
DOW ossembliixg together ou all sideu agiiDBl them, 
aaughl (o turn bE^kinIa the interior of the province, 
tlie Loire again hetween them and their eaeniieih 
niTivnl at Le Miinsj they foond Ilial the republican G^ 
hail juel quitted it, niid aci^ardiiigly they eulered thaC 
1 1th of December, and looked Cu iJie hnpe of mting 
from the fatigDOB and canfiicts In which they had ! 
ever «Bce they quitted GraDville, The next day, t 
wera atlackod by ChalboB, whom they nevertliBlem 
uiiadviftedly remuniug; M Mnua, they ivere on the 13(1 
Marceau, coming with iiicreaseil f'lrces frum the * 
utterly routed the ToyaJisC amiv, the i-emaiua of w 
under La Bocbe-JaoquelLn to Lav'aU They were still i] 
aaHRluice which had by this lime arrived in Normao 
land, and in their despair could Ihiuk of no eRcape bt 
the Loire between them and their ruthless brethren^ 
they rushed to cross the river at Anccnts on the 10 
La Rocbe-Jaequelin was striving to collect the meaiiB < 
he wu cut olf from bis people by the arrival of Weatermi 
ami hia troops fled without their general by Nort to Sai 
to the north of Nantes: here on the 33iicl nt 
with Tilly uid Kleber, utterly and hopelessly anaihili 
Vendcau army. "Cliiefa, officers, soldiov, bishop 
niiircbiunesseB, aild priuc«saeH, all perished by the ■ 
flumes, or by the waves," The Vendeana had unfoi 
just turned back from Gnuiiille and St, Malo, wbe 
expedliinn that hod been prcfinfed fur ihcjr asaiBtiuii 
Earl of Moita, arrived ua the Snd of December off the 
It consisted of a French legion of emigrants, under til 
Dresnay, fourteen British batWhons, four cumpauies ol 
about SOOO German auxllUries, the whole amounlcug It 
meu. Every sign previously agreed upon was made fi 
dron to the shore, but uo auHwor being retmiied, 
ordered the fleet to Guernsej, while he sent officers to 
stale of afl'airs. In the mciu while the wealhi 
srltled Ihnt Adnffral Mocbride became anxious for ' 
fleet ; and after wailing fruitlessly a doe Bpsee of 
no prolialiilily of employing the expedition lo aiiy 
he returned with it to England. 

35, War in thk riHBNKxa. 
The republican General Fler«, who commanded itt 
Pyrenees, held with some ilifficolly the defensive apiot 
Geueral Sioardos, his best troops being continnallf 
from him and replaced by new levies, and he himself 
ill favoar by the eommiuarisB of the Convenliioj, m 



1798.] WAB IK THE PYBBNSES. 167 

noble origin and connexions. The opposing armies were nearly 
of the same strength, but the Spanish General was receiving re- 
inforcements, and was at the head of a good army and in the 
fall confidence of his government. He determined accordingly to 
undertake the offensive, and thought he might manceuvre such a 
demonstration on the side of Mont Louis, as might induce the 
republicans to leave Perpignan to its own defencea. In this portion 
of the Pyrenees, an isolated mountain of considerable elevation, 
called Mount Canigou, stands sentinel from the main ranse, and 
having given rise to the waters of the Tech on the soutii side, 
sends down its rocky spurs into the Tet on the other ; over which, 
coasting the right bank of the stream, the rood runs from Mont 
Louis to Perpignan, crossing to its left bank by a bridge, at the town 
of Ville Franche. Ricardos felt the necesnity of securing this post, 
so as to cut off the troops at Mont Louis altogether from Perpignan, 
and on the 3rd of August he sent forward General Crespo, who had 
considerable local knowledge of the valley, with six battalions. 
Avoiding all the French outposts, he came quite by surprise on 
the heights commanding the town, to which he transported by 
manual labour (for all the roads were impracticable) some 12- 
pounders and 24-pounder8 : with these he inmiediately opened upon 
the town, after having duly summoned it, and the Commandant, 
whose garrison was half absent and all recruits, was too glad to come 
to terms ; so that the place was occupied the same night. Upon this 
loss Flers was recalled and imprisoned, and the command given to 
the General of Division, Barbantane. 

Ricardos, now master of Ville Franche, determined to throw for- 
ward his right and establish it on the Gly, so as to invest Perpignan 
fn»m the north. Amarillas, accordingly, was directed to cross the 
Tet, at La Soler, and on the 30th of August he pushed back General 
Goqset to Salees and Peyrestortes, and Ricardos at the same time 
drove in the outposts at Cabestany and Cries upon Perpignan. 
General Vasoo, higher up the Tet, defeated at Olette the brigade of 
Bettencourt, and disregarding Mont LouiH passed towards the valley of 
the Cerdagne, where the republican General Dagobert conimauded. 
This General placing garrisons in Puycerda and Belver, immedi- 
ately put himself in march for Mont Louis, and rallying the fugitive 
brigade to his own division, advanced on the 4th of September with 
3000 men to meet the Spaniards. Poinsot, who commanded the 
advance, surprised their camp near Mont Louis, and after a conflict 
of two hours the French defeated Vasco with the loss of fourteen 
guns and 400 cavaliers of the regiment of Saguntum, who had been 
e8|>ecially succoHsful in the former encounters with the French ca- 
valry. Nevertheless, Ricardos still pursued his object into Roussillon. 
The commissaries having replaced General Barbantane by General 
Dagobert, this last determined on a combined attack from forces at 
Salees on the Spanish post at Peyrestortes, commanded by Ama- 
rillas: accordingly, on the 17th of September, General Daoust de- 
bouching from Perpignan with 8000 or 7000 men, attacked the 
Spanish outposts at Le Vemet, while General Goquet, from Salees, 



168 WAR IK THE PYBXNXSS. [a.D. 



attacked the camp at Rivesaltes, and Perignon that at Pejrestortes. 
Amarillas, assailed in front, right, and rear, was overcome and foreed 
back across the Tet, with the loss of twenty-six pieces of cannon, and 
was too glad to re-establish his camp at Mas d'Eo, where he re- 
joined the division of the Count de la Union. 

36. Battle of the Truillas. 

Emboldened by this success, the veteran Dagobert, who had tiie ex- 
perience of service in the seven years' war, and was remarkable above 
his fellows in the French army for his military qualities, determined to 
make an attempt to free Perpignan from all investment, and with 
this object commenced an attack on the whole of the Spanish Kne, 
on the 22nd of September. At daybreak, he moved forward 18,000 
men in three columns ; of these, Goquet's column was to attack the 
Spanish left at Thuir, Daoust the right at Mas d'Eu, and the GcDeraK- 
in-Chief in the centre was to force the camp at Truillan, where Ricardos 
had established his head-quarters. The Spanish Greneral had inti- 
j mations of this intention of Dagobert, and he accordingly sent Crespo 
with 3000 men from his right wing beyond the Heart, and reinforeed 
the Duke d'Ossuna at Thuir with every man he could spare. The 
contending forces came in collision at seven in the morning, when 
Daoust found himself opposed to Crespo, who had receiTcd no 
reinforcements, but nevertheless repulsed the French attack. Ri- 
cardos, always fearing for his left, now repaired to Thuir, and 
ordered up such reinforcements that Goquet found himself oat- 
numbered, and quailed before the Duke d'Ossuna's 24-poiuiden, I 
which the French with great bravery got across several rows of 
abattis in an attempt to capture ; but the Count de la Union and the 
Duke of Montellano coming at the moment into the line, drove 
them back, and secured their safety. Dagobert went boldly oo 
to the centre and made himself master of a redoubt which com- 
manded the camp at Truillas; but General Courten defended his 
ground as effectually as D'Ossuna had done, and Ricardos having 
now secured his left, came up to his assistance at the head of this 
royal carbineers and the regiment of Paira on one flank, and or- 
dered two other regiments under Don Diego Godoy to attack the 
other, while Courten moved to the front with all his infantry and 
artillery. The republican General under these combinations found 
himself so overpowered on all sides, that he ordered a retreat 
Three battalions of republicans laid down their arms and cried Kits 
U Roi, The old Greneral, indignant at this defection, stopped bis re» 
treat to pour grape upon the traitors, and then marched on in pretty 
good order upon Canhoes. The French lost 6000 men killed, wounded, 
and prisoners, and the Spanish loss did not exceed 1500. 

Ricardos, however, obtained little advantage from his victory, for 
the republicans were now continually receiving reinforcements, and 
soon succeeded in retaking Ville Franche, which induced the SpMi- 
ish General to withdraw all his troops into his intrenched camp at 
Le Boulon, on the Tech. Dagobert, who had lost his prestige after 
the battle of Truillas, disgusted at his want of success, resigned the 



command and returned to the Cerdagtie, and making an incumion 
from Puyoerda, bombard«;d and pillaged tlio SpaniMh town of Cam- 
pre^on. General Daousti who Hucceuded him, in order to signalize 
tho new command, made an attnnk, on the Srd of October, on the 
camp at Hoiilon, but was repulMod by Vivos and Palafox ; and 
tlie following dav anothiT attack was rupulsed by General Solano. 
Ho now detormmed on a night attack, the 14th — 16th, and about 
midnight presented himself before the Spanish force at I'la-del- 
Reyi where Driga<Uer Taranco commanded, with four battalions. 
The night was favoiirablu for concealing the weakness of the force 
attacked, but Taranco put himself vigorously to his work and de- 
fended his intrenchtnents by the aid of his artillery with much spirit. 
A concurrent attack had been made on General Coiirten,on the right 
of the camp, but HicardoH, convinced that the attack on Taranco was 
the serious (»ne, merely sent to his aid the Walloon guards and some 
squadrons of cavalry. Seven times the French attacked Courton and 
were repulsed, and General Daoust, convinced that ho had lost every 
advantage of a surprise, withdrew after a horrible carnage, and 
revenged himself by cannonading the camp at Doulon for two or 
three days without any success whatever. After these failures of 
tho republicans, Daoust was deposed from his command, which waa 
given to General Thurn^nu. 

The noxt attempt against the Spanish army, was a suggestion of 
one of the comnnssaries (Fabre), namoly, a ooup de main upon the 
Spanish fort of Rosas : for this purpose three columns of brigades 
under Delatre, Raymond, and Clausscl, were sent across the moun- 
tains to combine in an attnok upon tho enemy's camp on the Spanish 
tide of the Pyreneen, at Kspolla. Neither General Thurreau nor 
Dagobert would incur the rcsponsibilitv of such an undertaking, 
and tho commissaries recalled General I)aoust, who sot off on this 
expedition on the 20th of October. Delatre whs, however, the only 
one of the three who reached his destination, where he found Arias 
in command of tho camp, and completely on his guard. The Spanish 
General was soon joined by Generals Cngigal and Belvis, who drove 
back the republicans an<i hastily pursued them to the mountains. 
At tlie same time, in order to draw off the attention of the Spaniards, 
General Dagobert hitd been summoned from La Cerdagne to Thuir, 
and was now sent forward to fall on Ceret, while the enemy's 
camp at Uoulon was caimonaded in front. Ho arrived before tlio 
town of Ceret at snven in the morning, and headed by tho com- 
missary Cassayne, " aussi enti)t(5 (|ue brave," tho French dashed 
into the town pell-mell, just as thoso who had been left to defend 
it were retiring; but another colunm which had advanced at the 
same time on Cabanas, had been met and defeated by the Marquis 
do Ompigny and the Mar(}iiis de TruxtUo, who now rallying the 
fugitives from the ti)wn, returned upon tho French and drovo them 
awav. (ienoral Dagobert had become so thonmghly disgusted with 
the interference of tlie commissaries, that he solicited his recall, and 
had tho b(ddness to appeal to the justice of the Committee of 
Public Safety against them. '^ L'opiniou, lus plans dos reprtfsentans 



170 WAE DT THE PYEENKES. [aJ). 

Fubre et Gaston, Bont>il8 done comme I'arche du Seignenr, qn'on ne 
Baiirait toucher du doigt sans 6tre frapp^ du mort t" General Tbor- 
reau also was replaced by General Doppet, of whom it was remarked 
by Robespierre, that if he wanted military experience, he had at all 
events zeal and enterprise. The new General observing on his 
arrival at the command that the Spanish camp at Boulon had but 
one bridge of retreat across the Tech, and that the season had now 
greatly swelled the river, determined to destroy it, and for that pur- 
pose ordered General Solbcaudair to attack it on the side of St. 
FeiTol. At the same moment, however, Ricardos had meditated 
a surprise on the French detachment at St. Ferrol, and had ordered 
the Count de la Union with 7000 or 8000 men to advance against it. 
Both armies, therefore, wei*o in motion towards each other without 
knowing it. On the morning of the 26th of November Solbeauclair 
found Ceret defended only by some Portuguese, who fled after a 
faint I'Dsistance ; but La (Jnion coming up to their assistance, sent 
forward the Spanish guards under Don Philip Viana, who fell npta 
the French at the point of the bayonet, and drove them back into 
their camp at St. Ferrol, taking from them three French batteries. 

Ricardos resolved on the 7th of December to return the visit to 
his adversary in his camp at Villelongue ; he reinforced Conrten at 
Montesqniou with this object to 8000 men, who advanced at six in 
the morning, and marching with great secrecy surprised the ooU 
posts, and at the same moment fell upon the enemy in four columns, 
all of whom amvcd nt the same moment at their destinations, and 
without firing a shot charged with the bayonet ; the French fled befbrs 
the Spaniards mto the village, where they were encountered by the 
Spanish cavalry, who drove them even to Argeles. Ricardoe having 
thus again succeeded, resolved to clear the right of his poeitioa on 
the side of Collioure altogether. The enemy were posted at the 
Col de Bagnos. He accordingly sent Courten across the mountains 
to his camp at Espolla, and from thence en the 14th advanced by 
six or seven passes, while Ituriu[array with the S|>auish cavalry was 
directed to appear in the plains about Argeles. The plan was 
hazardous, and it might have been preferable if the attack had been 
wholly made from the latter side, which must have seriously com- 
promised the French division in the Col de Bagnos ; ncveriheleaa it 
succeeded fully, and General Deiatre was driven out of the pass upon 
Port Vendre with the loss of 300 prisoners and twenty guna. A few 
days later, when General Cuesta found himself in command in the 
absence of Courten, he observed that the ground in rear «»f Cullioure 
might favour an enterprise if appixMiehed by three difiicult piaaea. 
He accordingly ordered Castrillo, Solano, and Or tig t«> take the com- 
mand of three columns against General Delatre's division, penned up 
between these " Cols " and the sea. The three defiles were earned^ 
and the French fled away to the ])rotection of the strong placet of 
Collioure, St. Klmo, and Port Vendre. Sokmo forthwith summoned 
St. Klmo, which capitulated. Ortig did tlie same and succeeded at 
Port Vendre. Cuesta then boldly mai-ched at nigiit against Collioure 
at the head of three battalions armed with torches as if to bum and 



3.] WAR IN THE PTEEHEES, 



I 



uwult the plnce, and it iIbd «nrrendercd iin the SSrd. Notlimg 
I could liBTe heen better Ihui liie whole eiiler)iriae, which did (jrvat 
D houDur to all llie Spanisb ^enieruls empln^ed. Ilie French re^ire- 

■ tratative Fnbre, in oiiu uf these eucouiiters, bnvely defended the 
B pound >t tlie hv&tl uf the French enlunins, «id met » glurioua denth. 
n GctwtrI OeUtre, lew fartunnte, wu sent to «xi>iate his defeat uu the 

■ BeafTnld. 

Di>p|iet now received orden lo send I&,0fl0 men to the usietuioe 
at Touluii: but in order to tave IiIb Avmy in the immediile face 
uf an cDtMDy from tbe Hiipi-ch ended conieqiiciiceB uf sucli n re- 
duoClon, he delennined lo allBek the S|>anii>h anny cm the lOth of 
Iteoenilier with a [lortiiin of hia force, wliile the lent witlidi'ew nn 
Parpi^nan. He made lis attacli frnui the aide of Villeloiigue with 
the brigade of Laterrade, whtre he was met by Arias and tlie first 
Portngueae rei;inien( of Opurtu, who, rapidly assuming the uHrnaive, 
drove them book acroiw the Tceh end into tlie CDiixp at Baniculs- 
les-Aspres. Duppel, ovtroomo with fever and fiilipie, was forced to 
retire on account of liis health lo Perpignau, and Daouat agaiu took 
the cuinniuid. Kicardoa lost no time iu sending furward the Marqtiis 
de laa Amnrillaa with GODD men to attack the French in their new 
ciunpB, while Generals Forbee nnd Taranco menaced the ri|;ht flunk 
with live batlalioua, and the cavalry was sent acroaa the Tech at 
UrlatTa to menace the left. These attacks made on the £3nd with 
spirit soon forced back the republicans, ali'eady diaheartened by their 
failures, and reduced (o QOOO men, who took up a puutiun near to 
Perpignan, while the Spaniards occupied aa much of Kousillou as 
they desired. lUoBrdoB very justly gained great hoiiuor in this cam- 
paign, hut ahortly after sunk under the fatigues of it, dying at Madrid 
on the (ilh of March, 1794, sincerely lami^nted by the whole Spanish 
people. It is but just to remark that the Spaniah army never sliuwed 
better maCuHal either in men or officera than at this period of their 

In the Wcatem Pyreueea Don Veatura Caro with 24,000 men de- 
fended the great cbauasi^ across the Bidassoa at Ymn ; his right 
rested ou the hills of Gimmisssri and tbe mountain La Rhuue, where 
the Count de Uii-utia was intrenched in a, camp about Berra. The 
centre under tile Mari^uiii de la Itonuma was in the principal oncamp- 
■iient at St. Martiid, with an advanced post across the river at Diriatu. 
Posts were cBtahlished at the Col de Maya and Eohalan tu watch any 
descent that miglit be attempted into the valley uf Bsstan, and • 
corps of 7000 or BIHKI men defended the pasa of llunceBvalles, 
Deapres-Crosaier commanded the republicans, and although he ro- 
ciignized the strength of the Spanish position defended by formidable 
wiirks, yut the commissariea of the Convention as usual uri;ed an 
attempt which it waa impossible either to effect ur refase. Up the 
2Bth uf August an advance wua made upon the detached force of 
Biriatu. Caro, sufficiently prepared, had strengthened this camp 
with additional breastworks and a reiutorciinitM. s^ ■»«»«& >aira.- \ 

tpMiiiea of gnaadimt, Romana liiaveVj Ttaawai *it ■M-\w^, »^i- \ 
10( OBij' Bucceaefullf defeuded Iho (OSt, Wl. \ivTOwM iis»aJ»^ ■»» 



BtES8 OF TDULO^f. [A.D. 

leir camp Cklled Dei 
The simultwieoiu ntUelc apno 
Id* left of Ibo piwltion Kt Beirs by Willul, biiiI upon Urnitia equilljr 
biM. u did niiatlMr aniiiiit GenenU Drdax and Zn^ramundi on 
t1w7tl>o(SM>pt"inbar. TI>UB matlers remalaed to ihi- oud irf tha 
jFoar. whiah snabled Ckni to sond away a dWisiun uf 70110 nun kbont 
the middle oF October to reinforce IliciirdoB, nnd to eompeiuata (or 
their abHCce ibe intTen«limciit« aJiout all ibe Spanish pocu tvero, 
b]r the prudmce and energy uf Itia Geueral cooimaadiug, put inu a 
more perf*ci condiUon of defence. 

37. WiB ON THB iTlLUn PBOXTIER. 

The Piedmnnlese hail at letifrtji been ninied by the diminiilMl 
feram in their fnmt to make ■ tnovenient in advanee on tha eide 
of Moiit Olaaci Uis plan uf tlie camiiaiEa was to dri>o back iha 
FrMwh (mm the valleys of the A re and the Isere. Thia alTanM an 
•KCUM to Kellennanu to leave the aie/fa iif Lyon* that wai dk»laa(fc 
hil to liim, in ardnr to repel a fnreigu aggraftwr; acciirdiiigly )■• 
■ava ever ihs o»nduol of the array hufare Lyun*'tii Ooneral Uuisn/. 
The Daks d« MonlfBrtat on tho Hde of Mount Ceiiis, and Unwnl 
OardiM on tha eide of the Maurienne, hidalrendy InvadeilthvotHiDli; 
on the 14th of Angust, anil had carried Ibe post of St> MnnriM aad 
the IntTWieliod eamp of St. Martin ; they were now preparins M 
attack ConHaiu and Aignobelle. The Dahe de MoniCormt ontMf 
MutodGflneral Bagdelonno at Seeg and Morliere on the 15ib and 
IBih. UaUarmann naiiei the populaiian of this dbtriet vlio atM 
HMM fk*HilMbla to Franiw, and by Ihew mcani got eeviHi nr cij^ 
kMWIona Into ItD* at Honlmeillar, then wiaely Kiting the «T«la- 
j((a tM«t of VaUolra Mme upon (jordun on tna Ittli of S«|it«aitar 
M AqcMltJnaa, and IhrealaiinR (hat denenl'i ftanh, threw a tanvr 
Into ti\» Sardiniaiw fay opotiing upon it fnnn the melia of SL 
Alban ume nmautain Riinn whicli the French •nldtem had ovnerf 
vp by (heir peiaonM iitrength. He again earns np with the Mwm; 
•a liia 4th of Ootobor at the pwit of St. Maan«e, and waa mntt 
Mabled Id land this report to tbe ConTontion. whieh ie a gnod ftti- 
men nf tbo InflaMd itylo of thia period: "La Moni BJano a tU 
entahi par dw (orcM aup^ricurra: lo Moot Blanc eat £<aat* ••■ 
juurd'hui. l.'nipuMon dee SaTnyard* du terrlloir* du Mont tllaaa 
lanr ■ onAl^ 8000 huninuw et un« inimeniw quantity d'atjpint." '' 
oannot b« denied that tliis oapcditinn did |;r>-BC hunonrlo KhHcti 
who with a (nrev not excee^n)! 12,000 men, haiitity got tojuvtlwri 
back la.OW Sardinlane from their own valleys. 

3S, Siuia OF Toulon — lioNAPtan Ciiikt or AktiujckT. 

TIip poaaeMon of Lyoiu, and the advantanea that KellermaiiD had 
obtained lo Savov (which, it in^y he remarked in pauinn. nbly JoM 
aaved him ftom the niieerlis iutonded fur him by the commhaai hi 
of the Convantinn, and avantually reatuied him lo oummaad), Ml 
IBfiOit man di«]iii»lile ; and, accordingly, (ivneral Doiipat with 
inflM nan waa imniioliattdy urdored to niareli bir Tuwon. ttm 



sixsi or TOPUHi. 173 

GeDtnl Cartetax hsd becm xat bj Kattamiiow wHh ui 
~ ~ and 400 bnnm kgiutwe MirMiiles, *b«t> tlia garrttna tai 
' - ikni pn« at tha suda at Put Sc EafrU, OBdirt 
ne D'ArhaiKl. fXi ih> ruTivll sf CiirtMX, tM» 
lief ntired Iwrhind (he Dnnncv, tn > ponttni dM ■»» mil Un 
mA (rom ManeUlM to L}"ian, Hiwn k« i mr imlwd hiiimlf Bar* 
> was >It>d»d rm the iSch of AniiuiiE. lod ilehBtml, mhiA i—lilii 
tnoDX to eniR UannllH th» bhi da;. Th* 6nnml kad m 
oaer ottain(d pnaMaHon of il, ihm he pripavad to MMnr* Tastaa 
» tn tho Repablic The <ipiHi uf itiiuffKtIoa whtch hMl M 
inelsU}! dislurtled Ihe mtenal prntiiie« at France al Ilii* pariDd, 
ut Bxteodnl lo Ihe gmt MeililerraDeaB port of Toahw, and (a lb* 
Wt in the hartmnr. Thia eiinaiBUd nf wvwHeBQ mil nf the tin*, 
mij Air >ea, besHlrs atxMl laaleen othen btrildiiii;, rapairiu, iir 
AKitlfl in the Amkr and anr-mli ; iJl ander iha namuDd of iIm 
mate de Tngoff, a Maaneh mTalifl. On iba ligiil of a Briliah Bed 
Itweii(jr.ane«a<lnribelinc, under Vice- AdmiraT Lord Hood, «faieb 
jpfMUad in Iha olBag entheSSrdof AogDal.(no(eininwd-iDeT«caine 
It to the ■■ Victory," Lord Kond'a tlig'iifaip, to treat f»r Iha cns- 
IliDBal narcDder of the p«n and ibiiiping to the BriTiah. The 
Motatti'iiw hating prOTcd Rteceaafol. Lbid Hond, at noen nn the 97th, 
rdered IMO aoldien who wen on bninl the fleet aud MO mariiMa 
od MUDCD fa be buided M Fnrt Laimilque, trnder Cs^itaio the 
lonunnbl* Georfe Keitb E)phiimi>nF. In the aftemoiin a Sfiaiiiah 
m nil, under Kear-Adminl Granna, hmre in aight. 
Admiral, on ihe 38lh, ordered the while flag ti> be 
noted and I^iiic XVII. to be prncLaimed ; and appointed Reir- 
iminU Ooiidall Gaiemor of Toalim, and the Spanish Admiral 
rarina Commandam of all the troops. On Ihe 2Sib llie republieaD 
Eoeral Cai'teani pushed his advaneed foard to Ollioulee, * bere he 
Mated bimaelf adrajita|;eDiuly at a bridge, vilh Ivo pieces of 
%>DDiHi. Captain EJpIiintitoiie acting ai GoTemor of Fort Ismalque, 
&i the comniaDd n( all the troopa on that aide iJ Toulon, immediately 
«n bearing of CaTteaox'a adTance, set olf with 300 British and 
'*a Bwne number of Spanish in iho direction of OUioulcs. With 
to tarae Elphinatime atlacked the French with great •iguor, made 
* ennay withdraw from their post, leaving their cannon, &c., m 
m hands of the conquernni. The pint of Lamalque, at two leagues 
Mn Touliin, gOBrdcd a paas betttuen a difficult defile that formed 
^e onlj praelicable passage for artillery to advance to Toulon from 
Aie aide of Museilles, and was BmoBtinipartantpo^eutiDn. Captain 
Soughu, of tlie lllh, and about twenty men, fell in this attach, 
%hieli waa corapUtely aucctssful and very creditable to ElphintUine. 
{hiring the month of September the increaaiug iiuinber of Cnrteaux's 
rtOJ ou the west and General lapoype's on tite east, kept (he allied 
Mta in a state it constant alarm ; but Brigadier-Gencml Lord Mul- 
ra*e had now arrived at Toulon, and had taken on himself Ihe 
}preB>a miliOay cummand. k Btitnig Tc^vAiVteui -^wv^ 'b«^ '-w. 
a (own and shipping had shown iW*M, \ui*Bicr,»sA.*wi'^«*«^ \ 
—"-1/ toaad it iiecKBeary W shiB oH MWKJ lA ^i ^o««- t:*»**™^ 



Kndl 






174 SIEOB OP TODDOK. [a.D. 

with Renr- All mint St. Julien, in fuur of Ihe maul imiwrviwTiW* at 
the Frnirh aliifin, and nent tham awaj' to Knoliefort nnd Hrrxl. <in 
th* 18th the rvpablicnn tnxip* opened bHttcnn u)Hin the ■hippiojli 
when (iMtlng hittniei mnuntlnK 1on|t 34-ponn(leri wtn trmii 
inlnM thnni, which with t}ia Are of aoine of Ihe large ahlp* kipt 
Uiem Id ehnlt. but with much hwi io ibe Qritiali. On Ih* 30lli 
(he wwmy availeil himulf of a lliiek log, and ([ot pniMHfnii 
of Famti, an Sin|ionaiit piwt above the tnwn, ogeiiplpd by a da- 
'-~^I^•nl iiT Snaiifairdii, but I^nl MulgniTe InauBiinited hi« cnn)> 
id by dri*iiiK the oneniy baak tnini thonee with gmat nmnn) 
■p)ril,Bnd retook thin p">l. On llieniubtntlhumhor OnMilwU 
n-Kolvvil tn attempt llie dentninliiin of ths bnttflriue that llM 
>y lind i-rret«d bi meniuMi tht> ihlppinii id the mail. A drtaab- 
. i)f Urltiih anmmandod by Limtenuit Colniiel NiiKiiut, amnnnl- 
' ' ID Spiniarils and tialinnig led by a farlora 



whloh the awallanU llkewin fareed their way, and hnviiiK rondared 
Iha ipin* umI*m, relumed ti> ijuarten wilh iwi> ofllHre nnd tw«iiCy> 
llAe* men priaonen. The narniw paths and ruiflod pmcijileea by 
whloh tlietrwipa hail todiwMiid,a1(iii» prevented them fruni bringlDi 
the Bune aim away with Ihem. 

The olt« and Hibarln ot Toiiinn occupy a cirpiimrerenre of neariy 
llfteiin inlln, and bi diffund thie the total amiiiiiil of Itrlliih tronpn In 
and aliout the pni-t amonnied only la SI 1 4 nm^ mu] IiU; Imi ihei« 

were aom* HOOD Neapiillian trimpe, aiiH III i.^'n 11)11.1 m". to- 

gather with wmo Frenah royaltnle and fS|Mi ■ niira 

R>roe to cnnalM ot nearly 17,01)0 mnn, <'i - ' ' < ' 'n") "nly 

were fit for dutyt and on the 3and i-t ">: ' iliira 

arHvfld l(ieofflmand ihe wholo wlili ihe uiimiii.-.-.n... .,1 (nm-iuut and 
Commnnrliir '>t thn FiirwiH nt 'I'liiilmi. 

TownrdH the vwl of Niiv,iiiil>"i' (leiienl Diiffommtor was InnaUd 
with the iviiiiiiiiiiid of tlm ri'piiiiliiviii iw-i-K'iiB nrmy. eonrpo«iid irf 
Sfi.OOO fi 30,IM10 mrn, «( uliotn otm-iliird wi'n- iii»liw'i|>liu.>d rnumlla. 
Ho h»d pid'iiy I'f iiriilliTy wiili liim. l-.it uhh ■,i,„H „r ,m„v.I,i-. «l,iuh 
very nniph iMiiypd Id* pn Iii>.-' ![■ 'l-'ul.il ili" i.iniv into 



■towKl tliP odiiT on Gcnci'nl I.ni' 
marah rroin La Valettu agiiliiit < 1 
wlUi the othai' an allaok wns to I 

B of Aretiea and Piiit 

t. On 
a battery of < 

Of arllilery whu eommalidi-d on tilia ocriuilnii waa no Irn a Mm 
than Napoioiin Bonaparte, at thie (inie cli«r ile bauilinn In D 
artillery, but who, by the assidpnl of hii lupirlor havinf baaii 

diaabled at the affair nf Ollioulcn, wan at the moment " — 

t&» trtllhry nf lh» rieffi. It U reltiWdt l\«"t mv ^Vi\»_ 




BIBOB OF TOULON. 175 

ktMry, ta whom bo replied, with tho spirit we aliuuld havo ox- 
hia character, " Melei vnuB de votre metier do re- 
Ikiuex mai hire Is mien d'anilluur: cetts batterie 
it JB rdpuiiils du auccea." Tlie battery in truth luc- 
ell, that it greatly Bnnnyed tlie guTiaDn of the Fort 
, and even reached the town with aonie of their ahellB, 
J much endangering the arsensl. Geoeral O'Hiirs, thererure, 
btermineil lo »lt8ck it, and try to briug Kway or deatniy Ibrui eaus ; 
coonlinftly, on the 30th of Nuvember, at dHybreak, the Britiah and 
^^^ ■ tmo[«, to the number of 2000, under Majnr.Genem] 

Bed the rijer Lae, eepnraled iota two diviaioua, one of 
riilcb descended into the valley nt Pietaillna, and tlie other, led by 
ieutenont Grahnni, aurpi'laed liini) men af the enemy in poaaeninn of 
LS battery on the hill of ArcJiea, and spiked the guns \ but instead 
it forming cm the nuoiniit, the troopB, in their inipetuiiHty, pashed 
— , hoping to he able to carry the next aniinence, and indeed a 
:* of them had very nearly roaolied tlia great ebauMsie of Ollianles, 
kbM« tiie aiege-park had been placed. Dugnmiiiier, ou heorin;; the 
" ' \, Tuahed tn the spot, and rollyini; aoiue of his troops slopped 
ns progress of the Msaihuils, who were uew compelled not ooly to 
tr m tlleir tui-n, but tn relinquish the pooseBBion uf the battery they 
■Mwon with 10 much raluur. Geuernl O'Ham coming up at the 
Ime, and p«rcoiving the disorder of the troo|ie, was haiteniug to 
MKira order, when he received ■ wound which strrtchcd him nn 
jba ground, *nd was moue s prisoner. Dugumniier also rsueived two 
Mandii,iin the knee and ai-ni, but with belter fortims woa not ]ilaced 
W Ibem Wa de aimbat. Tlie loss of the BHliah in Ihia attack was 
ibont 100 killed and wounded, and 100 priauners. 

Dugommier nnw nnolved to await the arrival of eight liattiJions 
lliat General Laliarpe was expected to he bringing up from tlie army 
)l ths Var, BDtl upon tlieir arrival he mode a general reconiinis- 
■me of the defences, in company with the chief engineer and or- 
tOnry offioera, Marescot and Bonaparte, They perceived that an 
rtteropi must ha made to take the two princi|«l forta, one called 
Port Pamn, and the other iudisciiminately Fort Mulgrave, Petit 
Bibraltar, de I'Egnillette, and Redaul>le Ani>luse. Tliis latter was 
daeed on a hei^Vit near the villuge of La Sehie, formiue tlie key at 
I line of works Uiat protected a camp, in whiah were fiOflO Spaniards 
~ i 700 British, under the command of Captain Conolly, of the 
lb rsgiment. The fort waa n^vet^ with Btonc, flanked by many 
rki, and surrounded with palisades and ahattia: nuvertlieless, it 
a thoaghl that it might be elurmrd in a night attack, if at tlie 
a« tinie ihnt the real attempt bIiouM be made, strong dtver- 
_..DB should be directed against tile Hanking forta, to keep them 
bota acting in favour of the beaiesed. Five batteries were likewise 
used by the republicaiia on the I4th, and armed with artillDry lo 
our into the forts assailed. 

On the Di^'lit of the 16th— Hlh o( DaoBroVw/wi 'fit* laj&J.'t ••'v 
ona, (Aunder, and ligiitning, the iliviaioim ot \jitea.tt6 mA'^Ssm™ \ 
oanaed agninsi Fort rEguillelte, wW\o GeQeCT\\».-?'>-i'S» ■**»**^'*^ 



176 eiKOK or toui.os. [i.d- 

Fort Fuwn. Labarr> knil Virloi" ahnuld have advaiiDrU aipunil 
dtffDnmt fiOM or ihi' tonniT work, but iu the cdiirimlon tliey met U 
f[oib<iruppuBliatlii)(iiiii>n nil dor B cruel Arc of ■nuikelrj' aiiti MEllltm, 
Mid wen luat«nt1> hd forwai'J up ih* hill ■« which iha fort tutaik 

Ihalr prewiiue and aaainjilu. Tlieli- Hrat Aitcinpt WM iiiiauovM 
but M loiiKili tlie men KUEOMidiid In aaalating ">>• aniilli>r on I 
•houldan anil in niihliiK tlimii^li til* umlirwiirM al tUd nowl *l 
tha plaoo*, and in tliia wnj' nnd viitli freali iiKin oontlnualJjr liniN|hr 
forward to awlat in (hn attack tliKy j;nt pusM-ntioo of tlis wiirlli ml 
not until 3000 of t1i<- uriKhml OOOU lliat lind aumprlaDi) tba |ir> 
rlun. Mid Gonri'iil Vioii.i. iiml n i;niii iiihiij rt'publiouna wen p~* 

kort dt tamhat. Ai; ■■( Ivir c;.-ii .kiI l,ii|>o)pp ndvanovd la li 

colurana; tlio fori y^\•^ »< II <l' i'lM^tl, lohI lIiu mvka hurlad den 
on tlia aKwUiiig cijiiniiu. lui iIli\ hukI'- goud ilmir uiitnuiM and 
took It; the <il\mr, Mx.;-\.,\ .,„ lIk' I'l.a <ln Uldot, fiiond ' 
ftnat ao wuaklj' KiianUnI ihue th-iy got poaiKiaaloii iif it witlMI 
the I'lat III a inaii, aiiit khiii mndei'od tlie riirtlier Hrv froRi badi 
fort* unavailabln. Aiiotliai- dnIaoliiiiDnt want forward to Fort St 
Andrj, which tliay aim iwiiwd, AH tliln look pUou in tha ei> 
uf tlia night, and at dayliglit ih* tri<<ulDUr«d lUg waa seen v> tj 
upon all lime furia. Thus wna the Britinli line of darunce btdua 
Id upon at it* two rnoBt easeniiBi points, and tha aliljia in tin 
hATbuur anil the town itaelf uverawed hy tha vvry CBDiion whidi 
had bven mounted fc>r llidr pisiivcllLin. Many of llib alilpa wut 
obliged immediatDly to uiiin'inr and ink a anfor poiltlun. 

In thia alata nf thiniia a chiiiil'U of wnr wua held In the nlliod oainr, 
wherelu It wna malvi-d nniiniinoualy tlut Tonlon miuit now ta 
Bvacuatad. Ordera w»ru iiruiirdingly aeiit Iu tha ti'oopH tn mainlalB 
their poataaa firmly aa pnasible, while tliu i«i]Uiiilbs ari'Hnj;uni»aUi fur 
umbarlintiun should ba inmlu. TIih Muaimliuiia at Miillii>ua<)OBt did 
ttot amiit tha dedaiun of the aoiiiiRil i>r war, lint, whilu it wan aata- 
ally Bitting, went away ipuoniininuiily : the reat wars witbdrawu by 
degt^eca and concentrated about Fgrt Lamalque, rmdy tu vmban 
tiia moment tho flnnflAgrBtian of tlie Bhippiiii; in ttio port ahonid 
Blrnal tlii'ir wlthdntwoL The itnpuriant at-rviao or deativyiug t]w 
ahipa and magaiinca, whivh waa ouv at Di'eat daiigiT, wna en- 
truated tn Captain air Sidney Smllh, wlia excculrd it with a 
reaolutiou nnd a degree of order niid prBoialuu that waa mutl 
marvelluua, Shot and ahell tnim the forta in the poaBuaaloQ of ika 
enamy ware (wuHully plun);od into the very ai-aenal, but tant- 
nataly had the eHbet of alarming and aending off tlia gallay al»vg*, 
who oould ulheFwine have riaeu a)^iuat tlie bHtlah, At tari o'akwk 
In tha niglit uf the ISth— lath the trahu leading tn the ditTonnt 
manBinva and iitorfihuuua wero on a preooooertod ai^jual igniMdi 
A £«-Bhip had been towed by tha boatii under Captain Cliarlaa Ifatra 
into tile bawn, and in a fvw hours gavo uut her contanta of lot, 
Mploi^an, And that. TIid tlainei ucQiidea. m utm^c 'gKndAUF, and 
4t M/ghl of them a oryanwein tlio rovwV>\\cii.n»i™*s,iig\\\aiBB.'C«i*!i " 
OhieA to lead litem al ouce to the wiaaulv o^ X\w!Vc vaOftVaw wwrn?]. 



lorkbcl uid 



17a3.] NATAL WAR. 177 

The rapiil Bpread at Uie fire unturlutiati'ly bud open to view all wbo 
werewJing in llimperilcuBilmy, and ilie pneiuy'ii bMterieBwore tliua 
enablcil lo opea u|h>ii dutinct objecU in vrvry quartor wiili df«<lly 
nBcot, viiea auddealjr & trsmcudaua ex|ilaiiioQ, wholly imrxpdolwli 
■■ed all into silence loi autav mionm, arcer which the fiting r«- 
aonnieiiccd na oiery aide. Adniinl Laoganx bad nndertHkeo tb« 
dMlructluo of the Khipa lu tha Laain, and lo acuttls and nuk Uia iwo 
pcmduT vcHcIl, but iu timir baal]' and preniauire retreat trma the 
Mrricc that tlicj' had undertaken to perform, tlie SpanUrda, inttead 
of arutllUig her, lireil the " Ihi" frigate, laided with suiipi>wdU| and 
tliix bad caiisfd [1>» exiilcwictti. wliich did iinmenae mLohief, but WW 
bsppily iinnecotiipiiiiinl wUh much lun of hfa. A second i«wder 
u " Montrrnl." exploded aubiKt|UBnII]r willi a eon- 
po ihsn ib« lint. 

iiieiii of ibe ooutlBgntiDn of ih« shipping had been 
iicuating tha place, and tlie whiJe of the triinpa 
ere 'in hoard iIm fleol by daylif^bt on the morning 
uf the lillh, wllhcmt tlia lou of a man. The dwtnution of the afaipa 
laalnra would bava been wnre conipleu- but for tba blno- 
r Ifeaehery i>t the Spanturdi, and (he punllaulmana HTght 
of the NeapdlUaiia j but llio lutal number tif veaola taken ur do- 
Btruynl by tlw Ui-itiiih wa» eiglitcf n of the line, nine frigates, altd 
sloven oiirrettea. Tbo Are did not reaeli.orat least did Uo( materially 
'ujnre tightoiberahipa, neither did the voaaela on tba alonk* tak* tin 

o any extenli Willi mpoci to the buildiun, tlio uwller Bton^- 
lioU8i.<B only were ouniumad ; ilie grand magaxmr, Lo Gntnd Ilaninui, 
altd (liD rope-walk cavcped tlie ravagw of tliu llanieti. The Frcacb 
amij' ontun-d the town at early inominfc, and thtar linu caro was to 
BXLtnguiali ibe flamcB ; but all ttliu kouw t!iu bio-rur* uf an BHHiBlt 
inuM Im prepared for some of the aceui'a Ibal fuiliiw«di whidl *• 
huwEver, ■(^ravaied by the barbarity of the commUaariai. " 
iu'4t do tooa les habitans fat nriiwinC par 1e Comitil do Saiul 
public aVH* la d^moliiioii de la ville." I'rcueh writers aay, lliat 
when the British vulered Toulun the town cunUlilled 38,000 soi ' 

A that a few w»ks after they quilled it lliere were but 'AOO Is __ 

It it was thought that nearly is,000 oscapt-d unhurt on board the 

rbiali fleet and boata. 

" The laat proponinn uf the defenders of Toulon were men fron: 
I the fleet; whether as artillerists in the batteries, or musketeots ii 
tlM field, they cuntributvd their ud alwaya with cbeorfuluess, and 
Davar without effect. Their skill aud bruvery in action, not Iras than 
fboir alreugih and activity in (he laiuiy laborioua duties incident ' 
ft Mrtioe so full rif diflicultics and dang^ra as the mie they bad ei 
gaged in. nflorded a theme of pittise aud admiration to all who had 
•oen their exertions, and wituecsed their undaunted courage'." 
SB. Nav*l Wia. 

DnHng the time that Toulon remained >n llna v™"**»^™' * i 

allied forme, a Curnudable insurrection \iroV6 oiix m Oatevei. i^^aa* 



178 KATAL WAE. [a.D. 



the republican government of France, and General Paoli 80U|(ht the 
aid of the English, assuring Lord Hood that even a few ships of 
war off the island would greatly assist the popular cause. Accord- 
ingly, in the month of September, Commodore Linzee was dispatched 
with three ships of the lino and two frigates, and stood across for San 
Fiorenzo, when on the iHt of October a force was landed for the 
attack of the town and redoubt of Forneilli, but owing to some 
mistake as to a rango of the guns, and to a want of co-operation on 
the part of Paoli's adherents, the expedition failed of any result 
The offers of the Commodore did not persuade, neither did his force 
intimidate the gamsoiis. 

In a week or two after the declaration of war against England, a 
French squadron under Rear-Admiral Sercey had been dispatched 
from Brest to the West IndicH, and a fleet of twenty-one sail of the line 
and four frigates, under Vice- Admiral Morard-du-Gallis, had assem- 
bled about the same time in Quiberon Bay. The necessity on tbe 
part of England of dispatching squadrons to stations at a distance 
from home, occasioned some delay ere a British fleet could be got 
ready of sufficient strength to cope with these hostile preparations. 
It was not indeed till the 14th of July that Admiral Lord Hows 
could set sail from St. Helen's with the Channel fleet of fifteen sail of 
the line and a few frigates and sloops, and in tho mean while, on the | 
19th of June, the first encounter between ships of war had oocuned > 
in the Channel, when the ** Nymph," 'S6, Captain Edward Pellew, cap- | 
tured the '* Cl<5(>patro," 40, Captain Mullon, an officer of considerable j 
distinction and promise. The ships descried one another at day- 
break and came at once to blows ; a furious action forthwith com- 
menced, the two frigates running before the wind within ratlier leas 
than hailing distance of eacii other ; after about half an hour's coo- 
test, the mizen-mast and wheel of the French ship were shot away, I 
and tho two ships got foul of each other, when the '* CltfopAtre," | 
having been thus r(?ndercd unmanageable, was boarded by the | 
'* Nymph's" crew, and in ten minutes the tri-coloured pendant was | 
hauled down, and the French frigate submitted, having, after an | 
action of eighty minutes, lost her truly gallant captain killed, and > 
her three lieutenants all wounded. Captain Mullon was the inventor 
of the code of signals then uHod along tho French coast, and had 
always a copy of it in one of his pockets ; during his short death- 
agony he thought of its destruction, and drew out a paper, which be 
ern)neously supposed the right one, and died biting it to pieces. The 
code remain(>d in his pocket, and was found of considerable senriee* 

The British lO'-gun brig ** Scourge," Captain Brisac, eaptnred, oo 
the 1 3th of March, after an action of three hours, the French pri- 
vateer **Sans Culottes," and on the 14th of April the aqnadlroii 
under Rear-Admiral GcU captured a Spanish galleon under French 
colours, and another privateer called ** General Dumouriez." On the 
13th of May the ** his," 32, brought to action the frigate '*Citoy' 
enne/* 32, but the former losing all her three mssts was conpalled 
to let her adversary go, whose masts, though much cut by 8het,weie 
all standing, but who now hauled to the wind and escaped. On the 



F1793.] (JATAI. WAK. 

L'X7(Ii of Hay the "Veniis" >aU "Semillaiite" eump b 
'toohanged broailsideB with na ronult. In the nme 
'■'HjeliB," 94, CapUln William Har^Dad, 1 



noil til the 
! off 



lioU, fell in with "La Cottcnrde,' afngateaf 40gui»,auilarter 
e and aiiiriied conflict, the Britiih Caplain fan uhliged In 
ler. On the Sist of July the Bdtlah friute ■■ Boston," 33, 
, Qiptain Coorteniiy, engaged liy invitation oat of New Yurli Harbour 
I the French Trijiatii " L'EaibiiBcade," 32, Captain Biiin]inrt ; after 
Kan animated tire the Engliih frigate lust aomo of ber iniuita and 
1 rigging, her captain and other i^filceni were Icillcd, and lier first 
I Llanlenant, Edwards, though hadiy wuuuiieil, lonk onninaiid of the 
Aip, and ynt it befure the wind under all the saii he could ael. The 
■"nod* mgate, wliieh was nearly as urippliirl ai the EiiBllah, stood 
■ " "oston," but could nut (jot up with her, and (hoy Boon 
91 aieht of each other. On the 19th of Oetiibcir the 
.BritiBh bif-nte " CivBceut," 33, Cuptain Jalnus Snuniarex, Iniil wait 
Bitr Cape Barfleur for tlie French frigate " Reunion," 33, Cnptaia 
■ y. A. Denian, who was wen coming in trom the Heawnrd at day- 
~ wk of the SOlb. A apiriled action enaueil, in whinh both frigalel 
St their masts and yard^ but after a ImiTB oiufliut of two boun 
e '• Reunion," having beciiroe utterly defeneeleffl, struck her 
Oobiirs : fur iIiib action Captain James SaunurBi was knighted. On 
the 2tind of October the "Agamemnnn," 04, Captain Horatio Nelson, 
on hia way to join Commodore Linzee'a equndron, when olf Sar- 
dinia had a gallant running tight of thi-ee hours with ihrea Frenoh 
Bjfciljatea, a (iorvette,and a brig ; althungli the"Agunemnon " had her 
^^iaiepaail cut tu pieces, and her masts and yards badly wonnded, 
thtae ships left her nnmolested and paraued Iheir route. On the 
le day, cruieing to the Wfst'i'ord of Oabaut, the frijjate " Tliames," 
'■Z3, Captain Cotee, saw the Frecich frigate " Uranie," 40, Captain M. 
Tartue, ou a wind standing for lier. An action [low commenced and 
was continued with great spirit on both sides, until the " Crania " 
getting under the alern of the "Thames'" gave hor two or three 
raking bnudsidea, and then attempted to board her on (he starboard 
* lit on receiving tiirough her bows a well-directed tiro from 
n of the " Thames," maindeck guns double-shotted, the 
* Olanie" threw all her sails back and hiinled off to the southward ; 
(MB was said to have been very severe, including her captain. 
"Thames" suffered so severely in ber hull, masts, and rigging, 
ihe could steer but one course, and that was right before the 
Judging that she would be soon attncked by her snlaguuist, 
. lin Cotes commenced immediately to retit, in order to receive 
, when suddenly four sail made their nppearanoe, and cnmo 
,11 her nnder English colours. As soon as tlio first canio up, she 
I Btnged np under the stem of the " Thames " and gave her a hroad- 
I dde, but the Itritish ship was in such a defenceless stale after her 
I action with the " Urante," that she at once strueU her colours to the 
B Aigate "Carmag-nole," 40, Caplaitt Ztto\iM\o tiACTWaii., \*.i\to?, Na. 
J tier compmny "fiasolua," 36, "SemiUaitte," ^, i\A l!a^>^s^-w« 
Vvelle "Eapiigle," 16. On the 2&lh at I^ivchCoct ■" " 



180 WAR IS THE WBBT AKD EiST IKDIEB. [a-O. 

32, CHptain Kowley, and ■' IjihiKeiiiB," 3!, CiiplHn 
ling oS Sl DoraiiiK*!, diBcovered aud chued Uie Pni»b 
trigBta"L'lnivuiitant«,"36,iiDdca'pturedlier)iftera>iuuiemiuiaiwd«b 
OntliB iMof l>weBinl)ertb»"Ai]Mitu|ig" |«dI>«1, CauUinCiirtitiMlia 
oMr Cutw nitlitwo French iMliu(iucr-|'civ«t«ta of funoidalflaappsH^ 
• anoa : tlia ■* AUl«nU%" un* of i3id Im-o. cbaiwd bvr durins thu hmI 
tha fnllowittg day, and (hv wind failing, tooh tu her iwhom and Mon 
awcDt u)) alongiidc of the " Anioli>|ii> [" havbg gnpfltd hu on Um 
Harboard aide, ehe allunipled lo carry her by boudiiig. but lb* 
aamllauu ware drivcu bnck wiili Rruat slaughter. Captain Cunia ma 
buWBTer killed, and Uie GiM mats allot tbruiigli the icnij, uiiil.>iltcr | 
camallJM oecurnsd, ao that the coiuniand liad devulv'i! < :l *' V 
Ihe boauvraiu, who repuhiedaevenil other allkinpta (11 III 

Svatevr baviuE had eunuch of it, HndtaviiunHl tu rm . 
I i]i« botiswaiu obwrviiij; iliin, ran Klult, and laalicii i 
•<|Uare-iailyard Id Iha " Aiit«lop«'B''(ore-«liruudi. \i- 
cTderad a vglley lu ba pourw! into tiit privalwr. wliieli n;i-> m i>cil 
dirreiM] that the anw nUrd fur quarter, Tlie unparalleled brmvcry 1 
of M. Nadin,whn had beeDia the Frrneh oav/. md wa^ uuw ajia*. 
aonger on Uui'd tho British ahlp "Aiit(lap«," dn*('rT<-'\ n rrcvn!. < 
He rtood by the helm and worked (he ahip, annvd wiii> '. ii....i'> 
and a pike ; but whan he percc^iiod (lio men o( ili< ^ 
cIlniLitig uji llie quAi'LoTH, he quilLed the helm and Hiiii 
patohnl euch aa OBiii* within hie reach, reluniing at pi ' 
lu right liie vpwel, and tliua killwU nr di«»i>led *«v>k.. i 
ItoiMe uf AncuiUv at Jamaica votti) 600 (cuinvaa tii U' aiairiliuii-t 
among tlio enw uf die " Autelupii " for tlieir ipiHant defenm i bm 
there wis nu hmiour at tide period of tiio war that could be coulmed 
on tlie brikto boaiawaiii, I'aeiio. 

40. Win IN THR Vftst iMu Gm Imin. 

Aa MHin ae the tiewi of tlie war renclied Barbiul»n piwpa- 
raliona were made f<ji' oJTciitive operatlouii ; and aa tlii; i>lu>d U 
Tobago had been taken (ram tho Uciiiah iu the latir w.tr. and itis 

French Itad been couHruicd in tlie poain-iwiun uf il ni '' - ■• 

waa thought now to be a tint objeet to reiake it. Aci-i'i >' 
ISth nf April, Major-Oeiieral Cuyler with a doUrtim 
of arUllerymen, marine*, and abiiut DUO men from il<' ' 
regiioetita, emharked oii board the flai-ahip of Sir .1. 
(he "Tnu(y,"AO, Captain Uraw, wtio in oomiiaDy »'< 
aohoonrr arrired on the IGthand eummoned Lieut. '0<< 
the Commandant of the inland ; on hi* refiual, aii'l ' 
roiind-nbui, grape, and muaUirj. tho truop* *uiw< 
bajoiinu fixed, and wiUi tho Ioh or throe mea killed i.j..i 
wonudcd,taak ihafort ol ScorboTciugb. Sumo conjuiict i'\{>i dii:"<r< 
ware niads agiilnat Martin line aiid St. Uomingo, which wan an*- 
eaaaful, but aa iheni war no HgliLing in either ouluny, it m dM ihc» 
aary to nuliea tboin turthar. 

Inrumathm thai war had beea dralared by Fniw* agaioal Oretri 
Britain raaohwl C^alcotla on the lat of Juno, and mauiunB won 



170*,] FINAL PABTITIOS OF POI.ASD. ISl 

Bdopt«l fgr Inking posBesBion of the different French fHctonce ia 
Indm : nmny yielded witlimil reaisunce ; but on Pondicherry being 
•umni'med, llie Govel^ni', Culunel Prosper de CtGrmont, reftised 
nubroiMiliiTi. On the 20th of AugosE, accordinj;!}', n buTnbsriinienC 
WHS eummenced ngninsc ihe pliiai-, vliich vim nuutly returoed, and 
aiego worka were in prngreaa, wiien on Ihe 23rd a Ea]>itulatiun h'ai 
HiRiied by Colonel UnithwaiM, and the place agnin otwupied by the 
Bntigh, While the siege was boing mrried on, the " Minerm," 38, 
Ilcar-Adminil the Hon. William Comwnltis, arrired, &nd elfeclually 
prevented (he French frigilo " Cybtfle *' from throwing in supplies 
aai relnfvraenieDiB Into the garriaDii. 

41. Final I'artiiion of Folaho. 
The eniiHa of Petonburg and Berlin, actuated by the siune 
■elfish objects that, indeed, disgraced the councila of all tlie other 
jHiwers, were, nt this time, principally intent upon a further 
partitiDn of PoUnd. In the beginning of the year the King of 
Wussia hsd already seized apon Thorn and Dantzic, The diet 
asHemljleil at Grodno made a pratest against the injaetice, and ap- 
plied to the Empress of Russia fur her iirotectiuo, but in Maroh tlie 
Cxariiia published a manifeslo, in which slie gave her imperial rea- 
sons fur resolving to annex a yet larger sliare of Poland to her own 
dnnilniiins. A second dismember men e speedily took place, »nd ia the 
distrnctcd slate of the unforlunikte kingdom, it wna effected without 
opposition. The Russian General Ingelstrom, on (be 14th of October, 
occupied, with ths forces under his command, all tlmt portion whiuli 
h»d (Men left to Stanistaiis, while a large Prostiian corps advanced 
Into the northern portion of the Hepublic to support IngeUtrum, 
The fiirmer power seised upon as much territory as eoiitaiued alionl 
tliree millions and a half of piipulation, wbilu Pruesiii B|>])roprtatFil 
' ' 't as much ni was occupied by eleven hundi-ed thousand iii- 







,— III. TKX BRtTiail 

CilPITUl.>TU, 



182 WAB lir POLAND. [a.D. 

*^ LOYAL emigrants" ARE MASSACRED. — 19. WAR ON THE GEBp 
MAN FRONTIER.— 20. BRITISH NAVAL WAR— CAPTURE OF CORSICA. 
—21. NAVAL VICTORY OFF USUANT ON THE IST OP JUNE. — 22. 
CAPTURE OP THE FRENCH WEST INDIAN ISLANDS. — 23. WAR IN LA 
VENDEE — DEATH OP LA ROCHE-JACQUBLIN. — 24. WAR ON THE PTRB- 
NBAN FRONTIER. — 25. BATTLE OP LB BOULOU. — 26. WAR ON THE 
ITAJ.1AN FRONTIER.— 27> INVENTION OF THE TELEGRAPH. — 28. 
RF^IGNATION AND MILITARY CHARACTER OF THE GENERALISSIMO 
PRINCE OF COBURO. — 29. WAR ON THE GERMAN FRONTIER — FRENCH 
BESIEGE TREVES. — 30. WAR IN HOLLAND — PICHEORU ADVANCES 
UPON THE BRITISH ARMY. — 31. FIGHT AT BOXTEL — WBLUNOTON 
FIRST UNDER FIRE. — 32. BATTLE OF THE ROER — AUSTRIANS CROSS 
THE RHINE. — 33. THE DUKE OP YORK DRIVEN ACROSS THE MEUSE<- 
COMBAT AT BOMMEL. — 34. SIEGE AND CAPTURE OF VENLOO AND NIMK- 
GUEN. — 35. THE BRITISH ARMY RETIRB BBHIND THE RHINE, AND TBI 
DUKE OF YORK RETURNS TO ENGLAND. — 36. GENERAL DAENDEL8 
CROSSES THE ICE, AND DRIVES BACK THE DUTCH. — 37* THE PRBNCH 
DRIVEN BACK ACROSS THE WAAL. — 38. WAR IN LA VENDUE AND BRIT- 
TANY.— 39. WAR IN THE PYRENEES. — 40. BATTLE OF ST. MARCEIL AND 
CAPTURE OF FUENTEBABIA.*— 41. DUGOMMIER INVADES SPAIN, AND 18 
KILLED — THE SPANISH GENERAL LA UNION IS KILLED.— 42. WAR IN 
THE WEST INDIES — GUADALOUPE RETAKEN BY THE FRBNCH.--4Si. 
NAVAL WAR. 

1. War IN Poland. 

The tyranny exercised by the partitioning powers of Poland proved 
80 intolerable, that the people were driven to an open insurrection. 
Notwithstanding its dismemberment, its spacious provinces still held 
a population of eight millions, bound together by ancient associatioDeb 
A band of patnots at Warsaw resolved, at all hazards, to attempt 
the restoration of their independence, and knowing that Koociusko 
was at Leipsic, they sent him a deputation to invite him to plaoo 
himself at their head. This chief and patriot had received a military 
education in France, and had shared in the campaigns of the 
American war under Washington : ardent in his love of liberty, and 
enthusiastic in the cause of his countrymen, his prudence anggested 
to the conspirators that the attempt would, at the moment^ be pre- 
mature ; and he accordingly removed himself to Italy, to avert all 
suspicions. But when the disarming of the 2000 men, whii^ had 
been all the army that had been left to Stanisians. began, in Feb- 
ruary, Kosciusko returned to the Polish frontiers, wid now Cok»el 
Madalinsky, cantoned at Pultusk, placed himself at the head of his 
regiment, and marched away with it, unbroken, into Galliola. Kos- 
ciusko was sent for in all haste, and entering Craeow on the 23rd 
of March, he closed the gates of that city, and proclaimed the in- 
surrection. 

Madalinsky had been actively followed by Greneral Deniaof, bal 
had surprised a Prussian detachment at Mlawa, and succeeded in 
joining Kosciusko at Cracow, who, by means of other regiments 
which had also revolted, and some armed peasants, now iNaid him* 



Irilk tw 



.794,] WAX IN POLAND. 183 

elf Bt the bead of MOU men, wttli whnm he deteruiinecl to sal]]' 

4nlt of Craoow, aod give Imlile to the dtt-t bndy of Ruaslntis whicli 

fDightconie ogsiaat him. Accoriiinglf he eDBuunlered DeoiHof, on 

the Sill of April, at RnaloiicB, where he wsa ablacked by that General 

iin » poMtion vifI) protected on hia lianlt iiy n wood luid a. ravine. 

The liUBsiaii General Tormiisuf, with 3000 men, was eeut to uulllauk 

link, tiut KoMiiiieko fell upon him, uid in lliie nttctiipt, eeDonded by 

'iijniuwk, would liave overwhelnied bim, but for tlia opportune ar- 

ImI of Deuiaof to the auppurt of his flubordiniita K the fall of night, 

'win the course of iC, liowever, thau|>ht it prudent to desist and 

1 back, having lost 700 ur 600 men. This action, iiicanaiderable 

Uaelf, was important in some of its consequences ; for it enabled 

a peasants, who had beta only armed witli scythes, to exchange 

em ibr tlie oiTenaive weapons of the cupBured and slaughtered 

aouaoB ; and tills itrsE gleam of sucuesa enuiiuraged the insur- 

iu tlie aiijuiuing provinces. The news of the success at 

lavies extended to Warsaw, snd excited such enthusiasm in 

Mpital, that, on ihe I7th, the brigade of the Dialinski guards 

upon die RuBsian garrison. Ingelstrani had posted hiniBelf, 

ilk two battaliuna, in (he narrowest port of the citv, where (he 

ts fell upon bim. isolated from tlii^restof the Russian Iroiips. 

Novicaki, thinking to eecape the dangtra of strest Gghting, 

Md Quitted Ibe city, instead of niarchiag to the relief of his chief ; 

Mt lilsjor Titow, with a hattalioo of grenadiers, cut his way back, 

nd jirined Ingelstrom at nigbCfalL After a pmlongbd and ubetiuate 

iQBteat lor thirty-siK hours, the Guvemur, fiiidlag no more than TOO 

ir too men left with him, forced hia way out of the town, and reached 

ha Pnuaiau camp, oud the flag of indeneudence was hoisted on the 

MranorWonaw. 

Ktaeiusko naturally hoped that the Polish troops who had taken 
■rvica with Russia upon the first division of their comitry, aod 
rbo were from 16,000 to 18,000 in number, would now hasten to 
(ilu Ida standard, and some fuw did bo ; and these were priucipaJlj 
faewvalry, who could more readily escape from the Russian i-auks, 
nd elude pursuit ; but the inlanlry could not Bo readily march 
linj>i uthey were disjiersed and cantoned with Rugsian regiments. 
nw GxariiM, liuwever, f«lt (he difficulty of wBlchin|> them, and, 
iflewdingly, dispatched urders to Su narrow, and, by the energy and 
lMi*ity o( this great comnisndcr, the Poles were disarmed, brigade 
liter brigade, to the number uf SOW men. Sultikow also effected 
1m auns result in several regiments under his command. By 
fans destroying the nucleus of n powerful army, the rising was put a 
Itlip to, elf^etually, in the provinces of Podolia and Volhyoia. 

ncvertbeleaa. Hi (lie end uf Borne weeks, KoBciusku had got loge> 
bcr nearly 40,000 men. But this turco was well accu by tbia pa- 
. «hief to be insufficient to m&ke head agiunst such udda as he 
iLd soon be called upon to cuuteud aguintt. lie wanted money, 
'mn, far the kingdom was impovetishad by the events of the 
rwM : the troops, moreover, were imporieetly aimod, and the 
M to be obtained in Poland were vnatljr inferior to what eon- 



184 WAB IN POLAJO). [a.D. 

stituted that class in other countries. Worse than all, he did not 
possess a single fortified place, or any nucleus round which to 
organize a force, which rendered the danger of his undertaking daily 
more imminent. 

As soon as the insuiTection was known, the partitioning powers 
were on the alert The King of Prussia put himself at the head of 
30,000 men : Suwarrow received orders from his imperial mistress 
to gather together all the troops upon the frontier, and to enter 
Poland, while General Fairat, from Silesia and Hungary, marched 
upon Cracow. 

Aware of the necessity of striking a blow before the enemy had 
united his forces, Kosciusko only waited to be joined by GrenenU 
Grochovski, when he again advanced upon Denisof, in ignorance that 
that General had been joined by the Prussian King. The enemy 
was upon him as soon as day broke, when fifteen Prussian battalions 
and sixteen pquadrons attacked his left, fourteen Russian battalions 
and thirty-four squadrons fell upon his centre and right: under such 
circumstances, the battle was not long doubtful, and he would have 
been crushed, but for the firmness of Prince Sangusko and for the 
enfeebled state of the Prussians, who had marched live hours befura 
going into action. 

On the same day (the 8th of June) the patriot General Zajonxek 
was defeated by the united corps of Generals Dorfelden and Za- 
krosky at Chelm, and the Prussians obtained possession of Cracow ; 
but in the north of the kingdom the patriots were more fortunate, 
for Jasinsky had collected a considerable corps in Samogitia and 
near Wilne, had roused Courland, and made incursions as &r as 
Riga. Kosciusko had now to attend to the civil dissensions natn- 
r.tl to his position, and repaired to the capital. Here he exerted 
himself to restore order, and gave up the instigators to dissension 
amongst his followers to condign punishment. He occupied an m- 
trenched camp outside Waraaw, in which he collected 26,000 men, 
to protect the approaches to the capital. Here Zajonzek was at* 
tacked by Fersen, on the 8tli and 9th of July ; but the King oi • 
Prussia, knowing that his means were insufficient to force the camp, ' 
caused siege-guns to be sent up from the arsenals of Dantsic and j 
Thorn, which delayed all further proceedings till the end of Auj^wt i 
The insurgents were, in the meanwhile, on the watch for the Pros- { 
sian cimvoy, which was advancing by Wraslavech. A private g«i- | 
tleman, named Minewsky, had the good fortune to come up with thn ; 
at Koval with a body of peasants, and destroyed and dispersed it 1 
completely, notwithstanding the activity of General ShweriOy who \ 
endeavoured in vain to pursue and recapture them. The mischief 
that had been done by this was so considerable, that the siege of 
Warsaw was rendered impossible ; accordingly the King mardied 
away, on the 6th of September, lea\ing a portion of his sick and stores 
in the hands of the patriots. 

Such an event naturally brought great honour to Kosciusko ; the 
insurrection spread immensely ; and the Poles soon mustered nearly 
80,000 men under arms. But while they were still under the intozieft- 



■1794.] yut IS fOLAKD. 186 



ID of tlieir eucceu, iiewa arrired cif n dufpac nf Siraknwski, at Km- 
ciD, by Suwnn\'W,ivhiali mum now l>e relmml. Hkib tha PaJea hiul 
madvantagenual}' poetad at tlie cDnfiaDace of bodib iiiiLntlijr aU-eamB, 
B tliey had well jilnoHd a Dumerous ■rdllery, hut, igaoraiit of 
una Bppmacli of their enemy, they liad bei-a eoDiplelely lalieii 
pbj aurpriwi fur the Curiiia, itnpntietit at tli? oaniiuuaiice of the 
BctioB, had sent to ruuss Sunarrow (a mors activity; who, 
J biinaelf uow with Bume divisiooB oil the road, arrived. 
Elm the 17lh of September, at Kubrin, with 14,000 inea. aiid wilbuDt 
1< • momeBl's hesitation or delay, fell ou the Polish advanced guard, 
''afore they were aware of an enemy's preeencE. He had ootatripped 
ii artillery, and had to make an attack acnwa groand aliaoat [m- 
uaable, but he was not a man (n quail before any diScultieu ; and 
h by msKDH of faecines and brnnchea cue fnitu the trees, he delited 
K corps oE inFantry, in small budii^s, Hcriiss the marshes, with four 
'I' field-plBcea, carried ill the aruis of tlie soldiers, while (he 
Iry made a long detour to get round the Polish flank. These 
ming up together, fell on Sirakowski with luoh vigiiur, that the Puljali 
Blteral COold only hops to save himaelf by placing hia arm/ in 
Ebqaarea, and in thia manner attempt a rrlreat. The Russian cavalrj, 
fiowever, charged the squares, broke them, and compelled the miui 
to fly for safety into the woods. Here the infiintry came upon Uiem, 
and, iiotwithatandiiig that one detachment coiitrivnd tn check their 
advance in the cunrent of Krupezin and to cover the retreat, ths ju- 
BurgentB had difficulty in finding a temporary prcitectiou boblnd 
the Bug St BrzescL Suwarrow did not allow them time to recover 
tiiemwlves even here, but came up with them again on the 19th. Si- 
rakoweki drew up acrosa the elinusstfo to receive his enemy, but tha 
Rusaiau General vory prudently Bent u corps of infantry under Bua- 
bnwden to pass the fords of the Bug on his left, while General IbIo- 
nief roarclled on the other flnnk with thirteen Hi[uadmnB and a quan- 
Vty ot Cnssscks. No sooner did Sirakowaki aee these diviaiooB boldly 
MOBS thenver thnn hedetenninad to retreat, ashe had done before, in 
•qoares; lalonief Fell however upon them, but the huraemen were so 
wellrecelTad bythoinBurnents, ihatitwaanotiill Bunliowdcn hod sent 
ScbewitHch, with some chosaeurs, to their aid, that tbey could force 
■he Poles to yield their ground, and retire to take up a new poeition 
M KoroBohin. Mere they were again attacked both by Schewiuch 
and Islanief, who, lending some battalions round into the woods to out 
off ibeir retreat, at the aamo time charged the aquorea in front and 
flank till they were quite cut up: the remainder, after a glorious 
raristance, were driven into the woods with the loss of 40UU men 
wentT-eight guns. Sirakowski fled with the 3000 men that 
left him to Hi&ee, and Suwarrow, at the head of 10,000 men, 
mcamped at ThereBpol. 

tJ|ion receiving accounts of this diaaster, Kosciusko resolved to 

draw together all bis detacUmenla, aud to fall upon Fersou before 

he could get aarosa the Vistulsi tu jii'vn Sviiiirtu'BjWi.toft'ftN.wsisia - 

Mflgneraf ■ecunod his pasaago uver the rivet aX li-tftwrneo oftfealSi^ 

mt- Septamber: lliis disarranged l\ie V'i-"^°^ (jeaessSs ■^Va»»-,>iB 



180 WATl IN POLAND. [l.D. 



}iowf)vi*r, repaired to Tjukow to plnce himHelf at the head of mch 
men nH SiraKownki niid ho cdiihl f*vt tog«;th(T, and he now marched 
to Oc'krHcha with the intention of drivinf; I'VrHen hack, Imt on the 
3i'<l of Octohor ho fonnd Iiiniwlf in prenenco of Fonicn at MacieioTice, 
hofore Poninnky, to whom ho had wnt ordern to join him, could come 
up to liiH adsiHtanco. Tiio HiiHnian (leneral immediately resolved to 
attack, and althouj^h KoHciuHko would rattier havo doferred the battle, 
y(>t, Hoonvr than rotreat, ho aece)>t<*d the hattU) on the 4th. The forere 
of tho oppoHinf; partien were nifurly equal : Fernen had 12,000 and 
KoHciuHko about 10,000; but tho ToIoh were very inferior troops to 
the liuHHianit. KonciuHko, while hourly exporting Poninsky to come 
up, defended himself agaiuHt tho attaek in fnmt gallantly; but his 
talentH, liiH valour, Iiih deR])eration were unablo to support the een- 
teHt a^aiuHt numberH ; he found Iiin left wing was already out- 
flnnked by DeniHof, at the head of H(»mo squailrons of cavalry and 
a hoHt of CossaekH, who threw it into uttor eonfunion. The insar> 
gentH took to Higbt, and Kom^UHko, alreudy blooding with two woundi, 
waH doing his boHt to rally them, when ho reeeivo(i a third sliot that 
stretehed him sen(u*leHS on tho ground, and ho full uito tho liands ef 
tlio lluHHiaiiH, a prisoner. 

" llo|>o for a Bcnuoii bjulo the world furewHl, 
And freedom HJiriekM, m KonciuMko fell '.** 

After tho fall of KoHciusko, Suwarrow, who had como up speedily 
to FerMen after hia victory, det<'rmined on prcHHJng on towards the 
capital. On tho 23rd of Octohor ho encounton^d and defeated 
Mokrouowaki at Kobilla, and on tho 2nd of NovemlK*r presented 
himaolf at the head of 26,000 men before Praga, tho suburb of 
Waraaw. Ho cleai'ly aaw that at this seaaon of tlie year it was 
needleaa to undurtnko a ai(>ge, and being more familiar, after the 
oxperienco of Oczakof and lanniel, with the influence of a bombard- 
ment and an aaaault, ho at oneo dutennined on this course. In the 
night of tho 4tli of Octol)or thn>o grand batteries wore raised and 
ai'uied, and while tho J'oliah soldiers woro ox|>octing tho slow pro- 
coudinga of a siego and an investment, Suwarrow led forward his 
army at daybreak in suven coliunna, under a heavy fire fhnn the 
ramparts ; tho ditchea were ra])idly filled up with faHcines ; the 
defences were dostroyud by tho artillery, which also sot Are to the 
woothui houaos of the suburb ; and tho lluaaian troo])s poured into 
tho intrenched camp with a vigour and boldness that increased 
with their auccoaa. They followed tho ilying enemy from the Acids { 
into the auburb. Jaaiiiaky and Grabwoski mot with honourable \ 
doatliH in trying to rtaton* order among their men, but those now fled 
to tho bridges over tho Viatida, which broke down under them, vnd 
tho citizens of Warsaw saw from tho other side of tlie rivoTi with 

^ It will intcrrKt the oilnnrors of thU true patriot rhiof, bravo fellow, snd 
rnter])riKing leader, that he wuh kindly treated by the Ituiwiana, and act at 
liherty, after two yenrn* eonflornuMit, hy the KniWror I'aul. lie died at 
HoK'un*, in France, in 1H17, having nt'eiulily refuniMl every offer of em- 
ployment fn>m Napoleon, whone beltlsh deiigni on Poland he early divined. 



WARS or THE FBBHCn BETOLCTION. 



187 



Hrlvf ui'l ilisinaj', th^ir deFen'lers pcYtihing by the sword, the water, 
nd Uia fluneB, WLtlidut hnving Ibe TncoiiB of rendering uesietuice at 
■' g the evil ; 10,000 men fell in the conflict, BOUO wore made 
, 19J)00 were put to the sword; but the tragedy wss 
I ended. Warsaw cajritulated two dnji nfterwarde. The 
B of the PoltHh army tned to keep the iield under Ponin. 
mkj, but wera followed uid cut to pieces by Feraen and Iha 
"~ /■■; and thuB the oldoat repulilia that hod exixCed in mridern 
expired, a viclim to its awn corruptiona and internal diseen' 
niBb mtid a prey lo the insatiate ambition of aovereifjuB who are 
F«r engia tu acquire territory und people, but do not know haw u 
d*Mli3« the pruspurity of the one, nur enough cultivstfi tlte other 
IB to their DAu advantage. 

3. Wins OP THE Fblnch RRyoLnrcoN. 
_, By BBi and land, in Europe, Aaiii, Afriua, and AmericB, a war againBt 
thv domlniunfl of France had now commenced by all the luwers of the 
vrnrtd.Bnd lint fw the faults orheradTerBarieaandheTownunparal- 
lelad exertiona she would have been at thin Ijuib buried, with all her 
crimeajhithctomboftlieCapcta. But that BelfiahneSB and eelMnlereBt, 
which is alikn a disgrace tu nntiona and to crowned heads aa to ia- 
dividuala, iliHtracted the hoame exGrtJona of Austria, Great BriUin, 
PruBHia, and Russia. These sovereign power^ under pretext of serv- 
ing what Ihey called the cxuse of Europe, were, iu truth, considering 
Iheir own ends and aims, and the real object of Ihs war became a 
Moondory matter. "The memDmblu cikm[mign that had just ter- 
minated is probably the moBt remarkable in Che history of the world. 
Arevnlt that seemed destined to shake the very cohesion of the social 
Didattaiee nf Fiiinoe ; an invaaon which had burst through tiie irou bar- 
la of thoNorlh-BaBt, and even threatened the Alpine and Pyrenean 
sniisre, appeared to lay Paris, tba enemy's capital, at tlie mercy of 
wlnTaden. But.saif by magic, the allied armiesarelield back; the 
ir»f tile Vendeons beeomea irretrievably arrested ; the exettionB 
u, Harseillee, and Toulon tu throw off a bloody, tyraonouB 
. . . .« paralyxed, and horribly retaliated; the discomfited English 
B 4Hv<Hi from Dunkirk and Toulon. The AustriaDe iu coafUsian 
« MMped U) the other side of the Rhine. The Prussiaus have 
rnwiifl the tojundanca. Volenciennea and Quesnuy alone remuned 
batgr«lleniy on Uiesoilof Fruiae. For these immense advantageB 
« (%ttr«ulion was indebted lo the energy of iU measures, the wIb- 
Hof !(■ councils, nud the activity uf its agents. In the convulnon 
KaDdetJi not nuly wickedness but talent had risen to the surface. 
f mnory has nothing u> show eomj.uuable to the crimes which were 
'tlM at this period, it has few similar instaacos of eiiual UD- 
d rwolutioii and prowess to cummemorate. If the cruelty of 

eroaJ administraiiDn of the stnte exEeeded the worst despotism 

■IIm Somui Emperors, the heroism of its cKtemal conduct rivnUed 
^ tlllil hM been recorded of any otiier people '.*' 

1 Aliian. 



168 WABB OF THD TRSICOK KBTOLUTIOir. [l.^. 

Il liM hwn *aiA nt Cuniiit,"!! cirj;niiiiiiilt U vlctoirei" anil « 
tliin lima bx >dlnliii>Hir»il witll iil«i-pli«* arlrl antirinK ranPiy thi 
nlfUra of raurlnn >niilea from III* liAlcl M Pariii. Th> Fnmtb 
hinnil wu hli'ly rouMdi Indignant that tlia Mill uf thvlr Bountij 
■bould hnto liien in**i1ad ann txHnipleil liy ilia fn»i)K"'"'> *ii^ t^ 
iba flaff uf tlio ■U-tiMpir ■Unuli ba HyiDR cititr tholr own atfiini- 
holda, tlm paajile of Froiiea flriclifiil In imnna la Uin armlfia, wliMi 
itraail}' nnrehiirail aaarly UOD.OUU innn, wblU Iha kIIIim nnulit nnl; 
btlat fnnrani abnul half Ihiit immLai' In niipoM Uiam, and wm 
abrawlj' dlvlilail anil at JImHiiaInn Hniniis tli*n*nl>M, 'fha oonit- 



tliai war ihould bo narrtad liitn tha cnumy'a nouMry, to ba main- 
lalnod th«r« at ilii snantya aNptrnn. , 

Tlia At*l iivani tit military liopurtnnra tlila ymr wna llif na^K* 
nalinn by tin link* of Hrunawloh of 111* oniiimanrl of ilin Piiiwlan 
KTinlm ill llm Italil. HI* Kishnwi* any thl* reawiii for rutlrinr, hi 
tha lattpp ha aililri>uci] to th« Klnn nn tha 0th uf Jniiiinry : " wliaii 
airwttnalliin Ilka Fmnaa U onn^iinlwl by tlia tomir uf |i<iiii*bnigfll 
and b<f enthnalaam to an umuiin 



(Apia oilKbl to pravall In tha monsurao 'if il' 
wban jnataad llioreiif, raub army Ml" i 

ird, wllbout any flwd pun, niil ■ 



Einulnlaa, Uio i. ,.. . . 
tink(i'k,al Maul>au|{a, at tli* atoriDlnii "I 
DrToalnn, and at tha railing of (ha tiWl<iui« ni i.hii'iihe. mim law 
nun mako m apnoh In th* hlaMfv of thl* unhn'tuiiiitn war, asd 1 
hav* Iha tnUfnTUina of'baliii; Imnlloalod tn II. Th« n-pnuii^i wHI 
fkll upon ma, and tlif iiinnatint will ba oonFiiutidtd wlUi th* mMlj, 
PradaOsa M(]UlNa I ahoidd r*tir», ami honour adviMw it. Kvarj 
thing la In b« faurvd if m<nflili<nM, hHrinony, oiiHttrnilCy i>f arnlimaiil, 
of prlnoiplaa, and of aotiona, do nnt taka jilim of (ho I'lipiiKli* ami- 
tlmanli, whlah hare baon Iba aiiuroa of all tha mlafnriiiiim n| Uia 
pan two yran." Of tlila dUtlnRulaliad Ovninwl (uf >vli,i>n lirllllaM 
•NpIalH In Ptwdorlek'* wan, u "The H^ri'dlUry I'rlncp." li la nut 
ncoaamry ngtin to >i]ioHk) iba triilli muat b* atalad, thnt lie wu Irtv- 
R'lluta In ciiiidUDt, and pfvunlunllv a nisiy tn th* anrii'<il»n>inn thai 
tha jtlval mllltar)' i-anuUIInli wbUli Im hnd fipqnFrt'd *• i1ii> phih- 

Saniuii ill *nii« and fWaiid of PradnHi'li ••> iviv.-ji. .i ,\ i... ..n. 
angtrad. Ha wa* unwilling tii liawri! iin 
ba mUad up In tha unntaat witit rcivolm 
ofaSfintaM with whom hi* iiwullar d"" 
fonMhadowad tlia axtont, anil Iha hioRIrM i . 

eaadlnlU Moruovrr, the Duko of tll'inio^vi.'i. »m» -iink'»'nii> imfuna 
Iba asDna* tu know thnl Pruaali, Intalit ini torrilui-iai aixiuUitlQii go 



1794.] 



WAB OV THB GEBMAK TBOKTIEB. 189 



the «hore« of the Vistula, had begnn to waver in the mncerity of her 
bontiiiiy against France, and liad already beheld with serious alarm 
the progress of the insurrection in roland, which {ippeared to 
threaten her new possessions there. He Icnew that the King in 
person had at this very time assembled there 40,000 men, and was 
in consequence obliged to diminish his forces on the Rhine, which 
be had announced to his allies would be reduced to the contingt$nt of 
20,000 men, which he was obliged to furnish as a member of the 
Kmptre. Orders were accordingly dispatched to Marshal Moel- 
lendorf, who had succeeded to the command of the Prussian army on 
the Rhine, to send back the troops in excess o( this number by 
divisions towards the Elbe. Mr. Pitt, of all the statesmen of this 
dsy, most clearly perceived the full extent of the danger that threat- 
ened Eurone from the breaking up of the confederacy against revo- 
lutionary rrance, and while he deeply regretted the withdrawal of 
the Duke of Brunswick from the command of the Prussian ttnnies, 
and appreciated its ill influence, he desired to employ all his in- 
fluence to bring back the cabinet of Berlin to a more national 
{Kilicy : he succeeded in staying 'the evil of the moment b/ con- 
cluding a treaty at this period between Prussia, Holland, and 
Great Britain, by which Prussia should retain 62,000 veteran troops 
in the field, for which she should be subsidized by the maritime 
powers. General Mack, an adventurer, but a soldier of military 
abilities of the first order, was sent over to London to arrange 
a plan of campaign by which the whole allied army should act in 
unison, and it was then determined that the Imperialists should 
march by way of Landrecy and Laon on Paris, while the Prussian 
forces should support the operation by a forward movement on 
the side of Namur. This manifestly ought to have been the plan 
adopted in the preceding campaign: it was now too late, as will be 
seen by the following table of the relative strength of the opposing 
armies: — 

ALLIES. 



FRKNCH. 

Armies of the North 1 283,452 
and of Ardennes . f * 

Moselle and Rhine 201,713 

Alps and Italy . . 103,603 

„ Kastem Pyrenees . 70,608 

„ Western Pyrenees 60,782 

Interior .... 84,280 

704,334 



ft 

t9 



ff 



Army in Flanders . • • 140,000 

„ of Duke of York . . 40 000 

„ of Austrianson Rhine 00,000 

„ of Prussians on do. . 66,000 

„ of Luxembourg . . 20,000 

„ of Spaniards . • . 66,000 

„ of Sardinians . • . 60.00d 

„ of Emigrants. . . 12,000 

432,000 



3. War on the Gbbman Fhontibb. 

The first hostile operation on the French frontiers took place on 
the 13th of January, when General Uoche sent General Marchant to 
undertake the siege of Fort Vauban, still held by tb« Austrians 
within the French territory. The garrison no sooner saw them- 
leivfMi invested than they sallied out to level some works on tb« 



100 AFPAI& OF CATALHT AT VIlLEna IN CAITCIltE. [A-JJ. 



left bwik '>F llit< Rhine, wliifli Imil besii rsiii'il tn dentr"; tlia br)<lgM 
of aiimmiinimlian UTiHui tho rivor. On the 14th dipy were drivni 
bnoli with (uch w»iuui lou, tlmt thoy dcternilned llie ven mibo 
nixhl to tika iduiiuphi for quHlbfi Ihi hn ftltngcthert lii*y m> 
eordlnBly cummcitrail tliuir nijiica, hucI linil MHiuJIy blown up *aiM 
uutworki, whan ilia fronoh.wliu dotacUd ili«lr Inienttnna, Kwuillod 
*ud iiKili the iiImo on ilie iKili, Ginnnil Mamhuit, w> imioii h b* 
fMmd liitiuwlf In til* fnrt, milntvourod tn cxiin^hih lli» rnin thU 
hftd fa««n kid tn IgnlM th« mint*, Irat » JetwI imrliim w*r« ftltaily 
diMiluiTgrd, aiill Ills AuUriHiin onwinK thii river bumi-il the brUgM 
tfter th«n> whioh prarvnMd M further ulinlni'lrn ir> ilx'ir i>'fspo. 

KodUo would likvawiiihi>dt»hiivopur<M< <l Mi. in i-i orib* 

AtlilrianiUiill'ruuiuiH.iaM tuliMevnri '' '■ ■'' ■ • '' I'n.inyi 

but thaoovcruinDnttMliiiflid at Alut-'o I ' "i I'ram 

III* fiM.dlivctod (ba urniy of the Maitlli' i ' ' mi'i' mi 

wall ■> I/ormino, Mid Ui kbida tlio r»uli' III j.ii.i: 'I.:il wim 

•buul to upon an tli* Nunharik rrondur. 'I'lm rinuli, jithI ii.irlxiM 
iudlMrMl, luiguKta uf Qenaral Hiicha In thii»a dbciinoiixiB l>r<iu(hl 
him XoDn iiiidiir llio dlaiilaiuiurw of tha (^innnliiiii, nml >i" mm iir- 
dfrad to Pnr'iH, wlwru liu wm inijiriiHinail In tlio ('••>ii«i>-v;^ni>. and 
Jourduin wiui nMiiad to aiiiKMiiil liiin in lii* oi'iumntid. Si.inu albin 
of little momrnt. ooourred during tha inunih* uf Mnrcli luid April, 
when (lie new GDncral thought bo had aa o|>purtuuity uf ramliliihlog 
hlniHlf upon the aommunioatiuiu of the iilU«d armie*. by ^-tiins pi»> 
■cHlnn of Ai'lun, whvN GoDenkl liMuUau <«u)niaiicl(:d n ilivuilaii d 
18,0tKI Auau4ana. On tlia I7tli of Aiiril ha ili-inplnd G«ninml 
Vlneanl to occupy Mortxij;, while hs liiniwlf inai'vliiil "n RitBliiat 
BmuIUo, whom ha faund hiireiiohad In front uf Arli^n witli a 

piuvtd InvHiMtnal. Un ths lUtli at hrtk of ilAy, undir i)i« K'udaniM 
of Colinal CliMi^ODp, who hnvw th* xround woll, hii mad* 

'" ■ fur ■ nnawml attault that hu drore the ' ' 



Jonrdaiit pkoad (^noral Hatiy in Arlun ... 

watch tlia moirvmFnti uf tlio allied nnaiM. Thrae unro tbii* n—r 
iModi tha Auatrinna acroH ilia Khiuo with a brid|t* and ftb da 
jwal at Miinhalm, iho I'ruuniiiia ou kutii aidn uf tliaii'lvur alMirvadJ 
about Muyvnea. 
4. WiK OM TMK Bkluiai FiioiiTiBn— SiKOt or Likdukct— 'AnUB 

or HtllTIIH C<tT*l,KI AT VrLI.KUS KN CaUI'IIIK. 

Fiohajtru iiad hwni namtd Guneml-iu- Chief of tha army af Iha 
NMth, anil hi* prli'Oipal fores Ih.v betwevu CBmliray an-I <Iii<w. Of- 
poaed 111 liiin wa» ihn Priuoa uf Ci.burn, wiUi from U(i.i)"ii u- Iihi.imm 
man (fur arurpii uudvr Ufwral ClHlrinit wan il>'Ui<!i' 
ths plaina of Cataau, awaltinf> tbu arrival of tli> i 
menoa offanaiva oprmtiona. Diaputea had Rri»'i 
OomroiitHl of tha coiifHlenitad arniina, the llukp nt ^ 
tnaarva nmler Gvuanl ClalrAilt. It liad been at [■:un.^. «-,^..irr-'. 
Ihararore, thai tha Empanw FnuiebaliouU In hla ruju pvnuu aa- 



1794.] AVFAiu or cjlyjlluy at yillehs em caucuiis. 101 



lumo the lupromu ootiitiiMid, hut lti>yiil lUg,Unetmeonmmtiu^ i/t Mfrv« 
under hin Iiii{>(iriAl MiijitMty. A f(t)uer»l VHcomiAunmneif, of which the 
ulterhir ohjuot clid not ii|>|i4mr, wan luude by tiie French General on tlie 
2tt(h of Mnroh, which hi'out(ht on vunie ft;;hting At tlie <mt|w«u, tlmt 
cost the French 700 or 1100 men, an aim mmm gun*. On the lOthof 
April the Kuiimror nrrivud, And Untk up hin heA4-4UArterA At Knt(l«- 
fontttlne, And poHNud the whole Army in review on the phuue of (^AieAU, 
And ordnrH were then ^ivon for a forward movement on the following 
dny, in elj^ht colunnm. The three left oolumne croeeed tlie hAnihre 
At OntAnd Ciitillon, And drove before them the divieiouof Fromencin, 
(who fell hiivk by liAndi'Mcy, upon MArtdlleM, where they hA<l thr«>wu 
up A tita (lu jttnU over the Little lltd|>e,) And the troope of liAlUiid 
And otherii on Ntmvion and (iuiHo. Tiie divii»i<m of CiOj^uet waa 
driven buck to I'rJmont by the fourth nnd ftfth colunine under the 
comniAnd of the Duke of York, when a detiichmt^nt of tlie huiMAni 
of Knterhiixy and h Hi|Uiidron of the lOih li;(ht drA;(<H)ne, under lie- 
nerAl Lipport, uharj^cd and took four ^une And a \utwH'A**rt aa the 
French retired; while Another oh Ar{{e of the huMwrA of ZetMchirtss, 
with four M((tiAdronH of the 15th U^Ui drA^oouA, CAptured two 
fCUUA And a colour on tho hauio occanion. On the nAiiie dav Lan- 
drecy whh inv(*Htod by the Dutch tlivinion under the Frince of 
Ot*AnKe, the Diiko of York bfintf placed with hie Army in obettrva- 
tion towurdH Cliiuibray, and the rrince of C'oburt; between Outee and 
AveMUcN. (junertil C'lairfait with hiH cortw made at the iianie time 
A Htroni; recuiinuiMance on the eide of Lille, and advAUced to An« 
nupuN. TheHo niovcniontH cnmted Home uneAeinenA to Fiche{(ru, aa 
it cut off tile connexion of bin Army between L'ambrAy And Ouiite, 
and left MaubuuKo and Av(fMn»A UUproviaioned for an attack, and 
it bucamu a (|ueNtion with him whether he Mhould retire on Fhilip|Ae« 
ville; but the Duke of Coburg waa intent on the capture of I^an- 
drecy, accordin|( to the iiIau of oampaiKn determined U(H>n, and 
WAH not to be divcrttul from it even by nu»re tempting; conibioa- 
tiouN. On tho 20th the Dutch corfM ted bv the SwIaa brigade of 
Furavicini, nnd Miipport^ul by an AuHtrian divi«ion, carried the camp 
of Freux-AUX-HoiH, untlcr the worlu of Lundrecy, with a dett^nnina- 
tion and gallantry worthy of their beitt dayM. The wiego wa*« not, 
howovcr, a very livuly iiiVair, eo that an ant'cdote la told of a Dutch 
Major, who obiiervud to Oilaudini, the Austrian engineer, **On eat 
aNMcz M^ir dauH h*H trancliJfN, nion (^)lonttl." *M)h( ptmr cela,*' 
waa tho rnply, ** on no mout't ici (pio de l'«nniii." The French would 
not, liow(<vor, permit tho Nioge to conlinuu without Home hoetite de« 
mou'itralioiiH, and uccordiuj^ly, on the 2Ut, (ieneraU Duvigueau 
and DiilicHnio advanodd from the French camp at Uuine, and drove 
(fonoral Alvinxi acroHH the Sanilire to Uergue; but General Halland 
fuibnl in an attack he niiido, in which the French troofw were driven 
back with the loHitof Honio guuH, and General (ioguet wbh killed in au 
attiick made by him agnliiHt the Duke of York near the forent of Ar- 
i*ouaixo. On the 24ih the garrUon of Oambray made a demonNtratlon 
towardH VillurH en Canchie. The Duke of York ImniediAtely^ de* 
tachod General Otto with two H({uadrouH of tho huHHarH of Leopold, 



192 AfFAIB OF CATALBT AT TILLERS HX CAUCHIE. [A.1>. 



and two squaflronn of tliu 1 6th dragoonii, which were ordered to be sup- 
ported by GHiienil MaiiHoH, with the blues, Kini^'s dragoon guards, 
ri>yal dmgooiiH, 10th dragoons, and the cuirasHiers of ZeutcbirtK. 
Otto, with Home of Lo(>i>old'8 husftars and two squadrons of the I5tb 
lif^ht drngounH, came unexpectedly on the enemy, and charging 
vigfirously drove them back u}>on a strong body of infantry and 
cavalry (it w»h raid 10,000 men) who occupied the outskirts of the 
village. The old General, under a mistaken supposition * tliat the 
pcraon of the Emperor was in danger, addressed the handful of men 
with him, that they nmst rescue the Emperor, or bear the dishonour 
of his capture. ** Wo will savo the Emperor V was the unanimous 
rcHponse, and in spite of musketry and grape they rushed upon tlie 
infantry in line, and rode down the front rank. The French cavalry 
liad cudcavoui*ed to form behind these, but old Otto dashed at them 
until they Hed in a wild panic, the glittering sabres of the conquerors 
gleaming over them like lightning. Had General Mansell nut mis- 
taken h'.a orders, not a man of them could have escaped, and some fifty 
guns would have be<;n the trophy of the day instead of three; bat 
this (leneral did not arrive in timo to offer any assistance, and tlie 
French were enabled to get oif in safety to Bouchain and Cambray. 
The loss * of the English in this affair was fifty-seven killed and 
seventeen wounded. The extraordinary disproiwrtion of the nuin- 
bors shows the wonderful resolution and pertinacity of the troops en- 
gaged, and the way in which they were rewarded shows their dis- 
tinguished gallantry. On this occasion the Emperor ordered a gold 
modal to be struck to nnsord it, and presentc^d an exemjtlaire to each of 
the ofIic(>rs engaged ; and afterwards, in 1800, when the statutes of 
Maria Theresa were enlarged so as to admit foreigners, the eight i 
British officers engaged in this affair each' received a cross of that j 
order ^. General Alvinzi was now directed to clear the forest of : 
Nouvion, and succeeded in re-establishing his Austrian force on the | 
plateau between the Sambre and the Littlo Hel)»e. In the mean , 
while the artillery of the allies was plainly heard by 1>oth armies in I 
the trenches before Landrecy; tlie first parallel had been com- , 
pleted and the batteries had been armed with forty-four heavy \ 
guns and sixti*en mortars, all of which were ready to o)»en in a 
formidable bombardment of the town, when I'icliegru determined 
on its succour by making, as a diversion, a forwai*d movement of the 
whole Fn>iich army for the invasion of Flanders. On the 86tliy 
accordingly, a general movement was undertaken by the whole line 
from Dunkirk to Philippeville, in order to pierce tlirough some por- 

^ l^ri nee S<li war tzeiihurg*B certificate makes this clear: "The advance 
of the enemy ino/ht hai'e causted the most fatal consequences in respect of 
the jouniey of hiH Iniperiul Majtiity fnmi Valenciennes to Catillon. 

* 8u unusual were military dvcorationH at this period in tUiglanil, that 
these officcnt, 8Up|Mi8in^ decoration and kniffhthood to lie synonymous, 
asAumed the title; and Sir Robert WilKon, who was one of them, though 
he was afterwanls covered with all the ribbons of Europe, yet had no 
liritish order, and was never admitted by his own Sovereign a British 
knight. 



,794.] B&ITISH CATALBT AFTA.IB IfEAE CATKAU. 193 



EM Mtfiit of th« allied BTmies. T)ic plan was Bkilfull; 

bean long maiuring; and may be coQoiaalj describe ' 

It to turn the two wings of the allieB, une on the sid 

d West PhuiderB, nnti the other through the conatry between tt 

Sambre and Meuae, and thus to force tliem to a retreat, while 

Ibnnidablo attack on their ceotre ahoald rehere Landrecy. Thus 

" ' whole army was put in motiun fmm the Meuae tu the oce 

Philippevills to Dnnkirk, on the aame day. 

L PlCHEORn IDIANCES WITH ILL HIS FoRCES TO lUISE TBE SlJ 

-Bbjtisu CiviLRT Affair neib Citbau. 
The army of the Ardennes, eomraanded by General Charbonn: , 
mn directed to affeot a junction with the army of the North, by 
idnuieing from PhilippevUle upon Beaumont; but the Austrian 
nipB of General Count de Kauuitz occupied in the way tlie heights 
€ BoMat. CharboDnier BUCOeasfuLly attaclied Kaunitz while Dea- 
Ua» drove the emigrants' legion out of Chaudeville.ivhiuli opened 
lito the road to Beaomont, and thus on the 27th Charbonnier'a 
«• elTeoted tlieir junction with the army of the North. 
"he right of the French central attack, for the relief of Lnndrecy, 
Mb Nttnuted to General Ferrand. and General Billaud, who were 
3 from the side of Nouvion Bud Etreux ; liut General 
Sui(»BiB, with 33,000 men and sev-enty-ninB guns, was to Btrike the 
vinetpal central blow from Cambray. This latter adyanced, on the 
IMl of April, in three columns ; the left one moved on Solesmesjsnd 
• other two on the high road to Cateau aud Ligny, aeainst the poei- 
M of the Duke of York, who was posted hehiud Truisville. Chappuia, 
k omnmHld of the two latter eolutnns. ancoeeded in driving hack the 
'« of the British at fiolhencourt and Audanaourt, and in gct- 
mseulon of tlio village of Truisville, from whence tliey ad- 
i Kgaiust the intrenched camp before Cateau; but Lieut.-Col. 
TC*e, of the artillery, plied tliem so well with grape from Iha 
mat redoubt, that they were clad tu desist, and even to retire 
i fron the villsge. The two French eolnmns marehed ao near 
li «thep, that they got entangled in one anutber's lines, which 
e Duke perceiving, his Royal Uighnuss ordered forward all the 
^niry to move rapidly oud to turn the enemy at Bethencourt, 
lltl under cover of a heavy cannonade be might lance forward hia 

SjU tnhntnr against the retiring columns. General Otto, with tbe 
Wlrian cviruftiera of Zetswirtz a.nd the two British brigades of 
'" nwll stid Vyse immediately galloped olT, and came suddenly on 
.0 French infantry and cavalry with fourteen pieces of cannon in 
h* fiilag* of Caudry. Their cavulry Bed at the 6rst attack to 
iibni<r, but the infantry, with the guns, could not get away, 
I wtre captured ; follnwing up liia lucoess, Oltu came upon the 
r of the whole diviaic:n of Cliappuis, who waa neat AudaacourC 
L' brigade of French cairaasiors. aent out to the support of thes« 
^' ■ 1, found lliemselves stopped, in the direclion of Ligny, by 
sl Dundas, with a brigade of British light draguona Mid 
an hussars, who foroed them tu returu with euiae loss. Qeueral 
Vol. IV. Q 



194 CLAIBPAIT SEfEATSD AT HOISCBOSK. [aJ>. 

Otto, with his cavalry colomny leaving Dundas to follow the Iv- 
gitives, attacked the French in&ntry formed in two line« with ihar 
left on Andancourt and their right on a fiarm-houae called La CooMlety 
and at the same time the Phrince of Schwartzenburg, with a reguneot 
of Austrian carbiniers, came up on the French left flank. Thus takea 
in flank and rear, they fled right and left — ^a large portkm of fogi- 
tives, with eight pieces of cannon, laid down their arms with fi^^ 
resistance; but another portion, with fourteen guns, were rallied 
near Montigny, where they were joined by Chappuis himself and part 
of the column fi^m Ligny. Otto coming np, sent forward the brigade 
of Mansell against this body of infantry, who was received with aneh 
a terrible fire of grape, that both he and his aide-de-camp were Ittd 
low : but Colonel Vyse taking the conmiand, charged them vigoroaaly 
and pushed on into the midst of the enemy, who fled on all 
and surrendered themselves with all their guns ; the Freneh^ 
mander, Chappuis, in whose pocket there was found the whole wf ~ 
gru's plan for investing Flanders, giving up his sword to Major Tid- 
dieman, of the 3rd Britbh dragoon guai^s. Prince SehwaiHenbarg, 
with the Austrian grenadiers, shared in the glory of this aetioiiy and 
followed up the flying enemy so quick, that none of the Britiih 
infantry could come op to take part in Uie action. It was in Hub 
gallant affair that Cotton (afterwards Lord Combermere), the dis- 
tinguished British Cavalry General of the Peninsular war, fint 
*' smelt powder." The loss to the enemy in this battle was nearly 
4000 men, with thirty-five guns. The British had two offioera and 
fifty-four men killed, and four officers and about 100 men wounded. 
The Austrian loss was yet smaller. In consequence of the infonna- 
tion derived from the papers of the captured General, the Prince of 
Coburg and the Duke of York the same night detached thirteen 
battalions and six or seven regiments of cavalry towards St Amand, 
and four days later the Duke of York with his whole army broke np 
from Cateau, and proceeded to Toumay to reinforce the Anatrinn 
division of Clairfait. Landrecy surrendered on the 90thy and the 
garrison, 6000 strong, became prisoners of war. The intrenched 
camp at Maroilies still, however, remained in the hands of the 
republicans. 

General Ferrand had ordered General Montaign to advance tram 
the sides of Priches and Maroilies, where he was opposed by the 
Austrians under Alvinzi, who being wounded at the first onset* the 
Archduke Charles took the command, and by the aid of the bri|pideB 
of Kray and Kinsky drove back the enemy across the Little Helps^ 
with the loss of some guns. The Archduke gained much crrait 
from the ability and valour with which he conducted these opem- 
tions. The sortie from the French intrenched camp of Maroilies 
upon General Kray was made hastily and without support, and the 
republican forces fell back with some loss to their former position. 

6. Clairfait defeated at Mobscrobn. 

Pichegru's grand attack was to be made on the side of West 
Flanders. On the 25th the garrisons of Donkirk, Beigne^ &e., as- 



1794.] CLAIBVAIT SEEBATEB AT MOESCBOEN. 105 

aembled and marched on Fumes, out of which they drove the small 
gaiTison of loyal emigrants, and then advanced to threaten Ypres. 
A stronger force of nearly 60,000 men had been collected at Lille, 
under Pichegru himself, and on the 26th these divided themselves 
into two corps, and the one under Souham advanced on the road to 
Courtray, and the other under Moreau on Menin. 

General Clairfait was in command of the corps that was to defend 
West Flanders : his troops, consisting of about 26,000 men, occupied 
Toumay, Moeseroen, and Lannoy, with detachments at Menin and 
Courtray. He also, as he conceived, effectually watched the enemy 
by a corps of Hessians at Denain, on the Scheldt, under General 
Wurmb. These were attacked on the 23rd, in a way that denoted 
a serious intention, and Clairfait's attention was immediately drawn to 
it, but while he repaired to this quarter the French appeared sud- 
denly to the north of his position. Clairfait had a post at Moeseroen 
commanded by the Hanoverian Greneral Wangenheim, which lay in 
Souham's communications between Lille and Courtray. It was on 
this quarter that, on the 28th, the republican General fell, and after 
a figh^f four hours carried the intrenchments there and at Castrel, 
and captured 1200 men, with thirty -three guns, a great number 
of muskets, and four coloura. After this he at once proceeded to form 
the siege of Courtray. General Moreau, on the same day, turning to 
the left from Moeseroen, advanced on both sides of the Lys on Menin, 
where he shut up the Hanoverian General Hammerstein, with the 
remainder of his division. Clairfait, deceived by the fiUse attack on 
Denain, had repaired to the defence of that post, but as soon as he 
heard of these events he hastened to return to Toumay. From 
thence, on the 28tli, he advanced against the French and attacked 
General Bertin at Moeseroen, and drove him back to Tourcoiu ; and 
Greneral Jourdain, at Aelbeck, was at the same time obliged to yield 
the post and retire on Belleghem ; but Clairfait thus rashly interposed 
himself between two fires, the one on the side of Lille and the other 
of Courtray and Menin. Nevertheless, he took up a strong position 
with 18,000 men in two lines, having his right behind Loinge and 
his left on the mill of Casti^el. General Souham, as soon as he heard of 
this advance, got together the brigades of Macdonald and Daendel8,and 
uniting himself with that of Jourduin advanced the same night against 
Clairfait. Moreau at the same time returned from Menin, and on 
the 20th in the morning recrossed the Lys and fell on Greneral Wal- 
moden at Moeseroen, whom he forced to retire on Deynse ; for the 
Hanoverians, after stoutly defending their position for some hours, 
miHtook the arrival of Clairfait's troops for the French, and fled away 
from them, leaving their guns and throwing away their arms. Daen- 
dels and Macdonald had attacked the Austrian position in front, and 
Bertin now returning from Tourcoiu advanced against it on its rear. 
The mill of Castrel, which formed the key of it, garnished with ar- 
tillery, was stubbornly defended for four hours, when Clairfkit, 
wounded, and finding enemies on every side of him, endeavoured to 
withdraw his troops ; but this soon ended in a complete rout, and 
leavuig guns and every thing behind them, some flying to Oudenard 

o 2 



190 OOUBATB It£AB COCBIBAY ADD THE VJlW 

Ulil lume CD TouTtiay, he himself ropairril to tlie lalter pi 
Ibrca RunBi fuur coluurn. Bod 1300 pri«uiiers went t' "* 
dty M tlio wpnbllomis. 'J'lie French stJdierB, II 
BDCecBBM, wore auv urgent on Mrireau to lot V 
MMuit uf MeiuD, but lie pi'iid-eiidy held ihcm bi 
wliile, tlie Hunoverian ticneiiil llnmmenttiiiu fin<Jlllg>H 
anil unequal to Che defence oF thnl place, rut his w|r^ 
iKIth, retiring «ilh eleven giiiiu uii! ill liin " hag ■; 
Uauseelner, vhich he reitelieil in »»!ut<f. The FrM 
Inik |HiB»eBucni of the plioe, wliicli vrua well pCDTU 
de guerra el da bouolie." 

7. COHBtTB fSKB COIIHTEUr 

ikaofCobi ^, 
alreftd)' obiervi'd.iho Dub 
wme tluic twut tile eor[U of the I'linco of OrtURU «id 0^ 
liiviniotm of Liitour. Alviud, and Wemeok Co reiniV««a ^ 
Priace KnuniCE, upon ths Skmlre, ell of wham manla^ 
dsBtinBtioiw on Clie Jth — lOlll nf May. The corpi of KH 
«Mno (imo niarobed ftw&y lu Tiiumtiy, mid the ArcUdt'^ 
wilh B aCrDng eoqia tiHik pn*t a.t SC Aiiiuail wnd DmuJd> , 
moiliiitelv dimctsd Jourdnin tu ninrch H]) fruni the RIi(m1| 
of (he Muw«l]H,wUh IB.POO mon, knd to take thvmiptmr' 
over tlie two oomnMnditi); Genemls Uesju'diiiB nnd C ... 
This prvcwditig olll be found to hove hud k ooiuiderabliiil 
on the future upemtions. The Dnka of Coburo oi " " 

Stcienil Om 

MtdVkl of tl _ __. 

Mooverv of West Fl>n<lera. 

CiMrnltneeiirdlniilyBelDlTUin the Bth nf May, In ai>i>i- 
CaiirCmy, and croulng the Lya at Karlebiwhe, advanced ft, 
brigade of Vendamme, at Heulo, wlio retired before hitn M 
reao in Courtray, when CtairfaJt look twueuion of l' 
tha town, on the aide of Uiueghem. The f ranch G 
bad nurohad in preoiuly the oppoalte dirMiion, oa fkr H S 
where not fludin(t an oiiemy he douhlod back on hii o'-" 
Aelbeek, buC now lieacliiK of Ckirfait'a tnaroh he ft.. 
oruNwd the Lya at Klonin, on the I Ith, and eent ftx^vard H 
ui>on Monreele, Cn take hia advvtaary on hie right flank ki ' 
brigidea of Uaendela and Dewinter were sent al ''' ~ " 
ninforeo Vandamtne at Coui-tniy. All bring n 
they advanottl on Clairfait, wliu hail awunied a good pndtlaq 
hi* flanks nii the two chauaajra, the onu that lad on hie riob' '' 
anil tha other on hie left co Bni^e. It wb» thrve in th* 
before ilia Hghc bcjian, and It contlnned till tan al night, ' 

Irian silvunvad guard bi«vcly dianulod the df "■"— -^ 

town, and when aC aix u'docli the French t . 
through the fauxbourg, Clairfliil bninghl up hia n 
oavalry in a brilliant charge snatcerod the brigade of 
the Auitrian Ganoral tliuugbl it I'niduac to uke ai''-^ 



I.] COUBl.rS 7(ELB COUKTHAT XVD TOK UAUQni. 197 

I Knil rotiro ujKjn Tliielt ; this, imliting 
I effeotuilly from the Duke of Yiirk'n army, wm ■ virtuil defekt ; 
n-wiM nn ivaalt fulloired to citlinr side from the engagemant but 
* n if Mine ISM men, inolnditii; tli< Austrian □nnaml Wenok- 
Haedonnld eonld not get up in time fram Meoraele la lake 
Ft in tlie combal, or it might hnvo enilcd very differently, CkJrhlt 
i the good fortune, which ho oould MsralT have ox)ieet»d, at 

? joined at iDfielinuntiier by a detnehment of llHti*h troop* who 
Mt wrived (ram Ustend, andei> GeiinnI White, and wmo now 
Ipiiad witli the Hanoverian garriaon of Menin undci Hammentein, 
lia bripde of cavalry of Colnnul Linilngen. Thia eorpa of 
N immeiliately moved forward locoicrClairhJl'arotreatiDg ann; 
-be atnp tllU of the repalilieiinH. 

M Kohegrn, thinking the Uuka of York to be veaker than he 

■d to ha, determinad t^make an attack, the aomeday, on the two 

mitiei of hie Royai Kighneu'a position bvhind the Uitte rirur Ea- 

I pbiTe on the norbh.and the Marqueon theiouth. The French Iroopa 

craewd the latter etroam ehortlyafterdaybnak on tile lOth, in force, 

and wKili carried the village of Baalcnx, whicli wu well defended bv 

, ta nuilying delachmenl of Briliah light tmops, who tall back towarda 

The Froneli now advanced with a good oountenaaue, ao- 

.mpliin, and threatened to attack the Duke'a pMition between 

lain and Blandain. They might have auccecded in tuminii 



_ loiwBupy Iha wood of Baehy, on the groat road from Orehlea. 
__Ji Duke of York, however, ohsarved that Iha enemy might bo a»- 
MiUbIa to an ntlaek of cavalry in that dircclion, and aooordinglv di- 
ked Licut.-QenerBl llarcourl, with luiteeu aquadrona nf BnCiali 
It bocae and two of Auntrian huxaara, to move in the direction of 
ling, while Dundia'a brigade, witit Sir Robert Laurie and Vyet'a 
,jiU(iU of heavy liorae, were aent after him in aupport. A brieade 
Bfitiah infantry waa ordered Ui follow towarda BaaiouK and C^m* 
f^ilitnto the attack nf the cavalry. Harcourl Madlly over- 
the iniall biidy of the enemy's cavalry Hot againtt liim, but 
ing upon tbeir infantry, wbb received with a amart Hr< and with 
liManel, and wna thus clieekni until lie oonid got Up aomo 
■ ; but ttg aiHin aa tlie French aaw the iacreaie of troopa in their 
they^ retreated from Camphiu, cronaed the high rnad in friint 
iind mnde fi>r the village of Willem. The Britlah artiU 
nned and told with good eHfect upon tile Miamy'a ra- 
oolamna, who retreated wiui precipilatiou aoroea tlio Marqua, 
thirteen or lourteen gum behind them. Uundaa^ brigaile 
ed in lireaUiiitc in upon twa baitalioua, aonttered them, and 
.400 priMneni. The French atlacka on Dottignlea and Eai>ierrea, 
' unt dcfuuded by ilia HanBTrriana, Were anmewhat more auo- 
I, fur tbeae were driven back as far ai Warciiing; but tha 
. b ttrllmd agsin tlio followlnH daj, uk& ftvs WtLwoiraua* 
i»»rf'*;)enj»elveB in tbeir old noBidon. 



198 BATTH OP lOCBOOIje, [i.B. 

8, Uim.! OP TocicoM. 
The ■llieil poiitiim diiw ixtradrd frmn St. AtduuI In Tliiolt— tin 
Arohdnbfl at Din funtior pUw. tbn Dake i>r York «i Tminijiy, llaai> 
imnMviii wiih Whiu at Thourant, uid CUtrbilt ii Thivlt— mi (xmhI rf 
riiitjr Enirliih milw ! Oo the ISth thr Emperor >rni'«l u tamnaj, 
uid lb* Outoh troupa wen broaiihl bark to the liuke'i euny in few 
ol that towu. A plan wu itnv eoaoerlcd by KUck, whicti tud )M 
ill nbject to mvdo|i ibe kIioIs French Briny, by drawbif Indl 
Clalrfiiil aerow the Ljri, toneurrenll)' wllh ui ul*KDce froin Tonnij 
upon Mdnin, thu« entting iilT Piehfgni (r " ■'----- '- - 



>rrDmHn' ilkyi. 

oui liy multiplinl lubdioiiiioiKaf Uoopi, whieh eould oiil; ba hiw ^ fcl 
Into Iba Hold wlt)i > ctHnbinadoii imponlble for ■ny one hr»d la 
OKWute wltti the plMUion llinl wki detnuided to tnnlw ll MKOMfaL 
The Gener&tiHlnia aocardiiiBly directed alx cotumna lo much •linil- 
Luiemuly on Tonrauin: the ri^t, under GaienU Duuh. from War- 
coins; the lecand, under OtinenI OUo, moTinJ on WairBba; tba 
thiril. under the Duke of York, nu Lnunoy ; the tuurth, aadw 
Klniky, un the chauH>«« to Lillo ; lb* dnubnl (nir;>a, andnr Ckir- 
r>il,rroinThielt; ud that undir U>h Areliduki- fnim Sl Anwod. II 

inaolire in their caiupa betweea C<iurtn>y and PoM'li-Manina vUto 
Uiia band waa t^hteueil around them. 

tin the I6(h CLurfall, with twenty-Ate battaliona and twentjr-dfln 
•quaJnma, began hia iiivch to rroH the Lyi at WcthiiL. ad*Mii«ii| 
un LiBMllM. The aanw day tbc Dnke of York, with iwd** bM- 
lalluoa and trn aquadronn. ad«BDced on Mouvaui, >hil« Genoal 
Bu«h, with ten battalions aiul un lujuadruua u( IluiuTrrtaBaiU- 
tacked Uuawiuen; Utto niarcbad, with tlilrtwii baitslbMn and 
uleven MiuadniDa of Aualriann, to Tuurcuin 1 and Kluaky, »Mi 
t«Hl«a liallalioiia and aitlmn H|aadr«na, eniBMd Ihn Marqo* at 
Hovinaa, and together with tlie Arehdnko'a eor|>*. wliich irnw«4 •! 
I'onl-k-ManjDo, waa intendrd to minin tlie garriaou of Lilla fa^ 
adianeing on the Duke d( York'a leTI flank. 

Debegru happeitod to be abaont with the army of the Sanlwa ai 
the Dinmuil ut (heae moTeninntii, but Mnrcau aud Suuhani fo« vtad 
of ibo praiianUun* maklni;, botli at Tuumay and Mnnnele, fv lb* 
"plan o( dealruetiuu," aud took tlie bold rewilnlloo of marehlBg fii^ 
ward u Tounsuin, in the very mlibit of the uiBtny, to •ecuia tmt 
defend ibair eoiiimuniatinna with Uila. 

Clairtalt oncuuutend oomddxnbln raaiatanea Id tatabliaMns hi 
bridge at Werwlok, whieh, in fact, n^nlMl iiim Uiwe till the BB«n- 
isit of the IStb, «u that lie vnild not amv* to tblftl U> jian In Ike 
oombinatioD. U*iieral Buach majohed fmm Eaptnr** ami nniflfniaa 
and reaelwd MopainwD, wbrre Cli* Fretichwere iatnnabed; but iWy 
^Wimded tlwnurlvea eo well, that althouih thay aould i>ot pmaol tba 



BATTLB OF 



Yill»ge from being oecopied, yet GenenO Tliieny ohoeked tliom audi 
SouliBiu was uDuiiled to aeai n reiuCorcement fi'utn Tourcoiii, who 
DOW in tlieir tiuii usesiled tlio HRanveruuis, and druve iliem all llie 
tajty bftck to KspierretL Oito had advuired as rar as Taurcoin, driv- 
g the brigade of Compere before him uu (he v/ay til MoeKnieD, 
bnt coming up wilh soidp of Busoh's fugilives, they bu alarmed the 
GeDeml with their tidinga {exaggeraled, us usiuJ, by runaways), that 
Otto thought to estahli^ hja advance on Toureoin, and eeeure bia 
retreat by the occupation of Wntrelos and Leers, bo tliat he baited 
luB column, which thus aecnpind mear three miles uf road. 

The Duke of York conducted the third column ui person, but on 
IRiiiDg St Roubaii foiuid Chat the enemy waa tlierc in such force 
ef both inrauCry and cavalry, that be waa obliged to s«ud fbrnard 
General Abercrombie witb the BriUali guarda, tlie free corps uf 
O'Donnell, and tlie 7th and IGth light dragnons. After a slurp 
. ouUMtnade, he succeeded in drifiug the Fri^iich through the town 

d establishing himself in front of it. Here Uia Royal Highness was 

Ipooed to have remained the night, till he could hear of the pro- 
incM uf the flanking eolumns, but a poaitive order arrived from tbe 
EmpMor that obliged bini to prueeed to Mouvanx, to hold tho chana- 
■de between Lille and Menln, and whore he might expect to form a 
' JanetioB with Clairfalt's advancing column. The Duke foUDd that 
this place wua very strongly intrenched, but be at once ordered 
Abenromhie, with four battalions of guards, tu advance ; after tho 
Biiillety had made some impreasion these troujia moved retolutely 
■rd, Btornied, and got posaeHBion of the redoubt, When the 
French retreated, the cavalry under Churchill charged and cut 
down snnie 300 of them, and tile reruainder retii-ed to Bunduea, 
lotving three guns behmd them. Hii Roval Higlineas waa now 
nader the nec«asily to occupy this post, while he had to observe 
CkAx irn the ride of Lille and tho euemy on ths side of Tourcoin, 
ind Boenrdingly he took up his hcAd-quartei's at Roubaiit. 

The Prencb Generals saw the imniiuence of the occasion, and in 
Ibe ul|tfal set their troops in motion on evei? side. By the delay in 
CUffait's advance, the comoiunicsliona were free and open the whol? 
' «*y from Meniii and Cniu'tray to Lille. Availing themselves of 
tluai a ooinbined attack on the lUliea was concerted fur the n 
tnaniiagi Daendets wua ordered t 
< hldNVg \>y Aelbeck and Loingv upon 

Culnl was to mKrab by Mil 

Smhaiii wilh 40,000 men wns lo march hy the high roa4 ft'om 
Meain on Tourcoin; while Bonneau from (ho side of Lille, leaving 
• detachment under Oaten and Bnillot to chech any advance u 
Klnaky aud the Archduke, were to march rapidly through Wa>- 
iaahat,ta fall npon the Dnke of York's Dank. Hie Royal High- 
M«^ tine of march extended from Lannoy to Muuvaus. At three 
m the raoniiog of the 18th the French were in motion ; at daybreak 
tbaj Ktlaelied Otto at Lannoy, who ecnt lo the Duke for assistanoa, 
lAto imnediaiely sent olf some bKitalions uf Aoatriana under Colonel 
j IMvy, while he himself endeavoured lo join the guard* at Mouvaux ; 



bu camp at Poi- 

I Watreloai Thierry from 
a point; Geu 



1 OS TOUBOom. [ajt. 

omad la unite lilinwlf witli tienentt Fox 



jmwtrpd null ublij;iHl to ■lurfinliT. AbiTowuibii- hi 
rtcalTeil Ihe orrler fVom tlit Uuho la raUra nn Koni'- 
did thciwfon, though oxpuMi] lo & coiitiiiueil Dm; In^ 
ha only Jiwt lUOOHxtiH] iarrnining Ihitl p'kcdiMI'I in '> 
to QgnlU^a! Fox'a briiiitclBi fur niidlnK tftnno; In Ili<' 
lh« ui«Mr, he liftd iDino difflrutly In felling to Uw l> fi 
aud «■■ abllctd to iiwriflcn Kims ko"* *■><! "" ' 
bal •vruluull; rMcliod TDiii|>lrii*ii In NkTctf. Hi', >' 
niKny killed Knd wanmleil In tlila dnnsnroue fllj|lit. 
t/ni ooolnMn wtih which IJniir.-Gunenir Abararonil'" 
Oanmil Vox eamlueUil thdr oui'p* uiiilvr nuoh liiiii<: i 
did thini mucli lionour ; Inil nuUihig could 



lihiB < 
iinirr ltk« Uukit to riuli r»'' 



praguHd tba Brltiih euluuiD, Th« Gm)ieror, li(>"< 
BHiU) tho Jwtica to teknowWdn pnbliol.v, th«t tlic Mi 
oidamD «M tha nnljr ona of thv Hv* thai oumpiiMi'i i 
•KMBtad (rom them, Ilia Rajral KlgbnoH, In a ^■""'■'"1 '■''>'■': i 
dotnt with Ilia »tiuy on thii Ium of the aFlllii'i'>, " uliich, Imnit 
Inl tlnl haa hllati into the lianila of the wt-iay. in il>« KvIlI, i 
tSbtil ihen mattar nrirluniph ;" but ha Dximi'mii-ii te<iiu kll Ma 
and pMlaaa tlio " onuraga and rnnduot ot tli<> tri>ii)i<i." 

ll ranialna In ba explatiied how tliin cuUiinii niii"- ■■•■ 
team the aide of IJIIa, wbvii the Anihiluko Charli i 
with Uiirty-ono hatlalluM au<l fiirty- eight ■>|uaUl^>" 
peaad to bo b«iwa«n it ami tlinl turtrcH. Thu Ai'<'l' " 
to havo axpovlMl orUara fnim tkif link* of CnbiiV):, 
•rrivod. and ao ha nalcd at I.Mi|uin, on Ilia lii|{li i 
Amaud.aiitiaflod with the poHewi-iu of iha Craneh t:i 
hin. Nor did any of hia trun|ia Btir again till towiii i 
afteTDOOn, «lion itnf moved acraa* the Mufiiif i.i i . 
Ibev oitloiMi-d •omo of lU* f\isilWoa ui : 
wlifch tbcy I'punlied lo ihcir own niil.i 
Ktiiaky bad Riuiid tho Frenub (iaacral ll'^.i 
ramp al I^liinhiii, whn r*[lrvd lufuiw Im. 
finind Uoiinral Wnniili, nilli lU<> llomiiin i 

Uanaral, Inalnad l>r -h-'.: ::.'.:::■■ Ilhi- 'i ■::: 

attaoha, bolUljr lunir.i . . ' 

woald bava pitihni 

Briliali oavalry, 

lowinittlia Duke 

up uual o|iportniii'ljF (u ilie aid ul Kinak} '■ uuluiun. 



1791.'] BATTLB OP TOOaSAT OB PO»T-A-CIIIK 



Hid Dol now rest so jtuu)[ir« w tliu Qonnani did, fur Icavins 

. . baltnlioiw to BmilH tho nllirri tr.Hip«. Iir. ut oiicx iiiaivlied off, 

b (be niKht or the 17th— IStli, uillt ..]..,i>t Lll.Otlll in. ii t.> W.^squehlJ, 

fbod ilda^brmh fall on thafldil. lit Mil J>mI,.'.<i \ .<iI. lii lioutuiU.ns 

l«*lUiTAWmi, witli such tiMi eltVi-I, >ili:li' In-. <i|i| t:N sli'jii ill their 

'MvvuAA adrUl, nil hiaxiJu.. Iiml i,r\i, ,--,rii in .,,,1 \Uv ItHitu, aitd 
Jn*«IMthiiigarwhatbKdl>ti«iiguiiiy:iiij, until liu i1i<; Mli.hliui'iu'»iii]i«iJ 
'' ' ' la•U«^ Mid BeM djif WW mtiwhiid h> Murciiu i but wlii"i hi< 
Un Franoli in pmiwBaion uf Tuniuui, III mw 1i« Imil lu'rivr-d 
•nd thsrafuni ho oiuTiiKl off with tiini tuiiw iiinu emm anil 
,_. ._. I whuih bo hiLd onptured un his way, mill aoniuli-il liimnrir 
with ibia "ti'npliy" in ilia mjdat uf a mosC signal und oompleM 
■ ' M (rf tho tmif of wliioli ho (orniod n portlou • with tlioao he «m 
g^ to got bai^k b all hoeto t« his nld quan«ra at Thi«tt| 
o llio Anglo- Hun iiverian carpi, nndnr Ilannnoralcin, again took 
•iMt at Thouront. In tho oour» uf hia ailvanw tntai LincalltB, on 
IIm road M Runcq, ho was iireiwded by on advanced guard of two 
aqaailnuna ; »ita al tho Sth llntisli Kjiht dnftoona Mid nne at Henlana, 
fMic&ilnnolKBrt. Thme found thBimwIreaHiiddinlyenvelotiml b; 
A IWTB* diviaion ut tlia unvm)' : oiiIImI upon to aumndvr, tbuy bniralf 
"^ "*" d, and eut tlivir way, award in hand, to B'loaback, whnro t1i«* 
■d tho ImporinliBt General, with tlie Iiihh iif lwu-third« <i[ lllair 
fi. Tha lou of tliB nlliia In ihc battle of Tnursoiu ia «■ 
d U 80D0 men, with aixty piptni of oannoii. 
■nia Idotvaii, Suuhnm, and Bunnoau hiid tho foundfttlon of 
miUtM]' glory in tlir bnttlo of Tiiiircain. Flch«gru did ao( 
finro tho itnuy at tho Sanihre till the noxt morning : and aov 
una eauaa or ntiier. in tiun nf fnlliiwlni; up tha broluiD and dli- 
I aril))' which bin liuiiiuwnta liad ta utterly difvated, b* 
Miami iiuatlvD till the Z2nil, when he was only axcitwl (u nativitj 
Mr lb* prua|ii'«l of inttroeriting ■ oonvoy caming up from Um 
Mhohlli but tlio French aoldier wm not eaaily roBtruiivd in thoM 
I, and whpihor Ihoir Comnnndot-in-Chlef doairad it or not, iboy 
d U •tif time fui'ca him to a gf imral action. 

p. BaTTLS Of TUUKNiT OK PONT-X-CllIN. 

' Tha Daks of York had tnkon up a poaiiion tn covsr Taunia)>, 
' ' g hU right upon tlio Solicldt boblnd Tant-H-Chln ; Ih* ouitra 

)*ti Tini|>lauvD and lUuidaIn ; and lila lefl In ttmn at Lan^iain ; 

ft rlrulot runniiiK aloiiii the entire fniiit. The lulvanoe uf (.hinMBl 
fiiuMh wniK^iiiiHlilui'iiblyinfrantitt (dapiarroi; tin Arahduk* Charlw'a 
Bnrpa wim bururu l.nniain in rsar uf ttia lift. The Krench anny began 
» api^riiaoli at Kve in the tuomiag uf tlie SSrd, The brlgnila of 
)a*ndi-la iiiariiliiDg on tho ohauufo loading from Counray attaokad 

h at Kapierrea, who being aoiNiiy praaaed, G«neral Fox with a 

rtpJ" of Gngliih wu aent to hi* aupport; thli ktpt tho anoiny 
MfiatKrtl; In slicak to onahlo tlio lUnuroTiana to paia tha Sciialdt 
htk bridga at Warcoing, nnd tako poat on ths right bank of that 
wm. UiMDdnla doulniid tnr a mnmsnt whothor he aliuulil follow 
Ivar, {fiiT thiiy liaii ratiiwd too liaetily to reiuovs the 



BATTLE OF TOCEMAT OR POKT-A-CHIS. 



^ 



bridge,) bat he resnlved Bgainst il, bnmed the bridge, nod pMW 
himKir mt Pecq. Micdunsld villi the next colunui, paniag bj 
Otendela on hie marcb to watch the HuiocerUiu, nuTEbed br 
ward ; Genenl Thierry more to ^e right, and Comfi^re mure atUI 
mil imder the ehier euniniaud of Soulain, marebed hy EBlUDpnii 
mad W»lrelo« a^inot the British poailitin, dentined Id *ltul 
liie right and centre of it. BnnneBD ut the nune tint* uiovei 
oo Templeuve, whence ha pnahcd fcmnLrd the brigmde of Ge 
neni Salm to sttock a battery at Blandain, while Genetsl Omci 
threateoed the extreme of thU flank ^m WiUem. Tbe ouImm 
bavinit all retired bofore the enemy's advance, Bimneau luutM 
bimgetf obliged to withdraw £a1m, who wa* driven luck fraa M 
■aunlt at Uie redoubt in ooafaeinn ; the other atleniptB oo Ihr 
right flank were readily repnlsed by the troopa of the Archdoke;b« 
at PoDt-a-Chin Matdonald wbb more serionaly occnpicd: he h nil 
to hare employed a new metliod of attack, particularly adapted ti 
give superiority in an enckwed country. At the lieud of bis ootooui 
be placed artillery with riflemen, and under their coneurmt fip 
■dvuiced in confidence apon the British; live times he look Hn 
poM, nod five tiinea via driven out of it. Siiuhani ordered Thlm; 
to «rou UiG atreani, but not being properly mpported by Coiii|iitn 
that attack tailed to render Maednnald any aeivice, althoagh mat 
of hia tiraillsura did even penetrate to the hedgea in fmnt of PnI 
ennea, a ehort league from Toumay, where indeed tliay haU iM 
ground till uear five in the arkemoon. The fire, both of artilUi^ aai 
mBsketry, in theae eneonnters, ia aaid to have been heavier than ill 
oldest aolrlier on the field ha^l ever wituBBBed. From the ratuna 
of expended musketry on bulh sidea, it ia aaid to have bean (h 
Krealest musketry battle of lh« whole war, for the number of bodia 
left in the orchard, the scetie «f the principal conteet, waa aud to b 
terrible. At this time tbe Duke, feeling the vast imporuuioa i 
holding Pout-i-ChIn, aeni for the division of General Fox, whidi hk 
been paased across the river, snd the Prince of Cuburg aenl up ■em 
AuMrian battaliuna and a Urge body of Oavalry to aaaiat in cMvtfl 
back the enemy; with this aaatsCaoce the British po w catd iImm 
selves of tbe village at the point of their bayonets. Fraati rati 
fiovementa also came op from other ^uartera, aud the Prawh a 
every ude were driven back bcrose tbe rivulet ; Maedonaid thwrfb* 
called three battalions to cover his retreat, and got back at ol^ 
tall to bis position of the momiug. The fatigue of the day, wl* 
fifteen hours' fighting, did nut admit of purauit by the British, aoHu 
but for the trophy of a tow gnus, the massacre uf some tboBwn^ t 
Dum was all the result of tliia sanguinary uiTair, in wbicb it ia m1 
M leait SOW men were placed km dt aomhat. Itad Oairhlt bass i 
Hue loalead of some leogaes off on tbe other aide of the Lyi, or h» 
the British brigades of While and llammerslcin been with lU 
ODuMrymen, the Kreneh might liave been very roughly hi 
it was, il waa an uiidoubted defeat of the French, M whiob 
of York ileserved sll the honour. 



oTwhietiMjg 



1794.] KXFLEOTioira. 208 

10. RETLKCriONS. 

It may be remartied very gencosUy that jostles U nrely ran- 
dered to iho British Hrmies by cuntinenlal writen on'wor, and llilB 
bsttle of Font-i-Cliin is ui cxam|i]e of it ; it may be kdmitted thkt 
the fkult ia very much our own., for do deguirtiiient of IJriliili 
ntenture ia confeaaedly so b&re as tlie militnry bn>nc!i of it. 
Neither the Britinh genernla nor traops wure Boawerable foi the 
revfltoea at HoadBcboote or ToureoiD ; bot tbe Burvice of their &r- 
liUacy, and the sliill of their engineen at VatenoieiiTies ; the renown 
bf their cavalry stVillerBenCauehieandCateau, wbieb hud resotmded 
to the very e^ctreme of the empire; the extraordinary bravery of 
their iofantry at Liacellee, Pr^mnut, Mouvaux, and ronl-k'Cbin, de- 
■arved notice, if not fromtbe"VifltfiireHetCoDqUJI»B"of the Frenoh, 
t least &um the impartiaHty of sucli an nuthoiity oh Joniini, and 
ertainlyfrom German writers, who ehould not epeall of the"SDhlMt 
bei Tournay " ma victory of the Frenoh. A battle which lasted (Mm 
' -- -'- -he morning till nine at night, exalnaively directed againil 
, I of tile Duke of York poalod on the right of the Jineilinn in 
front of Tournay at Pont-I-Chio i n low of about 61)00 to the enemy 
togetliBT with GOO prisonere aod eeveii pieeee of canDoo, and tbe 
object of tbe BBHailants c^mpleteiy foiled, is au unquesliuned claim to 
victory; yet I am nut aware that any even uf our own hieturiei apeak 
of the Britiah victory at Punt-i-Cbiii. It ia true that the fatigue of 
■ e day and the deficiency of cavalry rendered the Duko of York 
lable to follow up hii nuccese ; but Genera] Pichegro, finding that 
I eonld make no furtlier impresaion in this quarlvr, altogether de- 
ited from any fnrther attempts againgl the Britiah, and reaolvcd 
I to carry the iheatre of war elsewiiere ; consequently the Emperor 
- ■ - "■ and Prince Culiurg repaired to the Iroperialiat 

tng the Duke uf York alone at Tournay, 



|'«4ia« he occupied himself in forming an intrenched camp, 
noTide for its snfe defence, until the resulla of the battle < 
Flenrua again called upon him to take port in tbe roverfea of 



dw allies. It is well known that a bhiudy decree hod been raseed 
* * Convention, which woe dated this very day, ordaining that no 
T sbonld be given to any garrieon which aiiuuld not surrender 



. D twenty-four hnurs aflcr the first aummaiie. The Duke of 

York brnnediately noticed it thus in general ordeni " llle Itoyal 
HigtineBB uiticipatea the indigiiaCiun and liorror which iiatUiuUy 
~ '~ • in the minds of the brave troopa whom he addreBsea upnn 
Ting this information. In all the wan which fruiu the earlietl 
■ have eiiated between the Eogliiih and French iiationa, they 
been aeeustomad to consider c-ach other in Iho light of goneroua 
Hwell a* bravo enemies. Uomnnity and kindncM have at all timea 
fak«a place the instant that opposition ceaMd, and the aame cloak 
.kulm]Ueiil]yonverod those who were wounded, fiienda and rnemiai 
Indiaarlmlnaiely, when conveyed to the hospital of the conqueror!. 
Iha Briltah and Hanoverian oriiiiefl wilt nut believe that Ihs Prsneb 
p*0|i1e, even uu<I«r ilieir present iubluntion, can so far forget tlieti 



201 AUSTBIAHS GEOCSaBFtTX O^ THB S1.UBBI. [XH. 



ncter as aoliliers na ti> |«y nny attenlion tn H decree u injuriout 
lemselvea as it is disgraceful tn Ilieir rulers ; null therelbra hi* 
Royal Highneea tmata tlmt tlie Hi^ldiBre of hoih natiooB will oou- 
flne llieir sentimenu of ibhoirenco to iho Nations! ConTenliDa 
alone, persuncled that tliej will tie jiiined in tlient by onrjf 
Freiiehmnu who poHseesea one spark of hononr or <Hie priticipla of a 
• "ler." 

II. THB AttSTttliNS S0CCESSFI7L ON THE SlVBRS. 



jaoda, b; nugnieiiting the Franch army on the S&inbre, and thu tlie 
artny, called "of the ATdennea," under CliBrbonnier, bftd boon uniHd 
with the army " of the MowUe " c4imin&nded by Genenl Da^w^na | 
tha united forces unounling now to SO.DOO or 6(1,000 men. TtMaa 
were inl«Tidod tn eperate the aami: diversion nn the left of IhealtlaaM 
Sonbamaud Mnreau hadexecuted on their riKlit. and Jourdain wM n«V 
rapidly advancing from the Rhine with a strong reinrorcfloienttii anai*! 
the wine object. The Austrian army, oomniaaded by Prinee KauuiU, 
was intreai'lied behind the Sambre, near Merbea, havinj; slronic a4< 
vaneed p<>8U at Hantea and Thuln. At break of dny of the lOth 4f 
Hay the republican army advaneed anainnt it in aeirm onlumna i Uar- 
eeaUDII the right marched strught on Thuiniind drove the AnstriiON 
inlD that town, while Duheame Doming up nn hisrijjhttuniedthotmbi 
thmr retreat, and furced tliem to get over the rivsr near I.nliln-s : the 
French nn the following day nmaaed the river lower it<i.> n. 
bays d'Alnce. General Deipraux at the same time •■.: ■ 
with hia division, and drove the enemy aeroBB the i-: 

EHition at MBrbBB,butnot, however, until an atlaek tiv I 
rquelinne was auccesHrully repelled by the AuBtri)u)^-. ' 
Huneau ciune up from the side of Fnntaine I'GvJqag ami 'vivi |~<n'- 
tiated to St. Genevieve and Vellereille, which Indiiocd the AuMnan* 
to withdraw altogether from the camp, whieb yet rcmaiood, tenm 
the river at Hantes, and retiring out of the village af Mrrbea, tliey Daw 
look up tbiur intrenclied ground with their riaht at Grandreng, their 
eentra at llnuvroi, and their left behind Bineh ; here ihoy wen 
joined Ly Wemech'a oorps, sent by the Prince of Umnga from 
Denain. On tlie 13th the divisions of Mailer and Uespcaox Wan 
ordered to attack the right uf this poaition, and Frnmnntin lb* 
eentre. while Favreau was to sully for a diversion nut of MaubmiR^ 
md Marceau to make demouatratious frotn the side of llinch aM 
Mans. Muller, after some suocesa at first, was driven baok bj the 
AualTiana from his attack upon Crnndreng in great oonruaion. Wtv 
msntia In hia attack of the eentre had hli horse Itillcd, and waa bin ** 
■0 bmiud, that be wai obliged to quit the Held, and DBheam*; 
hia emnmand, but the Imperial cavalry (sll upon this diviti 
theviIUgBofPeiihant,aDd in their chai^ cut tha lOth lt|thk. 
of tbe republicans to pieces. The Austrian* liavioif liiM 
thamatlvrB from the Freneh atinok, leak in their turn Ibfe 
narehed forward against Duhestne, Degjieaux, and MdUi 



17M.] AVSTRIASa BUOCESSFCL ON TILE SAMBRE. 205 



cAliged all three diviKiiins to recroea tlie Sambre. Tliia atTiilr rost 
Itie lepublicHn laiay 4000 men and twelve )iieeeB of cuinon, :iad was 
lursbla to Priuce Kannita, wlio pdued the victoiy. 
nimiswrii-B, intent oil tlie -opture of Charleroi, ini>i<ted on 
another Kltcmpt agunst the Auetriin pueitinn ; uid the French armj' 
fru >gftin nrried umss the Suinbre ou the 90t1i of May, uid took up a 
{WBilioii facintc the AuBlriui General, with the left at Erqnetiniie, uid 
Ibc right at the Abbnye de Bonne Eflp^ranee : the divi«ion of Dea- 
nemus forming a Hecoiid line in (he wood of Siliermont. On the 2lHt 
rrinoc Kaunitz advanced to Mtnok the lepublieans in this poaitian, 
And M little woa he expected that the French troopB were hardly In 

!lion. The French cavalry under General Hantpoult deboucbing 

n Onndreng were OTertumed, and the Austriane advanring upon 
greDDd between Erquelinne and tlie wiind of SBliermant,coinplet<:W 
toound it of the enem^ , and drove the brigade of Poncet off the field, 
KMwr advised hie Buprrior oncer to order an attack by General Mayer 
> Auatrian left, near Bonne Bap^rauee, which bad rested inactive, 
lean* forretrieving the day, but Ueajardiua and Charbonnler were 
HI to Btand atill, and remained impassve in their poution, with 
bftck to the Sambre. On the 34th Kleber was sent to make a 
id fonge in the direction of Fonlaine rBv^qne with IS.OOO men, 
Kaunitf! having obtained infomiation of this intention, moved for- 
1 hi> left to tahe advantage of the ahaence of so many troona oo 
dittssiim. General Fronientin was leieurely encamped at Pechant. 
Auttriane advanced against him at daybreak, eurpriaed him, and 
.. .Ml three battalions to lay down their arms; another attack was 
Bkde nponMoller and Ceapeaux in their ui trenohments at Erqueliuse ; 
Uid Miotber on General Mayer at Bonne Espfnuice : but while the 
Itlia were driving the enemy beftire them into the river, Kleber, 
Ig the firing, returned quickly, and checked the Austriuis in 

mil at fit. Genevieve, but, aeelng he was already too late 

the misflhlef, he rapidly marched to hta left to Lobbea, 

stopped the Auatriaus till Mayer had time to come up, 

ihan ihfy all repassed the Sambre to nlly the army alreah beliiud 

' riTOr. lu Uiis gallant and auceeBeful uperalJon of Kleber's, the 



Ui&« 



Ibcir f 



Mgadlor Beniadotte tirst distin^ished himselr. The French' loet 

B wa kflkir 4000 men in killed, wounded, and priBontire,Bnd tweoty- 
gwu. Baron Sohroeder, following up the succeae, entered the 
D of FonlaiDo I'Evtque, atlsr a brilliant affair of cavali7, and 
^^ id ihel* * conaidorable couvoy collected by Kleber, which hs 

MMMd and carried away. 

i^Tb* cemtninariee were atill urgent on tlio genenla to make 
tr attempt ■ci'oea llio Sambre, but the tnnipa were so diseou- 
by tikilure and by fatigue, without ahoee <ir proviaiuna, that the 
andere adviwd rust and lime to repair their diBBStcre ; but the 
hb Bailed a oouiioil of war at the hrad-qiiarten at Thuin, and 
alter was under calm dlscuBsloti, when Uie iinniiniBBaTy St. Joat 
itiiy put an end tu all further debate by declaring, " 11 fkut 
n ime Ticloire i la r^publique: choialsaeK eutre un aitge on 
•Mllo." Jourdun waa hourly ex|>eet«d with reiiifurcements 



206 AUSTBIAlfS SUCOESSFITL OS THS BA.MBBS. [XJ). 



fvom the army of the Moeelle, and every thing eoaoaelled delay; 
neverthelesA, these commissaries had been proved too dangenma to 
set at defiance, and accordingly the army was immediately pot in 
motion for an attack the very next morning, the 26th of May. Mar- 
ceau, with the brigades of Duhesme and the cavalry of Haatpoul^ 
crossed the river near Marchienne-au-Pont, and seeing how mneh 
depended on a first success, at once advanced with nine battalioof 
and four regiments of horse ap^ainst the camp of the Austrians at 
La Tombe, just above the bridge. Muller and Despeaux paMsd 
over near the Abbaye d'Alnes, and V^zu, crossing the river higher 
up, covered the right. Fromentin attempted to pass at Lemea, but 
was caught by some Austrian batteries right and left of his passage, 
and forced to give up the attempt. The troops of General Mareean, 
however, having reached the shelter of a wood, positively refaaed to 
advance further. Kleber, seeing many of the men to bo Alaaciinii 
Jbarangued them in German, but to no effect. Nevertheless the Aii»> 
trians, ignorant of their difficulties and perplexed at the intention of 
the republicans, or not knowing how to take advantage of their | 
position, quitted their camp of La Tombe, and retired through i^iar- ! 
chienne, leaving only a small garrison there, to defend it against the ! 
approach of the enemy. | 

The Prince of Coburg having some time deliberated whether to | 
defend Toumay or Charleroi, at length resolved up(m the latter ; and | 
the Emperor of Germany quitted the camp near Toumay to save ! 
Charleroi. Kaunitz, in the full tide of victory, was unfortunately ' 
now recalled to Flanders, and the separate command on the Sambro | 
devolved on the Prince of Orange. 

The French commisnaries, elated at the most unexpected result : 
of their attack on the 26th, resolved upon another advance on the I 
29th, to invest Charleroi. Marecau, in ccmsequence, directed Dobesme | 
to attack Marehienne, the wall of which was cr^nelded, and defended j 
by artillery ; nevertheless, the French brought their guns to bear I 
so as to ruin these defences, and were thus enabled to reach the 
bridge over the Sambre. Duhesme cn)S8ed the river, immediately 
followed by Fromentin, and Marceau took up a position at GoBseliea; 
so tliat on the 30th they were enabled completely to invest CharleroL 
Mayer was entrusted with the siege of the place ; Muller and Des- 
peaux were left to guard the passage of the Sambre against the 
Austrian ailvanco from Thuin ; and at Maubeuge, Ferrand, with his 
garrison, kept watch against all opposition by way of Landreey and 
the forest of M<M'male. 

The Emperor arrived on the let of June, with reinforcements, 
and the allied army, under the Prince of Orange, now comprised 
thirty-nine battalions and sixty-one squadrons, Dutch and Austrians, 
in all somo 35,000 men, but he left 6000 or 7000 to goard the camp 
near Grandreng and Erquelinne. General Latour, with the right of 
the allied army, was forthwith directed to make an attack on the 
French investing force on the 3rd, from the side of Forchiea and 
Fontaine TEvt^que. Werneck was to attack the republiean troops 
near Gosselics, and Wartensleben at llausant, with Quaadanowieh 



1794.] TPBES DEaiEOED ASD TAKEN. 207 

oa the aide of Fleurtu. Viza, with a, single brigaile, was bX once 
DTerwhelmed by these two )iuit divisJuiiB. Fiuniuiitin, at ihe rame 
time, finding his left flank uucovered. Had outtlauked uii tlie other 
" " by Werneok, fall buck in tlia grenteBt hiiBle, and seeking tlia 
of the wood of Monce&ux, wu eiiubled to get utraea the 
( Landelj. Mayer, to wlioni had been enlrugted the siogo 
nf Chftrlenri, and who had taken poat near Dnmprem}', was oaaailed 
bj the oolumna in puranit of Fromeiitin and by a sally from the 
gkriison, which obliged hitn to FBise the atefse and get atmy aa faat 
aa be rouid across the river, Mureeaii, on the advance of Latour, 
fennd fannaelf obii|jed to march, nitbout logs of time, to Msrcliienne, 
vhere he, furtuuatvly, atiU preserved the bridge, and (happilyfor the 
Franohi who ware altugether in evil case, and had lost at loose SOOO 
inen m the attack) Goneml JourdBin arrived the next morning at 
Chatellet, with the army of the Moselle, cDnaiBtiiiK of <IO.I>00 men, 
and took the comniand of the entire force, now called the atmy of 
the Skmbre and Meuse. 

12. Ypres beiieged j,sj> taken bt TBS Phench. 

To return for a moment to North Flanders ; Piohegru, after the 
battle of Pont-^-Chin, seeing the bold front that the allies had shovn 
there, turned himself from the British and advanced towards the 
AuAtnan army of Clairfait, who had isolated himself in hia camp at 
!rbiell, and appeared to the republican General on eaaier enterprise 
t»r his forces. The attention of the AuHtriims was, however, so fixed 
tipun their eucoesses on the Sani\ire, that Clairfait showed no dis- 
position to retire from his ciiinp, and accordingly, on the 1th of June, 
Ihe investment of Ypres was without any inlerruption completed 
under Moreau, by the arrival of the brigadea of Vondamme and 
Uidund, ud the engineer Dejean was at once commanded to begin 
tbt tiegc. Pichegru placed hia amy of abservatinn, under Souham, 
U Puachendaele and Langliemarcq to watch Clairfait'a niovemenla, 
and Goneral Bonneau remained at Moeacroeu (a hnie an eye upon 
the Dnlw of York. The Piince of Coburg unadvisedly selected this 
^wment to withdraw some Austrian troops from Clairfait, in order 
lo atrengtlien the army of the Prioce of Orange, and moving aooie 
Batuverian battalions from Touniay to replaee Ihem, he made, on 
iliB Oth, a strong reconnaissBnce towards CourCrsy, iiilirDding, OD the 
loth, to make a forward movement for the relief of Yprea, uie siege 
'of which place continued. 

On ibe (>Ih the besieged made a vlgorons Borlie, but although it 
^Iwd some partial Bucccss, it could not break the iiiTcnlment, On 
Ihe 7th an attack was made by an Anstrian division against Qenentl 
'Uichaod, occimpaiiied by a sortio from the place, but it was not 
IKH«oa»tul, and on the 10th the flmt parallel woa completed and 
'((•fniahed with ten batteries; but the aiege was not pushed wlih the 
!TlfMir reiiui*''^! for want of aiega material, whioli, however, began 
•I tfab litne to arrive from Lille. The iatention of the Prioce of 
Cobarg ti> make some endeavours to save Ihe place tronHpired, 
ftSd Iwcams known to the French grnerala, who, accordingly, ar- 



208 AUSTRiA2(s GuccaaaFiTL ois the bambbe. [kJi. 



noged tliftt & siirtie Rhoolil be niide Frooi Lille *cn»s the MxniD* 
ntwr CfBoine mil townrija Orcbies, iu urder to induce tli« &1Ir<1 
tntopn, whioh were to have nombined in >tt>d[ with Clair&it's corpiv 
toheailkte. ThiBWns PicheKru's scheme; uidhe nowwlvftiimd «ith 
hii carpa uT iibBsTTBtion M Dadizele lo altaek Cluiikil, wlia h«d, io 
purauuice of the plans a( the tieneraliramoi advtnecd lu liooghlolb 
On BichesTu's kdvance the Austrian iaimediilelj withdrew buk 
■gkin into his omp at Thiett. GEDontl Sslis, the UovernuF uT Ypnii 
■ma Dowsgain suniniDned,indtlie second pftr&Uel oamineuaed igniwl 
tba place in the night of the llth— I2tli of June. The lit iiwtis Nf 
the AuBtrisns was at leugth muaed, and on the I3tli, at seven in tk 
monuag, Pichegni was nuTprised by a general attack on hie )iaaltian; 
his right at RousivUer was an vehemeutly engaged, that tlie brif[adr* 
of Malbrancq and Saloi were drtren back, and the whole fnrMi of tla 
Auetritn attack fell upon Mocdonald at HoeghMs. This Geitaal 
made such ejiiiellcat ainuigements lor the defence of his poHtieB, 
that all tlie attempts of the Austrians in six houn could DM bnak 
his infantry, and this gave time for General Winter lu ootne up wllk 
bis brigade, who, rallying tlie fagilivea who had beeu driven iiul u( 
Ronse^aer, rcgsJned that plnce, and the Austrians weM r<iresd In 
TStin agvn into their caiup at Thiell. with the lusa i^ 900 ID«B 
billed and wounded. All tlie whUe that Ypres was llius ill fM- 
pardy, and that CIsJrfait wna cslled on, fur Uie fifth tiiiip, to iiiHt i 
French isolated attacks, tlie Archduke Charlos, with an tnaj «( 
30,000 men, retnaioed inactive on the south of Touruay. nod u 
army uf 8000 Britjefa reueully arrived fmni England, under Lord 
iloira.were n'aitinjiordenatOsteud. Itis scnrcely Barpri^n);, thrra- 
fore, that, (bur days after this, on the 17lh nf June, the jilsca ebonU 
have been forced to surrender with n garrisun r>[ GOfKI men. NaTir~ 
IhelesB, on the 18th, juBt a day too late, the Prince ut Caburg nuind ' 
Up with twenty-two battalions Ukd forty-nx sqiiadruiia to reiiifum I 
Clairftiit ; but on his marcli, at Coegbem, he learned th< 
of Ypres, and at tiie same lime that Jourdun had again 
Sunbre. Fichegru, as soon aa he had plaued Ypnis in a amu N 
deleoce, advanced against Clairfut, who retired from Thidt Ml 
Deyiise, nhore Soubatn came up with him, tW'k from him ten gtoa 
and 300 priaoners, and drove him to lake roFu^ in Ghent. 

13, Tub Aitstbuns arb «gain scccbssvcl oh the Sahob*;. 

General Jourdun had no snoiier gut his two armies in band, 

tlum he resolved to cross the Sambre, whiah had so utten tulad hU 

predecetsarB in command, und he took his meaaures so wait, tbil 

he carried Ins army dfectually- acrosa the river on the 13tb,>Bd 

El invested Chwleroi. Ilia plan was arranged lu ourar lbs 
L'Wilh his left resting on tho rivulet Pielou al Ti'SUHDiae, his 
it M Goaielies, and Ma rigbt on sume thick wimkIb Dt«r ijni- 
Ik ahnlting on the Sambrs. General Hatry was plwwd IB 
Hirfthe bniegiug forces on both sides of that livpr.and ujimvd 
M* against the place on ttie night of tlie Uth— loth of JaiB 
force oJF the oonteuditig armies was very diapropartiuuktsL The 



BATTLS OF PLBtBtTH. 



200 



10 of Orangf, wltli IIih [livinions of Iii?aul1tu, Wornscfi, L&tour, 
^iiHixl Know loll. Hiid Wartiiiialfliori, miintpi) M.OOO meni JDurdnln, 
irith tlid iliviiiiiiii* (if MiifMii, Mityer, Lettbra, ClmmpiDnnrt, Marlol, 
- , . >*! Mimtnigo, Mid MuUnr, witli Duboia'a «iv>lr}',auunte(l 

■•ru'ly 90,000. 'l'li(> Prinva of Onin^ neverChaloi* rctalvtid W nmhe 
"l« ktMcli. In flva onlumnii on tha morning of th« Iftth, in iho mldat 
• thick fug, kt tliQ vorv mnmaut whca Jourdaln wru Batiully oon- 
' ' a iho iiro|irla()' of ronklnfl the «tt««k hlmiiiilf, Mid had eom- 
1 to put hU uv«pi la motion, but % violeut Dntninuado Kloag 
h imtpoaU Rwoka hirn to t1i« neovwlty of hta own dereno*. 
~~n Wtcnlimm nfllici Anntmii nltiiek liad adviMieiHl tiofiir* tht 

iiiil'l'ltii' iMtiiriiiiiiil ipf I'liii.'i' RriHH, full UpOB MarWAD, 

-iHi.i X: liiiiir 111 ri.iiii <,r I :iiiil.iimrt, fiitnlne hf» ndwff- 

IH llii. t-nii- ,il 1 'mil 1.1 l,,iii[.. "Iilc.ll sHtblml UiB I'rfnM to 

ir,l III,., .■i.hiiiiii [i> iiii' ;;,Tiiiii I'liriiiHitA towttTila CImtIwoI. 

•■ iiiiK' i;<'ii. ml WiTii.n),, Bjiii iin' Mwund column, Hirlod 
w, Slid Ijitiiur. witli tliti tliird, lind ponicMad hlntulf of II«p> 
.iB,lii whiuhhoucured hlmnlF, Tli« two enlumn* of th» cmtra, 
[F Bmniluu Mid Alvltial, niarohad coiionitriokDy by Mcllot nnd 
~i«, mM on tfaa oliniiMJa tu Quawllra, and wrra on thn piiint of 

SlIwrniWlTnimwitrraiif l'ont-i.,Mlgnplfitiii, ■vli'ii .I'lvHiiir i-nntp 
tli> MMTva of niivalry, and laiiRi."! < ;< ^ i ii i i<<i mnt 

i« BtmuiDing' enluinn, who nliai^d with *•!■•>• ' : 'h) 

|«arttooli«O0in»iMid<iivM<)n>ii». TIiIh,:!.' i '. .. ,.t 

Mot and thn brigado of Marlut Id i ^n' i . <r | . i . I.ui 

.tl hnind theniMlvBa oomprmnlMfd, by tlu' iirr ivnl nf IVince 
. M Hi ihalr rmr, at the mill naar Juroet, and the; retired in ([mnt 
lHird*F npoD Marohianno, Wartenalebenbid baAidlrectod ajiatniit 
■ Fmiohlaft at TravegnlM, from wlienco h* dialaitrd tlia IiH|{ada 
pFUilar, but found hlraiwlf atoppcd by tlio dlapMliloni of KlebWj 
iho hroi^h I forward ibe dwlolnn of Diihaamn, with tha brlgitd* oi 
TMninit*, who rettiiik tlin villnEU by tha haynnni, ami thwatoned 
I winjga of the advance wi wriiiualy with hi* cavalry, that th* 
_. AHana would have been hnro driven baak, but for tli(i miocnaM 
Ml!ah bad altoiidrd their left attaok. Bi«ull*ii and AIviiiT^I, iih 
con oa they fuund thtmielvta free from their '>|ipiming fim't'", tiitti'id 
their loft, and jnat aa the tog cleared foil upon Lcfi'dr", wlm, 
nirnriacd and alarmod, flod aeroH tha river at Chatollet, Juitninln, 
MMnD tha atata of IhtngK, orUareda general raimi, and tlint KIcbiT 
~ BitU eovnr It. 

i Tha iviainu of the aloea nf Oliarlerol wiui Iha Immediate oonMh 
MX* of thia battle, ami th<aiill»u, Alvintl, and Latonr gained Rrmt 
t for thrir diaiinsulelied conduot, 1'hn Idm uf th« allie* wa* 
'"9, and that uf the Franoh al 4000 nwc 



14. Cn*ii(.anoi tuutnaaD mo tikin— Dtni-a or Futuaira, 

i'Thl Prlnea of Co burg, who does not appear tn have lind any *ery{ 

idplan of nperallnna, undartheinlluonooof iht*Kiine«aa,Bnd '" 

lb of tha di*rm|i(iriiiiiiati> iiiiinbew of tho Prlnca of Oi 

IT anln aent ulT rriiiforoeini'iila to tbu aaidaluin) uf C'lnirfHlt, 

[ VoZ IV. 



e* waa I 

m 



210 BATTLE 07 TLItlBtJS. [▲.]!. 



withHtanding that Ypres wa§ atrem<l/ taken ; bat when^ on th* I8tb 
of June, he saw the French army more for the fifth time acroM the 
Sambre, and nit down for the third time before Charleroi, tlie allied 
fieneraliMimo thouf(1it he had marched and countermarched hia arm/ 
sufKciently,and therefore he determined to call in both Clairfatt and the 
Archduke Charlefi to the 8ambrc,and to cntnifitthe defence «»f Flan- 
den wholly Uf the Duko of York. Accordingly, on the SOth, the 
Prince brought out all the AuHtrian troopA he could collect together, 
for the defence of Charleroi , and on the 22nd hin Ilighneaa hiraielf 
joined the left wing of his army at Nivellea, and t<iok the command 
from the Prince ol ^Irange. It is unaccountable why the cfimmanding 
General had been m long absent fr(»m his pf>8t, for the enemy were 
again oGcupi*.>d by the siege of Charleroi, which was already sorely 
prosflcd, under the vigorous proceedings of the French engineer, 
O^lonel Marpscot, who had opened a new trench on the aide of Moo- 
tigny. On the 2lMt Kleber had enountercd the Austriaiisat Herlay- 
mont, and had some succcmn>s against them, in which they liad lost 
some guns to tlio cavalry of General Dubois. The Prince of Coborg 
could not, of course, know what was <iccurrini{ in the French aimp,or 
he might have acted with greater (>oldness. There the commiwary St 
J4jst, a coarse, violent man, was putting evfry thing inUi jeopwrdy. 
He had even ordered Jourdain to detach 30.000 men to Pichegra'i 
army, which the General-in-Chief, however, had the ccmrage Ut rr- 
luse ; and lie took on himself to order a captain of artillery to be shot 
in tho trnncliGs, for some neKligence in the construction of a battery, 
and would have carried the same measures of punishment against 
General llatry, who commanded the siege, and Colonel MareaooC, the 
en(;ineer, but for the same firmness in General Jourdain. Theso things 
had done no g(K>fi to the diHcipline of the French army. Tlie sipge, 
nevertheless, was pushed forward with suriirising energy, and on iha 
2dth the firo of ilio place had been completely overcome. The 
Governor was again summoned and refused ; but as the bemexen 
were preparing f'lr an assault, he sent a flng of truce to uegr»iiate 
with the republican General, bearing a letter with the terms he 
desired. St. Just liap]i(*ned U) be st the out]K>st when the flag 
aiTived,and tearing up the letter without ofiening it, he replied with 
arroganc", " C's n'est pas un chiffon du papier, c'crst la plsce <|a« je 
demande." On the reply of the General, the Guvemifr capitalaled 
with the honours of war, but scarcely had the Bnisaela gate bectt 
given up Ut the lH>si<'gerH, when the mmwl of artillery anpriaed tba 
wretched garrison that the groat army was, at length, advaneiiig lo 
its succour. 

The AuHtnan advance was, as usual, inst too late. If the Princ* of 
Coburg had attacked inimodintc'ly he had collect«Hl hia f»rcra,i«if 
he had had that inti-lliKenee with the garrison of Charlend which if 
niit;lit be supposed was not imfHissible after it had l>een alrc«dy twiet 
relieved, he mit{lit have fought the Irattlo which he now ■ought wHh 
some pnisi»ects of advantage. The attacking army, now that it «M bU 
united, is Mieved to have counted 1 10,000 nien,or, at all eventa, Joar- 
dain sup|K>sed it greatly superior to hia owuiand accordingly Jndgsd il 



1794.] BATTLE O? f LSUBUS. 211 

pmdent to receive the battle on the ground he already occupied for 
the siege; nevertheless, a circular position extending ten leagues, 
though tit for covering a siege, was not the best that might be 
adopted for a battle, and especially with a considerable river behind 
him ; however, he prepared for the attack with all the courage and 
ability of his chiuracter, and established General Hatry's siege 
division in reserve, which, now that the place was taken, had become 
disposable ; and Greneral Kleber's force was placed in a second 
line at Jumet, so as to give support to whichever extremity might 
be assaulted. The Prince of Coburg had selected his plan of attack 
at his leisure, but the military theory of the day, falsely called that 
of Frederick, was to subdivide the attack into many parts, with the 
object of keeping the whole line of the enemy occupied, instead of 
choosing what might be deemed the weak point of the enemy's posi- 
tion, and fttUing with all your might upon it ; however, the Austrian 
attack was now made by nine columns impinging on so many points 
<^ Jourdain*s circular position. The Prince of Orange commanded in 
person the three right columns, consisting of twenty-four battalions 
and twenty-three squadrons, and advanced from Fontaine I'Ev^ue, 
sending General Latour forward by way of Trazegnies and Mont-ik- 
Gouy, while he himself advanced through the W(K>d of Monceaux. 
Quasdanowich, with fourteen battalions and sixteen squadrons, moved 
along the great chauss^e by Pout-^-Migneloup upon Gosselies. Prince 
Kaunitz, supported by the Archduke Charles, was to possess himself 
of Fleurus ; and Beaulieu, with 16,000 or 18,000 men subdivided into 
three columns, was to attack the right of the French position, near 
Lambusart. The action began at break of day on the 26th of June, 
each attack commencing nearly at the same moment The Prince 
of Orange drove General Daurier's brigade before him through 
Fontaine TEveque and Rus ; Daurier derended himself inch by inch, 
until about ten o*clock a portion of Montaigu's division came up to his 
aid, and the Prince, having in vain employed the aid of his cavalry, 
was obliged to fall back, crushed with the grape of the enemy's batte- 
ries. Latour having possessed himself of Trazegnies and Mont-ik- 
Gouy, bore to his right on Forchies, and thence up6n the Bois de 
Monceaux, and passing through this he even cannonaded the town 
and bridge of Marchienne, into which he drove Montaigu and Poncet 
before him. Jourdain, observing Latoui*'s success, ordered Kleber 
from Jumet to send troops across the Pieton, in his rear, and 
Beniadotte with his brigade reached Baymont about two o'clock, 
and thence penetrated the Bois de Monceaux, while Kleber threat- 
ened Latour's flank. Tins brought back tiie Austrian General, 
who had in the mean time discovered by a reconnaissance on Charleroi 
that his troops had been fired upon, and that therefore that place was 
in the hands of the enemy, an important discovery to report to the 
Generalissimo. At the same time he also learned the retreat of the 
Prince of Orange, and accordingly proceeded to join him at Forchies. 
Quaadanowich advancing on the grand chauss^e, found himself 
opposed to the French General Marlot, who sent troops right and 
left to threaten the flanks of the Austrian column ; but these were 

p 2 



212 BATTLE OF FLEUBUa. [AJK 

sncceraiwly driven bnck From Metlet aDd BrDiU'liaad ftnd thimigb 
Tbumeor and Pont-a-Migiieli>up, fruin whencs a heavy mmutisde 
w*H opened upon (be republican line (ram the hilli. in Ercot of 
GuBselieB, which Qunoduiowieh was prppurmg to atisi-k, vhta be 
received ardera from ihe Tricipe of Coborg to Hithdnw opw 
Frame, for hia HiglineBi bad now beard from lAtoiur of ibe Bdr- 
leader of Charier^. ' 

Beaulieu with the exlrcme left drove hack Msrceau throoiih tte 
mwd of Copiaux, and ontflaDking him Ly way uf the Maison BooM 
forced the republicana to retire and eien to cruxs the SambreatUw 
PoDt-la-Loup. Beaulivutiaving guined LhiBBacceHa, bore to bianghl 
m the French General L^fubrr', who was attacked at the aaiiH ti«« 
n front by Prince Kauultz. Tliia Prince had onhiahands tbemM 
lerioUB of all the atlacls. on tlie light of lite town of Fleui-ua: ha«M 
opposed by Cbampionnet, who oocupied an excellent in ilimi, iiiiIm 
his left on a strong redoubt beiween Heppignies and Vagn^ anoM 
with eighteen heavy pme. Successfully reeieling an attack frooi iba 
cavalry, the Imperialist General brought forward hia ardlleij •* 
Judiciously that he gi>t possession of Uie rcduubl, which he wu db- 
arming, when the French Genrral-in Chitr reslored the fnrniDeai^ 
the day. Lefebre had been driven mil uf Flearns by the Arcbduk* 
Charles, and had deUcbed tliree battaliona to the asaistance at iiMf 
ceau, ubuBe retreat had so eom]iromiEed his right lliatfae liad b««B 
obliged lo lliriiw back this Sank en pv/rifct, tn defend which ha birf 
established a battery of twelve guns; this nuw auccesBTuJIy elieeiil 
Ilia Imperial cavalry, and Marcenu to effectually gamiahed tht 
hedges and gardeng about l.Riubuuu't, that Beaulieu could Inal 

Charlerui, which beiog lired u]>on advertised him likewise *rf (I 
surrender of the place. 

But it waa Jonrdninto whom must be attributed the mieeeBSof tl 
day. He ordered liatry's division li> the aBBislance of Lefebreai 
Marccau, and finding aix battalions and aix wjuadmna uf KleberV 
ditisioustitlatJumet.he brougbtlhemall up with him to Heppigtu% 
and ordered CluuDirionnet forward iutiantly to the ehari^ Tha 
great redoubt was recovered, and being quickly occupied, |d^ii*d 
upon Kaunili in his retreat, wkiile Dubois went forward Hiilb V' 
OBtalrj- upon the retiring AuBlriaua, and captured lilly gunal bl 
tlie Priuce of Lambcao opportunely came up with Ui« Impvi 
corbiniera and cuiras^era, retoc'k the guns and re-raublishMl ilw 
order of the retreat, which the Prince of Cuburf; bad already « 
manded llirongbout the whole of his nrmv. It only rcuiaius ta 
•Uled, tlint (lie Archduke Chailes, who' had belougvd to Prinfa 
Kauuitx's column, advanced on Flcurus; aurl after a lung h4 
nmrderuus conteal forovd the light troops of Lfbbro'a division ant 
of the town, nnd hack to the intrvnvli'.'d bills bill iiid it> ThmlUM* 
be eeaayeil to *ti>rni IliM position, but wu OTerj' tiine drivin btwk lif 
tb» ^pe and musketry of the dofciidon, and hiving fiuled in (bK 
" * — |y*d the onJer lo retire, and joined Prince Kauuiti in his retrcM. 
|lfat PriuGO of Orange beau ka aucccoCul as Lataur,Kaunlti^and 



jp£i 



1791.] ALLIED AEHIES BETIBE BEHIND THE DTLE. 218 

Beaulieuythe battle would have been won ; and at one moment, it is 
said, a retreat was spoken of to Jourdain-'** Non, non,'' said the 
General-in-Chief, loudly, ''point de retraite aujourd*hui : nous retirer 
quand nous pouvons combattre : non, non, point de retraite :" and 
these words ran through the French linos, " Point de retraite 
ftuj()urd*hui*,** 

The French army retained their positions after the battle, yet it 
must be allowed that it should not have given them any greater ad- 
vantage ; however, in all its consequences it became a great victory 
to them. The loss is said to have been nearly equal, being between 
4000 and 6000 on both sides. The Prince of Coburg ordered a 
retreat only because his object was already frustrated, since Char- 
leroi was in the hands of the enemy ; but a more energetic chief, 
or one less hampered by secret instructions than the Austiian Com- 
mander is said to have been, could have followed up the battle 
— again and again attacked, until he had driven the French across 
the Sambre. As it was, he retired upon Nivelles, and took up the 
very position at Mont St. Jean, in front of the fort of Soignies, 
where the battle of Waterloo was afterwards fought. Mous was 
given up to the enemy without a shot. 

15. The Allied Armies retire behind the Dyle. 

The Duke of York was on no bed of roses at Toumay. While the 
siege of Ypres was in progress he was expecting something to be done 
for its relief by Clairfait, and was prepared himself to have supported 
any movement having that object by an advance upon the enemy 
about Courtray. At the same time the gariison of Lille was con- 
tinually making demonstrations against his camp, to keep him from 
any such movement. Nevei*theles8, on the 18tli of June, his Royal 
Highness, with the Archduke Charles, hearing of the successes of the 
Austrians on the Sambre, left four battalions in Touruay, and 
marched with all his army across the Scheldt to Pottes. Here, 
however, he heard that the French had again crossed the Sambre, 
and invested Charleroi, and that Clairfait had again fallen back on 
Thielt, after a smart conflict with Pichegru. He, therefore, brought 
back his army again, and on the 2i8t it was announced to his 
Royal Highness from the Generalissimo that the whole of the Iitl- 
perial troops were to be witlidrawn from the Scheldt to the Sambre. 
On the 24th the Duke of York received through Colonel Craigs, 
who had left the army on his way to England, the news of the surrender 
of Ypres and of the defeat of Clairfait, near Ghent ; and feeling 
now that the Austrians had on all sides left him, and that he had 
become isolated at Tournay from any portion of the allied army, 
his Royal Highness left as much force as he could spare in pos- 

^ All the accounts of this battle mention an endeavour made in the 
course of it by the French, to avail themselveB of balloont for the receipt 
of intelligence, and one was seen above Gosselies and Charleroi the greater 

Eart of the day ; but it was found to be of no advantage, and the experiment 
as never (that I am aware of) been repeated. 



214 ALLIES AEMIES BETIEK UEBJin) THK DYI.K. [aJ). 

aeBsinn iif ihnt fortified rnmp, marched swny his army, and ea- 
tabliahed his lieart- quarters at Rcnais. Pidicfiru Bent a divigion 
after Clairfail to Ghent, which wis repulsed, and he hiniBplf&dTUiced 
on the 21th li> biimliHrd Oudenu'de, with a view of placing himatU 
between the urmieB of the Anstrian corps iwd the Diik« nf Ytak. 
At the moment of executing tJiJa nmnoeUTre (which if cninbined iiitli 
JonrdaiD'a Diovcmenta againet the Frinoe of Coburg might haveliad 
most decisive results), aud in the very act uf getting poweasioD of 
Oudmarde, he received an iinperKtive order from Paris to fall npcn 
Nieaport atid Ostend. where a rei nfurcement <if 8000 British trenp^ 
under JjitA Moira, had recently landed; and it was supposed thai 
the oceupntion of this port would prevent the Duke of Yort wi(b 
the whole Engliah army from Retting away. It was pitibaMyllM 
suae motive which induced him at thin time to send 16,000 met 
to eo-opetate with Admiral Vanstabel to secure Uie iiJe of Wal- 
eheren, at the tnouth nf the Scheldt, • 

The allied commanilera had a conference at the head-qoarten of 
the Prince of Coburg, on the let of July, and the determiiiatiiia 
arrived at was, that tlie whole Hue uf the Scheldt wax to b« 
relinquished, and thnt the allied armies should retire behind llw 
Cyle. The Duke of York accoriJinglv quitted Renux on the 3rd, 
and established his head.quaiters on the 9th at the Cliatnin de 
Ctmtich, near Maltnes, where he was joined by Moira. The ex- 
pedition of Lord Moirn had had some singular casnalUea. It WM 
originally directed to the coast of Normandy, to assist the innir- 
gents in La V'endfe; arrivin); ton late to be of iny assistance m 
tiie CDiBls of Fmnce, they proceeded to OGtend,where they arrived 
and disembarked no the S6th of June. Dia Lordship there fbunil 
General Stewart dd the point of removing ^m the port, anddonbted 
for a moment whether he had nut better conntennand thcao pro> 
ceedingB and himself garrison and defend it; however, deaimui to 

S' lin the Duke of York, he resolvod to march away to Brugea; tbs(* 
e received a letter fi'om his Rnyal HiglmesB, diteeting him to join 
bim on the Scheldt. Lord Moira, however, put himself into iBini»- 
dialo communioation with Generals Clnirfiiit and Walmndm, and 
proceeded to Alost. Herehe was attacked by the French, and 
al<ler a severe contest retreated to Malines, and bo fell back bohiwl 
the Neelhe. and joined tiie British army. The French readtsd 
Ostend on the 13th of July without resistance. Colonel Vyw havtu 
in the mean time embarked the detachment left f«r its defoice ui 
as much of the " matijriel degnerreet de houche" as the time ^loir«d 
faim. All the Kvim in tlie place were rendered uselnw, bui gNM 
BMgazines fell into the hands of ttie enemy, and in ptliBf Ml 
of harbour, the " Gatton," Indlamsn, charged la the full, piMmdei, 
■nd had to bo sec on fire and burned. Clairfait trlinqnislRd 
Ghent on the 3rd. first retiring on Alost, and afterwards Uhbd 
the Dyle. The Austrian garrison of Toumay evacuated that Iowa, 
and the whole of (he right of the Imperial forcn again retired, 
calling in Bray's division, which had been left in olmrrvatinn nau 
Orcliiea. Jnurdain knon iug nothing of the ordeia given to Hchegni, 



I 



I 1794.] THE BRITISH iXD AU8TBIAK AHHIBS SEPARATE. 216 

ced towaniB tlie left with the view of nniting the arfdiet. 

uu, liowBVBr, aa he Ivftrnt tlie dire<!tion fiwen to I'ithegm"* 

ce, he ordered forwud Klebcr and Lefebre'a divisiona with 

is'a eavnlry. to furee bsck the whole allied line, which on the 

\ (kh withdrew before liim, covering Bruucln. The Prince of Orange 

I could Dol Diaialain hia ground iigiiinsC the diviiioiia of Mnrlot and 

Lefebre, and the Dnteli cnvalry had au affair on IhaC day betweea 

Mont St. Jean and Waterloo, in which the Prince of Heue-Philip- 

itadt iiat hi* lire. On the 7lh BeauHeu was atlicked at Scimhref hy 

the republican B nniter Mayer and Uatry, but by dintnf hia Buperiority 

' in artillery and cavnlry he was Dnabled to mainUia his ground untd 

outflanked on hia left and cut olT frum Naniur, when Tie fell baek 

en Gombloux, and the whole army on the 9tb tnuk up a poution 

behind the Dyle, between Louvain and Judcilgne, with the Prince of 

Cobarg's head-quarterfl at TirlemonL General Kray aoiuing up 

iram St. Aniand camped at Eughion on the 3rd, and joined diegrand 

arniy the following day. 

On the lOlh two divlaianB of the army of the Sanibre and MeuM 
took pDBaBBdnn uf the capital of Belgium ; and Pichegra with the 
army of the North arrived the eame day, and the republicui armies 
effected their junction ; and now the whole of Weet Flnndera. with the 
excepliwi of tlie town of Nicuport, garriBOned by Hanoveriana, came 
into the posee^siiHi of the Frsnoh, Piehegru established hia head- 
quarlera at ItruRKela, and Juurdain at NivBllea, nud the united 
French amiy on the llth rested 'n» left on Vilvorden, and its right 
c^poeile Namur, in which was an Austrian garrison. 

IS. TuE British tvo Austrian Aruieb SEriitiTK. 
The allied army had its right on Antwerp, occupying the line of 
the Dyle tu Malinea and Louvain, and llience to Namur. The Duke 
uf york'a armf consisted of the two brieades of During and Lin- 
■iQEen, under Kammersteln ; of the three brigades of Boielard, 
Dalwig. and I>ebuBh, with Hareoiirt's Britinh oaralry, nnder Wal- 
moden j of Balfour, Graham, snd Foi'a lirigades ol infantry and 
thitty-fiur squadrons of cavalry, under Erskine j and of the reserve 
under Aboi'crombie. consisling of Hull's brigade of gnards, Wurmb'a 
brigade of Hessianii, and thirteen squndrons of British and Hessian 
dMfWona : the whole comprising about 36,000 men, independent ef 
Lord Moira's divisinn. The Dutch army, about 1S,000 strong, nt 
Bymenani, united the Duke of York's army with that of the Prin«e 
of Cohurg. On the 13th the Prince of Coburg desired to have a 
conference with the Duke of York, but his Royal Highness having 
- been taken ill on the road, the meeting did not take place. On the 
came day, however, a cuniplete aeparation was agreed upon between 
the two armioB, and the Austrian troops were withdrawn from Malines, 
which was occupied by HessinuB. The Natherlatida being now m 
the handa of the French, the poiicy of the British and Dutuh waa tc 
eoTor Holland ; bnt the Imperialiata had their B'geainilW.i «Awai,i^ 
akmtkma wi'tli Oerinany by Co\ogiie ani C*i\i\e«\.t. \v\\\&jm*l «(- 
patred elraage that AuBtritt after so TOttnj aBjctvftas* A\Jw\4. ■««>■«?■ 



> TnSBEITIaHANDAUSTBlAHiHMlBSSEPAKiTE. [aJ). 



po«sen«inn of the Netlierluiije, but it now appears, that aa far huili 
09 the 84th of Miiy, thu niliiieters at' tliH EniputMr h»d alrew}} 
dacicUd upon ila ■bandoDnient. un thp ground tbM the reil iuterssta 
of Aiulriii lay nearer home, on the fruDtiers uf Italj- Bud Poland ; 
and that oa Flanilera wia at conBeqneaoe to (he cause of EluropcBS 
iadependeiiTO, it was the duty of England, Holland, and Pruaauti (iu 
the centre nf whose dominiona it lay,} to save those fertile proniioei 
trom France. 

The Freoijh armiea bIbo immediately wparaled : it aeems to bam 
been at first determined that Piohe^ru should comniaDd in obief, 
but at UnRth the eumtuiasaries, urged aa It was said fay General 
Regniev, agreed tliat Piche)(ru sliuuld occupy liimaelf witb till 
■rniy of tlio Duke of York, and prevent iiim fruni makins a 
junotion wilhthePrinee of Cohurg; and that Jourdtiu ahould flulu* 
up the Austrianaand drive tliero bacli behind thaMeuae I but at ^ 
mns time tlie orders from Paris were positive. thatiradisUuHopan* 
tiona should be UDilertaken as long as tlic four Frenuh forlresaoaem- 
qnered by the allies remaiaed in the enemy's puaaesaiou. Piehegrwiiad 
with bim the divisious of Soubam, Morean, Thierry, Despeaiu, BoB> 
neau, and Osten, eomprising 84,27 S men. juuidain had thedivisiuw 
of Manieaa, Mayer, Lefebre, CliampioDniil, Marlot, Hatry, Duboli, 
Kleber, Montaigu, and Muller, uutnberinic about as many mm. TIta 
Prioee of Coburg had under him the diviaiunii of Pnnee Katmiti, 
CUlr&it, Boauliou, Wemeck, Latour, Quaadanowioh, and VVartaue- 
leben.whii'hmay have amounted to about 80,000; and the Uuk* of 
York >vith IliB Prince of Urane:e numliered about SO.llOO: lo tliM 
about 300,000 men were, on the 12th of July this year, asaemUiHl un 
both banks of the I>vle. 

But this laeted but for that single d^y. On tbe ISlli Eowham 
attacked the HemiaasinMalinea : Generai Dalwig.irho oominaiidrd, 
made a brave re»atance, hut was uotisti-ained by itunibera to givt 
way, alid fell back on Waelliem, where he burned the bridge lietoM 
Lord Moira oould arrive tn bis support ; and the rrince it( Ontitga 
finding Ii!b flank uiicovemd by the advance to Wacllinn, rstivad 
behind the Nestbc at Dylen. The lame day Jourdain advantwd 
againat tlia Auitriaiia, who occupied the p'isitlon of the Miuitagna 
de For iu front, near Lnnvain ; Kleber altacktrd it and drove tluinl 
Lack on Tirleinont. The Prince uf Coburg now tindiiu.' the nad 
open to the memy all the way to Liege, ordered liia arniy to craM 
the Meuse there, and at Maealriolit ; Latour, with tbe reaTguavUI 
the Imperial army, ooiitestiug the advance of tlie enemy, n«d If 
bornly defending the pasuse of tlie bridge at Liej^, to ooma^ 
which they had eatnbliahed a birtifled camp on die heigbt rfd 
Chartreuu) imniodiately above it. 

On tho Ititli the French advanced guard attrtnpted the u , 

of Waclbem, where General Stewart cfl'rctuiilly opposed l^ | 
Lord Moira, having been ordered tu pass tbii Nevthv at DuVel,fl' 
upon the French rear near BueeiidaMl. Tlie Earl aunt forwari. _^ 
brigade of cavalry coneistlng of tbis Btli, Ifiili, and lOth tight d»^ 
to tbe bridge of Stett'enaworlll, where tlley vnuviuit*r*d tfaa ' 






mvalry, and wura rngajteil in k miiHlcc, Hwnnl Atm tii nwiinl 

Hlivh Gilonel Churulilll >Ibw iIih <'»lt>iiFl of iliu Rtli t'mu'll 

with his Dwn Uuid. After thin, tho ailVMin) puali of Iha 

kiid Fmioh rainninod far «i)|;ht ilajs moivly ■epanncd by 

m*, loruu wlilcli, uotwIthBtuiiling ihn bloody deorf* lu 

■•"- tlia Tcdeitca ooraiiiutiiwlitd in fritndiy luWrmunr 

tlie Dutch army unexiJoeiodI}' nwrehod acraw ih 

of tho Briifah army on tba 17th, tu OitarwIclL, by whioli Ihw \m 

of the Duka'ii tetl lUnk at Lior bManu unavoidably •((■nawl to an 
"""*'' of the pneniy. Thu Dutch hail taken the prvoaution Ui w 
BJx nhi[>i of itiB hue, undrr AUinintl Kiiipili«rg«n, la 111. 
or Fltwhiiig, wUuni liH wan jiiineJ bv th* britiali Aduilr^ 
HarrinB with a Bi|nailroii n( four 44-pin (rlgats* and aume g — 
boabi. A corgis of British tnxipi under Lard Mul|;ravB, canaiil. , 
of Dsarly 6000 m^n, who had bcon dcalitied to ilie defenc* i^ tlla 
Mind ot Cadaaiid, mw ocBUpiod the inliuid of Walvhatvn, and 
Moordingly tliB Uuke of Yurli'* anny was alfectualty ui-otBcEed un 
It! right flanit ; but hia Itiiyal HiKhneM felt that now liiat th« Ao*- 
tffam bad croaaed tho Hume, IiIb |H»iilnii, au far in advanoe, wu 
un the 32iid bu nianlivd away hiB army tu a puailion 
tt Roaendital, between titeia and II«rgeii-o]i-Zuuin. 
17. CtPiiVL^'noH OF Tlla Fuim Fdutrkssks — Death of Bobu- 

Tha armiea kept the pnaitinn tn wliioli wo have noadooted them 
for a eouHiderable bine, fi>r it waa the will of the French goveni- 
meiit that the auil <if France ahiiuld be olcared of any boatUa 
]K)H8eBiuun befnre the armiea advaneed furlher. Qenaral Sohoiwr 
waa aoBordingly directed by the Cunventiau to obtain poeaeaiioa 
of the fortrmwB occupied by the allied ti-iiop*. Quaanuy oapiW- 
iMad to him on the I&ihi Landvucy on the 17thi ValenoiunnM 
and Condd held out till (hu 37ih and :Wih of Augiwt; but iu ttia 
niMn while an importiuit revalutinn liad taken plane al f aria. On 
lh» »(h— 10th of Tlierniidor (aiiBWHrlng to tho 27lU of July) (hu r^gu 
of ISmir wail at^ippeil, und a periud put lu tlio lite of Hobeapiemi, 
and the power of hia iiarty. 

IS, NiEUFORI CAFItULlTES, AND TnU " LoT Al. EHinHAMIS " AIU 

Oeneral Mnrenu bad been ptaend in Goromand of tho 10,000 
dMU oil llio left of the army uf Uie North, who were ordxnd to 
advance aiid take paneHioo of the inouili* iil' the Sclieldt. In their 
•draoea they pumcaHNl thamaelvw of Nieupurt : thia trnvn waa un- 
brtnaalely );ari'iBoned in part by flOU enilgraiita of the eorpa of 
Chartrea. The I''rench Geiiaral would have spared Ibair llvaa, but 
iha rutbUna oommiaiiary of the Convenliun inaiaiod on a rliid »*on> 
tioa of it* decree. I'he Hanoverian garriaon were adniTtEed to • 
capitulation ; but few, if any, of the enigcanta eiw«^«l. "Vo Um 

aoaber at 600 Ibev worn drawn up kli Ihu i-T) Al\V«\i,veA Wfit^Mri '' 

ipeaed apoo tbem, loailed with gcapvahut. 



218 vut ox Tax oxBMAir rsosTiER. [iA9 

IS, Win on TUB Guia:tfi Fkoktiiiii. 
PnMdk hftd tar •ome perind Bhovn an iDdiipMilion In micr wlA 
•■7 ^Berlljr luto thn riewi of the cwlitian ■Riiiiat th« Piwncli Re- 
pufalle, SclftthI]' InelintNl lu evory iDsmlier of the eonfndvration liad 
prnvad tmlt at this |»rin<l, Ihi* pnwer wm of nil tbe tcui Intent 
«a the enntiniuuww nf the atni^^t^a wlUl Knuice, for lliit «H 
•Mfcinit tmilnrial unguiiutinni oa liar riwn scoiunt by the ffaotw 
of the ViMula, uid dHlml u> «r«ura DanixiB, of whiah 'ba bal 
•Iready obtain^ pnnaeHinn. Mnrahal Moellflidorf MioMcded to llH 
eommuid of hor Rhcoiah amy on ills rcTirenunt of the Dniw J 
Bnmiwli^k. wkI hwl cantoned it between Mayenee nnil Oppenbcin, 
whan he received a loltar from th« Crinee of Coburg. requratfaiK b<» 
cn-operktinn in [be plan of campaign that had been drawn up bf 
Oennal Mack, for the military operatinna of tlie allian for ih* «Mr 
I7IH. UoellendorT replied in cold and ambiauou* terms, " Thai 
tie wna nnt Mfiunintvd with the part whi ' ' ' 
takm in the fonn: ' ■ -' 
vitwt on which it 

in the axietine stale of aHkin it «u attended « 
venlencoa, apd that ho cimld nnt cnnaont to tbt proponed tnareh l» ' 
Treven, )*at he (Urnild oxp-iae M»ence.*' Orderi ware, ai la now 
hiHnrn, actual I7 given la MnelieniWr at this time to withdraw th« 
Pmaniati army by dlTinioiiB fmro the Rhine biw^rda tbe !Uba ; 1»| 
Bn^linh aubnidiea bail the eHWl of iniimenbtrily ouependinji lliie ra- | 
Mlnlinti, and Modleudurf did not carry into elTect thin ^irnjeclod | 

The Auetrian army, wbirb Imd liwn nn'ler the (mniniand of 
Wurmiwr. had now pawed uixW limt <■[ I'li'ld-ManiliaJ thp Dobe of 
Saxn-Tecehen, and ucoupird with RS.UOO men all the wimtry about 
lleidelberg. on the rinht of the Rhine. General Michand had an*- 
OBod«d Pichcgm in the rommand of the French atmj of ' 
which bad itawinler-qnartere between Kaiarrlautem and F; 
on the Rhine, when Deaaix commaDded the advanoail gi 
amy of the Moaelle oecupiMl the left of the Vonjirii fi- •-. 
biulem toSarre-Lnnio and TbiOTivllle. It ha* ba»ii ^ii- 
tint the greatvr part of this army wilb Ita Genel«l-ir>-' 
mored away to its left, to join thst "f tlie Ardennes, nr 
a mere eorpa of ohiervatian, eunainting nf two divisiorix, 1 
in these lait-mantionedquartrra. TheSaxo>Pmuian r.p. 
UMOmoi.wascampodabout Mayence. which they oro ' 
qoanoa, and which waa the liey of tbelr noaltlnn. 'rl>< 
made soma offeiuilve moicmenla on Ibe Atn and Utb •>[ ' 
oecni|iliid themsahsa llirnuith ihs w1iiI<t in mabinn Km 
nuana of naw onrli* uf defencw, nuire ronnidBble tliun 
bynatnre. TbePnuaian field'Manhal ilelarmlnnli.H 
of thedepaituraof JiRirdain lo mslie a forward mnvitmi 1. 
be drewnpinstruntinnsiif ten|H>i;n*n>ob,lDn'gu1alr ih< j.. 
riglit or ten detachmmu who werr to dialodga ibe i<nmi> 1 loni .Mrir- 
"" ' prFgnanlouunploaf the manner of makiDg war tiy 



ly of tbe Rhloa, | 
od Frankanthal, 



^ 



1794!.] WAB ON THE eSBMAN TRONTI£B. 219 

the schools : Frederick himself would have blushed at such degeneracy, 
and would have gone forward to the attack with all that morning 
freshness and vigour which was now quite passing away from the 
Prussian armies. The Marshal called across the Rliine 18,000 
Saxons under the Duke Albert, and on the 23rd of May sent forward 
his army under Prince Hohenlohe-Kirchberg, who, bravely crossing 
the inundations of the RehUtte, fell upon Desaix at Schifferstadt 
with great spirit, but the French rallied after the first attack, and 
General Delmas with two regiments of calvary having repulsed the 
regiment of Ferdinand, the French retook their position at Kohlhof. 
In this encounter General Mazaros was seriouRly wounded. In the 
mean while Mnellendorf advanced by Winveiler directly upon Kiu- 
serlautem, while Kalkreuth marched to his right on Landsthuhl, and 
Schmettau, on the same flank, towards Saarbruck and Saar-Louis. 
Kleist and Ruchel moved on the left hand from GSlheim on Hoeh- 
speigen, and Blucher with his light troops was to possess the defile 
of Frankenstein in order to cut off all communications from the troops 
of Desaix at Neuatadt. General Ambert, who commanded at Kai* 
serlautem, found himself attacked by four columns at once, and es« 
caped by a miracle. He resisted all attacks for tliree or four hours, 
and then made his retreat in good order to Tripstadt and Pirmasens ; 
but the brigade of Sisc^ would have been compromised by his retreat, 
but that he cut his way through Blucher, whose detachment was too 
weak to stop him. 

General Michaud finding he had lost 1500 men, and not equal to the 
emergency of the command which had fallen on him by the departure of 
Jourdain, immediately ordered the whole French army to retiro behind 
the Queich between Landau and Gummerstein, while the army of the 
Moselle withdrow at the same time to Bliescastel. General Schaal 
with one division occupied the passes of the mountains between the 
two armies. Marshal Moellendorf resting quite satisfied with this 
result of his ten pages of instructions, restored the sword to its 
scabbard, and placed his troops opposite the enemy from Ottweiler 
on tiie French frontier and on the other side of the Vosges to 
Schweigenheim upon the Rhine, and returned to his head-quartersat 
Mayence. 

He found at his head-quarters two British ministers, Lords 
Malmesbury and Comwallis, who had come to him by the request 
of Haugwitz, the Prussian minister at Maastricht, with the object 
of inducing the Prussian forces to leave the banks of the Rhine, 
and hasten to the scene of decisive operations in Flanders; but 
Moellendorf, acting as it was supposed in obedience to secret orders, 
declined to obey the roquisition of the plenipotentiaries. The British 
ministers on this broke out into bitter complaints at the breach of 
faith on the part of Prussia in not having fulfilled the conditions of 
the treaty of the 19th of April, which had stipulated that 62,000 men 
should be funiished in return for the enormous subsidy of two millions 
granted to Prussia, while 32,000 only received daily rations at the 
army. The parties separated, mutually exasperated, and Lord Com- 
wallis declared he would suspend all further payment of the subsidy, i 



220 OAPIDKE OP OOBIICA. [kJI. 12 

Nor wtr* the AuKtrlui cubinat qiilto to hv Iruated in fjia dcalr* tarmj 1.^ 
longtr contiiiuinK lliQ war 1 the liiijicrtiil govnniiDBiit wn> n-M\ ■)•- 1 ■■ 
■iroua of M ■cauminudatlaii in ardar to oonoenlrbto lii: : .i 
Vfoa FolBod. A MErot unileiaUDiliaR Id oanMquiin 
botwaaa Iho Priara nf Caburg uiil tlin t'lwich (tanaMil-. 1 1 

«r vhleh wero thai tha Auntrltn* ahiiulil nnl ba dlmiim 

rumt to tha Hliiiia, utd that th« rapubliearw alinulil I..- ,n., !,....». 
wllhaut mulanMiiun tn rtilim* Ilia fbiir itrmt fortroMua wliloli luul 
bMn wraaioil fniui Fnuitw in tha pivoniinK ynu'. AcoordioKly, it 
B>i4-aait>|niijpii in wpontiim to what miglit havo been DXp«vl«l, tU 
pkTtiai niawd on thair aniiai tha Aualriana and Pruaaluu dolnf 
littlo ur nuthiiifi to prapara fur tlia iucvltablo reault, thai IIm; miU 
tvpaaa tha Illiino, 

30. 13K1TIIIU N»r*L W*u— Caituhk w Coastci. 

Tha procaediniia uf tha Dritiib HedllerrwicaD Boot ma* hi 

thia pauMi dslnaud our atttiitlon. Tha nuane of iba UrilJab 

frl«ala " Juno," 89, CapUin Sauiual Hood. U th* flnt ovanl ibal 

raqulraa noUoa. On Uia lltli al January iha waa iniiulnii Mo 



Tonluli, Itnonnl nf ita having b*«n «*aeuBiod liy tha Uritii 
ah* wta ballad b? a briK that lay olT PohiLa Oraiida Tui. 
darod to lufF. Sewn aftar, and wflila atapa wan taking u 






buat eama alnngaklD. To tlia iiuiiation trbara Lord HiKxI'a nhip lafi 
wi unaatiaraciory anawpr waa kivod, and It waa puraclvrd that thi 
boftl'a craw bora oalionai «a«kadea. Tbs ealla wan iuima^ataljr 
eut and aalla nt, but InaUntly all tbn r<iria oprnn) upon iba 
" Juno t" (ho not oloar otTi howevor, without the \om of it nu| 
and, on ilia lUth, aha joinad Lord Hood Id the liay of UlarM. 
The Admiral, aCtar tha avacuation of TiHilon, allll ramalnad with Vk 
flsel in Ibi* bay, u> lo in tlio vlnnity of that great Fronoh aaapaH. 
Thar* happuMd to ba 4UaO or 6000 aoldlara on board wnm af 
tha ihlpa, undar (tanaral l>uiidaa, ao thai on racalTlng InlaUU 
ganoa that tlia rapuhlloaa bnwa at tha iaiaad of Coralsa wan aM 
oalv tnuoh atraitanod fur proTiaiona, but tliat tba aplrit of tha yoe p ia 
had booonu) vary ItnpntiaM of Frauoli Knveminant, it waa daamad 
Bxpodiciit by tils AdinirDl and Goiieral to taku tlia fl«>t Into Iba 
harbour of San Plorsnia, In order to aailat Iha toynl |<ortloii of tha 
iuhabilanlt in axpalllni; the Fnmeh troopa ft'om tha iaUnd. Aeami- 
Inglv, iin tlia U4lh of January, after uaiiimunionlinK with Geoaral 
Paoll, the DrlLiKli ttvat. oaniiiiituiK of alxly aail, pMueoded to Uut 
dgatinatluu. On tliu Ttli (it Kirbruary thoy arrivod al a bay lying ta 
tho wuBtwarii uf t^pH Martuliii: 14<HI troopa wato ImniudUituly dU* 
aiiibarltsd uiid Uiuk pHaauiwiiin of a Iwlglit whJsh ovariooliad Iha 
lowor uf Murtulla, which raiguirud lu bn radiicird bobru tha aoallnr- 
aga lu tliH [iiir uf tjan Kioraiiia oiiulil ba daaiiiMl Rasura. An ■Itaotc 
agaiuat tlia ti>w«r by ant and land waa aacurdiuEly dauidad im ; and, 
on tba 8tb, two fri){ata* anabored iu the baat mannur tur batlaring 
t/le tQwar; but «Jlhimf{h tho two ahvpi Iwnfit u^ an onninittinit ^r> 
'■•' '"■" huuen aiid n lialf, no matot\a\ irap»»««m ■■a* \mA» wu.'&at 



1794.] 



CAPTVBB OT COBSICA. 221 



cesBfuti until they began to employ hot shot, when one felling amongi 
and setting fire to, some baas-junk, with which an immensely thick 
parspet was lined to the depth of five feet, the little garrison, thirty- 
three in number, commanded by Ensign Thomas le Tellier, capitulated. 
The tower only mounted one 6-pounder and two ISpounders. The 
gallant defence made by this little garrisoned tower was so much 
thought of by th6 British military authorities, that an immense 
expense was afterwards incurred in garnishing the English coast 
that fronted the French shores with these Mortella towers. 

The next post to be attacked was Convention redoubt, mounted 
with twenty-one pieces of heavy ordnance, and considered as the 
key to the bay. The manner in which this redoubt was invested and 
besieged is so characteristic of the gallant sea-service, that it must 
be described in the words of its able historian. ** By the most sur- 
prising exertions of science and labour on the part of the officers and 
men of the navy, several IR-pounders and other pieces were placed 
on an eminence of very difficult ascent, 700 feet above the level of 
the sea. The seamen, by means of blocks and ropes, contrived to 
haul up their guns, each of which weighed about twenty-four cwt. 
The path along which these dauntless fellows crept would, in most 
places, admit but one person at a time. On the right was a descent 
of many hundred feet : and one false step would have led to eternity : 
on the left were stupendous overhanging rocks, which were made 
useful for fastening the tackle for raising the guns. Fi*om these 
]8-poundei'8, so admirably posted, a cannonade was unremittingly 
kept up during the whole of the 16th and 17th, and it was concluded 
that the enemy would be much shaken by its vigour ; therefore, on the 
latter evening, it was determined to storm the works, — a service which 
waa executed with vigour, and crowned with success. On the 19th the 
French having abandoned two frigates in the harbour, evacuated the 
town of San Fioi'enzo, and retreated towards Bastia ^,** 

The Admiral desired to follow up this success, by proceeding 
round the island to Bastia ; but he could not convince the General 
of the practicability of reducing that place. Hood accordingly took 
on board such )>ortion of land forces as had been ordered to serve 
aboard the fleet as marines, together with two officers and thirty ar- 
tillerymen, and leaving the General at San Fiorenzo, arrived on the 4th 
of April at the anchorage before the capital. The same evening the 
troops, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Vilette, and a detachment of 
seamen, commanded by Captain Horatio Nelson, of the ** Agamemnon," 
were, with the guns, mortars, and ordnance stores, disembarked. The 
total comprised 1246 officers and men, and the Coreicans, who united 
themselves with the force under General Paoli, were about the same in 
number. The garrison were said to be 3000 men, under Le Comte St. 
Michel, an old artillery officer, who was Governor. On the 1 1th, the 
batteries which had been erected on the surrounding heights being 
ready to open, Lord Hood sent in a \\Titten summ<ins, which the Go- 
vernor would not even read. The batteries accordingly opened forth- 



^ Jamet. 



222 Captob* of oonsiCA, [ui. 



witli upon th* wnrk*, iiuil wora pniippdy raplled ID. A fn|{>u bomb, 
wllml " I'mHlyta," iiumiilliig IS-ixHiiidtr*. and eutnnimiiile>I bj 
Captain SfrtHiiliI, wm plKoail u » Itnattng bMury aninxt iha (<na ; 
bat th* Prfncli wiootwlad tii latllnK Unr oa Hru wilfa red-hot ibui, 
and iha *wi ouiiiiunml by tha Hainca; but the iirvw were aareil. At 
ImgUi, on ihu IDIh, the r'n-nuh Giivrnior pmpiiMd ttrtni, and Lord 
Uc»m1 replied I "In Mmridoration of the vary Reliant iMeim ilw 
(MriHO of Rutin hM Iliads, and from the prlin^tp'™ "' hunuiiliy 
wbiuh BTsr govarn BriiUh ufflacn, I am diapoHd lu rWo you tamu." 
On tba 31*1 Ilia Mveral parta woro iitea up, and tamia wtn 
gntntad hiKhly hiHiauralila ti> tha bmlagsd. 

Tlia Drltluli Ion* wmi one lieutenant of the navy and thirlMn Idtled, 
and (lirofl ntllcnn and abnut clijrty of both MrdcM wuuadod. Oa 
the lUili ilio fiinual nurruiidfr h( Ointea in tlia Brltiih ernwn wm 
inada (n hir Gilhart Elliutt, Ilia Mijonly'i vieuroy, but Cal*i n- 
inainnJ atiil In ilie p'wumHiuii uf a renublieau garrixin. Caplaii 
Naliinn VIM thorefiire immedialAly lant tliara, witlj (Im troapa undir 
tliB tlun. l.i<Tat,-GvntT<kt Stuart, and after a ilage ot ttfty-un* iaj% 
Qem-rai Can Bianea aurrendered the place un the 10th of Angaafc 
upon tarm* highly Hatterliie tu tlie liravery of the KarrlKon «bo bad 
dafandad it. 't'lie loaa of tiia bmiegeri vraa four umoti^ and twanty* 
Rv* men killad, and eight affii-cra and abauc tifty men wouadad. 
Amongat tha lattor wia Captain Nolaon, whi> loat bia eye, In oosaa- 
<]U(inoi of a aliui atrlkliii; [ha battery nmr him and drivlnj; ainM 
apllnton vlth owiaiilanblu fiirce Intu the pupil. 

On tha 17th lit January, two prlvat<uira in tha Indian Seaa, called 
" Vengaiir," and " (teaolu," run iindHr Hiiiiooiiien, and attacliad Iha 
*'PJKnl,"Eaatlndlani>a,r(tnittiig there, Th<iymadHtiiealtaakin«a» 
oaauon.uwing to the narrownew of tlie eiltrauoe to the bay; but after 
Bghtini in thla mannar fur a cuiipla of hours, aha beat them bulb oS 

On the 31ad of January a aiiuadnin, andnr the euinmand uf CaiD> 
modore Hltohell, |;<>t sight of two alratiKDni in the loudi-waat, who 
proved to be .tlieiia turn privatepri. 'fbcy were ehaaed by tbe 
" Britannia," Ca|ilain Cheap, and thu " Nonaiiob," Captain Cannby, 
and In about tlireC'quartei'B nf an hour both ainick tlicir oaloiin. 
Dut on tliH Dih i>r February fallowiiiR tha " Plgot " waa found in the 
■une plane by a French aiiiuuiran of tliraa frigate*, '' Prudent^** 
" CybdJH," Hiid '' Duguay-Trouln," under Captain lUiiand, who had 
]ual aimpad oapturu from Coniiiiodoro Milohull'a aquadrrm, and wlio 
iiuw attaeked aud captured the " Pi|;iit," and had (he biildneaa 10 
demand the Burronder of Furt Marlhorouith, but tlie liritlah oon- 
mandanl rrjeclod the prnpoeala, and M. Ilifuauil thought it morl 
prudent to put to aea with hit prixe. 

In the vuurH of till* year aeveral Frennh frigateii, In aquadroM of 
three OF tour, crulBod about thu Britiah Chaiinel, and were ver; an- 
noying and dosiniative to oontmorce. Tu endeavour to put a ohaek 
tn thla warfare, two or three frigate aquadrona were ordered to aea. 
One ot ilieti« waa eommaiidad ^y Cnnuttu^M %\x IcAvn \lnTlM« War- 
' rva, unil fliiuletod of bia own ship, Itie " ?\ot«.;' Wl," ktt(Sn>a»;' »» \ 
Qipuin iVUair, » Molampua," M, Cavl«>'» * «*• " CwK«4ar », \ 



1791.] SAY4I, TIOTORY OFF VBUaHT, 228 

. , I Riohiird SU'achan, tirid " Nyni|)lie," M, Captain Guorgo 
Hurmy. On the !3ril or April Uivy tigUted, olT Uuci'iispy, a Freiiah 
•qtudran, comiKund ar*'I/KnKaKeHiile."3ll, Commodore UeHgnreux, 
"L» PomaiM," 44, " IU»nluB,"S6,ni[li a aU-nun corictM, " Barbet." 
At 7.7Ht Ihu ftDliun uuinmHiived, and at S.ilO the "Pnmane" aad 
•• lUrUl " Iwuleii down iboir oolnura tci llio " AMthusa" and "Me- 
Unipuil,'' TliB " EngHf^BHnta " wm brouclit to Hctioti a little past 
noun, and arter a gallnot deruiioe aha struck to the " Concorde," wbo 
alxo tried to lake the " Rtwlue," but hIid gut away and sBonped iulo 
Mori nix. 

On tlir Bill cif May the friflnto " Orjiheua," 82, Captain H. Nbw- 
c.inr-. " t'uiruiii.ii," ."lil, ri.].[tiiii. OBbomo, and " R«HisMnoG," 44, 
Cnpluiii i: I'll,, rill. iLii, .-I'lii.HiLii- oir the lale of France, diaeorered 

ll.r-- Ii„^„,>-r ,- ;il, ,.„ii ■■ V,dcan " brig-corvettB. The fri- 

enli-, I.J -i.i.i-. !.>, -.1:1: III:, ^<.[ u]) first und into action, wliiob Cenni- 
tiulr.l 111 liiilit :ii.>ri' ili.ni :>ii liiiur in clie Capture of the Frenchmaii, 
which hiiil Kr'i'ii 11 jli'itinli inilinman tha year prsviuua. On (he aame 
day uir the w««t vf [i'cIhtiiI, the " SwiftBure," 74, Captain C. Boyle, 
cUaanil the " Atnlimt.'." se. Fruiieh frigate, ewnniaDded by Capt^ 
Linoia. wild brnvt'ly i.-iinioiidtd ogaiiitt the large odd* of tha MnCeit, 
and provud that had liu iiitt an equal uMtcail of a 74, he would not 
llava (truck, aa he waa now ubHgod ti> da to hia amailaiil. 

Tha Fnoieh in TnaUin having aiieceeded in equippinit moAt of the 
•hit>s wlitoh the British had left behind, aeyna Bull of thu line and 
four or ttVB Frigales put tii ma on the Bth of June, under the Oom- 
msiid at M. Martin. L'lrd Hwid, who then lay ulf Bnstta, nu eooner 
livard nf thio, than he iiuraacd thrni wllh thirtroii uul of the line 
anil (i>ur fri((at« 1 but the Freiieli fleet pushed for ilieic nnehoivja 
ill GoiirgtiRu Bay, and, thanks lo the weather, escaped tlie pursuit. 
Bl. KiVni, VicruRv OFF l^anuiT oh tub Ibt of June. 

Thu tii-iiiHh ClimiiR'l Hi'i't, though it had lain at anchor durinft 
the wiiitrr months, nrif-lii'il. nn the Snd of May, with the Kasl and 
Went Indian and i\<->vl'iiiiodlsnd convoys, amounting tu 148 sail, 
rriving olf the Lituu'd. tha various niurehoui vcascls, with their 
toniayt. BeiuunttDii, and Lord Uuwu, Willi tWenty-aiK sail of the lino 
and Mvea frigatus, |iriMeed«l liiwiu'dB tlie l''reiieh eoait. On the 16th 
the iiniiid Heut uf France, ounaisdni; nf (weuly-tive ships at the Une, 
villi Itrif^ii nr ,ix>F.'ii I'viK'itt-H. I'll Ltm' lliu coiiiiuaiid at Kear-Admiral 
VllUr..<.Ii.j.u-,, -, l:,.|„„, „i i;, ,-.: -.lulH^ilhafairwind. I( tru 

til* S'i'li, i< ' .. .'I'l;, before Lord Howe eauie 

upwiilii' . u'liLiig partial auti'ina were 

ung^C'il I .. I. -. Kear-Adniirsl Pasley in 

the "Ul'II'-i Ji'ii-ii.' u.uii.. 11,. Willi iiiL ■■ Ucvolutionnidre," who, after 

" Leviathan," Lonl Huch Seynunur, wlio oontliiued In engagii bar 

' nil the MTival at the '• Audaeiuus," C&ptain William Parker. Tba 

" tiiTlaUiaii"ihen UHssed iin to itigai-* another ship,and die" Auda- 

Cl«a«"atid the " Ktfvolntiuuiiairo '* became dwely eiiRMged. Till 

I Iktiw loH her miion-maet, and bad hor fare and muin.ypird* dut^ 



224 KAYAL TICTORT OFT UBIIAITT. [aJ). | 

Awny ; and tho mon (piortcrrd forward declared that tlie Freneh ahip 
Htrtiok her c»l«)itni« but iilu* bi^oamo no )irixr to tliu Britnh, for 
micli WAN the erip)>l«Hl ntate of tho " Audaviouii.*' that it wan aome 
time beforu ahe waa )ienM*lf riial)led to veor cU>ar of tlio French 
line. liaviiiff now efli^ctiMl thiM« and nif^ht coniinf^ on, every effort 
waa made to repair hfr damny^ett in tiiiio t<i retitimo her alatimi at 
daylight, an<l in thin Hhe mtecet'dt^l ; for on tho 2!)th it waa doomed 
pnidout that tlic ** Audacioua *' ahould prociHMl Htruight away into 
port, and eoutrivinfc to elude all purauem nhe did at lencth, on 
thf* 3rd« anrhor Kafe in IMymoutli Sound. Tho '* UiWolutioniiairo ** 
wiiN aim) found in her eripphnl ntate l)y a coniiort, the ** Audacieux/* 
who towed her away in itaf«*ty into iloch«'fort, and although thew 
two venaela had \wi\\ |iart4*d company, tho fl(*fta ntill e«inttnurd 
renpectivoly their counw>. At ahout midday, on the 30th, I<or«l Howe 
made Hignal to tho ahipa of hia line to tack in HUtnn«»ion, with a 
view of ]>aHHini; through tho enemy's line, in onler to get the 
wrather-;;[||f^., htit aa the Frt^nch liore away, tho van of the I*^gliah 
fleet iwHHed antem of the lino of tho «'nemy. Accordingly, almut ; 
two houra NnhiH*quent, liord Howe, in the flag-ahip *' Quifii Char- i 
lotto/* n>aolviHl to act himnelf the example, and Htretehiiig boldly ; 
on, lieedl(*aa of tho fin^ opened upon him, tho fliig-ahip arrived 
ahreaHt of the oiKMiing bi'tween tho nixth and m'venth Frenrh 
ahipH from the rt^ar, and pouring a hroadnide into tho le<*-beani | 
of tho •• K«»le,** 74, ahe paHw^d tlmuigh the ** Ih'llerophon '* and •• Le- 
viathan,*' tho Admimra two m*condH following their gallant chief. I 
The " Tyrannicide ** and ** I ndomptahlo '* were left ex|KMM*d and cut off ■ 
fmm the FriMich line, but Admiral Villan^t worif out of the line, and [ 
gallantly and judiciouHly IimI hia fleet on tho Htarhoanl lack, to the | 
n*Hetio of Inn two dinubled Hhi])H, which liortl I lowe waa unabh» to | 
olmtnict. Dut even thin did not bring on a general engagement, for I 
tho French Admiral Hatinfied with having extricatrd IiIh difiahlfd , 
ahipn wort* round, and Htanding away far on the lavbuard tack, ' 
rejoinod bin rear. The Hritinh fle<>t wore in the i*amo din*ciion, but ■ 
kept tho weather-gage, till alnrnt A i*.m. tho tiring c<*aMHl for that day. i 
At auniet the two fleeta on tlie larlKiard tack, with tlio wuid frcah at ! 
aouth-weiit, were about ten niileM a|>art. 

On the :i(Hlt and 3lHt both fl<*eta were concealed from one anothrr 
by a thick tog, excepting occaaionally when it lilted a little, hut I^nnl 
Howe aaw that a battle waa bectmiing inevitable, and accordingly, 
conaidering it preferable to make it a daylight content, he at evwing 
on the latter day hauled to the wind on tlio larboard tack, and 
onlered every aliip to carry commanding aail all night, while be 
judicioualy atationtKl the ** Phaeton '* and ** Ijitona '* frigatea to Ice- 
ward of hia own fleet, for the ]iur]toao of watching tho motiona of 
that of the enemy. In tho interval, Kear-Admiral Neilly, with the 
'* .SnnH|>areil," 8(), bearing bin flag, and four 74V, joined M. VilUret*a 
fle<*t, making it now tw«>nty-aix nail of the line. 

At daybn*ak on the Int of Juno tho Fn*nch fleet waa d— cried 

alMiut aix mih>a ofl* on tho atarboard or Ico bow of the Uritiah fleet, 

iitftTing in a lino of Imttlo on tlio larboard tack. At eight A.M. 



1794.] 



NAVAL YIOTOBT OVF USHAKT. 225 



Lord Howe having signalled his orders, the whole fleet filled and 
hore down upon the enemy. The French appeared to wait for the 
attack with great resolution, drawn up in a dose head and stern line, 
hearing about east and west About half-past nine the French van 
opened a distant fire upon the British van, and in a quarter of an 
hour after tlie fire became general and the flag-officers hointed the 
signal for close action at their mast-heads. A heavy fire now com- 
menced on every side. I^rd Howe made straight for the French Ad- 
miral's flag fiyiiiff on the ** Montague," 120, but was intercepted by 
the ** Vengeur," 74» and ** Achille,*' ^^ Instead of stopping for such 
smaller frv, he gave them each a broadside, set top-gallant^sails, and 
then passuig close under the stem of the ** Montague,** (so close as 
to brush the fly of the French ensign,) the Englisli Admiral poured 
into the French three-decker a tremendous broadside : he then saw 
the "Jacobin," 80, in the very position which he intended to occupy, 
and therefore directed his master to luff up, for which there was 
scarcely room, and then discharged his opposite broadside into 
the stem and larboard quarter of the '* Jacobin,** who returned the 
fire with such of her guns ss could be brought to bear, one of which 
shot away the *' Queen Charlotte's** fore-topmSst It was a little 
after ten when these events occurred, and if tne French Admiral had 
here shown firmneMS enough (when the British Admiml was placed 
without any assistance near him, between an 120 and an 80-gun ship) 
to have bora up with the ** Montagne '* athwart the hawse of tlie 
BritiHh three-decker, *<o*en ^tait fait de lui;** but instead of this, 
Admiral Villaret made sail ahead, followed by his second astern, 
and such other ships as had suffered like him in their rigging and 
•ails, so that at 11.30 the heat of the action was already over, and 
the British remained with eleven, and the French with twelve, more 
or less dismasted ships, just fiuating on the sea; but up to this 
moment none of the French ships had struck their colours. The 
" Ctt>sAr,** Captain Molloy, the van or leading ship, engaged the 
French ship ** Trajiin,** but nothing came of this ; the next in the 
British line was the '* BelletH)phon,** with Rear-Admiral Pasley's 
flag, which opened her broadnide on ** L*£oIe ** with Rood efiVot ; 
but soon afterwards the Admiral lost his leff, but the ship continued 
under Captain W. Hope to contend with both the "Trajan** and 
L*£ole," until she was fain to signal the " Latona,^** Captam Thorn- 



borough, who came to her assistance, and at length both her oppo- 
nents were beaten off, though the "Bellerophon" lost her fore and 
main-topmasts, had her main-mast dangerously wounded, and all 
her running rigging cut to pieces in the action. The " Leviathan *' 
engaged ** L'Amdrique,** and a close and furious fight ensued : the 
French ship lost her foremast, main and misen-masts, leaving this 

fallnnt and well- defended ship a log upon the waters, though she 
ept hor colours flying from one of the stumps, until boarded fram 
the " Royal Sovereign." The '« Russell ** and the " Tdmdraire '* 
were opponents. The *< Royal Sovereign *' and the ** Terrible,*' the 
former with Admiral Graves*s flag, and the latter with that of Admi- 
ral UouHvt, came to blows, and the former Admiral was badly wounded. 
Vol. I V. q 



22G HATAL TICTOBY OFS USHAKT. [&JK 

The " Imp^lofux " and tha « Muciua " fc«ight with the ■' Muribo- 
rough ,*' snd both ships hauleil down their colnura, lint the IsUer 
etfected her escape. The "Defeace" got hoiribly mkulml by the 
"Mudiia"and the " Tuucville," uid was taken in tuw by tiie" PIim- 
tan," Captain Bedtincli. The " Brutianiok " and " Veiigeur " com- 
meomd a furioua eDgafiemeni, iLDd got so Irisked, ihw ou the muler 
inquiring if be should cut the shi|i clear, Captitb Horirej' replied, 
"No. we have tpt her and we will keep Iter;" which after a miuv 
deroiia cnntoC he did, and in the light the " Achille," whncalua up M 
her consort's aasistance, was bIbo ca{)tured. The " Valiant " ungated 
the " Patriate," and the " Orion " the " Norlhumlierland," without 
iBBnli; hut the "Queen" oame athwart the "Jemmappea" and, after 
baTinj[ cut down all her imutHi made her strike her colours, bot the 
" Qjieiai" was in too disabled a state to take piissesMOD, and IIh 
"Jemmi^peii" was tberofore towed away bji a I'renvh Crigate. The 
" Scipion" in this day of dreadiiil carnngc was so crippled that il 
was all but a miracle that she escaped, but she rigged her juiy- 
muata and joined her Admiral. The " Etu^'nl G*orge," canning Sr 
Alexander Hood's flag, passed thTongh the line, mainUiiHOK > but 
action as sha passed with both tlie ** Sanapareil " sod "R^pufaU- 
cain." Upan the clearing of the smoke, the i rench Admiral saw tlw 
state of thuigs, bnt nevertheless, coatror? to all especlation, he b*d 
Bucoeeded in recovering the " IWpublicaiu," "Muciua," "ScipiuB," 
" Jemioappes," and "Terrible," and was now couleut tu give up the 
fight and retire at 1.15, when tbe firing ceased. Tbe " Sanrspuwl," 
80, " La Juste," 80, " L'Amdrique," It. " Le Northumberland," ji, 
" L'AcliHle^" 71, and " L'lmpAu eux," 7-1. were taken potsossiou of 4l 
lialf-past two, but n<it without sniue of them reopen iilg their fire UDoll 
their nssnilanti, .\nnther Frcuch 74, the " Veiigeur," wns not uktf 
possession '<f till some hours Inter, when she went dawn wi^ ap- 
wards of 200 of her crew on board. The French tell a flue atoi? sT 
this ship going down to the cry nf "Vive la R^publiqiie, Vivo 1> 
Liberty et la France ;" but it delracta a little fruin Ilie Htorjr Ibal 
her Captain, Renaudin, who comnanded her, got iolo the buUa ud 
asved himsBlf ; he is nevertheless spoken of as a " gallaul mftn.'' 

Thus ended this menud^bla engagement, in wliich thn Brtlisb bvt 
390 kiltoLl, indudiug Captajn M-iinlagu of the " Montagu." 74, m4 
668 wounded, including Admirals Bowyer and Pasley. Bud Captalw 
Hutt, of tbe " Queen," and Harrey, of the " Kainiltiwt," the iMUr •! 
whom siil»eqiiently died after amputation -if a limb. Ilie Prt'iich sput 
of their loss as SOOO, but tbe ch]itured ships alima ahuwed ■ groatcr 
amount of casualties than the whole British fleet. Theeil>i«ii,jMa- 
Bon-Saiul-Andrf, woB tbe comnuissary ut the Convention on iKiard 
ihii Admiral's ship, tlie"Monlagi>e." and if ilie French acciiunt of ^I* 
ciintesl be correct, " Le ciloyen ite peut surmouter la fmyDiir qn^ 
^prouve at se bAte de deeeender h U premiere IxtUrie," broa wbnw* 
hu did not again appear, 'sur le pant de 'HooMgne,'" Mta«pt U 
order the Admiral to give up the battle ; nevtnbelcn, on hia amnl 
at Brest be made a report to the Conveution, impudently awsriing ■ 
factor]', aud stating "que lea six vaisseaux knurinfs pal IVnocad 



I 

^MvKieDt 6lt Ikiasd en mer pour pauiiuivni lei viiint<ua." Klowon 
B 'were u.'Cunliiiitty slrowed in tlie |ui(1i »r (Ilia n*[imiiil ropreii'nutiva 
r Bt Bi-eil, niiJ Barrire ubuiiiwl a drenw ol the CunvmUaii thai the 
I fleet "avtiit liiuii intfrll^ de In )Wtn«," » IhftL Uielr Uiiiimaiii]>ir>ln 
Chief wu proiDOhnl (n ilia ruiik ut Viee-Adiuirkl, liutwilKittDniling 
I his dercat. 

L"rtl Howe wm reMiTr-il in EiiuUnd wllh i)i>tiii|^ii>hcil liiinoun. 

i;Oll tb« mnniing ut tlie I3:h hr laiirli«l nmMiit wiliitoi miil rhi^n at 

^ortamuutb : mud on the SOch their Mnjwiic-n vi^lU'd tlie Adinii'ai in 

lewon. on Imurd the ''Quem Churlutti-," uiulor [liu royal ntiiiidard. 

^he KiDg pruaepleil him with a dimiKiiid -Initial Hwoi'd, nf tlm vntuo 

t SOW guinia* ; ui<l ijold roedala were struck fur (ha ucufinlon uid 

tvenloall (ho lUg.iifNeen. It h><l liaea belivv»d thMtlKi Moniinih 

Mulil have iiivnled (lie A'lminil eiirniriaudiiig iii cliluf widi the 

Itdar g[ the Garter on (be xciwainii of the victory, which, huwavor, 

n (tid not do unlJl three yeuB later. The twii Adiiilrais unit In 

.HDnwiiil (i> L-rd Howe vrxre cmda pvera, tliB nnv by dm titia ut 

'Lwi Vinoauiit Bridiiort, and (lie other Baron Grarea. The Kwr* 

Advbllls and the Otptain nr tliu Hvet. Sir Ituffer Ciirtin, were all 

itod bwonetB witli peusioiia ol IIHKK. a }'ear. Thaiika of bolh 

lae* of Puliiuneut Mid the rreedgin ul the Clly were alio ihow- 

1 on the offidnrs (or thin migh[y Tictnry, and ni'ble funds wan 

MoaBi fertile widows and orphans nf thoae wlie had fallen in (lie battla. 

A Prauoli Hiuadmn undur tlie oumiiiand of RuLf-Adralnil Neilly 

%«d qBit(ad Huchefiirt befure (be Ifreat tloe[ liHd |[oiio (o lea, with 

"winlenthiD of finmnga juncliun witli a emivny nniiiberhig lljeol'i 

lining fruiD the Uitileil Stntea dasply ladvn with Wnnt India prrt- 

lee, under the iiruteetioii of Admiral Viinatabel The " Patrlute," 

t, <>hi> beloiiaed (0 thie squadron, had the ipxtd fariuiie off New- 

_ undtaad to hll in wi(h mnd oiptore the Drillnh frigate " CaUor," 

let. Captain ThonMB Tmnliridgu, aliinE with the chief part of a 

convoy which he had in chtrsi;, and ihia diadnKuiahed otHrar wa* a 

wuenec on board the "Suispareil" during the whole of Lord 

Hnwe'a action. Hia ahip, tlie "Caater," had been piil into the 

Franeli aervice under Capuin II. Kuilliar, and on the Wtli of Maj' 

h>d encouuiered the "CuTafori," S8, Captain Fruicia Laforey, 

when afiiT ui action whicli Inaied an hour and a quarter, the 

" CiLator " again hauled down the French ciiluun, and waa R'alored 

.1 the rank ahe had formerly held in (ha llritlsh aervico. Upon the 

Arrival of ihe " Audaeioua " in flymoudi S;iund uu (he 3rd of June, 

Slua b«eii already recorded,) bringing die liKellJ^nc* that the 
tiab and Freneli floeta were in aed.m. Rear- Admiral Montagu 
waiglied and put l» aea, witli nine aail of the line and two fngalea, 
~- ' ID the Bth ai-riicd uff Ushaut. The aanie day he deaeried twelve 

in tbe ulflng, and gsTe chaae; they provrd ta be a French 

■qiutdrun ondur the command of Rear-Admind Cornice, who im- 
iDrdiaMly, with all aail they could carry, stiiod into the Bay of 
Bertheaume; Rear-Admiral Montagu accoudiogly Ufked and Unod 
DfTuoJer rafiysajl, when next inomm^Ri awen fc,i»,»,%j«'.'«*»i««e 
hamng weat, and discovered to he nioeWea »aA vfl. &»■*»»» »" 



1781.] HLTJtL TtCTOBt 0?F UBHiNT. 



228 CAPTUBE OF THX FBXNCH WEST INDIAK IBLAITDS. [a JO. 

tliree frigates. This was the remnant of the grand fleet standing in 
for land. The British Admiral now finding he had a fleet on eithw 
side, each nearly double in number to himself, continued hn ooorBS 
to the southward, and the whole French fleet bore up in pursait ; but 
about five p.m., when his headmost ships were witliin four milea of 
the British rear, the French Admiral, afraid of being drawn to leeward 
of his port with his crippled ships, hauled upon a wind to the east- 
ward on the larboard tack, and was soon lost sight of*. 

On the 17th the *<Romne)r," 50, Captoin the Honourable William 
Paget, passing near the island of Miconi in the Archipelaf^, with a 
meixhaiit convoy, discovered tlie French frigate *' Sibylle,*' 40, Chef- 
de-Division Rondeau, with a broad pendant and a convoy. To aave 
the effusion of blood, Captain Paget sent a message to the Frendi 
commander desiring him to surrender his ship, which the Commo> 
dore refused, saying he had made an oath never to strike his eoloiirs 
even to superior force. An action accordingly comm^iced, and in 
an hour and ten minutes tlie ''Sibylle" hauled down her eokNOS 
and with her convoy was taken possession of by the ** Romney.*' 

22. Capture of the French West Indian Islandb. 

Early this year a fleet under Vice- Admiral Sir John Jervis, and Ge- 
neral Sir Charles Grey, was dispatched against the French island of j 
Martinique. On the 18th, 19th, and 20th of March batteries were I 
established against the town of Port Royal and Fort Bourbon, and 
it was determined to assault the fort on the latter day. The ^ Asia,** 
64, Captain Brown, and the ^ Zebra," sloop, 16, Captain Faulkner, 
furnished a body of seamen for the boats ; and the land force eon* 
sisted of the 1st and 3rd grenadiers under LieuU-CoIonel Stewart, | 
and the 1st and 3rd light infantry under Lieut- Colonels £}Te Coole, ! 
and Close. The naval force was commanded by Commodore Thomp- I 
son, and the laud force was under Colonel Symee, and Lieut.* Coiooel j 
Buckeridge. The ai>Siiult on Fort Royal was made on the 80th; j 
the " Asia" was to have been carried into her station by thefonucr j 
lieutenant of the port, M. de Tourelles, but in a fit of patriotism he 
refused to pilot her in ; and observing the '* Asia " balfledy Captain 
Faulkner in the *' Zebra " dashed singly on to her poet in defiance 
of showers of grape, leaped overboard when he got close to the fort, 
and at the head of his sloop's company assailed it with all the ferce 
and animation tliat characterize English seamen in the face of an 
enemy, before the boats could get the rest of the men on shore. This 
gallant attack had its due effect on M. Rochambeau, the GoTsmor of 
Fort Bourbon, and the British flag was hoisted upon the island 
of Martinique on the 23rd. On the 1st of April the expedition pro- 
ceeded to the attack of St. Lucia, and after the troope had asaanlted 
and carried the outposts, Genend Ricard, the Governor of Morue 
Fortun^e, entered into terms for the surrender of the whole iaiaiid. 
Prince Edward, the father of Her present Majesty, was on dutj on 
both these occasions. 

^ James. 



omhe 


Uth of April lliB united ssrvicM 


Preiicl. 




•■ Wind. 


iMiia." UH]iiBiii L«rJ Girlies, who 


mw«y« 


mlli-n.>B, tliat llieir gniiH wwb son 



17dt.] BBATH or LjL SOGUE-JACQUXLIH. 229 

muie a deecent on Iha 
iiR wn* covered by Uis 
stood in BO cluge to the 
n BllKncuili uid lii> Lurd- 
■li>|i won llx' .mly iu»n wuunileil. 'I'lio 43n) lulrl U3rJ iv'giiiienCB, 
uiiilor Majrir-UHimral UiinriRi, attil tlla >eameii witii tlioir pikciB vid 
oiitlnew:*, iiBHimlti-d uid tuok )>niim«aioii of a strong fort iMUled Flour 
■l'E|ii!e un tliB 12thi This Hiiuflcig sorted to puc Sir Cliarin Grey 
into imniediftle (iMieniati of Qraude TBrre, A gmc number or the 
niDiny oBoapsd into llwie Terre, wliitlier tlicy ware followed an tbe 
U(h, and (liB famnuB pout of PuliniBtQ was carried, wJien Qcnerftl 
Collot, the Governor, leeinK all lii« forM i>i llie liandn of ihu la- 
vadan, proposed a sorrender of the island and all its depeiideDeie* 
nn the SOlh. Prince Edward agnin had a comnifljid on this oecaainn 
and gaiiiDil dintiuatioo, and the ]»bb of Iha British wa* about ten 
ni«n. Having plumd Msjor-Ueuer.il Dundas in the oomnuuid of 
UuailHliiiipe wiib what was deemed a BuHiulent fjarrisou, the ex< 
podjlion sailed away. On the 3rd of June a squadron of nioD 
French sliipa appeared off iho villiga uf Gouier, and oommeneed 
diasinbaFltiiiR troops under the coiiimanil of (he famous VIbmf 
ilogupB an alvll commiBiai'y. Culonel Di'uinmond cnmmsndlng the 
fort at Flenr d'Bpte liod with liim about 3W) man, of wliioh nearly 
800 wars Preneh royaliata; thsM men loudly demandod to be led 
againal tli« invadan^ but at the Itrst chot they turned aboul and all 
bill aboul tliirty threw tlieir arms away and doaerleil. Unimmnnd'i 
garriwin oould raiw therefo™ Bearcely iiunibar IfiO men, who wara 
aoun iibliKw) to abandon the fort, retiring into Fort Ht, Louis, wh«n he 
found his forse still fiirtlisr reduoed lo about forty men ; with these 
he embarked In buata and gut kw ay to Grande 'iVrre. As soon as the 
arrival of the Frencb squadron wiih known Ui Sir John Jervis and 
Sir Cluirlei Grey ihoy retumed to Ouadaloupe, but it was the lOth 
before thny oould effect a landing at Anse-ii-Can«t i several akir* 
miahea eliauail between the troupe to the end of Juue without mult, 
and on tha Ind of July an nnnuccessrul attack waa made at roinlo- 
i-Pitr*; im the 3rd lliit British m-embiLrked after a lusa of abont 
100 man, and quitted ptaaeiiaion nf Ouadiluupe. 
About this time the prineipal fnrti in Han Uomlngo were wrealeit 
the Freneh Rupublie by an expedition under ComniodorH Fi ~' 
^lantl Whl[«loirk, eonsixting of four ships of Hie lina-uid ili 

__, 'Ith the latli aufUlBl rogiiuontn. and the Hank ooniptuiet 

of the 4Uib, when (Jitpe Tlhiioon nud the Fi'rnuh eapilal nf I'urt-ai 
PilDce surrendered lo lli'i llrlliall by eapllulation on the Sth of Jun 
■itd aixtaen ahipa luid brljia I'iclity hideu with eolanlal goada bmi 
Into the haniU of the aunquurors. 

89. Win IN L* VnnDi* — Oiutb or Li IlociiK-J*oiiUiu.iK, 
AfMr the butehery of SkTenny in Dooemher Imi yrar, Cliarslta 
" ' ' " "'■ by obtaining posaMsinn by surpriaa of tb* 

, k ruck south of the Lfllre,a1ianl seven laague* 
in dnunifFrsauK, separated from tha main by a branch of tlie m 




D'tUlitfo 



2S0 uxiTB or L*. BOCHK-JACQirxuH. [aji. 

wliloh rvn* in wlih tl>» tiiln Ilka a inill-«Ui«m, and wbloh «nnlailin4 
ft llftniilxH I"|<uliit<<in of Mimn (HHlil kiuIii. Tbn Vmii1b*ii oliirf mada 
thii ■ pUca U'arnin, uil kli a KBrriHin Uinm nndra Ptuftuil, bIiII* 
Iw longvi tho mantr^ twtwi-ini Sallv*, wIihv Jnly liral op fur 
nKiniiti, uij Chfttilluii, wlivrvLft niuhB-Jaoiiudln Imlil imi. Grii*ml 
ThniTMn ■rrivnd at Ilia rloac of lliayFarto camntaliil (lii< n jTiliTli'iin 
fnraai, noil forthwith bn'k ■••••■owtnn "f ihU I'Un'l "n " ^" •' 

JanuAry. with ■ fc>r«a uf WOO ntni anil a nnval or 

NMrriwiii ■udcrodMl hi ilaiibllnu oiia of ihe rrigaini ' I 
bul deaniiU won rlfpoled ok H'ToriU piitiita, anil ili'' i 
IhtmwlvM u|i ill IliD lowu. Uvn- PI nam), an bcliiti bum 
nndonNl nn larinn. Aa aoon m hu had nbulnad |kmh'-' 

iha lalalld of every Buapceivil |MrMii ; ■innnn lli 

' I, nn> nf the clilsf laaildntor ih* iiianmvtlmi, i 
wuunila hu bad nealvtHl U thn hntUa at CholltL K- 
wu alluvrrd to ■[>«« Iha priannsni primta, womi-ii, < i 
wan bniuffhi tn hvad-quarWra, and iiililMal; almt. 

TbMB uunatnral angwiaa iiroducvd in iha pnnrlnora ancAWtqidN I 
wmtiwry to what liail barn Intondnd, Pr<>in tlina whulfwala mntii* 
nnllltudaa BKa|Mil, barnhii with haiu and >m{(MiiiT: ilipv p,f,. 
eaalod thomaclTnln tha vaM ForMUof La Vrnd^a, nurt :•. •( - 
inanhy trtkou with which ilia wcmdy rajtlim abnnnil*; n 
naMitninnl al tlu'ir prlvalluii of the Tnoana nf niil>ut» 
nn laiiinr an/ llilnR bi Uim but tlmlr llvga, lb>y — • 
to liaaarJ all tn bn rcvcnjiiHl on Uialr iip|iiin>iini. 1 1 
and vftUanl CliarsUn, ihuuth ha »m n»«r d«tiri*ril •■! \.,irii...ii- I 
livra uid liad boon drlr*ii l>*rnr* O'nnral Cbirprnllvr From H>- 
sliMOnl, had ■aoratlj' vlniwd hia •lianmliiilnl jiaiiiaaDK ami mmml 
tbaiB acalii lo autlon i by thia Diaaiia lia aMraiblnl ftrnuiid hb 
Maailard 10,000 or ISMW ni«n. Cathelltiaau waa alau In lb. 11 " 
and Ia Hwihii-Jao(|urlin and St<ifflKl wara ulrrioit In Anjno. 
thIa paiiod alo tb* Cboiiaiia jo<n«l tlia rvvolt, ami br|[an <a m 
lh«lr ftpiiaannea In liriiiany. Th»« took th«lr iwtiiii from IbM* 
jmrng man, tba anna of « lubaUiollal ownrr of aintia Ipoii r<iin<Iri 

■hay put IhamaalTaa at tba baad nf a number of t1i>' > 

provtae* wbuni tiuiy prav^lad upoli to taka«up ami" 
eauM. Thwr at firai lAuwod lliamaalroa In iba iini ' 
FsuiirM, Tba diHUar* whinh hiul haptninnl In i1i< 
6a>«nay and abnwhen halpad |H>narfiill> In rrorutl Oi- 
Cliouanai for iho TuRltivM naw ita iithar nu-ana i>( ' < 
diraot Ihair omniv ti> HriUanr. TIimm varlmw v 
bloakadvd llii> n-pulillcan iguartvra, pntvmlad tlim 



(brnilijabla opponmta, Ganaral Tburrnau fuvmtd i' 
atlaok lit about tMHI aim aaoh, which warn t<i aat nn' i 
Wib of JuHia^, and nTafs Uiw ononir*, wlih t)iv > 
hand and tlio turob In Iba olhiir, uiiill Uin; all ninl a 
onlan. LharalM donlrlvad lu blsreapl Un 



1704.] Bl^TH OF LA. ]tOOHl-JA.CQUXLIR, 231 

columns by the intellif^ee which he received, which enabled him to 
fikll on them suocessiyely before they coQld be collected (or the 
support of each other. J oly stopped one of them at Leg^, whence 
the column was driiren into Nantes. The Vendean chieftain lost two 
sons in this action, one at his side and the other in the republican 
ranks. On the 10th of February Charette encountered General 
Doquesnoy at St. Colombin; a rivulet separated the combatants; 
the myalists rushed across it to the attack, regardless of the means 
resorted to by the General to oppose them. Having no expert 
soldiers among them, the royalists continued to overlook the 
utility of cannon, but taught by fatal experience what destructive 
engines they were in dexterous hands, they were very alert at the 
beginning of a ooutfcst in depriving their antagonists of their guns. 
Their manner of doing this was singular : ten or twelve stout-bodied 
and resolute men were selected for the taking of each gun ; armed 
only with cutlasses they ran circuitously with the utmost speed 
towards the piece they were apfMiinted to seise ; the moment they 
saw tlie matcli applied, they fell on their faces, and when the report 
was heard they arose and proceeded in the same manner till they 
had reached their intended object, which they rarely failed to spike. 
But these means of attacks were soon stopped. Charette fbund 
himself turned by Duquesnoy at Pont-James, and leaving 700 or 
600 dead on the field, the rest fled into the forest of Servi^re. 

La Roche-Jacquelin had contrived to pass with 1200 men between 
two of Thurreau's columns, and fell upon the little town of Che- 
milli<(, which he entered. General Cordellier was immediately 
directed to get together two of the columns and advance on Gesttf. 
La Roche-Jaequelin, calling in Stoflflet to his assistance, took post 
on the 4th of March at the village of Trementine, near the forest of 
Vegins, and fell at once on the republicans, whom he forced back 
on Nouailltf. In their pursuit, the Vendeans came on two soldiers 
concealed in the bushes, and could have sacriflced them, but La 
Roche-Jacquelin coming up at the moment, called out, ** Reudes-vous 
— je vous fais grice." One of these scoundrels hearing the leader's 
name brought him down with his musket, and was immediately hacked 
to pieces by the royalists ; but La Roche-Jacquelin *8 wound was fatal, 
and thus fell at the age of twenty-two, in this most ignoble manner, 
one of the greatest chiefs of the Vendean party. He is recorded as 
an officer of the most promising virtues and talents, who had on all 
occasions exhibited great courage and capacity. At the same time, 
in the ranks of the royalists, there fell a young lady, strongly 
attached to him, and who now, unable to bear his loss and impatient 
to revenge his death, rushed forward at the head of a few followers 
into the midst of the enemy, where she soon met her fate and her 
sex was recognized. 

Stofflet assumed the command. He had long been jealous of 
the more popular young leader's merits, and no sooner had his 
companions rendered in haste the last duties to the body of thehr 
chief, than with a selftshness which was a great drawback to hit un- 
questioned bravery, he exclaimed, *< Co n'tftail pas grand* ohoss que 



232 CHATR or LA iiooti«-JAOqt.'XLn>. [jh.p. 

Totr* Lk ltn(il|['-Jiic<|uiilin." lluwavar, liD lliiiiiviliitl»l)' rallnnM M I 
(lift hnti lift ciiulil liiuilvr, uwl mi iIih lOlh wIlli «M)I> oi- .MMM) iiu'., ; 

Ml upon CliulK 'l"f*"<l>-t l>r Ovnnul Moulin*. T 

vkln fuilmtvimrcd M irtmt llii- nlUvh of Um r»yit]Ui>- . i 
ili*r tn all III* nppoila will <l*d •way In IimIv. Ih" 
•mil H liinHHiltwa* wiiuildcd I |i»r>r Mniillns foil rniio I.. 
would har* biMHi put to pluw by tliH InnirKOiiM liul tlmL .. .,.:.,.. . 

St*d lili hM by blowiiiK oul hli own, Imtna. Tbr ui'im uf lUlt 
■uWr aonn naelird nonaraJ <^>tM*lliar, wbu advuuFnl uiil Mir> | 
prlHil BtolH*! In Cliallal, and afwr a Diaiildarahla 
royalliU wn-c uk»Iii ilrUnii .,..[ nt It. 

Orii.i'ut Tl .'M, t. , > .'..„, Illy natim iraoM at Oir.,. 

ibo hull i< <> ' .1 f< ' ' LMi< lip wlih lilni al V. > 

n..ur I ■' ■ !■ ' ...Inn. nlibr kno*iii)[ "■■■' 

•l*tim.tMl I. . . ■ ■ ^■, mid m Uiii oonllkit ll<' . 

d*>1r«d i\- iiii){lit 1.0 I'l-ixij^lit In him allvg, but llimrn 
fualtig hi aiirTendar, wa* ■hut d«il In Ills alra||glB, Oi 
nan wa* now dlrnctcd by (h> KiiVDriiininl to xiiid a <ki 
iiT MHW miHt affninil tin Qinuani. on Itw nJito nf Hri' 
obllnd tn Invo Charvtt* and KtaHlot hi b* olmnrvnl n> 
mlitlil by Owiaral Curdallln, «liil« hn ■■lalilUliiil riu. . 
eainpii, M ktrji dnwn thii Innum'Mlflii In hi* ab*>ii>< . 
aani* Hm*. tliK Cunvantiim, iDa*ld*rtnK >lin lii*iirr<H''i. . 
hy tliMn iii*a*iin«, wiihdrair flFlrtiii bnttahiMii of tlir \ i i 
la llayuiin', tu *lrr-ni{tlini tliit Pyran*aii armlaa. 

Til* Vviiiliiiin pliirfa, hiforinn'l of nil llivav olraiitiutanm, an 
Utethar ni Jallai*. In Ihn Drat d«vt of May. Ths difllciilty m* la 
««tllili|[ ttliii abimhl ba dopinad tlia nlibtl ihs rnuinrm 
fiinin* of th* liiaurrMtinn ptva Stt,IM)0 moii, wlih tm (iin 
ahoul SOOO w*ra ennalrlarad aa ntvnipy, but In thl* arm llmv Kiwa 
DtcaaMrlly riaflclanl. Tlia hnraaa whioh Ibvy oihiUI o»mm ' -- - 
tbdr own rMnnnwi wvra likan rhini iha nlnujfli and u 

work, and wanalni'MtuMlnafur Uitillrld, Tl i^lv i-.-..| 

Ibuy Emnld iiblaln vwn what Ih-y t-xik f> . ' 
rvpubliiwn trcHina, wg]| awan of ilio drnri. . 
nwpKit to caT^ry, war* dMlnnw aflar '' 



by Iho roynllata hibi Ihr*« ari'..» ' 
In iIm eouatrf about tha ImW' , < 
SajiInMU wa* indlrael tlia nll^n' 

Rantna. Tb* Abl>< Ilaniiur < 

Vaiidaan laadam.andwaaaf rKiiiii..:- i 
whila r<irlil*i>wn |inriHwi li« fiiiipi:(ik'i| n. 
anil ChantM, tn tiriltanj', tha romtM •'■■ 
Itnurmonl. and Uauripia Caduuilal. with "i. 

iBaiirrmrMnni and orounlad Iha aiuinibin ni :> 

Ihnn IVmii Itint anri ChFirbaiir|[. Tliurrnaii "in .injiiiorti nii.i mv. 
by Uinntal Canalaiii, who andaaniund witlioiit iMVMa |a 






3794.] irjLB OTH THE PYKEHEiN TRONTIER. 23S 

ir the fnieal of Perche o( thi> Chonnni ; m<1 about Che middle at 
' foCL'ea were agikia Jlmiiiiiihed liy the willidrawal of ia,<H)0 
juforce tliB Mmj of the MiHelle. 

24. War on tice Pvuknbin FnoNTtEK. 

iBt willidraw our attenlion now to the elate of the oontoit of 

B Republic r>a iw Pjruiuuiu frontier, latlie WeUeni Pyrenvee, tlie 

•n krmien in face <^ each other had employed Iheinivlrea during 

^ winter in oecu|iyiiig with aiime kind of fortiRcatinii " wnry uoigiie 

if vantkge." The Freiicli liad fanned an iatrenclled entnp in front 

tt SL Jean do Luz, which in the language of the timeB was ndled 

f'Le Camp des Sans Culottes," and this wai intended eepBcinlly for 

Wihti disoiplinc nnd proinotiun <if Che young conacripCs, who were sent 

'D replace ihs re^lar baltalions, withdrawn to defend the 

ties of the Republic in other direclione. Theae now conaiatsd 

E «f forty battalions, and were nndor the command of General Frtg^ 

f liU^ luviug under him Colonol Eapinasw, of the artillery, charged 

mora particularly witli the couEtructiiHi uf the fartiflcaCiuoa. 

The Spanish army of the West Pyrenees had seat off Its best 
*' ~ ions tu reinforoo the iinny of Ruussillon, ou the Eaet, but at thia 
il connsbed of some 20,000 men (in great proportion militia), 
under the command uf the Captain- General Ventura-Caro ; and an 
engineer had the direction <>f the defences. These last were, how- 
«vcr, very inferior in atrenfith and excent to llie eanhworka of the 
EWnch, whieh consiated of Hiroiig forts united by ourCains, and 
having in front redoubts, and redans, and other epaulmenta, formed 
in echelons for the defence of each other. This line extended along 
the frontier between the two states, from the sources of the Nive to 
Andnye. Here was a very strong redoubt called " he Calvaire 
d'Urrugne," and auothor, " Ia Croix des Bouquets." Caro resolvsd 
to attempt on [he 5th of February to carry these works, and thus 
taking the ofTeUBivB intended to invade France by crossing the fron- 
tier. The right of the Spanish army was commanded by the Duka 
d'Osauna, at Bui][uettei the centre, under Lleutenant-Qeneral Ur- 
mtia, occflpied tiie Biiatan Valley ; and the left, under Lieutenant- 
Oeneml Gil, occupied the main camp at St. Martial, near to Ysun, 
The troops were set in motion at early mnraiog in several columna, 
and fell with such eiTecC upon " Le Gilvure," that they carried this 
redoubt and there estahliehed themaclves ; another column got pos- 
Reesion of " Le Cr^iix dee Bnuqueta," from whence they cannuuaded 
heavily " LeCamp des Sane Cuiottrs," General Fr^geville was atth« 
moment absent, and Colonel Eapinaase thought it best torolinquinh the 
advanced posts, and to collect his troops around a strong rodoubt 
which he had fortified with much care and armed with several guna. 
Proud of their first anccesaea, the Spaniards advanced un the work 
called " La Redoule de la Libert^," and a fiercs oonlest ensued. 
On tlie one side sumo French marinoa recently arrived from Toulon 
were deetreyed. Ou the Spanish aide thu \r\di tft^TwH*. dv \L\>n«». * 
^ was eut t'l pieces. At this ausiiieioati mcmiCTA, w'te^ "itvB «was« \ 
r ■ jnere ehBeked in their adranoe, Vxt%vi&a »it\vBi,\)M\ %WM«w»fi''i 



/ 



2S4 B4TTt.B OF 1I0DU)K. [*.». 

npllwl 14 Oilcmel EnpliiMiw, wlio offBird lo reai|[n Ihe eninniwi', 
" Non, tn m » liien iu>< ; ■cli4*« Ion iiainpi rt <(Ub I-m Fnlw" •» 
doivF OFtte belle jnnrn^e lant« exll^." After the riimbM bid 
tutMl fliiciit hiiun, Oim Aniiiil lie Nitild nnt fiirpa thn intrroeinmiil, 
and uvs ordprm tii rpircu, which hu IroniM illd in good onlrr, 

Tbe Spanish G<4irrn>l lud tn *«in HimHadrd reinfnrewi ii iM! 
tw WW ODW ordered lo remain pntirdjr on the dofi'tiali'*, fb* 
SMnbb gnvomment liod mnlveil ibBt all l)ie (ifftnalia enofta 
■bonld ba dlroeiud aKaliinl tha oniiTn> tn ihe Eaaleni rjTanM% 
wb*r« Qoneral da U ITniiin waa amt to take di* nnnmand In Ui* 
plOM ol Hjrardn*, wlin liad retired from it lo ill* al Madrid. Tbr 
French CommiLlfw nl Puhlie Ksfi't]' gkVn the cmnmand of tMr 
tirmy ill tlw K4*lem Pfrrnfca to (li'Deral Doftnmmier, vbo arriral 
about tba and of Ih-onnbtT, and fuand liimwlf at tha h*ad afw 
wm}' of 36,000 mm. in bad (umditiun, vnntnmd in front nt Pn> 
pijtnan, between Thuir on (heir ri|{tit and St. Nauire 'in their left, 
while a aeparaie corpi, nnd«r General Da^Eolwrt, ocitipled L* Ctr- 
dagiie, alonK the aourova of the 1'ei, and aeruna tho gpaniati fhiMi* 
U br aa BrNer. 

The Fni.eh army toali the inillallo nn tlic STih of March ; Hi 
right wing was under Au)[ereau, af Maa d'Eu ; tlie left under Saonl, 
RtOrlaHa: lh«r«M>T*euiider Victor. Digubcrt ttaaordtred iflt«ni*ln 
quiitt, hijt ■ apirit Kka hla waa impatient nf reiioae, and he ad' 
{Millie7thor April. !n*pltaornrdeni,wllh HOOO inen, nn MuR 
uu) dmT« back the cnemv an far a* Caatel-Ciu'tad, Ukinn trnm l> 
aeren pieen of cannoti. Ife al tha aama time itii|Hi«ed a cwtttJbatiaB 
on Sen d'UrEel anil ita m-ijihlHiiirhood ; bitt tha eivriion wm iob 
mncli for a frania that hail ni>w lo andnre ila Mtmly- 
and he (ell ill from fatij^e, and died of a malignant fever 
9|U of Hi;, niuoh rrgrrtted by the French army. 

2fi. DtTTLB or IIOULOFr. 

The Harqnia da laa Amxrillai held the command of tin ] 
amy in the «mp of Boulon, whiiih he had fnrlifled with pa 
care, and whivb appeared calculaied to bar moat efTectti 
•ntnwsa Into the upper valley of Uw Tech, by two fori 
radonbia ealled "Troinpett«* llauloa" and " HooUsqulou." Th* br- 
treM Bellegarde on tho lop nf the tnountaini covered hia rear, tai 
hi* right reateil on ColliouTC and I'ort Vendra. Qenentl La VaiM 
arrived lu aatame the command in Ihataal dayaof April, and removed 
hia hii*d-i|Diirler* higher nu tha valley to Curat, and aent a dvtaali* 
nieut under tl>a entnniand of Oeneral Medinoetla lo oceupy Oma wd 
Taillel ua tbe hilla to hi* left— a capital fault, tinoa ha thoa abut 
Unmalf np in tim valley of tha Taoh, away from bi> BomnmnioaliMiB. 

The f reiieh enjjiineiini had remarked that the moat foraiMabla 
* '' of Bouhm wrre commanded by a helghl 



-M fc_ 



1794.] BITTLB Of BOCtOV. 285 

Uie hemiilsge, wliirh to hi* iDTpriae be foand BOi-enipinl . Ke im- 
medistely hdI r<irw&rd his Adjuunt-Gnml Frtn, liih BOI) mm, 
to attack ibe TmtntwHn rRkwbt, dcfnuM br Mirtelikl- do-Camp 
Arian. Gei>eral Pecignoo «Ub a eorfM ur 6DM n^i bad bwp abls 
to Dccupy VilJetoDguo, uid GndipK iw mgiu ef lire, for ibe Iroop* had 
Iwen withdrawn fur the inleodrd ■dranre tnm C«ret. heacnl forvard 
two briRBdes tii the attack of Ibe redniibt HonlrBqaiou. tineral La 
Uninn had been an engraued with Uie aliaek be had meditnied and 
prepared under Medinucila, that no prepantian had befn mado 
agaiuBt ihe French advance in the dirmion of tlie rvdoubU ; but as 
smm aa the General- iii-Cbwf heard of thne ■nnvemetitii, he sent llie 
Prinee of Monforle with tome bxttaliom to anisl in thrir defenoe, 
and to units with Cunnl del I'uprtii: but the sinKie reginient that 
defended MauIe«qniOD, under D<>n KnnciMO Vdiifgu, had been 
already vanqubhed, and he hiniwlf, wuonded and a*iTe<-nie, bad 
escaped with difficulty. The Tromp>et[es rvdoubt bad been atao 
earned. La Union, inatead of hastening to the front (o repair these 
miaTartunea, called a coaiunl of war in the night at Cerel, when the 
chief of tile Btaff. Morla, proposed an immediate attack on General 
Peri^on, bat, as naual, in councils of war, Ilia safe course was 
proposed and adopted, and it was determined to abandon the Frencli 
territfpTj-, and at unce t«' retire behind the Pyrenees. Measures were 
■ccordinuly taken U> call back the division of Medinuetta acrons the 
Tech, which wim t« puss tlie bridge of Ceret, aud march upon Man- 

■■laa. 
mpatient of the return of daylight and strengthened by Ivo 
brigadea and Bunie caTalry which bad, in the cimme of the night, 
jtuned Perignon, the French were on the alert at fire in the morning 
of the 1st of May, and fell upon the Count del Puerto in his 
in trench men ta. With aome difficult the Count gnt clear of the 
camp anil reached the high road to Bellegarde, by which he crossed 
ibe mountains ; but General Martin having, in the pursuit, poBaeaaed 
himself of Hsutea Ecluses, the Prince of Mouforte was unable to 
follow his comrade, and fell back, accordingly, to j'lin La tlninn 
between Maureillaa and Ceret. The whole Spanish arttty was utterly 
eomprumiBcd, by being ihua tut uS from the paea by Bellegarde, 
«nre no other communication acroea the mnuntains remained to 
them but the Col de Porteil. There was, indeed, a means of mount- 
ing the Tech to its source and crossing the mountains between the 
two St. Laureuta ; but there was no time fur reHection, and nothing 
left but flieht, and, accordingly, every chief tout his own way. 
Vivas marched from the camp at Bouliin acrnaa the bridge of Ceret, 
but was obliged to sacrifice three battalions, and escapHl with one 
brigade by pushing for St, Laurent da Cerda. The troops of 
Monforte and Amarillaa disbanded and got aoRisa the Col de Porteil 
«n abtUle. Augereau, seeing the diairesaesof the Spaniards, brought 
forward Ida cavalry under Lahbarre, wlio rushed on the whole 
artillery, ahut up in' the deflle of Maiireillaa, and o&qtured 14Q ^ucA, 
800 Biales, all the hnggago ami camp ei^\\\(b»^o,B»i\Wft'V™'"*''*' 

He Connt de Ja Union tirrived Bome iaia\B,\»rc »^'S\%iwi»*i"*'™™- 



3 BATTLE or BOVLOK. [k.0. 

ha founcl Ihal lil>H|tl>t. uTulcr Nnvarm.at (JoIKuuro, wan.vat blue ; Idi 
Uft »u ■mm r>Ubti>>bi!cl knln at St. Laurent dn la Mnuom bj Iha (il- 
kIUvh ciilWtcd on vvery Ailu, Hid ha UimiKht ho \mA aRftln an timy 
tu taki^ till' iii-Ul.aiirl tliouj{li withuut a*iiij(iii aan, ha hupad lu twaMa 
di ualaliliHli liliiiMir nn tlia iiHHintain TriinUar. Bui hin MUim/ «M 
nal illiiiUM-il ti> alliii* him mugh tiin(iWiid<iritany"n(rii dntPTBiBBtiilu 
Un tliu (Jill Aii)i«rt«u, wllb 40IM men, hail {luwd aaniu Um Fjnv 
niiari iiuiiiiiiii aijil appeared before St. Laui'ent, uf whioh b« p u iiiil 
liliiiM-ir wiih little miatancv. Kara Uo touurl ■ foundry and Mh 
niaiinfnnuirj, both of very p'eat eertioe to the liet-irion* trmj. 
Duiiominiir hI tliu Miinc liriieiaiil turwitd GenenJ Saurpt, aappOflid 
by Vipi'ii, in hi'--vt ('.itliiinii.-, Perlitiiun, mareliing no trota Bonlon 
hy tin- lii;^li r-., I, ■•.,: Initu hi-fiiim Dalltvanla and pushed forward N 
tIjD '.'ijI .1.' I'.ii'i'i!. »jiii-li lUn ftpaiilnrd* avaouatcd, and ba Una 
crouu'il uiiil |jii'i)j<'il In: <\.,i-<[ luiviih battaliiin* In •■tablinh a cams al 

Daniui.., *)iWh .^ii.-i".l )iiiii with AilgaiHmu at Si. I.aur«nl. bul 

lb* Uk)Ih o! •» niKuy [>Uai>ii at oixta vu twrniid th* inunt thi 
Gaii*raT Ouj{nmiaiFr liail at hi* omumMid, aiid iiaw for tuina lb 
dilainad Ihv ratiubllmna in wminleta inii(iti»ii. 

Uiidw tliwo ainfumatMion La Uuiim thuufiht to atlvmpt mui 
tlilnjt to wlpa out the ainvnt and dlagraoa ho had rmeived at B^iok 
and Caret, and Kei>nlini|ly, oa tha lUth at Majr, ha dlrooted 
brigadta nT VIraa and Salana to throateii Augepnu at St. Lanraii 
whrie Hedinualta, witli all ths oavslry, wm to adtanca aiciin 
Oatieral Porigli'm'B eainp at Uo hi JanqiilDrc. i!uvi.riii|; tlic aiala 

Ballaganiaj Puertn, with hla brijiada, wu» nt ilic imu-- it ■VitteU 

lointrodaoo hlmaalr botwaan tha two umiiii' iij<<I ■■'<< i-ir iIm ir ii 

of oooimuDiMIiiiD. But the attempt wuh in :::|'iK"iir il. ^m.i fjik 

Viva* kDd Snlana wnra nverthniwn liy j ii Mii.iti'l -, I'lmr 

WM mat by Qaneral Ouvaux; ffrijpiun iiiiii'<'<i rumnKl iwn iirij^Hdn 
tn rapol Hedinualta, and tlie affair »m mhui t<'i'iiiiiiiit>"l, li'aviaaSIW 
Spaiilai'dii pi'lMiiivra ill (lia hands of the rF|iiiblliinnn. A P'ransh to> 
tiiln uF wivHiit"'!! voaula had in tha mean ivliilo nrrlvvd off tha mmI 
with tliu manitluna of aiajta on the 6ih of May, Mid aii'ge waa mw 
ronularlf liiid ui St. Elma, vihlch Ilea botwecii, and in Kime wirt «o» 
manda, both Cullloura and Poit Vendro. Tlia Mar«oha]-d*^n 
NaTarm aornmaudad hero with a garrinon of BOOO men. Ua the Idn 
tha SpnnianlR mad* a aoitibliiud aortiu fmni all throe plaoaih *•! 
rarji nearly c»ptui«il DiijidminiBr hlniiwlf in tlia open ironi!h«it, wkt, 
Ibiiugh tie eeonped, viw wiiuiidad iu tbu atrugicla. Nine H poatldMa 
opannd upun St. Elma on the lOth, and on tin SSi'd th* Oinenl- 
in-Chief, irritated at tha delay of a fortnight In thv aurrnnilar of M 
poor a plaae, detemiiiied to try the affect of eawliula. Oirinn, M b 
waa aaid, to too much rMbtwae, Ihia failed ; but tha Kiurinon tlunifkl 
it tlmo to Mk for tarnia. Thoaa damaudrd viere, howi-ror, so wvan, 
that the gBTriaun doiorminad to dtwert the plaoe, and tliniw them* 
■alvw Into- ColUuura and Port Vondre. On thii the Freneh fir* 
tumad u/ion tlio Jaltor, which induced tho entira garrlaon to 
I thamnlrta up Jn Ciilliouro. Hi!r*,on iW 1W[i,S«i»mw wsrfw 
propoatl fnim Admiral Gntvina. to brinR \»i» 'h«* ttott.'i»'i«** 



1794.] 



WAB OK THB ITALTA.K VBOKTIEB. 287 



Rosas for his preservation, and on the 26th the Admiral, on the 
point of anchoring off the place, wns encountered by siicli a storm, 
that lie was obliged to leave the coast, and the Governor in his 
abnndonntent surrendered CoUioure with its gnrrison of 7000 men, 
on the 2Uth, on the sole condition of their being permitted to return 
to Spain, in exchange for nn equal number of Pi*onch prisoners. 
In th^ short delay while the negotiations lasted, a regiment of 
French emigrants, called ** Legion de la Heine," under Lieut,- 
Colonel Anioros, succeeded in making their escape in sn open boat 
and avoiding the fate that would inevitably have awaited them from 
the republicnns. General La Union refused to ratify the capitu- 
lation made by Navarro, upon the ground that a body of 7000 men 
ahould have endeavoured to cut tlieir way through the investing 
forces, before entering into any terms of surrender. 

The command of the corps of La Cerdagne, after Dagobert's 
death, fell on General Doppet, who, on the 4th of June, ntade an 
inroad upon the Spanish divisions left in charge of the several passes 
across the mountains. With little difficulty the Frencli got posses- 
sion of Campredon, and, driving out some militia near Oquendo, 
advanced as far as liinoll. But the Count de la Union had no mind 
that these troops should subsist on the contributions of his country- 
men, and ordered Vivas, with five battalions and some militifi, to 
drive them back, while General Cuesta, who commanded a small 
division at Seu d'Urgel, was to advance and threaten the vatlev of 
the Segre, so as to bring back the republican troops to protect their 
own i*esources. Vivas succeeded well in his mission; and on the 
18th of June the French retired out of Campredon with the loss of 
two guns and some prisoners. Cuesta marched on the 25th with 
340U infantry and 400 cavalry, but was stopped by some x^epublioan 
troops intrenched near Helver and obliged to retrace his steps ; 
tho Brigadier Baria attained the plain of Puyoerda, where he en- 
countered some of Doppet*s divinions, who would have crushed him, 
but that he was able to escape across the Puginal Pass, with the loss 
of 200 prisoners and some baggage. 

20. War on tub Italun Faontieh. 

On the frontier of the Alps and Italy, as Kellermann had been 
summoned to the bar of the Convention for his conduct at Lyons, he 
was succeeded in the command by General Dumas, who had forty 
battalions an<l fourteen squadrons in La Valais, while General 
Dumerbion lay with an equal number between Kntrevaux and the 
sea near Mentone. Piedmont, threatened with extinction, had not 
only collected for its defence a native force of 45,000 men, but had 
called to its aid an auxiliary corps of 8000 • Austrians, and was also 
expecting 18,000 Neapolitans to join them (who, by the way, never 
arrived). Tlie right of their intended defence rested on Mount St. 
Bernard, where the Duke de Montferrat commanded 10,000 Sardi- 
nians. The Duke de Chablais was in the centre, and Lieut.-General 
Colli m the lines of Saorgio on the left with 10,000 men, having 
Generals Strasoldo, Provera, and Argenteau to defend the Col de 



«^ *^^>». A A*ia 



' 238 W*B Oir THB ITAtlAS THOBTIER, [i.D. 

Feueslre. The whole arm]' whb under tlie oi-ders of the Duke 

The French government Imd not at thi9 time direcled iti >t- 
tention la Italiun canquestg, nnd vta Bntistied lo direct its ge- 
nenilB tii posaeBS themselves af all the deliuuches that led acroii 
the iquuntaiiiB into France, leaving to each CummandBr to iuteqirel 
the>e orders independently of one anutlipr. Accar>linj(lv (leneral 
Saurel tried nnd failed to take Motit Cenia on tho Stlh 'of Manh, 
which General Dumai obuined •!□ the Ifith of May, not with 
saaiQ loB-i of men and gnna. The great push Hu to be made a)^ 
the formidable harrier of the Saorjjici. Dumerbion, under wboBi 
Bonaparte was uon' serving lu General of artillery, had already ap- 
preciated hit abilities, and acting, it ia thought, by bia advice, it 
determined to make the attempt to turn the left of the lines of 
Soorgio, and al the anme time by occupying Fonluia. Ibe high road, 
to posaea! ihemaelve^ of the Col di Tende, in the rear of Colli'i re 
treat. Miiraena assembled for the altnck 20.01)0 men with Iwentjr 
guns at Mentone, on the 1st of April. He sent General Hair*) 
Kith 4600 men and tno gnns to attack Tuurcoio, atid Gencnl 
IdliRrpa with 9600 men and fonrteen guiia was directed to more 
Tanam. Dumerluon remained in )>uaiiioa iu front uf the liiii«, whil* 
General Muuret uiHrched along the coast on Onoglla, whieb, in n- 
venge fur gome piracies which bad dumw^ed the French cammem, 
noB sacked, and pushing forward, this General, after takhig MToal 
tawna iin Ifae aea-coast, nnited witli Liharpe at 1a Pieva. Haxcn 
thenn wenl baldly across the mountains, was in piiaseB£ioD at Om 
on tho 17ch, from which Arg'enteau rolired, and had he poahad 
la Ceva it is probable that plitce would have nisa fallen ; bnl tht 
French GenenU wunid not be drawn away from hia principal ot^ad, 
and had reasan to fear that Argentenu would he reinfurcitd, Ha 
return upon him. Gratified by lliia almost unexpected suuobu, 1 
naparta aolioitsd the cimmiswrfes M permit him tu return 
General Dumerbiou by way of Nii;e, und iry to induM the Gcnvnl- 
t in-Chief (a moke aserious attack on the front of tb» Sardinian liiMi, 
which was granted. In the mean nhile Dumerbion had aenl off t(M 



of Macquart arrived at Saorgio an the 3Bili, at tlie yn 
that Maaaena, wlio marched und-er the direction of C 
(an old sportaman who knew all the inouiitaiu paLhal, : 
in presence of the redoubt of tlic Col Ardente. 'I'll, 
showered shot and shell, gi»|ie, and even alones, ii|' 
leverlheless ancceeded, but with the Idbb •:\ 
OeneraU Serrurier and Miieiiuirt then aciaeked Cu! 
him right llirougll the Cot dl Tende. Ths Duke d'A 
hia Army m well as be could about Cera, where h* restad, u ll 
were, blockaded on all sides by tlie repuUicana. Thus lh« fmk- 
licans an this fmntier were masters of the principal choui «flta | 
Alp<, and it is believed tliat Boiaaparte recommended the J< 
— 1. -i^ anuiuaof Italy and the Alps for a descent upon ■" 



'*»■»*.] 



tSTEyxiON OF THE TGLEaRt.PB. 9 

1^ u ht lilmwir eflvcteil il two yeaii mttcr ; but Geoentl Odoim 
S>W received nrJen In send twty 10,000 men tu llie knnjr of tlia 
W)iiie uid did uiit thiiik hiinftelf ei|iial tu to lialJ an Mleia[il. 

27- Invwrros of tub TKLenft*Mi, 
^ In the miilit of the war, iinil for t!io purpnsea of Iha war. a new 
^Teniion, which we are now dieponed In regud aa a hHcLiiigur of 
<Mee, wai first made known to tlie world. The inventlun of the 
M«grapli was announced fay Barrira to the French CunTention on 
Hm I7tli of August lliia year. The new*, he said, of the reeBplara 
tl Llale, in the previmia year, had reaclieil Paris hy ineaus of this 
IW machine iu an hour afler the Iruope of ihe Republio had entered 
ft( place ; and the recapture of Coud<, on tlie SOtli of the last 
Boatll, WW reported to the Convnnliun with equal speed in the nnle 
BUnner. Tliere ii every reaun to believe, however, thai the prin- 
4lpla of the tel>'graph wan by nn incaiii a mudem iuveniion. It ii 
•van recorded that llie bumliig of Troy was made known in Gresoe 
very amn after it had happened, by some aurt of telegraph. The 
Uuquia of Worcester has reeuriled it in hii Century of Inventiuiu ; 
but A. Ainontona, in the hegiiining uf the oentury, not only made it 
known in the Journal dee Si vaiu, bat tried his mclliod publicly before 
•aTeral perauoH of the Academy of Seiencoa, anil it is recorded and 
AXplained by Fontenelle. Claude Chappe, a Freiiuli mecbaiiioian of 
tbia time, is however entitled to the credit of having introduced the 
telegraph into an useful gyalem : but, alas I inventors are rarely 
bappy or prosperous ; the uidiappy pnijecCur aaerificed hii life at the 
trly a|^ of fbrty-two, in consequence of some illiberal atlaclii made 
ipoil his invention, which threw liim inlu a profound melancholy, 
nd led him to commit suicide in 1B06. The inanaer of using the 
tdvgnpll at this drab essay was the following : Chappe, with the 
'riincs of hie brother, formed between Paria and Lisle, at dii- 

. fl of tliree or four leaguea apart, a line of stations, it each of 

whioh he constructed one of his michiues. At the hrat itatloo, 
whlcb was on the roof of the Louvre, M. Chappe atalioned himself 
■Dd reovived a despatch from the government, which waa delivered 
At Lisle in thiiteeu minutoe and forty seeonda. This being deemed 
aalisfiict'iry, tlie diBjiiitch was conveyed In like mauner announcing 
ttiaanrrenderof Gitiild, (hough a distance of about fifty Icagnes. Ai 
B moment when the two himiapheres are rejoicing in their union by 
inekDS (uunded on lliis inveiitiim, it is jnst and reanonable to record 
the name of the inrenlur, Chtude Cliappe, aud hia untimely end 
eansed by the illiberality of his ciintempurnriai. 

The event commimicated by the tolegrapli, the fall of CoDdf, cum- 
rieted the uutciion which hadfulUiwed tlie HttciiesBeB of Pichegm and 
Joordain, and the separation of the British sod Dutch array, under 
the Duke uf York, from the Austrian ai-my which hod been with It, 
under the supreme command of Field- UarshBl the Prince of CoUurg. 
The six weeks, which might have been better employed, perliaps, by 
llie allies, were productive of but one civenl,ii\uK\i.««a,Vi^Y\f>V^'°^ 
ead the militiry career lit the GonertiViaftiauj. W.B,^cKcAt«o.vKJii»* 



24UMii,iT;Litt uuAUtcrta or tub vtiifvt < "• 

ou liald ■! MMMlrioliltli* Ar*t itaynnf A'i|[niit,alHlrj< < 

of KtlRlMiil ■lilt ll'ilUnil vTm |iniiH>nl, (bul »f atilrli ii<< 

h*t» wrt tuon inililUhxI.) Ill* frinr; i^ili-r IIiiiIIiik >f« iuDum^- 

dUBlnWri'il or Inot, ur •liauiiirtoJ villi (tin l.til MitOKM liitu ht4 U. I 

t«id<Ml til* (uini|>ai|t<'t K*** '" '>'* rnlgiMlUin ot tit* (Miibiiiaiid lA llw 

allini KrniW 

3S. ItMiuntTioi inn MiLiTiHi rntatc/RR or tm UMsuLmit* I 
I'miica Of Conui'i. I 

Till* (Inwral WM ■ mdi-l nf llw Kotsn-lKn DumI llnuHi nf H»m- 
Coburit Haaint-ld, and horn in 17^7. "" -.miw-.u-^i lii-. .i.il.iar; 
Mnarintlw Hatoii Vtura' U',:i ' . : i ' ' .n^ia 

•MiiiMHida, whtoli K*>"'"1 '■"" '"" 

p«)«f pluMl Illtn M tha l>i>. ' ■■m- 

luiiallon wltll ihH llUMlkiii> << » m 

I7«-<M. Th*i«nnblna.lr"" '-•In 

•nain)>, i«|»id«]ff Ittnaa iiT riik~'hiiirr muiI MFitil»|<'>ii", •^■lu■■\, ilmtcd 
llw inlilMTT KliKnurttir iif Iho I'dixn 'rf ('•itnirK. In I7lf3 ill* Vrian 
Mauifwd iha ohlrf MMiimand nf iIik alllvd armlM ilmii,fi\ <n »m 
kgaliiM (1m yraiieh in tlm N'l^lixrJaii'Jd at ilwlr l»a>l li« Ktitml 
In tha MHM 7>«r tha batUaa iit Nctimliidan, Alilunli'ivnii, ud 
ramkn, and e»\iUirtii LutdrMn, Cuad<, ValciurianiiMi, aii>< Hwmuy. 
but wan n'lt •i\iitliy furliiuala imfom HaiiliMiia Mid iJiiiiblrk, aM 
IIm tiAlowiug vnar lila kinkI turUina alloaMlwr mllad hliii, and Iw «■* 
Imeml Ui railra liaFora tli* f*|mlilluiia, uiil to wtiuiHw tlio lapk- 
miun "t hla arniv and (li« rwaiiiiira iif all liia (Hniijuivta. Atttt 
ha Iia4 nal||ii«d lili inRnnminl lin nnviT mtiail ajia^ii, and It VH 

-' — -■ -• nriirlaa uf 1 ..... 

'"■ai'r iiiMiimuiHlBr In lliMr day, tnlKi 

il»Mr 



nor known lilin u a nilllui')' 'loniiriuii'liir In llinir day, to li 
li« alifl aiir*lvinl at tlin ajfu uf a«vfiily-«ij[>it, at tb* etuw u( 



111 IfllA. 

Aa a tQldlT Iha FrliMO uf CjAiarg wt» lirava ralliM' ll ... 
*i|[llBnl llian aiitlve | alwaya tull ul Imp*, liiil lomiwrlxinK fi 

Iliin mUir\itMng, lirdidMii awl ' - " - '" ' 

aavara blu», but iiiit r'lllnw i 



kI by altida ■R'nrla. )[a waa Ital •h*n Iw 

|. uL .,n , ■ 



b»d * ■okdjiilnr 

that mark* lil* ■arh' ami latM- uaroni' aa a •imiiiianilvr 
batn that Ilia llarj' mivAiruw liai'l blin (u liU wiirii ; Inii 
Bniprruf Mid IImi AuIIb I.'"iiiiui1 jiiwiirlbwd fur litin, l>- nn mia , 
AMtrian babila and l-M nil 111* natural wurty. ll may aiipaar a 
parailuR to >|huiIi v1 timidity In a brava aufdlali, but dIiIibt Iha I 
Unildltf nr liiN Indulmiiwurtlis Itiilm Kiwdarli'li lutt hini tba laiilauf I 
WaHlnntw t>«rura hair bla army bail nuinn Inlo aflUiiti. At T.iii 
ajid at Klaiirua itia aam« tliini luuurrHd | indaad, tt inui' b> ■ 
till* (iwian) thai tu> waa turAj, it nrt, nlbatuallj' MrwUKl i bal I 
llial b* iHniifiiiniiyiiav* lip Ilia baltla.Hald, Mid Hldimi ubulni-il uy 
J aftranlafn/runi vliilury. Iln fur tnrr loat ihamMnmil oTaMlMIH | 

■* Ik Warn iM'lly nofvu'l I'j Ilia oBluar»\n'Ju^\>K*\n»^^ !'«'»»*** 



179i.] Till FBENCH DBSIEOB TKBVBa. 24L 

lime, en tli&t he dii) not move hia triay Tor Ibe prolecLiim of Yproa 

and Cliarlerui until Ihe da; after those places hiA biith Huirenitersd. 

He aiDiered with |ierUDiioity to the inetliailical Bohoal of war aftbe 

tiins, makuij; elaliunite oumbiiuliona, cakalalvd to & hair's breadth, 

(o makv an attaak with many colmnns on the eoemy'a line. But 

tbia is aaarf]f a fault to be attributed In tbo Trince, lines it woa 

equally adopted hy thun nho pnrcadcd him m by those who suo- 

Eraded bim in ih^ command of the Imperia) armtes. It is, bowev^r, 

Ui this distlnguiiilied oonuiuinder U> elate, that althougb 

VB vere not aJl t\ity might have Imua, he never bronglit 

f army that liu eomtiianded into aiiy disaster whatever; which 

lid not be said of liis opponent Dumontieaj nor of his heuteuant 

Y Clairfait, nor of Fredscicli, uor of Nspoleon. He eertainly was nut 

i UiB leader qualilied to cuutend wiili the youug blood of the Repubtio, 

1 wbiish iufused a Iresheued actiuu into strategy aa well as into 

|ovcrnmeut. 

Churfait succeeded to the Prinee of Coburg's command on the 

I S8th of Aagiul, having under him Ganeral Beaulieu for chef-d'ftat- 

r. He found tbs Imperial arnij' extended with ile right on 

imoiide and Mae»lrichl, and hie left on the Ardennes. General 

Jonrdain'i army, opimsud to the AuHlriana, wna cantoned in quarters 

behind the Meuse, iguiolly adding to its numbers which bad now 

Bwelled to the omjrmuua aiiiuunt of 116,000 i^oinbatants, well pro- 

visiuued, and provided with an ampid supply of " aiunilious do guerre 

et de buuche." 

SO. WiB on TUB Geruin FaoKTiEH— Fkkncb bescbo* Tbeves. 

The Ciimmittee i^f Public Safety had, as we have seen, reinfurced 

their army of lbs Itliiiie from that of the Alpu; another ri-'iofurce- 

IDont had beeu also ordured tu the batiks of the Sarre from La 

Venddeg and thus in and about the VoaBcs, between the rivura 

Sarre and Rliino, a foro« uf 1U,0D0 men wna nnembled in the 

mouth uf June. The ailici, if they stll! merited tbe appellation, 

were timi posted : the Saxona at ZwelbrUcken ; the Prussians under 

Kalkreuth viere wutchjuji the Sarre ; Maellendorf covered Kiiiser- 

lautem ; the Prince of Rohenlohe-lngelllugen woa on the eastern 

alope of the mounlains cum mnni eating wiili the (wo divigiuna of 

Austrians under Wajtensleben and Bi^njowalii, in tbe valley uf the 

Rliino. General Miohaud cominaDdio)[ it uuw received orders tu 

chaae the Germaua out uf the Palatinate, and for the purpuse of 

devieiiiE the beat method of doing bo, he eumnioned a oouncii of war 

U> be held at Landau ua the 20th of Juno, The result of thia wai, 

that on the and uf July tlic army was put ui motion on both sides of 

the mouotainstowords the Sarre.* Kalkreuth waalobe attacked in tho 

oentre, at ICaiaerlauti^m ; Mueliendorf was to be driven from both 

sidfa of tlie summit ; General 6%. Cyr woh to obaerve the Prinue of 

Uoheuloho at tbe tout of the gorges and ravines; and Dasoix was 

to tall on Wartensleben between the cliausafo tnS^ne'Uu^^^ '«■■«> 

Deaiilx mai-elied on tho enemy in t\>IBE ccAikmi*. ^i'met^'^ »^]Mfc 

f /m-I oi-ilei'S III advance tu lija EroiU on SnAvwerngp^ciai ui 'fti&."s«**«' 



n» rOEXCtt BZHteOK tbetcb. 



cIm 



Ulli 



id *ilh Iwentf muMAfiut wtrw to < 
' ' ing of the I niMTiaiiMa, 
UMd tHWU uf iUattxtj, I 
iwnla wlxoil'rtiB Pmeh ««v«lr7 kiUekad by ilw I'm*-'" 
irnl d>» Coiirblai«,uid WartoDalabvn npcoiiiii otwn th«D * m 
of Krapc, tli«]' mrmUd In ilbnrdET, tliMr lotkBirj blu«lH 1 

back ujmn tliu BdvanM a|itlDM them of tbo bri)pK* * 

Prince iff Rm1«i on thdr l«fL Tlw I 



Tlirw iMi had klrMdy overlurncd tha kdvuiMd t>»u 
whon ■ jwnla wlxoil rtis Pmeh ««v«lr7 kiUekad by 



■tiMk I 




enlumn Ivd by (Iwieral B*yMM aftiriwl Uw piiat of Fi 
and drava back the rruanlait* tu Qirtiienhalni, bat (Iw 
of HolMRl'ih* nniK in tiM raactw with K(l«n aqiuidf 
laliuna of infantry, xnd twalira guiw, »iti aonn ubIiKad tba . ._ 
to fall bask aRiimg tba (inayarib of Vmagtrtim. Oanaiml Si 
' ' bcttar anocau, and Goneral AmbsTl, wbo oon ' ' 

III the loft, WM eualoitcd to fait back Into hia own pHlMi 
_ amart cMDoiudc In thia expedition the French liM MM 
■■d galntd nil aori of advuiuge. 

L-. — _ iiii^ fallura «** eummuDlcatad to Parle fmfc liMme- 
nt from Camot, to direci tbat ihc attack ahnulil be attt 
llfh and dominant region of the Vnafs*. ao lu to iaolilt 
i«* uf tlie ODSiny, «bo ware endoavnurint; lu aEl •• 
line* Mparxled by the mrmntab chain. On Ilm I3ih of Jaly 
Ueiwral Taponler wa* aoeordlngly idraaued npon TrliMtadi, tf^aM 
Oannrai Itnehel) and Qaneral Ronand allaokod »id ilnire bni 
OmKiral Kolknaih cm Landiihalil ; ou thU, Mocllmnlorf ordired UA 
ilitialuna engaited to fall bask on the Kayoerberg. On the I4A ef 
July tbo I'Utiberg, whUh i« tlio lilghwt fwlnC (it the rmxigr« tat 
atningly fortified by the PruHlana, »■■ atlaokcd by tho Itrinda 
of SIm^, Deagrarftoi, and SIbaad : Iba latter had aome diSkuTtT ia 
pMuaaing himaelf of the rlevailon called the Swiknpf, and tb« l[a» 
Mtberg wiw very galliDUy defnnded by Major Dorok. The Rcbcwfd 
ia one of iha bi|th<Mt polnla of the Voijiaa, and oonaldered tha Iff d 
the Froaalaa dlvliion. The rapublioana climbed Ibl* aawnhon whiab 
Ihay atomied tlio eaatia of Mudeobaeh, and than deaoending Inlo ■!■ 
valley ramo un aome Intratichnianla defended by three batJaJtnnaaf 
Pruilan mnadlara uniler Oeneral Pfnu, whleh Ihuy ■I'lnnrnt and 
corriad. Tha fringe of ltiihmk>he aent ap (teneraJ Si'hlailm wilk 
two batlellona, who arrirtid too late and ^uiW <>Ut of breath, Iml 
midaavoored lo tarn the tido, which had attainod iCa eliinai wittl 
the death of tha General, nhcn, after a inuritnTouit («iii«at. tha di- 
fiainn waa aini'jat doatroyed and only mableil to reuch Ni 

dlBi«aIiy,Bnd with ibo loaa of oiu* ganaand a great ' 

and wounded. 

Thin rorarie oxellod great cwinaienutlDn atnang (he allied tfuOM. 
The Prince uf Ilnlienlohe in tha plain oppowd reaolutely the anaefca 
of SL Cyr, but waa forced to retmat, iince he could obtain no awlil- 
ance from lite Aiutriana on hIa right, wlio In reply to all hl« aolteilk- 
/ tioim MUil Jiiui but a ■'iiikU re^menl. fit. Cjt found a 
Bpptmmt in tUo. vitlaini of CdceVrim, *■ »«!n«'V»m*«| - 
" '"..-■■ . .- „l«J it with four' ■" '■ 






179-t.] THE THESOH BESISOG TREVES, ! 

'^ faimself cliiLrgin^ at Ihe heaJ of the l&tter, and taking an en 
baltery bom thu General Laboiwijere, wbo defeuiied it, uid whu wu 
himself made (irisoiier. 

Desaix, who had been tiio demoiutnitivo on the former attaok, 
Bias content on this oacasion to occupy the attention of the Duke at 
Saxe-Teschcn by a cannonade, and by a succeufut repulao iif 
brigada of Kantczay from Fraimeraheim ; but ignorant of what 
palling on his left, be contented hinuelf with keeping the com 
aliva until du-kuesi ctoeed this glorinus nffair at nine o'clock. 

The Prince of Uolicnlahe retireil from Muahbach in the night, 
■nd thuB nncoTered the right of the Pruaaiana, who, finding tliem- 
•Blvea abandiined, croued the bridge at Manheim, leaving only 
" meral Kospath far the defeuce iif the Itln du pool: but, neverlhe- 

m, the PrumduiB still showed a |;ood front, and ndther DeBais 

F St. Cyr ventured V> push tlietn till the 16th, when Marahal 
Moellendoi'f saw the neceBsily uf retiring by a night march from the 
Kayaerbcrg, upon Kircbheim, and sent ordera to Count Kalkreath 
and Prince Hiihenlohe K> full bach on Wonns. and take up the 
poulion on the Rehback that they had held at the beginiilng uf the 
campaign. The I»sb la the alliee in these atTairs was put at 2400 
Pmasiana and SOl) Austriana. 

It was determined at Parie, in the general plan [hat had been dra 

the Moaelle aliciuld he strengthened in order to more as soon 
the I'rnBsiana shuulil be driven from the Palatinate. Tiiis army, n 
oonsistiug uf 34,000 men under General Mureaux (not Moreaii of 
greater celebrity), advauced ou the 7th of August against Treirea, 
-where six Prusaiaii baltniianB under General Blankeralein defended 
the approaoh. Theae ware aoou overcome, and on tlie !)th, after a 
slight resistanoe. General Ambert carried tlie bridge of Waaser- 
bilich and entered the city. The Prussiana laal a faw men, but 
carried olf a detachment of French emigraula with them, which 
gave a pretext to the republicans to raise a heavy contribution, jnsti- 
Sed on the acore of the French money which theae unfortunate exiles 
hud spent in the town. 

In order to make the required diversion npon Treves, Moreanx 
had been under the necessity of withdrawing noiisiderable tuTses out 
of the VoBgea, and Moelleiidorf determined on an attack upon 
Lantern in tlieir absence. The Austrian General Beiijowski was 
brought BcroBs the Rhine at Wonna, Ii> enable the ProaBinna lo 
carry their whale foroe into the ntountains. A strong advanced 
guard under General Vuss pushed to the Scliorleiiberg an the 17th 
of September, and Bluclier follawed after him in two euluinns 
Dpon Leiningeu and Leyatadt. Tlie French were Burpriaed in the 
middle <ti the night and diiven acrofla the anrnmit upon Alsenbarn, 
Michaud and Deaaix bravely ralUod their farces on the ISth, to 
repel the attack upon a position that eitanded from Landsthulil to 
Spire. The Prince of Hohenlahe marclied to turn the leCt hi 
Mofloia-ei/or, and forced bock the dlviiuuiA Vin■Jl^\tT,■»^^n, ■«■*««*- 
arlillBFy, kept up a deadly comliat -with, auuii amna ija'C'&X.a W™J 



■ pnliitnn iif IvMilf iH)WUlmna iiHi*ln( (ifi )iU rM 

wHtiiln hrtKJwl* M >*n»lh«n M»\ >l*f*n<li-<t UMlMhwIrfi 1mH| 
(rf i-<«r. ,,.,;,„< ....,( ,\,- M.|.„l..; I.. .1.,. Htl.r.l ..rf4l| 



<\ii tai^iNl K. Urn' t'rii"' 



Miraliitl (liMrhil mm •Urmnl M Hi* ■(■p«rir)nn i>f Dk x 



110^1 U)l 111* 






•mui-'i WAMH) M 







«l>lol. .. 


■■ ■"■''"■ -''"■'' '"""— •»- 







1794.] WSLLTKOTOir FIBST TTlTDrS FIBE. 245 

ao placci] u to nuke it • necHsu-y pl¥liininu7 to •ibuiniug p4i«ei- 
non of [he island of Cadatnd, u|«nt«] from tht mkin by a dyke nol 
very deep, bul tno wide (o bridge. Here WM ■ Duteh corps stronglj 
intrenched to defend the itiind, but the republicuu uoder Gonenl 
Laurent, partly fording and |iul1y nimniine. git fuoiing no the 
ieliind on tlie 9Sth, in face of b gilbnC defenec. aud (ooli niD* 
hnnilred priaonera and ninthly gaia, aud immediately aumnnmed the 
fr>rtre« of Sluya. General VaadenJurm replied lacunically," Je me 
defeudrai," and die ueg;e wu furthwiih commenced. 1( required til 
the firmnem of the ciiil commifsu-ies to keep the republi(«n lo]' 
diera to their work amidst pouring min, deep inandaliona, nnirenal 
aickueea and a, eniarl defence ; but on the 3&th of August L'Eciusa 
•urrendered, and the divirinn of Geueral Uorean, which had greatly 
diatinguished theniselvea in the Mlai:k, tetunied to join the army of 
General Pichegrn. 

31. Float II BoxTU.. — Wsi-uiiaTOM riur undrk fikic. 

Ceaeral Pieliegm pnt his troops in motion on the 4th of Sep- 
tember, bat not deeming himnetf enHicienlly well informed of hii 
enemy's p»niion, he determinnd to fi^el lii* way cirenmspectly. 
On the 9th be drove in the Dulch nul[>oBU at Helvoal. and made 
demonstniCionB M(unst the whiile line uf the combined armiea. In 
the Bfcerniinn of the 14lh he nCtiiclied and carried the post of 
Boxlel. defended by General During with two Hessian hattalinn* 
in k Strang position behind the Dommel, over which they had de- 
stroyed all the bridges. The republicans, hiiwevor, o*erc»me every 
ohslacle; some awam. and some on h^drdn crossed tile river^ ex- 
posed to a murderous fire of grape and musketry. A body of 
cavalry succeeded in finding a ford, and came up rapidly from 
St. Michel-GBStel, on the flank uf the Hessians, who finding them- 
selves turned, endeavoured to retreat, but a colonel and 300 men were 
farced tn surrender, with two pieces of artillery. The Duke of York, 
on hearing of this repulse, ordered General Abercnimbie to more 
forward in tlie night with the army of the reserve, consiatiug of the 
brigade of guards, the ISth, 33rd. 42nd, and 44th regimenla, and 
some Bciuadraiis of cavalry, together widi a brigade uf guna; bnt 
General Hanuneratein, who commanded the whole of the advanced 
posts, had already judged it neoetwary to withdniw them, after Iha 
affair i>t the previous day, and accord ingly when A bereromliio reached 
the vicinity "t Boxti^l, he found liimsolf, an soon as d:iy broke, in the 
midst of a French j^rrison and half a league from the village: he 
immediately showed fight with a view of getting avray, for having 
only had orderato reconnoitre the enemy, he did not think it prudent 
to compromiRo his divisiiiu against numbers, but immedintely put 
them in motion, leaving lu General Burrard to cover bis retreat un 
Midero. 

The night attack on Biixtel has an interest to the British which 
. requires a more detailed nutico. Our illualrioua We'iTO.^Jssn. «*». >sb. S. 
that occasron first enguged vrCn t^o euem^. Tsvb finite ■»»» *«^ N 
Xieutenaot-Colonel Wesley, c^.mmiui&mg ftva ^t*- xb^iobs*- ^' 



I 




! 



24G TBS jlcbtbuks cboss tbb KHiirs. {ui. 

deuing the vil]iig« nf Solijmdel, iii th« grty oT tW nwrning, lb* 
■nnanted pickets uf llip cDeniy were tint diwoTHrod. Tb* Bncliik 
dnigooos immediilely odvnuced to 4iive ibein in, nipiuu'tod b* lb* 
brijmda of guards with tlie 3Srd anil tilh. As tbrae botdU id- 
mteeA, > foriDidiible Gi« of aililivry (which hkd \.-m muked k? 
ft fir wiKid) opeoed upun them, >vhiG}L hetn^-eni xUn prvnac* m 
■ numeruua force; tlie tnwpg wnre •omnliDgljr ordciml to ' ~ 
buk. Ill tlie retreat the onrklry got moUbiid in a lane «'' 
of the hoQSEhold biitlaltnns, and the re|iuhliciiiia ntnarvlng i 

(nrward * repiueni of huuars. PeraeiviDK the disa^del^ 

Weale; deployed tlie 3Srd into lin« on the pUin, immadbMf 
ftnnt of the honaeliold Iroopt. Opeuing hU centre fOea, )m " 
■nitted the bniken troops to pnw through, ond then n-fij 
■A^led the Frenoh atluk. The 3!lrd merriug its fin. 
Mood until the enemy nppiiHched, nnd tlien delivered a dn* 
nearohing vuUey tlial told with iDunlerous effect un t)w i 
TWika uf the republicans, who fi-ll back in canftiaion, and tile 
Mtml of the Ea|cUi>h wan eSected witliout auy miileMation. uk 
Ae game day the Dnke of York t»ri; ordrrs to break Up the CUf 
and retire behind the Meuse. Vhv |riinB and heavy hagpig* ««n 
directed to move un 6rau, where ihey jHuaed the rifor oa bridp* 
already oonatrucled there ; the reserve and liffhl eavalTT protnMd 
the retreat, nliich waa aucccBsfitllj' ^HVcted wiUiDut any interrapdaa 
from the republicans, and the Dukf of York placed his lii«d-i)uart<n 
in the midst of the English troops at Wiebem ; the Kesuaoa being 
posted at NvBlervick, opjtoBile Ravenstein, to kevp up th* eoat- 
nmuication with the Prince of Orange, PiolH-gni ww vrheoaitll 
accoeed uf Lreasnn, in thus perniiaitiji the Knjtiish ami* lo tacapt 
without molBSlation, but the country about tlie Dommel. the Aa, aM 
ths Meuse is su difiicuit, that the Frenvli eolumu* K"t bew■^tH■l 
amongst ihe dikes and inundatiotiB, and it was ndy on tho IStli 
thty eould come up and encamp bcbiud the Aa at l>iDter. 

32. Battle of tub Roeb— Acstkiinb cross tuk Ibuaa. 
Marshal Gairfait had caotnned ihe Imperial army betwwaN 
reniiiDdc and Sprimonl, leaving General Kray mi the othar •' * 
the Aleuse, covering the fortilied place of Maeetrirhl; Latow 
maoded the left wing, which reetod on the Ourtha and Ay 
General Wemeck, on the other flank, occupied StDcknm and Sil 
on either side «f the river; and the ceuire was in a 
La CharlreuBO, on the RnliermonC opposite Liege. At 
. General Scherer had retaken tliv fortresses, lie waa ordera 
jwn Jourdain'e army, and on the 1 4th of September brougbi 
men to Hny, where he tmiied himself with Ihe divisions of Mi 
Ilacquin, and Mayer i and tho French army now resMd witn at 
loft under Klcber. near Maestriclit. observing Uio ntryot of Krtjrt 
the centra at Tongrea, with Lffebro nn the M«u» at Katastv, and 
the right, under Soberer, with forty-eight baltalioiw alu) Iwvntr 
•qnadrnna, now at once taraased thn tlurihe, aud «at down on dM Ml 
"- kof tbo Ayvaille. The Fn-ucti CeDsral-iD-Chlef ttMnadhMlr 




1794.] THE AXTSTBIANS CBOSS THE EHINE. 247 

reconnoitred the Austrian position , which he found rested on some 
scarped heights above the Ayvaille, garnished with a formidable 
artillery, and defended by some twelve battalions and a reserve of 
7000 or 8000 foot and 3000 horse at Sprimont, while another brigade 
on their right observed the passages of the Lower Ourthe. 

On the 18th of September, at daybreak, the French advanced in 
five columns, led by Scherer, crossed the Ayvaille at Esneux, and 
attacked the defiles of Halleux and Sougnez, while at the same time 
the rest of the army threatened the centre and right of the Aus- 
trian position on the opposite bank of the Meuse, over which river 
Legrand crossed and moved up to Clermont. The intention was to 
crush the left of the Imperial army under Latour, at Sprimont, 
while Kleber made strong demonstrations against Werneck on the 
right, near Stockem, and pushed Kray under the cannon of Maes- 
tricht. Nothing could better advance the designs of Jourdain than 
the readiness of Clairfait to strengthen these distunt posts by sending 
them reinforcements, as it left the Austrian left, under Latour, at 
his mercy. General Marceau accordingly marched on Halleux and 
crossed the Ourthe, despite of General Otto, and General Lilien 
gave way before the division of Mayer, at the village of Ayvaille. 
Latour, instead of falling on the heads of the columns as they passed 
the Ourthe, allowed Marceau and Mayer to form and deploy upon 
the plateau of Sprimont, when these troops immediately dashed 
forward to attack his front ; while Genei*al Hacquin, who had with 
difficulty got up to Sougnez, now appeared on the left flank of the 
Imperialists. General Bonnet, who had crossed at Esneux, was also 
at this time threatening their right. These attacks, all well com- 
bined, obliged the Austrian General to beat a retreat after four 
hours' sharp fighting. Scherer, immediately he perceived his enemy 
giving way, instead of pursuing, inclined his march to the left 
towards the junction of the Ourthe and the Vesder, in order to drive 
the retiring columns on Verviers, and cut them off from rallying 
round the camp on Robermont. The Austrians lost 1200 or 1500 
men in this engagement, together with thii*ty-six gnns. Marshal 
Clairfait, as soon as he learned that Latour was falling back, ordered 
the evacuation of the camp at La Chartreuse on Robermont. 
Legrand met the troops in their retreat at Clermont on the 20th, 
and supported by Hatry and Championnet, attacked them on the 
march, and the whole Austrian army retired on Gulpen and Aix- 
la-Chapelle, and took up a position behind the Worm, with the left 
on Cornells- Munster and the right on Rolduc. 

Jourdain instantly sent his forces in pursuit; Scherer with the 
right wing advanced by Verviers and Limburg on Cornelis-Munster. 
The French centre moved on Aix-la-Chapelle, which it entered on 
the 22nd, and their right under Lefebre on Rolduc, when the 
Austrians relinquished the position they had assumed, and took 
up another behind the Roer from Ruremonde to Dueren, having 
its centre at Aldenhoven, near to the fortified place of Juliers. 
This position was partially intrenched, but was naturally strong to 
those who possessed the commanding right bank of the river, and 



24H Tni AraTitiAKS onosH Tiin uiimi!. [jLif^ 

IliK rtrar, IhnuRli nnl limnil, w*> rnpl<l and lint ||an*rallt' ftirdttlile, 
CaniDl h>d Ulr«D(«i] t1i>i(Iri>i>riil->ii rlii"r l-- >il -i'-yu WS-.n- Miu>- 
tridit, iMnl iinawUk* Hip ■li'iic ■": ■!■■ :" > I :.. .,i'iun 



had drlrt-n tl 

Mtcmpt thla, nnd In ooiinrquimi'i' . . .'- i , . ■'■ 

»nii* 111 (■rdt* W foMn th» ponillijii "I (![■ Li..:, 11. L>r i.. 
hia 'aroH i>u tlia bHiih nripoallo li> ilini »(<iiiijiii'il I);' iti.- v 
divldwl hi* trmy Into four Eor|i*, lliM nu (be ri||hi, >ii> 
8Dli«r*r, oppolw Dubkii ; Ihal nf Ktelirr on Ih* IrFi m 1 1 

LfFoliru (in tliB 1>n aniilrcwM At t.limfuli, anil Jiiurrlniti i 

tlia nniral ooiuiiiaiirl wlili tlm ilWIilona or tUtry, Mn>i>ii, i 
lilniinBt. and tha cavalry iindfr ClnTiiiral Dulmiii, iivar AJiIoiili 
haoh Gaiinnl waa itimottnl til aot fur ll<iii*i>ir, ami lu pay n 
Innlloii to wlial iniglit ImpprQ to tlio oUipt iliililoiw rlwhi n 

On ihe Snd of Ociflbrr, M <!*•• In Uia marnltiB, rli. 
tninn* wtm nnl In inavniisiii iii atnu Dulumna iif l>ri^:i i 
f'ij[ dnliyad Ina adraiim linwevflr till Inn a'diiok, nln'n '< 
mannuvrail wUb all tlie i>rHil>l(in nf a Hald da; iii it 
ngalnat tli* •noni}'. Hacijulii, anmiiiamllni the bmi : 
Se1i*r*r*a onqia, onwcd lb* llori* near WIndan, >ni) » 
iiMk«KaDDaidaral>l* vlrmiU inoulHank llie Auatrlan 1> n 



wlian h« found that Omand I .< 1 1 
baturln at DiMTMi, and haaUii 
flv* o'alook whan thw* thrro >Il> < 

Sdtarvr'avuriii.witabUahMltliinnM.lx'x ».■:.■ 

bnurhiHHl iif llii>in<ii, rKilwtlhaiandinie all rl 

whahad>lKtyi;unaalll1lii)K>iili)aii. Th"r" il.. : . ..' 

puundad hy thu niinmy'a Rrapc. hut uiii>l>ir' r . 

tha aiiagtn of l)ai<i)uin'a movpnitint. iIid> ii>ii"l ••..• in-, -im | 

wnndarlul cnnalaiioy until ahoni HiTitn ••'•'I.>uk, wlmii u k.iittili 
hU dlvialan liavliig muhod Ulnafrli, cniiiplvtal^ in rvar at l.aimir'* 
lofi (Uiih, had tli« nfrest nf rnTolnii ihu Auairiim divlalim tu witb- | 



whlah»mil.l litkv.. I....N .|. 

IWD wiuadnina nF cliit"<'iir> ihl'I. . i i 
dfredtoinnllMlnhlalefl t>iHi".l, . 

hut not bilni abls tu find ani'. I 

Llnnloh, driilngiha Auatrlaimuii.!. I u. .. 

Ilad mit iinlv ilmtrnynd lli* hrlilui- i>v<<i' i)>.i iimi' m (.umini, nui tarn I 

•nira lo Iha town, ohlnb It twili Lliu mIi.iJu nijilit lu fmm ilir«i4t«|^ 



tt LefBbra'v tro'ips itldDotftetMrimtlio river till tlie neit miiniing, 
Elcber, wilJi Iwn divlslunn undor Goneral* Bi>iiiB[lo(te ui<! Ney, found 
llnwelf «it|H»cd tu a, murderous fire in liiii enHesvour C« get aomui 
o Itetham, bat nt Imisth >ueaoe<l(il in etmbliahiag k bMicr;, whieh 
Md upon th* Anttrlan bMtcrl** op[)<i>lt«, Mid In Iha end tilunosd 
;lh*ni ; but all die vndeiivaunarihiiiOenenkl to MUbll^i k bridgv failed; 
Moanr<l'n|{ly> '■< tl>"lr Impatient afilour, ihv re]iulilii!an anldlera tliraw 
itfivniaflTM liitK 111" ■tr*am, awam aoroait, and fell at llie iinint of iha 
fcayimet ujioii ibii liitranehin»Titit with anvil ener^tj tlmt Uiey cnrried, 
' 'airly dnivn ilia AuKtrian* r>iil of iIkiii. OFnenl Clairfhlt, 
nwi in tliH iu'iirvvnin);; wmid iif Himljiiabi whitsh |irevent«d his 
AtDiiinj aomc aHkiattinm fn>in tiia mntra, and DndlnR IiIb left wing to 
hkve been turned, rei-ilved i>n abandnulng the poriuon ■» well ■■ the 
Vnmn pUoa of JuDen, and at "nee to re|iWH the Rhine with hie 
«4inle anny. The Iohb of the French in thli aneatceinnnt wan put 
n inUO man, and that of the impcriallaM at WKKI hon de iamhu. 

The nl((liC (hut rollowiid the batttii wnn iiaamid in tntiiiiiillity, and 
Ondnr tlin iibanirity aX a thlok fiijt, iievertlieieM betli tiiili;H wcro 
♦tirriiig ill (iii> wirly mom j the Frincli were huHy in ci"ii8i.rm:i.iii|{ 
fcriilfpn aciiiM til" liexr, anil the AiMtriaiiH in deftlini tu iIib rt'ar. 
A* auun aa the Geni-nil -in-Chief wu inslraoted at to the itinvuiiignti 
If th* enemy, he ordered Lefebre nnd Ouboii with all tli« cavalry 
^ Mlow them, and preu them m much ne poenible on their line of 
(Ml en CnloBne. In the eourae uf che 3ril the Utter eatne up 
ih th« enemy, and got amcniiiet their baggage, but the AuMrian 
■niry adranoed to Im reiicuu, and liad anrerai Beriuus offnlra in the 

nt of the day. tiie leauiia uf wliloli were very mueh balanood. 

apiennel and D*mad»tu>'a divlniuTi* alito iireuad nn In jiiirault, 
rathe ImperlniiaM aoriiu thu Krin, and on the Bth nrmmtiie 
IN at Muihcim >nd Cnlngne. The French entered ihe latter 
an Uie 6th. mid on the SOth tha left banlu of the Rhiiie a> fat 

in were eceupied by the rvpubllcDn army. 

• Kl«b«r wu ordered to return and undertake Immodiateiy the 
rim of MnDBtncht. By the 2Srd the eneniuna of the repreaon- 
ka*M of the people had gut together !)00 gun*, and the Are from Ibeee 
wit weh havoa uf tha town *nd worka, that th* Prince Predericlt 
t Ummi. In eoinmaiid, aaelng no proopact nf aucoour, aurrendered 
pen (uma with a oarriann nf BtMKI men. Mayaiioa and Luxembarg 
•w alene remained In the aliie* on tlie len bHnli of the Rhine, fo- 
laroaau drovu Ihe Auotriana out uf C»blenti nn the '.2aili, an 
felKHtdy oonnnunicDied with tlie Frvnoh divlaiou of (Jeneni] Miirnaus 



[S3. Tilt UuKK or YoKK e 



BOHMKI,, 



K MkUK — CuMIIJll 



Wmiat theae IhingK were in prngroae, PinheBro *Uh the anny of 
- NoMli tn'caled tleraogenbowih or Boia-le-Ituo, on the :i3rd ot 
- ibor. Thi> pirwe wai exceedingly well t.irtined in iteoir, i 
~'-' by worliB of onnaldombk atroiigth, wliila Ilia wli 
, at pluuura be Inundated, eo aa to mftlie II on* v 



250 COMBAT AT BOUUEL. [a.S. 

iaUnd. The French leameil ihal (he turt cl'OrUai, on tlio line 
ttrson the li)wn tmil fiirt Crevecteiir, wns only oevupied \iy a corpon] 
and fim Diva, who tmre employed io dismantling it, ptiot to iCi 
iijt«aded abiuidoanieDt; the^ at ynce Htamied aiid took j^ii a a m giii 
of it. Thia post not mly expoHeil the town, but dut iiIT tlix mm 
muuioation by mad belwseii Bois-le-Uuc and Cnvouiour, aituaMd m 
the ounfluenc« of the Kleuao and Waiil, oppoute llitt Mf wt Uummd. 
The poiuwBsioii of this place was deemed iif grant iniportiiDm, h 
eommanded the key of the iiiundalionH,Hiiiah, aa has hMn Hild.lMMly 
sucniuniled it, excepting un ana dike tu the east, to t)ie lop nf wMca 
the walera did nnt reach. Ueneral Deliiiaa, wlio commnadod a onr]~ 
nf 10.000 men id observation on thin wde, moved along tliia dika m 
BDddenly opeaed hie field artillery, and aentforwnrd auravmHalEMM 
to the ijlacia oF (lie fiirt, whiah cauHed such alann that the Oovami 
Thoel disiiraee fully surrendered Creveumur un the 29tli with a pr- 
riaiin of 600 men. The same day the French also |ci>t |>o«avnia( ' 
tll« fori St. Aiidrti on the isle uf BDUimel, with a Goinimny of grt 
Hen. At this seas.ai the watem were nnturally eo much uul n. 
the rounlry, that the pusaesBiun of the sluiceB WOH not f»uud of M 
much advaniaite ns was expected, and thu Fi'ench enginecn v«m 
amurdlngly much retrained in the fnrtllor operatiimB of Ihcaic^ by 
the diffiuDlty of finding palcheB of dry land above them on whwk U 
estnblish batteries. The works were.nererlheleu.pushedrorwMdwtt 
great activity ; on the 2Btli two balleriea, one of 8-poundure and OM 
of mortars, opened againet the town ; un the following day Ihrwusc* 
batteries were ready, and the tire was so well dirmlvd, that not oojy 
w«re many lives loHt, but many pisces disiuantleil upnn tlip mmpan*. 
On the biU of October the Uutalt garrison made a suriio. which was 
eneountorcd by their nwu counirynian, Gencntl Daondcls, in « 
mnnd of the enemy's troops, uid after a stubborn eonl<st, la 
«hiah a French eiiginsflr ■iSiccr was killed, ended with inflicting 
abaat an equal loss on both sides. The several altachi of tils beaiann 
progressed, logBtbor, but the Governor, tlie Prlno» of UcwM, lAU* 
his j{arrison was still stert aud active, having an e8|iMial Grar of 
shelli, shut hiniSBlf up in a uasemate which he had uverhiid w]tb 
dung, denuuided teiius, and surrendered tlie place ou the lOth of 
Octiilier. 

But the nperatioiia of the nrm^ of the Swnbce and Mouae altvadj 
began to tell nn the Duke of Vork'i proo«odinga. Uucaay at «hu 
wastbereooDurring, hia Royal High neai could make no singl* aAbrl 
to disquiet the beiiegei-s, and aa aonii as he learned of the rMnr' 
of the Imperinlists nomss the Rhine, he retarded his own pudtfa 
behind the Meuae uo longer teuable ; for Miirean had already m 
vanoed his division aerues the river nnd invested Venluo, His Royal 
HighnoB indeed lud sent Couut Walmoden and Oeiicral Ab«^ 
orambio with a eonsidvnble corps for the purpose uf giving stnngtb 
to the right flank of the Inipennl army, but he now witlidrew tii«n 
to Qenuep in all hMto, and gave nrders to his whiile annv to wtili- 
iJnw bfliiud the Waal, plaefnK hia bead-qtuulrrH at NinwiuML 
~ the 4tli of Oclohor ho also called in all his outpuals PXwptlBs tin 



t, whiflh be lort w 



So» lie Ganil wen 
> 23 rd uf Uctiibra 
liikt. of York's 



V eiidBirgered the 



1794.] 

S7tl> re^imi 
Hulat, Akc 
Wichnud n 

itli Gnv?, wliich hiid 
iviMOLn'ii.iiii.i tliK I'niu'i' ijf Orango kM cnnieM ruprfauiilnligin 
bin Itujul lli)^1iue9b tu ipqueat Iiim lo dvlny-in hU retn 
fipdar thnl ho iiiii;ht |>ut Qrave d I'abri at being Ukeii > 
trM nimtaatu. Acoardingly Walmodeu and Abercrombls wen 
kkllod M Cntnerburg, ruid di-ili^ tn take u)i tlieir jtroiiud U\ 
tha Ittl of tb« army bHtweuii Uia Mduhh *(ii1 Uli<i>e lielwasn 
Gamiop and Riiiinurich. Tlie Ili.niniitler-Wiinrt uu the rijj-hc wm 

eotil iindtir tha ciunirtmiid of UuiierHl llnnaleiii, whn iiy tbo liieana at 
itaxa'* bH)|[Mda of Eii^linh, wljii jniiivd tbna fruiii ibe iilnnd 
Bf Zealand, hiul furtDiintoiy agHin got puut'Hlou of the fort St. 
Aniii. 

Evan while tlie B[oge of BniB-le-Duc continued Pichcifru Imd aent 
ican'i divUiun lu inveai lirovv, but for thiapurptueit waanNie*- 
thal ha ahould cruui tho Moune ; he aocordiiigl^ aelected a a|ii)l 
r tha fonreaa, and Mixing tho ndvonUigo of the long nighta and 
thick iuga of the leaann, ho elleatl)> oDcnpied biniaelf in fonuing 
'Sridgea, an that nii the ISbh— lotb he carried his maia uiuy aoTDH 
»...._ ^j Teffelen, on bridges oonatructed of Bntcii buata Mid 



•ad had aaUbllslied hia army in an Intrenched eamp befare fiioM- 
'lero he was resolved to atop tho further advRuca of the 
roai the Waoil; but liia Rnya,] Hiahiieaa nccupied a tar iod 
poaitlon, llnving i(a right un llie Wn&l at Uniyten and 
«■•, and the left nn the Meuae at Appaltem. Aa Biiiin aa tha 
ItUla found the French in miition, ]ja ordered LiantHnant-Gvuvral 
from hia left to take the ooninuid of llii' trunjM in tho 
lia riglit. This GeuerKl arritod M bin post 
. as the Fronuli ware advnnciDS on fort St. Andr£, und in the 
ittaok ot tlint fortrosa waa slightly wounded in tlie nrm. Here 
b« took the ciimninnd of the brlgiide of guarda under Lake, (who 
Tiol,) uf an EJigliBh biisnde under Lord Caihcart, 
ttiliona of Bi'itiali and Hosaluna who wore in gar- 
jnann at Ikimiiiiil, (larenni, and fort St. Andrd. 

With ■ holdnesa very nearly approaehina lo raabnasa PiGhe)[ru 
MlY»d tu dull hit army betwoeii Abureninnite and Hammerateln'a 
*Wuaa. He had obwrreil that the iDlrrnobnienia here thrown up 
W tha anainy liad carefully taken advantage of nvai^ dike and of the 
lUkl of Oude- Watering lo enverthvin with works, while every bridge 
ading aorosa farmed a labyrintli uot easily uireaded,) had not 
Dope auffleUnt for auch an eiaborMe syitem ot dofenee, while tha 
ma natiuwl obatnclca thU were intended for dsfanco provsnled 
17 danger aeeming fVom any atuw;k from the British trmipa ata- 
ned In tlin Dammiilnr-Waju't 1 tbcsa wore, howevor, lo be watched 
OnaKl Uelnma, with one divUiun, wbilu Suuham and Bunnaud 



2S2 oouniiT XT bohubl. [aj>. 

wsN to upprimoh TufrBlcn to nxociiia tha Intondad npcnidan. Al 
dkj'liroHti III) tllo Ijlili nf Ootolior Gniinnil i^niiliKm miIvmimj M 
nttnck Oadn-WftWrlnn tii Tiiiir Diiliimna at Hboiit 300(1 man ciieh ; MM 
kdvftndnit >luii|t th* iMnkn nf lh« Mhii 
of tlio WmI, whil« th« two flxntra Doluiiin 
nf th« briiIgM w-nni tlie (u>nal. The ollieil Itchiiib ■linwnl mtgy 
di*[)Oiiltina ti> defttiid tlinm, but kfirr ariuio diaoliMrf^ fnun lu 
battoiin, ih> rapuhDoana ruihwl Into tlic wawr up lu thoir innpla 
pnitvoted by a liwvjr fli<o nf muakatry Aum th« bank, knH wllb M 
kir of buldiisM thiit Hire* tlio doramlerB into onnniilan ■ "'-'^ "*" 
inddan B|ip«ritlan of tho flth mglmDDi nf FmiipIi "<- 
Fheval " on tha top nf tha dilia «nmp1alcil the viiul, rii>1 ' 
bMk In hkitv, only ]u*l nvtiii tbietr urtlllvry. Tli<' < ' 
ing ftlung llie b*nk of 111* wmI tn AITerdHii, by tlii-' < 
tlie left wlnK of Die S7lli Bngluli rtuimanl M Vv} 
KiiK, whn ttimniiiiiltd nt tlii* pittt, imitKtliatuly 



Ntire kIiihk the einbitiikniinit of the rtver, but in tli>-ir tii.ii'i*)i ilfi 

EBtmitted « detniihiTiHit of the Fraiioh huiMire, (whom the}' miitoiJi 
y K Teiemhlance of uniform for n Qerman regiment called ih* 
buunn of Rolun,) tn earn* upon tliem whero ilioy had nti <fUi 
to fcirm, kv which raeiina the Mitlre regiment, wlib tha exeepllM 
nf Mnjor Haps, who cnmmandnd, aiid one other uffioer with abottl 
olshty man, were out to nieoas; and ana colour and anrae fleU 
artlllnry fell Into tha Hnemy'i hftnda. Qineml Fox wu himaeltal 
one nxnnenl oa|)tured by t, Vt-»ii«\i hnaxKr, but ho oimtrlrad H 
diMmbnmuw hlmaolf if hi« onnmy, aud by dint nf n itmiii Iuim 
Hoaped. Tile vini^nuit li-ginii "de la Chltre," pinti'd «t NyMai^ 
violi, H^tli the SAth Brilieli roglment, wen.' *1*i> drlvi-n bank M 
lh« ilike of Api<ell«rn, with tlie lota of 900 men, Upon tkii 
Ofliieral Ilainmrrelotn withdrsw hii divlilon within th'' intreiwbel 
oamp al Nlmeguen, where he Joined Hrneral Wnlninlen, who Mu 
tBtablinlied thore with twonty batiHlinn* uf llrittah and Uanavariaiw, 
while Piohaftru IniniedUtely eat dnwu In tbrm tha alrga nf Gva*% 
In hli rronl, and the Uuko nf Vurk on the Slat withdraw hia Iiwd- 
quart'^nito Arnhclra, nn th« ttliliie,and nut Iheroal uf hia lima 
Into .-i>nt.>i>iT>eoi brtwtm the Lveh and the Waal, a llMaian d^ 
tBrhmi-ul hi-iii|^ alone left In th« Bommoler-Wiuirt, and Ilnndae^ 



irinilt-nfCoviili')' at Tiei, In keep up a ooniinunloaiioD <«lth tliMa 
anil with ill" l>uhi1i army at Qureum, on the rl|;bt. Ttio lolt winf^ 
which waa now under tha command oF llai'nourt, hail nunhed Air- 
ward eome dragnana acroia the Rhino ai Kinmerioh, to ki-vp ap the 
oommanlcatlan with the AualHnn General Kerpan, bni tlicy i>eiw 
now withdrawn lo I)i»menburfl. 

On the Bind the Uuko of Vurk had a oenforenoe wiili the Im- 
perhtlial Commandar I'lairhit. at NiinnRunn, who conaoittrj to Mud 
a earpn of AuMrlan* lo atronBlhon tlie left flank of Ihu i>11l>->l aniiyi 
and on iheSAIh llia Ktulthuiaprwwlha Huke at Amiitini, »ii'ti il aae 
affraed batweon ihvni that the Uuteh trtHipa aliould bn witlidiwwD 
hrom the oamp ul Ninii^giien, and lliuy want in cunaaiiui'iietf marckail 
^^ftlf to oeonpy tlio ton of Qrebb, on the right bank of tlie Leoh) 



1794.] siEeE pp TXVLOO astd KiMiourar. 258 

where the sluices were established, that thej mif^ht be enabled if 
necessary to cover the province of Utrecht wiUi an inimdatioii. 

On the 27th the republicans still further advanced towards Tie), 
and threw some shells into it ; and on the 2Sth they brooght forward 
some of their outposts towards the camp at Nimeguen, which re- 
sulted in some skirmishing with the garrison, but on tlie 27th Piche- 
fpcu. made a combined attack both on fort St. Andr^ and Nimeguen. 
He found, however, a warm reception from Uie goo-boats that 
Abercrombie had brought forward for the protection of the forroer, 
and although the enemy eventually succeeded in driving in the 
outposts of the camp near the fortress, the British cavalry had an 
opportunity of charging them, and having unsaddled about thirty of 
them, drove them away. 

34. Siege and Capture of Venloo aud Niveouev. 

It has been already mentioned that General Moreau had invested 
Yenloo ; he had commenced to do so on the 8th of October, but il 
was the 26th before the bridges were finished that enabled him to 
complete the investment on both sides of the Mense. At this time 
Pichegru having fallen sick, Moreau was ordered away to the com- 
mand of the army of the North, and the siege oi Yenloo was therefore 
delegated to Generals Laurent and Poitever the engineer. The place 
was garrisoned with 1800 men uid the ramparts mounted with 
160 pieces of cannon. A false attack having been made against 
the fort St. Michel, the Governor availed hiinself of it to make a 
sortie, which drove the besiegers from Uieir trenches and very nearly 
took General Laurent prisoner. The besieging attacks were directed 
agaiuHt both faces, that commanded the river up and down, and 
although their batteries were of light artillery, the Commandant was 
so much alarmed at the aspect of the attack, that after four days of 
open trenches, he entered into negotiation on the first summons, and 
gave up the place on the 26th, on terms that already rather savoured 
of a desire in the French to please the Dutch. 

This left 6000 or 7000 men at liberty to be employed against 
Nimeguen, before which Moreau at once sat down. The affkir of 
outposts on the 27th, as above related, was a reconnaissance made 
by the General-in-Chief and the engineer, Dejean, against this place. 
It would have been necessary, in order to invest the place com- 
pletely, to cross the Waal, but this would have been a hazardous 
attempt in the face of the allied army ; but otherwise by means of 
the bridges across the Waal and the Lech, the Duke could com- 
municate as he pleased with the garrison. Moreau, therefore, deter- 
mined to impose upon the enemy by advancing against Walmoden 
iu the intrenched camp that covered Nimeguen. The brigade of 
General Compere accordingly moved up from Krauenbourg and 
rested his right upon the Waal. General Souham, having imder him 
the three brigades of Jourdain, Macdonald, and Dewinter, formed 
the centre between Beech and Nerboe. Bomieaii's division was m$ 
Hees, and Delmas closed the half-circle with his left on the river at 



254 SIEGE OF TENLUO AND NIUEOUK^. [j.Jk 

Worma. Soiua Hghliti); tmik ploco jn (akuig up tliia ponlioB, bnt ll 

Tlie MM GeaeniiB felt ihu imporUnca oT Having Niiiie|[uen. uJ 
Gcnenil Clurfsil Rgaui cmme to Anibeim to 1iaveHcimrnn'ii«' with lb* I 
Duke of York, the Priuce of Omagis luirl Gptiend Wiiluuiltni, uti th* I 
wbjtnt. The Dutch undenuok tlio dcfmce uf the Doiiinwlfr-Wuit. , 
Hid iho InipsrialiBi General protuiBcd tueend adouudimi'iiltif lOJM 
men under (ieueisl Wemeck. to act upon the right tUuk of tlw 
beaiegm { bat u they eonld not bkve coroit into Una before tb* Tib. 
it WM resolrsd tbut ths Auntriftna almuld cron the Rliine nat 
Weiel, and advance in the rear of the nipubliona, to pmvm tt* 
enamy tnni oullecting mH^iiEiDBa in tho Duchy nf ClHVes. 

Id the menu time the Freuch bad opened a trench i>u the Itf Mil 
Sad of November, Rod now threntened Niini^gueu with a bombard- 
ment. Fuur batteries were eatablislied to bear ou the fly'i'S t*"^ 
aeroiia tbe river, and a hoone called Glnriette was CB|it»r«d ud 
recaptured after aharp tighdng. The Duke deiarmiiied on maUof a 
sortie on the night of the 3rd— 4ih. Tlie Hanovcriati ■haTpahoaMi 
milled by one of the natea agaiiul the French Camp, whila a DMbb 
battalion and ibe 8th Urittth regiment marched out by tha gu» ll 
Cleves. The principal body, under the command of Gmrral tie Utofb, 
Bonuning of the 87tb, 98ili, Gfilh, 6Srd, and 7Slli Uritinh tvchtMM^ 
auppoTted bj two MgnadmoB of ihe 15tli light dngiii'na and (b 
squadrDW of Hanoverians, went right at the iatmnrhoieDla aad 
bat(eri»i of the French, from whence they cRectuilly rii-uivd tiir 
enemy at tlie point of the bayiuiet. The 5Sth n^Kiin ' 
dtuingoithed Lieutenant- Colimpl Maodunald, |^ |« ~ 
battery ou tlia right atlaeli, and tbe cavalry tunivi 
the pamllel; but tlie tkitlgue parly did not do thi'U' ' 
were roealled beforo they had vlfHCted much Injur; i < . 
Tbe French, thorefiire, having T«tin»l to tliair linen,' w»ii omiii- \t.-l 
and Npalred tbe injury done, and un tlie Oih their ballaniea w«i* . I 
again Mlabliohod anil n)ieni>d. A aurlie nf tliit kind wtlhout nd I 
or object ia an UMleea butelirry ; if it had been aappartod ^ • , 
viguroua attack from aome thrvn or four battalion*, it might ha*c ' 
bad an effrat upon the lata of Ihe ucge, but a handful of ■ tit I 
hundred men, though they may poaaibly retnrd the work*, yoi oaa | 
do no amotint of misoMef that ia not canity reparabla. i 

The batteiioa of the betiegrrs had ^rcady begun to t«II upon lb* | ' 
flying bridge, and eunk one or two of the boats; and un the T(h I 
EioulMn,wbD bad the direcUon of the eieg* under tha (luinnl-^ 
Chlaf, get potaeaaiun of one nf tlia advoncvd wnrk*. The i>iibB 
aeoordingly reaolwd lu ifiiit Nimi'gui'ii, uiil leave nnlv a niii-Ht ekf ' ' 
rhain irf anW men, under Qeiieml llaw'li, tliore, and I'o ».[l.,lr^» ^ 
Uie UHliab and Kuioveriau troopa out of iho town. ''V' . 
Britiafa |iieketa: the bridge waa tlierefore repfcire'l. n" 
lary and allied trueps marebed out. The be^girr. ' 
by thair ftiendi In tlie town nf ihia intended evii>'<<. 
ounaequenea redoubled their flro upon it to incmi» l<ii' i>iw-<'iit<vt. 
oanrisg many oonHagm^ona ia the IDwn. The SiaULhtflder b«d i i 



1794.] THE BBITISH ABMT KETIBE BEHIND THE BHINE. 255 

given permission to General Hsach to withdraw altogether when- 
ever he should deem it advisable, and the same night, therefore, 
after bailing the guns, the Commandant began to move off his 
garrison ; but in a short time great confusion commenced, and the 
i*egiment of Bentinck, when actually upon the bridge of boats, was 
cut loose and drifted on a bank, from whence they were all made 
prisoners. The Idth British light dragoons, who were in company, 
had the utmost difficulty to pass their horses across the long undu- 
lating planks of the bridge, partly under water, but succeeded in 
doing so by blindfoldiftg their horses, and so crossed and escaped. 
Colonel Balnearis with the regiment of Stuart, which formed the 
rearguard, was however compiTomised and obliged to capitulate. 

35. Thb British Army retire behind the Rhine, and the Duke 

OP York returns to England. 

Whilst these events were occurring at Nimeguen, the Imperialist 
corps of General Wemeck, according to the agreement made with 
Clairfciit, crossed the Rhine at Buderik, near Wesel, and began to 
intrench themselves. On the 9th Vandamme appeared against them 
at the head of a division of Marceau*s army; the intrenchments 
were not completed when the attack commenced. The Austrians 
sustained the attack with much valour till nightfall, but the Greneral, 
finding the enemy too strong for him, determined in the night to 
recross the Rhine, and having quietly withdrawn all their artillei'y 
they got safe across before morning, and broke their bridge. 

The Rhine now flowed along its whole course between the 
French Republic and her enemies: for Bergen-op-Zoom, Grave, 
and Breda, were all invested; and Rheinfels and St. Goes had 
already suiTendered to her armies the first days of November. The 
French have ever loved to call the Rliine the natural boundary of 
France ; but, excepting as an object of cupidity, and to feed an un- 
holy appetite of ambition, it can never be properly called so. Rivers 
are never natural boundaries of nations ; for at first they are the only 
natural highways that exist for intercourse, and both banks are ever 
inhabited by people having common sympathies and union. Moun- 
tains are the only natural boundaries of races, for they are obstacles 
to intercourse, and of necessity divide them. This obvious truth 
does pot appear to have yet reached the ears of statesmen, who 
strive to lay down boundaries by degrees of latitude, or by rivers, 
when the principle of a mountain boundary may always be obtained 
even in the lowest elevations, by assuming the natui*al flow of the 
waters as the principle of separation. 

It is impossible to refuse our admiration of the energy and military 
virtues of the French armies at this epoch. Seven mouths of con- 
stant service in bivouacs and movements had destroyed their 
clothing and carried them through rags and nakedness to fatigues 
and unheard-of privations, that had reduced them to a state that 
urgently demanded repose. On the 20th of November the frost set 
in sharp, and the discomforts of living, under such conditions, in the 
midst of half frozen swamps and inundations, and under an inclement 



256 THE BEITISH AEMY UKTIEE BEHIND THE SQIim. [*J). 



sky, would have deli 

men, encouraged by their successes, dreamed uf notbiPK Bburtoflhe 
canqaest of UoUiind, wliere a HLrong republjcui party hoatile to U>e 
SUdtbolder was knnwii to exisl. The British Commsader-in-Chief, 
depressed by his ill furtune, looked lo the setting in of the fnj«t " u 
the best, nay, the only ally on whioL the army could depend," bvl 
hU cakulaCions were diMppuint«d; the French, witli their lEeHs- 
tomed adraituess, did uot lose an hciur in availiog theiuBelvra of tti* 
hcilitieB this veiy incident of the Heason alToHled tliem for inv&dli)! 
the oountry ; accualwiied to find all difficulliea vuiisU hefute »■ 
publii ■ ■ • . . .- 

then 
natural defeiicea a( the Uuteh Proi 

On the '2iid uf December hia Royal Highnesa Ihe Duke of York, 
having been apprised that it vat the intentjon to send out Lord 
Comivallts to supersede him, left Ariiheim for England, girUiI 
np (he comtnaud of the British contingent to LienL-Genoil 
Harcourt. This oonsigled at this periud uf ihirty-two BriliFk bat- 
talions and thirty Ei|uadninB ; of fourteen Hanuverian battalfoiu aail 
aixteen squadrons; of fonrleen Hessian battalious and finiitoA 
squadrons; and of eight battalions of French eniigrauts and Iwanty 
Hqaadrons. Hia Royal Highness left to General Walinoden tbe fi' 
riloDs task of commanding the allied forces, and of protecting a diiiaal 
people with an inferior, defeated, and dispirited arm)', nuiitbannc 
of all denomiDaUons and nations, about 4&,Dm men. Then waa al 
llie time a feier provalout among the peagaats of the eounDy, whidk 
it was difficult to |U'event extending to the soldiers, and tbe altar in- 
- alteotion at that time paid to the comfort of the siilrliera appean W 
us, at this time, almost incredible. " Ah, poor fellow, we shall m* 
thee DO more, for (hou art under orders for the sbambles." bm tlw 
dirge that accompanied a soldier to tbe hospiutl, wh«^ ibcm aalUa' 
tunate men were given up tu the mercy uf surgvoue' iiiaica, tar> 
nisfaed on tlie cheapest contracts; scarcely any accummodulDM 
were prepared for tlie sick in the hospitala, where, su far (MB 
finding even a pallet, they eonid Bcmvely oblain a liiler uf atAW« 
The Duke of York, at this early periud of his niUitvy canvr. 
evinced that attention to the subject which eveutually ubtaiDed hin 
so much honour, and at this time issued to hie army a genentl ahkv 
directing a field officer to be appointed every week to the ivXf " tl 
vMting the bospitala and observing whether the aick aud wimtM 
receive that unremitting core and attention dieir aiiuation demand 
and to report immediately any detlciency, neglect, or irmgahu^ W 
the Commander-in-Chief." Fi'ederick, Duke of York, tutd nol, & 
must be cunfesscd, the qualities requisite for a Geueral ouo- 
manding an army in the field, but his Royal Highness hae artretlf 
had the full credit given hini fur the servleea he reiiderMl to Urn 
allied arms in the eampaigne A'am whiidi he now nrtired. Re 
evinced, thua early, and llirougli life, Ihe qualities of an ekOeUaal 
military admiuistralor, and waa never deficient ellbec iu boldsaa 



B<l7fll.] nSHECAL DjLKHUELK OUOSait* THE ICE. SS! 

H tr MtlvU}', but Uo w» tmi Cloy of tenipBr for lli« MuiiDKUi of m 
l| amiy. 1 

38> GtKEhtL DtBNUiiui L-Hnuici TiiK lea, AND oniirm uitiu tiik 



m itraK|[lii<K KngUihinkii tiuiMino an iitijvot unl otilj' i>f ill-trakt . .. 
but of rrriaoiil uiawlnKtloiii Tbvy tumoil ths man readiljr to 
thdr tivkla. Ilia SUtci Gvnonil, rDHnotins tliv fnlliigi of tilt 
ptojAe, mid wllli thu ncizuntiiiiii'd ■Itoit-alghtrdnou of Uip Duteli lu 
mciiiit^iiii ul Miii.i'ir i,> ill' ii'i'iiiiii(ry,»U|lht tn depniuita ths liMlUlty 

i| iiii "1- |ii 111 iH u'idi •luluiiiva Jim 

nrilt-n \« tlii>u* H-'iKToli tu proM ths WmiI. 

nmiuMiai wtth tlis krmy uf ths North Itftd ooniinlu>d on 

, it of thfl proiiuacd invwilon of HulUnd by GobonilUiioiidalii, 

ft DnlDhman by blnh, but n rFnsiikili wbo bad bocn pms'suhnl by 

■-'- 'r tho |mrt lio liwl taktsn in tha r«»olullon of 1717. Ho 

almarlt, thornuglily well fuiqunJiitod with tlia dlmntd 
find th* iMukl poeuliu'ltlai of hli own 01)1111117, *''"' *'"' "" ^'"Q * 
MMbui itRalnat It thtt bo naniaiLly dwlmil to bo ontruiiltd with 
ffta* axMiUlaiT of hi* Muititnlion*. AooDrdbiKly, h« wu givan Ilia 
OummMid uf th« uX)iMl)tlun hi atom tha Woal, and having oaIlsat«4 
tog^UiT a RrMt numb*r of boati at Cnvocc&up, and lh« niatiriali 
(or aonatrucilng brldjtt**. bo dDttrminod to make two «a«oiidM7 
attnnpUii tb* one un Kokorilum, and tbe othsr on furt St. Andrd, 
whUo hb prlnelpnl attack ■liould bo mads apiliiat Iba Ilommalar' 

r All thing* balnit mady, tha Irnripa won Ml in motlou on tba Iflih 
ll DMainbar Inini Knktrdiini, Gmiiinil Vanilainmn, daicnudbiK tlio 
Vul, iMidoduridur oonivof n fiigaidlMnt, wlion hw found a Ilano- 
~ "* II lialtfry, wbluh hu Mtankwl *nd tonk; but Oananil da Duah 
IK ■'[> i" ■ii|'l>"rti It waa ralakon, hut not till aftrr loma 
« RiiiiB huil biHin nallad wan tha Franoh drlvan baok by tha 
wU i>r till' l«t and 3rd Hnnovetlan ennadlora to thair iHWia. 
li* eiinHict I).' Uunb wai killad, and Major Baebnaiater niDr> 
tally woiiiuh'd mid iiiU-ii |»'iiKiiinr. Tha attack on furt 3t Audrd 
t»IM nitngnhne, liirniiiii'il Ly a ii|iy of Iha Inlantlan nf thn »iioiny, 
the itari'Uiiii wim mi iIh ;;iiiiril: tlioy aliiiwad Ihn aawllaiiui til nd- 

tblliliail uii Lliu -xratKl. iikhi' 1 ImO, thut It drovu thoni bank t» lliair 
I, laaring half Ihiiir numbvr on tha aburo. Ths Prinna uf 
••Dannatadt raviilvcd tha prlnaipal attauka at llin tUlago of 
Wl, in Iha Bommelw-Wiurt, with aueh firmnuH, tliat iho flmt 
tfailta anuld iiiake no itnimmiilon,' and thow wlm followud bat 
. An Iminoiun rait camn dowu ilia atnam wllb the troopji, but 
who had dlaiunbarkud luiaiiiiiDil U> M ua It nBHlc, mid Uian- 
Vot. IV. a 



\i 



3S8 aXXRRAL DIENPILI OBOHaKR THK 1 

il(-U llimiBhl ni la rvjinrt t" (JgijiTBl Morciu, wim kI 

111 rliluf, tlmt lin ciitvnjrtu liul fullvil^knU >i-Eunllii|1jr tli« Uflopi 

wni'v onlfml bkck lo llipir piwliliiri*. 

Til* frint oDDllniuJ la tucnuM iii InMwIlr. On llm Mill uf I)*- 
■•nnhn iliv Ihannatustar hrtU fiill*ii tn H*, kimI Hi* cbiiiiI* *n>l tnub- 



.1 Amhrlrn wm mrrli-'t kwijr. Amoriliniily ilin PrlnM rf 



bwifi piwlwil nn uiiiiM-Kulviul illrutlr im thu r»rt llwill, wJili-li nul iln 
Duldi Ir'n'in nil ilm Iilui4 Itiio lunh uniiT, ilmi llio l«iiia/i<nMi of 
Orwiiio, l^rU, lliihmlolw, aiKl Oi'IhiIi, lilil lU.itii lli-lrnrinairflMl 
tn Hwulm, wliara liia ni»]n Uuleli imiv wu, iimr (liirciim, «nd 
III* fult kliil till lilaliil wvrii ihniiitiiiMd. Tllii ■■mIIhiiU iiimuail till 
h|IU*Mi*ri>« iIm Wim1,wIiI0|i wm k mkiKrr nf wimo HIHIuultj' fmm 
thi fM( wlilah •■■ not prMliaabla la pww u|Nin In tIJ plnimi, but ■m 
■afflitint lu rondo- lli* iwi'luilan Jaiiifi r>»>i. r.iiK'i,,! i'.,„tiMMi 
inilMvonnHl lu rally ilitm at Tull to i>»>.l< < . ilmt 

aDDxral I)*Iw1k miiild Imvn amit him !' ^tai 

rarrlril away liji llin inHitMi anil ■•iily aiir' ' r i,.,<a 

■ir IJratiK* at riDnium. Tlia batiallwia .1 •).» 

*araijUarI«l-fil<RI III! WMlalilntifUin ji.liM. ' ., |li:|i] 

artlllvry, mil f-mnil wfnty iiiiilvr lli« U'i'i" "' 1'" •"■lii'i. Tbi 
Vfimali lu tlila ■iiouiiiitcr eapluruU IHOO |irl*iin>n aij4 •ial^'plMM 

On Iha aame da^ Iha trnopa uf (J»niir«l llnnn'-iiit anil tr- Main 

furml Dm lliin* lli^t mveml llrwlB, ainl <•■' ' ■■■■ •••■■'■■'ihnwfti 

anil ZflVCiilKii'KRii, nt wlilah Ilwy Mill piM<> < 1 . ' m-nil 

Vulil (laiiwal llaiivk mut nbllRtHi r 
JWM morning, iha SIMi, I'laliBvru 



ii*ru WW l"i>.. ■ ' 

rttdiv of (in*v. t^XmnA l)»liuua *Wi »ii« ".muv.t, 1 
tad au-iami a b/aolik^a of loii or MaWa wMks an4 « ^ 






1794.] WAB IK LA. TBND^E AKD BBITTAUT. 259 

- - - — — — — ^ 

of three, but notwithstanding the surrender of Maestricht, Venloo, 
Nimeguen, &c., notwithstanding that he was deserted by his own 
troops and left without hope of success, this brave veteran resisted all 
the arts of General Salm to get obedience to a frequent summons 
to yield the place, and now capitulated with all the honours of war, 
receiving from his enemy the singular compliment of being pro- 
menaded in triumph by them round the works that he had so well 
defended. His garrison, who shared his glory, consisted of a Swiss 
regiment and four companies of that of Waldeck, amounting to 1500 
men. 

37. The French driven back across the Waal. 

The allied forces regarded this state of things with very different 
feelings amongst each other. The Prince of Orange feared an im- 
mediate march of the French on Amsterdam, and would listen to 
no further hostile proposition ; but enjoined the Prince of Darmstadt 
to close in upon the Dutch army at Gorcum, in order to be at hand 
to prevent this movement. Tlie British troops, on the other hand, 
were indignant at the continued successes of the republican army^ 
and urged and obtained the consent of General Walmoden to under- 
take an expedition for the recovery of the island of Bonunel, or at 
all events to force the enemy back across the Waai. Major-General 
Sir David Dundas was charged with the conduct of this operation. 
Lord Cathcart with the 27th, 28th, 84th, and 80th regiments ; Major- 
General Gordon with the 19th, 85th, 89th, and 54th regiments; 
Colonel Mackenzie with two battalions of guards and the corps of 
loyal emigrants ; Sir Robert Laurie with six squadrons of light 
cavalry selected from the 7th, 15th, 11th, and 16th light dragoons; 
the Count de Wurrab with four battalions and four squadrons of^ 
Hessians, were toid off to make the attack in three columns, on the 
30th of December. Lord Cathcart with the left one, which was to have 
turned Tuil, was obliged to make such a detour, owing to the badness 
of the roads, that he did not reach the point of attack in sufficient 
time to act simultaneously with tlie other two. Sir David Dundas 
with the centre column made every preparation necessary for the 
attack of Waardenberg, but finding that place deserted by the 
enemy he pushed on to Tuil and overtook the Count de Wurmb 
with his Heosian column on the march. Here he found the French 
troops strougly posted, with an abattis in their front, and every 
approach defended by the guns taken from the Dutch the previous 
day. The troops marched, nevertheless, boldly to the attack, and 
the post and village were soon carried at the point of the bayonet. 
The republicans retired with all expedition across the icy river, with 
considerable loss, including the eleven Dutch guns which they left 
behind them. Major Murray, of the 78th, with about fifty men, fell 
on this occasion on the side of the British. 

38. War in La Vendue and Brittany. 

The Priest Bernier united to the ambition of his character all 
that recklessness of the means of obtaining power that belongs to 

s 2 



260 WAB nr la tei^dIs aud BBiTTAirr. [aj>. 

'violent times. He saw that he could make use of Stofflet to gOTem 
in his name, and he hoped to obtain by his means the name and 
authority of " Commissaire-G^n^ral de I'arm^e catholique et royale." 
For this purpose a meeting of the royalists was coDTened at the 
Ch&teau de Mafn^ces, which was fully attended by the Vendeans, 
to|i;ether with 800 deputies from Brittany, when he proposed the 
establishment of a commissary-in-chief, with a council having nMMt 
despotic powers; all were stunned at such a proposition^ but one 
deputy alone named Dupuis raised his voice against it, and no 
sooner was the council finished than this unhappy man was put in 
irons and committed to prison. To obtain money, essential to his 
object, the establishment of a general paper currency was resorted to. 
But the cause of liberty, as is too often the case, was disgraced in La 
Vendue by the jealousies and unscrupulous rivalries of its leaden. 
Charette and Stofflet became jealous of De Marigny, who was a^ 
cordingly tried by his enemies, condemned, and mercilessly shot; 
this was more immediately the act of the latter, but not to be «>Qt- 
done, Charette contrived that Joly should be made odious by being 
charged with abuses in the provisionment of the patriots, and ev^ 
caping for his life, this unhappy chief was also hunted down, caught, 
and massacred by his co- patriots. 

On the side of the government a total change of system was now, 
however,adopted ; instead of the sanguinary violence which such a man 
as Carrier had dictated, commissaries of a more moderate character 
were sent to the Y endean army, the command of which was again given 
to General Canclaux, rather a prudent than an able man, and who was 
deemed better suited to the task of winning back revolted subjects than 
he had shown him^lf to that of subduing them ; indeed, the Cc»nventioo 
»now rendered their change of policy more patent, by arraigning at iti 
bar the authors of the barbarities committed in La Yend^, and other 
districts concerned in the insurrection ; the principal and moat 
guilty of whom. Carrier, was tried, convicted of the crimes imputed 
to him, and guillotined in company with two members of the 
lutionary tribunal who had been associated in his iniquities. 
The new system contemplated also a change of military o' 
— instead of advancing great armies against the insurgentay twelve 
intrenched camps were established on either side of the Lmre, so ■■ 
to render the congregating of the patriots difficult, and especially to 
cut off all the combinations that might be arranged between the Vm- 
deans and the Chouans. A considerable lull followed on this ehs^gs 
of mesKures, and Charette, misunderstanding the occasion of it^ wis 
emboldened to action, and thought he might assume the lead beesan 
that his rival Stofflet was dispirited and cowed. Accordingly, on tht 
5th of September he collected together his followers and exdtid 
them by the following address : '* Amis, nous n'avons k eombstm 
quo des citadins couverts d*or et de soie; j'abandonue tout le bntla 
aux plus courageaiix:*' he then advanced to surprise and attMk 
the camp of the republicans established at La Kouliire, not br 
from Nantes. General Jacob, who was in command of the esapi 
^ppcnod to be absent, and the republican troops, utteriy unprepsiel 







1794.] WAB nr la. TESDim asto BKirxAirr. 261 • 

for the assault of an enemy, beoane an easr prer : bnt vkOe eke ! 
patriots fell upon the spoil, the head of a eixIwBn of troops vas seen ■• 
advancing from Montai||;n ; Charette eoUected m haste hm heA mem . 
and rushed to the post to meet it, rovted the aoUiefs and faroed 
them back to tlieir quarters. 

Among the papers that mom eame nto die poascasM of the | 
Vendean chief in the plunder, Charette beoaiae ~ ~ 
intention of the government in forming theM ~ 
to disarm and starve the patriot levies 
accordingly determined immediately on the attack of aa othu of 
camps established at Fr^qutf ; for this porpose he again aaattmboed 
Ills forces on the ISth, and marched to the attaek on the 15:h. but 
the affair at La Rouliere had roused the vigUanee of the rep«hiieaBa^ 
and the Brigadiers Prat and Merniet were on tbdr guard aad pr»> 
pared to receive him. Their camp was seenred against a camf de mmim 
by a connected parapet defended by ditches, palisades^ and faanqoeoea, 
and garrisoned with 2000 disciplined men ; Charette, therefore, met 
with a determined resistance. Leeorse, DeiauBay, St. Saovear, aad 
other leaders, with whole ranks of patriots, feU dead before the ia- 
trenchments which they oould not enter ; but Charette hiiMflf headed 
a new attack, and in this conflict Brigadier Prat, of the revofaniiMarf 
force, was killed in the camp. Brigadier Mennet made a sortie for 
his assbtance, but was suntHUided and atraek down in the s^t of 
his son, a lad of fourteen, who accompanied him. Charette woald 
have been taken prisoner but for the arrival of Lemaehe, who op- 
portunely released him. The contest lasted five hoars, and the car- 
nage was horrible. The troops having lost their leaders, fled, aad 
Charette, master of the camp, set it on fire ; Mermet's aon, pioiBBly 
protecting the dead body of his fiuher, perished with it in the flampw 
The soldiers were almost entirely cut to pieces, and die patriote had 
lAOO killed and wounded. 

Another Vendean body mustering 4000 men, under Henon aad 
Guichard, advanced on the 20ch against the camp at Chieh^ near 
Chatillon. By some misunderstanding only one uf these chiefo 
advanced to the attack, with 24M)0 men, and was repulsed; by a 
singular accident, the other division was surprised in a valley in 
which they had halted; but the troops now hearing the firing oa 
the other side, were alarmed, and turned back, when they came in 
contact with the column repulsed from the camp ; and thus placed 
between two fires they were almost annihilated. A few days later, 
however, General Grignon, commanding the camp at Yerine, took 
his revenge by surprising Renou in his quarters at Noir lieu. 
Charette rather inflamed than mitigated the rivalry of Stofflet aad 
the Priest by these successes, but these two last were too nmdi 
enamoured of their assumed authority over the land to seek for any 
enemy, and as Charette could not act with permanent effect single- 
handed, the rest of the year passed away in inaction. I^ the mean 
while Puisaye was exerting himself to organize the insunrectiGn in 
Brittany ; and though he failed in his endeavour to get pmwfsninii ef 
Rennes, the oapital, yet he obtained every eneonrageflMot in hm 



262 WAK nr the ptbe5SXS, [a.d. 1 

taftk from the British Goremor of Jeney; aod by Lord BftlcwRs's ' 
a<lvino he repaired himself to London to secure the armed eo- ' 
I operation of the English, and if possible the presenee of Mfna one 
I of the French Princes in his camp. The Count do Trott^, who 
had nerved with the emigrant army of Cond^, repaired to the 
Clioiian standard, and the Marquis Dudresoay was sent with British ■ 
gnld to organize a force in Nonnsndy and the Cotentin ; bat the 
pro|>o»ed plan of sending an expedition of some 10/)00 men to dis- | 
en>bark between CancaJe and Paimpol was declined by tbo Britaih ! 
government. i 

39. War 15 tub Pyrenees. 

In the Eastern Pyrenees Bellrgarde continued iDvested by the ' 
20,000 Frenchmen under General l)ugoinmier, who ihongbt to redoes ■ 
' it by famine rather than to besiege it, in order that it might be bfie- i 
after rcconrinercd for the Ilepublic without injury to its defeneca. The ' 
Spanish General La Union commanded an army of 26,000 men in 
I the vicinity of Figueras, having about 16,000 men at Puyccrda. 
{ The garrison at Bellegarde being distressed for provisioiiSy La 
Union thought it necessary to make an effort either to revietoal the 
place or to break up the blockade. On the 13th i>f August the 
I SpaniHli army was put in motion for this object ; the intention was 
Vi move a force upon the right of Dugommier's army, while doroon* 
! strationn should be made on his left towards the Col do Bagnols. 
The principal point of attack was to be St. Laurent de U Monga, wben 
Augrr(>au commanded. The division of General Courten, by ft 
■ forced march well concealed from obsenration, appeared at ibrea 
I in the morning, utterly unexpected, at the foot of the moimtain of 
Terrad&M, before that t<»wn. The Spaniards mounted tho hill, 
attacked the brigade of General Lemoine, and drove them baek 
to their batteries, which they afterwards carried with the bayoa*^ 
I and the French retired and took post at La Madeleine. The Briga- 
dier Perlasca, who commanded the attack on Port de Gma, waa 
J ef|ualiy successful, and dr«>ve the enemy out of that pomtion withont 
j firing a shot. The division of Izquierdo, with the Srd and 4lli 
! brigades, advancing direct on St Laurent de la Mouga, euooiUltMvd 
I General Mirabel, who caught him in a gorge of the hills near th* 
' foundry, when Augercau bringing up the brigade of Guyeux ortr- 
wlielmed and routed him, but fell wounded in Uie attempt; that 
eneournged, however, Ijcmoine, now assisted by the diriaion of Laa- 
rent, advanced agaiuHt Courten, and i*et«K>k the batterieiL Ixqoiefdo 
muted, and PorlaHca being left to his own resources, Courton 
obli(;ed to yield his ground, and about midday the whole 
ainiy was driven back. Marechnl-del-Campo Godoy had 
orrlcred tii niaixrh round the republican force at St LaBreut, 
attuck tlieir rear; but ho encountered in the way the chamenn af 
the Adiutant-ffCiieral Bon, who forced him to fly, and the eolnna 
of Ciigigul had been encountered and driven back by the bripdf 
of Davin. Such being the state of the attack, I^a Union waa loe 
prudent to persevere, and ordered a general retreat to the linM^ 



179^.] WAJt IN THE PTRKKfiSS. 263 

The French were equally raeceflsfnl against Uie &lse attaicks on 
the left. Generals Bel vis and Taranoo with 4000 foot and ISOO 
horse no sooner appeared at Cantalup, than they were assailed by 
nine companies of grenadiers and six battalions under Generals 
Micas and Causse, who drove tliem back upon Estonia, where the 
Vicomte de Gand (an emigrant) held a redonbi with so bold a 
front as to check all further pursuit. On the side of the Col do 
Bagnols, the Spanish Admiral Gravina with some i^nn-boata at- 
tempted a landing from the sliore behind the French troopo, bot 
was successfully opposed in his attempts by tlie battalion of Tarn and 
some grenadiers under the command of a chef de bataillon. 

The encounter was sufficiently savage to have been attended with 
much loss. Augereau was wounded with two balls. Sanret and 
many otlier superior officers were also seriously injured, together 
with about 800 men. The Spanish loss also was very consid^ble. 
General Dugommier, however, learned the weakness of his position, 
and iumiediately withdrew his men closer tc^ther towards the tap 
of the mountains, so as to restrain Bellegarde with a nearer en- 
brace. This place, however, saw no hope of any farther reKef^ 
and after a blockade of 134 days surrendered on terms on the 17th 
of September. 

La Union, before he knew of the surrender, detennined to try tlie 
effect of some manceuvruig on his adversary, and moved forward 
on the 21 St the brigades of Taranco and Godoy to threaten the 
heights of Campmani, in front of Montroieh. The Spaniards foaod 
no resistance till they reached the latter place, bat getting dabbed 
after ascending the steep, they were assailed by the garrison in the 
intrencliments, and driven back to the banks of the Llobregat, where 
they were covered by the Portuguese regimoit of (^«rtOy who 
eanie to their aid. La Union was indignant at all these it t eisoa , 
and offered his resignation of the command, which was r e fo s e d. 
lie then thundered a general order against his army; disgraced 
some of the regiments, and pronounced death against any soldier 
who should quit his colours. Singularly enough, he took on himself 
at this time to make overtures of peace to Dugommier, who seat thein 
to his government, but the court of Madrid refused to treat exoepting 
on the terms of providing some independent territory for the children 
of Louis XVI. On this the Committee of Public Safety sent word to 
their General, "C'est k notre artillerie k r^pondre: disposes toot 
et frappez." 

In the Western Pyrenees Don Ventura Caro had been replaced, 
after the failure of the Croix des Bouquets, by the Conde de Colo- 
mera, Viceroy of Navarre, who gave the command of the valley of 
Uastan to Lieutenant-General Urrutia, and stationed the emigrant 
Marquis de St. Simon with 7000 men at Harquengo, to defend thm 
entrance to the valley on that side. On the 9th of July Genenl 
Moncey observing that, naturally strong as the position was, it w«« 
quite isolated and dose to the French frontier, called to his support 
Latour d'Auvergne with his grenadiers to attack St Simon. Tbm 
brigade of Digonet, which led the attadc, did not raoeoed In 



^ 



2G1 WAR IK TUB FTBinXES. [i 

prisiDE Iho emigruita, uid they dHfuniltd llieutwIVM wUb eam|*, 
but yielded to iDBreaaing nuiiilMrs *iid retired in good ordtt N 
IrrouJtn, with the low ol' 300 iniMi. In the rutrou Si. ^imoa «h 
' struak down with > b4ll : the re|)uUlioan coRimuidiir, nil gmriat; tlul, 
vxoUimed to hia mm, "No tirex plun, naua le teimna." The Uv> 
qiiis beKrd this nnd eriad out," Nun, n<in, tu ue ma tieua pia Boooni 
vIciM ma ahercher li tu I'mbb." Ilia uttopa nlUed round hM, 
humA blm on a litwr, and carried him off. 

Encoumited by thia anceeaa, the republican Genarftl-in^Chief HbUw 
formed & plan for penetrating into Spain. Ou the Sllh of July Moo- 
' ' 'a Baataa hy the fniir paaam uTBok 
lya; tiie diTlaioii of LabonI* wu to 
, ^ [1 the right noar llie onaat wm tu otM 

the Bidoaaoa at the aame time ; and Qanerala Mauar and Mai4ot oa 
tlieleft,neiLr St. Jean Pied da Port, were tdkoepinehpok the Spanlita 
onrpa under the Duke d'Oaioua. On (he 17tli Dlgonotac(h*he»dof 
700i> men nurchod from lapenuynn Kracun; tlia Sfiaalarda aban- 
doned Ills fort wliiuh defended tlio Col, and fled to the villaga, wht<fc 
they had orfnclfed. The Frenoti, hy force of maaoular ntranjflb, 
d^g^d with then) some gana aeroaa tlie heights, and ddw ^woad 
flra uii tlia Spaniards, wlien Metidiuibiil, aiirpriaed aui) alannad 
at tlio preaeiioe of artillery, fell back, aUanilnniui;; the poat of Arianw 
on the tppearanea of Bri){adJor Lefriino, who had deaoanded into tkw 
valley by tho Col de Berduria, and the republieana pursued tbeir 
march to EUiaoiidn. Moncoy and Latour d'Auvergne attacked Ih* 
Col de Maya, where the Cuuut d'Umiiia commanded, who nava wav 
before them aflor a alight reeialanee, and Monccy aoou asMniLM 
bla whole farce at Eliaondo, the oipital town of the valley of BaiMaa. 
Ganatal Laborde with bia divieiun had the mure difHuull task of 
fordug the iutreuohmanti of the iiiouiitHin of Ci>iniiiii«ari, iBd 
then the SpanUh camp at Bern, He divided hia fame inui tlira* 
oolumua; (Jetieral Denaeiu at the head of one waa to aaaait a alar 
fort delWlvd liy a deep ditoh, in the oeoire Qeneral Laborde wm 
to lead the attacli on the gorge D'tilblot, and Genaml Cambny with 
the left waa to fol«o Iha pawnge on the «de at Iho niouiituln I^e 
Rhuno. The atnr tort woa dafonded by Brigadiar CagiKi^l. a vimnj; 
■uldier of tejiutAliiin, who reoolTsd Daaaein with a inunlnn^ux fire, 
BD Uiat the (Veneh aoldieiy aoiighl prutwcttoa under mn' til ilir r»< 
entering anglea of the ourlnin. but "were daeitnaMd by t!>'a|"'-''hi>l from 
the fort. An adjutant-wnaral vnu killed, and the troopn lif«tat*i^ 
when Daaaain led tham forward with the baynncl and gat poaaeitoo 
of the eurtain, when ba waa enabled W biing the (ire of i 



A bear agi^nat the fiui. At Ihia ^oDcture bibarde oume np with 
I length made pHsoner, and Iha Ton taken. BuinK of 



I nrk At Ihw joDci 
the eontn column by the aide of tha gorge U'Olhlrt. Ui|tiMl, 
attacked at oiico by the two colnnina, dalonded himaalf bravaly, bM 



Dii>i>laxiaii and unlike a Spaniard, the rapubli 
n Hia/rt, and would have killed liim un the aput but for tha 
tion of Deaaain, who interforad for tlia life of hia brave 
In the naan time Cambray had advaueed with hia« 



1794.] BATTLE 07 ST. MABOEIL. 265 

taken possession of the redoubt of Maria Louisa, which commanded 
the camp at Berra. 

Colomera, at Biriatu, finding himself wholly uncovered on his 
right flank by these successes, ordered a general retreat behind the 
Bidassoa, when D'Urrutia fell back on St. Estevan, while the rest of 
the army held possession of the camp of St. Marceil, behind Yrun. 
The Spaniards abandoned in this retreat magazines and stores of 
great value, and lost some 400 prisoners ; but Colomera resolved to 
maintain his ground in this position, which he had fortified with 
great care and with many forts, during a period of fifteen months, 
having palisaded every accessible approach across the river. Lieu- 
tenant-General Gill commanded the left at St. Marceil, Urrutia the 
right at St. E^tevan. 

40. Battlr of St. Ma&ceil and Capturb of Fuentebabia. 

The General-in-Chief Muller, encouraged by his successes in getting 
possession of the valley of Bastan, consulted his generals as to the 
practicability of '' taking the bull by the horns," and assaulting the 
intrenched camp, which he was earnestly tirged to do by the field- 
deputies. After considerable reflection, he rejected a proposition 
to send the right wing across the mountains, and descend the valley 
of the Urumea, upon Emani, which would have been very rash, 
but if successful would have completely cut off all retreat from 
the Spaniards, but adopted the more moderate plan of dispatch- 
ing orders to Moncey to move from Elisondo across the perilous 
roads of Mont Atchiola, upon Lesaca, and thence to advance and 
take possession of the Mount Haya, directly overlooking the road 
from Yrun to Oyarzun, whilst Fr^geville i^ould attack the camp 
at St. Marceil. Moncey moved forward on the 27th of July, but 
it was the 1st of August before he had accomplished this arduous 
march : he was thirty-two hours marching seven leaeues of ground 
to Lesaca, where he came up with Laborde*s division, and found 
the Spanish troops in force before them at Mount Haya. Eight 
companies of grenadiers under the brave young Grange fearlewly 
advanced against them, and carried the summit filter a contest of an 
hour. General Fr^gevilfe put his troops in motion against the camp 
on the 31 St; leamng two battalions to watch the fords under General 
Dessein, he on the 1st ascended the river towards Biriatu, crossed 
the ford, notwithstanding the palisades, and fell on the rear of the 
batteries that defended the camp on this side. Dessein at the same 
time attacked the front, and Muller himself at the head of a reserve 
got across a bridge at Bioby, which so alarmed the defenders of the 
camp, that Gill, who had been directed to resist to the last ex- 
tremity, hearing at the same time that the French were already 
masters of Mount Haya, now trembled for his rear ; and after a 
feeble conflict abandoned the camp and retreated to Oyarzun. The 
rearguard maintained its firmness, but in their retreat exploded 
some magazines, which encouraged the troops who had taken Haya 
to attack them on their march. The Mai^ohal-del-Campo Murao 
with his cavalry, supported by the devotion of the battaliona of 



266 BATTLE 07 ST. UASCEIL. [A.D. 

Rediiig and lllUinia uid tlie Walloon guards, rcBlsted all llw at- 
MmptB dF ihe rcpuLlicaiii tu force tlirm, but th«y could ur>t «iUl- 
draw tha artillery, wliicli in tlie eud was Bscrilii^il, and 200 gKas 
became tlic [iriso 'if the vieiun. Fr^gevillo, immtdiaiely ht ftr- 
eeivoil die aiaio of lliiugH, rode off witli llie tield-deputy Gartan 
ftud 30D light tiwuiiB to Fuenterabia, wliere he noa at ficat r»- 
cajvad by a fira uI icrape, which hilled tlirce meii at liia aidat 
bnl he made a daah at s redoulit called " of the Capuoliina," au4 
Umk it, Tliia cumitiauded the tuvm, and thinkinj; he ouuld inn 
thia BuaceBeful huldneaa tu acoouot. he imiuediatrly aent a fiaft «f 
. ae to aeqount the GotvrtHu: vritli the lute of tlie Spaiitah trtaj. 
The {>o«r tuati asked Iwcuty-four boura to oontinee hiu of tb* 
truth of the Btaionicni, but the General would only Hmni hiin da 
ininuicB, and die Giiveraoi', friKhtened at tlie toue and resuluika «( 
the euemy, eapUuluied fnrlJinidi uiih 000 men. PuetttemliiB bad 
Iiecn uamailthe Virpn, liecaiiae it luid never been liitherlo ispt«ned ! 
KBd the Spaniorda were aa martilied aa the French Wiire defighMd 
with tliia easy caiiture. 

The victiiriuu» aiTPy followed the defeated Spanutrdt along dn 
Enmt Cumina Reale to Ei-UHni, and Frf^ville irne ordered inuM- 
diately to inveal St Sehaatian, ^rrisoced with 17(M) men. LatMI 
d'Auvergne waa H?nt to sunimiHi the place, aiid prutiting by the 
terror which the unopposed eucceas of the French Invawiui had 
Blety where oocaainncd, be bo eonditcted litmaelf that the weak oU 
Governor aaked pcnuiuion to euputulate, and on the 4lh tlial fiiiliWi 
alio waa aurrendered. 

Ou the 9th of August ttia conqnerora had readied Tolnaa. wbm to 
the first appeanvnoe of the advanced enarde under Getieral Moh^ 
the Count Colnmera retired oue-balfof hii annyun the road lo llam- 
paloiu, and Ihe remainder touarda Mnuldragon. The ntrraut 
tut auoner aaw the Frvnuh than they fled, and General Mintu wiili Ua 
cavalry alone allowed theniaelvea wortliy of the nania of aolditti^ 

Muilor bavuig reaigned, or been recalled, Moneey waa apiwdalal 
to the ehief eouimand oF thia army ; the Spauianla under ihfi Doba 
d'OaauDB Btill pnleLted the pafaa){a intu llie hiugduni by HoDoak 
vallesi but the French aimy of the WeBtern Fyreiieee waa nav 
DTUWii to be the must coiwiderable force tliat etc* threatened llu 
boDtier of Spam. Sixty-sx huttalione and eight aquadiuns, wltba 
BUperb train otartiiieiy and every requiaite of war, niiiil.r ihf Ki>« [ 
tremble for hie capilal; iievertbeleas, thia army iti.-i . 
period of two raonliie inaotivcL At length, after >-i'i 
with tha authoritiea at Paris, and other unaccouni.il 

FMRevilhs advaiiciiig along the great cauaeway wvt.c.-. ^,,. .,., 
ouniberg luet with a very poor reeiatanee, and Genernl LabonM 
quitted Kliaondo the aatne day, and moved aonsa the Oil de B*lM* I 
into the vallajr of Lans, where he met FJUnpari, with 900D S(*> 
niarda, who made little ahow or oppouiion. Laborde hen anliid 
hiinaolf with a corpa of ecven batCaliona under CaHlc'vert and Dnmal, I 
■ad (iillowiug after Filangleri with a inaaa of twenty picked bat- | 



1794.] DUaOMMIEB INTADBS SPAIK. . 267 

talions that he termed his "coloone infemale," came up with 
him on the 16th at the royal foundry of Euquy^ where the Spanish 
Genei'al Don Yiscurette had collected 4(M)0 men ; the French again 
drove him back into the mountains, with the loss of two guns. In 
the mean time Moncey came up from St. Jean Pied de Port, and 
mounting the valley of the Nive to its source, threatened Orbaigetta. 
General UiTutia accordingly concentrated his small force at Alto- 
biscan, where he had constructed a fort on the summit of the 
mountain range where the high road to Pampeluna crosses it, and 
he dispatched a small reinforcement to assist Filangieri. On the 
17th Laborde attacked Yiscarette again, drove him into the valley 
of Koncesvalles, and forced him to uuite with the Duke d'Ossuna 
at Burghette, but the republicans now unaccountably pulled up. 
Moncey had dispatched Generals Mauer and Marlot against the 
Spanish General Cagigal into the valley of Roncesvalles, who en- 
countered and overthrew him with considerable loss, and forced 
him to retire on Orbaigetta. The Duke d'Ossuna thus finding 
himself pressed on both Hanks by Laborde and Marlot, and threat- 
ened in his rear at Cubari and £rro, withdrew all his troops 
and detachments, and retreated to Aoys; in all these affairs the 
Spaniards lost' forty guns and 1500 prisoners. The weather in the 
mountains, however, so confounded the French army that they could 
not act ; only one combat of any importance (on the 24th — 26th of 
November) relieved the monotony of an almost absolute cessation 
of hostilities: the consequence was, that the republicans found them- 
selves obliged to retire into winter-quarters on the northern side of 
the Pyrenees, leaving Count Colomera and the Duke d'Ossuna still in 
sufficient force to de^nd the approaches to Pampeluna. 

41. DUGOMMIER INVADES SpaIN, AMD IS KILLED — ThE SpaMISH 

General La Union is killed. 

General Dugommier after his little episode of negotiations with his 
adversary. General La Union, had remained inactive till the middle 
of November, when he roused himself to the formidable enterprise 
of attacking the Spanish line of intrenchments opposed to him. 
These consisted of seventy-seven redoubts, or open batteries, gar- 
nished with 250 pieces, disposed in a double line on an extent 
of five leagues, from Espolla at the foot of the Col de Bagnols to 
the hills behind St. Laurent de Mouga, and a vast intrenched camp 
was established at Figueras to contain 50,000 men, to provide for 
the defence of them. The left of the Spanish position was regarded 
by the French Commander as the most attainable or least formidable. 
In the night of the 16th — 17th of November, the right wing under 
the orders of General Augereau inarched from Coustonge in three 
columns, to attack Terradas and La Madeleuie. General Perignon 
with the brigade of Guyeux was at the same time to advance &om 
Darnuys, and General Sauret on the left, flanked by a brigade under 
General Victor, was to threaten Vallemadal and St. Clemente, and if 
found practicable to assail the hill of Camproani. One division with 
the cavalry under Greneral Duqua, and sixteen guns under Geneaad 



268 nirao&iMiEB eili^ed. [a4>. 

Guillaame, was to fortn the reserve. Tlie two firat cnlumni oiidM 
Augereau uiiilod nhen il wns slill almost durk, advanced through 
the mountiiiiiB beliind Ln Madeleine, and cirried every tiling Mure 
them. He now awailcd there the arrival of Perignun. The Spa^ab 
Qeneml Ciiurlen did not however nwait that jotictiDn, For finding 
himself already oulflanked, notwitlistitiidiiig that he iMd 141,000 nna 
will) him, he bent a hiat.V retreat, and abaiiduned all the forta OB Iba 
fight bank nf the Mouga, and retreal«d as far aa EacaulaB. 

General Sauret was not so fortunate in liis attack, for La Uiioa 
wiB prepared for it, and plaoed Ihe defences of Campinani undei the 
eomniand of his chof-d'^tat. Major Morla ; and while he charged bin 
to miuntain that post, be oi-dered Qeneral Vires with 10,001) nMd W 
fall on tlie right flank of Ssuret's ndvandiig column. lu tlie tnekti liOM 
the Fmnch General, in cimsequence of the dilGcnlties of the gnani, 
had divided his cotnmn into three, and theie not acting ~ ~ — *" 
concert, attacked singly the re<l«abu at Villarscoh and ' 
and failed agunst the Spanitili General BelviSfWho here coinmaniwa, 
whoae eoUeagua, Taranoo, bad equally slopped Victor's brigade at 
EspoDa ; and the Vicomte de Gaud, marching with rnmdi^, 
threatened to fall on Ihe French camp at Cantslop, which VietOf 
hastened back to defend. 

Thecontesthavinglaated till nightfall.l'ei.'ammenced with die dawn, 
Augereau a^in asralled the Sjianiab lel^ where Courten bad sBo- 
ceeded in rallying his fngitivea, and oU tlie oilier French divudas 
renewed their attacks. Dugommier, vho had passed the night ia a 
grotto in the mountuns, repaired nt four in the morning to Ifa* 
top of the Black Mountwn, from whence when the day hroka b* 
could see the whole enteiit of bis attack. About ten u'clock a AtU 
Blruflk his head, and he fell to the ground in the midst of hts aUS 
and near his two sons, who had accompanied bim. lie folt it to b* 
his death stroke, and said to those around brni, "Faitee Ml aivM 
de caehcr ma raort it nos soldats apres qu'iU achtveiil de Minpaltc* 
la victoire: aaiiU consulation de mee demiers immienls." Tht 
depnly Dellret immediately invested General Perieuon Witt) A* 
command ; ^uret loudly demanded assistance, for McirU and Anb- 
rilbu stood firm. All tlmt could be done was to ndianoe a brigkd* M 
check Da Gand in his hostile intentions. Notwithslaiidine all llw 
exertions of Perignon the French left wing was oblized to be «ilk> 
drawn, and tbeir right wing nnder De Guyeua could not ii iiiiuiwa 
the reraatanee of tliG enemy. Augereau, tberafore, called Dp Q«<Mnt 
Beaufort to his aid, and the great redoubt whiiJi covered ilia fonsdin 
defended by 1200 men, soon yielded to their asaaull ; the SpanluM 
were driven from redonht to n-dnubl, and at length tlralr Genii 
tallying the remains of bis division abandoned them witli all Ihik 
artillery and camp equipage, and sought protediiin nnder tlw gvM 
of Elgnerai. 

Had La Union taken Maria's advice to abaudun hit rvdouba «■! 

ti boldly against the centre and left of the Frenoh, ha inl|iW 

D got possession of tlie high mad to Dellcganlc, and cut uff «oi» 

'~'~ " ' ;lit whig of the repu blican army ; but the Spatllsfa OmmiI 



fffil.] 



ANIKII QENKRA.L LA UMIOK KlLl.ICJI. 260 



H'lwl hi* npirartunity.iuid PvrlKTuiiiniiwMw lilKnifimtnit Aiiilnvuiltol liiiii- 
|| lalfDrit. On tha aoth, nl four inlhoniuni)ii)[,liti«>Tit riirwrvnl Au|t«< 
Mwi l'> ktUok tliB rsilDulit Lm(]b1 Rouif, iiIbihhI oti tlto gwM Ciininft 
UuIp at I'nrt ilni Moul(nu,M)ilBH|tudi«rCliabiiri tuMnftuliiheeiinip 
Kt Llcni, whiia n dclw)hm«ut wm ■ml furllicr to tlie rlRht ftloni tb« 
toad tram CluWlla. Tlia Adjiilnnl-tivnenl Bon icidtnii forward th« 
chmaciirB rtomiM Ilia Mau||>, whioh wm up to tlirlr nfotn, •tnrmail 
the liill nf GuuiIm, mid took thli fDrmldatila rcdnulit. mvOtvd wltli 
mmiuiiry and annvd witli twgiity.tlvii jtuiit; bnt CagJuBl ind Oodujr 
dvfvndod it bnvaly. La Uiiiun ovim uu at tliu mnrnvut of tli* 
aiwiilt, and Id llie act of IrwliDjt an attuik afjalnat tlia Fnineb WM 
■truok dead with a ball. Tbi< SjiniiiHli tmupn, at aightuf thcdaalh of 
th«lrGBnan], Hcd, aiidtho I'untu it"! Mullno wai neat Hlawl by Iha 
mvtmy. A diapuui aniH botweon the I'liiico do Muiirorto and tha 
Marquia da Jaa AmarlJInii, a< 1u lliu luvctuloii of onnimandlnn la 
hUf ; but wliiJe Ibia laitlad, tbn lii'lgiidaa of Psrlnaoa and PuwU 
drlvKi nut of iho eam]) at Lloro, liaviiii oiily lima to nail tha 
tn batUry, and ttying, tliiy inut a reliifomHmaiit oonilng to 
■Id, out of Fl|i;v«ra*j lh« wliiiU onrpa furlbwltb ontigbt tba 
ihatioD, and ratiiniRd Inlu lliat town pall-niell. Tlia Frenoli laft 
rbg, ttaini; tho tuocaaiaa of their oumpaidnna un tba right, now 
~ luublvd thair elTorti^ and taking piiancaaiun of tho Intrariohintnta 
St. Gamanla uid Eapolla, carried by atortn tht raduubt* tit 
■atmillana, and othaii^ alttrr n ilunmua raalalaDoe. Tba I'ranab 
B^who Iiad taken iho I'utitu dal Molbio, waM moved tn tbair 
he to (kll nil thu nar iif tliii wIiik nl tlw Spniilarda nt Kaltrplla, 
1 Cnnnt !■■ Anmi'lllaa, wbii liail H*iiuiiii<d thu oiiniiiiaud, dfltrr- 
Md tB abaiidutl tliu ciamji at fitfiK'niN, and jpive Goi'ima ua tho 
9i to Mitraat uiiiiii t li" tlirn mivild hia own way by I'aralada, and 
.Mlad Cnartati to iioviir tliu retniKi'iuta muvoiiiciiia of lb* ixwi uf 
fawiny witli hIa corpa, anil with tlir aaralry of Lluntanaul-Oanoral 
bdfanwltn I Uqnlardo, witb «I00 man and HKIU linna. waa dlraoMd 
B.tidwpiBt In iruat baiM M tba k'io d'Oriola, tn acuura tha bHdn 
»mt Ilia riurla, at IJaaeara. Aiijcariau Itnniadiataly InvaaUrd ¥i- 
jiMna, In ■l>ii>li wura oollnitait il niara niob of fugtllvaa of all 

— - wlihniit dlHiiiiilbm and wlllioul laadura. 
■Kinfiiin ri|{lit uF tba Hgianlab anny, undor I.luut«nai>t>[)an«Nil 

Vivn, wax iuiiiiriiiit of all tlial bad aouuri'Hd on Ita liift and ovnlrv, 
llil with tb" ■iiiiigi'anM undar tho Harqula da (land, uid the brl> 

- '• nf Taranoii, w«ra at Vllbtniflull nod Rubua, koc-nl^ biifiil 
autftanklnH llie Frtmch laft win|[ under VIotor. Iiiij>|<ily fur 
Miian aldH-de-eatnn from AmarlllaarBaobed ihain in iliii>i inoi'ilur 
m la fall baok on Muainranb i and Ibii Frnnnh ardiiR il i Uium 

larMlre tnnirJ nnd fdl upon tiiMin, <.'.,•[••;■ pd.m <>• nlininliiii ■iuiik 



lMia,an 
Mntiol 



270 GUADALOUPE BETAEEK BY THE FBEKCH. [a.B. 

The loss to the Spaniards in these encounters was coDsidfflrable ; 
10,000 men are said to have rested on the field of battle. Two other 
generals besides La Union fell ; thirty guns and two colours were the 
trophies of the day, with an open road into the heart of Spain. The 
French loss was called 700, but was probably greater. Perignon 
was aware that Figueras was a work of the famous Vauban, and 
capable of defence against any number of men; but with re- 
publican boldness he ordered a summons to be addressed to the 
Governor Andrd Torres, and in the night of the 23rd — 24th he got 
possession of the town by the connivance of the inhabitants, and 
shut up the garrison in the citadel. The Governor hesitated at sur- 
render, but after a negotiation of two days consented to enter into 
terms for a place garrisoned by 9400 men, with every requisite for 
a siege. The King of Spain, indignant at this cowardice, oi^ered the 
Marquis de las Amarillas to place Torres under arrest and insti- 
tute a' rigorous inquiry into his conduct; he was tried and con- 
demned to death, but pardoned. The capture of Figueras closed 
the campaign in this quarter, and the French found themselves in 
excellent winter-quarters, supplied with every requisite of food and 
clothing from the well-provisioned towns they had taken in a rich 
and cheerful district to the south of the Pyrenees. 

42. Wab in the West Indies— Guadaloupe betaken bt the 

F&ENCH. 

The West Indies this year were marked by some singnlaritiet. 
In San Domingo Sartlionax had proclaimed a general liberty to all 
the blacks who would acknowledge the French Republic. The con- 
tests that ensued in consequence between the proprietors and their 
slaves, rendered this unfortunate island the scene of the most terrible 
discordance. It has been shown that Commodore Ford and General 
Whitelock, with a British expedition, had been sent to possess 
themselves of the capital, Port-au-Prince. A Spanish expedition 
under the Marquis d'Herenana, with the assistance of a native called 
Jean Franyois, invaded the north of the island, and blockaded the 
French Governor Lavaux in the Port de Paix, near Cafie FraiKoli. 
Here he intrigued with an ambitious negro, called Toussaint Loa- 
vestuce, wlio, jealous of the honours obtained by Jean Francois, 
from his connexion with the Spaniards, sought to advance himself 
by means of a similar service with the French. On the 26rii of 
June, at the head of a body of free blacks, he rose upon the Spa* 
niards and massacred every one who came across his path. General 
Lavaux was by this means set free, and immediately moved to 
oppose the British in the south of the island. Generals Rii^aud and 
Beauvais at the same time took the field, and obliged the blade 
garrison of Ldogane to surrender on the night of the Gth— 7th of 
October. In the month of February the British had got possesrion 
of Cape Tiburon, in the south. On the 25th of December, at day* 
light, a body of Fi*ench and colonial troops from Anx Cayss, 
amounting to some 800 regulars and 2000 blacks, and assisted by 
hree armed vessels under Toussaint, attacked the British eo r ye tl t 



1794.] 



NATAL WAR. 271 



merchantman called ** King George/' in the harbour of Cape Ti- 
buron. Finding more reaiHtanoe from the flhip than they expected, 
the French landed their artillery and erected a battery, which 
opened a heavv tire upon the ship, which she returned with spirit. 
At the end of forty-eight hours, however, a red -hut shot struck the 
magazine, when ** King George " sank nearly to her battery, blew 
up, and all on board are believed to have perished. After this event, 
Lieutenant George Bradford, commanding 480 men of the 23rd 
regiment, abandoned the works at Cape Tiburon, and retired to Cape 
Donna Maria, with all his force. 

The yellow fever broke out among the British garrison at Guada« 
loupe soon after they had captured it ; and it so happened, that at 
this time, when thus afilicted, an expedition which had been sent to 
the Windwarti Islands from France, under Victor Hugues, arrived 
on the 3rd of June, in view of the island. Informed of the weak and 
sickly state of the garrison, the republican chief took the bol(!t reso- 
lution of landing on the 6th, and stormed the fort of Fleur d'Eptfe. 
The British Commander, collecting reinforcements from the other 
islands, endeavoured to retrieve this lo8s ; but the ranks of every 
regiment were so thinned by sickness, and the wants of other 
islandH were so pressing, that it was no easy task to collect a respect- 
able force. Admiral Jervis, on hearing the state of affairs, arrived 
on the 7th, and Sir Charles Grey on the 10th disembarked at Ause- 
k'Canot, and took possession of the village of Goaier ; and on the 
2ad of July made an unsuccessful attempt on Point- li-Petre. Huguen, 
collecting and arming the Creoles and slaves, successfully opposed 
every attack, and after the loss of twelve officers and nearly 100 men, 
Grey quitted the island to endeavour to get reinforcements, leaving 
General Graham the task of recovering possession of it. When 
the season for military operations returned, considerable I'einforce- 
menta ai'rived at the island from France, and an attack was im- 
mediately projected against Graham's camp, at Berville; he suc- 
cessfully resisted all these attempts against him until the 6th of 
October, but was at length induced to enter into terms of ca- 
pitulation, and the whole island fell again into the hands of the 
republicans, leaving to Victor Hugues the complete possession of it, 
with the reputation of a leader of great ability. 

43. Naval War. 

On the 23rd of August a British 8quadiH>n of seven frigates, 
under Captain Sir J. Borlase Warren, discovei'ed and chased the 
Fi'ench frigate ** Volontaire," 36, and drove her on shore near the 
Penmarchs. Two corvettes in company with the frigate got away, 
and rode into the bay of Andierne, under cover of three batteries, 
which opened upon the pursuers ; but nevertheless the boats under 
Captain Sir Edward Pellew were dispatched to destroy the vessels, 
and succeeded, with the tritiing loss of six men wounded. ** La Ft$- 
iicit^," 40, <' L'Kspion," 18, and << Alert," 18, were bilged and scuttled, 
and their crews brought away prisonera. 

On the 22ud, off the Isle of Franoe^ the « Centurion,*' AO, Captain 



272 HATAI. VAll. [A-S. 

S. OalHirni, *uil Lha " DIoiueilt," U, Cnptain Matthew Smltli, i»*t 
eluu* Ui ft Frtiuli wiiumIiihi tiiim(MMiiiU iif " (.'ylidio," 41, " I'TudenM," 
m, " Jtuin BHt/'SI), iiiil "<^iurl«r," 14, uiulnr tlio orUDin <it Vnia- 
awdoM Jmui Mftrl* K«nkii<l, who M uticn ili'tiriuliiod til fl||bt tlM 
two Brillili *hi|'i. Tha flriiiK b«itan M 8.30 ; Din " I'rurlMit* " willi 



thn Crjmmudora'i flag ran ilnnnida th* " (^'iilurioii," rniil opooMl i 

Rn williin muakct-ilioi, wliich Id thirty mlnutri ven much damufd 

mill ■nd rimiing, but UiBload of bti«riliii|t, tlio Fivnch ahip wilk 



■virv (par ■taiidliig, mi In Isaward out d( gun-ahui i whan tk* 
'■C}fa41*," niiUiliii tall ilieail, o|iBnod flr* apon Ibo "ConturiiHi"i< 
Aa paMtd bar, aud broDj{bl duwn bar mlanu-topmaal, itii<l fi.ii'.ln|i- 
IftUuil-niaal 1 but tbo Uri(ii>b ahin nturnad tb* fli'i> xnl, ' .u-li ,..' >t 
•ffMt upuu her ■nnnj'o ri|tiitu|{. U>at aha aiiuld not [>i<m 
"CaDlurluii" ituok tu her ailvonkry unlil b«r niftiii>ii>i' 
nd aoon artiirwarila hi'r fura-topinul wora abot u»i'. 
thaliu, iiha not iifT and jolnud ttia " Trudanlu." ]i'<il> ri . i>.. 
mede" Mill " Caiilurlon " wora ni punuit, but tliu Iiiiiit uu Um 
Diueb wi^iudud tn puraun, and all tlis four vbhhiIi of thu annq^ 
earrylnn b« niiidi aall aa they ruuld avt, ataured to tin m* 
waroi tolluwoU and flrod at by llio "Ulumeid*," until Jiiik. Thi 

Freiieli CiHiiiuudi)m wa* wi dwl, and hia llrai nin! - - - • h— 

taoftutt kilUd, «Uh about lOU iix-ii. The ilrlUaU I- 
twwiy men Id tlie " Cvnttiriioi," wUlmul a •Injil" >'" 
tbv " Uloinedei" tha two Hritlih [iiinilniinder* walv Im^i. 
numlal, and Captain Smltli, i-t ilio " Uiumailo," wnn . 
nulorud lo hie rnnli on pedtjou | the iHUtanM boin|{ i-n 
be " uowBrviiii'ablo, and nuE la ha auppancd," 

Uu iho Uih of Nuvambcr the Cunlre.Amlral Nellly wtib At* V% | 
aallad li'uiu llrimt iin a oniiia to the wrali 
ward-bouiiil (Jpiirtii ttnot, uid tlm huih >I 
Iwo llrlliiili 74^, tlio " AlaoAMlir." I ..pi 
'• CauadH/' CaiXalii V'<wM \\„n., I1..1. I 
" CaDada," uid itio reumliiiiiif lUi " 1 In ' 

oomiwllod llio tww Hriii.h alnii" 1 |'i 

■Ullted by Iho " AloxaudtT " 

thi 

tiip-KBlUn 

(Jiipialii llU|[b iii'ilcrnd lier oiiloura to bn builud down, u 
the h'ri-iiuhniiiii : IiIh lina iu the Mtiun waa abnul tons 
wuunUed. The "Canada" jpit away, having autUiaed 
damaga. and raaohed a hnme port iu aafaly. 

Ou the 31at at Uolober, M dKybrwik, the " AMlbok," ■ 

tain Sir K. Pellew, "Artoi<' IW, Captnin ' 

" Diwnond." an, CaptHln Sir W. Sldmy W...ii 

Captain tioi)d>tlii Kmib, Ravn ellnae I" )i" 1 

IntWnaire," 4(1, L'aptnlii 'J'hdvenard, im 1 

off rniin the iaudj Blin wae tlinn engiii:"! 

ud defvudad iK'rerll with ki^*B "p'rli I'"' ' 

otbw frlKatiia nliialiijt, tlia Krenali crew niiiiri- 

lUe tbip, aud Captain Thdtonard atiuuk hia uoloura. 




i. Wa» 

Th* republion army, altliough driven b&ck icrasa the Waal, i 

!d their eflbrU on tho Sad of JanusTj' BgikiuBt the Dutch i 
img fiiitreu of Goreum, now esiKwed to an atuick by i' 
NMB the ice, a casuatty nnt con [em plated in its coUBtruc 
fBOe of Oniage liad dnily conflicts with the enemy, who aga 
MWiMiiii of Tuil aud Waardcnbiirgh on the 3rd. It waa tli« m- 
lUon of Walmodcn, with tlie uailed corpa uf Uundaa and Usiwig, 
|UT« attnaked the Franoh M du^tlght on the 4lh, and to have 
,ven ihcm ngaiu acrou the river, but at twu on the Bome morning 
OOtlytng wing of the 3Urd, poetvd at Geldcr-Malzem with eighty 
jnl^. Wat unexpectedly and vigorouisly attiaked by tlis division of 
Bneral Salni, and obliRcd to lull buk to rejoin tlieir regiment 
|d«r Colouel Wesley. The impetuaaity of the attack bore down ■!! 

Edition, and in u charge made by the French hnsMn ajtaiuet the 
Ih light dragoons, the llritish wen repulsed with the lose of four 
na. General UujjdaB, who cotnmnnded the post, immediately' sent 
Vot. IV. t 



274 AFFAIB AT OELDEH-UALZEU. [a.d. 

forw«Til the remnindBr of BuHuur'a brigsde, togelher wiih Lsnrit'i 
ovktr;, who chargAl upim the ice fl'iih great >pirii, pursuing ihn 
enem; urtr the frozen iHver u it liid been dn luid, and in thii 
■karry (he 43nd succeeded in ret&king the gans ; the French Tetnn] 
on Meleren, with what Idbb wm not known ; bot anuoig the BrilUi, 
Luirio, the Brigadier, and about nehtr men nere wounded, and Gn 

kiii-d. 

The Imaleroencjr of the seuon inrrcBwd ; uid the river*, estnuita, 
and inundationa tme an the)> hud never been knoHn to do behn*, 
«a that the whole countiy, l&nd and water, wb« one uabroken abeil 
ioe. Un the Gih Walniodeu gave ordon to the Briti^ uiJ 
niiveriariB to jiub the Levk ; on the 3lh they camped, rea^ 
their left im the Uuti'li arm)' ill Cuilemburg.and Ilieu- right nponCbi 
AuBtri.in eorps d'arni^u at WogrningeD. The Onin|[e partjr n 
Hiilland had already tent to l»at with the Frvnch General- in-Qiirf, 
who had haughtily answered them that he could only uegoliate at 
Amiterdam ; but the Sladtholder now retired from hia army and 
Bumtnoned a conference at Utreaht vith the British arohoBaadoraod 
allied generaU. In consetiueiice of their deliI>erBl>iiii8, and a alight 
oliange in the weather, which had turned to a thaw, AbenrorulM 
wae ordered to march with a conmderable force nf Britiah, on ik* 
8tli, upon Tuil and B^nomel ; but in the night the frost relnnMd, 
which altered all their calculstiona ; neverthelesa, as the onht* 
were out, the tn-ips mnrohed at early morning. Lieot.-Ciilond 
Buller, with the 14th and 27th regiments, found on his arrivBt at 
Buren a conaidemble body of the oneni]' in their front, and seat b) 
Lord Catheart for nuppoit, who immediately came ap with )» 
brigade, and Home Hulan horse, and pursued his march <ui Geldep- 
MalEem, driving before him the opposing forces into Buren-MalMm, 
situated on tlie little river Ling ; these endoBVoured to stop the 
British advance, but were overthrown with the loss uf a gao, and 
Lord Catheart maintained himnelf at this point till nightfall, having 
lost in the several encounters of the day three officers and tweli 
men killed, and three lieut.-coloncls and three other ofRcers wii 
120 men wonnded. Generals Ahercrombio and Hammerslein d 
not encceed on their side in reaehing Thiel, but Dundas assembled 
all his furcoH, with Wunnb'a Hesainns, and t-^ok post at Buren. 

On the 10th the Freuuli in several columna passed the Waal abore 
Nimeguen, where the river was not frozen, and the brigade of 
Regnier, having crossed near Oeg, moved on the village of Of- 
Heuaden, where the British and Austrian fiirces touched; tbne 
parting from one anritber, turned sevonilly right and left, aod. !»■ 
treated on Wageningen and Arnheim, leaving some mvn and guna 
behind them after a sharp encounter, in which the Sfith regimeiit in 
Conto'a brigade lost about fifty hilled and wounded. AbercromlHe, 
on hearing of this aflkir, immediately withdrew all the British from 
Buren, and inclining to his right to the aaaistance of Conte'a brigade, 
enmed the Ahins at Rhenen- The levaWisojw, wider Salm, Hao- 
/ donAld, tad Belmas, now crosaed (bo VJm.\ neax T\i»\, ftrmt^ 's 
faaierwith a Dutch division before Aem\ic3™4ftKta.>iAa-<.<s\4. 



'9S.'] TBI ■HITtBB EUBIUX FOX KKOLkim. 270 

S, Il0LI.tl(D OTUUVI NT THt PuRTICH. 



Tlia htm Cmintrin nnw ^elJed M tlieir lule: on the lIDi Ihe 
reneh took poMewion of Uoronm, aiKl «ii tliv 14(h of H«a*den, knd 
/illuinitiull WBi ■IreBiljr in iinminpnl iUii)i«r. Th* rrpiibllcui*, 
Uowins up tliBir lafloonM. droira bKok Waltnodsn trma RhmiNi, 
^^^« noir w|iarKUd lilnuelF entirely from ilie Du(«h hnnj, and fell 
A betwerai Anilialm ftoU Zutcheii, h thM on ilia 17th Utnoht wm 
mpltd bv Gfnanil Salm'a 41vlalnt), aiiil Vaudaniini' took pnniaMliai 
Amlitiin. Uii th* nmo iny Iba Htkdtliuldar delinred iolo tb* 
•da nr lb* Sum* Q*ntn>J hu rmi jiiatlnii of lila gDTorDm*iil, and 
ibu-kad forthwith tnim Saliweulugen for Bnfland; tlio Dutoh 
«pa fmnwlifttDlj' reiwivod ordan no longer la realai the Fmnoh, 
1 OB tbe 30th Piohegru antvrfd Aniatrrdam, nut Dnly by virtua 
lb* ■neoDB* of hia >m», but by the niean* of a popular mvulutiim, 

IbI> htd baeo got up by General Daeiidahi and his party in the 

Iptlal. 

OanddaTabln anxiety eiUtod ntnonj; the Britiah tmopi a* lo the 
'- of the H7Ih reajmont, wliich had been left in the garriaun of 
j«B-op-Z»Din, which waa now tii Im dellvumd up to the French ; 
ItiU reRlmant, oomprnmlaad liy llie defuction of an ally, wu 
■9«ily |iannitt*d by tlia ooniiuemra to ai>]iar)ila iUolf (roni the 
iiaani Kai to be ami back to Kngland. Osneml Bimneau wm now 
. by (ha republlvan General to lake ptiaiwuiiiii of the whntc of tb« 
lb M^joard, and having anaae««i*oly cupiurud Uerlniydenberg, 
' t, Mid Itotterdatn, he prooeeded to HcNoolalayi, where 
• atnall ipirrlann under a Ouieh ooinmandsr, one Stoury, 
iwn of therapubliuaa,and withhira there wereliOO priioncrs; 
Oovamor rooeivad inatnicljoiii to arm iIibm man, with whom 
toaa upon hia awn gurriaon, aiid twik all priaoneni, aninnnl 
wa the Priiiom of Salm-Saliu and Itnlixuliih*, and an aide-do- 
ll^ of Ueneral Clairfait'a. who ware all thnre woltins for a paaaage 
I Bngland. TheM were at onan diaiiatolKK] tu Paria to awall the 
pdninph of the Freooh eoiimirali. Many uiirortunate einlgrania 
<m la Holland at the tltne ol ita oocuiiatron by the H*puhlio, who 
* for their IfTM to AtURtardam i and, when that city waa takan, 
board the Untoh fleet at Texel. HUhar 



my ware followed by Iho French dragoona, whu not ouly aooured 
orth Holland, but tullowcd after tlietn to Holder. Hera «■■ 
btg loe-bound tlie whole Uuleh fleet, eonilatina of twelve ihipi 
' wu: Ibe froat had nude the aea in thia harbour aa Arm 
I (fat iMil, and ibe novel feat of ami* waa now here wltneawd 
I (lie llrat time in liintory : ciii tlix SDih of Jniiuary tha entire fleat 
' Hotlaitd was oaiitured by a ohar|[e uf the French cnvalry. 

S, VfilMODHH RICTIRKS BKIIIKD TDK F,KU> — TlIK llntTIUII ■KIUIUE 

I invMion niiil rHKiopfttiiin ut Holland by tho «imi\i'j ^WnA.''^ 
IritM/i ami /Jnnovomn artny in ureiA ^wvysxA-j. Ktv iM*^*"**! 



270 TUX BBITISH ElLBl^E TOR XXal.Un>. [AA. 

fnltf RMisieit the Preneh with » Iom of sonic twonty mon, bnt ttal 
nildnighl the whole Mtny wu ndthdniwn. It mc dolonnin*! !■ 
oscuny the l!ne of Ihe htct V«*e1, where Ihfl forlrmars <>( tlanlHtfb 
Zatiilirn, Davnutpr. >iid Ounpon niw lii>p«« nf rMiatano*, iixt ac- 
oordinoty th« miliULty Morm and •rtillvry w«r<r rviiiovrd fmn 
AmhiMni. but thn nek uid wounded who could not he romoved wan 
left in hoifiiuU U Rhctwa to th* rompuBion of tli< mrmj, lai U 
WctBd thom. The 

joi put In motion until •&« 

QMwnl Writmodcn biMke up from tli* YsmI, Mid then oontcnwd 
ibMUaolvaa wtkh camping kl Grvhbd, nil i\y li.mli'ii- xl' iIk' liumd 



tho tor, to wStbdmw Unir force* kU' . ">.'nl, 

>nd ImvIi^ flxrd on Brvmen f<ir the pi'it wtmln 

Biiiith Mid Hunovwiiin »miy nrtrrMwl jrmiiunllv nci >-.■* iin- dmd- 
All witta. Thty hud now ■ wrw enemy to enoounitr ; not only 
' WM (he vcitduT uiti ni«t wvDTO, and ih* npubltpLna mppianl 
to be In Tniimiit, hui tlie Brilinh hud. in <.'iiiiFici)iii i>,'" of ih* xa. 

fluwiM nf Praneh •miM<Mi«e, ■ ofWicinl"! - Kiitcfa , 

tBwn Md TilUfte ihrinich whtch Oh-\ ' i li.»- 

IilitiD«,it in Rite, «-«rr nunmitted, Imi ' .n ■■■■I 

dtMrrvim wu done that invMcntr n Tb« 

umy UbflumI nndtr the miv-) » v<ri ^-^ of 

the eicli uid v-mndcd wrrr )" ' . jilti i 

the WclMH-e ie a bare d».!i " ■ 'ifcly I 

• tuft, nf Rnm or soJitary si 1 1 • unw 

drifting <ne aiHiw, tvndepnl .: ^..mal, ' 

Ml iliat Dtmbcre ncriihcd iK. . - . : i^une I 

wore fAHrcn to death. 

Not an eiKniy hanpjty afpearvd iipoe thrtr Rwik, until the Ifllli «f I 
fdmary, «h*B (jvnenl U'almndMi had wtaMlihrd hia h—il I 
qaa)-t«i-> xl Mmirlw. »nil C.'iii i-ul Hitv-lhii-i lin.l tnl.i-« |'<»[ nI fh- 
B»l.i-i;.\ '■ - ' ....... ,, , , ... 



1795.] PRUSSIA. MAKES PEACE WITH FRANCE. 277 

Meynier summoned the foi*tre88 of Bourtayes, which was imme- 
diately surrendered by the two regiments of Salm and Rohan that 
formed the garrison. Moreau at the same time took possession of 
the castle of Bertheim, where he captured 600 men and some guns ; 
but the state of the weather after the thaw rendered campaigning so 
unendurable, that the pursuers got as tired as the pursued of 
marching up to their middle in water across cheerless swamps, and 
hence gave up their further contest. 

The Prussian King was at this period in negotiation with the 
French Republic to effect a peace ; but although it was a sad weak- 
ness (of which that State had afterwards grievous cause to repent) 
to desert the coalition of Britain, Austria, and Russia against repub- 
lican principles at this period, yet, from either a feeling of gratitude 
for the subsidies she had received, or a natural generosity for the 
old allies whom she was deserting, so it was, that her army under 
Marshal Moellendorf marched at this moment into Westphalia, and 
arrived on the 8th of March at Lipstadt, joining the line of the allies, 
which was then concentred behind the Eems; the Hessians and 
Hanoverians in the centre, at Lingen, and the British on the right, 
towards Embden. By degrees these last were relieved in their 
quarters by the Germans, and fell back behind the Weser, where 
their transports awfdted them; so that on the 25th of March the 
British head-quarters were transferred to Bremen, notwithstanding 
some remonstrances on the part of that free city. The embarkation 
forthwith commenced, and on the ]2tli of April General Harcourt, 
having brought every thing British on board, embarked in the 
" Andromache'* frigate, the fleet put to sea, and all the vessels reached 
their respective destinations in safety. A small corps of British 
troops, however, remained on the Continent, under the command of 
General Dundas, but had never to contend against any enemy, and 
were withdrawn the following year. It deserves to be recorded, that 
the suffeiin^s endured by their countrymen in this sad cartipaign 
were not only sympathized in most cordially by " the gentlemen of 
England who live at home at ease," but donations of every kind, and 
especially of warm clothing, alleviated the rigours of the march ; and 
consoled the poor fellows exposed to the most severe privations, with 
the assurance that they were cared for by their friends and country- 
men : but the Greeks who returned under Xenophon from an unsuc- 
cessful and hard expedition into Asia, were not more transported at 
the si<;lit of the Ionian Sea, than were the well- deserving soldiers of 
Britain when they espied the crowds that met them on their native 
shores on the 8th of May. 

4. Prussia makrs Peace with Fbancb. 

It was very nearly on the self-same day that the British left the 
Continent, .that the Republic received its first acknowledgment from 
one of the great powers of Europe, when France ratified the treaty 
with the King of Prussia. Her friendship was now sought after, 
and other alliances speedily ensued with Sweden and the Grand 
Duke of Tuscany. But the British minister, Pitt, was not appalled 



~^3i 



278 8IE0E AND CAPTURE OF EOSAS. 

or ttbskcD in hia fKiUcy ; he redoubled his cnergipB to obtain allSet on 
the Continent, in order to carry on lU<> ci>nteB[ ■|>siDs( the FrptKh 
llepulilii]. Russia wob induced In conclude nn ollioiiee with GnM 
Britain and Austriii, ind rortbwilh sent a fleet ti) blookade ttu 
captured Dutoh fleet in the Texel ; and the United Slfttea tmewed 
their Irealy of neutrality with England in Jniie. The lunRiltm 
uf Naples waa aleo added at tliis time to the cunfederatiou agaiDtl 

6. WlR IN THE PTRENEES — SlGOE AND ClPItlRE OP IloaA& 

The cBpture of Figueras rendered the Frvnali moBtersaf thewhoh 
plain of LnmiioordBn. and piiBliled General PerignDn tn undcrtaln 
the aiege of Ruaas, where lEqaiordt> wna in garriBiin with 4000 DMIt 
having in the port a Spunisli lleet uf thirloen i>hlpB of llio lioa, «oai< 
manded by Admiral Gravliis. Kosaa wns a town only •urronudnl 
with an old double wall without a dituh, but was completely ooiD' 
manded by its citadel, which in Ita turn was itaelf overluoked by dH 
furt called Delia Ti-inita. Several sanies had bran made by ihi 
besieged in the conrBe of the previous month uf December, bal th 
beaiegers gut (wsseBuau on the 1st of Januniy of a height oallod 
Priez-boQ, wliich enabled them to lulence the guns in tha fori ol 
La Trinibi, Its also to command the fleet in tlie biiy ; niid on iha Jd 
the Spaniards, tindiiig under tlicae circiimBtaQces the furt uatmaUo 
evacuated it. On the ISih the weather had became sevon ben 
as well as in tlie North, and all the works of the aiege were HIM 
with annw, and the troops kil led by the cold at their |><«ts, M ibal 
on the 2Stli the besiegers were absolutely obligjed to atop Work ; lull 
they had already SBtablished eleven balteriea aijaiiiat the plioe, Ui 
these wera enabled [o mamU-in their tire. On the 31st I 'e ri gaflii 
putting himself at the head of an assault, took posaesaliin of aU tti 
outworks: and a practicable lireuch in the inlMior was effvett4 a 
the 2nd of February, uhen, in the night, the nrrisnn embarkvd ii 
■atety and evacuated tlie place altogether, of whiuli the Prcueh tool 
iwsiession, together with a rearguard of about 300 men wha oonU 
not get away in time. Umitin, in command of the Spanish amy 
had his head-quarters at St. tUtevan, behind the Fluvio, during In 
whole of the siege, which laated seventy days, but did nut aCir I 
flnger to disturb the upet-aliona or make any atleinpl to averl iki 
tall of tlie place. 

Nutwithstanding his succese, PeriKnon was now aupersednl in III 
Domnuind of the republican anny by Scherer; but before he ipdiUd 
the army be resolved lo establish his quulera in Catalouik. Aoeort 
ingly, on the lat of March two columns passed the Flnvja, tho AM 
under the orders nf Augei-ean, ennsiallng of SODO infantry and 3K 
cavalry, marched ly Bexalu, on Bngnlnls; the uther with 4D0B fM 
and l&O horse under Sauret, crossed the Flniia al Basccra, withoBI 
impediment, but after the march of a league wia »nci>untet«it ti] 
two Spanish divisiona under Cueeta and Iturlgaray, wliu, ate I 
aharp uoniesl, furced the Franch to recross the river. AugutWI 
fOUDd no enemy till he reached Semia, where ho cnconiil«r«<l ft put 



795.] evtQS AKO CjLFTUBI os hosas. 279 

'tbediviiiaiinfVivM,uaderlheo«niiniindiif O'FBrrill. TheFreunli 
ok U|) an excellent {MBit ian, and General ChorlM wu tent farwnrd 
piiuit til? Spuimrils, who ndmilly led tlieiii olt from tbeii' atri'iig 
rannd, unlil about llirae u'elock Cliarlet (banil hitiiieir in face of ui 
■tin diviiilon ou the plain. Augvreau, hiiweTer, auuii cuudh u|i, and 
te BDgagQiDeiit cammenced immedioltilj', when t)je Fiviiuli tried In 
ain ti) bivBk the ceutre and ieft of tliB Spnniarde ; but aoull per- 
liviug O'Farrill advancing a body uf cavatr)' uu thoir ieri, to cut 
tam off frum Seniia, (hey liaatity retKaisd, leaving bohiiid thsm 
noe priaoaers. Tiio followiug day Augereau heard uf the chuck 
lat Saurct had ox)iericiiced, ovauualed Brzalu, and gnt hank io 
U Iuwt« UI ihe Freiioli cBiiip. Sclierer now came lu take (he com- 
■and, and the mt of the mDnlh )»i>8ed in mere remmnaisBance*. 
The uew GHncwl Scherer had n uiind to ■Jgiiallce bin command 
gr a dash at Gernua; and accordingly, on the 2Gtli of April, he 
Idcivd General Cbarlet to threatsn fniin Ihe Cordagiie aome of the 
Boaea of the niouutuius that led ilowu to the Spanish damp at Cain- 
redon, and while he bimaeir Diovod un Baauara, Augoreau dd hia 
Igllt WBB la force the bridge of Euponells, nnd Sauret waa to Cndea- 
MW to grt acniaaa lord of the Fluvin,al St. I'edni-Peacadnr,ou (ha 
ift. It Imppeued Uial Ctnint Ui'Tutia waa mnklnR a genera] recun- 
Miaanua of the ennny'a line at the monifUt the mpublicfuia put 
hemselvea in niuvomeuc tu efiuEt tlieae objects, and sarpi'teed the 
^ghl and ventre culumiia nn thsii- march. O'Fnrrill with 13,000 men 
, already acroaa the Fluvia, and immedialel; sent forward the lead- 
biiKadea of Ariaa and La UumagQa to check Scherer's advance ; 
Augeruau encountering hin old adveraary, the oulumu of Vivea, 
__ . >« it acniaa tlie nver, and obliged one o( the Spnniali hattaliona to 
lay down llieir anna. The fuliuwiiig day the French agun advanced 
pad elrarcd both banks of tlie river of tho Spanish trodpa, wlia with- 
drew Ibcir advanaed poeta into (heir intrenched camp at Col d'Oriola. 
Xlie Giuiit de St. HiUire, with the SpanJah cavalry, took advantage of 
bia opportunity to fall upon the flank of the column of Scherer, on 
tbeir march, and foree lliem back upon Baacara. Aogereau main- 
tained hia attack againat Tives, unljl the Spanlah Geneivl njuved a 
lirifade or two fri^m Bezalu to threaten hia rear, and the Marijuia 
de la Romagna at tlie aanie time moving upon Creapea from Vieert, 
the French inude haste to return aci'OBa the river. Sauret found 
hiniMlf Blopped by Iturigaray ou llie left from ci'oaaing the Fluvii 
but kept up a light for aia houra, without reiiuU, until the Spaniah 
General sent forward some cavalry under Colonel AquiiTif, across 
ithe fbrd of Turella, which induced (he repuhhcana Ui recroaa 
' rar and march hack to their camp near Koaaa. 
On Die 26th of May two Spanish alii|is of the line and three 
fiHfpitea, with Bdazengun.boate,ap|>earcdin thagulf orKoaaa.and the 
French General-in-Cliief considered, not without reason, lliat it waa 
the prelnde to aa attack upon bis lines, and roaidved acoordingly 
to anticipate Ui-rutia's hostile iatsntioua. The ijUu Bd,<i<f(^ U^ 
lima wua, that Augereau should Ioteb ita ■jiBJKSt.it* <* 'ftss V«a-». ■»»• \ 
.Asoani, whilo Scherer led itie tobiix \ioi^ »civmA"to» V«5>*"^e«'™ 



280 HIEOE AKD CiPTtTBR OF BOSAB. [a.D. 

down tho river M VBlvumlle and Armcntera. Tho first mrt uroH 
witlioni difBaulty, and deployed ]ii» Imipg in Iho vnlUj of St. Anna, 
when GsDeral Ariuoneneil ■ h envy fire upon llierepQblicnnt from the 
Spanish heavy bnttenca dnring this operation, and si the nniB tlni* 
Rent ■ strong funse with light artillery to cross the Pluvia at the fori) 
of ARuya. to threnten AogerFSu's left flank ; this had tile ImnieditI* 
effect of inducing the French GenerBl to wiclidraw, snd the Qiuitar> 
muster-GenerBl O'Ksrrill immutJistely get himself in hot panoit aflw 
him, while Vivss and L& Romagna pushed with the oavidry of Cmnt 
de St. Ililaire aeroas the river at Calabuix. Sohcrer fortuPAtd; 
escaped the danger ho incurred from carrying the main fime of hhi 
attack into this cal dt tae at the embouchnre of the Fluiia and tbs 
sea, which might have cut him olf entirely from the rest nf hia anaj. 

Chsrlet, still in command of the delnched ciirps in the Ordagns, 
although always under orders to Bssiat the movements of tiie <Dm- 
manding General, atlempled notliing all this time against the Irfl 
wing of the Spanish army opp<«cd to him, which at this period h*A 
been reinforced to SS.OOO onmbatants, and therefore wu not *«iy 
assailable by the French division. That with such a brce tba Couat 
de Urnitia slionld have been idle may excite surpl^se ; but the 
negative merit not to be beaten by the republicans seems at this iivrial 
to have been regarded as the niHfli¥ni mnnh of all Spaniah Bneosn; 
no wonder, therefore, thni a mmplete innctian in buth ni>l>08ingiirniies 
in the Eastern Pyrenees now etiHued, and this continned till July, 

The Spanish troops in the Wntem Pyrenees oconpwd their own 
line of frontier at tliis period without molesta'ion, having Ihsir 
tight beyond the valley of Ronceavailes at Orbaigetla ; Ihcir ecnira 
in the valley of the Bastan, and their left on the pasws leading down 
into thu province af Guipuaooa. The Count de Cnlomern liad ben 
superseded by the Priaee of Castel- Franco, who had especial ordm 
to defend every approaah to the capital by way of Toloea. Genml 
Mnuoey, on the opposile side, wna preparing materials for tho liqi* 
of Panipeluna, under the engineer Mnresoot; but havilig h*«a 
weakened by an epidemic which destroyed many of his aoldiu*. and 
by a detachment of SODO men whom ho was ordered to send IS 
La Vendtfe, he was tat the moment unable to resume nffenaive op*« 
rations, excepting by some iiironda of no material cunsequences inH 
the Biseaynn territory. Liciitenant-Geneml Crespn with the left 
corps d'armfe of the Prince of Cast el- Franco, occupied * podlliiB 
in Biscay, behind the river Dcba, from its mouth at Uia M* lo 
Bergara, npon the Camina Reale, but he was completely aepaMuil 
from the centre under Lieiitenant-General Filangieri, who dsAodsri 
the puses iiit» Navarre at Talmui and Lecumbery. Crespo'i pM^tloa 

was principal ly occupied by 10,000 militia, but strongly ■-• • 

with rednubts and artillery. On the 28th of June five or mi 
lalions, under the orders of General Raoul, marclnd from hit 
at Vxiar, forced a pasuge across the Debn al Saslola after 
resistance, and captured nine guiis; he was now able by Inclining H j 
his right aflnr crossing the river (u crown (he heigliia of Uonte* 
that look down npon the sea. At the samo time General Wilkrt 



PV95.] SIXQB jIND OAPIOEB of KOSAa. 

h Um battallatii mnde an fttleinjit tii miri'Ouii'l tlie rt 
pR, but wni uul furtlmr aiiuGeiiiiriil llwii in riirviiiK 
rgora Into ■ new poiitloii nX Mordn-KOii, wliunoil 
l*n*nl eovvrtd Bvny ipprooali on Vittoria. 
GvMnJ Muiiowjr, ill ooiiovrt with tliia attack ngiinab Cr»i)ii, hftd 
nnuwd ■ vtTy mbtile movstneiit ot troopa fi'iiin tlia niimutMna of 
lliEa(«TMi,iti(ird(>r la fall uoon tlie rowofriliingiei'i, wlilla Bnothar 
■Dninii uod«r Moris ahuuld ftdvnnoe ngaiiut tlin S|>nuuihQanenl fntm 
DloMiMid Willot Mid Mormu wsro nnwbrouglit down upon Lcoum- 
o ut upon tha llanha ; liuC tlic tipuiiard waa nil le bg oaucht In 
m tnounialna, and tliH lihil wn* lliiwii tmfiii'i' tlii> Pivncli aofuiiuu 1 
batod t1i<a oimililuDd ui<l uimi|i!i 
p*r,ti)ilijnwaurtPrl1iurBtrKaliii){ ■■• 
I rniianbiiuH, mill aamu ii 
y itruujc puaitioii, 

ht at U»io.l-]anc>, holding li'uiv. r.mi. 'I'lu: SpanUi 

vavar, rrllnqulalied tliiapual lu ihv :,Hi„-'.. >>i i;> iiiviil Mcrloaf 

no hard flgli ling. Tha brlgndn <>i' l'i<: i, m :i[i<'in;itmi{ to U 

■• gnna, woa aatonUiad by i)m> »ii<i<1i h ji|i[ii uluki' nr Spanl 
TbIi^, under Uuutainuil'dniicrnl lioniiHituM, >> Im Irll iiiior ~' ' 
d Dun Vwitum Kimnhri" r™iiiin ..]. mi iIi.' iim-< with hi* „ 
n, foroad b»th Ula'iiK'i i>ii<l lliiri'-]"> i<< n lim. In i^'utlntt tltstr 

IrMt lh« Frawh Ml i> liioi'il.'L', I'll! Willdt huarini lh« flring, 

N Up tn (hair aid and i-lii-<'],i-il rii KruiL'ii of (ho Bptuiiaida U 

iUi Tha Baaquc ruMu-rn oi' nLiiiitii! now rccovarvil tham- 

tai and roturnliin tn ilio ntiiiuk foil n\u>n llio onom)', whom ■'~" 

Bl<d enlircly, whau Flluuglarl withdraw hi* army to tha left 

tCh* two Spaiiiiili dividona tliu* ki«mina aquiratad, and Morn 
vnad bask to Fall upon Croapa, On iha ISth tlio diviiiun 
'tUol wa» tent along thu auuthsm fitca of tha muuntaln la a( 
> Spauioh Qvnenl in piwiiioa near SkUum, wIiIIo lUoul 
tarml forward fium Urrragiil. On Iha ISlli ilia laft of Croi 
nr, oommniiilud by Hnn'n ik 'I'l'last, waa attacked at tha vili 
Brmua, nml iiTti'i [n'.lni; ihitiixiii gun* driven all tha waji .. 

lUreal. <ifiiii:L[ Si-inli. Livl^j;; I, 1 puahad forward, avan antorad 

d Vilhirlu.:.. il» i;m, I ..".|,<,, iliiduiK hlioavlf now out filTfrom 
• city, |ii'<iui|>tli ririr. 'I II], .111 Hiii'niigo.whorDhafuund tti« fronoh 
■"inil Uiw-i-iti Miili nil (nlviiii,',', u'hum he drav«oul,*nd eontlnuad 




ihani- I 

III 



dkeetiuDt on the 17th, by way iif Orduna and Miravalea, i 
WiUb Oenenit Snding h'inMlf urfraiwl, made gnnd hia ratr. 
leorbO) relbnulahlng M h\» inillliiry abinu at Ilurango, u w 



maKh OIL DiJiKin. Muiiwy noDurdlngiy puraued after hita hi I) 

..J1 .; L. ..... ^ y,^y „(lif^- -■• ..I--.-- - 

, <Mlf 

-- . iqulahlng ill hi* mil ^ — b-. — . 

^----- witioli had bean ukan pwiomiiin of ut Vitluri* and Bilbfl 
ami Qlgonot waa ktwpinu walah all thla time over tile dafoi ' 
IK of Qenaral KiUngiarr, who wm atrongly poalcd In tha 
Itere Digonel allBcked the Spanlih Oentnd, on 
and afb^r aome auceeHea at Krat WM Rlfaolaally atupj 
ina bUloliona aalled "of Afrlua," undar Dun Auiiiithi (iaynr 
I Uau tenant- Culanel d'Alongua, whu fhned baek the Freneh, 



m 



BIEGE LND CAFT17BE Of BOSAS. [jLD> 



loB of both these dintineiiifilied offitwrn. This Utter let of 

wu miieh sppUuded in Spain, and ihe Klnz, to remrd this 

Rkllanl trnwp, onierf d e»ery soldier in rewire Bn ewutchenQ of hoDnor 
to be worn upon hia UFl arm. and the regiment ta iiiBcHbe "Olli- 
requi" u|>Dn their caloura. Moncey nnw left tbeSp*Di*h Ganclsl lA 
ty M tn as he could, and poucentred all hia rorces at the PneeM da 
1» R*7nB,f T the urge of Pampeluiui, for which Hareacot had alraadj 
ecniimeii[>ed hit preparationa. 

1*0 fuoutha and a half of tnidBummer woro nnw pnaaini; ■*■;, 
when the uecesaity i>f obtaining aupplies for his troopi^ of vbiM 
he had completely exhaiiated the Llobregat, obliged Saberer U 
malcH a foraEe atross the Fluvia nn the 1st nf Aaguat. Umitin had 
remarked thnt Scherer'e policy appeared alwaye to be to tfarealMi 
his wLnga; accDniingly, to prerent this, he sent a detachment to 
oecnpy the Cul de Portell, through wliich the Freneh muat pan lo 
attain the paeeiLge of the river st Bezalu, while he erected etnng 
battoriea to defend the bridge of £s|H>nellii. Scherer, becoming tag- 
niramt of this mnnceuvre. placed Htme hatCaliona in ambuscade. «lM 
nauglit General Virea in the mounlaina and naariy demolished bioL 
The Spanish Generals sent Cuenta acmm the nver In Hustaio Vi**^ 
while the Geiienla Arias and La Romagna were ordenvd In aMak 
lish themselvas <ia the heights of P'-ntoa and Armadaa, the roa> 
aetaion of which bad midered the French mastera of v«ty art 
anTOBt the Fluvia. Tlie Count de St. Hilaire wu already in bat 
pursuit of the French cavalry, on the chotiBs^e to Figoeta*. wtm 
SchcTET brouglil up Augerean to retake these heights Ann lb* 
Spaniards, and having accnroplinhed thin ha drove the Spanbnk 
back acnias the river. Urrulin soon discovered thai thee* attaoka at 
hii left and eentre were only blicda to the real object of tha Frandi. 
Satiret had CRHsed the Fluvia n t Villa-Roba, and had in th* HMW 
time driven back IlurigBray> wtio now sent to his Commander-b- 
Chief for reinforeementa ; but before they could arnvc, the Fmdl 
had got together a quantity of cattle and 300 carta of corti, wUh 
which they pnased safely back across the Fluvia. Umlla now 
determined tn drive the republicans out of the Ordsgna, and haviaf 
aurprified General Charlet'a ontpnets, the Spnniards eol ] 
of Puyeerda after a cannonade of s couple of haurv, and 

It had been well bnown in both armies Ihat IheManinia d'Yranda 
at St. Sehaatiati and the French General Servan at Bayonnp, wm 
in onmmunintion with a view lo negotiaUana fur peace between 
the two nations. The Spanish King, with hia anny dobatn) In 
Biscay, and not very aucccuful in Calalonia, was too happy to llalaa 
to terms of accoromudation, which terminated in the treaty of Mia, 
on the ISth nf July, when (he Hepublie waHacknnwled)l*dby tbaOw- 
tilian Monarch, who ceded half the Spanish portion of St. Dominia 
in return for hia conquered mountain passes. The gpaniah Pnanii* 
Duke of Aleudia, minisler and minion, brought about thin treattv, 
and was complimented by the title (almf>Bt profane) of Principe M 
la Pax, in which chofacler he ii sadly known lo poslerity. 




NATAL WAH. 
-Anumii. HoTUiH'a VitToav im thb 

Tlie navy of France was itill very ntrong: without reckoning the 
■hiiw iu Toulnn, tliere were dirty mx sail iif llie line Hlloat >E the 
beipnning of thie year, and tlie Frencli government having tw they 
Lhauglit nutliing tu feoF from tlieir enemy on the ItalisD eids uC the 
Alps, delurmiDeiJ on a conjuiiEt expedition to racoiiquer Coniea, 
With tliiH ubjeot, un the last day of thu old year, tiie Brest fleet, non- 
■Utin); of thirty-fiiur mil, under VillDret-Joyeuae, in the midat of the 
petuliai'ly severe winter.stood uut to lea to repair to Tiiubn. It had 
MBKrly sEnrtad l>efuro it encountered a gale, in which several of 
tile abip were damaged. A secund and much more IremendouB gale 
overtuok diem on the Saih of January, after they had made shont 
16(1 leagHcH from Brest: many of Clie sliips ran lor safety iiifn the 
Freueh |iorla on the shares of the bay, while others got so injured, 
tliat on the fii-st days of February all tliHt could were glad to return 
In |iort, very much orippled, but witli about 100 Britibb prizes in tow 
wliieh tliey bad overtakeu iu tlieir cruise, iueiudiiig the " Daphne," 
80-giin frijjiite. On tlie 94lb Admiral Renuudiii, with such ships na 
were found seaworlby, in number about twelve, was acain dispatched 
to the MediterraDean, and these reached Tonlun in Bafety on the 4lh 
of April. 

The British Mediterranean fleet of thirteen sail of the line besides 

IMgatea and sloops, under Che command of Vice-Admiral Hotham, 

r bad been up to tlie middle of January iti St. FiorenzoBay, but on 

-"-« Olh tiiey quitted Corsina for Lej^lKim. As soon aa intelligence 

■cited Toulon that Hotbam was at Legliorn, the utmost exertiona 

:• raada by the French government W get tbe expeditions forward 

.r attempting llie recovery of tbe island. At length on the Srd 

Kof tUroh, it sailed with tiFleen aail of the liue and three frigates, 

tivins soon troops on board, under the command of Admiral Martin, 

■rith tlio Civil ConnaisMry Letoumeur. On their passage they en- 

r^Countered the *' Berwick, 74, crippled and under jury-masts, wbioh 

WW immadlalely attaokad by ■' L'A-lceste" frigate. Captain Lotoil'e, 

wlio 0[ioni:d a broadside upon her within pistol-shot. Captain Little- 

John, tlinugh ill suited fur a eontcBt and notwithstanding all odda, 

punisbed the temerity of tbe Fretioh frigate by a broadside that la 

representod to Iiave dianblud her; but in the next fire of the Frenoh- 

[' fcaiii a bar shot took otf the British oaptain's hoad, and the flrst 

h|Jtou((inaDt ordered tbe "Berwick's" colours to be struck. Tbe 

Hffi«-Admlnl dispatched the fast-wuling brig "Tarielnn" to St, 

VtrlorollM with inslructlims, and followed himself with his Oeet in the 

tlial the French fleet had changed its course, and was steering to 
''' ' >t instead of tuwards the island of C'unica, and there- 



284 STATE OP 0PP08IK0 ABUIEH IK FBASCE. [A.D. 

iif encli oilier, the Franeh gtanding iii for Cape Noli, which ma 
followtHl Knil ouie uu »ilh on thu cout ••( Ihe P^ente ofTAIUHO, 
on whioh Ilijthxn tlirew out the mgnal fur a Rrnenit diaaa, which 
WM prornptl]' compliad with. The French " C*-'!*," 80,hBviaynni 
foul of another SO-gun ■liip, uid got her own fnn> and maiiMopmail 
logged, the "liKwneiant,'' 38-)[un frigate, Ciptnin Fremnaiille, nn 
Ujp to her within muskat^hnt, and poured a brMdwde intn ber. | 
Th« Vieo-Admlrai on thli ordared the ** AgaTncmnon " tn attack tha 
"fa-lra." wlian aaveral Franeh ahi|« bnre down to th* pnit«eden 
of Ihair diwbled onmpaii<D>i, and at the aame lime the " Bedford," 
Captain Gould, and tlie " Rgmniii," got intn aelinn with the Pmek 
ahip« ••Tiinnleun." 74, W)d "Sani Ciilotte," ISO, the flwabiv Of 
Admiral Martin, wlio liad, liowever, rEmovefl hii lUjc t« am '*ni- 
ponne " frlual«. The " Sani Cnlutte," by anrne iniinnanagniiMllI, gi< 
aeparated in the night from the Unit, and A'tminil Jjunin a^D 
reTDOved hi* Sag l^m (he frigate In the " Uixjanme," 74. Tbt 
"Illiatrious," 7*. CapiBin Prederrplt, and"Ci«irai[eoiM," 74. Captain 
Montgomery, aucoefrded in bringing the Frcnuh Admirsi in the 
"Duquoene" la clou cjuarters the follnwing morning, when "Le 
Tonnent," HO, and "VIcUiire," 80, came up la hia aid. In Iha 
enoDunter that fulinwed, the two BHtJsli ebipa got horribly niaalcd, 
but at length the FreDcbmsn pwiied aliead. In the esrlim- part of 
the fight the "Cifnieur" hod come up to the awielana! nf the •• g*. 
Ira," and both tlieee ahips were now itlacked iij tlie " Capbun," 
74, Captain Reeve, and " BodFonl," 74, whleh were tn crip- 
pled by the Frenah fire, that hnth were obliged In mgnal lor 
■adatanoe, and wore lowed swny from their opponr-ntx: but the 
French ehi]ia could neither of them move, and Admiml Harlbi 
wBa obliged Hi length to Intve them to their fate, when he otfled 
•way. 'i'hey both aurrendered, but full jnRioe ww done b;* tba 
firlUah to the galliiDC defence made by their caotalne, Deooit and 
Condi. Vice-Admiral Uotham now taking in tow hia diimiwled ahlpa 
and Ilia two prizes, bore away for Spezia Bay ; and the French 
Admiral proceeded atraight bi tbe liay of Byeres, where his Beel, 
rediieed to eleven sail of the line, remained at uiobor under the 

Eroteclinn oFtho batteriea; and hia flag-ship "Suu Culotte" having 
ere rejoined him, he reholiited hia flag in her. TIra British Vice- 
Admiral was proniuled to be Admiral for tills action. 
7. S»TE or TnK uppoBino Abhies on tub Frdhtiehs or Fsikck 
All ideu for the French conqueat oF Coraica were now fnr the mo- 
ment pin aside, and the newly formed Committee of Public Safety 
were desirous to push forward their Forces across the Alps i aa soon, 
therefoi-D, as the troops were disembsriied from the fleet, they wort 
nnt frirward to strengthen Kellermann's army, who wer« redneed 
to a wretched condition at the cloee of the winter : 10,000 nick were 
in linapilal, from the effects of fever, fatigue, and the want nf eueatlal 
eomfotU. The effective men did iiot einrat 20,(100, but Ibeae ooen- 
P'ld nil tho posses from Vado ani Co\ » lonaB v> '%<tiitA -to. ^ 
Bernard. The alUea, on the other Viana,w(«e ^\i.\T>% k&xuiU^ lA. \ 




FAOIFICATION OP LA VSITDfiB. 

t>Ut tlie rortiRcadona of Cheriiwin, Aui, nnd Moiidnvn in 

of derenae ; and deducting all guTiiioiiH tlipy liid 60,000 

fieli), SarcliniiinB and Auatriona. Tlia livturr, under ihe 

iinmKLid of Bsrnn de ViveH, uoaupiud llui Bnci^liDtta, anrl wntclied 

anm bntl tiiv Ftvncli arm)' fruni tlipncs to the Taiiaro. 1'he Duksi 

_'Ac«(«u»l Moutfevntt in soiiimBud of ihc furiUDr were at 5iiu uid 

The HTTniei of Mni'eiu, Jaurdun, and Pichenu are pot down 
u CQuating •Itngellier SOfl,000 men ; and fluslied with vjolnry and 
nicccu on tyetj Bide, it niiglit have been Hxpected lliat under sucli 
enininanilerii they wuuld liave Ihwd alert in ikii enriy Gaiii[«i|{n : but 
the KH|iuUio wHH at tliis evenlful moment nearl)' bankrupt, Nutwith- 
«biuOi|iK llie deluBO of aeeignata that liiul been iBsued, the ariuieeweie 
in want <if Diotliiiig, unmunitian, uid eupplieii, and »1I that «ould tw 
MWinniiliehcd was ilie ineulficieat bloaliade of LuKenibai*K and Hv- 
en««i both of vbieli places hiLd been utmngly gurisgned by tn* 
Imperial! Bla, when the Fniuiane marclied liame after the^ had 
~~"'~ ' their Utrma nf peace. But after tlie defootioa uf to ntHii}' of 
laller ntataa of tlie Empire, the AulJo Ciiuncil could add but 
nunilwm III lliH fiiTOiHi nt Aiutrin, and tlierefore ni attiHttiiat t 
u tMult of wimt Great Urltain inigliC dri For the Dinimiiin ouse, 
»'«■ resulved by the IniiieriiiUata on tlieir aiilu uIbu to ndlivre (u a 
tmmie poliey behind tlie Rliine. 

Tlia republican eoldiere were iialiirnlly deeiruue to cnjoj' not only 
-jpoae, bat winie of tlie hlnndiBlmienta of ^lory, and nuinbere now 
:dM*rted to their family hvortliB, witliiiut any very elringoDt moa- 

> bclnK adopted to gel tlivm back M iheir eanipe and ijuarters ; 

llieir ulHcera, and even the lleuerals, appear ID have fatkeo 
^■hanleg* of llie prevailing oalin Li> fuiliiw the •aiiia vmrea. It HO 
Mppened Uiat Fi«h>([ru was ■ nntive of Franohe-Ciiint^. tlie ad- 
ftmoit province to Alaaon, where tlie Prince de Cond$ with hi* eorjie 
I aiiuftnuit* waa ([uartered at Mulillirim. The rutnouF reMhed 
b« Fnnoa that tlio oeiiquenr ot llnllnnd wee dUiaiialied with tbo 
•llry paymenie he received in nuBlgnaia for hii high conunandi which 
lid not in hiat cxcued lUO franca lit epeeio per month | and that be 
ran a diuolule follow, giviug himwif lo wine and wumcp, and 
■very dcgniu nf i-npenne'. iiegiitietione were accordingly entered into 
with tin) gi'iiiiililinjj General, throujcli the meane nf a noble Alaaclan, 
'*"! Count lie Moiiignllliml. and it baa nlwayt br»n thought thai the 
lubiloaii'i) fldvllty wan ihakvn by the olTtir of a inimlial'a biton, 
I Eovemment of Alaaoet and a coniiderabie eiiin of money in 
fatida, and penaioiii. Ilia Bubiequeiit eiinduiiC juatifice Iheaa 
■pmnna I but while evmtaare In (irDgnaH, and before the eampNign 
nunenoca, It la doaicablo to turn back again to the lUtD of tliinga In 
iVandtfo. 

B. pAL'iricATio.T or La Vaiiiifa, 

Ciniitlud the wiedom to sod that the time had arrived when it 

p%ht ba [Hiiuilbin, by Tiiunna ot leai|i«Ritu proclaiiiatlnn, to win back 

"' ~ V«nd«Baa tu iliuir fidelity. Tho dlMeiuiuna of SloWel and 



280 PACIFICATION OF LA TENDfE. [iuS. 

Clmrette ofTered ti iliis limo » ready itiennH of makiu); priiral* offtes 
In Hoh leader wparntely, in onli^r In briiiit nlHiuC kii ■aeoiDiniid>- 
liiiii witli thvni ronni.-ctlveJj'. Tlie siAirr nf Cllfkreltft ww ««l««t«4 
M inlvrniedUry with Iiiiii, uiil kfur > iiliiirt period the chief wu 
bmujcht to ROUMtit bi a in«i<tiii)t ■with tlio cnminimrira of the Con- 






roy&liace ; but Stnfflet, wlio hkd nut birn ooiu>ult«l by Chuirtte, vh 
not diiDowd to suniB inb aoy tcmw ta utop hontlli^aa; and whll* 
tha Al>b< Bcrniar wu Itii ouuiiBellar, tlirra ufipiuuvd little chusw ^ 
dMlIng with biin : liis brnrory and oonducl Und nnderod hitu Tarjr 
pnpuikr with tlie Veiideui«, *ai lie stiJl ret&liied nunj adberanta, 
SIiitHet iddreBwd an nn-ogti-wt procl&nifttia& drtwii np by the AbUi 
And culled tin the Angovlns to rally round liim, while he dnnatUNM 
Cbarelte KCid »1I the p&niBa to the ti-esty nf Nanlea >■ tnJton to 
(heir rrliitioo lad kiii|[. The troupe under the cumtnniid of Gontnl 
CanelauK were iin nied lately orilei^ to Brivsiice *(ninsl ShitHet, and 
oitine up with him before he had time to organixe hia furoca nfar 
Thouara, and (ntally routed him. The ohief snd the Abbt! ewaped, 
• and repaired to La Jaunaia, bub fliidiug tlieiaulvM too Inte tbei* 
any nejtotiatiim, they placed Ihemsulvea at the huad uf 



Richard, Ae., who had signod tlio treaty to satiate their penDiwl 
reienn Upoa them; aud allhiiugh theae cscapvd io time, tboy luft 
bahind tbani their hunipe and tbeir eflectai which were rullileaalj 
plundered. Aaoiher oA conredenite, Pruilhoinma, was eauglll by 
them, tried, oiindemiiad, and eiteoiitadi Qenenil Gr<>a, with b d» 
taohmenC of troupe, woa aent ivfter these flrebnuids, aiul dmee 
them befnre him thriiUKh Clialoiine, St. FloveaC,aiid Brlasno. Tta* 
roynliata were For a momeat aucaDaaful, uid in the eonlliei (Jenetal 
Bordan waa killed. Enoourajii'd by thia auaccaa, SlotHet attaekad 
the truopa whn had tnkeu St. Fliirent f>am him, Inil woa repulsei^ 
and only owed hia aafety to Ilia liorse and hta deep eiiuiiingi Ai 
' lensth means were found to ojien iieitotiatinn* with the Alihd Bennn^ 
nna now oonvineeil of the utter liujielnamieaa uf his frieud'a furthw 
realstHnoe, the wily ouiinwilor aeling for him agreed tn the tfMf 
of L« JhuiiaUi on the 30th uf April. The repiihHean aoveniinanl 
honoatly fulfilled their aUpulations tu the people of La Vond^a, bu^ 
notwlthatanding their eonecssiuiin, the attachmeat of tlis dlairlu i» 
the ro^al nauaa and llie intriguoa ot tlio BriUah minlstora M la 
Hueli ail Inliniiite nnJ eniitiniial corrvapnndenee botwaan tha laMr> 
gaiila anil the emiKi'nniA, lltat about the 1i<)lh oT May, 0000 of tJUM 
ainin aBixBd their nnns anil invuated the tiiWB Of GtUldahftDIp^ 
I uf the oliiflf* iiT tha ClunwoH 



I of the trouty of La Jauiuio, in order that he taigbt keep allva 
tha aaeda of inaurreatlon in Bratagno, but the vi^lanoo of the lapob- 
liewi GenemI fullowod him up ao oloacly, thai he was surprised •rilh 
— M otben and aeiied at the tiar of Keouaa. At tha aanie mumetil 



WdS.'] EMIOBAHTS DEFEATBD AT QUIBEBOII. 2S7 



ThtTflCte and StoHlct again a[ipear«^ on the Held, recoacLIed by the 
iBuence of tha C.iunl d'Arlois. TliB Chevalier de Silz, Uuhinagny, 
t«oreea Caduudal, and other Cliiiiutn leaders aC once look the Gom- 
luiiT Df the inaurgeiiU, The Unt immodiatsly attempted to take 
'knnM by aurpriie, but Generul Hocho wia on tha &lert, |iunued, 
fttltad hi* band, and the Chevalier watt wounded and taken prisoner. 
'he bttor adranced to the Niirth ae far as Faugerei, where General 
lucDbm di»perBed them. The CoLint de Paioaye had been far auine 
iniB In England, to try to muse an interest in the caute, and the 
(Tset of hie exertione was at this time made known by the reparU 
lial had benrane ourrent, of a ctaiaiderahle eitpediticin being momea- 
■rily expected to laud on the ceast of Bretague, 

9. BBfriSU ElPEDITIOM TO QuiBUnON — LORD B&IDPOKT'S NtTi^ 

Vioionv oi'F JsLB DE Ckois, 

An eipeditino had been for some IJ , , 

EogUnd. wliicli was intended to have coavciyrd tlie C 

u aud an army of emigrants tu La Vendue, but the pneiKcatiiiiu, 

Itn which tliu republican goTernmeiil had entered in the early monthi 

' the yMLT with the chiefs nf the itiKarreetion, almost put an end to 

a design, and certainly delnyed and e)ian){ed the nature of it. 

>werar, the flattering aceouuts at the emigrants and a deaire to 

■DinelJiing to aid the royalist catue, induced the British minister 

persevere, and an expedition under tlis cummuid of Sir Jnhn B. 

. Bireil, oonaisline of three line of battle Bhi|>s and some Irignlei, 

BVillK 3000 ur 3000 Preiioh emigrants on Iward, with eighty pieeei 

t artillery and 10,000 stand of arms, commanded by the Coanta 

■ Puiaaye, d'HerviUy, and de Sonibreuil, ijuitted Purtamauth about 

ie middla of June. The Brest fleet was on the alert for it, but ai 

ton M Warren lighted it ha dtspntehed a fast-sailing ship witb the 

* '" lice to Lord Bridpurt, who on account of the ennlinued to- 

'hi uf Ear] Howe cummanded the British flel^l, and uhojiume- 

responded to the call. Tho Bridili and French BeeU oanut 

... of one Buother on the 33ad, the Biitiih fleet koapiag between 

ixpcdition and tha enemy : in this way they proceeded off 

de Croix, wben in the afteruoiin nf tlie S3rd the fleets came into 

s Mtiun. In about two hours and a half the " Fotmidabte,'' 

,laia Duran(l-Linois,''Alexiinilre," Captain Gniliemet, and " Ti- 

ti," Captun Bedout, struek tiisir Dolours, when the Admiral 

rUlarM kept his wind, and carried sway bin Heet for aheller between 

~ls Isle de Croix and the entrance to L'Orient. The Briiisb, now 

iwlcra of the ses, kept on their course, and on the 26t]i entered the 

I; of Qaibcron, oonaidered lo be line nf the fineat harbours uti the 

■Ml d France on whieh to land, an army. Tlie British in this 

rilUut liltUt aflkir lost thirty-one killed aud 113 wonnded. The 

m of til* French is nnknnwii, hut the casualties ou board the prixea 

BM amouiiled tn nearly 700. 

10. Fnkkcu Ehiqrint Atiur defeitbd it Q,iiiBKitoi(. 
Ob till 2Tll<, at daylireak, the iroapa were landed and marebed to 



ngbt of 01 



288 KMIODARTB DEFEATED AT QUtBXBOK. [l.S. 

Carnao, where (icorgn Cniiuudal lind brnujjlit n divinlnn nf dinuMit 
to nirct them, A> >oon n* It wb* known ihnt tliu expoilllinn liid 
uTlTwJ, tliv Ciminniidaiit M Aurkv, a few m\[n dlntaiit, ttniwdit 
dnniii Hum* ISO men to the ulinre, bnt flndhig thniMHtlvM uii*i|H*rw 
pNV*iit III* dlii«nil«rkMi»n, liiey roltrad, hiit were mc ii|i{in hi tlidr 
ntrrnt lif ■ iHidy of (:]inu>iiiB, and narrowly ekcapm). Tbs CoiuU 
d'Htrvilly t«<k thw nmiiiitiid of thi vmliiraniii, nnd having ik. 
tritmtvil Ihr nnn* nnd vliidiinfi Mnung wioli i-t lit" [leMMnlry m uim 
to the royal aUindBril, he round himwlf iit thi> hi'iul of about I2,6W 
Fmnchraen, and nnw aitviucrd into tlie cniriitvy in lliree divblnnt; 
llie right, undrr the Cnuiit DabaJi-BBrthulrjt, marched on Aunj, 
whUh the repubUcana Bbandeuedi the left, under the ChaT«ll*r 
do Tbtchlas, on Landavoiit ; and iho third, under the Count da Vanbui, 
. Matad In reinve at Mondnn. Hating tliua eaiahliahed • lint dI 
advaniwd pnala, Count d'Uervilly dntramlnnd tn gat )JoaMiMiou of Iha 
tort PfMliUvreiailuated i>n an omhirncei commnndlng thoa|i|iroaDbia 
in ih(< lltll* iwuhiaula of Q,ulbenin, wltirh wnh ftorrlKintiil by ibiinl 
000 man. To aaiiat hi UiIk ntlark Ilia Hritixh Ailinlinl Mnt about 
SOO marinca and auma )[un< hoata, and on Ihc SUth, ahvr aevon huun' 
ooutcal, tlie fort oapitulated. Ae often 1in|i|ii-iir in Ihrw cxiwdltioii^ 
a diapule now uvbo between ilie tno lenilorH, MM. de I'uianya aBil 
d'HcrvlIly ; the uno dnrired m advance iulu the oountn' lu ronaa 
the Toyaliata, tho other deaircd to remain nnd fortify their lauding- 
pla- 



Oii the iiClivr hand, tho repuhlioan covemnient waa not idlo. 
Talllrn and Iliad •nm deputed liy tlie Convention to raiiair to La 
Vondee. Houha, who hiul dlBlinguiihed Uimaeif au i 



eampaign In the Vuagea, and anui'WDi'da »a narriiwly iwjapad tin 
repifhllean meed for military eucceea, the giiillutine, had hoeii init In 
tho plarn i>f nniiHrnl Mnrlinii at the end of the previuua JMiT to 
ooninii'iKl Mil' ii»iiu'i."'iii )>''"^'>i'^"' ^e immedintcly withdraw nil th* 

militiin IhIlhhI ilii- Vil;, , punl jdai^ed liU head-ciuartera at Rtmtm. 

Genuiil 'liiii.'i. "Ihi f..iiiiiiii!nied at Brest, waa ordered to tslw 
poat widi 411011 iiu'ii III (^iiniiiiT.BndGKneml Vailetoauxwaanuutibwl 
to rioermol, and every outlying detachment was eailad in to Rwuiw, 
On the iird of July (Jlial^ol waa enabled to puah lAflO light trocp* 
under Qwoeral Joaiiet aa far forward aa Heunabon, wlii'u they fall 
111 with the Ciiouaiit nnder Tinteniae, wliu meivud tlia repubfioHM 
with flrmnaaa. and druvi^ tiieiu Imok 'hi JuHeliu; but having no 
artillerv witli him, in aouMquenee of D'Hervilly'a obetinacy, ha ooold 
at lioid hla ground, aud hie Chuunns were put to Hlglit. Vanbui, 
n infomiatlun of lliia elieck, prepared to advinae to tlia mipporl 
of tho fhgitivH, when he heard tliat DubDia-Bcnliolot had been la 
lilta muinar nvorcome by Oonural Romana, and tha leader dan- 
gerouaty wounded; uncertain, lhorornre,an whieh aide to move, he U 
length aent forward 9D00 man tn tho aaihilanee of th* left oolumsi 
but finding tliem alao in retreat h* fell baolt hlmulf ou Maadon, 
^ Mod Ibe/ice to i'Joermel. huahahadadvuioMonlWItUuf Juljr to 
'jW Hllat-k of Iho mytiiliaUi, in a yuii^i*"^ >^ &^. BuAw, KtAVnw^ 
ticoi Imck,and thence drovo llieni nVoni,- V\w iiMTim *»i"\«*a«i 



170S.] £MI0RAHT8 DE7KA.TBD AT QDIDKUON. 289 



In furt I'Biitliiiivre. U'I'lorvill)' fuli-d tliu futluwitiit dn; to diiilodge 
llie ro|iiil>lioatiB from tlie pwitiun tlioy liail xmnimod, wliicli ofl^ 
toaltj' iirxveutad kII cannnunintion nf tiie Invuiora witli Ibc intorlw, 
■nd iHtiirird (Iimd up iu the narrow poiiinBulBofQuibaron.but Hoehs 
had not tnwpa aufilcient to tntko !urtbor hmd, uid went bkck W 
B«niwa to Di^DJU) further prococdiiin. D'Hvrvillj' it length lis- 
toued to the tv))reaeul»tiniis of De Puiwyn, uii 'lUOU man wat* 
Mllb«rk«d Rod Kilt hy water lo tiAcxe»n, to fnll nii tliu riMr or thi 
loft of the repubticaiiB, uid 3000 iiihii vava mint aft ill tlie i>|ip<«i(« 
dirtottan, to Gudcl, neiir L'Uritiiit, lu fall (in tlie rear uf Ihvir ri)tht ; 
and il WH tilaiiiied that after four ditjs' interval the truop* at St. 
Birbe ahiiulil Im drireii bacli and an union vfTeGled at Baud, o ' 
14tll. Tlio fiinner datacbment had lonKi ■uaecH, fnll on the tnwpa 
of Romnna, at Muaaiao, on tiio llib, Mid thou marehcd round by 
the wood of Mulliui up«iii Klven. 

On tlio Ifttli iha aeoond divlaiun of tho expadilion uuder the oideia 
of H. de Sonibreull aDohorad in the bay of ^uibemii, and he brouRht 
th* ordera of the Count d'Arloialliat PuiuyeHliould talie thii BU|irBiiie 
flOBinaiid, with tlia I'ank of Lieuteuaiit-Gflueral. The troniia buliig 
howavar on inareli fur ilie atiaek of the rapublicanit at St. Uarb* on 
tb* liillawiug day, the Hew General did out thiolt proper lo defer thti 
MwdIi for tha iliaemharkation of tlie new divisiou. The number <4 
Umip* on either aide was about equal, but llie poaitiou of St. Barba 
had bean in the iiiU'rval oaretully fortifled, whieh itave the r>pub< 
Umm great advantaHo. On reaching the fout of tho hill, tha 
KiyiUata oneounlored General Humbert, wlio retired bernre than 
nntil four batteriea wcro uiimaaked at pistul-aliut, which deeimalad 
tbe ueailanta in front and flanh. D'Hervilly pUeed hiiaaelF al 
their head and led Eliem tn the charge, but tell murtally wounded, 
whieh ao dlihenrtenud hia fullowera tlial they lotreated, leaving tive 
gutiH in tlie haiida of the republicaui. Nur would tho eiuigraat 
tr<fopa have been able to reach tlio fort, but for the timely advauM 
of tha Count ds Vauban and (be unnunitting Hre kept up by fl*e 
Britiah lauiiohiiia, each aniiod with a heavy earronade, which awept 
tlie ahoro and foreod the ropublicana to give up tiie pumiit. The 
•xpeditloD of Tinteniao had a aingular r^ult. tie received tlu-ou;th 
--— • of the leiideii of the insurrection an order from tlio f"-'-'' 



ootninittaa at Puis, tn maroh nn St. Mulo iiiatmid of Baudi and waa 
■BBurad ha would receive his further iostructioua at Coetlogan. 
Aooordinglj' ho altered hia courw and marched on Joeaelin, where ha 
met Mid routed a republican detachment and proceeded to Caetlogaii, 
where he took up hie poet ii) the garden uf the chatenn on the ISih. 
lie waa followed by Geueral Crublier, from Jouulin, and after short 
rrpoae he was uttaokcd und obliged to defend himself there, and in 
the flret akirmish wae alruck down dead by many bullets, and hia 
followera were all taken or diaperaed. 

Sonibreuira diviaiim landed on the 17th, and took poet at the 
village of St, Jnlien, but diacord at a,U kvnda aX \<'a«»\iT<i«A <i<^«c&H«t, 
tbe uoop»i deeming De I'ubaye a CV\oMMv\eiiA»st, 'Ca* mKvpMW 
woald not Mfcuowlodgo liiin aa tt\evr %c>wni, ^aeswfCtfwv itaw* 



290 ZHIOB&RTB DBIKATED AT QUIBZBOIT. [A-». 

begui In tliin the rajolist ranks, and tretchi^rv revealed itself 
in the fori PenthUsre, where Hume were in direct cDiiiiniii>iG« 
with Hoche uid tim republieao leaders to eaireDiler Ihe fort. Tm 
ser)eAiil-inBJi>n «ho hiul deserted frmn thence arriTsd M Hocbe^ 
bead-qusrtcn, gave kdovlpdge at a b^-psth uaiug the rocks leadnf 
to the furl, and infurined the G«iienil that a partj of the gdnwna 
wilbia it were ready to rise on the first appearance of the tronM. 
An asrault wks accoi-dingly ordered Ecir the itiJth, U eleven at nigbl, 
when amidst the howling of a pelting itorm General Hoche and iha 
eomtnisaaries proceeded to scale the works. No sooner had thqr 
entered than the traiton within turned upon their officers and nui- 

of farther resistaiue, withdrew the garrisan from tlie fort iota Ik* 
peniosala; lliere Sombre uil, awakened b; the noise, joined liin h 
the darif behind the village uf St. Julien. Hoche did not Imb m 
instant, but learinitwo battalioiu to guard the tort, ho Mlackml Cba 
emigrants before they conld form, who gave way lo the shore, vban 
they were enabled to re-form under the fire of a BntisU abiop, tb* 
"Lark," 34. M. de Sombreujl, however, saw nolhiDg left to hkn 
now bnt to uak terms, for he had not the means to re embark bit 
men in the face of an enemj'. He therefore came forward Id pemM 
to Hoche, and asked him, in a desire to save French blood, tliat b* 
might be allowed to embark. This was refused, and h« then faa- 
plored the General to let his poor followers go, and gave up im 
sword. This gallant young royalist was carried to Vannca, triad. 
condemned, nod stiot. Eight hundred emigrant prisoners are mU 
to have been soon after put to death in a mndow near Aursy, wUcfa 
is still held in high venenlion by the people, who call it, " Le cbanp 
dea martyrs." 

Aa soon as the gale modent^d, the British frigates worked up t> 
tile south-east |>«in[ of the pentneula, and there receiied on ImMiI 
the Count de I'aisaye and aboot 3500 of his followers, manv af 
Vrhom the Admiral afterwards at their own request disembajfced 
again at L'Orient. The mi^aziaes and clothing for an arm; «1 
40,00(1 men were alandoned to the conquerors, who alao capUn«l 
six transports laden with provisions, that arrived at Quibenw aA«r 
the floet had departed. The broken remains of the Quibemn «sp^ 
ditioD took possession of the Isle Dieu, where they were shurtl; jnnad 
by the third division of the expediliou, uoder the Count d'Artoia is 
ponon. An effort was made by the insurgents nnder Charetta n 
join it there, from the Sables d'Olonnea, but the activity of Qaoanl 
Hoche prevented this. Severa.1 partiaJ insurrections oeuumd U 
this time in Brittany, and it was thought desirable tn put the litlls 
island that had been tbus snddeDl; occa[ded in a statv of defeno(« in 
order to contribute to keep the contiguous coast in a slata of cs> 
eilemeut aod suspense, that would oblige the repabliosn g minimal 
In keep considerable forces tir the protection of the adjoining fwai 
But from this time the cauM of tha rojalisti dccliued, and aftara 
■ months tiie BntisU govomment withdrew their (arcca (ram An 
f Dieu, and brought Uiem all Inck to England. Oeorgea CadooM 



I 



1795.] MAIfHEIM TAKEN. 

had lomo 2000 or 30O0 Chouana in Brittany, Cfisretto 
lo seizs a. camp at Pallan in August, and Stuffiet 
reiDBinea somewhere eonwalud, but. not jiacified. 
11. SuanBsneR oe Luxehbuim. 
At the commencemeut of thin uaitipaigu the furCified cities uf Lux- 
emburg luid Muyeiica alane retiiBia»d lu tbe linparialiHtB un the left 
bank ot the Rlibe, uid Geneml Jklorsuux with the army qf tbe 
Mouelle inveetad the one, while Gonernl Miohaud with (he army of 
tUe Rhine iarested the other. Field' Marahol Bender was Governor 
of Loxemburg, having under liitn a garriaoQ nt 16,DU0 men, with 
tbrea i;euentl otHcera, and tbe place was armed with 500 pieceH of 
artillery. It wae auomioned on the laaC daya uf January, and Bume 
bfttt^Hea Bocceeded from time to time in throwing heavy abot 
into the phuie, but the guns uf tlie fortresa reaiated Buoceaafully 
every attempt to raiau batletieB witliin ttiair rauge. At the eud of 
April Uenefal Hatry Bueoaeded Moreanx in the command of the 
inireBting force, and after a fresh sninmonB he delermioed on the 
iMnatruotion uf an ambutant battery of wood, thnt should be armed 
with mortars ; an attempt from the garriaoa to destroy this machine 
failed, and at lenglh a terrific Sre was opened from it upon tlie cily, 
to the great diamay of the inhabitaula. The old Marsh b1, finding hia 
•upplisB Dearly sxhauBtiid, listened to the prayer of the citixena, and 
prnpoaed a capitulation on the 5[li of June, in conae(|uence of which 
■9,396 men, cavalry, iufantry, and utillery, laid duwu their arms on 
La gUcia of the place on the Ttli_. 

18. Thk RgI'dblicin Arhieb ckosb TnE Rhine— MiNHElu taebn. 

Bat Mnyetme still held out. Geneml Wurmser commanded the 

btpariaiiBta upon the Upper Rhine, and eatabllahed his head-quartera 

* Friboorg on tbe 23rd of Anguat, having under him 79.fia3 men. 

lurai Clairfait, with an army uf <M,tHe men, defended the ap- 

laohel by the Lower Rhlue, resting hia right on Duaaeldorf, which 

■ garrisuaed. The Cummiltoc of Public Safety, tired of the inac- 

ily of their armies, at length prepared for their entrance upon a 

apaign, and ordered Pichegru atid Jourdaiii lo get their forces 

tucadior (counting an effective array of 144.450 men) to paas the 

BEIob on the 0th of September. It ia conaidered that the most 

bvoorable point to select for the passage of a great river. In fMo 

of an enemy, ia one where the stream turning sltarp in its courae, 

admits of hattorieB to give the gre:ateal amount ot their tire ujion 

the opposite bank. Tu Dompliance with this principle, the point 

•*lMtod fur lliis paasaga was Urdingen, whore, added to tbuie 

•dvantageB, tliere ia a amall ialaud in llie stream veni convenient 

fel aid Ilia canatniotion of a bridge^ The Fronch armies had been 

" )i along the left bank of the Rhine all the spring. Jourdain 

KiDblad bis fnrcea opposite Duaneldarf, near the point when 

(0 eroaa, and Pichegru about Cublentx : the latter waa tu en- 

r to furm a bridge at Ihs Weitsenthurm, near Neuwied. Th» ; 

w witi a n d in chief appears to have priDEipally rested ut '' ' ~ 



202 UANHCtU TAKEH. [aJK 

wha mi)>lii}'ed two distinguished ofSren orUieutiihrj'uiil inginiiMi 
to pTfp»n the pHWKe*. tienoral Kliber, *ith three dJriMda*, pi»- 
pared to eron at llrdlD;^, and Count iJ'Eriiuh, undrr HbMmI 
CUirfut, eommanded the Anitriaiu oppoMd to him, and had ttlmi 
yerj eoojidt-nhle worlu to defcDd any ptatage of the Rhiiw at tU* 
point, but there wm a gnat defii!ienoy of gun* in ihem. RMk* 
ordernl tlio dlvialon of Lefobra with the nacm nniltr TUtji b 
marah U eleven at niKhl,aa tin Olh ot SvpUrmbttr, and tbeygMla 
th* boala prepared for Ihem alGhihelkanipiiio crnat to ITh i ir iJieiMiw. 
without any olMtaele, aud oroMwil over to turn the pomtim at Ce«( 
d'Erbaeh, who eumnwndiHl iba riglil wing or the AiutfhMa at tiri* 
point, and Lefehre wu ilireetcd to hll duwD alterwarda tm tta 
AnsfT^h, which Orrninr wm alno to attain after pmaiOK th* il«w 
at Urdingen. Oeniml Cliampiutmet had been xent np tbt rirer Brfl 
t<i git together aa many boHia a* he could oolleel for croMiaK wM 
hia dl*iiian oppiwite l>uHH>l<lorf, and everv upwJM of float bMbaH 
obtained in mueb Hoerccy ft'om the aide of Holland, 



It Urdlnipin and KiL'hi'lkampt. The AiutHana,oii hearing 



etZ 



haata the poet tbvy had (.ilabliihed 
jmtiiig the paaaage* of tlie alreani. Lefebre iharefnre aent EvrwaiJ 
Uenxnl Datnaii to llie aiIMli,*ibor<iret(l ihepaMage.butwaa wmhM 
liy the Iinjierial eavalry at Aii|tennnnde, whom llwy renuland I7 
f'irtiiliig arjiiare, and tlie republican* at onca tuitablialiBd iheniacfvea 
aeroHa the Rliiue at Angermunile, Grenierwaa inuuli iinp*d«l hj 

Auainana 

Th< _ . , „ . - 

a il'annAi with their artillery were acrooa the lUiine on tfaa Tik. 



General Cliamplonnetwaamuch retarded inhli nawHge, bntatleMlk 
nt (ieneral Leenuid aerow the river at the embouehnre of the Crfl 
3 Ilamar, witli dircetlona to advance from thenee 



gnt (ieneral Leenuid aerow the river at the embo 
10 Ilamar, witli dircetlona to advance from the 
on which he opened a heavy Hre frmn the left liaoli. On 
Baron Itompnwh, who coramauded the town for the Ktfntat 
Palatine, haMeneil to aate it from de'trnetion by an inetant aobiBi^- 
aion to the repiiblieane, who accordinjtly eutercd it llie aaiDe day. 
lI'Erbaeh now finding the euemy naMer of the atream with Dnaaat- 
dorf ill tiia banda, retreated with alt hia foree to Elbfvfeld, ■arf 
Nilbwii|aeT)tly to Sohoelme, whore he united himaelf with the eof^ 
of the frinoe of Wirtomberg, and ihey coniinned to retreat aotca 
the Wipper and the Slog. Jonrdain having got hia force prtt^ 
well together, lent forward Noy on the flth, who eamc up with l>u 
emigrant eorpaof Rohan at Opladln, and drovo llicm out of a rvrfimfal 
in which they had been left 10 defend the paeaaga of the WI^Mr. 
On ihe IQih the advanced guard under Lefebra reavhed Ucuu. 
nppoalle to CaKiftna. Ou the Ifllh the French oruwud the Sieg at 
itianiliDDberi;. Warlenalebeu with tii« Auatrian ciirjia fluditig himaiilf 
/ BoK ex jiomsS mt Neuwiod by thiflTM»at,leU\>uVlTD«iJh*DeaaD the 
n/ght of (be 14Eh— l&th Scptemlior, txA et<iM»4 *« \atai «. 
^ Oa ti,i» GeoerftI llntry adv»,ac»4, wA ««™ » >«A^ 



I!r95.] CLAIErAIT ABD WUfiMaBR TTNITE. 293 



Neuwied, by which he paaaed the diiiainn!! of Bamailotte, 
Podcet, and Marcoau, to join Jonrdam, who on the 20th SBtatiliehed 
lii whole farce on the right hnulc nf the Laixa, resting the right of 
lis army dd Nsbbbu and the left at 'Wetzlir. Mareeaa w»b at once 
lent to blockade EhrenhFeitstein. ClairfaiC iinmediatel]' quitted his 
*"ad-qiurter8atGrus-Gprau, and calling npaa Wurmsertosend wnie 
MpB to faia aid, OBBBmhled the whale of Ihe AtiBtrian army on tlie 
iposilf book of the Lahn, bnt Quaadanowich wne left an the Neckar 
watch the moveniBntg of Pichegru, whole orders were to adTanoe 
I Hanheim, and employ agaiiiHt that city tba same threat of a, 
«ry bombardment which had opened to the repnbticans (he gatea 
Diuaeldarf. 

With a vie* of crogging the Rhine, Picbegra ordered General 
~'~~~', with 12,000 men, to march from the blockading force at 
lajvnee to meet him at Ogi^rsheim, opiiosite to Manheim, while he 
larehed himaelf at tlie head of Beaupay'a division to meet them. 
In the very Hrst summons, aeoompanied by the threut of bamhard- 
tenl, the regency af the Palatinate hastened on the 20lh of Sep- 
nnber to deliver up the keyii of Msnheim Ia the republican General, 
rbo placed Qeneral Dufour in dmrge of it, while he himself 
Btnmed to the upper river to pasa the stream at Kebl and Hun- 
inffea. The possession of Msnheim by the enemy obliged General 
Xairfait to quit his position on the Lahn and to cross the Mayn, 
rliich he did on ibe S3nd — 23rd, crossing at Aschatfenbourg, and 
ailing Qnaadaoowich behind the Meokar, to defend the defile be- 
_lreen Heidelberg and Wiaioch, in order to secnre a retreat on 
fi^lbron. Jourdain immediately followed the Imperial army, and 
leaoending into tbe valley of the Mayn he on the S6Ui iDvested 
Majence. In the linancial difficalttes of the Republic, the French 
~ 'ma wsre directed to subsist thsmselres on the enemy's country, 
^^^ UKordingly no supplies had been collected for their mun- 
mmnoe, Jourdain brought 60,000 men with him, and allhoagh the 
Mlky of the Uayn is a Binguliirly rich one, it had already lub- 
" 'ed the lar^ army of Cbtir6iit;anda considerable Proaainn force 
! aiill to be supplied at Frankfort, where they remained tu protect 
nsatrmlity of that free city and its dependent tdrrilory. More- 
r, the Austriuis had In their retreat withdrawnallth^rmagaziim, 
Jim it beeame a eeinous qaesUon for the besieging army, not only 
£ lood for tiie troops, hot of battering artillery and the ordinary 
~~ UBS required for a siege ; aud above all, pontoons, or some me 
ortiaaiag water, were wanting for tbe present position of tbe Frei 
miea- The army of Jourdain h&d now upon ita hands both the 
lg» at Mayenee and of Ehrenbreitstein. 

Mtrs— Cluri-ait 

Ob the other hand, CUurhit's poaition was a very daoEeroui ona 
_id Piehcgni follownd up hia oecapatian of Uanheim by olTensira 
■pccMiana on that side ; and, accordioglT, the General sest preannf 



/ 



294 SIISE OF MATXNCl KAIRItD. [aJI. 

PlohBjni, kfter much unnccnniiMble inkntirm, iron iu tho AniUiui 
output! OD IIjc ZSrd. and on tiia 34t]t Gdiiriil IlafouT Rikrcbod lo 
tha ftltaek uf Quawiuiowich, on botli 1;itnli« of llin Ncckar. K* 
^rovD biLok tlis AiHitriHn iliiiiiinn ■■ fu- m Slinmlicini, and ttUt 
foNing tliom nut of tlint vilkfin th»y burimdwil tlieniM-lvM m 
Huidwibiwhoiin iixl Wlblingcn, un tlip twu itidsi of Uia Nwtluw. 
Ocnotwl Bortntid, In eannnind uf ana brignile, now kUkuked tlw 
AiMtrun pMitina on the tida of BlnnkBtttt, bhU DavDust tliU «f 
Wlbl)ii|t«n, ou IhaUnbuik of tho river. Uutour.withlbabrigr''- 
of Duairnt and Cavrois, Hlinskod from tha right bank, at Scbi 
helm, (^iiaiuUnnwieh not niilj' raaiatad thoM combined attaeki 
•toutlxt but had lbs good fortuna tn thnnv tha ealumn i>r Utaak w 
th« right bank into aunli iliiordor, that tutaj *er« driven InM Um 
livor, Mid Qenaiml Dafour wa« taken primiier ; Carroia at tl)* euM 
time retreatins with diffimlty mi t'iadanliitini Davouatand Borbmndi 
infomad of tbia diiaater, tliouRht it prudent at onoe to retiiv eo 
Sobwetilnitcn. Thrao troops woro evcniuall/ oollacl«d tngatfaarinto 
one Dorpa, at Keokoran, and DoflBix waa aent (o onmiaand '* 
G«ieral Clairfalt, in hopw of mcpiing with tho auuatatuie ho 
patted fmrn Wurmncr, Jiad reiialroil to Heppiiibclm, wbon h* 
waa not far from Quawlaiiowich'a Huld of action. Tha iwlnforo*- 
meat from Wnmiaer of 2G,II0I) men at lan^tli joined lilm, and 
retumod to lii* anny on the Mxyn In aaiunie tha ufTeiuBTe, I 
uiihed witli tho Empumr'a authority, lie now oanoellcd tho umitn , 
aaaumad by tlio frm uity of Frankfurt, relievad the Prumuana trm 
the dnty of pruteoting; lhi< city, and ooltodtcd all hie detaohmonta in 
iti neighbourhood, ttjaC ha might aot viKuraualy againei Jourdajn. 

Tha republican Oenontl found himaelf planed ins dIfHcull paellloL 
— naglaoted altogether by I'lahagru, wliii ndvaneed no further to M 
him with utj portion ot hie anny ttom tha aidii of Maiihaim, irhai* 
the Ute ropulH had giTen canHdence lo the qieratlona uf hla ftd- 
varaary, Jourdain had on his own handa tJie dlflteull and IntpoHHl 
■iege of Mayenoe, with hie left wing allogatlier tn air on the i"~ 
nf the Nidda. The onniniinariea of the Cunrentiiin in this MaM 
thing! flailed tiigellier tliB Ueiierela bi a vuunoil of war, whieh wM 
held at Uher'lTigflheini un the 4ih of Oeiober, lo determine co 
tome combined plan of pnx'wdiiig, but luiibina oamo out of f' ' 

oonferancD, for the two tiaiierais remained oaaGtly as the/ had di 

before I lbs ono continued tu ouvor the siege of J^enee, which wm 
entrusted to Kleber, ibe other wa« left to thraaten lUe oonntry aboU 
the Upper Rhine, leaving Deanix'a corpa at Manhehn, 

It, JOUKOIIN ItJllIKS TIIK SlMK OV HlYXtlOL 

General Clalrfnit, thcruroro, van now at lil)erly In mature hit 
offensive operationa, and on Ihenlghl of the lOtli — 1 1 lb nf Oolobor he 
eroBKd tlio Mayn with his whole army al Aschatrnnbourg.Sliegenstadt, 
tltd Offenbach. Tha some ilay he naaand the Nidda at Bergen, Md 
by moving funrard on the *idu u1 VTUiVtnAi^mviciied to anvalop 
tho wholn Brmy of Jourdtt\n, cnwappA ii\i \ii *«> eurom \wmiwri 4<n 
Maya juid tJiu Kliilie. 'the toptibVwTO 0"vb»\» "m **» raiKwA * 



1795.] A. BOBTIE FBOU UAYENCS. 295 

council of w>r, and uiiJer a view of the imposBibililr uf aaryiog on 
Ihu iiip([D of MsyencB io presencB of the army uf Claipfait, or of euo- 
oesBCullif DombSitiiig it with ui nrniy whose diHciplioe had been Beri- 
oiuly impaired by its tieKleeted tUle, il wbb uiiuiiniouiily resolved 
tu give up the aiege ktid curji Uie Krmy back Bcrnu tlio Bliioe. On 
the lUtli tliia wa£ executed in tbree columns. Kleber with the Hnl 
tnarehed away to Wiibaden, crossed the Lnhn at Nassau, Vfhera he 
united liiinself with General Marceau's divisinn, who were investing 
EhreiibrdtateiD : (liese were to cross the river by the bridge which 
Lad been eitnbliahed at Ncuwied. The other two Dnlumns moved 
by U'oliurg and Altenkirdien ; the one cmssed at Botm and tlut 
other proceeded towards Dusseldorf. The I inperialist light troop* 
under Generals Buroe, Kmy, and Haddich, fulluwed on their paoei, 
and liaranseii die retnsatiu([ culunnis, but were not struiig enough 
to BVnil themselves uf an incident which, could it linve been foreseeD, 
would have delivered Klober's column with 26,000 men into thdr 
hands. The repuhlicnn General had sent orders to Marceau la 
bum, sink, or destroy every boat that he might find in his neigh- 
bourhood. The engineer offioera charged with the execution of this 
order collected them all together on the right side and fired tham. 
The consequence was that the stroam carried them down to Nenwied 
and set the bridge on tire just as the troops tnnved down to croia 
It. The lrooi>B were in despair at the sight uF tills mischier, and 
uttered loud urieH of treacliery; but Klebiir appeased them by 
aesurlng them, tlial it they could not orosa the water, they should 
penetrate bayonet in hand through the AuBtrlaiis, whenever they 
miglit come up. General Marceau ruslied to tlie front with his 
pIMols ill his hand to blow liis brains out for the blunder ; but the 
Ocoeral -in-Chief, cool in tlie moment of extreme danger, seized the 
pistols, saying, "Jeune liomme, allez vous faire casser la l£l« en 
defendant I'approche de I'eunenii : o'est lH oik il vous £tes pennis de 
mourir. ' Tlieu turning to tlie officer uf pontounlars, lie demanded 
bow long a time it would take tu restore the bridge, who replied, 
" Twenty-four hours." " Jevous en doiine treiite, et vous lu'en rtCpon- 
dretaur votre itle." The ooolnesBuf Klebcr, wliu, while he appeased 
the terror of his troops, prepared by every means of defence to repel 
any attack, saved Uie division, and the republicans erosscd the river 
without any further diiliculty. 
IS. Tub AuB'ra.rit.'js hike i Sortie fho> Mitehcb and betihb 

MlNHEIH. 

General Clalrfait did not choose to be drawn away from the anny 
of WumiBer by the retreat of Jourdain ; but having considered how 
best to revenge himB«lf uii I'ichegru, and to recover the ground lost 
on the Upper Khuie, he left a tliird of his army under the com- 
nuuid of the Duke uf Wirtemberg, with Generals Boros, Kray, and 
IIaddich,tii defend tlie passago of the Sicg, wliile he with the rest of 
bis army returned to the banks of the M!ijn,atWiote«,o^«J«BWJsi, 
anrf on the 2eih placed himself in commuTOCaftoxi VvCa'^-ariEaiMW. 
IVorms and J'iejslieini. 



Wonnwr, M (oan ■■ hi- hKHrrl of ilia rnlnnl >rf Juurdaln, hnl 
mulvwl toatlmipl to iw!a*iir M>nli>im, mill liml •x-ni •<rl"r> lu Wia 
<I«taehiiwiilnnllMN«k*rtoi)ritDin tlx' >li' i i- •« 

dona on tlw ISlh mnn ■ iiliar|i oonUM, n lif, 

whirli pmmile'l *llliar pkrtj from kn""^ ' i^ik 

On til* Wlh Wummr agKln XUekm) I).-.. < >:■.>« 

Mm(i]*i*l}' Into Mkiihnim, (nd anUtad ili> , -^;.:xiliid 

"■ " - "H wilh Iha fHnlUta rapubllrUM. 



'Dia Fratii-h aUII liold * iironf fortlHait Biuni>Dndar (iMar*! CimrtaK 
blmtlcBdlnij Mayaiioa »llh M^ mm i C . - - 

' naaHy (our laaKiiM In ailant, and 



.>»|«.alii|-ai 



of dafanoa anatnit an bttdj' aiaallliif tham from lanny pninik. Tha 

AnMiiin* knaw <nan Inah of tha gronnd, ami how U — '-' 

Md fait that ■ oomblMd atlMk tram nni-bnaU on tli 



AulTlan* knew mm Inah of tha gronnd, and how it una nompiaj, 
_.. •■•--' ,1 , oomblMd atlMk tram nin-bnata on tlio rlw 
: aimfR, adrutdni along tha lowlanda, undar l^nl 



M tha laft of the Frnneli n . . . 
dUlurblns them. Amnrdtntlyatal!! o'clock no ihamoiri 
tllH dWbilnnaor atUok drbiiuohad tram Mayaneo lii 'i 
whila othnr bmllea of AualrUna oruaaad t)M rlrnr nl 
thn fortrMa, and ■ fliitllla of aavau gun-biicla dsar-u'i 
umlar t)ia Kngllih Capuin WUIIama. r)n tha \-h 
Oenaral Ntm nmiRiandwl tlia atlaok, which dnivi - 
dltlainn from Ihp Intrnnchnipnl* at Ilalllgan-Kitmli, I < 
Uubmiholm, whIJa Willlanut landad Ilia mmi IVoni In < 
raai, Tha«MMMunrthUni'>i'mianla>paaod thallanit ■•'.'. 
CjT, and lurtaajiAiHi Into whkh Gananl 8l«*ilar olili >.i» '".lum.. 
t>«iialn ml, while GcnmDfchall,*! Harlenboni, balnu «!■(> auniriawl 
and oatHankad by tlia advanca frnm Uralxcnhatm nl ilm rulaan 
ooaimandad by Marotniln, waa drivan from Iba Arid, and (ifnanl 
Sohmenriiift wu now aani bjr CUIrhIt HkIii lbniii|(h ihn cminl 
poaltlnn ot tha French, while a alrmiK fnroa nf esTalry |<i-ii«iraiad i* 
their roar la fitr u l>ra^a. Thia manoeuvre onm|i1>-ti>l)' arpxinuf 
the hrigailaaof Mangaudand Iti-naud, who luulalreadyuliMiimlaoma 
aoMoaa auainat the AiiatrUn attaoli at Unnlcenhulm ami flt^nibldl. 
but ware iKnorant of tho retreat of the rrat of the army, and iiaiiapi 
with dinioulty on Flntheltn and .Iplolahelra, In tha niiirualon euae 
fled lolA Iho wood uf Minibaoli, and iha Analrlan oaralry. lei looae •■ 
the fuf[UI*ei, oomniltlcil muali aam»||«. It la a«ld that ItUrmM, hi 
ooinmaiiil uf anmiMny, at thlamuioanteTlnoada pnxirnf hia faM* 
•mlnanoa. Ha bald bU mim In ao Arm an attitude a|[aln*t (It* m> 
•alllnit ai|iiadmna. that lliay wiire drfvnn bank hi dlannlar, and be 
nrrioit away hla roan In triurarih. The Inaa In the Fmtvh trim lUl 
•ueoaaarul »it««k waa 9A00 klllrd and wnundeil. alily trirm. and ill 
tha mataainM wbleti had bam onlh^itMl with Kreat IroublH: and Iha 
ftl|tlU*<iB frcrni Mragaud'a dliiainu oarrla4 ausfa rajiorta of tlia diaaatv 
to Traviia, tliat ttiiTn alao the maf axlnna wera haalily abaiolnninl mi4 
<f«(/»rmf,<ndall thabrld||oiacro«athaMoa*ileduBtroypd"rriitn(iTi^ 
Oanarmh Achalt Mid Ht. Cyr «ou\A aouMAi Vno %ue«uH|ad Is 
■rMflilng Manhflm Iml for Vnm dWUkm rt Q»wivn.\ ^Nmu>j«^ , -^taM 



ti th«n to thrir wtwM. «<»»««»*«• 



«[^«»\ 



1795.] A SORTIE FBOU M1.TENCE. 297 

attick was nude &t Majienco, anotbsr wma Dindp by Ibe Duke 
Brunswick's corps at the bridge of Neuwied, nhieli was slito d 
BtrD<red as well SB the tftc dfpimt; but hU Higbnees ccmld not drii 
the FrsDch oat of tbe Isle ot WeisMuthunn, on the Rhine. 

Piohegni, un hearing uf lhe»e reterves, immedisiely rsme op to 
collect his snuy bebind ibe Pfrtm, wliicli he did on the Slat ot 
OdlobeT and the 1st of Nuvember. As usual, he erinced do eacrg; 

■ ^uranit after this first success, and while he slluwed the flying 

ny to rally and re-form, Ctsir&it also rested six days in ' 
the Geld ot battle; but at length, having brought up hts 
Le moved up and established his hesd-cguarten si Worms, while hia 
advanced guard wss pushed into the Vusges at Ruchenhansen, 
Be had left the Prince of Hoheulohe near Struniberg, where, in a few 
days, he found himself in the Face of tbe republican General Marcean, 
who had rallied tlie troops of General Foncet witli six bsttaliona 
tnia the camp st Mayence, and now drove back the Imperialiita to 
Knatznsch, where tliey joined the reinforcement ot two brigades, 
■ml to them ^m General Burglach. Pichegru dow set to work to 
DtsBnize some opposition. He brought the division of Beaupuy 
Mind the Ptrim at Pllffiglieim, Perino at PfederahBim, St. Cyr at 
Wacketiheimt Laborde at Uarxheim, Rensad at Kircbheim ; Poland 
was placed on the high road tn Ksiserlautern, while Denaix was sent 
forward to establish an advance in front of the position at Dahlsheii 
Jonrdain was also in motion again un hearing of these events, 

But Cliurfut and Wumiser (elt thst their position wss only tenable 
as limg as Pichegru remained behind the Pfrim. The latter there- 
fore sent Lntour to strengthen Clairfait, who with I2,(HK) men and 
4(KH) horse reached Mayenoe on the Olb, and the sssanlt of the 
French lines was fixed for the 10th. On that day Wu-teusleben 
Mlavked the division uf Reasud, who occupied the left of Plchegra's 
position near Mont Tonaere, and drove him back on Kaiserlautem. 
Naueudorf forced St. Cyr to retreat on Gulbeim and Grunatadt. 
Kray presented himself before Uesaix's diviuon and defeated him at 
Pfedersheim under the eyes of the General -in- Chief. Pichegru, 
Rndlng the Austrian attack so vigorous and succosaful, withdrew his 
army to the Ellbaoh, occupying Franckentbal with his right and 
Turckhoim with his left. On the same dsy the Prinee of Hohentobe 
drove back General Mareeau from SCmmberg into the passes of the 
Sohnen-Wald. Wurmseron the opposite side of tbe river bombarded 
Mauheini. On the 12lh Clairfait carried Franckeulhil in spite of 
Uesaix, and on the Wtli Kray advsnced against Turckliehn, and 
Nauondorf, sent into the rauuntains, drove back the enemy on Trip. 
■tadt. General Beaupuy disputed the ground bravely at Epstein 
and Ogershelm against Latour, but unsuccessful iy, and the same day 
General Otto pushed a patrol to the very bridge at Manheim, whii£ 
he found deserted, and accordingly immediately occupied it. Piche- 
gru rctrcBled on the ISth to the Speyerbach, leaving tbe city to ila 
late, with its garrison of 9000 tnen, and on VKt Wls»\w^ ix^ •».'u4a- \ 
■ JisJied iimself behind the Q.ueiriv,iijB'i,m£Vw.\eS.\ wa "Vati^fcss. v^-i^N^ 
h J%raasena in fho mciintnin. nunBn.\ >Ann\Biva. 5XBEBiffl*^»>'fe ^^ 



G«neil^ >Atia\aA'Bi. 5XBEBiffl*^'i«fe ^ 



20K MILITAUY CU AUKCTKtl OV U/iUHUXh CLAIRFAIT. [x.l 

Mmilif iiti WHM cnihliiMl hy thu flrt* »f tlict many ljatU;rie« tliftt Wum 
N«*r ininiMl himttiiit liiiii, litit htoiitly nsfuiUMl all offWrii of nurreii'l^ri 
iiiilil Hit itin 22tiil of Novtiiiihfi', lio|i«*l<tMi of Hucciiur fntiii I'ick«-in^ 
ami fiiiiliii^ hin iimvinioiia hv^'m u* fail, liu capituluttsU MriiU Lui Urg 
KarriMiii. 

If J. ('l.AlUrAlT l-UOWlllKN AN AllMIHTlCE, WlIII'll I'LTC HOT II AhMtK 

INTO NVlNTKk-i^UAUTEIIB. 

Jtiiii'iiuiii, niiiliniTaHiiril by tlin ortlera hu reci-ived frrnn IMHa, i 
Ifii^lli, nil lliii 2fltli, t'Ut hiiiiMilf ill iiioltiiii to relieve Mniiheiiii brfui 
the li<-);iiiiiiiit; uf IhH'finlior, tu wliieli tiitib lie euli'iilatt-il it oiui 
iiiaiiitttiii itiulf ; and on tin* Utiili dulmucheil fmni tin- llnhtrniiraM wit 
40,0<H> nntn in thivti foluninM, Hornatlotte cunnnamliii); tins advaiic*- 
^nai-d. Tim Kitinrli <ir<nt«raMn<(1iit)f attacked tliu Auntrianit lirbia 
thn Naliii at Ki-rutjenutrh on tliu SUth antl drove tlieni fnun that \fM^ 
and Maivfau waa |iuitlnid forwuitl to the IJlaini ua far aa Lautc-n-cl 
lint t.'lnii'tait and WnrniiMn' now rtMadvfd tn advance concurmiil 
both on Jonnlain antl rieht'Ki'U. On the Uth of Di-ceinlMT the fonnr 
advanofd a^aintit Manvan, iittdated in the niountuiuH, drove him bar 
to Kirn btdiind the Nahf, and Umk thrfe f;mtH from liini. JiiuriUi 
now Mw that he rouhl not nmLu head a^ainnt IMnlrfait, and withdrr 
ahti^i-tlirr fnmi the Nahe bt^yond the Siduien-WaUl on ilni* ISih i 
1 Hn^endifr, taking up a poaitiun bt'tween the Uhine aud Moarlle i 
'rrurrbach. To cover thiH reti'eat he eauHed Gfnorala .Maivi-au an 
roni*et to attack the AuHtriana at Salzbauh on the Vfr|;e of the llnhei 
viahl, to dinHnl>Mri*ariM himatdf of their annoyance* ; but on the |6i 
Chiii'fMit attacked the Ffonch uu the other ai do of tho >ValJ, alic 
he thi'THtened a niagavinti widuh Jourdaiu had ordvrt* d U* be funun 
anil diti\«) back thtt republieana on Muntzelfeld. Under these ei 
vuiOMtaui-ittH, and tu the aurpriHo of the Fitiiioh (ieneral, uii the 19i 
a tlag of tnu^) iin^aented itatdf at the uutpoata with an otHccr beariii 
the proiKMition lor an armiMtice. The Auntriana, fatiguttl by tlir 
\vv\ taUtfctMiH, and having t^xhauHted all their natural energim in i 
aiHHininliithnient, hud found cani)taiguing iu the rough aiiaanu Mi di 
agtttiablti a prtwpeet, that tu eiuiuit) tlieniaelvea aonie rriMwe tin 
ntado thi« atituunding pi'uiKMitiun. Juui*dain uuly waitrnk tu hrai 
whctihrr thti arniiHtiiH) waa tu be oomiuun both to I'ichegru at 
hintHttli, and liaviiig at'oured thia }H>int, he reatltly oanie into tl 
tenuit uf ii un the Ut uf January, 17iMii and proottedetl tu at'ttli^tl 
liMu of deiiiM^eatiun betwettu the contending anuiea. 

17- UkiIKKKKNT \NU MlLlTARV CUAIUCTKII OK MaR«HAL CLAltrAl 

rhun cnilixl the ivinnianil uf the beat and luoat aucceaaful of tl 
Imperial ticnuraU, whoae brilliant exploita about Mayeucv cUrteJti 
^viU'H can^kaign. Keoalled to Vienna, Marahal Clairfkit itwci\nl) 
hui unii-iioco tu the capital auoh an ovatiuit aa has be«u rarvly givm 
Hu,\ luttcunaul by the aucoeaaur tu the Cweanu The court rivallet! t 
(KS'pU* uii thia ucitaiu<»u ; but nutwitliataudiuK thU, whether jeahtua 
iIk- unpivii'Uenteil diittiuctiuutdiuwu tt» their General, i>r offeudetl at t 
aJ\ K'c liv uD'eivd, ur ihe oojuplaiuta he utterecia the Auatrian couu 



i705.] UtLITAIlY CHASACTBR OF MAItS&A.L CLAISFAJT. 21)0 



aapeneied CLuritiit iu hU oommand, by electiae the broUier of the 

£inperur, the Archduke Ch&rles, a vouth KuurcDl; uinre lliau tweuty- 

Vna yvara of age, to the dignity ol SeichH-Qenei^l'Fi-ldsmarBUhsll, • 

.post which gave him a mere eapeclal Bupreniacy over oil Imperinl 

jtrineca and aommanders. Clairlitit did not chuone, under tlieae cir- 

ftumttHlieea, to ronunie hia military comiuuid, but reacilved to ter- 

' iaata hia career of actire oervice, tliough he rsmaineil at the 

pitat, OB a member of the Auati'ian counoil, Bed died in 1798. 

llewaaaWalloati by birth — that iB.analiveof the Spauieh Nether- 

nda — and tbia hmught bim to be regarded, in tlie hiKli eirolea d 

the Gsmuin empire, oa n f'ireiguer, nr, at least, a colniiiBt, and ren- 

dtrcd tbereeeplion ho reeoived in tlio dapital tlie more unpracedented. 

Hft la Bpoken of as aervinR with diatinction in the »ar with Turkey ; 

rbat he ia llrat mentioned with hunnur in the campaign in Fronoe in 

(1793, where he already anrnmanded adiviHtim. He was at Jemmapnea, 

AldenbflTen,andNeecwindeD,HDd in ITMhecommauded the detached 

r]w oppiwed to Picbeeru in North Flanderg ; hnt bis charBCtsr as 

I oummander of an army coo on ly be oullcoted after he eucceeded 

that poat on the resignation of Prinoa Coburg in 1791, aud theuee 

_ .rongh the year 17D'>< He appejira to have early shared in the 

firtliA which already enlatcd of the overwhelming proweaa of the 

*epablican armies, and would never go boldly up to attack tlicni, but 

orould rather await their advance agaitiat him. He hod all the 

Auatrian eharaeterUtio of being " glow to anger ;" but he eould not, 

mwverlhelen, permit himaalf to be trodden upon, and when once in 

" I Hght " bore it so that hie opi>oeer might reepect him." The 

Tman soldier lb never backward in hia following when hia chief ia 

inlarpriiingj but at ihis period there waa oerUinly, from Mme 

mac or other, a tamenen in their onset whieh rarely terminated 

^—^-^ light auccenfully. It is probable that the relinquiahment of tha 

HatherUnda, and the retreat beyond the Itliiiie, abaudoning in siie- 

~MUOO the strong ground Iwtween that river and the Meuae, may 

S*a bsMi prescribed to the comnmndiog General by the Auatrion 

Ktneil,aiid that Clairhit was not rcBponsible for these reaulta. But 

ban Jourdain crosseil the Khiue in his teetli the following year, 

w paiaage was with difiiculty opposed, althouf^h the unexpeoted 

irraider by a Prince of the Biuplre of l>iuHeIdorf may have upset 

1 the pNcOD«erted arrangemente fur the defence. Why, it may be 

iked, did Clairfait then omit to oonlend and check the enemy on 

M bMlka of the Wipper, the Sieg, and the Lshn, hia lieutenant at 

da ttma holding Nauwied seourely in hia rear t The latter poctioo 

' Ihii campaign must, however, redeem the character of ClaiHoit 

am all theae ahortcomiaga, and they aiford a good test of that 

iUttry eatimatloD uf him, that could ultwe him as the moat akjlful 

' tha generals opposed to the French in the rovulutlonary wars. 

aavlnced i>ery great prompinesa in teapiag to tha attack, an soon 

I ha fmmd Pichcgru supine, nnd Juurdnin with his hands full, and 

ban hy the Ninfurcemenla he received from Wui'matir.hia army waa 

tw in the aacandancy. The only bright Hput in the whole canijiaipi 

H whan ba fbraod the eneniy to quit the beleagiierment of Mayance, 







lurta lit * •iiiKi' ii4iiui<ut||'i Hi iwUi ilmn nitiH'i. <>■»■ « 



IN. ftu*i*tirf« i»»iin TOM 

Th* A^f M t<i- Muh nl VxuliniiUIn 

tu nuliiri. Mid w.-M„,««.«- (i, Iw 

nfrttal. Thi> fu) 



IdrpaUlN WM !'< 



(Illtl Hf tMWl l- . 



irf Ilia Km.™ )W"11"i; Oi" f...',t..tl"Fi »il»"l m 

nnmiwuMil. Tlw lUmiimti'm, tiumt/n i)mx •*•• 
flM •HttpnTt 'if Inrtli Iha JmniMim mhI l^l•>■li>>l<> 
•h*iK| ivfn« lA (liolr forniM' wwrim •r>'i 

MilitrilKnl llifir iinw «ini«lltiiil"n tu tU "■ 



llirUI WM Ih IvMUKuiHetHHl ludl III liulllllll ll 

liibi atfiwl Ih* kill ll>u« MH|ul>"l 1 Mton nfptXtM iTUUp* II 

m*4Ul*)r KMHIllllwl, klUl WHInUlHlxl ■ Wilt «( i' ' ' 




179S.] BOHAPARTX DEFEATS THE SECTIOXB AT PABIB. 301 

tend the Soolion Lepellelier, when it wu in full cnnclitve. Karl 
urdcred thu nitiniberB to eep&rmle^ By the aildreaa of ihe ]u&dei*fl 
Henou waa mjatificd, uid, cnteiinf; iuto lermB to a)Hire tlm blood ot 
fellaw-oitiieni, retired fmui ihe tutgembly without eSeotini; ftny thing. 
I The government wu indignant at this weakueu or traauhery, uid 
instantly displaced him, giiinj the comnuind wilh unlimited powers 
to Qeneral Baims, one who had been a chief iiielrument in all the 
Outages that had occurred sinoe the Revolution, and had diatiu- 
caished himself as an officer at Toulon. When it wu propo»d to 
fianaa by Taljieu and Camol that he should sHume Ihia command, 
hie mind reverted to a comrada with whom he had lerved at that 
^ i, and he replied, " I know the man whom yon require to lake 
the direction of the mililary TorEe to be employed on Ihle occaaion j 
■ little Corsicaa officer, on wham you niay rely, and who will, I 
promise you, stand an no sort of ceremony." Bonaparle hiippeued 
to be at Paris at this time ; whether he was there in disgrace or on 
leave ot abavnoe is of litlls imporlauce, but he wu in the capital. A 
•onaeiouR sense of bis powers had rendered him dissatiefled with the 
, BobOTdinace emphiyments tliat he had held in the army, when other* 
were mounting the ladder alongside of him; and aa he was ready 
b> t>uBh forward his ambition, na he might, either in France or else- 
where, he readily obeyed the summons he received. He found the 
CoDYenlic^D on hie entering it in the utmost agitation, and meunree 
of aocoramodation wiili Ihe uiaurgents were already talked of. His 
manner wu limid and enibaiTasBed ; but the clear and disUnCt 
Opinions that he enunciated, and the energy and force of bis lan- 
guage produced an immediate effect, and his flrmness and deciuou 
at this moment saved the government. His oureer is an artillary 
officer was already known to Carnot and others, and his appointment 
wee unanimoully adopted. Bonaparte had made nciguaiutance in 
(lie oapital with a young officer iiained Murat, (a ifMiiH^ in theaa 
~ ilant times like himself,) whom he now made his lieutennut, and 
It him off al midnight with 300 horse (o aeize tlie park of artillery 
ngat Sablona. There he uidyjust anticipated the messenger of llie 
Dtions who had been sent down to obtain them for the inaui^ent 
army. Bonaparte set himself, without loss of a moment, to Bx upon 
places for these lijty guns, and to trace batteries fur their protection, 
BO as tu command all tlie priutupal approaches of attack. These 
lines of defence extended along the qoayi between the Pontneuf and 
the Pont de hi Conatitution, and all the embouchures of streets 
opening into the Rue St. Honors were laid under the range of 
some i3 these guns. In this pasition (he conimanders fur the Con* 
Tendon awaited the attack uf the insurgents ; Bonaparte was, in Ihe 
mean time, indefatigable in inspiring his men newly collected around 
kim with eonlidence, and visited each battery succesairely to speak 
lo the men with Ihat decision which was |>ai-t of bis character, and 
which was always bo well caluulated lo inspire eonlidence in those 
nnder him. 

Tim eipected attack look place al Wi!l-'^«». ^tos "va '*^» '**^"^*^„ 
of tlia 13th <it Veiidttuuutu t.HiB {niiul Cjt\*)Vi:")-,».'™"»^™*-'*'^*^ 



802 BONArABTB DEFEATB THE SBOTIOKa AT PABIS. [aJI. | 

natinDiil gniard, caltt^d " de la butte dcB manlinB," estabJiehed tbem- I 
■elves on Uie tlepa of the Choi-ch i>r Sl> Roqne. and opened a fin ut 
iDUskeliy apoD ik biittet7 in Ihe Rus Si. Honors, when Booaputt 
happened to be presEnt; thefira was retaraed bj well-direeird lut 
continuDua diechur^ea of grapa-Bhot and caniBter, which inalaallj I 
cleared the whole street, hi the mean time tbe ineurgmta lud I 
been suoceuFul at the Pontneuf, and hithsr General Danceaa bii \ 
brought the battslion of Iljo FauKbonrg St. HoDoM, and had girta , 
the oommand ot it to M. de SorcM, an old officer of the Kin^s bouie- 
hold. Bonaparte rushed to the bitlery he had establ>Blied to flank 
the poal at this bridge ; and allowing the aauilants to approadi bin 
within twent]' ^rds, lis then opened fire ; Ihe wretched <aii»9l 
reeled onder the r--Brrul effect of Ihe gi-ape and round shot Ihit 
* dechnated tiieir ranlLH, ^et still held firm nnder thrue anecBMivt 
diachargeB withont Hiuuhing. Witli such wonderful endaranoB d)ej 
Deverthelcss Ucked either the reeolutiou or leaders bold enough M 
nuh upon the caniiou at their recoil, and render them tiaeless; bnl 
>t length they could stand it no longer; the; turned and fled. Altfaa 
tame moment the dvil army was engaged in the Roe de L'Ecfaelle, 
~ where it was soon dissipated hj the lire of tlie ai'Ullery, and dtJTea 
into the by-»Ii«eta, scared and itcatured. A shot eren fell lutu the 
midst uf one of the Secdoue in wbich an orator was holding forth, 
when General Danceau arrived tu report the loss of all his poM% 
■nd having thus dune his duly he at once fled for his life, leaviaf 
the nafurtunate royalist Colonel, whom be had promuted (o a cwn- 
■nand, to endure all its pennltiea. Poor M- de Sorcif was iu tmlk 
the only victim of this day ua the scaflbld, and suffered with ■ 
firmness wurlliy of the cauae which he represented in hi.<i perHD. < 
By seven o'clock the victory was already complete at all ptunta; al 
nine the troops of the line had carried the posts of the national 
Riutrd every where, and by the next morning the authority of tbc 
Convention was completely ealabliHhed. General Bonaparte, as be 
was now become, continued in the command of Paris after Ihe sop- 
pression of the revolt, and, it is aajd, in many sobaequent mlliaioBa 
with tlie people, evinced as much liumanity as presence of mind bt 
maint^iiing the peace of this agitated community. An anecdoto ■ 
preserved of him, that when trying to appease a mob of Farieians u 
a state nf extreme agitation, a fat woman cried out, " These wearen 
of epaulettes, provided they till their own skins, care nothing, tfaoogb 
we pour die of famine." " My good woman," returned the GenenI, . 
who at that time waa exceedingly thin, " look at me, and say whidi ' 
of ns lias led the best." The joke bronght Ihe laugh to his side, and I 
they all separated in good homour. 

Thug, ill a few short boors, an adventurer, poor and friendleo, gr 
at all events proscribed, who had vainly exerted bU bin ItttI* fah 
fiuence (o obtain employment, wha«e funds vera so exhauatod ibMfa* 
could obtain no better charger than a jade of a cah-horus to taoaot 
him for bis command, on tbis his first da; of victory, became in a 
moOMnt a man of note in the capital of FVaiice. Ttra brilliant reirata- j 
lidD which tliis young soldier now aequireal, gave him admiosiiiD lu all i 



• Mion* of tbo gnM Hnil powtrful. 
« aplnKKil MHino uf luxui^ miuI |iI< 

1; ahiU)i[<il KdU fBllnii, navnrtli-l 

•b«cami> otivof 111! DlraDtory, l^^<< 
n Ilia hllowB, lliiiiigli with »<|iiiil 




TlIK nATTLB OF LOIWO, 




<1u 
of MkyinoD <u 17DS. It dnn tidi vny 
in haUtuh In tha houH it 
rve uf tlw ruthloM Bom- 
'l>lilii*'i bland UlitiiRtib*, or 
.. iiniiy of lody, m op[HW< 
i;(:.>r>iiuii,ni'ni«iiiniivin> 
th" wl^iiw WM wauad, 
mil 111 th« ima aplrll 
' in brlila in tlirau dayr 



:i) Uka 111* (IhU agalnat tlia 

I. WtK ON TUK iTiUlN I'HONTIIIil— UlTtLk OV to^NO. 

1* army cif IibIv oiinlil nut ■■ ynt bclinid In lU 
■iltorj and tunun* wlilali awultvJ It lii anotlisr y«ar, ui 
■ anJn-. Whil- Iha anny iit lliu Al|>« undar XalUinnann ra- 
id liiaailva, ha liiiiiaalf liad baini m|Hinaded In tha wnnoiaod by 
111 til tile govarumant ftiF 
iiKlrlaua, wliloh lit that 



a wauad, won, 

ua aplrll of i Jl 

iirau dayOflHH 

liiinnvupa li^ ^ 
iiidur lu IMW I 



Vi.Kuotwaa l<««<n|t away, 
I 11 iliat tha Muni Uantvn 



II ol it, 

Mill ..I II II in UI Ni'vi<ral viiliiinii) uf about 

i.rli,ii..iu<i tro'ii ll<iiiU,>iii<l KoiKR fiiim FaiiMln, with thia 

II iIki lli'm nppaaranoa nf tha Hiirdliilana, Ovnaral Valatta 

III lli'iiiii^iin lo iiiBUt thfltn, and Qanaral Muulina oaina up 
g. 'I'liiiy lound una ol the aulninua nlmady In pn«Niailan 
. uf La Coolie, wliloh WM ni>l ytnldad without a iliani oou. 

U but Uia wliiila «Kpi>dltlnn wna III ]iUnnail, and Ilia wvand 

attaolilnii almiiltauaiiiiily, oanw up In *u«mwhIud, 

a alt ilrivnn Udek with a onnaldi'rabl* Inaa, naiuiolaily ts 

1 1 «j)il nlunlHun l«itBn nHa-inara. 

iluiiB war* out i]i»|m*ad inuTi Willi In 

li'innan, waa plaM lu Iha euprama 

ii'iigr, which waa thul poatud, — Ilia 

lit of tha ilna at Imubi an iha laa | 

la Tl|{lit, '-'uii;i' Ltii^ '.'1 I'L'.aiu'.'iiiuMi, waa plaoad to datand iha alupM 

1 by a divlalan of hiilli ualhini undar Owiaral d'Ai'Ki'uloau. 

■ WHiia waa hirtlHad with ttraal oan, and Ibaro wam tiiiniinhuil 

'' '■ MM at lt«oo*-ihfbana, Hambuooo, Han Banianln, nud I* 

idlwtid U darmld tha puattlmi anioiiiiud 

ihMMplwl gmund immadUMly fauing the 



304 TUB BATTLE OF LOABO. [aJ>- 

SftnliniMl cunp, begiiiiiiujc M lIur|{lietco, a rov^y cmiiienm on tho 
aM>Bh(ire whlcli it cominnniled, mid the height* wirt aruwnetl w)th 
a eurUiiMd line lo Suvcorcllu, where tlipre wu ui old csbiJo, uid 
tlisDca lo K rook arnr Mount SambucDo, mllod " Littlo GibmlUtr;" 
Iheuce the lino sroued the mouulaiiw >t a caiup called Mont 0■^■ 
uardo, down lo Omien. The wocki on the right, towards tha » 
wai« gamaoned with S4,DD<I idcii, under MnsKiia; MaequaK ea 
tniniled in the centre with 6000, and Sermriar tho lefl with MXW. 
Tile niimnUinH thus described are almuM imprMtioabte ahHiH Ihair 
whole Dutent, and the French position wbb a slronB oouutcrlon oT 
the lofty range, nurered with iiitreuehmenta well anuid and a 
pied. ThiB fonnidable ground Devina bad the teiuerilj' to bbmiI. 
the loth at September ho rcluforaed Count d'Argonteau with SOM 
picked men, who marcbed Tor the attack of Sueoarello, vrhlle Wallk 
moved higher up, upon Little Gibraltar ; both attMka wen found tts 
itiff a matter for the Rssaiisnta, «lthuai;l> ths defeuden of Sueearallo 
vera aaid to be do more than Bixly men ; but Uie Piodmonleiia hai, 
at RtHt, a niDnientary Buoceaa in tlieir atlaek of L.Jnle Uibntl' 
General St. Hilaire was, bowcTer, sent down from tile caiup on 
top uf Mount St. Bernard, to take the Inlprrinliata in flank, and hb 
marcb being covered by a tliicii fug, enabled him to >urpri>B and 
catch tha SardiuiauB at a weak niuinvnt ; be camo up and druve ilurm 
by tile bayonet quite out uf the French line*. On the 20th Qcuotal 
Hiollia atucked and carried Gnreauo, and with hi* brigade dron 
the riednionlMe before him. and huriiwl (heir camp. 

On tiM iBt of Ocbiber Scherer arrived to hia cammuiJ wiih a r*- 
inforaement of II.IHH) uion, but the mouutuiia alrmdy liit|:uii (n 
OOVBred with snow, and movementa of troupe bad li«i-i>ini< itilfionll. 
A change also occurred in the chief camDiaad of the nllird armji 
DeviBB, a feather-bed General, who was diBguBted with the fnilun u( 
thia attack, gave up the command to Count Watlia, who, oontaut that 
the armiea had now taken up winier-quarteiB, was whulljr uuuropamd 
(or ku^ flirlher nBensiiro operaliona, and permitted givat lultjr «f 
discipline i ao tliat all hia otticers were aba«nt at a ball at Pinal*, 
when, at six in the morning, on the S3rd of November, the eamuw 
of the French recBlled them la Ihuir iinali. Soherar, a lionand it 
a diflei'enl stamp, bad not eo eansidered rnir as lo deuni winlar, atan 
in tlie mountaius. unsuited tn llie attack of hia enainy, and haviiii 
takeu Mnssena into couucil, he foi'med a plan to turn the AuBtriMOi 
en the left of the alUitd poaitiun, nuil to throw cliem into tha moan- 
taiai. At break of day some gun-boats already oocupied th« ahon 
belwoen Loano and Piuale. Augerrau ndvancwl against tba tlMM 
outlying worka tliat formed the nlo»l lalient pinnt uf the AuWrian 
poaitiun, surprised and carried two uf thitm; tha tliird, called Ou- 
tellaro, defended by General Roecaviua, with tSOO man and im 
guns, made a better leBisUmce, nnd tiie Freucdi wera at flrM (trivM 
back, until Victor with his brigade was Bent to attack Tuirann,tk* 
defenders of which dastardly tied away Ui Mriut Carmelu. Lahaqw 
and Charlet at the same time atlnckod U'Ai^entKau at Rociu- 
" ' uid though Oeueral Clutrlet was killed, tlie IniperialialB 



]7fl5.] TUB BATTIB OP tOANO. 805 

were driven back on both lluika. Au|;ereBU now suiomoned RnccA- 
Tiim to Buirender the Casttllaro, who demiLiided pentiiesion (o retire 
Ml Mont Carmelo, wliicb wna rernsed, upim whicb the galltuil Itnlisn 
replied, " It will take me Icbh time to pnea par-lA ;" and Bccordingly 
be muched his men out oF the redcmLt, ancl cut bis way through uie 
lingiide of Victor, to the buipnae and ajlmintion of the republican 
■uldieii. General Thiemy did not defend so well La CliRrtveuae, 
but surrendered the Turt to Dommarttn, after a little firing. Generid 
Wallia ordered up from Loano all the cavalry there, which at iirat 
•hacked Augereau'a further advsnoe, but Kiieca npenod snnie guna 
'gainst them, aiid they fell into an ambuscade of itifnntry among 
He tJive gardens. Luano still held out, but Wallia thought fit u 
'itbdraw his men from the fort, at three o'clock iu the day, uii 
etire upon Munt CamielD, where he prepared to defend himself 
Jl be oould hear of his colleague D'Argenteau. Scherer, on the other 
buid, leaving the Piedmonteee alone fur the prt-aent, turned upon 
the General in commatid, and sent orders to the chef de batailian, 
Suebet, to move down from the moontaina behind Mont Curmelo, 
attack him. Maiscna had already pushed back D'Argeuteau upon 
linelto, where the General resolved to make a stand. The con- 
waa aeriuuB, and MaBsena, charging himself at the head of hla 
'Ve, at length decided it by forcmg the enemy back on Settepaoi 
Melogno. Thither llie retreating force was followed up by 
iral Cervoni, at the lieadaf three battaliuna, across must diOicult 
(Dountain passes, so tliatD'Argeateui, finding iiohill of advantage left 
luin, fled for refuge and did not utop till he reached the valuy of 
« fiormida. Wallis heard duriug the night of the retreat of 
'Argeiileau, and fortliwith gave orders that hia whole army should 
ntire and assemble between Goisa and Finale, whence he hoped 
to cover his magazines at Savona. 

MuHBiiB, reflecting that the retreat of the Imperiatiata DiusI be 
billed through the pass of Sun Giacomn, sent orders to General 
lubert, tliough a feurftil night of hBilBIunn, to puab forward liia beat 
inarehers to occupy it. At break of day Wallia seut forward lo 
Wcure the helKhls of Pautaleone. This column, commanded by 
Pittuni,hiul as they thought cleared tliaC pusa, and under cover oftho 
dark weather they thought themselvea on the right track, but they 
kad in truth wandered to the road uf the Comiche, on which another 
tAuatriui column was moving,and the pass uf San Giaeomo not having 
been guarded aa Wallis had urdered, was already taken pusaessioti of 
'by the republicans. Suddenly a elinrp tire of musketry was poured 
«pon Fittoni's advance guard. Tha half-light and the uncertainty of 
Ibsir poaitiou appear to have atruck alarm into the wliole column, and 
In this dilemma tliu riedinoutese General called a CDuaell of war, 
■ad denumded whether he should cut his way through the enemy 
or await the further orders of Wallia. The weokeat solution of the 
dUBoulty was, as is usual In aueh eases, adopteit, and Ihey threw 
thmiiwlves temporarily mtu an old Spanish intrenchment that faap- 
led to be at hand, and which was anfiicicnt to stop tile republican 
achmelil, which was not strong enough to storm it. At length 
Vol.. IV. s 



Selacl 



r 



308 HOTHAK's ESOiGEMBJTT OFF UTEBB8. 

onlen atrired from Wnllis to retire on Finsle, bol in 
time Muaena hod croised the A^nDinrs. and appearvd in 
the SBTdiouuia, who bad by ihw delay lost their b«M 
mmpe- Now thera wns oolliing left for Piltani's safct, 
■noet ignDiiiinioua flight ; taure fui ptut, by by-wjiys itud liiehmi^ I 
ai they mulil, wu the order of tile day: fortj'-eiitht gous anil 100 tna- 
brilfl were left behindjiuid a horrid nmaf^eneDed. Ge&pral WtJUi 
hinuelf bad not been much more torlniiate, fur, retrealing by i» 
■tnndihe found hi maelf Hanked and cnuhed by tlie ^lun-boata, vluril 
at break of day had sained tlie atraad, nod now opened a heavy fn 
npoQ his eolumn. General Dontmartin also preseed close apon Mi 
rear. At lenglb they nltaiaod a rallyiog-plan in the munntuiB abaU 
Vado. Serrurier fonnd in the Cnupc eommnnded by General Cifl 
a tougher opponent, and his attack of tlie left about Mont Sao Bi» 
nardo waadelnytd snnM time by their renstsnce ; but on (he 9Mb, 
Seberer, now easy about his rigbt attack, sent Augereau witli HM 

men to reinforce Serruriar, with orders to attack the Hi 1 iiww 

vigorously, and fume them down upon the Tanaro. Colli atill ImM 
witli BtobburanesB the pass uf GareHsio, and kept the French in otwit. 
though at eomiilerable loss ; bu t at length hearing of the Attat at 
Wallvt, he haaliiy evacuated hie position without even removing hh 
guns, and f<^U Iiark, on the 2Sth, to the intrcnchad canip near O*^ 
Wallin pursued his retrograde march on the 37lb to Dego, and M 
the aSlh reached Acqui. The ennsequenecs nf tliia battle to te 
Aoatra-Sard army were lamentable; eigbtjr gana, hesidea tlaat 
' ich were in position ai the furUi, and enormoiu magaxinea wut 
I prize nf the ronquerors, glorious tropliiea of that gnM 
victory of Loano, which closed ihia campaign. The PreDcli «^ 
lained for themsBlTea immeiise mpplies of all kinds at Finata, Tal^ 
and Savona, and were now mBAtere of the heada of all ilie vaUm 
leading down upon Turin, hy the Orbs, the Dnrmida, aad lb 
Tanaro, while they oecupied in farce all the Bumniila of lIib Alpiat 
ridge at Mont Gen^vre, Hont Cenis, and the Little St. Becnrii 
and completely held in their hatida the pass of the Coniiche. 

90. NiTiL Win — Adhiril Hothiu's ENaaanENt owr llna^L 

Commodore Nelson, in the " Agamemnon,'' 64, having two or tfana 
sloops of war with him ou tlia look out, discovered on tba Jib it 
July the French fleet of Admiral Martin, off Cape Mello, aad it- 
■taotly aignalled it to Admiral Holham, who got up aiudior aal 
sailed in chase of the enemy aa far ae tlie llyeres, where lie fonnd lb<H 
on the 12ih, and forthwith threw out signal of battle. About a«a 
the guns of llie three rearmost Frencli ships were brought to bmt 
npon the British van, consialiaij of the " Victory," JOO, Raa^ 
Admiml ilann, " CuUoden," 74, Captain Thomas Trowhridgr. aal 
" Cumberland," ^i, Captain Rowley. The firs lliua oponed waa |» 



the " CumberUad." Unaecountabljr at this pedod uf tttu day tfas 



■95.] 



only trojiliy of 
'x Kre, anil in 
D uwful report, 



a J. FttBNOa SuCCLiBBKS A 



On the I4tb of SBptpmbvr b French sigiindmii, umlpr tlic mrnmiinil 
IlMtr-Admirnl Hicbiry, put bi ULit fi^m TduIod, vaiiBiatin); i:f dx 
Ipa of the line and three fHg&teB. Nuwh uC thU encii)>e was 
mitht (a Admiral Hulhitm »ii the 2and, but it was the 5th of 
>bcr before Rear- Ail mimt Miinn wub Bent in pursuit with aiic 
ijM of tho line. Ou llie 7lh <ir Uctuber, Riohery esme acnuu » 
avo<r under the pratcctioD uf tlie " Dedrnrd," "Ceiiaeui'," and 
■ --.ndH," oiT Cape SI. Viiioaut, The merehiuil ahi]>e were im- 
ily signalled to diiiperae, and the Fnncli Irigutca pursued 
, _nd captured thirtj'-utiu rf them; the roinaininK thirty.two 
^^ IT the " Argo," 44, Cautsin BurgeM, got utiay. The Fponch line 
!battle shipa nnvr prenud hurd upon Clie Eiigliah ehipe uf war, and 
a "Cenaeur" Oury-riggod and nnned fji jtiitu), after a contest of 
rtyminutea, ■Iruok to lliree of (he French 74'b; the renu^nder of 
IB ItriCi^ aquadron effi^cted thi-ir eSL-iipe. 
Towards the latter end of SQ|>t«niber the Clief-de-DiviiiLOD Qan- 
lUtne, with tlie "MoDtblanc," I'll and livu frigalee, alea escaped 
1 Touion, and steered for the Levant, when, in spite uf man/ 
« against him, be renched Smyrna, where **Le Sensible," 
n BlundeBu,had been some time blouliaded by Captuu Samuel 
aaa, in the " Aigle," frigate, 38. Captain Gatitheauma in Ida 
Uiae, whiefa extended in the Uardanolies, ouptured a great many 
Igtii^, Ruasan, and Neapolitan merchant vessuls, and at length ra- 
ined b safety to Toulon in tlie Urat days of February. 
Karly in Angust a fleet of Rnaxian shi|>s, onalstlng iif twelve sail 
the tine, came out of the Baltic, and associated itself witli a Brlljah 
nadron imdur Vice-Arlmirat Dimcan, whiell had been placed otT 
Te Texel to watch the Dutch fleet, tlien in the liauda uf thii French, 
it the combined fleets during lUe whole remainder uf tlio year 
■ ■ 'n the northern seaa. 



33. SlKOL 

On th« Sth of January in the West Indies llio ■< Blanohe," 33, 

riin Paulliner, disL^overed otT the lisrbour of Pcnnl-4-Petre, Gua- 
pe, the French friRate " Pique," 36, Captain Conseil. In the 
Idle of the night (he two vessela ran Ibui of eitch nther. and the 
'qua " made fieveral attempts to board, which were aucoessFully 
pnlaed by the crew of the " Blandie." In the oubBoqaent action, 
lile the ships continued toeked, Captain Faulkner fell by a musket 
at Ihrougii the heart, and Lieutenant Watkins tlien took the com- 
uid, and the laBhinjp having M \en?,\Xv \iHJiB,'WCn. <««». ■><«*- -ia. 
!(>re the wind; the French ali\p ^mrei »m^ fc Wx>«-'<^ ■»> ;^™^^^^_ \ 
m the "BJaDche," thai it %va ^laf. BMosi^itiSB* la ™» «=*•»*■ 



806 siirotx VNOAazMKXTS at bxa. [a.d. 

argw, whu at lenRth brouglil (n heir tha twn after gunn, which vfir* 
flnd with wich deBtrnctivo etfuRt tlimugh thn tUm mmr, tli*t lb* 
mklnniMt of the French frigBM frll over thx «ide, Miil u bn- ton 
Mid mixoiimiuiM hail already tallvn, «hennw anllod aloud Tor quarlcri 
every tniat on botri the " Bkiiolii- " had Ijmii Uvaimjrcd hi tho aation, 
and thcrefora Lioul«iiaiit Da^iU Milne and ten wamen 



" Pique " to take POBUuion of her. At duvUeht (he " Veteran," <4, 
Captnla Kelly, joined eomiiany, and toul! ilie frigntn In inw. Tlu 
"Blanehe" loci, beildce her captain, a mldsliiimtan and six meh 
kUlad and eighleca wounded; tlie "Pique" had acveuty-tlx killed 
and IOC wnundEd. 

On the I3tli of March the " I.iTely," MpM, 3!, Captain Burton, 
•aw tliree etmiij^ nail otl Unbant, and nve chase. Iliu Uramt ef 
Ibe thm, " Tourtwrelle," 38, Caiitalii MrinuUii, tAcked anif UmI 
towarda the Britiih fri){nte. A rliiHe nclinu ennueil, which laeted for 
three liDtirs, wlion the"Tiiurti'r«llo," haviuK loM her lopniMta lad 
bar malnmnit, hauled down her eolouri. The Freneh fetael had 
aixtien iiAicere and men killed, and IwenUr-ftte wounded i the Brilkb 
had only two killed, and an oflloer And a Hsmnn wouiided. Tlw 
eoniort frigatea became i>rix« to the " Lively " a tow days ailtt> 
warda. On the IDth nt April the "Aitrea," frlgato, H2, Capiat 
Lord Harry Pnulel, belonging In Rear-Admirat Cotmiy'i equadroD, 
ohaaed " La nioin," 30, Captain Ueene, and brouglit livr to eloa 
■otiun, and after about iin hour's caniionaile, ompelliid the Frenidi 
frigate to hnul down her eoloun. She had two uunaoi'ia in en** 
pany, " La Gentille " and " Ui Fratcniitd," the latter of which m- 
wpi'd, but the former bcffnmo a prim tii the BrWah 74 " llannib^" 
of the innio eqnadron, on tlie 1 llli. On the &th at May the Imik^ 
fHsBIcB in liunvillo Dny, Isle of JerHV, lighted thirteen tM itf 
Fri-'nch vi<i>»i'l> i'iinnin|> nliing the French ahum In the wHilliiiruiL 
The " Mt'lriiupiM." Ctipii.iii RidifLrd Stmchan, with tho boala nffyu 
IVI^atea imiJl'I' Uin L'LiiiiL<i:iii<t, uitni^kud tlie convoy, who ran under the 
prolui'ti'in III' ilii'ir hiii<t liriiiiriiH, Uiil ilie crew* mmui aliAiidnnid 
their nhip". niKl iIil' Iuuu- liiuirihiil, and took {HiunMhin of the wbule 
convoy, including two gtni vriwelii ; ten TeM«la laden with aUp- 
tiniber, powder, cannon. coflaKe, and otlier naval utoree beeuM 
priie to the Muilanta, who loat tvfo killed end aeventeen wonnded la 
the action. The eama cnterpriiiiug commander captured aufaab. 
i{u«iitly, on the 17tb of July, six French vchi'Ib Indcn niili nillitu^' 

alorea, and an iimie<l brig, "Vdnuve," uiili U.nr i 

tnen. Un Ilia IJth of May tlie Diltiih fii^ni. 1 1 < 

the llnnounble Alexander Coebmne, atuii I 'll i 

with tlie "HuwAr," M)cai*,Ill, i^ptaiu .iulii !!>>. 

oept Himi Freneh ninru-etiipe known lii b« in ••n.. .<! iU- i„.< ,. „, 

tlie United State*, dinvovered at ilAybrenk Urn uul Htjuuliug in tlw 
north-woat, evidently anned en fiMt. 11ie«» elilpe, ■■ uon •• diejr 
found they were perceived, huietod French eolnura and awaited tl* 
uproaoh of the two Britinh frigatci, who »dvaneod and owriHd 
tbeir broadaldcaM they got near. Inlialf an hour tlia" IluHar * had 
ootsiialled two out of tno five to ^uit tlie Hue, uud raoku aall tu tla 



1705.] aiSaLB EKSAGEMSKXa AT BEA.. 309 

qosner, liuuled dnivu ttieir colour* W the "Tlietis." The" Hussar" 
tnok one uf llie other two, ihe " RaiBoii," but tlm firtli etfected lier 
asca|>e. Ua die 25tli the sloop ot war " Thorn," IS, CB|iUin Olway, 
on the Windward Islands sla^tiun, fell in witli >nd cnplured, arier k 
Hjiiriled nciiun of lliirty-Hve miiiules, tlie corvette "Courier Ns- 
Uouel," 18. This wu a well-contested match, knd the Ion austaioed 
by the French ship allowed that her otfleers and men had done tlieir 
duty, and nanteeled bravely. 

On the 30th of Ma; a sijundmn, conaistia;; of the flsE-ahip " Royal 
Sovereiffii," lUO, anii tl•aT^4'», wUh tbres frigaten, under the Hoiiour- 
ahle Adiuirul Cumwallia, sailed on a cruUe off Ui^ant. On Ihe 
8th ur Juue they came in ■i^^htufa FiTnchaqundrunuf six sail, under 
Rear-Adminil Venoe, who with a numerous convoy in elinrgo was on 
his remm to Brest. The British chased, and captured eight of (he 
French convoy laden with wine, but the rest Rained Iheir anchorage 
in Calais Roads. As suon as Admiral Vcnce'a escape was known at 
Brest, nine sail nf the line, Iwu AO-gun ahipa, and some frifratei, 
■ailed (o revenge thomaelvea upon Admiral Comwallis. On the 13th, 
off Isle Croix, M. Villaret with a squadron fell in with Admiral Venee. 
Aocordingly a fleet of twelve line of battle ships and eleven frigates 
were culleoted uuder the orders nf Viee-Admiral Villaret-JoyeuM, 
Bear- Admirals Kei';;uelen ami Bruix, and two ropreseutativee of the 
people. On iha leth the ileeu came in si^ht of eaoh other, and 
Admiral CornwalliB appeai'cd a cortaiu victim. At daylight on the 
17tli the French fleet came up very fast upon hiro in three divisiona. 
At nine o'clock the French vansliip ojiened tire upon the "Man," 
who promptly returned it. About noon the cannonade became 
general, and in about an hour and a half the ** Klars " was observed 
iu such a crippled stale that the French pushed forward to seize her, 
when Cuniwollis iuterposed the powerful broadside uf his flag-ship 
and saved her from moleststiou. The flring con^nued partially till 
BJx or aeven in the evening, when the French ships shortened sail 
and Blood away, so that at sunset they were nearly hull down in the 
north-eoHt. 
I On the 27tb of June the British friitatos "Dido," 38, Captain 
1| Tony, and " Lowestoffo," 3J, Captain Middleton, came across the 
I EWnch frigates "Minerve," 40, Captain Perr^e, and '• Art^mise," 
36, Captain Charboiinier, both, by a singular coincidence, lo;jkiDg 
out for the fleets nf their respective notions. At half-past eight in 
the morning the French opened lire upon the Britiah. The " Dido," 
IluHCver, ri'served her fire until she got close under Ihe " Minerve," 
from whence she commenced a steady and well-directed cannanade 
upon her adversary. The French sliip, galled by her Gre, suddenly 
bore up wilh yards squared in order to decide Ihe contest by running 
down her inf^ar anlagODist with her superior weight and impetus. 
Captain Tarry, with wonderful coolness an<l skill, allowed the yards 
to touch, when he calmly pnt his helm a^n \o «.i<:fL& 'b '^vsth "^saA. 
must (uve sent Iii'm lu the bottom ;an4 now recw(eii3afe'*Vi»vttT^*' 
»urboard bow on his larboard qvuu^ei, \»W. ae-fortR^*** '^» *" 



N 



310 MILITABY OnARACTER OF ADMIRAL HOWE, fl!^' 



riggine or the " Diilo." Aa imniediatR ntUmpt Dii the part of Uib 
Frencli to Iwaril was Buceeaafully repulsed, altliough for a quortflr of 
ui liour ^e " Dido" was litemlij' lianging on the "Minorve's" bo«- 
B))rtt, whtdh St Inigtii gave way from [lie weight, cnrrviiig wftli it tha 
foremast anJ mlxeiimBsI, togelUer wilh tlie galT tflBt cMTivd the 
colnora. The Bigiiul-mui, Henry BitTliTig,with cliaracteristicbtaverj, 
iuMantl}' got a onion-jaek to tlie >iiinn|i of Ilie noat nnd nailed it 
there: tlie mutual cannonade rccnmmeuced «ith vi^iur M aoan u 
tbo ahi[>a gnt cltar. The " Aiifmise " wsb not so difficult to be «ati»- 
fied as tlie "Minerve," &nd ai:cording[y tlie " LownHtnlfe" found hendt 
at liberlj' to come tn the "Dido's" asHiHtance. After a eonteet at 
three tioara and a half tha "Mtnerve" struck to the " Jjoweatoffe,'" 
for the "Dido" was in as helpless a state ns her antasonisl, ai ' 
miuld nut take posaeasioii. The '*' Art^iniae " got away, liie Freni. 
vessel lost twenty liilled and voundi?d, and among the latter bar 
gallant captain. The two Bi-itish vesseU Inst ai^t kilk'd and twentf 
wounded. Od the 23iid of AugitsC a email Uiitish squsdron crnlinif 
in the North Sea, otT the coast of Norway, diicorered two Dnut 
triBaleB, ■' Alliance," HG.and "Argus," 36, with «1B cutler " Vlugheld," 
IS. The wind permitted the British fnEnte "Stau," 33, Captah 
Joseph Yorke, to close with the "Alliance, and after about an lumi'l 
contest obliged her to haul diiwn her culours. The " Argoa" wUK 
th^ cutl«r got safe into the hnrbnur of Egeroe. 

In the mouth of September the " Sonlhampton," 33, CnpttuQ Mm- 
namarn, whn had been left with a aliHip of war in company to watd 
the piirt of Gen^ia, having now occasion to send away the aloop, ths 
French fiii(ate''VeBtale,"3(i, wilh three conaorla.toi.k advantsi^rf 
the circumstance to run fi>r the harbour nf Toulon. Captain 1* 
natnara immediately crowded Bail after the squadran, and fir« 
broadside into the " Vestale," who returned tlieGro,aDd after thiK]^ 
Ave minutes it brouBhl down the " Soutliampton's " mixeniDBal j f~ 
wbieh disaster the French veneele made all sail and got away ; b 
the republican commander dcsei-ved to have been cashiered, for,wl 
the odds in hii> favour, he might have enaily captureil the Briti . 
frigate. A gallant action of the British hired cotter "ltos«,"9, with 
three privaleera demanda notice, vincc ihe determined gaUantrji «( 
her commander was very remarliablc. With a king's nieBaenger ml 
a cargo of ipecie on board. Lieutenant Walker thotight it mit 
to hoiwrae himself the asBuilaiit. He firgt tried to run down nn« nf d 
three, but failing in this he poured in sueh dealrucUv* broadaUH 
tipon her from hia small gnna that uhe at once submitted. Me (I ' 
■iond after the other two, and wilh well-directed lire sent one of tM 
Id t)ie bottom, but the tliird escaped. The lieulwiant wltli m 
diffioidly secured the one that had struck to him, and ourM Ui 
]trize safely into Baatia. 

33. REaiQNUIOll AND MlLIIAUT ClttUITEH Of ADMIRAL E«tt 

Howit, K.G. 
L Richard Sorope Howe was the aceond ton of Lord Tiaoonal U 



705.] MILITAUY 0II1.K&OTBH OH AJJMIBir. HOWE. 311 



id Charlotte Kir^ltiinnw-Kci'. tlie cUpbI dniiglitcr of the Coiinteu or 
uliilglon, wlium Ilomou Wiilpuloiisaci'tatuhnvnbeenft ilaugliterof 
lllg George (liu Fll'iit ; lu lliiil thLe eallunt Adiriiml hsjl tlie blnod 
yii In 111* vciiii. Ho wns burn in 172B, a»<1 Ml Euiii BClionl U 
a ue ol fDUi'tscn ti> gn nut wilh CDiiiiiniiliiro Aiiwin ou hia voytga 
uniTtha world. Jn i;4A, wliuii liu wm id uumiiiiitid ol • sluop 
WU-, h« alinml in h light witli twu Kreiich friKKUa oKi-ryiug wuib 
r t1>* wrvloa uf thv I'rehmder, in whiali hs rtiOBir«d b mvivb 
aund rniMi h miisliet IikIHii tliahsnd, AtthBi!aniin«ii«cnioiituf tha 
iren Yaua* Wnr, lia waa aiittlDiiad off tlio Qulf of St. LEWrenM, 
Adiuiml BmiiBweii'i iqundrou, wlion wwing two FmiicIi uhlji* of 
IF in tli« uSliig lia can'iod n pram oF ull to mch tliinti, uiil 
ftdMVDurod to pciiunda (ho "Aloida" tn yield (ii n iii]iiilfi-Kily 
jMlwrlDr foroa, >a wnr wm aJi'eftdy drnkrcd, but tlie ciiiiiimiinlL'i-. M. 
■ Hooqaarl, n>fUud, uyitig Ui lilin witi) a hIifuk, " Cuiiiiiiciu'iv, K'il 
~' % plitlt." U.iWB replieil, "S'ii voiin phit, Mnniioiir, jc cunimi'ii- 
il, ' and ini mediately oiwned fire upon hi ni, tind nCtsr 



af klwut an liuur tlia Frunuh ahiu atniek to CupUiu Ilawe. It !• 
JNlatod in pitwf uf hia odobeH In iruiier,th>t on ana ousmIuu lie vria 
Kwalwiwd m the night by llie llentonaut of the watch informing lilm 



the ahlp wu on flro. " If Ihnt ba Iho omu," anid h 
. loiow It." Aa he wm putliii); on hieclotliax tlia ofiioarreturaad. 
mylnB. " You ncod not ha arritid, Hir, the [Ire la exti(i)tuiahad," 
'Ataiidl" aaye Uie oniitnln, "what do yon iiiumi by tliati" tlten 
Mliliil tlie liHUbinant hiU in tha faoa, hn adrlud, ■■ How do»a a man 
ImIi tKr. when lie ia afmiill 1 noed not aiik how he lookai" in 
l?'! tl>« bkttenid fort "f Aix aiirreudnred (o hln and Admin)] 



Bm the 
[KHke. 



In 179S ba WM kii|ioint«d Commodore of a foroa t< 
■ I Iho « 



|he enemy's dooii, and on llie uch of August ho doatrayiid iht baain 
of Clwrbourg. Tlio miBucceaiful nlTair iif Si. Cnu fiillo>ved, In which 
U* oourago, akill, and humanity wero niant oiiiwpicui>iia. In **" 
Mina year ha aui^rndiid hln plJor hrolhur (killrd ill ARiHrioa) ... 
■be tiuee and nreiifriy of hw fiimily. hi tlie fnlhiwiiig year Lord 
Hnwa Mptnnid llie " 'I'li^x^a " ami llit> " I'lirnildilla," an<l <in Iwiag: 
pi—untoil to OeurgF 11. un llila iiconwuu hia Majiwly wid, " Your 
Uvt injp Lord, liaa bepn one ooneinnad aarlm of mrviraa tu your 
i" In 1770 ho waa promoMd to ba Roar.Admiral and Coni- 
-in-Chiefin the Meditorrpn^an. In 1709 ho waeappolnled 
--- ' tlie Huat tittad out fur the relief of Gibraltar, end moat 
aeoniTipllalied tho Iniportaut abje«ta of that cxpodition. 
efTeotually roliev«it, the Iiuailta flovl haMad, and 
h» ardanl hotma uf hia oountry raallted and uractflad. Hiup«etin|[ 
he ndiof uf Gibraltar it haa Itaeu Juady uld " that r-iral)^ nallona 
Mknowleitge iu Rlory, and every (iiltire wee will ooiiflm ll." In 
Januury, I7B3, be wm DomliiatocI (Init I.nril of tho Admiralty, 
lad In 17(17 he waa advancnd to tlia rank of Admiral. In tha year 
I7BS lie waa ralaed M thn dignity of an lUrl of Oreat briUln. On 
tte bTBaklnii out uf ilin Ki'viirulliinbry war, he waa appointed ta tha 
•inninaad uf itie ChiLnnpl fliwt. hi I7l)4, having lila Hug on boaril 
ti» " Itoyal George," 100, ha woni to aa* bi hiuk after thn Ilniat 



S13 nfSVllHECTIOHl IM TStX VVVT tSDUS ISLASDS. [^A.I>, 



Haet, >ad on Ihe Id of Juno tctiu'd iiii (lorioun tletorj' ovav tha 
republloHii 8Mt of Admirol VitlnnWuyeiiu. Air which Iw wm 
itaamatlj banaunH. Lord Howe wu lu tha J3ai ysar of lib »gt 
mbmt lia iibulnad lil* icroat mvkl vloti<ry; ha onlinued to ana- 
VBtui th« Clwnnal drat tiil llila j«»r, wh*n ill hiitKli nliHitBd liira to 
rMi|N, In thi simr 1707 l>« wm InvimMil with ill* nr>l*r of tli« 
Outer, BDil I* KlmriHt ilm ool}' nafkl nfflovr uf ntibonl iliaiinDliiin 
who OTwr huiiuurwJ llikt uielent Orilsr of KnlBhthifod by tmaomiDf 
oDs of ita eompMiidu, II* died in 3(iplamb*r, 17&B. 

EbtI IIowf wb* in panon till •nd wdU {iroportinned, with •triH)E|j' 
markod am) dick IsaturH, nnil » afngularl]- tianh *xprnnlaa. Hit 
mioil WH atrons wltli ■ comraet Judsmeiiti ba wm « man of ala- 
gular taclturnil;, bul at o<id1 and aieaJy inlnur. HI* 
will] gmU brnrory, gave rlM to tha uyini, that 
madp a rrli;iiil>iUi|> but at Iha moulb ofaaanncin," Hinithiaf otiaiae- 
tsriatiu aa a Irurlnr wm hia patiant imdiiraiw* und«r ailvurH vtvoIb 
M W'll M in iJai>H«r. Hu wa* uniroraally aeknowladp'd a* Ifao tnl 
wflMifflitar uf IiIh tima, aiid wu a nallor of oonauniaiata ■Mmanahlp. 
Tlu> laat act of hIa lito wu Diorted lo eompoaa a metam^hoty nnUinr 
in hi* own tioblo prubwilan. It wu tbn pnwlUr lot "f thia AdniiM 
to brlnji back to loyalty in harbour the Haol ha bad conducted la 
I1I017 on tha *"*. in* oxpariano* and Jadnnanl ■iimwlod to 
goVDDimant tha boat tiuuiiria la lia pnmuad In tlin abtrinli>|t is- 
*ubardirutinn in tlia flaat iliat tn 1797 dlalraNwd aiul t-rHAod tb* 
natiiin ; whila hi* pitrannal inHnanex pnwArTnlly ha1pa<l tii nrall tbi 
niU|[uidud ■ramnn to tholr rumicr oamer of duly ami "badimiM. 

94. CMonitL WjtA— iNiiinHKCTion tn ma Old TnKwa W«r 



In tiin unrliaat <t»ya of Ihi* yaar olgbt or Uti mli of 
havinit SOOO man on board, ondor tlie protrotlim iif tlin Krxtirh 
of tho lino" L'ileniulc,"7i,'' L'Aitr^ 38, and annUier anixxl ahlpor 
two that had aallod fi'urn liri-^t in NovAmber, arrivitd at liiuilalnop* 

aftor a mint narroiv -f-; ■■ ,f -ipinr^ fnim ihp Hriliab aruUara. 

Tho anrlval nf M- m ' - ' ' rii"ii( Impimi Victor IIucim 

1 gMiwnl !■■ > I I ■ . ■ I I'll Kn'iriiinent in ibo W««| 



ll" lonk ll 



IndiDD, bv*T«ilillt' 11 I' ' :il[<l li« tiiiiiialit tha 

paaafM*!! by Iiiliiii:- < ::' ii: ' I 'liK lilnck alai!.'*, IIh 

IiilBnd<ifSl. I':ua[|itUwiih..iit<lllIli'>iliy,und aant nini.aurin bibi Si. 

Liiaiii ttf pri'pBra tlin iioopia of oulimr for a aLniullaiwinut n'ViiU with 

tha diMBrelcil Frriioli in thai aulony. The liummiitiixi bruh> um 

»o audili'iily tliat llm Ilrltiah Rarrlion wu onirpowcn"!, !■"' -tfWiH 

thoir ratroal into llu Fort of Moiriia Porluao. Un ilu' ^'^n^l .>f \Lir>i 

Briiiadlar-Genariil litawarl In aninmand adnnocd uh.kk 

lio^ In Souffrltra, wharo thay liad onllaeUid to|irl)i< 1 

foToa; ttioaa on bl* approach alta«kad tha [lrltlth,«ii' 

of mm* hour* woro iibll)[«d to roiiro. On tho irnh 

Rwdo thanwolvNi mutora uf the Vigia, utd iliraiiviutU iiti< un'ri^iia 

'~ ''-- Uoma ) wbu,on ttila, dolsrmioad lo withdraw Iruut (La kki>4( 



17d6.] ivf CBBSoncwB is nu vm nvus UL^vsa. I 



«4iich tfacr •ncnaUl «■ Iba Ukk of Jm^ mJ «»b«UJ ^i^ 

(Drbed in Umw iliiK 

The Mbad of St. ViMM lad liJipJ U tW Fnadi ip ito wtf 
MrtiiriIiB«ntBrT. Whn Uh» tnt aWM dM*> m mm oktii 
In the i*luil, <a>« Uh> nd iMdn IndMhwl ib Mko- ih> IfaA 
etiunripktnl nr^ros ) tU tallMl nqwaMj Pwita TW iMovU MHfc 
between tbetc people bid b«a tinlhiiii. m1 k*d h^ I^m 
■drantagBcf bv llu tnn^mittint bu tb^ wm W<n^ baMlla I* A* 
wUtca, Mid had ram in Juwinnttwi ■liil iba BdMfc nta a^v 
tbtjr euns m pcwHwrn df lb* bUnd m) ib* pMo* <f PMte. 

Cuibbee cbia^ nuned ChMajv, m " '■ ' ' 

of Uarch nodcr tlw JaKlniinri 

Viel«r Hainai, who Mel aa» | 

■nd on the 13th tlw reroltan ital | 

warkmU and oDiniwpda Kioffilea. Iba «pital •( Um I 

B ealep M oooo dclM ■ • - - ■ • ■ 

taebiamt of miliii*, _...., . , 

wilpn. hid bT CaptiUD Okoipbell U lbs tfib. sod (^pttia 
tbe "Zebra, droTe tb*m trum lh« hiD aith dn baa id 1 
who fell in BHiKle eombat wiUi Uajor Uilh. Altrr mrrml faMa*^ 
medisto MiilHHa thii poM m »(8la ibIim frma iba DtMiab oa flw 
7th at lAM.y. obn Kbnk U aricr a bbmdjr agBflid (n Uw laUa ' - 
mominiC. The Conmiaader-hi-Chiirf, Sir John Vaariian. obw i 
mined to nuk* a prompt and TitDrDoa (fart to anab Iba r«*ab, 
the 4ftth and 60tta reglmcDt* *ilh miliita anil gam 




Colanel Leighlon adiincfd tcuinat ib« obcmij' at Viiia ott ibe ilb tt 
June. Tbe puat waa taken with •luj' Froich mMen In carriKa^ 
bat the Cariba contriTsd lo gK amy. On iha ISib LiJ|Blfla a4- 
' ' 'i ihe ranbbea enontrr and Wok b * "* 



Yonnic, and no the ISlh of Se^lmibcr VietuT Hwiwa hiianU will 
• military furc* landed at Owia Bay, at Iha n irlhiniiniKt pofai <a 
the inlanil. Tlie Goeencir inunadiately racaUad Colon*] LiigkUM. 
and aaaembhtd hia forea annnd KlngMon. The CoDmaadar-i».Cl)M 
lent oorr forthmth from Uatlimqiw the 48tb, t4tb, and Sttb tval- 
mcnbiuiuIerHajor.G«nanU trrinf lokniM ia dia drfmee af St. Vw- 
oent'n, and after n abarp eonlcat at Iba Vi^'a on tba lat of Odobar, 
Iha enomy abaodoned the poat, wben the Carib^ deaeftad by Ibair 
French alliea, were cnmpelUd lo Kurrandc 
In tbe ialand (if Unnada the ' - " 



!T and man} o( Iba Engliih inhabiianta wm mu>lerad 
in tbeir beda at Charlotleiowit Vretmt demaiid* for aunwur ba'iof 
been diipalched to Martinique, Bnadier- General Umbay airlTod 
with a reiDforepniMit on tin IZih of March and awuinaddweonitnaiid. 
He marched with all the force be ooald coUaet wilbnut delay ajiaiaat 
the rebel*, whom be (bund oMabliehed at Itelrldere, and Carried tba V 
Hnl outiKMitii but being delaj'ed by tba Mvenl^ lA >Xus woik VnMh \ 
*"--"- • ■ " in »,Vit*«% \ 



814 MA.SDON V/\R IX JA^MAICA. [l.D. 

wbcHBTemforcenicntnriSSOnien arrived at the ialKnd. An attempt 
waH made im tlia Sih to asiiaiilt tlio pcmiiiqii of the rebels at Bel ' 
dere, but tlie alUck failed, aod 100 men and three oBicerH »__. 
kiltrj, flft; wvra al»u mndu prisoueni, wlio were brutntly put b> 
dektb the mnniing; after this disastrous affair. On this mitler 
RgKin mled until urigBdler-Genenl Nicholls wu SMit over in com 
maud In tho middle of the aune month ; then tlie rebels, vooiwd u; 
in B Miner and acantily previrionad, were hud dlMreawd hj tb 
prudence and wise precautions of lliia General, so that lieTure the 
end nf June their li^ader Fedon having been muled with ciHUii'" 
aUe ilHiighter fav u detachment under Lieutenant Hinnaber iif 
fiSlh, iiialtera settled dnwn again to tnnqnillitj, though it ma 
end oF the year beroie all the attempta at rebelUpn were q^nite es- 
tininiialifd. 

On the Gth of Juno n rrpubltuan party landed near Pa^ua fa Uw 
island of Dominlea, and ICO French planters in Callihant qoarla 
ruw in inBurreeiiau againut the English planters, but thoie were 
at length mused tu actiiin and flew to tlie fight with a prBisewc>TIb;r 
aianrily and courage. By the jiidicioue alspoMtiuus of Captain 
Bathe, tlie luteUle biidiris were hejit apai-t until the 17th and 19th 
of June, when the rehuls were oompelled tn ask tor termn. VicWf 
Hugues however iiieditited, as the most sei^inis blow sgunsi ih 
BrillBh in the Anlilles, tlie recovery to his eountry of tlie island i 
Martinique. On the ^th of December a tbree of 160 men of a 
coliinm, with four fiald'pieoei nnd TOO stand of anus, secretly dis- 
embarked ill the bay of Vuiolnin. The Earl of Dalhoune, the 
Goveinor, immediately attaeked them, and theugh he was himaalf 
wounded in the enoauDier ho collected all ihe troups and the militii, 
and chased the invaders into the woods, where be put them tn Uta 
aword. Nevertheless, though his attempts in the end all btled, 
Victiir Ungues lisd good rcBMm to pride himself in the vast extml 
of depredation which he hail oecaaioned with such inaufflcient meam 
against the jioweriiil enemy of his cituntrj, and on tile facility and 
trifling luH with wliicli he had effected it in spite of the presence 
and strength □( the British Hqunilron and ei-uisers in the Citribbean 

25. Maboo.'^ W.tR js jAa«ic*. 
To add to the troubles oF Great Dritnin in her colonies at 
period, B Mnroon rebBlllon. in which Victor Hueucs hud probably nv 
part, broke out in tbe coluny of Jamaica, When that colony wm 
oonquered from (lie Spaniards by Oliver Cromwell, the endaved 
Africiuia had retreated tu tbe mountain9,insiating that the land* the; 
ocuufiied were their own ; they proved a sad Ihnm in the side of tke 
English from the beginnin);, and in 1773 had so increaeed In 
linmbers that means were taken for their BUppreBeion; but tliBM 
, failinjf, iliey were left free, with certwn privileges, among which WM 
/ J> remjwidi/e alipnlation, tUnt tliaj were nW. \*i \io -^mviahisd. by ihs 
Jadicatiu-e of the island, but were to Xie dtVivovei n? v> *ik« ™™ 
people to be tried for any offeuoe oir crime. \o ftio musaii Tfl 



X79S.] MlltOOK VAB. 11" ■TAMAICA. 81S 

. li* jrM, Ivrii MariKiti*, ilulciutvil in t, limn, wvn> ■iipivlii'nilBil, iriiHl 
fc)' ■ oulunia] jurj', mill rTutviici-d ti> W Ilii){|{iid; tllry iimiuHli*cl tii tliv 

" ■ rtppltlng UD rfilrpM, Ihc.v ipiit > writtwu dtflKnca 

Tlia nillltift WM« acoiuylliiitly »ll*d nut, but It 



i diWRtuii uf duparlaiiuf, knnw that < 
td di* pmBrmi i>F ili* iriin>|>rirM In w 
^hl pnidllily uvtrUka l)i»m by bviiiIIi 



mil. in.t inorial. On 

Hj^lllHl lliH MtnMUi 

vvivari by k TOlloy of 






111* g 



■Wilh n .1, :. 

wmk-i.- i...,. 

riiU uiti>iru.L.,.i. ,.;;i.,i .. ^. .!{'-,' IV,.. ..»M>^ It iliyurl 

IHlh llll ln:i.J iiL'imi'ulLa fi'uiii lu> Liiily and t'ntiinib«d In li 

h«v*li] Tho Colaiilil AiMoililv, Irrltaud at ilicw iiilRfordu 
I U Mnil t(i CuliA fuv • liunilnnl of ihulr blooJ-liium 

iv;i|../''!'."'' ',""'"""'■ '" •-"'"'■••"> '■'. •'■' II"'" '■",!,""■' 



" Ji'( 

D| tllH »tHl 

l(«y mriiH 



l.-«Uli, 



iinKipillaUl 

HI.' iif 'tllPif 



II iMr IN 



W Wll ll|llulfl V 111 tl 

■hlji ilinii iitr frii'ii ihi) l«l*nd, •»<! in»y wc 

Nov* Srotin, wlivn iMpi wt>ro tnkvn, «t M expvnai' »r Sft.mxU. 
itml for tlin piir|'iii>ii. to looato tliem nl Hulifitx, Ihini wlioiieu ill 
no Iha Hirvlvats wcro rtraovod lu Siorra It«(iDa< 



816 BEDDCtiotr or all thb ntrniH coLOSiEa. [xJt. 



S6. ReDDCTION of *U. TDK DtTTCS CoLOMIU BT TOB BtttTtSII. 

EkrI]' in the mnnth of Auguat a, Britidi ■quiilran nnder Ihs ordqra 
or Viee-Ariminil Sir George Keicli Elpliirisume, DowBting of tfan« 
74'*, Iwn 61'S| and tirn bIoujib, witli llie 70lh rsciment, ooiUn»ni]«d 
by UNJor-Guneml Craig, anchored in Siinoti'B Bay, Cii|>« pf Good 
Hope. PropoMilfl ware forthwith Biibinitieil to tho f)ut«li Govnrncip, 
Geuent Slugalien, tn surrender dio Bettlcmcnt to the Brilialt In 
truHt (or the Stadtholder ; this the laavernur refuBcd to enteruio, 
Kid MCordJDgly on the Uth, the 7fllh nnd Ihe nuirineB were Undad, 
Mid took poueuinn uf the town. The Dutch miUUit unl Uoiifluinn 
occupied ■ camp in Ihe pass ot Mikjxenberg, distuit xix luiiv* from 
CaiiH Thwi), whicli it naw became necesanry to ntUok. A diKach- 
meot or 1000 Beamen were tliemFore Innded rrom tlio fleet, kod 
Tonne'l inlu twu b&ltnhunB, bringing up tlie flrengtli o( the uuuklll| 
roree to 1SD0 men, wliicli Kdvanced on the 7lh klong the ihorc, tlMlr 
line ot mareh being covered by the guna at the ships, Kun-lioUB, Btrf 
Uunchea. Tileae opened audi * lienvy fire upon the Dutch Mlii^v M 
oompelled every mon in it to fly before even Geneni Cniig sod tlu 
troop* cuuld cu-opentle, vho arrived and look posBeaaian of 1h» 
mbandoned post in the ^emoDn. On the day fi)l]iiwing, the enamy 
endflKVOured to retake Ihe pnaL, hut failed in tlie attempt : bul on 
Ihe 3rd of September Ihey advanced iguuBt il with all the (o(M 
they could muster, togetlier with eighteen field-pie«ee : hut ju>t at 
thiB critical moment s conudsrable reinrorcement of troop* fmro iIm 
Ei«t Indies, under the oommnud of General Sir Alured Clarke, OaM 
anchor in Simon's Bay. rrepnrations were forthwiili an(lerbtli«n n 
ut enlorgvd scale to attack Capo Town, hut nn the Uili tile Q»> 
vomur, idnrmed, capitulated, and the town and eulony fell into the 
pOBseiBion of OreM Britain. 

In July an expedition was organiied at Madras, under Rear- 
Admiral Biuiiier, for the reduction ef the Dutch posscaaianB «d Um 
Malacca peninsula. On the 1st o£ August it csai luiclior near Trin* 
oomalee, and an endeavour was made lor a negotiation with tha 
Dutch Guvamcr of Ceylon, to admit 3U0 Bdtiali tnwps to jtarrUoa 
Fort Oostonburg. On failure of this, the trouiiB were landed on Uia 
Sri ; no reaislonce wna ofTcred, tut it was the lUth bef.iru tnnif» 
could be propareil and landed for Ihe reduction of tlie t^irt of Tri>- 
oomalee, before which the ground was broke that same day. On lb* 
S!lrd the batteries opened, and efTecCed a practicable brrnoh on iIm 
Sflth, wheu the Dutch CommaudiLnt was bniugiiC lo lermH and ■oP' 
rendered that fore. Doatcuburg' surrendered next day, and lb* 
whole islaud eubnuttod to General Stuart on the IsE of Uctobor. 

A force under Major Brown nnd Captain Ncwcome of iht 
"Orpheus" obtninod poaseBsinn of Mohwca on the 17th of Anguai, 
Wld snbaeqiicntly of t-'hiuaura aiid ila dependenclr* in itie Ha>«( 
Bengal, Cochin China, and all the remaining Dutch solllnnieoa, «■ 
the cuDtimut of India; so that it nuy be eaid, in the wonls g( 
Jocnini, *■ La HulUnde ue put fchappur k on sort plus fooile i prtfnir 
in'4 rfTiler," 



1793.] MILITABY OUAKACTEB OF QSN. VASHUlaTOK. Slf 



ST. WlB IN PeBSI;!. 

Upon the inth of Khutim Kban io 1779 > bloody war of ano^ 
_.BUoii nfced in llie kiDgdiim of Penis, out of whicli, through a ••• 
«f tkliMxl, Agn Mehomet Klian itt length oliliuucd the NVeraiitD 
Title. The mJDiJ uakriia at ihn rstiikl uf ihu hurnira b; which Oi* 
•nccenrul aotniwlitur wnvkud bis leugBinm upon tlie v>i>4iiiiili«d. 
Every mala ftdult wu either alaiii or d<^priv<!il at sight ; 7D/KMI 

'^ oils mrt tMi) to have been deprived of their eyei, anil tlib nan- 

WM cueeeded in thuae mauacred. AFutr hii had «alj>blidicd 
« M huine, lie ri^Bolved upon the BuLjugation uf Georgia, wbioh 
at Uiia time uudar tile jjovemnient iif iuis aged Hemcliua, *ho 
itened tu plaoe himiteir under tlie protei-tiou uf the Ruwan 
but Mehemet Khau perse ifen>d,and eapluted in the cnura* 
uia year Tefflia, tlie capital. The aack of thia fluuriBhins tnwn 
« attended liy every brutal e!H>eas of cruelty that nalialul liatrad, 
lamed by bigotry and iufenutl pulicy, could dictate. Youth and 
auty were alone ainred in the general butchery, to bevunie alaves 
iba CDuqueruT*. The churchua were levelled with the gruund, 
d every prieat that could be found waa put to death— tin lusanda 
. ITS led away captive, and the Persian anny marched away laden 
•titli apoiU The next objitcl uf deaire to Ihu Kluut was KhoraanD, 
"Iw aged aovereign of wbiab waa known to posaeaa jewela of ineati- 
uLle value. In vain tlie old luan, with the moat eolenin oalhi, 
leafed that be poaseased theni ; lurturc in all ita furtna waa applied, 
Bd diacoveriea iiept pace with tlie paiila inflicted. At length a circle 
I paale waa applied to hia grey liura, and boiling load poured into 
I, when, (iverccinie with the torture, ho revealed llie ruby which ba<' 
deoolBted the crown of Aurungzehe, and wlilcli waa tlie chief objec 
^ eesTch. Thia unhappy grandauu uf Nadir died soon after tbia 
terrible iuliiatjon. 

28. MiLiTABT Chaiucter of Getikbil Wji>ui:NaTOi'. 
Just before the gIobs of the century, died General George Wash- 
ington, at bis seat, Mount Vernon, in Ibe United Stales. Although 
of a reapeclable Engliiih origin, hIa family had been for tlireo gene- 
raliooa domiciled in Norlh America before the birth of George 
WaahingcoD, who waa therefore American-bom in 1733, Before he 
was twenty he was appointed a Major in the Colonial Militia, and 
Dominated one of tlie Adjutants. General of Virginia. lie diua h«d 
occasion very early to aoquire thoae military talenu whieh rendered 
bim of anch eaacntlal service to his country. In 1763 Major Wath- 
ington waa employed hy the Governor of Virginia in a negotiation 
with the Frenob Governor uf Fort dn Qneane, who thrmtetied the 
English frontiers with an invaaion of French and their Indian allies, 
and boBtiliticB beaoniiug inoriiablo, lie waa in the next year ap- 
pointed Lioul .-Colonel uf a regiment raised by the cohiny for its de- 
fence. In I7GS he served nnder Genenl nraildock, and waa ijixkb!:. 
in tite carus^ of the baltlo ot t\imim(,ift«\»., imS. ^MKissKjKcSs^Na. ~^ 
L tringing hack the reraaiuaut V\io toittci \wio\»- "^-i-wa^ ■*=» ■«»»»- 



318 HILlTAKr OOAHiCTEB OF BBS. WASniNSTOlT. [A.1). 



firteeii years WnBhiiiglnn wus Uvinj; as a country fsentleniBii oa lA 
eat&te, whi^n he wilh, us n iltsling;iii9heil fllizen, elected to Iha flTBt 
congress wliioh oasemliled bC Philndelphin in I774> i^bich unam- 
mously ennferrud on him the GomniBnd of llieir army in March, 177S. 
A aoldier from necessity and lULtriu^sni rather than diapositiiin, lie 
was forced inUi grentness by ciroumstonces, Bad it wjie ralber Uia 
aolidity tnd peraeverance of liie diaraoler than the eiidenre of anj 
axtraordinary Henins for tlie art of viar that made him an ^^lalem 
commander. The chief chnraoteristiDB of Washington were gravitj' 
and dignity in mannerB and aspect. Tt haa been said by thoM 
who wen near hin person, that they never knev him to smile during 
Ibe whole war. He preferred al all times to be a listener rather 

ia&equency of his conversiition canCributed to incrcBse hU persona] 
ioflaence, for this is often found to produce that result, It was lbs 
very peculiar character of Washington's genius that could alone ban 
brought into any effioiency the tangled alfaii« of the. Republic It 
required the eiiusumraate pmdenco, the calm wisdom, the infleuUe 
firmness, the muderate and well-balanced temper of WaBhiDgUm, Id 
get hie countrymen under military discipline, and to enibracu Ika 
plan of policy that was beit opposed to an enemy whn waa man 
likely to be exhausted by time than by defeat. To peraevers in this 
policy against the enthusiasm of a liberated people ; to nniat lb> 
(emptatiims of enterprise ; to fix the coniidence of bis soldiers *ill»- 
out the attmction of victory i to support the spirit of the annp nd 
people amidtt slow and caulioua plans of defensive warfare ; and W 
suffer all liie lompurary reproach and obloquy that vts the cortaia 
result ; these are qnalitim of a very high order, that demand llw 
gratitude and admiration of posterity. As a military GommaudeT bs 
succeeded in attaining to a perfeetly accurale estimate of the chano- 
ter and extent of the resonrces which his own country could supply. 
and waa enabled lo conduct the war an a plan heat adapted to lbs 
circnmstances of the occasion ; but this nHbrded no means of judging 
how hi bis abilities were suited to the defence or attack of potjliow 
or of forti&ed places, or of any of the great mancenvrea of a cam- 
paign, since almost all the cxpeirience we have nf his talents in iba 
field consislB iu beating up the enemy's quarters, or as at Braody- 
wiue Creek, opposing the passage of a considerable force. The only 
exception to this was the manner in which be wore the neb reiuit 
Lord Comwallis at York Town, which was certainly accompliabed by ' 
himself and his Fi-snch associates with consummate skill. MnchlUH 
been claimed for Washington fur the maguaniniity of hia character 
during the ravages of a civil war, and no one would refuse Un *U 
the pratae he may justly merit on this account; but two instanoM 
must be named iu which he is thought to have been delicieiit in the 
great qualities of a hero ; viz. the execntiou of Major ARdr^.andlbs 
eourse adopted towards Mr. Aa^ll, a prisoner of war in his bands. 
There is no doubt whatever tluic Major Andri waa a staff-officer is 
his General's business, and that he was within the enemy's liiiea witt 
tlie full knowledge of llie General at that moment entrusted with tiM 



S.] intlTAKY CUAHAOTBB OT SEU. -frABIIINOTOIT. 819 



amnnd. The treacliery nf Genernl AniolJ did nnt mnUe Major 
irt n apy, knd U wiis pitiful in tlio niennest degree to nreak ven- 
jini) U|>an ui Iminljle K)tent becnine lie could nnt ratuli Uie iirincijial 
inquvul. Bat grnntlng that thtHiBaiierriini-oiia view of the oflenEV, 
I that miliUr)' law miut conHiditr Mujiir Aiiilrt as a tjiy, how 
picablfl wan thu pally cxeruiw o-f |iow?r that could insultingly 
at in tho view of the uiifortun&te ofHrcr tho gKlLiwii uii which ^~ 
I to bo hung eeveni dara iLcrove Uia exeouliun. So again w' 
A«gi!l t the temper Inherent in n olvil war brought midIi bit 
nt* into play, that each party m it triumphed wreaked vengi 
Ih opponent with every exccu of erndlty uid wmng— the 

■ >B bad oa the othfr. But could it he crBilitad Ihnl an nffiMri 
1 beanme a pmoMsr under terma of cnjiitulntion, elnmld he miIvi 
lMoratherwlM,lo he hung in repaiHtion of injuripB of wUioh 

■ not nuly no partioipator, but not eveiT cognizant 1 The wb 
.'iliifd world revolted at tlie flngTuit idea, and w«l) wu it 
uliington'a fame that time and cireuniBtonees int^rTered 
' th« ia«ue : although for monlha tliis unforlDUBto young 

unhtppy family were left under Ilie prolonged aiitlolpatinii 
■ry. We may well Bupiwio that lie wai mit liiBeuaihl* lo 
ImcM of hia OHH juatltlcatloii for liia conduct in ihese or in ain 
■neta, which muet occasionnliy, in after timea, have paiseil m 
niMl In tlie retmepeet of liia Eareer. An luiiim iiobleuiin, 
ted liim after the peace, atteia|iteil lo turn liia convonation on 
ita nt ilie war, but in vain. At length a favourable oppurtunllj| 
mad, when ridiliK tugethar over the acrne of aoma i - • '' 

Yoax conduct. Sir, in tliia aetion Iills b»n ciiticised.' 
ton made no anawer, hut ifterwaHa observed, " 1 perceive 
I wish me to apeak of the war ; it ia a converaatlan whi 
myn avidd, I rejoice at the eitaUhahinent of the lilwriies of 
MFlcB, bat the time of the atrnagle wna a horrible periiid, in which 
I btat men were compelled to du many things repUEnint lo llioir 
MM." Tliia anecdote ia quite in accnrdanee with WaHliiiigtun'a 
loal chomeler, wliiah ia one of tlie moat brilliant and auecTBiful 
biatory. Aa a Holdier he drew the aword non (iii nd f/atriit, and 
latlivd it witli the aame motto. " He wai a Crtmiwcli without lita 
ibition, and a Sylln without hia Crimea, and after having raised till 
inlry by hie rxertiona to ihn raciii of an indcpondent Slate, ha 

.wd nb career by a voluntary reUiiciuialimBnl of the power ' 

gnteful people had bcaluwed'." 



