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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
Bulletin 99 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN THE UNITED STATES 
NATIONAL MUSEUM 





Parr If, RODENTIA, LAGOMORPHA, AND TUBULIDENTATA 


BY 


N. HOLLISTER 
Superintendent, National Zoological Park, Washington 





Soaane® 


WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1919 





TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Page. 

ERG OG CLLOM oro 21515 .siaysrara: essa raiyer ois aha cheieiavelninimistalatie che area aps wees + cass a 
pummary o: specimens listed in’ Part IT. go sse-ejanck atgacmeeeee oad aA: oss 2 
HGIEtTO Le MOCAITTT OB ac acne staivielsiernio Acoma eMC IS Te SALTS oie eels sere 3 
MrdersOdentlas. 2 Soi Sec rvasici disc scieaie Semen Porat cirri eee aheeree NS Se 9 
[Re ci A SLOT bral 0 aap eten = PS, Perea are payee NET Ie) an Ser ae ner die ct Jig CO 9 
t Weliosciurus ruwenzorii (Schwann) 2 js. 55 teehee seo: ae = 10 

2. Heliosciurus rufobrachiatus nyansse (Neumann).......-...---.--- 1 

oe tlelioscrurus, kenizey (Neumann) ope ee ee ee ene ete il 

' 4, Heliosciurus undulatus undulatus (True)................----.--- 1} 

5. Heliosciurus undulatus shindi Heller ................----.------- 12 

6. Heliosciurus undulatus daucinus Thomas.:...........--.-------- 12 

7. Heliosciurus multicolor madoge Heller..................-------- 14 

8. Heliosciurus multicolor lateris Thomas ........... Seite oe ae 14 

Oy Paraxerus emini,eminig (Stuhlmann) a3 reset ae, sq sscetasictt- ee 14 

10. Paraxerus palliatus suahelicus (Neumann).......-...------------ 15 

11. Paraxerus ochraceus aruscensis (Pagenstecher).......-....-.-.--- 16 

12. Paraxerus ochraceus jacksoni (de Winton)..-...--.----.--.-.----- 16 

13.) Paraxerus ochraceusjkahari Heller je). ci) bys Saraiets eee = 24). 20 

14, Paraxerus ochraceus animosus Dollman....-........-..---------- 20 

15. Paraxerus ochraceus percivali Dollman.........-.........------- 20 

16.4 Protoxenis stancert beatHeller., 1: aedieaoe 4 et batt 5 85) 21 

i. Xerusrutiulus rahirons sD ollmami.5.)- 5: detrsthsisn-oe-ce eas: 85> 22 
1Ssexerusirutilus|saturatuss Neumann ee ese psa one aye syle 22 

19. Euxerus erythopus leucoumbrinus (Riippell).........-..-.-.-.- st 24 

20. Kuxerus lacustris) (homes) eis yeeeeece sees: seers ees = este 24 

Zi uxerus microdon (Thomas) st. s2jsctei asekmat> stag menaatets - sie 24 
pant ACTICe GG Ee on) eiaka sect 5 ities fd wel NS aes ey iat cpeeaeye 5 RIMES 25 
22. Dipodiiiiswaters: (de Winton). 9s -buctitee esses vee eet see: = 25 

23. Dipodillus stismonyaa (Heuglin)£ «bsnl: e2cyeg sissies eas eh. 25 

24 Dinodilius diminutusyOolimans .255-c65' 32 assed seateiee hs <se 25 

25. Dipodillus harwoodi harwoodi (Thomas)..........-.-.-.--------- 27 

26. Dipodillus harwoodiluteus|Dollmany << 42 saode<cnd Loouenseee - det. 27 

2%, Laterilusemini, (Thomas)... 2 e2l4-\-jsehacrice oases eeisen ves te 28 

285 Matera vicinanvacina, (Peters))2-4s4-ee- ee -eesa eae See eee 29 

20: Patera, vicina pothse Meller. Soeeiss 1 dactiot Sen jaek naeetae cues: 29 

30; atera, vicina, 1conica, Dollman. 3. es.i05 Noa e- dq aafaae aetete = ee 30 

31. Tatera nigricauda nigricauda, (Peters) 4 <. .. 2..2\s5+ cies tie -tie-- 30 

32. Latera nigricauda nyama, Dollmam. 5 o<icjs65 je ecleme ~<(ssecie - Sel=« 3l 

Sons Latera nipricauda, percivaly Eleller, (279, 3.57.16 Sccespoameeieu Mest << 31 
S4ulateraliodon, dundasis Wrouchtone et = ness oss jeaeoot ee eee etsisic 32: 
JoumLatera Jiodon semithin Wrowchtom ees =\- elt eevee etl eicicl= 32. 
SOneLAcera, NICTItA, WFOUSNCOM Leer oct sea cta 5 ers lena a erage sighed 9.8 32 

iow atera MAcrOpUsi(MeUCIIADE Ree ci oi tees ee cae 32 

ve. slatera robusta (Cretzschmar) - = 23) -/2scmecse) mise aad aes el- Se 56 
nJ0 Matera bohm varia Weller: 22-22-22. ee ee] -aetser aioe EL oath 3h 


IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Order Rodentia—Continued. 


Family Cricetide—Continued. Page. 
40. Lophiomys'bozast Oustalet: oo o...22 3. ese ee ee 37 
41.. Lophiomys thomas Heller: 2 ..5: hgouce sets) se cece see 37 
42. Lophiomys ibeanus ibeanus Thomas. ..........-.---.----------- 38 
43. Lophiomys ibeanus hindei Thomas...... Sok a ate ae ere ete aed 38 

amily Whizom yids. oc ..22!5 25 atresia ce) alates ene ee eae 40 
44+ Tachyoryctes rudd homage. ocis3 os) 5.2 Vani cele ees eee 4} 
45. Tachyoryctes:rex Heller.zsc2 2st ee eer eet 41 
46. Tachyoryctes spalacinus Thomas? + (324.8) 222) ou one eee 42 
47. Tachyoryctes audax Thomas. «2: :<-.22-</.0 22s ee needs eeee eae 43 
48. Tachyoryctes naivashze. Thomas~~..24.<t2.ececxcxnxe 2 OS! 43 
49, Tachyoryctes ibeantis Thomas: < 2-~2.- 24-2 oe bee ee 44 
50: ‘Tachyoryctes.dzemon; Thomas? 3-2. Sse ake ee 44 
51. Tachyoryetes'ankolix Thomas. J50 092A ee. oe 48 

Family Muridee. 2. ce ¢cceee noes eS A SS A eee 48 
52. Dendromus insignis insignis Thomas. .................-.-.----- 48 
53. Dendromus insignis percivali Heller .-......-.---- TAL Spe 2 49 
54. Dendromus whytei pallescens Osgood......-...---.------------- 49 
55. Dendromus whytei capitis: Heller? . (22225. Ys 52020. Sie ede ee 49 
562sDendromussuddi-Wroughton 3522 45- 4 oe eee eee. one oe 50 
57: Dendromus ochropus'Ospoodiiis.5-< Pines ee Se eS: eee 50 
58; Dendromus-aerscus Wroughtons-aeece see sae eee ae eae eee 50 
59; Dendromus-lindatua Heller. 2225225038 SPs Se eee 50 
60. Dendromus niprifrons nierifrons*Trues) 2 Yo. ee ee ee 54 
61. Dendromus nigrifrons spectabilis Heller. ......-........--.-..-- 54 
62. Steatomys:-ath? Heller 21. 3205 S22 008 Gee I Se 55 
63. Zelotomys hildegardew hildegardew (Thomas)...........--.-.--- 55 
64. Zelotomys hildegardee vinaceus Heller..........-....-.-...-..-- 55 
65. Thamnomys surdaster surdaster Thomas and Wroughton. .....-.-. 57 
66. Thamnomys surdaster polionops Osgood ..........-------------- 58 
67. Thamnomys surdaster littoralis Heller.............-......---.--- 58 
68. Thamnomys ibeanus ibeanus Osgood.......--....--------------- 58 
69. Thamnomys ibeanus lutosus Dollman..........--...----.--.----- 62 
70. Thamnomys discolor Thomas =< .... 2%... .2e575s 00s seeeese dees 62 
71. Thamnomys macmillani gazelle Thomas. ...........-..--...--- 63 
72. Thamnomys macmillani oblitus Osgood........-----.----------- 63 
73. (@nomys bacchante bacchante (Thomas)..........--..-.--------- 64 
74, (nomys bacchante editus Thomas and Wroughton.........-.-.-- 64 
75. Cnomys bacchante vallicola Hellers.:.. 222/022 2202222 ele. 66 
76, Rattus rattus kijabius (Allen) +...022 500%. S200 Ja ease 68 
77. Rattus nigricauda loringi (Heller)22-.< J2yo2 5 222226 Poe 69 
78. Rattus kaiseri helleri: Hollister: :.50522% 20275 AS eae ee: 71 
79. Rattus kaiseri medicatus (Wroughton).............----------.-- 71 
80. Rattus kaiseri nore (Wroughton) 2222/92 4. SOO SSS es ee 72 
$l. Rattusikaiserl turneri (Hellen): 0s. 620 0) ee RO 2. ie 
82. Rattus kaiseri: hindet-(Thomas)~ 52-1129. 499s Pes 2 eo. 72 
83. Rattus kaiseri manteufeli (Matschie) .........--.--.-..--.------ 76 
$4. Rattus chrysophilus vob (Ospood) 320225 Joe A es 76 
85. Rattus tullbergi jacksoni (de Winton). ..............-..-:--.--. 77 
86. Rattus tullbergi peromyscus' (Heller esse eee ee ese 77 
87. Rattus denniz (Thomas) ...... TAUREN PER Se RL SER LN Sco 79 
88. Rattusitatte: (Meller) i.2/4 ze bs ee ae oe ne an ne later 79 


$9." Rattusistellarkammiose: (Heller\sc-co eee seer aoe ae 82 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. V 


Order Rodentia—Continued. 


Family Muride—Continued. Page. 
90; Rattus fumatustumatus (Peters) s0se28e2. 292 he. Ses sees 2 YER 82 
O71”. Rattus tumatus.subluscus (Osgood itt. eta eee ee a 83 
92 SRattusytaman (MEIC) eles aia Knees ore ee eer lente NC Neneh Foie 86 
93% Rattus coucha jemaitise (Heller) a! SJyniteeas eit ie aie Beet e 2 87 
94, Rattus coucha ugande (de Winton)......-...... phapjandes Bes Sd D 88 
95.) Rattus _couchartimetus dollister:: sos beets wie ieee seek: ets 89 
96. Rattus coucha neumani (Heller) -........--..---------- Agee NS 89 
97-2 Rattus couchs panya(Eeller)?)c:: asotalenale eiesalegas 2 Sass. 89 
98. Rattus coucha hildebrandtii (Peters)....2........25.---------- 94 
99.) Rattus couchardurumése (Hellen) se: 29ncA Hees SER aee ees Sade oe 95 

100s) Mis triton: triton, (Dbomas) seer sai eiees Beas soe As ek os 95 
10 Mus triton murnilla: (homes) eto. ee ee eee Seesmic te. hee oe 96 
1020; ous! emesi, Heller seesntl ates ee soe BRA eet AS RRS 96 
1032). Mus’ bellus‘enclaveezHeller talifae Shien As see eae SS 97 
104,.Mus bellus gondokorse Helleryz esse. shoes 2 Ae ees. ee. 97 
105: eMiuspbellustbellusi(@homas) ose: Abo Ayes. ak 2 97 
1062 4Mius' bellus' vicinus !G@ihomas st eaass Sao s Aas ee 97 
107. Mus bellus: petilus, Hollister: #92573. sei025) MOM wa. . 2b. 102 
108.),.Mus cratus gratus (Biomas)) 85209 2a wee Ate. sk. 102 
109: Mus cratus'sori¢eides Melleryiec tayo dys Sues awn. EE 2. 103 
OP Mnsitenelllus:acholaeliler sips Sse 2 wie ayy en ee ey eee Se, - 103 
TDR Minis swamice: Eel eraneniit pa Seer e ap RL a Oa eee Su aN EEO Piha Nea 103 
12s Mis; musculus) gentilisBrantege) jeuoss teal, Spee OS. 103 
Ji3) Cricetomys gambianusiraimey: Hellersiaes See Be eek 104 
114. Cricetomys gambianus elgonis Thomas........-...-...-..------ 104 
115. Cricetomys gambianus kenyensis Osgood. .........-.-...---:-- 104 
116. Cricetomys gambianus enguvi Heller.......22.2..22.5...-..5..- 104. 
117. Cricetomys gambianus osgoodi Heller........5...2.25.22..-.2-- 106 
118. Lophuromys aquilus aquilus (True).......-....-.-.- BEE YE oe 106 
119. Lophuromys aquilus margarettze Heller-......-........0...22.-- dit 
120. Lophuromys ansorgei ansorgei de Winton............-..----.---- lll 
121) Lophuromiys, ansorgei-pyrrhus Heller! (iis dene sese AE! 112 
122. Uranomys ugande Heller .............- pares serene). 3Ek 132 
1239, beamye: hindeL Phomiase ra Gael PAT ae Sat ae eh aoe. 112 
124° Saccostomus mearnsi) Feller? estes Sess a BE OER ii4 
125\Saccostomus. umbriventer Millers n, ee S30 Sree ee EE. - 114 
126.4Saccostomus:isiole; Heller: stew )tol, ee Yee ee eae SES 114 
127. -Acomys witherbyi de Wintomeset< ese Be OPC lisete).) a4 8: 116 
123; Acomysvhystrella Heller-c2.,.:)5. stan o< Sacto s Meee ee. Mae 116 
1295 ‘Acomysdenitus ionitus) ollmans is. 2tie Sete eee eee ss s - 116 
130. -Acomysignitus:kempi Dollmant. 472s: 22k 2Ue see os a. .s mae 6 LLG 
131; Acomysignitus, montanusHellers:22ok) Ste See. ese 117 
1325 ‘Aconys-percivali Dollmans Wo 2.52250. Ly See eee a ee 118 
1335 -Acomys wilsoni;wilsoni Thomas3i2: aera. 118 
134, Acomys wilsoni ablutus Dollman............---- RATES. ABE: 118 
1354 -Dasymys: helukus helukas/Hell er. cee sin. S PRR nee ch eta 122 
136; Dasymys-helukus sayanuus. HellerSigveet2 Shite S22 ee. Les 122 
137. Dasymys-helukus:nieridius. Hollister: <.....23202 (ses 2a hs. sake 123 
138. Dasyinys-orthos Hellerseieo knee soe ie a eed oe 123 
139. .Dasymys bentleyz medius Thomas... ...... 2.022520 2.-200..- 123 


VI 


TABLE OF CONTENTS, 


Order Rodentia—Continued. 


Family Muride—Continued. Page. 
140, ;Pelomys fallax iridescens: Heller. 2! 2cckietcngt.autiee. 2. S. 125 
141, Mylomysrooseveltr (Heller)zels a: ee een eet Le |: 127 
142. Arvicanthis testicularis testicularis (Sundevall)................- 128 
143. Arvicanthis testicularis jebele Heller......................--- 128 
144. Arvicanthis abyssinicus centrosus Hollister. .................-- 128 
145. Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens Wroughton..................- 129 
146. Arvicanthis abyssinicus nubilans Wroughton...............--.-- 129 
147. Arvicanthis abyssinicus nairobe Allen.................2....-.. 130 
148. Arvicanthis abyssinicus preceps Wroughton ................... 130 
149. Arvicanthis abyssinicus pallescens Dollman...............-..--- 130 
150. Arvicanthis abyssinicus virescens Heller....................--. 131 
151. Arvicanthis abyssinicus chanleri Dollman....................... 131 
152. Arvicanthis somalicus reptans Dollman.-................--.---- 131 
153. Lemniscomys griselda maculosus (Osgood). .............------- 136 
154, Lemniscomys griselda mearnsi Heller....................------ 138 
155. Lemniscomys macculus macculus (Thomas and Wroughton)..... 138 
156. Lemniscomys striatus massaicus (Pagenstecher)............-..- 139 
157. Lemniscomys striatus ardens (Thomas).................---.---. 144 
158. Lemniscomys barbarus zebra (Heuglin)........................ 144 
159. Lemniscomys barbarus albolineatus (Osgood).......--......---- 144 
160. Lemniscomys barbarus convictus (Osgood)...........-.-.--.---- 146 
161. Rhabdomys pumilio diminutus (Thomas).................--.--- 146 
162. Otomysithomasi thomas Osgoods:i22sihssa ouieasens oe SER: 147 
163. ‘Otomys thomasi squalus: Dollmany joe... Leese oeseee sek Alea: 147 
164. \Otomysiorestes Thomas see ee eee Sees cee ease eee 147 
165.’Otemys' dollmani Hellen: «202. a: waste hierar eee ee 147 
166. ‘Otomys:tropicalis'tropicalis Thomas). Yel iene sae eee 148 
167. Otomys tropicalis elgonis Wroughtomes..). 205220250. 24200-2222. 148 
168. Otomys angoniensis elassodon Osgood. .......-.--.-----.------ 149 
169. (Otomiys! nyikee canescens Oscoodsaste-e a sareeeeee roses eee 149 

Pamily ‘Grapbiurides 42) Se sees eh ain 6 ere 2 a 152 
170: ‘Graphiurus murinus eriseus ‘Allene. sors cis, sae see 152 
171. ‘Graphiurus'murinus raptor Dollman’ sass. -ceseeRiees- eee 152 
M2. Graphiurus’murinus saturatis Dollmaws4" 325254 cieeuane eee 153 
173. Graphiurissmurinus isolatus: Heller? oe. onde ees. Se 153 
174. ‘(Graphiurus patvus parvusi(irie ease eciee dee oe 154 
175. Graphiurus parvus dollmani Osgood...........-..-..-....------ 154 
176. ‘Graphiurus personatus Hellersi ios. ffeseie oes anctiee SESS 154 

Family Pedetidss cerca eR es A eee eee eee eee 156 
177. Pedetes:surdaster surdaster Thomas... 2... <2/..j.6. 05-00. -nce08 156 
178.. Pedetes surdaster. currax: Hollister:\. J2s2222tees-e-eee bees 157 
179. Pedetes surdaster larvalis Hollister.......-- Sas ube keNocee tution beens 157 

Family Bathyergidsec: sain Gc. SR eh Sheet ce eee Cae 159 
180. Heterocephalusiglaber Riippellay ls gees Lk teekk ee eeees ss See 160 
181. ‘Heliophobius kapiti;(Hellen)i{i st) sa2c 55a eveleerete 828 5 161 

Family Hystticidsety:c. 2 niet SS Sse nt: Sade qeaeecieet See eee seeae = 162 
182. Heystrix) galeata,Thomasis! ithe: ice ee Lee eee ee 162 

Family, Thryonomyidses sh. sete teens beeen one eee eee 163 
183. Thryonomys swinderianus (Temminck)..................---..- 163 
184, Thryonomys:pusillus; Heller...) eee geval Has sen cine ess 163 


185. Thryononiysierévorianus (Thomas)ieo) 22.0. .cnc cece ewe eee 164 


TABLE OF CONTENTS, VII 


Page, 

Ordenmcasomorph aan. aaeirese sais sie Sis ae ts aici a kieltici e's ela aie sclerosant nie Sete 164 
FE aentylse DOT Gee peter iia cetajciainioti sa sis < e'wtsiararatevaininietie ho eie atelnie o/ejalalayelete 164 
186.) Lepusasabellanus'Cretzechmoar . .22. 0-25. - as. -c-cclcanessece 164 

Les ep ushipronsis IAntOrd 504i se See ee ec sal nica kee ainaice olen 164 

USS Lepustameyreloulers. ooo. atlas sac cau ceed aces wee a suite 164 

1892 iLepus capensis abbotti Hollister. <o:.2. cess sa ccck ees esccccee 165 

190. Lepus capensis crawshayi de Winton. .....................-20- 165 

191) Lepus victorise victoriz Thomas. o.52. 6.5.2.6 2c cc cee since case 168 

192. iLepus victorise kakumege Heller... .. 2.05. c02cscs0cceess oe 525 tne OD 

19s Bepus MICTOUA HOUPHTE (552.2). /s.e sacdine cameee ce gelecaosiatcwioe « 169 

Order ulDuliGentata st. tre oe selves aide ois Siawton ais ccisate gots See miecioee dineaeowe 169 
HaxHilys Ory Cveroplase setae ood k see seats oc Scawis Socios suet acuee cab aeie we 169 
194. Orycteropus ethiopicus Sundevall. ............ 2.2... 170 
Explanation of plates ..............-..... a ehetalelalelaletetereietaielavara)s tale (eniete iit see 171 





LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, 


TEXT FIGURE. 


Page. 
1. Map of Africa with shaded area showing the region covered by this report. -.- 3 
PLATES. 
Facing page, 
HeManiol Mastern Mquatorial Alicea. 221 2.52.3 5)siom = == cogieyeile aioe mie inla ain aici _4 
2 Rophiotmiys Joeanus PROMASS . (c.)sc cio emcees tel > ornrielac emia sine 22/52 Seis 38 
a5) (bedetes surdaster Surdaster EL MOMAS 5 ...%.,.0:52 = <<<. sterols cynje smu ale ot afer 158 
Pedetes surdaster larvalis Hollister. 
6-7 cterocephalus claber Ruppelles: 2. 5-225 cca = be ees nin os aleinia rie 160 
8. Sciurus undulatus True=Heliosciurus undulatus........--...+-----+-+---- 176 
9. Heliosciurus rufobrachiatus shindi Heller= Heliosciurus undulatus shindi.. 176 
10. Heliosciurus multicolor madoge Heller.............---+-----+---+---+----- 176 
Paraxerus kahari Heller=Parazerus ochraceus kahari. 
iiamerotoxerus stancerl bea tellers 024: ooo 1a s\sars sce Nemes aicinla = Wee ee 176 
i2s/Natera pothze Heller Tatera vicina pothe . <2. 0h). = oie wm nie oi lms migie = 176 
Tatera varia Heller= Tatera bohmi varia. 
ioeclaberaymipricauda percivall Heller... 2c. cj<'se beige aa nice cies see cocina tania 176 
12s Lopniomysithomast Meller. 2602-2 er. laces ele st ae ee nln a nin loess 176 
log lackworvetes nex: Heller’ co 5 <0 sci: < cfs apeid) o's wie octal pyeimie amyisinieis alalolois 2 176 
16. Dendromus mesomelas percivali Heller=Dendromus insignis percivali..... 176 
Dendromus whytei capitis Heller. 
.Dendromus lineatus Heller. 
Hie WGndrOnIUs MICTHEOUS) PIMC 4c) c isin e oe ans cts miele in Hlegiele laa ee 176 
Dendromus spectabilis Heller=Dendromus nigrifrons spectabilis. 
Steatomys athi Heller. 
18. Zelotomys hildegardez vinaceus Heller...........--.------------+------- 176 
Thamnomys dolichurus littoralis Heller= Thamnomys surdaster littoralis, 
19. @nomys hypoxanthus vallicola Heller=Gnomys bacchante vallicola......- 176 
Epimys kaiseri centralis Heller=Rattus kaiseri hellert. 
20. Thamnomys loringi Heller=Rattus nigricauda loringt.......--.-------+--- 176 
Mus peromyscus Heller= Rattus tullbergi peromyscus. 
21. Epimys kaiseri turneri Heller=Rattus kaisert turnert......--.------------ 176 
Epimys endorobe Heller=Rattus dennix. 
Epimys taitee Heller—Ratius taite. 
22. Epimys alleni kaimos Heller=fattus stella kaimose..... erat Weep 5 176 
Epimys niveiventris ulze Heller=Rattus fumatus fumatus. 
Mus tana True=Ratius tana. 
23. Epimys coucha ismailie Heller= Rattus coucha ismailix..........--------- 176 
Rattus coucha tinctus Hollister. 
Epimys coucha neumani Heller=Raitus coucha neumant. 
24, Epimys panya Heller= Rattus coucha panya.....-------------+++-+-++----- 176 


Epimys coucha durume Heller= Rattus coucha durume. 
Leggada naivashze Heller= Mus triton triton. 
Ix 


x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Facing page. 

25. Mus musculoides emesi Heller= Mus emesi.....-....-.....-2-.--22---00- 176 
Mus bellus enclave Heller. 

Mus belius gondokore Heller. 
Mus bellus petilus Hollister. 

26. Mus gratus sungarze Heller= Mus gratus gratus..............--22--+2+++--- 176 
Mus gratus soricoides Heller. 

Mus tenellus acholi Heller. 
Mus wamz Heller. 

27. Crieetomys sambianus raineyi Heller: 2. 04 2c ens os. nee eee eee 176 

28... Cricetomys gambianus engu'vi Heller®) 2hs-. oo. Side sae erie Soe ee 176 

29. Cnieetomiys cambianus osvoodi Meller. /. 305 3. ee eee 176 

30. Mus aquilus True=Zophuromys aquilus.............-..+2-00-.-00-200025- 176 
Lophuromys aquilus margarettz Heller. 

Lophuromys pyrrhus Heller=Lophuromys ansorgei pyrrhus. 

os... Uranomys ugande: Heller: 22.22 Sores Oa we Seas oe pee eee ee eee 176 
Saccostomus isiole Heller. 

Acomys hystrella Heller. 

32. .Saccostomus mearmeal Hellér. 2 92 ots2- sk. cee es dase Soe on oh ep eee 176 
Saccostomus umbriventer Miller. 

Jo. Dasyinys helukus teller oo. 2 occer st eae ee een. cea ene eee eee a ee 176 
Pelomys roosevelti Heller= Mylomys roosevelt. 

34. Dasymys savannus Heller=Dasymys helukus savannus....-....-.--+--+----- 176 
Dasymys helukus nigridius Hollister. 

Dasymys orthos Heller. 

3o., Peloriys ‘fallax iridescens Heller-: 22-220 < een ae eres See ene eee 176 
Arvicanthis jebele Heller=Arvicanthis testicularis jebelex. 

Arvicanthis abyssinicus centrosus Hollister. 

36. Arvicanthis abyssinieus ‘virescens’ Heller-.. 2.2222... se jo-2=--2epseaeece 176 
Arvicanthis pulchellus micropus Heller=Lemniscomys siriatus massaicus. 
Lemniscomys pulchellus spermophilus Heller=Lemniscomys striatus 
“ massaicus. 

37. Otomys orestes dollmani Heller=Otomys dollmani.............----.----- 176 
Graphiurus murinus johnstoni Heller=Graphiurus murinus griseus. 

Eliomys parvus True=Graphiurus parvus. 

38. Graphrurasspersonatus Hellenic. / 275.06 Ge. ol Se ee ree eee 176 
Georychus kapiti Heller= Heliophobius kapiti. 

39-40. -Pedetes surdaster-currax Hollister... 2. ..e se ese a+ eent ee ae a eee 176 

41. Thryonomys gregorianus pusillus Heller= Thryonomys pusillus.........-.-- 176 

42, Iuepus taineyl Heller s a o8 tie es ici a ee eS ee ee 176 

45. Lepus capensis abbottt Hollister... 32. - aac2s66 capes mace eps eee 176 

44. Lepus kakumege Heller=Lepus victoriz kakumege........-...------ ‘cess eg LED 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN THE UNITED 
STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Part IJ], RODENTIA, LAGOMORPHA, AND TUBULIDENTATA. 


By N. Houuister, 


Superintendent, National Zoological Park, Washington. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The first part of this work, published August 16, 1918, dealt with 
the mammals of the orders Insectivora, Chiroptera, and Carnivora 
contained in the East African collections of the United States National 
Museum. ‘This second part consists of reports on the specimens 
belonging to the Orders Rodentia (rodents), Lagomorpha (hares 
and their allies), and Tubulidentata (aard-varks). It is hoped 
that a third part, containing reports on the primates and ungulates) 
may complete the series. 

The plan of arrangement of the text adopted in the first part 
has been followed throughout, and the geographical limits are 
the same. All specimens of mammals from Eritrea, Somaliland, 
Sudan, Abyssinia, Lado Enclave, Uganda, British East Africa, and 
German East Africa, including Zanzibar, contained in the collection 
have been critically examined and listed. The territory included in 
the report is shown in figure 1. 

As with the groups treated in the earlier part, the great bulk of the 
material listed was collected by the Smithsonian African Expedition 
under the direction of Col. Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-10; and bv 
the Paul J. Rainey African Expedition, 1911-12. A few specimens, 
some of special importance, have been received from miscellaneous 
sources as noted in the summary below. 


2 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


SUMMARY OF SPECIMENS LISTED IN PART 2. 


The mammals of the orders Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Tubuli- 
dentata, listed in these pages, were received by the museum from 
expeditions and collectors as follows: 























Rodentia. si a oe Totals 
A BIN SE eR ee Pi Re) ee 
Smithsonian African Expedition under the direction 
of Col. Theodore Roosevelt: 
Col. Theodore Roosevelt... ........--.2ceseceececes 85) ee see eteeselsenecee see 8 
Kermit Rooseveltsst is. bs. ced ecks ede sacceneeeeaes AN eee Se aden Slosucee ese 4 
Lieut. Col. Edgar A. Mearns, U.S. A.............. 335 Le Se asnoobet | 349 
Hdmund. Heller. :oces 20. Jee eee 244 BN ssamen aae es | 249 
JicAl den Orin pase cehe tee 2 oe Can ee eS 2,112 let eececl sel 2,135 
Riad, GUnINnehamMe ss no ee ee ee ee Le a ete Di Ae Lise eile Setetall eter arora tars 2 
Paul J. Rainey African Expedition: 
Bdmund. Hellers.. 2 a- scceecacwace ss ooeeaeceeees 1,979 14 | osshdecswes 1, 993 
Ao TRIG Seneca cscics sce scearse sce tote meeenee DB) locist see cena |= cates estes 2 
ENV Eve REGEN CER ote ele ate meter al lee antes etele eanaiele aietel acento OG | Etersiclela'mic ine simtcrei-i<inieinia 19 
He TEA armer see ORE a Le aaa Eee ath Ra ee z 
Drews LAA DDottes es cee OE Se ase See es 43 2iiee-ateaeae 45 
iA BS Percival mess anesec caen seen. satan niet aaa | NEM Ee aBesoacee | ecetacrane eet 16 
Hon. N. Charles Rothschild ooo oon oo sjcenccisclemaciniasn | 9 2 jee eeeee ee ee ll 
IEE} Tea Turner’ see ee ec tae ee ac es oe | GRRE RS Ti PER a PERS 03s | 9 
W. F.H. Rosenberg (received from)...............-.-- 2 Dele eee: See | 4 
Go Hi Galdiinich wes) ee a eee aes ot lye a mae | Nowe ee glo AR om | 2 
Wie Gs DOS Obi ree comes voshe cute cotew cag meaeeee seacene DM cisatciarsts stare at] ciate eerercemete 2 
MH RDO toe ce sot cecens Ste see coe sean oiee ism tee asec | Dace aeye eset hae 2 
William Astor Chanler andLieut. Ludwig von Hohnel.. 2) |Pes SIea ee a Eee 2 
Wrilliam“A stor Chanlersse-cte cr <saceiaatieceeein ess cae este eee See eee 1 
Hons HortmansPhilip sc: ses sfaccos.< ier cee eee ee PSEA Obie ae Rese a 1 | 1 
Capt AV BOUtEROL cee ote Ai Rane Lee eINe oe ANE. 1M) ee re 1 
Ds Carruthers2oses ce ess NaS | leh aes betes | Ap eeu ee sere ERE. ae 1 
IDR Vir Ra Paz ils 8. cateeseetee es OR Se BBs AS |S age coh Se es NE i ne 1 
Genta Gaskin. Peete cae eno M ce see cee | De eet ee eee 1 
Wi. SChititer (Pecelved {rONL) soca acces eee ec ecemacmetens fecsckecsese |pecoueee ses | 1 
ee eo Se 
Waite atp 62 eg | ase 
| 
SUMMARY 
Front Smithsonian African Expadition..5.c. 2002 ts Joa: Bin - oe 2 bette eke oe 2,747 
From:Paul J; Ramey Hxpadition2,.< 222. 2.28 shea sae so cits eee eblele 2, 016 
From miscellaneous sources....-.-..-- a stare cacti aie Sie cto ete et 100 


Total rodents, lagomorphs, and tubulidentates in the United States Na- 


tional Museum East African collection 


There are included in the East African collections of these groups 
75 type-specimens of rodents and 3 type-specimens of lagomorphs. 
Of the 78 new forms 1 was described by Gerrit S. Miller, jr., 5 by 
Dr. F. W. True, 8 by N. Hollister, and 64 by Edmund Heller. 

Of these 78 described forms, 71 are recognized as valid species or 


subspecies in the present paper. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3 


In the previous part there were listed 1,833 insectivores, bats, and 
carnivores. This makes a total of 6,696 specimens of mammals, of 
349 species and subspecies, belonging to the six orders dealt with to 
date in this report on. the East African collections, including 142 
type-specimens. 


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COLONY 


Fic. 1.—MapP oF AFRICA WITH SHADED AREA SHOWING THE REGION COVERED BY THIS REPORT. 
LIST OF LOCALITIES. 


A list of all the localities from which National Museum specimens 
of mammals of the orders Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Tubulidentata 
are mentioned in this report is given below, with index references to 
the accompanying map, reproduced from Part I. As explained in 
the introduction to the first part, maps of this region do not agree 
in essential details and it has been impossible to determine some of 
_ the localities with precision; but there has rarely been any doubt 


+ BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


about the approximate location of a given place and the variations 
can be only of a comparatively few miles at the most. 


ABERDARE Mountarns—A range of mountains about half way between Lake Naivasha 
and Mount Kenia. Summits said to be 11,000-12,000 feet. J 4. 

Avis AbpABa—Capital city of Abyssinia, situated near the geographical center of that 
country. Also written Addis Ababa and Addis Abeba. F 5. 

Aacorpat—In central Eritrea, near the southern bank of the big bend of the Barca 
River. C-—D 4-5. 

AnkoLte—District in extreme southwestern Uganda just east of Albert Edward 
Nyanza. J 2. 

ArcHER’s Post—On the Northern Guaso Nyiro near the mouth of the Lakiundu 
River, north of Mount Kenia. I 5. 

Arai Pratins—North and east of Nairobi. J 4. 

Atut Sration—On the Uganda railway, 16 miles southeast of Nairobi. It is also 
called Athi River. Altitude 4,950 feet. J 4. 

Barcunetr River, or Burcunetr River—A southern tributary of the Northern 
Guaso Nyiro, near the Meru Road, west of Mount Kenia. J 4. 

Burumsa—In Ankole, southwestern Uganda. J 2. 

ButraBnA—On the northeast shore of Albert Nyanza in Unyoro, Uganda. I 2. 

CHANGAMWE—Station on the railroad 6 miles inland from Mombasa. Altitude 180 
feet. K5. 

CHANGONGORRA—On the east side of the Aberdare Range 9 miles from Nyeri; also 
called Kongorra. J 4. 

CHANLER Fatts—On the Northern Guaso Nyiro River north of the Jambeni Moun- 
tains and east of Archer’s Post. I 6. 

Derr Date—Between the Engare Narok River and Suswa Plain, southwestern 
British East Africa. J 4. 

Exipoma Ravine—Just north of the Equator and north from the railroad station of 
Londiana, British East Africa; the Eldoma River flows into the Molo, which 
empties into Lake Baringo. I-J 4. 

En@arE Naroxk River—A tributary of the Southern Guaso Nyiro. On the west 
side of the Mau Escarpment midway between the Uganda railroad and the border 
of German East Africa. Also writtern Engarro Naroke, or N’garri Narok. J 4. 

EnGARE NpARE Rrver—A southern tributary of the Northern Guaso Nyiro, north of 
Mount Kenia. I 4. 

Forr Hati—About midway between Nairobi and Mount Kenia. J 4. 

GonpoKORO—On the east bank of the Bahr el Jebel in extreme northwestern Uganda. 
2. ; 

Guas Natsu Boma—At the eastern edge of the Guas Ngishu Plateau near the Elgeyo 
Escarpment and north of Ravine Station. I 4. 

Guas Netsnu Prateau.—South and east of Mount Elgon, west of the Elgeyo Escarp- 
ment, and north of the Nandi Hills. Drained by the upper waters of the Nzoia 
River. I 3-4. 

Homa, or Forr Hora—In Unyora, western Uganda, not far from the eastern shore of 
Albert Nyanza. I 2. 

IstorA RiveR—A southern affluent of the Northern Guaso Nyiro north of Mount 
Kenia, and west from the Lakiundu River. I 4-5. 

JAMBENI Mountains—Northeast of Mount Kenia about half way to the Northern 
Guaso Nyiro River. 15. 

Jusa Farm—W. N. McMillan’s place on the Athi Plains, about 23 miles northeast of 
Nairobi. J 4. 

Kapatoror Hitt—In the Sotik,*west of Loita Plains and near the border of German 
East Africa. Headwaters of the Amala River. J 3-4. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. |! 





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Mt. Keni 
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MAP OF EASTERN EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 3, 





EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5 


Kasuia Murrro—On the road about midway between Kampala and Hoima, Uganda; 
between Albert Nyanza and Victoria Nyanza. I 2. 

Kaxne—About 45 miles southeast of Mount Kilimanjaro, in German East Africa, east 
of the Pangani River. K 4-6. 

Karmost—On the Lukosa River just north of the Equator and north of Port Florence, 
the western terminus of the railway in Kayirondo. 13. 

Kasura—Near the east shore of Albert Nyanza, south of Butiaba in Unyoro. I 2. 

KaxumMeGa—Just north of the Equator near Port Florence, the end of the railway in 
Kavirondo, Kisumu Province, northeast of Victoria Nyanza. I 3. 

Kamit Farm—Ranch owned by H. H. Heatley on the Athi Plains. J 4. 

Kampata—Fort Kampala, or Mengo, just north of Entebbe, Uganda, and near the 
northwestern edge of Victoria Nyanza. I 2. 

Kariri, or Kapitt PLains—A station, also called Kapiti Station, on the railway 29 
miles southeast of Nairobi and 288 miles from Mombasa. Altitude, 5,350 
feet. J 4. 

Kara Water, or Kara Rrver—On the Marsabit Road north of Mount Lololokwi. 
15. 

Kenya Water—On the Marsabit Road north of the Northern Guaso Nyiro toward 
Mount Marsabit. I 5. 

Krerma—On the eastern bank of the Nile in northwestern Sudan. B 1-2. 

Kuarroum—On the White Nile in Sudan. D 2. 

Krampu—In Kikuyu, British East Africa, north of Nairobi and near the western edge 
of the Athi Plains. J 4. 

Krpase—In the Nandi Hills, Kisumu Province, British East Africa, just north of the 
Equator and northeast from Victoria Nyanza. I 3. 

Kuape—A station on the Uganda railway in British East Africa between Nairobi 
and Lake Naivasha. Altitude, 6,790 feet. J 4. 

Kixanpa—See Kikonda. I 2. 

Kirxanpwa—About 20 miles northwest from Kampala, north of Victoria Nyanza, 
Uganda. I 2. 

Krxonpa—About 25 miles southeast of Hoima, Unyoro, Uganda. I 2. 

Kixuyu—A station on the railway between Nairobi and Kijabe, in Kikuyu, British 
East Africa. J 4. 

KimimmManyJaro—See Mount Kilimanjaro. K 4. 

Kisrmmpiri—North of Kampala and Entebbe, near the northwest corner of Victoria 
Nyanza, Uganda. Sometimes written Kisimbili. I 2. 

Kistnco—About midway between Kampala and Hoima, Uganda. I 2. 

Kisumu—A village on Ugowe Bay, northeastern shore of Victoria Nyanza and near 
Port Florence. Also a province of western British East Africa bordering on 
Victoria Nyanza. J 3. 4 

Krranca—Sir Alfred Pease’s farm in the Mwa Hills on the Athi Plains, near Nairobi 
and Athi Station. J 4. 

Konceorra—See Changongorra. J 4. 

KursreInE—On the Northern Guaso Nyiro above the mouth of the Guaso Narok. I 4. 

KyamBu—See Kiambu. J 4. 

Lacos—Near Ledgus, on the east side of the Bahr el Jebel, between Gondokoro and 
Nimule, northwestern Uganda. H 2-3. 

Larkrp1a—On the western edge of the Laikipia Plateau southeast of Lake Baringo. 
1 4, 

LAIkrPta PLareAu—Northwest from Mount Kenia and north of the Aberdare Moun- 
tains. I 4. 

Laxe NatvasHa—A lake and station on the railway across British East Africa, 391 
miles from Mombasa and almost 200 miles from Port Florence. The altitude of 
the railway station is given as 6,230 feet. J 4. 


6 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Laxrunpu River—Rises in the Jambeni Mountains, northeast of Mount Kenia, and 
flows west and north into the Northern Guaso Nyiro at Archer’s Post. I 5. 

Lzpaus—On the east bank of the Bahr el Jebel, between Gondokoro and Nimule, 
northwestern Uganda. H 2-3. 

Lesiwervu River—One of the numerous small streams flowing northwest from Mount 
Kenia and crossed by the Meru road. I 4. 

Let Marer1a—Northeast from Adis Ababa, Abyssinia. F 5. 

Lia,o—Northwest from Kisingo, about midway between Kampala and Hoima, 
Uganda. 12. 

Live Sprinas—Near the eastern edge of the Loita Plains, not far from the Southern 
Guaso Nyiro River. J 4. 

Lorra PLains—Near the German East African border in southwestern British East 
Africa, west of the Rift Valley and the Southern Guaso Nyiro River. J 4. 

LomsBexkit River—Eastern tributary of the Bahr el Jebel between Uma village and 
Nimule, Uganda. H 2. 

LONDIANA—Station on the Uganda Railway in western British East Africa between 
Nakuro and Port Florence; 500 miles from Mombasa and 84 miles from Port 
Florence. Altitude, 7,410 feet. I-J 3-4. 

Lonaaya Water—On the Marsabit Road north of Mount Lololokwi. Also written 
Lungaya. I 5. 

Lortan Swamr—About 160 miles northeast of Mount Kenia. Shown on maps as the 
eastern limit of the Northern Guaso Nyiro River. 1 5. 

Lorocui Mountarns—About midway between Mount Kenia and the southern end 
of Lake Rudolf. I 4. 

LuaH—On the Ganale River in western Italian Somaliland, near the boundary line 
between Abyssinia and British East Africa. H 6. 

J 4. 

Luxosa River—South of the Nzoia River on Guas Ngishu Plateau, flowing into 
Victoria Nyanza. Also called Lukos River and Yala River. I 3. 

Macuorra—lIn the Taita Hills. Sometimes written Macharra. K 5. 

MAJI-YA-CHUMVI—A station on the railroad 35 miles from Mombasa; altitude, 570 
feet. K 5. 

MaranGgu—On the southeastern side of Mount Kilimanjaro in German East Africa, 
near the boundary line of British East Africa. K 4. 

MaRIAKANI—A station on the railroad 26 miles irom Mombasa. K 5. 

Marsasir LakeE—At Mount Marsabit, north of the Northern Guaso Nyiro. 1 6. 

Marsasir Roav—The route to Mount Marsabit, north of the Northern Guaso Nyiro. 
15. 

Mayo Rrver—Rises in the Aberdare Mountains and flows into the Nyuki River, one of 
the affluent streams of the Northern Guaso Nyiro. J 4. 

MazEras—Station on the railroad 16 miles from Mombasa; altitude 530 feet. K 5. 

MERELLE River, ot MERELLE WATER—On the Marsabit Road about midway between 
the Northern Guaso Nyiro River and Mount Marsabit. Sometimes written Merele. 
15. 

MrrowEe—On the Nile in north central Sudan between Ambukoland Salmia. B-C2. 

Meru, or Meru Boma—Just north of Mount Kenia. I-J 4-5. 

Meru Roap—Across the Laikipia Plateau to Meru, north of Kenia. [-J 4. 

Misston—The Friends Industrial Mission at Kaimosi, Kisumu, Kavirondo. I 3. 

Mnyovurt JaArpIN—On the east bank of the Bahr el Jebel, between Coe and 
Nimule, and just south of Ledgus, northwest Uganda. H 2. 

Mosuxku VALLeEy—Southeast side of Mount Ruwenzori, between Albert Nyanza and 
Albert Edward Nyanza, western Uganda. I 1-2. 

Mount Garcues—In the Mathews Range, north of Mount Kenia and southeast of 
Lake Rudolf. Summit said to be 8,800 feet altitude. Also written Mount Uaragese 
1 4-5 





EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. < 


Mount Kenta—A high peak in central British East Africa, almost directly on the 
Equator. Altitude given on recent maps from 17,200 feet to 18,620 feet. Timber 
line is about 13,000 feet. I-J 4-5. 

Mount Kitimanyaro—A mountain on the border between British East Africa and 
German East Africa, about 175 miles from the coast. Altitude 19,780 feet. K 4. 

Mount LotoLtoxwi—An isolated mountain east of the Mathews Range, about midway 
between Mount Kenia and Mount Marsabit, British East Africa. I 4-5. 

Mount Marsapsit—In northern British East Africa, about 170 miles north of Mount 
Kenia. I 5. 

Mount MsBototo—In the Taita Hills, about midway between Kilimanjaro and the 
coast. Summit 4,400 feet. Sometimes written Mbululu, or Umbololo. K 5. 
Mount Nytro—A short distance south of Lake Rudolf and northeast of Lake Sugota. 

14. 

Mount SaGatita—In the southern Taita Hills, about midway in a line between Kili- 
manjaro and Mombasa. K 5. 

Mount Uaracess—See Mount Gargues. I 4-5. 

Mount Umenco—In the Taita Hills, west of Ndi, and between Taveta and the rail- 
way, British East Africa. K 5. 

Mroto ANpEI—A station on the railway 165 miles inland from the coast and about 
midway between Mombasa and Naiggbi. Altitude 2,500 feet. K 5, 

Mousuxku VaLttEy—See Mobuku Valley. I 1-2. 

NaIkHALA—On the east bank of the Atbara River a short distance above Atbara Sta- 
tion where it empties into the Nile, north central Sudan. C 3. 

Narrosi—Capital of Ukamba Province, British East Africa, 327 miles from Mombasa 
and about 260 miles from Port Florence by rail. Altitude, 5,450 feet. J 4. 

NarvasHa—<A station on the Uganda railway near Lake Naivasha. Altitude, 6,230 
feet. J 4. 

NatvasHa EscarpMent—the forested escarpment east and northeast of Lake Naiva- 
sha, between the railroad and the true Naivasha Plains. J 4. 

NarvasHa Piatns—West, northwest, and northeast of Lake Naivasha; particularly 
the plains between the Naivasha Escarpment and the Aberdare Mountains. J 4. 

NartvasHa STation—See Naivasha and Lake Naivasha. J 4. 

NakKHEILA—Same as Naikhala. C 3. 

Nakuru, or NAkuro—Station and lake on the railroad in British East Africa, about 
55 miles west of Naivasha. The altitude of the station is 5,950 feet. J 4. 

Narosurra River—Flows from the Loita Plains into the Southern Guaso Nyiro. 
Also called Narossera. J 4. 

Noi—In the Taita Hills, between Taveta and the railroad. K 5. 

Nruman’s Boma—On the north bank of the Northern Guaso Nyiro River nearly oppo- 
site the mouth of the Isiola. Also called Neuman’s Camp. Almost diectly north 
from Mount Kenia, about 60 miles. I 4-5. 

Naare NpareE River—See Engare Ndare River. I 4. 

Neare Nyvuxi or Nyuxi River—One of the headwaters of the Northern Guaso Nyiro, 
northwest of Mount Kenia. Sometimes written Nyuku. I 4. 

NrmvuLE—On the east bank of the Bahr el Jebel, about midway between Albert Nyanza 
and the Sudan border, in northwestern Uganda. H 2. 

Nsgoro O Nytro River—West side of the Mau Escarpment, about 35 miles southwest 
of Lake Naivasha. Sometimes given as OljoroO Nyon River. J 4. 

Nsoro Osoxaut, or Nsoro O Sotati—In the Sotik, southwestern British East Africa. 
J 4. 

Nxyanuna—A few miles northwest from Fort Kampala, Uganda, on the trail to 
Hoima. I 2. 

NortH CrreEK—On the northern slopes of Mount Gargues, Mathews Range, British 
East Africa. I 4-5. 


64952—19—Bull. 99, pt 22 


8 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


NORTHERN Guaso Nytro—The region of the Northern Guaso Nyiro River, north of 
Mount Kenia. I 4-5. 

NORTHERN Guaso Nytro RirvEr—Formed by numerous streams in the Aberdares, 
northern slopes of Mount Kenia, and Mathews Range; and flowing eastward at 
least to the Lorian Swamp. I 4-5. 

Nyanenort—In the Nandi Hills, a short distance northeast from Port Florence, 
British East Africa. I-J 3. 

Nyert—On the southwestern side of Mount Kenia at 6,200 feet. J 4. 

Nyvuki River—See Ngare Nyuki. I 4. 

Nzora Rrver—Drains the Guas Ngishu Plateau and empties into Victoria Nyanza a 
few miles north of the Equator. I 3. 

Oxsyoro O Nyon River—West side of the Mau Escarpment about 35 miles southwest 
of Lake Naivasha. See Njoro O Nyiro. J 4. 

Omsont River—One of the headwaters of the Tana, south of Mount Kenia. Also 
called Oni River. J 4-5. 

On1t—See Omboni River. J 4-5. 

Orr VaLtLEY—At Mount Nyiro, near the southern end of Lake Rudolf. I 4. 

Quoy, or Quoy WateR—On the Marsabit Road northeast from Mount Lololokwi. I5. 

Ravine, Ravine Boma, or Ravine Station—On Eldoma River a short distance 
north of the Equator in western British ast Africa; north of the railway station 
of Londiana. I-J 4. 

Rutno Camp—Colonel Roosevelt’s base camp on the west bank of the Nile in extreme 
southern Lado Enclave at 2° 55’ north. H-I 2. 

Ruwenzori East—EKastern slopes of Mount Ruwenzori. I 2. 

RuwENzorI Mountatns—lIn extreme western Uganda just north of Albert Edward 
Nyanza; rise to an altitude of about 20,000 feet. I 1-2. 

Sasa Sasa—Between Nairobi and Mount Kenia, a few miles southwest of Fort Hall, 
J 4-5, 

Satt MarsH—Near the eastern edge of the Loita Plains, near Lime Springs, Sotik. 
J 4. 

Sait Rrver—South of the Northern Guaso Nyiro River, east of Chanler Falls. I 5. 

Sanpat—On the Northern Guaso Nyiro, 10 miles above Archer’s Post. I 4-5. 

SHEREIK—On the east bank of the Nile in north central Sudan. B-C 2-3. 

Srsr Rrver—East of the Engare Narok, in the Southern Guaso Nyiro. J 4. 

Str AtFreD PEAse’s Farnm—See Kitanga. J 4. 

Srreorr—Near the Elgeyo Escarpment, eastern edge of Guas Ngishu Plateau. I 4. 

Strcorr LAke—Near the Elgeyo Escarpment, eastern edge of Guas Ngishu Plateau, 
northwest from Sirgoit. I 4. 

Sortrx—District in southwestern British East Africa between the Mau Escarpment 
and Kavirondo Bay. J 3-4. 

Sournern Guaso Nyrro—Region of the Southern Guaso Nyiro River, southwestern 
British East Africa. J 4. 

SourHern Guaso Nyrro River—Southwestern British East Africa and northern 
German East Africa on the west side of the Rift Valley. J 4. 

Suswa Prarn—South of Lake Naivasha and west of Kikuyu. J 4. 

Tarra Hus, or Tarra Mountarns—About midway between Kilimanjaro and the 
coast in southeastern British East Africa. K 5. 

Tana River—Heads in the Aberdares and southern side of Kenia and flows into the 
Indian Ocean something over 100 miles north of Mombasa. J 5. 

Taveta—lIn British East Africa near the German East African border southeast of 
Mount Kilimanjaro. K 4-5. 

Tevex River—North of Loita Plains in southwestern British East Africa. J 3-4. 

Tarka RrveEr—One of the affluents of the Tana River south of Mount Kenia. J 5. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9 


Tsavo—Station where the railroad in British East Africa is crossed by the Tsavo 
River; southeast of Mtoto Andei and 133 miles from Mombasa. Altitude 1,530 
feet. K5. 

TuraAw WateR—Tributary to the upper Northern Guaso Nyiro, northwest of Mount 
Kenia. I[ 4. 

UnuKentA Hirts—On the Athi Plains east of Nairobi. Also written Ulucania or 
Lukenia. J 4. 

Uma—aA village on the east bank of the Bahr el Jebel just north of Nimule, Uganda. 
He? 

Usert River—Filteen miles east of Kilimanjaro, in British East Africa. K 5. 

Vor—Station on the railway 103 miles northwest from Mombasa. Altitude 1,830 
feet. K 5. 

Vor River—Crosses the railway at Voi station, 100 miles from Mombasa, and flows 
into the Indian Ocean between Melinda and Mombasa. Also called Muhowa, 
or Muho wa Mangudo. K 5. 

WamBuau—Between Fort Hall and Mount Kenia at 5,300 feet altitude. J 4-5. 

WanGe—On the coast of British East Africa about 50 miles north of the mouth of the 
Tana River. J 6. 

West Kenia Forest Sration—A forest station on the west side of Mount Kenia at 
7,500 feet altitude. I-J 4-5. 

Yata River—See Lukosa River. [3. 

ZANZIBAR—Town on Zanzibar Island. L 5. 


The arrangement of the families of rodents follows the outlne 
given by Miller and Gidley.t. The plates ulustrate the skulls of all 
type-specimens of mammals of the orders included in this part 
which are in the museum. Three type-specimens (Lemmiscomys 
dorsalis mearnsi, Acomys ignitus montanus, and Graphiurus murinus 
isolatus) are skins only and consequently are not figured. Of the 
75 type skulls 57 are here figured for the first time. 


Order RODENTIA. 
Family SCIURIDA. 


Genus HELIOSCIURUS Trouessart. 


1880. Heliosciurus Trovessart, Naturaliste, vol. 2, p. 292. October. (H. 
gambianus.*) 

1909. Sciurus THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 3, p. 469. June. 
(Part; not of Linnzeus.) 

1916. Aithosciurus THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 17, p. 271, 
March. (H. poensis.) [Valid as a subgenus. | 


In a revision of the genera of African squirrels published by 
Thomas in 1909,° three African species were provisionally referred 
to Sciurus, chiefly because of the presence in each of the small pm, 
usually absent in Heliosciurus. No other characters are given to 
distinguish Heliosciurus from Sciurus in the diagnoses and key, 


1 Synopsis of the supergeneric groups of Rodents, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 8, pp. 431-448, 
July 19, 1918. 

2See Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 3, p. 470. June, 1909. 

* The Generic Arrangement of the African Squirrels, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 3, pp. 467-475, 
June, 1909. 


10 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


and Heliosciurus is said to possess ‘‘molars of typical Sciurus struc- 
ture.’ Later these three African species were removed by Thomas ' 
from Sciurus on the character of the baculum alone, and placed in a 
new genus, Athosciurus, further distinguished from Heliosciurus 
by the presence of two upper premolars. 

Comparison of the teeth of Sciurus vulgaris with those of Helio- 
sciurus and those of the African species referred to Sciurus (and later 
to thosciurus) shows that all these African species are closely 
related and that all differ considerably from true Sciuwrus. Speci- 
mens of ‘‘ Hthosciurus’’ poensis and ‘‘A”’ ruwenzorit agree in all essen- 
tial details of dental structure with Heliosciurus, and these all differ 
considerably from Sciurus vulgaris. The lower molars, both in 
Heliosciurus and A’thosciurus, are more complex, with definite 
transverse ridge across forward part of crown which isolates a narrow 
valley anterior to the central basin. The transverse ridges of the 
upper molars of Sciwrus are nearly parallel, while in the African 
species these ridges are strongly convergent on inner side, and there 
is always present a slightly developed hypocone. These struc- 
tural peculiarities of the molars are of so much more importance than 
the presence or absence of a small spike-like upper premolar that it 
is obvious the African species referred to Hthosciwrus are in reality 
closely related to Heliosciurus and well removed from Sciurus. The 
two African species of A’thosciurus that I have seen (I have not 
seen A. lucifer) are closely related, as shown by their peculiar colora- 
tion and the presence of the functional pm’, and should on this account 
form a subgenus of Heliosciurus. In view of the very close rela- 
tionship to true Heliosciurus and the fact that specimens of the 
latter sometimes exhibit spike-like small upper premolars it would 
hardly seem proper to recognize thosciurus as a full genus. 

For measurements of specimens of the squirrels of this genus, see 
page 13. 

HELIOSCIURUS RUWENZORIL (Schwann.) 

1904. Sciurus rufobrachiatus ruwenzorii ScHwANN, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 7, vol. 13, p. 71. January. (Wimi, or Luimi, Valley, Ruwenzori, 
Uganda; type in British Museum.) 

1910. Scturus ruwenzorii THomas ANd WrovuauTon, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 
vol. 19, p. 497. March. 


Specimen.—One, from— 

Ueanpa: Mubuku Valley, Mount Ruwenzori (Carruthers). 

The members of the Ruwenzori Expedition found this squirrel 
‘plentiful on Ruwenzori from 6,500 feet up to 8,500 feet, the bounda- 
ries of the forest-zone’? A geographical race has since been 
described from Vulcan Forest, north of Lake Kivu.’ 

This species is a member of the subgenus Athosciurus. 


1 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 17, p. 271. March, 1916. 
2 Thomas and Wroughton, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 19, p. 497, March, 1910. 
3 Sciurus ruwenzorii vulcanius Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 476, November, 1909. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fy 


HELIOSCIURUS RUFOBRACHIATUS NYANSA (Neumann). 

1902. Sciurus nyansae NruMANN, Sitz.-ber. Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, 1902, p. 
56. (Kwa Kitoto, Kavirondo [Kisumu], British East Africa; type in 
Berlin Museum. ) 

Specimens.—Highteen, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Kaimosi, 14 (Heller); Lukosa River, 4 
(Heller). 

Included in the Kaimosi series are small young without cheek teeth, 
taken January 26 and 30; and half-grown young collected February 
4. The adults, collected in late January and early February, are 
mostly in full fresh pelage, but a few show very nicely the process of 
renewal. One collected January 28 has the anterior half, above and 
below, with the exception of a narrow band across the occiput, in 
fresh coat. There is considerable variation in the color of the feet in 
the Kaimosi series—from ochraceous orange to bright chestnut. 
When the extremes in color are brought together the difference is very 
striking. 

HELIOSCIURUS KENI45 (Neumann). 

1902. Sciurus keniae NEUMANN, Sitz.-ber. Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, 1902, p. 
176. (West side of Mount Kenia, British Fast Africa, at 8,000 feet; type 
in British Museum. ) 

1910. Heliosciurus kenix Rooseve rt, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 472, 
476; London ed., pp. 484, 488.} 

Specimen.—One, from— 

British East Arrica: West slope Mount Kenia at 7,000 feet 
(Heller). 

This specimen, an old female, has the characteristic blotch of white 
on the underside of the neck, to between the forelegs. The hands and 
feet are colored like the back, with no indication of rufous or ochra- 
ceous beyond the pale ochraceous buff speckling of the hair tips. The 
species is a member of the rufobrachiatus group, but I am not aware 
that any specimens have been taken to prove intergradation with 


H. r. nyanse. 
HELIOSCIURUS UNDULATUS UNDULATUS (True). 
Plate 8. 

1892. Sciurus undulatus TrRuz, Proc. U..8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 465, fig. 3. 
(Mount Kilimanjaro, British East Africa, at 6,000 feet; type in U.S. Nat. 
Mus.) 

1909. Sciuwrus undulatus Lyon anv Oscoop, Bull. 62, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 196. 
January 28. 

1911, Heliosciurus undulatus marwitzi MbLLER, Zool, Anz., vol. 37, p.82. January, 
(Mount Kilimanjaro; type in Berlin Museum.) 

1914. Helioseiurus rufobrachiatus undulatus HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 
vol. 63, No. 7,.p.7. June 24. 


Specimens.—Two, as follows: 
British East Arrica: Mount Kilimanjaro, 6,000 feet, 1 (Abbott). 


1 Since this manuscript was prepared there has appeared a popular edition of ‘“‘African Game Trails ’’ 
in which the pagination is entirely different from that of the original edition. The references cited 
throughout this list are from the original American and London editions, published in 1910. The later 
popular edition is without title-page date. 


12 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


GERMAN Kast Arrica: Kahe, 1 (Abbott). 

The type-specimen is conspicuous among Hast African squirrels for 
its luxuriant, soft coat. It was collected at 6,000 feet altitude on June 
12. ‘The upper tooth rows each have a very small and imperfect pm‘, 
broken on the left side. This tooth is not functional and is in no way 
comparable to the small premolar regularly present in Mthosciurus. 
The large premolar has the anterior cusp developed as in Helio- 
scvurus, and there can be no doubt that the species belongs in that 
genus. The female specimen from Kahe, German East Africa, 
included by True in the original description, is so different in some 
respects from the type that I am somewhat doubtful as to its belong- 
ing with this sabspecies. It is very much shorter haired and the hair- 
rings on the upperparts are much brighter ochraceous buff than 
in the type; the skull differs from the type skull m its much broader 
rostrum, in this respect resembling the subspecies daucinus and 
shindi. The specimen was collected in September and is therefore 
not comparable with the type as to pelage; and with only the single 
skull it would be unwise to consider the specimen subspecifically dis- 
tinct on the character of the broader rostrum. After a very careful 
study of the description of Heliosciurus undulatus marwitzi Miller, 
I can not believe that that name represents a form distinct from true 
undulatus. The type of marwitzi is virtually a topotype of uwndu- 
latus; the characters presented to separate the form seem wholly 
unimportant and trifling; and furthermore the description of marwitzi 
agrees, even to its supposed distinguishing characters, very well 
indeed with the type-specimen of undulatus. 

HELIOSCIURUS UNDULATUS SHINDI Heiler. 
Plate 9. 
1914. Helioscturus rufobrachiatus shindi Hetter, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 
63, No.7, p.7. June. (Summit of Mount Umengo, Taita Hills, British 
East Africa, at 6,000 feet; type in U. 8. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimen.—One, the type, from— 

Brrrish East Arrica: Mount Umengo (Heller). 

‘‘This squirrel in confined to the remnant of forest covering the 
extreme summit of the Taita Hills, where it is very rare. The type 
was the only individual seen during a fortnight’s stay on the summit 
of Umengo Mountain. Among the Wataita tribe this squirrel is 
known as shindi’’ (Heller, reference as above, p. 8). 


HELIOSCIURUS UNDULATUS DAUCINUS Thomas. 


1909. Heliosciurus undulatus daucinus THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 
8, vol. 4, p. 101. August. (Mombasa, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 
Specimen.—One, from— 
British East Arrica: Mazeras (Heller). 


13 


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14 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


HELIOSCIURUS MULTICOLOR MADOG Heller. 
Plate 10. 
1911. Heliosciurus multicolor madoge Heiter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, 
No. 17, p.1. February 28. (Uma, Uganda; type in U. S. Nat. Mus.) 
Specimen.—One, the type: 
UcGanpa: Uma (K. Roosevelt). 
This specimen was shot in a clump of bamboo. 


HELIOSCIURUS MULTICOLOR LATERIS Thomas. 
1909. Heliosciurus multicolor lateris THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 4, p. 102. August. (Lado; type in British Museum.) 

Specimen.—One, from— 

Lavo: Rhino Camp (T. Roosevelt). 

This specimen is imperfect; the forward part, with skull, is missing, 
and it is impossible to make satisfactory comparison with the type 
of Heller’s madoge. The Lado specimen is, however, less buffy 
below than the specimen from the east side of the Nile. 


Genus PARAXERUS Major. 


1893. Paraverus Magor, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1893, p. 189. June 1. (P. 
cepapt.) 

1918. Tamiscus THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 1, p. 33. January. 
(P. emini.) [Valid as a subgenus. ] 

Three groups of squirrels in the East African collection are combined 
under the genus Parazerus. The boehmi group includes small, sharply 
striped species represented only by a specimen from Uganda; the 
palliatus group, larger species superficially resembling certain forms 
of Heliosciurus undulatus; and the medium sized scrub-squirrels, 
ochraceus and its subspecies, are represented by several forms. 
These last are closely related to the type-species of the genus, Paraze- 
rus cepapi of South Africa, but are uniformly smaller and usually 
show traces of the back-stripes so conspicuous in the boehmi group, 
but wanting in cepapi and palliatus. Thomas has proposed that the 
boehmi group be recognized as a distinct genus, Tamiscus; but the 
characters separating this group from typical Parazerus are slight and 
the relationship is very close. I should not be willing to admit more 
than subgeneric rank for Tamiscus. 

For measurements of specimens of Paraxerus see pages 17-19. 


PARAXERUS EMINI EMINY (StuhImann). 


1894. Sciwrus emini Srun~MANN, Mit Emin Pascha ins Herz von Afrika, p. 320. 
(Atyangara, Semliki River, Uganda.) 

1902. Sciurus emini ugandae NEuMANN, Sitz.-ber. Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, 
1902, p. 180. (Kampala and Entebbe, Unganda; specimens in Berlin 
Mus.) 

1910. Paraxerus behmi emini Roosrvett, Afr. Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 472; 
London ed., p. 484. 

1918. Tamiscus emint emint THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 1, p. 
34. January. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15 


Specumen.—One, from— 

UGANDA: 22 miles west of Kampala (Heller). 

No specimen of Parazerus emini from the type locality is available 
for comparison. Thomas! and Dollman’ consider the two forms 
identical and Dollman has listed specimens of emini from Entebbe, 
Uganda, not far from where our specimen was collected, and at the 
type locality of ugandx. In a review of the forms of the group pub- 
lished in 1918,3 Thomas formally places uwgande as a synonym of 


emini. 
PARAXERUS PALLIATUS SUAHELICUS (Neumann). 


1902. Sciurus palliatus suahelicus NEUMANN, Sitz.-ber. Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, 
1902, p. 178. (German East Africa opposite Zanzibar and southern part 
of British East Africa; no type designated.) 

Specimens.—Twelve, including one in alcohol, as follows: 

British Hast Arrica: Mazeras (Heller). 

Except for one specimen with a pale ochraceous tail, the skins in this 
series present a very uniform appearance. . 

Our collection contains nospecimens of Parazxerus palliatus palliatus, 
but comparison of suahelicus with Parazerus palliatus ornatus leaves 
me rather dubious as to the conspecific relationship of these two forms. 
Without material representing the intermediate type, however, it 
seems best to leave the form as usually placed by authors. 


PARAXERUS OCHRACEUS ARUSCENSIS (Pagenstecher). 
1885. Sciurus cepapi Smith var. aruscensis PAGENSTECHER, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. 
Anst., vol. 2, p. 42; Nat. Mus. Hamburg Ber. 1884, p. 42. (Pangani 
River near coast, and Great Aruscha, Meru Mts., German East Africa.) 
1892. Sciurus poensis TruE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 467. (Not of 
Smith.) 

Specimens.—Thirty-one, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Changamwe, 18, including 4 in alcohol 
(Mearns); Maji-ya-chumvi, 3 (Heller); Mount Kilimanjaro, 1 (Ab- 
bott); Mount Sagalla, summit, 1 (Heller); Mtoto Andei, 1 (Heller); 
Ndi, 1 (Heller); Taveta, 5 (Abbott); Voi, 1 (Heller). 

Only one race is represented in the series listed above. At first 
sight the Taita Hills lot appears somewhat lighter colored, grayer 
above and less ochraceous below, but a careful study of the speci- 
mens convinces me that they can not be separated from the Taveta or 
the coast series, which are surely identical. The extreme gray example 
in the Maji-ya-chumvi series is an aged female, lately nursing, and 
the only grayish specimen in the Taveta series proves to be the next 
oldest specimen of the entire thirty-one examples, and also a 
nursing female. The grayish “phase” of coloration in aruscensis 
may be a condition of pelage of old age, or of nursing females. Cer- 





1 Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 19, p. 498. March, 1910. 
2 Revue Zool. Afric., vol. 4, p. 79. 1914. 
3 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 1, pp. 34-38. January, 1918. 


16 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


tainly the youngish specimens from all localities are the extreme of 
the ochraceous phase; the older specimens with well-worn teeth are 
grayer with lighter underparts; and the only two aged specimens, 
with the teeth excessively worn, are distinctly grayish rather than 
ochraceous in color, with gray tails and very pale buffy ochraceous 
bellies. These last two specimens are the only nursing females in the 
entire series. ‘The Taita Hills specimens are all considerably older, 
with more worn molars, than the specimens from Taveta or Chan- 
gamwe, and the very slightly lighter coloration may be explained in 
this way or even by a slight difference in pelage. At any rate, the 
difference is so little that it is hardly worth considering. 

Doctor Abbott collected this squirrel up to 5,000 feet on Kiliman- 
jaro. A female collected by Heller at Ndi, November 3, contained 
two embryos and one collected at Maji-ya-chumvi, December 13, the 
same number. Mearns records the color of the iris as dark brown. 

Through the kindness of Dr. Witmer Stone I have been able to 
examine during work on this group the type of Sciurus ganana 
Rhoads,’ from the Ganana River, between British East Africa and 
Italian Somaliland. The type differs from all specimens of the 
Paraxerus ochraceus group in the collection by its much yellower 
coloration, but is obviously closest to aruscensis, of which general 
style it is the extreme. The specimen is an adult nursing female. 
The upper parts and sides are much more yellowish than in any speci- 
men of aruscensis, the limbs being almost clear yellowish buff. It 
is slightly smaller than aruscensis, with a more slender skull. ‘The 
two forms almost certainly intergrade in eastern British Hast Africa. 
Measurements of the type of Paraxerus ochraceus ganana are given 
for comparison with other forms in the table on page 19. 


PARAXERUS OCHRACEUS JACKSONI (de Winton). 

1897. Sciurus jacksoni pe Winton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 19, 
p. 574. May. (Kikuyu, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 

1909. Paraxerus jacksoni capitis THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 
4, p. 105. August. (Nairobi Forest, British Fast’ Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 

1910. Paraxerus jacksoni and Paraxerus jacksoni capitis ROOSEVELT, African Game 
Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 472 and 476; London 3d., pp. 484 and 488. 

1914. Paraxerus jacksoni COCKERELL, MILLER, and Printz, Zool. Anz., vol. 44, 
p. 435. June 23. 


Specimens.—Fourteen, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Nairobi, 10 (Mearns, Loring); Nyeri, 3 
(Heller, Mearns); Wambugu, | (Loring). 

Mearns notes the mamme, on females from Nairobi and Nyeri, as 
three pairs. The Nyeri specimens are approaching somewhat the 
Guaso Nyiro form, Paraxerus ochraceus kahari, which is slightly 
darker in color. 


1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1896, p. 522. 


1 


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PARAXERUS OCHRACEUS KAHARI Heller. 
Plate 10. 4 

1911. Paraxerus kahari HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol 56, No. 17, p.° 2. 
February 28. (Meru Boma, northeast of Mount Kenia, British East 
Africa; type in U. 8. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Your, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Jambeni Mountains, S. W., 1 (Percival); 
Meru, 1 (Heller); Mount Kenia, west slope at 7,000 feet, 2 (Heller). 

This is a slightly darker subspecies very close to jacksoni, but tend- 
ing somewhat toward percivali. The type-specimen is a young nurs- 
ing female, very thinly haired on the underparts, and slightly lighter 
and more olivaceous above than the other specimens, all of which have 
much darker underparts. The back-stripes are more distinct in this 
subspecies than in any of the other forms found in British East 
Africa, and are quite plainly seen on all four of the specimens. 
‘‘“Among the Wameru tribe this squirrel is known as kahari’”’ (Heller). 

PARAXERUS OCHRACEUS ANIMOSUS Dollman. 

1911. Paraxerus ochraceus animosus DottMan, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 8, p. 655. November. (Mount Nyiro, British East Africa; type 
in British Museum. ) 

Specimens.—Sixteen, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Lorghi Mountains, North, 1 (Percival); 
Mount Lololokwi, 13 (Heller); Mount Nyiro, 6,000 feet, 1 (Percival); 
Orr Valley, Mount Nyiro, 1 (Percival). 

The specimens collected on Mount Lololokwi are indistinguishable 
in color from the topotypes from Mount Nyiro. 

PARAXERUS OCHRACEUS PERCIVALI Dollman. 

1911. Parazerus percivali DottMan, Ann. and Mag. Nat, Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 653. 
November. (Marsabit, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 

1911. Paraxerus ochraceus augustus DoLttMAN, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 8, p. 654. November. (Marsabit, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Four, as follows: 

British Hast Arrica: Marsabit Lake (Percival). 

Three skins in this small series are of the dark type of coloration 
while the fourth is much lighter, more yellowish-ochraceous, appar- 
ently as in the type of “augustus.’”’ There can scarcely be any doubt 
as to the propriety of uniting these two named forms, which are 
evidently the extreme types of coloration in an exceedingly variable 
subspecies. Mr. Heller, who examined the specimens in London, 
made the following manuscript note on these squirrels: ‘“‘Types and 
large series examined. The type of augustus is the extreme light spec- 
imen and very different from the blackish-backed type of percwali, 
but both extremes shade into one another and both inhabit the same 
altitudes on the mountain.”’ 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Genus PROTOXERUS Major. 


1893. Protoxerus MAJOR, 
Proc. Zool. Soc. 
London, p. 189. 
(P. stangeri.) 


The discovery of the 
giant forest squirrel by the 
Rainey Expedition in the 
Kakumega Forest ex- 
tended the known range 
of this West African ge- 
nus into British East 
Africa. A race had pre- 
viously been described by 
Thomas from Entebbe, 
Uganda, as Protozxerus 
stangeri centricola... No 
specimens of giant squir- 
rels were obtained by the 
Smithsonian African Ex- 
pedition in Uganda and 
the Entebbe form is un- 
represented in our collec- 
tions. 


PROTOXERUS STANGERI BEA 
Heller. 


Plate 11. 


1912. Protoxerus stangert bea 
HELLER, Smithson- 
ian Misc. Coll., vol. 
59, No. 16, p. 2. 
July 5. (Lukosa 
River, Kakumega 
Forest, British East 
Africa; type in 
U.S. Nat. Mus.) 


Specumens.— Twelve, 
from the following locali- 
ties: 

British East AFRICA: 
Kaimosi, 7 (Heller); Lu- 
kosa River, 5 (Heller). 

The skins in this series 
show considerable varia- 
tion in color, and it is 





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1 Sciurus stangeri centricola Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. 


21 


1 Type. 


oo BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


evident that new subspecies of Protozerus should not be named 
unless based on good series of specimens. The most common varia- 
tion is in the intensity of the “reddish’’ color on the back and espe- 
cially on the rump and hind limbs. In our series this varies from 
Sudan brown to chestnut, or even, in one specimen, blackish. The 
single blackish specimen has the upper sides of the hands and feet 
largely pure glossy black. 


Genus XERUS Hemprich and Ehrenberg. 


1832. Xerus HEMPRICH AND EHRENBERG, Symb. Phys., vol. 1, sig. e e (text to 
pl. 9). (X. brachyotus.) 

1842. Spermosciurus Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Anim., p. 110. (X. rutilus.) 

1850. Xeros BurMeEtsTER, Verz. Mus. Halle-Wittemb., p. 15. (pro Xerus.) 


In addition to the two well-marked forms of this ground-squirrel 
which are represented in our collection, several subspecies have 
been named from northern British East Africa, Abyssinia, and 
Somaliland. 

For measurements of the specimens of this genus see page 23. 
XERUS RUTILUS RUFIFRONS Doltman. 
1911. Xerus dabagala rufifrons Dotiman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, 
p. 518. May. (Northern Guaso Nyiro, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Thirteen, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Archer’s Post, Northern Guaso Nyiro, 1 
(Heller); Isiola River, 1 (Heller): Kara Water, Marsabit Road, 3 
(Heller); Kenya Water, Marsabit Road, 1 (Heller); Merelle Water, 
Marsabit Road, 4 (Heller); Mount Nyiro, south of, 1 (Percival); 
Northern Guaso Nyiro River, 1 skull (K. Roosevelt); Quoy Water, 
Marsabit Road, 1 (Heller). 

There is considerable variation among the skins of this series in the 
extent of the red on the crown and also in the amount of black on the 
head and nape. The general color of the back varies greatly in the 
amount of blackish speckling, extent of the yellowish-buff dorsal 
area, and in the intensity of the vinaceous ground color. The skins 
from more northern localities are paler than those from Archer’s Post 
and Isiola River and are doubtless approaching some one of the 
Abyssinian forms in color. 

A female collected at Archer’s Post, September 23, contained two 


large embryos. 
XERUS RUTILUS SATURATUS Neumann. 


1892. Xerus rutilus Trur, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 467. (Specimen 
from Taveta; not of Cretzschmar.) 
1900. Xerus saturatus NEUMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 13, p. 546. (Kibwezi, 
British East Africa.) 
Specimens.—Two, as follows: 
Britisa Hast Arrica: Taveta, 1 (Abbott); Voi River, Taita Hallas 
1 (Heller). 


23 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





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94 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


This darker race of X erus rutilus must be very much like the later 
described Xerus dabagala dorsalis Dollman! from Baringo. Mr. 
Dollman has in fact referred specimens from the Tsavo River, virtu- 
ally topotypes, to his form.? Neumann’s specimens were young, 
which perhaps accounts for his description of the hands and feet as 
“deep rust-red;” the feet of younger specimens of ground squirrels 
seem to be darker than those of adults. The color is still more likely 
to have been due to soil stain, as the Taveta specimen collected by 
Doctor Abbott has the feet deeply stained by red soil, the pigment 
being plainly visible with the aid of a lens. 


Genus EUXERUS Thomas. 


1909. Huxerus THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 3, p. 473. June. 
(E. erythopus.) 

No East African forms have been named in this genus since Mr. 
Thomas published his key and synopsis of the group (as a subdi- 
vision of X erus) in 1905.3 

For measurements of specimensof squirrels of this genus see page 23. 


EUXERUS ERYTHOPUS LEUCOUMBRINUS (Riippell). 
[1835]. Sciurus leucoumbrinus Rtrrett, Neue Wirbelth. Fauna Abyssinien 
gehorig, Siug., p. 38. 1835-1840. (Abyssinia, Sennaar, and Kordofan.) 
Specimens.—Two, as follows: 
Eritrea: Agordat (from W. F. H. Rosenberg). 


EUXERUS LACUSTRIS (Thomas). 


1905. Xerus erythropus lacustris THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 
15, p.388. April. (Masindi, Unyoro, Uganda; type in British Museum.) 


Specvmen.—One, from— 

Bririsu East Arrica: Kaimosi (Turner). 

No specimens of typical Euzerus lacustris are available for a direct 
comparison, but the Kavirondo specimen agrees so well with Mr. 
Thomas’s description that I have no hesitation in labeling it lacustris. 
I believe the form to go rather with microdon than with erythopus, as 
the teeth most resemble the East African form. All the races will 
probably prove to be subspecies of erythopus. 


EUXERUS MICRODON (Thomas). 


1905. Xerus microdon Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 15, p. 389. 
April. (Kitui, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 

1905. Xerus microdon fulvior THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 
15, p. 389. April. (Fort Hall, British East Africa; type in British 
Museum.) 

1910. Huzxerus microdon fulvior Roosrvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., 
p. 472; London ed., p. 484. 


1 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, p. 519. May, 1911. 
2 Revue Zool. Africaine, vol. 4, p. 89. July, 1914. 
8 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 15, pp. 387-390. April, 1905. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2.5 


Specimens.—Thirteen, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Fort Hall, 2 (Mearns); Mtoto Andei, 6: 
(Heller); Oni, 1 (Loring); Wambugu, 4 (Loring, Mearns). 

The specimens from Mtoto Andei are apparently inseparable from 
those from the vicinity of Fort Hall. As with all ground squirrels, 
skins of this species are frequently stained from the soil and the 
color of the feet, tail, and even the entire body is sometimes greatly 
changed. This is especially so with animals living in red soil and the 
pigment can sometimes be seen with a strong glass. 


On see : : 
Mearns records the mamme as je Te pairs, on a specimen. 


from Wambugu. 
Family CRICETIDAE. 


Genus DIPODILLUS Lataste. 
1881. Dipodillus LavastE, Le Naturaliste, vol. 1, p. 506. (D. simont.) 


Four forms of these pigmy gerbils are recognized in British East 
Africa; three of them are included in the National Museum collection. 
The fourth, described by Dollman from Voi as Dipodillus percivali,: 
is probably the Gerdillus pusillus of Peters,? the type of which came 
from Taita and is preserved in the Berlin Museum. Numerous 
species are known from northern Africa. 

For measurements of specimens of Dipodillus see table, page 26. 


DIPODILLUS WATERSI (de Winton). 


1901. Gerbillus (Dipodillus) waterst pE Winton, Noy. Zool., vol. 8, p. 399. De- 
cember 31. (Shendi, Sudan; type in British Museum.) 
1905. Dipodillus waterst ScHwANnN, Nov. Zool., vol. 12, p. 3. January. 
Speciomens.—Three, as follows: 
Supan: Kerma, 1 (Rothschild); Merowe, 2 (Rothschild). 
This species is superficially very much like Dipodillus stigmonyz 
from Khartoum, but is slightly paler in color and has a smaller hind 


foot. 
DIPODILLUS STIGMONYX (Heuglin). 


1877. Meriones stigmonyx Hruauin, Reise Nordost-Afrika, vol. 2, p. 78. (Khar- 
toum, Sudan.) 
Specimens.—Six, including two in alcohol, as follows: 
Supan: Khartoum (Heller, Loring). 
DIPODILLUS DIMINUTUS Doliman. 


1911. Dipodillus diminutus Dottman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, p. 
520. May. (Nyama Nyango, Northern Guaso Nyiro, British East. 
Africa; type in British Museum.) 
Specimen.—One, from— 
British East Arrica: Kurseine, Northern Guaso Nyiro (Heller). 





1 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 14, p. 488. December, 1914. 
2 Mon. -ber. Akad. Berlin, 1878, p. 201. 


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BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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27 


The soles of the feet in this 
specimen are more hairy than in 
any specimen of Dipodillus har- 
woodi, but do not approach in 
this respect the conditions usual 
in Gerbillus or in Tateriilus. 

DIPODILLUS HARWOODI HARWOODI 
(Thomas). 
1901. Gerbillus (Dipodillus) har- 
woodi THomas, Ann. and 
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 
vol. 8, p. 275. October. 
(Lake Naivasha, British 
Kast Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 
1910. Dipodillus harwoodi RoosE- 
veLT, African Game 
Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 472, 
77, 484: London ed., pp. 
484,488,495. (Part; speci- 
mens from Naivasha.) 

Specimens.—Forty-nine, 
from localities as follows: 

Britisu East Arrica: Lake 
Naivasha, 43, including 10 in 
alcohol (Loring, Mearns); Nai- 
vasha Station, 6 (Loring). 

On the sandy desert flats on the 
southwest side of Lake Naivasha they 
[D. harwoodi}] were abundant. The 
holes running obliquely into the 
ground were sometimes blocked with 
sand from the inside. On the opposite 
side of the lake there was less sand, 
and here the gerbilles were found only 
in spots. In sand alone the burrows 
resembled those described, but where 
the ground was hard they entered 
almost perpendicular and were never 
blocked. Often seed pods and tiny 
cockle burrs were strewn about the 
entrances.! 

DIPODILLUS HARWOODI LUTEUS 

Doliman. 

1910. Dipodillus harwoodi RoosE- 
veLT, African Game 
Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 
477, 484; London ed., pp. 
488, 495. (Part; speci- 
mens from Southern 
Guaso Nyiro region.) 


1 Loring, in Roosevelt’s African Game Trails, Appendix ©, p. 484. 1910. 


28 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


1914. Dipodillus luteus DottMan, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 14, p. 
489. December. (Southern Guaso Nyiro, Nyanza Province, British 
East Africa; type in British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Nine, including three in alcohol, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Southern Guaso Nyiro River (Loring, 
Heller, Mearns). 

The Southern Guaso Nyiro form of the pygmy gerbil is closely 
related to true harwoodi of Naivasha. It is distinguished only by 
its paler and brighter color.’ 

Mearns records the color of the iris in this animal as dark brown. 


Genus TATERILLUS Thomas. 


1910. Taterillus Toomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 6, p. 222. August. 
(T. emint.) 

Although several forms of gerbils of the genus Taterillus have been 
recorded from British East Africa northward into Sudan, only one 
species was obtained by the Smithsonian African Expedition and no 
other specimens have ever reached the museum from any source. 


TATERILLUS EMINI (Thomas). 


1892. Gerbillus emini Toomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 78. 
January. (Wadelai, Uganda; type in British Museum.) 
1910. Tatera emini Roosrve t, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 472; London 
ed., p. 484. 
Specimens.—F ive, from localities as follows: 
Lapo: Rhino Camp, 1 (Loring). 
Uganpa: Gondokoro, 4, including 1 in alcohol (Loring). 


Genus TATERA Lataste. 


1882. Tatera LaTAste, Le Naturaliste, vol. 4, p. 126. (T. indicus.) 

1897. Gerbilliscus Tuomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 433. (7. béhmi.) [Valid 
as a subgenus. } 

1917. Taterona Wroucuton, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 25, No.1, p. 40. 
(1. afra.) 

Two well marked subgenera of gerbils referable to Tatera are found 
in East Africa. Typical Tatera is widely distributed and is abund- 
antly represented in the museum collection. The second subgenus 
Gerbilliscus, is represented in the collection by only a single form. 
This is the large white-tailed gerbil of the 6éhmi group which is abund- 
ant in the Southern Guaso Nyiro region of British East Africa, and 
which was described by Heller as Tatera varia. 

In describing the genus Taterona, Wroughton has separated the 
species usually referred to Tatera Lataste into two groups, the African 
forms all going into his new genus while Tatera is restricted to Asia. 
The characters used seem to be of too little value to justify such a 
proceeding; of those mentioned, the shape of the lateral parietal 


1 Not ‘‘duller,” as stated by Dollman in the original description. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 29 


sutures alone appears to be fairly constant, and it seems of trifling 
importance. Some specimens of African species have a dark stripe 
along the under side of the tail, one of the chief characters used by 
Wroughton to distinguish the Asiatic species (see below, under 
Tatera vicina viewna). 
For measurements of specimens of Tatera see table, pages 33-35. 
TATERA VICINA VICINA (Peters). 
1878. Gerbillus vicinus Peters, Mon.-ber. Kén. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1878, p. 200. 
(Kitui, Ukamba, British East Africa; type in Berlin Museum.) 
1906. Tatera mombase WroucutTon, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 17, p. 
493. May. (Takangu, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 
1910. Tatera mombase Roosrvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 472; 
London ed., p. 484. 


Specimens.—Sixty-one, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Changamwe, 8, including 3 in alcohol 
(Mearns); Maji-ya-chumvi, 10 (Heller); Mariakani, 1 (Heller); Ma- 
zeras, 28 (Heller); Mount Sagalla, 1 (Heller); Mtoto Andei, 13, 
including 3 in alcohol (Heller). 

I am unable to distinguish by any characters whatever specimens 
from the coast region near Mombasa from specimens collected at 
Mtoto Andei, which are presumably typical of vicina. Mtoto Andei 
is in the same kind of country as is Kitui, the type locality of vicina. 
An intensity of color would naturally be looked for in the coast 
specimens, but these are not darker on the average than skins from 
farther inland. There is a remarkable variation in the color of the 
tails in the entire lot. Some are entirely blackish on the terminal 
third, have a broad stripe of dark brown above, and a narrow stripe 
below, so that the light brownish colored area below is much restricted. 
Others have only a narrow stripe of brown along’ the upper side and 
have the entire under side light buffy. Between these extremes are 
all degrees of variation. 

Mearns records the color of the iris as dark brown. Heller gives 
records of embryos as follows: Maji-ya-chumvi, December 10, five; 
December 12, five. Heller’s manuscript notes on the type-specimen 
of Gerbillus vicinus Peters in the Berlin Museum are as follows: 

Type, 5273, Kitui (Coll. Hildebrandt). Marked in Peter’s writing with name, and 
no doubt the type. Skull with only rostrum and molars intact; braincase broken 


badly. One other specimen mounted, but skull of this only represented by tip of 


rostrum with incisors. 
TATERA VICINA POTH Heller. 


Plate 12, 
1910. Tatera pothe HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol.56, No.9, p.2. July 22. 
(Potha, Kapiti Plains, British East Africa; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 
1910. Tatera pothe Roosrvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 472, 476; 
London ed., pp. 484, 488. 


30 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Specimens.—Thirty, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Kapiti Plains, 10, including three in alco- 
hol (Loring); Suswa Plains, 1 (Heller); Ulukenia Hills, 19, including 
5 in alcohol (Loring). 

This is a very slightly differentiated subspecies. In color it is 
almost precisly as in true vicina, but the tail is lighter colored and 
apparently never becomes blackish as in the coast form. Jn African 
Game Trails, Roosevelt and Heller say of this form: 

Common on the Athi Plains, in open ground at the foot of the hills. Live in short 
grass, not bush. Nocturnal. Live in burrows, each burrow often possessing several 
entrances, and sometimes several burrows, all inhabited by same animal, not com- 
municating. 

Loring found four embryos, each 17 mm. long, in a female col- 
lected November 28 at Ulukenia Hills. 


TATERA VICINA ICONICA Dollman. 
1911. Tatera iconica Dottman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, p. 521. 
May. (Nyama Nyango, Northern Guaso Nyiro; type in British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Seventeen, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Isiola River, 3 in alcohol (Heller); Mount 
Gargues, 4 (Heller); Mount Lololokwi, 2 (Heller); Northern Guaso 
Nyiro River, 8, including 4 in alcohol, (Heller). 

This is another slight color subspecies of T. vicuna. There ap- 
pear to be no skull characters to distinguish it from true vicina or 
from pothe, and the color difference is only average. Certain speci- 
mens almost exactly match in every detail specimens of vicina, but 
the series as a whole appears slightly paler with less indication of a 
darker dorsal area. 


TATERA NIGRICAUDA NIGRICAUDA (Peters). 
1878. Gerbillus nigricaudus Prrers, Mon.-ber. Kén. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1878, 
p. 200. (Ndi, Taita, British East Africa; type in Berlin Museum.) 

Specimens.—Four, from localities as follows: 

Bririsu Easr Arrica: Maji-ya-chumvi, 1 (Heller); Mtoto Andel, 
2, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); Voi, 1 (Heller). 

Notwithstanding the great difference in the color of the tail between 
typical examples of nigricauda and vicina, there are numerous young 
examples which have been placed with the series of vicina which 
might equally well be supposed to belong under nigricauda. . I 
can find no characters whatever to separate the two species except 
the color of the tail, and as shown under remarks on Tatera vicina 
vicina there is almost every intermediate stage in color pattern 
between the lightest and darkest colored tails in that form; and the 
step to the totally black tail of ‘‘nigricauda”’ is small. 

The greatest skull length of Peters’s type-specimen is given as 
49 mm., and Wroughton records a specimen in the British Museum 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 31 


with a greatest skull length of 52 mm. These measurements far 
exceed the dimensions of any specimen in our collection; the longest 
skull before me measures 41.5 in greatest length, but this specimen 
is a female with teeth only moderately worn and might somewhat 
exceed these measurements if older. No really old male skulls are 
in the collection, and I am consequently unable to determine to my 
own satisfaction the status of nigricauda and vicina, but I shall not 
be surprised if later some worker with more adult material than seems 
at present available, combines the two in a single species, which would 
take the name nigricauda. 

Heller’s notes on the type-specimens of Gerbillus nigricaudus Peters, 
which he examined at Berlin, are as follows: 

Skull No. 5278, Taita (Coll. Hildebrandt). Skin destroyed by insects and thrown 
away. Skull perfect, except one zygomatic arch gone. 

TATERA NIGRICAUDA NYAMA Dollmen. 
1911. Tatera nigricauda nyama DoLttMAN. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 7, p. 522. May. (Nyama Nyango, Northern Guaso Nyiro, British 
East Africa; type in British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Nineteen, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Archer’s Post, 2 (Heller); Isiola River, 8 
(Heller); Lakiundu River, 2 (Heller); Mount Gargues, 1 (Heller); 
Orr Valley, Mount Nyiro, 6 (Percival). 

I find it equaliy hard to separate satisfactorily specimens of this 
form from Tatera vicina iconica, as with the case of nigricauda and 
vicina of eastern British East Africa. There are no very old skulls 
of males in the series which may account for my trouble, but I 
have been unable to find any character other than the rather unsatis- 
factory one of relative amount of black in the coloration of the tail 
to distinguish nyama from iconica. 

The specimens from Orr Valley are much paler, more rusty colored 
than the skins from the Northern Guaso Nyiro region, but are ap- 
parently in a different state of pelage and are hardly comparable. 
They were collected in March and early April while the Guaso Nyiro 
skins were taken in July and September. Skins taken at the same 
season might show the animals from the two localities to be slightly 
different. A subspecies from a comparatively short distance to the 
north on the Sagan River, Bodessa, southern Abyssinia, was recently 
described by Frick as Tatera nigricauda bodessx.* 

TATERA NIGRICAUDA PERCIVALI Heller. 
Plate 13. 
1914. Taiera nigracauda (sic) percivali HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 63, 
No. 7, p. 8. June 24. (Lorian Swamp, British East Africa; type in 
U.S. Nat. Mus.) 
Specimen.—One, the type, from— 
Britisu East Arrica: Lorian Swamp (Percival). 


1 Ann. Carnegie Museum, vol. 9, p.14. June 6, 1914. 


32 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


I can add no information regarding the status of this form beyond 
what is given in the original diagnosis. The type-specimen, a rather 
young adult female, is considerably paler, more buffy, than any 
specimen of TYatera n. nyama in the collection, and the form will 
doubtless stand as a color subspecies of the vicina-nigricauda group. 


TATERA LIODON DUNDASI Wroughton. 

1909. Tatera dundasi Wroucuton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 539. 
December. (Kirui, Mount Elgon, British East Africa; type in British 
Museum.) 

Specimens.—Two, as follows: 
British Hast Arrica: Nzoia River, Guas Ngishu Plateau (Heller). 


TATERA LIODON SMITHI Wroughton. 
1909. Tatera smithi WrouauHtTon, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 3, p. 249. 
March. (Mubende, Unyoro, Uganda, type in British Museum.) 

Specimens. —Fifteen, from localities as follows: 

Ueanpa: Kikandwa, 1 (Loring); Kikonda, 5 (Loring); Kisimbiri, 
2 (Loring); Kisingo, 3 (Loring); Lialo, 1 (Loring). 

Brirish East Arrica: Kaimosi, 3 (Heller). 

Closely related to dundast. 


TATERA NIGRITA Wroughton. 


1906. Tatera nigrita WroucutTon, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 17, p. 491. 
May. (Masindi, Unyoro, Uganda, type in British Museum.) 

1910. Tatera nigrita RoosEvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 472; London 
ed., p. 484. 


Specimen.—One, as follows: 

Uaanpa: Kisimbiri (Loring). 

Specimens of this small, dark Tatera might easily be mistaken for 
the young of the larger Tatera liodon smithi, which occurs at the same 
localities. 

TATERA MACROPUS (Heuglin). 


1864. Meriones macropus Hevatin, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Car. Germ. Nat. 


Cur., Dresden, vol. 31, Article 7, p. 9. (Between Djur and Kosanga 


Rivers, Bongo, Sudan.) 

Specimens.—Hight, as follows: 

Lavo: Rhino Camp, 1 skull only (Loring). 

Ucanpa: Ledgus, 1 (Loring); Lombeki River, 1 (Loring); Ni- 
mule, 5, including 1 in alcohol (Heller, Loring). 

These specimens have been compared in London by Heller with 
skins from Bor, Sudan, identified as Tatera macropus. The form 
represented is in color very much like Tatera liodon smithi from farther 
south in Uganda, but is less dark. The skulls are much as in smitha, 
but have decidedly lighter colored incisors which show deeper grooves 
on the face than usual in smith. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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36 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The single odd skull from Rhino Camp, Lado, is younger than any 
specimen from Uganda, but appears to represent the same form. It 
is really of little importance except to prove the presence of some 
species of Tatera at that locality. A form of the liodon group has 
been described by Thomas from the upper Welle River, Congo, as 
Tatera dichrura.| This locality is comparatively near to Lado, but 
is in the Congo drainage and it is probably doubtful if dichrura 
extends into the Nile watershed at Rhino Camp, although certain 
large mammals cross the low divide. 

It would not be surprising, in view of the close resemblance, if 
the form here under consideration was found eventually to inter- 
grade with Tatera liodon smithi along the east side of Albert Nyanza. 


TATERA ROBUSTA (Cretzschmar). 
1826. Meriones robustus CreTzscHMaAR, Atlas Reise nérdi. Afrika von Riippell, 
vol. 1, p. 75, pl. 29, fig. 6. (Ambukol, Sudan; type in Frankfort Museum.) 
1902. Tatera robustus ANDERSON, Zool. Egypt, Mamm., p. 265. 
1905. Tatera robustus Scawann, Nov. Zool., vol. 2 p. 2. January. 
1906. Tatera robusta Wrovucuron, Ann. Baal Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 17, p. 
494, May. 


Specimen.—One, as follows: 
Supan: Naikhala (Rothschild). 


TATERA BOHMI VARIA Heller. 
Plate 12. 
1910. Tatera varia HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 9, p.1. July 
22. (Southern Guaso Nyiro River, British East Africa; type in U. 8S. 
Nat. Mus.) 
1910. Tatera varia Roosrvent, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 472, 476; 
London ed., pp. 484, 488. 


Specimens.—Thirty, including one in alcohol, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Southern Guaso Nyiro River (Loring, 
Heller). 

This splendid series contains specimens of all ages from young in 
the first pelage to old adults. The juvenile coat is dark and glossy, 
much darker than in adults; this is followed by a paler post-juvenile 
pelage of dull grayish buff which is quite different from the brighter 
coat of adults. The species belongs to the subgenus Gerbilliscus. 

Lives in the open plains, among the grass; not among bushes, nor at foot of hills. 
Lives in burrows, one animal apparently having several, each burrow with a little 
mound at the entrance. Nocturnal. (Roosevelt, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., 
Pate Genus LOPHIOMYS Milne-Edwards. 


1867. Lophiomys Mitne-Epwarps, L’Institut, vol. 35, p. 46. February 6. 
(L. imhausii.) 

1867. Phractomys Prrers, Zeitsch. Naturw. Halle, vol. 29, p. 195. February. 
(L. xthiopicus.) 


1 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 16, p. 147. August, 1915. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 311 


Although a few specimens of the maned rat find their way into 
collections from time to time, the animal is still so rare that no suita- 
ble series are available for study. If all the collections in various 
museums were combined it would still be impossible to form any 
correct idea of the relationships of the named forms, and it will 
doubtless be many years before sufficient material has accumulated. 
All the forms known from British East Africa are represented in our 
collection, with the exception of Lophiomys testudo Thomas from 
Ravine Station, the type-specimen of which remains to this date 
unique. 

For measurements of specimens of Lophiomys see table, page 39. 


LOPHIOMYS BOZASI Oustalet. 
1902.: Lophiomys bozast OustTaLEeT, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1902, p. 400. 
(Goba, southern Abyssinia; type in Paris Museum.) 
1910. Llophiomys] bozast THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 6, p 
223. August. 

Specimen.—One, as follows: 

ABYSSINIA: Let Marefia, Shoa (Ragazzi). 

Mr. Thomas believes that this form will prove to be identical with 
L. xthiopicus Peters, the type-specimen of which came from Maman, 
Sudan. 

LOPHIOMYS THOMASI Heller. 
Plate 14. 


1912. Lophiomys thomasi HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, p. 4. 
July 5, 1912. (Mount Gargues, Mathews Range, British East Africa, 
6,000 feet; type in U. S. Nat. Mus.) 
Specimens.—Three, as follows: 
BritisH East Arrica: Mount Gargues (Heller). 
Heller records the stomach contents of one specimen as leaves and 
seeds; of the two others leaves only. 
This is a distinct species, with a much smaller skull than the 
neighboring forms, bozasi on the north and hindei on the south. 
According to Heller’s notes these three specimens were caught in 
rock crevices above permanent water in an old creek bed in rank, 
weedy vegetation. The two females were quite gentle and could 
be stroked after taken from the traps. They were slow and dazed 
in their movements but when disturbed made a series of faint puffs 
or sneezes, apparently to alarm the aggressor. The old male, how- 
ever, bit savagely when irritated and made a coughy, sneezy bark 
when angry. Held by the tail they were unable to turn up and bite. 
Heller believes these Lophiomys to be strictly rock-dwellers, not- 
withstanding reports of their living in holes of trees. His captive 
specimens were apparently unable to climb and when placed in the 
fork of a tree soon fell out. 


38 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


LOPHIOMYS IBEANUS IBEANUS Thomas. 
Plate 2. 


1910. Llophiomys] ibeanus THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 6, 
pp. 223 and 224. August. (Mile 513, Uganda Railway, between Londiani 
and Lumbwa stations, Mau region, British East Africa; type in British 
Museum.) 

1910. Llophiomys] ibeanus ibeanus Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 
6, p. 223. August. 

1912. Lophiomys ibeanus BAKER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 9, p. 1, 
pl. 1. May 17. 


Specimens.—Three, from localities as follows: 

British Kast Arrica: Naivasha Escarpment, 1 (Heller) Nakuru, 
2, including one with complete skeleton (Goldfinch). 

The two specimens from Nakuru were obtained alive by Mr. A. B. 
Baker of the National Zoological Park from Mr. G. H. Goldfinch, 
Assistant Game Warden of British East Africa. Mr. Baker has pub- 
lished some notes on these specimens, from which I extract the fol- 
lowing:! 


This species of Lophiomys occurs in the higher part of British East Africa and is 
known only to the Wandorobo, a tribe of expert hunters, who explore every corner 
of the forests. Mr. Goldfinch was well aquainted with the game of that region and with 
its animals generally, but this one he knew only from descriptions given by the natives. 
At his urgent request they secured two specimens in the forest near Nakuru, at about 
8,000 feet altitude. These he forwarded to Nairobi, whence they were shipped with 
the collection of animals which had been presented to the Park by Mr. W. N. McMillan 
of that place. One died at Port Said, while on the way to America, and the other 
came through safely. 

Mr. Goldfinch states that Lophiomys is arboreal and lives in the thick forest of the 
high country, feeding on leaves and tender shoots, also that the natives are averse 
to handling the animal, believing its bite to be poisonous. It is, he says, ‘‘very 
rare or only got by accident here.” In captivityit eats cabbage, sweet potatoes, and 
other vegetables, and is especially fond of sweet potato leaves and the endive salad 
plant. It is strictly nocturnal, and its slow movements are very suggestive of the 
Canada porcupine (Hrethizon dorsatus). 


From Heller’s experience with Lophiomys thomasi and the fact that 
the Naivasha Escarpment specimen of ZL. abeanus was snared in the 
rocks, on hyrax runways on a cliff, it seems probable that the story 
of the arborial habits of Lophiomys is a myth. 

LOPHIOMYS IBEANUS HINDEI Thomas. 
1910. Llophiomys] i[beanus] hindei THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 


vol. 6, p. 223. August. (Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mountains, British East 
Africa; type in British Museum.) 


Specumen.—One skull as follows: 
British East Arrica: West side of Mount Kenia at 8,500 feet 
(Loring). 


1 Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 9, p.2. May 17, 1912. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 99, PART.2 





PL. 


2 


EAST AFRICAN MANED Rat. 


N7alk 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 





39 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





























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64952—19—Bull. 99, pt 2——4 


40 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


On account of its large size I have referred this specimen to hindei, 
although I quite agree with Doctor Lénnberg’s statement that ‘it 
appears hardly possible to maintain L. 7. hindei as a subspecies as it 
only differs in size,’ and the specimen recorded by him from the 
Mau Escarpment (the type region of ibeanus) exceeds in cranial 
dimensions the type of hindei. The large masseteric knob which has 
been given as a specific character of ibeanus is characteristic of the 
old male, and is wanting in young adult male and adult female 
skulls in our collection. Sufficiently large series of skulls of Lophiomys 
to work out the ordinary individual variation and the increase in size 
with age are greatly desired. 


Family RHIZOMYID. 
Genus TACHYORYCTES Riippell. 


[1835.] Tachyoryctes RUppELL, Neue Wirbelth. Fauna Abyssinien gehorig. Siug., 
p. 35. 1835-1840. (7. splendens.) 
1843. Chrysomys Gray, List Mamm. British Museum, p. 150. (7. splendens.) 

The United States National Museum collection contains eight 
forms of the East African mole-rat. While these are all closely 
related species, all have constant characters of differentiation, and 
intergradation between any two of them is not indicated by this ma- 
terial. There is in no case any doubt as to where any given specimen 
should be listed. When collections have been made over all parts 
of British East Africa and Abyssinia numerous forms will doubtlessly 
be connected by complete chains of intergrades and the final mono- 
grapher of the genus will be obliged to reduce many of the named 
forms to the rank of subspecies. Six currently recognized forms are 
not represented in our collection. These are splendens Riippell, 1835, 
and macrocephalus Rippell, 1845, from Abyssinia; annectens Thomas, 
1891, doubtfully from Lake Naivasha; badius and storeyi Thomas, 
1909, from Eldoma Ravine and Lake Elmenteita, British East Africa; 
and somalicus Osgood, 1910, from Somaliland. The species described 
by Thomas in 1891, annectens, is larger than any form in our collection 
excepting rez of Mount Kenia; its type locality seems to be in question, 
but the specimen on which the name is based is supposed to have been 
collected somewhere in the vicinity of Lake Naivasha. All of our 
specimens from Lake Naivasha belong to a much smaller species 
described by Thomas in 1909 from the same region. 

The examination of large series of specimens of Tachyorctes proves 
the utter lack of value of certain skull characters which have ordi- 
narily been used in diagnosing new species. The shape of the nasal 
bones, for example, is so variable that skulls in almost any series 
exhibit the entire range of variation usual in the genus. The presence 


1 Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 48, No.5, p.101. 1912. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 4] 


of conspicuous concavity, or a sharply marked reentrant curve on the 
outer lateral margin is purely individual and is not even an average 
character of value in differentiating forms. 

Skins of females average darker than those of males in all species 
of mole-rats represented in the United States National Museum col- 
lection except Tachyoryctes spalacinus. 

In the table of measurements of specimens of this genus, dimen- 
sions of old adult examples only are given, the oldest animals in each 
series having been’selected for this purpose. The majority of speci- 
mens in collections are rather young. 

TACHYORYCTES RUDDI Thomas. 
1909. Tachyoryctes ruddi Taomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 546. 
December. (Kirui, Mt. Elgon, British East Africa; type in British 
Museum. ) 

Specimens.—Thirty-seven, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Kaimosi, 2 in alcohol (Heller); Kakumega, 
32 (Heller) ; Lukosa River, 3 (Heller). 

This is the darkest species of Tachyoryctes in the collection. All of 
the young examples are intense black and a large proportion of the 
fully adult specimens are very dark blackish-brown or nearly black. 
As with other forms the females average darker than the males. 
Two nursing young were collected at Kakumega, February 16. Two 
adult females from the same place, February 15 and 16, each con- 


tained one embryo. 
TACHYORYCTES REX Heller. 


Plate 15. 
1910. Tachyoryctes rex HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 9, p. 4. July 
22. (Western slope of Mount Kenia, 10,000 feet; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 
1910. Tachyoryctes rex Roosrvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 
485; London ed., pp. 485, 496. 


Specimens.—Forty-nine, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Mount Kenia, west side, 49, including 2 in 
alcohol (Loring, Mearns). 

These specimens were all collected at an altitude of from 9,000 
to 10,700 feet. Mr. Heller says: 


This is an extremely abundant species on Mount Kenia, where it inhabits a narrow 
zone at the upper edge of the bamboo forest where the moorland country first makes 
its appearance. The species is not found immediately below this area in the bamboo 
or yew forests, but another species appears on the grassy plains at the base of the 
mountain.! 


Mr. Loring, who collected most of the specimens, has the following 
note on Tachyoryctes in Colonel Roosevelt’s African Game Trails :? 


Mole-rat mounds were common about the West Kenia Forest Station, but none were 
seen between 7,500 and 8,500 feet, and from this altitude they ranged to 11,000 feet. 








1 Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 9, p. 4. July 22, 1910. 
2 Appendix C, pp. 485, 486. 1910. 


49 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


They inhabited all of the open grassy plots in the bamboo belt and in the open timber. 
The ‘boys’ snared many in nooses ingeniously placed in the runs that were opened 
and closed after the trap was set. While digging into the burrows, several times I 
found bulky nests of dried erass in side pockets just off the main runway. Most of them 
were empty, but one was filled with the animals’ droppings. 

This large, fluffy-haired mole-rat is obviously closely related to 
Tachyoryctes audax of the Aberdare Range, but exceeds the latter 
greatly in dimensions. The colors are much the same in the two spe- 
cies, but adult skulls of rex are very much larger than skulls of audaz. 
There is more than ordinary difference in size of skulls of the sexes; 
female skulls are much smaller. Young examples are usually quite 
blackish and often have irregular blotches of white on the under- 
parts. Loring records a female with one large embryo, October 5. 
Doctor Mearns notes the color of the iris as dark grayish brown. 

The excellent series of forty-seven skulls of this species shows to 
good advantage the change in size of the teeth with age. A long 
suite of skulls having been laid out according to age, as judged by 
various characteristics of the skull and teeth, it is seen that there is a 
great change in the crown area of the molars during the animal’s life. 
At first the actual crown area is small; it gradually increases in size * 
with wear until a maximum is reached at about the time the external 
reentrant angle disappears from the pattern. There is then a gradual 
decrease in crown area; when old age is reached the size of the tooth 
again appears to be about as in the young adult period. In describing 
new forms as ‘‘smaller toothed”? or “larger toothed,’’ material 
should be compared with specimens of exactly the same age. 


TACHYORYCTES SPALACINUS Thomas. 


1909. Tachyoryctes spalacinus THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 
547. December. (Embi, near Mount Kenia, british East Africa; type 
in British Museum.) 


Specimens.—F¥orty-one, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Nyeri, 1 (Loring); two day’s journey east 
of Nyeri, 1 (T. Roosevelt); Wambugu, 39, including 1 in alcohol 
{Loring, Mearns). 

As in related species all skins of very young animals in this series 
are wholly black. There is little or no average difference in the 
color of the sexes in our series of spalacinus; the species differs in this 
respect from all other forms of Tachyoryctes represented in the United 
States National Museum collection. The species is a handsome one, 
rich and dark in color. The skin of one old adult male is entirely 
black, like the skins of young animals. A conspicuous specific skull 
character is found in the upper incisors, which protrude far forward. 


Mearns records the mamme as : = ; — Z =4 pairs. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 43 


TACHYORYCTES AUDAX Thomas. 
1910. Tachyoryctes audax THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 5, p. 421. 
May. (Aberdare Range, British East Africa, 10,000 feet; type in 

British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Twenty-two, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, summit, 11,000 feet, 
15 (Heller); Aberdare Mountains, 9,100 feet and 10,500 feet, 3, includ- 
ing one in alcohol (Heller); Changongorra, Aberdare Range, 1 
(Heller); Mayo River, 3 (Heller). 

This large, pale mole-rat looks much like Tachyoryctes rex of Mount 
Kenia, but is smaller. In the series of 21 skins there are only two 
blackish specimens, both of which are young. 


TACHYORYCTES NAIVASHZE Thomas. 


1909. Tachyoryctes naivashe THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, 
p. 547. December. (Lake Naivasha, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 

1910. Tachyoryctes annectens RoosEve tt, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 473; 
London ed., p. 485. (Not of Thomas.) 

1910. Tachyoryctes poleitons ibeanus ROOSEVELT, African Game Trails, Amer. ed.3 
p. 485; London, ed., p. 496. (Not of Thomas.) 


Specimens.—Highty, from the following localities: 

British Hast Arrica: Deep Dale, Loita Plains, 1 (Heller); 
Kabalolot Hill, 1 (Heller); Kijabe, 9, including eight odd skulls 
(Heller, Mearns); Lake Naivasha, 32, including 3 in alcohol (Loring, 
Mearns, Heller); Loita Plains, 4 in alcohol (Heller); Naivasha Sta- 
tion, 17 (Loring, Mearns); Oljoro O Nyon, 7 (Loring); Salt Marsh, 
Sotik, 1 skull (Heller); Sibi River, Southern Guaso Nyiro, 1 (Heller); 
Sieve Plains, 7 (Heller). 

Specimens foe Sotik and the Southern Guaso Nyiro do not differ 
appreciably from specimens collected around Lake Naivasha. Mr. 
Dollman has recorded naivashe from Lemek Valley. 

No example from this large series approaches in size the type of 
Tachyoryctes annectens (Thomas).2 No definite type locality for 
annectens has ever been fixed so far as I can discover. In the original 
diagnosis the habitat is given as ‘‘either Masai-land or inland British 
East Africa.” Specimens accompanying the type were labelled as 
collected at Mianzini, just east of Lake Naivasha, and this place has 
evidently been considered the type region by Thomas in later sub- 
division of the genus,’ but I do not find that any later specimens 
have been referred to annectens. In all the United States National 
Museum collection of Tachyoryctes the only specimens which approach 
im size the type of annectens are the larger males of 7. rex from 
Mount Kenia. There is an extraordinary difference in size of skulls 





1 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1914, p. 317. June, 1914. 

2 Rhizomys annectens Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 7, p. 304, March, 1891; Proce. Zool. 
Soc. London, 1891, p. 186. 

3 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 547. December, 1909. 


44 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


between sexes in 7. naivashe, but the largest males fall far short of 
the dimensions given for the type skull of annectens. 

Skins of females from Naivasha Station average darker than females 
from the south end of Lake Naivasha. Only one blackish skin is 
present in the large series of naivashe examined; the color is very 
uniform throughout the lot, except for the usual sexual difference, 
females averaging noticeably darker than males. 

Loring furnished the following notes on this species for African 
Game Trails: ' 


Some 15 miles west of Lake Naivasha mole rats became com mon, and on the sandy 
flats within 5 miles of the lake they were so abundant that our horses broke into 
their runways nearly every step. Their underground tunnels and the mounds of 
earth that were thrown out were similar to those made by the pocket gophers of the 
western United States. Many were snared by the porters and brought to camp alive. 
They would crawl about slowly, not attempting to run away, but looking for a hole 

o enter. After the lapse of a few seconds they would begin to dig. In any slight 
depression they began work, and when small roots of a tussock of grass intervened, 
they used their teeth until the obstruction was removed, and then with the nails of 
their front feet only, continued digging. As the hole deepened they threw the dirt 
out between their hind legs and with them still further beyond. After the earth 
had accumulated so that it drifted back they faced about, and using their chest as a 
scoop, pushed it entirely out of the way. They were most active in the evening, 
at night, and in early morning. Several were found dead near their holes, having 
evidently been killed by owls or small carnivorous mammals. 


TACHYORYCTES IBEANUS Thomas, 


1900. Tachyoryctes splendens ibeanus TaHomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, 
p. 179. June 1. (Machakos, British East Africa; type in British 
Museum.) 

1910. Tachyoryctes splendens ibeanus Rooseve.t, African Game Trails, Amer. 
ed., pp. 478, 479; London ed., pp. 485, 490. 

Specimens.—F¥ifty-five, as follows: 

British East ArricaA: Kyambu, 3 native skins (Loring); Nairobi, 
52, including 13 in alcohol (Mearns, Loring.) 

This species shows the maximum difference in color between adult 
males and females; the females are very much darker. Several skins 
have large, irregular white blotches on the underparts. Very young 
specimens are usually entirely black. 


TACHYORYCTES D4&MON Thomas. 
1892. Rhizomys splendens TRUE, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 464. (Not of 
Riippell.) f 
1909. Tachyoryctes demon Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 545. 
December. (Mount Kilimanjaro, East Africa, 5,000 feet; type in British 
Museum. ) 
Specimens.—Seven, as follows: 
GerMaAN East Arrica: Marangu, Mount Kilimanjaro, 6 (Abbott); 
Mount Kilimanjaro, 5,000 feet, 1 (Abbott). 


1 Roosevelt, African Game Trails, Appendix C, p. 485. 1910. 


45 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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48 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


TACHYORYCTES ANKOLLZ Thomas. 


1909. Tachyoryctes ankolie THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 
545. December. (Burumba, Ankole, southern Uganda; type in British 
Museum.) 

Specimens.—Two, as follows: 
Uaanpa: Burumba, Ankole (Doggett). 


Family MURID2. 
Genus DENDROMUS Smith. 


1829. Dendromus SmirH, Zool. Journ., vol. 4, p. 438. (D. mesomelas.) 

1832. Dendromys Smuts, Diss. Zool., Mamm. Cap., p. 39. 

1916. Poemys Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 18, p. 238. August. 
(D. melanotis.) [Valid as a subgenus. ] 

Of the 10 species and subspecies of tree mice of this genus listed 
below, all belong to the typical subgenus Dendromus as restricted by 
Thomas except the black-fronted forms, nigrifrons and spectabilis. 
These last two are members of the subgenus Poemys, characterized 
by the presence of a nail, instead of a claw, on the fifth hind toe. 

For measurements of specimens of Dendromus see table, pages 
51-53. 

DENDROMUS INSIGNIS INSIGNIS Thomas. 
1903. Dendromys insignis THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 12, p. 
341. September. (Nandi, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 
1910. Dendromys insignis Roosrtvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 472, 
477; London ed., pp. 484, 489. (Part.) 

Specimens.—Sixty-one, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, east base and west 
base, 2 (Heller); Engare Narok River, 1 (Loring); Kaimosi, 50, 
including 23 in alcohol (Heller); Lake Naivasha, 1 (Loring); Lukosa 
River, 1 in alcohol (Heller); Naivasha Station, 1 (Loring); Nyeri, I 
(Loring); Ravine Boma, 3, including 2 in alcohol, (Heller); Wambugu, 
1 (Loring). 

Specimens of Dendromus insignis from Naivasha, the Aberdare 
Mountains, Nyeri, and Wambugu differ from typical specimens from 
the direct Nyanza drainage in their duller color, thus approaching in 
that respect skins of D. 7. percivali. They retain, however, the nar- 
row braincase of true insignis and seem best placed with that form. 
The series from Kaimosi, which is not far from the type locality, 
shows that the form averages quite bright and reddish in color, 
although there is considerable individual variation in this respect. 
The younger examples are much less reddish than skins of old 
adults. 

Although belonging to the genus of tree mice, this large Dendromys lives on the 


ground, seemingly builds no nest, and is most often found in the runways of the 
Otomys. (African Game Trails, p. 477.) 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 49 


DENDROMUS INSIGNIS PERCIVALI Heller, 
Plate 16. 


1912. Dendromus mesomelas percivali HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, 
No. 16, p. 5. July 5. (Mount Gargues, Mathews Range, British East 
Africa; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

1914. Dendromus sp. CocKERELL, Minter, and Printz, Zool. Anz., vol. 44, p. 
439. June 23. 

Specimens.—Highty-cight, from the following localities: 

Brrrisu East Arrica: Mount Gargues, 3 (Percival); Mount Kenia, 
west side, 77, including 12 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns); West Kenia 
Forest Station, 8 (Loring). 

This subspecies of the larger striped Dendremus is abundant on the 
Northern Guaso Nyiro drainage of Mount Kenia. I can find no 
reason for separating the Kenia specimens from the small series of 
skins and skulls collected in the Mathews Range. They differ from 
typical insignis in the darker, less reddish coloration, longer fur, 
larger ears, and in the slightly larger braincase. The difference in 
color of the Kenia form was noted by Doctor Linnberg in 1912.* 

Young female skins from Mount Gargues have somewhat blacker 
ears than any specimen from Kenia, but the ears of adult skins from 
the two localities are alike in color and I believe the difference shown 
by the young to be a matter of pelage. Much better series from 
Mount Gargues are needed. 

The specimens from Gargues were collected at altitudes from 6,500 
to 7,100 feet. On Kenia, Loring and Mearns trapped this species at 
numerous collecting stations ranging in altitude from 7,500 feet up 
to 14,200 feet. 

DENDROMUS WHYTEI PALLESCENS Osgood. 

1910. Dendromus whytei pallescens Osaoop, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. ser., vol. 
10, No. 2, p.7. February. (Ulukenia Hills, British East Africa; type 
in Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago.) 

1910. Dendromus whytet palicneens Roosey ae African Game Trails, Amer. ed., 
p. 472; London ed., p. 484. 

Specimens.—Three, from the following localities: 

Britisa East Arrica: Fort Hall, 2, including 1 odd skull (Loring) ; 
West Kenia Forest Station, 1 in alcohol (Loring). 


DENDROMUS WHYTEI CAPITIS Heller. 
Plate 16. 
1912. Dendromus whytei capitis Hatter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, 
p. 6, July 5. (Mount Lololokwi, British East Africa; type in U. S. 
Nat. Mus.) 
Specimen.—One, as follows: 
Britis East Arrica: Mount Lololokwi, 6,000 feet altitude, the 
type (Heller). 


1 Kungl. Svenska Vet. Akad., vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 90, 91. 1912. 





50 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


DENDROMUS RUDDI Wroughton. 
1910. Dendromus ruddi Wroucuton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 5, 
p. 275. March. (Malikisi, Mount Elgon, British East Africa; type in 

British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Thirty-four, from the following localities: 

Lapo: Rhino Camp, 1 (Loring). 

Uceanpa: Gondokoro, 1 (Loring); Kajuia, 1 (Loring). 

Britisu East Arrica: Kaimosi, 31 (Heller, Turner). 

The specimen from Rhino Camp is duller in color and has slightly 
shorter pelage than skins from Kaimosi, but is otherwise indistin- 
guishable from them. The single specimen from Gondokoro is 
immature, but is like young of same age in the Kaimosi series. The 
Kajuia (near Hoima) specimen is typical ruddi. These three speci- 
mens were included by Heller with his Dendromus lineatus' and 
account in a great measure for the great variation in the distinctness 
of the black median dorsal stripe which he attributes to that form. 


DENDROMUS OCHROPUS Osgood. 
1910. Dendromus ochropus Oseoop, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. ser., vol. 10, 
No. 2, p.6. February. (Lake Elmenteita, British East Africa; type in 
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago.) 


Specimens.—Six, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Naivasha Station (Loring). 

Loring notes five embryos in a female captured on July 30 at 
Naivasha. 

A species related to Dendromus ochropus has been described from 
Nairobi by Osgood as Dendromus nairobz.? It is not represented in 


our collection. 
DENDROMUS ACR2XUS Wroughton. 


1909. Dendromus acreus WrouauTon, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, 
p. 541. December. (Kirui, Elgon, British East Africa; type in British 
Museum.) 

Specimens.—Sixty-one, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, west slope at 9,100 
feet, 1 in alcohol (Heller); Kaimosi, 58, including 38 in alcohol 
(Heller); Sirgoit Lake, 2, including 1 in alcohol (Heller) 

A female collected at Kaimosi, January 27, contained three 


embryos. 
DENDROMUS LINEATUS Heller. 


Plate 16. 


1911. Dendromus lineatus HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 4. 
February 28. (Rhino Camp, Lado; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 


Specimens.—Nineteen, including 6 in alcohol, as follows: 
Lavo: Rhino Camp (Loring). 


1 Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, pp. 4, 5. Feb. 28, 1911. 
2 Field Mus., Zool. ser., vol. 10, No. 2, p. 7. February, 1910. 


51 


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54 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The specimens recorded from Gondokoro and Hoima!? by Heller 
at the time of the description of this species have now been referred 
to Dendromus ruddi Wroughton. One of the Rhino Camp specimens 
proves to belong with the same species. This removes from the 
series all the specimens with the dorsal stripe obsolete, but there is 
still considerable variation in the distinctness of this stripe in lineatus 
although most of the adult specimens have it well pronounced. 

The three forms of this little group of tree mice, ochropus, acreus, 
and lineatus, are closely related and are probably intergrading 
subspecies. The most southern of the three, ochropus, is the largest, 
with largest skull and teeth; acrzus is medium sized and intermediate 
in color of the underparts as well as in distribution; lineatus is the 
smallest. For detailed measurements of specimens see page 53. 


DENDROMUS NIGRIFRONS NIGRIFRONS True. 
Plate 17. 


1892. Dendromys nigrifrons TruE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 462. October 
26. (Mount Kilimanjaro, German East Africa; type in U. 8. Nat. Mus.) 

1909. Dendromys nigrifrons LyoN AND OsGoop, Bull. 62, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., p. 
158. January 28. 

1910. ?Dendromys nigrofrons RoosEvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 477; 
London ed., pp. 488, 489. 





Specimens.—Six, from localities as follows: 

British Hast Arrica: Kijabe, 1 (Loring). 

GeRMAN East Arrica: Mount Kilimanjaro, 5, including 2 in 
alcohol (Abbott). 

The three skins from Kilimanjaro were collected at 5,000 feet. The 
type is in alcohol, with skull removed. It is uncertain to which 
form of Dendromus the interesting notes published by Colonel Roose- 
velt at the above reference pertain, as no specimens of the genus were 
preserved by members of the expedition from Athi Plains or from the 
Sotik, the two localities mentioned. 

‘DENDROMUS NIGRIFRONS SPECTABILIS Heller. 
Plate 17. 
1911. Dendromus spectabilis Heiter; Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, 
p. 3. February 28. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave; type in U. S8. 
Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Fourteen, from the following localities: 

Lavo: Rhino Camp, 13, including 4 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns). 

UaGanpa: Butiaba, 1 (Heller). 

This form is very much like typical nigrifrons, but has the under- 
parts less buffy. I can see no difference in the color of the feet in 
the two forms. 


1 The specimen is labeled ‘‘ Kajuia.”” 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 55 


Genus STEATOMYS Peters. 


1846. Steatomys Peters, Ber. Kénigl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 258. (S. 
pratensis.) 


The fat mouse is rare in British East Africa if one can judge its 
abundance from the number of specimens which have been recorded 
in print. The Smithsonian African Expedition procured the only 
specimens in our collection, and these are few in number. 


STEATOMYS ATHI Heller. 
Plate 17. 


1910. Steatomys athi HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 54 (No. 1924), p. 3. 
February 28. (Ulukenia Hills, Athi Plains, British East Africa; type in 
U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

1910. Steatomys aithi Rooseve tt, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 472; London 
ed., p. 484. 


Specimens.—Four, including one in alcohol, as follows: 
Britisu Kast Arrica: Ulukenia Hills (Loring). 


Genus ZELOTOMYS Osgood. 


1910. Zelotomys Osaoop, Field Mus. Pub. Zool., vol. 10, No. 2, p.7. February. 
(Z. hildegardex.) 


The two subspecies of this ‘‘broad-headed”’ mouse listed below 
are closely related, and their distinctness can not be considered as 
certain until more material is studied. In the origmal diagnosis of 
the genus, Mr. Osgood erroneously stated that the molars are more 
hypsodont than in “‘ Mus’? (Rattus); as a matter of fact they are 
even lower crowned. Mr. Thomas has already corrected the mammary 
formula to 3-210." 

For measurements of specimens see page 56. 

ZELOTOMYS HILDEGARDEA! HILDEGARDEZ (Thomas). 
1902. Mus hildegardex Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 9, p. 219. 
March. (Machakos, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 
1910. Zelotomys hildegardex Osaoop, Field Mus. Pub. Zool., vol. 10, No. 2, p. 7. 
February. 


1910. Zelotomys hildegarde Roosevett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 
473, 478; London ed., pp. 485, 489. 


Specumens.—Two, as follows: 
British East Arrica: Juja Farm, 1 (Loring); Kapiti Plains, 1 
(Loring). 
ZELOTOMYS HILDEGARDE VINACEUS Heller. 
Plate 18. 
1912. Zelotomys hildegardx (sic) vinaceus Heiter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 


59, No. 16, p. 10. July 5. (Ndi, Mount Mbololo, Taita Hills, British 
East Africa; type in U. S. Nat. Mus.) 


1 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 16, p. 481. December, 1915. 
64952—19—-Bull. 99, pt 2 a 





BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


56 





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EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 57 


Specimens.—Four, from localities as follows: 

Britiso East Arrica: Mount Sagalla, 1 (Heller); “Mount Umengo, 
1 (Heller); Ndi, 2 (Heller). 

The female éollectad on Mount Sagalla, November 19, contained 
seven large embryos. Several statements in the original account of 
this form need correction. The skins are distinctly darker, not 
lighter, in dorsal coloration than skins of true hildegardex; the 
under parts are not more “‘whitish;” the mesopterygoid fossa is 
distinctly wider, not narrower, in three out of four of the skulls, 
than in our two skulls of hildegardex; the tail is hardly ‘‘ quite hair- 
less,” but is well clothed with light colored hairs longer than the 
width of two scale rows. The three paratypes do not agree closely 
with the type in color or skull characters. There is such an extra- 
ordinary amount of individual variation among the specimens that 
I have rather doubted their conspecific identity. This is especially 
true of the skulls, where the variation in size, breadth of rostrum, 
and other minor characters is unusual. It would be interesting to 
study a large series of these mammals from some one locality. 


Genus THAMNOMYS Thomas. 


1907. Thamnomys Tuomas, Ann and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, p. 121. 
January. (7. venustus.) 

1915. Grammomys Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 16, p. 150. 
August. (7. dolichurus.) 

All the forms of Thamnomys included in our East African collec- 
tions belong to that section of the genus which has been named 
Grammomys by Thomas. The characters on which the genus Gram- 
momys is based! seem altogether too slight for even subgeneric recog- 
nition. 

For measurements of specimens of Thamnomys see pages 59-61. 

THAMNOMYS SURDASTER SURDASTER Thomas and Wroughton. 


1892. Mus arborarius TRuE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 459. (Not of 
Peters. )? 

1908. Thamnomys surdaster THOMAS AND WrovuGHTON, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 
1908, p. 550. (Zomba, British Central Africa; type in British Museum.) 


Specimens.—Three, as follows: 

GeRMAN East Arrica: Mount Kilimanjaro (Abbott). 

No specimens of typical surdaster are in the National Museum col- 
lection, but Mr. Thomas has referred the Kilimanjaro form to this 
species* and remarks that it agrees in color with examples from 
Nyasa. 








1 “Like ae but w ith the Picton tere or ‘z’ cusp of the first ane rd molars reduced 
to a mere connecting ridge running from the rer cusp of the median lamina to the hinder point of the 
tooth.’’—Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 16, p. 150. August, 1915. 

2 Regarding the identification of Mus ais "Peters, see Thomas and Wroughton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 
London,-1908, p..548. 

3 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 16, p. 314. September, 1910. 


58 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


THAMNOMYS SURDASTER POLIONOPS Osgood. 


1910. Thamnomys surdaster polionops Oscoon, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Pub. Zool., 
vol. 10, No. 2, p. 8. February. (Ulukenia Hills, British East Africa; 
type in Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicgao.) 

1910. Thamnomys surdaster polionops RoosEvett, African Game Trails, Amer. 
ed., pp. 473, 478; London ed., pp. 485, 489. 


Specimens.—Seventy-two, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Engare Narok River, 4 (Loring); Kamiti 
Farm, Athi Plains, 2 (Loring); Kapiti Plains, 3 (Loring); Kitanga, 
2 (Mearns); Mount Mbololo, 48, including 21 in alcohol (Heller); 
Mount Umengo, 8 (Heller); Oljoro O Nyon River, 2 (Loring, Heller) ; 
Oni, 1 (Loring); Wambugu, 2 (Loring). 

Specimens from the Taita Hills (Umengo and Mbololo) appear 
to be somewhat intermediate between typical polionops and the 
Kilimanjaro form which has been referred to surdaster, but they are 
clearly nearest to polionops and are best placed with that subspecies. 
The cheeks and sides are considerably less richly colored than in 
the Kilimanjaro specimens. Specimens from the Mau Escarpment 
(heads of Oljoro O Nyon and Engare Narok Rivers) are inseparable 
from examples of typical polionops. The Athi Plains skins have 
longer tails than usual, but are otherwise typical. | 

Heller found three embryos each in females collected at Mount 
Mbololo, November 5; and Mount Umengo, November 13. Half- 
grown young were taken at the same dates. Loring caught speci- 
mens of this commonly arboreal rat ‘‘in grass and under rocks in 
center of prairie land three miles from water.’”’ Heller notes trapping 
it both in trees and on the ground. 


THAMNOMYS SURDASTER LITTORALIS Heller. 
Plate 18. 


1912. Thamnomys dolichurus littoralis HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, 
No. 16, p. 10. July 5. (Mazeras, British East Africa; type in U. S. 
Nat. Mus.) 
Specimens.—Two, as follows: 
British East Arrica: Mazeras (Heller). 
This race differs conspicuously from 7. s. polionops by its almost 
pure white feet. 
THAMNOMYS IBEANUS IBEANUS Osgood. 
1910. Thamnomys ibeanus Osaoonp, Field Mus. Zool. ser., vol. 10, No. 2, p. 8. 
February. (Molo, British East Africa; type in Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 
Chicago.) 
1914. Thamnomys sp. COCKERELL, MILLER, and Printz, Zool. Anz., vol. 44, 
p. 439; fig. 10, p. 440. June. 
Specimens.—Twenty, from localities as follows: 
British Kast Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, 1 (Heller); Burgunett 
River, Meru Road, 1 (Heller); Kabalolot Hill, 4 (Heller); Nai- 
vasha, 13 (Loring); Sirgoit Lake, 1 in alcohol (Heller). 


59 


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62 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Specimens from the Sotik (Kabalolot Hill) although rather imma- 
ture, are distinctly this species and not 7. surdaster polionops, which 
occurs in the Mau Escarpment. The Sirgoit Lake specimen may 
possibly represent one of the forms described from Mount Elgon ! 
which are not otherwise represented in our collection, but the speci- 
men is preserved in alcohol and is not distinguishable from skins of 
ibeanus. This form evidently blends into Thamnomys ibeanus lutosus 
in the Northern Guaso Nyiro country, and specimens from this region 
are not easily placed. There are no specimens in our collection 
which approach in size the type skull of Thamnomys gigas Dollman, 
from Kenia. In describing this species Dollman, as usual, gives no 
clew to the age of the animal beyond the fact that it is ‘‘adult.” 
This may mean anything beyond the condition when the last molar 
has erupted up to extreme senility, during which period the skull 
of any murine grows enormously. If the type skull of ‘‘gigas” is an 
old individual, with much worn teeth, I should suspect the name to be 
a synonym of ibeanus. 


THAMNOMYS IBEANUS LUTOSUS Dollman. 
1911. Thamnomys surdaster lutosus Dotuman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 8, p. 657. November. (Mount Nyiro, British East Africa; type in 

British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Twenty-two, from the following localities: 

Britiso East AFRICA: Teiols River, 1 in alcohol (Heller); Mount 
Gargues, 16 (Heller); Ngare Ndare River, 4 (Heller); Northern 
Guaso Nyiro, 1 in alcohol (Heller). 

Heller found three large embryos each in females collected at 
Mount Gargues, August 23 and September 1. 


THAMNOMYS DISCOLOR Thomas. 
1910. Thamnomys discolor THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 5, p. 
283. March. (Kakumega Forest, Kisumu, British East Africa; type 

in British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Sixty-three, from localities as follows: 

Ucanpa: Kampala, 1 (Loring). 

British East Arrica: Kaimosi, 62, meluding 17 in alcohol 
(Heller, Turner). 

As usual in this genus, there is considerable variation in color 
among the skins of “this series. The presence or absence of dark 
whisker marks and light supraorbital spots is a matter of individual 
variation. The type-specimen is described by Thomas as lacking 
both. 

Heller records three embryos from a female collected at Kaimosi, 
February 1. 


1 “a irhasaninags ee nea mins, Ann. on Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 5, p. 282, March, 1910; 
Thamnomys surdaster insignis Dollman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, p. 528. May, 1911. 


- EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63 


THAMNOMYS MACMILLANI GAZELL Thomas. 
1910. Thamnomys maemillani gazelle Taoomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8. 
vol. 5, p. 282. March. (Chak-Chak, Bahr-el-Ghazal, Sudan; type in 
British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Ten, as follows: 

Lapo: Rhino Camp, 8, including 1 in alcohol (Loring, Heller). 

Ueanpa: Lialo, 1 (Loring); Nkyanuna, 1 (Loring). 

THAMNOMYS MACMILLANI OBLITUS Osgood. 
1910. Thamnomys oblitus Oscoonp, Field Mus. Zool. ser., vol. 10, No. 3, p. 16, 
April 7. (Voi, British East Africa; type in Field Mus. Nat. Hist.) 

Specimen.—One, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Summit of Mount Sagalla, Taita Hills 
(Heller). 

The type-specimen of Thamnomys ochraceus G. M. Allen? from the 
Meru River, north of Mount Kenia, is almost intermediate in colora- 
tion between our Lado skins of 7’. macmillani gazelle and this Sagalla 
skin of oblitus. It is distinguished from gazelle by its slightly paler 
coloration and uniformly colored upperparts (lacking the decidedly 
grayish head and shoulders of gazellz) and from obliius by its:slightly 
darker, less bright ochraceous, dorsal coloration and larger hind foot, 
The three forms are closely related and doubtless intergrade. 

Our specimen of oblitus almost exactly matches the type, which 
has been lent me by the Field Museum of Natural History. The 
species must be rare or difficult to collect, for on Heller’s two visits 
to the Taita Hills he has captured only these two individuals, while 
at the same time large series of the commoner polionops were obtained. 


Genus C@@ENOMYS Thomas. 


1904. @nomys Tuomas, Ann and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 13, p. 416. June. 
(He. hypoxanthus.) 

The recognized forms of the rusty-nosed rats included in this 
genus are not well distinguished. It is clear from an examination 
of even our small series that almost all of the characters which have 
been assigned to various subspecies are merely individual variations, 
or differences in the color and skull due to age. I can distinguish 
three rather poorly marked forms in our collection from British East 
Africa, but would not be at all surprised if some of these eventually 
could not be maintained. 

For measurements of specimens see page 65. 





1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 54, p. 442. April, 1912. The type has been lent me by the Musoum of 
Comparative Zoology through the kindness of Mr. Samuel Henshaw. 


64 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


CENOMYS BACCHANTE BACCHANTE (Thomas). 


1903. Mus hypoxanthus bacchante THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 
vol. 12, p. 342. September. (Nandi, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 

1910. G[nomys] bacchante THomMas AND WrovuGutTon, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 
vol. 19, p. 510. March. 

1910. Gnomys hyporanthus bacchante Roosevett, African Game Trails, Amer. 
ed., pp. 473, 478; London ed., pp. 485, 490. 


Specimens.—Ten, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, 4 (Heller); Mount 
Kenia, west side, 4 (Loring); Upper Nzoia River, Guas Ngishu 
Plateau, 1 (Heller); Wambugu, 1 (Loring). 

Thomas has named a form of Z’nomys from the Aberdares (@. oris) 
and one from Mount Kenia (@. bacchante moerens).1. I can find no 
specimens in our collection from these localities which differ appre- 
ciably from the Nzoia River bacchante or resemble the animals 
described. 

I assume that the type locality of bacchante is the old Nandi Station, 
some distance northeast of the new Nandi, and near the edge of the 
Nandi.Escarpment. This is probably about the western limit of 
distribution of this dark race, which apparently gives way only a 
slight distance to the westward to the brighter, yellow-rumped form 
of Uganda and the immediate vicinity of Kavirondo Gulf. 

The form of the antorbital plate has been commonly used as a 
distinguishing character for species and subspecies of G@nomys, and 
is used by Thomas and Wroughton in their key. While there 
may be slight average difference between specimens of exactly 
comparable age of different subspecies, still the change in the shape 
of this plate in @nomys with the development of the masseter muscle 
is frequently so great that the character is of no practical value in 
separating forms. 

Loring collected this species up to 10,700 feet on Mount Kenia 
and Heller trapped specimens on the summit of the Aberdares at 
11,000 feet. 

CZNOMYS BACCHANTE EDITUS Thomas and Wroughton. 
1910. Gnomys bacchante editus THOMAS AND WrovucuHtTon, Trans. Zool. Soc. 
London, vol. 19, p. 509. March. (Mubuku Valley, East Ruwenzori, 
Uganda; type in British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Twenty-seven, as follows: 

Britis East Arrica: Kaimosi, 26, including 4 in alcohol (Heller) ; 
Yala River, 1 (Heller). 

The specimens in this series differ from skins of O. bacchante 
bacchante in their paler general coloration and much brighter, more 
ochraceous, rumps and lower backs. 


1 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, pp. 379-381. April, 1911. 


65 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 











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66 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The Ruwenzori editus has never been satisfactorily separated from 
a subspecies of bacchante described by Thomas from the Victoria 
Nile (@. bacchante unyori) in 1903. With a knowledge of the varia- 
tions within species of this genus due to age or individual peculiarities, - 
the two forms, from the descriptions only, seem very much alike. It 
is possible that this Kavirondo form should be called Gnomys 
bacchante unyori. 

There is much variation within the Kaimosi series. The feet are 
especially variable in color, ranging from light buff, through deep 
ochraceous, to almost blackish. The amount of deep buff or pinkish 
buff bordering the lighter underparts is also exceedingly variable, 
as is the amount of ochraceous in the lower back and the general 
brightness of the pelage. 


(ENOMYS BACCHANTE VALLICOLA Heller. 
Plate 19. 


1914. Oenomys hypoxanthus vallicola Herter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 63, 
No. 7, p. 11. June 24. (Lake Naivasha, British East Africa; type in 
U.S. Nat. Mus.) 


Specimens.—Four, as follows: 

British Past Arrica: Lake Naivasha, 2 (Loring); Naivasha 
Station, 2 (Loring). 

This is a very slightly marked form scarcely separable from the 
Kavirondo subspecies which I have called editus. Much larger 
series from the type region will be necessary satisfactorily to settle 
its status. The two adult specimens are extreme in brightness of 
the rump and lower back and the two younger skins are lighter 
colored than the few young of about the same age in the series of 
editus. There appear to be no satisfactory characters by which the 
skulls may be separated. 


Genus RATTUS Fischer. 


1803. Ruitus (misprint for Rattus) Fiscner, Nationalmus. Naturg. Paris, vol. 2, 
p. 128. (R. norvegicus.)' 

1827. Rattus Donovan, Nat. Repos., vol. 3, pl. 73, text p. 1 (1834). (R. rattus.)? 

1881. Epimys Trovessart, Bull. Soc. Angers, vol. 10, p. 117. (R. rattus.)% 

1915. AHthomys Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 16, p. 477. 
December. (f. kaiseri hindei.) 

1915. Praomys Tromas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 16, p. 477. 
December. (i. tullbergi.) 

1915. Afyomys Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 16, p. 477. 
December. (f. colonus.) 





1 For discussion of type-species of Rattus Fischer see Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 29, 
p. 126, June 6, 1916; Thomas, Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. &, vol. 18, p. 240, August, 1916; and Hollister, 
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 29, pp. 206-207, Sept. 22, 1916. 

2 For note on type-species of Rattus [ onovan see Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 29, p.126, 
June 6, 1916. 

3 For note on type-species of Epimys Trouessart see Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 23, pp. 
57-60, April 19, 1910. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 67 


1915. Masiomys Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 16, p. 477. 
December. (R. eee) 

1916. Ratlus Uouuister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 29, p. 126. June 6. 
~ The typical rats (Genus /atius) of the African continent have been 
separated into five subgenera by Thomas in a recent paper.’ As 
stated by Thomas, the detailed characters of these groups will need 
much further study, but he has presented a key based entirely on 
mammary formule by which his named subgenera may be distin- 
guished if one possesses breeding female examples. From a study 
of the skulls and teeth of the rats of eastern Africa it is evident that 
these groups are of unequal value, though all will doubtless provo 
valid superspecific groups in the final revision. It is indeed probable 
that the number of subgenera should be increased rather than 
reduced. According to the arrangement of Thomas, the species 
listed in this paper apparently fall into the following subgenera: 

Rattus s. s.—Rattus raitus kiyjabius (Allen). 

Rattus nigricauda loringy (Heller). 

A: thomys.—Rattus kaiseri helleri Hollister. 

Rattus kaisert medicatus (Wroughton). 
Rattus kaiseri nore (Wroughton). 
Rattus kaiseri turneri (Heller). 
Rattus kaisert hinder (Thomas). 
Rattus kawserr manteufeli (Matschie). 
Rattus chrysophilus voi (Osgood). 
Praomys.—Rattus tullbergi jacksoni (de Winton). 
Rattus tullbergi peromyscus (Heller). 
Rattus dennix (Thomas). 
Ratius taitze (Heller). 
Rattus stella kaimose (Heller). 

Myomys.—Rattus fumatus fumatus (Peters). 

Rattus fumatus subfuscus (Osgood). 

Rattus tana (True). 

Mastomys.—Rattus coucha ismailiz (Heller). 

Rattus coucha ugandz (de Winton). 
Ratius coucha tinctus Hollister. 
Rattus coucha neumani (Heller). 
Rattus coucha panya (Heller). 
Rattus coucha hildebrandtii (Peters). 
Rattus coucha durume (Heller). 

The typical subgenus Rattus should probably be dropped from 
the East African list. The first species, Ratius rattus kiyjabius, would 
be better placed in a subgenus Epimys; and the proper allocation of 
Rattus mgriauda loring? is uncertain. 


1 Ann. and Mag. Nat. oe ser. 8, vor 16, p. 43 477. eee 1915. 





68 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


RATTUS RATTUS KIJABIUS (Allen). 
1909. Mus kijabius ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 36, p. 169. March 
19. (Kijabe, British East Africa; type in Amer. Mus., New York.) 
1911. Mus (Epimys?) muansze Marscute, Sitz.-ber. Ges, nat. Freunde Berlin, 
1911, p. 340. October. (Muansa, German East Africa; type in Ber- 
lin Mus.) 
1916. Epimys jujensis LONNBERG, Arkiv fér Zool., vol. 10, No. 12, p. 10. May. 
(Juja Farm, British East Africa; type in R. Nat. Hist. Mus., Stockholm.) 

Specimens.—Fifty-nine, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Changamwe, 17, including 3 in alcohol 
(Mearns) ; Juja Farm, 7 (Loring, Mearns) ; Kapiti Plains, 11 (Loring) ; 
Mazeras, 13 (Heller) ; Mount Mbololo, 1 (Heller) ; Nairobi, 8, including 
2 in alcohol (Mearns); Ulukenia Hills, 2 (Loring). 

This rat has frequently been recorded from East Africa under the 
name Epimys (or Mus) rattus. Its origin is uncertain, but from 
the fact that it is found only along the railroad or about the older 
settlements and highways of trade, it may safely be assumed that 
the animal was introduced by man. No specimen in the museum 
series is typical of true rattus of northern Europe or of the sub- 
species alexandrinus of the Mediterranean shores of Europe and 
northern Africa. All are to a certain extent intermediate in color 
between these two forms and resemble very closely the known 
hybrids or crosses of rattus and alerandrinus frequently found in the 
southern United States. The series as a whole is very uniform in 
color and there is little variation in the shade of the underparts or 
feet. The color is about that described by Bonhote? for his “typical 
alerandrinus,”’ which is clearly not the alecandrinus of Geoffroy. 

This East African form of rattus, whatever its origi, has appar- 
ently had four distinctive names based upon it, kijabius Allen, 1909; 
muanse Matschie, 1911; rattiformis Matschie, 1915;? and jujensis 
Lénnberg, 1916. Inasmuch as the form is certainly not typical of 
either rattus or alexandrinus, it seems best, until a more satisfactory 
solution of the case is worked out, to use for it the first name actually 
given to it in Kast Africa. Doctor Allen has kindly sent me for 
examination the type and three topotypes of his Mus kijabius for 
study in this connection and as they prove to represent the form 
under discussion the name Rattus rattus kijabius may be applied to 
it. The type is a young adult, but has the teeth worn more than 
usual at its age and considerably more than the teeth of the some- 
what larger skull of another specimen in the type series. 

Measurements of the type skull of kijabius (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
27881, male) and of a topotype female, older, but with the teeth less 





1 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1910, p. 655. October. 

3“¢ Mus (Epimys) rattiformis Matschie, Sitz.-ber. Ges. Nat. Freunde, Berlin, 1915, pp. 98-99.”” Type 
locality, Amani, Usambara, German East Africa. I have not seen the description but judge that the 
animal is the East African “‘rattus.”’ 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 69 


worn (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 27882) follow: Condylobasal length, 
30.5, 32.3; breadth of braincase, 15, —; mastoid breadth, 14.2, 
14.4; length of nasals, 11.5, 11.8; interorbital breadth, 5.4, 5.5; 
upper tooth row, alveoli, 6.4, 6.5. Both skulls are so young that 
they would ordinarily be excluded from tables of measurements of 
fully grown individuals. 

One of our specimens from Juja Farm has been submitted to 
Doctor Lénnberg for comparison with the type of Epimys jujensis. 
Doctor Lénnberg writes that these specimens are very similar and 
probably belong to the same species. The Juja Farm specimens 
are unquestionably identical with Allen’s Mus kijabius. 


RATTUS NIGRICAUDA LORINGI (Heller). 
Plate 20. 

1909. Thamnomys loringi HettER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 52, pt. 4, p. 471. 
November 13. (Lake Naivasha, British East Africa; type in U. S. 
Nat. Mus.) , 

1910. Mus loringi Oscoop, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 5, p. 277. 
March. 

1910. Thamnomys loringi Roosrvetr, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 
478; London ed., pp. 485, 490. 

1910. Thamnomus loringt Roosrvetr, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 484; 
London ed., p. 495. 

Specumens.—Twenty-two, from localities as follows: 

Britisn East Arrica: Lake Naivasha, 6 (Loring); Lime Springs, 
Sotik, 7, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); Loita Plains, 1 (Heller); 
Naivasha Station, 7 (Loring); Telek River, Sotik, 1 (Heller). 

Specimens from the Sotik appear to be slightly grayer, less reddish, 
above; and with less clear slate color in the underfur of the lower 
parts than skins from the type region around Naivasha; but the 
difference is hardly sufficient to separate a race, especially as the 
series from the two localities were collected at different seasons. 

Heller notes four embryos in a female from Loita Plains, April 27, 
Labels of two specimens from Lime Springs are marked: ‘Caught 
on limbs of acacia.”” Roosevelt and Heller' have written of these 
masked tree-rats: 

In the Rift Valley; common around Naivasha. Arboreal and nocturnal. Much 
the habits of our neotoma, but do not build large nests. Build nests about 6 inches 
in diameter, made of sticks, placed in the branches of thorn-trees; also in burrows 
near the bottom of the trunks; runways lead from the trees containing the nests to 
the burrows. Trapped on the ground and in traps set in notches of the trees. 


For measurements of specimens see page 70. 





1 Appendix B, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p.478. 1910. 


BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


70 





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EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM, 71 


RATTUS KAISERI HELLERI Hollister. 
Plate 19. 

1914. Epimys kaisert centralis HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 63, No. 7, 
p. 10. June 24. (Rhino Camp, Lado; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

1918. Rattus heller1 Ho.ustER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 31, p. 97. 
June 29. (New name for Epimys kaiseri centralis Heller, 1914, preoccu- 
pied by Mus auricomis centralis Schwann, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1906, 
p: LO7:) 

Specimens.—Forty-eight, from the type locality, as follows: 

Lavo: Rhino Camp, 48, including 5 in alcohol and 2 odd skulls 
(Loring, Heller, Mearns). 

This is a slightly characterized form of the kaiseri group, in color 
very much like Rattus kaiseri nore, of northern British East Africa, 
but averaging slightly smaller, with shorter hind foot and tail, and 
lighter dentition. I have not seen specimens of Rattus kaisert kaisert 
from Marungu. The specimens from Uganda, mentioned by Heller 
in the original description of ‘‘centralis’”’ as somewhat less typical in 
character, I have placed with Rattus kaisert medicatus, as they seem 
to go best with specimens of that subspecies. The Nile is apparently 
the dividing line between the two forms. 

For measurements of specimens of rats of the Rattus kaisert group 
see pages 73-75. 

’ RATTUS KAISER] MEDICATUS (Wroughton). 

1909. Mus medicatus Wrouauton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p.” 
540. December. (Mumias, British East Africa; type in British 
Museum.) 

1918. Rattus medicatus HouustTeR, Bull. 99, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 1, p. 178. 
August 16. 

Specimens.—Twenty-five, from the following localities: 

Ucanpa: Gondokoro, 3, including 1 in alcohol (Loring); Hoima, 
2, including 1 in alcohol (Loring); Kabula Muliro, 4, including 2 
in alcohol (Loring); Kikanda, 2, including 1 in alcohol (Loring); 
Kisingo, 2, including 1 in alcohol (Loring); Lialo, 2, including 1 
in alcohol (Loring); Lombeki River, 1 in alcohol (Loring); Nimule, 
2 (Loring); Nkyanuna, 2, including 1 in alcohol (Loring). 

Britisu East Arrica: Kaimosi, 2, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); 
Kakumega, 1 (Heller); Lukosa River, 1 (Heller); Sirgoit Lake, Guas 
Ngishu Plateau, 1 (Heller). 

This long-tailed, grayish-buff subspecies of kaisert is very like both 
hellert and nore in color, and the boundaries of distribution for the 
three subspecies are difficult to define. The Nile appears to be a 
convenient separating line between medicatus and helleri, as the 
greatest break in dimensions comes at that point. The Uganda 
specimens listed above were all included by Heller with his ‘‘ centralis,” 
but seem best placed with the earlier described medicatus. 


64952—-19—Bull. 99, pt 2——6 


ae BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


RATTUS KAISERI NORAS (Wroughton). 
1909. Mus nore WrovucuTon, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 541. 
December. (Guasa Narok, Northern Guaso Nyiro, British East Africa; 

type in British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Forty-five, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Isiola River, 1 (Heller); Mount Gargues, 
20, including 1 in alcohol and 1 odd skull (Heller); Mount Lololokwi, 
19, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); Northern Guaso Nyiro, 5 (Heller). 

This more northern subspecies of the common Hast African group 
of rats of the subgenus Avihomys is readily distinguished from the 
more southern Rattus kaiseri hindei by its more grayish, less reddish 
coloration and much longer tail. It is colored almost precisely like 
R.k. hellert of Lado, from which it differs in average size alone; and is 
perhaps scarcely separable from R. ¢. medicatus, which it even more 
resembles. 

A female from 6,000 feet on Mount Gargues, August 28, contained 
four small embryos. 

RATTUS KAISERI TURNERI (Heller). 
Plate 21. 


1914. Epimys kaiseri turnerti HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 63. No. 7, 
p. 8. June 24. (Kisumu, British East Africa; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 


Specimens.—Twelve, as follows: 

BritisH East Arrica: Kisumu (Heller). 

Heller states that these specimens were all collected in the papyrus 
beds on the margin of Kavirondo Bay. The form is doubtless con- 
fined to the shore of Victoria Nyanza, the higher country immediately 
back of the lake being occupied by the long-tailed, less richly colored 
medicatus. A female collected January 19 contained 3 embryos. 

This is a rich reddish-tinted race of kaiseri, most resembling 
hindei in general coloration, but darker and with a still shorter tail 
than in that form. 


RATTUS KAISERI HINDEI (Thomas). 
1902. Mus hindei Tomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 9, p.219. March. 
(Machakos, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 
1910. Epimys hindet Roosevett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 477; 
London ed., pp. 485, 489. 
1914. Epimys hindet CocKERELL, MILLER, and Printz, Zool. Anz., vol. 44, p. 436, 
figs. 2, 2a. June. 


Specumens.—Sixty-two, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Changamwe, 6, including 2 in alcohol 
(Mearns); Kapiti Plains, 2 (Loring); Machorra, Taita Hills, 7 (Heller); 
Mariakani, 1 (Heller); Mazeras, 12, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); 
Mount Sagalla, 5, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); Mount Mbololo, 6, 
including 3 in alcohol (Heller); Mount Umengo, 2 (Heller); Mtoto 
Andci, 4, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); Sir Alfred Pease’s Farm, 2, 
including 1 in alcohol (Mearns); Ulukenia Hills, 15, including 1 in 
alcoho] (Loring). 


73 


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76 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Specimens of this rat from near the coast have shorter tails on the 
average than those from the type region, but the difference is not 
sufficient to make it necessary to recognize a separate subspecies. 
For measurements of specimens see page 74. 


RATTUS KAISERI MANTEUFELI (Matschie). 
1911. Mus (Epimys?) manteufeli Matscuie, Sitz.-ber. Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, 
1911, No. 8, p. 341. October. (Muansa, south coast of Victoria Nyanza, 
German East Africa; type in Berlin Museum.) 

Specimens.—Forty-nine, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Engare Narok River, 1 (Loring); Kaba- 
lolot Hill, Sotik, 15, including 2 in alcohol (Heller); Loita Plains, 2 
(Heller); Njoro Osolali, Sotik, 1 (Loring); Southern Guaso Nyiro 
River, 26, including 6 in alcohol (Loring, Heller); Telek River, 4 
(Heller). 

Specimens of the common Masai bush rat from the Southern 
Guaso Nyiro and Sotik are distinctly darker, more brownish and less 
reddish, than skins from east of the Rift valley. A form of this rat 
has been described by Matschie from the southern shores of Speke 
Gulf and it is highly probable that this is the subspecies of the lake 
drainage in the Sotik. I do not at any rate feel that a form from 
so near Matschie’s type locality should be described without actual 
comparison with typical material and I see no reason for not referring 
the Sotik specimens to manteufeli until such time as direct compari- 
sons can be made. The specimens in the collection agree well with 
the description. 

Heller studied the type of Mus manteufeli in the Berlin Museum 
and made the following notes: 

Type A 182.11, Muansa, G. E. A.; in alcohol, skull extracted. Same color and size 
as hindeit. Skull, condylo-incisive length, 36.3; zygomatic breadth, 19; tooth row, 6; 
length of incisive foramen, 8.2; diastema, 10. 

A rat described by Dollman! from the Lemek Valley, between the 
Amala River and the Southern Guaso Nyiro, as Epimys walambe 
amalz, is apparently not represented in our collections. It differs 
conspicuously from the animal I have referred to manteufela by its 
white ventral surface. 


RATTUS CHRYSOPHILUS VOI (Osgood). 


1910. Mus vot Oscoon, Field Mus. Zool. ser., vol. 10, No. 2, p. 11. February. 
(Voi, British East Africa; type in Field Museum of Nat. Hist.) 


Specimens.—Twenty-two, from the following localities: 

British East ArricaA: Mount Mbololo, 1 in alcohol (Heller); 
Mount Sagalla, 7, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); Mtoto Andei, 
1 (Heller); Ndi, 13 (Heller). 


1 Abstract Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1914, p. 25, April 14, 1914. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM, 2 ne 


The specimen from Mtoto Andei appears to extend the known 
range of this rat in British East Africa. [ am not aware of a previous 
record from north of the Taita Hulls. 

According to Mr. Thomas’s classification of the groups of African 
Rattus, this species is a member of the subgenus @thomys, along with 
the forms of Rattus kaiseri listed above. 


RATTUS TULLBERGI JACKSONI (de Winton). 


1897. Mus jacksoni DE Winton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.. ser. 6, vol. 20, p. 318. 
September. (Entebbe, Uganda; type in British Museum.) 

1910. Epimys jacksoni Roosevett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 473; 
London ed., p. 485. 

1914. Epimys tulbergi endorobe Frick, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 9, p. 8, pl. 2. 
June 6. (Not Lpimys endorobe Heller.) 

Specimens.—One hundred and thirteen, from localities as follows: 

Ucanpa: Kabula Muliro, 4 (Loring); Kampala, 3 (Heller); Ki- 
kandwa, 1 (Loring); Kisimbiri, 1 (Loring). 

British East Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, 2 (Heller); Guas 
Ngishu Plateau, 12 and 30 miles north of Ravine, 5 (Heller) ; Kaimosi, 
55, including 16 in alcohol (Heller, Turner); Kakumega, 2 (Heller); 
Kisumu, 2 (Heller); Lukosa River (Yala River), 3, including 1 in 
alcohol (Heller); Mount Kenia, 23, including 22 in alcohol (Heller, 
Loring); Nyuki River, 2 in alcohol (Heller); Ravine, 1 in alcohol 
(Heller); Wambugu, 9 (Loring). 

In the series from Kaimosi are a few puzzling specimens which, 
after some hesitation, I have placed with this species. While the 
skulls of all other specimens listed above agree in presenting a very 
uniform appearance, these few skulls—about a dozen in all—differ 
in having shorter palatine slits, not reaching plane of first molar, 
and in almost complete absence of supraorbital ridges. Otherwise 
they show no distinguishing characters and the skins are absolutely 
inseparable from other skins in the Kaimosi series and from other 
parts of the range of jacksont. 

Heller found a female specimen at Kakumega February 15 with 
3 fetuses; and two at Kaimosi, January 27 and February 3, each with 
four small embryos. 

Many skins of jacksoni are indistinguishable by external characters 
from specimens of true tullbergi from West Africa. 

For measurements of specimens of the subspecies of Rattus tullbergi 


see page 78. 
RATTUS TULLBERGI PEROMYSCUS (Heller). 


Plate 20. 


1909. Mus peromyscus HetteR, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 52, pt. 4, p. 472. 
November 13. (Njoro O Nyiro, Sotik, British East Africa; type in U.S. 
Nat. Mus.) 

1910. Epimys peromyscus RoosEvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 
477, and 484 (part); London ed., pp. 485, 489, and 495 (part). 


BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 79 


Specimens.—Thirteen, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Engare Narok River, 12 (Loring); Njoro 
O Nyiro (Oljoro O Nyon), 1 (Heller). 

This is a slightly marked form. It averages less reddish, more 
dusky, in color than jacksoni, and has larger ears and longer fur. 

RATTUS DENNI (Thomas), 
Plate 21. 

1906. Mus dennix THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 18, p. 144. 
August. (Ruwenzori East, Uganda, altitude 7,000 feet; type in British 
Mus. 

1910. Aus Be THOMAS AND WrovuGHTON. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 19. 
p. 504. March. 

1910. Epimys endorobe HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 9, p. 3. 
July 22. (Western edge of Mau Forest, 25 miles north of Eldoma Ravine, 

‘ British East Africa, altitude 8,600 feet; type in U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

1910. Epimys endorobx Rooseve rt, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 473; 
London ed., p. 485. 

Specumens.—Forty-seven, from the following localities: 

Ucanpba: Ruwenzori East, 1 (Dent). 

British East Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, 2 (Heller); Guas 
Neishu Plateau, 25 and 30 miles north of Eldoma Ravine, 2 (Heller); 
West side of Mount Kenia, 42 (Loring, Mearns, Heller). 

Specimens from British East Africa, representing Heller’s Epimys 
endorobe, do not differ enough from the Ruwenzori form to warrant 
recognition as a separate race. I can find no characters to distin- 
guish our Ruwenzori specimen from many of the skins and skulls 
from Mount Kenia. The dark area between the nose and eye is 
sharply defined in the Ruwenzori skin and faintly indicated on many 
of the Kenia specimens, but the specimens were collected at widely 
different seasons and a few of the British East African skins, including 
the type of endorobz, show the dark area very much as in the Uganda 
skin of denniz. 

For measurements of specimens, see page 80. 

RATTUS TAIT (Heller). 
Plate 21. 
1912. Epimys taite Hever, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, p.9. July 
5. (Mount Mbololo, Taita Hills, British East Africa, 5,000 feet altitude; 
type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Fifty, from the following localities: 

Bririso East Arrica: Mount Mbololo, 41, including 18 in alcohol 
(Heller); Mount Umengo, 9 (Heller). 

These specimens were all trapped in the heavy forests on the 
summits of the mountains. There appear to be no differences 
between skins from the two localities. A female from Mount Mbololo, 
November 5, contained five embryos; and one from Umengo, Novem- 
ber 11, four embryos. 


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82 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Externally this species is very much like Rattus denmz, but the 
skulls of the two forms are very different. Skulls of taite are more 
slender and less angular than those of dennix; they have smaller, 
flatter braincases and more sharply notched antorbital foramina. 

For measurements of specimens see page 80. 


RATTUS STELLA KAIMOS4ZE (Heller). 
Plate 22. 
1912. Epimys alleni kaimose Hetier, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, p. 


7. July 5. (Kaimosi, Kakumega Forest, British East Africa; type in 
U.S. Nat. Mus.) 


Specimens.—Four, as follows: 

Britisu East Arrica: Kaimosi (Heller). 

I have had no specimens of typical Rattus stella’ from the Ituri 
forest for comparison with these skins. 

For measurements of specimens of Ff. s. kaimose see page 81. 


RATTUS FUMATUS FUMATUS (Peters). 
Plate 22. 

1878. Mus fumotus Peters, Mon.-ber, K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, March, 1878, 
p. 200. (Ukamba, British Fast Africa; type in Berlin Mus.) 

1910. Mus niveiventris Oscoop, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. ser., vol. 10, No. 2, 
p. 12. February. (Voi, British East Africa; type in Field Mus. Nat. 
Hist., Chicago.) 

1910. Epimys niveiventris ule HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 9, 
p. 3. July 22. (Ulukenia Hills, British East Africa; type in U. S. 
Nat. Mus.) 

1910. Epimys nieventris ule Roosevett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 
473, 478, 484; London ed., pp. 485, 489, 495. (Part; references to Athi 
Plains.) 


Specimens.—One hundred and ten, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Kapiti Plains, 47, including 9 in alcohol 
(Loring); Mount Gargues, 12, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); Mount 
Mbololo, 1 (Heller); Mount Sagalla, 5 (Heller); Mtoto Andei, 1 
(Heller); Ndi, 11 (Heller); Ulukenia Hills, 27, including 11 in alcohol 
(Loring); Voi, 6 (Heller). 

In British East Africa there are two fairly well-marked subspecies 
of a small rat of the subgenus Myomys, representing Rattus verrozi ” 
of South Africa. These two forms were first distinguished by Osgood 
in 1910 and were named as new, with type-localities in the Taita 
Hills (niveiventris) and at Lake Elmenteita (subfuscus). The two 
subspecies apparently reach their extremes of differentiation at these 
points, and specimens from intermediate localities are less typical 
and show a blending of characters of the two races, chiefly marked by 
the absence or presence of a grayish undercolor to the hairs of the 

1 Epimys stella Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, p. 590. July, 1911. 


2 Mus verrori Smith, South Afr. Quart. Journ., vol. 2, p. 156, 1834 (Epimys or Mus verreauxi of authors). 
Reference verified for me by Oldfield Thomas at the British Museum. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 83 


otherwise white underparts. A subspecies, geographically inter- 
mediate, but most closely resembling the Taita Hills form, was 
named by Heller from the Ulukenia Hills (ulx). The identity of 
this rock rat with the Mus fumatus of Peters was naturally unsus- 
pected, but when Heller examined the types of East African mammals 
in Berlin he discovered that the type of fumatus is a young example 
of the East African form of verroxi, the niveiventris of Osgood. His 
manuscript notes on this type-specimen are as follows: 

Mus fumatius Peters. Type No. 5277 Berlin Mus. Skin mounted. Skull with 
occipital part and floor of braincase lost. Very young; last molar just erupted. Lo- 
cality Ukamba (probably Kitui). Hind foot, dry, from specimen, 20. Ears and all 
of tail except basal 2 inches lost. Color peculiar broccoli brown, belly and feet pure 
white. Interorbital region rounded, not beaded. Upper molars, 5; diastema, 5.7; 
nasals, 9.5 by 3; interorbital breadth, 3.7; condylo-incisive length of mandible, 16. 


In the original description of fumatus, Peters gave the length of 
tail as SO and the color of the underparts as ‘‘grauweiss.” The 
immaturity of the specimen would account for both these differences 
from adult specimens of the East African representative of Rattus 
verrori, but Heller has noted the belly of the type as ‘‘pure white.” 

I can not find characters by which to recognize three forms of 
this species in British Fast Africa, and although Ukamba specimens 
are somewhat intermediate in color between the two extremes, they 
are clearly nearest to the white-bellied subspecies of the Taita Hills. 
The skins from Mount Gargues average slightly grayer above than the 
specimens from Ulukenia Hills and other localities, but since the 
series is small and the differences trivial, it does not seem advisable 
to separate them from R. fumatus fumatus. They have the hairs of 
the underparts as clearly white to the bases as do the skins from 
Taita Hills. The rangé of the animal probably will be found to be 
practically continuous in rocky localities when more collecting has 
been done east of Mount Kenia. 

Heller found four embryos in a female collected on Mount Garguos, 
September 1; and two embryos in a female from Ndi, November 3. 

For detailed measurements of this subspecies and other forms of the 
subgenus Muyomus sce page 84. 


RATTUS FUMATUS SUBFUSCUS (Osgood). 


1910. Mus niveiventris subfuscus Oscoop, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. ser., vol. 
10, No. 2, p. 12. February. (Lake Elmenteita, British East Africa; 
type in Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago.) 

1910. Epimys nieventris ulae RoosEvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 
478; London ed., p. 489. (Part; references to Sotik, Naivasha, and 
Rift Valley.) 


Specimens.—Seventy-one, from localities as follows: 

British Easr Arrica: Engare Narok River, 1 (Loring); Lake 
Naivasha, south end, 5 (Mearns, Loring); Naivasha Station, 27, 
including 6 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns); Oljoro O Nyon River, 4 


BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


84 


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86 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(Loring, Heller); Southern Guaso Nyiro River, 32, including 6 in 
alcohol (Loring, Mearns); Telek River, Sotik. 2 (Heller). 

This is the subspecies of fumatus with the gray undercolor to the 
hairs of the otherwise white underparts. Around Naivasha the 
form is well marked, but specimens from the Southern Guaso Nyiro 
and Sotik sometimes have very little of the gray undercoloring on 
the belly, and resemble the Taita Hills and Ukamba skins. There 
are no pronounced differences in size or any other characters of 
consequence beyond this coloration of pelage to separate the two 
subspecies. 

Never found except among rocks; we always found it where there were cliffs or 
stony koppies. Lives in crevices in the rocks and along the ledges of the cliffs. Noc- 
turnal. (Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 478.) 

RATTUS TANA (True). 
Plate 22. 
1893. Mus tana True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, p. 602. October 25. (Along 
the Tana River, between the coast and Hameye, British East Africa; 
type in U. S. Nat. Mus.) ° 
1909. Mus tana Lyon and Oscoop, Bull. 62, U.S. Nat. Mus., p. 155. January 28. 

Specimen.—One, the type: 

Britisu East Arrica: Tana River, between the coast and Hameye 
(Chanler and von Héhnel). 

The type-specimen of Rattus tana was originally preserved in 
alcohol, but was made up into a skin after about one year of immer- 
sion. The coloration is evidently considerably modified by this 
treatment and satisfactory comparison with other skins is impossi- 
ble. True described it as “brownish-gray above, hoary below; 
fect white,” which is about as accurate an account as can be given, 
There is a distinct undercolor of gray below, much as in many skins 
of R. f. subfuscus, but all the hairs of the underparts are broadly 
tipped with a light color which was presumably white before its dis- 
coloration. The tail in the dry skin measures 85 millimeters in 
length, but was recorded by True as 93, in the alcoholic specimen 
before skinning. The skull shows the type to be an adult specimen 
and has the teeth moderately worn. The measurements as given 
by True are probably of little value, as the specimen is much shrunken 
and was probably preserved in spirits much too strong for the pur- 
pose. The tail in the dry skin has been separated from the body 
and sewed in place, so that it is obviously considerably shortened 
from its original condition. 

A careful comparison of the type of R.tana with all the forms of 
Rattus from East Africa in the collection proves it to be almost 
certainly a member of the subgenus Myomys closely related to 
Rattus fumatus. Until a satisfactory series of rats of this group 1s 
collected from the Tana River country it will be impossible to settle 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 87 


the exact status of R. tana. My own belief is that the form repre- 
sented will prove ta be a geographical race of fumatus. On the other 
hand skulls of certain specimens of fwmatus are almost indistin- 
guishable from skulls of some of the multimammate rats of the 
subgenus Mastomys, and this is particularly true of specimens in the 
“young adult” stage like the type skull of tana. The type of tana 
is recorded as a female, but no trace of mammez can be found in the 

dry skin. 

° RATTUS COUCHA ISMAILL& (Heller). 
Plate 23. 

1914. Epimys concha (sic) ismailie HeLtuer, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 63, 
No. 7, p. 9. June 24. (Gondokoro, Uganda; type in U. 8S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Thirty-six, from localities as follows: 

Ueanpna: Gondokoro, 18, including 4 in alcohol (Loring); Ledgus, 
1 in alcohol (Loring); Lombeki River, 1 (Loring); Mnyouri Jardin 
1 (Loring); Nimule, 15, including 6 in alcohol and 1 odd skull (Loring, 
Heller). 

The rats of this group, the subgenus Mastomys, known as the multi- 
mammate species, are among the most difficult of small mammals 
to arrange satisfactorily into species or subspecies. What appears 
to be individual variation within a single form is usually far more 
conspicuous than the characters marking valid geographical races. 
The difference in size, and frequently in color, between fully adult 
examples and the older, aged individuals is very great; and the 
change in the form and appearance of the skull throughout life is 
extreme. It is only when large series are available and when the 
skins and skulls are arranged according to age, as determined by 
the condition of the teeth, that the great variations are in a measure 
explained. My-conclusions are that within the territory covered 
by this report only a single species of Mastomys is found, and that 
this species may be separated into several geographical races, no two 
valid forms occupying the same region. With smaller series of 
specimens one might easily be misled into describing several species, 
based mainly on size, form of the skull, and the coloration of the 
underparts. Size of body and size and form of skull are explained 
in almost every case with our material by age; and the color of the 
belly must frequently be accounted as purely individual variation, 
except in cases when it is plainly a question of condition of pelage. 
I have not seen authentic specimens of the two forms described by 
Dollman from Lake Baringo! which he found ranging together, and 
one of which, the smaller effectus, he states is distributed over the 
same territory occupied by Rattus coucha ugandx. I can not help 
but believe, after my experience with the group, that these two 


1 Epimys effectus and E. evelyni Dollman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, pp. 524 and 526. 
May, 1911. 
64952—19—Bull. 99, pt 2 


7 





88 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


names represent large and small individuals of the same subspecies, 
perhaps to be recognized as a valid race of coucha inhabiting the 
Baringo region. 

The Gondokoro race of coucha, described by Heller as Epimys 
coucha ismailie, is not a very well-marked form and differs from 
Rattus coucha ugandx only in its brighter, more cinnamon rufous 
coloration, and smaller size, both of which are average characters, 
not entirely constant throughout the series. The color of the under- 
parts is uniformly creamy whitish, more or less mixed with the gray 
of the underfur; no individuals with drab-colored bellies, not uncom- 
mon in other races, are in the collection. The largest specimens, and 
also the oldest as shown by the condition of the skulls and teeth, are 
decidedly grayish in color, with very little of the cinnamon tones 
characteristic of the average younger adult specimens of the race. 
Our specimens of this subspecies are all from the east side of the 
Nile in extreme northwestern Uganda, between Gondokoro and 
Nimule. 

For detailed measurements of specimens of this subspecies, and of 
other forms of the subgenus Mastomys, see tables, pages 90-93. 


RATTUS COUCHA UGAND<Z (de Winton). 


1897. Mus ugandz pE Winton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 20, p: 317. 
September. (Entebbe, Uganda; type in British Museum.) 

1910. Epimys ugandz RoosEve rt, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 473; 
London ed., p. 485. 

1918. Rattus coucha ugande HouutsteR, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. vol. 68, No. 10, 
p.1. January 16. 


Specimens.—Fifty-three, from the following localities: 

Lapo: Rhino Camp, 11, including 3 odd skulls (Loring). 

Uceanpa: Hoima, 2, including 1 in alcohol and 1 odd skull (Lor- 
ing); Kabula Muliro, 9, including 2 in alcohol and 1 odd skull (Lor- 
ing); Kampala, 5, including 3 in alcohol (Mearns, Heller, Loring); 
Kikanda, 5 (Loring); Kikandwa, 2 (Loring); Kisimbiri, 2 (Loring); 
Kisingo, 9 (Loring); Lialo, 8 (Loring). 

The distribution of this race is doubtless continuous between the 
Lado and the northern shores of Victoria Nyanza by way of eastern 
Belgian Congo and the Ruwenzori country. How far it extends 
northward on the eastern side of the White Nile before blending into 
the Gondokoro form, Rattus coucha ismailz, is not known, as no 
specimens are available from this district between the Victoria Nile 
and Nimule. The large, brown-bellied skins of ugandz in the col- 
lection are usually those specimens with the largest, most angular 
skulls in which the teeth are very much worn. The majority of the 
specimens have grayish-white underparts. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 89 


RATTUS COUCHA TINCTUS Hollister. 
Plate 23. 


1918. Rattus coucha tinctus Hottister, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 68, No. 10, 
p. 1. January 16. (Kaimosi, British East Africa; type in U. S. Nat. 


Mus.) 

Specumens.—Nineteen, as follows: 

Bririso East Arrica: Kaimosi (Heller). 

This large, dark colored subspecies of Rattus coucha is known only 
from the type locality. 

Heller found 10, 12, and 13 embryos in females of the type series 
collected in January, 1912. 

Geographical races of coucha from Victoria Nyanza not represented 
in the United States National Museum collections are Rattus coucha 
cuninghamei (Wroughton)' described from Chivi Island and inhabit- 
ing other islands in the lake as well; and Rattus coucha victoriz 
(Matschie)? from Mwanza, south coast of Speke Gulf. The former is 
described as having a very short tail and buffy white underparts; and 
victorie is said to be pure grayish white below. In tinctus the under- 
parts are only slightly lighter than the flanks and are intense dark 
grayish buff, drab, or tawny olive. 


RATTUS COUCHA NEUMANI (Heller). 
Plate 23. 
1912. Hpimys coucha neumani HeLiER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, 
p. 8. July 5. (Neuman’s Boma, Northern Guaso Nyiro River, British 
East Africa; type in U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Four, as follows: 

British East Arrtca: Neuman’s Boma (Heller). 

The material representing this subspecies is far from satisfactory. 
No one of the four specimens is sufficiently old to show the form or 
size of the skull with extreme age; the teeth of the type, the oldest 
specimen, are only moderately worn. The skins are all decidedly 


grayish in color, with little rufous or buffy above, and with the under- 
parts washed with buff. 


RATTUS COUCHA PANYA (Heller). 
Plate 24. 


1910. Epimys panya Hetier, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 9; p. 2. July 
22. (Juja Farm, Athi Plains, British East Africa; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 
1910. Epimys panya Roosrvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 478; 
London ed., pp. 485, 489. 
1 Mus cuninghamei Wroughton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 1, p. 256. March, .1908. fp 


2 Mus (Epimys) microdon victorie Matschie, Sitz.-ber. Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, 1911;. No.8, p.. 342, 
October. 


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94 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Specimens.—One hundred and sixty-nine, from the following locali- 
ties: 

Britisu Kast Arrica: Fort Hall, 22, including 2 in alcohol (Loring) ; 
Juja Farm, 46, including 5 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns) ; Kapiti Plains, 
1 (Mearns); Lake Naivasha, 2 (Mearns, Loring); Meru Boma, 6 in 
alcohol (Heller); Mount Kenia, west slope, 3, including 2 in alcohol 
(Heller); Njoro Osolali, 1 (Loring); Nyeri, 7, including 1 in alcohol 
(Loring); Saba Saba, 16, including 3 in alcohol (Loring); Southern 
Guaso Nyiro, 1 (Loring); Suswa Plain, 2 (Heller); Ulukenia Hills, 
16, including 4 in alcohol (Loring) ; Wambugu, 46, including 5 in alco- 
hol (Loring, Mearns). 

This rat appears to be the most common species about fields and 
dwellings throughout its range in British East Africa. It is an 
exceedingly variable species and the large series of specimens listed 
above contains skins presenting a wide degree of difference between 
the darkest, almost blackish animals and the palest, bufiy brown 
individuals. There are skins from almost every general locality with 
light grayish or creamy white underparts and others with buffy or 
even drab bellies. Loring found seven embryos in a female from 
Juja Farm, May 18, and 10 in another female from the same place 
May 21. 

Specimens of multimammate rats from Meru Boma and Fort Hall 
have been listed by Doctor Lénnberg' under E'pimys effectus Dolman, 
described from Baringo. I can not find sufficient difference between 
skins from the Athi Plains and other southern localities and those 
from the vicinity of Kenia to recognize two races in our collection. 


RATTUS COUCHA HILDEBRANDTII (Peters). 
1878. Mus hildebrandtii Peters, Mon.-ber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1878, 
p. 200. (Ndi, Taita, British East Africa; type in Berlin Museum.) 

Specimens.—Sixty-six, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Macharra, Taita Hills, 1 (Heller); Mount 
Mbololo, 18, including 8 in alcohol (Heller); Mount Sagalla, 19, in- 
cluding 2 in alcohol (Heller); Mount Umengo, 2 (Heller); Mtoto 
Andei, 12 (Heller); Ndi, 6 (Heller) ; Voi, 5 (Heller). 

GrerRMAN Hast Arrica: Mount Kilimanjaro, 3 (Abbott). 

The series of specimens of this subspecies of Rattus coucha presents 
a very uniform appearance in color and size. The upperparts are 
a dull reddish brown and the underparts rather light grayish buff. 
Heller examined the type-specimen in the Berlin Museum and made 
the following Manuscript notes: 

Mus hildebrandtii Peters. Type. Skull perfect; old, molars worn flat. Skin stuffed, 
ears and tail perfect. Color quite brownish, not gray; dorsal region blackish; sides 


buffy ochraceous; belly suffused with buff. Foot on skin measures 23 millimeters. 
Labeled Noi, Taita. The ‘‘Noi” doubtless means Ndi. 








1 Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 48, No. 5, p. 92. 1912. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 95 


RATTUS COUCHA DURUM4® (Heller). 
Plate 24. 


1912. Epimys coucha durume HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, 
p.9. July 5. (Mazeras, British East Africa; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 


Specumens.—Sixty, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Changamwe, 9, including 2 in alcohol 
(Mearns); Maji-ya-chumvi, 3 (Heller); Mariakani, 2 (Heller); Maze- 
ras, 46, including 7 in alcohol (Heller). 

The specimens of this subspecies average much grayer in color than 
those of the nearly related R. c. hildebrandtii. Breeding records are 
noted on labels of females from Mazeras as follows: December 22, 
seven embryos; December 23, eight embryos; December 24, eleven 
large embryos. 

Genus MUS Linnzus. 
1758. Mus Linnamus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 59. (M. musculus.) 


Curiously enough the common house mouse (Mus musculus) is not 
represented in our British East African collections. The native 
species of the genus have so far, it would seem, held their territory 
from this invader. 

For detailed measurements of specimens of Mus see pages 98-101. 


MUS TRITON TRITON (Thomas). 
Plate 24. 
1909. Leggada triton Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 548. 
December. (Kirui, Elgon, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 
1910. Leggada naivashe Hetier, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 54, [No. 1924], 
p.2. February 28. (Base of Aberdare Mountains, eastern edge of Naiva- 
sha Plains, British East Africa; type in U. 8. Nat. Mus.) 
1910. Mus (Leggada) triton naivashe Roosrvett, African Game Trails, Amer. 
ed., p. 473; London ed. p. 485. 


Specimens.—Two hundred and sixteen, from the following localities: 

Ueanpa: Kikandwa, 3, including 1 in alcohol (Loring); Kisimbiri, 
2 (Loring). 

Bririsu East Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, 5, including 1 in alcohol 
(Heller); Burgunett River, Meru Road, 1 (Heller); Fort Hall, 1 in 
alcohol (Loring); Isiola River, 1 (Heller); Kaimosi, 51, including 28 
in alcohol (Heller); Kakumega, 6 (Heller); Kibabe, Kisumu, 1 
(Heller) ; Lake Naivasha, 27, including 5 in alcohol (Loring) ; Lukosa 
River, 5, including 2 in alcohol (Heller) ; Mission, Kisumu, 1 (Heller) ; 
Mount Kenia, west side, 46, including 31 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns) ; 
Nyangnori, 1 (Heller); Nyeri, 36, including 25 in alcohol (Loring); 
Nyuku River, Meru Road, 1 in alcohol (Heller); Nzoia River, Guas 
Ngishu Plateau, 8, including 6 in alcoho! (Heller); Wambugu, 20, 
including 6 in alcohol (Loring). 

There is much purely individual variation in the amount of black- 
ish on the feet and tail. I can find no characters by which to distin- 


96 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


guish as a separate subspecies the specimens representing Heller’s 
Leggada nawashe. Specimens from Kisimbiri and Kikandwa, on the 
upper Victoria Nile, evidently slightly approach in color Mus triton 
fors of Ruwenzori, but are not sufficiently different to separate from 
triton proper. In this connection it is interesting to note that the 
aames triton and fors as members of this genus, were published simul- 
taneously, and triton has only a single line priority. The name fors 
is usually cited from the Ruwenzori report,! with Thomas and 
Wroughton as its authorities. As a matter of fact it was published as 
a valid name by Thomas in December, 1909, in the description of 
Leggada triton, where the greatest length of the skull of the type 
specimen is given. 
MUS TRITON MURILLA (Thomas). 
1910. Leggada triton murilla Toomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 5, p. 
91. January. (Machakos, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 
1910. Mus (Leggada) triton murillus Roosevett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., 
p. 473; London ed., p. 485. 

Specimens.—Eighteen, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Fort Hall, 1 (Loring); Kamiti Farm, Athi 
Plains, 1 (Loring); Kapiti Plains, 12, including 2 in alcohol (Loring); 
Oljoro O Nyon River, 1 (Loring); Southern Guaso Nyiro River, 1 
(Loring); Thika River, 2 (Loring). 

This gray form of triton is evidently restricted to the region south 
of the upper Tana and Athi rivers, extending westward to the Mau 
Escarpment. It is a very well marked subspecies. 


MUS EMESI Heller. 
Plate 25. 
1911. Mus musculoides emesi HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, 
p.5. February 28. (Kabula Muliro, Uganda; typein U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Twenty, from the following localities: 

Ueanpa: Hoima, 2, including 1 in alcohol (Loring); Kabula Muliro, 
1 (Loring); Kikanda, 1 in alcohol (Loring); Kikandwa, 4, including 
1 in alcohol (Loring); Kisimbiri, 8, including 3 in alcohol (Loring); 
Kisingo, 3 in alcohol (Loring); Nkyanuna, 1 (Loring). 

This white-bellied mouse is clearly related to M. triton, but must be 
classed as a full species as it is found ranging with that form at locali- 
ties in western Uganda. Its range appears to be much more restricted 
than is the distribution of triton. In size, the skull of emesi is inter- 
mediate between skulls of triton and those of bellus and gratus. 

For measurements of specimens see page 99. 


1 Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 19, p.506. March, 1910. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 97 


MUS BELLUS ENCLAV Heller. 
Plate 25. 
1911. Mus bellus enclave HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 8. 
February 28. (Rhino Camp, Lado; typein U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Twenty-five, from localities as follows: 

Lavo: Rhino Camp, 21, including 10 in alcohol (Loring). 

Ucanpa: Butiaba, 3, including 1 in alcohol (Loring, Heller); 
Kampala, 1 (Loring). 

This dark form of bellus seems to be confined to the west side of 
the Nile in the latitude of the type locality, Rhino Camp; but further 
south, in Uganda, it is found in the region between Albert Nyanza and 
Victoria Nyanza. Itis readily separable from Mus emesi by its smaller 
size and smaller skull. 

For measurements see page 99. 

MUS BELLUS GONDOKOR Heller. 
Plate 25. 
1911. Mus bellus gondokore HEtuER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 
8. February 28. (Gondokoro, Uganda; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Two, as follows: 

Ueanpa: Gondokoro, 1 (Loring); Ledgus, 1 in alcohol (Loring). 

This is a very light colored form of bellus, contrasting sharply with 
the dark subspecies from Lado and the Albert Nyanza region. 

MUS BELLUS BELLUS (Thomas). 
1910. Leggada bella Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 5, p. 87. 
January. (Machakos, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 
1910. Mus (Leggada) bellus Roosevett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 472; 
London ed., p. 484. 

Specimens.—Thirty-five, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Archer’s Post, i (Heller); Engare Ndare 
River, 1 (Heller); Fort Hall, 1 (Loring); Juja Farm, 6 (Loring); Kapiti 
Plains, 14, including 11 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns); Meru, 2 in alcohol 
(Heller); Mount Gargues, 3 (Heller); Mount Lololokwi, 3 (Heller); 
Northern Guaso Nyiro River, 1 in alcohol (Heller); Saba Saba, 1 
(Loring); Thika River, 1 (Loring); Ulukenia Hills, 1 (Loring). 

MUS BELLUS VICINUS (Thomas). 

1893. N[annomys] minimus True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, p. 608. (Speci- 
men from Wange, Manda Island; not V. minimus Peters, 1852; not Mus 
minimus White 1789.) 

1910. Leggada bella vicina THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 5, p. 88. 
January. (Takaungu, near Mombasa, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Seven, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Changamwe, 1 (Mearns); Mariakani, 1 
(Heller); Mount Mbololo, 2, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); Mount 
Sagalla, 2, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); Wange, 1 in alcohol 
(Denhardt). 


BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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102 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The alcoholic specimen listed by True* from Doctor Abbott’s 
Kilimanjaro collection as ? Mus minimus Peters can not now be found. 
Doctor True reported it in a poor state of preservation in 1892. 


MUS BELLUS PETILUS (Hollister). 
Plate 25. 
1916. Mus bellus petilus Houiister, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 66, No. 10, p. 


3. October 26. (Southern Guaso Nyiro River, British East Africa; 
type in U. S. Nat. Mus.) 


Specimens.—¥Your, as follows: 
British East Arrica: Naivasha Station, 1 (Loring); Southern 
Guaso Nyiro River, 3 (Loring). 
MUS GRATUS GRATUS (Thomas). 
Plate 26. 


1909. Lleggada] grata THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 549. 
December. (Mubuku Valley, east Ruwenzori, Uganda; type in British 
Museum.) 

1910. Leggada grata THoMAS AND Wrouauron, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 19, 
p. 507. March. 

1910. Mus (Leggada) gratus Roosrvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 
484 (Loring); London ed., pp. 485, 495 (Loring). 

1910. (Leggada) Mus gratus RoosEvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 477; 
London ed., p. 489. 

1911. Mus gratus sungare HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. vol. 56, No. 17, p. 7. 
February 28. (West Kenia Forest Station, 7,500 feet, British Hast 
Africa; type in U. 8S. Nat. Mus.) 


Specimens.—One hundred and twelve, from localities as follows: 

Uaanpa: Butiaba, 1 in alcohol (Loring) % Kajuia, 1 (Loring) ; 
Kampala, 1 (Heller); Kisimbiri, 4, including 3 in alcohol (Loring). 

British Easr Arrica: Fort Hall, 1 in alcohol (Heller); Kaimosi, 
34, including 16 in alcohol (Heller); Kakumega, 1 in alcohol (Heller) ; 
Kisumu, 4 (Heller); Londiana, 1 in alcohol (Heller); Lukosa River, 
2 in alcohol (Heller); Meru, 2 in alcohol (Heller); Mount Kenia, west 
side, 14, including 4 in alcohol (Loring); Naivasha, 8 (Loring); 
Nyangnori, 4 (Heller); Nyeri, 20, including 11 in alcohol (Loring) ; 
Oljoro O Nyon River, 1 (Loring); Omboni River, 2 in alcohol 
(Mearns); Wambugu, 11, including 3 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns). 

I can find no characters to warrant recognition of the form 
described from Mount Kenia by Heller as Mus gratus sungare. 

A grass mouse, usually entirely away from bushes and trees. Usually taken in 
the runways of the larger species. Occasionally come into tents. Nocturnal. 
(Appendix B, p. 477.) Caught in traps set at random in the bushy thickets in the 
lowland, as well as in the open grassy spots on the rocky hillsides where they fre- 


quented the runways made by various species of Mus. A few were collected 
on Mount Kenia. (Appendix ©, p. 484.)? 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 462. 1892. 
2 Roosevelt, Heller, and Loring, African Game Trails. 1910. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 103 


MUS GRATUS SORICOIDES Heller. 
Plate 26. 
1914. Mus gratus soricoides Herter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 63, No. 7, 


p- 10. June 24. (Mount Mbololo, Taita Hills, British East Africa; 
type in U. 8. Nat. Mus.) 


Specimens.—Four, as follows: 
British East Arrica: Mount Mbololo, 3 (Heller); Mount Umengo, 
1 (Heller). 


MUS TENELLUS ACHOLI Heller. 
Plate 26. 
1911. Mus tenellus acholi HetLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 6. 
February 28. (Rhino Camp, Lado; type in U. S. Nat. Mus.) 
Specimens.—Three, as follows: 
Lavo: Rhino Camp (Loring). 
MUS WAM4A® Heller. 
Plate 26. 
1910. Mus (Leggada) sorellus Rooseve t, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 473; 
London ed., p. 485. (Not Leggada sorella Thomas, 1909.) 
1911. Mus wamxz HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p.5. Feb- 
ruary 28. (Kapiti Plains, British East Africa; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specumens.—Two, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Kamiti Farm, Athi Plains, 1 in alcohol 
with skull removed (Loring); Kapiti Plains, 1 (Loring). 

Two East African forms of mice belonging to the same group as 
do acholt and wame (a group characterized by the short tail; long 
snout; and peculiar, elongated palate) are not represented in our 
collections. These are Mus sorella (Thomas)! from near Mount 
Elgon, and Mus tenellus suahelicus (Thomas) ? from Taveta. 


MUS MUSCULUS GENTILIS Brants. 


1827. M[us] gentilis Brants, Het Geslacht der Muizen, p. 126. (Egypt and 
Nubia.) 
1905. Mus musculus gentilis Scowann, Novit. Zool., vol. 12, p. 4. January. 
(Specimen listed below from Kerma.) 
Specimen.—One from— 
Supan: Kerma (Rothschild). 


Genus CRICETOMYS Waterhcuse. 


1840. Cricetomys WATERHOUSE, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1840, p. 2. (C. gambi- 
anus.) 

The giant rats listed below are all closely related forms, and it may 
well be doubted if some of the characters used in separating them 
hold good when better series of the animals are available for study. 
The Mount Gargues form, Cricetomys gambianus raineyi, is a well 


1 Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 548. 1909. aa 
2 Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 6, p.312. 1910. 


64952—19—Bull. 99, pt 2 8 





104 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


marked subspecies; but elgonis, kenyensis, enguvi, and osgoodi are 
very much alike. They must all be recognized, however, on the basis 
of the present material. 

For measurements of specimens of Cricetomys see opposite page. 


CRICETOMYS GAMBIANUS RAINEYI Heller. 
Plate 27. 

1912. Cricetomys gambianus raineyi Heuer, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, 
No. 16, p. 15. July 5. (Mount Gargues, Mathews Range, 6,000 feet, 

British East Africa; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specuomens.—Four, from localities as follows: 
British East ArricaA: Mount Gargues, 2 (Heller); Mount Lolo- 

lokwi, 2 (Heller). 


CRICETOMYS GAMBIANUS ELGONIS Thomas. 
1910. Cricetomys gambianus elgonis THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 5, p. 198. February. (South face of Mount Elgon at 10,000 feet, 
British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 

Specuomens.—Three, from the following localities: 

Britisa East Arrica: Kaimosi, 1 (Heller); Kakumega,1 (Heller) ; 
Lukosa River, 1 (Heller). 

There is much variation in the color of the belly in these three 
skins. One is buffy white below except for a small area on the chest; 
one is almost entirely grayish-drab below; and the third is about 
intermediate between the other two in the coloration of this part of 
the body. In all three the white part of the tail is much more exten- 
sive than the darker basal portion. 


CRICETOMYS GAMBIANUS KENYENSIS Osgood. 
1910. Cricetomys gambianus kenyensis Osacoop, Field Mus. Zool., ser. vol. 10, No. 
2, p. 9. February. (South side of Mount Kenia, British East Africa; 
type in Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago.) 
Specumens.—Two, from the following localities: 
BritisH East Arrica: Kikuyu, 1 (Klein); Nairobi, 1 (Klein). 
The Nairobi skin has the underparts pure creamy white, sharply 
marked from the color of the sides; the Kikuyu skin has the under- 
parts entirely drab colored, very slightly lighter than the color of 
the upperparts, and without noticeable line of demarcation. 


CRICETOMYS GAMBIANUS ENGUVI Heller. 
Plate 28. 
1912. Cricetomys gambianus enguvi Hetter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, 
No. 16. p. 16. July 5. (Mount Umengo, Taita Mountains, British East 
Africa; type in U. 8. Nat. Mus.) 
Specimens.—Fourteen, from the following localities: 
British East Arrica: Macharra, Taita Mountains, 1 (Heller); 
Mount Mbololo, 5 (Heller); Mount Sagalla, 1 (Heller); Mount Umengo, 
6 (Heller). 


105 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 








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106 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


ZANZIBAR: ‘Zanzibar,’ 1 (purchased from Wilh. Schliter). 

The Zanzibar specimen is without record other than the locality 
“Zanzibar” written on the label. This may be regarded as doubtful; 
the specimen may well have come from some mainland locality. It 
is much more like skins of the Taita Mountains form than like those 
of osgoodi from Mazeras, but has a much larger proportion of the 
tail whitish than in any specimen of either of these races in our 
collection. 

In Heller’s journal of the Rainey Expedition he notes that the 
giant rats were abundant in the Taita Hills; he often saw their holes 
and runways in the forests which clothe the summits. He found 
them gentle in the traps and they did not offer to bite when stroked. 
The natives use them extensively for food. 


CRICETOMYS GAMBIANUS OSGOODI Heller. 
Plate 29. 
1912. Cricetomys gambianus osgoodi HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59. 


No. 16, p.16. July 5. (Mazeras, British East Africa; type in U.S. Nat. 
Mus.) 


Specimens.—Nine, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Mazeras (Heller). 

The type-specimen of this subspecies is not, as stated in the original 
description, an aged individual. Theskullis by no means fully grown 
and the molar teeth are only moderately worn. 


Genus LOPHUROMYS Peters. 


1866. Lasiomys Perers, Mon.-ber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, 1866, p. 409. 
(L. afer. Not of Burmeister, 1854.) 

1874. Lophuromys Peters, Mon.-ber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, 1874, 
p. 234. (L. afer.) 


The ‘‘harsh-furred” mice, as the members of this genus have been 
called, are among the most beautiful of all the African rodents. 
Their warm, rich coloration and general appearance suggest strongly! 
certain members of the Neotropical genus Orymycteris, and curiously 
enough the superficial appearance of skulls of the two genera pre- 
sents many features in common. The number of forms, their exact 
relationship, and distribution, are still doubtful and the genus pre- 
sents many problems for a careful monographer. 

For tables of measurements of specimens see pages 107-109. 

LOPHUROMYS AQUILUS AQUILUS (True). 
Plate 30. 


1892. Mus aquilus Trux, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 460. October 26. 
(Mount Kilimanjaro, German East Africa; type in U. 8. Nat. Mus.) 

1909. Mus aquilus Lyon aNp Oscoop, Bull. 62,U.S. Nat. Mus., p.144. Janu- 
ary 28. 

1909. Lophuromys zena DottMaAN, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 550. 
December. (East side of Aberdare Mts., near Nyeri, British East 
Africa; type in British Museum.) 


107 


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110 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


1909. Lophuromys rubecula Dottman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, 
p. 551. December. (Elgonyi, Mt. Elgon, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 

1910. Lophuromys aquilus Roosevett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 472, 
477; London ed., pp. 484, 489. 

1914. Lophuromys sp. COCKERELL, MILLER, and Printz, Zool. Anz., vol. 44, p. 
437. June 23. 

Specumens.—Two hundred and fifty-three, from the following 
localities: 

Uaanpa: Kampala, 6, including 4 in alcohol (Loring); Kikanda, 
1 (Loring); Kisinge, 1 (Loring); Nkyanuna, 1 (Loring). 

British Hast Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, 23, including 5 in 
alcohol (Heller); Engare Narok River, 5 (Loring, Heller); Fort Hall, 
1 (Loring); Guas Ngishu Plateau, north of Ravine Station, 3 in 
alcohol (Heller); Kaimosi, 29, including 18 in alcohol (Heller); 
Kakumega, 1 in alcohol (Heller); Kisumu, 3 (Heller); Lukosa Riven, 
2 (Heller); Mount Kenia, west side, 100, including 26 in alcohol 
(Loring, Heller, Mearns) ; Naivasha 52, including 3 in alcohol (Loring, 
Mearns); Nyeri, 7, including 3 in alcohol (Loring); Nzoia River, 4, 
including 3 in alcohol (Heller); Oljoro O Nyon River, 2 (Heller); 
Ravine, 1 in alcohol (Heller); Sirgoit Lake, 3 in alcohol (Heller); 
Southern Guaso Nyiro River, 2 in alcohol (Mearns); Wambugu, 5, 
including 1 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns). 

GERMAN East Arrica: Mount Kilimanjaro, 1 (Abbott) 

There appear to be no constant characters by which this form may 
be further divided into geographical races. A suitable series of 
specimens from the type locality of aquilus is still lacking, and until 
this is obtained it will be impossible to determine with certainty the 
status of Dollman’s Lophuromys zena. Every feature of the type- 
specimen of aquilus can be matched in some specimen from British 
East Africa, however, and these latter do not vary geographically 
among themselves to any appreciable extent. Allowing for slight 
variations in tail and body measurements by different collectors and 
the usual differences of pelage due to wear and fading the species 
seems remarkably constant in both external and cranial characters 
from Kilimanjaro to Albert Nyanza. There is some difference in 
the size of the teeth in various specimens, but aside from what 
appears to be a slight reduction with altitude it amounts to little. 
I can not see the slightest difference between specimens from the type 
locality of zena and those from the Guas Ngishu Plateau, Kavirondo 
and Uganda, which should represent Dollman’s Lophuromys rubecula. 
At first sight the Kaimosi and Lukosa River skins appear darker than 
usual, but as a matter of fact fresh, clean skins from Kenia and 
Naivasha match them almost precisely. The color of the hind foot 
varies greatly in the relative amount of dark and light area, but dark 
feet and light mottled feet are not confined to any one region. The 
same may be said of the intensity of color of the belly. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 111 


Breeding records noted on specimen labels are as follows: Nyeri, 
September 16, two large embryos; Aberdare Mountains, October 9, 
one and two large embryos. 

Common in Rift Valley, on the top of the Aberdares, and in the Kenia forest. Go 
up to timber line, but are not found in the deep forest, save about the edges of the 
streams. Very fond of brush. Do not go out on the grassy plains. Usually. but 


not strictly, nocturnal; and in the cold, foggy uplands, as on the Aberdares, become 
diurnal.! 


LOPHUROMYS AQUILUS MARGARETTA Heller. 
Plate 30. 
1912. Lophuromys aquilus margarette HetLer, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, 
No. 16, p.7. July 5. (Mount Gargues, Mathews Range, British East 
Africa; type in U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Twenty-seven, including 6 in alcohol, as follows: 

BrittsH East Arrica: Mount Gargues (Heller). 

This well marked form is chiefly conspicuous for its dark coloration 
and the absence of speckling on the lower back and rump. The 
skulls average smaller then in true aquilus and the tail is relatively 
longer. 

See measurements, page 109. 


LOPHUROMYS ANSORGEI ANSORGEI de Winton. 


1896. Lophuromys ansorgei DE Wi1NnTON, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1896, p. 607. 
(Mumia’s, Kavirondo, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 

1910. Lophuromys ansorgei RoosEveEtt, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 472; 
London ed., p. 484. 

Specimens.—Thirty, from localities as follows: 

Ueanpba: Butiaba, 3, including 2 in alcohol (Loring); Hoima, 3, 
including 2 in alcohol (Loring); Kabula Muliro, 1 (Loring); Kikonda, 
1 in alcohol (Loring); Kisingo, 1 odd skull (Loring); Lialo, 1 (Loring) ; 
Mnyouri Jardin, 1 (Loring). 

British East Arrica: Kaimosi, 1 (Heller); Kibabe, Kisumu, 3 in 
aleohol (Heller); Kisumu, 13 (Heller); Nzoia River, Guas Ngishu 
Plateau, 2 (Heller). 

There is considerable difference in color between the series from 
Kisumu and Kaimosi, and those from other localities. Just what this 
means it is impossible to decide without more material. The Kisumu 
skins are very much like the colored plate of the type specimen of 
ansorgei, while those from a point on the Nzoia River equally near the 
type locality are considerably lighter in color, with reddish sides and 
a deeper colored belly. All of the Uganda skins are much like the 
Nzoia River specimens in color, and differ from the figure of the type 
and from the Kisumu skins by their lighter colored flanks. There 
appear to be some slight skull differences between the Kisumu speci- 
mens and the Uganda and Nzoia River material; but there are hardly 





! Roosevelt and Heller, Afr. Game Trails, Appendix B, Amer.ed., p.477. 1910. 


ELD BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


enough specimens to be sure that these are really constant. I am 
almost sure that two well-marked subspecies are here represented— 
the Uganda and Guas Ngishu form, and the dark Kavirondo Gulf 
race. The type of ansorgei is doubtless somewhat intermediate but 
nearest the Kavirondo form. 


LOPHUROMYS ANSORGEI PYRRHUS Heller. 
Plate 30. 
1911. Lophuromys pyrrhus Heiter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56. No. 17, 
p. 10. February 28. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave; type in U. S. Nat. 
Mus.) 

Specimens.—Nine, including 3 in alcohol and 1 odd skull, as follows: 

Lavo: Rhino Camp (Loring). 

This form is closely related to true ansorget but averages brighter 
and richer colored, with much more intensely colored underparts. The 
skulls appear to average smaller, but there is not a really old specimen 
in the series, so the limits of its growth are unknown. This race seems 
to be restricted to the western side of the Nile. 


Genus URANOMYS Dollman. 
1909. Uranomys DottMaAN, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 551. De- 
cember. (U. ruddi.) 
The single specimen of this genus collected by the Smithsonian 
African expedition has been made the type of a new species. 
URANOMYS UGAND& Heller. 


Plate 31. 
_ 1911. Uranomys ugand Heiter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56. No. 17. p. 
12. February 28. (Kikonda, Uganda; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 
Specumen.—One, the type. 
Ueanpa: Kikonda (Loring). 


Genus BEAMYS Thomas. 


1909. Beamys THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 107. August, 
(B. hindei.) 
This rare pouched rat is known only from the coast region of British 
East Africa, inland to Kilimanjaro; and from Nyasaland. 


BEAMYS HINDEI Thomas. 


1909. Beamys hindei Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 108. 
August. (Taveta, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 
Specimens.—Thirteen, including one in alcohol, as follows: 
Britisu East Arrica: Mazeras (Heller). 
Heller found the cheek pouches of some of these specimens well 
filled with seeds. 
For measurements of specimens see opposite page. 


1138 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





















































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114 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Genus SACCOSTOMUS Peters. 


1846. Saccostomus Peters, Ber. K6niglich Akad. Berlin, 1846, -p. 258. (S. 
campestris.) 
1903. Eosaccomys PALMER, Science, new. ser., vol. 17, p. 873. (S. campestris.) 
The three species of pouched rats of the genus Saccostomus known 
from British East Africa are closely related to South African forms, 
and doubtless will prove to be geographical races of some earlier 
named species when the group is carefully monographed. 
For measurements of specimens of Saccostomus see page 115. 


SACCOSTOMUS MEARNSI Heller. 
Plate 32. 
1910. Saccostomus mearnst HeutER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 54 [No. 1924], 
p. 3. February 28. (Changamwe, British East Africa; type in U. S. 


Nat. Mus.) 
1910. Saccostomus mearnsi Rooseve.t, African Game ‘Trails, Amer. ed., p. 


473; London ed., p. 485. 


Specimens.—Two, as follows: 
BritisH East Arrica: Changamwe (Mearns). 
Doctor Mearns records the “iris very dark brown, almost black; 


toes flesh color.”’ 
SACCOSTOMUS UMBRIVENTER Miller. 


Plate 32. 

1910. Saccostomus umbriventer Miter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 54 [No. 
1925], p. 1. February 28. (Njoro Osolali, Sotik, British East Africa; 
type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

1910. Saccostomus umbriventer RoosrEvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 
473, 479; London ed., pp. 485, 490. 

Specomens.—Hight, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Kabalolot Hill, Sotik, 1 (Heller); Njoro 
Osolali, 3 (Loring); Southern Guaso Nyiro River, 1 (Heller); Telek 
River, Sotik, 3 (Heller). 

SACCOSTOMUS ISIOL: Heller. 
Plate 31. 

1912, Saccostomus isiole HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, p. 14. 
July 5. (Isiola River, Northern Guaso Nyiro, British East Africa; 
type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specomens.—Twenty-nine, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Isiola River, 20 (Heller); Lower Nyuki, 
Northern Guaso Nyiro, 1 (Heller): Mayo River, Laikipia Plateau, 1 
(Heller); Turah Water, Northern Guaso Nyiro, 7 (Heller). 

One female contained four embryos, another six, on July 1. 


115 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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116 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Genus ACOMYS Geoffroy. 


1838. Acomys I. GEorrroy, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, ser. 2, vol. 10, p. 126. (A. 
cahirinus.) 

The spiny mice of this genus appear to be very local in distribution 
and large parts of East Africa are unrepresented by specimens. In 
some favorable localities, as in the Northern Guaso Nyiro district, 
three, if not four, distinct species are found in one vicinity and the 
animals are abundant. 

For detailed measurements of specimens see pages 119-121. 


ACOMYS WITHERBYI de Winton. 
1901. Acomys witherbyi DE Winton, Novit. Zool., vol. 8, p. 400. December 31. 
(El Kowa, Sudan; type in British Museum.) 
1905. Acomys witherbyt ScHwaNN, Novit. Zool., vol. 12, p.4. January. 
Specumen.—One, as follows: 
SupAN: Naikhala (Rothschild). 
Dr. Glover M. Allen? has suggested the probable identity of this 
species with Acomys cineraceus Heuglin and Fitzinger, described from 
Doka, eastern Sennar, between the Atbara and the Rahad Rivers. 


ACOMYS HYSTRELLA Heller. 
Plate 31. 
1911. Acomys hystrella HetuER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 13. 
February 28. (Nimule, Uganda; type in U. S. Nat. Mus.) 
Specomens.—Thirty-seven, from localities as follows: 
Ueanpba: Ledgus, 5 in alcohol (Loring); Nimule, 32, including 9 
in alcohol and 16 odd skulls (Loring). 


ACOMYS IGNITUS IGNITUS Dollman. 


1910. Acomys ignitus Dotuman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 6, p. 229. 
August. (Voi, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 


Specumens.—Thirty-two, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Changamwe, 5, including 4 in alcohol 
(Mearns); Maji-ya-chumvi, 2 (Heller); Mariakani, 4, including 2 
in alcohol (Heller); Mazeras, 9, including 4 in alcohol (Heller); 
Mtoto Andei, 6, including 3 in alcohol (Heller); Voi, 6 (Heller). 

Doctor Mearns notes of an adult male from Changamwe: “Iris very 
dark brown.”’ At Voi on October 28, Heller found females with one and 
two large embryos; at Mariakani, January 1, with one embryo; and 
at Mtoto Andei, April 6, one very large embryo which is preserved 
in alcohol. 

ACOMYS IGNITUS KEMPI Dollman. 

1911. Acomys kempi Dotitman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 125 
July. (Chanler Falls, Northern Guaso Nyiro, British East Africa; type 
in British Museum.) 

1914. Acomys i[gnitus] kenpi Dottman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 14, 
p. 487. December. 


! Bull. Mus “omp. Zool. Harvard, vol. 58, p.329. July, 1914. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. LAG 


Speciemens.—F ifty-two, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Archer’s Post, 4, including 1 in alcohol 
and 2 odd skulls (Heller); Chanler Falls, 1 (Percival); Isiola River, 
1 in alcohol (Heller); Kara River, Marsabit Road, 1 (Heller); Laki- 
undu River, 21, including 10 in alcohol and 3 odd skulls (Heller); 
Longaya Water, Marsabit Road, 2 (Heller); Marsabit Road, 1 in 
alcohol (Heller); Merele Water, Marsabit Road, 1 (Heller); Mount 
Gargues, 9, including 2 in alcohol (Heller); Northern Guaso Nyiro 
River, 6, including 2 in alcohol (Heller, Percival); Quoy, Marsabit 
Road, 1 (Heller); Salt River, 3 (Percival); Sandai, 1 (Percival). 

Included in the above series are several specimens which have been 
identified by Dollman as belonging to his Acomys pulchellus,! de- 
scribed from the same type locality as Acomys ignitus kempi. The 
specimens are unquestionably the rather immature examples of kempi, 
and it seems probable that such a specimen was made the type of 
pulchellus. There is an extraordinary difference in size of skulls in 
this species between young adults and old adults. Skulls which have 
the teeth worn so that all pattern is obliterated still have the basal 
suture open, and the skull apparently grows throughout the life of 
the animal. It would seem strange that out of all the specimens of 
this group of Acomys from the Northern Guaso Nyiro in our collec- 
tion all the oldest should be kempi and all the youngest specimens 
pulchellus. The series contains specimens showing all ages from those 
in which the last molar is not in place to very old individuals with the 
teeth almost worn away; and I am well satisfied that all belong to one 
species. The oldest specimens have heavier and longer spines than 
young or subadult animals. Mr. Heller examined the type-specimens 
of kempi and pulchellus in London and noted that the teeth were 
almost unworn in the type skull of pulchellus, while the type of 
kempi was old with much more worn teeth. 

Two females from Marsabit Road, July 20 and 21, contained 
embryos; in one a single fetus, in the other, two fetuses. 


ACOMYS IGNITUS MONTANUS Heller. 


1914. Acomys ignitus montanus Het.ER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 63, No. 7, 
p. 12. June 24. (North slope of Mount Marsabit, British East Africa; 
type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 
Specimens.—Two, as follows: 
British East Arrica: Mount Marsabit (Percival). 
The type was trapped at an altitude of 4,600 feet on the north 
slope; the paratype is from the south slope of the mountain. These 





1 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, p.127. July, 1911. 


118 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


specimens are without skulls, but the skins indicate a large, dark 
colored form related to kempi. 


ACOMYS PERCIVALI Dollman. 

1911. Acomys percivali Dotuman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 126. 
July. (Chanler Falls, Northern Guaso Nyiro, British East Africa; type 
in British. Museum.) 

Specimens.—Ninety-one, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Longaya Water, Marsabit Road, 2 in alco- 
hol (Heller); Merele River, Marsabit Road, 38, including 13 in alco- 
hol and 5 odd skulls (Heller); Mount Gargues, 23, including 11 in 
alcohol (Heller); Mount Lololokwi, 22, including 9 in alcohol 
(Heller) ; Northern Guaso Nyiro River, 6 (Heller). 

Specimens were trapped on the summit of Mount Lololowki, at 
6,000 feet. Breeding records are as follows: Northern Guaso Nyiro, 
October 4, two large embryos; Mount Gargues, September 3, two 
embryos; and a single embryo each from two females on Marsabit 
Road, July 28 and 30. 


ACOMYS WILSONI WILSONI Thomas. 


1892. Acomys wilsont Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 10, p. 22. 
July. (Mombasa, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 

1910. Acomys wilsoni Roosrevett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 473. 
London ed., p. 485. 


Specimens.—Highteen, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Changamwe, 1 in alcohol (Mearns); Mari- 
akani, 1 in alcohol (Heller); Mazeras, 1 (Heller); Mount Sagalla, 2 
(Heller); Mtoto Andei, 13, including 6 in alcohol (Heller). 


ACOMYS WILSONI ABLUTUS Dollman. 
1911. Acomys ablutus DottMAN, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 127. 
July. (Nyama Nyango,! Northern Guaso Nyiro, British East Africa; 
type in British Mus.) 
1914. Acomys w[ilsoni] ablutus Dottman, Ann and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 
14, p. 487. December. 

Specimens.—Fourteen, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Archer’s Post, 4, including 3 in alcohol 
(Heller) ; Isioli River, 6, including 2 in alcohol and 1 odd skull (Heller) ; 
Northern Guaso Nyiro River, 4 in alcohol (Heller). 

Heller found four embryos in a female collected at Archer’s Post, 
July 5; and one embryo in a female captured near the Isiola River, 
July 1. Four embryos seem to be an unusually large number for 
mice of this genus. 





1 According to Lénnberg, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 48, No. 5, p. 96, 1912, this is another name 
for Neuman’s camp, or ‘‘Neuman’s Boma”’ of some maps, situated on the Northern Guaso Nyiro River 
near the mouth of the Isiola. 


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122 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Genus DASYMYS Peters. 


1875. Dasymys Perers, Mon.-ber. K. Preuss. Akad. Berlin, 1875, p. 12. (D. 
gueinziv.) 

The swamp rats of the genus Dasymys are animals which do not 
seem to be common in collections. At least our collectors failed to 
take them in such satisfactory series as usual with many other 
murines. When collections are made throughout eastern and central 
Africa and it becomes possible to monograph the group in a satisfac- 
tory manner, most of the forms listed below will doubtless prove — 
to be geographic races of Dasymys incomtus Sundevall. 

For measurements of specimens see page 124. 


DASYMYS HELUKUS HELUKUS Heller. 
Plate 33. 

1910. Dasymys helukus Hetter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 54, [No. 1924], p. 2. 
February 28. (Sirgoit, Guas Ngishu Plateau, British East Africa; type 
in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

1910. Dasymus helukus Roosrvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 
478; London ed., pp. 485, 490. (Part.) 

Specimens.—Vifty-five, from localities as follows: 

Britisu Hast Arrica: Kaimosi, 50, including 9 in alcohol (Heller) ; 
Kibabe, Kisumu, 1 (Heller); Nzoia River, 1 (Heller); Sirgoit, 3, 
including 1 in alcohol (Heller). 

The skins in this series are remarkably uniform in color. Heller 
notes three sucking young with a female collected at Kaimosi, January 
29. 

DASYMYS HELUKUS SAVANNUS Heller. 
Plate 34. 

1911. Dasymys savannus Hetter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 14. 
February 28. (Fort Hall, British East Africa; type in U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—-Fifteen, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Archer’s Post, 1 (Heller); Fort Hall, 1 
(Loring); Isiola River, 1 (Heller); Kapiti Plains, 1 (Loring); Lakiundu 
River, 3 (Heller); Mount Kenia, west slope, 8, including 6 in alcohol 
(Heller, Loring). 

The material representing this pale reddish form is far from satis- 
factory. I suspect that more specimens will show the advisibility 
of separating a new subspecies from north of Mount Kenia. No 
specimen in the series matches the type in color or skull characters, 
but some of the skins from the Lakiundu River are the extremes of 
reddish coloration. The males in this small series are all of a grayish 
brown,much as in males and females of true helukus, while the females 
are all of the reddish type. The material is hardly extensive enough 
to prove that this is a regular sexual coloration. In other forms the 
sexes are indistinguishable in color. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 123 


DASYMYS HELUKUS NIGRIDIUS Hollister. 
Plate 34. 


1916. Dasymys helukus nigridius Houtister, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 66, 
No. 10, p. 2. October 26. (Lake Naivasha, British East Africa; type 
in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Twenty-six, as follows: 

Britiso Hast Arrica: Aberdare Range, 1 (Heller); Lake Naivasha, 
25, including 6 in alcoho] and 3 odd skulls (Loring, Mearns). 

This large, dark form is conspicuously different in coloration from 
its much paler geographical neighbors, D. h. helukus and D. h. 
savannus. 'The single specimen from the Aberdares, while slightly 
smaller than Naivasha skins, is fully as dark and is quite unlike the 
more reddish or brownish-gray specimens of savannus from the 
western slopes of Mount Kenia. It was collected at an altitude of 
7,000 feet. 

The skull of Dasymys helukus nigridius averages somewhat larger 
than skulls of either Dasymys h. helukus or D. h. savannus, with 
higher sinciput, heavier rostrum, and greater interorbital breadth. 
The teeth are also larger. Skins of young animals, about one-half 
grown, are especially dark as compared with the young of D. h. 
savannus of corresponding age. The subspecies is further con- 
spicuous for its very long and silky fur. 

Loring found three large embryos in a female collected at Naivasha 
Station, August 20. 


DASYMYS ORTHOS Heller. 
Plate 34. 


1911. Dasymys orthos HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 13. 
February 28. (Butiaba, Albert Nyanza, Uganda; type in U. S. Nat. 
Mus.) 

1914. Dasymys sp. Frick, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 9, p. 8, pl.1. June 6. 


Specumens.—Three, from localities as follows: 
Lavo: Rhino Camp, 1 (Loring). 
Ueanpa: Butiaba, 2 (Loring). 


DASYMYS BENTLEY] MEDIUS Thomas. 


1906. Dasymys medius THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 18, p. 143. 
August. (Mubuku Valley, East Ruwenzori, Uganda; type in British 
Museum.) 

1910. Dasymys medius THomas AND WrovuGutTon, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 
19, p. 514. March. 


Specimen.—One, as follows: 
Uaanpba: Mubuku Valley, East Ruwenzori (Dent). 


BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 135 


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Genus PELOMYS Peters. 


1852. Pelomys Peters, Mon.-ber. K. Preuss. Akad. 
Berlin, p. 275. (P. fallaz.) 

The creek rat seems to be uncommon in most 
parts of British East Africa. No member of 
the restricted genus Pelomys was collected by 
the Smithsonian African Expedition, but while 
on the Rainey Expedition Mr. Heller found 
the following species abundant in the Taita 
Mountains. 

PELOMYS FALLAX IRIDESCENS Heller. 
Plate 35. 
1912. Pelomys fallax iridescens HELLER, Smithsonian 
Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, p.12. July 5. 
(Mount Mbololo, Taita Mountains, British 


East Africa, altitude 5,000 feet; type in U.S. 
Nat. Mus.) 


Specomens.—Fifty-five, from localities as 
follows: 

British East Arrica: Mount Mbololo, 37, 
including 10 in alcohol (Heller); Mount Sagalla, 
13, including 4 in alcohol (Heller); Mount 
Umengo, 2 (Heller); Voi, 3 (Heller). 

There is great variation in color among skins 
of this form from a single locality. In some 
the iridescent greenish tint is very conspicuous 
over the entire upperparts. The opposite ex- 
treme from this condition is with almost no 
green in the make-up of the coloration above and 
with the subterminal rings of the longer hairs 
Sudan-brown rather than yellowish-buff, giving 
the animal avery different general appearance. 
There is a continouus growth of skull through- 
out life, and specimens with the teeth so much 
worn that all trace of the cusps is lacking still 
have the basi-sphenoid suture open. 

For measurements of specimens see page 126. 


Genus MYLOMYS Thomas. 


1906. Mylomys THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 7, vol. 18, p. 224. September. (©. 
cuninghamei.) 

This poorly characterized genus perhaps 
should not be recognized as distinct from 
Pelomys, with which it is closely related. 


BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 127 


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1 Type. 


MYLOMYS ROOSEVELTI (Heller). 
Plate 33. 


1910. Pelomys roosevelti HELLER, Smithsonian 
Misc. Coll., vol. 54 [No. 1924], p. 1. 
February 28. (Nzoia River, Guas 
Ngishu Plateau, British East Africa; 
type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

1910. Pelomys roosevelti Roosrvett, African 
Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 479; 
London ed., pp. 485, 490. 


Specuomens.—Kighteen, from the follow- 
ing localities: 

British East Arrica: Kaimosi, 15 
(Heller); Kakumega, 2 (Heller); Nzoia 
River, Guas Ngishu Plateau, 1 (Heller). 

Specimens from Kaimosi have slightly 
longer tails and darker colored feet than 
the type from Nzoia River, but the differ- 
ence is not great and there is only the 
one specimen from the type locality. In 
the Kaimosi series are several very young 
specimens. The youngest, in which the 
last molars have not yet erupted, are 
colored above very much like the fully 
adult but are dark cinnamon buff below, 
the hairs with ground color dark gray, 
very different from the clear whitish belly 
of the adult. Older juveniles, after all 
the teeth are in place but quite unworn, 
are much duller above and are becoming 
more as in the older specimens below— 
the throat, breast, and posterior under- 
parts are decidedly whitish. Slghtly 
older specimens, with the teeth showing 
a little wear, are very much faded out, of 
a dull bleached brown above, but with 
the entire underparts in fresh coat like 
that of the adults. 

For measurements of specimens see 
accompanying table. 


Genus ARVICANTHIS Lesson. 


1842. Arvicanthis Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Mamm., 
p. 147. (A. niloticus.) 

1843. Isomys SUNDEVALL, K. Svenska Akad. 
Handl., 1842, p. 219. (A. niloticus.) 


128 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


The unstriped grass rats of the restricted! genus Arvicanthis are 
well represented in the collections from nearly all the districts of 
East Africa covered by our expeditions. The animals seem to be 
abundant everywhere and good series of specimens of most of the 
known forms were taken. 

For measurements of specimens of Arvicanthis see pages 132-135. 


ARVICANTHIS TESTICULARIS TESTICULARIS (Sundevall). 


1843. Isomys testicularis SUNDEVALL, K. Svenska Akad. Handl., 1842, p. 221. 
(Bahr el Abiad, Sudan.) 
1905. Arvicanthis testicularis Scawann, Nov. Zool., vol. 12, p. 4. 

Specimens.—Thirteen, from the following localities: 

Supan: Kerma, 1 (Rothschild); Khartoum, 10, including 3 in 
alcohol (Heller, Loring); Merowe, 1 (Rothschild); Shereik 1 (Roths- 
child). 

ARVICANTHIS TESTICULARIS JEBEL Heller. 
Plate 35. 


1911. Arvicanthis jebele Hetter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p.9. 
February 28. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

1911. Arvicanthis testicularis jebelee DottMaN, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 8, p. 338. September. 


Specimens.—Thirty-three, from localities as follows.: 

Lapo: Rhino Camp, 382, including 8 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns). 

Uaanba: Gondokoro, 1 (Loring). 

The single specimen from Gondokoro is indistinguishable from the 
lighter colored skins in the series collected west of the Nile. At both 
Rhino Camp and Gondokoro distinct forms of the dark-bellied 
Arvicanthis abyssinicus group are also found. These latter are 
sharply separated by the Nile and it would therefore not be surprising 
if a better series from Gondokoro made it possible also to distinguish 
a form of testicularis, separate from the Lado subspecies, on the east 
side of the river. 


ARVICANTHIS ABYSSINICUS CENTROSUS Hollister. 
Plate 35. 


1911. [Arvicanthis] rubescens HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17. 
p. 10. February 28. (Part, specimens from Rhino Camp, Lado; not of 
Wroughtov.) 

1916. Arvicanthis abyssinicus centrosus HouLuisterR, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 
66, No. 10, p. 1. October 26. (Rhino Camp, Lado; type in U. S. 
Nat. Mus.) 


Specimens.—Sixteen, including two in alcohol, from: 

Lapo: Rhino Camp (Loring, Mearns). 

This subspecies of Arvicanthis abyssinicus is readily distinguished 
from Arvicanthis testicularis jebele Heller, which occupies the same 
region in the Lado Enclave, by its much darker color, above and below, 


1 See Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 18, pp. 67-70. July, 1916. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 129 


and by its shorter tail. In its blackish coloration it much resembles 
certain specimens of A. abyssinicus nubilans of the Kisumu Province, 
British East Africa, but its distribution is separated from the range of 
that form by the Uganda A. a. rubescens, which occupies the eastern 
side of the Nile system from Ankole to southern Sudan (Mongalla '). 


ARVICANTHIS ABYSSINICUS RUBESCENS Wroughton. 


909. Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens WroucHToN, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 
ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 5388 December. (Kibero, Unyoro, Uganda; type in 
British Museum.) 

1910. Arvicanthis abyssinicus rubescens RoosEvett, African Game Trails, Amer. 
ed., p. 473; London, ed., p. 485. 

1911. [Arvicanthis] rubescens Heiter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, 
p. 10. February 28. (Part; specimens from Gondokoro, Uganda.) 


Specimens.—Seventeen, from localities as follows: 

Uaanpa: Butiaba, 1 (Loring); Gondokoro, 9, including 1 in 
alcohol (Loring); Hoima, 1 (Loring); Kampala, 3 (Loring); Kisingo, 
2 including 1 in alcohol (Loring); Nimule, 1 in alcohol (Heller). 

There is considerable variation in color among the specimens 
representing this form, but on the average they are lighter and more 
reddish than any specimens of the neighboring subspecies in Lado and 
about Kavirondo Gulf. The Nile appears to be an effective barrier 
between this form and the much darker subspecies of Lado. 


ARVICANTHIS ABYSSINICUS NUBILANS Wroughton. 
1909. Arvicanthis abyssinicus nubilans WroucutTon, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 4. December. (Kisumu, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 


Specumens.—Forty-five, from the following localities: 

Britisu East Arrica: Kaimosi, 23, including 5 in alcohol (Heller, 
Turner); Kakumega, 2 (Heller); Kisumu, 18, including 3 in alcohol 
(Heller, Turner); Nzoia River, 1 (Heller); Sirgoit Lake, 1 in alcohol 
(Heller). 

This is a very slightly characterized form, averaging a little darker 
than A. a. rubescens. The amount of variation between specimens 
from Kisumu and Kaimosi is, however, almost as great as between 
the race as a whole and rubescens, and I much doubt if a conscientious 
reviser, working with suitable series of specimens, will recognize more 
than one form in the Nyanza region. I have been able to find only 
one character on which to justify the separation of the two subspecies, 
the slightly larger molar teeth of nubilans. This difference is pro- 
nounced when comparison is made between rubescens and specimens 
of nubilans from Kisumu, but much less so if specimens of the latter 
from Kaimosi are used. 

Heller found five embryos in a female collected at Kaimosi 
January 23. 





1 Recorded by Wroughton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 461. October, 1911. 


130 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


ARVICANTHIS ABYSSINICUS NAIROB4 Allen. 


1909. Arvicanthis nairobe ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 26, p. 168, 
March 19. (Nairobi, British East Africa; type in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
New York.) 


1909. Arvicanthis abyssinicus nairobe Wroucuton, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 537. December. 

1910. Arvicanthis abyssinicus nairobe RoosEvett, African Game Trails, Amer. 
ed., pp. 473 and 478; London ed., pp. 485 and 490. 

Specimens.—Kighty-seven, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Engare Narok River, 7 (Loring); Fort 
Hall, 14, including 2 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns); Juja Farm, 44, 
including 3 in alcohol and 8 odd skulls (Loring, Mearns); Lake 
Naivasha, south end, 4 (Loring, Mearns); Nairobi, 1 (Mearns); 
Nyeri, 1 (Loring); Ulukenia Hills, 16, including 6 in alcohol (Loring). 

Specimens collected near the south end of Lake Naivasha are 
practically indistinguishable from the Nairobi and Juja Farm 
skins. The range of nairobe extends also west to the Engare Narok 
River, thus separating in this region the subspecies preceps and 
pallescens, on the north and south. Lénnberg' has recorded, on 
Dollman’s identification of a specimen, .Arvicanthis abyssunicus 
preceps from Fort Hall. Specimens in our excellent series from Fort 
Hall are in every way similar to nairobe rather than to preceps, and 
the record of preceps from Fort Hall, based on a single specimen, is 
doubtless erroneous. 

Loring found two females at Juja Farm, May 16, with six fetuses 
each. Mearns records from the same locality one female with six 
large fetuses, May 23, and one with three fetuses, May 24. 

Roosevelt and Heller say of this species:” 

The commonest mouse in B. E. A. on the plains. Outnumbers any other species. 
Found everywhere in grass and brush, but not in deep forest. Often lives in shallow 
burrows round the bases of thorn-trees, from which its well-marked runways radiate 


into the grass. Strictly diurnal. Often seen running about in bright sunlight. Never 
found in traps at night. 


ARVICANTHIS ABYSSINICUS PRAICEPS Wroughton. 


1909. Arvicanthis abyssinicus preceps WroucuTon, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 538. December. (Naivasha, British East Africa; type 
in British Museum.) 


Specimens.—Seven, from the following localities: 
Britisu East Arrica: Mayo River, Laikipia, 3 (Heller); Naivasha 
Station, 4, including 1 in alcohol and 1 odd skull (Loring, Mearns). 


ARVICANTHIS ABYSSINICUS PALLESCENS Doliman. 


1914. Arvicanthis rumruti pallescens Dottman, Abstract Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 
No. 131, p. 25. April 14. (Loita Plains, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 


1 Kungl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 48, No. 5, p. 99. 1912. 
2 African Game Trails, Appendix b, p. 478. 1910. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 131 


Specimens.—Forty-seven, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Loita Plains, 1 (Heller); Njoro Osolali, 1 
(Loring); Sotik, 4 in alcohol (Heller); Southern Guaso Nyiro River, 
41, including 21 in alcohol (Loring, Heller, Mearns). 

Loring found one female with three fetuses, and two with five 
fetuses each, on the Southern Guaso Nyiro, June 15. 


ARVICANTHIS ABYSSINICUS VIRESCENS Heller. 
Plate 36. 


1914. Arvicanthis abyssinicus virescens Heiter, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 63, 
No. 7, p. 11. June 24. (Voi, British East Africa; type in U. S. Nat. 
Mus.) 
Specimen.—One, the type: 
Britiso East Arrica: Voi (Heller). 

Dollman, in his synopsis of the forms of this group,’ included 
specimens from Voi with Arvicanthis abyssinicus neumanni Matschie, 
described from Burunge, Irangi, south of Mount Kilimanjaro. Heller 
examined the type of newmanni in the Berlin Museum, before de- 
scribing virescens, and made the following manuscript notes on it: 

Type A 5593, ¢ young. Burungi, G. E. A., coll. O. Neumann; alcoholic; skull 
removed, but not cleaned. Head and body, 93; tail, 90; hind foot, 24; ear, 15. 
Immature, teeth not worn. Color buffy, without much annulation of darker color; 
underparts whitish; feet and tail buffy like sides. Skull: condyloincisive length, 


26.5; basilar length, 22.5; zygomatic breadth, 15.0; nasals, 9.5 x 3.5; interorbital 
width, 4.8; upper tooth row, 5.4; diastema, 7.1. 


ARVICANTHIS ABYSSINICUS CHANLERI Dollman. 

1911. Arvicanthis chanleri Dottman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 
130. July. (Chanler Falls, Northern Guaso Nyiro, British East Africa; 
type in British Museum). 

Specimens.—Thirty-one, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Engare Ndare River, Northern Guaso 
Nyiro, 1 (Heller); Mount Lololokwi, 29, including 1 in alcohol 
(Heller); North Loroghi Mountains, 1 (Percival). 

This subspecies was trapped on Mount Lololokwi in the upper 
forest, near the summit, at 6000 feet altitude. It is clearly a sub- 
species of abyssinicus, and is rather closely related to A. a. nairobe. 
Heller found a specimen of this animal in the stomach of a secretary- 
bird on Mount Lololokwi. 


ARVICANTHIS SOMALICUS REPTANS Dollman. 


1911. Arvicanthis reptans DottMaAN, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 
129. July. (Nyama Nyango, Northern Guaso Nyiro, British East 
Africa; type in British Mus.) 

1912. Arvicanthis somalicus reptans LONNBERG, Kungl. Svenska. Vet. Akad. 
Handl., vol. 48, No. 5, p. 99. 





1 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, pp. 348-349. September, 1911. 


BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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64952—19—Bull. 99, pt 2——10 


136 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Specimens.—Thirty-four, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Archer’s Post, 6, including 1 in alcohol 
(Heller); Isiola River, 7, including 2 in alcohol (Heller); Lakiundu 
River, 14, including 1 in alcohol (Heller); Lorian Swamp, 2 (Percival) ; 
Mount Lololokwi, 1 (Heller); Northern Guaso Nyiro River, 1 in 
alcohol (Cuninghame); Orr Valley, Mount Nyiro, 2 (Percival); 
South of Mount Nyiro, 1 (Percival). 

This small species is found in the same localities with the much 
larger Arvicanthis abyssinicus chanleri, but the difference in the size 
of the skulls is so great that there should be no confusion in deter- 
mining specimens. 


Genus LEMNISCOMYS Trouessart. 


1881. Lemniscomys Trovessanrt, Bull. Soc. Scient. Angers, vol. 10, pt. 2, p. 124. 
(L. barbarus.) 

1912. Lemniscomys HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59. No. 16, pp. 11-12. 
July 5. (Part.) 

1916. Lemniscomys Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 18, pp. 68-69. 
July. 

This genus of striped grass rats as recognized by Thomas includes 
those species of the old genus Arvicanthis which have the fifth finger 
much shortened, with a nail instead of a claw. The East African 
species belong to three distinct groups. The griselda (dorsalis) group 
includes forms distinctly marked by a single median dorsal stripe- 
The forms of the striatus (pulchellus) group are marked by numerous 
rows of light spots, frequently blended. In the last group, including 
subspecies of barbarus, there are numerous uninterrupted lines run- 
ning lengthwise over the entire upperparts. 


LEMNISCOMYS GRISELDA MACULOSUS (Osgood). 


1910. Arvicanthis dorsalis maculosus Oscoop, Field Mus. Zool. ser., vol. 10, No. 3, 
p.17. April 7. (Voi, British East Africa; type in Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 
Chicago.) 

1910. Arvicanthis dorsalis maculosus RoosEvEtt, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., 
p. 473; London, ed., p. 485. 

1910. Arvicanthis dorsalis pheotis THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 
6, p. 429. October. (Mazeras, British East Africa; type in British 
Museum.) 


Specitmens.—Twenty-seven, from the following localities:. 

British East Arrica: Changamwe, 15, including 8 in alcohol 
(Mearns); Maji-ya-chumvi, 2 (Heller); Mount Mbololo, 5 (Heller) ; 
Mount Sagalla, 3 (Heller); Mtoto Andei, 2 (Heller). 

The differences given by Thomas in separating the Mazeras sub- 
species from maculosus prove to be too slight and too inconstant to 
warrant the recognition of a form from this region. The grayest 
specimens in our coast series are all rather young animals with the 


137 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM, 


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138 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


teeth little worn, and all of the specimens from Taita Hills are much 
older, with the teeth showing more wear. There are several speci- 
mens from Changamwe and from the Taita Hills which are virtually 
indistinguishable in color. The color of the ears is alike in both series. 

For the use of the specific name griselda in place of dorsalis, see 
a paper in 1916 by Thomas. 

Measurements of specimens of the subspecies of Lemniscomys 
griselda are given on page 137. 


LEMNISCOMYS GRISELDA MEARNSI Heller. 


1914. Lemniscomys dorsalis mearnsi HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 63, 
No.7, p.12. June 24. (Fort Hall, British East Africa; type in U. S. Nat. 
Mus.). 


Specimens.—Three, as follows: 

British Hast Arrica: Fort Hall (Loring). 

This is a well marked subspecies, distinguished from L. g. maculosus 
by its much richer color. The skull measurements given in the 
original description are very misleading as they were taken from a 
skull of the much larger Arvicanthis abyssinicus nairobe (U.S. N. M., 
163601, from Nyeri), mismatched with the skin of dorsalis from Fort 
Hall which was selected by Heller as the type-specimen of mearnsi. 
The original field label on the skull plainly corrects the obvious error, 
but the skull really belonging with the type skin can not be found. 
Measurements of the skulls of two male topotypes are given in the 
table on page 137. 


LEMNISCOMYS MACCULUS MACCULUS (Thomas and Wroughton). 


1910. Arvicanthis macculus THomMAs AND WrovucGutTon, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 
vol. 19, p. 515. March. (Mokia, 8S. E. Ruwenzori, Uganda; type in 
British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Ten, from the following localities: 

Lavo: Rhino Camp, 2 (Loring). 

Ueanpva: Gondokoro, 1 (Loring); Kabula Muliro, 2, including 1 in 
alcohol (Loring) ; Kisingo, 2 (Loring) ; Nimule, 1 in alcohol (Heller). 

British East Arrica: Nzoia River, Guas Ngishu Plateau, 2, 
including 1 in alcohol (Heller). 

This species, which apparently differs from Lemniscomys striatus 
massaicus only in its smaller size, has a wide distribution in the north- 
ern Victoria Nyanza region; but although there are large series of 
Lemniscomys in the collection from British East Africa, no specimens 
of macculus appear from east of the Nzoia River, Guas Ngishu 
Plateau. It would therefore seem that macculus is essentially a 
species of central Africa. Throughout its range it is found associated 
with massaicus, and as the two species are of exactly the same color, 
each exhibiting the same wide variations in this character, it is 
readily separated only by the small size of the hind foot and by the 


1 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 18, p. 69. July, 1916. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 139 


smaller skull. My first idea was to consider these small specimens 
merely dwarfs of the larger species, massaicus, but from the fact that 
no specimens exactly intermediate in size between the two are found 
among adult examples, and taking into consideration the restricted 
range of the smaller animal while the larger form in some of its sub- 
species ranges across the whole continent, I am forced to the theory that 
macculus is a distinct species. Mr. Thomas has recorded the two 
species from the same localities, and has named a subspecies of 
macculus from the Welle area, Congo,! a region where the larger 
species is abundant. The specimens from Rhino Camp, Lado, might, 
theoretically, be supposed the same as the Welle River form, but I 
am unable to distinguish them from the Uganda examples of macculus. 
In describing his Arvicanthis pulchellus micropus from Lado, Heller? 
apparently meant to name this small form, but in selecting his type- 
specimen he chanced to take an example of the larger species, which 
I am unable to distinguish from Lemniscomys siriatus massaicus. The 
hind foot measurement of his type as given in the original description 
is erroneous. It is stated to be 23 millimeters, but the foot actually 
measures, dry and without claws, 24.5, while the collector’s field 
measurement with claws was 27 millimeters. The hind foot in speci- 
mens I refer to macculus measures, dry, from 21 to 23 millimeters. 
Five of the specimens referred by Heller to micropus, including the 
single skin from Gondokoro, I have placed under macculus. 
For measurements of specimens see page 140. 


LEMNISCOMYS STRIATUS MASSAICUS (Pagenstecher). 
Plate 36. 

1885. Mus (Lemniscomys) barbarus L. var. massaicus PAGENSTECHER, Jahrb. 
Hamb. Wiss. Anst., vol. 2, p. 45; Nat. Mus. Hamburg Ber., 1884, p. 45. 
(Lake Naivasha, British East Africa.) 

1910. Arvicanthis pulchellus massaicus RoosEveEtt, African Game Trails, Amer. 
ed., pp. 473, 478 (‘‘masaicus’’); London ed., pp. 485, 490 (‘‘masaicus’’). 

1911. Arvicanthis pulchellus micropus HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, 
No. 17, p. 9. February 28. (Rhino Camp, Lado; type in U. S. Nat. 
Mus.) 

1912. Lemniscomys pulchellus spermophilus HEtLeR, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 
vol. 59, No. 16, p. 11. July 5. (Mt. Gargues, Mathews Range, British 
East Africa; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 


Specimens.—One hundred and three, from the following localities: 

Lavo: Rhino Camp, 19, including 2 in alcohol and 7 odd skulls. 

Ueanpna: Hoima, 2, including 1 in alcohol (Loring); Kampala, 1 
(Loring); Kisingo, 3, including 2 in alcohol (Loring); Ledgus, 1 in 
alcohol (Loring). 

British East Arrica: Engare Narok River, 7, including 2 in 
alcohol (Loring); Engare Ndare River, 1 (Heller); Guas Ngishu 


1 Arvicanthis macculus akka, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. ©, vol. 16, p. 479. Dec., 1915. 
2 Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 56, No.17, p.9. Feb. 28, 1911. 


BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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142 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Boma, 1 (Heller); Isiola River, 1 (Heller); Kaimosi, 19, including 6 
in alcohol (Heller); Kakumega, 2 (Heller); Kibabe, Nandi Hills, 
Kisumu, 1 (Heller); Kisumu, 1 (Heller); Lake Naivasha, 12, in- 
cluding 2 in alcohol (Loring); Lukosa River, 3 (Heller); Mission, 
Kisumu, 1 (Heller); Mount Gargues, 13, including 1 in alcohol 
(Heller); Mount Kenia, west slope at 7,000 feet, 1 in alcohol (Heller) ; 
Naivasha Station, 10 (Loring, Mearns); Oljoro O Nyon River, 3 
(Loring, Heller); Telek River, Sotik, 1 (Heller). 

As will be noted from the above list of localities, this species has 
an extraordinarily extensive range in East Africa, much larger than 
most species of small mammals known from the region. While 
there is considerable variation in color and size it does not seem to 
have geographical significance, and I am unable to divide the form 
in any satisfactory way. The specimens from the vicinity of Kavi- 
rondo Gulf average darker than any other large lot but the difference 
after all is slight. The specimens from Lado, including the type of 
Lemniscomys pulchellus micropus (Heller) are perhaps - slightly 
lighter in color than the average run of specimens from British East 
Africa, but they can be matched almost exactly by skins in the 
Naivasha series (type locality of massaicus) and the difference is 
entirely too little to recognize as of subspecific value. It may, as a 
matter of fact, be seasonal, as the Lado series was collected in Jan- 
uary, while most of the East African material was taken at other 
seasons. The Mount Gargues series, allowing for the particularly 
fresh condition of pelage, is certainly indistinguishable from typical 
massaicus. The species seems to be one of very constant average 
coloration. Thomas, in writing of specimens of striatus from the 
Upper Congo, has said: 

Allowing for their variation in color according to freshness of fur, there seems 
remarkably little difference between these specimens and the E.-African A. massaicus, 
on the one hand, and true W.-African A. striatus, including A. pulchellus, on the 
other. 

I can only distinguish our West African material by its slightly 
richer color, and specimens from Liberia and Cameroons are, as Mr. 
Thomas states, remarkably like the skins from British East Africa. 

As shown in the tables of measurements, there is virtually no 
difference in size between specimens from all parts of the range. 
Additional measurements of the hind foot in large series of mas- 
saicus, give the following averages: Lado and Uganda, 25.2 milli- 
meters; British East Africa, excepting Mount Gargues, 26.1; Mount 
Gargues, 25.7. These measurements were taken without claws, 
from the dry skin. The measurement of the hind foot of the type 
specimen of ‘‘micropus,” as printed in the original description is erro- 
neous. It is there given as 23 millimeters, but the foot dry without 
claws actually measures 24.5, and the collector’s field measurement, 
with claws, is 27 millimeters. 


143 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





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144 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Breeding records are furnished by the following collector’s notes on 
embryos, taken from specimens prepared: Isiola River, June 30, 
four embryos; Kaimosi, January 24, two embryos; Kakumega, 
February 17, two embryos; Lake Naivasha, July 13, three embryos; 
Lake Naivasha, July 17, four embryos. 

For measurements of specimens of this and the following sub- 
species of Lemniscomys striatus see pages 140-141. 

LEMNISCOMYS STRIATUS ARDENS (Thomas). 
1892. Mus barbarus True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 460. (Not of 
Linnzus. ) 
1910. Arvicanthis pulchellus ardens THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 6, p. 313. September. (Rombo, Mount Kilimanjaro, German 
East Africa; type in British Museum.) 


Specimens.—Fifty-two, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Fort Hall, 13, including 3 in alcohol 
(Loring, Mearns); Juja Farm, 3, including 2 in alcohol (Loring); 
Kamiti, Athi Palins, 7, including 2 in alcohol (Loring); Nairobi, 1 
(Mearns); Nyeri, 1 (Loring); Saba Saba, 2, including 1 in alcohol 
(Loring); Taveta, 1 in alcohol (Abbott); Thika River, 6, including 
3 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns); Ulukenia Hills, 1 (Loring); Wam- 
bugu, 11, including 4 in alcohol (Loring). 

GerMaN East Arrica: Mount Kilimanjaro, 6, including 4 in 


alcohol (Abbott). 
This geographical race is separated from true massaicus by the 


more reddish average coloration. While many examples of each 
race are indistinguishable, the lots as a whole are of quite different 
color. The richest colored examples are from Wambugu and Fort 
Hall. There is a great range of individual variation in the intensity 
of the reddish suffusion. 
LEMNISCOMYS BARBARUS ZEBRA (Heuglin). 
1864. Mus zebra Heucuin, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop., vol. 31, Abhandl., No. 
vii, p. 10. (‘‘Lande der Req-Neger, Djur und Bongo,” Sudan.) 
Specimens.—Twenty, from localities as follows: 
Lavo: Rhino Camp, 17, including 5 in alcohol (Loring). 
Uaanpba: Gondokoro, 2, including 1 in alcohol (Loring); Nimule, 
1 in alcohol (Heller). 
For measurements of specimens of this and other subspecies of 
Lemniscomys barbarus see page 143. 
LEMNISCOMYS BARBARUS ALBOLINEATUS (Osgood). 
1910. Arvicanthis barbarus albolineatus Oscoop, Field Mus. Zool. ser., vol. 10, No. 
2,p.11. February. (Ulukenia Hills [Lukenya Mountain], British East 
Africa; type in Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago.) 
1910. Arvicanthis barbarus albolineatus Roosrve.t, African Game Trails, Amer. 
ed., p. 473; London ed., p. 485. 


Specimen.—One topotype: 
Britis East Arrica: Ulukenia Hills, Athi Plains (Loring). 


145 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM, 


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146 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


LEMNISCOMYS BARBARUS CONVICTUS (Osgood). 
1910. Arvicanthis barbarus convictus Oscoon, Field Mus. Zool. ser., vol. 10, No. 
2,p.10. February. (Voi, British East Africa; type in Field Mus. Nat. 
Hist., Chicago.) 
Specimens.—Five, including 1 in alcohol, as follows: 
British East Arrica: Mtoto Andei (Heller). 


Genus RHABDOMYS Thomas. 
1916. Rhabdomys THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 18, p.69. July. 
(R. pumilio.) 

The group of species of the old genus Arvicanthis including pumilio 
and its allies has been recognized by Thomas as a distinct genus. 
The forms all have four dark stripes on the back and a normal fifth 
finger with claw. 

RHABDOMYS PUMILIO DIMINUTUS (Thomas). 

1892. Isomys pumilio diminutus THomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1892, p. 551. 
(Mianzini, east of Lake Naivasha, British East Africa; type in British 
Museum.) 

1910. Arvicanthis pumilio diminutus Roosrvett, African Game Trails, Amer. 
ed., pp. 473 and 479; London ed., pp. 485 and 490. 

Specimens.—Eighty-seven, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, 7, including 1 in 
alcohol (Heller); Guas Ngishu Plateau, 30 miles north of Ravine, 5, 
including 2 in alcohol (Heller); Laikipia, 1 in alcohol (Heller); 
Mount Kenia, 19, including 4 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns); Naivasha 
Station, 28, including 2 in alcohol (Loring); Nyeri, 27, including 4 
in alcohol (Loring). 

Loring found two females each with five large fetuses at Nyeri, 
September 16; and one at the same place, September 17, with three 
fetuses. Most of the Mount Kenia specimens are from the West 
Kenia Forest Station at 7,500 feet altitude, but Doctor Mearns 
caught one specimen at 10,000 feet on Kenia, and Heller found the 
species common on the summit of the Aberdare Range. Specimens 
from Nyeri and Mount Kenia average slightly more reddish than the 
Naivasha skins, but the difference is insignificant and may be sea- 
sonal, as the Naivasha specimens were collected in July and early 
August while the Kenia material was taken in September and Octo- 
ber. For measurements see page 145. 


Genus OTOMYS Cuvier. 


1823. Otomys Cuvier, Dents Mamm., p. 168. (0. irroratus.) 

1831. Otomis BonNAapaRTE, Giorn. Arcad. di Sci. Lett. Art., Roma, vol. 53, p. 193. 

1918. Otomys Tuomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 2, p. 207. Sep- 
tember. (Revision of superspecific groups.) 


In listing the swamp rats in the collection I have followed the ar- 
rangement of Dollman,! which seems quite satisfactory so far as our 





1 On the Swamp-Rats (Otomys) of East Africa, Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.8, vol. 15, pp. 149-170. 
January, 1915. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 147 


material is concerned. In cases where alcoholic specimens are from 
localities represented by good series of skins and skulUs, it has seemed 
unnecessary to remove the skulls. Such specimens have been iden- 
tified with the series of skins and skulls taken by the same collector 
at the same time and place. 

For measurements of specimens of the swamp rats of the genus 
Otomys see table, pages 150-151. 

OTOMYS THOMAS! THOMASI Osgood. 


1910. Otomys thomasi Osaoon, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. ser., vol. 10, No. 2, 
p.9. February. (Molo, British East Africa; type in Field Mus., Chicago.) 


Specimen.—One, as follows: 
British East Arrica: Guas Ngishu Plateau, 20 miles north of 
Ravine (Heller). 


OTOMYS THOMASI SQUALUS Dollman. 
1915. Otomys thomasi squalus Dottman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 15, 
p. 155. January. (Mount Kinangop, Aberdare Range, British East 
Africa, 12,000 feet; type in British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Twenty-one, including seven in alcohol, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, summit, 10,500 to 
11,000 feet (Heller). f 

Two females collected on October 11 contained one large embryo 


each. 
OTOMYS ORESTES Thomas. 


1900. Otomys irroratus orestes THomaAs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, p. 175. 
(Teleki Valley, Mount Kenia, at 13,000 feet, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 

1910. Otomys irroratus orestes RoosrveEtt, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 
472; London ed., p. 484. 

Specimens.—Sixteen, as follows: 

British East Arrica: Mount Kenia (Loring, Mearns). 

These specimens were trapped on the western side of the mountain 
at altitudes of 10,700, 13,500, and 13,700 feet. The last upper molar 
has six lamin in all specimens except one (No. 164329) in which there 
are distinctly seven, the last very small. This specimen is unques- 
tionably orestes, however, as it agrees with the other specimens of the 
series in color, size, and the peculiar arched appearance of the skull, 
as opposed to QO. tropicalis. It is the most aged specimen in the 


series. 
OTOMYS DOLLMANI Heller. 


Plate 37. 
1912. Otomys orestes dollmani HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, 
p. 5. July 5. (Mount Gargues, Mathews Range, British East Africa, 
7,000 feet; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 
Specimens.—Seven, including one odd skull, as follows: 
Britisa East Arrica: North Creek, Mount Gargues, at 6,000 feet 
(Heller) 1 


1 Stated 7,000 feet in original description but specimens are all labeled 6,000 feet. 








148 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


This form while agreeing with Otomys orestes of Mount Kenia in 
having only six lamine in the last upper molar differs so greatly in 
other characters that it should not be considered a subspecies of 
orestes unless actual intergrading specimens are found. It is much 
darker in color, has a considerably longer tail, and the skull lacks 
almost entirely any appearance of the highly arched interorbital 
region or wide spreading zygomata of orestes. The skull is in fact 
almost exactly like skulls of the tropicalis group except for small 
size and the lamina formula. 


OTOMYS TROPICALIS TROPICALIS Thomas. 


1902. Otomys irroratus tropicalis THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 
vol. 10, p. 314. October. (Western slope of Mount Kenia, 10,000 feet, 
British East Africa; type in British Mus.) 

Specimens.—One hundred and six, including 43 in alcohol, as 
follows: 

Britisu East Arrica: Mount Kenia, west slope (Loring, Mearns). 

These specimens were collected at altitudes ranging from 7,500 feet 
up to 13,700 feet. 

About half a dozen specimens from this large series have cight 
laminz in the last upper molars; the additional lamina small and 
subcircular. There is considerable variation in specimens of the 
swamp rat which I have here placed under tropicalis, but I have been 
unable to sort the material out into two forms. I have mistrusted 
at times during work on the genus that there is a form represented 
in the Kenia material which is related to Otomys thomasi squalus of 
the Aberdare range. In the Aberdares the two groups, thomasi and 
tropicalis, are perfectly distinct and easily separated, however, a 
condition which does not exist on Kenia unless I have been confused 
by mismatched skulls in the Kenia collection. 

Mearns records the color of the iris in O. tropicalis as hazel brown 
and the mamme as two pairs, inguinal, close together. 

OTOMYS TROPICALIS ELGONIS Wroughton. 

1910. Otomys irroratus elgonis WroucuTon, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 5, p. 207. February. (Elgonyi, Mt. Elgon, British East Africa; 
type in British Museum.) 

Specimens.—Fifty, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Aberdare Mountains, summit at 11,000 
feet, 4 (Heller); Changongorra, Aberdare Mountains, 5 (Heller); 
Eldoma Ravine, 12 miles north of Ravine Station, 8, including 7 
in alcohol (Heller); Guas Ngishu Plateau, 30 miles north of Ravine, 4 
(Heller); Kaimosi, 17, including 2 in alcohol (Heller); Kakumega, 
1 (Heller) ; Mount Kenia, west side at 7,000 feet, 1 (Heller); Naivasha 
Plains, base of Aberdare Mountains, 1 (Heller); Nyeri, 10 miles east, 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 149 


1 (Heller); Nzoia River, Guas Ngishu Plateau, 8, including 4 in 
alcohol, (Heller). 

The range of this dark form meets that of typical tropicalis on the 
lower levels of Mount Kenia. A specimen from 7,000 feet on the west 
side of the mountain is clearly referable to elyonis, while skins from 
7,500 feet are placed with tropicalis. Specimens from the summit 
of the Aberdares are slightly less richly colored than are skins from 
lower down, but otherwise the series is remarkably uniform in its 
deep coloration, and skins from the Kakumega and Kaimosi regions 
are not distinguishable in color from skins collected at the eastern 
base of the Aberdares. Kaimosi specimens average slightly smaller 
than specimens from other parts of the range of the form. 

A female collected at Kaimosi, January 27, contained one embryo; 
one collected at Changongorra, October 10, two embryos; and one 
from the same locality at the same time, one large embryo. 


OTOMYS ANGONIENSIS ELASSODON Osgood. 


1892. Otomys irroratus TRUE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15,ep. 464. (Not of 
Brants.) 

1910. Otomys angoniensis elassodon Oscoop, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. ser., 
vol. 10, No. 2, p. 10. February. (Naivasha, British East Africa; type 
in Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago.) 


Specimens.—Twenty-two, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Lake Naivasha, 1 (Loring); Mayo River, 
Laikipia, 15 miles north of Nyeri, 3, including 2 in alcohol (Heller); 
Nairobi, 1 in alcohol (Mearns); Naivasha Station, 10, including 2 
in alcohol (Loring); Northern Guaso Nyiro River, 1 in alcohol (Cun- 
inghame); Nvyeri, 2 (Loring). 

GrerMAN East Arrica: Mount Kilimanjaro, 4 (Abbott). 

Kilimanjaro specimens seem inseparable from specimens collected 
at Naivasha. The alcoholic specimens from Nairobi and from the 
Northern Guaso Nyiro River are both young and not determinable 
with certainty, but appear to belong to this form, which has been 
recorded from these localities. 


OTOMYS NYIK CANESCENS Osgood. 


1910. Otomys nyikx canescens Oscoop, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. ser., vol. 10, 
No. 2, p. 10. February. (Kijabe, British East Africa; type in Field 
Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago.) 


Specumens.—Sixteen, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Engare Narok River, 8 (Loring, Heller); 
Engare Ndare River, 2 (Heller); Njoro O Nyiro River, 1( Heller); 
Southern Guaso Nyiro River, 2, including 1 in alcohol (Loring); 
Ulukenia Hills, 3, including 1 in alcohol (Loring). 

Heller records three embryos in a female collected at the Engare 
Ndare River, June 29. 


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152 | BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Family GRAPHIURIDZ. 
Genus GRAPHIURUS Smuts. 


1832. Graphiurus Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Capensium, p. 32. (G. capensis=G. 
ocularis.) 

Two distinct species-groups of dormice are found in the collections 
from eastern equatorial Africa, and are readily distinguishable by 
size of skull. The larger forms appear to be subspecies of the South 
African Graphiurus murimus and the smaller forms ail closely resemble 
Graphiurus parvus. 

GRAPHIURUS MURINUS GRISEUS Allen. 
Plate 37. 

1912. Graphiurus microtis griseus G. M. ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 54, 
p- 440. April. (Northern Guaso Nyiro River, British East Africd; type 
in Mus. Comp. Zoél. at Harvard.) 

1912. Graphiurus murinus johnstont HettER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, 


No. 16, p. 2. July 5. (Mount Gargues, Mathews Range, British East 
Africa; type in U. S. Nat. Mus. Not Graphiurus johnstoni Thomas, 1897.) 


Specomens.—Twelve, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Burgunett River, Meru Road, 1 (Heller); 
Isiola River, 3 (Heller); Lesiweru River, Meru Road, 1 (Heller); 
Mount Gargues, 3 (Heller); Mount Lololokwi, 3 (Heller); Nyuki 
River, 1 in alcohol (Heller). 

This form of Graphiurus murinus is very much like G. m. saturatus, 
but is grayer in color. The specimen from Lesiweru River is dis- 
tinctly intermediate between griseus and raptor; it has the skull and 
large auditory bulle of griseus with the color of the Kenia sub- 
species. Through the kindness of the authorities of the Museum of 
Comparative Zodlogy I have been able to borrow the type-specimen 
of Graphiurus microtis griseus Allen, and thus by actual comparison to 
prove the identity of this form with Heller’s ‘‘Graphiurus murinus 
qohnstont,”’ the name of which was already preoccupied by the Gra- 
phiurus johnstoni of Thomas. 


GRAPHIURUS MURINUS RAPTOR Dollman. 


1910. Graphiurus raptor Dottman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 5, p. 
96. January. (West slope of Mount Kenia, British East Africa, at 11,000 
feet; type in British Museum.) 

1910. Graphiurus raptor Rooseve.t, African Game Trails, Amer. ed. p. 472; 
London ed., p. 484. 

1914. Graphiurus sp. CocKERELL, Mm~tER, and Printz, Zool. Anz., vol. 44, p. 
435. June 23. 


Specumens.—Twenty-nine, as follows: 

Britisu Kast Arrica: West side of Mount Kenia at 8,500, 10,000 
and 10,700 feet, 29, including 1 in alcohol (Loring, Mearns). 

This high mountain subspecies is easily distinguished from the 
neighboring forms by its cmnamon gray coloration and small auditory 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 158 


bullz. Intergradation with Graphiurus murinus griseus is shown by 
specimens from Meru Road, listed under griseus, and doubtless takes 
place at various points on the lower slopes of the mountain. 


GRAPHIURUS MURINUS SATURATUS Dollman. 


1910. Graphiurus microtis saturatus Dottman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 5, p. 204. February. (South face of Mount Elgon, British East 
Africa, at 9,000 feet; type in British Museum.) 

1910. Graphiurus parvus Roosevett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 472, 
476; London ed., pp. 484, 488. (Part: reference to Sotik; not Graphiurus 
parvus of True.) 

Specumens.—Forty-three, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Engare Narok River, 1 (Loring); Kabalolot 
Hill, Sotik, 1 (Heller); Kaimosi, 21 (Heller); Kisumu, i (Heller) ; 
Lake Naivasha, south side, 1 (Mearns); Mount Kenia, west side at 
7,000 feet, 1 (Heller); Naivasha Station, 10 (Loring); Nzoia River, 
Guas Ngishu Plateau, 1 (Heller); Oljoro O Nyon River, 2 (Heller, 
Loring) ; Southern Guaso Nyiro River, 4 (Loring). 

This dark-colored subspecies of murinus has a wide range in western 
British East Africa. Specimens from the Southern Guaso Nyiro and 
Sotik seem indistinguishable from skins and skulls from Kaimosi 
and the Guas Ngishu Plateau. The specimen from the west side of 
Mount Kenia at 7,000 feet is in some respects peculiar and may rep- 
resent another race, still undescribed. It has a skull decidedly larger 
than the average for saturatus, with wider rostrum and higher brain- 
case. The coloration is hardly matched in the series of saturatus and 
is especially dark and rich on the underparts. The auditory bulle 
are large. The specimen is clearly best referred to saturatus, rather 
than to raptor or griseus, and Dollman has already recorded saturatus 
from this vicinity. No specimen in our large series of saturatus, or 
indeed of any other East African form of Graphiurus, approaches it 
in the dimensions of the skull. 


GRAPHIURUS MURINUS ISOLATUS Heller. 


1892. Eliomys murinus Truex, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 459. (Not of 
Desmarest.) 

1912. Graphiurus murinus isolatus HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 
16, p. 3. July 5. (Mount Umengo, Taita Mountains, British East 
Africa; type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Nineteen, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Mount Mbololo, 5 (Heller); Mount Umengo, 
11, including 1 in alcohol (Heller). 

GERMAN Hast Arrica: Mount Kilimanjaro, 3 (Abbott). 

This dark colored subspecies resembles G. m. saturatus externally, 
but the skull is easily separated from skulls of saturatus by the much 
smaller bull. On Mount Umengo Heller found three females preg- 
nant as follows: November 11, two embryos; November 12, three 
embryos; November 13, four embryos. Doctor Abbott obtained the 


154 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Kilimanjaro specimens at an altitude of 5000 feet. The label of one 
of his female skins has written on it the following notes: ‘‘Taken, with 
the male, from a nest containing four young ones; nest globular, about 
5 inches in diameter, with hole in side; situated in a bush 5 feet from 
ground. Nest made of grass and strips of banana fronds, lined with 
fine grass.” 

The four alcoholic specimens from Kilimanjaro listed by True in 
1892 ! can not now be found in the collection. 

GRAPHIURUS PARVUS PARVUS (True). 
Plate 37. 


1893. Eliomys parvus TRUE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, p. 601. October 25. 
(Tana River, between the coast and Hameye, British East Africa; type 
in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

1909. Hliomys parvus Lyon AND Osaoop, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 62, p. 159. 
January 28. 


Specimens.—Four, from the following localities: 

British East Arrica: Engare Ndare River, Northern Guaso 
Nyiro, 2 (Heller); Jambeni Mountains, 1 in alcohol, skull removed 
(Chanler); Tana River, 1 (Chanler and von Héhnel). 

The dormouse described by Dollman ? from Nyama Nyango, North- 
ern Guaso Nyiro, as Graphiurus brockmani internus, seems likely to 
prove inseparable from Graphiurus parvus parvus. 

GRAPHIURUS PARVUS DOLLMANI Osgood. 
1910. Graphiurus parvus dollmani Osaoop, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. ser., vol. 
10, No. 8, p. 15. April 7. (Ulukenia Hills, British East Africa; type 
in Field Mus. Nat. Hist.) 

Specimens.—Three, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Mount Mbololo, 1 (Heller); Mount Sagalla , 
2 (Heller). 

These specimens have been compared with the type of dollmani, 
lent by the authorities of the Field Museum, and seen inseparable. 
The skulls of dollmani are larger than skulls of typical parvus. The 
Sagalla specimens, both females, are marked on the labels as caught 
in the mud nest of a swallow on the under side of a large rock, in roof 
of a cave; each contained four embryos, November 18. 

GRAPHIURUS PERSONATUS Heller. 
Plate 38. 
1911. Graphiurus personatus HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, 
p. 2. February 28. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave; type in U. S. Nat. 
Mus.) 

Specimen.—One, the type, from— 

Lapo: Rhino Camp (Loring). 

This dormouse is closely related to G. parvus and will doubtless 
prove to be only a geographical race of that older-named form. 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 459. 1892. 
2 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, p. 318. March, 1912. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM, 


Measurements of adult specimens of Graphiurus. 


155 











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G. m. griseus. 

Mount Lololokwi....----- 182850 | Female.. 82 77 | 15.8 | 21.8 | 12.2] 12.1} 4.5) 3.1 

Mount Gargues......-.---- 1181787 | Male.... 92 80 | 16.8 | 25.3 | 14:.4112.9| 4.6! 3.3 
DY Oe Asai eerseeteiee ea race 182848 |...do..... 90 76 | 15.5 .6 | 14.51 12.9) 4.3) 3.0 
DO ee RU se cis 182849 | Female. . 88 74) 15.8 | 23.3] 14.0] 12.7] 4.3] 3.1 

TsiolapRiy eres assess =! 2 182882 | Male. ... 95 SON MSO Qos 4S 2o SLD OMe sone se. 
ST OE Re era SIU 182883 | Female. . 80 72) 15.6) |, 21.08 | 12.8 | 1254) 4.45), 8.1 

MeruliRoades ieee ee 182875 |...d0..... 96 70 | 16.3 | 28.8 | 14.3) 12.9| 4.6] 2.9 

Northern Guaso Nyiro...- 28244 | Male....| 82 USS RSE 24.8 | 14.7} 12.9) 4.6] 3.3 

G. m. raptor. 

Mountienia. 2-6 ne- 164254 | Male.. LOQH) 2 eet VAIS! DAL2" 14, 4 W296) 146 3238 
MD Om ee ee Rass eee 164260 |...do..... 89 77 | 16.84 24.1 | 14.4] 12.7] 4.4] 3. 
ID One eee te eres 164267 |...do.. 103 78 | 17.4 | 24.8} 14.5 | 183.3 | 4.8] 3.3 
DOu sat Sees ei eks 164272 |...do. 101 89 | 16.0 | 24.7 | 14.2 | 12.4] 4.6] 3.3 
DOe Sk susie Sesh scr 164274 |...do.. 104 uh 17.4 | 24.6 | 15.3 TSE2h eon vos 
1D Ye Ree Seeeee ao aer oe 164253 | Female 96 TEN IGS (alt Qoaia| kaso) bos4 | e450 | oo: 
DOA ee asatacm ae kee 164257) \=. <dOsca. = 95 89 | 16.4 | 24.2 | 14.1] 12.6} 4.5] 3.0 
DD Ou omc mcs scrsieep is 164258 |...do... 96 78 | 16.9 | 24.0] 13.7 | 12.5) 4.5] 3. 
Ooh eee eee ae 164268 |...do..... g6| 74 | 16.6 | 22.7) 13.1) 121] 4.7] 3.2 

G. m. saturatus. 

KGAIIN OSE sae eee sea 182859 | Male TOOR Ee 2 16.6 | 24.7 | 15.1 | 12.6} 4.5] 3.4 
DO ee tecince tee cuae ee 182862 |...do- 100 80 | 17.2 | 24.9 | 14.7} 12.8) 4.2] 3. 
I) ORE eee ene e le 182863 |...do. ODA Ram ee 1627'24.3' | 1522)| 1296.) 4.5: )' 3. 
11) AO A 182871 |...do.....| 90] 83 | 15.5 | 23.3] 144/126] 4.4] 3. 
DOSS asses canes 182872 | ss3d 02.5.2 90) |e asze 16.2 | 23.3 | 13.8 | 12.9| 4.6] 3. 
Dost 2stte seek. eelse 182866 | emale.. 92 Yee ats 16.4 | 23.5 | 14.0 | 13.1 4.3 | 3. 
DOs secede cok fase 182870 |...do...-.. 92 81) 15.5 123.5 | 14.3 | 12.7| 4.4] 3. 

INZOlasRIVeD-a-ses ee ss eee 164276))|5.-do:. 22: 85 80 | 16.1 2240, 13.0) |, Leo |4e4el\ie- 

IN@LVASH a a. cctyaass ose c as 162244 | Male.... 94 74 | 15.8 | 24.8) 14.4) 12.7) 4.7] 3. 
TG ANE ASE EY NUS 162243 | Female..| 95 |...... 16.4 | 24.4] 14.7|12.3| 4.4] 3. 

West side Kenia........-. 164275 | Male....| 105 |-....- 17.3 | 25.9 | 15.8 | 138.3 | 5.3 |. 3. 

Oljoro O Nyon........-.-- 162226 |...do.....| 95] 84 | 16.3 | 24.5|14.7|12.7) 4.5] 3. 
WD On coast sees 162228 | Female... 82) 22S HGUS QT TQS Zoe aan Se 

Engare Narok.....:---.-- 162933) |S dossalM Sahin en losoN| 22e2\lovon ales Ou esn (ea. 

Southern Guaso Nyiro....| 162232 | Male....| 89 60 | 15.4 | 23.7 | 14.4] 12.8) 4.3] 3. 
DO ws oe ccf cues 162229 | Female.. 91 70 | 14.4 | 23.0 | 14.38 | 12.5] 4.6) 3. 
DD OBEREE cance ee aeee 1E2230 nee Gore se 93 (OY | 1620) |P23529\ Wad Wa 2oe 4525) 3. 
Obs. Sasso ls ceels 1622300 sd olsen. 86 80 | 16.6 | 23.1 | 14.0] 12.6| 4.4) 3. 

Kiabaloloteille-= ooo. I8I734 S205 -5-1- Oe ileeseeis 16.3 | 24.0 |. 14.7 | 18.1] 4.8) 3. 

G. m. isolatus. 

Mount Mbololo.........-. 182836 | Male....| 100 |...--. 18.1 | JAN Sy 1502) W2585| 9458 | 3.7 
ID) Obs sao oek ee ecb ae 182837 | Female..| 100 Shapira se|eanOul dost aol oe 4.8] 3.7 
DOs sae cee ae eee sce 1S2838yie- doses 95 SQW Sean|PQALOn T4evrallioed tds 7 [0 3. 

Mount Umengo.....-. 182841 | Male....| 100)-....-. HON 25020 L5at | 12.90) 45.8 38. 
DOr cece ek 182843 |...do..... 95 82 | 18.0 | 24.3 | 14.7|12.8| 4.6] 3.5 
DO} EEE eee 1828459/4. doles. = 90 81 | 18.2 | 24.3 | 14.7] 18.1) 4.6] 3.5 
DOSS sc aeceeae sees 3181788 | Female..| 95] 90] 17.8}...... Ie 5aSulbosene 4.5} 3.6 
Deseo secon eee TS2R39" | domes 92 88 | 18.3 | DAES ASS Loe 4 Su|) con0 











1 Type of Graphiurus murinus johnstoni Heller. 
2 Type of Graphiurus microtis griseus Allen; Mus, Comp. Zool. at Harvard. 
3 Type of Graphiurus murinus isolatus Heller; measurements of skull from original description, skull 


now lost. 
































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156 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Measurements of adult specimens Graphiurus—Continued. 



































Saar NTRS CeE 1 UES AE Seg 

2 . |S alls a Sol 

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R 2 q od oa a o = q g 

Form and locality. = S w | ae! 2 3 8 6 = 

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Z a q a qa N = 4 p A 

G. m. isolatus—( ontd. 
Mount Umengo....-.....- 182840 | Female.| 92 82 | 17.4 | 23.3 | 14.38 | 12.5] 4.8] 3.6] 13.8 
DOF Sue aoe eee 182846 |...do..... 985) 5 s4- << 17.7 | 25st bo) 1229) || 458) 34 14.7 
DOS ajo se cet ese eee 182847 |...do..... 90 76 | 16.7 | 23.5 | 15.0} 12.8) 4.9] 3.5] 138.7 
: ‘ 1972 
Mount Kilimanjaro. -..... ae GOL 23)° (98M |b. Soa sles 25.5 | 15.2 | 12.6) 4.5] 3.3] 15.0 
G. p. parvus. 
Tana River 22.34. es82e0- 136056") Hemalels| 2 feee| casealee ces ALSO MLSs ON TON Sit eet |e tee, 
Jambeni Mountains.....-- 622444 |Peidoe eal: caveelincosee 13.'9) || ZOP4" | L249 TA Snes) Zee | Lee: 
Engare Ndare River...... 182877 |2 dose 75 63) | 13.5 | 21.2) 12.3) T17 y \en0 e226 | LL 
DQ tee cae Son Meese 182876 |...do..... 80 75. | 1359) |) 240) (12.7) 1156. |. B.Oeiy2sbuel2t 2: 
G. p. dollmani. 
WlakeniasHiliss:-peeseo2 216722) 2 dara ee 83 ¢7 | 14:8) | 2168" |°18.5 | 1220") 3829) 27 |" 1258: 
Mount Sagalla............ 182879 |...do..... 85 80 | 14.8 | 22.6 | 13.3 | 11.8! 4.0] 2.8] 13.0 
Dork se soe 182880 |...do..... 80 CO) | M402 ZT So2)) 12h | 4.0} 2.8] 138.0 
G. personatus. 
Rhino Camp, Lado....... 1164867 |...do..... 82 63) 14:.0)| 2053)) 1322) 12500) 4sOu 2s aia 
1 Type. 2 Type; Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago. 


Family PEDETIDA. 


Genus PEDETES Inliger. 
1811. Pedetes IxticER, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 81. (P. cafer.) 

The East African “jumping hare” is specifically distinct from 
Pedetes cafer of South Africa. The three well-marked forms known 
from British East Africa are local representatives of one species and 
all differ from cafer by having a very shallow depression in the anterior 
palatine region of the skull. The forms of this animal are doubtless 
very local in distribution. They are al! very much alike externally, 
but are easily separated by the characters of the skull. 

For measurements of specimens of Pedetes see pagel58. 


PEDETES SURDASTER SURDASTER Thomas. 
Plates 3, 4, 5. 

1902. Pedetes surdaster Toomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 9, p. 440. 
June. (Morendat, Naivasha Province, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 

1910. Pedetes surdaster RoosEvVELT, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 479, 
486; London ed., pp. 485, 490, 497. (Part; reference to Naivasha 
specimens. ) 

Specimens.—Fifty-three, including six odd skulls and seven 
fetuses, from: 

British East Arrica: Naivasha Station, 53 (Loring, Mearns, T- 
Roosevelt.) 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. ea 


The excellent series of 40 perfect skins and skulls of this form well 
illustrates the uniformity of specimens taken in one vicinity. The 
type locality of the species, Morendat, is given on the map prepared 
by the Public Works Department as about 10 miles west of Naivasha 
Station and these specimens are therefore virtual topotypes and 
possibly came from the actual type colony. All pregnant females 
contained a single fetus each. 

Loring’s interesting notes on this animal, from Appendix C, 
Roosevelt’s African Game Trails, say: 


Very common at Naivasha station where their burrows were numerous on a sandy 
flat practically in the town, and many were taken within a hundred yards of the 
station. They are nocturnal, although one instance came under my observation 
where a springhaas was seen on a dark day to run from one bu row to another. By 
hunting ‘hem on dark nights with the aid of an acetylene light we were able to secure 
a good series of skins. When the light was flashed on them, their eyes shone like balls 
of fire the size of a penny, and it was not uncommon to see from two to five and six 
within the radius of the light at one time. They were usually flashed at a distance of 
about a hundred yards, and as the light drew near they would watch it, frequently 
bobbing up and down. Often they hopped away to right or to left, but very seldom 
did their fright carry them into their burrows unless a shot was fired; in fact even then 
we sometimes followed up one of their companions and secured it. Some allowed us to 
approach within 10 feet before moving, and then off they would go in great bounds, 
but I was never able in the dim light to see whether or not their tails aided them in 
Jumping. I once shot a fox [Otocyon] from a cluster of eyes that I am positive were 
those of springhaas; this together with the fact that the stomachs of all the foxes killed 
contained termites and insects, leads me to believe that these two animals are more or 
less congenial. Doctor Mearns saw a springhaas sitting with its tail curled around to 
one side of its body, similar to the position often assumed by a house cat. 


PEDETES SURDASTER CURRAX Hollister. 
Plates 39, 40. 
1918. Pedetes surdaster currax HotuisteR, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 68, No 10, 
p. 3. January 16. (Kabalolot Hill, Sotik, British East Africa; type in 
U.S. Nat Mus.) 

Specimen.—One, the type— 

British East Arrica: Kabalolot Hill (Heller). 

This is a pale form of surdaster with a long tail and with a greater 
mastoid development in the skull than is found in the other East 
African races of the ‘‘jumping hare.’’ The single specimen was col- 
lected by the Rainey Expedition in 1911. 

PEDETES SURDASTER LARVALIS Hollister. 
Plates 3, 4, 5. 


1910. Pedetes surdaster Roosrvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., p. 486; 
London ed., p. 497. (Part; reference to Ulukenia Hills.) 

1918. Pedetes surdaster larvalis Houuister, Smithsonian M sc. Coll. vol. 68, No. 
10, p. 2. January 16. (Ulukenia Hills, Athi Plains, British East Africa; 
type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 


Specimens.—Six, from localities as follows: 
British East Arrica: Nairobi, 1 skull (Mearns); Ulukenia Hills, 
5, including 2 fetuses (Loring). 


158 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Although skins of this race are only very slightly paler than skins of 
true surdaster from Naivasha, the skulls are readily distinguished 
by constant characters. A profile view of the skull presents an evenly 
rounded outline from the mastoids to the nasals; whereas in the 
Naivasha form the braincase is much higher and the depression in 
the frontals much lower so that the upper’ outline in profile presents a 
very uneven line, much raised posteriorly and with a decided depres- 
sion over the lachrymal region. The rostral and orbital regions of the 
skull are much deeper in the Athi Plains form than in typical sur- 
daster from Naivasha; and the suture between the frontals and 
parietals is almost straight across the skull with only a slight ante- 
riorly rounded convexity, while in the large series of nearly 50 skulls 
of typical surdaster this suture presents a distinct and usually sharply 
pointed salient into the frontals. 


Measurements of East African specimens of Pedetes. 















































Sy eu SOLS eats E 

8] gloulea| bla lee) Sele 
8 | 8 |jag/Bal] 8 | S4l4e] ¢ 132 
Locality. No. Sex ry | OBEY Eos? le Peel sid Ta 
E/ eB | s/S8/ 8 |galee| 3 | 8 

ul Calseee lt leall eile! lene dec alee 

3 a q oo - a = 

Ss aie |g See oH} @ | a 

en) ae | nn N | yy =) 

P. 8. surdaster. 

Naivasha Station......... 162178 | Male....| 395 | 428] 151] 72.7 | 53.7 | 19.9 | 32.3 | 42.5] 15.7 
FD) Oy a EA 162187 |...do.-..| 400] 480] 147] 78.5 | 53.7] 20.0] 32.3 | 43.6] 14.6 
Daas Foe eaaes 162188 |...do....| 385 430] 150 | 74.9 | 52.0] 19.2] 32.2 | 43.0]. 14.9 
DORE ek eee 162193 |...do....| 395 | 405] 154 | 74.5 | 54.5 | 20.8] 32.7| 44.4] 14.9 
TD Oo eo aetna eee 162198 |...do....| 385 | 480] 150] 72.4 | 55.1 | 21.3 | 32.3 | 43.4] 15.2 
DO ee eee eae 162199 |...do....| 396 | 444] 152 | 72.4 | 56.5 | 20.3 | 33.0] 43.8] 15.6 
Doosan Sees tee i a 162200 |...do....| 380 | 435 | 153 | 72.1 | 54.0| 20.7] 32.1 | 43.7} 15.2 
IDOL ces tase ee me 162202 |...do....| 400 | 430] 159 | 74.3 | 54.6 | 21.7 | 33.1 | 44.7] 14.4 
TD OMIRS eee Seah 162203 |...do....| 393} 480] 154] 73.9 | 54.8 | 19.8] 32.5 | 43.7] 15.9 
Doreen ee ee een 162207 |...do....| 407} 430] 151 | 74.9 | 56.5 | 19.5] 32.5 | 42.7] 14.9 
Dots eaw tye AEN 162167 | Female .| 390 | 420] 145/| 72.3 | 52.8] 19.7] 31.2 | 43.2] 14.9 
Dio je ates eS ta 162169 |...do....| 395] 425 | 155 | 73.3 | 55.0 | 20.3 | 31.7 | 42.5] 15.3 
Tos oes NE 162170 |...do....| 390} 400] 152| 73.1 | 55.9 | 19.3 | 30.5 | 41.9] 15.8 
DO PAY fe haw ORE AEN 162175 |...do....| 382] 405] 149 | 70.4 | 54.0] 20.0] 31.1 | 42.2] 15.6 
Toveents Pera Oe 162182 |...do....| 390 | 425] 153 | 73.5 | 56.8 | 19.9] 31.4 | 43.5] 15.8 
PO RUN here 162190 |...do....| 400 |...... 152 | 71.7 | 55.0 | 20.0] 31.6 | 42.5] 15.1 
TD) OS ase aos nee 162192 |...do....| 395 | 405] 448 | 71.9 | 52.8] 19.7] 31.7 | 41.9] 15.2 
Dk seen sak nee metae 162194 |...do....| 380 | 395] 148] 73.6 | 52.9] 19.7] 32.4 | 42.1] 15.6 
DOSE TN Aaa a 162204 |...do....; 390] 430] 153 | 73.0 | 54.2] 19.4 | 31.6 | 42.8] 15.2 

P.s. currat. 
Kabalolot Hill............ 3181762 | Male....| 400] 480] 157] 75.3 | 55.7] 19.0 | 33.6 | 46.1] 15.9 
P. 8. larvalis. 

Ulukenia Hills........... 163303 | Female .| 353| 392| 151 | 72.4 | 53.8 | 19.5 | 34.2| 45.4] 15.1 
TQ earl CURE aE: of 8 163304 |...do....| 370] 427] 159} 78.2| 55.2] 21.7 | 36.2| 45.4| 16.3 
DOE e Sess oe Raed 163915 |...do....| 383 | 451 | 157] 76.2 | 52.3 | 20.1 | 34.8| 45.1] 16.1 

| 





1 Taken in this case to the most anterior point of premaxillary bone. 


2 From median anterior alveolar line to highest point on crown directly above lachrymal bone. 


3 Type. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2° PL. 3 





PEDETES SURDASTER SURDASTER THOMAS. 





PEDETES SURDASTER LARVALIS HOLLISTER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I7I, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 4 





PEDETES SURDASTER SURDASTER THOMAS. 





PEDETES SURDASTER LARVALIS HOLLISTER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I7I, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2. PL. 5 





PEDETES SURDASTER SURDASTER THOMAS. 





PEDETES SURDASTER LARVALIS HOLLISTER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE ITI. 





EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 159 


Family BATHYERGID. 


Genus HETEROCEPHALUS Ritppell. 


1842. Heterocephalus Riiprntt, Mus. Senckenberg, vol. 3, Heft 2, p. 99. (H. 
glaber.) 

In addition to the species of the naked mole-rat known from Somali- 
land and Abyssinia, three forms have been described from British 
East Africa. These species or subspecies have been based on single 
specimens or very small series. After study of a suite of twelve speci- 
mens from one general region—the Northern Guaso Nyiro—lI find 
that the characters used to separate these forms from /eterocephalus 
glaber are all accounted for by individual variation. Skulls of Heteroce- 
phalus are subject to aremarkable amount of variation. (See pls. 6 
and 7) In the series of specimens mentioned the differences in size 
(usually accounted for by age); the variations in the form and posi- 
tion of the posterior border of the bony palate, in the shape, size, and 
relative position of the palatine foramina, and in the development 
of the coronoid process are great, and cover virtually all of the con- 
ditions described of the type-specimens of the named forms from 
British East Africa. Remarkable variations in relative size and 
shape of the molariform teeth are apparent in every specimen, and as 
great variation is present in width and bulk of the incisors. One 
skull in the collection, from Archer’s Post on the Northern Guaso 
Nyiro, agrees almost to the slightest detail in every measurement 
but one with the type skull of glaber as described by Thomas.t| The 
single case of discrepancy in size is in the breadth of palate inside m? 
and there is every reason to suspect that a mistake has been made in 
recording that measurement in Mr. Thomas’s account. Without a 
suitable series of authentic skulls of glaber it will of course be impossi- 
ble to settle the matter but it seems best to disregard the names 
applied to specimens from northern British East Africa until such 
actual comparison can be made. The type localities of the three 
names in question are sufficiently close together so that, considering 
the uniform conditions of local environment necessary to the life of 
the animal, it is reasonable to suspect that only one form is repre- 
sented. Mr. Heller compared this series of skulls with the material 
in London and has noted on the label of one of the larger specimens 
(No. 184171) that it is identical with skulls of glaber from Somaliland; 
and on the label of one of the smaller skulls (No. 184176) that this 
specimen is identical with the type skull of ansorgei. Riippell’s 
figure of the type skull of giaber and the outline drawing of the same 
specimen published by Thomas in 1885? do not agree in essential 
details, and it is probably safest not to trust either for fine specific 
comparisons. 





1 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1885, p. 848. 2 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1885, pl. 54, fig. 5. 


160 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


HETEROCEPHALUS GLABER Riippell. 
Plates 6, 7. 


1842. Heterocephalus glaber Rtippett, Mus. Senckenberg, vol. 3, Heft 2, p. 99. 
(Schoa, Abyssinia; type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort.) 

1903. Heterocephalus ansorgei THomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1903, vol. 2, p. 
336. (Between Ngomeni and Kenani, British East Africa; type in 
British Museum.) 

1912. Heterocephalus stygius G. M. AtteN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 54, p. 
444, April. (Neuman’s Boma, Northern Guaso Nyiro, British East 
Africa; type in Mus. Comparative Zodlogy, Harvard University.) 

1912. Heterocephalus glaber progrediens LONNBERG, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., 
vol. 48, No. 5, p. 102. (Thornbush country north of Northern Guaso 
Nyiro, British East Africa; type in R. Nat. Hist. Mus., Stockholm.) 

Specimens.—Thirteen, from localities as follows: 

Tratian Somat: Lugh, 1 in alcohol (Bottego). ° 

British Hast <Arrica: Archer’s Post, 3 (Heller); Lakiundu 
River, 1 (Heller); Longaya Water, Marsabit Road, 1 (Heller); 
Merelle Water, Marsabit Road, 6, including 4 in alcohol (Heller) ; 
Northern Guaso Nyiro River, 30 miles east of falls, 1 (Percival). 

In Heller’s field journal of the Rainey Expedition I find the fol- 
lowing interesting notes on naked rats: 

Longaya Water: This morning near camp I saw several of the Heterocephalus throw- 
ing dirt out of their burrows. Little puffs of sand were coming out at intervals. The 
animal could not be seen and was apparently below the mouth of the burrow. This 
was about 8 a. m., and at 9a. m. I again went out to snare some, but found them all 
quiet. They are apparently active only in the early morning. At sundown more 
were seen working. Went out at 9 p. m. with the headlight but found none at work 
where holes were numerous. Caught one during the night ina trap. Merelle Water: 
At 5 p.m. Isawseveral Heterocephalus throwing sand out of the burrows. I stood over 
one of the holes and watched. The animal pushed the dirt to the entrance with his 
head, then turned about and with his hind feet threw the dirt out, in a rapid puffy 
fashion, vertically, so that in falling it made a funnel-shaped pile about the hole. 
While he was thus throwing out the earth his tail could be seen wagging back and 
forth. Archer’s post: As we were approaching camp I saw one of the naked mole 
rats throwing out sand in the bright sunshine. They seem [after all] to have no defi- 
nite time for work. 


Measurements of specimens of Heterocephalus glaber from British East Africa. 









































1 Be yl he eae o 

3 aa|3 |=./ 8 /* : 
= .|fles| as) 2 | 22 €¢ 
Locality. rg # |/O8/Sh/85) & | SE/ g | SE 
§ 5 om | BA | oo oJ ¥o 3 PO 
s = “3 ro o ue = nH ear we 
Sl se | aa tee | OS edocs | ey 

6 is 3 a A | eelo mb o | a a ° 

AZ D q = aoe ton ais ai |p a] x4 
Archer’s post.....-. 184171 | Male....| 108 46 21 | 21.5 | 24.2 | 18.2 | 13.1 | 3.3 | 20.4 3.4 
OMe cet cots sis 184172). --dO=2=-|) 98 46 21 | 20.2 | 22.4] 15.7] 12.5! 3.2] 18.4 3.6 
Do.Msi 55.2588 =0 184177 | Female .| 100 47 21 | 19.9 | 22.4 | 17.2] 12.7) 3.5] 18.8 4.0 
North Guaso Nyiro.| 184170 |...do....| 98 50 19 | 20.9 | 23.7/ 17.8 | 12.9 | 3.2} 20.3 3.6 
Lakiundu River...| 184173 | Male....| 90 43 20 | 19.0 | 20.3 | 15.6 | 12.2} 3.3] 17.4 3.9 
Longaya Water.... 184174 |...do....} 95 43 19 | 18.9] 21.2} 16.0 | 12.6 | 3.3) 17.4 3.7 
Merelle Water...... 184175 | Female .| 105 50 22 | 20.3 | 22.7] 17.4 | 12.5] 3.2] 19.4 3.6 
Dosasrsskessess 184176 |...do....| 95] 50] 21 | 19.4] 21.5] 16.2]11.9| 3.4)182] 3.9 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 6 














SKULLS OF HETEROCEPHALUS GLABER, ADULT MALES. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I7I. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUR ESTING Sosa EA rail neal 














SKULLS OF HETEROCEPHALUS GLABER, ADULT FEMALES. 


FOR EXPLANAT ION OF PLATE SEE PACE I7I. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 161 


Genus HELIOPHOBIUS Peters. 


1846. Heliophobius Prerers, Mon.-ber. Akad. Berlin, 1846, p. 259. (H. argenteo- 
cinereus.) 

1890. Myoscalops Tuomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 448. (To replace Helio- 
phobius on supposition that it was preoccupied by Heliophobus Boisduval, 
1829.) 

The blesmols of this genus are in need of a careful systematic 
revision. For the present it seems best to use for our specimens 
the name proposed by Heller for the Kapiti Plains species. Although 
this name may be antedated by others, at present of doubtful status, 
it unquestionably applies to the form, and should not be replaced 
without due consideration. 


- HELIOPHOBIUS KAPITI (Heller). 
Plate 38. 


1909. Georychus kapiti HettER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 54, part 4, p. 469. 
September 24. (Potha, Kapiti Plains, British East Africa; type in U. S. 
Nat. Mus.) 

1910. Myoscalops kapiti Roosrvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 
479, 486; London ed., pp. 485, 490, 497. 

Specimens.—Forty-three, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Kapiti Plains, 8 (Loring); Kiambu, 1 
(Loring); Loita Plains, 19 (Heller); Narosurra River, 2 (Turner); 
Southern Guaso Nyiro River, 3 (Loring); Telek River, 5 (Heller) ; 
Tsavo, 1 (Turner); Ulukenia Hills, 4 (Loring). 

All of the specimens of Heliophobius from British East Africa in 
the United States National Museum collection appear to belong 
to a single form. The skin and skull from Tsavo are indistin- 
guishable from specimens from Kapiti Plains and other localities 
and do not approach in any manner Heliophobius spalaz 1 of Taveta. 
A single skin in the series (No. 181638 from Loita Plains) has a white 
nose; otherwise all are without abnormal markings of any kind. 

The status of two forms of Heliophobius described from ‘‘ East 
Africa’’ by Gray in 1864? has never been settled. These were based 
on specimens collected by Speke, the types of which are in the British 
Museum. One, H. albifrons, has a large white frontal spot; the 
other, H. pallidus, is of a peculiar pale and possibly albinistic color.’ 

On the Loita Plains, May 26, Heller found female blesmols with 
two and three embryos each. The members of the Smithsonian 
African Expedition found numerous skulls of Heliophobwus in owl 
pellets on the Kapiti Plains. 





1 Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 6, p. 315. September, 1910. 
2 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, pp. 123, 124. 
3 Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 6, p. 316. September, 1910. 


162 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Family HYSTRICID. 
Genus HYSTRIX Linnzus. 
1758. Hystrix Linnazvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 56. (H. cristata.) 


In addition to the porcupine from Lamu, British East Africa, 
included in our collection and listed below, the following forms 
have recently been described from eastern Equatorial Africa: Hystrix 
galeata ambigua Lénnberg,! Kibonoto, Kilimanjaro; Hystrix africe- 
australis pritiwitzi Miller,? Tabora, south of Victoria Nyanza, German 
East Africa; Hystriz galeata conradsi Miller,’ Muansa, south shore 
of Victoria Nyanza, German East Africa; Hystrix galeata lademanni 
Miller,? Kondoa Irangi, German East Africa; Hystrix galeata lonnbergr 
Miuller,| Mount Kilimanjaro; Hystriz stegmanni Miller,> Kissenji, 
northeast of Lake Kivu, German East Africa; and Hysirix galeata 
somalensis Lénnberg,® near Njoro, north of Northern Guaso Nyiro 
River, British East Africa. Dollman has recorded Hystrix africe- 
australis Peters from the Amala River, southwestern British East 
Africa.’ 

HYSTRIX GALEATA Thomas. 
1893. Hystrix galeata THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 11, p. 230. 
March. (Lamu, British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 
1910. Hystrix galeata RoosEveEtt, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 479; 
London ed., pp. 485 . 491. 

Specimens.—Three, from localities as follows: 

Britiso East Arrica: Lake Naivasha, 2 (K. Roosevelt); Maji-ya- 
chumvi, 1 (Heller). 

Some quills of the porcupine, picked up by Doctor Mearns at 6,500 
feet on the west side of Mount Kenia, are also in the collection. The 
Maji-ya-chumvi specimen, which might be taken as representing 
true galeata, is young, with only two cheek teeth in place. One of the 
Naivasha specimens is somewhat older, with three cheek teeth, but 
with the premolar unchanged and with the basal suture open; while the 
other Naivasha skull shows the specimen to be an old, but not aged, 
individual. Allare males. The skulls of these three animals are there- 
fore not fairly comparable, but there is no reason to suspect that the 
Naivasha specimens might represent a separate race. Skins and quill 
markings of the two younger specimens are very much alike. 








1 Sjostedts Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped., Mamm., p. 29. 1908. 
2 Sitz.-ber. Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, 1910, p. 311. 

3 Sitz.-ber. Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, 1910, p. 314. 

4 Sitz.-ber. Ges. nat. Freunde Berlin, 1910, p. 315. 

5 Archiv. fiir Naturgesch., 1910, vol. 1, p. 186. 

6 Kungl. Svenska Vet. Handl., vol. 48, No. 5, p.109. 1912. 

7 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1914, p. 317. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL. MUSEUM. 163 


Family THRYONOMYIDA. 
Genus THRYONOMYS Fitzinger. 


1827, Aulacodus TemMincK, Mon. Mamm.. vol. 1, p. 245. (7. swinderianus. 
Not Aulacodus Eschscholtz, 1822.) 

1867. Thryonomys FirzinaeR, Sitz.-ber. Akad. Wien, vol. 56, p. 141. (7. semi- 
palmatus.) 

1396. Triaulacodus LYDEKKER, Geogr. Hist. Mamm. pp. 91, 240 (pro Aulacodus 
Temminck). 

Representatives of both the large and small cane rats of this genus 
are included in the collection; but the material is altogether inade- 
quate, and no opinion can be ventured on the relationships of the 
forms or on their systematic value. 


THRYONOMYS SWINDERIANUS (Temminck). 
1827. Aulacodus swinderianus TeEmMMINcCK Mon. Mamm., vol. 1, p. 248. (Africa; 
type in Leyden Museum.) 
1892. Aulacodus swinderianus True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 468. 

Specumen.—One skin and skull, as follows: 

Britiso East Arrica: Taveta, 1 (Abbott). 

The skull of this specimen, and old adult, basal suture obliterated, 
sex unknown, measures: Greatest length, 104 millimeters; condylo- 
basal length, 91.2; zygomatic breadth, 70.3; greatest width of ros- 
trum, 29.7; greatest width of nasals, 20.4; greatest length of nasals, 
35.5; upper tooth row, crowns, 19.2. 


THRYONOMYS PUSILLUS Heller. 
Plate 41. 
1912. Thryonomys gregorianus pusillus HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, 
No. 16, p.17. July 5. (Ndi, Taita Hills, British East Africa; type in U. 
S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Seven, from localities as follows: 

Britisa East Arrica: Maji-ya-chumvi, 5, including 3 embryos in 
alcohol (Heller); Ndi, 2, including 1 odd skull (Heller). 

Females from Ndi, November 3, and Maji-ya-chumvi, December 12, 
each contained three embryos. A small specimen, about the size of a 
house rat, was captured at the latter place on December 10. Heller’s 
field notes say that the species lives in grassy veldt, in holes; and on 
the edges of scrub thickets. Measurements of the type skull (young 
adult female with basal suture open) and of a similar female from 
Maji-ya-chumvi: Greatest length, 71.7, —; condylobasal length, 
65.8, —; zygomatic breadth, 43.7, —; greatest width of rostrum, 
17.3, 16.9; greatest width of nasals, 11.8, 11.9; greatest length of 
nasals, 23.6, 24.8; mandible, 50.3, 52.5; upper tooth row, crowns, 
14.9, 14.2. 


164 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


THRYONOMYS GREGORIANUS (Thomas). 
1894. Aulacodus gregorianus THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 13 p. 
202. February. (Iuiji Reru River, Konu, Kikuyu British East Africa; 
type in British Mus.) 
Specimen.—One skin and skull, as follows: 
British East Arrica: Kaimosi, 1 (Turner). 
Mr. Turner has noted on the label that this specimen was captured 
on a grassy hill near Kaimosi, December 10, 1913. 


Order LAGOMORPHA. 


Family LEPORIDA. 
Genus LEPUS Linneus. 
1758. Lepus Linnazus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 57. (ZL. timidus.) 


The East African hares are readily separated into several well- 
marked forms. In no case does our material show two forms occu- 
pying the same territory and it would seem probable that complete 
collections will prove that all the British East African hares, with 
the exception of L. raineyt, are races of some earlier named species, 
probably of Lepus capensis. 


LEPUS ISABELLINUS Cretzschmar. 


1828. Lepus isabellinus CretzscHMarR, Atlas Reise nérd. Afrika von Eduard 
Riippell, p. 52. (Desert southwest from Ambukol, Sudan; type in 
Frankfort Museum.) 

1905. Lepus isabellinus ScHwann, Novit. Zool., vol. 12, p. 5. January. 


Spectmens.—Two, from— 

Supan: Naikhala (Rothschild). 

LEPUS TIGRENSIS Blanford. 

1869. Lepus tigrensis BLANFoRD, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 4, p. 330. 
November. (Takonda and Adabagi, Abyssinia; ‘“‘types in British 
Museum.’’)! 

Specimens.—Two, from— 

Eritrea: Agordat (received from W. F. H. Rosenberg). 

LEPUS RAINEYI Heller. 
Plate 42. 

1912. Lepus raineyi HELLER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, p. 18. 
July 5. (Longaya Water, 30 miles south of Mount Marsabit, British 
East Africa; type in U. 8. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Hight, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Kara Water, Marsabit Road, 1 (Heller); 
Lakiundu River, 3 (Heller); Longaya Water, Marsabit Road, 1 
(Heller); Marsabit Road, 1 (Heller); Mount Lololokwi, 1 (Heller); 
Quoy Water, Marsabit Road, 1 (Heller). 


1 Blanford, Observations on the Geology and Zoology of Abyssinia, p. 276. London, 1870. 





EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 165 


This long-eared, buff and black hare, with a distinct grayish rump 
patch, is readily distinguishable from the hares of the capensis- 
victories group. It is confined to the region north of Mount Kenia, 
where it is known from the southern side of the Northern Guaso 
Nyiro River northward to Mount Marsabit. Heller found single 
embryos in females from Lakiundu River, July 10, and Longaya 
Water, July 21. 

Heller reports this hare as abundant in the open sandy desert 
country about Marsabit. He says it relies upon its pale coloration, 
rather than cover, for protection, differimg in this respect from the 
hares of the highlands of British East Africa to the southward. 


LEPUS CAPENSIS ABBOTTI Hollister. 
Plate 43. 


1892. ?Lepus capensis TRUE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 468. (Not of 
Linnzeus. ) 

1918. Lepus capensis abbotti HottistER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 31, p. 
35. May 16. (Plains east of Mount Kilimanjaro, British East Africa; 
type in U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—Three, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Maji-ya-chumvi, 1 (Heller); plains east 
of Mount Kilimanjaro, 1 (Abbott); Useri River, 1 (Abbott). 

This subspecies of the Cape hare more nearly resembles the typical 
form of South Africa than do some of the intermediate races. It is 
closely related to Lepus capensis crawshayi, but can be distinguished 
in fresh pelage by the more ochraceous tone of the buff hair rings 
above; more ochraceous, less blackish, shoulders and sides of neck; 
deeper ochraceous nape-patch, throat-patch, sides, and limbs; and 
browner ears. The young example from Maji-ya-chumyi, in juvenile 
coat, is decidedly darker (more ochraceous, less gray) than young of 
crawshayt mm corresponding pelage, and has a much deeper colored 
nape and throat. 


LEPUS CAPENSIS CRAWSHAYI de Winton. 


1899. Lepus crawshayi DE Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 416. (Neugia 
Kitwi,! British East Africa; type in British Museum.) 

1910, Lepus victories Roosrvert, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 479; 
London ed., pp. 485, 491. (Part.) 

1918. Lepus capensis crawshayi Houuister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 
31, p. 35. May 16. 

Specimens.—Twenty-eight, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Juja Farm, 1 (Mearns); Kapiti Plains, 7 
(Mearns, Loring); Naivasha Station, 1 (Loring); Omboni River, 1 
(Heller); Plains west of Mount Kenia, 8, including 1 in alcohol 
(Loring, Mearns); Sir Alfred Pease’s Farm, 1 (Mearns); Ulukenia 
Hills, 9, including 2 in alcohol and 2 odd skulls (Loring, Mearns). 


1 Kast of the Athi River and northeast of Machakos. 


BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


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64952—19—Bull. 99, pt 2 


168 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Mearns notes one small fetus in a female collected at Sir Alfred 
Pease’s Farm, May 9. 

In full, fresh pelage this is a richly colored hare, much darker than 
raineyt or victoriz, and less rufous or ochraceous than abbotti or 
kakumege. Only a few skins are in the best pelage, the majority 
of the specimens showing considerably the effects of wear and fading. 
Specimens in juvenile coat are pale brownish gray, but those in the 
post-juvenile pelage are darker than many adults. As with most 
hares, these latter may be distinguished from the adults by the 
peculiar fine streaking of the post-juvenile coat. Some adults, in 
old pelage but not yet showing much wear, are very gray in color, 
differing markedly from the darker, fresh-coated animals. There 
is great uniformity in the skulls throughout the entire series, and I 
do not detect any subspecific differences between skins from the 
extremes of distribution for the race. No evidences of direct inter- 
gradation with L. victoriz or with L. raineyi are to be found from our 
material. Contrary to the general opinion, I do not think that the 
ranges of these species overlap, and I would not be surprised if 
victoriz eventually proved to be a subspecies of Lepus capensis, 
grading into crawshayi or abbotti. 


LEPUS VICTORLZ VICTORL® Thomas. 


1893. Lepus victories THomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 12, p. 268. 
October. (Nassa, Speke Gulf, Victoria Nyanza, German East Africa; 
type in British Museum. ) 

1910. Lepus victorie Roosrve.t, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 479; 
London ed., pp. 485, 491. (Part.) 

Specimens.—Fourteen, from localities as follows: 

British East Arrica: Deep Dale, Sotik, 1 (Heller); Kabalolot 
Hill, 2 (Heller); Oljoro O Nyon River, 1 (Loring); Southern Guaso 
Nyiro River, 9, including 1 odd skull (Loring, Mearns, Heller); Telek 
River, Sotik, 1 (Heller). 

This is a distinctly larger hare than Lepus capensis crawshayi. It 
does not, so far as our material shows, range east of the Rift Valley. 
I suspect that it is a subspecies of Lepus capensis and that intergrading 
specimens will be found between it and crawshayi or abbotti. The 
characters of the incisor teeth, commonly used to distinguish victoriz 
from crawshayi,! are average only, and are not to be relied upon in 
every case. Compared with Lepus capensis crawshayi, the Victoria 
hare is a much less brightly colored animal, less gray or less blackish 
according to the condition of the pelage. Our specimens are & 
very uniformly colored lot, but there is considerable variation in 





1 See de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1889, pp. 416, 417; Liénnberg, Kungl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 
vol. 48, No. 5, p. 111. 1912. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 169 


size of the skull. As usual in the genus the largest specimens are 
old females. 


LEPUS VICTORILZ KAKUMEG: Heller. 
Plate 44 


1910. Lepus victorix RoosEvett, African Game Trails, Amer. ed., pp. 473, 479; 
London ed., pp. 485, 491. (Part.) 

1912. Lepus kakumege HettER, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, p. 19. 
July 5. (Lukosa River, Kakumega Forest, British East Africa; type in 
U.S. Nat. Mus.) 

Specimens.—F our, from localities as follows: 

Britis East Arrica: Guas Ngishu Plateau, 1 odd skull (Heller); 
Lukosa River, 1 (Heller); Sirgoit Lake, 2, including 1 odd skull 
(Heller). 

A dark, or rather more richly colored race of Lepus victoriz, with 
much shorter ears. The Sirgoit Lake skin is somewhat intermediate 
between this form and typical victorie, but clearly goes best with 
kakumege. This is probably a connectant subspecies between 
victories and microtis. Hares from Uganda and the upper Nile are 
greatly needed in collections. 


LEPUS MICROTIS Heuglin. 


1865. Lepus microtis HEuveiIn, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop., vol. 32, pt. 1, p. 32. 
(Lat. 6°-8° N., long. 29°-31° E., Bahr-el-Gazal, Sudan.) 

Specuomen.—One head with skull from— 

Uaanpa: Lagos, near Ledgus, 1 (Loring). 

The status of Lepus microtis Heuglin has never been determined, 
but there seems little reason to suspect that it represents anything 
except the short-eared forest hare of the upper Nile, which doubtless 
intergrades through kakumege into Lepus victoriz. The single 
specimen in the collection, imperfect as it is, helps little to settle the 
question except that it proves the presence of a hare of this type in 
extreme northwestern Uganda. The Ledgus specimen may not 
represent typical microtis, but the form represented will doubtless 
prove nearer to that subspecies than to the obviously related Lepus 
victorie kakumege. 


Order TUBULIDENTATA. 


Family ORYCTEROPIDA. 
Genus ORYCTEROPUS Geoffroy. 


1796. Orycteropus GEorFRoy, Mag. Encycl., vol. 2, p. 290. (O. afer.) 


The aard-vark is rarely collected by East African travelers, and 
no specimens were brought home by either of the larger expeditions. 


170 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


ORYCTEROPUS ZTHIOPICUS Sundevall. 
1843. Orycteropus xthiopicus SUNDEVALL, Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1842, p. 236. 
(Sennar, Sudan.) 

Specimen.—One skin and skull, as follows: 

Apyssinta: Adis Ababa, 1 (Philip). 

The skull of this specimen measures: Total length, 213; condy- 
lobasal length, 213; zygomatic breadth, 79; median length of nasals, 
88.4; greatest breadth of nasals, 44; interorbital breadth, 57.4; 
postorbital constriction, 43.7; palatal length, 132; length of mandi- 
ble, 186; entire upper tooth row, 65.8; entire lower tooth row, 42.2. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


The skulls illustrated in these plates were all photographed natural size. The 
scale as given is in most cases correct, but allowance should be made for very slight 
variations from the size of the actual specimens which sometimes exist in plates 
made by the photographic process. 

PuaTeE 1. 

Map of Eastern Equatorial Africa. 


PLATE 2. 


East African maned rat (Lophiomys ibeanus) photographed from living specimen in 
the National Zoological Park. (From Baker, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 9, 


pl. 1, 1912.) Much reduced. 
PLATE 3. 


Skulls of Pedetes, lateral view, natural size. 

Upper figure. Pedetes surdaster surdaster. Adult female; Cat. No. 162170; Naivasha 
Station, British East Africa. 

Lower figure. Pedetes surdaster larvalis. Adult female; Cat. No. 163304; Ulukenia 
Hills, British East Africa. Type-specimen. 


PuLatTe 4. 


Skulls of Pedetes, dorsal view, natural size. 

Upper figure. Pedetes surdaster surdaster. Adult female; Cat. No. 162170; Naivasha 
Station, British East Africa. 

Lower figure. Pedetes surdaster larvalis. Adult female; Cat. No. 163304; Uluke- 
nia Hills, British East Africa. Type-specimen. 


PLATE 5. 


Skulls of Pedetes, ventral view, natural size. 

Upper figure. Pedetes surdaster surdaster. Adult female; Cat. No. 162170; Naivasha 
Station, British East Africa. p 

Lower figure. Pedetes surdaster larvalis. Adult female; Cat. No. 163304; Ulukenia 
Hills, British East Africa. Type-specimen. 


PLATE 6. 


Skulls of Heterocephalus glaber, adult males, from north of Mount Kenia; dorsal 
and ventral views, natural size. 

Cat. No. 184174. Longaya Water. 

Cat. No. 184173. Lakiundu River. 

Cat. No. 184172. Archer’s Post. 


Cat. No. 184171. Archer’s Post. 
PLATE 7. 


Skulls of Heterocephalus glaber, adult females, from north of Mount Kenia; dorsal 
and ventral views, natural size. 
Cat. No. 184177. Archer’s Post. 
Cat. No. 184176. Merelle Water. 
Cat. No. 184175. Merelle Water. 
Cat. No. 184170. Northern Guaso Nyiro. 
171 


172 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


PLATE 8. 


Skull of type-specimen of Sciurus undulatus True. adult male; Cat. No. 19005. 
Natural size. (=Heliosciurus undulatus undulatus.) 


PLATE 9. 


Skull of type-specimen of Heliosciurus rufobrachiatus shindi Heller. Adult male; 
Cat. No. 182768. Natural size. (=Heliosciurus undulatus shindi.) 


Puate 10. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 
Left. Heliosciurus multicolor madogxe Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 164828. 


Right. Pararerus kahari HettER. Adult female; Cat. No. 164203. (=Parazerus 


ochraceus kaharv.) 
PuateE ll. 


Skull of type-specimen of Protoxerus stangeri bea Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 


181786. Natural size. 
PuLatTe 12. 


Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Left. Tatera varia Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 162249. (= Tatera béhmi varia. ) 

Right. Tatera pothe Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 161716. (= Tatera vicina 
pothx.) 

(From Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 9, pl. 1. 1910.) 


Puate 13. 


Skull of type-specimen of Tatera nigricauda percivali Heller. Adult female; Cat. 


No. 183945. Natural size. 
Puate 14. 


Skull of type-specimen of Lophiomys thomasi Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 181789. 


Natural size. 
Puate 15. 


Skull of type-specimen of Tachyoryctes rex Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 163088. 
Natural size. (From Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 9, pl. 3. 1910.) 
PuaTeE 16. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Dendromus mesomelas percivali Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 


181791. (=Dendromus insignis percivalt.) 
Middle figures. Dendromus whytei capitis Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 181792. 
Lower figures. Dendromus lineatus Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 164816. 


PuaTE 17. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Dendromus nigrifrons True. Adult female; Cat. No. 35265. 

Middle figures. Dendromus spectabilis Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 164815. 
(=Dendromus nigrifrons spectabilis.) 

Lower figures. Steatomys athi Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 162883. 

PuaTE 18. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 

Left. Zelotomys hildegardexe vinaceus Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 181798. 

Right. Thamnomys dolichurus littoralis Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 181799. 
(= Thamnomys surdaster littoralis.) 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 173 


PiateE 19. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Left. Gnomys hypoxanthus vallicola Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 162614. 
(=Cnomys bacchante vallicola.) 
Right. Epimys kaiseri centralis Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 165035. (=Rattus 
kaisert helleri Hollister.) 
PuateE 20. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Left. Thamnomys loringi Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 161904. (=Rattus 
nigricauda loring?. ) 

Right. Mus peromyscus Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 161905. (=Rattus tull- 
bergi peromyscus. ) 

(From Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 52, part 4, pl. 56. 1909.) 


PuateE 21. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Epimys kaiseri turneri Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 183395. 
(= Rattus kaiseri turneri.) 

Middle figures. Epimys endorobx Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 162888. (=Rattus 
denmiz.) 

Lower figures. Epimys taite Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 181797. (=Rattus 
tartex.)) 

PuLaTE 22. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Epimys allent kaimose Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 181794. 
(= Rattus stella kaimose.) 

Middle figures. Epimys niveiventris ule Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 162887. 
(= Rattus fumatus fumatus.) 

Lower figures. Mustana True. Adult female; Cat. No. 36055. (=Rattus tana.) 


PuLaTE 23. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Epimys coucha ismailix Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 165108. 
(= Rattus coucha ismailiz.) 

Middle figures. Rattus coucha tinctus Hollister. Adult male; Cat. No. 183294. 

Lower figures. Epimys coucha neumani Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 181795, 


(=Rattus coucha newmani.) 
° Puate 24. 


Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Leggada naivashe Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 162885. (= Mus 
triton triton.) 

Middle figures. Epimys panya Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 161886. (=Rattus 
coucha panya. ) 

Lower figures. Epimys coucha durumx Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 181796. 


(=Rattus coucha durum.) 3 


PLATE 25. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size.) 
Mus musculoides emesi Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 164819. (= Mus emesi.) 
Mus bellus enclave Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 164818. 
Mus bellus gondokore Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 164820. 
Mus bellus petilus Hollister. Adult male; Cat. No. 162397. 


174 BULLETIN 99, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


PuaTe 26. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Mus gratus sungare Heller. Adult male; Cat.iNo. 163487. (= Mus gratus gratus.) 
Mus gratus soricoides Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 183544. 

Mus tenellus acholi Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 164817. 

Mus wamx Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 161777. 


PLATE 27. 


Skull of type-specimen of Cricetomys gambianus raineyi Heller. 
Adult male; Cat. No. 181804. Natural size. 


PLatE 28. 


Skull of type-specimen of Cricetomys gambianus enguvi Heller. 
Adult female; Cat. No. 181805. 
PLATE 29. 


Skull of type-specimen of Cricetomys gambianus osgoodi Heller. 
Adult male; Cat. No. 181806. 
PLATE 30. 
Skulls of typ&specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Mus aquilus True. Adult male; Cat. No. 34723. (=Lophuromys 
aquilus.) 

Middle figures. Lophuromys pyrrhus Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 164823. «(=Lo- 
phuromys ansorget pyrrhus. ) 

Lower figures. Lophuromys aquilus margarette Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 
181793. 

PuaTE 31. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Acomys hystrella Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 164821. 
Middle figures. Uranomys ugandx Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 164822. 
Lower figures. Saccostomus isiole Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 181803. 


PuaTE 32. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Left. Saccostomus umbriventer Miller. Adult female; Cat. No. 162612. 
Right. Saccostomus mearnsi Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 162882. 
(From Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 54, No. 1925, pl. 1. 1910.) 


PuaTE 33. ° 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Left. Pelomys roosevelti Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 162881. (= Mylomys 
rooseveltt. ) 

Right. Dasymys helukus Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 162889. 

(From Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 54, No. 1924, pl. 1. 1910.) 


PiateE 34. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Dasymys savannus Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 164471. (=Da- 
symys helukus savannus.) 

Middle figures. Dasymys helukus nigridius Hollister. Adult female; Cat. No. 
162465. 

Lower figures. Dasymys orthos Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 164824. 


EAST AFRICAN MAMMALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM. 175 


PLatTe 35. 
Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Pelomys fallax iridescens Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 181801. 
Middle figures. Arvicanthis jebele Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 164826. (=Arvi- 
canthis testicularis jebelx.) 
Lower figures. Arvicanthis abyssinicus centrosus Hollister. Adult male; Cat. No. 
165167. 
PuaTE 36. 


Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Lemniscomys pulchellus spermophilus Heller. Adult female; Cat. 
No. 181800. (=Lemniscomys striatus massaicus.) 
Middle figures. Arvicanthis pulchellus micropus Heller. Adult female; Cat. No 
164825. (=Lemniscomys striatus massaicus.) 
Lower figures. <Arvicanthis abyssinicus virescens Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 
183922. 
PLATE 37. 


Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 


Upper figures. Eliomys parvus True. Adult female; Cat. No. 36056. (=Graphi- 
urus parvus.) 

Middle figures. Graphiurus murinus johnstoni Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 
181787. (=Graphiurus murinus griseus.) 

Lower figures. Otomys orestes dollmani Heller. Adult male; Cat. No. 181790. 
(=Otomys dollmani.) 

PLATE 38. 
' Skulls of type-specimens (natural size). 

Upper figures. Graphiurus personatus Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 164827. 

Lower figures. Georychus kapiti Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 161708. (= Helio- 
phobius kapitt.) 

Piates 39-40. 


Skull of type-specimen of Pedetes surdaster currax Hollister. Adult male; Cat. No. 
181762. Natural size. 
Puate 41. 


Skull of type-specimen of Thryonomys gregorianus pusillus Heller. Young adult 
female; Cat. No. 181807. Natural size. (=Thryonomys pusillus.) 


PuatTe 42. 


Skull of type-specimen of Zepus raineyi Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 181808. 
Natural size. 
PuaTe 43. 


Skull of type-specimen of Lepus capensis abbotti Hollister. Adult female; Cat. No. 
34779 (skin No. 19014). Natural size. 


Prats 44. 


Skull of type-specimen of Lepus kakumegx Heller. Adult female; Cat. No. 181809. 
Natural size. (=Lepus victorix kakumegz.) 







( -BADSMG TY | oy anit : 
ht A eyes nate, her or 


{hori eee a aphley be, Sutra) thar + i M 


ia) - eecieeios vl, ae, two: 


Wi Ngee 





Ls 
Pe) Shoe Ae oo 7 . is 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN! 99; PART: 25 (PEs 





HELIOSCIURUS UNDULATUS (TRUE). TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 172. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PE. 9 






HELIOSCIURUS UNDULATUS SHINDI HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 172. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 10 





-HELIOSCIURUS MULTICOLOR MADO- PARAXERUS OCHRACEUS'- KAHARI 
GAE HELLER. TYPE. HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 172. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. II 





PROTOXERUS STANGERI BEA HELLER. TYPE. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 172, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUELETIN 99; PART 2 PL. 12 





TATERA BOHMI VARIA HELLER. TATERA VICINA POTHAE HELLER. 
TYPE. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 172, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 13 








TATERA NIGRICAUDA PERCIVALI HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 172, 


Da 


1 0 
ot wy 

ele 

; ‘6 sy hit 


/ a 


a, ae 
7 ‘ie 7 
A bine / 


ie Lae ra aie hs 
4 7 ‘ v e a 


en 
fom 


aRe A 
ay 


, 
A's 











5 ra) 7 ee 
AST ueni v 










U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 14 








LOPHIOMYS THOMAS! HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 172. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 15 





TACHYORYCTES REX HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 172. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULEEEMIN! 99; PART, 2 (PE. 6 





DENDROMUS INSIGNIS PERCIVALI HELLER. TYPE. 





DENDROMUS WHYTE! CAPITIS HELLER. TYPE. 





DENDROMUS LINEATUS HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 172. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEETIN: 995, (PART.2)° (PES ii 





DENDROMUS NIGRIFRONS TRUE. TYPE. 





DENDROMUS NIGRIFRONS SPECTABILIS HELLER. TYPE. 





STEATOMYS ATHI HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 172. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 18 











ZELOTOMYS HILDEGARDEAE VINA- THAMNOMYS SURDASTER LITTO- 
CEUS HELLER. TYPE. RALIS HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 172, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 19 





OENOMYS BACCHANTE VALLI- RATTUSK AISERI HELLER! HOL- 
COLA HELLER. :- TYPE. LISTER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 173 





NATIONAL MUSEUM BUELETIN: 99; PART 2; (PL. 20 


RATTUS NIGRICAUDA LORINGI (HELLER). RATTUS TULLBERGI PEROMYSCUS (HEL- 
TYPE. LER). TYPE. 


XPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 173. 








U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 21 





RATTUS KAISERI TURNERI (HELLER). TYPE. 





EPIMYS ENDOROBAE HELLER. TYPE. 





RATTUS TAITAE (HELLER). TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I73, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 22 





RATTUS STELLA KAIMOSAE (HELLER). TYPE. 





EPIMYS NIVEIVENTRIS ULAE HELLER. TYPE. 





RATIUS TANA GIRUE).. WYPE: 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 173 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 23 





RATTUS COUCHA ISMAILIAE (HELLER). TYPE. 





RATTUS COUCHA TINCTUS HOLLISTER. TYPE. 





RATTUS COUCHA NEUMANI (HELLER). TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 173. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2. (PL. 24 





LEGGADA NAIVASHAE HELLER. TYPE. 


ae 


«/6! 





RATTUS COUCHA PANYA (HELLER). TYPE. 





RATTUS COUCHA CURUMAE (HELLER). TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I73 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 25 





Mus EMES!| HELLER. TYPE. 





mi 
a: 





Mus BELLUS ENCLAVAE HELLER. TYPE. 


care 


ee 
= 





“ 


MUS BELLUS GONDOKORAE HELLER. TYPE. 





Mus BELLUS PETILUS HOLLISTER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 173 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 26 


, 


Mus GRATUS SUNGARAE HELLER. TYPE. 








Mus GRATUS SORICOIDES HELLER. AYRE: 


£ 
| 
Ly 


<< 


” 





Mus TENELLUS ACHOLI HELLER. TYPE. 





Mus WAMAE HELLER. TYPE. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 174. 


eau 


- Paes 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 27 





CRICETOMYS GAMBIANUS RAINEY! HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I74. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUELCETIN 99, PART. 2 -RL. 28 





CRICETOMYS GAMBIANUS ENGUVI HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 174 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BUEEETRIN 99, (PART 2° (PEs 29: 





CRICETOMYS GAMBIANUS OSGOODI HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 174, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 30 





LOPHUROMYS AQUILUS (TRUE). TYPE: 





LOPHUROMYS ANSORGE! PYRRHUS HELLER. TYPE. 





LOPHUROMYS AQUILUS MARGARETTAE HELLER. TYPE. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 174. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 3st 





ACOMYS HYSTRELLA HELLER. TYPE. 





URANOMYS UGANDAE HELLER. TYPE. 





SACCOSTOMUS ISIOLAE HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I74, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PE. 32 


SACCOSTOMUS UMBRIVENTER MILLER. SACCOSTOMUS MEARNSII HELLER. 
TYPE. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 174. 








U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 33 


MYLOMYS ROOSEVELT! (HELLER). DASYMYS HELUKUS HELLER. 
TYPE. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 174, 








U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 34 





DASYMYS HELUKUS SAVANNUS HELLER. TYPE. 





DASYMYS HELUKUS NIGRIDIUS HOLLISTER. ?WWYPE- 





DASYMYS ORTHOS HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I74, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 35 





PELOMYS FALLAX IRIDESCENS HELLER. TYPE. 





ARVICANTHIS TESTICULARIS JEBELAE HELLER. TYPE. 





ARVICANTHIS ABYSSINICUS CENTROSUS HOLLISTER. TYPE. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I75, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 36 





LEMNISCOMYS PULCHELLUS SPERMOPHILUS HELLER. TYPE. 





ARVICANTHIS PULCHELLUS MICROPUS HELLER. TYPE. 





ARVICANTHIS ABYSSINICUS VIRESCENS HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 175, 


“¢ 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 37 





GRAPHIURUS PARVUS (TRUE). TYPE. 





GRAPHIURUS MURINUS JOHNSTONI HELLER. TYPE. 





OTOMYS DOLLMANI HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I75, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 38 





GRAPHIURUS PERSONATUS HELLER. TYPE. 





HELIOPHOBIUS KAPITI (HELLER). TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I75 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN: 995 PAR. 2:5) PE. 39 





PEDETES SURDASTER CURRAX HOLLISTER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 175. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN, 99, PART 2 (PL. 40 





PEDETES SURDASTER CURRAX HOLLISTER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I75. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 41 





THRYONOMYS PUSILLUS HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAQg IT75. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 42 


= MARAE 


ny ad 





LEPUS RAINEY! HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I75. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 43 





LEPUS CAPENSIS ABBOTT! HOLLISTER. wYPE: 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 175. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 99, PART 2 PL. 44 





LEPUS VICTORIAE KAKUMEGAE HELLER. TYPE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE I75. 





LN DEX 





[Figures in black-faced type indicate generic or specific headings. ] 


Page. 

ALG Valkorisienisesese sn lsacist ssclaciantsiss cc <icl= 169 
MDDOUM uO DUSH n= nos5- 352s see ace oem 165, 166 
ADIALUS CA COMLYS.. .<canccescnmccieeeticcces 118,121 
ADYSSINICUS) ATVICANENIS. .. << scl seiictesise- <5 - 128 
PICHON PNUUIS als o'< ncjsinie =,nicin cinecisisiaclanteneice seo 101, 103 
PAICOINY Sana lalsiniwicis cals anice enact lanier 116, 117, 119, 120 
BDIMGUS Sc) .<se ss - ccm sse EERE « 118, 121 
CaHITINUS {sc-(-.)2.---beseoaenee cee ace 116 
CineraceusS.i2<-.-easteeseecadecccees 116 

hy strellaccccaccs5s oe eee eee oe 116,119 

ROTM GUS erence cis vic. c sive saree eee 116,119 

IKOMUPI So, 0 2 inieeisiai=,0.ccej~iaycisienicisicte 116, 117, 120 
MONCANUS! ~~ js =.5-<5 sem seicass < 117,120 
percivali....... Suisinaciedenaciteeiee ss 118, 120 
pulchellus: eos cosca= sees cee 117 

WHISOMMas <ooueeisecceiciaseeemeee se 118,121 
WiLHOLDYylosscessicccce acceso ens 116 

ACTOUS,, DONGLOMUS! <cecinc-cac ce ceseuscenies 50,52 
sethiopicus, Lophiomys:-......0--sss2seence 36, 37 
Orycteropus)-:..<<.<cseesseee see 170 

PANG HOMYS nee et cc eee tay eee 66, 67, 72,77 
PEL ROSCIUTUS aeocaticessnccansice acne ee eeeees 9,10, 12 
VMCICR Le 32.5-snnsSe eee eel <i 10 

POSMSIS Ue xiscicci- mice eee eews Sas 10 

TU WENZOLL.\2\crcicinicieiewietecleeeens ele 10 

Aer PUODAUEOMY Ss. cqieiccjsiostaclacicinsincsciosetis 106 
OLY ClArOPUS- <5 coe siccoecscaset ees = 169 
Alay RALCEA<cccncisiciecinesina’s sancccseescceenee 28 
ainieseaustralis, Hystrix....5.2..--seccecicneme 162 
SkKaVATVICAMENIS)-« <ociciccieicsneciacee cece 139 
albifrons: Heliophobius.- ..52--.<---<-csssce = 161 
albolineatus, Arvicanthis...........-...2-.-- 144 
WMEMMNISCOMYS> 5.22 - sees 143, 144 
alexandrinus; Rattus: .s-- 2c. -ssotetessces 68 
SIN ALCO ENDL Shia siacierecisiscis sere cistetnaretesinve se = 76 
ATH DI SUS SPELY SELLXe iene ns seiceise eons cues 162 
AA PONIENSIS | OLOMYSocces = ccc ccccencsccice cee 149 
SNUNOSUS PATakcruSo. | -ocncca seus cesccwece 19, 20 
ankolige: PachyOryCteS. «=. -sccacaceenuceh sc 47,48 
AUNECTENS, RNIZOMYSs.- = - 2s - secs eeses 43 
Machy ory ctes=. -.-s-<scscteceesa aie 40,43 

ansorgel, Heterocephalus.......ccsescecseco~s 160 
WOPHUTOMYSs.sen se oacas. <eeeecene 109,111 

aquilus, Lophuromys..............---- 106, 107,110 
MUS). eaten e siacic os0c ccmaleeh eid ne 106 
arporanivs; MUS. ccatsentes sc sec occaseeeees 57 
SEGCnS VAT vicanthis.cedesse hss cnc aseeees 144 
WeMNiscOMYSssseseceeeeceeoneee see 141,144 
argenteocinereus, Heliophobius.............- 161 
ALUSCCUSIS) PATAXGruls. ..j.----cccscls sectceee 15, 17,18 
BGUTUSS.) .\ <2<c cuseeeereeeen se 15 


Page. 

Arvicanthis.. =. -esasese 127, 128, 132, 134, 136, 146 
abyssinicus... 0... <teccwacess as 128 

OKRA Sos osessecess uss seen 139 
albolineatus.:.< .-tc-s2-ceeet = ose 144 

ardens 5 uc -<4-=5-5cnseesene seme 144 

CeNtLOSUS <3. 5.2 ese he sens 128, 132 

chanlerive enc s och sss eeeeee 131, 135, 136 

Convicts. -c-csscasseesse sees 146 

diminutus2. --2-os<\csesssceeeses 146 

jebele.. 355s est aseeeee Se 128, 132 

Macculus: — 2 be-sececessser cee 138 

maculOsus=;. ..2-+ccesaseeeee tee 136 

MASSAICUS.5 5c <cc acc seeeee oes 139, 142 

MICKOPUS? sacs Mens ee see seee 139,141 

NAITOWB Sse se scseeeese 130, 131, 134, 138 

NeuUMANMNI To. <\ sce eesose qeatree 131 

MiUlOWCUS Ses scsess sees eteewe cee 127 

nubilans.- secs. sso beoeeseeeee 129,133 
pallescens:s2-se-easeeseceee ese 130, 134 

PHB OtiSh esse sc caeew ees sees 136 

PIL COPS ssa jscso see veeiee lem icis 130, 134 

pulchelluss sec eceeceescesccces 142 
TOPLANSE csee esate sees. 131,135 

TUDESCONS ae soec ce sae 128, 129, 133 
SOMBILICUSESoccie epee ees ossosees = 131 

SULLA GUS Swice co siatyniseitactte hc cocoa 142 
COSTICUIAFIS! = sereseis 22 melee ac 128, 132 

VATOSCONS 2s wieivtelreeitelsee ieee == 131, 135 
athijSteatomyseceseccqcessincsmseeaaamecs 55 
audax, Tachyoryctes..-.-.-..--.--------. 42, 43, 46 
SUSUSTUS A PATAXOLusS, ee cisca- <elelcsiciasseicisisisisls 20 
PATTIE CODUSsaecisaisvisieye isis sees a eiaaciom cesses 163 
gregorianus. ..- 2. ~~ --==-n/\- 164 
Swinderianuss2)s----sersssecees 163 

acch antes Mis. coe jswleliesaisinc sisnmistelepuaes sicis 64 
GHMOMYSiieen sie amie cetera 64, 65 

badius, Tachyoryctesl. <: <<. scnmsmacises sic 40 
barbarus, Lemniscomys...------------ 136, 143, 144 
IMUShoe co iaciisisciosisieeseeet eis ceiee 144 

Bath yereid 20 ioe a <(-jeslecwenwieistesiele nice allo ininienia 159 
DES SETOLOKCLUS Se oc esse ciciclewicis sea eiemetas cies sis 21 
IBCRINYS ae seine eee meee eivieieisisistereierte-lcie'mlal 112 
Ind els ers ere asesiacte seeretene oe <= 112, 113 

Della Wweread aes ose sencle cise sstctecsice isle <inle 97 
(DOL US MUS oe cnc nie we mlalainlm oslo peice icine weieiele 97, 100 
bentley, DasyMmys.....-.---.-.2.---------5 123 
DIESMOISHEs coeme nase eee cca wecicwieeiacieee cielaie 161 
odessse aber aecencce = stile cniemctioniselsseee's 31 
WoehmI SParaxerus|o.-e sec ciemeee cee see 14 
bohm, Natera. 2.1. <= occ ces semisisenia nse =n 28, 36 
Dozast MOPHIOMYSsesce cies siteinsicanaaeiceis «inl 37, 39 





178 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
prachyotus: Xerussseccees os pase ose eee 22 | Dendromus spectabilis.-.............-...-.- 53, 54 
Proad-headedsatowsessa.2-sees eee aes ae 55 Whytele sone cec see eee see eae 49 
cater, Pedetesss ow -2accacese ce ee ears sere ate 1565,\" Dendromysss eaes2oaceuee eee eee eee 48 
cahiirinus, sAcomiy ss. cossese see neee a 116 INSIOMISY Ss Yate poesia hee emcee 48 
campestris, Saccostomus....-.-.--.--------.- 114 MipTifrons) wee ass eee 54 
Canescens, OtOMySiece-s see eee ee ace 149, 151 nigromons: jo: sc2e sees eeeee eneee 54 
capensis; Graphiunuss 260222 --c- =. se no-one T52H nd@ennise: MUS - 3. cscat sa nce see ene eee ee 79 
Tepyisnasse Pacts ee ceer ae 164, 165, 168 Ratbls cee ces eee eae 67,79, 80, 82 
capitis wD endnomiiseseriges 5s eee 490520) dichruras Matera... sss: saseeeee eee sees 36 
IPATAKORUSH 2s ctemsknn sense cise emer 16>}, diminutus, Anyicanthis:-----4-seesseeeen ete 146 
ContralignhpimnySits <n seems meee sae 71 Dipodillus >. . tc oesseteeee sees 25, 26 
DMS os at Ga ee 71 TS OTUYS ewes 22 Cus ck ee meee 146 
CentricolaRro;OoxXers af semen nents eae 21 Rhabdomysscns<sscececeuseeee 145,146 
Seturuss ees use eee ae 21) | Dipodtllus: ees oesee shen c ae Vote ee ee 25, 26 
centrosus, Arvicanthis...-...-----.-------- 128, 132 GiIMINUbUScssahessec ce eceeeE eee 25, 26 
Cepapi, Paraxerussasssasosere eee ness 14 Harwood 544 castors tosses 26,27 
Schur sir sss s tee OEE cs sists 15 LUbOUS + s13snaeni sees Rees wae 27,28 
chanleri, Arvicanthis.....----.-.--.--- 181, 135, 136 percivalin. oo steacetees aso asee eee 25. 
CBE YSONIYS oases sas er tiene se= sama aie 40 SUM] OD eta toe tate het th te ee 25 
chrysophilus, Rattus... ...< =... eee... - 76 SUEMONY XK. axssascsesasaserscee 25,26 
cineraceus, Acomysisss2ssss20 MUSES. 25s. 116 WateDsl sodeosdnssteosaaonebeeeeacs 25, 26 
colonus; Rattusiseysscvsss 2 es 66: |) discolor, Thammomys.ioasasc2-- ean lease 61, 62 
conradsi, Ely strikes js2352- os 162 || ‘dolichurus, Thamnomiys: 529-4. seseseeeees-- on 
convictus, Arvicanthis: -...2----2-2024.-:-... 146 | dollmani, Graphiurus: /.....5-<<-ece0eeebes 154, 156. 
Lemniscomys:....2/.20822..... 143, 146 OLOMY S442 cee toensaaneteee eee 147,150 
Couchs; Rattuss.a2-so4se-- eee eee Ba 875 SOs G4 COPING 0 Bpete olaletetets stetalalete ete =tatetete ola ee etal 152 
crawshayi,-Lepus:-22-5225-2205 2s. 165, 166,168 | dorsalis, Xerus..---............-..2.-...---- 24 
Creckeratssssrossseec Ane soe se Se 1:95\" || dorsatus;,, Hrethizon:..2ss4o0s2s9ncet eset ene 38. 
Gricotidses ee oar yad ros en eS cokes 25. | dundasi, Lateran. oo. -sssescaraeteceseeeee = 32,35 
Cricetomys otro sce eee. 10351045105) |) dumumee,, Eipimysee nooo ememeismeeeerete ee 95 
elgonis. isesctacon PED. es, 104, 105 Rattuse ss chesacase eee 67, 93,95 
ON ULVA: cera Es 104,105: | edits, Ginomiys® <\uec noosa eee eee ee 64,65 
gambianus: 5222292 Os See 225 sie 103 |) effectus; Epimys <<... 2220. 8osteuns eee 87,94 
Ikeny NSIS 2-H IAS «8 104,105 | elassodon, Otomys..............-...2..---- 149,151 
OSLOOR so xro ne sce 105,106. || elgonis;(Cricetomys 5.25. oo aces teesneeeee 104, 105 
raineyissassesesee ee Te: 103, 104, 105 OOM YS. mcccsiqeeseseenet Soe e eee 148, 151 
cristata MVStriKs iiss soars eee eee eae 162 ThaMNOM YS: jacsssaso se eens sae 62 
CUNINnehamel wMlishs sae se sane eee te siaiee 89) liomys MuUNNUS S45 poses oe eee cen 153 
Mylomys..-.. Gee eo aieloetas 125 DEUGVALS creer ate els eine ee eee reel 154 
Rattus ae EET 3.58 89 | emesi,. MUS. \.. 026020 dteoipciarcs ee +. 96,97, 99 
Curraxpeedetesices sce esate es ee ei 157/158 || emini, Gerbillus 312 2522 2c se eenn eee eee 28 
demion iachyoryctese-taseeee ese eee ea 44,47 PATA XCTUS bracciocrsernaeeeeioeeee nee 14, 15,17 
DAS YAMS LUKUS eras eae nee ce 122 SCLUTUS soasacecnos se seen eee see eee eee 14 
ID eS ye ys tate ae eee er 122, 124 (BaISCHS sooo ie eemee Cee eee ee 14 
bentley acer ae ek ee 123 TA tla soo adewcecarieni Se eeeee ee eeee eee 28 
PUGIIZILNS Fl Aa ent eatete 122 Taterillusy co.cc Qeoosencee ete ees 28 
HOLT uss eee eee cee eee 122) .123).124-\) enelavec MUS ccc Sage esse ee eee eee oer 97,99 
INCOMUGUS Ghee ere eee ee eee ae ee 122) ||) endorobre. Hpimys=-u.-o ese e eee eee ee 77,79, 81 
INCAS ee eee eee eee 123,125 | enguvi, Cricetomys...........+.--2 02-2. 104, 105 
MIPTICUIS Ieee eee eee ees 1235124. |) MOSACCOMLYS=io- ce eiieel este oleae mine es See 114 
OADM sooSoceatomecHoKoMsHsueaom- A25S025) |) Hi pIMY Si week trees teie elles eos aeons 66, 67 
SA VRUA Se eres eee seme ats 122, 123, 124 amMalest scene ee saetee eee 76 
daucmus Helioscturusteer see sce eee ee eee = 12, 13 contralis.--s22r2i. eS eee 71 
DendroMussss socatce ee eee 48,49, 51,52, 54 GUPUIM sass esses e eee eee eee 95 
BET EUS Flee eae ee 50, 52 effectusst.csoce sss ea Soccer 87,94 
CADIS: Bag ee ey eee aes 49,52 endorobe..22 eee ae 77,79, 81 
PRIS OTIIS? ee Ar ee ee 48,51 evelynis eres ae ese 87 
Liniea tus sss sso ee ae 50,53 Hinde! : ~.rrcoeteesPS AS 72 
melanotis See ees 48 ismiailiso: <eeneics =. ect ceeheeee eee 87,88 
MIESOMOLAS) Lite te se cee eae 48 JACKSONI S222. eee eee 77 
MAITOHL yoo eee ee eee 50 jUjeUSISee eo. aca eee eee eae 68, 69 
Nieritrons sls sss ee eee 53, 54 Keim OSs. ct. res See 82 
OChTOPUS HAAS See ee ce cee 50, 52 newmManios Mie seas 89 
Ipallescense essere este ticle 49,52 PADYass eS Bee 89 
perccival ser sashs ee Se? 48,49, 51 PEFOMYSCUSsesateeee oa sme eee «nee 77 
PUN ROU See ae stersercic re eta ayers 50, 52,54 | TAteusecisneencecmectos saciewaser seen 68 








INDEX. 179 

» 
Page Page. 
Ppimysistellas:ccececeercorsaeem eee aaseee se 82) || ‘griseus; Graphiuniss.62 tec teen eee eee 152, 153, 155 
ERLE eee ee ome /= Sarnia: 79) ground-squirteliysie =. sce sees eee se anaes 22 
PUTMED ee ponte soe eee cae See (24 |) QUCINIZAT wDasymyS:jseee ack Ysa SoA Cee ae 122 
MPANA Dives kee ce vee ee Scoala SSul hares sstadee nine cole skied sce cee mele ae 164 
AED Reece Meck eRe moo ate aa ROD SO SOD JUMPING). estesssver nese eee 156 
MELTOATIMIE Ne Peenak epee cicekeuckicewece 82))|| harsh=turredimico-4s sec.c-ee cee eee 106 
REreLHUZOMIGOLSAUUS: seme week ee cee eee ones ee 38) || harwoodi; Dipodillus:.....eesceessesetes sacs 26, 27 
erythopus, Huxerus!.-.-.-.-------c-e.202520" 24 Gorbillus sa52 m2 ce Re eee eee 27 
SEER ETILSHRE CMCRE SCRE SECC REC ea eee Cooks |e ELCHODHODINS: 2a see eee Re Ee ee eee eee 161 
erythopus.-...----- Sree Eee teeter 24 albifrons:-::52<c. ese ee aeeeee 161 
fulvion aan cecek eee eee cate eee 24 argenteocinereus....-.---...... 161 
TAGUSETISE. wee-rero-eeeee-ssoseeeeet 23, 24 kapiti.sccscstece< sees. es 161 
leucoumbrinus: << ~---<-<=- sss 23, 24 pallidus. 2:-+..< ats br eee. 161 
TMICFOUONL EA eowo = <i e e cose Reet et eee 23, 24 Spalax. :sssi22sccseeeeee ee 161 
Gvely Mi MpIMYSicce 22 cic ancen See eee 87) Heliophobus:.e-22ess2:ssc4ns ssc eens 161 
follareyPOlonayS:: <2. mn comeicctee Meee ese 125) || Helioseiurus:)..- 22255 s2.eenee Soot ee 9,10, 12,13 
Pe EETTOLISO NCR e aS minis IER EE SE oe 55 daucinus'::.scéses2sseultesceees 12,13 
HOLS PVIIS Meme ee eee ee eepein ee ee tain ystal casio 96 fambianus-...-2.2:-20 224 9 
fl VIO, PHURETUS ec. cece no steer eee ace 24 kenise =: 22214 sce 11,13 
EXCORUS cicemecwensicomesi-neseaceeeeeese 24 lateris: eisisseccassashe eek ash 14 
FUME TUS MUS oc cee sislen eee eee eee oe aaaee 82, 83 Madogess.sssictsesssey oe 13,14 
Ra ttuUSiacee menace at cenceeeer 67, 82, 84, 86 MArWitZiivs <2 2 can cea 11,12 
galeata; yStrix.c-ccse ccc 2 seat meee 162 muulgicolonepe222e2steeeeeeenene 14 
gambianus)|CricetOMlyS:...=<\- + acne eee eee 103 MY AUSH estore ssee eee meee ae 11,13 
Helioscturus:... 2 ssbe eee. 2S. 9 poensiszs.2s. 2542 -ae aaa 9 
PAN SN a PPATAKCLUS coi cic eoc iin nin aeieteeinl= elci< = 16,19 rufobrachiatus: -{jscses i Se 11 
SGIUTUS = asreceee re mindne shee absces= 3 16 TUWENZON 25225: 2 see ee 10,13 
SaAz7olloa WEAAMMOMLYSecc cso neche nese cca. s 61, 63 shindiz#2s22.2240<4 65-2 12,13 
SEMUIIS 7MIUS Werte caje ec mer eee bets oe 103 undulatus: --seeeesceneseeene 11, 13,14 
Geonyehus Kapitit je ccc ccm ceuieetsese etn ec 161" | whellent Rattuse ces: 22 seseeee ote eee 67,71, 72,73 
GerbilliScuss Geet cr .swiccce eas eee eis aa) 28,30; |) Helukus,=Dasymuseess:ssscensesccleceousecee 122 
GerpilliShs eee eter nce chica meee ete eee 27 DasyMyShiesne-eeeesecenseee 122, 123, 124 
CMUINI ecient oe eee cee eeeen cone 28)\ Heterocephalussss222ecs2enet cece eens 159, 160 
HAT WOOGI hs b= cinta si) SRE = echelon 27 ansorgelas: se hs sseeee ee ee 160 
migricaudus..-. -:==.24sbsee.--= 3. - 30, 31 glaberszsssss see a 159, 160 
USMS re ee en EE Ss See Ie 25 progrediensiessseews esse eee 160 
VA CLINGS 251 oye eerie mina Gee OASE cc inte 29 sty. giusssheecesssa ete tes 160 
WL ORSIssme ees cee PME eEe icc ss 25) || (aildebrandtilMusis.c ssscsseceaee eee fe ce eee 94 
POTD USS tetas ae eee he ing ONES So Site 28 IRAtGUSHe ase cee e een eee 67,92, 94,95 
IDISTM Veciaes = sams este <ials ee ome a se ee 25,26 | hildegardz, Zelotomys..............-..2...-- 55 
wiant forestisquirreli..|-24 tee psascteeees 21; |\ahildepardeseMusisstssssssenseecetsternee coe 55 
PACS He calesfajsle lee eiee l= ace See Bates ae 103 ZACLOLOMIYS He. cese ee se ae Sone 55,56 
Meas WR AMM OMY S215 -/-') =) -egaceeemee ee 62) \jhindel+Beamys) ee seensusasnee sees 112,113 
elaber Heterocephalus =< <7. -\-c 22 ae aee 159, 160 EM pimySieeenss fost es Nate ee 72 
POTIGOKOTES WMUS emai ocise = SESM ease es 97, 100 Lophiomys es c2tai ces sy eee ene 38,39 
GAITIMIOMLYS Sek Sessa eR CR IN. ee 57 Mussue SAIS NSB Sid ad 3 o Siete A erie en ea aeS 72 
Gra piairid eae ac eee eek ee Oe eee tn ae 152 RAGtUSULA Sea see sete esate 66, 67, 72, 74 
Graphiurus. 62. ec ccccer a epee 152; 15371553156 .,|| Mouse mousesiset aes. csen sk ssseseese soe 95 
CAPONSIS: Ae ect teckiwte ss cleetekd 152 || hypoxanthus; Ginomys ..-:22=22 0222222. 63 
dollmanices...-t ssesene see ae 1545:156) |, bystrella;Aicomys:24-<-<s22s: 22262 fee 116, 119 
PTISCUS). sociececincee ss eee 15627153;)055\ || Ebystricidge+<=2- 222 545.5-cae 25s soe desea 3 162 
DMGOINUS So yo cmspoetss meh asco 1545] Elystrixswetcec2tsseeusaiceecsekn eeeeeeeee 162 
ISOLAGUS aojee pie retest 153, 155, 156 africseeaustralis!jc-=tsceecesseeeses ae 162 
JOWMStONI wees ee ce enue ee 152, 155 ammbiguatettcerescsse ese eeeeeee nee 162 
AMULIMUS 5 ache ois Sales aoe leioe 152 ConradSsizse2hs st eeecasseeauses eee 162 
OCWIANISE Aa ae6 5-28 Perens stays fas att 152 Cristatagleseessesesses eee: 162 
DATVUIS Ee pewiee ciaiaels 152, 153, 154, 156 galedtas.zccadsuse sees ene RATS 162 
MCLSOUATUS Hees aif creates 154, 156 lademanni: s+: sae ee occ 162 
TAD LOD mere ace sae ay-sieete cee 152, 155 JOnmbersihes isda sas seers Osc u See 162 
SRUUTATUSSsseehee ee ase = 152, 153, 155 DEUCE WACZISE sees se een eee temsccesk 162 
PLAS AUS ayaleiieieels eee CMe eee meee eect 128 Somalensiss2ie ss este ewincwcee 162 
Plata puesraAdanyo ss cetera ee eee ee eee ae 102 Slezmanniie ss sss 5 See cess 162 
FERRE NIG) IN NESE ale poeta gti i a a 100; 102; | ‘ibeanus,-Lophiomys::-:2:-22222 2020... 38, 39 
pregorianus; Aulacodus: z= .22<:<-:++-<<2- 5248 164 Machyoryctess= esc eee  scc2 43, 44,47 
THFYONOMYS: sce a eee 164 HAM POMYS-.1 Sse ska o 58, 60 
griselda, Lemniscomys......-..------- 13651375188: | -i¢onica, Tateras.o. 222222... eo Lo 30,31, 34 





180 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
IEMICUS; ACOMYS: paces. cece: sce seater 116,119 | Lemniscomys micropus ......--------.------ 142 
imhausil, Wophiomys:..-.2--4-s2+-seee nesses 36 Spermophilus=s... -4 shee 139, 141 
INCOM pus) DasyINySaee. cease aces emer as 122 striatts=s.----2=----=eree== 140, 144 
indicus) Daterals-cee sae cca ccecccee sossetees 28 ZODIase so -25 252 ence eeeeeeee 143, 144 
INSigniS; PD) enGrOMUS ee secede > em onesie 28, DU WepOriGee se acisecemieale name eee peer 164 
DW ENGrOM VS sens s seen ces ecie= eee 2) || Go Rae seese ope edoosteesesssecqnrc ccc 164, 166 
AMIE TONE See smeepecooscmecc sae a 62 Pa) SOB es oeescesercestecsessriane 165, 166 
internus, Graphiurus..........52...<s------- 154 CaPCUSIS= eee. ace er eee 164, 165, 168 
Iniroductiont-ses ee sence sees asses eescaeenose 1 GIRLIE NY lea asegcesngssesesoos- 165, 166, 168 
iTAGeSCEHS) EP ClOMNVS: sec ese sseeeen eet --= 125, 126 Sa GTS eee ee melee eee 164, 166 
ATLOLAUIS;, OLOHLYS 9) see ne eaeee eee sar === 146, 149 eM CP ee leiee ee = m= i i eee 167, 169 
isapellinus; Wepusesa--s-csses=eeeeneee= eee 164, 166 microbissoeese-enhe sso cee 167, 169 
isiole, Saccostomus...........------------- 114, 115 TAINGyie ees - ee anaes es eee eee 164, 166, 168 
ISMAStice NITY Sess aces ceee ae see eee sae 87,88 TA2TONSIS soe eee ee eee 164, 166 
Ra UbUSeseee eerie sane nee 67, 87,88, 90 timidus:s.o--- os -here eck = (aeRO 164 
isolatus, Graphiurus.........---------- 153, 155, 156 WICLOLIGS sees eee ene ereetae 165, 167, 168, 169 
ISPSTA Sage cudonnoarSnocmoshbdce sosecr saresase 127 | leucoumbrinus, Euxerus....-..---.---.-.--- 23, 24 
GiminutUstspsease asec sae == 146 SCOTS see eeaiees aoe aan eens 24 
COStIL CHAT Sasse sees aaeemeenee aaa 128 || lineatus, Dendromus= = 222-22 >.< ee ielaeoe 50, 53 
jacksoni-MEipimiys.e.-22222ses25-cereereessss- 77 \ Viodon,Tateras--.-sssseceectceseo.eoeeeeeees 32 
Mit Seeeies ais seasons eee atte = aerate 7@@ |) Mittoraliss Thamnoniys-ce-.=-—=-- eee ete 58, 60 
DSTA ORNs acest ets alsa arate eee ela 16,18 | Localities, list of....---------------- PEeeee ee 3 
RatiUSsescsees es ese eeeeee a= Gi i058 |) lamniberei. ey s (hie. = eee eee eae eee ae 162 
SCLUnUS sess ee eee ee eeeee een sacs 16) Wophiowy See nce cn eon e ssa eee 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 
jebele, Arvicanthis.....-....-.2-.---=--:.- 128, 132 sethlopicus..--2-s-seseseeen= =a 36, 37 
johnstoni, Graphiurus........-.--.-------- 152, 155 DOzas se cee es -en- Fee 37,39 
jujensis; Wipimys>...-.. seems eRe eee ere eer 68, 69 hindélesssssesces =. 4seee ee eee 38, 39 
PEIN ATO see ee ene ere= canes =e eee eer 156 ibeanus: s2522 052522 seco eee ae 38, 39 
kaharigibP araxerus ace -ccisc-seeeeeeeeiaee i 16, 19,20 imbausil.\s.s.sse- seg eae eee 36 
IcpiniOSte gE DILYS seeeise cnn esse cteee eee = 82 testiido. o--<c = c= veceseememene Beemmned 
UA DUS See oeieleeclein eee 67,80, 81, 82 CHOLES Sree eee se eee eta 37,38, 39 
alsotin Ratlusters sce cece ss cess ceecetee (asta 00) ||) Bophuromiysenesseeseeeeeeereceae 106, 107, 108, 110 
kakumeps, Lepus:---.----+---..cecmseeene 167,169 Sfor'socescee «asec ace eseee neces 106 
KAD, GOON CHUS a sete lee eee eee name 161 SANSOLZEI. ee sa =e 109, 111 
Holiophobitis. s:) 4: swagedee-e 2s tenes 161 aquilus......-<.seseenee 106, 107,110 
My oscalopsssesceracesesseee see =< eee 161 margaretts..-.-----seeee eee 109, 111 
kemipi, Acomys'.-------<---<-----—---- 116, 117,120 DPYLEHUS se eee--- sear 109, 112 
Ikeniss; ELGHOSCIUTUS eee - = 2 eee n eee eee ae 11,13 rubeculacce. .cesc-s4 sees wee 110 
Save Gogo dsbonscesusccascsoeacsad = il WON so o- = pees coe ceeiace eee 106, 110 
kenyensis, Cricetomys.-..----.------------ LOS S105) lorinpl) Musso. 22s <-> -sss—e= === eee ee eee 69 
Fal] O1t1S eS eee eee eee re eee eee eee 68, 69 IARI Re aeancensderscdsss-toocco> 67, 69, 70 
Rattus. ...-.--------<------------- 67, 68 Danan OLY Ssaeee ee ee ea aes 69 
Vacustris, HUxerdsss-- esses e ee - ee eee eee = Zdne8) | lucifer. ALbhOSClUTUS: oo. = <5 =n see e eee 10 
DSIRE RSs ebictcosonoscess Sang 24 || luteus, Dipodillus.....-.-.-----s-s25------- 27, 28 
lademannt WElysthixces.. ss -e=aeeee ee eee 162' | lutosus, Thamnomys..-.2---.2.-.----5-ene== 60, 62 
Lagomorpha....----------------------+-++++- 164 | macculus, Arvicanthis...-----.----------+--- 138 
larvalis) Pedetes.-<-..----------~---s--se=r 157, 158 WeMiMisCOMyS ss ses- esses 138, 140 
Lasiomys....------------+++-+-+--- 22-2 seers 106 | macmillani, Thamnomys...----.------------ 63 
lateris, Heliosciurus.....-------------------- 14 | macrocephalus, Tachyoryctes.....---------- 40 
Leggada bella. ..--.-----------------+--++--- 97 | macropus, Meriones.......-----------+---+-- 32 
grata...--------------+--- ++ 2-2 ee eee 102 Materazziccssasbencuee ue eeces ste 32,35 
see ec cee aap en can aa rparcaie 96 | maculosus, Arvicanthis.....-..-.----+-+--+++ 136 
naivashie..-.--------c-2++-+02-+- 95, 96, 99 Lemniscomys .......-.---- 136, 137, 138 
SOLG Ma ceciem wesc e= -ee ee Re eeEee 103 me 14 

GAMER DO me dcady ales Meee 95,96 madoge, Heliosciurus...--.----------------- 13, 
ici Maned rats...--- 2+ .<--00--n ence << --2- cn ew nem 37 
VAGHES ae eye seit nie ceil ee = ee teem 97 feli, M 76 
Wemitiscomys ese sse-- eee e eee saat 136, 138 TUR ee TAS: coer ec an cron sr a rneamere 67 75.76 

albolineatus...-.----.------. 143, 144 PRATT meen cans ocean paras 
Sern Seta tate te 141,144 | margarette, Lophuromys........-.------- 109, 111 
barbarus.....---------- 136, 143, 144 marwitzi, Heliosciurus............--.------- 11,12 
tens een eae ade 143,146 | massaicus, Arvicanthis.........-..-------- 139, 142 
grivdlda is: i226 sauces 136, 137, 138 Lemniscomys. ...-.-------- 138, 139, 140 
MBCCUIUS- a. © cee sieenemeee 138, 140 MUS.....-2-- 20222220 cree seer estes 139 
MACULOSUS 5 \s cate a= 136,137,138 | Mastomys..........-..----------+-- 67, 87, 88, 90, 92 
MasSAICUS =. -psee eee seets 138,139,140 | mearnsi, Lemniscomys...-......----------- 137, 138 
TNGALNSI ee eae ee eee eeeee 137, 138 Saccostomus:..-sseec-eeeeenee 114,115 


INDEX. 181 

Page. Page. 

IMPCICALUS WMUS arena snaleeiiscisseene asso asee 71 us! uaivashte: fic sec ce cca cecereeeeeeeceee 95 
PRALLUS2 cos 5 cle ni mnatecicics ae 67, 71, 72,73 miv.elventris;.5. dees essence comer eet es 82 

MEANS PD ASVIMVS= a naeme es + eteteee ese 123, 125 MOT ewes saeee cone auasteee on ee Peet i ie 
melanotis, Dendromus:-.s.2--.sncncceec-sces 48 peromyscus...... IS biotic batam eee ee oer 77 
MMOeriones MACLOPUS see acew= ence -eeceaniccs == 32° Metilusis: sasccccce ease ee seee Ss ok 100, 102 
TODUStUS saqeaaaaasseeeee eee e- sans 36 Tattiormis. soc. socccuscc coe seen eee 68 
StlemOony xen eemese se acco ee eee 25 TSCTUS Scena acnaavececcnescOee sees 68 
mesomelas, Dendromus...........--.-------- 48 SOrel a cosas cece deacncswee cee eee ee 103 
Mice Marsh-lUrred ese sesee ene eases sean a 106 SOPeUUS SS ccs So bsse seas ce eet ee eer ak 103 
SDH e nee eee eee ceseaisasee acne 116 SOLLCOIdES bcc ketseasne sesesee cee erLOl 108 

TT OOo nce am eee ear esscicacanese cen 48 Suahelics- saga. wore te econ ce eee 103 
microdon, Wuxerus i252 5.) jeseeeiacies seine 23, 24 SUDEUSCUS. S25 Jess eee eee Ae ae 8S 
EMORUIS Hee sous ann n ooeeneeeise ee 24 SUNParse tu NEL oe ee 101, 102 

micropus,; Arvicanthis.. 2 .-----9--secsenee 139, 141 RANG: Sa lsack So ncse cet eee ee nee eee 86 
MemmniscoOmyss...s2eeeeeenee esses 142 LTICON soos cose ee eo eo ene 95,96, 98 

TM CTOLIS PE OPUS teem ee os eek cicncenn eee ee 167, 169 MIPANGECY «ao neae eae cer eee ee nee 88 
MBINITNUS MUS aos 5 -\ nae asaemsaneseeeeee 97,102 VOLICAILRES 5) cfaciccraleitetreciclcierectoee eee 82 
INANNOMVYS! cosas cece cents tees ae oO VOLLORI =). nia'ccces asisieiatc le aot ee 82 

moerens, CHNOMYS <2. ---- sees eeneeee 64 WACINUS 535 Wc occsiow cee seen tenets 97, 100 
MO LO-TALS Cee ee ae melee oe aciee same ee eee 40 WAICKOR <b Sic cc ct enue neren tees 89 
NIKO eee See. cee 159 VOL eof con inisisisinc ene ieaee eee oe 76 
momibase; Vaterann is jo-scc<cce ee eeeeeee sone 29 WOM Cae 2 caso cicicelcn cance oes 101, 103 
montanus, A COMYySss..sessse eee aseee ese 117,120 ODED Sea ca reso Bee eee 144 
mouse, broad-headed...............--------- 55 MWUSCUIUS MUS Sa. 5aNecosccenss soceseeeeer 95, 103 
Ate ee eee ee een ee eRe ee 55 MivlOINYS<2-t Jac cas ncce ss cease See 125, 126 
TGUSOt ese oe et ee 0 ae Spee ay Py 95 cuninghamei..... Lob Beier ee 125 
TIPEATISEO MIS ee wees ee ce mee Matte nice 68 TOOSCVELUL =... <2 de noe senies nee eee 127 
multicolor, Heliosciurus .< 5 -5a.)-=52 > ee 14 MEV OMY Serene tcccat fetes sciec cece 66, 67, 82, 83, 84, 86 
multimammaterats-<-.-.-.cehecsseeeen sss 87 Miyoscalopss.<2 2. -sincteasuaccccseecce sree 161 
MTT se Seperate ce Neuen tet eee EaR 2 48 ADIGE es Sa Ree ee eae 161 
miurilla ;bereadac soo.) cs. sa. = See eed ce 96 nairobe, Arvicanthis.............. 130, 131, 134, 138 
IMIS Boot Scere tS ten AHO 96,99 Dendromusns soon ee ee 50 
ATTN S. WMS = 23s SN oe ee a Oe 96 maivashee,uegrads - 2 so. - ceeace cet 95, 96,99 
MUFINUSIOTOMYS's « -ccnc ~ cals etcebemaceeels 153 IMIS Sa chive ek Seen e eee nee 95 
Graphiurus) a: se -- ose e ceece eee 152 TaAChYOLYCtOS sco sccecise seete ase 43,46 

IMTS eee te owe So es da cice asic ae 55, 95, 98, 100 MOKEAHMNOLE-TAb ss ols Cs re A Cy a 150 
ACHOHWE Fo sae rs eae eee eee eee eeeee 101, 103 NWannomys minimus: -<.2'2 2... ssceesmeese once 97 
AQUULUSSaste ovme soe ces ee eoeee se ewes 106 Moumani, Hy plMys) 2: =)coccec ne teeee tices secs 89 
BNDOLAMUS sea -ace cece see ce seeee ener eee 57 Rattus. cctoe snc nccaceew eee. 67,89, 91 
Ibacchante see ssta-oeisae cose sc ceeeceCeee 64 neumanni,Aryvicanthis: 2:22. .<.eeeeee ne 131 
barbarus se ean sre ceccmace cists cstece aes 144 migricauda, Rattuss 2.22222... -ehe eee ace 69 
DOUUS a Kec astatontee coke Cee eaecee ae 97, 100 TPaterass sosccs cooc Soa aeeee ake 30,34 
GCentralisen sy ceeonceine secre cee nnaseeees 71 micricaudus, |Gerbillus.-\.o.2...sesaeeeeees ses 30, 31 
cuningehamel'. 2020 sccsec nc see eaeee SOM iponienidivs, DasymMiys:---22..ccssseeeneeee ae 123, 124 
GONE 5 Goose sic ance nce tees 79 | nigrifrons, Dendromus........-.-. suse sad 53, 54 
OMOSt reese ee eee se tac eeee ete 96, 97,99 Dendr omys=e-= chi nc pease 54 
enclayce ss pest eesecnt cones seer eee 97,99 Miprita, Tater... <n.0<cisiennc vaccine tet okie = 32,35 

LOTS Sebo eee eer ee ae ea eR sabe 96 miproirons, Dendromyse..sscseecneeseen sess 54 
PUTA GUS Meee eee nee eee ee ses eR eee 825839) niloticus, Atrvicanthis:.\. 22. snsseeeeceeen sss 127 

LOU GLTES a Seen ote A ya a eee 103) |} nivelventris;, Must. 222 -.es.-—deeeasneeeie sce 82 
PONGOKOTHS Sse eee ok gee S700 anor; Musi: oon so neck! 2 oi ie eee 72 
PTAUS Hoc cease aces ene heseneeeeee wees 100, 102 RACtUSS Sctee cocee cence eons 67,71, 72,74 
hildebrand tite sce ss. sc.-c eee eee eee eee 94 |) morvesicus; Rattus: 5-5. -c.cs. sseeebceeeeie = 66 
hildegardere ee sco okcsccece nee 55 mubilans: Aryicantbis----4.--s5sseeceee =0\.1295133 
ind Ole eee eet ac sic eee eS eee eee eee f2e |My Ama. NAtera eee cee ne aaa eae eee 31, 32,34 
HACKSONT sete te aniac cluccote eos ws Raeeee a, |enyanse, Holiosciurus=.- sec. eeesaaseen eee 11,13 

Rca AUS ene ere rhea = boss oe See ee eee 68, 69 Sciuruss. 25 sacveeet Ao Fe eile 11 
LORIN Giese eee soo 3 a khan 69!" |\inyikeeOfomiysiocssces soe ase ee oc see e eee 149 

MAN Letifolinss sen ssc e ee han oe PARTE 76" )|) oblitus> Thamnomysroeesesse-seee eee 61, 63 
INIASSHICUS ose ea oa slslaieinw civ on deeeeeiel2 139) ochraceuss Paraxerus;. secs. caoceeacieeeos 14,15 
AMNOCICALOS aos ste eeen st Saaeee ct eee 71 THAMNOMY SS secon. see ee eee 63 
IMITIMUSH SH As os eee eee eae eee 97,102!) ochropus, Dendromus: +=... .=scssecedse oc 50,52 
MINTS EO eet nelele lini sro ni=iiel jailer ie cee cies 68), |) ocularis, Graphiurus>..222.. cscs ebeeneeee == 152 
TATTERED eee Bs Saal ean 96,99 GEMONT YS sce see care oa vase caae see eee a 63, 64,65 
ARUMIMUS See ets base aoe ot bytettas 96 bacchante.sa.->-esaeteeeeeeeaass 4 64,65 
RNUSCHUUS Ss oon ee ose cds ioe eae 95, 103 OdItUS ces se sas e Sa ae 64, 65 





182 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
@mnomys hypoxanthus!.. 5222) eeseseme 63: «|, percivali,) Paraxeriste. css eooeuceeeee eee 19,20 
FNOSRENS 2 sks aioe nn ae 64 TA TONG sekiscer cea ee ee 31, 34 
ODS Eee ia us ane seers aoa 64 jp peromyscus, Eiplmyss d.-kxesctaeeeeeceeeee ee 77 
UTVOLN soos aia /a <c/acasice seen ee see 66 MUS hiscsaceeen Ue ae 77 
Wallicolat os: 6 pee So ae 65,66 | * Ratttse. diate ee ae 67, 77,78 
orestes; Ofomiys oe. 20S) wee ee ee 147,148,150 | personatus, Graphiurus.................-.. 154, 156 
Oris, ; Gin Oma y STE eee ina eee eS G4) ]) petilus cMUSbo ic mickntecroremee ee ener meee 100, 102 
OMatus; Paraxenrns nic cicieeelceceeo gee 15) | PHeeOtis,pAnVACAnLnISiysceaseee ener a aeeee ae 136 
OnuhosDasymyse sos socec ta aatenqeceee 2235) 1251 (ena ChOMIyGeaaceeemntee eee we oe eS EEO YS 36 
Oryctenopid ew caoeu yacaaee cc Saco mane 1169) UL DISIN Wi SOEDILS enecccee: eceecee ee oe 25, 26 
Onycteropuswees 9-35 47 ao eee 169)" Poemyesaceeeae i cbaveckns theese sees eee 48 
SLHIOPICUS AG ase eee eee 179) ||| poensis, ASGHOSciUrUSe- aeons eee ee eee 10 
Biers Sets eee ee 169 EeLLOSCIUTUS einer ee ae 9 
Oszood!l,(Oricefomysiox- -osaccaesecenosseee 105, 106 Sciurusssccetasasie oe ee 15 
OPOC YON see gua iac aca seb So aeme somes 157 | polionops, Thamnomys.............-.- 58, 59, 60, 62 
COM IgE RS 2 DG Nicaea ae ee 146) | Porcupine sca. osceeeciseceneaoee pe ee 162 
Omombys oy A. ea rclgese cues sees 48 i126, 147,,050) | pothes, | Patera jcc cr settee 29,33, 
angoniensis)... Sasisiaasescctaceanerees 149) || pouched rats. cee ence ee 112, 114 
ECANOSCENSLis-iisrs an carsales 1495151" ipreceps, Arvicanthissssass5ss-e ce oe eee 130, 134 
Colma ryatin seit ee Re W475 150! [WP RROMEYV See erceiceeicereeerac eee vena 66, 67 
LASSOG OM porcistelo sa taaiete Soria 149,151) | pratensis; Steatomys: ccocecuce ees teeee eee 55 
CLRONIS Tete cs satel aes etc 3485151 |uprittwitziy Hystrix. cc. seuees eee eeee en eee 162 
ALTOVALUS species ations aatverciesta sneer 146,149 | progrediens, Heterocephalus..............--- 160 
ALVA EOG  jaie toh eats moan ERR 149), \ PROCOKELUSL Suck cemewtucenreeeoes Eee eee 21,22 
OLEStESE e455 steers 147, 148, 150 OAR. wet Peecctdedneneotnnmmeee ee 21 
Squailnst 24-5: c oe eae eee 147, 148, 150 Gentricola:<<i<1<.cenncienteoeeeeee 21 
THOMASH oo seis cence SS eee ee 147,150 Stangeri cine eek cen nimecseeeecee 21 
EROPICHHS 249 osc sateen 14751485150) | pulchellus, Aicomyssc242.-<0 ae see sees eee Lay, 
OXY My. CheLISH ES. Ma ssismiseroeoro sere eee 106 Arvicanthis:citcntseces saseeeeee 142 
pallescensArvicanthis5: 35.5 cceemeesce 130) 184° ||) pumilio, Rhabdomysia-cieeseceeaeeeeer cee 146 
Dendromuss jd eee eee eee 49552) || pusillus, Gerbillus. cio. caicceeeeeee tee eee 25 
palligtns;;Paraxerus 2. ce a. oe eee ete ee 14,15 THY ONOMYS2 22 -ceee cece caer eee 163 
pallidus; Heliophobius....\<c-ceeeoeeet aee ee 161: | pyrrhus: Lophuromys-eo--+-eseeeee- ee nee 109, 112 
panya Hpinyse occ cssckeosee eee oeke 89 | raineyi, Cricetomys.............--2---2 103, 104, 105 
VALGUS a eioke seed PCE ae 67,89, 91 epusezcset<t ecaeeneecee seeeee 164, 166, 168 
IBATAXELUS See aes Kose ee ORR 14517518 |) raptor; Graphiuruses.5.-os<.ceee es arnerese 152, 155 
ALIMOSUSaeec eh acise eee ees 19320: | Tats, creek. ee cee ek see cee te canes eon 125 
APUSCHNSISC Ue cee eRe ees 15, 17,18 Giants. PoP AR tcc LeSewe Geek eeeeeeee 103 
AWRSUSUUS 2 ae ould Jee eee ee 20 PTASS 4 ACW. Ledeen bee eee ee ne eee 128 
OCMMAS es. owe wee ee Cee 14 Mand ss sence dkWinncene ace seek eee 37 
CA DITISS cc Hearts Oe ee 16 54813) (: eee ee ee ee en 40 
CEDADICS Ee Scce LE het eeee eee eas 14 MUM AM MAT ss es Se ee 87 
QIN Ae cece cc ce 14, 15,17 POUCHERIs Att ce cee cmicue cee 112, 114 
CANAAN. - envaccceweer eee eee 16,19 FUStY-NOSOGs 00.6 sccescqees neces 63 
jacksonivsccteecuce eee eee 16,18 stripedgrasszcc cc eeca see eeeemeeeere 136 
keahanices scscus.eetcobe dees 16, 19,20 SWAMPS. ctickdeeSecentkn weckeeeeee 122, 146 
OGHTACEUS:Gastee ic cere 14,15 Cy Pica eke. etek ened eeeene Aen 7 
OMMatus. i cccc! ee ee 15: | rat hiforms MSs eee eben). cee cee eee 68 
palliatis:.inukess cee tee ee 1454950 || \rattus, Be pimysises. esses pec cdee eee 68 
percivali. .iccc cx ccen et aeee ee 19, 20 MUS hard id wiaratecroretirete ee ale erate erste ee 68 
STIAHELICUS Eee NeLMa eee eee ee eee 15,17 Rattusiiecs. s5.soe see eee 66 
PAPVUSPBHOMYS2.. sce cas cet eee skeeceeee eee T54) || RECtUS: So cohseb assed seen aas sa seese eas 55, 66, 67, 77 
Graphiurusxeties.eeueee 152, 153,154, 156 alexandninus <2: tent eee ae 68 
Bed GGesii 2. Aciecrentiocinsedbuacen SESS. 156, 158 chrysophiluss -ccvcasegasr ee see 76 
COPED eosin d seseriteneceeeeoee eae 156 COlONUS! J. ocnee ane ce eke eee eReE eee 66 
CUITAK occ tite < hick PO Ree 157,158 COUCDAc ciewse Reeee eset = REE EEE 67, 87, 89, 94 
latvalisysis.coossdeeete see nere 157,158 cuninghameis 2002... <2. 22 ezsee ee cee 89 
SULGaSterss22 alee ce mete 156, 157, 158 Genni se jaa ae eee Ser cee ioe 67, 79, 80, 82 
Pedetidee cc AU ec En 156 GurliMme es re LR 67, 93,95 
POlOMYS.. aha e eee eae eee PSR U125 3126 fUMAG USA ek ke 2s Le eee See 67, 82, 84, 86 
fallax aos oes IE AR ee 125 helleri sso a 67, 71, 72,73 
inidescens ss .13=2 so. LAL OL 8 B26 hildebrandtii: —...22 eee 67,92, 94,95 
TOOSOVElt 352265500 SO Se 127 Hindeln ees ee ee 66, 67, 72,74 
Percival, A.comiys sors Js 25 sseiseisiateteeia teeta 118, 120 Ismaili ince esheets 67, 87, 88, 90 
Dendromius-.- ac nceetooeee sees 48,49, 51 jacksonll.ccdekcdecetccdend eee RE 67, 77,78 
Dipodilltigh:- iach ew eece eee: cee 25 keaimoasse seek cece cd een ecec ee 67, 80, 81, 82 











INDEX. 183 

Page. Page. 

Rattus kalserits occ. cece sins ceccie wasn sic TAs 74,70, |rsciurusleucoumbrinus? (22-2. sj. ccc- ss cco 4 
KMADIUS Te ewac ce ceeles Cotsen se scene 67, 68 UY AT SCS eset leletelereystetatatl= sete eisictere eletsferelere ll 

LOnIN git sso ates aa catiocicceesisecae 67, 69,70 WOCUSIS Mec Meastecetaclee aise eice es 15 
MANOEL Sema ce ache saccees 67,75, 76 MULWENZOLI seme seieeiocieeclericncciocs 10 
NOCICH US at aaee mas snaececate 67,71, 72, 73 SUAheliCiSeeeee eee ee ete reece 15 
MOUIBANI Ess soc esc cctece sosceececee 67, 89,91 PATI AG seme ect see else masie sn ceicissies 14 

MI PTI CRUG Mets sao eacs cee ances 69 undulatus....- Soateececisse tester 11 

MOLES Meese ecisaccecaeese 67,71, 72,74 VILL GAITIUISmerctate es eeisleleesisinimnieleicise tai 10 
MUEVESTCUS) a uewisis\c nists melsine eiiscecicee cae 66 VILIPATISeaeeeeticies seeisisiceiecs tis se eee 10 

AMY Aes sass: secs cciseciccie sic 67, SOs Oly | SCrab-SqUILKOlS sae tolcrelarstcielareleteteieleiciereicieinistsicts ats 14 
DELOMUYSCUSH saesistece acti saceleise a e/a = 67,77,78 | semipalmatus, Thryonomys..........-.-.--- 163 

TALLUSte eaten ec tec toics Saecses ce 66)5|)}Shinds | Hieliosciurus soe. < cles cisicinse sin.cic 12,13 

Stollawweeeee ese +. wcleseescicleectscswies 82h SIMON ipo CUS eee ct a eicmerctelecincleeelase 25 
SUDIISCuS ee ease woes os G7 Sse Soe SOn li SMMIG Hee atera wnt tel wtcroclctttcteltstclay sca 32, 35, 36 

alice merece cee sciccis Caacscie seni 67;79;'80 |i(SomalenSisrEbystrixttUkerrscelcerie lettelecae 162 

LATA ise celesicinc dee caseewesee 67; 85,86) | Somalicus+Arvicanthiscen see cericscieisiscecctic 131 
GINCtUSE eee cee poe aeeaeeeaanicis's 67, 89,91 Tach VOrycresesnecae -eeeeincececise 40 
UDOT ees creel ome eicis ae 66H77;,.28 eSOrellastbepradat setae tue cele tal teieidece esate 103 
GUNM|Tl eee wlaclec eels eile este ces 67, 72, 74 MIS Wirthu nee SNe ir retain Ia iae ce retct mae 103 

gan deetee easels ease cd GTS7 8890's HSOTELLISS Mais * sen tn mtun ta nati ecient anwete Mir NT 103 

VOLE ORM tee stectea tae satta clee cases cs 827835, PSOLICOIdes SMuSeaiert ceemeriestemcrticese secs 101, 103 
WICTOLIES ee tele cies a ncetscmtewies secs ais 89 | spalacinus, Tachyoryctes..-......2...c.-- 41, 42, 46 

VO Lette erate p rire t Alon L908 Sethe Mee 674760 | LSpalax “Heliophobiussesscscseeneosncetsernes 161 
TOPLANS VAT VICAMENIS See see itcicoe seca dee 1315135: || Spectabilis,;-Dendromus-.-- 222-22. --2--2-- 53, 54 
TEX LACH OLCLESH sees ease Nessa fae selaes 41,43,45 | spermophilus, Lemniscomys......---..---- 139, 141 
RAD dOmysee ese ec etek cuelcee seen 146 _ |) Spermosciuruss eee aee re cee ceaerinceee cats 22 
GiIMINUHUSSS=ses2 ase see oe ee coe 1450146) SPIN yz TAGES © tmenteteseee cee eee ete neeeeeee 116 
(PUMPIOSssseaaec ee cece wesc cS 146" |"splendens; Rhizomiystss ss 4-seecec sone e sens 44 
UNIZOMLYI Ge esas thane doce e ees ee ceo eee s 40 Tachy ory ctes¥sa-esse+ ees vaeeee sel 40 
Hhizomysiananectensteuns-scccseccee ce csece 43 | squalus, Otomys.......-..-.-..----.:- 147,148, 150 
Splendernsseasmacciseeececieece scene Ade | SQUINTE] SY cs ste nice tne eect aee haces eee 9,14, 24 
TODUStAy WALELAsss secs cose ceMacccesecelessics 35, 36 SIAN TOLEStO saan cee 21 
TODUSLUSHIMGMIONES ies sene ce selscceceecseeeee 36 PTOUNGME escent ee eee eee 22 
MAtOrasaarataa os esac ea sbeee cece 36 SCEUDeeociacisnceseseeeicerecemecaacets 14 
LOG entiaes ae sso sec nse sacs sae etee coh oe dece 9) | stanperivProtoxerusss--ccsccceeoeeseceeecas 22 
TOOSEVEltI, Mylomyssscsccccccss seceseccccese 127), | PSUCALONLY Sasnecle sie tsaac cee nenateneatiaae meee 55 
IPOlOMIY SS see ee sess etice es ocetelacc 127 ATH Pa ase esaceesncesesaeeee ste 55 

Tubecula, Lophuromys..<.::.2..2..2.2----.- 110 pratensis yaw asececeeseece ne cscee 55 
rubescens, Arvicanthis................ 1285129,.133))|| stepmannt- sy Strixe so sesce oe asaneor ee asecne 162 
Fudd) Dendromussssccsece es cccseae face ce BOR52554)) ‘stella sh pimyss es ssssecscceetemecceneeerecs 82: 
PachyOryebessssesocccssosces socce seee 41,45 FURtCUS ecient erctec ae 82 
TUAITONS PMOTUSU sae oesscce Shoe boas esieee - 22823. | stigmony x. Dipodillussswetes aces semaee sac te 25, 26. 
rufobrachiatus, Heliosciurus-...............- 11 Meriones* {tia -ssaserae ee eer eee 25 
MUS LY -NOSOGWRUS so uce Jasco assets oa ee ese 63) |) storeyi; Tachyoryctesseo. sos. eects ee ce 40 
MMT GLIS EN OLUS Ete eea see sac se obese cece tesa 22,24 | striatus Arvicanthusescss eo etesen sctecene. 142 
HUTLULUS aM eneace asc oee seco es sens ae aoe see 66 TCUINISCOMTY Sie stees sae sisiaate sale 140, 144 
ruwenzorii, Aithosciurus...................- 10 |e Shripederassira ts: Onsen cceeme eee tec eat 136 
OH OSCHUTUS= 22255550206 Une 10:13], stygius; teterocephaluseies essere ss ee 160 

SGU SS ee 35 ote SEO AEDT D | 10. |) SUahelicus) Muss eye ee er 103 
ACCOSLOLUS. aa maanas seer \5Ie ana aietem ie 114, 115 IE AUER CLUS females clei iselcla eile 15,17 
CAINPeStTissassesse sate e sere esi) s 114 SCIUPUS Ear tes aementele eet craere\s 15 

dsiolas te jssesc et ecaes Noses ees DLA21Sy ||} SW@biuscus Muse roa teatsiactinelene Sle el steieielaieys 83 

IMGALNSH ses sas nse te ee eee 114, 115 VAG EUSE ee ra ems eerie te 67, 83, 85, 86 
UMPLIVeNtEr. = se ses -l= s)he = 21 114,115 || SuDgares, Mus: 2.22920 2022 eee. 101, 102 

Savuratus, Graphiurus..---25-2-+ +. 152,153,155 | Surdaster, Pedetes.........-..--...-..- 156, 157, 158 
EMOTUS tess eminence sistas ence amass 22, 23 Ph AMINOMLY Siete ems aee eal sale 57, 59 
savannus, Dasymys.......---------.-- 122 123 N1OAN eSwaIp TALS! eee cee eae sence sn ese e ete 122, 146 
SAU ce aroma rele area ete elaine wim ls ecient oe 9 | swinderianus, Aulacodus..........-.....---- 163 
BACIUELIS fe njo nin cfolciclafn vials ooe = no= w= cece cteme = 9,10 Pry ONOWy See eco scoala 163 
BTUSCAUSIS Mee eas cesee sccceeeeeaeiet L5y|achyoryctessse 7. eensnten eee 40, 41, 42,43, 45, 46 
(Crile) EV Soopapodecieqesseseorioggt 21 ankle wesser nr eee ewer er os 47, 48 
cepapi.......-.---.------.+--+---+--- 15 GNNECtES Senso eases 40, 43 

OMNI a5 5-2 ota tee oe ieee 14 LUG teen fetes eee 42, 43, 46 
ganana...--.------------------------ 16 adiUSe ese r sas eee see ee nee 40 

J LCE OTT year aiot tatfalnl Jefe stereo iatatat 16 (Os S509 (0) a LON rel 44,47 

QI eo ee ata ai tacial=eiols = Seas mraeeatetatelctolert 11 TOTS hal DISS ess eka a 43, 44,47 

64952—19—Bull. 99, pt 2-18 


184 INDEX. 


Page. Page. 

Tachyoryctes macrocephalus................ 400) stigrensis: Lepusi)-<c.-cee.2cesme neice meee 164, 166 

NAVAS eee A ee See es. 43,46 timidus! Wepliss sess seca ce eee ren eee 164 

TOKE occ neaeash ececeeeeeoe AY 43545> || pUnChYS Rattus. fans see eee eaten oer 67, 89,91 

TUCCe ee he a eee nee 41,45 tEOINICE. 3205s. coe ese eee ee ce eee eee 48 

Somalicus.- 5-22 s0-eniseteeecee 40") | )Driaulacodus:: oss 2-0. coc- eee cee ee eee 163 

Spalacinys:s.-- sess caesar 41,42,46 | triton, Leggada......... Sy Cee a 95,96 

splondensss2oasc- cee 40 SVE UIS se Ea ee ee eens oe 95, 96,98 

Storoylsnascesset cs ieceen ee ene AQ) | MtropieslishOtomys:...-..ss cesses sees 147, 148, 150 

talte Epimys-acecccrsoce ce noc sent eeeeee 191) SUSIDUNGENtATA: sne4 so cctie ease eee ee eee EE eee 169 

IRACLUS! scteeonee seen oe terete eee 67,120 S0)5 | HOU beretatblStcnoccn soos ce ee eeeree 66, 77,78 

MMamiscuise secs ee cone nee seat eee eee 14st) TUITE, spn VSM hos ecs cise cls REE OEE 72 

CUNT at ae eee eae oe ens ee Ae ee 14 RBG GUIS hee tte iho yO 67,72, 74 

tana (Musee ene ee co ee tree pote ene reer 862]. typical ragsls se aos ees es ee eee 67 

FRALLUS seat cone eee eee eee 67,80,805 || -Upandco, My pimyse-cssesstass> =. cases eee eee 88 

TAtern. wo scece an: aces lees tects 28, 33, 34, 36 Mus) 2252 200.2 ee es eee 88 

Salta Stee tee WO RN RBE AL Jeu IEEE 28 Ratts ese eee Le eee 67, 87, 88, 90 

Dodessseye she Pes Ske ea ee ee me 31 CLUPUS*s S224 Leone eee 14 

DOHMIss see (sees tence chet eee eee 28, 36 Wranomysrs 5.22. ye eee 112 

GIiGhraras estos econ oe eee eee 36" | (Mee EDU YS. 22 eco cine eee eae 82, 83, 85 

GUNG aSIo eet ee cee en a ece Cee eee 32,35 | umbriventer, Saccostomus..............-.- 114, 115 

OMINS nee elo ce anes oes Cee ee 23)))|) undulatus Heliascninus 2 e2-s eases nee 11, 13,14 

ICOMICH sre cates Sekt ae ee eee 30,31, 34 SCIUTUS eso eS eee eee 11 

INGICUS See oan ee ee cee ee 28i)|) UY Ori, CHMONYS 222 oo sec nae ee eee ee 66 

Lind Ons. eacnce ocean amen eee eee O24)|) \ULANOMVS se cec tee osc chen ere deat eee eee 112 

ITIACTO DUS iaicssisio wos mismciaicien ae ioneteeie 32,35 Upan dee eee Shc 5 i els eee 112 

INOM DASA Ss Jonette aah eee ee 200) Vallicola,| inomysts 2s. sess sees se 4 seep eaee 65, 66 

NIPTICAIGAS | cote cee ee ae eee eee 30,34 Vania, Pateraens ac eae hoe eee 28,35, 36 

NIPTICAS aaa at aoc oehes pee EEC ee eee Se,00), || Venustus, Thamnomys. .- 22. csceeeeceasenes 57 

TV AINA <b e ccran ole oaeoce ee eee 31, 32, 34 VeIreaxl, HE DLMYS= - 2.32 .cene-¢ecesenese ees 82 

DGUCIV GLa re ya eee eet ge ee Rew txts 31, 34 MOSS le eis eke eae aoe 82 

DOCH eee cote t se heeeas eee eee 29, 33, 34 Verroxd, MUS! cast emooons foe ce eee eee 82 

TODUStAs- sore nccoe ccaac eee eeeeaes 35, 36 Rattus >. -ccccces oc tecee nr ateeeeeeers 82, 83 

RODUSUUS | suet ce neue sseeer he neecane 36 |e vicina wuepeada esse sees sce se Seeeeeee eee 97 

Smmithise eases ates ee eee 32,35, 36 Datara crs cote ee cease eee eee 29, 30, 33 

VADIA ere one te cece aac eae 28 S0,00% ||) VACLNUS 1GerbillUSsass. 2. see cesses see aoe 29 

WICIN Aso aise reece ccemascendecosets 29, 30,33 Mises his cee toh ek cat eee eee 97, 100 

PACCHMUS esse hse nee come eee eee 21,28) levictolice,;uepUse soceeen eee aee eae 165, 167, 168, 169 

QMUINT eases fete e eae eeeeee 28 Musi se! 2 snc col ck coe eeeateeeee eee 89 

Taterona seen. cece cece acco eEe 28 IRaGtUS! 2.23.) eee eee eee 89 

tosticularis “At vicanthiss css. 42-525 ee senses 128,132 | vinaceus, Zelotomys.............---.-------- 55, 56 

ESOMYS oats at osce ce oe eee 128) |Pvirescens, Ar:vicanthis= ==> pe seseeeeeee 131, 135 

testudoe; LOpHioMys <2. cone sae eer Sion. VOL «MUS! s 20. cass cces a oes ss aee ones 76 

=LAGIMNOMYSssasen so yocseee nace eeee ras 57, 58, 59, 60 RAGtUS:. 0 oats <a eRe een eee 67,76 

GISCOlOn see fee eee nee 61,62—|-wallcanius, SClUTUS.-.+.-4.225-5-ce- cee eee 10 

Golichurus ss. oc sa. sce s-ee << Oe b WU Paris, SCLUTUS=:2.. oc ce esas see eee eee 10 

eleonigy saree sa) see eee ates 62'Tl Eewamise MUS eee nan easen nas ss hence sence 101, 103 

pazellee 2: en. ees oe eases 61;685)|) watersi, Dipodillus!s: 2 oe ee eee aeesee ee 25, 26 

PIgas 5... o os cee setemneen ante 62 Gerbillus2c<2 22. <sseeeeceeerec eee 25 

UD@ANNUS selec ite ee ine sapere BS GOW) -whytel, Dendromuss.-- -2.>s..ss-sseere en eee 49 

INSIZ MIS ao ae ce eee eee eee eee 62. |i: walsont, ACOmys:s_.- ccs <ce se=-os cose eee 118, 121 

MHEtoralissesse ©) 2c see eee 58560) |) ‘witherbyi, -AcoMmys..cc so. 4sceceeeeeeeee eee 116 

loving: 252g. 0 223-2 sees ees G90 8 Xerosyy. osc cots coe nene eee ete eee eee 22 

TtOsus = 27 ae eee Be GON62)h | PONCIUS See seen ae em ee eee Raa 22, 23, 24 

macmilani.s2. 2). weet e 63 brachyotus..........-..---+-+-------- 22 

Oblituss nes oe ara 61, 63 dorsalis. ......-.-..+--2-2-2+2--2+0+-+- 24 

Ochraccus’ 25) sib sy ewe 63 fulVior. ...-.----+-+-+++2020-2-2-2220e- = 

polionope..-2-.00-5 e208. 58, 59, 60, 62 lacustris. .........-----+-+-+++e+2r-+0+ 

SUTCHS LORS peat eee eae 57,59 microdon......-.+--.2+---+--02se-c0+- alae 

VONUISEUS Ac ee ee. eae ee 57 SS eee Repo"! aan eee aaa ; 

; . VUtiUUSs3 ss Fase oe oes cdiosa fossa eee 22, 24 
thomasi, Lophiomys ml onl cea 37, 38, 39 SatUTatiS seo oc we Swsck dc eee 22, ae 

Otomys. = winiw aslo ic'w mimialninaiain[alnjainielelnie 147, 150 zebra, Lemniscomys. . ty cn eee Loses 143,144 

THY OnOMYyid eee ences seamen aaae see 163 Mis teh ote ast oe ee 144 

Thryonomys tte eee eee ee eee eee ee eens 163 DElOLOMYS 2 5. 56cee esas sae eee Ree 55, 56 

Sregorlanus. <2. --.sc=----2-5- 164 hildegardse. 5. ..4eces- 04ers 55 

PuUSWMS. oo. 52s qsck meee aeee 163 | . hildegardess!:-..-2.2.--s.(esiee eats 55, 56 

Semi PalMmAatUsses seek ee 163 VITIACOUS! wet seh cine See eee 55, 56 

Swinderianus)2-s.-s5seoeaease 163 0!)'zena, Wophuromiyss----<- =es= sees ae 106, 110 


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