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"■3 

i 



J 

i 



»L«--^ •n-t.j»i-'\. 



WIIJ^IAAI MA^ 



►".(.. . Vfr/r^g.* /vZ^K-Wr^ « 



\iISTORICAL ACCOlfN 

VOYAGES,, 

TRAVELS, AND DISCO Y I 
TIME OF COLUMBUS 

To TUlt 

PRESENT PERIOD. 



•• Km tl'li ink nilK lArto (.dull fr^r Ml 






VOL. i. ; 



z ci ff a (? A'.- 

rxtKIED von «,'^t->K «&1>Xt 

i'l". PAvi'ft tnutcrt iii».B. 



COisTEVrS OF VOL. 



f^IR^T ftyi'S* tifColiimbui, 
• ScrenJ i' 



'. i'ojo^e if Coliirnbul, 
Third t'eyog,!- oj Catambas, 
foutti' a'nJ lnjl CsvJgt cf Columtui, 
Bi^grap'hual fiohi^i 6/ lit Cahis, aaJlitir Dif- 

BhgrupHiel VoHcei af Ameriaii P'fJPutiui, ettd 
hh Difcaverii't, _ , . 

bifca^iriii tf tit Sfaniardi, fnm lie DiAli of 
CelumliBt, n tit Exfcdilkn tf ISimanda 
Corttz, . • ■ - 107 

irtef AtcBuHl of the CenqKtJI ef MfXi'e, ^J Hir- 
nando Corliz, _ . _ 

Br'iif Account of til Conqutfi of Frru, ly Framit 
Fiziirro, . . . - 

Crntral Charaft/r aiui DifcHpthn cf Ihi Almri' 

ginal AmirkanSt - - . 

Hrft Foyuge BJ y.iffHfx di Game, to iht EaJ} Jt. 

diti ; ivith a freli-nin^rj^Ufo'lvisp op ihe^ 

aHtfctJt'il DifavrricifiJ^^f Pirtil^icfir, ':''; -VJj 
fuyrrge tf Ptdra Al-uurei. .U'Cubraff it ibi t'fi.-' ;''.:' 

Indi t. - :■-; ;;•. . ,- , aij 

S.-cetiJ I'eyage ef t^afqiiex de Ci^i, jcrfj Ei/f 

Iridift, - -_ ' "-'■'■■■---■ J J J 

Gtnrrai ytetu nf the Pros^nfl a^i^lIif(Use pf-' . 

iht Porlu^Licfe inlcrcjl iit-f]i£f.fffi;lr\d!^i '•' ■"» 
Tti fejax' "f i'trdimuid Magtllan, KoaitJ tbi 





r DEDICATION. 
TO THE KING, 

SIRE, 

^B IT is the peculiar glory of 

I Your Majesty's reign, thai il has cn- 

»largcd die bounds of fcieiice, incrcaf- 
ed the accoinmodaLions and comforts 
of life, and eMcndcd the rcfcarchcs^r 
knowledge, as far as ibe daring fpirit of 
difcoverj' can penetrate, or man exitl* 

Under You it Maj csttt's aufpices, we 
have fecn Teas explored and lands laid 
open, where Europeans \iii ftiNtxsW 
Vol. I, A ^''^^ 



DEDICATION. 



« 



lured before. We have feen loo, that 

xiifcovery has been made fubfervien' 
|.to ihe moft valuable purpofes of hu. 

man life, by a reciprocal exchange o 
(the bleffings of difTerent climates. Th 

fruits, roots, and animals of our ow: 
'country have been tranTplanted with 

fuccefs into the idands of the remotcl 

caft; and that rich produ£lion, the 
jread-fruit-tree, will foon, we trull, fi 

lace the natives of the cxtremeft weft. 



While thofe important ends were mo 

.immediately in view, inferior objed 

rhave sot been neglcfted. From the 1. 

hours and obfervations of navigaiors, ih 

extenfion of fcicntific knowledge ha 

Ifeen blended with the moO. iwctcfti 

mum' 




DEDICATION. 

amurement; and the folitary (Indent, 
(he commercial adventurer, and indeed 
every dafs and dcfcripiion of men, can 
attend a Byron, a Walms, a Cook, 
a MuLCRAVE, or a Burcn through 
thofe voyages which Your Majesty's 
■wifdom planned ; and reap the benefit 
of the acquifition, or enjoy the plca- 
fure of the narrative, without the dan- 
ger and the toil. 



To whom then can aNEWCOLLEC^ 

TION of VOYAGES and TRAVELS witH 

more propriety be dedicated than to 
Your Majesty ? From ynu, Sibk, the 
mod important of them originated. At ' 
once diftinguifhed as the ijm.x'a^ -aA." 
Judge of whatever adds eXt>yi.-^^^ "^"^ 




:j 



DEDICATION. 

lire, or foiidity to amiifement ; of wl 
ever expands the wing of fcience 
humani/.es the heart, thofe works, whol 
profefTcd intention is to promote fuc 
important objefls, have fume clain 
to Your Majesty's proteftion. 
ibis bafis I red my hope, that the p 

.™, .„„...„. ^ 

Long may Your Majesty's virttTi 
illumine the world, and lale recei\ 
their well-earned reward in another, 
the fcivent prayer ofj SIRE, 

rouK majestyS 

MOST DEVOTED . 

SUBJECT 4ND SESTAH 
XnJt», CtlJier i!, 179(1. 



PREFATORY INTRODUCTION. 



I 



i 



I 



IK ths MT\f agei of the wniljl, (he migrau 
lions of inankiail were few. 1'hcir waoa 
being circum!r,tilc:l by ihcir \ewitn\cc of lux- 
uries, ihcy generally piffi-d a kiiia lA ycf^etnite 
life on ilic IjKit whcic t'lcy were born. Their 
views cxtcntli.'d no further than ro ihc procmiiig 
l)i«v.ie neteffurics; ami fe* countries where 
men have fixed their fciirlcncc, arc I'o ftcril and 
iiihorpi[iil)Ie a« not to fuppty ihole. 

The admirers of unculiivami or fa v age lile 
recur witli picafure to thofc Jays when htinlio); 
was the thief ainufemcni; miik and hcrbc the 
principal ftipport of man ; and nature the guide 
and ihe modeller of hit paffions. By dcgrecf, 
however, ambition crept in lo difturb hi» re- 
pofe : he longed lo enjoy a more fertile fjwt, 
which his neighbour occupied ; to poirefs more 
numerous lloclts and herds; and to lodge in 
more artificial and commodious dweUings. 
AmbititHi piued the vray to commerce; and 
coinmcice ended in civilization 3wi\tWws«,v,\- 
S}- ibefe, ihc wants of inanVLxM victc. TO.\i*.\- 
pliedr ahJ the mind gained a ttevi ft:\w^^i\^'i^'^'-''^ 
the tkiire wf Supplying ihem, Ut^-* ^-^ 



"PKEFATOSY IKTBODDCTIOV. 

encouraged, diligcni:e rewartled, and every fa- 
ciiliy of the foul, roufed from tlic corpor of in- 
a£tion, (Vans inio lite; and motion. 

Such were the progreflive fteps by which 
tlic human kind advanced from limpiicity to 
artificial exiftence. And if the former has rs 
admirers, it cannot be denied hut that the lalUT 
has given rife to ail the energies which exalt 
the man abi.v; tile brute and confer on him 
an unequivocal claim to prc-emhiencc in (he 
fcjle of being. 

'We will not deny but that commerce occa- 
fionsasm.inv wants as it'rehevcs; and that, if 
indolence is blit's, wc ihouid liave been happier 
%vi[hoiitIt. But man was not detained for in- 
aciiviiv, and \^he^ his hbours are direvfled to 
a proper point, iliey eitlier afford individual 
y.i'.ihi or pleafure; either beneht himfeU' or the 
community. 

The nobleiV principles of the foul lay dor- 
mn'.'it, rill adfciti^iuus Mants cjll:d ihem into 
action. Who could Ihcw generofitv. when 
mine i1oo<l in need of alliftance? who coutd 
di:'|)lay the virtues of chjiity and humanity, 
whi'n all were on a level in projierty and enjoy- 
nii;iis? Bv exteniliii|j; the bounds of knowledge 
:•.;..[ Ill inuuilry, we hive increafed the empire 
ot h:ippind~s; lie who makes us acquainted 
with what we knew not before, is furely a 
Kill. fai5tor to his kind i and lie who fupplics ft 
iiij!j! tv'/ikh aootlier feels, though intercil may 
i/ii:Si his Jilioeiice, will alwu^sbcciiroaWis 



PHEPATORr INTI^0^UCTIO!f, 

From this Ihort licJudlioji, which wc con- 
fidcT as expl.in^tlory of the principle* Irona 
which the fuhjeifls of our imetnlml labours ori- 
ginated, it will evi<lcnily appear, that though cu- 
riofny lYi.iv have aifVii.iicfl foine minds, yet ihe 
dehreofgaia and the profecutionofcommeic© 
were the principal caulcs of thee iiigrations of 
men, and ot iheir advances in refinement. 

In proportion as thefe h:ive had an inllutiice 
on human condu£i, new countries have been 
explored j and the whole race of men has been 
united by a tic, lefs pure, indeed, than the fecial, 
but no lets perm iineni initsopcraiionsandcffcifl*. 

Bii! varioirs caufes confpircd to pr..hiblt the 
fiee interourfe ot nations in early ages ; and 
henre, general civil iy.atioil was laic in liking 
place. Before th?, difcovery of the niagncdc 
needle, a few co.ifting voyages limiievl.ihc pur- 
fuits of the moft active an.l the moll iniutlj- 
live i anjiravellers were equally rare. 

After this noble invention, by degrees, tlw 
tliiiU of gold nr the love of novel ry proLnp(e3 
enterpritng fpirits to extend their intercoiirfc. 
Every attcnipC brought new accelhuns of 
pleafure or profit. A Columbus difcovcicJ a 
new world, and Dc Ganu laid open the trcA- 
fures of the eaft, wiih more facility than tiie 
produce of a lni;^le kingdom can be conveyed 
Irom one extremity ti) tbe other. 

Since that period, Enrope at Icaft, ^as. Wwv ■ 
rajiully aJt-ancing in .ill tht MW \.W\. cvt&*i'«.*v 
anil tlignify 'if'-' ; ami t\\c tcScaTcV?* i'^^^ -ww.^*-- 




PEEFATO«Y IKTttODUCTIOW. 

vellcr have frc<iuentiy amufcd the inJolait, 
orinJlruflcd die Inquifitive, 

Man, indeed, as a cuiien of ihc worlJ, fecli 
3 natural inU'reft in all that concerns his fd- 1 
low men. The rudeft [raits ot" feature or of I 
rharadler, in diftant nations, fcrve to excite 
him, by fineularity ; or lo folace him, by com- 
parif'.iii. He enrers into the vicAs otthof* 
who have ftrove to enienain or inftrnS him, 
with a relilh proportioned to the d.ingcrs ihcy 
hcve encountered, or the diligence and rcfolu- 
tion they have difpiayed ; and hence, of ail 
ftudies, not abfoluiclv ncLcffary to his well- 
being, in a Hate of pobfhcd focicty, none are 
more cheriihed than ihofe whiLh combine tto- 
veltv with information, through the inediufn 
of Voyages and Travels. 

Of there, our own country has produced a 
luxuriant andvaiuable crop ; but whaicvct me- 
rit particular works of thi» kiiid may have, 
there is no general colkdtion that is not be- , 
come abfolcie by time, or impCrfefl by fubfc- I 
qiieiH ilifcoveries. The early accounis Iranf- ' 
tnilteil to us are, pcrhapi, ]eU ciurgeable with 
iiitentionsl fallacy than unavoidable ignorance. 
Whcti fc:cnce was at a low ebb i:i general, it 
cannot be liippoled, that the interclied ad<ren- 
turer, r>i even the diligent enquirer, was al- 
ways able to difcriminatc with exaclnefj, or 
to record with fidelity. Mucli, therefore, that J 
h.^sifcn 3CfumuLitcd by former iifliduity, will ■ 
A; i/e/erveJIy rejci5led by rao*iftta w(Ve awt " 
^niing. Ji js onJ^ rcpcmtd Voachca '^aVff, 



I 



PBETiTOBT l!(TBODCCnO». 

prmluce nnyihinglikcpcrfeilion ; and though 
fomc of our prcleccil'.rs hnu dnnc ai) ili.il cir- 
cmiifuntes woulii jIIhw, fuHcijuent cx^mina- 
lidii aild Jil'covery huve proved, ikit mticli liUl 
remains ta be done, to graliiy llic jmlicious* 
ami 10 pleafc the curious. 

Purchase's Pilgrims, of sntiqtiaicd <latc, 
were fupcrfcd'^iilivCiiURCHii.t'aC'.iUeiSii.n*. 
HABRis'sitnight b^ conlkicreJ as a riviil publi- 
Ciiiion i^f the lailer. Asti.ey's Vovai^c* and 
Xiivels lollowi'd. Tiicfe arc the ^luiid workp, 
ori this tuhjecl, in our lan::iiagc, ivhicti can be 
named in a coII-£live and rcfpeclable lia;bt; 
and the \a{\ of them was pulililJiLd npwaruK of 
-half a ccniurv ago. Since that period, finglc 
Voyage? and Tr;ivels have b.cn iri'.iUiplied lo 
an amaz.ing degree ; and as the lall cnqnfrtrlUB 
always the hell chance ofolilaining exce.lciice, 
and of tourfe has ul'ed all thi new lights and 
difcoveries ; wliaicver relates to manFicrs, to 
foil, to tlimale, to prudiiLe, to natural or 
ardiicial cunofiiicK, are moft adv.in'affcoufiy 
viewed through the medium uf lecent publica- 
[lons, 

Bi!t the cxpcnce attending the piirchafe of 
a compl.tc ci)ll.;ftion of feattired works on 
the fuHjei;! of vnyaye? and travels; the liinc 
ihcv Would confume lu read thera all ; and die 
liltle inlerell that geneial readers c.»n take in 
panicul.ir parts, interlarded as they are witU 
ilak geocraphital dcfcripiiovi'j am ^iu'.otv^x^ 
£c remarks, fi:gge(iei the ptQpT\';l"j a\\^ i^'C&v- 
Jf ol'fuch a (ckaioa us miu-W t^u^'i'^ W\'Ckv.^«' 



I 



PBtPATOBT IKTBODUCTIOK. 

fatiguing, and convey the moft requifite in- 
formation at a price loo limited to be regarded, 

To attomplirti lliis, we have thom.ht pro- 
per to give a hiRorical account of the moft 
celebrated and inicrelling voyages, travels, dif^ 
coveries, and Ihipwrecks, cjivellcd, as far afl 
poflibic, of technical phrafcs and cumbrouff 
niiiJUtiV. Our plin is, to concentrate the 
wiJe range of publications on this iubjeii into 
B narrow cfiiipals, and lo dchver them in uni- 
foiradiiStion and connefled narrative ; topj-e- 
ferve every circumftance that can amuic oj^ 
innru<f>, to entertain the fancy, and to hum^| 
rize the heart. Character and incident aiff 
tlie principal tr^iits we wi£h to feize ; and by 
apt reflection?, to make man ihe friend of man, 
is our leading aim. To this end, our labouis 
have been invariably dircfled, whatever may 1 
our fuccefs ; and though of ihis we do not d 
fpair, we are animated by higher views ar 
more honourable motives, than ihofe whic( 
can arife from a widi to gratify vicious tallc, 
or conciliate wonhlefs favour, at the cxpedcc 
pf [he approbation of the wile and tiie good, 
and tbe dictates of ccnfcience and duty. 

Wc confcfs we hive wJriuen with an eye to 
youthful ii.nocence and fi:male delicacy. Oi ~ 
pagcs» iheiefore, wc trull will not oiftn 
iboulj they iai! to plcafe. To defcrve praili 
may require the etForia of fuperior genius 
appVicaUQTi ; but to avoid juii blame^ is furelj 
ifiaa authvs's own power. 



PEBFATOaT ISTBODDCTIOW. 

To die public, vit o«ve ihis brief and candid 

explanation uf our fcnitincnts an<l Inlcntiuru: 
wc arc ambitious of its pjiroaagc, and have 
ftudied lodcfcrveit. 

The engravings which at once embellifh and 
illuftraie this work, will, in point of execution, 
be found fuperiiir to any tliai have hitherto 
been offered In hiniljr publications. In a woid, 
no cxpence has been fpart-d to render ihis new 
CoUeclion of Voyages and Travels wnriliy ii 
place in the pocket, ihe p:irlour, or the library, 
and to g:iin it admilfioil into I'chools and fwni- 
narics for either fex. 



n 



(C0\T; RT OF AMERICj 



FIKST VOYAGE 

OP 

LIT MB us. 



'VINCED that it gi^t;fi("( the bcft frr 
gicif thchumaiilieiifi.i ■ ■ >r-matinn 

;ig tWi: who have bci> iLind by 

ics, or cnligbtciicd ihiint l)y kiinwlidgc, 
n, n» fnr as poflibk-, lo give a (hen bio- 
sl ai'coanl of iht: voj-agers and traivllers. 
icfe bboms Wi; Iiave Iclcftcd the Uibjcft 

hiftorj' of tlii^ ilUiftnouanamc with which 
mtiur our wiirk, ia fo coniieftcil m tih hi* 
and difcm-t-ries, th.it it is bell dciinc'itpd 
em. Of the partrHagcaiid curly edncatinti 
mbiiii, little is atitheiili cully known. He 
n at Genoa in 1-W2 ( imd will ever be oiia 
Mitll diilinguifliud lioiiours of thai liate. 
'ithtr, it U i\i['pofed, was a wool-ronil>cTf 
t liijnfclt' was at fitft delUned for llic fame ] 
cut. Be that as it may. it appt^^r;:, tbot ' 
■d malhemalict With aftidviitY uu4'C>is**\'Sj 
inivrrJit/of Pavia; imA t.V\\a fcvi-ji -^ 
im'ed infuarti'>n,l)y \\\c ipmiK^t-; *A 
'ctl Jji'm to furm y\R';i. tvQ<\^-!> '^j 
U 



3 FIRST \ ov.^Gr oT i 

fi^feqf tlic farih,lli,Hi any Qt' his contranpoiMia. I 
^d'to pjitcml the buundaric» ol' kouKlulge and I 

I The eorrtiJl id*-a this great mind hail conorivi^ | 
Bf the tevraqueoiis glolx-, gHVcbirlL lohi* drlign ; I 
but the imgierl'iiiftioii ai M ihcnups llit^ii In bcJ 
coniulted, made him niill.ikc the objctt. He pro-l 
pnftd to find a nearer pallage to the Indies and 
China, by fallin;^' u'eftwiird. Venice and Genoa, J 
at that tinn*, ejigvotlbd-alnioft tlie wJiole trade vtm 
Kiirope i iUid, in confec|uence, h rivalry and jcal-l 
only, wliii'li liad given riic lo tre<jiient wars, al- 1 
way^ cxiflcd betwern them. Venice, honrver,! 
ni^iintainttl iier tiiperiorily : flie had drawn I9I 
hcri'elf nearly the culli^itol comnitTcc of the KaS>l 
uliich had been hitherto carried on by way ofj 
"' ;ypt and the lied Sea. I 

As Columbns was a native of lln: rival Hate, iu 
?s probable that a I'pirit of patrioiifin tirit aniinat*! 
ed his views of, di I covering a more direct p^Hiig*! 
to India j and, by tliat tuconii, of transferring this] 
lucrative iradc to hia own country. Uui liutitll 
caution, rcinlorced byiiicrcdulii)-, deprived Ge^Do*! 
of (he advaiitageii intended lor her. Coitimbusl 
having difcliargcd the dvity of a good citi/en, by I 
making in vain his firft propofal of prQlceuliuji I 
dilcovcrics for the b-jiii-tii of his couiilry, fdtl 
liiinfelf free from iht^ obligation which iintural 

,d inipolcd on his fervicoj. His next apiilitatltxi I 
to tlie court of France, but with nu fac iicrJ 
■£i. Henry VII. (hen tilled ihe ihrnu^V 

iglmul j and to that priiicc CuUiinbui •MCpj^W 

his bruthvc Uarlholitincw on the lamn buliiff 
Thif ill-laif;d advcJituti-r was taken and pluafl 
i/ypiratntosi his iwH'age. aivd, on his ivrir^ 
vat ri:ducxA xa ludi ex.U<:mi^ la 






at 



i 



roLUMnrs. 

t!«it he could not nuke a fiilGciOTUy ite«nt ap- 

pe.ir.iuce (o ilemntiil an aiuliriici.' nf ilit; king. But 

pcTlLVcruig ditigtnto fcenw lo Iihvi: bean clianic-' 
teriftic nl" tiiia family. BarlliuIoiHfw, by drawing 
and fdliiig maps :in4 cliarli, loon auiiuircd fojnc 
rqiutatiim i and li;iving r(]iiipi>e'i liimrdi' in a 
proper ftvkfor gaining acccli (o llic Eiigljlli f'tvT- 
rdgn, obiaint-d ihia liorumr in 1-lSS; nnd met 
with fuch cncouragemL-nl, tint hr adually (-ntcr- 
Cd into an agreement wilh lliiiry mi lichiill' of 
his brijtlu-r, ffvf.ra! vtars liifurf CUilflniilier li.itl 
finally Jeuiuttda pLiiron. Il ii wiM l>nij«n. how- 
«-ti, ihai ilii^ t^uanliy lofl the liynuur ibal was 
put «'iihiii it* gritfp. 

While Bariholwinrw w-as foUeiling the F.ngliftt 
court, ihc giMl projcflnr. his brother, had ituido 
3 [icrroiMl applicaliun lo the giivctnmwit uf Por- 
tugal, wlicrc he experienced nolbing \i\xl riditulc 
and contempt. 

In riipcrior mind.i there is a tirmncfs that rifr» 
above ordinary difappointiiifni-i. ;ind in nil projec- 
tors there irt an enlhufi.ifm, abfi'lulrly ncccWhry to 
give effii-'ary ti their ithenies. Ciilnnibiia was ridt 
to be deprelled, Ht now repaired to Caflih', and 
oflercd his fcrviccs to Ferdinand and Ifabclla. Fur 
eight years he fubmitled to delays, lo infults, and 
to the prefumplion of igooranec, lill hi^i patienco 
was at lall cKhaiillcd ; and he had actually taken 
leave of Callil-;, in ordfT to procw^d lo England Jiv 
quell of his broiher, wilh whofc fortune he «'a ' 
totally uuaeqiiaiiHed. He was, ho'^'n'^r 
pe^ledly rec;illcd by the queen, Ifabci' 
canieft iniponunity of her couftffiix \ aw". vv^v 
majeftv w^s now jirevailed on V" tic^rcit^ v^ "Cv* 
demands of C;i!uinl>ai, ati^ tu t'iTOvft^Vwii'*'^ 
aiwicj- ll/r hli expe'iilion. 




A F1E5T VOVAGE OP 

Tlif paxicnt projeillor was raifcd lo the raiik of 
aJmiral; aiid ii was fiipul.itwl that all civil cm^ 
lloyuienU, in Uie iitaiids and ontincnt to !>c dJiVJ 
' vcre-d, flioiitJ ht; wliolly at his (iiijuifnl ; that baj 
noiild nominate judges in Spain fi*r Iiidi;i aflaiis; 
Jid over aud ab<iv:; liie falaries and pcrijiii files n( 
admiral, viceroj', and govrrnnri be llvjuld have i 
ctTl^iiii tliare In ilie profit* of (hp foreign trade 
pd tlipdrimtftic imports from Ills dircovciirs, 
iTIicri-' pri'timinari(-s bring adjiiftcd, hi-. rep;iire(tl 
\'S\oi, to lupcriitieiid ihir tfiviiprnfnt of iliel 
lilllc Jle-^t entri'llfd to ills itiiuH.md. This con- i 
fifleJ of tlitw fin;di veffcls till- Santa Maria, car- 
rying llic ailniirnl's 1^115; tlii: Ln Pinla.i-Mmmandc 
hy Martin Aloii/,o Pinion; and tlit: La Ni 
Ca(ftJiu Vincent Vanfz Pinion, the broljicrofl 
riiier, both nillivti ufriAios. 
I'lic tt<"<'i being fiunidicd with provifionii 
crflUiifs, and manned with ninety mtn, frt" 
iSaturiby llit- 3d of Aiignft, IJJtl i and,. 
Ii; as iJif i!rt;ngili and tquiimienl wf \\t\% 
dr. .11 T'.-.in].! iipptat in modfni limes, 11 lu* '. 
I .tani uvr.nls tbau any i-xji'-diiion 

ii by nmn, and xia^ pr-ijnani wllti.^ 
jncot*l>i>iIi worlds. NfKi noHMiig the rwJ 
tilt 1.3 I'iiita blol-i" lool*':, wlmdi difaftcr ' 
i>li!>fed 1(1 li.ive .irifcn from foiuc who 
;iol!imoyagr; hutri""'" ''■-• f mi .in 
. able ftaniJii, dn-'- 

Ut'r"'' ' t> .1 . .11 ri . 



■ .1 interpreted a» a: 
"iii.i V muiii.' I-. N^iiily (lUerieiij Uia 
'lunrii couhi be evil where W-'n ^'''ti; cng'Cfs 
gwd driisa. W'ilh fume difficoAxv . ».W 



COL DM BUS. a 

tlrciti i!ic difitbleil tWip 3» lir u the Cxvanr*, 

whif.-lj'ilVi)' Jirco\. ' "■* 

Hn*e tiic jdiii 

flCCli . ■ ' ■ I J 

M^lPf. (1- 

ticr, ftjuJiiij; iij i.lii' 'A 

In three <!iivi Uicy loll 

known laa^i ami ai'; Ji 

immbcB, when tliry i ■ rx 

it no more To diL-.i li.' '<M 

tet bofort his ltca" ilic ii. 'h 

nnd priil'iienty ; by liis tirt n n.ii 

dclponding into new v 1 '/'wy -, 

ariifiir, whidi their ;. ■■.'->t 

dclrfl, dif^mfcd tlif",- ,_ ■ 'i«r 

that they might not tliink tiirmitlves lu Jar fran 

thtrir native land, us ihey rciilly v-rse, 

Bnt lime was not to he UilgiiifcJ. (Hi the 12lh 
of Septomlxrr, being tli'.n wiic liundnJ iiml fifty 
ieagms wift uf FtrnJi 'lie ailmiral diftiivcred t!i« 
body of a lai'gr tice, which Iruni ap])r:a™ni:ei liad 
long been flo-dling on Iht wnvci. Here he per- 
fei»cj ainitrem feitiii'.' '•-"■■■'v lolhcntKili-rMfti, 
and having advantt\l ,■:» fiiUhti, fir <'w 

firli time, was fcnfiUi. ^ ..!■- - .iriaii'in cf the imig- 
iwtit- needle, wliteh incie-alin^ will' W\% prngrcls, 
Cmifwinded and aticjiillird him (Hll riinrc-. 

Onlhc UUi. ihecrewof ihcLa Nina had b(«n 
agmralily furprifed at I he light of n b^ron imtl > 
tnipic hitd ; and nc\t day they faw tl'e fea in M^ 
roannrr eovered witli glWfQ and yellow weeds, 
among wliifh f hey dil'tuvcred a live !olifter,'(--U\tV! 
made llicni r'-afunably cuuclxi&c xihes ■»;«(«. vft*™ 
ririnity of land. -^t^m 

Fi'ii't J,ii« afi<T, the cav^a^'^ *^^ -Ccv-^ "V-'^^ 
bcU:^ a-Ucad, lay lo for lUc -aiiiwiAX, *'^'^^ 



expcftfo 



L 



6 FtR!T vowns nr 

ed him, tJiat he had. ft en 3 gn^at iiombcr 
flying Uj the vHl*;irii, fi tiiat iir f<vin expcfiw . 
tlii-y lliould (ipfiry thr liinJ. whicli cvpii then ht 
£mdp(l wns vifibic. J?Mt ihu r!d]i;irnl being a 
\uu-cx\ it \i-asan illufinn, iwiwiililltndiug the, 
liriuliirtis ')f lii* pei-jilt, w;i5 dc'lcmiinf d not tnj 
tcr liii criv.rS'r-, NVsi day, huwc\L-i'. ol'fervinj 
BumlxT of fc;igi)lh, whirh he cnnjfttured nmld 
nnt Inkc wry diitaiit ilighis, ht begun hiinfelf tc 
rntrrtam linpcs u{ .ipingiidiing tnp land; bul 
rouKI liuJ no fuiiiidijigH, 'I'lini' days nfter, ibej 
c.H'g!ii ati aquatic fnwl, Tiw abuiiiUiKc of fw 
w:«rii, and were vilitcd by thvpp Itnging birds. 
Ktrxt day tlicy ohfeniid a iropic bird ; imd fi-U ir 
wiih fiieh a quantity of «i-fds, ns reiidtTfil ll 
Bl'pivhtiifive thdr loiii'fe iiiiglil bi: impeded. 

llti leiniiiule oircimifiaitfes, in any other ve^ 
agr. would lie tiLiwtirtliy <•( ix-jnark ; but when Ve 
wnfidLT lU'- daring fpirit lJi.it t-ondiifti-d this, and 
the im|nir(3(U coTift-ijut-nivi it involvtd, evcrj 
tiling Ikit dsvelo^ifs iu ifriigiKfj willtQtitim 
iUti-refl, whik- the; world liills. 

Thr wind having hIth'Tto been'right aflcrn, '., 

ni.irini'v< wcw under Ibc moft drc-adfnJ apprchi 

(inns of il(i cimfhintly Icpfping in the fame dJrc 

linn, which would havi; prcvcnlfd tIi<'iT return' 

ttut abuui tlii< |itTiiid, it lliiftcd lo tlic foutii-wf^ft 

whii'h, though fonlr.iry, gave the admiral gieai 

i'nii^fafllw, as it afivrdi^l him an opportunity o) 

iflltiyii-jg lii^. [leop.lc's l\a\\. Vft in fpile of argU' 

mcnt and iciponftranrr, thi; murmurs of difc'in 

Itarl hcramc mnte fond j and a mutiny would nai-Il 

jjti^bnMy have ciifued, had ncA the wind siiaia 

iTf'f'fil, .nnd the hope* of neaTiTi^\atiis^ft\Rb-.cB 

'■ ■ ■ ru,i\t t!ip fight c)[ H V^^"^"^^'*^^^^^^' 

' Jbatl Liirdafi-oi-nVU'i^ct,. 



.'But tbe-roni: ; >in ilirippolntmrDl nrfa 

III proportion u- .ulunlMd 

been olated bv p ■ not wi- 

ly loudly ( ■ 
M'pnringll ■ . 
llirorirs, or liit-iut' : 
lirMPti, Uiai ih^y li.T' 
Ibeir o«'ii '■■ 
talkofi-or. 
e\*im prnpoicd tu liuow ■ 

EiT.trDil. en ihfirfeturri. '' 
je octan, Tvhile inUnt ''^ 
The admiral ^a-. nT' i.. 

i'Tpiiig it frombrcuK' 
Ilr; altirnsf!;!)' urged 'li-'- ■ 
k'gi! aiithrirlly wilh M-lilcli 

he M'as 'irterniiurd not lo rciinqiiiih but ".rtih tilui . 
He fomcfimtf^ reproa<'bc(i ihan for tbdr impa- 
tience and purilianimiiy ; tli^n dncjonflniicd tlic 
ipeak«i--U fil their ffars,Ciotlied iJidf aiixitiy, and . 
painted b^w in I'uch colours, a& lo ditira^ lliciTJ 
rcl'olotifTi, utid difitm their lagc. 

It vas not till the 2J;ih nfScp'ftnlKT, abcmT fim- 
fel, ihal lii» diftrflliiig profpeft heg-in in ihc Wft _ 
fn' bright e a. Al thai minncrii Pinzon, b''i(ig*.ihtjd H 
of ihe admiral, ori i fudden callird out " LiiU'li ™ 
LaadI" and pointed Ifi ihc foiiiL-wcft, where 
iliey nerreivtd ftimething like an llland. at the 
UUnofi e.ttrnt of viTion, This npiicarance was 
fp grili^ful to the nieii. that tbey rrtuined ibanks. 
to God with thn mutt fincnt devmioD} and 
though (be nviri: coucft iU'U"^"'- Dl CftV.vwVM 

f/if'r (Isnvvom drniand, hr R"uA Vv»**«^'^ ' 



tnn T«TA«s c 



4l^> 


. • -Jst Ji 


trt '■ 


Jme &1 




ManI 




■!«»»»• 


ili< ■ 




fl.., k-,. 





£ aib 



Qo J»»cf ■-• ■ ■-■' - ■ ■ - 

tit *«« ci^L- 
ScBK im;- 

"' * ■'"' ' ,; -iinj-^-Mi^r.-in; Sail 

■titmk wc no oae ' 
.-.z^ it. t&!C.:' 



-^ aai i^SedV 



tV ArsW Tfc V 




n»' 




---■T» or 
tai thU br-> <«t tni sod obfi 

I nr the mai--r -<rm- sluTiiv 

mbA in.- - r ranlrnH 

Almat t»ci IS titc fBc 
i. fiatt xsTC dnfieiul nnaod-wbidi vr» . 
■I^Bfiinort kn& ^ftaacr of t«T> In^vo. 
^^|Hbn. hc u rwtT. m^u drcrvrd lo the 
Hpto hiii nrrtiMxtiv dilcmnvd Utr tij^ht. 
Vibipi oo*f Ut to i Mi nrm wa* aaiMv rw-rr a' 
dmi dun iKit ^rhidi fflM vf (Ike ; 
nins- A rirw n-oriri «» n.-i^ sVn- ■ 
i mnfl th ' 

, and putiafi:: 
dawn apjmMcbr. 
(V«* no nwwp- Thrr nrrcriv 

iotiv. ^...,..-. - .;. .,_.„.;. .^ 

•nd AaMofiBjt the Oup* to br living; cnviurrt. n 

io«a*nhaflo!iil>«Brt«*otV -^ ^' *■■ 

Ihif S^i«ni»r>i!*Ti~T'- inflsntnl " 

■ r'" " ■-- -■ — 

annn!i with the roni Ibndaril ' 
inra tipuLitt [irocecdH aUa in i 
Utvitfaihe^ifUasiuflungni^Bi I 

STinj rearhrd itiP land, tbf^ Icmilt 

«!"■"■ 

. 11- 

Si ■ .lad 



• OtnlA« »)ftw i W i 




12 ^^lIliT VOTAOB OF 

Xfiih paddle;. Siimc v.-crr rcry foiall; ot 
WL-rc CLijiaWe of cell^JiI^iTlg iVirlv perlbiis. 

of iQi'' 'THJcI't linal^ Aitfs of gold lulpimde 
licni ilii-ir i-ia||Hl', w h'n' precious m'Mal, 
liguiArd hy n^s, cajr.c I'ram the fuulh nnd foulh 
wrft, wlierc liiere were great and populoui i 
tries. 

Evrry artidr ofRiirfpMn produce or manntRC 
tunr, however inlignific.Tni, was gralpi-d ai wii 
Mvidiiyi aiid (brae nf Ibfm were happy to C3tl 
ch:iiigc a quantity of wrll-lpun totloii, wi-ighind 
Incnty-liv-^ pounds, tor thuL- fmall iilffca of bra 
coin iiol n'firth a fartliing. They did not indc 
fi-eni impnrlTcd witli a bHtef, that thcfc article 
were vakmhlp in tlienifflvcs ; but oovlty gsv 
tlii=m a fhaim i and llicy innocently and ignc 
riinily willicd to podVf* lonif iiH'moiial of a rac 
dttfi-Viidtd from litiiveu, aa tlipy ellepiiied the 
wliitcs. 

Thp admiral, Ipsvinp tlii- plar* where he fir 
I.itidei!, cualU-i! nking the illand in his bunt to li 
north-%v'ert, aiti-rd'.'d Iiy an imTni-nl'e conconrfe i 
Ihore, whoexprcllfd their wonder Liiid fi'iicitatio 
l)y a variety of p-ftnn-s. He. dlfcovcred a mu 
cup.itious I'uy or liarb'jiir i reached a p'.-niiifuli 

and law fever.il houfr'" and planttitkniB. plrafat 

as tlioli- of Spain in ilif moH genial fcwfon of the " 
year. Finding, however, that this was not the 
land !ie was in qnt-ft of, h'A took hirnc: Indians ai 
interprcttrB, and ruturiiing to the Jliips, li-i fail for 
other illaiids, which were (Ulble at a ilil^niifi;. 

Procerding uhoin fc:ven league?, he rebelled tfc 
itr/fiLTn ox(R:iii!ty <if anotln^t i\\&i\A, nVium t^ 
Aa^ues iong, to wliii.h be ^a\i: iW \iaw-.c (iS 
Altry 0/ tiic COiiCrvvtuft-. Wv TC«»«:w\iil6'SiVL\< 

■j^ tL ' - JlriH 




1 

tBK«f 

tJcriT^jt •« ;ae 

Xiut jAaad 
Cahixii'unt ancaeMA 




^ piKST vDTAOK or 

iioneoflhr lakes, ufwliicU thcrr vcre li-veralif 
S)iiii)iariiU kiljrd a iargr alligator, w bich tt 
rw.ir(L> lk.iiiiicd and Hie. Ttiifi Hnimal ii 

i-f.iucd by l!ic- hidjiins the uioft delicious food. 

H;i\ iug inv!.-liig;iietl tht- prtiduccof llabclb. the 
dinital, tiuvilliiig to Joic itiore lime, aniQUS 
illaniU which, lhi*ugh beautiful, afforded no pit- 
cious luetaU, fei fail with a fair wind for an ex- 
tcfiiivc tountty, extolled fay the Indians fur \u 
riches; and arrived oil tile north lidc iif Cuba, 
on the 2SXh of Ud'jber. This iiland exlubilcdj 
an ciiciuRiin^ variety of hllLi lind dali^s. woodaJ 
and [iluins; ajid from the largciif fii of its lireams.] 
lie rightly conjeaured it mufl be of cuofidersbli 
niagnilude. 

In order to obtain intelligence, Columbus an-1 
cliired in a i'pacious river, w-liole Ixiiiks wcra 
liiadcd with tali trees, hearing bluiiijnis and frails 
witli which he was perfectly imacquainted. The 
Spaniards landed and entered two honfcs,, whii b i 
bnd btcn defcrled by the natives through fright.l 
They however injured notliing, and loon re-tin- 
^^arWlng, coniinutd their cuiinV wciiward, till they} 
^Hbrived at another rivfr, lo which thii^y gave tbe| 
^Vime of de IVlares. This being fUll more conli- 
dcrable than the other, tlie Ihips jirucceded up iti 
to Ibiuc diliance, between banks all along infaa-J 
bited. Here too the natives had titd, and carrirdj 
thctt molt valuable effects to the luontiUinSrj 
which appeared lofcy and clothed with Itatclj 

Kies of the fiiieft verdure. 
Sctilible that without fome intercotirfe ■wit 
e Indians he could never gain the tnfi-rmatin 
he wiiheil, and fearful of incrraling their tenTir,^ 
hX latiding a uuir.ber of men, Cu\viviv\ivi^ iKijct 



dor find nnolhrr frf Cuba, wliw fcaiJ rratturd 
abonrd.iotravrl i;t ' und to Mwlr^rfltif 

to t-onriliaic ihc ■ %'Xii niH'orihe 

inhabtlaiil^. fti ttir. lufan vtukr be directed ibe 
fliips u> be csrwnrj. 

In B fcwfiajs the fwfi rn ■" ■ ' tr- 

rnrnpaniefl by the indi.in ' ■:id 

inffirnied ilw admirdi, tliat iL:*y ii. '-4 

twplvp kagiies inlo iIk; rn-iiiirv. -* 

found a lownof fifty wooiJcn luiii' i 'h 

iiraw, containing about nnf- 'It t'.^i ' .ill 

they wTre met by the ptir '». wl»fl 

rrc^'iTi'd them in the mul' i-r, ifi4 

Ireftlrd them with all ll' 'i tWir 

pnvrcr, 'J'ticir attfiitiirti iii<i itivciw;- 

ration. This favourable itrrrpw-.i ihry n^-cd IB 
ihfir Intlian atlrndants, vhi> 5«rc a vciy lato«r- 
able rppori of ihe nrw vifitor*. 

On taking leave, s great number of thr lurtitr* 
propofed to accompany them t(i the ftiips. Thti 
offer they declined; and wrmid iifTepi nf none 
hut ihP cacique, or king, sfid bi« fon. under vrlnifo 
pr»MeiSion they exprrie.nccil gr«f refpviH. In re- 
tnra for tbefe civililie'. the tun pritica vcre 
eouTtcoiifiir cnicrlnined by the admiral. 

In this' rtcurfion, they fa* a vntifty ofbirds 
and fowls) but no <iuadtupeils five. dogi. 'IM 
land in gi-nera! wsa well ruliivaleit ; and befide* 
the biead-rool and a fpeciesi of beans, prodnre*! 
plenty <:f maiK- of lichich a wcll-tafled flcur was 
made. The principal marufaftiire wa' eoJton, 
gsltinrtl from tree* of fpontaneoii^ grrmtli. Of 
this the nnthes exchanged confidc\AWtv\'Mii\«;\V\':i 
for thp mfli fn Significant arUr\«. M *;<.■• ^™ 
wSf only applied to the mai^Vng oi \ia.TOSc-o 
C 2 






l6 FIRST voTsne op 

and fbort tiprnns fur tbtr t'cniiilcs, its ^-aluc wx 

lidU-tfgardrd litre. 

NcUIitr gold, peiirls, nor fpicM were 
Lnoivn proiluci: of this illiiiid; but titr IdJi 
pointed Lo a cfimilr)- talli-d linliin, wlitre Uitj 
ligiiilicd lli;il (ill ilirfi- nriiulcs ulioiiiidi'd. 

In (■:oriri'<]U(^nr(- ot' this inrormatioii, ^he ad: 
ral rofolvi-d lo vilit it. But IxTfore liis duparv 
bf tVciTc'd twelve of the natives, mm, wo. 
aiiddiildren,w]ioni!ie intended tocarry loSpnin 
■nd Ui littk imiiri'llion did this I'ei^tirt ociafioit 
that the liiilliaiid of one: of ihe females rame at 
board ill hii e:poe, and rcqticltid to nccompan) 
his wife :iiKl I'liildrcii. which wiis iradiiy gr^oli^ 

For fome davi thi" wind wa> coriliarv, and ihl 
ntlenipis to rpiicli iiobi" were vain. In iliirf '«■ 
ten.ll, Martin Alon/.o I'mzon took adi-anlagc ni 
the fwiftncfi of hi^ velicl, and left Ct.lumlivu iu 
Ihe night, lliat he niiglit aniici])al'^ his fiiccelV 
«nd cngwl'd ihe weallli of liohio lo hiiiifdf, 

I'hus dc-lmcd by one of his i'(iiil[>rts, noi 
the weaiUer rend*irin(,' it dan;;i'roiis ii> keej 
the ica, Columbus returned lo annllier fiar- 
bnur in Ciitin, wliich lie trailed St. CatliariDe'«| 
■while his criiwsw-eTf emlilfiyed ia wooding am 
■w.ilcritig IhtCh he ncci dentally difcovenrd li*lli 
of gnld fia fomr iVont"* in the river j and Ian 
moTiniaiiis covered with pinesi, futficient for th< 
larged mnfts, nnd plenty of oak for planks. It 
his run nlong the coaii lo the foulh-ral't, lu 
found ituiiiy Inr^ riivrx and e.xce.licut harbours 
and was fo di;irmfd with the hKamies of iht 
country, that he «'ao iilnirilt tempted to tixliii! 
tatian here I'nv Wt'c- Sailing viv "'^^ *^^ tl'* f'*' 
Jie pcrcc-h-c(\ a very large cauoe dtawB uw ' 
»ud anoiiivr la the ■wai^;i( wtat^v \.\iu\\^ iiitro 



mcs> again ' 

^1-/ !-X'(-rn !■ 



ftf ftp trnnk rrf ■ !■ 
long, sml ratMtUr irf • 

i> 

Axy, v.: . ■•>■ 

gsve the nrrw 
be anrl-.TiTr.-l 
■lut c 

lit» apt :.. 

ward lill he rr?.rli--(i (he : 

wl>™i ■>l>lVr*ing\ha' ■' ■ 

the cmiinn- in many 

ifarp it the appelbtiou n; iii:j.<..i . . 

He (aw nurabMS of the naiivc«, U'hn flrJ «1<h 

EMt piccipilatinn; bnt iwnc of tK- SpaaUtd* 
»iug at Ipiigth fccurcd a ytwrng uotiwn, «iil» 
a plate of gold fufpendcd from her rofc. ftic n-w 
introduced in the admiral, who, nfitr prcf'-fitine 
twT %rilh fuch Iriflc* a<t were mF>(l likplj- in jilt-ate 
female vanity, civillvdiimiRcd her. nccirtijKjmi-d 
by ihi« Spaniards and as roanv Itidiadt. 

Next day eleven men, ndl armtd, advancM 
about fwir Icaeues up the coufUrv, wfnTc thejr^ 
dif")vered a town of one rhouland hmifes, frtiM 
«i-hieh the inhabitants, as ufiial, retired; but a 
St. Sulvadnr Indian having found means lo re-'] 
ninve their apprehenfions, tliey (aon returned, 
hroughf tlieir vilitors food, and gaied on thrniiJ 
MJih iningted aftoniftimcur ;ind a\i-e. The Spa-1 
riards reported, tliat the couniry was fertile aRflJ 
clelightiiil, thepeuple companiu'tV; W.t.ct.-MV': 
nu<. siidtrndabln and thui go\d vi^a tiv^Vi^ 
found thnhar to tlie ciiawatd. 



t 



_C 3 



i 



16 FIRST vor««» or 

and Hiorl Tiprona fur ibc IcJiiHles, Its vnluc wa 
Iliilf ri-gatdrd liurc. 

Jicitiicr gold, pcarU, nor l*picc» were t( 
known product- <it' ihU illaiid; but the- Initiaij 
pointed [o a loiinlry calli-d IJoIiiOi wIutc Uio 
iigniJicil lliat nil ilieK- artiuli-s iil'oiiDiIed. 

in ctiiilVqiirnrf of this infonnation. ihe adr 
r.il riTolvL-d lo vifit it. liut brrorr his depaniiii 
he f( cured iwrlvc of ilie iiativi*s, mm, womr 
and children, whom W intended rui^arry toSpuii 
and (o liltle inijirtllion itiil (his fc-iziirc cccaliD 
that tbr hiifliaiui of one of tlir frniiili's came 
board in hi.s r:i_noc. and rcquclti d to acconip 
hisM'ilc and thildtt;n, which \v!iirt-adily granw 

For fome davi i!n* wind wiis coniiary, and ill 
altcnipis to rp.ich Bohin were vain. In thi* !n- 
tenal. Mailiii zWiMv/n riiii!;on took adviintage tit, 
the fwiftnff^ of his vdiVl, and left Columliua U 
ihe night, ilnt he might aniicipaln his fttcceC 
and engroli the wfalth of liohio to himfelf. 

Thus dcliTted by one of Uia conforUi an 
the wt-athcr rcii(ierin[j; it dangerous (c» kc 
IIjc fea, Colnnibns rt'turned to another lial 
boor in CdIm, whicli he called St. Catliarinc'J 
whilf his iTt^ws wfTt^ cmplnyi'd iu wooding 
watrtiiig hci-f, lie accidentally difcoverL-d lig. 
of gnld on foinc Itnnr* in th'^ river; jind la< 
mouDiaiijs covered with pines, fufhcicnt for the 
largeii miift*, nnd plenty of oiik for planks. 
his run along the co;i(i 10 the fonth-nfi, 
found niany large rivers and est'ellent harhoii( 
and -ivjK lb charmed with the beauties of tl 
coiinlry.ihalhe ■,vnKidniri|itemy>(edioli\ hinhal 
imion here /br lilc. SaWiu^ up dnti of the rivr 
Jirpcrcciveii a very laigr c.^uoe Ata-ww t«\ Vi 
sag itiimhvc in the wavcrj wKv^di vW-i*^ iw 



[ 



rpr.TTMBOs. 



1 

feet ^ 



etf tTip )nmk of a (ingle tree, W^-s Crvevily fert 
longi and rapablr nf carr^'ing lift)- men. Colam- 
biis. having cnaftcd the iilnnii for one hun- 
ArrA and fix leagnM, again tVl i>il fr>r Tloliio, 
V'bich, liitragh only (ixtcpn Icagtiw tlift.mi. tli« 
nirrrnis pmTiited him from reaching till next 
day, which bring thr feaft of St. Nicholas, h* 
gave the nume ot that faint to the port in whicb 
he anchored. This harbour is <icq>. (parimw, 
and commodious i but llir Inhabitants nvln^at 
h'\* appT-o;ifh, he coaftcd thi; illand to the nniih- 
ward till he rearhed the harbnur of Concejiiion [ 
whpiii obferving that the iacr and prnduftioiis of 
the cfttiTitr>' in many rcfpi-ft' rt-feinblrd Spain, he 
gavp it thp appellation of Ilifptmiolri. 

He faw numbers of the natii-cs, wlio flri with 
gtCHt precipitation ; but fomu of the Spaniard* 
liaving at Ipngtb fecured 3 young woman, with 
t plate of gold fufpended from htr noli-, Ihe was 
intiodnced lo the admiral, who, after prcfmtin^ 
her with fuch trifles as wcrp nioil likdy to pteate 
female vanity, civiliv difmilVed her, accompanictl 
ty lhr« Spaniards and as niaiiv Indiiiit.s. 

Next day eleven men, well armed, advanced 
about four Icacues up the country, where thejr 
difcovered a town of one thoufand houles, from 
which the inhabitants, ag ufual, rc-tircd ; but a 
9r. Salvador Indian having found meanii to re- 
riovP their apprehenfions, they foon returned, 
brought tiieir vifuors foodi and gaicd on them 
with mingled aRonillimfn! and awe. The Spa- 
niards reported, that Ihe emmiry wa"; fctuU ^.W 
dcllghtful.ilie people compatai^'LViA-; ^a\t , i:ci\\r>-B 
rtw, ,?»</ (rsrtiil)lc ; and that ^oViwa-i^^-^^ 
/band farther to the eaftward. 



1^ 



IB PIRiT VOYArtlt OT 

'On. ihU Ttr.vs, iJie adiairal imini'dmtiJy 
f;iil, iinii ia Ills pro[;;rels laViiig up an InJiaii wj 
wa> ftriiggliiij wilh lilt wave* i" lii> Ititli- caiia 
and prrli'iiliiig Iiim «hh fome t-iivrnicMn toyijl 
him r.ili- on llifirc. 'i'lii.^ injnripaiiaiiug on tj 
griitroiii anil Jiumanc jiianii-T in wliich lie It^ 
bcfti irtjii-d, liiim Imliiced lits toumrjTien 
come on boatii ; but tsfi'pt foiw pcrfonal 
mtnl5 of goU, brcmt;'" I'l'thing of *-i>oreiniciii 
Willi tlieni. 'IVy g;ue Jigns, hnwciTr, ibar t^ 
mttnl vhifli WIS tbi' ubjcft (it. iU their cnijuirii 
vraa prciduL'ed in grc.il iju;iiililJu bigher u^ : 
Counlry. 

. Wbil^tJie SpaiiiaVJs were pest ilay on fliOB 
bflrtrrinj; wilb tbr ibvn'i-ign (.f iJiat diDrirt u 
9 pJdK- of gfild, a ranoi: wiiU furly men ni 
proridbi^d from a fmall ill;iod in iht; vii'iiiiiy, caJ 
td Tortuga, wliich lie caLJqiie pcrtcivinjj. be li 
dew 11 on Uk- finitui witli his atti-ndant'*, an a Cg 
Enl of pt-acei bvil nitvilliftanding ibis, (be To 
Uigaiis landed. On ibis tiie king nrofe, hb 
ftcrnly commanded them to rc-emliyvk i at 
famr lime giving a floni^ lo one «f the Spaniard 
which be ordered him to throw ai the imrudti 
in pr'iof ihat he winilrl efiioufc the cmfe of ihe 
linnp'Vs. Tliis bad tbe derucd cA'iA; imd nii inUilt 
R-asfili'uiw!. Soun a Tier, the fiiine cacique rr.tiir 
f Jill fnilt-, carried inapalan(]iiin,aud ;UtenJodl 
two hundred men as naked as himfclC Hr na 
ttnied 111 let'l bis iniponaiico; wait ou boad 
wilboul tcrecnoti)', ami entered the cabin >vhl| 
4inncr wns ferving "p. Ccbiuilnii rrcelvrd 
Iijtii.tn rhiif v.iib ibc mildill drnieanmir, aat 
t/if mult pniiiicd rffiJcct. ar.d (y\'vVi>;'i \>i«v ■witfl 
Ji/oi) .•tid wiue. During •Iviiiwv, (Ait tacii^^ts 



two £irmci}^a\ atlcudanti v.«« ^.taip. i 



II 



COI.VBIBl'8, t^ 

(|*kerery little. After it was ovtr, he '\>te{<rM- 
Wthc admiral wit!) awroiiglit girdle, arii! two 
tliin platrs fit .gold, for which he was compli- 
cniird wiih a counterpane, a ftriiig' of fine am- 
' beads Irom lie admiTal's own nrck, a pair i^f 
flioei, and a bottle of orange-flower wati-r. 
elr gifts were fo acceptable to the prince, tliat 
iand his minifters lipnified to Oohinribtis, that 

;»Iioleiflaiid was !ic hisdifpoful. The. admiral 

«i this difplaved a gold niwtal with thp impref' 
liou rii the kin^.indqiiepii of Sp.iiti, which li-eni- 
eJ.as WfU 3* every oijjetl: he fuw. to till him with 
I'fndrr and admiration. In the evenitij; he wa^ 
tnt Bllicre ai his own defire, and fulutcd with 
tile difdutis^ of ftveral giin?. This; as may well 
be inijgincd, excited the mod lively apprehen- 
6«n and aftonilhnient. 1 lis rtceptioii, howei-er, 
WHS la gr.iielul, that he ordcrtd his iubjcCts to 
tijir-tiain tile Spanirtrda who cond'jfted him nn 
jnd pmuec'led lo hi? ppl.ice.with an ortMl- 

..> difplay nS the prefenis he had received. 

Ou ihe 2-lih pf Drrenilif r, tiie admiral tailed for 
-1 i-i- '^land. lirre called I'linla Santa, and jnchor- 
■ nii a lengnfi from fliore. Hating had no 
,-. ,. .'■: two di'Vf, and the wi';ilb'r beiiigcHlm, lio 
(rliird lo ll'.'i pi and ciintraiy lo the order? he hud 
givcji, Uie crew followed bis exumple, leyvin^ 
only a bi>y Jt the helm. This ne^lrrt proved 
faMl. The vt trd was drifted ahout Lnidnight on 
I fid;tof rrtcki. btliire anyone was aware, of ilii! 
iitiii;er. Tli«iidlnirul ht'iug alarmed bv the cries 
nf the Iciv, ran lirlt on deck, where perceiving' 
i! iii-litiiaiion, he ordered the. matw -sw* 

t' ■If! an-Tv out an ant;\n:it aftoxtv. ^v 

/wj'.Jiiirorfeelinsr.nycraViwc.ott^'^ 
roVKd to the uUi« tu\aNa\, t"-"??;;? 



20 PirST TOVACB OP 

Itfs of hie commandii. Thus abandoned iry m 
nwr, he ordered the mufts to b<^ cut awny, and 
the vriffl to be lightened; bill as the water wa! 
ebbing away, ail his efforts proved ineffeftn."*! ' 
the iesa\<i rji" tlie fliip opened j and ilie was fwH 
ol watrr to the deck. 

"1 he olJirr caraval fcnt the men and boil bad 
Kgnin with indignation and contempt; and thf 
adinir;il, t'eeiitig no ho|ie5 oi' laving his owti (hip 
now carrit-d his men on board the other. He th^r 
difpatehed mclTcngers to inform the. Indian chir' 
ofhis mislbrtone, and folicited his alhflance. Thi 
cacique condoled his dil'aftcr with tears, and m 
joining his men to obey the orders of Coluni 
bna, by the ftiendly ferviies of thcfe honeft la 
vageB, every valuable was laved, and depofiled il 
houl'es on Ihorc, and guarded with the iitK 
fidrilily. 

Soon after this calamitr, ihc hofpitable priB 
whole name wa? Guacanagari, paid a vifit o 
condolence to the ndmiral, and bewailed his lol 
wilh the moft amiable fenfibility. He told hill 
he might command his whole ffftune, prefento 
him with fome vizors enriched with plates o 
gold; and obferving with what avidity the Spa 
niards regarded that metal, promifcd to procuri 
n ([nantity of it from a place called Cebao, Ii 
the mean time, a canoe from a dil^ant illani 
brought plates of gold which they exchanged fo 
fmflU bells; and the feamen in general carriei 
on a lucrative traffic with ihc Hifpaniolanji, wb 
brought gold frnm the inierior parts of the Jllani 
to b.nrter fur fuch triilcs as pleal'ed their fancy. 
TVie mannrrs of the m^in^^uaftta atii\>Mf,^r 
^ttntSioiix of the country wnc fo sptc^At \ei > 



■eaii 
tmd| 

riifl 




( 



whirli hy raaintninitiK n frirniJlr fntcFCourlit 
vith tii« Indians, aai lurnnig their l.ingii;i);(t, 
iniglil lie of liiliure brnefit lo th« nntiini he tric- 
ed. I'o uuTfkir tlfii rcroluiioii, lie wn« (tncou- 
ngrd hv itic volimi:iry offer* fit' liinic ot" hit mfO 
■who ffll imo lits views, nod ihr caciinr wjt not 
n litllc {jlralV-il at llic priilpr^i of tiavine fuch 
valuable alliw lu irtolcA liiiu from the botlile in- 
vstinns "f liie Canbbec JiiJi^ui-, a race t>S inliu- 
IT' '':i. who frfi|Ufnily lunlcilirt hi* rtiorM. 

*] . i\'i>f Cihtmbiii knrw huw lo give im- 

jiorucii <■ li) thin idr.i : iic oriirred h gfPJt gim W 
he lired iigaiuH rhr (idc oi' ihp wrrrk j and ihc 
indiun^ feting the biilkt pi-ni'tiiitf thr riiifi, in4 
Uien full into the fri\, fi'Ka'iW ib'-ir gurlt.t »iih 
llie fame awt, and ilic bi-lict" thai \hry pnirflTcd 
thr thiindrt of henirn. 

A lou'iT was now r.inflnuli'd from thr limhft 
of the wreck, fi'tmiiie,!)- in t-'jnipli;ini'i' witd llie 
cacique's (1 1' lire ! and liaving fuiin iheil il wiili proi 
vi6ons aiiimiuiilioK, nnii auns, he Icti a [i^trUoa 
cf ihirty-tis i>icn. irndtt the joirn rnmnwnd of 
thrw of his mr.ll tnifty dcpctidniils, whom he 
warmly rPLnmnK-inlrd tii llie f4rout and protec* 
liijii if the k'lne, and his croplc. 

Tbiii hiirindii iVltl'tl, lie cuufetl a frw httlH to 
be crcflriJ, and namrd Ihr jilaci; ilie Itwu of 
Nalivily. He ihcn lurticd his llimiphli loward* 
SpuVuii Irti I'omt: niibfnrmnr brliillin^; the outv 
U){) br had Itfi, he migiit for L-*rr Ijt iireveuted 
/mm (nibUfljinR the, tlifeovtties lie had made 
Acoordiiigly, hnviiig left tlur iii'ift bi-Dc^iilnit and 
judicicm* dirriiif.ns for Ihr i-cguhUotv rv< \'c*.tiA- 
JonyVcr-uflijrt, /in (cl fail id^ra vW-, ^"^^"^ ^* 
titliyoti /Wdayihc -lib of iunu»Ts a\ ^:M^\-'^^^^.w 



: me 

aim 



ii Finrr totacs or H 

lu diflingiufli the baibfiur in any fuCB 

tii'ii. 'riii: niiij hciiig adverl'e, he r 
litile ^^-■.lJ■ H' the; c;iliMard. On Sunday 
ht fell in wiib (he Piiita, Capt. Marti 
Pln7on,ivh.i,as«i?bavc previouilymetiti 
ddcTted the ailiuiral. PJiiBon going c 
drove to cxciill' his dcfertioii by prcten' 
lie had loll fight o!' hi* confurts in t! 
CoUimbos u'as fi-nllhle uf llie talljcy ol 
teiiccsi but ralhi-r than prejudice the 
caufe, dil'giiil'rrd his feiitimriits, and' 
the cxcwI'm lJi:it w crc made. 

PinHin, it I'ceias. had failei! to a 
leagues caftward of the port of Nalivi 
he had I'peiit fixtc«n djys in barteriflj 
with the iiatiice, and in this traffic he 
pretty fiiccefiful ; but liavint; dillrlb 
half umoni; his crew, and retained iheo 
felt", he svilh^d trj toncea! the amount, 
wards anchored ne.ir a conical hill, w 
^lanicd Monte Chrillo. about eighteen le 
of Cape Santo; but the weather imp 
farther pt(ij;rers, he went t\p a rirer id 
where he dtfcovcred gold-dnft in the 
from hcncegavi'.itllieappellationofthcg 
Oil the 13th of January, Colurabu* S 
Cape Enamorado, he fcnt his boat aflio 
" ' " ' lith bows andud 



to him by (igns and words, wan entrrtiiined ! and 

difmiHeii with fuch iiiligiiificant preleiits u 
iccmcd befl fiiited tn his talie. 

Ai tlip place wherr hr laiidrd, fifty men wiiJi 
long hair, adorned wiiii plumC! t<( piirrot icatijcr* 
and armi'd, formed a kind of imiblifcudc ; and 
uotwiibiiiiiiding ihf cxliormrioin of ibric coun- 
tryman, rcfiifid to have any <:oinniircp wiih the 
Spaniards ; and even began to tomiiicncc hoflili- 
lies. Tliough the Europe.iiis wrrc only fcvcn in 
number, ihty uict llic laiagcs wilii great iiilrrpi- 
diiy, cut one wilh a i'wotd in the biiUock, and 
ihol another with an arrow in the brenfi, on. 
■whidi the. whole paity fled with prcdriiintion. 
The admiral was not difpleaW lU ihis ikirmilli, 
at he imagined its pvejit might incrcnfe ibc Jtcu- 
rily of the colony left on the toiifl. 

Columbns, continuing his ronrfe wilh a fair 
wind, made fnch progrcti that, on tiie gth of 
KebMiaiy, aciurding to the pilot's reekuuing, 
thty were fouth of ihr Azores t but by the ad- 
miral's account, which proved tu be right, ihey 
were one hundred and Hfty leagues to the welt. 
The favourable wcathei' which had IiiiherfoaltL-ml- 
od them, now began lo change ; the wind im-Tcaf- 
pd to a hurricane, and the billows ran mouniaing 
high. For fomc days, the veffcls were (oiled at 
the mercy of tlie lionn, during which the tw» 
fliips fcparatcd; and each fuppoling tlic other 
had pcrillii'd, the crcivs betook them IV Ives to afls 
of devotion, and ihu admiral vowed t" go on 3 
pilgrimage lo our hdv of Guadal.riipri Ijut the 
crew went farther: thf:v rwoTC to ^.v.Vi Vk^wI^ 
in tLcir fliiru, to the firtt iluueh ('t^\.i;»w&vo'ISi«_ 
rrrfrin, tbry cotlM tilni. In tcmv-^ft.- ^■ivi- ^'■^" 
g^g*.' (if Spam,u^ die 6i\\ ku-iV. uAu Sx.*^ ^^■^*' 



'4 



34 FTHST toTack or 

in Cuch kind of t'u|>erl^ilion : it ii ihr flroogbo 

of igiiDrHiirr and ttit^ la<t which ii i\niti. 

A ft-arritv of proviltons incrralVil their cal 
miiy ; and tiir ih'iyt w.iriiing b.illnli. w;is in 
ger of bfirig (ivtTlt-t. For this l;ilt dflKft, I 
gfniiity (if Ccjliimljus diTi'Dvi-rcd iiii cxpctiw 
lie ordcfM his L-.»/ks In he lilli-il wilh (ca>u\tle; 
aliii with !i view lo immortMlitv, rvfn whel^ 
the brink of dellmttujn, he WTu'tc n brief ncod^ 
ot his difcovmcs on two Ikiim of parchmcr 
whii;h he WTappi'd in oil-clollis •.'ovc.Tfd ^ii 
iK'.iTi and havitii; iiti-tolrd ihiMii in i\u> ibpaM 
eiilkf. tfinnnlririi tiicm In thr 0-a. f 

'I'hv IStmn tdutiiim-.d lill the 15th of Pebcuar 
whwi one cf the itilors dill-m-iTcd l:iiiii from ll 
roimd tup. whirl? proved tohf Si. M:ny,imt'of tl 
A'K-'Ks, where, afifr four dn.vi fpc'iii in inttliii; 
IsbOiir, they caitlo to ananrhor, llir ttihabilarl 
of this ilbnd hil"Vi:ii^lv fcriL iVefh [irovilioin ( 
board, :iiid maiiv nmipliiiv.-iiis from tjii^ir ^ove 
tmr, who (JxpTflJVd Ilia allouiihincut al the fu 
wfs of tile CNpediLioii. and feeiiiud lu rcjijico : 
thy dirccivcriM tli;it bad bcrn trftdc. iVwr wc 
tfac nafivo* U-fs furptifed, lliol the lliip hdd bw 
able Id wi-:itli:/r a ilrmn of ht'tccn dajs coiiciw 
Bdfi.' ; ihcl'f gsve the ndiuifal ;iud Itis <:tc\v iitl 
ninuun of iin hermitage in the vicinity dcdicati 
(0 the bkni.'^d virgin, and al tliis tl>ey rcfuKt-d 
[tal'ijTiii tiieir \ow6. 
^lo lootii^r, how'i'ver, had the boat aiid a 
htilf ut the com|i.iny comi? on thotir to fulfil U; 
pcujiii-e, :ii>d h.id be^iui their naki'd prucelUo 
rhsii tiicy wcc midc prifi>iicrs Viy the govem<; 
wAt» And pijiuifd incn in am\mi.U tm. ^r.i'pol 
C'jl-tunbm ii:iviog w^Ued in v."\vri, ^on Oi\t \«,< 
M the 'oo»l, i'ruiu day-bicaX t^li uu'IVl, t':'** 



fitrpedfometFenrhcry; andraiUnKronn^apojnt.^ 
to giiiij a view ol' i' rc'pivrd a" 

oluuhw of I'uriugir , »Slh u 

vjcw.4il.cMpprclii.uiiL::, .ji .ittjt».i»^ ilu; carMval. 
The piuJi.'iici: ui' C' liiLiiliiis wu oa iu puard.^ 
He !ni[icd (o be al>! " i-'fift 

comm.mdcr n-i an h on ( 

biiarili but fiudini; iii' i ^.cniinil 

iJt^iiinndcJ tlic realbii til" i . ■■ '-n Ihc 

Sjj^in'i .Liid thrcalt Lit J ijii. ■ 't-*.fl 

The- r ■ c-flptaiii (ir-rL'^.l ■ Njd| 

been J.ii.c \s.i^ i>y llir r\y 

oti wliicli Colnmhui f\,. , . h.irfj 

(ken |il;fct? hctwteti the tno tjuwiu, nud iwe 
would never i|ait hi* Hup, till lii^ had LtV* 
' buadrcd prilbiiers. and <ktlT(iyc(l tbc wbuli 
nd. 

He now rrl'- -■ port In- ' hot 

nt^t <bv ihcT. ;. ■ -iig, he li'i: . ''"'litl 

and w'sa lonxd out tu K-a, will) no mciic ihnti 
Hir. I- il 1. p: ;;.ir; fii buaTJ. Ttio wMlhcr ;ifier-| 
IV 1, lie tndcavtmrcii t(ir'xv>Tci 

,. .-. . . -.".(T, «'i' ii !"■ rfuS.i-.i . Ti the 
:i nficr a boat .:iii: 

^.......uir'suamRwitli i. .. ,.i... ,..,...- ..-; 

BUjuirc iftlitiirr the lliijt c.irne, and if 111* aft^wl- 

^ carried llic kiugnl Sp:iiii'; cnninullion. Being- 

lUJicd in iticfc pjriicul.irs, they rmiined. nnd 

the priiocirni to be fdrafcd. It f«nu 

L and tbe I'nlcl* ft the Pbdngviclt «■** 

icthc siiroitars pcilun 1 but this Ichcn^i^ 

ilcml aborlivi: by liis pnidcni wution. 

ag:iiii !et tail vith a IViTWi-raV.^ 

but locm .mother icmpeft ONi^tVw^^'''^^^ 

= Oiip.vTCtV, ow vV>« ^'^"■' 



• vi. I, 



Ji 



36 FIRST VOYAGE OP 

him, and wilh great eitcrdom, he at laft anf 
cd in the river I'agus. tin tliia lie dij'pato'kc 
cxprcls bv laud to ilicir Catholic iiiajeftlcs v/i\ 
the news of his arrival, and another to llie kit 
of Puttiigal, rcrjuettiiig his [icrmillion to ancbi 
before tin; city. 

On the 5lh of March, an armed boat can 
along (ide of the adniini, and required him ' 
givi~ in account of himfell to the king's otBcci 
as was tufionwry on entering that river. Tl 
fpiril of Columbus would not I'olFer him to liil 
rait to this indignity. As the king of Span 
admiral, he gave them to imderiiaiid, that 1 
couid not coin|>ly- 'I"he Portuguefe finding hi; 
reiblute, di-nianded a iight of the Spanifti mi 
narth's letter: this was readily produced; ( 
which a fiiitnble report being made, the con 
roander immediately came on board with militi 
ry nndic, and many exprefliona of friendly col 
grnlulation. No loomr was the nature of t] 
voyage blazoned in Lilbon, than the whole ri»i 
was covered with boats. The Indians and tl 
particulars of the difcovery ivere irrehltible a 
vdties and atlractiona. The king himfelf lei 
prefcnts of neccffaries and refrcQiments, accoii 
panied with felicitations; and debited to i 
Columbus before he left his dominions. The » 
miral at firft helitatfd ; but rtfiecting that tl 
two nations were at peace, he at lali acceded 
the fovercign'i requell, and waited on his majt 
ty at the palace of Valparaifo, about nine leagu 
from Lilbon. The king ordered all the nobili 
of his court to to advance aud meet him; ai 
v/jcn tbi: admiral was introduced into his pc 
Ji-nce, he IniiUtA on his \icing, covMei, mi \\\tv 
4owa. Haying beard ihc ittiul oi 'oia a.i.-> 



cotrxBtri. 27 

ixxm with npparent pleariire, hr t.fferfl In fiip- 
j>\y him with whaie.vrr hr (food in nrrd of; 
though he could rot help obl'cn'inf;, that !br right 

Kinquell belonged to hinii ai Columbus had 
been iti the I'trvice of Portugal. The admi- 
lodeftlv aligned his reafon* for being of a 
^different opiiuon. " It is verj- ivdl," rrijlicd ihe 
•' jiiitice will doubtlel's he done." 
inlidi'rable ofFi-rs wctc madr to re-engage the 
lirali and every honour ami dillioiSion were 
paid hitii. The king even fcnt to inform him, 
after the inteniew, that (bould he br dilpi-ifcd to 
, ttav fl lo Caftile by hind, every arrommodji inn on 
I^K TO.td Ihouid he prnvidtd him | C'diimbiis, 
^^H) fuitable acknowlrdtnnrnu, dcdiiu'd lliis 
^Htering ofier-. and felling fail frMH LilboD, 
^^le lo an anohur in ibr pfirt of PhIos, uil the 
' 13th of March, after an ablcnce of more ibnn 

rhe people attended hislandlnf; xn proreHiiiiij 

(hanka to the Almighty for his pro(e6tii>n. 

>c naijt'.^d with iidmirationof Ihe hero who had 

cefsfullyencooiiterpd To nijny daiigcrsi and hiid 

Lncw regions of which, however, the iini"'il- 

?could not even bi- roujefliired. Hi' lliis lime, 

eon was arrived in Gnlicia, and wag ca^er In 

the ftill news of the difcovtrie! lo coutl) 

; being forbid to proceed without the admiral 

3cr whofo condu^ he tailed, the repulfe made 

an impreffion on his mind, that he fell lick, 

leiurning to his native place, in a feiv days 

athed his laft. 

Meanwhile Cohirabus fct oot for P.arcclcnva^ 

Ihc rpurt (hen rct'idcd -, *tii V.\^ "^^^^ 
^teymlght he compared to v^u■^^^>svv^^■ 
-■ SacSad iound him, cAi'iir \,o tea %\v\^'^^'' 
D 2. ° 



M FIS*T VOYAGB 01' 

pid adventurer, and ibc Indians in bl* tmin. Hf 
readied B.iri'dona aliout t!ie njiJdlc nf April, 
ami new diliinftioiis awiiik-il liim. The lin-e« 
fnulii iVafrcly contain the L'r<,wds thai prcflifd on 
liim; nnd to iicighlri) jiublic ciiriolity, the prj- 
duilioni oi l!ic ntw-dilcrivered regions wrre car- 
ried tincuv'Ted. To ilo litm more lign^il honour, 
tlu:ir nujellies orderfd ibcir roval ihrnne tn be 
placed in tmblic, on which thcj killed ilicrafrlrri 
under a canopy ot cloth of gold. When the ad- 
miral appioadipd to kits hands, thry Itood up. 
and caurctl him lo !«■ Tcnlf^d in their prHVnce, and 
Ireuied him as a grander: of tiie lirii clnls. Co- 
lumbus thi'ii rctitfd Lbf piinripal parliculars of 
111!) voya(,'e, tlie dircovcrics he b:id made, anO tlie 
liopcs hi- filler talncd of tindiog liill more Jmport- 
niit accclBons W the dominions nf Sp.iin. He 
llicved tliE Indians as ihty appeared in thrir imp 
live cliniFS ; and fiifjilarcd the riches of the n 
world. Having finifliL-d his nanaiive, their m, 
ji-lHes kneeling down, (hdiiked God, with tea 
of gratitude, which nSt of dtTotion was immcdi 
Bteiy followed by a grand Tc Deum. 

Never was man treati-d with more honour and 
ditHudion than Colnmbus at ihis prrlod. In thej 
king's excnrfions round Barcelona, he kc]it hinlfl 
always by his lide ; an honour which had newt 
been conferred but on prince.j of ihc blood ; and 
which. ptirhajM, was more invidious than ddJr- 
abl<^. 

But tliPKgard of ibeir majcfiies for theadmi 
lalwn; not ronfinedlounfubfiautiai forms: he 
gratilied with new pai'--t!t'!i confirniing and 

hif^iiig hh former privi\f^ea -, and extending 

tier rny ally auri coniinaiiA nvct q\\ live T.oimM\i?(. 



le9 



Tifnie™ the Tuccvft oTihii eqirdiTioo wain&> 

ntTrA. ■'■ ■ — ' — 1» it 

wa* i - Jd 

retiiro t uh a : 
his dilircmics. 

to obiaio his n] the nrw io- 

m-rions, and in ■ 've 

th'--, in the iaxDc .iJe 

no liifficiilw in coniphmg u :it Uuj rci,i.rti ; nnd 
rs if be Kiia beni lord of ihr vorld, drrv n line 
from pole to pole «t ih? ditiniKc of tme lii:m!rnl 
leagues lo the wcRvrsnt of ibr Aiores, »bA bn- 
finwrd this pslcnfive tnck of tli* globe on tbrir 
Catholic maj^ltirt, Siich wis ihr original title 
of Spain to America, lupcmdd^ m iliV richt of 
difcovcry. In '■ain Audi wr trace the t'oiiniution 
of either. Invalidity, from religion orjiitiitr; >>ut, 
amhiiion, intrfnchcd behind powtr, i» laiiilicd 
vith llic fatiblaiicc of truth. 

At this moment it is a qucf)ioa nnderided, if 
Europe loft or gained more by ihc diirovfr)" of 
America, or rnthet bv colonizing it. ColiimbiiKt 
|M)«-cver, will cvcT enjoy tbi- prc-rmincnce that ii 
due to fupertor penetration and perlVverancci 
nor con we contemplate im humane and en- 

jbtcnwl conduft in gpnernl, without paying 
, the Iribulc oi our praifc. 




D 3 



33 SBCPvn roviRE or 

24 (Tf Ofto*)fr; anil pBrihc 7tli cnntlaued liisl 

vn\'agc fnl- lln; "Wrll ^ndics, a& tht-y were oowj 
C;illp(i, ill contradlfliiiftion lo tic Eaft. 

A profpcrons g.iie naeulr-d tliein fnr four hun- \ 
dred Ipngi'e* lo ih"? wpflw.iid of Gomem t nirl 
did lliry fall in with any of the wet-ds, which 
hii I brcn ffi plentiful in thr fortlifr voyage. On 
l!ip 2(jih. Ht ntplu, the mariiurs ]ierccivpd thofc 
liglits ivhicJi tiiFy C-ill the body of St. Elmo, lo 
wliicli ihny fang lilimifts and prayers, it; foil cor-| 
fidciice that no daiigir would now eflfuc fromj 
any Itorm. howpver violrnt. 

On ihe 2il of NovenibeTi a great alteration in I 
tlif winds and (Icy took plncc ; and it pfiiirrdl 
down torrents of rain. From this the adniiraH 
condudcd thi'.y were near land ; nor was lif| 
wrting in" his cnni(;fturc ; for, at day-break, they j 
defcried a high mounlainmis illaiid, abmii fc-J 
vcn leagues to the wrflward, which he nflin«tj 
Doniioica, bccaufe it was dlfcovercd on Sunday 
morning. Three other iilandis werr^ difcovririll 
In the vicinity ; when the people, affprnbUng on| 
the poop, Iknj* Sal-uf rigina, and retimied ihailkt 
to God far their profperons voyage. The uA] 
fide of Puminii-a alTording no convenient an- 
chorage, ihry ftood over to another ill^nd. wiikh| 
Coliimbi" named Marigaliinte, from his own 
fliip ; and ktidingj took, poir^niou w'vlh the oioi 
folcmniticJi. 

He foon failed to another ifland, which he ddr 
nomiratcd Si, M.iry of Guadaliinpe, in confonniii 
ty lo a protiiil'e made to the friars of a cotivriil 
hearing that namr- At ihe diftanceof two Ipagmil 
from f/iift'/liorc, they e(p'ie.davE.i^ H'^.ti rock, tci" 
mit'.-iting in d pf>inl, from w\\\<-\\B;M'\\e.\awa'w; ' 
ciUidde with prodijrioiis colic- Y^i.'jvel^ \w 



ipn, thi'y advun"-'! to x kiitct of town, 
'iw abamloiied by all ilic inliAbiintilK, mt- 
Kit; chiUrcii, In iiliolV arms [hfy ticil ft 
IriUs. in lokrn of amity. Ilrrc thry law 
viiricty ol" parrots, nnd leccnl thiiti, 
arlv pine apiilcs <it' exiniiliti' talk and tta- 
riif.y refilling J from incdillmg wlili any 
Miicltic utcnfih or matinrjichircs, thiii lite 
might conceive^ tht boiler opinion ol t!ic 
r 1)1 lifir vifitors. 

dai', the adn.iu:tl ffnt (wt) bnats aflion*, 
il polliblf, fume r'lnimLinlc.ilioH with 
ve»( aJiil liie citwi fiion ivtunied wiili 
iiig mtii, wh", it »piM-,ir(d, had been in a 
captivity. Tht boats, rctutning ngaiii fur 
tbrjico]ilewhol\fldli«-.ii U'lclvchitid, found 
IfH in tUeiifompnny, wliubiid lied t« their 
Sioii.'rhtlelfii-.tdiiiirjd prclfnttidwithbi^adi 
elb, itiiJ (lilinilTcd, contrjry lf» their itidiu- 
fw Ihcy wi'.rc tio fooiiiT l.iridi'ii, th,*i» the 
es robbed thtm in tht; figiit of ihtir bc- 
s. Next oppdttunily liiey hiid, thefr 
lalwresU'apt into ifie beat, and xmplorKd 
teC^ioii of ihc Spaiii;irdf, giiing thun to 
nd, that liii^ illandrjs lind (^alcii their hilt- 
nd retained them in (liivc.ry. Tiicy were 
i; brought tin board, wliett they gave the 
tollnlieriiand,th;Ulo«-n^d^the'fillltlJWL'ffi 
indsaiidal:irgecoinitieiit; iiodUieypoint- 
ic 1'liiaiioiiol'Hi.t'pHiuijla. For this iflaiid 
liH would iullautly havi- proceeded, had 
of his t-nptaliis and eight mi-ti been an 
ihout Irave. To recover ihom, he fcwV 
ifllorc w'ilii iiiufqHcts and Xtwmi^Vfc, 
^iied lit read. This KHpt-A'vcnV ijto'j've 
IrJ, lit: ordcrifti foity mtu> wniat ta 



I 94 BECOXD VOYAOB OF 

tain Hoidca, to range the country, and to nnk^ 
obfen-ations on its produce. Tlipy riiporl 
lliat ibey found maltic, alon, fanders, giiige 
fraiikincinle, and abandance of cotton j thi 
birds of various^ Ip erics were in abundance, an4 
that they eroded fc-\'pral rivers, Ibme of whith 
were deep and fpseious. 

While ableot on this excurfion, the ftragg!«ni 
.JTCtuniEd of ihcir own accord, and taid they had 
been bewildered in the woods; but to puiiilh 
their prrfiimption, the captain was ordered into 
iroEis. and the nieii were abridged of their ufu ' 
allowance. Having made lbi& cxnmplc of no 
ceilary iVvcrity, Columhiis himfeH' landed ; and 
entering ibme of the hciul'cs, found plenty of cot- 
ton, raw and fpuii, and nnmbers of human ikum i 
and bones liifprndcd in faatli^is. The naiiviaj 
iecmed to live and lodge more comfortably that] 
any of ihofe he had viiited in his tirft voyagr. 
On the lOtb of Novcmberj he failed in quell 
■ of Hifpaiiiola, and palfed an illand whicli 
I ciillcd Moiintferrat, from its extraordinary elev* 
^^ tion i the inliabitants of which, he learued, h»i 
^H ^eu totally dei'uured by the Carlbbeei. In bit ' 
^™ progrefs, he paflVd iflands to which be garr th* 
rcfpefiivR names of St. Mary Rodonda, Antigiii 
ami St. Martin, near the laft of which be can 
to an anchor ; and, on weighing, found pieces i 
coraf adhering to the flukes. On account of ii« 
weather, he again anchored at another iflandi 
V here tiey feaured four women and three chitd^ 
reii, and loon after fell in with a canoe, in whic(^ 
n yrcrc four men and a woman. I'hcfe feeing iti 
^^^jelcapc was impractii;ah!e. \iut thrmfelves in s^ 
— " potiure (if cieicnce ; and ibe (-^.wvaV. ^i\'ic\vw<_ 
Ml arrow witli I'ucU foicc, Vkat \\ a£x\ia\\'j -^"i 



COLCMniTi. 3i 

target. The canoe being accit^Miily 
Ihcy betook iliranlclvcs in fwimming, 
if them al'cd his bow with fl< much dftx- 
if he had bceii on land. All Uic maW 
mchs, and had been caltrated by iho 
i lo iBtrcaii- their fatncfi. 
ing fioni tbcncr, Columbuf mnl'nnrd 
r; leaving tn llic tiorlhward r '.i, 

rgefl of whidi he. ^are i!ip i ■ -t. 

,nd lo the red l!iyt o!' iht Eifvcii 'i'hou- 
gins. He ilico anclioifd In it bay, oo 
lide of what he riillrd M. John H.iptift, 
e. mariners r.inght plcnij- ol filh. In the 
)f tjic bay, they vitited fntiic wtll-built 
ithaiijuare in iriitit. and flanked on the 
b cane'towers, having tbelr topi mtcr- 
ith grepng. 

mh he arrived in the bay of Samana 
niola, whtTc he fciit on lliore oni- ot hi* 
lutives, now a convtrt to C'hnlli.inily, 
irtoofc for ibc fubmiliion of hiscoumry- 
rom thenec he prooeeilcd lor the town 
ty; and coming to an anchor in the port 
c Chriito} fome of hi» turn dift^ovrred 
cs of men, with a rope about their ncefc*, 
d on a kind of crofs. This did niit an- 
; but whether tJic fiilFcrcj-s were Chrifti- 
.tivcs, they could not tell. 
3ay a number of Indiana canic on board, 
larent eonfidtnec and cordiality j and, 
yiig fcveral Spnnilh words, the ipprclien- 
Jie admiral l>egan to besJlayed. On the 
howei-cr, his doubts werr at an T.tvA-, ^v«, 
oviog near the town ui KaV\n\W, 'V*iW«' 
MkMgUde, and enqvwtwS. feft "Vm" 



1 



i 



1 



BtrrmO TOT*«« OP 
br nniTw. ^nrtrntinp a CMnplimmi frcffi the i 






Ri: 'Pterin J 

(iic luuii n^ bornt ' 
■ il »"»* to b<- Irtrn, 11 
air-ior'. i.uriij wrrc itucovrtrd, ui 

dead » moDlh- R-.-.ir.m.itic 
aiid icleutaifnt on i' 
■trtfiii-d t iitii tVom (be i . 
^iie. vl»o it . 11, ihai he lind icarcclt 

li!c(J. Vfiii- 111 iirjiin lo <n;.irril i rjil 

.irint; lonnuls lu ti. 
— -■; niiwy ttij^ncn «» I-.: 
iilr« liu iiVartiT; that baring con' 
F,!,- .,1, .If .,f (Ltjr ntUrciain, Wn .. 

'lie <icm>in">»s of Cauiubol 
....- V. ■ .. uiinef, bv wb"*-" '*"--■ - 
I dualbi ^nc\ nlia nftrrwari- i 

riEliall t! ■ --■'■ rt;it5- He i 

rd, ihat i: n having dp Oiifcd h 

«il' tin- b^'i.'iii.im.. «„b ^^Illlndcd Ui Ihc . 
ami iti I'ot.lVqiirnrt; v.^s row unOi-i ton; 
'I'bi* itoTv esatUy tiilliw! with Int " - 
fcivptl iVoin I'oiiic Sjjiiniaris, mIio 

1 \- In reconnoiirp. 1 1!<- 
I lie cnd'juc n vitit nexi da» 
■ 1 L-rv tokt II of nllcclic 
c rrpcatcd ihc mcLiI: 
)■l^I^5 vl ' il IC;^rcl ! i'llrl' 

wan wiiL Uhsic of lit- 

been recci^r^ iix deiovwottiui^ 



tSB gECOVO VOTAOB OP 

ed. On the fixth day, they reached (he minei 
of Ccbao, where ihey aflually C»v the Inili: 
CoUcdint; gold from a fmall river, as tliev afie; 
wards dTd {torn many olhcn of the fame pi 
vioce. 
This gratefijl intelligence affifted to relive' 
the admit itl, who had esperientied a fil of fick- 
ncfs from fatigue ; and on the 1 2th of March he 
ict out for Ccbao, well attended by men on foul 
find horteback, leaving, buttever, a llrong gua 
Under ihe command of his brother Dit^o G 
lumbus. This precaution he took in coni'e- 
t[Uence of a confpiracy which he had deteftcJ 
and quelled on board, and likewife to feciire ihe 
fcttlcrs from any fudden attack. He took luch 
uecelfariei with him as he judged proper to 
build a fort in the province of Cebao, for the 
proteflion of ihofe he meant to leave there to 
1 gather gold; and lo inilmidatc the natives, he 
marched his people through their villages in 
rank and file with arms and accoutre men is, 
trumpets frundiiig, and colours flying. The in- 

I habitants fcemcd to have no idea of private pro- 
petty : they endeavoured to make free with 
whatever plcafed their fancy, and fliewed fur- 
i privMn at meeting with a repulfc. The whole 
way was agreeably divcrfified with pleafani 
mountains, covered with wild vines, and vari' 
^ ous forts of fragrant tre.e9, 

^^^ On the 14th of March, the admiral proceeded 
^^P .1. ..J. jjj- (jjjjgg . gjjd j;-Qm, reached another 
^Vl he gave the appellation of the Gold-ri- 

^P^yer, iw-'-jtuic here he dilcoveredfome grains of thai 
prsWonsmeiul. Havingviillifome difficulty paiTc. 

ItA/a Urge voKmie of water, te (cmtA ■& tijnWvw 
^bletown wilh the door* baK\ca4.lJci.a'y^l^,t.\v^ 



X'fc.'W.N^ _ 



COLlTMBt'S. 

Vitli cniies. He entereil the province of Cebad 
oil the )li(h, which though not very fcrtilfl' 
yieldjt plenty of gvaffl, and is watered by river 
abfimdiiig in gold. 

His lirlt atiention was dircSetl to tht^ buildin^J 
»f 3 fort in the centre of tlic mines, and in a li- 
03tion naturally lirong. This fortification hfl 
d thccalUeof St. Tlioraas. It was garrifon^ 
I fifty-fix men, uiiJer tlic condiiS of Pete 

.:irite, 

^ . e admiral having communicated his inftnic _ 

I^HSon^ and advice to the gsrrifon, fei out on hU 

^^fttum for Ifabcda, where he found cucumbers 

^^Kid melons raifed from European feeds, fit for the 

^^piblcj and ears of wheat, which had been fown 

rpenly two luonlh?, ripe and luxuriant. Vetchea 

Pf pTddi.iccd a crop in twenty-five days, and fogar- 

. iiivdded ia the fame fpace. Columbus law 

tlmircd the fertility of the foil; nor were the 

i;u an<I the water lefs agreeable to ht| 

, A ineflenger arrived on the 1 ft of April, willl 
iligeiicf , that the cacique C;uinabo was prc- 
iring lo attack the fort of St. Thomas. To thij 
r,!iirnhii= gavt: little credit, as he did not fuppofej 
(be natives had either refoluiion or force to makfl 
'— ■ Mnprellion on it; but wlfliing to leave ever 
. in quiet, before he proceeded on farthe 
-pric», be, difpatched a reinforcement of fe-' 
. rnen. Meanwhile he completed !iis lown»J 
l| ',1 .■-u.ti was regularly difpofed, and fupplied witb 
I »»ict by an artificial canal. He likewifc refolv4 
" i" ' ■..■ fend ail tiie fuperiluous haiiAs. Wt"*. \n 
I, i'urf)peanj)rovifionsbegmTi'm^loKA,*'vv4- 

Lr :ir.ilfii of Ihveral, in confi^qviRwce-. ■j.-^y'^ww 
- J', .-.'nic. The more robuft. lie otdwei Vo « 
"1 j: 




^0 



RBCOKD TflTAc:: 



'.o titr brooj 
■■■r, with a 
if tlicLr livM, wliicli were ; 
■I uirl luliciiatiiJiis. It 
I j-.c-rioii on horfcba 



: .1 til-J at iLc very fight 

himlius Iiaving meilc prcpanitior 
''■ ■ ' ' *t a niiiticll, of M'hicli 
'1. g()vfi;ni in liiiinlirenc 
't.iiiM, niiJ nn l!ip ;ti1 flt' Ma, 
v3, wbiTi- lir W!t» iiifurmcd'' 

■ ilicr ot' llilivc 
,,[tfd til tiJ.'U;- pv.jMimnB I'.>r toys. 
Joujj tlic tlinre, he icut oul hi'i hnot* lo 
ftlif-ii iLry were i\i>ex; ■ " 

■nnrd i;aiiir". Thf- S|ir. 
ji'i; i.'jfiii,' 
J?if;tii of.!, 
aad iltc rcii Jied wiiU ^iei;iviWUwi.i. 



1 ^^m^ ■ * 


hEt 




v\ 


1 ^ ^yM 


1 ^\ 


^A 





i 



COLOMBUS. 

1 having rppaired his ftiip, flood over again, ft 
fha, dttemiined to dhVover whetlier it was a 
»ud or a continent. 'Ihe i'amc time a youn 
laica liidiau requeflcd to accompany Coluiii 
bus to Spnin ; and, in fpite of llie remonftranct 
of Ilia couTJtryinen and friends, pcrClled in hi 
rtfohition. Ii is neudlefs to fay lie met with 
tund reception. 

Having reached ihe point of Cuba, which h 
dciiominaled Cabo de Santa Cruz, he was tivn 
taken by n di-endfid ftorm of thunder and lighl 
Cling. He found the whole fen in this qimrte 
inierfperfed with little fandy iflands, which red 
dcr tile navigation vtry dangerous. Clofe to ih 
fiiure. foHie of thcin, howtvcr, were I'ery pies 
fnnt i and liicrefore he flylfd thfm the Queen 
Garden. On theic, they faw fcarlet-colonre. 
crnnc!, ahundnnce of turtli's, and an iufinit 
quantity of linging Uirds, The very air wag iit 
prri^Eiaied with fragance, and the fenfes were rt 
cr^ .Ucd with delight. 

In one of the channeJs feparaiing thefe iflandi 
they obferved fome fifliermcn in a canoe, exci 
ciling their vocation alter a new and curioi 
form. A ftring being tied round the tail of fom 
fniall fifiic.', called rei'cs, which had been taugl 
lo Kncounler their fellows of the deep, by elins 
ing faft to them, boiii are drawn up togethe 
') ' ■■ Spaniards faw them catch a tortoifc by th 
, the reve beirig wound round ita neck. Il 
i.iij mat thel'e decoy filhes will fometimes attae 
fljtk* of die largeft fi7.e. The Indians made 
*-"' 1 to the admiral o[ l\ve ivfc 'Or.fi \: 
' i for wJij'ch lie gave vh«to a Iwvi^N^ 
iijf:F _ Ih now began lo be \u ^^tcwV n<J| 
'itmj and hit he^\\\i v,a& QvciO»'>a 




SECOND VOTICE OF 

ty fiifipic, anil wnni nf rfH, wliith he could not 
^'ciif Liic lo mjo/ anijU rucb a dangerous nav~igi< 

U.>n the 22(1 of M.'y, Columbus lanilcd nn cna 
t.htlc larger, furi'oundiiig illflnds, tn which hn 
J\e tlie name of St. Mnry. Here he cnicrt-d S 
vu, Hbatiilnnrd by ihc iiihabitiinl'! ; where ba 
luntlnoihiiig but fidi ;ii)(]dogs, Continuing his 
vnyagc to ihi: north-caii, lie bccanie flill muro 
tnibiirrallcd by ihp vnfl nurnbu of ti.its -lud, 
iiliiEids which oi>ened in un\nned fiwcpllion t 
his view. Willi all it;? pri-caulions, the lliip wss 
freijiicntiy aground; !ind IcciDg no probaltlotcr 
niiiintion of the dangers he Lncr-lTjiitlj' rncoua- 
tcreci, he was inducpd to rrliiif|uHh his dclign 
muk^ug ihc (circuit of tb? ifland, till he ihould n:'^ 
tarn to Spain. 

Thu aciniiral aow touched again at Cub™. On 
this (jcralicn one of ilic niaiincrs having afceni- 
bJ a IfM, faw about thirty pcrfuna armed wilh 
fprara and ft.ivcs ciilleil macanas) and amon^ 
thfiii one clai! in a white vert, reaching to hi: 
kiire*, and carried by two men drfired in a finulaej 
nwiiner, with coniiiK xions as (air ns Spaninrd*. 
As iheff Indiums haftily reiircdj Colutnuua lies 
Jay fcnl fewral jicojile on (hore to afcertaia Uii 
"^ ath of this rejiort. bul rvithout fiiccefs. 

[Some canoes coming off \^'ith a iii[>ply of wa* 

M anj p^ovi(illn^^, r,i)c of the Indiana was de- 

l.'iinc:d as ao interpreitTj on iirotnife, however, 

of being let at libiTty Bs foon as he had givcQ 

thu iiiidlJgt'nce required. From iiim the Bdoii* 

.".s eticn lo tuidcrlland, that Cuba w^^s nn 

lh,n the kirig nevpi 4tiu,T.e.d to addrf f^ 

bet J', fij-as; av.i iViT-v \iv.e, i\:.K' 
. .13 lu:v. and twil ui 'tfitU- 







COLOUBCS. 43 

I Next day (hey felt ia with fucli a number of 
j tdrtlcs, ihat ihcy a£lii!iUy rnv*rrcd the lea j while 
, the fiin was darkened by n cloud of fca-rrows. 
They likewife law fitch fw^rms of huiterflics, 
I that the face of day was obicmotl fTom moniinK 
tilt night, wbuii a deluge of niin i'wrpl them al] 
I awa y. 

^■Dd the I3lh of June, Cohimhus anchored in 
^^Fifland about thirty leagues in ci ream fcie nee, 
f which he TiLimed Evangclifta > and having wood- 
ed and walei-cd. riirrftcd his courfc foiitfiwaid j 
but foon found himlVlf ernbjvcd Rr.tiirning to 
the coaft of Cuba, he Hood in the caflward ; and 
on the 30th his ibip ran agroniid, and ftuek fo 
faft, that it WHS with great diffimlty aod fome 
damage ihe couJd be got off. WhUc in this vi- 
cinity, they were vilited by an old I'aciquc, dur- 
ing the celebration of mat's. To this ftrvice bo 
fecaied to p^iy great attention ; and, at its con- 
duflon, lignified his belief in the exiftpncc of 3 
(Viprenic Being, the rewarder of virtue, and the 
puniflier of vice in a future flate. 

The admiral mit again to fca on the l6th of 

July. The wiuJi and tains confiderably incom- 

moccd him at fud) but n% he approitelied Capo 

Crus, he was overtaken by fuch a fudden ftorm, 

that before the falh could be furled, the ihips 

I wen; wdt n\gi\ overfet. Nor was this fiorm the 

I only evil : tl;ey Lad alfo to contend with famine. 

] Providentially, however, they reached Cape 

I Cruz, where the Indians fupplied them with caf- 

iftdn bread, abundance of iilh, and ftotc of fniit?. 

'Thns refreflied, they Hood for JtmRva, ».a\ 

jooafiino- it to the. ne/iward, touni v^ tw^\^*^. 

M-icJi rxctlUat harbours, and icp'^x.e ■w\tio."«*^ 




an, 



44 flECOWI> VOTACR OP 

On the 20th of Augiifl, Cnlunibus made 
fnmh fide of Hirpunttiia, near Cdpe Tiberoon, 
whidi he then called Cape Sl. Michael, Soon 
after, a cacique came on board, who accolled hir 
by name, and 'pruLiuunccd fome Spanilh words. 
Towards the end of liie month, having bft fight . 
of the otht-r two fiiips under his command, he 
anchored near the iiland of Alto Velo, Here tlie 
crew killed eight fcaU, and caught abundance of i 
pigeons and other birds, which beiug unacciif- j 
loiiied to the cmelt)' of man, had not learned the 
necelTity of flying from his approach. 

At the end of fis davs, the miffing (hip joined 
The admiral then coafted along HifpaniotaJ 
where they had a view of a fpacious plain, fo pa 
puloas, that for a league it feenied to be one fon-d 
tinned city ; and near it lay a large Ukc. Her 
the natives came on board; and informed the 
that the colony at Ilabella was well. This pleaf 
ing ill ton nation being received, he difpatchcd 
rini' men acrofs the ifland, to inform tJie planter 
of his arrival on the coaft. Proceeding caitward] 
lie fent his boats afliore for wat'-r, near a poi>u{ 
lous town, whence the inhabitaoti fallied will 
bows and poiloned arrows, to oppofe a landing- 
They even produced fome ropes, with which tiie 
mennced to bind the intruders; but feeing tlii] 
Spaniards advance without difmay, they thrc) 
away their arms, and made a lender to the ad 
ral of all they pofleffed. 

Obferving an uncommon fifh of great magniS 

tude fpotling in the waves, and jndging fro 

ct/ier indicatJons, that a ftoTna was approaching 

. f^e admiral wi'fiied to find a pVace oi tecwixVj w. - 

I anchor in ; aud had the gooA torlvn\e to fe^tmNw 

■^■sj) iOaad, near the eaft jail oS llilv^^^**^*» "^^"^ 



^F coLciuef. 


w 




— - Mag flwlio- 


be obferved an - 


[OtNin, whtch 


1 foliowr--' '-7 - ■ 


-■ ■'- — ■' 


Iv. H. 


iTi ^irr 


1 liUle 


'ndiimt 


! in his '■;! 


■ • 1 de 


ligutn, he ■■ 


-.od 


largic f 


' his. 


aory ar 


.-D* 


reiolveil ru p'.-..:i,.i ■ 


.- ^ 


Vcd in Svr (Irn i . ;iri - 


...1 


lenl'ei. 


■^ LJUi twl -siu 


g in » II 


If-. 


U IfabclU k: kid l^< 


Jirg hii 


ther Bartholomew, wL 


he court 


EnglaDd, whrrc, ii-c h 


nicr.tion- 


hf- bnd hpiT in tTr_i'. 


!tt;coco 


i liiuidi 




ID. t'l- 


1 on 


fctood fipc 


'iici 


their Caib.i . ■ ■ 


-n to 



(ae the £une tiack wiih a tiect a} itirce f]ii)>i.l 

tli<jlon»ew wa* contlitui^d, hy iiie admiral.! 

reraot of tlie IndJM. Tfai* title occnlionedl 

I- (flfL, Li,- -.-1,! rifiofed Coliuiihus lotheoblo-l 

i. The ditTfrence was. how-l 

. . ,. . and be was allowed to bear! 

rLieuienaBiol' the Indies. Thm,l 

pj was ihe ftme, ibe wxwd tlut^ 

. i:hanged> 3>Ian b:^ alvi'ay^ bcea 

Hi. 

I J affiftsBce of BanhcAociCTJ "^^ 
u i.<jiiiviaiiaa to tlic adauri\> >»;1iO Vi ™' 



1* 



i 



46 (ECOND TOTABE OP 

mifconduft of Peter Margarite, found himfrlf in- 
Tiilved in quarrels wilh the native-*. This info- 
lent officer, iiiftead of obeying the orders of Cn- 
luiiitiuB, ent-amped with the party with which ho 
had been cntrufted lo Iraverfe l!ic countrv, about 
ten leagues from Ifabella, whence fie '.lifpatchcd 
mcoaciiig letters to the council. Finding it im- 
polTible lo ufurp the fnpremc direftion as he 
willied, and dreading the return of tlic admiral. 
te embarked in the firft fliip buuiid lor SpalD,^ 
leaving Iiis men without a leader. Thefe fol- 
lowing their owD inclinations, difperfed about 
the country, robbed the natives, carried off the 
women -, and committed fuch atrocities as alien- 
ated the affedions of the Indians, and iuduco 
tlicm to think of revenge. 

Indeed, had the caciques and tlwir dependaa! 
lords been firmly united, they might eafily have 
emancipated ihemfelves from the Spanilh yoke- 
But jealoufy will always prevent un.ioimitv 
smong rival powers, even where their inierefl i» 
the fame. Guacanagari continued firm in his 
profelfions, and had even incurred the rclenUiifnl 
of his brotJier fovereigns, for the faithful part he 
had afted, A neighboiu-ing cacique had killed 
one of his women; Caiinabo, the lord of iha 
intncs, had floilen a fecond : lo revenge the death 
of the one, and to recover the other, he eameftly 
implored alEfiance. The admiral, out of gratitude 
Jindertook to redrefs his wrongs. Befid^s he had 
an interefi in fomenting diirentions between iBe 
Indian chiefs. Policy and mf-rality have c\'er been 
^1 variance, and Columbus ftudicd the latter 1 
Oa the 24th of MartU \'^!>, X\it advavial, in 
company with Guac.inagrMi.irt tivx tirraiXti^i^i. 
toptofeciUe the war agamft-VvsVaivavvloea,*^ 



isd afTcnililcd ao inuT' of rtte hmaifBl tbrafind 
iicn ) while tb^ ruTi.'^^Aiu did oat axetd t*a 
lundrci!, wni ' oricx, and m tma^ ^^p. 

Never wtr' ;iniparb<.-Bate srem* 07- 

igfcd to eacli \ac ^raoi ixf, C*i*af 

lus being in L^Li. .. , -_ caemj, divide i '. ■ — r 
ntu two bodies g<*'''Ii '^ eaacMnri 
lU brother Banholvfutu, tliai. byi dck. 
be atlcntinn of the Indiaa* ouriM Ic 
M^clr lunfuficn iRcrra&d. Tbc fir'* 
^Hc Spanilli cro(> txrwi tat am(r, 
HE into fkjms difbcder) bat vt. 
luadvaocrJ with borieisiMl dog 

itode Std io cor.i:-^ r^i . i^^.^.": 1 
< wen fliiii and ukot prli',^- 
:ef VTM C«imaho, i' 
Thi* cadifac no: 
1 tbe Spaoianli -ii'. 
and Uut b(i int/T. 
to stuck liatr-iiij. Sadt « cmlicfioa u<u- 
rm^ br aflrjl teipcUkia, if ti dcferrci tJ« 
amc, w- fociimtr .radtninl 

etermiri' 1 Iiud and .< . . i.il^ to tlie 

ibunalsoi'apaiti. 

This fignal liftiirr i:if1 l!w rxativit)' of Ciiuu- 
D So intiinids jt in tbe fpant 

r • fewmoiii— , — : -loced the whi.lfl 

laodi aud in^Ced a ouartcrljr tr.butc w. '-■ ■- 
tf^e<. Veaix hcaatt^ b> well coDiinncd, lli^. 2 
^pe Spaniard could truTrl uvcr ibc wtiuV Ulatid 
Koat mciIeflaiioD, acd evm experience bt-f- 
italitf acd n-gard. Th« tnlony. nowevtr, by 
; nf cljcnsii; and oJ' focd, wai Dcarl)* reduc- 
e-tiiird wf the ouiulwi uri^iiiuSLl N«»i*i 





\l'i.-£'*3 



4B HCDJIO rOTAQK OT 

Dunns ^* tnten-a) of re^fe. tin ^nniaHa 
nutdc Utanlclves ai;c{\^nt^ witli tlie mannea 
And cufliocuk of tbe r.^iiTn. and the prolaAioai 
ofUliuidiilinbadootbiihcito u&ted. Wiihic 
c^rd (n religion, cinj adqoc hiil b d^t^.chc^ 
I ^an forihc lodging ui(* 

: .1.-0 iaagrt, denominitF- ' ' 

vLiili iticv prajrcd, and oled ' > ~. Cjti- 

naho bring interrogated rcJp. . ---^i^-i-fiFn 

i/ier iStaiii, replied. Urn in a i 

mold br rrnrnH 10 3 fTTTiin " 

loutd air 

It! cnjfn- . , ... _ ,■ : 

r.rrV in « ftate (f fi;t:iii(f or. 

and liie ( 1 i and pn : 

mirsl rci"' ^pain, 101; : 

'hitpfM ind lo rcliiic ibc charges ul 

! nial:;.„ .. _,. .iitTS He tVn-rru.T-.- pi.'iiTk- 

on ibe lOth itt Msrcli, 1 

hips, with Iwu buiidird and ^..._ ^-^.^r^- 

Bids and thirty Indiani, aud iouui^airl)- iieered 1 

"■for tlic eattw^rd. j 

The wind pioTing unfsvnunble and pf (nltiani ' 
f.u:.--. .>.,^_ ije ,.,, .,..:„., .. .-. .. , 

! ■. and on 

J^ur :^.!L:^LitC Next ^tj\ ut I j^ifti lu Ir' 

and fending hit boat* athorc, the ci 
■- oppoicd by a niimlurr of i' ' 
"■nilhcd out of a wood. The ■ ,11 

their o3rs, ardcred tiro of thiir 
to fwiai lo land, and infann tbr 
L,j)rovi6oDt •nere their only olijefls, loj la tj.cii ihcj 
roaid nuke u liber^ Tet\,ru. 
'27ielr .Atnayuns lijiv'i\?, 






COLVMBUS. 4Q 

hiifbflnds wculii fupplj' them. Accordingly, on 
Ihe Iliipa cdaliing round, a number ut' p<:ople 
came down to die bi^acb, and let fiy a Ihower uf 
arrows at ihc boats. It was at lalt found neccf- 
iary to diirbarge a broadfidc from the fliips 
HgainR thele- determined illanders, Un this they 
inftantly fled, abandoned their boulVs, and left 
Ihr-m to ihc mercy of the Spaniards. Their 
rttefls, being now conlidered ai !aw.fiil pliui- 
dcr, wxrc fei^ed without remorle, and their 
houfrj dc'ftroved. A fufficient quar.tity of bread 
was foimrf 111 fiipply the wants of itie (hips ; and 
in fomc of (he dwellings, which were all f<iuarc, 
llicy difcovered huoey, wax, and fome iniple- 
menliof iron, A man's arm, roatiing on a fpit, 
sifipeined to have been the intended meal of one 
family. 

The admiral now difpatchcd forty men to 
obtain intelligence of the country, who rclnm- , 
ri next day with ten women and three boys, 
among whom was llw fpoufc of a cacique. This 
bdy, notwitliftanding her ilcetncfs, was fecured 
by a Canary mau, whom flie hoped and attempt- 
ed tij luajic her prey. Thefe women \;-ere enor- 
rnondy corpulent and chimfy ; they hgd long hair 
flowing down to the llioukk-rs, and were fwnthed 
with cotton from the ankle to tJie knee. This 
WHS the only drels they wore. The captive prin- 
celii faid the ifland was inhabited by womeu 
oat)- i and that among thole who oppofed the 
btiding were only four men. At crrtain I'eafons 
rf Ihc year, it appeared, that the males viJitcd 
■'- -^ f'or a fliort fpa^e, and then tttuci. '\;V\'i 
l.ewife ihe caff in atiuilicr iftav\i, ■^cittt.'SrA^ 
/snic fort of Ainawms, vjVn tueTftci \.o'«ft 

-' mtb a malculmt; uudctU.iWiiu^'f.. ^^ 
?t- 1. p fe\tvvs 




so SEcoKD voTAce np 

lirtngth not common among the males of liat 

climate. 

The lliips being furnifhcd with a fapply of 
nfi'L'iiaric^a, let fai) fioiii Guadaloupe on rhc 20ih 
of April, aftfr the admiral had dilmilTcd the 
capli\c females, except tie princcfs and her 
daughter, who preferreil accompanying Caunabo 
to Sp»iii, Thi^ rrijii it appeared was one of their 
couDirymeii, ihougli he had rileu to be a cacique 
of Hifpaniola. 

When ihe iliips were about one hundred 
leagues welt from the Azores, provilions began 
to run lliort, ajid (be crews were ohiiged to be 
put lo 3 lliort allowance. On the 8th of June, 
jeveral day* after all the reckonings of the piiois 
had heei) out, but cxaAly as the admiral calcu- 
hited, ihey made the land of Udenicra. between 
l.ilbon and Cape St. Vincent. By this time the 
famine was fo levere, that fonie proi»ofed to eat 
the iudiann, while others recommended tiieir be- 
ing thrown overboard to lelfen the confunipliou, 
the admiral rejefted both thofe propofal* wiih 
dii'Uainj and exerted hiij uLmoli addrcis lo proteS 
the wretched caplives, Ktst morning hii hn- 
liianity received its recompenee in a ligiitof land, 
which fo well accorded with his prediSiou, thai 
hi» men began to think him inipired. 

The admiral being landed, fet out for Burgos, 
where their Catliidic majefties were then I'.elc- 
braling the nuptials ot ihcirlim Prince John wiili 
Margsrct of Aullria. He nietwitha favourab!* 
rercpiion ; laid before the king and ([nw.-n fpeci- 
tiieiis of the various prodnftious he had accumu- 
/nifii in his voyage ; and prefented them with 
'■^o/iderabh quantity of goli dvift., "^'veiiw. ai ' 



meta], ani! articlcg uf maoutadnir, mriched wiUi 

!ix next Imfinefs vnn lo vindicate h\» cnniluft 
fciroe afperfions, with which (aivy hod ur- 
Diflird his fharaftiT, In llit^ lie apparently fiic- 
ccedcd lo his wUhes ; hut when iip rrrjuclicd lo 
he. lent back wilh Itipplies !« the ccAoay, which 
be jnftly rqirefrDttd as being in want (if mm 
and npceffaries, lb dilatory was lh»f court, thai 
many monllis elapfcd before he could obtain the 
objed of his wilhca. A( lull an incompetcm tc- 
lief WHS lent off in two (hips, undrr ihc mm- 
mand of Peter Fernandez Coronell. The admi- 
ral was cnce more reduced to the necelfity of un- 
heeded foHcitatiou. The Spanilh rainiflry 
ihwatted his dcfii;ne ; their majellies perhaps 
were jealous of his (tiperior charai^er; and the 
bUho{> of Etirgos, a raaa of confiderable inHii' 
cnce> exerted all the arls of low amning to bring 
him into difgracp. '1 his perlbn was the invric- 
rate cncni}- <if Columbus j and in the fequel it 
will appear, was the chief author of his citlaiui- 



F ^ \i^sscs 



DISCOVERl' OF AMt:RICA. 



THIBD VOYAGE 

O F 

COL UMBUS. 



^1 'HAT patient fortkudr and pcrfrverance, | 

X wiiich were charaiSeriUic of Colnmhtw, en- 
abled hire at laft to cany liis poln!. Hr (ox- 
wsTiJcd and fviperinterded h" ticu' expedition ' 
with ali pofflble diligence; and at Uft. on the 
30ih of May i-iys, fet fail fri'iii tlie bay of St. 
Lncar de Barrsmeda with fiit lliiiis filled wiih nr-l 
crtfariea for the fcillers; rcMving to profecuie] 
bis difcoveties with frelli alarrity. 

On ibe gtti of June, he took in ri'fredimKntJ 
at Madeira ; and on the ICfth reached Gomrni. 
llrre a French fiiJp having capiured three Spa-I 
pilJiveirrU, pultQ feit with them, on thf ajipenr* 
«Dc« of tile fqiwdron. The admiral being in-1 

^tmetl of this capture, ordered his fiiip? to chare>J 
tit ihc French efcaped by dint of failing. 
Colnmhus now proceeded to Ff rrii. from which] 
betlifpalchcdthreBof his Ihip? lcllifpaniola,un-| 
dcr approved offic-r^, while he \wivtv \Vie. w^ 
(hoiild ffli) tovifarda the Cape Yct4 \6*u&s. 
^lua thence direA his views to vivc ii.i.t'i'" 

the ixiauoail. 

E 3 




5i THTEO VOTAGX OP 

Oa the 2.'il!i of Junci the adniir^l came to 3q1 
anobor in Uona Vifta. where he ft'iiitrf a ftiw' 
boiileii for the aecommodation of lepers, who are 
landed here for n cure. The Poringuefe wbo hadj 
thr charge of thi" iOand fupplied Columbus will 
fiich arricii's as ihpy eould fpste; and opon liii 
enquiriiig bow the leiirofy was healed, was in- 
formed, ib.it iht paiieiits trnft chiefly lo the tem- 
perature of the air, and ihe flefli of tortoifcs^ 
vriih ihe blood of which they were eslcinalljr] 
anointed. 

Turtles and goats were extremely numerous in 
this ifland, of the latter of which many are falted 
and feut lo Portugual. 

At St. Jago, the admiral wilhed to take on 
boEird fome cows and bulls for Lis plantation it 
HiIp3iiiola; but finding fome difficulty and dc 
lay in obtaining this objc9, he failed Wiliiout 3c 
compltiliing it ; refoiving to liter foufJi-weil till 
he mould reach the line, and then to alter kisl 
courfe to weft. He proceeded accvwdinglj : but! 
provifions and water falling flioct, be deierminedl 
to ebange his direftioii and make for Hifpaniola. 
He theref'ire ftond to the northward, wbeii one 
day, about noon, a fdilor from tbe round-lop 
faw land to the weftward, about firtccn leagues 1 
diliani, ftretching towards the noriii-eafl as far] 
as ihe eye could reach. The mariners fung IbeJ 
Salve P.egina j and the admirjil g.ive the new-J 
difcovered land the name of Trinity, from the] 
circumtlaiice of three mouiilains prefenling 
themfelves lo his view at once, 

Continuing his courle diii- weft, he difcovered 
/iecczif/nectflttljediftanccof twcnIy-fivp-lwgUM.1 
<MJ 'Aei/JofAugufl; butmifta\.itiv^WT.wj\ija] 
HattJ, gave it the apyellalloiioSV^i?>*W7t. 



roi.rjiBtf*. KS 

Columbuj, for better fecurity. prn(v»df<i to a I 
I" " ucfifrir pwHl of Ijiid. drn'>ni:naled dell 
I. In hit way hf w.is foHnurci hy a mi>oe | 
iwiLi 1 Hdrutw-iii e n:*n, wld Hopprii wifhin imil- 
]k-I iliol, anil (br.ntrd alnud. IIp cnrfr-avoiirM 1 
to allure ibi^ni lo lie iliip, by dilplaiiTi- ' 
brnfs ornaments and louLiug glaiTn; 
txpcdipnlprtninf, in ihifiiinam'i-, incliri.Hnii, ft- 
ornerf d one of tiis men to M\i rd i!"- poop, iin<l ^ 
play on llic labor atiH pipr, white l>it compdni-l 
on* <!ancc(l round liiiu. N'' liioner did ilic liidl- 
8m Ik i)1c, audoblVrvctlic l ''-la] 

pi" il"- -, limn tliey lor.k !!■■ li]^- 

tial ot n.u-, :iiid prepaiY-d for 3 ivi' ' ■ re. 

Til"" ritv;ine« liowMcr rclifcd on a ■ of | 

ri' -. trnm tlir lliip ; but. tlifj iiioi jlrnigl 

til 'ibcr r4rav3l, whbotil apprphi-iifion ; ' 

Pud iiiOR- riviliiicB \MTe iiHfri'itnngi.d botvren 
flirnt and the r.iptflin, Tlieir complexions wrrc 
yr ili>-y hiid long hinr lic« wilJi Ariiigi, 

ill irdlcs iif rotlnri cloili. 

"aiercd bi-; (liips at Arrnal, from ar- 
1 hts uLidi lie (ijiiiid on {hf. (liofi-, lie 
p ■KirUi-""ctl to nnothrr mouth or rliiin- 

iii ■ ■ be cnlli^d Boca del Drsgo, aud viiich 

ii Ibrmed by n point of Trinity iflaiid iiicrtiu^ 
another irom tlin continrjit. In tlip midrt oftho 
fioca del Dt41i;o he anchored i and here tho cnr- 
rennwprtiroftrong.and rhp roaring of the wsvrs 
fo ferrible. that tlio niiirioi-ps -were (illtd with 
oonllcrnalion ntid fear, Tlicy liowcver cfitipfA 
4-ilbout damage ( and the adnlirnl acain wcighi 

if- ■■■■■ ' , failed along thr fouib ooaft of Pnri^ 

a . it, « Ijich lie then conie&>«'^^'M-4s-M 

/jl^.,.. . .,...; hojicil la iinil a ^wVia^c.iwt^Vwi^sA' 

liitpMiichii i>in iii [.'lie lie \\a6 al \aftTi»^«*^' 



V Notions ^2' ,„,eT, tf ^ * ^^ ^he nr,cU« " 
bo9U to rrq'"^^- The pauvc? ""';\,o,p-,wli 



Cnt-i'MJitT*. *7 

Jer vr-ilVI^, dilMvcwd jhal whi' sppcared lo 
Itlacid^, voi riitir fmijiiuniii cotilinrnt. He 
licrcTod- nbligfil tn iriiim lo ihr rafl- 
nitd. viih iiitnc iliiUcultv. p^lltyl tha 
jghln lyitiff Virtwi'cii I\iiia anri Trinity il1an<). 
_.rin)W laikd aioni^ the cunft of l';ma ; and sf- 
<>i|:t3iriug lijQic illsDii-, ciilci'rd tlir lurbuMf of 
IVmiiigo on tlie 3(Hh i^r AiigiiA, where liis.bio* 
thiT had huUt a city "f ihat nam*. 

polumbiis, nlmofi blind with irrtfTtnt wiiteh> 
irfe, niii! <]!\ite fxhiiufifii "ilh fatigii*. onw 
tficd himlilf wiiti the linprt of rejmfniR in 
Ihnloru iirpe4ii.'c alul Iraii(;iiilli>y. Alas I kU 
lalioDB were Tain : ihc whole iUanii waa in 
mc ol' ronfntifm : ihc gnealrr riuirbcr of ilic 
]ers wcrr iie:id ; a new iinil ilrraiifiil tiifr^fe. 
ii.h ]ii)iromilic l'|irliig* cif lilV, h;iJ aUaiked 
III) tine huiiUrfii and lixtyj a I'mifiiieraMr party 
1 rclielkd imilcr a pcrlun whom he had cimtU- 
td (hicf jiiHicei and, to ronipicte his chai;rin, 
[Oirec iliijiR dirjiatchfd from dir Canarirt were 
; artivtd. After n frdioits voy;ige, in whirh b 
at part of the provilinns w. » tpdilrd, ihrio 
p-Js, how ever, at laft arrived. Thi: admiral's 
thct havinc; infr'tnicd liini of the cirrum- 
pccs of the revoll, he was n-folvcd (o (mnrniiK 
Rccijiint i>f it to I heir Catholic msjrliirs ; atwl 
^ip rcbi-ls I'oinplaiacd oJ hdng dotainrd en ihe 
3d, a fri-i' paHiige was offered to luch as Venn 

■MS of rrmriiing to Spain. 
Iflcr many allcrcalions, it was frtllcd that the 
oiral ftniitd deliver up t.i Kfildan, th'' rinc- 
BtT of the revolt, two find Ibips M cU provia- 
[lt> tr.iufpiJtt him ninl his SidWT:vi\&\w5*iyi«.-. 
[lie Humid ilfiie an iitilet tw \W. V*'}^^^'^ ** 
■ IJilulct aad wagis to t.\i6 '\4i\ w^ <w;\\ * 



THinn VOYAGB OP 

parture i ancf that within fifty days from the rati> 
fiL'atioij ot'thincoflvtriiion, themalcon!eatslIio»Id 
Cjuit liie Iflaiid, Matit-rs being thu« compra- 
mlfoJi the admiral gave orders for equipping ihc 
Jliipsi but from ihc fcarcity of ftores and the tur- ; 
bulence of tlii: weather, lome time having elapfed 
before tliey cnuld be brought round to Kzn^aa, 
die port froni which the embarkation was to be 
made. llolJan changed hi^ intention?; and t.ik- 
ing advantage of thi; unavoidable delay thai had 
inliTvened, he renuunced ihe ftipulatiom, and re- 
fiifcd to depart. The officer, who condufted the 
llir]is tQ ilifir (ktlined purthaviug in vaiii ex- 
horted the rebel* to acquiefceiice in their on g^ina! 
engagement a, entered a protel^ agaioft their pro- 
ceeiimgs ; and returned tn the admiral, to whom 
he reported Roldati'^ obicttions. CDlumhus well 
knowing the diiafledion of bis own people, vrii 
eager to lu-al this m^w breach ; and eoofcnting to 
a eonfcrtnre m ilh the rebel chief, it was llipiUaf- 
ed [ that the aJniitai (liovdd fend home iilteen of 
Roldan's follower* in the firft fliip bound for 
Spain i that thofe who remained on the illmd 
flioidd h'lvc lands and hoiifesiuiieu of pny ; that 
an aci of amnpliy Ihould be pobliflted ; and. 
Roldan himlell' n inliaied i ii his otSee of pcrpet 
al judge. Having al laft adjtifted this irkft>mc^ 
affair, Coliunbiw fenl out a captain with a body 
cf men, who were to traverfe the ifland and tc- , 
doce the rcbcllioits Indians j while he himi'etf 
propofcd to return to Spain, and to take hisJ 
brother the lieutenant with him. 

In the meanwhile Alon^o de Ojetla arrived 
M'/rA four Ihlps from a ciuvfc, and putting intft 
yaquimo, not only commUwA ^5^^^lylris.c^ • 
r3£& oil tile Indians, but. be£a.vi \o \aiK5M 



'^^^'^i'^ 
;«■«« 



the Spaniards. To thefe he. infinnatrd, tjiat 
Uuiu-Ti Jlabdlawaa in a declining llaie ol hcalJi, 
and ihat atier her dtceafe, CoUudbus woiikl find 
110 priiifttion at court; hut, on ihe cdnlrarj'j 
Tvoiild fall 3 viflim to the pomity of Ojeda's 
kinlman, the intriguing bllhop of Burgos. 

Tiiele proceedings having reached the ears of 
Ihi! admiral, he dilpatchcd Eoldan with twenly- 
one men ag.!inll him; who, coming upon liim 
Judilrnly, rendered cfcape or rcClbnce impMi!:'ti- 
cable. Ou ihia, Ojeda altered his tone, escnfcd 
his landing aa a pretence of wanting provilions, 
and dfclari.d he had no iiilenlioii to dillurb the 
quiel oi the illand. He ihi'n recounted fofue dif- 
tiyverics and adteniures on the coail of Paris; 
ind ci'ncluded with a promife, that he would 
foou fail ronnd to Domingo, aud havK a perl'onal 
interview with the admiral. 

Notwilhliandingthel'cprofeffionSihefaiJedtothe 
piDvincc oi Xarngua, wljcrc he feduci'd a number 
cf pcrfoiis that had lately bpen in rebellion ; and 
irrogated to iiimfelf and Caravajai a fuprriiitend- 
ing|i<iwcrover the admiral, by the appointment of 
their Cat liolic majefties. He even iulligated fornc 
'todttcmpl fiirce id carry tlieir wilhes; but bring 
oppott-d by the i'oond part of the Spaniards, a tu- 
mult cnlued. in which fome livci were lofl ; and 
Boldan being again fent to attack him, forced 
(lie intruder to take refuge on board his IhipK. 
hy a firatngcm, the jufliiT. got poUefiion of his 
bMt. This obliged him to confeut lu a treaty, and 
to leave lliccuaft. ' 

Soon after bis deparriirc, another c<immo\.\<>^ 
wt% rjiftd by one of Ihe formpr pnT(.\r.\t\«i cS VoA- 
Ju, 9J10 niJlicd (o m^iry die da«e\U^ -jt ^* 



fiO TinHD voYAOK or 

nua, q«fien of Xaragua; but being oppofi!.) la 
this dtfign, he concerted nitMlurcs lor laUng d^ 
l!ir chief j"''''^"' Bolil.iii having obtained intrl- 
lii;riicf of hU iiitpntioiis, i.-otii.rripd his pluii i™ 
wt-ll, lli;it he TdKCil the chirf" cijnlpiratnrn ; atitl 
iKiug dircflcJ by llic admiral In |niiiiih ihcin M-- 
iTjrdiiig lo Iliw, one of ihi; riiigk-ailcrs waii 
hanctcd, oilier? buniflicd, and I'oine left (o tUc dil- 
poi3l of Cuhunbiis. 

'VhU fxample of fcvrrr iinmfhment, which was 
Ix-oomi^ nbl'iihiltly ncccltiry tnr I lie mnintcnaiite 
of l'iil)fmlin;i1i(iii, luui fiifli a Piliiiary f^iFei!:l, Ihut 
imiiquillitv" waa rcltort'd tliniuyhout the wb'ilo 
ifi.imi, both araong the fettlf-rj and iiaMvcs. 
About this timr, gold niiin^s of the malt fupcrior 
rirhncfs wi-re difcorrrcd; and every [lerfon bci^an 
to liiljOLir in ibi-m on his OM-n aia:oiint, paving, 
lioweviT, onc-Uiird of liis proJiico to the King- 
So profprnms was tliia trade, that one man ha» 
been known to coUl-CI tbrtj ounce* in a day ; and 
wnc lump of [Kirr gold wa* difeox-rred, weighing 
[lo lefs than one lumdred nod ninrty fix ducats. 
Whik tilt Zf;il !ind mrtivity fif Columbus were 
dlfiilaj'ing ihemfelves, in apjii^uling the troutjlai 
and pioLiiuiiug ilie profpenty uf Hifiiiniola, for 
the honour and intr^rert of their Catholic majef- 
tics, he had little rcalon to apprehend, tlut j 
ftoiiTi was tolli-fling again!! him at liumc, and 
jnll ready lo biirll ou liia ln.-ad. During ilie Isic 
(.vniinoLioh^. a uumbi'r of complaints had bnai 
prL-ferrcd againrt him by thole wliofe crimiiul 
virwi Itr tbuLiru-d. He had been rcprcfcnt'sJ in 
ihc wotit coli.ur:. that ingenious malice could 
ilfnik; and the frictidi of lUi comviVawviTi being 
Tviutl/ixcd by h'u private enemies j.\>if>u. ^ 



J 



.^-.■"6_] 




rOLUMDUI. 01 

luch a danioor was raifcd in Cafiile, thai iljc 



L II'L'LT JIT LI ,1 IPIk 111 4 '^ U J I I'm Hj' U II J I llC 

^(rf, tu itraili and ruia, fu nuiny vl Ibe b]>i> 

jciiuy. 'Ibat mob, whkli : : ^ntie- 

I alaioll iJoIizcd liim for bi'. , nuw 
figbnl ag;iiiili hio) on thit vr-r)r ;<'<i.iii)ii u 

(irllruftivc t« (brir cnunlr^'nirii ; tni! ilic 

wlio wilhw!, IKJ i!mit)l, In : ' ' It 

lis lalxjur^ williiml llic lav .- 

lorigiiial cunditiuni imjxik'l. 1 

nc iniponunity. Tlicir f.i i 

! D commillion ta one I ' i 
ion ia low (■ireumfiaiirr-. 

oia, iifidiT lliP litlc. oi' li / 

Br of lii.<autlii>rily, hr v. r 

ne admirji'.i cuiiiliirt; ,!■ .t 

ty, he ttji to Itni'. Liu, r v 

place. Thia litrnif bliw::- . 1 

iRiIilcd Lis !inil)iliiiri i lur ini . rr 

r arrived ai St. IJcjinuii'.ii. i;i !i 

:i vt tbc atiniiiai'i p;:laLC. !!■ ;- 

ail thole whom he foiuiil <S.: ■• 

.IS «i bis broihcTf dcclaitU I 
and. tii Hii.-i/;h the pefi[>lc to 1 

s gfincra! renu^Mi fort- ._r» 

Hit nest Aep, wai Im require ike nil- 
y* prcfciAt-i aad to enforce IhU, hr dlC- 
the king'd leitcr, uhiib nn in itii: til- 
nor. it i» worthy cif being prrlmi'<!, 
I bow liltlc TcltJiKr ia 1(1 Ih-- |iut in the 
ot ptincci, M lu (he liability ut la- 



THIU) TOTAGX OP 



, TUB KiKG. I 
TUB QUES 



i 



9*/>. drifiefirr CtJara^ai. tar JJxirtil afitt Otfi 

WE bave ordered tlie commendarTi Fr 
CIS de BovadilU. Ujc bearer, to atxjuaiot you wit 
\foiar iliingi from ii«. Therefore wc delire jtj 
to yield hiiu entire credit xod obedience. Give ' 

at Madrid. 

Bt itomtTi^ril u.' iiidr kith- ( c:___j 1 •• ''* 
«ff«. «.c P«re, it A. ] *"£°*^ i 1, Tt 

Columbus did not hefilale to obey thts li 
iDoni. He lei out inimediateljr lor St. Drjmicgi 
t'j wait on Biivadilla, v-lio clspt him and his bro- 
ther Diego in iroii« on lliip-board i and placini 
a Itrcing ^ard over him, denied him all accdi 
bis friends. 

A protcfa was then infijtutcd againfi the ai 
miral and hi* brother : their enemies nerc ai 
milted Hi evidcDces; and no depolitions were 
ablofi-l, incoherent, or malicious as to be rcj 
ou that account. It was determined to conii 
him, that Bovaiiiila might retain his ftation. 

Bartholomew, the lieuieoant, was not yet 
turned from Xarag-.iA, and it is proLable 
might have refcucJ k'u brother by force of arms, 
Lad not the adminl requelied him quietly U 
fubnnit to the authority of the new governor. 
The eonlcioufnefi of innocence would not fuiTcr 
this grtat man to atlempt a defence by fovce. 
r^o fooiicr hijd Bovadilla fccured tlie pcrfotu uf 
the brotheri.. than he gave pofitive orders to ihe 
captain nf the fliip, on landing, to dclivcj' ilicn 
to Vond'cn, the implacable enemy of CoIiimtHii- 
The Dcw govcnmi lliea Vts^ao to li^\a,'ai«\ \bt 




:a 



liffcr»Ji ||l li r I i mait 
fmwtmt j n^ ii iuu igf to cM iaa M fn6t- 

Aadrew Mtrtm, thm c^Kiiii of tbr ><dU 

B DUO in Irem. -vifted so knock tL«sD tM. Tfaa 
■dmiral iniificd oa ^'o rii^ ttan. donng thr 
«-!io!r of Li; pcffi^, dUemi^ ; tiai be tm kv- 
-' kcq> thnn 3( > aeonrial of tbe mnvd 
. :vic«. Tb:t TcfclTninn he nerer dlBBf- 
cd ; tilt (cttm <retc t'. ■ n t j b> Uk moft 

iri]i ■-.■*!->.. trui. z; rr^ucfi, boned la 

rf at Cadiz, he wrote ■ I«ica- m 'irir nujrftin, 
:g an aca>Bot of b» trrjtmmt. He nxriisd 
gracious saCtrci, in vincli eaaem fcr hW 
inp wujoiDcd ■witli cttii;uie of Bondilli'A 
ii£t. He wss inrilcd ro coun, vith a pfo- 
that he Oimild Omnij be rdtifutcd tn all 
inours. 

his arrival at Granada, the VJag sad ijuecD 
' confiiiDc^ by wordi liit-lr obLigiiii; iiilimjtiaoiill 
UAmt rqily ; nnil alfureil him lit Iliould have am- 
^^HaltiiraAioii. In ihr niran time, having ar- 
^^■d sn invi^llie;alinn tn t^ikr^ plarr. and the aD- 
^^ptions apprarini; mdiciou!^ and fnvolon''. ha 
HR moll honuurabiy acijuiticd. A new coiTrnOT 
IS nominated lor Hil'pflniola lo rrdrcis the nd- 
il's grievances, and to oblige Bo^'adilla to 
e teflilijtion. This power "as dclegMlcd lO 
' iclsM de Obando, a man of ubililies, but io- 
lUi and rcicagefai. A( ihf (avwi^ Vvmt.Sx ■«*.% 
that Colambu'i iliould be t«A utt ttWM 
G a ^ol 




\wj»« 



ft* THtBD VOYAGE, RiC. 

vorage of profit and honoiir, till Obanda (limild 
fc.llle ibe affaira of Hifpatiiola. But ihe. admiral 
chsgrintd at the ingraliude he had expprifvii-ed 
and apprfhcnlive ot" future dilgrace from thf ma-' 
ciiinaiionsof hisenrmifi^.cteHined the en(erpri?e, 
tiU he «Ms ftwrgly roliriti-il by iheir majeliies 
ind alluiciL of iheir zealous pruteftion. 



ms 




OF AMERICA. 



FOURTH AND LAST VOYAGE 



COLUMBUS. 




A SQUADRON of four flilps, witii one liun- 
drcdandfurtymen onboard, being cqui(jpe(J, 
under the fuperiiiiendaiire r>f CoUirahiis, he (pX 
f«i) from Cadii on ihe 3th ot" May 1501, for Ar- 
alU, in order to relieve the Portnguefe, who 
"ere reported to be in great diftvedi but before 
fee arrived, the Mixirs had railed the fiege. He 
ihcrcffire proceeded imme.diBtcly for the Grand 
Canarj'i whert he arrivRd on the 20th, and took in 
Wood and water for his voyage. 

Ontheeveningof the 25th hewcighcdandftood 
for the Weft Indies, with fiich a propitious gale, 
thai he reached Martinico on the 13th of Jucie j 
»nd fonii after, tlandirf; to the wefiwnrd among 
llic Carihbee lilands, he fleered for Domingo 
with 3 view of changing one nf his (hips which 
proved a bad failer; and hoping afterwards to 
continue hi* voyage to the coal^ of Paria, in quell 
if ihc ftraight wihich he fuppofed lay neat 'Vvia.- 
giia and Nombrr dp iJj'os. 
Sut llur the new g-nvernor, fent owt to tt^ 
MtBiheaiHiirs of the colony and to Kca\t"^ 

— " a ^^^ ^ 



66 rovunxwD liit totaob or 

diUa, might not appm to be takeii''1^ Itarfirftaf 

he difpatched before htm one of fail raptain* to 
llgnify thereB&n of his parrnii^ thiiconrlie. So 
little inclined was the goranor to aifi^ ^ ^' 
miral with another Jhipi he wonld not even al- 
low him to enter the port ; and di&egording the 
prcdiftton of ColnmbuRt who Airefaw an ap- 
proaching florni, pcnnitted a fleet of ei^tccn lail 
to put to fca for Spain, having on board Bora- 
dilla and the reft of the admiraTi omxMieDti. 

This fquadron, faowerer, had hardly weathered 
the eafiern estremi^ of Hifpaniola, befbne tbcT 
were overtaken by a terrible tempefti in whicB 
the commodore, with Bovadilla antf ahnoft all'ths 
principal rebels foundered, and not more thaa 
tjirce or four fliipB of the whole were laved | 
while Columbus, aware of the impending dan- 
ger, (hdtered himfclf under the land In this baft 
pofiiion lie could. But the wind foon rofe to a 
ptrlefi hurricane, and his three conlbrts wcra 
forcid out to fea. The Bermuda, commanded bjr 
Bartliolomew Columbus, was faved by the admir- 
able Ikill and dexterity of this accomplished fea- 
man J being a bad failer, her danger had been 
moft imminent. In a few days, the fliiiM att 
joined the aflmiral in the port of Axua. Tnoogli 
a revcDgeful temper and a fnperflitious miod 
miglit have found confolation in the idea, that 
this dreadful tempeft had been the deflruftion at 
his eiirmies, Coliuubus felt more chagrin than ia- ', 
iint'attion when he refleded, that he wai denied 
Ihclter in that very country he had ttfcoreredt 
and niiiicxed to ihcj^Town of S[>aia, in wbofo 
ffiiiii^ he. ftiW laboi^^. Hit enemies, le& libe- 

S'icj nad to givfi ■vieigtl to ^iaA VilMS»'i» «^ 



cozmtarje. (I7I 

(Up oat of eiehtrcn ihnt nrriiTcl in Spain wa* 
th<; Agujs, cm iJKirJ of whiffi wt-re f'nir tho'jr.and 
jtH'os (jf g'llJ, llic [iropprty iif tljr. admiril. 

Uowillinp; to Fntri" iutn (lifiHiifi wilh tlic go-i 
vemor. Columbus rcfredini Ms men In tlit- lirrlll 

■■T lie could in llie porl oC Am.i, -iniJ idcncol 

1(1 nil harbour of Hr.ilil. t-alird Grncrliinio] 

Lry vtic iDdiaiis. Lcnvin^ tUis, he wasl'ob'-caltn-l 

fd, (ft.it iiift'-.id ofi'oiiiiiiuiug hU cuurlV. he «'Jtl 

I liv 'he ciirrentii near Jamaica. However,! 

'rjmpdrlay,ft^n<linc Ibiilliuiird lor ihcciin- 
tiiieii), he rMchpd the illiind^ of Uiuiiara, ncarj 
the i-ouiiity now ciilltd Huiiduriis. wliprc Il;irllu>- j 
I'jinrw landtd. and foviud a numtrQiis popalmioti, 
anii (oMf I'icees of lajiii i.';tl:iiniii;trii, wliiih thcl 
fcanvn niilixik fur uf'Ui. Whilr he rcmniiwdl 
here, be (iclLTir-J lurfc canne. with nn nwiiingj 
made of p:ihn \rre Irsvt^s, undtT whieh thej 
womm and rhihlren were (lieltcred from iljal 
WMlhcri and [hoiigli the vclVel w':>» maiiiird by] 
tweiity-tive Hoitl Iiidi»rs ihey fiift'^-red thcm-l 
felveti to be captured without the ImA refinance. I 
This velici being replete with goods and do-l 
nnfilir ulenliU, gave liim a favour.ihle opportuni- 
ty of beeomiiig acquainted with ihccommodiliei > 
of tlie country. On exaiiiiuiHg the '■irfjo, it was 
found to ronlift of ijnilt-.aiid cotton fliirls, of va- 
rinuK colours, toijetlier with long ihtcts, in 
wlik'Ii )h<! women wrapped tiu-mfrh'es, long 
wooden fwords, llmrprrned on each fide witli 
flints, bfllrhoi and copper bells. The pnovi- | 
lk>n4 eonllRed of fiich roots and grain sa wewji 
nfual in Hil'iianiola, and a kind of feraisnicd li-j 
qiu>r ni3(J<- from maize. _ ■Y\\C7 \\»^ \\V.cj«\Sj 
abimilancf. of coioa-nms, \cV\e\i VseXWi. ''^'^' ^.. 
prefaitatiyc Q( coin hew, v.evc vvo't^.^^"*^^ 



n 

Hnaa 



59 POUItTH AND LA5T VOTAGE Of 

k'alucd. Thefe people leeraed to havf a 



du* 



ie of nwdcfty and tieccncy ; which dpcoram 

nimincrs made fuch a favourable iitiprriricD on 
iidiiiir.il, tliai he ordered them lo be irealcd 
with [leciiliar relpeft. rellored ihciv ciinoe i es- 
chaiigfd (or Eurnpcan arlicks iVicli eciinmodUiel 
as he wiilied lu reiaiii, and dU'roilli-d ihciii well 
plcaled. Oiii; old man, however, who cheerfully 
■mideriook the offir.f of interpreter, nnd leemeH 
to be a perfon of wifdum and ciiarafler among his 
countryiiirji, was kept diiriiig the eoiirfe of ibo 
voyage ; and having dequitled himfrlf with fide- 
lity ill the departmi nt he und^'rit'ok, was at kft 
difeharged wilh many vaiuable prefeJit*, 

Though ihe admiral looii learned from this i 
telligem guide, that a people of great wealth, 
puliieuefs, and ingenuity, inhabited a country to 
tlie Wi ft ward ; yet, eoticeiving he could nt any 
time fail thither from Cuba, Uir ihe prefent, hi 
refolvcd to explore tJie imagined firaight in t 
continent, thiough which he might pcnetrato 
Into ihc South Sea. and thus reach the fptc« 
country. A inlfTOijceptioii of iht Indian's mean- 
ing hid givn'rife to the fuppofilioo, thnt luch a 
flraight CKifted : ihey intended to di^criiic an 
illliraiLS whirh Colambns milJook for a narri 
,ulph, cxlendlng from lea to fes. 

In queli ijf this ftraight, ha failed lerwatdi a 
loint on the continent, which he named Cilinii 
Vom the quantity of treei growing there, beurin 
a fruit fo tailed by the Hilli^miolans, In the vi 
ciiiity of this cape, he faw people with pain 
(hirt=, like eoats of inai), Aitficieiith' (trong to a 
/cud r!irin agmiili the \vciYVii\s uf the country, 
Ci-cti the /Iroke of a Iw^jviJ. ¥ii\\\et te \W « 
wardt near Cf^e Qi:ai;ias a OVya.^'aciim^lwt&w 



LI S 

An J 



cottruBtrs. 6Q 

fiiFB^ afpeGt, anA canaihaU. Sailing Riii 
indward. nil Sunday Augiitl 14 l.Wi, Hv 
CoJtinihMs with a liirtti? piirij- vrtrot 
pre to iirrjr ni.tf?, aud, 0[i tlii- lolloping Wed- 
Baj"j 'o"k [III li (.-Hi on of the coiiniry lor ilicir 
> iiiai<'ltic», Immciii.itt'lv. aliiivc one liun- 
liaiis ladtn with prijvili.iin r.in down I* 
but ptnrt:i\iiig the Ixinis luddrtily re- 
lileacc. The liculeiiant ai'cribing ihi» lu 
Idity, cniiiliiycd ilio iiittrjiitiLT to iugmtiiw 
lielt'witli iLcin by uicannut' triukc'U and betUi 
ch w-rrt- fij arccptabir, tliat next day they rc- 
■i\ in preaitr numbers, bringing with ihcia 
gcclc. filh, and olher kiiid« of jirnvifion*. 
country, though li>w, wa« bcauiil'ully vcr- 
jiriidui'ing jiiucs, uaksi pahns, and miriibu- 
Aniri!)g the qiiadnipcdi wcrt; deer, and a 
pedes lit leopard- Thp traliirrs ot the irvhabll- 
■(i.-inbled ihoCe of the ifijiitta aiready de- 
; iliey covered llieir loins; and rvety na- 
I Ipokc a language of its own. Thrir bndiea 
I anus weic onianicntcd «iih different tigure* 
jteii by iirc. They iVciiied to have tio reli- 
bul on feitivalii they paintcJ Iheir laces of 
3tH coloim, lb 33 to maks a n]''1^ terrl dc ap- 
nuce. 

lie wind and currents being contrary, the ad- 
" fpent feventy days in fijliug fmiy league* 
liecaitwjrd. On ihe 1+th of September, he 
3ed Grocias a Dios, lb called, hrcaufc (ha 
■ tn-nding olf to the fouth, g^nc him an op- 
lity oj prorcfutiug his voyage with thn 
rind. 

itic iSth. the boats being fcn\. 4>^axe; \ft 
, one- ot'ihcm, with a\\ the inci\,N"Ja&ii"c>S''i«' 
yjrjuli bya vjoicut luif or i:vY«pVi.iv?,, oc*a 



yU POFSTH AVn LAST TOTAGE OF 

fitinrd by tlie cnnflKil of the cumrnt ai 
»-in<l. To l!iL* rircr be gave the ajipHlai 
Be U Difgraua. or Diiafier. Rnnning far 
llic fuuiiiWHrd, he anchored near tlie tovn 
rinri, ill ihe vtdnily of an iH^nc) named Qa 
which in pDpiilatron, foil, and Jimaiian. w 
tinguiflied above every place he had vet i 
Ihe lijwn «as watered by a large rivpr, ( 
banks ot which a muliitude of people ap] 
f'jrni' armed *-iih linwB and arrows, othei 
palm-rrco lanre* pointed witli fifti bcmes, 
third dcfcription with dubs. They loet 
Lave bi^eii cuUe&cd to defend their cutmtr 
invaliuni but being iati-fied of the pad 

Cdfnion of the Spaniards, Ihey eHE:crly wi: 
arter tliiir coram nd it ics, confifting of am 
ton, (lirels and guoninis, wbich are ornam 
^oid for the neck, for articles cf Enropiean 
tadure ; btii the adniiral. to give (he lavB< 
higheft idea of their viiitors, as if ibry w 
perior In all mercenary views, pTefent« 
with trinkeis, for which he would not tut 
thing to be taken in cschiioge. This ferv 
to wliptten their delire fur Iraffir; ihry 
the Spaniards to land ; but finding tbey 
not fuccecd, ihey retired, leaving ever)' 
Ihey L;id received in a fmall heap on Uk 
The Indians, conceiving that the ftmngi 
tnilied tjidr lirceriiv, feat down an ancin 
of a ma)eftic prefence, with a dag on a li 
tended by two young women, having g 
ab"oi tJieir necks. Tbefe females, at the 
retjiiirt of tlieir guide, were fcnt on board 
iTJrral ; and licing hand(omt\y tmemio*. 
tUihuiVed to rejoin iKe veWraiViarLiaWal 




coLrMBut. yi 

E5t Jay the lieutenant going afliore, two of 
Indian chitf? taking him by liie arme, wiih a 
gtalle viiilcnre, made him fit down on tile gruft 
bctivcen ihnn. 'I'lms filtiated, he bc-gao lo in- 
terrogate ihera, and ordered Lhe fecrt^tary towrile 
down liifir aalvvers. But having themfelvea pcr- 
t(^^llt^J fome, ni.'flgic ceremonies before they ap- 
proached tJie Spaniards, they conceived tliat pen, 
iak, and piiptr were the JnftrunientB of ibrcery 
among the Itrangers, and fled in great conilerna- 
Cion, «'hen they were produced. Bartholomew 
found means to quiet their apptehenfions, and af- 
terwards vililed their town, where he law feveral 
tombs in a large wooden ftruiSure covered witli 
canes. They appeared to poliefs tiieart of embalm- 
ing the dead. Over each of tiie fepulchres was a 
biraidiCan'ed with the figures of beafts, or the etfi- 
gics of the deceiiled, with the native ornaments. 
The appearance of the country, and the man- 
ners of liie inhahitauls excited the admiral's de- 
fire to become bsttcr acquainted with both. He 
thcrcfure ordered fevcn of the Indians to be fccur- 
cd, and fcleaingtwoofthe moit intelligent look- 
ing pcrlbus among them, difmilTed the reft with 
pTcrcnts,fliruriagihem,thal their companions were 
detained for no other realbn but to aft as guides 
and interpreters, and that in a ihort fpace they 
flKiuld be fet at liberty. This detention, how- 
ever wa§ afrribed to avarice j and next day, four 
ambaiTadorfi arrived with a prefeut of two wild 
Jtugi lo ranfotn their countrymen. The deputies 
Were treated with the greateft civility, well re- 
paid for their hogs, and feet away fatisfied, that 
Bo biuin would bcfal their coitJid(» OTv\«ya.ii. 
One of the tailors having cau^hl. a wWi c». cfi 



I 72 Founrii Avn last votagb cp B 

' mal in Europe, ihe cn-'W tntcrtairn-d tlv'mfHveiM 



iiofc- 
'J 



with Iclting; it lool'c till oiicof (hcliogs,wiiii:h liad 
becnbroiigiiirura piclent. Tiiougli ualuiHlly very 
ftrociuus, no fboucr did it lee liie cal, than ti 
ran tilioiit ihe deck in a tVighl, The ailim: 
perceiving this, ordered a Jiog to he hroii^Iit nc 
thp cat ill con lit] pm cut, ■« hicli iinmcrlialHy wind* 
ing its tail alxjiit thi' hng's Ihcmt, and with i 
lore lej; (aftciiing on llie poll, would 10011 ha 
(lifpatchcd it, had not the altcndants iuicipofed. 
From tlicfc circiiniltani.-es it was clear, that thofc 
cats hunl like the. European wolves. 

On the 5ih of tK-.lobcr, Ihc admiral cnt 
the l'ji;icioiis bay at' Caravaro, in which are ma 
illelM. (Jn one of thefe fmall illand^ (hey 
covered twenty canoes, and their crews hard by 
them on ihe (hore, without the Icart article of 
drefs or ornament, favc little plates of gold round 
their necks. Thefe beirayed no fymptrnns of 
fear, but readily exchanged a gold plate weigh- 
ing tell iluciits for three horfe-beilsj and gave 
tht: Spani.irds the agreeable intimation, that gold 
was abundant In that neighbourhood. 

Next day, a hoat'a erew met with ten canoea 
full of people, who declining to part with ibcir 
gold plates, the admiral ordered two of ihem t» 
be taken, for the fake of obtaining information 
hy means of the Cariari inlcrprelera. Theie con- 
firmed the report of gold being found at the dif- 
tanee of two days joiu-ney up the country. 

Sailing from tiience, ihc admiral, fomc dayi 
after, cniercd the river Guaiga, where his bo.it* 
were violently aliaulted by a party of one Imii' 
t/red Indiana ; who reto\tHe\y ran into (he w 

to tile middle. \)tari<iU\\\ti'^ \aii«;i, 

J. aud /]]cwir.g every tmiV- <A *«' 



I 



K 




COLUMBVl. f3 

The peaceable clcmcanour of ihc Spa- 

1 {ooa appeafei thtfe boftilc mf •■ ' — • "iit 

lew liiiriebKlK thr nalivr» r-xr! Id 

ti titu value oi one liuiidrcd nuu >ui| .>a- ' 

Next day, Uowevcri Uii^y by in ambiilciule, 

bporcciviog, that uc one wotild vcntiue lo 

, wiihoiii (ccurity, ibcy nilhcd into liic wa- 

iDd repealed the i'.imct itiliilit nii on ilii: pri*- 

IJnj dnv. The Spnni.iiil« being rx.ilpmif J 

ir uil'iilenci;, wuuiidi^il imt: of ihwn wiUi mi 

' i and, at Lhc litino limi-. a iimnou bciug 

tlicy f]cil ill tlic grcjicit KonllcrD.itioii. 

L four nai:n landing, invitcil ihcrni by figna 10 

lyn whifh Uwy laid dnwn Uicir Brmi, 

[eot^Tcd ioin peacc.iljlc Irjlhr. 

alumbui iwviiijj priiciircd ipwimenB of iho 

Jute cf tills p:ul urilicci.iiiiIrv,[KnL«rdi;d U» 

fha; and calling aiiclinr in llic iD'^iith ti{ a 

: rivcT, law tiir tjaiivi:'; prqaring for dcffMicir. 

:ver, ihry li-itl two dupuri™ along iidn in a 

; and ihcie having dil'courrcd with llic in- 

reterx, came on boatd ilic admiral, uad jkc- 

cd Lim with thrir plal>;s, iVir wbicti lie lujdc 

a ri<ii»fad<>ry miiin. Amily being ihkji 

lifhed, Ihc .Soiiiiiardt wt-ut alhdrr, and fooni 

Iking I'umiunucd by a number of Itii fubic'it*, 

whom he wa» in no tuipcrt diliiuKuiIbcd. 

)/ a finglc leaf I'fa Uec, wliidi in H-nic da- 

t.ptotciitcd him from ihu rain, 'I'hc li^-rreign 

tirH cxcli.jngi-.d his goid plate, iila peoj.lo 

lly lijllriwcd hit (.-xanipl'-'. At thiit pUcc 

, u tonhdcralilc mafu I'f wall, a[jpaauli]r 

iid uf llunc and Itmc; ihclirli u;icc ibat 

a dii'covcfcd of aichitcttiiri\ \V;i\i '\tv ^e. 

; i*w/d. Sailing to tlie eaft^watd, i.\vs »A.m.v 

gOml CvUtavo, siul Itvci:»\ W*i\i to^ VJ* 

/. 11 M' 



74 FOl'BTH AND LAST VOYAGE Ol 

trade, among which was VcKigita.wIto 
. diani liiid thi^ gnli) \Vii3 cfillrttnl, and 
mack. On the ad ol* Novcmlitr. he en 
harbour, lo wliich he. gave the niipclla 
Porio BcUo, from its lit;mtiful litiialioE 
weatJier proving iinfavouraliie for proctec 
contiii\ied here for fcveii days, during 
fpace, a Lonllant tnmmunicati{.Fii and coi 
waa kept up wiih the- natives. 

Leaving Ptirto lidlo, the admiral direi 
coiirfe to the taftwarj ; but nest day wa: 
back ; and running in among ihe illanda t 
continent, where the town of Nombre i 
now Hands, called the place Puerta de Ba 
tos. ftdm the quantiiy i>( provifions. A bo 
mniinetl, being lent in jnirftiit of a canoe, 
(liani on board it were fii terrified, th 
leaped intu i!il; lea, and in fpite of all tht 
«i the Span i arils, efciiped bydinlof ditf 
fwinniiiii;. Here Columbus remained 
fortnight, when h*- faiied for Guiga, whe 
dy ot' ihref- hundred Indians apjiearrd P 
epen a trade wiih the Spaniards. WitliOl 
ijig any delay here, he put into a fniallc 
port, whiih lie named Retrete, capable i 
laining no mora than fi.t fiiips, wiili nu e 
not more tJian t«'cnt_v |)ace3 wide. In tl 
he lay nine days, at liilt trading very ia 
with the Indians, till ihc tnfolence of cni 
iailors provoVed them to open hoflilliy. 
courage incrcaling daily with their nnmb 
the admiral having in \ain cndcavoin;cd 
Ihe eominotiun, fomid it abfolutdy nec( 
BJicr his depnrtmeiit, tci \ivevtnt their agt 
J/e ihert'fhrc ordered li'i^ wien Vo fee ^ciw 
at' cannoBi which tbe^ aa'i\VMv,6 W\v\v 



ECOtVMIttJi. J$ 

ju W the)- dd'piu-d the explnfion, 
Itejr helievwl to be ihr tiled nl' tliuudw. 
one of (he ^rjt ^iwn w:i% lusdcd wili 
d llic ball fjUing in ihr n>\<ll\ of u jurty 
r[l iw a hlUoth, i.'onvinci'd iLcm itni {hey 

letbing more tttaii tirjifi; lii '■■■ri4. 

rr tliej' kept oul iit light- ! ,'le 

1 api! wcll-fliapti. In tilt li.ituimt, jlii- 
were iiunicrous. Thtl'c aiiimaU iVpt 
and emitted a mulky I'cvuL lliey ap- 
ravenous wlicn ihrv coiiM take aii aJ- 
; but cuwatJly when ailiwkfil. 
idniiral perceiving that <1ii' winds ccinli* 
3 Win. with lintm-t- Ihim Oii! cuflcm 
, atid (bs! hf wa» prwludfd ImitJ trading 
■if lliia fuall. icfolvcd to fti- 
' A to tlic sviilieiiiicity at' tiie ' 
LCI" I" mincft nt Vrrngiui, and ac' 

!y r ., til I'r-rlti Hi-Uo. 

ri Wind Ihilii'di iind for fnmo 
r -".as (a bpillrmui, ih.il u man 
■ii dLtk, Tht t'lijiidi f[«m- 
■ .1 dtliiae i llif wht'le aii' ap- , 
! , ainlllicibuiidi-TJ 

I ■ i,l«. Tlic iiinriiicrv I 

.t wiiii tiiligiu:, and ti:rri tied ^liIhIlli«utlu• 
ifiijnu of tLc tdwnenls, wsre driven la 
Amidii ihia tLiugrr iind diftraaion, they I 
the uminli peril uf being ovct»lieliiied 
eadful waicr-fpoiit, wlucli riling from 
I ihc iliickncis of a butt, li*uii'd to' 
uuiU. 3Jid burO: vitli a tri^mcrDduus 
rkcn tlicir jwufpett, Uicy loll light of . 
ibcihipii und it w;\b not VvW ^UftcA' 
■* t£u( liiey ibuad iTm sfc.j* t^iii. 



II a 



a 



t enC^cJ- of J*lu»dcA by (bavins lo ^^^ 

fervid, ^f^;*^^, lo lec«f- ^^^^.^^ rnw« ^P^ 
the tops "f ^^^/'' , er.emies of the r 

thwart ihe f-v ^,„d t«i? ^ ^^t 

^'•^•■' ^'''- Sd they ^''-^.<^ *^>S to one . 






At bft Iw rrn I iyti of Vcncua. vHmvTc 

'■■■■•'-' -cd- 



■1. 



II--:- -il iiiib IJ-L. *jii^L-Jli< 

and nuimiLTd u|i{>(>rilLim ; 


hut our 


- : ' - - • .-11 


;.:it- 




' not 


' . UlllLll liny l.Tl'l ' 


1 iu 


'.' iouuotu:n>, ill ;i i ' . 


.ut- 



1 



'be Ailps, vith (he admiral on bootd, 

liver ill llic I'iciiiiiv, tu Hliidi lie had 

i].pdljtign dl' iiitiilfi-. ; wA hrtf they 

ilii' liidianK ivady fu c^' lO- 

iii», |i.irUciiIarly Ji/h, vIj.^ ,r-a- 

L llic ytar fwun i]|i tlii; niLia ia iiiur-iiltle 

1 [ic (itliiT lliips h.tviiig juiuciJ, liaj iJiiOo- 

'Iti- lifulenoni, •xeat iiji tlir riictwitli tin- 

iri tl»i- f-ity (if Quibio i tlic kijig. wIk' lii^r- 

in^f'l lii.s delign. iu token «!" tVii'.udUiip, ludliim 

III his cjnoe Nexl day bt vifilcd llic tidminil, 

aud alter an hour's tonverrutitjn, and an iiilCT- 

diaiigc i>f preleiili, he dciiaritJ cxUuintly grati- 

^.vm aficr, the river fwellcjJ by ihe finods lb 

::lj mid Hi high, th^it the admirsl's )hi[> 

! IitT tabic, ami ran loul of nnoilicr wird, 

,i'h iimdeut buth wwc iuirruiimcnt datigir 

... o. i.j^ ki(i. 'L'li'u ^■'■■■■^■■■■■■■■. rife wiKfoppuial 

In brr (iccjIioDi-J by 1 I luvliig buitt oil 

tllC Uttty Ul'lUlllHiUri i.il 'vr>'<;.',u><. 

On (lie OiJi of fdinuiry laoa, ^^&\vfU^£u»4 
'■ ''■-•eight men afci-nded iVt I'lvd Vw '^^ 
-uMv/, on purpdlc to cii-ViU'E'C Vlcitt ^■'•- '* 
H 3 



f 79 tOV'RTU AND LAST VOTAGE OF 

road to the mines. In fonlVqucnee of the intcl* 

I ligcnec rcccivfd, they travelled I'evcral Icaguw, 

I and arriving at (he plate where they were dirriS- 

' ed. eaihcred fome gold about the roots of large 

. and lofty Irccs. As the fole aim of the journey 

ft was to obtain information rcfpefting the mines, 

V the [larty returned well jslcafcd with their adven- 

' turej though it afterwards appeared, that the 

mines of Vcraguo lay much nearer, and thai tbty 

had beer. purpofHy fent to the mines of Urira, a 

nation at war with Quibio. 

A few (lays having elapfed, the lieutenant with 

I fifty men let out again for the river Urira, fevcn 
leagues weliward of Bethlem ; and next day had 
an interview with the caciijue, when fome platts 
, of goltl were exchanged. The Spaniards 'were 
then rondufted to the town, where they were 
hrifpitably and entertained and lodged. Soon af- 
ter their arrival at thi.'; place, the neigh Iioiu'ing 
cacique of Durnri waited nn them ; he h;id a nu- 
meroua ri-tinuc, and feveral plates of gold were 
bartered by bis people. The news of goM being 
found moft grateful to the cars of the Spaniards, 
this caciijup pleafcd the licutcn.mt, by inftirming 
him, thai in the interior parts, there v-cte ca- 
ciques who palTeflVd abundance of gold, and 
mainiaiiicd armed men like the Spaniards. 

Eariholomew fending back a part of hisrnen to 
the iliips, proceeded with the remainder lo Zo- 
barba, when: he faw above fix leagues of ground 
full of maize, in good cultivation. Here the na- 
tives were kindly attentive; and fnrnillied him 
•n-iih fiime plates of gold ; but having advjiirr^ 
a grrtir var from llie ftiips, auA itni\«i ua placo 
JtT' nient for a i:o\iin'ji viVit\i\\Njai ia 

'''■'J' Llilt;, than Bti\>icitt,\wiiA»tw6.'w 



« 



I 




COLUMBVt. 79 

qnantitj' of ((olil, and n rerolotion wsi 
taken lo leave a i ' ' . .:ti 

■ titi rommatiil. iit 

idc. ibcy bcgaa lo ctcU uuibci Iioulfs. 
Iwilhpcttni leaves, in ihe viciiiilyol" littlj- 
Iver j and levtra! jjictes of cannon, aniinu- 
and provifiors werr lodgeii in ihr. m.iga- 
apart ; while olhrr ftorea ".vctc placed on 
rd one of the fliips, the Galiega, for ibe ule of 
[colnuy. As tilh abounded mi the couft, tlicy 
an ampi(^ fupply af nels and uihcr tilhing 
kk. The hidifin mode «f caicliing ftfli here 
I with huoki made of lorloifc Iheli. I'ilcharda 
their ufual prey. In llie middle of their 
s, from ftem to ftcrn, ihcy had a jiartuion of 
leaves two yards high ; and plyiug abuut 
. rivw, made a nuil'e with their €jra lb as to 
Jarm the fiih, which inillaking the Jcaies foi 
d, frequently daried againft them, and fell in- 
Ihe canoe. Their principal beverage wns a 
^ of htcr made of rnaiic. They alfo made a 
fclant wine of p.ilma, 

Svrry ihittg kiving been provided for the com- 
( iind fecufiiy of the new colony, the admirai 
k delermined to reLurii to Spain; wLeu his 
■ge was eflrttually retarded by ilic Imvnelsof 
tmater in Uie river, wbieh would not float his 
ft, aa well as by a terrible furf, ■whici ihrea- 
td deftruftion to any veflel oi5 the ftiorc. 
k citciitnftanee waa ijie more unfortunate, as 
trains were pail, which alnne could fwell the 
It ( and tin- fliips' bnltoras were perfcfily 
pn-catcn. To cornplete the ralamity. it was 
■all/ d'lfcoven-d, that Quibio U\tt.i\ie4\.o ti«- 
\ i/ir Irltlcnicni, as iiaving bten (o'CWie^ ^:"™ 



FOUHTK AND LAST VOYAGE O? 

In this dsflgcroiu dijemma, the ndmimt cnncrr , 

mpal'urps with his brotlnT. It wj* tliereiiuf 
ropiiW lo take tilt: caciigue and liis priiicipa 
otn priioncrs, and to carry lliem hultagcs tq 
pain. Awordingly ilie lieutenaiil and fcvent]! 
ncti proceeded lt> tUe village of VfiBgiia, wbcr^ 
rrceivcd a iHellagc from the CHCiniir., defiring 
: would conip up to Ills houf't^, whirli ItootI af 

a kilJ. He had now oi:cafion tor ail liis ad^ 
refs. He rcfolved Iq arwpt tbeinviiaiioii wil 
kc mt:ii wily i hating ordiTud (lie reft [i-> follir _ 
vo nrid tw o at foine difianre, and, on hfiiiing ihq 
bpnrt of a mulkri, iiiinitdiately to fiirrnund thd 
toufe. Quibio mcetini; the lirutmunt ai tl* 

oar, was immedialcly frized ; and the lignal I 

ing given, the Spaniards encircled the houl'e, 

^'hc priucc being takoi, abiiiit thirty alicodanl 

Bade no oppoliiiou. But as ibey were conveyic 

be cacltiiie on board, he ftmud menus tn leap iiH 

ihr^ nverj and darkiiefs letting id. it \vn» imi 

nliibk lo recnver liiiii, or lo know the evenC 

Ifter a fruiilefs loarah, the party returned ovo- 

riielinrd wiiU ihame and vexation. 

rinding it iniprafticnble to recover the fugitive 

niiian, the lieutenant and hi* meu ciojc oa 

uiard the admiral, and preleutetl the pliiiiilci'of 

liiibio's botilc, whicli was pretty eonildetable. 

A lil'tli part v as deduced for theii' Caihrjiicma- 

'fliies ; and the reft diftributed aotong the purty 

Imaged in (he expediiiou. 

The river being again fwelled by the rnins 

ohimbus tnitnd nie.inK, tlioHgh with much ditfi- 

aliy, to get over the bar into the fca. He the 

vitrd for a Jiiir wind locair-j \iTOvtf> Hif^)3nioiaJ 

in Mht\nct^ he purpoicA Veuiiin^ t'-i'^i'SiV's 'w>'> 

r»- it-tUtaueat. Duxia^ ^v* vtt'jiniX, \i.-t.'- 




COLVMBrS, fif 

liall^ went alhore. find was the prohaHnJ 
of a number of Spaniards , For Uiiibinl 
;M faw the fiiips at fed, ih.in he iclblvrd ( 
lack the fttllenifnl i and (he furronndinj; 
farilita'cd the enlprpriw. I'lit tlic licU- I 
widi untbuiil ed rcfolution, falli*^ piii on 
iray, snd coinpellcd the fiivagw to rctitr, 
ilie boai Kiiuhed tlic fliore. iti this <^n- i 
■, a Spaniard waa killed aud fcvco «!iiii(d- 
nng whnni was Uie !ieiUci\:ini himiclf. 
smy. Iiowevcr, ag:iin and again returned 
;hai^ I and the fpitit of ttip Kurope^mi 
us broken as wcU as their number re- 
while (he admiral waited impatiently for 
ble weather to fend the only hoat afliore. 
icmained, for inleliigence previous in his 
thecoafli andin thi* interval, fome of the 
:s efcaped in the night, and the reft h.inged 
ves in defpair; fo that no hoftages for 
s peaccfnl demeanour were left. From 
ilcmeocy of the elements, no boat ciMiM 
nd the aiixietv of Columbus incre^finj;, 
sgcd one of his pilots to fwim athore for 
ence. This hazardous enterpiize he hap- 
compliflied, and returned with a melan- 
etail of attacks uilhoiit, and animofitiei 
Bartholomew found it impracticable to 
n his authority; and the. fetilers were 
ions in nothing but in quitting the place. 
mJra) feeing no other alternative than to 
the fetttcrs, anion^ whom w.is his owii 
, to certain delJruition, or to take thenvotvj 
rJJrf not /;eyi(.i(e whttt line o5 twA'.v&- 
He received and BccorcimoAavei^t" 
the beH auuner that \he c\i[CVBnftaa 



B2 FOtlBTH 1»D L*fiT VOYAGB OP 

of his Ifaips Mrmild permit. All the gnciils sad 
ftores were cairicd off; and nolhing pf value left. 
fxccpt ll\e hulk of 'he l!)i[> inicndwl (nt ihc uiV 
of the frtiinnfnt, which was foood too rocteo to' 
be of farihw fervice. 

Tlie admiral having yiplded to iraperious cit 
mmlt-iaers, whicli fraftrated his reainiiable eX' 
pert ,iti oils of deriving credit and advaiitiige fiw 
tiVLliiig a fcttlemeTic on tlie conlinent, fail 
along the coaft to tlie eaftw.ird, tontnry to i 
jtidgmcnt of bH hia pilots, who thought it polfi 
bleUireadiDomingobvbeai-ing to the north. T! 
fuperiornautiralikillof Columhusand his liroTlte; 
l.iught lliem otheruife. They were neverthelelj 
f xpofed to the oblotiuy of ignorance ; and miir 
murs and apjin-hwllunK were I'lireail, that he ha4 
it in contempiatioti to fail direfily for Spnin,' 
witlmut liaviug takea in provi&ons adequate to 
ihe voyage. 

Having reached Porto Bello, he was obliged (« 
leave anoitier of hiii ihips, which was tolally de- 
cayed. He then paffed Porto Rctretc, together 
with a number of minute iflaods; and havia^ 
weatiiered the point of Marmori on the conti 
utnl. on the ift of May, he flood to Ll>c nqrth,^ 
with both wind aiid currents letting from 

'ITic principal nnvigators afSrmed, that hewsi 
already to the eafiward of the Cflribhees ; but 
hinilelf w;is fearful he thould not yet i>e able I 
t*etc!i Hilpaniola, and his judgment was vcrifie' 
After a run of fevetaj days, he liniiid himftl. 
among the ii];ind's called Ihe Queen's Garden, 
/lvj laigiies to the foHlhwatA ni Cuba, By ihl 
time the lliips were fo \eaVM \\\aV ^V^^ t»v 
tamcJy ixi ijianaged by \!a& <^<avc^'^: ^i.\t &s' 



a 

4 



•^ 




«f ike CTTWt «'as ribfluftcd ; and they were »t 
;tn,« ot' viTy indifl'crcnt f»rc, hnil if 
'L-d. In lliis mchricholv littiaiiuii, 

'a (ioTiTi, TI.' ■ ■ -t 
intl had ncariv ■ ■ ; 

ilD f.ivourrd li' ; 

1 clpar, nnd lif' r 

V. La( liHiii-iicd ihtirthatik. ■■, 

■ tliF raorliuig, ihat only 'inij IL. ■.« 

I VI u I'll I : hull this giTi^ii wj), Uiry, 
; 11 dallied on puiotcJ meks. 
The wi-.inlicr haviiig become mtKirratr, Cf>!nm- 
bus failed to an Indian town in CuKi. rsr-ird 
Maitara, where lie laid in fomc i- ' 
liul tiiiding it impoltible to bear up foi i ^ ■, 

iw; Hood uver to Jamaiea, wilh [he fliips alinoii 
lullofwater. in I'pite of all thdr cKpninni. At 
iafthe reached the hnrbnur of Santa yinria. well 
Guarded by rocks i and finding it impoirible to 
keep the (hips longer afloat, be ran them .tgronnd, 
fide by Tide, and ordered Iheds to b<? matte i^n tlidr 
dciAs for the protection of his men. By this ex- 
pedient he iiad the crews more unikr iiHiirol 
than if tlicy had bpcn nil land, and better gmird- 
ej from any attack of the native*. Will; iJisi 
wifdom which atwnys marked hia cnndnft. he 
appointed two perfous to fiipei'ime^il ihc raarkef, 
Uiiit equal julliie miglit be done on both fides; 
and the Indians, lure of honour.iUe irp.itmmt, 
1 might be rwdy to fvippiv him with provilioo*. 
■In trarfic. Thelc rcgulaiions were 
111 to his own men, who were vreYl 
:, .-ind to the Indians who fietiueiitlv ex- 
... . . ihciranimftli and pruviRousioT -A \j\\<fi - 
rfJCKg^/au ticais, orahawVsXAW. K^^v^ 





I 



i 



64 FOUBTH AND LAST VOTAGB OP 

was fcmetimes complimfnted wiili 3 red cjp, a 
faiall looking-glali, or a pair of fdlTars. 

Bill though tlicy were row freed from tiie 
prelTiire of want and immpdiate tlangcr, tiii» 
vas not the I'cene of their reft. Tlie Hdmiral 
next confulted how to tranfport the partv lo 
Hiipaniola, and after niaturt ddiberation, it W3» 
refolved, lliat two canoes fliould be difprtichcd 
thither with an account of the'ir niisfortiinui 
and a preliing folicit.iiion to the govrrnor, to 
fend a ihip for their relief. James Me.ndct de 
Segura, the admiral's fi'crctary, embarked in one 
cMDoe with fisteen men, Spaniards aod IndiuiU) 
and tlie command of ilic other was given to 
JlartJiolomcw Fiefco, a Genocfe gentleman, who ■ 
had the fame number of li;inds. This h(i iiii 
orders to return immediately with tht news of 
ihrir fafe arrival ; while Mendez ihould i.'ouiiniic 
his roiite over land to St. Domingo. ' 

The men left, loon Ijegau to grow (ickly fiom 
the fatigue they had undergone, and a rharigcDl' 
diet ; and illnefs always foilers a fpirit of Uiiion- 
tent. They now caballed ag.iiiill tlic admirjl, 
as if he had no wilh to return 10 Spiiiii; 1I117 
anticipated ihe refufal of (he governor of ]li!|ij- 
niola to grant any alliftance from his prcvi.ii- 
conduft; they even fuggefted Uiat thi: t..:. . ■ 
were lofl, or fome tidings would have be<ii k 
ceived from the fecreiary. Hence they coin In J- 
ed, that it was their be(l plan to leave the »d.n.- 
ral, who was very ill of the goul, and 10 f H' n" 
tlicirconipanioiis to Hifpanioia, whcrr 
fertioii would i^ a paifport lo the z"''' 
ivjiir. Two brothers of the luinv 
'*■ iiiggtr&fii ai]d fnp^iwVtrs (jS ■'*■■ 



J 



coi.viinvt. 

tlie blfliop af Burgus, llie fMorti faa of 

fiuiubuft, kept UDC of llicir lirtrfi i' ' ' . of 

uiiin^ tbcy ilid out doubt Um Id 

with prnifdion in Spiiin. ini-i- uitj. 

Blioii;> had ilicir lull efird; iiiiil Mtmut fnify* 

. ot the incD liaiiiig t'.ilW iiito llirir liti«t 

paralioiis were diligently audc lor lliu cxetu- 

lof their (iilii;!!, 

laltns bfing ripe for n difrovriy, on the 2d 
Januar)- IJtW. Captain Frain-isdt i'nrr.ii. who 
"i lif^'fi irtrHrti leader, alcctifling the- i]i;;ictcr- 
■rlniiriil lay coufliifdiulicd, iiuV 
, (lir rc-.ifoiiu'iiy licdid fiuictium 
f*ia, hill k!:[ix Iii^ men lo pi.Tilii m Imi-Ji a 
ation. Columbus, fulpcfting h c«ii I piracy, 
n\y rcplitd, lliat it was imnclMilc uj rcinni 
Bjiain without a velicl i tlial liolli iuictrll niul 
prompted him to be goiif, and liiat tVir the 
_ liilicalion ol" hi* pcupli-, be wtiuld luiiimoii all 
bi" oiticers tcieoiifiilt i>n tht- [iKMnsiit' forwarding 
" ar ivithps. Thin mild rem i>ii It ranee had no 
. oil Porras. lie laid it wa* now (oh liitc to 
Se words; that II the adnui'iU did tiol immci' 
^ely embark lie might liay alone Thtu raif- 
bia voice, he cAcUiinied, " 1 mn i;uing to 
pain with thofe who are indiiifd to fid low 
By thiii hisudhcrttils juiuid in ilir t^kda' 
poci, and imnicdiatcly took polVcHion of dif- 
11 parti of the lliip, (n that uproar and eoti- 
■II were utiivcrfal, The niiil'e rf this tumult 
jfrd Uie admiral from hii bpd "t fnkncls : )in 
up, and waK only wichhrld Irani milling 
the midfi of the coii!pir:itors, by the afl'rt;- 
atc retbaijii.s of his I'ervanls, \v\\o iXfiaAsWa 
bi br iiiiirtlcred. The Viev\\.cu'^\A, 'Avaj 
bnt-flj' rutins out on the muVVvitcx*, 'W^ 



BOURTH AND LAST VOYAGE OF 

armed and confined, having cautioned Ponai in 
vain to rcfleft on his couilu6t, whirh w-mdd 
raixt with exemplary puiilftitnent. 'I'hp ring- 
leader difrcgarding this advice, and fi*izlng tew 
-canoes which h,id been piirchafed of ihp Imlifltit 
~w CaluHibus. embarked with all his adherer.'^ 
Iho CKprtii'cd ihi' lame 'fxullation as if tliey hid 
^rcjdj' been landed in Spain. On this irccalion, 
'ume who had not joined ill the conl'piracj-, de- 
"airing now of relict', dcfired to be taken on 

Mrd, to the iniiiiite forrow of the admiral nnd 

his few remaining followers. Had the wbrtle 
been in health, il is prob.ible that none but hi* 
futlier and hij domcAics would have remained 
their duty. 

The iTiuiineerscoaffing along the eaft (ide if 
Janiaico. comniitled all manner of outrage-son 
the iialivcs. and defired ihem to apply fur rcdrdi 
Btid iiidcmiiity to the udminil, who was l!ie ao- 
tluir of all iheir calamities; and (o pnt bkn 
denth, (liOHld he deny them fali^ftiftion. 

Hnvin; earned their malice as tar a% diaboli- 
cal invcniioii w(^iU(l go, they began tbdr x'oys' 
for Hilpnnioia, wiih fome Indians, whom th^ 
compelled to ait as rowers. They hod not, how- 
fver, made four league* from land, wlieu thft 
wind, which w^» eoiitrarj', began to frefhtn, and 
the fe,i to rife and to till the canoes. Bcnng an- 
aequaintcd with the mnde of nivigating fudt 
veflt'ls. they thought to tighten them by muidet 
ing the Indians, and throwing their bndiestfiti 
the ocean. This iiihaman defign they cseeutd 
fi*ne; others being (hru'ivn overboard allvfi 
k'a/H till they were cx\ia\\ftpA. ihctv lian^ing b) 
Sc t-ain-ci far breath, Uic AfVc\\a\j\e totoA^vs*! 
^iit-iriiaoiis; and in Oits njaftws e\^vv*;M>- 



3 



cottnuvt. 07 

ProbflWy not odc wfinM hnvc efrspeiJ, I 
a few been Caved Mit of n rrin^l chnritv lot 
back to Jomnica ) an they rnund iti 
icaUe in proceed. Having rrlaudrd im I 
ind, a roiin^il wa» held; wbrn fomcpro-J 
that they Ihoiild ukc Hilvaniage of tliul 
ndcarrenlJ! tn run met t.i Cuba, whcnrcj 
10 Hii'paniola was Ibort: othrtrsad-f 
ipting to niake tlieir pcacp with ihoJ 
but a inajurily ot' voicrs agreed, Ihatj 
il became culm, ihey ItioiJd ptiriue llitirl 
Tfiyagfi. Haling wailed a ni'mth for at 
ble oppiirtuiiilynf Wiing the tfla[id,a»dl 
viiig made two unfucceftjul eliorls, l!n"y| 
marched by land to the weltwaid, plun-- 
ihc natives as ihfv advaiiied. 
firftcareof ihc admiral, was to el^c thai 
imprrtli'.itii wJiitli (he mutinrcrs had made] 
: Indians, and in this he tnrtiinatcJy fuc- 
i lor tlicy I'ltpplicd him uitb prnvilicna a% I 
1 His nrxt object was to r«'m'er his pco-| 
the fiijiplles br could procure for thfir re- 
£ut the Indi.ius atirnding na larthcr to} 
Iture than waa abroliitcl)' neeellary fori 
rwn fnbiiflencr, began lo fed a ftarcilyjT 
jadjniral bting in a litiiaiinn thai no Imij^fTl 
tgcd obedicni'c and rcfpcft, they becamBl 
rcoi about his wants. Tlifi lagaciiy ofl 
bliSi ercr prompt at expeOimUs, lupplicdr 
ith a moft extraordinary r<;roiircc I'm r^-j 
hia charaflr.rr »nd crrdit with ihefa-f 
K.u»wiiig by calculations, ibat in iJin^ej 
"■ "" i!il be an ccliplt of ihu rnoun, he] 
.' Hif('aniola to iiiVi.'VT\\iV \\\t cV\ei^ 
rr/it, inaiidtiair ot*imp>3'[Vav>ci',v.n ^'^'^ 

1 -A 




88 FOUBTH AUn lAST VOTACK OF 

his iiiterpretct, that be and hh proplc •mat 
Chriftians, and believed in God wliocrealrd ihe 
vcn 3nd the earth, protetled ihe righteotw. 
d piiniflied- the wicked; and tbcrcfurc would 
It iutt'er ihe rfbellious Spaniards to jwl* nva 19 
_ ilpauidla, thyiigh fie liad by hi* l*[ovid>-tire 
conduflfd the ipelfengt-rs lent hv htm. becinla 
their detign wa; ITmclabiei ihut the ihine Ai- 
mighivi and All-juft heing was incetHcd j^iiiiill 
the Indians lor beccimiug negligent in f'upplyiiig 
his peopie with [irovilitms, mid wa* determined 
topuuith them with plague and famine. Asa 
token ot" which, the}' would tliat very nigtii 1« 
the moon rife with an angry and bloody alpcilit 
to denote the misfortuoen that were about ta 
enfuc. 

As fear or belief operated on the mind, tbh 
pr^hecy had di33teat eifefta. but wbc» tlw^ 
p^Ceived the moan ii; reality ei'lipfeJ, aaa 
darfcnefa increaliiig as flie role, univcrfal caB"- 
fteriiation prevailed. Thev came running fram 
all quarters, ladcD with provilion!{;and wiibloui 
cries and lamentations fupplitated ihr admiral 
to intercede with God in th>*ir behalf; and tbit 
tor the future they would U.' alieiit^e lu all liif 
waiit^. Having obtained this piomife, Culiua- 
buB laid he would nfs bis inducnce with tbo 
Snprciiiei and accordinglv Ihut himfcif up, while 
the Indians remained without, howling in the 
moll piieoits nvinner. and imploring hi* iil!ill> 
Slice. Whi'n he perceived the eclipfc abiiut Id 
k^feercafe, he came out. and had them be oI'i^mmI 
^^Beer) hi« prayers for them had been he^ardj and 
^^»t Gi>i\ had forgiven them, on cunditicici of 
^^mir bfing kin<i-Ai\\ holpitabW \.u\V.tt\«'X\vii»,%i 

■_ ^ 




IfperiJilyfreUitmoou ijyafidpherwTatliAil 
■■ '■'■ her fonncT ijilcnilfir. 

; Ttrrificd, ihrv aciorcdtl 

■ r^i Mir i.:iiiiu.Tn5 1 ami evrr afii-r timtium 

r fupplv him ?t)d liis men to ihe uinnjft uf th< 

. fur thoogh tlvcy niiill liavc oMen-i 

Iwrforc, tbey iJiou^hl it iniprlliWc 

KiXiiX them, and ihrrrfoic conlidcrnl C?nhi(i 

w ss 3D imnn-di.iir agoiit ol ihr Dcitj-. 

v of this anilicc, we. r:mnn( rrfu 
i!T\'in(^. Iliflt it wns lirongU liiiilu 
nil impiety aiiiiprcrumptiQn; but ir WHS-t 
■fV fnljcitilf (lian inain wliicli ibc protrllM 
- iprciDc Uring hare ulcd to pr 
■ let mils. 
. nioiiihs hnd nowFlapfciirmi-ic the lirp.if 
- ni'-lVcn);i'r3 1(1 ViiljianinU; anJ fi 

■ :i.>nb(;:an to wavtT. Itwa"!!^ 

■ iiadptrillied 111 tht- ffa.orbccdi 
, til'' Hilpaiiio);in Indians. 'I'lii-tc 

' ,:[iii -ncrr coLilirrT-d by the inCormatti 
rflomc of the nativr* of Jamaicn, wholititi tb 
I J r.',-[i a c.moe ovfrfei, dnvrti on ihc toafi 
Every day adding (irfti^th tn frari 
..;,.'|iirsrv was formird; ni I lie iicadof whi 
"r")!] 0111- Betiiird, an apothecary. The plan w 
'" delrrt (bn adroival in imiTnri"n nf thi- 
I'T nmtinrrn; bill hiippily this wiis icnrfi 
i^Wtlii- by \iv ;im\ al of ii (liip frofn Hifpauio; 
rhp raptain, whole nnme was Jmncs Ac KIVoI 
iliving romr lo an anchor, vilitrd ihr ndmi 
"'"h c-nnjplinimts from thr givrif nr, who lieing, 
'"iaiEl, imjimvidfid «'ii!i a Ihip fiiHiciunt fur tlui 
^"poi'r ot rrnnfporting I'o nv.iny mw\,\\'\ii ^ifvA. 
w jp,v/i.rir nfa calk of -fttw ?iv\ ^.-wn ^" ' 
_^cvii. Having dcliveiTLd \ivi.4 cw. 

1 3 N^\VU.>j 



rgO FOURTH ASH LAST VOYAGE OF 

withotil waiting for a reply, he wtighcd anelioC) 
anil (iiilcd agniu the lame t-vniing, Thnugh Co* 
luni^nis was Ihtng to the ibul by this abriijil de- 
patiiirr, he concealed his emol. on; and affcA.'d 
, to i:\y, that the caraval had failed by Iiis diree- 
K tions} bccaiifc being lou linall to take the ivliole 
W jiarty, he was determined thi-y lliooid not be Ic- 
~ par.itcd. This dei;laratiou ncicc more lilenced the 
con I'pira tors. But tJie truth was, tlie governor 
ol'HiljiaiiioIa, being jeahiii.ilrll Columbus, on hit 
return to -Spain, Ihould lupencde him, had leiit 
to ri-fOTinoitrc his iimalion, with a view nt'de- 
ftroyiiig him. By tJie arrival of llj'ia (hip, how- 
ever, Columbus had received uudouhtetl iutcUi- 
Et;nc[.', that hii meflengers had Keen able to dil- 
cliarge their iniliioii; and he induli;ed the hope, 
that liieir'remonftrances would procure iiim at laft 
Ihe wilhi'd for relief, 

iThcie refohitc adventurers, faithful to tlieis 
rharge, had contended with many dilKculties in 
their palTage, but at laft funnounted them all. 
For two days they co'HiniiFd rowing and p:ld- 

tdling. during which they I'uflained the exiroiocs 
oflliitil, heat, and fatigue; and fome of the 
Iri'Jians nftually died for want of refrellunwit. 
At ihc end of the fccond day, they began to fiif- 

Ip'efl that Ihey had mifl'ed the right coiirfe, and 
defpondency began to feize them} but obfcning' 
Ihe moon rife over-land, wliieh proved to be < 
ftnall illand about eight leagues i'rom HiriiaiiiolHi ' 

tthwr hiipes revived with the profpeft. I'or thii 
fpot they rowed witli inlcofe cfiortii »nd 
ne-il morning going aihor-, Ibnnd it barren 
end del'ohte; but it furt\ittwA v.at«i:, of whiehj 
Ionic dmnk (o fuch an eTt.cp[s, as wy"^'^^^-'"" 
£es and oilier dangerous d\fl.cRi^«s. Wi';\'r^ 



I 



cor.i'siBi's. pi 

U»rmfcl»« lo Ibc bell manntr thfy cmild, 

■ ■ ' !l- forCape St. Michael. ihc 

uila, whrrc thiry fafcly ar- 

ri. itn, saMiig PTinrcd himfclf two 

wowM have rc-.tomed to the ndmirsl a>. 

fd; btitiiHitiM fsilors nor Indiiiiis would ac- 

IV him. Ai li>r Mender, though be U- 

i-vd under a ((iiari m a^uc, lit; fet om imnwdi- 

' forXaiagii.i.iiijii fct Ibrth (hi- admirjl'slitn- 

i to the grttt-rnnr i who, aftrr much impoHii- 

I gave liim [rtnnillinn to piirchafc a fhip ,it Si. 

ningD, Thii vcllVl st'iMwards lai!i:d Cor Ja- 

i.from whence CoUimhusdipaichird her with 

ieli fnr their Oitholic Mnjfltif-i. 

(k'lirf orreciiiT-iliMiliirti I'or (hi- benefit of at\ 

tiK^, prompted the admiral tn HUempt to hriiig 

fPorras back to their dutv. To tnforcL' his 

iimonH, he fet bcf'nc ihrm ihi' prol'iieft of a 

dv voyiigc lo tliiir ri-,vii o.oumr)' ; informing 

be hud tweived a promifc of beitig lelitvert 

icnr.ivjlfrom Hifpaniola; and in contirmatien 

■ truth of ihi), feni Ihcm a part of his prtv 

*'. The rini;-leaders, d reading a re-\inioii. 

ployed all their eloquence to difliiade thirir ad- 

cnts from arccptinK 'be propofals ; ami word 

feni b;(ck, th'.it they were ready to depflrl 

rably for Hirpaiiiolii, if the admiral watUd 

h tbera\x'ith a veliel : or if he had hut one, 

6ne half of it for their iirrommodatioif ; 

the toeaitlirne divide the cluthe-i and com- 

tilies in his jvilii'lliiin with tlicm. To ihisai^ 

t demand w,".s added a threat, that if he re- 

to comply, they would come and fttip hitn 

jiefwer :hr\- aftually veMveA.«» ■^wV'mS 
b, and njarcJtcd dovva v.-'wb.wi * ft.w'iV ^ 






52 FOOBTH AKD t.Aar ifoTARE or 

(ante of the wrecks. Columbus being info 
of their inlfntion, dclachfd fifty mpn vti-ll aimMl, 
iindw thi" rotninand of iiis brother, pnioining him 
to i!<(pof\i))at<t wiiii the rebds, nnd In icrntini 
bum holiiliiiRK, (inle& firft attacked, 'llic liifo* 
tenant having advanced within bow*ftiot of lli< 
mutineers, di^lired a ronfcrence with iheii cap- 
tain. I his conriefcenho'i being afcribed to learj 
Wb5 tteated n'iih confempl j and they immediate 
Jy fell uiJon his men in fure hojies of vifloryj 
'I'lieif cxjicftnlions, howi^ver, were difappoiiitfdJ 
Al the firft chargi", five nut of fix. of the mofi 
foliilr, wbn h.Td fworn to cat llieir way ibfuugli 
were brought to the ground, and among liiea 
the two mort daring of the conipiraturs. 

As for ihcir leader, Kriincis de Porras, be wi 
taken prifoiiefi when the reft turned thHrbaci 
and fled. Tlif lieutenant, having gained a 
plelc viflory, returned to the lliips with lii» priJ 
fctncn, Himffll* was wounded in ihs hand, and 
another gentleman, being pierced with a Ipear* 
aflerwards died. This wds the utilv lols that 1 
friends of Columbiis fiiflnined. The intr 
4>ilot, indted, who fwani ii|}iorc an fornierly 1 
tioncd, had a laoft miracnlous efi-ape for his lif 
This man being fpent witli wounds, fell over 1 
rocks during thefray, and was not dilcnvercdlil] 
nest evening, when fome Indians found him liil 
nlive. His IkuU was laid open, fo ihat his bmnsl 
cpfKAted; his arm was almiift amputated i tb« 
calf of one !eg bung by a ligament ; and one fo 
WBs diced from the heal to the toes. Notwiti>-J 
Handing tliefe defperate wounds, he fo teniBtdl 
the Judinns w/to apprfiachcd him, with curiiy aiiiil 
thrcins, that thty ftriintV.ewMno&.ccwft.PiTO.iAW'f 
J>ui Che admiral fating apv^uitioi \iii. ^\Wav*a 



i^,,ii .!„ medical alBftaufciii hispowia-, 

- iif tvcry one, he rrcoverfd. 

m ijiiiiT aniniolitir«, nnd a fearcily 

IKnn bonM, tbcaiimiral lidairird Por- 

liiiftntnt ( Jind n|>f«jinled h pmper piT- 

.iiiaiid lind li-ad ali&ut the ca)>livr male- 

ll. I ofTmd!u!iruhlirt(.Tiee, 

I i,oiiiiii-6 ai ihcy had 

IS amoTig the Spanifird? bting ttiiw 
ike Indians berime lir'niibk- of fhe 
of giving tiiem oritiici- ; »nd alViduoidly 
lied tliciii with prcvilioui. A year had new 
cd finrp the Syaniards were wifvked i>n Ja- 
a. The Iliip which Mctidez had puvchafed, 
li arrived; and Columbus, wiih his whole 
lany, embarked on ihi' USlh of Jimcj and, af- 

irouhlerfnif voyage, reathrd St. Domingo 
le 13th of Aiigult 150J. Heie the guvemor 
ved him with the molt fawning attentionsj . 
li a proof ihai his horpilalities were only af- 
lion, hp ftl Pon*as at liberty, and even ihreat- 

lo ptitiiili thofe who had been moll a&ive in 
fthendin^' him. As foon as the admiral's 
had brr:ii rt-filttd, and anotlicr engogH for 
iccom modal ion of his friends, hie fsiled for 
fpe on the 2d of September. But tefore they 
Ikcb two teaguKS nt fea.Ihe m.iftof his confort 
S by tlie board, on which fhr- whs iVni back 
" rqiaiicd, while he pn">ci-eded on his voyage:. 
ftw heing difmaffed in a violent ftorm, and 
[gling with many difhciilties, as well as a fit 
in gout. Columhusat lall arrived in the \Kirt 
1, Iiiicar lie iiarr.imcda. He \\ii ua ^o«ft.« 
?df&jn ijp (tea rd, with \mfpeak;i\iVx>^^.«^>'*^ 



\3\«« 



\ 



£)4 POPRTH *WO 1.A5T VOTACB 0» 

blow wliicii he never nxovttei, Ferdinand, in- 
deed, treated him wiih cmncmin attcDtion ; but ■ 
gave ttrong iritimnti'>ii!i. Ihut (he icrms he bni I 
ItipuLated tor hinifdi" were Ion ntlvancagrotis. and 
wiflicd lo propole coming to a new agrwmeiit. 
This however never touk place ; the ncgociationi 
eniered iolo were interrupted by the accf-lfion of 
Philip to the throne of Cdflilf, and Cnliinihu*, 
■worn nut with infirmilies nnd chagrin, yielded tsp ■ 
Uie ghofi at Vahdolid on the 2()th of May 1 509, , 
iiilljc fixly-fourthyearof his age. His repuinij 
were conveyed, by the luiig'e order, to ScTiUevl 
where, Ibme auihora !ay, he was magnificently T 
inicrred, in the niooaflciy of the Carilmftiim i 
and tlial a monument was ereflcd to his mtaoiajj 
charged with thi;> inicripLion, 

A GASTILtA V A LEON, 
I4EUVO MUNDO DEO' COLON. 

^Vhich maj' be thus tranflated, 

TO CASTILE AND LEOM, 
A KEW WORLD WAS OIVEK BV COLUMSDl, 

Others a ITerl, that his monument oiili'e\iftii,it Se 
ville) forihal hisbody waii buried al St. Ui>m[iigi»t| 
in the ehancei of ilie enihedrai ; and nn ariielctu 
Ihc public prints from Spain, on (he 1a(e ecltion oB 
Hilpantola lo France, feems to confirm thUl 
Jicf. For we read, that llie reniains of Coliimb 
were to be transferred, with great pomp, fiomSli 
Comiiigo to Cuba. 

iudi were theadventtirc? and the f^A rf ' 
Juiiibus : 3 man whom aUpofti;rvtY will virwwilll 
edmintion, and honowi vjv\\> a^^Vv^^t. "ftil 
^Jgrarvfudc he cxperknceiVsliic w.Vviai'V'ito.TOl 



firttre; hw greal to be repaid. The paiiJer or 
tV* ■niniQn of power may receive an ailrqiiate 
I', .'.i:! for hi^ degrading fervililjcs; but he who 
rcltple? ilie Ipleiidor of na original kingdom by 
fnrit an accclEon as a new world, may excileen- 
w. b'.it cannot nieetwilh a due recoinpciicc, wilh- 
otil being confidcred as a riv.il to his prince. 
Prrhaps the grand loiin-e of the inL^forliine^ of 
Cfrtunibiis wns his indiloreet ftipnlation for a 
joirt authority in iiis new difcovprics, Hia good 
(rnf'- mijhl have told him, that itwaa impollible 
to Iv 3 partner ■wiih a king. 

y-'c Ifcall conclude, ihc hiftory'of Columbus* 
to*.j:;i-i, with his diaraSer, as delineated by s 
Sjj:i.iiili writer of veracity. " Columbus," fays 
lie, " was taU of ftaturp, had a long i-ifa^r, and 
" 3 majfllic alpi'S. His nole was aquiline, bis 
" C)-cs grey, and his complexion clear and 
•* ruddy. When young, his h.iir and beard were 
" (Jiri but hardlliips foon turned them grey. 
" Hcwas a man of wit ;uii3 plrufaiitry, flni"iucnt 
" In difc-oiirie, yet nwder;itdy grave iu bi^ de- 
•• portnjent. His affability to ftrangers, and his 
"■ imiicions converfatioii, gained liim ihc atfcc- 
■ lion of every ingenuous mind ; while ini air o" 
" anthor'ity and grandeur atlra/lcd rtfpcfi. He 
*• iras ftriA in his religious ubfrrvances himfcll', 
■• and obliged thofe who were under !iis com- 
" mand to (hew at lead a decent regard to this 
•• faci-cd infiitotion. He had an e.iriieft con- 
'■ ■ n for th': converfion of the Indians, and 
•nvijured as much as was in his pouer to 
I- rn tliem, by obliging the S^iaiiiard* 1.0 W*- 

h if- in fome meal'tire coivctfowi\'ci"ij\cv"i 

U||w^ tliey pmfeiTcd. His cowrate -wii 
^^^■ttti: be was fond oi eitat itiV«V^'^"^ 



gS lOUBTH AND LAST VOYAGE, JtC. 

temperate in living, mndi-ft in drefs, pfitient 

under injuries j and rnucii were ansious to 
bring his enemies ic a lt-(ile <it" ihtir olK-ncts, 
" than to retaliate injufiicc lie leiiisincil im- 
" moved aniidll the numerous dangers and ad- 
" veifliic.-: tJiat atteuded him, ever placing a ti.Tii 
" reliance on Divine Providence. In fliort, had 
•' he lived in earlier lirucs, his condufl and hii 
" aehicvuncnts would have procured him ftaiuf s 
" and letiiplea in his honour. He would hava 
" been ranked with Hercules and Bacclius ; aOd 
" a confleUaiion perhaps would have borne lui 
" name. However, he will be lemenibered 
" long as the world endures." 



EIOGKA- 




BIOGRAPHICAL N'OTICtS 

DP THH 

CJBOTS, 



DISCOVERIES. 

I 

^V has been alrcudv mnarkcit, tlint Bnnlioio- 
^F^niew Coliimhiw was lent to Henry Vjl, of 
^Eii^Ilind.iii [iroflct liislirotluT'slcrvii t*«i niid tliai 
tliclii wr.rr Kill tn lliis n.itiiliT, hv the toiirl 01 
t'jliikal laft elding >itb llie pmpof\'.i of Co- 
loinbui himfelf. It fcrnn probabL-, iiowevw, 
lliiit till: ainbitioi) ur furiotiiy ut llii; Erglilli iii- 
v'd'-ign bi.'iiig roiiM by llie deuiliiiliiit wML'hiul 
bf^fDre liim. iiKiii(.(.d liim lo wiili to panicipnic Lu 
lilt: luiQours and .idvniiiagiM i>f Columbus' dift'O- 
nieii it' lit; coulJ nut (Juirda ihc urigiiial title 



pVhepi 



ic palrotiagc nf a king will alwny^ irmpt rJit 

iiift} ntid !]□ country is fpi barren in );i-iiiu< 

<d ingf-iiuity, V* luii lo pofliii'i Unxvc. alpiiini; 

i{i] to wliidi ruyal piututlion and <-in:t>u- 

icul <*an cmiiuiunicitic an cntliulitiin tu 

to fufl'f r. 

ilmlii'iii C'alint vra% born nt Brinol. in Mfi^. 
ilathcT wus n niitivi' of Viiiiv^i:; wvAW-tivk* 
li /(w in «J1 idolV branches u4 wa.^V.wao^'^- 



HW BiooB^rmcAi. NOTICES np 

hi nd without ratich inercaiing his former rq>ii 

lation. 

DillippoinTed, and probsbly neglefted in con- 
ff ijUPHCe of liis fjilorc, he M\ lingland, and en- 
irrc.il into ihe Icrvice of Sp:iin, in which ht toft 
lo the hightfl rank, nnd fiyn.iUicd liimlcif in 
many hazardous attempts to praniotc thu views 
f>r' liii employers, I'oitinic, however, frowned 
upon him. In an iiiiended voyage to the Mo- 
luccas, through the ytraighia of Magellan, his 
roen bccami: iniitinous, and hi'; projett was fnif- 
iiLited. He, however, frtil'.'d up ihc rivers PlaiA 
and Paragusy. built fevcral fortp, and diU'overed 
and reduced a rich atid feitilc trafi of country 
under the dominion of Spain. After fjiending 
five vwr^ in Ameriea, he returned in chagrin; 
Stid met but with a cold reception. 

Thefc eircumllarces confpired lo piiakc him 
anxious to return to his native country : about 
the latter end of the rdgn of Henry VIII. he 
he again I'etllcd at Briftol. 

A fpirit of commerce beginnings to be dilTufed 
in England, Cabot, in 1553, was aftive in an cn- 
terprife to fit out fome (hips fer llif difrovery of 
the northern parts of the world : and tlii-rcby to 
open new fcenc-i of aftion, and new channi>ls for 
traffic. The expedition look place witli ihc pa- 
tronage of governmenl ; and this was the firft 
voyage made to Rullia, and llic foundation of thai 
intercourfo which has fince fublilie.d between the 
two nations. Upon this tint fuccefs, a Rulhan 
company was foimed, of «'hich Cabot was confli- 
luted sjovemor lor life. 

Aticr an ai^iive lite, fi^tnl In the nioft honour'^ 
ah/c purfuiti, and chicfty emp\iyjcA\'n'iws^M\'w: 
p/'Ais coimtr/, he dicdup-WMi^oiWNfnv^-j^yK* 



^^^ TH8 CABOTS. 101 

J Thongh his feme mull be allowet! !□ bo 
rinftnor lo Ihnl JulTiy doc to Columbus. 

lims, as an origins! difcrivwer, wcrr infintirli 
pcrior to lh!>ri- of (Vim-rifiij VcJputiiis. Bui 
rtune, Icioniled bycHpricc, havK given tiic lalie 
[laine. vbich we fhall now fee was ncitlier i 
«d nor juft. 



Ka 



*I05R> 



THE CABOTS. 101 

igB, Though his fame muft be. allowed to be 
(mr inferior to that jiilily due lo Coliimbii', his 
claims, as an original difcovcrcr, were infinitely 
fiipcrioi to ihofc of Americus Vefpiilius. But 
fortuncj fccorded bycapriccj have given llie Intter 
a ramp, whicli wc ihall now fee was neither lue- 
rit«d norjuft. 



K3 



BlOGRAPm. 



I04 BIOGBAPHICAl NOTICES OP 

four rtiip9, according to lomc wiiten, fet fnil fro; 

Cadiz on tlie 20th of May, 14p7. VelpuiiuBi 
wliofr I'ttpcrior rank or tiddre('= feccied to bavi 
madL- Una coiilidered as ihe principal, fdl in wi ' 
the i;o;in of Paria, and ran along il as far as Tc 
Fivma and ihe Gulph of Mexico; and, after a: 
ablcTice of eighteen months, returned to Spain, 
He did not pretend to dilpute with Columbus X 
original dili:overy of the Weft Indies i but williei 
to have it believed, that he had firft found oo' 
the cortincLit. To effeftuate this, he is faid 
have fallified dates, for whieh lie has been ie- 
verely tenfnre.d ; and being an excellent geogri' 

Eher and drafifman, as \tell as a pbvtlible writer, 
e blended different accounts together ; and i: 
pofi a, on the grealell part of Europe, gained ai 
ronotir to which he !iad,no right ; that of givio; 
his name to the new world. But no doubt no' 
remains to whom this diftinftion ought to havi 
be«ii due j and though we mult allow that Amc' 
rica, as the name of a quarter of ihe globe, afTi 
mulales better with the reft than Columbia wm ' 
have done; had the firftdifcoverer of thecontineal 
been entitled to beftow an appellation on ll, 
have ieen that this belonged to iteither, but 
Cabot. 

Some months having elapfed, after the reta 
of Americus Vefputius from his firft voyage, he 
performed a fecond with fix Qiip^, under the ail* 
fpices qI Ferdinand and Ifabella. It feems, how- 
ever, that the i'emblnnce of juflice to Columbui 
was kq>t lip in the coinmillion which Americui 
and other following adventurers received j they 
tyre inlcriii&td from comiu^ to an anchor wJli- 
JiJ 6{ty itagnes of any p^aca'^^w^ei'Caw.a*:^'!;"* 



J 



s feconi ■■■-•-—' nr a* Ibmi; will hsrc It, 
Amerki i lotbcAmilb.iVlind*, 

1 thenoe >" m'. i.<<jLi3of Guumoind Ven- 
, niidicturneilfafe toCidlx in the nwnih 
:mha 1500; bringing back with him 
ecious fioiiw snd oihir valuablf conimo- 
ilaAOTed in thi.' coiirfe of bin pxpcJiiion. 
iccH were B9 ill i-cqmtcd liy ihe Spiniards 
of the man he wifhed to riv.i) md lup* 
ind the ingratitude he expeiieiioed made 
lliiig to abando;i ihc iulercll of Uial 

ucl. King of Portugal, bearing of ibc 

ion of Americiis, find icilous of the fuc- 
hcir Catholic Miijullit^s, held oui propo- 
his navigator, %vhich were ri::idily ac> 



I 

4 
n 



ed in the fervice of Portugal. Amcricus fet 
: Lilbon with three l))ips in M:iy iSOl. 
n down the coafl of Africa ;is far n» the 
Angol.1, nnd th«n ftanding over for the 
continent, fell in with the Brnfila, 
entirely difcovered and explored na far 
auia to the foiiih, and the river La Plata 
He (heu failed back to Sierra I..cona} 
ling along the co.ift of Guinea, returned 
n, alter a voyage of lixtcen months, 
irtuguefe Majefty, clsted with this fuc- 
grateful to its author, foon equipped fix 
which he gave Amcricus the commnnd, 
ciitc farther difcoveries. In thi* new 
ii wai bis intention to (land along the 
' mciica to the fouth, in order to dilcovcr 
itothe Molucd iflandsby ihcwtft. '^« 
! rbc cosil /lorn the Bay of fvW Sa\\A*.J^ 
he river Curab.ido ; bui bcmt i>jsu\&».^! 
-. ^ 



1 



109 BIOOKATRICAt WOTlCESj S-T. 

eil with prt)vifions ioT no more than 
inouths, :mcl being detained by contrary wii 
five iiiuiiihsoD ihe eoall hehaddifcoveicd,lie' 
obligi:d to return to Portugal. He liied atl 
cei-a in 15Ui and is. defcn-edly tanked 
the moli celebrated navigatois. 



DlSCOVl 



fERIES OF THE SPAXIARDS, 
DEATH OF COLOMBUS, 

TO TUB 

EXPEDITION OF 

'ANDO CORTEZ. 



Jd woHd, Ibe barbfirians defolnled the 
of di'illzation anri iVJence ; in the new, 
f kuowl'idge defobled the country of 
rbns, and slmoA eitenniasted them- 

TcitaJof thecoormitiPspri'iSiled by the 
on ihc natives of tbeWeftlndiM, hiima- 
palc, and the real Chriftian fbiicirfers to 
t pcrronsp^'etendinga belief in the mild 
f reUgion, tbould difgrace it by fmh fia- 
dtics. No fooner was Columbus di-sd 
faccecding goveroors, who were gen e- 
linated by tbc court of Spain, in con- 
llie rights of his pofterity, cndenvoured 
fc ihc ftme advantages bv the bliMi;! of 
litaiits. which that great and aminblc 
obtained by !ii? good fenfe and buma- 
i^fc itlnnda werp replete with mities of 
real fiLuatlons of which were known to 
IS alone. The acciirfed pat&civv o^ va- 
rA/cft even tJic iialura\ \i\fvirtt\v.c'^ '^ 
ec fui-aiih a, temptiiLiou o\ aw cm:a' 



108 si-AVifM oiEco\Tcnic6; 

loo fiirioiis to lick ihc gRntIc meatis of ^ 
fiofi, hurried nn Uic Spiiiiiariis lo att» of 
Shocking violence and barbarity, agaiuft 
wcfr (uljictled of coiKvaliiig ihclr trt-Huri 
(lauglitfr oiitc begun, no bounds were 
ragf. Hifpankil;!, wliieh eontainetl dir 
lions of irih;ibil:ints, w.is depopulated ii 
years j and Cuba, whii'li had fix bund 
f«nd, fooii Hiiued ihc fiimc fate, Bartho' 
de In Cafss. iin eve iviinefs of thofc worft; 
Gothie (lepopulitions, fava. lliat tbc S 
went out wiLh dogs to hunt niter men. 
Iiitjjpy fnvflges, nlmofl nuked ;tnd un;!rmi 
jmriiied like wild licalk into dens and 
woiiied by dogs, dt-ftioyed by fliot, or li 
and burnt in their habitations, 

But let us turn from this riifgrnceful vie 
the progrels of dil'covcn. At tlic time o 
deniilc of Columbus, Nicholas dt Obnndu 
governor of Hilpauiola. He had hguali. 
diligence liy furvcys of the coalls, and 
ttiaiiity, by dividing the iudians among 
nianlsj by whom they ii eic at belt eonii 
Uaves. Gold was ihc univcrfal- purfui 
thougli there was more than one hund 
&fty thoufaiid pounds fieriing aononlly pr 
from this illand, it was far from latisfyini: 
CQvctoufnefe of thofe who were empl 
ainailing it. 

Juan Ponce de Leon was comm.-mder o£, 

vincc under Obando ; and being informed 

Iiidijiw that gold \v»i plentiful in Porto Ht' 

tihlaioed a licence from the govei'nor to coio 

it. While llius emyloycA, Dwi Diegn Coltiir 

ftvnii? out ns hii fathers (urtrtXiit , vo mvVcn 

^mi'cif the government kA \V\'iv*vi«iVA -, iw 

_ V 

■S-" 3i 



iPAKisB pTicorstm. 



109 



bt with 



him 

1- . 



iTDm Spain a new govcnwc 

■ ililputin^ hU nuihonTy. 

ilicm Kiiti iti-ir, jtirt 10- 

Miij.ji I <-ii.'ii Willi tlut olri ■ ! - -!■- 

Ponce, by iutrigtiiag sviUi Ok if 

Bmilv of CDliunbtis, procured a i^jniiiiiuinin 

I Sp.'ii) for Tcuing Ccrron, wlioru he icjii pri- 

' to Spain. PooL-e now fct sbout cuuqueriuf 

lifl.mct ) and nntwiilifinnding ilic kiiniiiciH 

I which (he Indiiins ti<>d tri^trd biin, Ik nn\ 

Vied, am! iticn nearly exlemiinaicd liicm. 

ail, fupjwrlcd by llic re]] rr leu till ions of 

iibas> again [iiL'viilt'd -, unil wm fuii ti.ick 

^ffcti his former wujiloymcnt. P»iUi:c, tliu* 

to iht rsnk ofa privaic man, fillet! i>ut 

Jups fir m.iking new difcovcriOi and on 

fed of April 1^12, fell in with land unknown 

S[]ani;ir<is, in livliliidc 30 drg. 6 min. and 

ving it lo lie an iQ»nd, named it Florida^ 

i its heaMill'iil JippcarancB, 

oMt the fame time, Alonw de Ojcdn, who 

fcrvcd \inder Chriftoplier Columbiis. being 

"[1115 «f making new iciilrmciitf, obiaiord a 

of all the land whioh had tjMn difcovcrcd 

■ icnKinent i Imt D.t-,;n Kjniellii, i man of 

K WculUi intcipofing, came in fora moiety 

be gmnc. The cmixi of Spain ulloweJ the 

' all ilie country called AnJalufin, and the 

: of Golden Callilc. In thcfe j-tange- 

claims of th« voimgcr Coluinhns, to 

y b(' ■•- ■ ' -n si-^ht of his lather'* difr 

f, were ■ '.crlogked. 

|cb of Ui-:iL- a.,'. ■ iilUierB fittillf! OUt two \«ft 

brgsjj to 'jiiflirel abQOt ^tvt t^'ii^Svw 
it ha\-ing ailJ! ■ ' -r:\x ixt'^M.VtSi V\iK^ 
tiolg tun-^tdi _ ot 1,5VQ. Q^'' 



a 



no SFAifiait bincoTEKiBa. 

in B few days arrived at Carubagena. where I 
Jndisus preparcU In oppolc him j being «rilali 
by foiiit: iiijuiici* llicy liad received iVom fevet; 
Spmiilli advcniurcrg. Tliey were men of " 
Aalure. and both iVitci were cxtrpuiply, ex. 
with the bow. Ujeda, by uicans of Ionic p 
and intefpreiers, ciidtm cured lo pscily 1 
and lo preiail an ihcm lo ftibniil lu Uir Spaiii 
yoke, and lu adopt it» rcligidn. Uv ihrii J 
itnifittui to op«.a a tratlic witli ihcnt ; hat fin 
iii^ them irrcc one ilea ble, he ftU npoii iticiu. ki 
cd numbers, took tiicir town, and li'izcd ail 
gold he could find. He then m.iruhcd ft 
^■•leagues within bnd ) but having divided 
^^pinen into Iniall patties, liiey were every wh 
' tut oil* with flights of pcifoned arrows. Oji 

Innd aiiyiher were the only furviiors of roveui 
perfoiHuho had landed, 
Hanpilv tor iliia adviMiturer, his pnrtncr Nic 
I f fl.i uuir appeattd im the coafl ; and beiiifi J 

I formed of the ealaiiiiiy, gtneroully told his tiv. 

that they ought lo bury their annTiolilies in o 
liv'ion, and unite in revenging the death af 
cotintr)'men. Ihey aetordiiigly landed four 
dred luen, and, marching agaiii^ tlie Indian 
burnt one. ot" their towns, eapture-d a con fidern till 
number, and pulfdfcd theml'elvcs of abundAiii 
of gold. 

Havii>g obtained this viftory, they feparab 

to purfuc their rcfpeAive plan^. Ojeda liied i 

fetUeincnt on the eaftern promontory of the ifthj 

ntus of Darien ; and <:aUcd the town St. Scbali 

lian. Soon finding that the natives were 

perated At this infringement of their tcrri 

rights, he difpatched one ot V\» ca^vavt\s vi 

paoMa fur a, fuptly o£ men a,ai ■^tqnAsiws-, 




^M GPAICISR miCOVEniES. 11] 

He mninwitile drew inucnclitncnts nnin 
ES^n. However, being (tion lit want of tic 
liiric^, lie vas ol.iligcil [o Ruhe eKciirlions ini 
■'.' which lie loft inany of lii* inriij 
tiding thi; arriv.il of contiderihb 
^torcenu;.!* and I'uL'court, ihry wcip ioa 

Bp Tediii-'„-tt to the uimfill tlitlirti. Huiigfl 

fni thrtn out ; while the ladiaiu couliantly- 
ivc tlifiii bai'kwiih lofs. 
h'rom lliiH (liltrHring fituation, iLc destwitl 
I prefrncp nf inind of n pcrfon iinmci.! Nunc 
B.ilhna. Icfipd to r^lirvp thp.ni. This pcrio 
S of a good family and polTeUed great abiiitif 
had formerly failed along lh:it toaft, and Imd 
forwards otitaincd a refjfrrtable fettlfjnnit ii 
Tpaniola. But having committed fome ine 
arilles, hf was in danp;cr <pf being put Id 
ith. lo thi« dilemm.T, he contrived lo be pii^ 
taard the fliipfcnt tn Hifpnnipia for fiiccowis 
^HbrCBd calk; and havint; remainrd thrr 
P^Qays, at laft ventured to make his apprarJ 
•c. The captain, wliofe name was Kncifoj 

Rrtlcd at the fight. He had been ordcrctP 
give any protcftioo to offenders; and 
what had happened, was without his 
Owledge, he threatened to fet Nunez alhorc 
itie firft dcfcrt place he came to. The inter- 
Ron of the principal perlbns on board prevail- 
la bU favour, and Encifo was pnrilied. 
MuncK obferving that the company were iu de 
lir, wilhed to ingratiate and diilinguifli him-' 
f. He toid ihtra, that they had no realnn to 
Tpond ; that at ihc bottoni of thi- gulph iheral 
I \i.-ty V.irge town in a fvmiiu\ toW, aft6> i 
fie,- ibat the Iiidi»n3> ihou^Vv ■wwtXOtti' 




113 BT^mtsa DiscovsntBS. ' 

did not make ufc of poiloncH arrows; saA im 

conclude, be sdviled tliem !o fail thillier. j 

Thi» reWuiion l~eing adopted, thpy fntlod U 

tbit river Darien, and t'ouod tlie drfcription ol 

Nuiie-K Terified. The cacique and bis peopld 

hearing that the Spaniards were approach! tij;, fci 

cured their wives and children; and with fifj 

hundred men took their Hand on a TmaU rmij 

nence. Tlie Spaniards tell upon them with inJ 

peluofity i iniljntly put them to flighl ; and cnl 

tcring their town, found it full of provilionJ 

The plunder they met with was cotilidcrablcl 

and fi) great was the trepidation of the Indinnj 

that they retired a considerable way from tlKi 

ihore. ■ 

The fuccela of this enterprlfe gained the pnJ 

jeiSor much reputation. It was unarimouflJ 

agreed to fettle a colf-nv here, and to call it Sfl 

Mary the ancient ol Darien. 1 

Nunez now plotted to be revenged on Eodia 

for hi§ threat, and this officer foi-warded UiJ 

fgheme againfi. himfelf, by ordering that none ol 

the L-ompany iliould trade with the Indians ftiq 

Igold, on pain of death. This gave rife to x fugJ 

ertion, that Encifo ^^ilhrd to monopolize ittil 

^Tihiable metal to liimfeJf;. and fo arttully diJ 

Juiiea work on ihc palfiona and prejudices of iImI 

wtfty. that it was refoUcd to throw off all aim 

ci^ianec to Ern-ifo, To give a colovir to Uteifl 

nndnd, they pretended that his authority wal 

Vxpired i as they « i-re now oil! of tlie limili « 

Ojeda's government, fromwiiom he had ri-ccivM| 

hh .ip;;nititmenl. They now chofe n- 'it 

like iJioJe in Spain, at t\\c ttad, of ■■ 

A'ajiez ; but loon difliluu^ ^iiw Iokr viV ^jncv-jj 



SrANMSB DIECOVEBIKS. II 

(ami. new djrpiitc9 arofe wliirh wtra. howi^-er. 

arrival nf CDlmrrinrr-i willi iwo 

'. pcuvifiiini iind iiiilii.iry Itorcs, 

- Iiinl ;nit into n port about fixtjr 

"uiu iliis iiliiVr, whtrc Icniiing 
lo water, ihcj wcic fiiddmly 

; l.y lUe Iniibns, who woundcil Kinv^five 

^paniiir.ia \i-itli poilbnrd nrnwa, arnl (Ijit- 

hiiat. All the Miraiidcd died, fjve <mc» 

iNCft cKpectiiig lo liavt t'ound rithcr Oje* 

MS or Niciicifa's parly on tliti cnrt (iJf of llie 

liny, was riiiprilcd, and began to lie iiptirtlienfivo 

they wcTT! all dc;id. He, however, ordered ibmc 

piects of camion lo be lired, and firca lu be- light- 

nl on tlie tops of die rocks, sn a lignal tlut tlior 

liiends were on ihcco;i!t. Thcl'c U-.ing oblcnftl 

and rfpc;i(cd bvthefettlcinnita[S:mtaM.\ri.i,Col- 

mniart's ftrciTd for the place [ and mskiiig a li- 

lirrnldHlrihutiiinfif pro\ifioiiB amoDg them with- 

uut diftiiiftiot), prevniled on them lu fubmit (O 

the governmcnl of Niciidfa. 

Th»t gi-iiUmian, after parting with Alnn^o do 
Ojeda, ni'-[ with a vtwlent teniptft, when Lopes 
dc OJana, hi^ lii'iiteiiaiitj priTciving ilic (Idps le- 
jiarflted. conceived the dtfiirn of drfrrling hi* 
pnlroii ; but failing in hiaprnjeft of making tiiin- 
ii-if independcni. Up liiikil lo Vi'ragna, the place 
of rcndrivoiis, wiiert he eiideaiuurod to pcrliiadc 
the po'pic to rftiini to Uifpaniob, alleging, ibat 
Niniflfa imift have pcriflied. Meanwhile n llinl- 
lop bto'ighi inldligeni-p thai he was ftraiidcd on 
the coaft ! iind was now in a niili-rahle (itn.itioii. 
TTie b?-.-irt of Olana rrleiiled al >\ii--'wL\»i\\'j.'P>\w- 
W- iirunr-diiiiely lent hafk tlir ftjwWo'j VxvVvvv'r 
-J,^-.ta aaii fc&eflimcnia, wluvU iaNiii ^Vi.w.*S 
L 3 



114 gPAwr«F niscovEnres. . 

and his men from prrilhiiig. Ncvcrtbclefs he , 
cbpi'i'd his lieiilenKiit in iron? frr his perfidioul 
iuttiitiuns. and tlirtiitcned to fend him to Sp^in. ' 

Ninu'lli (low rflLiolillied a cnlony oil the biinks 
of the rii'er Bfthieni, where Cohiinbos had lor-^ 
merly made an almrtive altf-mptj hut provifio 
foon tailing, be failed from thence wiih a part i 
his turn lor Porto Bdio, Here ihe Indians op 
pofed his landing; on which lie proceeded 
rCombre dc DioB, where he began lo ereft a for 
tri-ffi. 

The fame f.ilality attended him here. HewaJ 
foon obliged to fend to Ciilunibns. re,(]i!efting ai 
iilanep ; but foari'e was the vclfcl departwl wlieil 
Colmcnares arriicd to his relirf. This i:a(>lain 
was fo affcScd at feeing the tliilrelled and mifrtJ 
able rt|ipMr3iice of Niciieii'n and his people, ihM 
he cmiM not rofVain from fliedding tears. M 
ftroveall in his power to comfort and affift ifaonj 
and [old Nieiicifa the favoiii'sble profpeSs ibaB 
awaited him at Santa Marin, 

This fcned to revive his f,unting fpirEts; 
forgetting his wretched condition, and the (frati- 
tude be owed thnt party for their voluntaiy i 
ceptante of bim as governor, was fo dated anj 
i[npr;^deni as to derlarc. that he ftioiild poiTd^ 
himfrlf of their gold, and punifh tliera nlior 
presuming lo Ictlfc, within his territory. An in^ 
faliLition feemed to attend him. He ftruck ovid 
of his wav to view fome iHands; and one of hil 
fliip* o^ettiiig the ftai't of him, gave liie faiai In- 
formation lo the colony! and it was dcleimincil 
J«' }hpij]d not be fufiered to land. 
Atieir an imprademaniii\niwe^:\'!l ^.e'.av. ho 
t:'cl,ore--l at Srtnt^. Maita-, "«V ■ '\'"'; 

'■ Jl'ound their delermvna0.ou uj . . ■^■ 



.^91 





tPimsn DiscriviRiM, 119 

^ rhangoj hii tonr and funplirntw' thtrv wnuid 
■ him. He evfo vcntiirrn alhnrc fnr iIi.ti piir- 
■vtfe. tiu( \k-as obligcJ to Irrk laft-tv by Hig!it. 
' Jttciiijil wj]( to (bfieu them, bv bcftpt'h- 
. woiilri a''cqir him a« a companini], if 
ihty ililrlaimcd his aolhority ; and on that fail 
Ing, he Rvcn imjiinrpd ihry won)(i rti-lairi liini a* a 
prilfmer. as he would tiillicr die ihnti rrlurn <o 
N'ombre dc Dio». Nolivithftantting this humili- 
irioD, thev cvudly forced !iiin -irid fcvcijlctn -nf 
U^^cn into fin old lutica Wrk, and liify were 
Hm of no more. 

Ij^vhile we hliime thlfl ronn's impntdi-nc*, w« 
taueot hflp pitying his falc. He hiid Jhrwn 
Or.ni- opnerofii)' la a rival, and it is not likely he 
I !v<^ niade an imprnper ufc of his pawtr 
icndi. Nunez tie Balboa now took the 
, and ditlinguifhed himfrlf fur his gooii coii- 
Hc made Ibmr imporlnnt diicnvtrics i and 
I the lirfl European who had n view of ilie 
k( South Sea, which paved the wey lo the 
lucli of Peru. 

fc will now briefly detail (he rvcnts thai led 

! coni^ueft of Mexico. Though all ihc com- 

(oni beftowrd on the above advnlurers were 

BOny inftingcments of ibe original pntrnt 

atrt! to Columbus, hi-i fen vjm even hl.iniird for 

^t furcouiiog ihr.m as much a= lay in his power. 

DnAant ienloufy attended his (iepsi and of 

he- wa^ fo fenfibfe, th.it he exerted hiinfcif 1ft 

itrnoli, to feciwe to himfelf thofe confilricii 

hidi he had legal pretcnfitms, in virtue of his 

Er's conlraft. 

ein^ iaformcd that the conrl oi ^i^WTv'R*^**- 
' of planting a rolonv in Cw\i», ViV-^.*^"^":^ 



Jiw^itafiuo ; aQ4 lot &i^ ^■>a' 



^ 



IS SrAHISH DMCOVEBIEi. 

made choice of Jamea Velafqucz, the ireaftlijcftj 
and mod rfrfpeftcii of all ihe mhabilants in Hif-J 

atiicla, to coiiduft the ftiwrprize. But hrfbrtj 
■ proceed, it mar ciiterlain our readers in give] 

cm an anecdote of one of the carique's of Cuba. I 
hearing of (he intended colony. Tbis manj 

Jrmbled the moft warlike of his people vAth itiicl 

iJemnitvi sod reminding them of the fiiffeniigs] 
h.id endured under the tynnni' of the Spa-! 

laids, told ihem that the whites committed iill| 

btfr mifrages for the fake of a great lord, 
vhoni ihey were ver>' fond, and whom he would' 
lliew Ur-m, Then taking fome gold out of a little I 
biiiket. he added, " This is the lord whom theyj 
" adorcf him they follow, and are now coming] 
" hither in fearch of him. Let lis therefore niiikc i 
" 11 feftival and dance^tn him, thai when theyconicj 
" he may enjoin ihem not lo hurt ik," They ac- 
wirdingiy hpgan to dance and Hog. At bfH 
Hatuey, for that was the cacique'* nrtme, adinim- 
ithed the alTr.mWvi tliat though they flioiild can-'i 
CfdJ this lord of the Chrilti?ns in thc-ir very bow-J 
ds, the Spaniards would find him out; and that] 
the heft way was to caft him into the midft of lb 
river, which "-as immediateJy performed. 

No fooner were tlie Spaniards in Hifpaniola ii 
fotmed, that Valafquez was going to coloaSio ' 
Cuba, than many of Uiem refolved to accompany 
him. About three, hundred men having allcm- 
bled, lliey embarked on board four (hips j sind in 
November l.iU, landed at a port caliid Palina, 
io the. territories of liie facetious Haiiirj*. This 

ciijue flood upon the defenlive, inking advnn- 
ofthc woods, where ihe^'j5w?ftVMC'; eoutd 
penetrati',. In tbis mr.t\t\K tV -*«t^m': -k»" 
rJcd ofl for two nwmiiui. 'i^'e \o'^'^'«-*> ' 



WkHISa DI9C0V6BIBS. 

Iwnifelvcs in the inoft rctirnl fhrRflu) 
fheicvKT they appeared, thev were himied li! 
■ilH bcafts. Hatuey at lail witbHrftw to 

;iift iri3tvllib!<? places ; bill having had tlic 
inime to be taken, lie wan oiclered hv ibe worfe 
!ian (avagc Velafqucz to be burnt alive. Af^ 
lis iahtiman example of fcvcrity, the Indi 
icJdsd liififir tale. 

The Rovcrmir now divided the native Indi; 

moiig ilip iMllers, as Oti.indo had dctic- before at 
iirpaniola i and ibunded a to*r an the aotth 
ide of the ifland at a placi? c:iUtd Barraru;!, 

A party from Jamaica loon joined ttie fettlers 
1 Cuba. Among the tcrt came a peiitlcmfln 
Moed Pampliilio de Nnrvaez with thirty archrrs 
ndcr bis rnmtiwnd, wlm w;is wrll received by 
''elafquf*. and fcnt into ilieprovincr of liayanio, 

fine ch.impaign cpimtn', al fifty league? dif- 
ancc. Whilt: on the road, be and his pally weie 
ttacked in llje night by a confiderable body of 
he natives; but P.imphllio mounling his liorfe, 
hey were fo terrified al the fighl of that noble 
nijuat, which ihey had never fecn before, that 
bey fled into a diflant part ol' the country ; and 
^eiafqtiei fending a delac-hmcct lo join Narvfl' 
le foon made himlclf malter of the wliolc p, 
■incc. 

When Cviba was firft planted, it was fo ov 
un with woods, that a perfon might travel n 
even imndtpd miles under the Ibade of various 
:vnds of trers, p^rticubrly red cedars, of wliiih 
he notices made canoes, cap.ible of coutaiuitig 
ifty or fisly men. 

For fonie time, after the Span\M45<eM.\R4Vvw(«., 
bev found pure gold in the ii\(Vn »S)Wiii?i.\\'\'^ 
iL diis Iboii bu^au to fail. TH^i vftiuiVo-iiiH' 



lod 

I 



IB srA>iisi] nin^oVBlilE*. 

it ftill nne of the moft importanr bclnn^inf !•' 

thr crown of Spain. Its principal towns arc now- 
St. Jngo and the Havunnah. 

Vebltjuez having rlbhlillied liis powrr in Cn- 
ba, was ambiitQus of proving hlml'elf independ- 
ent of C'ltumbus, under whom he h.id Lilherta 
aAed. This gc iitleman being recalled into Spain, 
endeavoured to oppofe hi« \iews ; hut with fo 
little fuccel'n, as it wa^ the policy of the court ta 
thwart his meafiires, timt Vi;lafquez could not be 
lUfplaced without ihc confe.nt ot the crown, 
though it was held, that he was ftill accountable 
lo Columbus for the exercil'e of his power. 
Velafquez having now liltic to frai, turned hU 
'tention to difcoveries. Many of the opulent 
Spauilh fettlers entered into his delignj, and 
aiTjong the. reft Francis HeJnardez de Cordova, 
who olFcrcd his len*iccs as captain. His proj>ofal 
being accepted, two lliips and a brigiinlinc, with 
one hundred and ten foldiers failed from the Ha- 
vaonah, on (hc.8lh of February ISI7. Afiert 
voyage of twenty days, they faw land [ and corn- 
ing near the fliore, they obferved a large town, 
and two canoes full of men approaching to mtrl. 
" them. The Spaniards, hailing ihe Indian.', nbnut 
thirty of them went oa board the commodore. 
Thefe people wore a light cotton drefs. They 
were hofpiiablv cntenainfd, and received fmatl 
prefcnts, which fo pleafed them, that they inti- 
mated they wotilU return next day with more ca« 
noes to carry the Spaniards on atliore. 

According to their promife they returned wilh 

Iwi.lve canoes, on board of which whs thif ca- 

clqae, who cried out in \iU T\ative tongue, 

" Cnine to my houfe," ot Ctmc.i. C.ti\rit\«., vti 

'hi<:h t/ie place was caUei C'i^c CavoOiw, 



g ■ I 



InumbcT of naliva attended liie bndtng 
ppanjardsi ntxl wonder and adnurxUun 
ic^ncicd in every fiicc. Cordon, villi 4 
teeioa; the coonirr, wm rcfolicd to »c- 
>iii but he iai vni 
IndiADi. on a figiinl 
ILc L^jct, lUiiLil tV'jii) all ambufi^iide. 
tx^gan to attack lEie Spaiiiiirds with fliow- 
jiofief .and arrow*. Thrtc jx-pj 
Bo cotton jacket;, wril quillnl r 
I iWurdt edged n'itli flint, I'pcan. U'Ws aiwI 
llings. aud targets ; thtir hcjds wrnr 
I Willi plumts; and their lacfiiwprcp;iinl- 
liciua eoloiiia. After ibc lirft ilifLh-irge, 
idlj ruthed on the S)jaiiiard«j but ihc 
to wliich liiey had been urisccurtonicd. 
few them in dilbrder ; and ihry fled with 
of fcvcral men. lo thi» ikirmifti lwf» 
(were taken, who afttrv.-ard» bore the 

. namci of Julian and Mtlfiiior. 
tithll;iii(ling tills iicae)ierfTU!i rtcepiioit. 
liarda were highly delighted to have dif- 
fa people wliQ liiewed fomc (iRn* of civil- 
jand who had made fiidi progrri* in the 
s, that they could build iiDviresot'liuicand 
, Tlicy iiow proceeded aluiii! the tu^ll for 
Jays, when ihcycnttrcd a biiy-dilcl ("nni- , 

water. Having hlled ibHr laiks, ihcy 
out to retarn to the (hip* ; when a party 
Indians meeling them, alkcd if tlicy came ' 
riling of the fun, aud tlit-ii conduced 
I fonic temples ereftcd of fiooc, containing 
I ihapekf* idoU, fprinkled with fcceiil 
^From one of tlielc temp\t;% lic^-cMAtivwiK 
Phjfc inantJes, with the vi \ot\^\i\v>(-'' _ ' 
p, wfto /jcld iitlle i;artUeufc"it-v'*'*'*''5 



\ 



120 FPiursB mfic6VB»rEa. 

tlius perfumed the Spaniard;. t\\cf ordered thcnl 
to depart the country do pain of deiith. 

Proceeding along the cmill for lis days moi 
they again Ifinded. to water, in ihc vicinity ofi 
town called i'otanchaii, whence they oliltitv*!! 
bijdy of armed men advancing towards ificmj 
lint 38 niqht was approaching, they ft-empd 
retire to the town. On this ihe Spaiiinrds it 
pnidcnijy remained on the Ihore during \.hs niglit j 
but in (he CDnming, found themlislven entire! 
fnrrotinclctl by a numerous army. Alarmed 
this litiiaiion, they were eonvinctd that nulhii 
but delperaiion coiild fave ihem; and they 
folvcd to exert all their powers- As loon as it' 
was light, the Indians began the charge will 
fliowers of arrcn.vs, darts, and ftoneK, hy whid 
about eighty Spaniards were wounded, amoi 
whom was Cordova, Finding it irapolCble 
prevail ngstnti fucli an imir.enlV holt, and lieni'j 
med in on all tides, the Spaniards cut tlieir wi 
through iti the boats, while the Indians purfuf 
them into the water with hideous yells. In thijl 
difufteroua eiicounier forty-fevea Spaniards wc 
killed 1 and all, fave one, wet* wimnded. It was 
iminediatelj' rclblved to burn one of the iliip» 
for Ivaul of hands, and to return lo Cuba. 

In confei^ucnee of the late unfortunate flfiraj'. 
they had been obliged to leave their catkit on 
fliure; and the want of wiiter began i-- 
moft feverelyfelt. Some of liie Ibuo,. 
men being landed, to iill tlieir jars, could liu.i 
none hut what was braekilh ■, this obliucrl ihn 'i 
tr> liter for Florida. Here hsvlng lani' 
crevk and dug pits. tViey fn\m4 ^'.'.tf-. \' 
vater i but wiiile ihty wete tt\!!,u^«i \\\ * ; 
Jhiea for the wounded andViVwiwi'iw'i --__ 
■2. 



1 



SPANISH DISC0VEBIB9. 121 

pf the iiPcp.Ilarj' flaid, as they had conTeoiendes 
for tairying. an alarm was given, that the Indi- 
»n9 were iipuii them. This was too true : nuin- 
hen of caiiuea were proceediiifi down (hccreefc, 
fiUcd uitli armed men, dulbed id deer ikJDs. 
Thcle let fly ihtir arrows, and wounded fix tit' the 
Spgninrd%; but perceiving the dreadful eftefis of 
mutkct^ and rrof* brows, they fled to their ca- 
poes i and lh<; Spaniards rctunicd unmolefied to 
t jlu|). After tulierinc; all that humDii nature 
ndure from drought, and encountering many 
Til*, (hey at lall re.iehed the Havannah, from 
wlieure Cordova, having traiifniittcd au account 
of bis miforluiiatf expediiion to Governor Vela f- 
_gue/, died uf his wounds in a few days after. 
■Hl'lie iiilellif;euce which Velalquez received 
^^t (o gratifying, thni it iulpired him with the 
' rrtblutiim of |nirfuing (iifco\ tries, among a peo- 
ple comparatively civilized i and therefore com- 
paralivt'ly ricimr itian any yet known on this 
tonlincnt. His reloliitioii was encouraged by 
inaiiy ol tile piincipLil perfons under his govern- 
ment i and tiiree lliips and a brigiuitinc were 
Tj>ecdily equipped. 

John GiijalvH was appointed commodore of 
thin f()uaiiroii, with orders to prolccutc dilcove- 
ties, but lo make no fetllcnienis. He failed from 
Cuba on the 8ih of May i5im, viiited llie coaft 
of Florida, dil'oovered ihe illand of Cozumel, and 
failed along the continent lo the town of Polan- 
chan. Here the natives feeling elated by their 
' fuccefs acaiofl Cordova, took up arms ; but being 
fpecdily routed, ihe Spaniards took polfelfion of 
llieir town, where they fuutid Qt\\^ v'tats. ■^cAwi*. 
nmaiaing, n/,o were \ibeta\W\iea,\.tA, ^v.6kSv% 
mijVal t<j joiu Ihcir count-rynica. 

Ufai.. 1. ]si 



■ccU>h<^^''"';'diau convert.. j'^}^'^\^^v<a 

t" -'"r l"at s; io -K s ffi'' ^^':; 

peace "t '^■a ■ , a.'.ugf^^ 'V 1 ocrtci 



fnec jimfmHe ta w>r| and tberefore t«nt b< 
- ■ - ■ ! > ■' . ' pouJity; 

Thcic 

r- ii ^tiili fiicnc 

I in- 

C '.<iD 

4il iJ-t;: -liia lo iiul 1^^ -iilij oil li;i; niciiu'A. ■ 
At 'hr tlm> nWniriCi'. ihf C'i'Hl'' ^jyifflrH 
■n ' 
I 

:'.lip. ItiC O il)>ilK»U>[<? WAD a gi'Dlcrl 

■I. still liatl on a Itinfr roaf nf rrimtoa 
:" (he fume, and oi^ rtia- 

Hr irr-riicd tlic i i . tr- 

I. R ccnlricnie liy 
After fomc time 
;<- toff; and (irdi-ring n trunk to lie 
. irrfik trinri it pbli-t oi gnU, and hosrd* 
rl »'illi gold tiir araionr ; and (rrliig ill 
" I'lcrrsoii Grijalva, atkrt (Hied liim wil 
J'liit nf goUl'Ti armour, ji relenting liii 
- ,!ir time with various ornaiuenii iti 
.nand gnld. 
- ..r cntmnoddre then pul a vpiy fine (birl oo' 
itip cniiquc, and fais owti coat nftrimion vbIvM 
'"•■ I-1-— -"Te furnidied him with a new pair o 
■■ firings of bpacis, and oTlirr irinkrlg 
tile in the rves nf Indi.irn. Ihe at 
: the caciijuc alio caiuc in for a iliar 

p: u:ru- !iri*frli(3, 

Thr ri<!inew of the armour with wbicit Gri 

• tied, amonnling in no lefi 

pieces oi €\^\, *A\\wiv»v 

■ jijULf ol luc apaniatds', *tii TO»Aa ^' 



fettle in a couutiy (a ^Toia&lvr: 



^ 



tager to 

The commodore, rnwUliiig to offcad the Ol- 
ives by a prolraftcd iby, )trocecdcd faribcr i and 
c to a town named Agualuneo, where the in- 

.bitants appeared at j dilUiice carrviog tarpcW 

tortoifelliell, wliich gliiteriug iu the fuo, gave 

ic Spaniards the idta thry were gold. 

Sailing from tlieiice, they law Icvcral I'paciousi 
rivers, and in one ol' lliem the ludiatis waving 
pieces ot white clolh a/fixcd to poles, as if invit- 
itig them lo Innd. On this a captain and fooie 
niulketeers were lent alhore, with orders to givo 
notice, if the natives put themiidves in a warlike 
pofture. 

It may be proper to obferve, that the Spani- 
ards were now w iUiin the confines of tiie potent 
empire of Mexico ; the throne of which was then 
filled by Monlezuma. This prince hearing of the 
exploitsoftheSpaniards, aDdlhedelirelheylhew 
ed to explore countries over M-hith ihty liad no 
right, btgan lo be apprehenfive and vigilant. He 
therefore gave dirci\ioas lo his governors to en- 
tertain thelV ftrangers M'ith cidliry, lo pcDciralC 
ax far as pollilde into their views, and to Iranlhiit 
him an acl^ount of all their motions. 

In conforinity to ihefe inllrudion*, no ftioarr 
were the Spaniards l.inded than the Mexicans,, 
oU'ereH them fowls, bread, andfruil> and ncr- 
ftimed them with gum copal in a fire-pan. Mon- 
tfjo, the captain of the Sp:inilli party leill intelli- 
gence to the commiidore, in what manner he wjw 
received -, on which he brought up ibe Ihips. aikl 
Sanded h'm men. Grija^va WJ.st.\eated wilb grcat.j 
rvipeA: a traffic wUh \,\ie laiiaaa TOOiaawa* 



i 



i 



SPAMim BlSCOtfEIM- 135 

I fix dan. ibc Stiiuiiards prDnircd, br hrnrr, 
'\\ as was vxlucd at fifuen lliootand 

_'.t. 

^adr fnrae]irefent»(>f 

Kill* of S^'iiin. 
cm iVri-ral illnnd*, 

■ ;^- 
■k 

M'llU ilSli I'l.ll S' "* 

15 wliidi ibuikeJ etvu tbe 

'i inani] fn-crsl dars. 

Alveradn, one of his 

rv. I'>^ lib neivi ot hUditroverirt, 

I the ■ he bad obuliicd from ilic 

!«. Wlalqiici. nntwithftaDJiiig hi<. (iiccrj*. 

I'td Bn unfavourable impretlion of the cmn- 

-, ihioiigh ihc arlificrs of Alvfrado, oho 

1 10 i>Unt a colony among the new difcove- 

thr meanwhile, Grfjalra coafling alone, 
; to thr^ monrh of ibe river Tarals, to whica 

.-,- apjirliaiioa of St. AmJiony. Ilrre 

his fliip; and began a iraffic iriih 
ir.niin- for gnlii. Some ci\' Ihcm broiigbt 
bright copi>rr axes, n-hieh the Sfianiard* 
Mfcing for g"id, purchafed (is hundred of 
.tbcm I an>l ifte nalivcs wpre Co wrll jilrsfrd with 
■!iev ohLiined, that tUej would hate 
;iFd with their whole fiofk, Thu> 
riCi" 1. 11 f.ncc was eanght in i ■ ■ " Mrc, 

!; anJ in forly-five da^i ai'.V- " 
la/" jUeJiixicas, with goVd \a a c^.' 

M 3 ^^'^l 



j 



CiaS S^AKtSB nisroVEBIES. 

amount, exclnfivp of wliat he had forwarded ' 
fclverado. In ihis port he received a letter fiorn j 
yeiafijviez, ordering him lo cipedite his return to I 
St. Jjgo, where another expedition was fitting! 
out. Wheu he arrived here, he met with a re-| 
ception vm inadequate In his deferls and hisl 
faithful fervires : he found himfelf fuperfeded, ' 
and Hernando Cnrte? appointed to the command 
of tht new unde: taking. 



BRIKF 



BRIEF ACCOUNT 



OF THE 



:ONaUEST OF MEXICO, 



BT 



HERNANDO CORTEX, 

UPgAVfMG traced \hp (iil'coveties of the Spa- 
XJ. niard;, from the iflaudsto the coutinent of 
America, it itoes not f^U within the province wc 
tjve alliimed, to parliciilarize every fettleme.nt 
Of minute dilroveiy, nor to mark tlie progrelTive 
(ti-ps by which the principal nations of Europe 
ipportinned, among themfclves, countries over 
which ihey had no right, and which they in ge- 
pliindTcd and dr'populated with unfeeling 
I'ice and barbarity. 

["here w^s fomethinp;, however, fo fliipendous 
Ihc conqudh nf Mexico and Peru, (hat mao- 
miift ever feel an intercft in the recital. 
: hifiory of thole events is as honourable to 
apran courage and rapacity, as it is difgrace- 
[to tlie principles and rondiift of the chief ae- 
on lite ftage. In vain (hall the nations of 
frnpe p'uinelheinfelvescnfnperiorrefinemenl j 
; vain lliall thev hnafl of a ^we Tt-Uojow ■mA. "a. 
m.Tcii/i'i^eni of morals, wVAc tVe.-) ^wN-rocwc" 
p:iii&inn in enllaving the igucivaiW ^-av^^^i \ 
~ mpoliziag his wealth, ot Vu otx«^"{^'^^, 



mMofi. 



covavar or mbxico. 129 

Pntu on the ISth of Kmemhtx iSlS, wild Icn 
Rnall TFlVcU.. not ncreding aae haoAteA taan bar- 
d™. His *hoIr cufuplimrm olniMi wa» about 
tundfrdi he had Wfiiiu dghicdi hoiCn, aod 
mil number nl* firld-^ieres. 
(Ttrg over Mx proictiw tranfnftions and ad- 
l(iJ«a,wc)T.idhitii on ihecoaftrj Mrsico.witli 
■fc fcarcely adcqtuic tor the reduetUm iif a 
Jiuglp town, or ihp mainUnancc ot' 11 (inRlc pod, 
iiopolts to I'ubdjie aii empire of cniiliiler.iblc 
cr atid great fxiciil. An rnipirc. rii^h in rc- 
ce», and Inhabited by milli'iris ol' Indian*, 
lionstdy attached tn i*iir. and govcrnrd by ■ 
rliVp chief, Monfezntna, the, terror ol' whofe 
\f hail been fi;ll by the ncigtibmiring nations; 
T( hole aliiliiics ill ihe Icience of goveriimcni 
bv ito mentis coiiiemptiblc. 
H.id this ejipediiicn hagiiered in very remote 
Si;i^i>, to rtimaiuic srr the circuin/iaiices attending 
il. ti;.it iiivoiild haverntikeit, in point of auth'-nli- 
eity wifhlhe Argoiiauiic.orlhelaboursot Herciile.*. 
^flfrwallmo^l nrhievedbylclsimprobablemeans. 
'I lie raipire ot Mexico had lubfifiedfor many rrn- 
tiitiea: itsinhabiianls were far advfiiiced in rrfiiie- 
"'■"' nod icmole from b^rbarilm; ihfy were 
■'HI, and in fome degree learned. Like 
ient Egvptians, whofe wilTdom in in murh 
■ I in this piirtic'ular, they know the annual 
:. .i.nuoo of the lull, with a precifioii which 
cwild I'carceiy hitve bren expcfled I'rom a peopli; 

' iiflinted with letters. They fiscd ibe period 

■ear at ibrec hundred and (ixly-fivertays 
'■'-.uiv. Their fufieriority in military attairs. was 
tbc (ibjefl of arfmiration 3t\d t-CVTiK ri\ct \\ii; \e- 
folr parii nf the cnntineiil ■, anA \W\t cQw'Kwa 
^^. founded on the Tuiebati oi T&Vavotv " 



1 



130 eoxftvsET or utxiroj 

law, feemed an pcnnauent asliiuf^ 
cities ditplaycd iniigmiiceucc la aicliiif 
opiiluncc ill tlifir <Icci>ratiun». But »tl 
iiiiU;i^« cotntii ned (.'iiiilcl not lecun; Mi 
tile unequal ptviwcls nt' Spain. h 

CdtIc;^, in his tnarch.nict mth bi^| 
{[HrilklJioppoliiioiUVuiTiilitnaiionsaBl 
of this empire. Tiicywere IcrrilieJ at It 
punrancpot',ipco|ilc\viioi]uhcyfiippolVd 
(•rift, aiid of invincible llrengLh. Tl 
aniin.ils, on wliii:lt the Spniiilh citB 
mQunttd. h.iil before ihis tinip liiii-umii 
diana wiib a llphi ; ihtr arlififial. ihiini 
frrjiii iheir haiid-i. wliloh was al'iribrd t 
natural oiigini the wooden caftles, wiii 
tbcm ovw the ocean, fvntn bndi loo 
be cODCf.ivcd hv thft itdubitanis of 
world, tlruck thL-ni wiili fiich a panii 
that when Ihcy l>eg:iu to rccoxcr tln'i 
WdB loo late to prevt ill ihc coiiftqncnci 

Wherever the SpaniarH* advanced, \'. 
iiciiher fe-K nor a^c, neither things 
prof";!tie. At lafl tlic ppople of Flal 
I'onie other maritime (tale-s. dcl'pairiijj 
able to oppnle Llicm by force, or dcpre 
cuuning, ciilcrcd into an alliance witl 
vaders-, and join their armies to lh< 
vincible coniiiiprtits, as thpj- were 
When divifions once take place in f 
ruin is lure to enlue. Thcvwha I'lippi 
vaders, or encoumge the foe, niul llie 
pofe, are fooii involved in one co 
and difgrace. 

Corte^/,, being rtuis teinfciTceAbYi 
' rieSf roarc/ied on towajils ^c:Ti^\t<i-. ■ 
progrcCs, dtlcovccs a voicano yS *^«^?^ 



twtre. 


from 

1 


vticiMrhcTxiild I'upply lilmfclf 


131 

«ilh 

la. 
lib 
of 
irtv 
i>iS 

J Oie 

■try, 

■: b» 

b> 

'i-r- 






'T 1 <\ 

iilfy tlie 










tiUe liKiitUtd 




i..i;i.g 








J I !■ S- ' 




^l.l 



ttacc bf*wern ihc inhabilaiiii; (■! ilir m ti nurlclb; 
tT fiich i*»s llir i;llirrt i<{ Ir.ir jifidiircd bv llie 

■ if tbc Sjiaiiiih viCtoriM, wl)li;h flctv like 
\ng hflori; tlitm. 

■ r Ionic lerblc eifntts to avttt llic Impfnd- 
oii, Mnriciuma fcnl a ricli |irefi-nt ul' gold 

luCoriez, whicii iirily rcT*rtl u> «bct liin avaiicci 
■'^n\ ni,-ke liitu more nnxious to p-iU'd'sbis undi- 

. empcrnr l>ccanif daily more dqirciTt-d iitiil 

I. He rnonctl to ilie tcinplesi he incrcaf- 

number of human tacrifn-cs i and at Irngth 

iiliiig his mngicbna, nrilrrcil ibrm, oil pi'n 

i.i uciiih. In Ihipity or nvcrcoiiif the Spsnianls by 

their iacautaiiona. A con li doable mmibcr of 

''' ntniimaiicriB fcl uut; hui having pcrlbrtn- 

ir >iiC8nlalion» wiibijiitvftrftt, tliRy return- 

I a siiii (ol.l Moiitcnima, tliat his miti was de- 

fji-ed, aiid die diflbltitiou of bii «iii|)itc St 

'Ibe fupfTrtifioiiB printf. wa» 'po,V[\%.«A "wv* 
/inrr. At Imi. rccoTcr.ttjrWi'L 'I'ljwc'n.^ae' 
' JC our godt. fuiiaVc v\s., \ev 




oiivablf t» f 
addfi] he, J 

II for loafl 

im of I lie" 



132 coKBUEST op UEXICO. 

" Angers Come. It would be dillionomablf t» 
" tiini our backs on misl'ortuncs ! but," added lie, 
" 1 Titnent tlie old men, women, and thildrcoi 
■■ who cannot defend lliemlelves.' 

Fram this moment, he gavn up all for ItiH-i 
and Ijcgan lo prcjiarc for the rcceplion uf tfiB 
Spaniards. Cortei, purluing his march, was v'l- 
fued by one oi" Munte^unia's nephews. He was a 
young man of an agreeable -ilped. and wai carried 
(in llic (IjonJders ofhis lervanrs.inaehairadomcJ 
with curiiHitly iliverlifieJ plum.igc. He no ibonCT 
alighted, (ban his altendants brgan to tn'ccj> the 
ground, and tern] j i.irt'le ti>r liira. Corw-i;, iu\- 
vancing to the door of his aparlment, ri-ccivei 
iiim with a low bow, whuh the prince rcturntJ. 
bj' touching the earth and then his lips with Im 
right hand, Thii iidutation paifedj he fat down, 
and welcomed Cortes and his captains with an 
eal'y air. He dctcanted on the amicable du'poli- 
tion of Montezuma; and enumerated tlicdiin- 
cuUics tbat lav in hi* \vi\y to a vilit of Mc\ira, 
from the lierilily of laft fealou ; fo tbat ftrangcn 
could not cKpeiJ )o be liberally provided for. 
when the natives themfdvcs were in wunt. After 
Ihii, be received a [irefent of fome fitliiioiis 
jewels, with which he ft-i-med highly delighted i 
and nnmcdiatdy fci om lo repiiri his emludy. 

The Spaniards marching with their ufuai cii^ 
eiiml'pcftion and order, aficr palling through 
lome of the moli fplendid dtics in til*? entpiWi 
lit lad bad d light of Me!<ico,diItini;uillied ahoi'c 

^1 the refl by the height of its towers, and tin: 
^-.-JUdeiir .mi nuiltipli'jity uf its buildings. U^- 

/ijiv they h.nd advauced ha\t wa'y. they wirre tiit:i 

L - .. 1 



coNavesT OF MBXico. 



133 



and proceeded bciore the uaopi. At j 
diilaiicc frona Mexico, tlie caufcivjy, ovur 
ake in which tt liood, was crollcd by a bul- 
oi&<mc; and iJjc entrance into the city 
(ci'ured b/ gatct. a draw bridge, and a fe< 
itirtiDcstioxi. The nobles had no ro^ncr 
. on ihe other Tide of thu bridge, than iliey 
ed a iaDcfut the army lu pals thruugh, A 
aoiis ftieel foon I'aluicd their vicw.liichoiifei 
rhich wereunirorniiy built, and (iie wiudour* 
jbaiilcincnts filled whli fpei\laiors. Nobod)', 
lever, was feen in liie lVrt:els, as the emprror 
lordcred than to be cleared; having himlcif 
Ived tolliew Curlezsiiestraotdinar)' mark of 
Favour, by coining in perloii lu retcivc hiiu. 
farce had the Sjjaiiiards entered the ciiy, 
ai Ihey perceived ilie inil troop of ihe royal 
'"fetinue, rrjiililting of two hundred ooblemen, 
\iy and uniformly habited, who, iipproaeh- 
fcllie Itrangers, wiih eyes fixed on ihi: ground, 
oack on each fide. Then appeared jimiJier 
paiiy, ftill more fpleiididly drcill-d, in ihc 
re of whom waa iluriieiiinia, in a ehariot of 
U (bed gold, Inrrounded wilhbcaailliilpbmicii, 
carried un the lliouldersof his favourites. Over 
bead four perfons held a canopy of green fca- 
Is. interwoven witli filrer. He was immodi- 
precudcd by three officers with golden I'ods, 
tU from time to time were lifted up. as n 
ai of llie emperors npproach; that all injchi 
proliraic and hide their fjces. • 

^rtcz difiBouoted atia fmall diflance. wh« 
Itejiuma did the fame, and walked oo carpeR 
were Iprcad in the ftrect. l^tA "y^^^ ■«». 
iaud lolcnw. and he IcLiHiiA tiu vwo 'j'i 'dv 
OS. >i'io t'urciijed larjie piov'iusts. Wt-s' 
t.1. ^ '^ ^ 






194 COWafl'lKT O? MKtl 

ahnut forty y*ar.i cf age, of a miiii 
guod iiirlciico; but tm ronlliiutiuu 
ddicate ibaii rob\iit. HU iU'l'r «'«>* a<]t 
cyi^s livrly, hi« liair lliort. liis comple 
for a Mexican, niiil his look penllvc, bi 
lie. He. wore on his Lead a kind of g( 
lfe( and was ^rflfed in a mantle of fii 
cuvt-fed with golil, |icarU, and precio 
CHi'cIclsly InlpctKli-d oil his Ihoulders. 
rcfpoihlcd tile Uoman fundals, with Ibit 
Cortez h;ilii!)- advaiici-.d, and made a 
revi^encc-, whldi MojiiMum;) rtturoe 
luuiuicr uf hU country, ah'rady defcri 
this the. Meiiicans witc ^'."i-'atly afton 
none of llic-ir e;iipei-oi-6 had ever fiiewa 
dcfcenlion hcfoir. Cortez wore, abotit 
a chain i^f ghiii, in imitatian of diain 
emeralds, which he had reletved as a p; 
his tirft audirmei nnd coming up to tbc 
thrrw i( almiit hii< neck. The princes 
porled Monlcsnma, with fome emotion 
ihai it was not lawful to ap\iroadi fo 
lln: emperor reprimanding ihem, howoi 
lo (iiew that he accepted tJie prefi:nl; i 
turn, put a ricli ornament, of eciml'uti 
gold, round ilie iK-ck of Cortei. Thi 
general then made a fliort fpcedi, to n 
trnperor made & fuitable reply. Thus 
firii interview ; ihe particulars of \ 
thought it might he entertaining to re( 
h was tin the 8th of November 1. 
Cortcz entered the city of Mexico. 
^cas immediately fct apart for the 
K-hicli had becu bmk by Moutc«im; 
and was large enough lo jcconvvfuAW-c 
-^ii)^'. k was eieCttd *ji feow 



coKairmr dp mesico. 135 

ton-er*! and many of iho apartment* vnc (mt' 
■ I ' with cotton hanging* and oniiiraciiial 
: work. 1'hc chairs witc formed of Iblid 
jiiMX-s of wood ; and ihf bcdrteads hnd ciifiaiiia 
like p.-n-ilioiis. The beds cbcnUclves anJ llic 
boHtcrs were of palm maU. 

Corlii^K had no Iboner diflribuleJ !iig guards, 
and placed his ariiilcr hclbre ilip gali-s. llian he 
found a fplrndid banquet provided tor him audhis 
otfirers, iind plenty of provifioiis lor all his fol- 
dien, with many Mexican altendjuls uho irail- 
cd on ihcm in profound lilcnci?. 

In ihp evt-ning, Cortr/rfCpiveda vifit fnwntho 

ur, whii eame in !li« fainf fialc as hclbre. 

'-[laniard met him in (lie principnl I'quare; 

irh fntcring die aparlmenL ti'gL-ihci, Mor>- 

■ij fcated himfdf, and ordering a chnir lo 

lie brouglil for Corlez, is faid to have addidVert 

him in ihe following tprms: " Btfore ycu tx- 

" plain the pari ictilars of ycnir emtolVy. illullri- 

■' cnii cnptain, let you and 1 lay alide (he prejn- 

" dices wc have each inibihed of ihe other, from 

" Ibr mifrcprcfenlaiicins of common fame. You 

" havp in fome quarters heard that I am a godj 

" thai my powpr is ini'itidbk, and my riches 

" immcnfc; that my palaces nrn eovrrcd with 

" gold J .'iiid liiat tlie earth grnans beneath the 

Wright of my trrwifurcs. On other pccufious, 

yon ha>e been informed, thai I am a tyrant, 

infoloit, cruel, and unjiili. By both irprrleii- 

taliuUfiynu have ben pcjimllyimpofedon. Till* 

arm of flcili and Hood ihrv. n that 1 am a mor 

tal,and thi^Tc walla and roofs demonltmte that 

thdt my ;>a[nre* arc not covnti Vx'Oa if*A 

" J'h'in Oleic ifiltancps Ijct'ote vijiji "cswai '^ 

K 2 



''J 
tnm 

■vaeA 

live, 



133 coNauEST or hexico. 

" may likewili; conclude that the accoim 
" vires is alio exaggcraitd by my eacmxtfi 

" We have alfo received various com; 
" fcDtimcnts of yoii. Some have affinned 
" arc godn, who grafp the thunder, con 
" elements, and compel the bpafis of thi 
" to obey j-otir commands. You have b' 
" prelcntw by others as proud, vimliftive, 
" liiplnous, and iraiifported with an in 
" cupidily for gold. Yet I now fee, thai 
" been alike deceived by thefe jarring accCT 
•' You are formed like other men, and oa! 
" tinguilhed from us by the peculiarities 
" cnuniry. ITse beads that fo readilv o 
" are large d«'r, trained up to difcipline. 
" arms, that produce lightning, I coH' 
" be barrels of metal, and tbeir etfcft, IJ 
" of our farbacans, proceeds from air ro: 
" ed and flriving for vent ; and as to fire, □ 
" and fmoke, they furely originate from in^ 
" ment. In a word, wc believe that th 
" prince, to wbum you pay obedience, 
" fcnidant of Quezalcoal, lord of ih 
" caves of the Navatlaqucs, and lawfu 
" reign of the feven nations that gave rift 
" Mexican empire. For, iVom the trad 
" many ages, we know that he left ihcl' 
" tries to conquer new regions in thecal 
" a promife, that in procefs of lime his di 
" ants lliould return to new-model our lai 
*' reform our government. We have theri 
" ready determined, that crerytliinglhall 
" for the honour of a prince, who is the o 
" oi'litch :ia iUuftivauspTo^evivvciT." 
To thin harangue, Cottw. teipWti, *' ■ 
it is trus. Sire, heard \«V o^^o^w v 






\&er, which hn* brrn mlollfd by 

rilified by oihiri ; hut a» i!ie !«pa« 

nbHs have penelnilioii winugli in iJifliiigiiilli 
■ihe colours ol dilcoiifi*^, wc liavc gucii no 
tcdit ciih'jr lo ynur flstiMt^ra or ymir fuc^j 
kil Mnir into your prerriiiT with full Hirvir- 
;ce of vour hi-ing a grwit and cfjuiinhle 
ince. Y<m juflly coiicl-jJc we urc moriiil i 
.oiigh more intelligt-iU nnt! vali.mt tlianyi>iif 
bifals. Our bcalh an- not dctT, bm iire of a 
** mnrc cjrnfroH* breed of animali, food of war, 
'• and ai'piring with a kind nf aiubition to lh< 
" glory Ol their mafters : and as to otir arniB, 
" ihcv arf fahricaied by human hiduriry, uiih- 
" out the alUltance of jnngic ; an abuniiniilile 
" ait which wc deleft. 1 am cojoe as ainbafla- 
" diir to yniir majcliy from the nioft powerful 
" monari-h on whom the fun fliedh liii; beam* at 
" hii (iril riling. He defires to be your friend 
" and conf-^eiale ; and ihough, acrnrding to 
" your traditions he might ptr-icnd lo bo inorc 
'■ nblbUite in ihcfe doniininns, he wiftics to ar- 
" ri^ate lo himielf no authority, but to prumotc 
" your advantage, and to cnnviiicp yijii (hat yoii 
'' have departed from ilic viorlliip of ihe into 
" Gnd, in order lo pay your adoration lo iiifcii- 
-"fate wood, carved by your own hiind), co 
iiieh you inbiunanly faciifice your fcllow- 
Miiire^." 

laving ended h\n fpcech, Montezuma arofc, 
tg. " I accept the friendthip and eoiifede- 
.ry of the great dcfcendniit of Quculeoal j 
lut ail gods are good, and yoiir> may he fa 
itbout prejudlfe (o mine, ^n v\\t vt\ta.w 
'ui'/b, ri-nij/t' y.jurlelves ; yov\ ate. vftNOv-'^ «■'*' 
p/e, wJierc i"" Ihall be p\mtX\«ii^ ^sx^' 
' allpollibii; rt-fpc-ft," 



139 CnNOLiEST OF MEXICO. 

He ihen ordtrcd fame Very valuable prpfMlt 
to bv in I rod need, and lo be given to Ccnei; 
jind wiili a cheerful air, difiribuled fome jewel 
among tlic Spaniards wlio were prel'mi, 

Nc\t day Cortex bad an audience at the eni' 
pc.ror's palace. This magnificent baildiog liai 
thirty gales that communicated with as man; 
ftrpeis. The principal trout look up one fidi; • 
a fpacions f'juare, and was rompofcd of red 
while, and black jafppf, beautifully polilbcd 
snd, in 3 large fliicld over the gate, were rcpre 
fentpii MonteKiima's arnw ; a griffin with el 
panded win^s, holding a tiger in its talona. 

After palling three fquares, they reached thi 
(■mperor's apartments ; the walls of which wer< 
covered wiih cotton hangings, intermised wiii 
furs i and the interior rooms were hung with 
bMutiful kind of lapeftry, formed of plume* "E 
various colours. The floors were covered will 
mats, and the roofs were of cyprels, cedar, am 
oilier odoriferous woods, adorned with foliage 
and other rdievos ; and though the ufe of usil 
was unknown lo the Mexicans, the cicling* weri 
fo rnniri ved, that the planhs fupported eacli othd 

Montezuma, who was flanding alone, adTanc 
cd to meet Cortfi, and the cuflomary faluiaiioM 
palled. Then, being feated, the emperor enlerci 
iiiio convcj'fation with great affitbiliiy, and itkci 
a number of pertinent queftjona i obfcn'in^ hov> 
much ilie Mexicans were obliged to ihe dek'cnil 
Bills of their firitkiiig; and feemed to c^ull ill 
ha\ iiig the projilicei'-s fulfilli:d in his reign. 

Cdrlez, fuming Ihe difcourfe on rcUgiou, in 
feighed againft humaw CaciX&w* wah ihch 
1^ "'.ifiiirh, (iiat Monteawaa Wni'inAWisian^iJ 
Lfroju ill's tabic. 



coXAnraT or mesico. i:1; 

ic da« alter, ihc emperor, who was lii 
attachctl to ilic luperliitiuiis of hia coiintrv 
tticd Conct anil lome uf his prindpul ofK' 
J the cliicf temple, tliat ihcy might be fpcc 
ut its ma gni licence. He explained thr 
ulurs of their worthip wilh I'luh IVikmnil 
the Spaniards eould Tcarccly refmin fro; 
|fr i aiiil Corlfz Uiilifeif, tranCiioricd by u 
■oTiable leal, cried out, " allow mc, Sire, t 
the croft of Chrift betVirc fhofc images oi 
devil i and you will fee whether tliuv dc^ 
K adurjiion or roiitnnpt." Monteium, 
s pricfts i'elt enraged ;il this propolal ) hii 
i a mere liberal riiiiid than 'heir prelcmlfi 
lers, 38 they not only allowed the Spaiiiardi 
ip a chapel, but frequi;ntl)' attended diirf 
r ceiehrarinri of mafs, 
beg leave to fnbjoin a ihort dcrcription 
ppeiia! cily of Mexico. Ii was divided iiui 
Hits ; oiie, the re(iden(.c of the Iuwlt t'lalles 
^er, appropriated to the court and ihi: iio' 
Both parti contained about fixly thoii- 
iimilics. This capital flood in an cxtenfivc 
environed by rocks nnd loftc mountains,, 
which many rivulels iiruing, formed a v;i~ 
ifbesuiitul and fpacioua lakes. The t«" 
t lakes had a conimun ligation will) cac! 
I and OQC of th^.m was freili and the uihp. 
I The city of Mexico Rood in the middii 
lie fslinc^ lake in 19 deg. 13 niin. nort! 
Ide, ycl eti'ioyed a mild and lalubrioiis cli- 
It wns joined to llie main land hy (hrer 
caulVvvavB. The ftieeis were flraiglil sni 
and interfered by a nwrntet i^^ r.a.v*;'.^, •^' 
Sfty thoufnnd eaiiocs oi fi\'Spirx\\. 'fti'-* 



i 



IM 



coKatnuT Of jmnoe. 



Tiic taupla war pect . 
ficcat i aud the ornonn 
vcfc o(' incSimaU^ value. 

iiji in t;- ■ '^f 

tMQ!. il 

br reiircrf rn 




iruh '. lien dilrrj 

iiur ■. - "i" the ;j. 

iii.uci-a : r, w-is a paiij 

Li>mi-ir ^; 

Sutli was the capita' nf .Meiicoi wbni : 
niardt arrived ; aoA fuih vicrp the coi>d 
liabiis of ilie cinpnof on the tlironc. He 
tol- ' f. -"., (jay after dnj, with nrv 
ff ! iity i he aulitijialert all his 

and ...m.ii.iLy jncienlcd the poliibiluy o 
log u-iih him. Ccrlr/, however, was di£ 
that under tliU sffedcd pulitencfs, fonw 
was concealed which niiglit involve liim 
fopowers \a ftiddeti Tui", Hut lie could 
pretence for viotcncn : and he kept hin 
Dif guard agajnil furpri e. 

Cirililltr* and firclVnis vrrr. illll heap 
Iiim, wiih a moK nmiiDiccni hanc! : tiic S; 
bcine tired ol" iiiiiEtion, would liavr l-vt 
ddiglilcd lo liiiVK found an fsciil'e tor co 
ing hii(lilifii-s, " Tliliik riolliiiig gaiiit 
" aught ungainVi rrm;iina." iVrms ti> ha 
ihr miilto he adn^ifrd, At laii the wi 
cpparnifjiij- j)rBrc:itecl titclf. 
la order to fecure a coTtun'or\';:«^| 



CONflUE-'T OF MFXICO, mj 

" ytnir charnfter, which has beeu extolled by 
" ibmc, and vilified hy othrrs ; but as the Spa- 
" niards have penetration enough to diftiiigiiilli 
*' ihc colours of dil'court'c, we have given no 
'' credit either to your flatterers or your fiies; 
" but came into your prei'ence with full .iliiir- 
" ancc of your being a j^rrat and eijuiiable 
" prince. Von juilly concltidc we arc mortal ; 
" though more intelligent :ind valiant llian your 
"' vaflaU. Our beafts are not deer, btit are of a 
" more generous breed of animals, fond of war, 
" and afjiiring with a kind of ambition to the 
" giory of their mailers: and as to our arros, 
" tlicy are fahrii-aled by human indultry, wilh- 
" ont the alliftance of magic; an abominable 
" art which we deleft. I am come as ambaira- 
" dor to your majelly from the mod powerful 
" monarch on whom llie fun iliedi his beams at 
" his firll rifmg, He defires to be your frtcnU 
•' aud couMeialej and though, according tu 
" your traditions he miglit pretend to be more 
•' abfolute in thefe dominions, he wiAici to ar- 
" rogaie to himfclf no authority, but to promote 
" your advnniage, and to cominee you ilial you 
" have departed from the worlhip of the true 
." God, in Older to pay your aderarion to infen- . 
"lie wood, cai'vcd by vour own hands, to 

jich you inhumanly factihce your fullo«- 

eaturcs." 

ivId^ endril his fpeecb. ^^o^te^nm!l arofe, 

Ig, " I accept liic frielirifiiip and corfcrir- 
" r4cy o{ the great defcendant of Quezalcoal j 
lUnt all gods are good, and yours may b<?. <c% 
^Hihont prejudice to m'mc. '\i.\ x\vft w>fi.vi 

^Aou/r, tthere you Ihall be r.v\v\tX\i.A\'i ^«^' 

Mm aiipotnbiG u-ip<i\:' 

»._ Ii_3 



U3 CO!>fttIEST or HEXICO. 

cligiotis veneration for llicir jmncc. Cortex, bj 

rping him ill hi* power, and allowing him I 

ayty every cxlernal of royalty, fave libcrry 

Qiiiiitained an eaiy I'overeignly over Mejiiro, 

Efvci-iiing iu head, At the fimc lime, by Hudy 

Irs thp f mpemr's dmrafler, and flattering and in 
julging ail hii foihics and pa!!ions, he workc 
^iml'cit' into his moli entire affectinn. Did ih 
Mcxjcam, by coiitinucd irterciKirre and t'limi 
li»riiy with ihc Spiiniiirdg, (liew any atiateiiwn 

_Bf their original re.lpettj Moiiletutna was cm 
|il<]yed to (eacii them a mote obfcquious poliw 
llefs. Was a liimiilt excited through the rriicltj 
pr avarice of thefe invaders, ftloutezHUw afceiirt 
ed the battlements of bis prifcm, and hurangue 
sis people into fubniilTion and loi'Itc^rance, 

This farce was continued lb long, that rejwd 
tloti hfic:ime \iipid, and both Spaniards ancM 
lives were fick of ihc degrading ferviliiy of til 
eiupercir, But it was furtunate for the prino 
that, with his charafter and confeiueuce, he fnol 
|uil his life, While he was one dav IliaioefliU 
prollitt!tinghi« dignityand his talents, in defecdin 
Jie eaemies of his country, and juliifying ihft 
tiwrmiiies ; a Ilnne from an unkiiQwn hsii 
u'lick Iiim on the temple, which in a fliort nn 
prralicned his de.iih. 

The MexicHns liberated from the mock anthf 
(Uy of R llivereign, who was compelled to 
Operate with his enemies, againft the interells < 
liis country, eleCt a new prince, tlie famous G" 
(iiTiozin 1 who from the beginning difpUyrd ; 
aplacable animoCty a^ainii the Spanilh nam 
I '/idcr bii condAift. tKe rnvfctalile McxiiMni.ni(l 

«.'(/ into battle, agaiuft ihaiemctL'jjWttv'i^s^ 
luic-c coiifidered as div'iuvues. Nauu>iac.iwS 



CONfll'EST OP MEXICO. 139 

Rome days after, the emperor, who was ftiJl 
mucli attached to the fiiperllitions of his country, 
eondufled Coriez anil Ibme of his principal offi- 
cers to the thief temple, that they migiit be fpec- 
btors of its magiiifieenee. He explained the 
fflftieiilars of their worfliip witli fueh folcmnily, 
Ihat the SpjnJsrda eould fcarcely refrain from 
laughter : and Cortez himfelf, traniponed by an 
Jlolcafouabte zeal, cried out, " allow mc. Sire, to 
■ifc< the CTofi of Chrift before thofe images of 
HBie devil s and you will fee whether they de- 
^Terve adoration or contempt." Montezuma 
iind his prietls felt enraged at this propofa! ; but 
fiiewed 11 more liberal iwiiid than their pretended 
(eformers, as they not only allowed the Spaniards 
to fit up a chapel, but frequently attended dur- 
ing the celebration of mafs. 

We beg leave to fubjoiii a fliort defcriplion of 
the imperial city of Mexico. It was divided into 
two parts ; otie, the relidence of the lower cliilfes ; 
(he other, appropriated to the court and the no- 
bility. Bolh parts contained about iisly tliou- 
faiid families. This capital flood in an eKteofive 
plain, environed by rocks and lofty mountains, 
from which many rivulets iffuing, formed a va- 
riety of be.iutif'ul and fpacious lakes. The two 
largell lakes had a communlcntion with ench 
other ; and one of them was frefh arid Ihe other 
Cilt. The city of Mexico Itood in the middle 
of the faliiic lake in JQ deg. 13 min. north 
latitude, yei enjoyed a mild and fahibA'ious eli- 
tnate. It was joined to tlie main land by ihrec 
nnble caul'ewiys. The llreets were flrai^iit and 
■wide, and inicrfefted by a number «^ r.'i.-Mivi, to* \ 
vliivh Uny thaufand canoes ot ii?i.<v>:v.V ■iM':^ 
gfgJ. AU the p ublic ediacci VJ ext''^\iA.»- o^ "^"^ 



tnmplict's in a plot againft ilic Spaniai 
Mrxica ccaffii to be an tuipire, «ii( 
with Caftile d'Or, Darieii, and citlicr 
fubmittcd 10 the arms of Spaio, Th 
»nt8, in grucral, were either cxteimiua 
lirrd to tiic! mouEttains. 

Cortex, finding himliilf ettabli/hcd, 
rebuild llic city oJ' Mexico, wliirh lie 
moft dtmiiliilird by repeated attflcl< an 
Bill ail liis Ldiitjutils and all his ructc^ff 
fcLurc him in peace, When tlie Indi 
to plot tor hiH deliruAiun, hh own vl 
entered into conlpiranes. againft him. 
<■»■ mics too. who cddeavourtid to prej 
wiUi his ffivcrcigu Chaik-s V. 'I'o iavj 
flRrfls of injurious leprolVn tat ions ag< 
Ut vifitcd Europe in 152B, when he was 
received by liis prince, had lijvcral lowi 
lages Ictilcd upon him, aud obtained (. 
larqnis of Guaxaca. 



BRIEF ACCOUNT 



OP THH 



CONQUEST OF PE 



BY 



FRANCIS PIZARRO. 



ASQUEZ NUNEZ DE BALROA, part 

wholi; adventures havi- nlreatly bw-n re- 

I, having ellLiblillicd liimli.-ir in lln^ go- 

I'Tit of Santa Marin, immctl lately applied 

't"lo make fiifli ufe of the pi/w-cr lie Iiad 

i:\l, 8* might ffcnrc him a contimiaufe of 

u. And !ie wilcly judgrrf, that nothing would 

more eff'-itually prcfcrvi: his elevation, ihnn ihe 

afciimiilation of jjoUl, and thf: extent of bts djf- 

Cm-eries for the bcnfiit of Spain. 

Willi ihefe vicivs, he e^icrted himfctf to ihct 
Utmott to difchargc the ilvity of a pmdeiit gorcr- 
ntffi am! to gain an afccndency over the natives 
by a humani! regard to their welfare i though he 
look care to eal'e them of their gold, ilat what 
i» parted with willingly, enmiot be raalidcrcd as 
loft. He alio fitlrd out fevcral cxpi'diliiwu-on 
■''■(— -rrics ia the Souili Sea, uiid iu oiie of tlicin 
.1 ih« firll intioiation of the exlenGvf eiri- 
piir i.if Pciiu Having taken poirdHon ol Caftilo 
d'Oro, in the name of llieir CaXtuVxc'^i-jtStv' 
lie now thought that he had iont wmav^Vq ^ 



costauBsT or Mexico. 143 

MfijCd i and numerous were the tiirin nf for- 
tune that both lidea esperienced. But by the 
drxterwus management of CiirteK, it was fViiuid 
impulliblc to dtprive the Sjiaiiiards of the fom- 
bg they had gained in Mesicu, The granite es 
jis country Lad agreed to pay the crown of 
tlic imiiienlc fum of lix hundred thonfand 
is of piise gold by way of tribute, exclulive 
. am37.ing quantity of precious ftones. The 
, part of this diimibuicd among the ibldiers, 
tatityiiig their avarice, ftinudated their con- 
and made tiiem Uilregard dangers, 'whea 
I faich rewards awaitpd tlieir exertioiia. 

NiimcTQUs, however, were the efforts which 
llie Mexicans taade to recover their independ- 
Uofortunalely they did not a^ in con- 
L nor was their policy equal to their power. 
|r valour and their numbers, even thpir de- 
gave way before what iliey emphatically 
cd (lie Spaiiilh iliundcr. 
; I.ill G-uatimo^in and the cmprcfa were taken 
tiicT!!; and to fpare the etHiiion of his liib- 
blood, he requeiled thcjn to fubmit to the 
^ifti gpuci'al. The voice of tJie emperor al- 
tlie rtorm of war, and a temporar)' jieace 
ed. This was the prince whofe forlitudc 
be for ever memorable. When he lay 
ched on burning coals, by order of one of 
receiver's of tlie King of Spain's cxche<iucr, 
(inlliUcd the torture to force him to difcover 
jwhal part of the lake he had thrcrwu his 
lures, laid to hi^ high prieft, condemned to 
lame dreadlul puniJliment, and who luudlf 
3cJ his fetile of excrucial\i\g f^^Q, " ^"^ 
J inagirit: thnt i lie oa a bed oV vofcsY' "W« 
ffrJcl't kept /iJeiice } and d'lei yo. aia. *^ ^ 



J 



14 I CewSCferT OF MEXICO. 

(Jiiatimozin himtch' ws* fared fr^ 
but (-oricf flailing one KooCpincf' 
oihrr. and the natural love of iibefl 
prmlrnrt to tie ftill firong in the bl 
McxicMn«, at inlt hanged the rmp< 
other Indian prinres, who were liiiil I 
romplicui in a pluL againii llie Spxni 
Mexico ccafc<l to be an empire, m 
with Caftile d*Or, Daricii. and othq 
AtbiuJtied in the arras of Spain. '^ 
sniii, in general, were either cxtcnnii 
tired lo the mouniains. 

Cortex, tindicig hitnlclf dbblilN 
rebuild the city of Mexico, which I 
ruoii deiniilidifii hy repeated attack ( 
But all hU i;ou<|Uclis and all bii fucc( 
Itfiire him in peace. When the lu| 
to pli'i for iiis detiruAiuu, his own i 
entered into conlpiraries againft lui 
cni-mics too, who endeavoured to pt 
with bis fovcreigH Charles V. To iq 
elfrfts of Injuriotu leprcfni tat ions i 
hevifiled Europe in 1528, when be vj 
rci-civcd by his prince, had fcveral loi 
lagcs fettled upon him, and obtained 
Marquis of Guasaca. 

Next year he ictiirned to Mexico. 
wards being embroiled with the via 
province, he made a feeond voyage ti 
died in a village n<'ar Seville on tbo 
ceraher 1554, in ihe lislj-tliird year; 
liv his own dirc.ifVioD, his corpfe wa( 
New Spain. His tiimc for coui-a 
canam be larnilhtd'. iattlict wc 
our iirailc. 



BRIEF ACCOUNT 

up TH8 

CONQUEST OF PERU 
FRANCIS PIZARRO. 



'ASQUEZ VUNEZ DE BALBOA, part 
whole adventures liave already been re- 
CfjrUed. hiiviiig' eftablillicd liiiTilcU' in Ihc go- 
vrmnipiit of Sanla Maria, immctiiLitely ap])!ied 
liiml'df to iiMke rncli ufe of (lie puv-fr be hat! 
obtaincil, Si iniglit I'crnrc him a l-o tit in nance of 
it. And he wilbiy judged, that nolhicig wniild 
more cflt-iftually [irciVrve his devation, than ths 
iiccTmiul.it ion of gohl, and the cxleut of hU dif- 
cavrrica for the benefit of Spain, 

Wit!i lliefe views, hi: extTtcd hlinlclf to the 
Uliuoll to difdiargc the duty of a pnnJcnl gtncr- 
nor, and to gain an afcendeiicy over the naiivt-s 
bjf a hiimiine regard to their welfare ; though h« 
took cart: to cale thrm of their goUi, But wlist 
w parted with willingly, cannot br coniidered m 
loft. He alio filled out feveriil exprdilionB on 
J:.-.-, ,-rvicii in the South Sea, aiul hi oiie of than ' 

d the firft intimation of the estcnfive em- ' 
jiiii- ijt Peru. Having Liken polleilinn of Cattilft ' 
it'Oro, io (lie name of ihek Car\niV\'i "iJW.fSCwi 
' V ttwught tly.it he. had done cwl\\"^^ ^t\ ■ " 

ill! his former irrecwVir.\!vcs,!k'RiC&^ 



146 roxetrBiT op pbrw. 

t' ■ 'ird an ngrot Xo Spain with il 

111' ■ 111 riMDiini ot bii prticecdiiii 

L'uldl'IuiuilflyliL'liad liffii rnpcnedrd I 
e|i[n)riiitiii_v I'lvlt-ulcd iiii-!i ot \li'-ii 'ti.- i 
duetiaiidnlilpLiyini-hisfcrvka), , 

one ol'llic mult taiij^iinary mOnii. . - ,. 

graved liiTnuin n.'inirc, liaJ bcvn ajipniut 
nor of GoIUen C^iftilc, ■ and Rrri^'cd 
M»nii witii a [lowttiul licet in July 15J^ 
iicx yjddcd hitii uU iiiiaginai^ cirl'pa 
tlimigU mnbilioti was his I'avHurite »*iL-e.j 
lux iituliority widtuuC a niucmur. I'iis 
«liiitcd officLT aAcnvnrdi I'liuTiil means t^ 
Ti dcaring of his cdiarnetcri aud rtunuiier" 
li'ig fcr»ii'r«, ill tlic jippoiLitimuu of lor 
tiiiiit of llie. f'duoirici on the Soul h 
iVdrari.is, jialnus of liia worth mid eui'ic 
fiicctTh, liad liini ttiud uii llit luoft 
ilui-ges; ftiid he Uifll'red death as a trait 
1111 othw (riuit: but for I'crviiig Iii.i prini: 
Ktal mid lidclity tiiat rcfleiiiwl iL^me 
ciicniyi , 

Such was the fate of ^'af^|Ul:^ Nunca 
lioa ill ihc forty-fecond year i.if hi« age. 
hiiill the liiwn cii)li;>l Vniuma with iuc 
UbiJU-r; he lud t^xtcndcd tlie dil'uovLris| 



fcrnnl creiliied, crruin it Is, that aftrr cliffcrciit 

■ "licm-i prcijc(Sc<l by Pr^drariai hsiO toilnl. tbtn 

vircomiiry, more import;int than Mcxioo 

'I, lit mliAiTil hy till! rridfavouTi, unil at llib 

I e of tlutr priviili; [icrroiis. 

I'rl' ■ ■! ilie life uiid loiil (if thir entcr- 

,■ ! ■ n riMrrtf, a iiaiivi: nt' Trii\il!o; 

ju i!if pruviiiLi; of Ertrt-'initdun in Sjiaiii. Sunic 

ftf )m couiitrj' writers fiy he "'as :i iioblrm;ii< by 
Ahilc others nt.iiiitaii) that lie wjis ;iti illc- 
II* iV.iioffluortii-cr at Tniy'illo, who I'lilftr- 
1 lo he expnrcd as a fouiiiiliiig. His re* 
(:ilhiT, huwevcr, hfing diluoviTLiI, hf was 

■ i to iiin!nt:iin liiin; but he gavt !ilni no 
>f Fdiicalion ] \vhcu tlic conqm-ror of a 
.' rmjiirC) he coiiidneithcr rfnt! nitr wrilc • 

■ iingTC'd.ijFS were fpcnT in freditij liog*! 
length he ran away troni hi* charge, and 

:!i5iin bdstd a rtiip bound for thr Writ [ i- 

iii», diftiiigiiiihed liiiiifflf biii!i in IlirjKiniola 

atid Culm for a bold and eiiterpriling gc-nivii. 

He alliTwanls fi-rwd nndt-T N'unez dc Jinlbna, 

^'>'' li-iviiig acfiiiircd a haiidlbmc fortimc, fct- 

pHiianin M« f'joii as it wa.i buill. HtTe he 

1 difjiofrd to end his days in tlie cnioyliicnt 

.i-i', till the Ihirft of gold ftimiihili'd iiini to 

iiu;..; iivrrture* to I'edranas, the governor, for a 

TOQiiiiirtiiJi! til profeeiiLc diffoverics in the South 

S«; whieh iiaviiiif uhbiiiird, willi a coafimialiou 

fmni the court of Spain, be took in as afloeiales 

gpgo dc Aimogrc and Fcrdinando dc IrUfpiM. 

!ffpJ■m^■^^^aa of fiii'h jin obfcwre origin, that 

ugli be was named frojii the plnee iif his birth, 

thlfldrini) has hrrn nblt^ in trace Va^ ViiJnM ■ 

fi^ littrr was a imcll, and a inaa ot \mw. I-j 

OS 



148 coKauBST OF rsn 

TbiB triiimvirate, wliich t^lcnii 
of lli'-ir nuniw. were at lirlt the 
In tiic ftiber and relleding part o' 
nwji. I'licir projtft.waB ireaicd 
tiuDury ; auij tliai it would infaUibly 
ruin of Uie iinJcrtakcis, was tlic comii 
tion. Bill willigut regarding llie opil 
worlil, Ihc/ iblrinnly plcdgcn thcnuel 
cilit:r. tlint nn iliingcrs or dilaflfrs flu 
tlirin fvum tlicir ectcrprile ; anil lliat I 
e<iuiilly pariidpate in the advantage! 
(juiii'il, Td rtrciigthen their I'cfoluti 
bim! thrm flill more cluiVly Irj each ( 
CLill'ti in tlic aiii of religion. Havin 
liigh m-il's, which was celebrated by ( 
llicy rci'eived the facramcnt Iroiii his 1 
broke ihe cisnrecratcd wafer imo th) 
trjoli the lirll hirafclf, cinti gave the ol 
C(.mp;inions, ^s a token tliat ihej- wo 
llicir prefcnt defign with no Icfs ragi 
if ihtir fittrnal happlm-i'ii ikpciided on 
It Vim aliuut iliL' middle of Novel 
thai Pizarro fit nui for the conquc; 
with two hundred and fifty footj fixty 
twelve lm.^il pieces of (mnnou, di'jiw 
from the, i:nniiucrfd nations, when 
llmt the Pc:ru+ians were impreiltd wit 
prejudices with the Mexirans in fnvi 
Sp.mifli nation, and befides wen 
lion ni'ire otranin.ite and nnwarll 
he confidcrcd I'o estr.iordiii.iry, 
been related of tlip conipieft of M 

. Pizarro (honld be, able, with this inc 
fvrcc, to make n dcc^ anA wAcUlile 
on the Peruvian cnvpVtc. VatuvNi 

^t/ncci alio copf^vted to ti\ovitVii 



n lavi 

1 



rosauEST or tebu. !-lf> 

whi**!)! a*' thry tenil to devL-lopi- forocthing nl' (^ 
, rdigioii, MUil fl;iic of [hr. Lumaii nwul Jh 
V wivW, ii Biiiy nut bf. iiiiprnjier to Ifatc. 
■Mill igiinilcr nl* the Pi-niWan cmpiru 
i'o]v,ii', 3 mtiti who gifted with poM'iT* 
i',\f Ifvel iit~ his kind, imd fziltii and djf- 
:!i- liimlijll", by liii.-i-!y difiTirniriiitiiig tlifi 
ot' hU fi'llow (.iiviliircs, was alilc lo work 
'iietn witli (■(['('£(, iiiid turn tliera to (lis 
Will pr-'tit and gloiv. He oblVricd itial Uia 
peopli: ol" I'ltu wciv- n.miniliy addided to fapiT- 
iKlifin 1 .nod that llu'y IkkI a pccxiliiir veiH-nilion 
frir Ui(- arh of dijy. He. prcti'iidcd tlicrefrjfc lo 
. lulcd t>(im llint glorinus liimin;irv, wliolij 
; iw wait Iftil til eflahiifli, imd wlicile iiu- 
lic wjs t-niiilpii to oxcrrili.', By litis ro- 
fidinn, which was i^xtrcmdy ndl aditpt- 
'''ir. iHfjudice?! of lliole on whom h<; in- 
to iiTiptil'cj he cadly duppd ;i tTfJnhms 
iiuJ by tills anifice aloni', iirotighl a 
raUe fsleiit of terntory under his juril- 
Tlie liiiindation of bii empire being 
LULL I. till fin fiiprrliition, he pstendcd liiidonii- 
' liltitu liill larilicr by Hrm.s. Bui, to liis hoinmr 
' ■ . ' ordiiii ihitt, whflhtT he employed ft;iud 
, [( WHS wiih a vifw of promoting hap- 
iiid (iiiing its influence. He united nnd 
d Ihc roving and Ijiu'bnroii'i triljcs \ he 
h-m lo liiw-, and ioiirt-d Un'm lu :imi,i i 
ru-d iljcin by the InliiLution of a bcnci'o- 
I T and in proportion «■? lie (-valti'il 
■■iv p^Atliotifni, hol'iibdii?;tl iJitir iiMrt* 
U' Uif. iiircV of jirindpie. In no ^iirt of Amt- 
nco Imd .viTrictiJrore and the. arts \ftwic \viA\ ^t- 
'f- I'Cngrek ; or men ^i\var.cci ^o ^ii ' 

O3 ^ 




150 CQKaucsT OP PSBvJ 

A race of prince* fuccccdcd 
g4l^"' W 'tc UUc, of Vtica*. and i 
llicir I'ubj'.-ft* Its ihe undoubted defer 
thtic great Gmd, t lie tun. Tlie rwdft 
now tilled the ibronc, -B-ho w:is namp( 

Iia. His father Giuiana Capac had tx 
irreditary domiujons by the addiliiNi t 
^iiirpof Quito, which dow conltitiite 
Sp-.itiifli Peril, To fccure himfclf in i 
lieu of ttii'i connueft, he had married ( 
ler of ihclrgiiiinatc prince of that con 
of thi'Jmatriugi; wh= fpruiig tlie reign 
mr. His elder brother, Huefcar, by 
inollier. had claimed the fuccelTioii to 
of hii paternal dominions, not excepl 
whJL-h devolved on A(ab;dipa by a d 
iieiiioo. A civil war had been kind 
account ; wiucli, after vaiiou? turns < 
nnd greatly Mcnkcning ihe empire, tcr 
'favctiir of llie younger brother ; who u 
cd Huijfear a prilbncr in the tower of 
capital of ihe Peruvian empire. 

Thin (he I'ecds of aiiardiy wci^ n 

and thecoufc of difliikuiotihadbegtin 

before till? anival of Pizarro. In tbis 

di'ijoinleil ttatc of llie empire, the on 

' dirtinrn nf rclioion jninrd thdr forn 



cosauEST OF TEBir. 151 

HU(lre(s and appearance were entirely different 
bam ibole of lUc Ptniviaiis ; his beard wns long. 
Lis gainieuU flowed down to his feet, .ind in hia 
hand he held an animai ablblutcly unknown to 
ihc yoiing prince. Thi.^ fable was fn firmly be- 
lieved, and fo deeply rnoted in tlic minds of ihc 
reraviana, tliat ihey no fooncr law a Spaniard 
with a beard, his legs covered, and liolding hi* 
h&rfe by the bridle, t!ian (hey exclaimed, "See 
■* Uiere is tlic Ynca Vlracboca," or ihc foii of 
the I'un. 

Under fuch impreflions Alnbalipn, Inftead of 
npjinfiiig the Spaniards, fet himl'elf to procure 
lueir favour. " Thrfe people," fuid tiie emper<ir, 
" are mtirengers of the gods ; let ua be fuen to 
" do nothing to offend tbem ; but on tlie coa- 
■ trary, ufe our utmoil endeavours to gain them 
'fcy civiiilies." Pizarro, however, whofc tem- 
T partook of the raeaancfs of his education, 
lad no conception of gentle dealings with a peo-' 
pie he fallely deemed barbarians ; but who in 
fafi, though lefs cspert in the erne! arts of hu- 
Dwn deflrudion, were more civilized than him- 
fclf. In conformity, therefore, to his deteftablc 
lyoftbiukiiig, while he was engnged in a con* 
ence with Atabalipa, his meo, as previuiilly^ 
(Irufled, furioiilly attacked the guards of that 
prince wiibout provocation, and having butcher- 
ed five tboufMod of them as they were prefling 
forward f'l proteft the facred perfon of tlAcir mo- 
. feized Atalialipa himfclf, whom ihey cil: 
(f to tlie Spaniih quarters, 
rUarro having thus got poirfilion of the em- 
peror n-i(Jioii£ re/iftance, iqi'tIiV. Nje i!,\tw\ft,"j 'i.i^' 
lo be mslief of Peru ; for tbc \i\WV\Va.W^ <i^ '^'* 
■gwtatr/ were as flxongly aU;xc\iti. \.n ^V^v« "-^ 



'3 



1 



m([r, a* wpj-p ibr Mcxicansi. Thry fnon 1 
III ircjt witi <!»• Spaiiiardi aliont lii< nri 
nni) on tliU rac-l.inclioly omfinn, the anii 
Raim-nU nf roj-nliv, imi-tflci! bv a long 
iiiacnitictnt, liinga, ilii- h.illfiwcd Irraiurvs 
iiKiJl fdlcran icmpirs wi're nroducfd lo 1 
Mm, who w'iis rfgardn! a? the life of tb 
donii aiiil tlie fuppoil ofrc-ligiou, 

WliJIr I'ixBrro was rngagwl in this n 
tion. In- which hf hoped to accumulate 
liiciile 'immtitj' nt' giihl, without at hift del 
11(1 thi" ("nijKTfir, the arriviil of his ailbct 
mn^m llinrw his nliiiirs into I'onie (-nili;irra 
The rxtv-mnl (lipw of amity between Ih* 
wart fold)' foOirfeJ nti tin- priiiriple of avsr 
II hold Fiiti-rpvi-/itigf[Tii'it.ri"i which tiiithinfii 
cd too ciitiiciik or dnngcroti?, th.it could 
thtir prcd'Tiininii |i;ifli«n. When iheir id 
ihcri-ffire, h:ipiifiied In clafli, it ^Vlli not pi 
lh.it any iiitalun-s rovtld he V<-pt In-rwrea 
Rz.trrn yrmgiiird to hinilWf the. mrili cc 
nble lliarc (if the trral'we for ihc cnipcra 
foin. benaiifc he w.n the chief inllmm'^ii 
(luiriiig it. On the contrary, Ahnwgro 
on LI1I cquul clivifii>i) t Mild nl lull. iHi lb 
inrjii cnufe (hoiiM fiilfci' by tjicir tlifcoi 
dit'ttittitiou wa^jj^Bwlod to. -- y- --»^-? 



cotrariuT oF ruiUt 1,13 

furh a forttme it. was not to he f-spcAcd, that s 
niercenari' army would willingly fubmit to the 
vigours of militflty difdpline. No fnoner were 
they in poirdiion of fuch a li-eafurc, ihan llicy 
bfgaii to infift on bebg difljandi-d, that tlicy 
might eujoj' the friiiLs of thtir labours in quiet. 
I'izarro had policy enough (o comply with this 
demand. fenJible that the defire of iiirrc.iling 
tiiPir prefent acquilitions wouhl ftiJl detain a con- 
lidetabl* number in his army ; nnd tliat thofc 
ttbo rcluvncd with fiich magnificent fortunes, 
n'ould iudiice new adventurers to jmrfiip rhe fame 
fifps for the acqiiirement of gold, Thi-fc faga- 
rious refletitioiis were abundaiilly verified. It, 
WM impolfihie to fend out more proper recruiting 
officers ih^n tliofe ttho had thcnifdves reaped 
Ji amazing profits by the field ■- new adven- 
coijfianlly arrived ; and liis armies were 
tlLinlly fujiplicd with the necclliiry reinforce- 
bts. 
be immenfe rsnfom whli-h had been brought 
Tnrward for the redemption of Atabaiipa, fcrved 
.IS a realbn to avarice !or detaining him 
in confinementj till (licy could afctrtain 
! hfld not anotliet Ireafnre to graiify their cu- 
pidity. But whether thev bclievedj that tlic 
Bads of the emijcror had no more to give, or 
! unwilling to employ the troops in guarding 
ince itho had no mote to bedow j ,oi' that Pi- 
liad conceived an averiion againll the Pc- 
kiwi cjnpgjor, which lomc drcumflanccs give 
i.rrafon t* fuppofe; certain it U, thut by hU' 
nmantl this ill-faicd prince was put to death. 
:iily this cruel proceeding, a tuit-fli*^ '«.%.- 
!.ignhtl him, on pretr.nc.e iVial Vt wa^ *' 
kler, tIi.K he kept a nunibct o£ covic>:&i\^' 



I 




(trtcft 



"TTT- 



It iHaiiiml'Tcd iliMi. TitmMii' ' 

lions, lift fi>ir'ii;n pnAi-r r i 

doim-ffir (iriMiigi-iiii-rti ii ( 

lliii prrlffirr- will fall d. ilie f^i-imni 
ctTiiitl int'iiaiy cii' the Sjiamard:!, i!i 
Ati'hnlijm li;tv'iriff Iri-ii li'iilpiit'crl lo 
liiiil Iiii )itniilli[iU'iit dimniiilr'l In fir; 
conililinn nf his uirning Cliriftian, I 
I he- rile f)f Imjitifiii, wlifcb it was in 
ciwld tinrferliin!!, in tlip cvriiinsi.'aufi 
ing win nrj niorc. Upon IIip d<*^lh o 
a numliM trt" caiidiilrites ftriilcil lo fill' 
lliron.-. Tlic ]iriiici]>al ntibilily fani 
jiK'iciilions of tht full bnither of Hii 
-/arr-i let u]> a fim nf Alalialii>a ; and 
PiTMfian gi'iicnili e-mleavourfd lo efta 
fHvM by tlic aliilbtit-c of tbp army. 
iraftinns, as miglit have been fiippo 
" 3VI- fiM-llitalcil Uie ioru|oefbi of ^uii; 
'Ci-11 SaIaI Iu ilic iiili;refts nf Prni. J 



.\exed «« Ut^j 

■ t. Tliry 

IICU J.l lEHlllLLIJUIlV V, llidt ll.'ld ' 

'liieir aruis; auJ'vlia-lx tliry 
JUJ) In ki.'r;i up nijil iljllluiiliiiu- 
liiiiU 1)1" 'lie iJi.w Mi.rlii. 'lliii 

!i(l !jc tlifi iuti-: 

; tit tbe jaerinaiiaji ti: 
I in thii touniii'. , , 
tuciug the liril !':i\(iura1>1e fiprinfr 
kg ttiu \l';ir, ll 
lud aliRf I'm I 

IgRPi ri/3rfil .11 bli. iii.idL- iilriiidl uiiiiltTJ 
3, ilir f.Tpiijl ot' tivp finpiriu TliU hu[i» 

DiH'jlicT \aiVZ. On i-iiiuiiig tin: cily, | 
ildi die iiiiisbiuiin had Ik-ci. uinl caiTicO 
Its ifiui'i valmbic with litem, be [Hll fiiun<l i 
; imiiieniV. Ai it w:ii itu- Diilitim nf tlm 
'ry tn liurj- with theit gr;mil( rs thi*. hfti \)4it 
Bir ridiG-i, llm cmmucTurB htli'il Uic Icitul- 
; and t'uiind ihcm^ua rich its UiL.- hiiliUjliotiil' 
le living. Tlie plandcr of Cuffu h.w bcciij 
mtcJ t" wjual tlic lujii Ibrmcrly advani'edl 
he nmil.im of Atalialipa, PiMim nwv lu-j 
iht iiJ]:ibit!itiUi to rcrluni to tlicii' ilwdliugi, { 
111 left by driving llu.'in to clc-ljitriiiiun, thcj 
e ciii|iirc might uiiitti ugniml hiiii, Thcj 
fl- ■ -■ ■] i|,e priiiJulkl , ancl even tliC yricaj 
El' : ; iirps of acoimvtioila^Aim, 

|u[. i.ii.^n, hjil lb fat ailuni'iA.&c?!?-*^ 



I 



156 coNactsT op PERr. 

ther co n ri W y . VimrTo obtained two huii3i 
le-Bgur* alimg tbir I'lM-roaft to the foothw; 
what had been urigliully grajiiefl Ivim ; and 
hwifrO two hiindrcil Icagura to the Jbothwan 
I'izarro'i government. Tlih dii'ifion occafii 
a Tsarm iiilpiitc bftwccii tiie two chiefs, 
reckoning Cufrfi "-ithin the limits of hisdi 
But the de\ieriij- ni" Pirarm p.ft'pftc-i! a reconc 
Btipn. Hr [Jerfuack'd tiia rival, that the coiii 
■which really bdungfd to him lav to the fm 
vaid of Cufco ; th^it it was tin way inferioi 
ricbcg or feilillty, and might lie as i-Mfily 
(jiiereU a* Peru, To enforce Ihi* argument, 
offered himhi? alfifcnce in the expedition, 
Au-refi of which hi- deemrd indifpm;ible. 

Almngro, that he might hare the honotii 
fubduing a kingdom for bimfelf, liftcned to 
advice ; aitd having iiniled as itiany of Pi»a; 
foldicrs to his own, as lie jiidg'ed necelTary, pi 
tralcdwitb great danger and difficultyintoC 
But d.inger and difTJciUtr vanifb at the pro( 
of ffold. He pnlTed rnoutitiiina of iiom 
height, and covered with eternal fnow, «-ith 
lols of many of iiii num. and the grcatefi par 
his baggage. Thefe monntaina were die Coi 
Icras. At length he^arrived in Copayapu, I 
jeft to the Ynca of Vera ; and In a ihurt ti 
reduced a confiderable part of the cireumjai 
comitry. 

The Peruvians had now gained poli^ 
their intercmirfe wtlh the Spaniards, and 
knowledge of the art of war. This divifii 
thr^ troops of the eiieniy did not efcape thrar 
ticc, T'hey made aw rf^iiTV va ^tap>\v\ lUeir c 
la(, in which, -wbWe V\7.a'[(o -^as TOSv^-^rfEii' 
'ma^ro at a diftimee. <tie^ ^stit-wtW tCv' 



MStaUKT OP PEBO. 15^ 

1. The LiUcr, Imwrrcr, fanvliig rpcerred 
nccoi ibc fipge I'f Cufto, imratduicly! 
BneJ his licws ot* liiflnnt ccnqiicft, tu\il rt- 
1 W fTiitc ihc gmnii dbjfft of thfir former 
boon. He fton raifrd thr fiegr of Ciifcc, witli 
I itilir.itc fluiightcr of l!ic nliiiihnts; but ha V- 
j iimv the rocrit of olikiiiilng poflcllion pf tlic 
Ely, he u-as iinwiliiiig lo ri-liiicjtillli it to I'i/arru, 
Iio was approacliiiig will] :iii army, and liucw 
|no other enemy hat ihc ?cnivi:iii3. 
I'bis b'lne nf lotiteritlDii t'waiinnfd a long and 
Dddy ftmggic bctwTi-ii \he cliiets pnd (hdr rc- 
tivc jjsriics, iti which the lums of formnd 
'ucrc v.irjous. and ihi.- releiiimcnl ficTce oti both 
6des ; becLivife llie fait of the iiiin|uillicd was 
c<Tl3in dcilruflioii. Smh ;U !aft was Ihi; fiilc of 
AlniagTO, who in an ad\'ancfd age, fell a viiiim 
to the feriiriiy of a rivnJ, ill whtpic datsgpM and 
tritmiphs he had long pattiripated; and wiili 
whom, from the bcpiiiiiug of the entprp?'!/!:. ^|C 
h;id been clofely tomnjacd, During thu tmirfe 
pf thiscl'vil w;ir, many rermitiiis fcrved in, the 
Sprrnifli armirs, and learned trora the practice of 
ChrlHians to butcher one rnotlier with iui'ccl3. 

Tliat p:ifiive and blinded nation, howtver, at 
laft (iptned their eym, ai\d ti>ok a verv remark- 
able refolulion. 'J'hcy law the ftroriiv' of thn 
Kiirnpcans, their implaealile reiVntmfiil, their iti- 
ffltiable avarice i and they loiijei't tired, that tlic 
tsercifc of thofe palfions would pever fnfler tlic 
conldis lo I'ubhde. " Let tiii retire," (aid they 
" firm iilniiiig them. let lis fly to our mouiUains ; 
" Iht-y will fpicdily di'liroy oi:« niiollit^r, and 
" Ihcn Vi'e may return ii\ pe.aue, iti owt ^ifswitrW- 
" L-iiaiiom. " 7'Jiis ri-folvit'uin \v ?.s\w?i.v.Vii\^ Y^v'V 
i<^/.-fi. 2'ije PtTiiviniis d\fpcifci, ■i\^'i V^V 




of liix brullicr's partiKans, with win 
nialeciHitcnis had joiiifil iiiterdU. 
longer a private Uifpult; beiwccu go^ 
Uif boutiils of their JiiL'ildiSion. 
ro paid no niore ihaa a nommal . 
the king. lie d.iily acciimulated 
reCourccs ; and even went fo far, as| 
EL giivcrnor wlio had bc^cn fcot to cU 
attached In bis lutt^rtll the admira 
uifh fleet in the South Seas ; by vul 
propofr-d to prevent [he landing i 
Spaitk i and in the plenitude of hisj 
meditated to unite llie iiih.ibitanM 
tia rem It- 
Ill thi« wretched Jituatlon l^ood] 
tb<' Sp.inilh court, reiiilblc of JLii 
Ing men intu Americ.i from the lo 
niofl* and tiic foli imitations of ca 
any regard t" i/Laraftor and virtjj 
with unlimited anthnrity Peler ' 
'■ ' ■ ■■- — ^-'- j^-^- 



cosavp.sT OF rERtr, I3f> 

emfHvcs. They refolveil on the former i 

titlVniriujitcH llic tyrant in liia nvn palace., in 

|dly of Lima, whkli hv had founded. This 

■ was ftnti'k on the 'iOih of Jutte I.5-II. Vi- 

hi wljfii lie tVl! w:is lixty-fivt; yrara nlil. He 

I iiCT'er been nismec!, and lliniigli he rnhaliil- 

rith'llir danginev.s .iiid lidtvi r,i' the yiicasj as 

I n« witli otiiers, it is nut known ihiit he left 

thildrtii bfhind hira. His ignorani-r rni- 

Iiim conkiiiplible, liis trueky dfteflablc, 

[ liis fale Wiis (intamenltd. 

n»e pariizans of old Almagro imw declared 

5(on of the fame name i iccrriy ; but the great- 

ntirl of (he nation, thniigh ni^t averfc lo tim 

ili>ii'ii(.-y «'I[ic'h lof'k (ill* Pi/iirro, rtfulVtl lo 

tiir ill this dtfleniii nation. Thry \vait('d (he 

(ti tif the Emperor Chaiirs V. then King of 

In, who lent ovir V:ua di Caftro, a man of 

lltriAclt probity, to be their governor. Ky 

thf- young Ahnagro wan defeated; and 
J tried and condemned, loft his life, togetluT 
I the chief fiipporlevs of his caiil'e. De CdC- 
Ihy lits wil'dom and integrity, was admirably 
lilted to heal the wounds of the rolony ; and 
Mace every thing' on the molt advaniagi'oin 
3ng, hotl) for il and lor the motlier conntrr. 
bi'i prudent eondiirt, the mine* of La Plata 
! I'otoft, which had hiiherio Aipplied the pri- 

[iliiiiderer, were cmn-erled iiitu objefts of 
iie nlility to tlieconrt of Spain. Thcpsrlic', 
ch had agitated tlie province from the very 
"aning, ^vpre either cviLlhrd. or tilei)c;-d ; niiil 
tijnlllily wa* again reltored lo Peru. 

n}>;ie;ir», however, lh,y\ ie. CAt^Vi vtvSv- 
' pcrhitjK. too mueh Mi a noTv'vifv"-'^-"- ''^'^'^ 

had iiegk^lea \\\t vL(\ia.\ '5\:t»;»'i<^^-''^'* 



malccontenls had joined intercfls. Il 
longer a private difpuic between govcn 
the bounds nf iheir jurifdiiiiou. Gon 
in paid no more than a nominal Tulj 
IliP king. Me daily accumubted ftr 
relnurccs ; and even went fo far, as to 
a governor wlio had been fcnt to curb 
iiLtachcil to his iiiterell the admiral o: 
llifti fleet in the South Seat ; by ivhofi 
propofed to prevent the landing of t 
Spain i and in ihe plenitude of his pn 
meditated to unite the inhabitants of 
.his rcvnit. 

In this wretched (itualion flood ail 
Iht Spaniili court, Ifiniible of its rniftal 
i(ig men into Ameriea from tliu indue; 
Dions and the. foliL'iutioii? of cabal 
miy regard to clinrafter sind virtue, 
u ill) unlimited authority Peter d^ja 
man of criual jjitegrity with Caftr^^B 



any of Piztirro's piininans, clvirmeil witli ilir 
luiviuuT of flLiTjjii, forjlmk iLfir old coiiiu'l'- 
'■"' Tlir a<lmii"ul was gviiiicil nvpr liy iitliiiii- 
atioTi tn rf'iim ro hU rluty ;i[k1 allegiance; :md 
P.^Tirm Iwznfflt" \v;i5 ofliTftl a tiiU indt-nmily oil 
line U-rms. Rut lb ititcxir:itiijg nrc ilia 
iif' royalty, lluit Finiirro chufe r;ilJier li' IiM- 
zatrf itTftiitv;Uil<- niin llian rubmit Ifi any oltirur 
of Spain- With ihufc. ot' liis pLir(i»:iris, who 
filit remainetl faiihtui to hii cavifr, be. dcterniin- 
eti to niii. a b;itUt, He wns vatitjiii tiled ;itid 
ttiVrii prilbniT ; atid liU cxmitjoii f|)pc'dily fi)l- 
luvrriL Thus tile bt^lhcr of him who had :idiifd 
Peru to the iliimiiiidin of Spain, fell a lieeeflary 
toiiidcc for llic feuuril^' of the a<;ix»ililioii> 



r i 



<3ENERAL CHARACTER 

DESCRIPTION 
ABORIGINAL AMERICANS*. 



THE ftux-efEful difroverJM, and valii.ihlc ac- 
qtiililitins of llicSp.mbrdd on the rich conti- 
nent of Soiilh America, lufincxrilL-d the ^itlpntionof 
«iher Etirupt-an lutlioiis toimrl'iu- liinilur [m^alure* 
hjliniilar (ii[-aini but the detail nf llieir ditlereiu 
«^prdiikiiis, aiKinflJicrevoliiiioiii that havetakfiii 
{tbce. m'illif.r fnlJ.s witliiu our pljii. unr would it 
be generally iuteri-lling. It i.i lutticieiitly known, 
that flniiulhing eolonics and indcjiondent rtate* 
D'lW i-xill, wkidi were planted along iliut very 
rstcnfive foali, reacIiingfrLim ihe month of tJie 
rivci- St. IrfiwTL-nce in North Atuejica, lo Rio di 
la riata in ilic South, fnme nf which fprcatl far 
wilhin luiid,; befides the illands in lhc,gulph of 
Mc\ifo and pUcwhcrte. A delcrijilion of lUefc 
falls within the province of thpgtogrupheralonej 
but licforc we proceed in our intcmli'd courfc, it 
ma^ not be aiuils la ihlow together the general 



» Chiefly Kilifn from Lifitau) MljOX W.r,|,-KVi. it.t«m«. 

Aarrh America, Cahatl Boutiuet'»ts^eiitiiiui^>l.'&'**'" 



TW »It»CltIPTIf>!« 01" TUB 

olifiTvjilior^ f'f viiriiiiia wriit rsi>i\ tlienrii^inal In- 
li.iSir Hill nt" lliis v;ill coiiliiu'mi to pri-lcric th« 
li-iir< (it I'li.iniflct wliifli lime lOiU'" iiblitcrjif, 
(ir ;ui iuU-tOourlt with Kuruptaiis cftiiciT. Such 3 
<iir.|tiiiiii(iii will be uo K'di grfttiij'ing to Mm 
M ' ■' i^-.iiJsrnr|ilM(iirc, ihiin lo him wlm vi-fid'i tor 
j I ii,i. It will iiilift lliP fjn-irill.itiiiiis 111' tlic [lUi- 
i.iiiiihcr, and amuli^ tlit IHfiirc of'ilic hal'y. 

\\ lii-'iillir vril \*ii>' witiirlrawu lliiit Iiidoiichatf 
of tlif woriil fVomilut other, tho Eiirf>]inms found 
tht. iintivM nfihe rH-w-dilVineri'd rtgiotisimnicrr- 
cd in whiit ihry rci'kniird h.-irhurilin ; but. v\h!cht 
liowL-viT, oii!;lit raihi:r to be di;ir:n!'liTired as a 
lliiltr of hdiiirt indfiJfliJfUfi; Mini imblr linlpHcitir, 
If wc esci^pi ihe Inhnbilajits of ihc two potcnC 
empires of Mexico and I'erii, who, a; wu Iwre 
fei-n, wcrcconpariilivtl)' tfliniJil, the luitivc* o' 
Amcriia hi giin-nil rvtve unucqiviiiitcil vilh 
fvrcy liiu'iipfun art. E^'euagriculUire itli:lf,ouc» 
<jf the (irtl Hliil liv fLir tlic mtjft iifcl'iil art, wiw 
liille knowTi, or littk- niltlvii\cil. The principle 
tlrpnideii:^ for fnpplying liic waul- til' aninul 
lift.-, was oil hutitliic the wild brafls which llie 
inouiitains nni\ tbn-lla ;ibun(l:tiith' lupplicil. Thi* 
cxurcife, wlii'-h h licrt- a fi riom iind linportitnt 
fTiitiy. givi'^iiihrnglh to the frame and agilitj' ti) 
tlir limb?, iiiipiiriUclcd among otbci' iiatioui'. 
To Ihr Otme ciiiile, perhaps, it is rwing, tlint 
in flimntrs not loo warm, their biiiilcs iirc uii- 
romraor-ly Uraiglit, and well piciiioriloncd. They 
are miifciilar and vigoruua, witli flntiilli bi'iitU, 
which is the cfft-ft of art ; their fcntMri-s ctir 
rrgiiSur; (lilt ihi-ir i>i'h1<'s of lift- ^i(*c a fiiTcencfn 
/i> tliiir jiJiiL'tHs. 'I'litit Viavv V^Xu.n^^, WW's,, 
ff a tlrang tcntui-c. TUt ciAnw n'i ^^w, ^ 



ABOBIGINAL AM&BICAKS. iGS 

aroong them, and U ibeccforc heightened by \ha 
nfe «{ bear's greafe and paiui. 

The chaiiifier of ihcfc people is formed on. I 

and indiiem-ed by iheir tircuinftancf^s :iii<l way of ) 
living. Couftatitly occupitd in procuring the 
(neaiis of a preeatioiis ftibfifttnce byliuoiitig; 
ami frequcQily s% the fame time engaged in war 
with their neighbours, their temper is little fuit- , 
ed I'l gjiely, nor fiilijciS to an exiiilatation of j 
ipirit*. They arc tlii^rcffre generally grave lo 
fdiint fst tlicy poflpis none of ihiit giddy vivacity, 
that high flow of foul which are peeulijr to fonie 
cations in other partsof the world, nndlheyde- 
fpifc them. Their dcp<irtmenl is regular, mo- 
«fi, and rcfpeftfiil lo tliofe with whom they at- 
fur i 1^. I'mirrinainlud with the pleafmg arts of 
("nsiTi'.itifm, of faying trifles agreeably, or com- i 
pi'inientiiig to be coroplimented again ; they fci- 
dom fptakbnt when they liave fomelhing inipcii't- I 
ant lo obfervc. All their aflions. words, and! 
even looks, are calailated to anfwcr fome p\ir- ' 
p<ifr, and convey fome mcaiving. Thi.^ U natu- 
ral to men who are always engaged in lahorious . 
linrriiils, flml ignorant of elegant amufcincnts.' 
Their I'nhfificnce wholly depends on their oiviil 
fcil and c>;ertions ; their li\c5, their librny, all 
that is dear may be toft by a momentary inatteii- 
lion to the views and dcfigns of liigir encjiiie»^ 
Having oo-objefts to attach them (o one place 
more than anoihrr, they rove whi'rever tlic ne 
ecHari-'i of life are to be found in the grealeil! 
abtmdanee. Cities and towns, the refult of la- 
boar and application to arts, thk'y liave none.l 
For ihU reafon, the various ttites (n wi\\iiVi. iiv« 
broken into fmal] focietits. ctiui\)aTei. -"j^VvV w^ 
lJ£cd cuiiulTiei, iii wUicVi, V]a\i\.\w.\ t;a\\Vi. ■w 




Dr.iinirTios OV Ttlc 
bipTocal intcicLmiijr nf linti^liti bave twn^ 

Bti.'d iiiuiKToiw iniUviili' "'u'a' 

hanA. Tlid'e I'liu!! rrib. ■ iVfl 

llii-y :\ri- inrnlat^^d hy n ili'krl Irur.iiw, v Iiitli it 
is 3» :!gi;rc.-Ilio!i tii |i.it9 ; an\\ liid in tte liiilum 
ol'd'crhtlling iiml :i!iiii'ft iiiipeiifirahlK ffirt-fts. 

A ccriaiii f|n-ric> iirgtucTiiinfiit is cftnblillicJ 
ill tven- pariiail.iT I'o^iciy, wlifh with lltUf va- 
riation i>frv:iih ovir tlic grc;iti'Il piirt of tliis ciin- 
tiiiFiiI. Thrir mnipiui-s inid rinili-t "f life lir.in^ 
iifMrly fitnibr, t'u nre liicir ci\il iniiilutiona n!fi>. 
Dtviiid fif nrla. rirlifs, or luxury, the iuKni-, 
mi'iiU of rulij'-ftidii 111 polillicd ('iHiely. a 
the iiiccin!vi*s lo obtain rule, ;iit Americmi lisa' 
an mt-a!i9 of retui-'mig liimrdt' cDufidi-rabli 
aniriiig hii cmintrymen, Imt 1>v n fnprnuritv ill 
pn-rmiiil r)ii;ilIliFit, or rnrtit.il rndowmenls, 

]iiit ns iiaturo hns not b(=en veryl:tvilh iii !icr 
diliinftioiia, :md tlur mpars of i-dutalioti arr il«i 
Jlime to all, tlii-re is a great dcgrut- of' emialily' 
among (Ik'hi, and ;) tliTirc to maiiitaiii it; HcliCe 
lih'.Tty is liic [irr.v.iiling jialiioii. to whiili aH 
(itlicrs arr riihr>-rviriili and llieir {jovimimcni, 
irflucrict-d liy l!ii< n-nllivipntj is an nflrfhi^llj- fe- 
riirr-d as by tlir wilcft piililii'iil regiilaljous. Tlifjr 
nrc I'nr, liowcvcr, t-niiii flcfjiiflng mi aulhnrity, 
vhii'h UiL-y coulkirr ;ia Icgitiniiitc, ur frnm ilif- 
cliiiniing n (iilijcftlon to its dt'rrws. Tlif voice 
of wil'dom is heard wiili rrc;jrd i tlii- e\p<=rimcc 
of tilt' ngcd is rcfpc-tli-d hv the vaang : and ihcr 
are rt-ady ta cnMii iintliT llu-liaiincrsof the chief 
whore prmvcfs liai niiiilcd him U< difiiru'linll, 
xihoir iiiiliiiir)' addrcfi hiu iufpirnl ilitni wilU 
criiiUdrTicc. 
ill fvtry trilii", tliirrt-friTK, vW^^oi^ir^ rS *ts 
gJc fiuef. or of thi; eo\V1,■a^^'; \io*"i oi \Vw A' 



i 



pmraiti; and us llicgtwcnmnMit iiii-liiiMniore to 
lilt one iir tin: udii'r, it iii:iy lie r<;g;ir(lit<i as nio- 
mrelikal IT ariltipcvnlical; but.t'iiuiidcdou iileur.s 
Civile. WIktc war is tlic liciiiifiit pert, the pow- 
er of the chicl'is pniluraiiwiit, l>tcaule tlie nfccl- 
fityofh/iviiiga leader was the origin ofMslupe- 
riorit.y; and ilie amumialexigeiK-iraol' tliC! Hate 
will coiiliiuie to hijipurt ami cidiaiirt- tlic riglil 
tu t'oiimiand, Till' jiowcr ui' ilic cliiiJ^raiii, how- 
ever, is raihcr kqit uji by pi'ilualuc arts, than 
coercive rdtraiiil*: he i.* if^crtiiLrd sm a iather 
rathiT ih:iu drcidfJ as a monaivh. ih: luaintniiis 
no guards, htr cuiiimandi no iHilinis, lu' appoints 
no officers of jiilUtf j and cnu- ai:l iit" iiiijiili \io- 
lenci! or iirbitr.iry I'May wciuldhurl liiiii Iroin his 
Milk and hit powLT. 

In tlic otiu'i' lomi of govcnimcnt, tlie power 
(if tin- elilcr^ is pqnallj" liniUed and (■M.-rrik-d for 
(imil.ir f!n!-i. In fonKi trilics, iiidct'il, ilnTe is a 
kiiid'ii'licrcdiiavv ariliiicracy,uhiL'li luiviiig gain- 
ed iniUit'iia- \iy liini', has pniportionablc tffc.iAs. 
fitiltliis luiirte of pL>« CT, fo iili'fVd in nalimislliat 
Bic civiliKrd, by whitli « c aiuK-x to ihtj dolccud- 
ant ttifr ru-rit of the aniTlior, is too reliued an 
idea to be vtry CDiiiiuon aiuiiiig tlie native* of 
Anifrira. In moit focie.iit's, ilnreforp, age alone 
(. rpji.'icni It) create rcl'prct. ialiiii'iite, and au- 
It is ii'^c which irathcs e\|K-ritfntr, and 
iii-e is tile wjly fouice of knowledge, 
ii people uiitvitored in art whicb antici- 
|..L,j ,iars._ 

Biifinefs is litre tvanrafttd willi a fimpUcity 
chich rtaliKCS the defcriptions-of early c.'jp,. 
Tbc li(ad?i L't UmiiUea aHi'tiiblc cin a Si^d'i a-^-^^wv^-. 
"Ifor ihr-purifA'c; and hi-iv \\\<i\'t; o^ vVc toA.i.« 
•ijoarv moll di/iiiiguirticd tof cVotYvvcntii o'' '^^ 



DESCRirTIOM OF TUB 

nm. have ao opportunlfy of Uil'pla 

ilcntB in tbe [jublic dil'culfion. The 

hr, flowcrj", ligiintivc, ftrong, biit nn 

Hi r)i[)rcHion, nccumpaiiies bis wordf 

ellJoniiing gpflurcs. Whrn tlie btifi 

attlied, Lln-y appoiut 3 ftaft on tlicocc 

jmoft tlif v'holc nation (lartakfs of 

licv pofli'l's- EvKry ffartisciUivencd w 

ki tt'liii-h Uic I'l-al'dr f.ihiilona exploit 

L-roesarcrecortii-ii. Tiitj hivc dance 

iking of the military charafter, and 

hf. CDiirtaiJt aicompanimeut of a fca 

jmcs, in their wide cvnirlions after 

JftetPtil naiitins mcpt. If no aiiimo 

riM-cen them, tlify behave to eadi 01 

Bolt frieiidly and eoiirtcons ftyle. I 

fcippen In hr. in a flate of liollility, 

fftcn itic cafe ; or if there has becii 

itcpcotuli- biUween ihem, for all w 

S-it-niU are deemed cneiiiiei, they difpl 

'ELvagc fnrv in initant fighl. 

War nn'd hurting arc the only occi 
DC men. As to every doitreliic con 
Igriciilinre. where it is attended to, 
province of the women. Among a ]nst 
here is fo little property, it might 



cars would he rnie. This nnfortu 
iliceafc. A very fimple canfe will 
l^ive rile to hoililitieu. An acddeiita 
re or interference, a dcfire to revetij 
ricnd, or to make prilbnt-rs to alUft ; 

a fiiffieient cxeufe for pruceeding 
Bes, Their war* arc cither underial 
ntr advenliircvi. Oi (V^ vhc \vi&-v.'.c;e. W 

imuiiity. In i\\e\au«t tiii-, sM 
bo are difpofcd to g^ wViVCic-^ 



eompvlled. give tlie chief 3 bit of wood, a* a 

. ' ' ■ that lliey will itHiid by him. Nolhmg !■ 
: ik«n or iranfLittcd without many furnm 
cc-reinoiiies. Theft; ,ire dcctncd faiTed and 
rnlial, anil are regarded as binding w hen once 

I'he deftined leader fafts fnr feveral dajTi, dur- 
ing which lie is (equeltered from company, ami 
indulges in tiiie vifioiiary bclkf of diciiui. 
which the licaicji imagination is apt to produce 
correfpoudeni. to tlie wiih excited, A variety 
of other fuperliitioH3 are pratlifed. One of the 
mod terrible we fliall parti culari if: ■ It is felting 
the war-kettle on tlie tire, at a fynibol of the 
deHraition that awaits their foes. Among fcinic 
nations it is certain that this fymbol had a prccife 
meaning. 1'hcy adually devourtd Ihol'e whom 
ihey took prilbucrs ; and now, M-hen this inhu- 
man practice is by no means very frequent, they 
preferve the emblem to roufe their indigtjant 

CBliions. Then they difpatcb a porcelain, or 
irgc (hell, to thpii allies, inviting them to unite 
and drink the blood of their enemies. The fame 
love, tlie fame rdbitmeiit animate friends : no 
cold medium is known. Friendihip and enmity 
lire here carried to the highelt pitch, Thi? is 
what nnay natiTrally be cxpcited from their pecu- 
liar circiimllanics : the more that principle, 
which is the ipriiig of facial atieftions, is reftrain- 
cd, the more violnUly it operates. The Ameri- 
cans, livitig in fmall focieties, feeing few objetts, ^M 
and knowing few perfons, beeomc cuihuiiaiii- H 
cally attached to Ihofe objeds and perfons, an J 
are mifrrable ;i-hen Uiey feci a l\e.'^■l\M^lV\tlV^- '^^^i 
contiucd lit (heir ideas, llieu V>te-\ft-i m*" "ivvc*^- 
tle ol' cx^mdinv to genera\ \>ew?Niiit'Ac*^\ *'*'* 
Vot.l. g^ *i<:&.f^ 




attioit*. - ■■ 

Haling finillied the previous ccrcmoii; 
war, llji-y liliii k ihf'T fnaw with diarcoa], 
tiiixed Willi llrcuks of ri-d, wliich gives 
n inoli fiTociuuj and horrid apptnnmcsij 
llicn c-stUaii<;H llitir dojibs Willi ihtir M 
uu<\ dil'iiok" 1.'! wlirtltvt'r arliclcs liiey villui 
aiiiiiiig tiic woJDcu, wlio iicroiiipai)}' itiei 
tliiiaim-, lo U'liivc thole pledges wtiovc, I 
lln-ir Iqianiiioii lierternnl. 

Wiir being iiiinnieiiccii, tht gr:vnd «jii 
nrc vigiliUiLC lo jirrvt-nt lurpril'i;, Hud ntti 
lu give; Dni- : aod in Uieft; rrfpttti ihe 
an: Aipcrior to nil oilier naliona, Accull 
a waiultring lile, llicir ptTcepti^ns Iha 
ki-cii urcfJiity, and in fvcry rclpc^ (' 
ii^iure, tlifir ejucmal fculcs have acquired 
grte of aciilcneJs whicli is almoil inert 
They can iracc tA\t ihrir enemies at an im 
"ihnce by the Imfll of their lirts, and by t|^ 
llit^ir ftrcli iint)e rc;'iilib lc tn an Eurot^^ 



[1 



ABORIGIKAL AMP.RICAKS. I7I 

tiling hy wliich ihcy migbl linzard a tiifcm-erj'. 
They rtlTiiin from the ufc of fires ; Hicy lie rlofe 
to the groiiiid bv day. ;iiid travel only hy night j 
tiQil adviinciii^ hi tiJeSj he who clofes the rear, 
covers wiih leaves the vefligM that are left. 
\\'hcn they halt for relreiliment, icouM are fent 
mit to rectmTioitre every Ipot %vhere an enemy c.in 
be eoniTalcd. In this manner, ihey eritfr ima- 
wares the territories of thtir foes; and while ihe 
flower of 'he men are pcrh;\ps abroad in hnnliiig, 
nwffacrr all the wnnif^n, children, and aged per- 
fons. or mnke piifontrs of as many as they can 
carry oil' or employ. 

But lliould tlie enemy be apjiriied of their de- 
fign, and advance to the eombar in nrmi, they 
throw themfehes flat on the gronnd among ihc 
withered herbs and leaves; and ftartinjnll ni onre 
from their ambiilh, wiih a iremendon^! Iliout, ufj 
(ail their foes. The pnwy attacked retnrns the 
&me crv. Where trees Ci\n be tifed a'i a (lielter, 
Midi retires behind one, til! prepan-d to rqieni the 
How i aiid tb\i3 does Ihe battle continue till one 
parly h (o fur wenkened, iw to lie incapable of 
tanhirv relitlance. Hut llionld the force on hoili 
fides remain nearlv the fame, the fierce fpirits 
tf the favages, inflamed by the kifi of their 
firicndi, can no lotiirer fiibmit to regular attack 
cr iirdinary preraiitinni. They abandon the diC- 
isnt war; they rtilh on each other ■with cKiba 
'" wul hatchets, m:i;^nifyi]ij; their owncoura£;c, and 
1115 the foe with Ihe mod: hitter inveflives. 
fjow appears ill n thoul'ami hidiiom forms, 
lis of any thing bnt revenge, tlwj \vj.w(^\^ 
le wotiiided ; thij infiilt tvcu \\vc itai-, '0^v"J 
thf^y ntiUnw in blood ■, anA e-icvv ftK-^i^' 
tin 'liclb with a mad ibrnelty. T\\e feavA'^ "*»■' 

a -2. 



jiTid (Icrii gloom. A mi-lTtnger prcce^H 
aiiil tlie wompn, with frie;)itfiU flirieks, «B 
tij mourn tlinr priiaie luiles. When thc> 
tiieir abodes, the cliici' in alow loiiei 
Uic ddurs a cirtumllantial account of I 
dition, wiiii nil ils iivrns. The orswr ■ 
clnimf, this intfllignii'e In the people ; am 
rMTOunts (he names of ihofe wlio have 
cries of the fcmiilts increale. The me 
iii the exprellioit of ibrrow. according \ 
comiefled w'llh the deccal'cd by the ties q^ 
or fiieiirflhip. The laft cfrrniony is ih 
mation of vidoty, Eacli individual tht 
vours to forget his private misfortunes. 
to eelcbrale the liiumphs of his tribe, 
flirleks are l'ufp*.'nded, the tears wiped awny 
by a wondevltil lianfition, liiey paf^ fro 
bitternefs of griof to tlie estrarag.mce of i 
Urm. But the trcnlineni of the. prifonc»i 
mains to be detuilrtli it in that whij| 
-■- — "-■- — ■--■--..- - I II I I M 



, atii 



lt<j 






^■». ft 

;inlin(int tsi 



;l 



w-hnt 

Thr 1 
i him t'l 
iftributitjii 

'Cll II {t to 



.).. 



=ri, 



III! 



couomiinilT- ii iiimt- i::') tx-iivr: Jlii 
his ii-M-irc-i wilt be iiirfnl In tliem, he 



and 
■A. lit 



- Atsi 



liiilcly iidiptrd iniii \i 
onpofiti iiuiiiiirr :ii ■ 
' h;ivc nn owitliuii in an' 
i'li'iiifiifiu {lit liir li'l'i 
E* them to I'rfk rc\- 

to it, ilif frntc'iL 1. 

hii niir. all mJio luvi- icniii.l ih.j I'ur 

Jliom arc foll*-i'*l('iI ; ami llir wlt'i'r- IMlit. 

ihlcili ai iflinrlclir.itr' li'Iil: 

,1. A rrttVul^l i. cn-itrii. ■-■. . ,__ 

, bfirg tirx\ 10 tlir fiiikc, c(inimi-ni-c tlL 
long, unci prqiari- fur tlirir -ijipmsrhinj 
Htli umLiiiiiU'd iiiiiid. Tlitlr unnrurrm^ 
ivngt^ ciifmRi, on ilii^ oilirr hanO, .if <ie 
icil in |iiU tl]cir<''iiiragc^ tn ihc [irimf, 1« 
loft nx<inilitr inrnirci, 'Wicy b''::in tlj 
fif (lentil »'■ 'li'' Pvir'Tnilifs o(* ilic bodji 
radually iip(irii;ii'h tliP vitaU. Oni' [iliu'L 
Ltt riaili (i(" dic! ciiplivc liy ii fli'w jimcpfil 
cr tp-ai-s ulf (hii tlcfh of a tingrrr widi lir 
niitl H tliird ilmilU iiif lacrr;iipd mnnbe 
- •' Kilt ]>ipp. which he r"i(ik< 
II jinilliil llli" t')t> aiul lit 
.ipacutit t\%CT &t'.'9 >iii; -i.'.-' 
and tvatr cAttX^'. afeviwV "&« 
II t Iw mutwiat \\*x\ftv *M>jj ' 



mbuwl !"■' ' ' 

lIl.lCll'. 

OJ'iPCT-Hlri , v., 

ijic-ir tn-lJl. 



wit 




Having torn off Uie fiefli, ihey nvifl lii 
nerves nrd tendons about an iron, learin] 
Ai.ipjiing them ; viijle others art wnplo)' 
lirciching the, limbs every way lliat ing< 
can devil'e, to incrcalc the torment. 'I'hia p 
continues for five or i\\ liours together ; 
is llir ftreiigth and forlitudeof favagca, 1 
fumctimcs been extended to days. 

To pratraft the work of death, they ffli 
unbind the captive, lo gii'c a refpite tu i 
ry, and to invent new inriiQitms. He i 
falicued lo the (loke, and ngnin they retiJ 
cruelty. Even amid the temporary refpiti 
fomeliraes give him, it hns been kaov 
profound ilcyp has overiukcn the victim, 
the application of fire v/att ncceiliiry 
him. He is riow ftiick over with nintcl 
wood, eafily kindled, but How in confur 
they pierce the body in every part withi, 
thc^y pull out the teeth, thry'fcoup out ifl 



eiplt( 



BIKAL AMEniCAffi. 11 

to tUc kettle, and a barharous ftaft U 

g up of this ililmai tr^iijcily. 

loft i^oiuitries the iuHuiic clianflrr is dil 
ifiicd for a Ibpyrior degree of fufinpft an 

ity J here tlic women if potlibic ouiilo t( 

this Imic of Ijorror, while the priiiripS 
s r>f iJie couBiry t'orm a circle ruuiitl it 

and fmokc on wldiout cmolloii. Ku 

I'll! iiioft farpriie is, dial the fnlTcrrr hir 

the intervals of Mb torments, fniokrs 1<: 
■nvfrfei ivith i ndificririce, Indrcd, fc-klo 

criian efcape liim nmirlft the moft aggr 
fiilffrings. He emliirrs lliem all with 
ilf and a confianoy more iliaii hmiian. Hu 
fieifcs \\\i mind iinmuvedi not a liiftorlioii 
bcLraj'B tlic ai)i;ui(]] hf nidures. He 

his csplnils; he lioalls what crnclticB IJ 
HiMtil un their totiiitrymcn, and nieiiiic^ 

ilh the revenge that will atti-tiO his dr;ill 

I f-xafpcrated to niadncls hy bii tfl 

cs, lie continues his inliilts, njiliraic!!! (bit 

heir ignorance in the fricnce nf tornifiii 

ami points out more cfHcudnii* meat 

the vvomtn poHtfls the faiup degree of rc.l'a 

and torture ; to I'lilli-r wiihoui emotion 
idci llic glory of an Indian. SiR'h is ti 
of inbred babitsj and a fcfocioim third < 



Lave dwelt (he larger on thcfe drcun 

i of rmelty, bccaufu tliey illullratc a po(! 

I'c wUli to enforce, Dc-gradlng as fiicli 

Jare to human nature, theyfliouid not'l 

r iti vain. Such an iiironrcivahle degree > 

rity, paflions carried tii IwtW a ijwtUi^VK 

mm is \% il/inut the irefttiCTW;ti\a oS V*:vd 

uYv ihc i-alue of a conAvv.Oi. v^fi.viK 



!"8 DEsrnii'TtON ov ti 

ihiT (fiflntr^ of ChrilHn:iit>'. TI 
IiiMvrtilv rtliginri tt-:vt'lic* i.<im|ia( 
rucmies, wliii'h is nritlvr rti-'omii 
tilKI in uihcr inliimiioii!i. Biit 
prclVtoQ« i>l' a pure reli!;ion wilt ! 
tlMply i'cll, and ihrrrfoir the mo 
wi" ,ir<: not /I lil'li- iiidclitrJ In the- li 
tiirr. If. ilu- ititcrcmirfr of cuiiuiicri.- 
arls (if (-iviliiutiiiii, Ibf tlnit jire-tT 
f'v.ii'.r lik' wliich it is "iir felicity t^. 
IIiDic ,1 iLiiitiiges, eombiiicii willi rt 
tlir ttif,,; li t.ikcn from (lur nntural ' 
li IV lU (if our Ipmpers is fuVultu-d. 

'lilt- hifiory 'jf liiiintiii tiiiliire dcK 
a r'riii'r"r niiurfift ihaii this cniell 
iliiirf with V hom the 
iiU oftlidmiri-i^ioii It) 
iiiiil 1 lit ir, ill ,111 cxteoiird fciifd, criuf 
w lin t.irri ihn \'.it\ic fofirty, or arc y 
iiiKc: Willi it. Their indilHlirt uutii 
priipcrty may piiriiiilly acaiLint f 
more is 1o be Lifcribcc! to tJic fore. 
BUadimeiit. It h not onlv with t, 
ihnt ihcy nre ni\Ay In fcr\e tht'ir f 
Jlvi:*, llieii' honour, ni-e dcxited tu t 
their hoi lies, iheirpruvififiusievcTi ih 
men nre freely coiilVrreil tni their pi 
I'rii'iuHwTiiunliirwriil'til in hunting? 
fuih-df h:i'j hi"; hut been d!-lir(j)-cd 
lircf He tW.h tin (iihw cIP-d cf 
liinii ;i» it glvrit hiin iiti ti{>purtimi^ 
tije hi.*ni-\irlfiii'e and veg.ird nf hi| 

Kilt 11) ihe f-iiemies iii lits uniiciiif 

iMfr iiffcdiiti', »H'- ,\mttncniv\i,i\w\i 

■"■' iiflis hiti ■ftiuiUiwuVft^ awA \« 

ij;f-, wliiriu-vrr vl^tXi^^*' ";an 

jHjLrnng; aim. Nu \r\v«.».U tAM 



iiioh 

licifl 



bis rcfentracnt : no UiltHDcr of placr to pro- 
tlic otijed vi his fury. He crnflea inourt- 
ijLiia, Jic pierces fpfell*, lie ira^rrles bugs and de- 
lerii 1 biMring the indemenuj' of the fcafoii, tlie 
ftligiie I'f ihe cxpediiiQii, ajid the estrone* of 
hunger and Lhirli with pnUiMii cheerful uelV. in 
liupps of furpriliug his eneniy, and of cxecutiag 
hi» horrid rtvengir. Such are llie extremes of 
Ineiidlhip and enmity among favagcs; and all 
lining but uutulLJvalcd miuds fixl Uic fame ge- 
i;ernl bias. 

Eui wliat wi- have hilhcrlo faid of tJic flreiigth 
tif ihcir fricadihip conveys but a faint idea of the 
full extent lo wliith they carry thiii lovely virlue. 
ll ii noi only tbe living, but the dead wlm are 
the objetls of Bllachmenl aird regard. When 

K member of the foctety is cut off. he in ta- 
tcd by the whole with a thoufand denioitlira- 
s "f genuine forrow. One of the moll re- 
lUDikable ceremonies ufedon (lii.s mr.lancholy oc- 
Cafion, aiid which difcovers both the iiileiirencli 
Biid the tcntiniiance of the-'r grief, is wiiat they 
tienomiaaie the feart of fou].-*. Thi^ day of aw- 
ful fomi is appointed by puWic ordix ; and no 
care is negleded to render the celebration mag- 
nifitenlly folemn. The neigbbouripg tribes are 
invited lo join in the folemnity. On this occa- 
fion, iill who have died iince liie lali conimemo- 
ratinn (which is renewed every eight or ten years) 
are diiintcrrcd, and brought to the general reiv 
dezvDus of corruption. 

1( is iiiipollible to defcribc the horror of llii« 

Cwije in more lively terms lliaii thofc which Lafi- 

tau has ultd. Unqucftkiiublv. i'^'V*'■'^^^^^^ tj^"Sr 

iog (if iliel'e tomb-; difpUyii owe oi iVt-roti'i.^'i'J*-- 

MJf fixaen liiat can be coiiCcweA-, \\\!.'iV«n^'^'< 




wlthi'fcd i others hnve a fnrt ofpSrtHH 
lljtir limirs ; i'lime Iiiok ui iC tJicy were lial 
(iii'ikfd, witimiit riny upiJCiiratitt til" pul 
loiiif !ire jtili viTging ti> tiif puiul ol piitrd 
vliiii' riilit-rs HR- rviannlrig with uoniH 
rn"l'> el I'urruptioti. i know not wiiiclia 
lirike W- laoli; the hnimr uf I'uch a 9 
lighi, or ihe luudrr pity and nfliition* 
[lour proplf! iiiwntds ihcir dcparttd friend 
iiuliiiiig 'li-icrvcs our admiration mure, th 
ciigrr -/.i-.il Slid aHenlioH wilh ivhidi tl 
cli,iri,'u tills iiiclamJiuly duty of tlitir re 
liii-ri^ia; lip cnrcfidly even ijie minutf 
lijimiimg the cnri-aiVs, dii'^ufthi! as ihcj 
cverv ilt'iig lorltilonic, flfaiilitig lllem fl 
WunlUii and t:^nyU■g tlicm nil llicir ft 
Uiniuf^h [irt'ltiiup jounieys of fw-faTil day: 
uut fiuLinj; under (Jicir biudcji, or tht 
livi.ncl6 «f liic Imcll, ami wiihtjut fiiftV-r 
lolions 111 ititnidp, b\il iliiilL' lit" tfvre 
,r l„lt „, i-il.,K f.. aAii- l.i lh.-m ill lilr. 1 



11 II 



of the fiminlp* pmvr, ihnl llicy arc. prnrtraled 
..,.1, .1.,, (i.-rpcft furrow. TIic lifrri! arr thca 
' be re-inteiTi-cl. A larger pit is lUig 
'1 i and Ihiilii-r, at a certuin lime, 
ittnidrd hy li!s tiimil}' ami iViemls, 
III ii)lcinn lUfnct, bearing ihc diifl of n 
il tpiiJer rel.ninn. Whrn Ihcy air all 
.1, tlie de.iri bodies nrc drpolilert in ihc 
ihev, with wlint v^Ui;iblt;s (lirymoftcf^ 
. md even ih'? prrlVnt^; nl" ftniiRcrs j o»iJ' 
torrent of grid' breaks OMt ufrclii. Af- 
IclVtiid into the pit; and cath I'up- 
with a link': of the canh, ivhii-fi is 
■ i wilh religions car'-, Tlict bodies, raiig- 
ilw. Bfe I'ovo-red with frclb f jri, and over 
;h b.irV. on whlth thi-y heapwouil, rnrili, 
irs. Tbrn taking a bll ndicii, lln:y re- 
turn to their homt's. 

Wk liiivf jvift obfenxil, iliat the Indbns offer 
fuiwnil I'V'trnt'* to the tirad ol' whatever tliry 
Value ni'tli highly. Tbis iinivcrial ctiliom amang 
Uicm, and which U diircminated ovtr varions 
psns of the world, where there exills nocuinmcjfi 
origin nortven accid!.-nt;il ccnnmMniciiiirjii, ^rifea 
frnm a rude notion of tJie immortality of the 
li)ul. This doftritic is firnilv Ivlieved iimong 
the Ainerifana ) and is the hafis iifall ilu'ir rdi- 
gion. When Uic ibnl is feriarated frniM tiic 
body, ihey conceive that it (till continues to 
heit-r round it, and to require, and taltc Uelitjlit^ 
in the fame things as were furmrrly Wo^eit.' 
Afirr a ciTtain period, how-ever, ihi-y fiijipole 
thai it fcrfikes ihi^ drciry (l.nc, and wins;* ita 
ilight far \velhfani into the Vii\A i.i ^vu\v,s, '^'c<( 
ktircven m.ide dii'i:HmmzX\(iT\,\wi\\v\K i;i>;<A,v 
he other world ; lomc, patU'.^:ia.t^*J cww 

^ Sl'WV 




BKSrBirTtON OF TUB 

rior*, Uicy imagine pDlfelk a high dcfjrcc i 
clicity ill another litr ; ciiji^ a (Intioii for limit 

Iiig and filliitig wliidi tn^vcr laiU; and piiicrl 
into the fruiLionof eiL-ry I'fiiiual ddight witiimitj 
tlic labour of piirfiiil. The fuids of ihiilc. m»J 
^Kthe coiilrari', who h.ive iicted dallacdly or bee 
^^ninfui'tiinati.- in war, tht.) Tct down as extreme 

^Hmirccaiiic. 

^^^Thiu the ftiidy tif war, which forms t\io{ 

^^dpal iugredicnt in liieir charafler, (iceply lino 
I turea their n-liglnii alfo ; Ardkoui, or the God i 
I Battle, is the luprcnic drity of the Indians. Hia 
I they invoke before they talte the field ; and at 
I cording as they fancj-, he h moru or lefs ptofii 
I Uous to their entrciilicj*, they conclude (heit mi 
I terprifes will he more or let's luceelsfnl. Souiq 
I nations pay adoration to the fun and moon I 
r among otliers arc many traditions relative to ibo 

^ creation of tile .world, and their peculiar th«i-l 
gony. In point of ineonftlleney and ahrnrdil)'^ 
tliefc txudilions outdo the Greeian fables. Bu 
religion 19 not the prevailing charatler of tlii^ 
I people 1 and except when they think they ha« 
ioiniediale occalion for the favour of tJie godfj 
tbey pay them no kind of homage. Like alT 
rude nations, however, they are lirongly addid*] 
*id to fnjjerftitioa. They believe in the eKiileiic 
*f 3 number of good and bad fpirits, or gcnitJ 
who control the alfairs of men, and have Ibe dilT 
Iributlon of happinels 01* mifcry. U is from ih^ 
cVil gaiii) in partieulari that their mabdiet ati 
luppofed In proceed ; and from the good, that 
Viey cxpcft a cure. The rainifters of iIk* genii ' 
arc the jugglers, wliw art aVte \l\c onl^ phyfi- 
i-'ans anioag the iVuies'icaivs- "^Wfe >i,cii 'vmmI 

kglne to be iufpired \iy x\ic t''*^ ^•i^'^^. to»'&j 
: 



■^ 



AIOKIOIMIL AHMICANI. 181 

Kiontjr in tlieirdreams, with ihc gifi orprcrdcnccf 
aud ate Uierefore culled in to (he Rllinnncc of 
the tick) wbofc faie Ihey are judged mpablc erf 
prediaiuff, by the intciK-ntion oi iltrir tamiliai 
^iriu. But thofc invilible ngcnis arc ciirt-mrly 
fimple in ibcir lyflem of phylic ; they direct ili« 
juggler* to treat all difraies nenrly in a fimilsr 
UMUner; and, perhaps, tlie rimplkit)' uf medical 
^Hcriptions it the belt I'ecuiity nf the palient, 
fflRfi where men have gained all pollible know- 
ledge in the healing art. The lick Indiitn U ge- 
iicralty tnclolcd in a narrow eabin, in ihc ntidll 
of which is a Rone red hot ) on tliis tliey pour 
Iv^tcr till he ii well foakcd with the warm Huid 
and his own perlpirntion. Then they hurry hiiu 
from tlie bagnio, and plunge him fiiddcnly into 
Ihc nc^rcll river. This coarle mode of ticat- 
mcni performs many extraoi-dinary eurcs, while 
it likewifc hurries numbers to tlie grave. The 
jugglers have alfo the ufe of Tome noftruiua o£ 
wonderful efficacy ; and almoin every lavage i* 
dexieroui in the cure of woundi. But ihc aids 
of magic are always called ii>, to give power lo 
ifae application of remedies. 

Though religion is not a very prevailing fcoti- 

Bieiit among the favages, religious impoftors are 

nuucaeroui here as in any country ; and fome 

^Hiem aft their part with much dexterity and 

Hfcclii. Thefe, when their charadter is ouwi 

cAablinied on the popular belief of their fnper- 

aatoial powen, not only prel'cribe laws and ob- 

Jarnutcea. but even undcttake to unfold the 

I of futurity, and to foive and interpret 

i and dreamt. Thcj-, in ^cneval, reqtefcnt 

^Uier world ai a p\acc ^jcrKviu.'R^'«\'^'& 

aiitiiblc plemj ot ev«| \iivo.^ isSnixJ- 




W«j 



] 



162 DEBcmmox or ths 

luid Uiat iLe full and rxquifite grati^ 
lUl ihe li-.nfes (lijiU he the reward of tli 
Ui*:')' prctcribr,. Jimcc tlie Indiani mrcl 
with a iloical apatUv, Ihe news, Uwt thi 
but a icw hwviis to lixc, communicates no 
All American, on ilic brink of ctcrnil 
raiigucs Ilia t'iimily iiDd friends 'wiili fpti 
compofure ; and gives his il/ing advice w 
incBc rolkdU^d mind, as if lie wai dire€ 
daily occup.itiona. 

U will immidiatfly be rcccgnifed, tl 
jiri'ccding remarks apply chit^y to the 
American lodiana. In our account of t] 
qucHs of Mexico and Per\i it appeared, |] 
fifiginal inhabitant; ot South America we 
ilill'crent. Such of the inlialutants of tl 
world .IE firll fell under the obfen'stion ni 
peans, dilltrrcd eflentially from thofe 
juil dol'ci'ibcd, and from the generality 
in tlic ancient hcmilj>here. They diftis 
features unil cotiiplcxioii ; they were no 
averi'e to toil, biit apjiarently incapable of 
iiig it ! and wht'D Airdhly roufed from th 
livi; indolence, and corapc'led towork, the 
under talks %\'h:tti the inhabitants of 
world would hsve executed with 
imbecility ot cunftituiioB I'cemed 
South America. The Spant.irds were 
with the nwderation of their sppetvies fa 
Tlie conllitutional teniper.iitco of the iiati 
exceeded the moll rigid abftinencc of mc 
liermitsi whiJc?, on tlie otiier hand, tile jip 
of the SpaniKrdi apixtnrcd to tiieni iii&ti*! 
radeias} and thi:y aftiin\cii, lUsit one -Em 
would con&iOiti luU times is ixivk.\i -liAV 
Vut though thdi- dcmatvii ^ctt in oi 



J 




■ ogriciiUuie was iL'srwly equal to their ovra 
nftunpcion. Many of IIip SouHi Araei-ican 
na lives confined ihcir indulirj- tii ihe rciiritig of 
LAie»' |)^inl-i, wliich a guuiul foil and warm cH- 
^^pte imrturt'dn'ithaut much ctri?. 
^^lu iliort, till- iiiiirtbilants 'if South Amcricn, 
_coinpaml with thofi- of Uic Norih, are gcntrrajly 
LilDM: fti^ble in ihdr fr^imi-s, nml Icfs vigorous in 
^^Kir i[i«ital elfurls. 1 ht-ir fpirit \s man- iiilkl 
wKSA gentle i but thryarc eiier\'atfd by indolence 
jud a love of pleal'ure, and liiiiid and irrcfolutc 
^^Bll their piirfiiiti;. 

^H|n South America, the natives had made fomc 
^frogrefs in relinement ; in North America, nei- 
ther the foil nor tht- climate was favourable for 
i luxurious indiilgt-ncics ; and, therefore, the cha- 
isflcr of the nativea is more ftrongly marked. 
And polTclies more enei'gj'. If, however, wc 
proceed lo tlie countries bordering on Cape 
Horn, vc. Iliall find lite fnjne hardy race as in 
the forefts of the north. Climate hns more in- 
fluence on human natvire than fome arc willing 
lo allow ; and tliuugh the viriiit^s of t!ie foul 
' may ex i ft in any. the energy boLli of the body 
and tlie mind will vary with extremes. Under 
tlic jiolc and the line they are cither cramped by 
cold or enervated by Jieat : in the temperate 
zone.H, throughout the known world, man has al- 
I trays made the greateft progrefs toward'* perfee- 
I tion i where neither peculiar iiitUtutions nor 
' modes of education have tended to cramp or de 
faafc; the natural faculties with which he was 




Kl ^^^ 



1 



FrnST VOYAGE 



OP 



VASQUBZ DE GAMA, 



TO THE 



EAST IJiDIES, 

WITH A PRELIMINARY nISSE UTATION ON THB A* 
IrCTDENT niSCOVERIES OV THE PORTUGUESE. 



THOUGH the polflrily of the inagnel hail 
been difcovered abniit 1300, it was not ap- 
plici! IQ the inirpnfra nt" [lavigation Cill 1-105, 
when (lie Pnrtuguele fesm to Lave converted 
*hat was licfbre an objeft of ciiriofity onl)', into 
1h rjigine the moll ptiwertiil and iJic moll ult* 
ful in the hiftor)' of human inventions, 

PoiFelTwi of liich a difeovery, fayonnbly fih!- 
sted above all oilier nations for maritime adven- 
liinri, and lioiiig animated with the Ijiirit of cn- 
[rrpriie, it is not lo be -wondered at, that the 
I'orlngucle earl)' gained celebrity for CKpcdilions 
by ivii, Tn'liicli at laft coufed other nationa to fol- 
low the fame career. 

It was, howrixr, to the zeal and magnanimity 
of the Infant, \3i-w Henrj', the fifth Ion of King- 
Jobo, that thi; nation Oands indebted tVir all the 
glorv' tliey have aeqiiired hy theiv ii\'ic>a\w\i;^'(K\ft 
conqvcdi in the oriental rec,iuT\ft'. w\&-»i\«iV \* 
e/ra/ri our admiration is, vWv t\ vV\^ '^^'(v*^'*''^'^ 

tig, a dangerous civil war W4. \ittX yv*- '" 
B 3 »:^^^' 





18fl riMT voTtci er 

compolVd. The power ot the Xing, too, vts i 
from being great j bis firfinc« were extremely 
lou.', and his counOy fo indiflerently peopled, 
thai he wa( obliged to have rccoutfc to plher 
nations, for men to rccnilt bis armie*. and tO_ 
mnlic up the cninplcment of his fleets. Noe 
■werr ihel'e eonfiderable, when compared with! 
the tiavJM employed by the King of Spain tni ', 
the Republics of Italy, Yet under nil ihefc dif- j 
advantages, the fpim of trade and navigation] 
not only fpran^ up, but grew and profperedij 
■nd this too while many of the liatefmen werej 
Bvcrfc tofuchundertakinga; weighing raiberthaJ 
certain expence, than the probable gain. BuM 
the leal of the clergy overcame ihe oppofiiion of 
the nobiliiy ; they were infpirdd with » ical for] 
prrtpagaiing the ChriDiiin religion in new couti* 
triei, and they promoted their difcovery to ihel 
utmoit. 

By balancing the powers of (he Portugucfel 
with the conquefts they made in the eali. we 
ihall be ted to entertain a very high opinion of 
Iheir exertions, and of the beneficial confr-j 
quenccs which refultcd from their fuccefsful^ 
difcoveries. 

Don Henry, the patron of enterprife, was 
prince endowed with all the great <inalities' 
wliich dirtingiiifli heroes from ordinary men. 
lie had manifcfted his courage, in bis youth, in 
his wai« againft the Moors i but his mind wa» 
t™ noble to value himfclf on the arts of deftrue- 
tioQ, however fplendid. He wilhed to profecuie 
on]y (ach deligna as might be benehcial to the 
human rare. 
-Animated with this TctH\viV\fln, ^e HiaAs.Vis 






SBt whitii the Kiug of Caflilc had made t9 
dot dc Belhanceurl. This gfnilemfla, for a 
lablc coDridcratifjii, refigncd his righu into 
ihanils of Prince Henry, ahoui HWS. Fm- 
lind Ac Caltro, at ihat lime niafler cf tta 
c's boui'ehold, was fent to lake pulTcJBon of 
Hiiving now got the key to i!ie coafl of 
ra, lie foon began to fit out fiiip^ lor difcc* 
in thai ijiiarter, and m.inncd ihfm wiili th^ 
i able navigators he ccuW procure, 
Sie utmoft limiu of the continent of Africa, 
fowards the fouth-wtfl. at lliat lime kno^^ti lo 
the Pottiiguefe, was Cape Chaonat, called alfo 
Cape Non. It projefts from the fool of Mount 
Atlas. The veifeU now fent out prowedcd about 
two degrees farthtT lo Cape Bojndorc i but tlicy 
lljdnot courage to double it. In 1416, Trillnn 
^H dil'co^ered the Ille of Porto Santo, 1'li« 
afn year, ihe Portugiiefe fell in with ibc v»lu- 
ablt illind of Madeira, to which they rave that 
natoe, from lie being covered with woou. 

In 1439, a Portuguefe captain doubled Capo 
Bejadore, which fomeconfider an the Cape Cana* 
rca of Plolemy. The next year ihcy veniured 
yet farther lo Cape Blanco; and foon after dif- 
covcred the Bio doi Oro, witli fevenl lOiuida on 
\hecoa&. 

Nuno Triflfln doubled Cipc Verd in i446i 
and two>'ears after, Gonialo Vsllo failed U> the 
iflaiids known by the appellation of the Aiort*. 
At that lime they were iinjnhabilrd , nnd were 
titled by this commander, who did not, how- 
ever, vifit tlie iflands of Florea and Corvo. ThcU 
wfK aficrii'.irds occupied by lQvvit^Mtiwi>, 

Ja 244g. the Cape Verd \ft»v\A* vnwr *;\^twrt-^ 
y«d« the pairona&e oS iitju. ">'^^^'^vj]ij3| 



iBft >I115T VOYACK 

progirfs iTwdp by ih.il princr g^ 
tion In lii'" liivcrrign nf Pnrtti 
vmrd h» z«al, made him a gnnj 
P()Ti<i Santo. T!ic lufant, hm 
rcniuIUc, aL'CDRling to llie pri^ 
to obt'in tlie faTKiUoii of the He _ 
tiaw ihU, he frnt an .imbaliffK'.cr ta*. 
Th'" Holy Father, hiiiig well dil'|x 
that which coft him imihitig, truiV 
111 thcitm'.vT of Portugal of «ll tl 
diir"W.*;«i ill that direftion W thr 
Pupal bull is daird in Hi-1, andv 
roiiiirnicd by rhnc of his liiwi 
hiiwrvrr. E^'T rifn lo ferious dilpil 
Jiulgiug from the reverence tli 
rourt iif Rome, wc mnft cuiifHi 
Henry ihcwi-d mii>h political fn; 
iranfjftion. Poi-, hy pri'landina 
iriM were to be dilpoted of at t6 
(tire of Rntne, he fecurcd his 
to wlialei'er he deraandfd ; and ] 
that whatever was ftneti<inc;d bv hi 
infaUibty be lupporled by the thor 
tican. This great prince diejl in 1 
tinent of Africa under his aufpiLt 
difcovered from Cipe Non to Cap« 
which laid the foundation ol* all I 
acquifitions. 

In 1-171, Pedro d'Efcovav difo 

of St. Thomas nnd Prince'a Illai 

ter Anno Rueno, nnw corruptly c» 

in I48.1, Don Cam, a PortngiioCf 

a>;iii ofPnngQ, and having receivi 

filar a ChriiWan prince tciootA v 

'T'agnifii:A liis jjoww (o much oti 

•'olm II, whio was then on iVt ti 



lan<f 



VASftUEZ DB CAMA. IB^ 

Iwe tiuflv mtiTcngcrs to afccrtain fhc truth of 
whnt he kid heard concerning this Chnlli:irt 
prin<"e, whom he judged to be Prefter John; and 
at ilifc lame time to gain more laijsfaSory 3c- 
couats of the ftate ot" the Indies. The perfotis 
who were intrufted with this charge were Pedro 
de Covillan and Alphonfo de Payva, who h.id 
firiS orders to commit to writing whatever they 
rieemed worthy of remark ; but more p:irticulnr- 
W, the fituaLjon of places, and the navigation of 
die coaft of Ethiopia, by which it was rightly 
conjcftured, a new route might be found to the 
Indie*. Our travellers being perfcS ma Hers of 
Ihe Aritbic tongucj proceeded to Aleicaiidria and 
Cairo, and from thence to the port of Aden in 
Arabia, wher* they had an opportunity of con- 
verting with traders of all nations, and many na- 
tives of India. This enabled them to aceumu- 
late a vaft quantity of ufeful information, which 
they thought would be highly gratifying to the 
king. Here they judged it expedient to fepa- 
rate : the one to make a tour of the Indies and 
the other to proceed to the court of Ethiopia. 

Accordingly, Pedro de Covillan fet out for the 
Indies i and having made an csaft map of the 
toafts, crofled the fea to Africa ; and after hav- 
ing vifited fome of the principal ports in the 
Arabian Gitlph, arrived at Sofala, fully convinc* 
ed, from many concuiring lellimonies, that » 
Diori and eafy paflage might be found to the 
eaft, round the continent of Africa. Elated with 
'hefe lentiments, he made the beft of his way to 
Cairo, where he hoped to rejoin his companion. 
But he had theforrow tohear,lha^^ft^'ft'^^iV-ii 
fcfcfl murdered on the toad lo 'B.^.\^\TO^^■ ^"^ 



hbstTotigb nt 
nc t'lnie he was iTrefolutr how lie coiiM hefij 
^Itil tbe nbjcfls of hi* mifTian | bitt aflertna-j 
src rcfieftioii, lie determinciS to acquaint the] 
iiig by U-tier of the difcovcrK-s he hat! iundc;l 
nd tliiit to purfiir his route to Ethiopia. Tbisl 
fcl'oliitirto flirwcd his zeal in the raufc in Athichl 

■ w.i* fng.igp'l, and his anlffiL delire of l'nti!f)'-| 
bg the prince he ferrcd. He begsn hU fiicond] 

irncy with the fame good fortune ;!s hc1is4j 
KrcuM the firft; and -vm irxtretriHy well fc-[ 
ii\rd hv Alexander, Emprrorof AbTliinia, \l'li«l 
Was itinrh flaltered by the profpetl nf the friend' 
fliip nf fiich a powerful prioce as ihr Kingt)£j 
I'onugiil J and promift-d to difpatih tbp timh 
dor wilh letters expreffive of ihiit iinpre 
However, Ale-K3ndc.i- dying fuddeiily, hi* fucc?l 
_{i>T not finlv treated Covillaii with OTolnels, bull 
fith difrelpeft and cruelty; refiifed biin IwttI 
I return homi . and detained htm till it was eon- J 
lllded in Portugal, that fonie fatal accident h»i\ 
efailen him. However, he lived to reco« 
erty. 

While his PoTtiiguefe Majefty endeavottr 

liii a due kntiwlrcigc of the Hate of the Indiol 

land, he wa? not inattendve to the proft-CUlifflll 

■ the fame ohjeft by fea. To fatilitale tliif dc 
^n, he employed Barthoiomew Di^i, one of hill 
SurtieiN, to proceed ftill farther along the coaft] 

Africa. TliJ'; man, to great prudeiicc sndJ 
ep ikill in navigation, united invincibk cou-l 
■ge i and In I486 he executed his comniiflioaf 
Hth equal conduft and fiicccfs. He carried out 
With bim feveral ni-groe"!, who had lone 
Is fervice: \hefe W ^tf^ v.fl\ovc at ■ 
Ices, well dirffei anA taivCAici "wiV^ ^T'lfij 



VASaUBZ DE tiAUA. I[)l 

oods, on piu-|]orc to sllorc the oadve! by Uie 

how of kiiKlncli and genertjJity. 

A/ter coatiitig iilimg, farther than any navlga- 
or bad hitlierii> dcme, he iirrivcd in ^icw of n 
ofty cape, M'liiTt iDBtiing wilh aioll uufnvour- 
ible wealher, anil Idling hti viftoalling b^ik. Ills 
Tcw muliiiici:!, on the prctCAt lh;ii ftomu and 
amine were too much to encounter at tmci'. 
lul the captain reprerFnted to ihim, tint iLe 
"ormer could noi be ui'caped by r«uining, and 
hat tlic only means Ihey had of jjiijvcntiMg llic 
utter, was to proL-eed till lliey could reiitii I'onie 
ilace where rtficflinient* wurc (y be had. He 
lius prevailed on litem to double the cnpi", »iid 
;o fail I'ome diflancp beyond it, where he erefted 
I ftonc crofs, as he h.id done wbt-rever he tmicli- 
iA along the coail, by way of taking puirdiiuu in 
3U mailer's name. Having obtained a Imall 
Jipply of proviliims, he returned ; nnd had the 
jtwd furtuue to fall in wilh his ftore fliip, iu 
ivhich, of nine mm left when tbey parted, only 
ihrec fiirvived, and one of ihel'e died of joy at 
)■,....,, ™ !|,e captain. 

I perfonning a voyage of fisteeo months 

t.L..i i^vi.ii days, and dil'covcring upward* of one 
khoitfdnd miles of the coaft beyond the former 
P'- • '.r: arrived al l^iiboii in December I4ti~. 
ig given a full detail of his espeditieii, 
■ idiirly infilled on ilia danger and difli- 
had t'ouud iu doubling that Huperidoua 
'"iiiiiiMiiory, which he named Cabo Tormuitofo, 
r the Stormy Cape. But tUr king, from the 
jlit* thrown on the fubjeit by Covillan's letters, 
iiieh lull arrived I'.ifc, knew \\o"M vo iuv'Kv a 
jit fU'.fginent of (he vaVue of ^K\s &^cui>3-ii 
■Jthesvthrs coiled it Calig *lcl BM'iO.'a. liifi^ 



itfl riBST voYACE or 

xa, or the Cnpe of Good Hope *, » name which 
it has ever rcliined. The coincidence b(iw«: 
(he Hccounls of the navigator and ihc ambnirid 
convinced iho king, that the pall'agc was now 
open i and that one voj'agc niore would com- 
plete the dilcoi'ciy of 3 dircA palTage by fes 10 
the Indies. 

But while John Involved tliis great defign In hi< 
mind, and bufjed hinirelf in contriving the nicaui 
ot' accompli ihing it wiih honour to himfetf anJ 
advantage to his coimlr>", the Eternal Ruler of 
all called hitn lo another ftaCe of being. In ht| 
Ua illnefs he nominated his coulin, Don EmS' 
nucl, who had alfo married his tiller, hii heir and 
fiicceflbr. 

When this princeafi-endcdihethrone of Port 
gal he wai in ibe tliiwer of hij age, and poliHTt 
lUofe qualities, in an eminent degree, vhich di, 
ntfy a king. He had an excellent capacity, mac! 
ppiielratiuii, and a coitcft judgment j but, poircf 
ing an amiable diilidence ot' his own abiiitiei 
and being well aware, that the cxecailon of hi 
predeccllbr's proje^s would be attended with 
large espence, he privately declined entering 
into them without confulting his council. 'ITi' 
ftatelmcn being, however, put in poflcllion of « 
the infoitnation that had been colleflcd. cil 
by the reigning prince or his eoufin King John, 
were eitremcly divided in their opitiioni. Some' 
preJTed him to purfoe the ftcps of his anceitot*. 
and 10 complete with glory what ihry had begun 
with reputation i while others vehemently op 
poied the profcculion of this delign ; riuI 

It is with tht (Inciicft twi^S i&'ion \\iE ww.i.i n.t<E£a,il 
fhiM tjlujliie Ciot ii ivj-*; in tVie ^iSSsCattH (iS 'a* 
.ictnxin low ^Iweniuiwuit'- 



IW ■ 




fifle* lie wai HUailtd, as i« ufiial, v\\h frieh 
uJibU: argiunwils, llint ni-itiior intild roniutc 
other, and rearuii liuiig in tliu b^iLincc of 
ca(c. 
I'he advocaies for the newniivigflUon contend- 
Jtliat tlie (.■oitiimTLc of tlie e.iil h.ul Ih-ch the 
rce of wcaltli ami power lo every cnipiic lliai 
■d ]i(ifl'cii<;d it ; llut I'rnvidini'c li-cmcd ro have 
[irciwii til it into llic ln[i of thi-ir n.ition, and 
refon:, It wimld neither he lii>iioiir;ibli- hot 
aniageous to rcjcft it ; llial ihi- ■hirf diflicul- 
I were now o\eimme, and fi-.iri'cW any ihifig 
haiiied bill to lute pofffflioii of whut all liic 
rid was eager to enjoy, ihoiigh iionr but ihiiil- 
_ i*s knew luiw lo rcndi i lh;it the cngtofiiiig 
rit'h a Irr.dc to P(irliig:il wonUl balance the 
TOW liniitfi of its I'oi ereigiily, JinJ i»iil it oti a 
kl witlt,in iiion- I'oiint nelglibdurs [ that, in 
i, I hcrp \i as tio |pf» danger to he apiirfhctided 
nh.indiiiiiiig the lUfign, lh:Hi bintiit to be 
rtled by its jirofeciilioii ; lilice it was jiroba- 
tiicir :]ni!iitiou'i iit-ighboiArB, tlit- S|>nrii.irds, 
uld purfiir and ;Krom[ili(li lliis griitic) fiheme ; 
thus ciiiibie rhcm rn vH'i-A whale\cr the 
[of power jiilglit (frnpt tlicni to Iry. 
^n the Diher (lUe, it was alleged, ihat there 
many things mure apparently neccfibry 
he Tvdi-being of Porliigal than fuch cnjieii- 
cxpedilions, which involved an wnccrtaiii 
^, finer much hind rcnwiiicc! lo he coltivat- 
Bt home, and fueh internal impiiivnienis 
^it be adopted iTu'would enrieh the kingdom 
Bout dilianl de|'nidencie-<i lliat tlie popula- 
1 of Portugal was loo fn\a\\ tiT '\X% o's.v. m.- 
Bflrf uonlrl be iViU mort tei^M;^:'^■\!^ \«w-*^ 



actii i that all their ivicy\cx\t% ftwi- ■«i'^-tr 



t.i. 



& 



NM 



.<S 



K 



■t flBST VOTACE OF 

lion* biUierto had only fumUhcd a few negrrtes,^ 
(.'IrpUnnu' Icrlh, e;xotJc birds, and curiblJties il 
tlui llic golden dreams wliii;!i !iud amured ihcm] 
for a ccnturj-, had ciidcd in Uclufion : and that,] 
liiisiliy. even the fntccis oi' the undertakinij might 
bedtirliocnta! toPoriiiga!,asiiwiispi)ll'iblelieriii-J 
ttrclUatliunif might br I'Licriliccd to iholV iibroail.l 

ThclV dclibtnilions, in which the came waii 
canviilled witli acnteneia, though diey did abfo- 
hiifly cnrry the king lo abandon the dcfigu 
V. bivli Iwd liecit rt'toniiue tided to blm with tho 
lull brcadi (if iliL' [iriiice to whom he uweJ lii« | 
tiiroiie, yet tor a long time retarded his prqiiira- 
tioLn, and dciertnined hln: to purine the [iriiipct 
ill iM:l\ a m:nnier as would leuure him frcim llic 
dil'grjfc q{ tcrious hiiu, if he did not reap ihr 
fidl hiirvtft of glory. At lali, huwever, fearing ]e& 
other jiGwcr-i Ihould take advantage of his ne- 
glcci, erjiecially as the SpHniarda were vigortiufly 
pulliing forward ibcir dileoveries, be came to a 
linjl rulblntioii, lo lend out a few Ihipi only with 
a liiiall number of men ; thus endeavouring in 
avoid extremes, and to lU^er, as it were, a; roiddlr 
cuiulc between the difcoidant opinions of liii 
ci)\mci\. 

In confe<)tience of this determination, in thai 
fpriug of 1*97, he ordered four fliips Lo liC equip- 
ped for bis expedition ; of thcfe three were arm^ 
cd velfi-ls, and the other a Itorc ihip. Tlw 
whole force cooliftcd of no mnre than one hun-^ 
dred and list)' foldiers and fe.imen. Hence it 
will be eslreinely apparent, th-al it is not a I'oP 
niidahle armament, or a vail expencc, tliat is ne 
ci'll'ary lo ihe actompUflwncvit. of a ?,reat defign ', 
but the choice of a good offiiCEi,\«.ritSCv5 twia 
if tu.3 plan, and goAcffii^^ » xfctw\M.'C\wi. <^t:^l 



£t D 



^^^^r VAsatrez db gama. t^b 

^^K' completion , All tlit^ maritirtie npriliiiniis, 
^^nnn the beginning of the world tn Lhi^ p^ntid 
«r time, arc not fomparablc lo what wrrc per- 
foTTOcd by Chfiflopbec Colunibas and \';ir<iiie» 
i!e G-jina, in the narrow rompals of I'cvcn )'c;irs, 
with a joint force fcsrcrly adrtjuBtc to man a 
lifty gun lliip in the preftnt iluy. 

Before wr enter on tin- liiltorv of a Toj'sge, 
ivlijrli laitl open the trcatiirea of the caft bv a 
i[(w and ealj' crmmiinicatipii hy fca, it may 
not be amifs tn premife, that hitherto the Ipictti 
snd other valuable productions of India atid 
China, were brought in the jiuiks and barks ot' 
ihofe cotintrirs to the port of Adlui then a great 
I nmmEttlal city on the fouthem eoalt of Arabia 
Fdis. Htc thefe veiiels iinloacled and remrn- 
fd, while the mMch^nts of AiJlu, partly relading 
ibe. goods in tlieir own fhipfi, and partly frtiding 
them b)' land carriage lo Jcddo, conveyciriheiu 
tip tlie Red Sea to the port of Siiejr, They were 
ireji bnded, and tranfporled on Vami-ls and cat- 
ria^jcs ovCT the ifihitius to the river Kile*, a 

paflagc 

— • ScfCiil of iheKingE of Ejypt, renlibU nf ths vafl jdv.iniiE'* 
ttuTwouldjccruetDihcmfrom J tommunicJtiojilietwtrntl'f Red 
&ti tnA iKr Mcdltcrrju^an, fndF^vuuTcd lo cut Dne, nt AiicrtiiZ 
tiinpl.witiiiniir.enfcliboutiniicipcntt. HcirKliiiusirformiiu, 
ilut in liii: ilrar ol" PhJrujh Kcilio, or KeihuE, ihh w.iik wjs 
3T-- ■■'',: obliged Cu be a^andcu^tdT after nrv: hundred aflii 
!■ 11.1 mm huJ pcriJlied in i)ie iindcrtakini, Tfiii 

K- -^- - .^.ii[irti"um*duni1[?r the Prolrmici, anil jg^iin rtliH- 

([uiEhcd, irmn i\\t tluptd apprchcnfiOn Thnt thr Rti $fj, Ivcrng 
li ahfi iliin Egypt b^ three tub iti, wouM lie in danger ulnver- 
fliiwiifg thp Unit, Howcvcri tbceipcdhMif of J t-ini] ujasjJap^- 
rJ, 111 iiiinnjunitalc between (Vie Rvi Vi-\ »jA 'tMc 'S.iVs 'iS™ 
~-*«li Ihepoitjuf [he hticrbc^iii'.us.T'JW t«''i"\-^"*''^.' 
tedj ajid ihc cities ofCopvui jii-iBtitiSiyi."™";'^'^'**^ 
Si 



m 



r 



ygG rtiiT rorAue n> 

« guffk^oi'AboiitSft/mUcs, and from tbeaceto 
Alc\3nilnn. ivhLTe'ilicVettcliaii merciiants, wh* 
b.^d muiiopuliicd llut cunimtTi-f;, rccii^'cit thcois 
and diirnuiu.iu-il thi-in over all Earnjic. 

Such was the liiujtion of alliiirs at the Km ws 
arc now to trtai of. The pprlaii hoaourpd wilh 
llic command of ibr expedition lor the difcoverf 
of Un; Indiw wan Don V.-ifijuei de Gama, a Pet- 
luguel'c J lubl 1^1)1.4 n of vnrlous diijingaitljcd ta- 
Icnis, and ]i,iriicuUriy Ikillcd in navigjtiun. Ha 
vas appgintcd ^tdmicsl an this o<;canan. tai 
hollaed his dag on buard tliK St. Gabriel, of DO 
more tbsii giic hundred and twenty tons burden. 
The other fliips were the St. Raphael, commaod- 
ed by Paul dc Gama, the admiral's brother ; and 
the Bcrrio, commanded by Nicholas Coello, hc- 
iidcs a bark laden with provilions. Thcfc Hiija 
fet fail from Bcletn on the Sth of July I4y7, aud 
after encountering continu.il llomns, in wiikh 
ihcy frequently defpaired of being faved, had 
the good fortune at lart to enter a large hay. to 
which t!)ey gave the appellation of ^t. Helena, 
flora iis li:iviiig been dilcovcrcd on the da/'fle* 
dicated to ihat faint. 

The inhabitants of this ifland were of fimil 
ftature. ill-fa voiirwl and tditcl.. When thejf 
fuokc, they fetched their breath a* if they were 
fighingi ihey were dothed in the fkins of wild 
licaAi i and armed u'iih Itakcs hardened in the 
fire, and poiuii-d wiih ihe horns of bealts. 

The adiniral ordered feareti [o be made tot 
foine river, but without fuecefsi however, they 
/tiund water ocxt day. Gama, in his perambu- 

«Mrfof jll the Imi'iia meirtbioJ'ir. "B-a -m^*.ei.,\tv'ii«,v 
iuv-xlii (hit cjful tv niUi tiA i\.i*'~t.. 



i 






vxsnvst ttt. OAUA. Ifff 

htions, having picked up a native, vrho wn ^ 

iJicriiiglione)', rurri'-d him no boani i but asilify 
cmild not tinderftand phcH othrr, he was lV>rm 
aftt-r wcU drL-lM (ind fct on fliorc. NfXt d^iy, 
ahtiut fifir-fii of ihe inliabitanh. plpiiffd wiib 
ihf atienijon Uifir countrjiman had ri'Cffived, 
came dowu to (hi- beach ; and tiio adniiral meet'- 
iiig ibrni difpl.tyr-ii jjfiitl, pnirl, nnd Iplcfs; bill 
'finding, from ihi' indiffefPiH-e witli whirh ihry 
»iewed tliofi: articlfs, thejr wcrt im,irt]«aiiiTed 
with tbeii value, Uc prcfpiitfd thrm with rnwill 
bclU, liti rin-;^. and counters, wliieli warr hig^hly 
aweptablc. In return, they ftippiieil their be- 
tirf;:rtors with fiirh lirovifioin 39 ihf cnwmvy af- 
forded ; hut this fritndly intereonrfewas of ftwvt 
iltnu. A young FDriiigiiclV having a di'firc in 
I iheir towns, was rficinved by tlip natives "wilh 
al hcifpitality, and inviled to p;trtake of a fenl. 
I'rt food difai^reeing with his tiomadi. he rofe 
drelirrdi*itlifign5oflnat!iinganddifguft( while 
natives attended him to llic Ihore, Sufjjcft- 
iiig thry might have lome intention? ro injure 
him, be oal!i-d out for help; when foincof hi? 
Coni[>anioQs landing, behaved in fuch a manner 
as m.idc the Indians confidf-r the I'ortuo^iefe as 
their etipmipi. Tiiey Coavt rpinrned with tlieir 
lances i and while the admiral and hti officen 
wens flanding unarmed, tiie)- fell upon them, 
wounded four of them, among which nuni- 
:r WAS De Gama himfelf. 

The Poringuelp having revcngi^d this attack, 
(hough Ihcy werp ccri.iinly the lirii aogrelVnrs, 
tail frnm, Si. Helena on the ifiih of Novcm- 
■, aod in two ilays cavnft u\ ^^'j^t ^'i '^.^w 

Si 




i 



I^*h*«a ^^ 



I 



190 PiKST voTAOi or 

9t'jay. As they coalted along, the coantiy 
itibiicd a plcaling ptorpci.^ of woods and bwni.' 
abouiitling wiih Socks and herds. Tlie admiral 
having run reventy leagues beyond the cape, en- 
tered a b;iy to which he gavi- the name of Angn 
dc S^n Bhis. 'i'he country in ihe vicinity of thtl 
bay appeared \'ery fertile, and abounded with 
elephant* and buffaloes. 

A party of the natives were ohferved hovcriug 
found them, in a I'e^ days aflrr I heir arrival; up- 
on which the ndmir^l iandi.d witli all h'tf mt~n> 
well armed and prepared fur i;ii!ifr event : bai 
en throwing fome fmall bellfl towards, thr ne. 
groes, fomc of them affuniiid refiilution enough 
to approach and pick them tip. and at laft la 
fdve them from the hand. The admir.il now ex- 
changed a ffiv red cap5 for ivory brnci-leis. 

A lew days after, about two hundred ttattre* 
comedown with twelve oxen and fnur fli«p( 
and on the Portnguefe landing, began to pirf 
on a kind of muftcal inllrDmrnt, rcfembliog x 
flnie, which they accompanied with the voice. 
The adrniral ftrlking in wi(h ihi» humour, order- 
ed the trumpets to found, while his men min- 
filed in the dance along with the natives, aod 
thus the day paiTed in mirth and feAivity. 

Not long after a number of men and wonnm 
returned with cattle, of whom the Portuguel'e 
piirchaled an ok ; but perceiving Ibme of the ne- 
groes armtxl and Ikulking behind the buthei", 
Ihe admiral began to fufpeft treachery, and or- 
dered hiK men to retire 10 a place of fecuriljr. 
The negroes followed them fome way, and at 
Jali joined in a body, at if tUc^ luwnAci W ft|t,ln, 
■P^ Gamj, unwilling to ptoceei to c-i.i.Tf.Ki\\v 
VtiatreiF hU boats, and oideiti vwo ?■'««■'» 







I 



VAiaCEK PK «AHA. 199 

wiBStTice to be &re^, which Co terrifieit the rie< 
groes ihst ihfy tied wiihom their aims. The 
admiral afterwards feni fonjc of his men athore 
to eieft a pillar rhargi'd wjih a croft and lh« 
King of Poriiigal's arms; Imt the natives pulled it 
dow n ngain before ihclr laces. 

On leaving this place they were foon over- 
taken hy violent ftorm. On Chriftmas day they 
isw land, to which they gave th'- name of Ter- 
ra Ac Njial. They tiipn prricceded to a river 
called De los Reyes. Here De Gama fcnt two 
men afliure to obtain intelligence refpetSins the 
country and lis produce. On thofe dangcruui 
employments he liad iiialefaftors to ferve. A 
kind of irafEc conimenced ; and fo mueh was it 
carried on to the fatisfaflion of the native-i, tliat 
the king of the country was induced to pay the 
aiimir.'Ia vifu oit hoard. 

Ag-iin drawing near land on the Uth of Janu- 
ary, ifae boat* were roaoned to view it. In fail- 
iig along, iliey law many negroes of both fe\es, 
who fecmed mild and inolTenlive. The admiral 
then feiit one of his men, who was well verfed JD 
, the langLi.'igea of Africa, with an attendant, lo 
wait on the king, who received them wiih aftj- 
bility, and difmifled ihein with prefent,";. Hi» 
majeliy, in rrturn, received a ted jackcl, a eap, 
and a pair of ftockings, of the fame colour, with 
wliich he was fo delighted, that he ftrutled about 
in hi» finery among his Aibjefts, who clapped 
their h.Tnds in token of joy and admiMtion. He 
iikewifc inviied a young Portugnefe geritleman 
to vifu hira, and entertained him with fowl and 
millet. The admiral alio ie.ce.\vcA. a "^tvSvm, li 
faa-h} and (o grateful -wai vUt Tce.tV'^\*'^ Vk-Vs* 
javl vidiin ijiis i>l;iec, thavVic va.WiiW'i.i^i'V'^''^^^ 



200 nnsT votagr op 

(tout! PcopV. The hoofcii were xrhc 
mill upiiacviiily lliLTe Wa» « grciiler ni 
liliilc!! riiaii m:ile», Tlipy uM bowa 
puimcfl with iriins irnd (liftw-cc! an 
li.ility for linen, which Ihey purch. 
tcmis thfir cin umllancci would allc 

Ucprirling irocn ihtutf on ihit 13lli 
ihi-y [»rtnTe<ii:il Hloiig a low flat eo 
wirli laryc ami |rit*t\ irci-s, as far ai 
cMtcs ! mijiiiig a (ighi ni Sofala, wlii 
W11V. Oil tin- 'J-llli ihcy cnlcred the 
viry large rivtrr, U[) wliirh De (Jam; 
with hinhoaM ; and had tlii" plcal'ur 
that tlie datives \indiTllu<Ht foinethinj 
ti'in. no fr.ices af wliieli had hltheri 
The eonntrj' they vifited is now ral 
ill ciiali is gi'-iicrailv low, hut full of 
ihc iit-groi'.-i eame oli' in thi'ir boats 
Irnii heliiatido ; and lichaied to Lhi 
with tht'faniiliariiy of old friends. ' 
lieli-ri'cd a reciprocal return ; the ad 
them with bells -nnd other toys mo 
to tlifir tafic. No one on board und 
language, fo figns were ihc only jn 
thoughts lli''y i-ould enjoy. 

On the tliird day. two [icrfona of 
in their boats, ou piirpnk- to vifit 
'i'liey wore apron-j l.irj;er than the 
Cimiitrj'iuen ; and one had hi* hciid 
n handhercbicf" wrought with lilk 
with a green latin tap. De G.ima 
them courteoiilly, and itiade iht;m pt 
parel, snd oilier articles, on which th 
trC litlh: value. U a^nieareA, 5tom ^ 
iv«eL't'adiUantco\in(tj,o\AA\W>\»: 
Jlo auix-Uy Lo tlicni. Thtj vlicQ ^x» 



▼ ASBUBZ DV. GAHA. SOI 

lico for fale ; at fiL^hE of which the mlmlrnl wna 
peOFtraieil with joy, and all on board were ele- 
vated with ilie hopes of loon rrofhiiig the trca- 
ftires of ihc Enft. This river, lherc('<ire, oblaiu- 
ed ihe npijeilaiion of the River ol Goo<l Si^ns, 
and here he ercfled s pillar, carved with a cru- 
cifix and ilic I'oriii<;Tie(c arms. 

They Iclt this river on the 2<ih of January, 
and.aHtTavojage of nwie ih^tn a inonlh, dcfcried 
four iflands, frnm one ofMhich Icveral boats ad- 
Tanced. and made fignsfor theiliips to wait ihcir 
coming up. Ko fooner had the admiral dropped 
anchor, than the boats approached, full of peo- 
ple of a good fiature, with a dark cortiplenion ; 
and doiiied in various coloured calico. They 
ufed the Arabian tongue ; and on being enter- 
tained on board by De G-.ima, they feemed to 
enjoy ilierofrlves, anJ were as communicative as 
could he wUhfd- They informed him, that the 
name of their ifla^d was Molambiqiie> and was 
fubject to the king of Quiloa ; and that it con- 
tained a town peopled with mcrcbanU who trad- 
ed 10 India, and imported its valued produ^lons. 

The foil in the neighbourhood cf Mofambique 
iwas marfhy, and therefore unwholefome. The 
^ouff-s were built of clay, and thaiched with 
flraw i but a great number of ftiips reforling 
thitber, rendered the town commercial and po- 
pulous. The trade was chiefly in the hnnds of 
Ibe Arabian merchants, who, in their naval ar- 
cbitefture, made ufc o{ wooden pegs inllcad of 
Iiailj, and mats made of palm-lree leaves inltead 
f)f fails. T hey knew theufe of the compals, had 
feme aflronomical infinimenis, and weitfvi.'roife.- 
ed wiih fca-cbsiis of tolerable accm^c?j . 



I 



i 
i 



ingthl 
lie tirfl" 



M2 FlIiST VOTABI! OP 

Ibr. fiink. withliUnttriid^ntx. taking 

l«g;uefe tor Moor* iit Turks, vifitcd the 
t!i:ii witrrcd ilit harbour; but liiitUng none i 
could convfvfc with tlitm. ihey (boii rclun 
However, they were not w.iatingiii lio(|)ila 
'lln- fhrik recjnclleH li-uvc to come oil b'j 
and De G;ima, to prt-p-jtc for hie artival, orii 
Uic C'lik men lo be rcitioi-ed, aiid his owu IH 
Ik.' matiued with tlit How'lt of tlic crews, ] 
chief iipiiCTfcd richly dreircd: lie had prcv'io 
iVicwu aconicmpi (nr h,i«-k's bcll'i, iriukets, 
toyi. aiidexim-lVed lii-i wonder that ibe adn 
did not feiid him I'tMrlet. He had a mi: 
guard, with dnmis Tuid ivory trumpd 
Gaiii:! received him w-iih ni.irked rcfjiei 
oridufted hi in to thec^ibin, while Jiis retJ 
maincil'iii the boats. An apology «:!■; m, 
ni>l fending a prcll-nl ot' fearlet clolh, bcc 
iioHi" h;id bL'in brought. Tlie ihdk and hi 
pany made 1 lieiiirehes ivcleomc on boi 
Inking ihc ftraiigcr* for Turks. dclircJ- 
iheU' bow^, and tln;ir books of the bw, 
.•idniir;il informed him, that they came ['[ 
vcft, and b<J<iiiged lo a couiilry bordering 
Turkey I that ib^^y had no bnok^ of ihci 
\illh tliemi bnl orders were immediate! 
lo produce dilfercnt kirtds of armour, 
iliew its life, rvhirb greatly cscJicd the 
admiration. He Gama rcqucfied liia 
\\i>uld fiijjply him with two piloU; ami 
Ix'iiijr readily provided, engaged lo prrfunt! 
I'oyiige fur a reward of lliirly crowns each 3 
cont. 
This firiendly "iQXcTcowtfc, bowever, 
of Ibort duration. TVic c\i\e.S vio Kooviw Sj 
ed iluit Uie flrangws \\«c GW\&.vftws, ^^ 



VAiai'EZ PB cama, ao3 

ron<luS brgan to betray fympioms of enrnity ; aud 
lie fecnicd lo be plotting for ihc dcllniflion of 
De Giima aiitl his fleet, Howevtr, the adiniml 
wiilei'ed liis ll}ips b) farce, keeping ilie Mours at 
a 'lifiancp for fpar of llii: omaanee. The tumuli, 
h'l'vevci', was not allayed; and the atimiritl, to 
revenge tlie inlults lie bad recrlved, battered 
diiwTi ihe town with his great guiv-:, and dreve 
llie lohabitanls into the country. He took a few 
prifonere, and, among the relt, ;i pilot. 

Plainly perepiving (liat a longer fiay here 
would be attended with danger, De Gama liecr- 
ed to anotiicr ilknd at .i diorl diflanec, and Irom 
il.rnec U> Quiloa ; but Ibel's of weather obliging 
hiio lo retnrn, an Arabian pilot he had brought 
out v.i(li him, wiflieJ to be larried lo Melinda, 
on bis «'ay to Mecca ; and as he was now fnriiilb- 
edviitb another pilot, to ibis afl'ent was given. 
The wrather proving fiivourable. they Biji'.in put 
to fea and made for Mombaifa, a city wbieh the 
pilots obferved was ihiefly inhabited by Cbrill- 
ialis. Here Lhey arrived on ttii^ 'Z/lli of April ; 
bnt as the fliips lay wiihoiit Llie bar, a bark a|)- 
proaehed ihem in the night with one hundred 
amu'd men in the Turkilh dreff. and were pro— 
ceediiig to board them, had not the adniiral iu- 
'Hcd on no more thsn four being admltled, 
l>ofcwho came forward, appeared lo be abn\« 
Se common rank i ln\l, with a wife prrcauiioji, 
tkey Wert delircd to lay afidc tlu-ir arniB bcfi'ic 
tUey lecre taken on hoard. Dc Gama, however, 
enicriained them in a hundfi'Sie (nanne.r j on 
which they acquainted him. liiat the king, hear 
Ing cf ihcjr arrival, had lew Vis<:t>'.v."^K\w*:.vi.'ii. < 
ciigmlvhlion, and olVcreA \'> V-*^" '■V'J *^^ 



>.» 



30* 

there were many Ctirillians on the idaoi), whicb 
fo far coincided with the report of the piluti. 
The nest day, the king fciil a [inrfcnt of fotno 
fruit to the admiral, Tiie di'i'utics profcllcd 
themfelves Cbriltians ; and advifcd him lo np- 
proach the city and call anchor in tlie liarbuur, 
where the king could with more facility give 
proofs of his df lite lo obiige hira. 

Dc Gama, from fo many favourable itidicalioas, 
concluding they were fincfrr, cxprciTcd hift gra- 
titude, and promiled to comply wilh his m^jcf- 
ty's requert. To pave the way to a favouniblc 
reception, a; well as to obtain fome general in- 
formation, he fent two of his exiles witli prcfcQU 
to the king. Thefe were treated with mucfa 
hofpii:dity, and were iudulgrd with a view of 
the city. They obferved many prifoner* ui inmt, 
were introduced to two Chrillian locrchuntii 
*nd difmilfrd by his majelty with famples of 
corn and fpices, and with orders to eomrauni- 
cate lo l!ie admiral, that he might there br fup- 
plied with gold, filler, and other valuable cctn* 
jnodities at a lefs rate than elfcwhcre. 

Ad offer fo flattering, and apparent^ fo diiEn 
tereRed, could not be rcfuled j and tbr ucxi 
morning, the admiral prepared to enter the hir- 
bour; but the Jhip ftrikitig on a ihoal, he iigjia 
caft anchor; when the pilot* inftanily jumped 
into the fea, and were taken up by tlio uativd. 
This created fome fufpicion of the king'* in- 
tentions. Indeed, his ey-trem; driJity frcm ibc 
firttfaTOurcdftronglyofdillimulaciou; and mull 
iare put De Gama on h» %uard. It afierwardi 
appeared, that having hear* o^ \\it vt%tiia£o;K« 

«f Afu/ambiquc, lhi&pt^tv4lQ^i^■?t'w«c^Tl■^S\^\\*^. 

to deuhoy the Poriu^aefe. *»<tat t'OKfti-.'^Vl"^ 



J 



V.tSavEE DC GJIMA. 20i 

the harbour ; but the accideat we have mcntioa* 
vA Iruftraicd that rcherac. He, howcvei-, fooa 
conccried another, with a low cunning, which 
prwcd he uas fearful ol' ufi:ig optn torcc. Dur- 
ifig night, (he walch of the flag-fliip perccivtd 
the cable fliakiiig, and on looking round, law 
fevcral men fwimmiiig abom, and cutting it with 
thnr rwordi, to let the Ihip adrift. Oihcrs had 
got iimang the tackle of another Ihip : but on 
being difcovcred, they plunged into the ftn, and 
fivam to fomc boats which weri: ready to receive 
(htm. 

Jt was now impoffible to doubt of the treachery 
of this people, and vain to hope for Any iidvan- 
(ages to be derived from llaying longer among 
thr.iu ; lheiidinir.fi, therefore, tefolved to proceed 
fur Melinda, without delay. Having got dear 
of the Bay of Mombafla, he foon after fell id 
with two fambucos, or pinnacet, one of which be 
captured. She had feventeen men on board, 
and a confiderable quantity of gold and filver. 
Kame day he reached Melinda, which is only 
eighteen Icigucs diftaiice from MombaJTa, and 
filuated in 3 deg. fouth latitude. 

The city of Alclinda llands on the moli lerel 
part of a coaft generally rocky, and is encompalf- 
ed with palms, and various fruit trees. |t was 
of eonfidcTable extent : the Rrecis were fpncious, 
ittd the hoiifei built of ftonc, fcvcral ftorieshigh, 
with terraces on the top. The natives sppctred 
fwartby, fttong, and well proportioned. They 
wore turban; of filk and gold ; and, from the 
waiH downwards, were clothed with filk and 
cotton (tuffs i fotnc wore (hoTl cloate of eaU-w. 
Being celebrated archers, lh«) C<;\.^attx wyi^a.'^'!?^- 
vriihciU (heir boii^'s and atTO-«t. 



% 



i 



1 



30Q P1I19T voTAOK or 

I'hn admiral tcrlt a higli drgree of falisfii^oa 
3( ■• ■ ' ■ uifudi ;i iHvi btariiig foinc idem- 

Ii . iijfc in lii.i ii;itivc IadiI i niiit citmi? to 

. iu< h' ir willijii a kagiic of it. Noliorty, bow- 
er, came on Iwiird ; and it i« pri'liaWc, llul 
capture ol" tUt- piiiiwci: antic llicm eonlidfcf- 
an p'mlfs. Au Arabiiio prtfiMK-T, whu had 
ftgnged [o procure piluis, was iliertfore let ou 
Hire ; and Ijcing conducted to ihe king, inform- 
, liis miijffrj-, lU.it the admiral wns rfelirous of 

itccing iitio nn nllLincc wiili him. 'I'hc king 

JTiiinied a very fatisfaAiry aiilwcc, accumpaniod 
with a prulVui tif ihrui; Oicep, a qunotiiy uS 
orange* and fiigar-canes. A hat, tlute brali ba- 
l'i>ns, fome Ihiiill bcUt, and twu fcarfs weie I'unt 
~br his miijr.liy's acceptance. 

Next day, Dc Gjina approached netiTCT llie 
irity. and anchored doli; lij- ihu velVcli of fome lu- 
d.aii Cliriftlans, where the king lent a dqiuttitiofl 
{•I iiifomi hiiii, that he meaut lu vifit him in ptr- 
lun on the mori'mv. In the meaiiwUile the cri;*t 
'>t' tlic Indian lliips eame on board with tilt 
kiHg'a permiliion. They were perfouablc people, 
of d brown rnmidexion. 'I'hcir religion* rilM 
■ "^''Ttpd to huvc heea mixed wiili many Pagan 
iiitions. When llie Portuguofe pvet'ciHeJii 
ti:. .me of the Vivfrin Mary and fome of the apof- 
tics, the Indian Cliriftians not only fell down mid 
wurihipped it ; but daily repaired willi offering* 
of pejjjicr and other things w bith lliey ridiculouf- 
ly laid be!«rc the leprcfentaiion of the virgin, 
The King of Mclinda came according to his ap- 
Dinlmcnt, in a large boat witb many attendant*. 
WHS dtvlfed ivi a £o«i\ <if etimfon damailt, 
ed u-ith grccti I'aVvn, B.x\ii-«int ai'\tV.SvW 
. lie wai fcaied 'u\ ai\ c\c^aivi. Caiii >^5^ 



TASaUEZ DE RAMA. 2H7' 

ct with wire, on a lilk ciilhion, wiiIi an- 
))• liiinj on wliidi was ])lace(l n finl of 
laiio. Near him flood an olil niaii, 
tld a ricli fword witli a iilvcr it-aWiunl. 
ijnuc wpre iiH'o richly drelfel i and ii hauJ 
Scians perfrirmi'd dii (ackliiits aiul fliUcs, 
:ter were eight l\i>ias long, mid vt-ry ncat- 
luted. 

Sama met t)ie king in Iiis host adoriit'd 
agi, aUetidfd hy hi? priucipiil otiJetTs. At- 
mial fnUitati'iin, at tlic king's rr'jtuli ho; 
1 into liis buat. His mnjcftj' vii^wrd hiiil 
9 iiidi with miii'ilr atiriiiioii, inftrrngairtl 
: relnlion to llip (.■oiinlry he cairifi iVom, the 
of his fovereign, and the muliTes thnt ili- 
him to take Inch a diftant viy.i^e. Thel'a 

|ons hHng iiitistiiftorily aiilVcretl, the king 
Jed to fiirnilh liim with a pilot in Calicut,, 
vilr J him tn parliiipatc in the riniiiremcnfg 
< place. The admiral cxciiiid himl'eir toC 
ri't'nt, but priimiled to take ikit [ilrafure ia 
Mm ; and to g^ivc ihi- liini; a priiiif of hii 
ly inteiitioiis, niadr him a prelctit of" all tho 
prJ he had lately taltfti. 
I prince, highly :ieli|;hred with thU 3rqw!li- 
wnn aflenvarils rnwed up lo the Inips, 
he heheld with lurjirlKc. Tlie firing oi" 
diuiace gratified and alioiiUhed' him pro 
ifly. He romplimfnted ilip.Hriiiiirnl by nb 
g, that he neier law rni-ti who plealed hi 

Hicb a<( ihp Portiii;uer(f i and expti'ilVd hi; 
that he had I'mnu ot' then) to allill io h' 

Fas on the 22d r>{ A.pri\,tVi»\.WT.Qrt,\i\-\\'-S 
Ai, aud iiiltvad bt tta<Vvi\^ "i>*i- cco.%1 ■aa.Ve 

i±Z J 



409 n«iT roT.io«~»* 

tlic oeesn. The wc.ithcr wiu G 
hi« vnihfi. thnt lie crnired a fca of 
Ie«U'iei in twenty three daysi U 
af MAy, the coafl of Indin opca 
Thii wai the giand objrft of his | 
mny be better imagined llian expi 
tiit:>i)ion iind felf felii-'itttion I 
brrnlt, w hra tile hills of Calkul W 
by the jiilol. Tranfported with ji 
niadca grand rnicrtaimncnt for tl 
and fonn after came to nn ■noli 
TOfld, abotil two lengiies below Ci 

Some filhermcn in tlicir boati, i 
rowed up 10 the fleet, being (iroc 
tion of tbe Ihifs. They were of 
picxion, »nd had only a kind of 
down before, De Gama gave 
rourlcDiii reception, after whJd 
him nearer to Calicut, where he € 
imniedirfidy iVtit one of his conv 
make ih*' \\{\\v\ enquiries and obl< 
natiics immediately thronged abtr 
alked many queftions of the fiflic 
dude^ him ; and particulnrly noti< 
unlike thai to which ihey had be 

Suppofing, however, (hat ihey 
to (ati»fy their curiofity the brtt 
him to the Iioiife of two Moom, 
named Bontaibo, could fperik Spar 
ing him lobe a Portuguerf, whofe 
a lirong affinity to that of Spain, ; 
brought him thithsr, This queft 
pcftcd tongue, having been anfw 
fold him that he Vai teecR ace^\\■9.v 



F 



'ii>w any flkip! fromthiiC 



i.iil.ij rtlUfiT'd yitli the mnn, nnd waited 

B.-liiiinil, Sn much w<n- lif- ojul li'u ctcv 

,cd ■ i at meeting witli a pttfim n( 

djj. . i]!! Immi!, with wliom iJji' 

coimt'irt:, iJiat tlip tear ol" joy lliirtrd lil 

'M. JJc Gdirn I'mbmrt'l iluiitailio will 

lition of n friend ; fnr dnwii I7 himj 
mfping lii9 bniid, nlkrd liiin il' lie wnn 
an, iLnd how- he cauie lo Ualitnil f Botil:vis 
wiTt-d in the aflirmaiivH, thiit he was it 
I Chrirtiiin, and liid bctrti ihiuf lonlriiftu 
•. wnrlike ftores wliitli King t'Vrc(iii,iml hai 
.fed 31 Ttinisi and lli^it he hud arrivrd it 
bji wav of Onirn, fie rrtni-liidi.'(i hy tth 
r, that lif! h:iil iin all orciiliohs mniiitWIi'l 
eiidlliii> f(ir tbf^ hiniigiifrc 1 and tlvu ha 

now [itvimote tlitir intcivli to th'" iiiLUnff 

powiT-* Tlie admitiil tordially lliaiike' 
Dd promifrd hini 11 tiobic n.-wn^-il forwhiit 
•T\ifX7, he rtiould render him, On tnnkiiij 
■ies relative lo the lovercign of Oalifut, lh« 
rqilifd, tlial he iiws a prince of 11 UMiigit 
iflKilition, and ihfit he did imt liitiht 
I glndly receive-, the admiral as an ninbafli^ 
Bm a foreign king ; pnniailarly, if hr cann 
hliih a trade with tlic eunnlri', tliff royal ri3 
M ariiing ehifliy (rom the duties on gooils, 

ZHiilorin, as lie wa^ ealli il, fcceiviny; inleJ 
e lliat the admiral had leilirrti for iiini iVoil 
tag of Portugal) h'tii to bid him wekoind 

llic fame time difpiitrhed u pilut lo coii 
)im tn fViriarane, wlietc ^iiew ■jra.'i * to 
fhirbnur for (liipjiin-j. Ot Gww^'«'' 

proceed fjrom ilienccb^ \aai\»^*™" 



», 



ci3 



where he would be reidy to tta 
{a\ a{ a repeUtion of the fame pc 
pericuced before, ihc commam 
Aips with c«utiou( ctrDimipcdii 
ceived sn order from ihc cui« 
foreign affairs, to land where* 
Rinu nn ihii celling a counciE 
fonnerl them, that he inlended b 
(rraiy of commerce and jMirpetus 
wmorin. To this his broiht 
though thii prince and the nativ 
ginsd, wpre Chrillians, ypt there' 
ainon^ them, who v-'ere their 
and would be highly rxnlpcrau 
for aitempting to interfere in t 
therefore, as the fuccefs of the ■ 
nn his prcft-rvatlon, It would be 
to fend a deputy in his roonn ; a 
W!i>i iinaniinoufly Approved of b 
the admiral declared, ihrit he wa 
every rilkj obfervjng, that it wi 
ty'sintereft toproteft and encour 
as the inhabitants were chiefly C 
nothing to fcir. But in cafe an; 
hjppen to him, they muft giw 
eoncern about his fufety, but &i 
Ingal, with the important news 
they had made. 

The refolmion of the ad mill 
ne« day fet out in his I'oat, filf 
nance, attended by twelve of 1 
flags difplnyed and tnimpets fg 
lauding, he was coitneoufly i 
tfuu'valj and, two\iUcisWu('i "5' 
rAey were carried oi\ Kveu'% wvt 
«/i proceeded on (w^. 



1 



▼A««U«£ BE OAMA. ail 

atkd Capocau, to dine, where xhey wer« enier- 
tiioecl wilh rice ami fimtt- Then entering fomc 
boats, they were conveyed down ihc river. 

Dc Gama and his fuit were afterwaidi con* 
duAcd lo a lirgc Indian temple, built of free- 
flonc, and covo^ with tiles, on the walU of 
whirh uTre many painted images, fomc with 
large projeflitig leein and others with lour nrins, 
and I'uch hideous fares, that tlie Porlngucfe be- 
gan to doubt wheiher they were in a Chrillinn 
(onnlry or not. In the centre of this was » I'malj 
chapel, with a lower and a istlicc door, to 
. . .1, ftone fte-pson the outfidc conduced. In 
the wait oppolitc to this enirange flood an image, 
which, (Tuni ihc darknefs of the place, could not 
be diftinitly viewed 5 and admittance was deniert 
to all, favc the prieil, who approaching and point - 
ing to the figure, thrice called aloud, Mnria ! 

When the cutival and his train came before 
the chape! , thi-y fell flat on the ground, with (bcii 
hands belbri: them, three limes; and then pray- 
ed (landing. De Gama and his atiendante. fup- 

Jing this to be an image of the Virgin, fell 
on their knees, and made their fuppHca- 
I but one of the Vorluguefc having foniP 
doubt, faid, as he knelt, " If this be the devil, I 
" worlliip God." Which produced an involun* 
tiry fniile from his companions. 

They now advanced in procefiion to the pa- 
lace, followed by an immenle conconrfe of peo- 
ple; and at their entrance into ihe city, the prefa 
wa« fo gri-31, (hat they were almoft ftifled. This 
obliged the cutival lo retire wiih them into one 
of the honCes, wlierc bis btovVw, a -ftAw^ (>V 
great d:Riii(iiun. met him w\\V ^e^wiN t^rw " 
bAo acre tui by tlic latiuii'vn U» ««A-^&. 



i 







riMT XPiJtat or 

irn) to co\itK* At-lrati Ihn'cthoalanJ 



1 1.1 1"J1U' 



Ian J fDMfl 

1 



•' thr-V itiink :. 

!t ■*« drawing tf>wnfd*'t"-rt''frnf' 
' 'fd tlie ill:' 

nutdr .1 I 
■ ■ grile tJiry \v i 
■ :■ ci, who canii- 
large i-oiirt?, fumilln'tl «viili as iiunv ,. 
Iwo iiortera liiiiimicil ai ciich. Cn i' 
ihc cujinbcr of nHrlitncE, ihcj' ■■.' ■ 
king'5 chief hrjmir, a diminmiv 
cmbracf-dtlie admiral, ami eondiiii 
S«) cngiT wwe thr ridjiiiliior to ral' ■ 
Ihrlr prine*. that they prcirrd in with i 
gnefc, auii ionv lives weit ioft, Twn ^<; 
Npcans alio narruw ly cfcijicd Uelnij ffpiucwi i 
dulfi. 

The hall into whith thrv v'tre ititrodiiivrfi 
fen ted 311 imiphilhralrc of ft-aLij thf " 
cnviTcd Willi II rich tar|>i-r. and ibc ^ 
wiib lilk it^cHty tntcrwuvrti wUh giii'i- ii";| 
zamorin lay rFclinrd on a fi<U. tovcrrd 
while Glk, inlcrlarrd with gold, witli a tic 
Iio])y oi'cr Ills lif-ad, He w:i« of n brown 
]ik-xion, A full habil, iiiid a]>|i'^rfd ndvnnnil I 
years. He had on a ihcrl coat nf (iin 
Bdiivi>cd ■' ' ' ■' iics am\ rolri of hpjili 



It 



UMi In I 



L lHf|;ojii*arl,s and ihi- 



holes were (m^ruu-l wiih gold, Abmit 



»*»i*w*^fry^*^V^'^^ 



TAtaUIZ BE CftMH. iJS 

hit loei ^^t^i his finger* fp.irtilri] with 

rings. Hi« arms and legs were linked, 
rticd wilh bracelets of gold. Jii Ihortt 
i was mofl Iplendid, and tiis whole air 
id majcftic. 

; adminl approached the prelciitr of the 
, according lo the cuflom of the coun- 
made ihree obeifnnces with Iii; hnnds 
1 Lead. His majefty regarded him with 
ency j but returned the faluic bj- an al- 
perccptlble motion of the hend, 1'hcn 
6^) for him to advance, he caufcd liim 
iti^d dear him ; and the reft of the reti- 
rrliig, and paying the fame compliment, 
tc-d oppofite to him; and were immrdi- 
rniflied with water to cool thrir hnruls, 
ther being very hot, though tlic winter 

The emperor then ordered a toll.iiion of 

jaksi to be introduced, and on their 
for water to drink, a gold cup wilh a 
a* brought ihem. At the fame time they 
t"en to undcrltnnd, that tlic natives think 
lite to tough the veflcl wilh their iips. 
wnpliance with the etiquette, they held 
i£ dillmice above their inonlhs ; but nut 
ccutiomed to that tnode of receiving li- 

eilher made ihrm cuugh or I'prinklefl 
>lhes, which fecmed to be matter of en- i 
lent for the wliole court. ■ ■ 

repaft difpatched, the emperor ordered " 
la, by his inlerprcter, to lay hin biifineft 
lie ofliceri who were aflemblcd, that ihcy j 
otumunicaie it to him. But ihe admiral fl 
' intimated, that he could not,r«.ctiJs. Ucea. W 
dec of ihp Cht'ift'ian ^ri'cvtcs q^ t'^i^'i^. 
r-jji to o;ivc ail audicntt vo >.Vti wsSg***.- 



I 



5T4" ri'""- 

dCt^ T li f ' v rrt ■■---'. 

Ci 
CI. 

be ayi 

lif: i 

f; 
I 

11 
I. 

'] 

ti 

i: 
t\ 

Dl i i' IT Ik, I ;m Hkiciij.iM.i'j^ 

;iiiiitv wiili liim: ilwt 



n 



vtii'i^u .il 111'. I 
lie v"^-^' iximtntd 
I' 

» 

i . 

tliui luiiliiii^ (.•iiiUi iic mri 

Jjrni (tirfi :^n nlli-rii-- H e tl 



ton 1 1 
It r 






VASaUEZ DB GAUA. 2lj 

! fhould bare occntioii for. >Ic fl-as alfo at- 

bjliiecutiv.iiBDtlhic otiircrRi but a heavy 

Ifalling, they were ubligf.iJ lo (lidtcr ihcm- 

the t'aSor's, who ivllercii to iuniilh Dc 

^•ith a hurft; Uut, as bt had no ladillc, hu 

walking on foot Cu his lodgings, 
Iii9 monicnl, every ihing ftcmed to pre- 
faireft prolpeft of honoiirand arivaniagc 
!e Poriugucle ) but whik the admiral was 
Iging Ihis plcaf^int dri?4m, he was oil the 
Knk Lit' feeing ihe t'miisot'histxpettalioiis 
0d ttcrsa him. t'oiniidMbU- [iv^ds l)nr(r^d up 
Ipofe Ids views, Tiie religion ot' Mahoinut 
been introduied hy iLc 'lartars, jiid was 
■^naiit ihci'c as I'uganilhi. The batredi 
^c Moirdmen bore to ilie ChritliaiiB, am-! 
'd tliem t'j revenge; and the Arab?, tVom JV- 1 
^idant regions, tiirrjiiig on a very iiicraiivi 
^b*ce in the o.'iintiies vt Mogid and Mala 
PE: fear of lidii^i fHppUiiifed m.idt them con 
ihe dcftnittion of llu'ir iitw opponents. 
lie admiral being now Iccured, liie cutival'' 
ugh the iiiftigalitin of the Arabs, made «fu 
oui artifices lo get poifeliion of i!ic (liip* 
in this, however, the vigil.incc of Dc- 
iifappoiuted them ;' and, after uiucb dii£' 
pncc more got on board. 
gh die printipul in the wtpedltion di 
kturc to trull himl'tlf again on Ihnre, 
|j8 m— irVv-tv by turns to vilit the city, 
Ihei idly received by the Iiiiiiart*, 

rthiiTuiriiui without rcllrnmt. Tho na 
on the uUicr hund, tially icforlcd to th 
boatsj and were »ci\ Kav«\A\v«A\ss 



I 

4 



m went on in this ttai-n raX'Ci.wV 



^.M-V"* 



2)6 FIRST vafl 

Anpift, when the feafon f 
rurJ, I'c Gama fr-nt Diaj, 
peror willi a jirerfiit of f 
oihT •riicles, ordr-nng bi 
jrdy with his iiitindcd <l<:|i: 
ill (.-ale lie ilioulil be inclill 
iadoi Id i'ortugal. ihai he 
He nllb iiifurmcd tiim, ihl 
lo leave hi* t'aftor »nA feci 
iti*^ §ouJs lie h;wl iberc, tUi 
Ttet't from the welt ; and t 
having brrn iiiJndia, bcgg 
lend Uie king, nia miiltcr, 
.tnotlicr oi d<n*c3, and a I 
Ituiuld bt! paid lor out oil 
vt' ill iJic couiiiry. ■ 

Aft(.-r waiting lour dan 
ted lo the prefencc efthep 
vcre look, all:ed him what r 
much trtpidalion delivered 
about to offer the prefei: 
tctvilcd to fee it, and ordc 
loLiftfactor; andthrnUilb 
he was al liberty to depart,] 
he muft firit, according to 
pay htm fix huiidi-cd ibars 
lirtd no fooner returned t( 
Mas coohncd there ; and p 
through the city, forbiddi 
|>o:ird the fleet, on pain 
ISontaiU) kid ttte courage 
d;itr. and ndvifcd the admi 
iijfbrnting hini. thai the j 
ihcriii to th^ ^.jrnM'in s* l 
i-.'inie will, -I iii&i 

.tor«c, chc .. -uiAiA* 




VKtave-z OB gama. 217 

iolo llie fircugth of the nation. IVti days adcTi 

1 ..^ . h„,,.j came on beard oliering precious flonta 

, but though the admiral rc-garJt^d ihcm 

. be dilfemblcd his knowledge of wliat 

' -d, anil lijfi'ertd them to depart, in hope* 

;ig others of more conlcqiience on board. 

i the defired cfiirft, fur the 7.amorin con- 

. tiudiu^ from hrnce, that the admiral was igno- 

Wiit o( the detention of his fsiJlor and fecretaty, 

lent perfons on board to amtifr hira, till he could 

tout 3 fleet, or thy (hipa of Mecea (hould arrive, 

pplurehim. At length fn of the principal 

4rs, with fifteen alleiidimtii coming on 

lie ordered Uicm to be fciKed, and fen» 

two oi ihe boatmen with a letter in the 

Jsbar tongue, dem.mding his fa&or and fccrc- 

in exchange. But not arriving fo foon as 

kexjieili'd, itic ailmira! fej fail, and came to an 

Bor four leagues below Calicut, where having 

for ihrce days; he put to fea alraoft out 

nht of land, when a boat came off to inform 

that his people were in the zamorin's pa- 

, and would be with him next day. Dc Ga- 

toM firmly let ihcm know, that they muft inftant- 

Uring his men or leltctB from ihcni ; and ili.^t 

Tiey returned without either the one or tbc 

r, be would fmk them ; and if tliey did not 

at ^i, he would cut off the heads of thofc 

had feired. As foon as the boat was depart- 

witJi thij meffage, he fleered towards the 

Kte, and anchored near Calicut. 
lentt day feven boats came up to the flag fhlp, 
one of which was Diaz and the fecretary, 
whom the natives ilclivered up, ai\i \!i\wv tt<\\eA. 
to /baie dilUnce for t!ie admivaVs awlvifct, tV^is 
UvfJi'e brought a letter foi xlvclSiut olVwVx.'^ 








■I: J. U 



a 

■ ATd, 1 

lanH 



" tbin<;i> wiiich I am defirous of r 
" thy country, are gold, filvcr. i^.^ 

Tbc admiral mnde no other rrpljr, 

h^d Jctit back the iiaires, and would i 
veil till bis nicrohaiidife on ILoie w.u 
The itL'xi day Bontaibo (.aiue oa board, i 
the ndmirsl, that ihe cntival, by ibc '. 
had (nzed hi* effca», on prciciiLC tha 
Chril!i3ti, j.nd had been fent over lar 
bj tht: King ol Portugal. He added, ih.ii 
aviare all this was done at the inftigatior 
Arnbdi aud not doubting but, as (heyli:: 
hii goods, they would nest injure hi-i pci 
had lied lor protection. De Gama inini. 
ordered him to be well accommodated on 
and promifcd that on hi? airivai it Ptitii 
fliciuld meet with ample recompfiile I'oi- h 
Afterwards tiiree almadias arrived with It: 
over the benches, and pretended that ll 



> r.'-i 




VAtaOEt Xn QjIMA. 

~ •■-- -uiddle of the ccaft '■ 
. where there U no : 

y.iicii; but thote of the iul:;ii,-j- 

mf plauks, boond logcJicr wiUi rop 
tttxDcd, are calily drfxa on ihurr. The 

;j, at ihii time, v-as large, tine bouics wcrt 

of h'JnJlci, eiccpt the imperii " 
lii Icmpies, 1 hicb were built of li.ir 
for, br the c\ii;:ag l.i*-i. no oib-r 

re allowed ot thoic nu'eriaU. Thi» eityj 
len ihr grjctd emporium oi Iiidia for 
of fplces, drug; precioti^ flench, CHlIi:oci^)| 
ifilvcTt (lod othei rich cwmmoditic5. The 
weie generally Pagan;, nnd piid no im* 
it obediei.cc to iJieir brsinins, or prieiU, u 
i in fecular as io (acred affairi. 

; udmira] being becalmed, foon aflFt he Tet 
t about » league's dltlance from Culicut, the 
in fcnl fixiy toniea filled with ftildicrs to 
the ihips. Pfoiidentially a fr«h Riiie 
tag up, the Hcei elcapcd ; but wns purluetljl 
Malabars for an hour and upwnrdi. It^ 
ndced fortunate for the Porlugucfe. that 
irrived here in the beginning of winter, 
the emperor's fled, which wjs very numc 
.-as Uid up. Had it been equipped, ihcy^ 
luvc fallen an cafy prey. 
withftnnding this attempt, the admirs! di( 
. one of the captives, at tht ftrll port 
fd, at with 2 letter lohii fovetelnn. in Whlc 
mpilulated the iiiares which had becu bi 
by the Arflbiani. apologised fcir his m^ 
away the natives, and profdfcd the utnial 
I fur his ni.ijefty. He ip^jRvv^ti \ti «v3' 
\t' to efiablilh fuch » \e»,^Mt'oo.««ft»'''' 
e-King of Poitocal, ai -waAi, \«.^-^ 



920 FIBW TOTAOB OV 

ihcir mutual inRrcil ; and cnncludrd ^ith alTur 
itig Ifttn, lli.1t the prifoncri he had taken wiiJi 
bim. ihotilil be well ircaiL-d, and fcnl back with 
the nt-M Puriugiitrfc fltei lo ihcir native land. 

Slccrmg along ilie coaft, De Gnjni fell in -nidi 
feieral imall illfliids, I'mm one qf which pinr.aas 
(nnir '"F with lifh and other pmvifinoB. The 
1 r reccivrd theiV. people kindly, and 

. 1 up a crtils (in ihe tliorc, named liif 
[iidce iairia Maria. Abciut a week after, ttwy 
Call aiiclmr DCiir 6k rmall illauds, where tic v,ii 
fupplied widi fowl^, goiinls and milk. At the 
ftcnc lime the naiives infnimed him, that th( 
coimirv abounded with dnnnmon, which •■»» 
«:i>iifirnied hy the report of I'omc Porluguel'c Cet 
on llioic I'tT the purpofe, who reported that lli6f' 
Jaw cnlifC woods of cinnamoo. 

From hence be reached the Anchediva iflaod'i 
five in number, where the admiral refohcd to ra 
rcen his Ibips, While thus employed, two brig 
dtiliiies appeared, with drums beating andironi' 
pels I'oundjng, and live mcire were difooverei 
near the Ihore, The Malahars liiid tliey wcifl' 
pirule«, who, under the colour of fricndHiip; 
pkiudered ail tlie vcITels lliat fell in their waj. 
Being thus apprife-d of his dungcr, the admin' 
gave orders lu lire ou thetn as loon as they caiw 
w iihia reaeh of bis guns. This unrKjieeled Jf 
ception made thcra retreat witli all polliblc «; 
dition. 

Among the immenfe mtillitudes that crowdei 

to fee the lliips, caniR a perl'on aiiparenily ittc! 

t'drty years of age, and of a dilterent couB' 

immediately as he Vaniii, W ^avi ii^ to the ai 

niir.il, and tlien lo the. oVhei ta'jiva\W4,ra*<nK3 

UiCta willj tie uXivujO. iamvVYa\"v\.'j ■, mA' 



VAsaUBZ DE GAUA. 321 

made his compliments in the Italian language, 
lold liim lie was a Chrilliau, and a native of 
Italy i that having been taken by pirates in his 
youth, while accompanying his parents in a voy- 
age to Greece, had run tiiruugh a variety of mif- 
fortunes ; anil had hitherto I.een deprived of all 
hopes of vifiting his native laud. He informed 
(he adinirai, that he had been forced to enttr in- 
to the fervice of the Mahometan prince, narafd 
Sabay, ihc fovereign of an ifland at twelve iL-agiies 
diflaiice, named Goa ; that he had been obliged 
to comply with the e\ternal forms of the religion 
<if Mahomet; but that he was flill a Chriftian in 
his heart. He added, that fip was prime minif- 
ler and c:infidant of his ibvereign; and hearing 
ihat there were certain lirange ihips at Calicut, 
whole crews were clothed from head to foot, and 
fpoke a language unknown in the Indies, he 
judged them to fae Chriflians, and entreated Sa- 
bay to permit him to viiit them ; which he had 
not only granted, but ordered him to acqnaint 
them, that whatever his kingdom prodncfd was 
At their fervice. He concluded with defiring, 
that tliey would favour him with a checfe to fend 
to a romji^nion of his on fhore, as 3 pledge of 
the friendly reception he had met with. 

Though this gave the admiral juft gronnds for 
fufpicion, he ncverthelefs ordered htm a cheefe 
and two loaves; which the Urange.r accordingly 
fent on (hore, and continued his eonvevrntion 
with De Gama, with an inquifiiive miniitcnels, 
which flill rendered him the more fm'pefted. 
The admiral's brother, taking at\ o^^^^Wi.w.'v.'j ,»:s^ 
failed of fomc of the natWea wVo \^i« ^sv-e^"^^ 
fifoa wjsi and received fotan£'««,>^W-V'--.--\'-^ 





FIBBT TOTJtCe 

Iraie. and had vifjtcd otbrr fhlp* 'hy 

the cuaft. Dc Gama Iwii 
»Jcr<-d bim In W i^-irrifd on )■■ ■■ M 

I order to obtiiin a (-onlt-liicn ot tii» liu 
llcnlinn«, 'I'liis jmiiillitnpnt having 
inliumaiily caul'trf fiim lo he hoilio 
ally, ill a raoii imlrcrnl and pxcTiicia 
ficr lip had been liltrd up in this n 
i>urih lime, hccitnfrlVcd, lliat he wi 
Jew; and thai Sabay medltaring au 
be Piirtiigurfe Ihips, had iFtit liira U 
3i«r (Ircagih and modp of 6giiilng. 
ng fume veriliniililude, Ilie adrnirsl 
^(in under ihc hatches- and had hinJ 
he injury he had rereiied j iclli'gid 
QolDl.ilinti, thnl hp did not defigri t| 
avcoliiim. but ivould carry him to I 
aruifl] the king with what iijr"rmari 
wi under hin notice in the connlry. 
^f.rwardii ufcd with kindnrfs, be was b 
it:r lli<; Dame of Jafper de. Gama, an 
aTciilia! tervites ici tlie Porliigutir. 

It waiun ilir 5(li of Oftnlifr, tha' 
Icfl tfiii coaft, and riireitrd his courfc 
da. In this iung iialVngc he enprrie; 
Icriiation of ftorms r.ilnn, and conti 
(nd hii men bei\!ii!e fo tainted with 
iiat pi'd of marineri iin dillaiit voyag 
norc thiin fistcen men in each (liip 
brvicc. To prrvnit iheir overihooijn 
r.j- dropped anclior every night, 
had smvcd wilMn Iph lenguesof tliflt 
sr^e boat.i, filled with frfsfier'i, appear 
T-trd.i the llii|)« i liiil, m\vecc\\i»^' 
' cacked about and &cd. 





admiral eipirrii'nced the fame friendly re 
Iron at Melinda 3s he had done in his paflTagn 

Having ftsid fivr. day^ to take in refrelh- 
iti, and received on board an ambafladnr frotii 
jbiig to his PortugTiefe Maje(i)', lie hiinifd 
Bhii Ihip*. the St. Raphael, and dirtributed; 
■Rn among Uie other two. Indci-d, wiili fuch' 
;aiii?ed number of hands, it would have been 
>ofDbk to navigate them all. 
)e Gama reached Zanzibar, a pretty large 
nd in 6 deg. ibuth latitude, on the 27tb of Fc- 
ary. The prince, though a Mahometan, eourtc- 
ly entertained the Portiigucfc ; and fnrnifhed 
m with what fupplics his terriiorifs produced . 
thing happened worthy of remark till the 
h of April, when tliey again doubled the Cape 
Good Hope, that grand harrier which had lb 
g been regarded as the at phi ultra of naviga- 
n, Thfy now direfted their courfe lo the 
ittd of St. Jago ; but the two [hips being fepa- 
ed by a vinlenl ftortu, the commander of the 
rrio, anxious to carry the earlieft intelligence 
the dilcoveries to the king, failed direftly fi 
fbon, and on the ] 0th of J nly put into Cniiai 
.e admiral having touched at St. Jago, left hifi 
p to be rpfiited, and failing from thence in a 
ed ear.ival, arrived fafe at Belem, in Septem- 
' l-lf)*), after a long voyage of two years and 
o months, with the lofs of more thaa half h 
•n. 

On his landing. wMy mark of honour wn 
id hrxn, every demon rtraiion of joy attended hfl 
coverlet. The king fenl fcvcral ^t^.tvU'.-.vwia ' 
idnd him (0 covut; ani, ^Tnvrt^w^c «w*tfl 
a\>gh which he pnlTeA, jomf^A \n >.V.c. \-K«^"* _ 

iuJ.iti<Mi. He was VvQiiowi-ii ^'■'^'^^ '■^^■J^ 



M 



uai 



i24 



Ftt«T VOTAOI or 



of Don ; be was pcrmitird to qua 
asm*, and had nn .-iimna! pcajinn 
lind divcAts aJfigncd bim. The 
received likewilc lionours and rcwi 
king, Co libeial lo others, made 
vaftxnt appiopriaiion lo Kimfdf. 
to Di» t'orm-fr dtirdption, he Uh 
titles of Lord of ihf CoikjucS and 
Ethiopia, Arabia, Pertia, and llic 1 
Ihankfgivioga were ofl'ered up thro 
gal for ibe luc-cefi of this dilcovet 
and enlertainmenls were general 
Jivcn thofr who had long uppoftd 
itnpta&i cable, row grew nihamtd 
(it'um ; and heciinie zealous in the 
cnce contemned. 

If we compare the dlfcoverics of 

De Gama, the palm of navigaiion 

ed to the former, Columbus diii 

world b)" a path never attempled, 

own original mind alone fuggcfto 

only prol'eiTuted and completed thts 

others i he knew there was a cou 

he was bound, though the road h 

traced ; and he met with few nave 

inlght not rcafonably expe& to f 

liunbus, every thing was new. I 

their refpeftivc dilcoveries in the 

and coufeijuences, the general d( 

judgment will probably be ia favi 

Colujubu!!, The ea& is only th< 

luxury, the ejiervaling foil whet 

dies into the ilaye, or arrogates t 

power of a tyrant. Atnw'-a ^irf 

Jts great variety o£ cYifaaifc, \jW 

powers nia^ one day pcitajs «*■?' 



'▼AlUnZ Dt BAMt. 



aas "< 



limit*. Mid the {Dematr of mao, Aat- 

bv iii« occetfity of Ubnat and iothififT'. 

KpWre new pjtlw irf fdcncc m^ open oew 

, tn hapjiineli iod eajofioaA- Fiob (lot 

jb!c rcprefeauuio, hoiinfTT, vemnfifoc 

xdude (he grdtrft pan of tbe A m a icj a 

, or. Hi ibiFT are caHed, tke Weft laiSa. 

' cjiifn win alw^p produev finOsreAAlb 

sme ciimale md fetor of the finae pnidae- 

[1^ diihfiSTijai both Ibc Eaft nid Wefi India; 

r vre ^roatc tbe ltippb:c& aod ifae 'inf'ifft 

for wbicfa flooe amolria w tfe msde, 

I bne liad the Eaft prefenbie lo tlir Weft, 

the furc-ffwictlwappRiMdaiflf !■■■•• 

that diigT^cc to TcUcon, ceoiimes. «p are 

[>a temptcJ In w\<it Oat tbe ficcse of lacli 

aem wickedivG had ^^ra aUti, m had 

been difconxcd. 



VOYAGE OF 
ALVAREZ BE CABRAL,- 

TO THE 

EAST INDIES. 



ne gentleman who conduflcd ibi» t 

litile I'eems to be known. It eaii- 
ft-cver, he doubted, but lie muft Iibvc been 
an of rank, and highly dilliiiguiibcd in hii 
felfion. To hitn, as we flial! in- in the I'e- 
I, Portugal U iodebtcd for Uil- dift-ovpry ofj 
SI, fo tbat De Cabral is entitled to Miik at] 
twith an Americus Vefpulius or a Cabot. 
Iq the arrival of De Gaina irom hi<i voyn^r, 
vh laid cpi^n the Indies. uxpeiS.itiun wu 
ily railed, and it was immediately Miolvcil to ' 
ecnie the advantages, jult difclofed lo view, - 
I allidiiity and per lev era nee. For lbi» pur-] 
^biriecn veflcls of different fiic were litied-j 
Hd the command wa givcii lo ?cdro Alva- 
iFCabral. His force confilted (if one ihou-J 
two hundred men ; exclufivc of eight FiaD-j 
\a fi'iars, eight chaplalna, and a ijiaplaiii' 
»r. This part of the c^mplcmrnt may cKctli 

i for, though ibrfe r^l - ■ ' 

^pleach, bow could the , 

Unlefi ihfy ha-! ""l 

their Ijbcurs in t. 




^^28 




VOYAGE OF 

tereourfe between Europe antl ibe eaft, mufl Iwre 
been either nugatory or ridiculous. Howotf. 
like tbe (tifciples of Mahomet, ihcy had ordcn 
to convert by argument or by the fword. 

Cabral, at his departure, received from the 
kitig the flag of the crofs, and waa ir. 
that, in cafe the Zamorin ot' Calicut 1 1 
conl'cnted to the fettling of a Ldory, hi liJt 
privately to be influenced againft fuffering the 
Arabians to participate in the trade ; and in ilut 
condition it was to be reprefented, that Toriu^ai, 
by its imports, would fupply all his diunaiuli mi 
the nioft moderate terms ; and, by its exports, take 
off the manufadures of his country to advaiiu^f. 
This was tbe grand outline of inlbru&ciD ii>r liit 
conduft of the commodore. 

On the 9th of March 1^00. tlie fleet let bit 

and huving paifcd tbe iQand of St. Jagij, thrf 

met with a violent iterm which difpcrlcd the 

ihips, and obliged one of ihem to put b^ck to 

, , Litbon. Having coilefted bis ffjuadroa sgaiD, 

■■vith the above exception, be pwcvrded en hii 

" voyage, and tleered to the fouib-wcfi, to keep 

clear of the coafl of Guinea. Sailing in thu 

courfe, on tbe 24tb of April, one of tic failon 

difcovered land, to the ineiprellible joy nnd fu:- 

prize of the admiral. The pilots could nut imi- 

gine that it wa» a continent ; but look, it for a 

large ifland. Tiiey however, eniifed aloDg tiwj 

coaft for a whole day, and then vcolunid o* 

lliore, where they found an infinite nuinber 

people entirely naked; and neither refenabtiiii 

the negroes nor the Eaft Indiana. The p»nf 

that bad landed made a lepQxt, ^?Q«. vbesK trtt 

fafe dDchoragc in t.h& VidTOVj, qh-s^*^"^" 

d^^pnoaciied to the Und. 






I 



PRDBO ALVAREZ DE CABII.IlL. 329 

Tlie natives takiug aUinn at Uiia unufual ap- 
~'-ri-n:c, retired to the hillsi and icemed to 
< 'tie motions of the I'oriuguele. Jull 9i 
iJirj vicre gokig to l.ium-ii thdr boais, in order 
to aiLcmpt iomc intirrtdurlcuith thcnt, b (uddcD 
fionu drovi^ ihc ihips iroin ihiir nnchori, iiTicl car- 
vM ilicm down llie roail to a iiarlioiir wbich ilii-y 
called Pucriij Segiirti, or Sale Hurbinir. Here 
two Indians were Ifcurcd, aijii being clothed by 
Dc Cabral's crdcr, were preliriiied with fniall 
mirrnrbjbiarfi nugs, :ii)d bdU. mid ieiit on fiiorc. 
On tlii'i. a great cnni-ourie ol the inhabitants 
CBtiie dawn to the Ihnre linging. dancing, found- 
ing lioms, und lenpiug tu all ibc cxiiUatioii o£ 

i"y- 

Tliefe fnvoiirable apiicaraiires prompted tlie 
«tlniir,il to land : and, ii being Kiilier-rtay, on al- 
tar was erii!:ted tinder a tree, where llu: Portu- 
giicic fang mafs. 'i'lic Indians peiietably ap- 
promhed llicra, kuell witli liic rortiigucic, imi- 
iMled ail llieir gellui'!:<i, ^nd tillcncd with al- 
triiii.iii to a fernion, which Maa ddivered on the 
(lei.ilinii. 

'fills dilVovcrv fccmed of fo great importance, 
that the adinirnl immcdiatcl)' difpatdicd a Ihip 
to Portugal with advice. This btdligcnce was 
liiglily acecplsUe to the mother country j and 
tiiOTgh Brafil has fccn various revolutions and 
changes iinte its iirft difcovery, it has long rc- 
Tnaini'd the moll valunble appendage of his Faith* 
luJ Majcliy. A free iiilercourfe was inftantly 
cfiabliDiL-d between the natives and the Portu- 
guffe in Dc Cabral's Iquadron j they vifiled each 
otliieT, and inti,Tclia!iged civiliuca wiviiOMt.t.liK.iit- 
inve offuljiiciuii. 



i 



Vol. I, 



i 
J 



n 

5 and cOtB 



^ 



■ 330 vciYACfi or 

Tbe co'.inlry produced miiize 
3)>pcnrcd abuud.imlj' f'-rtilc. A Ajn 
cR-ilrJ Id dmr.ir jii)fi'c(lion, whence 
xv.i.s at litti filled Sautci Cruz, l>ut it»' 
altcrwards changed tu Braii], from r 
ciillcd, in wliich it abound)!. TUu ft 
hriiuty of the foil are nol fnpcriov lo ihc 
ty of ihc ciimaic, fi>r here tlic nmivCT I 
\rry pxtrndrd n^c. Several large rivers 
iiitinili: nunilier nf dcliglitful ftrenms 
counliy. The jilaini are Ipacioiis, and 
feoe of nature bcamjfiilly diverlilied. 

At this period, tbc natives were flrai 
tnery hind of learning i and TL-flraiucd 
laws but lliofe of nature. Tiiey had uo f 
except wlicu they were tngaged in v. 
fuch occafioiis, (he man molt diilinguii 
braverv was elevated to the rank of 
Vew of them wore any drefs except on tl 
which was adorned with plumes of t 
Some alfo wore feather ornaments from i 
to the knee, The women iccmed to prtd 
frlvea in combinj!; and drefling their hali 
the men were Ihaved from the lorehcac 
crown. Such a? affefted iincTv, fulpeadt 
of various colours and I'umetimes thells fn 
ears, noltriU, and lip?. They were very di 
archers, and their arrows-, being pointed \ 
bones, were capable of doing much e» 
Hunting was ihelr principal fupport; as I 
cultare, it was fcarcely attended to. ~ 
boats made of the bark of trees large 
contain thirty men , and while one 
board paddled lhe\'e veffcU *\o\%%, anotl 

the water to d'lfturb vUc 6fti«. ■«\i^v" 
I he fur face, were caoshtVu^w^* 



LS I 

\ 









FBDRO «LTABU 

Scir dwrlliogt were 
tclied wiih tc:-'^ "' 

Set era! ; 
Hmdllttp, livcii ■'■11:1 . 

Il)elw«a \\itm, ibe ic J, 

iciKTii, I'liKfirted. Di»' :.< 

fffloli irifiing odcoce; 

lat'siiliti:]. itcjr mi^ht r:\tx: 1.E i^zslcO. i^ luid 
' Jves. 

jnong a people;, where nunnfjfiare* and 
erce mitc li^iidy known, much a^iivitjr of 

■ or of ni.Dd could 'oi t>e dpcded. Thejr, 
^e«r, indulged in fwfting, Gogiog, and danc- 

Jli Ibeir dances ihry difpl.ned liil> agilily. 
ilog formed a ring, mltead (ifincied motioai, 
remained on the Tanic V^Qi, bealiag the 
jud wiih their fret, ia& keeping moifuie 
^th their fong-, which were coropolcd to celc- 
itc theii* own e\|iloits. While one iet w"i» 
Is employed, amnher ki-pt plying them with 
or, til! ihcy could Jlaud no longer ; and then 
Tucceed in their turn. 

J'o revenge an injury, or an iofult, was the cmXy 

jtcM fLT war. Thefe pcopie never thought of 

irgbg their territories, bin only of defending 

Thsir prifoners were treated with tliat 

it of generous feeling, wbieh difiingiii flies 

pvtlized iialioRS; and, from various idiimo- 

there is too much reafon to believe, ihsi 

ne'thcr thought it iinUwful or improper 10 

iflnd eal them. Yet, v.c muft col credit all 

is faid on this fubjctl : the aboriginal 

l^lian'i, though uneiiltivaitd, were natarBlljr 

■ i and we fhould hn^ie,, ii\ ^«\«il, i^Wi- 
\ offuch deteHablc cnmei. 



Xl 



i^ 



2 ,VOTAG« OP 

The only enemy that molefted the irwff of 

he BtaClians, was a wild and ra>;:. '.ilii- 

biting the mountains. Among thi- , tl'^S 

^r wa? the oDly piinifhabie criiOE, aa4 alt l« 
fe the ufual exjiialiou. But if t!)f fT'nJ'rcr 
efcapfd, hi« neareft relations vrei' i op 

as (laves to the heirs of the Acct-^. .1 *U 

fentmenl ceafcil. 

Among the Brafilians, fuperniiton had looj 
prevailed aiid taken deep root. Omens ircreoS^ 
fervcd, and forocry praftifed by a pa rlitulaf or- 
der of men, who were held in high vcnrration, 
and confulted on all emergencies. ThcTepa- 
fons generally carried an arrow, at the ciirenoPf 
of which hnng a cahbafli, wiiliia which 'hrf 

indled ihe leavps of a ceriain plant, and itlli^^ 

ng the fijjuke by their noftrih, foon bctaiue il»- 
tosicated. The)' then rolled their tyrs and 
threw their bodies into a variety of con'ortinoi i 
Ultering an uueonnefled jargon of fcnfr and 
nonfenfe, which the ftcludcd Ipe^tors conCtiiei- 
ed as the effefl of divine itilpiralion, Thcfc ira- 
pofturs were coniiantly attended by (he crcilciloaf 
ronltiludc with cicry mark of refpeci and joyj 
and neither married nor finglc ftmalrs wtw 
thought to be diflioisouR-d by their embrnco. 

Such are the accounts tranimitted to us of ibe 
inhahilarts of Brniil, when it w;i.s firll knowii 
to Europeans. Dc Cabral left bete two con- 
vi6ls, who'e fentence had been dianged to tna- 
(j)itrtfltioD, and of whom he had fcvcral on board. 
Thi-fc were kindly ufcd by ihp Indians ; and one 
ot' thfm acquiring the lauguagc, was inng c^-Jtl) I 
to hit country in Uie capacvVy wt '\T\\MMtyc\. 

S'■(tin^ ftil from l\ie coatv oi %nSv\.v\ift%«*. 
/or the Cape of OuOiiVVoY:.a»Ai»»«^ 





eel 

i 



PEimo ktXXta DE Cjhral. 333 

cnticiimiunts of tlul cmfl, (totuw and lem- 
For the firft limr tbcy law a niter-lpout. 
e 38ih of Mar, and being uiim^u. """' 
hin phcnnmenon, roniid>^'cd it i> *0 ii 
if thir weniher; but rLuidetily, Vu^ha 
irricaiii: amle, (liat fi>ur n^ the lliipc 
d agamrt each otbpr. all.! ' ' " srv 
arii, funk, wiilmul ihc ! of ^ _^_^ 

liem rclirf. iVmong i ' iid i 

5' gravr, w.is the rclci r:iew 

W'Eo bad tiilJ dtntblcd tiie; L^jic, ;iri ', jMic-i 
ny lo ihc Iniiie?. The retrn:Ddcicf the flecl 
ial( fillet! wilii waitr; and lor liie fpa 
o daj5, ihey h.ul no otlicr prufpefi ihan of t\ 
g the faic of their unfnruinatc companir? 
Lc third daj-, the wind fecoicd li> abate, l»i 
konly during the inu-jval of iis veering to 
er point, Irnm whence it began to bk)W 
li iui.'rc;ifed violence, and the waves lo fw 
he height nf mouniaini. This dreadful tci 
Uaficd tvienly ilaj'f. in all its horrors, whi 
W moniem ihreaieofd death ; bul at Icngl 
Itraiing, they found thai ihrv had palled iLi 
g of Good Hope. During this itortn t" 
liad been fcparated ; but afterwards, 
I comijaiiy, faTe ool-, which, after incKrfib 
tn, at iah reached Portugal with only fi| 
live, 

; ad.Tiiral fd] in with the canA of Africa 
l- foulh latitude; stud had a jirof^ie^t of 
ry pkafaDl and full of floek^. But llie d 
Jtclining to have any cominertT with hi 
iicd along the coaR. CuniiDK ^^ ''K^'' 
iflands uear the continrvil, W nW- — ^ ' 
ptafprhor, whicli, ftipv^^l '■V'^^' 
«W to cicape i but wtvc tw^^'*- 



'Vh 



VOYAGE OP 

PortugiieiV, in fi>ite of all thdr efforts. D« Cj- 
bral, on t.-iking poffellion of them, being inform- 
.ed that thiry bdoiiged to a prince allied to the 
King of Mdinda, :rnd that they were proceeding 
from the guld miiici of Sufjla, ditinilfed thfio 
^^untoiicheil, out of complJmr.Dt to a fovcrdgn wbo 
^^Itad iViewn himfelf fo partial tft the Portugucfr- 
The admiral touched at Mofambique, and prt- 
Tiding tiimrdf with a pilot, continued httctntrfe 
to Quiloa. Being arriicd there, he difpaichcd i 
meflenger to Ibraiiim, the king, informins Mm 
that he had letters for him from his P 
Majefty, in terms of friendfhip and 
and th^i, as hi* royal mafler had exprefsly inri 
him to go on ftiore, he hoped his majefty wouV 
honour him with an iotcrview ou the water. 
Ibrahim received the communication with fciiB- 
ble pleafure, and inftantly forwarded I'ume pfc- 
fenls to the commander, with a promifc of niMt- 
ing him next day- Accordingly, he catiw in » 
richly omainoiiteJ voirel, attended by a large re- 
tinue fplendidlv drefled, and armed with Iwordi 
and daggers, the hills of which fparkled with 
diamonds, while the whole harbour rcfouodc'i 
with the mufic of tiutes and trumpets. 

De Cabra! wai ;ittentivc to receive hit najc- 
fly with fuitablc honours > he fainted him with 
tlie great guns; and ordering all his nfficeri, 
dreffed in their richeft uniforms, to attend hen 
ill their refpettive boats, he proceeded in hi* own 
btirg^ to the veflcl in which the king « ■ " 
Mutual compliments palled, he del.. 
ro)-al malicr's letters written in Ar;ibiL-. a^.t cur.- 
miiniL-afeLl the patticuiats o( Vvw iTvItiiS-^.-j'Vitii 
the kins heard with mnr\\ foiJv-'iiK.'^a ■, ■\t.*.w 
JplmJ, dut he fbould Vtcuteiouli ccroSvitex^gP* 



FEtlHO ALTAREZ OS CABBAL. 33 

as his brflher, and [iMmotc his int<rreH wit 
It was alfo iigrpcd, that the next i!;iy| 
ty IhoHlii be fent on Ihore in raiily ill 
and this Inten-iew rnded with ihc mo 
iifiug ap])farancrs of a coriiial and «dva( 
iiB allijiu'e lieiweeo ihe conirnftin^ natior:^ 
liicic proipctls were fuddcniv bUfteii by li 
1 inriniurions nf tlie Arabian merclianl 
rcpn-l'ented tbe Porttiguelc as a fct ol I'ar 
iiy pirates, who, under tlic malk of lYJend 
pl'jtied lo deprive the king ol* his polii; 
, and ravage his coiinlry. Thcl'e iiifiiiud 
were fo potterl'uiiy addteflVd lo llie con 
H) (if thp African prince, lU:il he laid aiiif 
loughts of confirming the propofed alliaiK 
el about putting hi? city in a polUirc of da 
. This uniilGifain newi hfing cnnimuiiicae 
Dc Caliral by ihe Kinj; of Melindas bruthe 
Wat at that time at Quiloa, be refolvcd ' 
It hia voyage, and tu cnufule his etirnii^ 
s condiifl. 
dominioas of Ibrnhim ■a-ere of great 
They reached ntarly fnur hundred leagues 
thceoaft, from Cape Corientes almoft to 
bafla. Theff- territories were populiius and 
if towns; and a number of ifiauds on 
wcrp iriliulary. The king and his fubjec 
Mall omc tans. Qniloa was a phice "f grcj 
, parilriilarly in the gold of Siifiila, 
h account there was a great rrfort of me 
IS friim Arabia Fciix and otht-r regiofl 
fliips herp, as was cullnni.iry on this roal 
built without nails, and wild fraukmcinf 
rmph'veii iiiflead of pitch, 
fljonj Qiul.j.1 ihc ailmira\ ftttTc\ ^ca^'AsSi] 
mon ss lie dropped ai\c,\i>M, ^t \,iwW 






aSG VOVAGB OF 

town with :i11 hi« ordniinrr, nnd Ceii 
anib ■iliidor, who had vifitrd llie tour 
j-al, .itinnlcJ by luui: Von^i^aetr, 
ricli prt-raits ami 3 Irll<-f fri.<n) Kini 
'VUe prcllnts wt^rr Co llirUfiflory to : 
I next ii.iy lir msilf Iiif ^{ipr.ininrt ' 
.ly taparifoiicd «ilh ruruilittc receive^ 
i\jilug;i) i ;iuJ in ihi' ftyle jirtrrcdcd Ui ll 
fiilc, where llie admirtl mci hiiri w!fh h 
trrs in ihcir boats ; miri itic i- 
vit"* iO(ik pl.ice. But nnf.vii :. 
iiig loliciUlioili of the kiuj;, liii; ■ 
eil nwki'ig .my loui^ tliy \ Kc, Imu' 
exil''4, wbt) were ordeii-d. if prjiTildc, tupa 
to Hihiopi.i, wlierc faairr liia reported ibc,: 
(I Clirtftuin priiifc, iind m inliirni rhi^mfi 
til'' minniis aui! ctillonis uf Iii- iinLiiiK-, 
On ih^ 71I1 of AiiijuU, Dc ■ 

Melimla wii'i a fail \*ind, a 

Anchi^liva Iflaiiiii, wlinr waiting a fcwfl 
vain, for the lliip^ of Mp<-ca, Re renew 
voyage, and on the I3tb of September « 
chor iiMr Calk-ut. A number of boat* 
provifioiii lijon vifiled Iiim; niid aflcrward 
of the princip.1l naires, «ith n nirlfiige frc 
zamorin, cxprvHive of tlie pleal'uve he frit 
arrival, nnd with proffi-is of the fincereft i 
fliip. Oa lhi9 the admiral wafied his 
unnr the dty. and fcnt off the fuur Ma 
whom Dc Gsma had Carried nway, with 1 
fingcj to demiiid a fnfc cnndnfl, The t 
feeing their coLintr}'mcn return in gaoA 
and well dreffed. after the Porlugnefe f; 
brg.w lu cme.rt:!!:! t'avouiivUe fenvvsnents (j 
ri/iiO!s. I'he empemT, Mvi, ftn^vti ^m 



[ pxDtto alvabbz oJ cxe»M. 237 
t them to his prcfaicc, He. hiwrvtp 
K yicimlGtaa loi citry- prrfoii to . .inic nu 
Tlie admiral on this (nil Ainii/i> Ilvrti- 
1 an iiiieriiriier, lo iiilui'iii the /amorin, 
was comiuiltioned to fenle a tiaile Aiut 
ip with him, the fole view ofhis coiiiiiigi 
■cforc rcqiiclh-d hfiilagcs, ihni Ik might 
ly frnil on his in.ijcfty, Ih'^ ctitivat 
of ihe principal iiaircs wtrt ri.niurd bjr 
■al as the perfons he IhouM *ilh to he 
board. 

lis thi? wnpfror objtflcd, on nccounl of 

! and irfirmitie*, aiid nominnrfj others, 

ift Arabs fireiinoully exerted Ihenifelvia 

Qt his trufiing any j bul after three dajrs 

.:„„ ,1.= lamorin, cl.ilcd with the pro- 

.i;ial fldmniag^s, difpalehed the 

i. J i.t HdmUal, hLiving delegated his 

III to Saneho de Tour during hi« ab- 

Bid left direftions to entertain tiie hnflages 

pett, I'ut not til deliver them up on any 

;, refoUed to wait on his luajetty ou 

being fettled, feveral of the principsl 
vlih 3 large reiiniie and a band ol'maiic, 
Jt tn condiia the admiral on fllor.^ who 
fonncd that the emperor waited for him 
tilion near the fhore, fet out with all 
flate, a<:companied by hU oliiceis and 
s of the fleet. The hoftages cxprclled a 
ce to enter the (hips till ihi-y law thi* 
landed, being apprelienfive of fume tvr.i- 
Dnring Ibis difpute, De Cabral fttpped 
I, whej-e many princiyi'A \\^ue=i ■«a\\ti!iVsv 
i was immediately (eatfAw « cViivi i^'W 
Ill's train, carried to the ittima. *"^ 



VOVA6E OF 

laigfi covered wilh lapirflrv. at tlic (irtbcr 
of v-tiidi f ■ 
aa, in »n 

■I It.iir, ut vjii;iUHi vdvul. 

i. . :Jlt!.- more I'plfiiJid, ormnferi**, 

tlic UrcU of llic lamorin, His I 
emi wiih a Kin of gold doth i nn-i 
Ts (Irpcndrd htiULifit-. tfimpolrd of (lianir.niU, 
ipptiirc^. Slid pmi'ls. Round his w.iUi be won 
a ]>ierR of white calico embroidered with gold: 
ihc r^lt of hii body was naknl, HU arms, from 
~ic clbmv 10 the wrift, were lomicd wilh brair- 
s of ihe m<^A coftiy ftoncs ; his fingers and too 
rre covered with ringi, and on his great loe 
'as a ruby of the brighlert luftre. But itll thii 
as furpaireii by the riohnefs of hla girdle, wbidi 
'Bi wbolly covciL-d with precioui liune? let jo 
gold, and c.ill a d^iir.hng loftre- Nrar thcttn- 
pciMC Rood a chair of (iate; and hi« lilirx ws 
entirely comijo'ed of gold and Clpcr, iprinklcJ 
"ih jewels. Ihcrc were alio three golden tnim- 
tt iad l'e\cnteeu of lilver, the nioalb^of wludi 
ere fct wiiii grm*; and filver lamp* and een- 
fors finoked with the fweetcft perfumta. At 
fome litilc dirtanop from the zamnrin florid lu» 
two brothers, aud, a little farther off, a train of 
nobles. 

Thf admiral, on hit, admilTion. inundei to 

have kiired thezimorin'shandi but hcine idfoim- 

ed that was not tlie eiirjuetle, he drliHed-, ani 

wjs featsd in a ch^iir iiex.! his majelly, the liighcS 

hono'ir that could lie ihcwu him. He iben d&* 

iiren'd hi' letters of crcdetirc, wi iiica in Arabit^ 

which ^cing re-a\ he. ne-^V fi-,ramaftwwcd his 

OtriTjge, iniporiiiig, thaV v'ivc Wwi^!, 'S ?'«v-m " 

»a* aijxitiua to cuVtivaVe a tt'usi'V'^is^ VvW 



in 



PEDRO ALVABEX DK CAUnAL. 139^^ 

il)i nnd to be permitted to fctlic a faStt»y 
icut, which lliuuld be tonftanilv llipplic ' 
turopeaii eominodHJ-s i and rcqucftt-d iliatj 

by v.\y pf exchange or for inoiicy, 

be allowed to lade his ftijp* wiih Ipice 
ams of this emSniTy appe.ired bighir flnt^ 

to the inmoriii ; and he inlurmtd the nd^ 

that ttjs maftrt fbould be welcome 
ver bis ei't-.' lurplied. 

ile ihe confrfeiice was going on, the pre- 
M'eri" in trod need. Tfity tonfiftcd nl" ■ 
;ht liher hafon gilt, a fountain of the far 
T cup with a gill cover, c.io wFdecs 
four ciiihioiis, two clolhs ol gold, and iv-i 

fon velvft, a cloth of ihxe, ol ftnpevcl*e^ 
with gold, D very fine carpet^ and two rlc" 
of urra?. 
RT iJie audience, the zamorin told the ndj 

that he miglit either retire to the ihips i 

gs 1 that he mult fend ioi the hoftages 

being \it)iirci]fton)ed to the fea, he v-as ccr* 

onkf neither rat uor drink on bonrd i but 
_, t!:at if he rame next day to conclude it 
iatioti, they fliould be again coramitted 
■s for hie feoufiiy. 

s aufpidriis beginning WP6 in danger 
Wafted, by fu.-nc unreafonahle jealoufy ■ 
ides. The fidniiral liaving reached the fea- 

fcrvaiit, belonging to one of the faoflagcs 

before in a pinn^ice, by order of fome o( 

morin's officers of date, to acquaint them 

he admiral wjs coming on boin*d. This 

i<> ffujiicr heard, than Ibey leapt^d into tin 

L order to get off in the Yin\r\aKt, \i«iV fa 

were retaken. TUe, tufl, bwKK^'ra, 

auioag tijcm the culiva\. \vl^i»'^■'*S 



but 
o^^ 






MB • -TOTAGE 

of lodge corered witli lapcOry, at the fartbcr 
end of whiidi ikt the zamoric. crofs-leg^ed on a 
cnfliioo, in an alcove, from tbe lop of which 
bang a cloth (^ flatr, of criinfon selvei. 

Nothing ooold he more fplendid, or more ridii 
than the dieA of the zamono. His hend u-ai 
covered with a cap of gold cloth ; and f'om hli 
cars depended briuiants, compol«d of diamonds, j 
iapphircs, and pearls. Rinind his w;iilt he wore ' 
a piece of white calico embroidered with gold : 
the reft of his body was raked. His arms, irtm 
the elbow to the wrift, were loaded with brace- 
lets of the mofio^ly Hones ^ his fingers and toei 
were corered with rings, and on his great lot 
was a raby of the brighleli luftrc. But all ihii 
was furpafled by the richoefs r>f hts girdle, which 
was wholly covered with precious Hones fci in 
gold, and caft a A-jzi\\ag luftrc. Nrar the em- 
peror flood a chair of ftate; and hii litter u*u 
entirely composed of gold and irlvcr, fprinklcd 
with jewels. There were alfo three golden trum- 
pets and ferenteen of filver, ihe months of whidi 
were let with gem^ ; and filver lamps aud ceo- i 
iota fmoked with the fweeieft perfDmcs. At 
fome little dillance from the xamorin flood lui 
two brothers, and, a little &rther off, a tiaia ti 
nobles. 

The admirat, on his admiffion, intended l» 

have kilTcd the zamorin's hand; bat beinfr infomi- 

ed that was not the etiquette, he de(ifted;'U>d 

vijs feated in a chair next his inaje%> the higbet 

honour that could lie ihewn him. He then de- 

litercd Iiis letters of credence, written in Arabic^ 

nhicb being rca:, he netV witp.wOTvvca.'wi hia 

milftge, importing, tbat ^iit Y^ro^ v.1 "^oirtn^ 

tf-3ji a/ixioLM to cuVtiva^s a tri«nift«f >& « 



'^ fLUMU JtVAlir- '-'■■- ^«*t. 

bant, vlio were iramc;. i.ut on V>ar.i i 

od an de!;2iii hwiic was praviUcd [ 
^rtm.i. ihr t;i(lor, in which he lui^ht 

nettbaiiditc. The graiidl'aihcr i-i t).. 

m fa.-tljL-r .iii[x>in!ed lo in'.imct the ,.,,..- .n 

he Ciiftijiiis anj ui'ngc* «f lli*^ ikimmeiDc Ol tUc 

auntry. Hnwevw, the GuziTJt mml' ■"" f' ■•- 

Eg .1 prcdilcaiitil lor the Aubiaii tr. ; 

hf. Portogiieli^ cum Qioili lies at *liai . . 

ffered, ]md advUtrd Correa to gi\'c ai 

U mcrcbantlilu of India an wa> aikel. <' 

ver cbc iaftur had an audirncr cil' i!ir r-.in'.'>iin^ 

lime of the j\jabian merchants wrrc [irrfrni ii 

Dilnleraft his mcaliirea ! and thi-y rteii pm-ail 

i on ilip Admir.iJ ot Calicut tu proceed lo I'uice 

ejis indicating hcftilities. 

Dt Cabral, afquniiittd M'ilh thefe rof 

id appreheiifivf iliat hcmigJn he attain. 

npcrial fleet, it he remained in the harbour, 

cighed anchor and flood out to fea, th.it he 

night dclibpraie in frcurity on what was to be 

taie. The zsmorin, on this, lent for Correi, 

Jid being apprized of the realons that induced 

►c Cabra! to Itave the harbour, defired he would 

fcqueft Iiis return, and gave prompt orders for 

liftfating the tnachinaticns of the Arabians. 

(e «lf<i removed the Guzerat nitrtchanl from his 




1 



3*3 'inirABB ori 

up In clolb of {old, for tbe a^ 
Pimugat, ID coniifimttoQ of hii « 

lions. The >• ■"■ 'jrderwl 

with the an; (bouli 

ihc lop of Ur.i f-ir.'.-: After til 
ER.trk of the umiinn's plcdfure, « c 
tercijurfe beg^n td cornraonoe ba 
tii-cs attd th« Vorlugu^rR. Rtid 
loulies fpctnpd to 
\Vhi.e Ibrfc It 
Cabi'^il was made 
uefc tliip, with 1' 
bound to Catnbiiyj, ;iiiJ due 
having tiifufcd to Bccommoilate 
aith ur.r of thole animnla, it woi 
ful pien; of Irrvifp. if the Portugo 
iim the veflcJ. This fceins nntbe 
able nor politic -, but the ajtnlral 
umnrin. gave him to underftand 
attack the ihip. thougli he reprefent 
03 daugeious. Sciilible. however, 
periority, he alluiicd only one ih 
tiTpyifc, and gam the Lomnnaad t 
da. Scarce verp tiif i'DiHigaefepi 
engagement, m hf;ii the ihip appee 
xainoriii waited llip event ■with 
tiencc, Attaida inftantly bore di 
till hifl guns could bear with tSc& 
upon llic Ccylonefe, killed a ouml 
before they were near enough to c 
mage, and compelled thetn to ent 
Ibcnirrlvfi by flight. Night comiftg 
ed into the harbour of Cananorc; b 
had not eludtiji tiic v'i^^*^^^ ^"^ ^ 
they again put to tra,aTi4»i* t» 
.renewed, they weie Ivjiteilr-* 



1 






I 



Calicttt, and fecuirtL Ttis cnsagwni^nt gave Uie 

■in 1 very exalfvl idsa of tlic bravery cil' 

rtiTguele, who v j'h cue fmall lliip attack- 
n.-: .inocfcsr of fix linK> the mnfniiiulf- .mil niim- 
bsr cf men ; and he )avillijy pubUilied his I'ctili- 

= on iheoccafioii. 

.■: maiice, which hat! al'd-ays been rankling 
1:1 i.Te breafls ot the AraWans againft the PnrHi- 
piefc, wss now exacerbaicd by envy. They 

H oa [be emperor in a body, nnd wiiJi af* 
zeal, reprefenied ihe conrera ihev felt at 

■ his majefty"s partiality for the rfrangcn, 
he evinced little ri^gsid fur tliofe, wbcjlb 
biig-tried fidelitv and fupport hail entitled them 
to liis entire confidtnec/ Tbf.y infimialed, thai 
the Portuguefe muft infallibly be pirates j as ic 
wai impodible the fair pro6t> of trade LoiiJd en- 
able ilicm to take fucli dilianl voyages. They 
boldly sffimied, that it wa* the defign of the new 
comers to take pofll-lVmn of ihe city and plunder 
the cnuniry; that their faflory would ioon b« 
converted to a fort ; and, in fine, if his tnajefly 
was determined to give fuch a dillingnilhed pre- 
ference to the Portuguefe, it ■was their own in» 
tcniion to remove to fome other town on the 
craft of Malabar, and carry tlicir comniercc with 
them. 

The fuggeftioiis of thefe merchants, though ori- 
ginating fioni fpice, hav; partly been verified by 
iuccceding events, The fattmy has 100 often 
been converted into a fort -, and the (imple na- 
tives have fallen viflims to the avarice or ambi- 
tion of uiigrateful Europcani, whom they were 
eager lo obi gc. On rtcorilin^ tVie '•tlablUtimctit 
nf the (Jrft t'aftory ii\ \nii5, -we ^^y^. "iSw. VS\ 
lorcc of this refledtion. 1\q\v sw.cV'Em^'W^^is-'^^ 
-a 1 



i 
4 



^^^ 



vovAoe or 
iirn for tnnnopnty, or the hn-e af conqnrft. 
pirsd ova Ibme of the nioft frrtilB couiUrio «' 

Tbe ramorln, to pacify tht ' ■ ■ iir of rhe 

Irahtuns, affured tlipm of bi- :e: friemi 

bip, and that he would not deicn tli>:ii' intcrcfts. 
Ic obfcrvcd, ihal he wai dcltroui; of iryitig tlie 
Burage if tlic Portut-wEfc in the Iitc coiiflift, 
lid lti.it it was for hi» r.wn advant:!;;'" am) lh»l 
If hii 'T'juntrv to CQcoxitage their r ] lu-J 

fcrt-oiirff. Tin- incrHiacits were i ir.'iojl 

■lisficd uif h thole rrafons ; and wrrc uiorv ini-| 
»ted againft ihc Poriugnefc thnn ever. Tb^l 
jblicly oppofcd tlit-m, as far an thrv darrd, in 
iic purchafe of i'picrt ; anil tliough the enipoor 
hinifdf had eti?:igM that ilie Hect fhoiild b* | 
idea in tweniy days, three months ebpfed bc- 
bre t»D l)iip<ih:id laid in their full roiuplcnirnt. 

The admiral n.iturally fufpefted ihnt this de- 1 
Jv could not orifp but from the confenl or cm- 
fcfvane* of the laraorin, and therefore fent to 
Dniphin that, ronlrary to the profciSons which 
ad hcep made, the Arabian fhips were fupplied 
rith great facihty and espcdition, while the 
Poriugiiele had conftant impediments thrown in | 
ticir way. This remonftrance roufed the cm- 
_ eror to aflcn his authority; he exprelFed hi* 
artonirtinipnt, that the Arabs ihould dare to dif- 
Bbcy his commands, by a clandcfiine purchafe nf 
pices, and ordered that the Portuguefe ihould 
Bve iheir lading roniplefd out of the (lore* ae- 
iimulated by them, paying, however, a fait I 
price for what was thus wrcftcd oat of the handi | 
of (be ea/lern meTchatvt'i- 
T/iis aift nf fnvem^n yo*"^ ?,*""^ '■^* V*** 
jtJie oj>i;ortanity which V.'M \o(^% ■«^*^'^*' ''^ 



"■*SW) U.T7vkEZ OC ClBtll. 349 

iixiy, on? ol ng 

gaapkiblidy :^ . ;.... -. ,- , ihc 

pruGCtedmbU fchcto, )ur:ii.i a (^abai 
VDC of his CQunirvmcn, ad utcii ty(lhis 
|ias were nioli rrienilly to the arw inlcttft," 
tfuaded the la^lor. tliat it w:i« kU tlul/, 
^rmity to the imptrinl iruitiitmc, to fci^.u 
pices. Corr&i, caught by iKu fpccious ad- 
^commended to the jdmiral to c.ipliirc ifac 
^l firfthe dr-clir.edit, npprr.hfnlivc pf tltc 
^nces : but, on trilenitrd a[i)iiic;iliuna, 
I factor engaging to aiilwer tor iiiiv diingci 
[gl>t arifL-, De Cdbral feiit to intorm the 

[that he muft not depart without tiU per- 
But the Arabians hs was concerted 
tliem, dilri^garding this ihrrnl, the^iilmi- 
pnandcd his otficcrs to arm l!m bo:iis. and 
IvelTd, which wat under fail, back«gaiu 
i harbour. The owner, n pr.rron of great 
and influcHLT, highly rnr.igcd nt this 
[ing, though he had planned it, aflVtnblcd 
uid» and adhaciii.i, and rcpaiiiim to the 
grievnully cnnipiajiiing, thnt the Poftu- 
[^er h-i«ng am.iircd mmo fpicn and 
"laii they had, were vei difcmilCTilcii.ari'], 
and piraiM, willicd to fciic ll. 
'ore dcmande'i pcrtoiifion i.. 
and to execute r'-vi-i.s;i. for the yiiju. 
rdoluiiou ul' the wimiJiiti, whkh Usd 
beeo fluauaiiag, now g*t'c w*/ to 
-•■refent-li'jiT. ; nr.-! [ic intimated thst 



rlt-a'.^/i-^r,-- 



Itr 



Y 5 



■ 34d VQYILGE OV 

I high, and. at this time, ftventj' men, including 
I the friHrf, «"«■<; within its bounds; but, exdufivij 
I of ibeir fwords, thry had only a few crofi bow* 
I A fmall pany of Arabi at fitll advancing, 
I Porluguefi- liopfd tn be abip to defend tijeir gatoij 
" Bui llic numbers of (he aflailants rapidly incrc-ftl-J 
ing, and tbc Ponugaefe having alrrady loft fiv 
men, with difficulty (hut Ihcir gates and bc^ 
, took thrmfdvcs to the wa)!i «*i(h their crofs- 
buw6. Correa perceiving that the enemy amciunl^ 
ed to four hundred kjcu, and that they vc 
rounleoanccd by leveral aiircs, hoiHed a iSag < 
diRrefs. 

The admiral being indifpnfr.d, Immcdiatelj 
frnt Saiidio de Toar, with all the bnan and 
lirong deiaclifncnl to the relirf of the fafloryj] 
bdi this officer ihniight it dangerous to land inl 
the face of fuch an enemy, or even to appmaelil 
too near the (bore, Meanwhile many of ihe be 
(Ic'grd being wounded with an ineeflitnt flioWcH 
of arrows and fpears, and perceiving the Arabfl 
preparing their battering engines, they refiilvfal 
toabaiidon the faflory by a donr opening lothel 
water fide; but the enemy pretlcd ihemlo clnfc-| 
ly, that only t-s-cnty elcaped, The grrarrft pnil [ 
of the wounded died ; and fifty were either kill- 
ed or taken prifoners on the fpot. Amonglliel 
former was Ayre-s Correa. The foil of that gm-I 
tleraan. a beiv about cleveji years of age, whoaf-l 
leni-ards wjs renowned for his bravery and rdi> ! 
lution, was faved by ihe perferering eftbi'ts uf «l 
faiior. who fwain with hiin on b'lard. The niFr-l 
f/j.vn(Iife Joll on this occafion amounted lo fotw| 
thoalaaii dnrats. 
The admiral was 3i.0T\ce\tmj':':S5.f^6.-«\'ii,' 
si fired wiiU.-j6[enl.mw.v. ifti fe'^'^^War? ' 




PEDBO AI.VAnGZ DIE CABBAL 345 

coming toan openrupliire wiih the roriiigiiefe. 
Immeiiiatcljf, one of the piincipLil pcrfous ;iniong 
them Ijcgan p'.ibiicly to ttike iii iiis liidiiig, aud, ihc 
belter to fucceed io his rcliciT.e, formed a cabal 
witli fome of liis countrymen, aid fudi tif Uie 
sativcs as were tnoH friendly to ihe new intercft, 
who pctfuaded the faftor, that it was his d'jly, 
in conformity to the imperial mandate, to I'eiztt 
thefe fpicei. Correal, caught by this fpecious ad- 
TJce, recommended to the jdmiial to capture tlie 
fliip. At lirft he declined it, apprehenlivc of tile . 
ooufcquences : but, on reiterated applications, 
•fid the faftor engaging to aufwerfor any danger 
thai might arife, De Cabral fcjil to inform the 
capt^'iiii itat he muft aoi depart witliout hJs per- 
million. £ut the Arabians, as was concerted 
among them, difregardiog ihis threat, the admi- 
ral commanded his officers to arm the boats, and 
tow theveflcl, which was under fail, back again 
into the harbour. The owner, a per fon of great 
wealth and influence, highly enraged at this 
proceeding, though he had planned it, alTcmbled 
his friends and adherents, and repairing to the 
palace, grievoufly complaining, that the Portu- 
guefe, after having amafled moie fpices and 
drugs than they had, were vet difconiented.and, 
like robbers and pirates, wi/hed to ffize llie whole. 
They therefore demanded permiffion to redi'cfa 
themfelves, and to execute revenge for the inju- 
ry. The rcfolution of llie zamorin, which had 
canftnntiy been fliifl:uating, now gave way lo 
thcfc reprefcnLations ; and he intimated that 
ihei' might fatisiy themfelves, 

TJiis laial compliance wU^vlhe.vcwWws.'os&TOt, 
abtained, thev haliencA bacV. vo ?LS■»xi^^iA.'U£Mi- 
7. The walls of uVia \i^i^.&Tl^ 'set* ^^"^-Si 
Y 3 "^ 



I 



i 

I 



Rid VOYAGB OF 

igh, and, at (his time, fevcntjMnen, loduding 
ilic friars, were within its bounds; bttt, cxclufire 
ot their fwords, they had only a few croft ho-M. 
A fmall pany of Arabs at firft adraociog, ihe 
Portiigucle hoped to he able to defend tli^lr gitct. 
But the minibera of iheaflailanls !■.■■ if- 

ing, and the Ponuguefe having al. i»e 

men, with difficidty (hut their gate.;, ;uiii he- 
took themfclve? to the walls with iheir cro6- 
bows. Correa peroeivingthailht: enemy iimoiuil- 
cd to four hundred men, and that they *nf 
conn teas need by leveral aaircs, hotHed a 6Mf of 
diftrcft. 

The admiral being indifpofe.d, immediitdf 
feot Saocbo de Toar, with all the boats and ■ 
ftrong detachment to the relirf of the fsflofji 
but this officer thought it dangerous lo land in 
the face of fuch an enemy, or eien lo ajvpmcb 
too near the (hore. Meanwhile msny of the be 
fieged being wounded with an tnccfliint ihiwer 
of arrows and f pears, and perceiring the Arab* 
preparing their batiering engines, they TvCA<rr4 
to abandon the factory by a doir opening to (lie 
water fide; but the eneniv prefled tbemfo clifr- 
ly, that only twenty cl'caped. The gr<-atrit pirt 
of the woimded died ; and fifty were either kill- 
ed or taken prtfouers on thf^ fpot. Amoan llie 
former was Ayres Correa. The foil of thai pa- 
^^emaij, a boy about eleven years of age. vrboaf* 
Hpterw'ards was renowned for his bravery jtnd refo- 
^'lutifin, was faved by t!ie p^fevwing cffnrti of a 
failot. who fwam with him on board. The roer- 
rlMn'lifc Jolt on this occafioD amouDtcd lo fi 
ifioufnad ducats. 
The admiral was ai. oucs. "i-oav'^':'?:'* "^*. 

with leCoaunca'-v MA^^^--"a'^*; 



BDI9 tXTAXa m ClCXAt- 
tr- HcictiBiml witka^S7[ 
Twer firMB liii imfcfiy .w ba c xpn M td 
iiriTal of ibel^KTagaefc: and 
ativsd tvo of ill* ptrndpal oaso » 
^ coodhioa that the^ migfat be 
By, faentde, hj the mBflOM of Uk 

kuU lbc;r °»^ c^ 'xi flop-baanU 
MR tppcw in (be prefcDOc of ro^lif. 
Bdminl, pluicd villi thU mlpicioos 

S, BpfwniedGonxaloGil Barbdii hisfic- 
i gav« hiin a derk, on iuterpretert mi 
lies as IcTvanti. 
I of the priocigMl ofBtxn of ftate iimiicdi- 
ndodeil die fa&oi to co>jjt i but bere wsi 
i the inagniDcence and giaadeur of Cali- 
ihe priiK« bimlclf was iDditTereDilj clad ; 
Is of his palace were witliout bingirigsi 
treAuuilbed wiih feat* railed in, wbeni 
ig iat wiihout any external pomp. Aj 
llie taftor was ininvliiced, he prefenled 
' waftiiog bow^!, full of iaSioa, a filtrr 
cilh rofe water, and I'muc branches of co- 
he hing accepted the prefenf «fitb appa- 
tafare, thanked ibc admiral in whoft 
had been oft'cred ; and li:iving convcrfed 
lie witli tiic Jattor, coiniuaiided that be 
retinue fliould be well acivHuniodated- 
idmiral was avcrlc in tniliiog' mure men 
e, apprchenfivc of ihc misfortunes vHiicb 
il hii ftSory at Calicut -, but the cveDt 
, that miftrufl was ht-re niinecclTarj'. The 
age ibe Pcrtogucte experienced, the dif- 
'ith whiih the llups n-trc laden, and the 
lerfne/s «iili whicii llie naVrtes ww**s^ 
iSaitce, (hewed thai ll\c ^t"^'^'*^'^'**'^ 
the IcDiinicnti ai Vi« \v«»^' 



El 



^O VQYAOE or 

•The lading being completed, while the a4mt- 1 
ml via on Oh/ic, he teccived & vilii from i«-o 
Indian Chnitiirt, bioifaeis, who cxjireiicd Uidr 
wiOi lo iftil to Ponugal. in order lo vitit Boioe 
and Jcrufalerr. Tbeic Chnltians were detiomi- 
n.iled iVom Si. Thomas, who having prcachrd 
the jjnfjjel in the tail, ludfextd maityrdom nrwj 
Mailraj, Cabfji luiertogjied them whethe 
they belong d to ihr Latin or Gtrrk cbuich.j 
and if ihc Lowitry Irnm whence they caine ■*»• 
\vhi'lly peopled with Ctirili;3n*? One of then 
replied, that the i h.Tbi;j,i;ls ivcre a mixture 
Chhftiaiis, Jews, Pagan", ami Mahi'metans, 
Syria, Egypt, Terfia, and Antbijii that th< 
Chriitians were fiiijta lo a (ribuLe, and hB(| 
a quarter of the ciiy to themfelves, in whU' 
l)u-j ■were indulged with a church ( but it had 
reidiei croffea, image?(, nor Leila. He farther 
fald, ihat they had ihiiirown pope, under whom 
were twdie cardinals, and two patriarchs, wit 
many arthbilliPiJS and bifiiojis, who refilled ifl 
Aniicnia) to which place all the clergy refnrie' 
lor oidrrs. and to obtain inllitulion lo iheir cult 
nr Jigfiiiltt, the j'lril'diftion of the pope eitendJ 
iiig oier India ard Caiay. That ihu two patri-^ 
arch*i rr'lided in thofe provinces, and ihe bilhop 
were rufperfed in the different cities thnwgh 
cul iLii imroer.fe cj.teiil. He added, ih:it theifl 
foprwne head was called Caiholicoa, and tha 
tlieir tcjiifuic was made m tiie form of a croli. 

'I'hc admiral having hrnrd this detail, tcadilf' 
granted their requcll of conveying tliem to Por- 
tugal. Sooij after this, melTengers arrived 6on 
tba kings of Cananoie awiCwviavs, vmilingtiK 
Fartugut-ff to come ariA V'''^^ ■>^ '^"^■>-' V'^ 
H-Aere fpicea fliould be. iviiui'iviA w vVt ^-^j 



rBDRO ALVAREZ DK CtSRAL. 24^ 

gtcatiDtegrity. He returned with a verypolite and 

civil anfwer from liismajirily, who exprelled his joy 
U the arrivaJ of the Portuguefe ; and immediate- 
ly difpatchcd two of his principal naires as hof- 
tages, (iti condition tliat they might be changed 
ivery day, becanfe, by the ciiftoms of the coun- 
try. Ihould they ouce eat on fliip-board, they can 
tievcr more appear in the prefence of royalty. 

The admiral, pleafcd with this aufpicioiB be- 
pnoing, appointed Gonialo Gil Barbifa his fat- 
»r, and gave him a clerk, an interpreter, and 
four exiles as fervants. 

Some of the principal officers of ftate iromedi- 
itcly conducted the fador to court ; but here was 
lone of the magnificence and grandeur of Cali- 
Mt. The prince himlelf was indifferently clad ; 
:be walls of his palace were without hangings, 
lod were funiilhed with feats railed in, where 
he king fat wlthnut any external pomp. As 
OOD as the faftor was introduced, he prefented 
I filver walhing bowl, full of faffron, a filver 
!Wer, with rofe water, and ibmc branches of co- 
'aJ, The king accepted the prefent with appa- 
■cnt pleafnre, thanked the admiral in whofft 
lame it had been offered ; and having converfed 
bate time witli the faSor, commanded that he 
md his retinue Ihoulcl be well accommodated. 

The admiral was averfe to trulling more men 
wihore, apprehenfive of the misfortunes which 
ittcndcd his factory at Calient ; but the event 
bewtd.that miftruft was hore niiiieceifary. The 
LJnd ufage t!ic Portuguefe experienced, the dil- 
wlch with which the lliipa were laden, and ihe 
rank akttnefs with whtcVv V\>t vii<v>i«i x(W&?:^^«Ss. 
hemalMancc, ftiewed vUaX. tt\fe '^xo^.'^'Sww '*- 
tepiince were the fcuiitvvenVs oi'iivi^i-^*''^- 



i 



t 



SS3 voTASB or 

Ihc fldmiml to Cat, were at hA recoaril^d to 
thrJr fituntioii. 

The miliiiig fliip having joined, tiicy arriToJ 
on liic caill ul' Qinaiiori-. wlicre ihc king rrpeit- 
t(l liis invilalion, which induced the ndmiriil to 
euier ihc port, llic citr of Cnuniiorc is triv 
hrge, sua is filuattd liiirly-otie Itagucs to the 
north ol" Cochin. The Ixij Uinns a commodion* 
harbour, and the houlcs are earih cov«i-d with 
llates. The lurroimdiiig couniiy proti' 
gcr, cardsmums, caffia, myrabolaiu, .1. 
rinds, and all the neceliiiries of life. The hikcj 
ore full of alligators ; and we are gravely lolJ, 
by the original narrator ei ihij \oyagc. that the 
adders arc lb venoinpiis as to kill with -tlieir 
breath. In tifltural hillorynwftiif the ancient voy- 
sil^crs arc miferably deficient } and whilr they in- 
dulge in the wnnderful, tliey fai-riftce ftiejicc anif 
truth. This we lliculd freijuently have ocxalitm 
lo remark, were it otir with to make rnnarki on 
abfuiditie-s now exploded, and which can only. 
be mentioned to excite a fniilc. 

The king of this territory was one of the 
independent princes of Malabar, but left opnleci' 
than the Zamorin of Calicut or the King of 
Ian, Here the admiral ftipped four hundred 
quinlnb of cinnamon and fome ginger ; hut the 
king fufpefting that the linall quantity he bought 
srofc from a deficiency in pecuniary refourcei 
occalioned from the ItiSts he had fuHained at Cnli- 
cut, i'ent in a moft generous manner, to offer 
credit for whatever he might pleafe to have. 
De Cabra!, having returned merited thanks, wm 
miBiVJing to leavi; the Viii^'wS'iV wK^^etlioijs of 
''J« [luvcrty ; auA Vo ciniNivicc V\s wia^Acj (A'^ 
■Ilittrcei, ihcwcd Oic n\efie.a%,« * '^^'yi fem.^ 



1 




BXtXf. Dod rfuird 1 -J- 

ifcf at prrinit. 

:, dui bcbaH u >si- 
'■bjcAr IB onwTnt ibe 

1 j.ift h^gnn. Dc C«bnl 
imnore, aixi procTrdcd to 

,t- l:a ll-j; i>"i>:r^tci Tndiji tf uot AJrica. 
[lairage lie (i^.k ti '.-rc^ iliip; but biidiae 
nged (o Ci- -A her witfi 

that his i Htr tra* at 

war in India witli no:ic "o ■■. of Ca- 

licut, anil ihe Arubiaii-i . . . , n whom 
Iiv liud futTerifd iiidigiuUn lual <icui>a<icd sd 
adfmtarc R-taUatiiin. 

Aft ilii-y were api'rcaching i!ic African llif.rE, s 
terribip norm arol't. iti wlikli ilie lliip cointiund- 
ed bv Saiuliu de Tear, one of tJic bcft in ihw 
flrei.Mai diiven on 3 b^irk, Lind llvirk fall. Tlie 
tri:w aril cargo were faved, and dlftrihiUed 
Biuong the other vclUli: after wliicli (lie was 
buliif^d, to prevent her falling into llii! luinds of 
the enemy. Ncjiwithft^inding ilils prt-caiiiion, 
l!ie Kin§ of Mumbafla, by luucli indiaftf}', fuuni! 1 
mcaiiM to recovcrihe great guni,whidi lie elK-rciu- 
cd 11 moft valuable tiTal'ure. The tcmpefl flillj 
coniiniiing, they pafll-d Milinda without licingJ 
ohlr to bring to, mid at lall rcaclisd Mi>raml>iijui;,J 
where ihey ti;iiiid it neepilary In rcfii ihc iliipii. 

T!ii* bfiiig aotomplillied, De Tnar was dif-J 
intched til exaitiine the i-oaft of Sofala. while 
th*-3diiui'»! proceeded on hisvoTMjuc; and haviufl 
donbled the Cape of Good Hupc nn tlic 2'2<l ol 
Uiky, arrircd at l.itbon on tUc laft A*^ <i\ l^V^ 
iSOt, wi'iiiout any oilii:r imicuiVoccwtvcwat. 
Vot. I. Z 



voTaoK or 
,e adiBJral to eat, were at lad reconcilpd to 

,elr fi mat ion. 

Tlic milling fliip having joined, thty anrni 
on ihe coall ut Canantnci wliert ihc king rrpol- 
*d his invitation, '.Thich induced \i\i- adroiril M 
^«Dter the port. Tbe citr of Cananorc u trtr 
brge, and is fituated ihirty-one league* to tba 
Dorth of Cochin. The bay forma a cumainiiem 
harbour, and the houles are earth coveied »iili 
tci. The fuiTomididg country produce* pn- 
_;er, cardamums, callia, niyrabolans, and i/tt'^ 
rinds, and al) ihe neceti"aries of life. 1 
are fid 1 of alligators; and we are graii 
bv the original narrator of this voyage, liiai i^ i 
adders arc fo Tcnoraous as to kill wiih ilirr 
breath. Innatural hiltorynrnftofthfanc 
agers are mjferably deficient ; and whilr 
dulge in the wcmderful, they facrifice fciencc ind I 

k truth. This we (hould frequently have oocatid ' 
tp remark, were it our wiih to make rcnurki oo 
Bbfurditie? now exploded, and which can oDlf 
be mentioDed lo excite a fmile. 

The king of tliis territory was one of the thne 
independent princes of Malabar, but lefn opoleM 
than the Zamorin of Calicul or the King ofCaar 
Ian. Here the admiral Ihigiped four bui>dn4 i 
<3uin(nU of cinnamon and I'ome ginger i bai llic I 
kingfufpecting That thefmalli|uantity heboagbtl 
arofe from a deficiency in pecuniary refaarai 
occafioDed frum tl)elotreshehadl'aftainedat C«H- 
cut, lent in a molt generous msnntr, lo oSrt 
credit for whatever he might plcafe lo ho«e- 
iJe Cabrali having returned meriied thauks, 
twui/fing to leaie tht \i\u% -wXvV wn^i-jftiem* > 
A;« puvcTly; ami to cuuMince Vi* wia'itft.-? <*> 
tefuujcea, ilicwcdtUc iiwa«»S«« »\MitVo 



S4 VOVAGB OF &-C. 

Tliis espcdiiion had met wkli msny dUaftenl 
iiim;il a vnncty of difticiiKics. Ofall| 
hi ■Illy itK riiiuriied. amcing whicli wai! 

lli: lu.it. tvlio ilif \y readied l^lboii iu a fcw[ 



8ICC0ND 




SECOND VOYAGE 



OP 



"jiSQUEZ DE GJMA, 



TO THB 

EAST INDIES. 



ITE Portiiguefe, anxious to reap tlifi 

lieft poilibie fruits of their difcaveries, ex- 
d all tlicir ipirit and aaivity for this piirpffc. 
jre tbe arrival of T)c Cjbral, Jiiaii de Neuva, 
itivc of Oalicia, and a molt;n.Tompl.lliedfi:a- 
i, had bctii fent out with another Iket to the- 
His orders were to touch at Sofala, then 
luiloa, and from thtnce to |*roi ted to ChIi- ' 
j and if he found Do Cabrnl tlicrp, to put 
felf and his fquadroii under tlie command 'jf 
. admiral. De Newa having found a kucr 
San Bias, f^iving an arccjiint bow matters 
d at Calicut and Cochin, aSed wiili the nc- | 
iry caution. He arrived fafe at Cochi , and 
id lliat the king was higiil)- and defervedly 
;nl'cd a!;ainrt De Cabral for carry! g awayj 
boftages, and that the Moors and meri'lrii 
t.iketi everv Hep to prejudice his maJEf 
mil tlic Portugiirfe. Hehad.lwiwv'JM,! 
facioiy /ome ilegree of proiettttm ■, XivM^ 
^^^".Jjucea were to be. \ii:ocu'se ' 




258 



Dr 



fit 



I 



tIEST VOTiOX OF 

Neuva being anlf foininied triih 

■i-i wliicll hi- naii to <*-Xrliangr, vsij 

prOTi.-crf to Cari.inore j but here li>0 , 

Ilit iViiiugtipft I'Dinmodiliei wi-rc in loo lUil^ 

fltmuliun lu [iroturt a liitllnE i nud had not i 

king tni-^'inf i'poiifor loi' a cargo, ibc fliii» rauft"^ 

icn.-t.irni:4 empty. 

The jtarniriii, iicaring tbnt his cne.niiei nvr 
on ihe caltj fittrd (lilt a powprful arniiimenH 
Stlnck Ihein wMlc thry l.iy al Canoiinre. Dd 
Keuva, tiot iiitiinidjti^H by numbers, lieercd Iii^ 
lo the middii: i)f the baj-, and ordered bis ihip 
to p(iur ill broadfid<.-« in all directions, it' tlit Im^ 
disn fleet advanced. A caiiiionade coniiiicnc 
befoir the (•nt-my could approach near i-_iu.agli \i 
ulc tbrir Dilliile weapons, aiid iimny gt' lln 
fliip? uf rr funk «'ithi>ilt doing the leaft injuryt 
the I'')r<ut;ucl(;. This unequs] rombal conlj 
not lall long. A ting <if t:-ucc- w^t hung oat I 
the ludiana, aiid aJii-r ibme Inclfeftc.a! nriltic 
lo entrap ilic EurDpeinn, ihey retiinied to CaliJ 
cut, balHed in all ihcir aims. D-^ Neuva hav" 
l,ikei] m Ms lading, relDrned to PurLugal withal 
hiii Ihips. After his depsriiire a mi llhj^ »"^ 
brought In Caiianore from the /amuri", to > 
cufe his furmer coTiducl i sud offering infficien 
pledges fir their lecurily, lliould the PortUguG 
l>c difptili^d lo rr'ncw UiHr iraffi'.'. 

Thi^ (iiorr Jkt-tch uf a eovii^e, not t^tri 
portant iu iUeir, ii a ii'^ceifAry link in the chai^ 
of irnrliiclions. 

De Cabral. li.wing made it appear ineontcfi 

bly e\'i(lent . that wa^oat Uw cnnilicalinn ot for 

■it would he ilnpoff\^l\e ^'' ^'•*'^'> VwVwwwW. ' 

"^ hi* PovVii?ttt.-fr. ^'Vi-i^'a-,- \<-v.^- ww "is 




VASftUEZ BE OAMA. 257 

waicx the celebrated Vn(t]V&7. dc Gama} Ihf Tc- 
contl of five iinder Vincent de Sodre; nnd llin 
third of rts mnny, undur Stephen de G;im,i. The 
whole was to bf^ fubordiiiatf; to VaCque/, lo 
Ti4iom the king dHivcrrd the flng with great I'o- 
leninit)' in the cathedral, and mnfen'ed on liim 
the tillp of Admiral of the Ealh-ni S-as. With 
him rtiLirned the ambalilidor^ of Cochin nnd 
Gati.innre, who liad bepD miifli diliingiiidifd and 
cirplff-d at eniirt. The two tirll f[|itadroi!.s let 
tiil in ^i.ir'h, the other followed about the bc- 
gliitiliiir ol Msy. 

Otf Cape Verd, the adnilrpl fell in willi a thip 
for I.ifhr.n, rirhly laden with gold, ■wliicli De 
ftima tU'piaved lo the Indian ambalTadora 39 a 
proof of tht rich refonrccs of his connliT. They 
candiiliy ronfeiU'i!, ibat this did not accord >''ilh 
the repvi'fentaiion'; of ilie Venetian ambalTador 
ill Portugal 1 for i)r(t he had giien tlicni tu un- 
tlrrlUnd. that without the alliftance of the Vrne- 
tuaa, the i'lirttiijnefe were loo poor to put ftips 
lu lea. Tliis mode of fupplantint; their new ri- 
val* ill llie cominiTce. of tliP Eait ivas not veiv 
hononrablf ; but wJicrr is honour to be found, 
whi^o interrfi (lands in tlip way ? 

iV Ginia doubled tiie Cape wilhoiil aiij^re- 
nurLablr oceurrence, and thni piocpedrd with 
four of liis fnialielt virllcls for Hiifa'a, wliilf! 
ihe rell continued ilidr vovflftc to Mi^rnmhiipic. 
The kinc;N orders wtre, to obfevve tile iitualion oF 
Sofala. its convenience tor urefting a fort, and 
to fsaniine the gold of the country. Having 
entered into an amicable treaty with tin": kit'';,. 
lie obiaiuffl permiflioit \i> etpft. vv ii^T\.-, ■ktv^-wni.- ^ 
taal pri'l'ents wrrc (■\cliaKgcA. TV\% \f\v.^».5vv.p-tC- 
«i«u;jkrf (ii'cnty-fivc days, and. vV.*:. liva^-^ ^■^*' 
Z3 



i 



2S9 FIIUT T0VABI «W 

bis leayt! irith mud. fioiifeffiao at kaving W- 
conipliihed bb objefit i but ia tanuDg out of the 
river, hnd tl)enuifaitiine toloTeiSK (rfhul^i. 

Having rrached Mt^iBibiqae, wbae pot af 
bis fleet £ia4p'cccdedliiin, be ftru^ np ■ leagii 
with the king, wk> hsd nunifefled 1<) mncfa »- 
ludancc to it inhii fonner vojtge : utd £Kti»r( 
obtained penniflion to eftablilh i ASnrr: the 
obje£t of which watt to fiiniilh a depot of prari- 
fions for fliips going and rctaniiDg nam tulm. 

Oti tbe i3th of Jnly he anired ■( QoiImi nd 
ill revenge for tbe ill a&ge experienced hf De 
Cabral, detomiiicd to compel the king to bo- 
come tributuf to Pottagxl. Ibrahini. i^m^ 
fear, rattier than relped, waited on htm, m toia 
as hearriTcdi whea Dc Ganu, knowing hupo^ 
iidious difp(^tioii> tbreatened to ""fiw? Ima 
under tbe batcbec. nnlefs he innnediMdf ^f^ 
lutM tn psy a tribute to bis royal mafier. Tlie 
cjptU'c prince had now no alternative. He en- 
gaged to advance two tboulaud miticals of gold 
yearly ) but with bis accuftomed duplicitjr, gave 
an his pledge a wealthy^ Moor, named Mzboniel. 
whom he mortally bated, and was bappf to get 
rill of. Ibrahim being liberated on tbefe conoi- | 
tions, nul'oonerfoundbiml'elflkfeoniliOK.thaii ' 
he renounced l|is engagement ; not fo mocb to 
favc the, money, 31 to provoke the admiral to de- 
iVrny Ilia fecurity ; and the Moor finding hinifelf 
tr.-.pptd, was glad to pnrcbal'e hii frcedon bv 
jijyiuf; the tribute hinifelf. 

H.iving here formed a junAion with tbe rcfiof 

fli>' llrct, the admiral recommenced hit TOyage, 

ami jjalliiig MtVmda, ■wai.MiA \ti ^ Ur^ tav 

a^'/ui eight lcai>.i& Avft-AVici, -w'tett Nml cb^wbJi. 

ii:\udl lliips. Oft teaawt *»'»&-<& -Wto- 



Le fdl in wiih a large' vellcl bdougmg to iLe 
iukan of Kgvpt, which was richly laiirn, and 
had niaiiv principal Moors on bgn(d, who wltg 
going on d piJgnmage lo Mcut-a, Thii (hip he 
took after a vigorous rdittanw j and guiiig oit 
buard, commandtd the Moors to produce iheir 
intTchamlire, on pain at' being thrown into the 
fta. They pretended tlwt all their elfefls were 
k'ft at Calicut; hut one ot' iheni having been 
bound hand and fcml, and thrown ovprb^lard^ the 
reft were fo intimidated at this dreadful exam- 
ple, that they produced their property. The 
children were thtn carried into llie admiral's 
ihip, and ihe remainder of the plunder dill rilnit- 
ed amniig the foldiers. Nnt latislied with this, 
the veirtl, with ail her pnlffogers, was ordered ti» 
be Fet on fire. Rut the Moni's having hrolteii up 
the hatches, uudi'r which ihrv were confined, 
and quenched llie flames, ivhith btigan to rage 
around them, Stephen de Gama was ordered lo 
Ijy liiem on board. Defji^-rale wirh ihe immi- 
nence of their danger, the palVenfjcrs received 
him with great refoliuion, and even attempted 
to burn the other lliips. Night coming on, gave 
a refpite to this work of horror; but lu invete- 
rate was the rage of De Gama, that he ordered 
the iliip to be clofely ivatrlvd, that nnne might, 
by the fnvonr of the darkneCi, efciipe lo til's 
Ihore imd elude his vengeance. During ihij 
drtfadful night, thcs poor Moors, with nnavail- 
ing prtwcrs, invoked thealhlhuiceof llie priiphet. 
Tin; morning found the atlmiral relcntlefs anj 
•DpJtying. His brother bOiirded the vtllcUa-'^A 
etting' (ire lo ii,dro\e t\itTS\<«.i\^,^VtiK'Sv™^**^ 
' infrfc-(S:n,il iiruf;^\e, iut<i vW ■^>tn>'^- ^■■■wR'^ 



flBsT VWYAUK or 

f ronfumed ; aiiil tin* Moors, wlicii tlir ftaniM 
Tcrapiill)' approaching ilirni, lenprii infu Ihc 
witli Iwlclirls, and iVimmin;;, ali^rkni rhcir' 
inliiiin.ui unrliiPr'!. Tn (iriilli tliU iiif UiniJiiily 
lali-. lit liatx humtri'il ["Tlijiis, ;imi)iig wlioui 
;rc ibiriy women, noi one cfrrtpul tin- fiie, 
[C iVord, (ir tlie wave*. Cfiii humcnity rcail 
04 witlioiit a IMr' nn<!linllij)iiilv.lif.ir it. witli-l 
I n lijulh ! ■rin-l'i' vi/'limi lit' nnprovokcti frirl-' 
will rini- dny be heard :il an htipufilii] iribunni, 
'hcrv all ihc fame nf I>c Gamn. ami all the In- 
Airt, ciiiiiil he poflVfi ihi'm, would hi- given lo 
filcncf their vnicp I 

"riii' nilmiml having-rmrhpil Cnii.iiifw:, Ictit 
to ffiijiwiiit thf king thill lit- drfirnl r t'onftrcur 
wiih him. Tfi iiiciliiat): iliii iiilcrvitw. a wood- 
*-ii bridijc wa* i/oliliriifttd, traching ti great Wt 
intii ilif lea. nnd fjirrad wjih rnrpcts. At the 
cikI ul' lilt* bridRo, idWiirdu Innd, wiw n litmie 06 
wunfl. lilfcu'iri' t'uriiilhcd with carper*. The 
kiiij; arrived lird, aunuli'd by an irtidwrnll' 
flfiiaircs, tnirtiiiftt riiiindliiii, anJ "thi^r inftm- 
uirtils if miilir phyiLig lii'fiirr hii1l. Snon artpr* 
rnmplbr :idmii*fll, in'com[wnicd In' nil tbi- Ipnili 
^■^ilii- fictit, iMi-aring tings, unci tiiriillliril with 
^^Bnd ; iind wai Iniiflfd under a dlli luirijc of otd- 
•Miiniee, Befnie liiiii ui'ir I'lirritil two lllver Ui- 
fons, giic, covered \tith piccM cf <*ornl, nr 
oilici- valiird nrtich-B in iht- Indies. At the heT^ 
cil the bridge iie was iTi'eivccI bv luvernl nrvirra; 
iiiif! ilie liing met'ilug liiiii nl the ilour of thii 
hoiJlV, n>i'>raced hiiti, and ihry walked toc[et!ic 
lo the roaui of !imVieni"e, wKtf twu rh»ir« 
/rite \vcr(-pl:iced, iinm\eof \u\Mr\\\i\-. ttviv'* 
lonn, .1 jiiiirk U' tln-U'\?,\\rt\ u-V'-'-^'"''^*' 
Jl. itccoi-ciing la llur Jvi'V"''^'-^'^ ^^ *^* 




I audience a treaty of Huaiiyand comnicrce 
iiclujcd, mid a fadury gratii'-d ai Cana- 
^ ILi'.ing laden loiiic of iLic lhi[iii here, tie 
fted his iiiuTic lo Cfllioil. 
/hen De Gama arrived in ihni port, he took 
ral pma^ btiopB it wns dilVovnrcd whu he 
i but Ibrliorc all hofiiiitics agniuli the |i!;i(r, 
he flioiild bt* ;!ble to aiVrri.iin tlit' KaiTumn'* 
oJition ttnd deligni. In a ihorl linif ii bfiat 
;c oft" carrying a fl.ii; of iruLT. with a Muor 
;iiifcii 31 a Francilctii friar, wlio b-iog isknn 
board, apnlijgized for ihe dcrpption o! his 
£, aud owiifd il ■wan niriimfd liiim llie hofw 
ready rctquioii aiuinig lilt l\irliigvit'i'i'. He 
light a nii:iVag>! from (lio Ziinioriu in rrlaUoa 
the amicable adjuftmrut ol' a ircaiy uf cam- 
ice, Thp admiral, wiUi linniicA replied, that 
aegotiatiou of this kind would he prpniature, 
tb« king had nadc lati'fiCti.iU far ihc dc.- 
iStioa of Uic fiiaury, to which lie was coii- 
ting. 

ict'tral days were Iprait in fi-uitJi'.fs melliigej 
i rtplifs. Dp Gama, riUpciSting that iJie ouly 
t& of the ziiinorin iva* lu giiiu time, lent t!> 
ire liini, that if lie did not rcec-ivc a final iind 
siactoiy anTwcr before noon, he would cnrry 
and fword into the coiinirT, and would bc- 
to execute liis vcngeante on (lie prilimi^rs in 
J to lit 111 on. Tlti^ zJiTiorin, irrefolutc; ill hlin- 
, and imdiT the iuHiicnce. of the M'lors, rc- 
ned no anl^ver. But no lomier v.ni the ftipii- 
id time expired, ih.in De Gama fired a gun 
way of figiial lo his eaplains, to hang np all 
Mal.ihaTii in thfir rc-lYi'f&>'V''. ftw'j*. "^'w^vi 
thiguhinrv exec\\\\mi wah uuet, v'nc. ■M\vd\^A^ 
tpd the liduds aad leet of lUii \\B:\va* '■5'_ 



ail L 
ITiiti 



363 piit&T i>OTASB or 

ftrvick ofi", and lent on ihore to tlx? Mmnririr 
w-iih.1 IciitT in Aiabic. giving him t<i vndciftaTK!, 
that futh rciuni.i be muft cxpcft fur his p.-rtidy 

Slid Mriiiiir i and that lie would havr fiiiii-lHdioii 
iu) huudrcil fold for the injiinr^ and hidigDUks 
~ I hiid bfcn nrtered In the Portiignrfr. 

"Wiihoui ihrihtT eercmoriTi he ernlcTcd (hire 

(Tiipn 111 .nlvancc. in the night, as dofi- ns pofli- 
Wc ic) ihe lliore i and next moraing tliey bi'g.in 
10 luiitcr the towUi which was foon a heap of 
ruiisa. 

Having glmied hi« revenge at Csliciil, he de- 
p.irird fft Cochin, leaving Vinccni. de Sodrt, 
with fix Ihips, to i'coiir the coaft and intercept 
Oil- MrKitifli trade. No loouer had il.e Bdminl 
nrri^edat Cochin, than Trimumpara fail Ik.Ii* 
ages 00 boardj and perfonally waited fur him 
on ilic Ihfirc. At thin inteivi;;w De Guma del!- 
vcied the King of rortiigal's Iclier and prcfcnts. 
Tlie Prince ol Cocliiti received both with cupref- 
lioiis of plcafurt ; alfif;ned xi houfc for ihe nfc of 
llie ti&ury, and fixed the rales at wSiih fpicca 
were to be delivered. This agreement wai re- 
<IiKed lo writing, and figncd by Triiiiumpara. 
In return for the I'ortvigiielc prcfenl9, which 
were very ci^ ft ly. confifting of n gold crown aild 
collar, a rich p;ivilion, and other v?ilnablc aril- 
eles; he fciit to bis brother Emanuel two gold 
bracelet'- fet with jewels, a Monrilli fnlh for the 
head, of filver liirue, two large pieces of the (incfl. 
raliro, and a flone about the lizeof a walnut, re- 
puted nn antidote ag.iinft poifon, which wa* 
(/fVJijfiia v.ilnaLle rarity. 
While Dc Ganna \tiy at. C.ocV\n. * 'nvi'!w»?jx 

K' -fit Irniii the z;»TOorin, Vd aci\uav\rt\C\\vi. vVi^ 
would relurn to Ca.Yx.-vix, t-vw-j x'M.ft-i,^ 



VASaUEZ OE GAMA. 2^3 

(C fettled to his iatisfaftion* The dejliity was 
lut in confinement, thai he mi§ht be jiunillied 
n tafi; of any new deceit. Having got thi* lioll- 
)ge lor iiisown leu'iiriiy, the admkiil, contrary 
lcj the advice of all his captains, determined to 
procceed without convoy to Calient: obl'erving, 
thai ill i;;ilc of danger, lie had the lliips of De 
Bodre to retreat lo. 

Being come into the road, the zamorin fent to 
inforru him, that next day every thing Ihovild be 
;:uiicluiled betwixt them ; and perhaps at the mo- 
ment he I'poke an lie intended. But when once 
a propenfny to triik and cunning gains an af- 
cendency over the mind, every opportauitv of 
difplaying it is embraced with avidity, and the 
Dblii[Uitie5 of deceit are preferred t(t the ftraight 
road of honour. De Gania was perceived to be 
miprotefted, Iiaviug left his fliips behind him. 
This induced tiie zamorin to have recourfc again 
to violence. He fent out thirty proas to take the 
admiral ; and fo fudden and unexpeftcd was this 
attack, that he was obliged to cut his cables and 
lave himfelfby flight. 

Provoked with reafon at fo many repeated in- 
Pauces of treachery and duplitiiy, lie ordered 
the meflenger, in confinement, to bo hanged, on 
liis retnrn to Cochin. At this ihe aamorin ex- 
preiVed great concern! hut finding* that he in 
fain plotted againil a man whofe fnperior addrefs 
jr force always br&ught him off fale, he rel'olved 
:o turn hiji Iwttcrie^ another way, and to attempt 
;o influence the King of Cochin agaiitft admitting 
he Porlugiiefe into his ports. With this view, 
)e difp;'.tcbed a letter to the wWiw'.'iT^ •^wvjx.^'i^ 
i'hicb Jie dejii^ted the E\.vtovt'4'A& a*,x'i*3W>i-'»^ 




L' 



In* than, a<i well a« tbr (lirplrafDrr It irarelun 
Tiinnimpiira rfjjli*^, tliat as ilir-. ' ' mn 

nry into hh dniiiinitiiin, it was I'ui ' '.t tt 

erco'i. ''^ni; anil thai the .' ' ii 

not !■ .;. iit hi» bare i«iiim i| 

hi'* old li'Hiiiii ;1jc Mfira. To iKii tlitj ^aiiioria 
wjuinciii liwt be was Covtv to tmd ilic King i 
Cncbin preiVrrcd t!ie (>ieinlll'ii> of Dniiigef* la 
hi*': mid tlireaicntd tbe ouiircqucuccs ol a par-] 
lialily foimjun. 

Thi- KinfT of Cochin gave him to nndcTifandu 
thai he di iV'-giirtlf d lii? menaocs, mid ihat 
iKouid neviff di> n hale or pirfidi<ju* aftio^ 
Ihrnugli iMf. Of this coiTef|>rmdriii'i'. Dc i 
knew- nothing till he wa* about lo tnke his lor 
of Cochjii ;" «licn [he liing jnlormcj htm 
«haf had pnlTcd, and declared he would nin ; 
rilk* in thi; fenicc of the Poriii^-ucfe. Dc Oamq 
with inaiiveKprellionscif j^ratiiiidc, affured hir 
dial bit royal mnrter would oevCT be iinmiodftil 
of futli litady faith ; mid, in the mine uf hia fo- 
VPJtign. he engaged not only to defend tbe 
^nnrc, but even to diiiblc him to Taiiquilh hij 
tmiuicfi. iind intend hi* domiuiom on 
niinB. This dcclariition infpircd the king will 
new confidence; and even his nairrs, if the 
fiill rctxiiicd ft>inc prfiuJicp* a^iiinft the Portn 
giieic, btgan I o dread the eonfrijiiencM ol tbcilj 
eiimiiy. 

The admiral, Cntm after fniling from Cofh'n 
dcfcricd a fleet of tweiity-nine large fliips, fitie 
outbv the z.in)orin loattaek him. Heitumcdiaie 
J} bore down lo give ihctn buttle j and with 1 
much rigour d\A the ?oY\.vis.\t\fc »5»\\ vV>e f<« 
tli:it in a IlK.n time, wav.^ o^ \VK\*«i'^\^ 
thcii liiips, iwu^t idttg.* vav^'**-^^^*' 



"1 



VASatlEZ DE GAH.1. 265 

e(ltc« cnrtFiJetl Jail, and made the iliore, wbere. 
on ;iCcouut of tJieflioals, they knew the ailti!iv:il 
ci'iild ncil purlue them. Many ot" the Moors 
vtTC killf'il, and two ftiips were taken, riuhly 
laden wiili China ware, lilvcr vcllVls, gill, and 
CtbeT coi'tly merclinndile. Hut the. mnll remark- 
able ;irlii?lt' on board, ■was a nwnlTrnns image cf 
gold, weighing thirty pounds, lis eyes w'rre 
cnici"a!da; :iiid it was prtrtiallv covered wilJi n 
draperv of be^iteti gdld, curioiilly uTOiighf, and 
fct with brilliant?. On ihe breaii of this idol 
wap a large ruby of the nioft relplendt ntJiiltre. 

Dc Gama iitxl proiet-dcd to Canaiiore, wliera 
be (>blai)it'd a limi!"e for thr erection of a hiU'ry j 
and having rcgulaled tiic prii-e of I'pices aei'ord- 
ing to the ftaiidard fised !>ii at Cochin, lie left 
tneiity-fimr men to fnperintcnd the tirade. The 
two naiipns llipulatecl to defend each oiher : nnd 
the hiny of Ciinanore was not to eolfr into anv 
alli;iiiCL' inimical to the inlrrelb of the King of 
Cochin. This being fettled, tlie admiral com- 
millior.cd De Sadrc to riinain on the coaft till 
Pcbmary; and if, in the inlerim, thL-re was a 
pn.bability of a MEir brcaklogoiit between the za 
nioriti flnJ the King of Codiiii, he llmiild winter 
in the latter place i if not, he wus llieii to fail 
foi- ihe Red Sea, aaci capture all the fliips from 
Mocahc found in his way. Thefe dirctlioni 
I)e Scidre did not live lo ei;'-culc in iheir full cs- 
tenl. being: loll in a fudden liorm, which tht 
natives, judging from accufionied prognoJlics, 
h:"l wsrred him to a\oid. 

On the 20lh of December, the admiral left the 
fnaft of Iijiiis, in his way to Yuc\U'(.*N, 'Vks^v.'!, 
Umtcn: Ihips under his corniuft ■, aviA 't\\'&-v«'i'^ 
-^d at Mniamljitjuc. Kcf.i Ca^e Cot\v:v\VT.^r 

■lit, 7. jv a tvV^'i'^ 



a(S6 FIRST VOT*GK OF 

cxpcrirnced contrary winds and fudilen frjnnlls, 
but nothing p.iriiculsrly impirling his vnyigp-, 
hr. arrived nl C;i!cais on tlic ill of Srptcm'jcr, 
whrrc Ipvrrnl noblemen mel him with ihwr 
CL)Hgr:ilul;ilioiu. 3;iil conducted him to court. Ai 
hi: approftthcd liii fovtici^Li. a page pn-cwlcd 
liim lurri-irtg a hlvcr bafon wiili ihc tribtttc oi 
the King of Cluikia. King EmannH gave tJic 
ndniir^l n mni gradoua recrpiimi, and a)nfcircd 
on Kim lUe liilc <if Cuunl Vidf-guevra. 

His grcai fervif-s t-firiaialy merited every iut- 
noiir and diliinfl-itm from a grateful tounlry ; 
but hh laurels an- larnilhcd by eKceiTes of fiT\-ip- 
tiiy. fomifiimes iinprovnkrd, and frc'juently dif 
Itfoportiouod to Uic qITcdcc. 



I 



CKNKRAD I 



nnder the celebrated Vafiiic/. dc Gama -, (be fo 
coiitl of fivi; under Vincent de Sodre; and tin 
third iif as many, under Steplieii de Giim:i. The 
whole wns to be fuhordinate lo YalinieK, Xi 
u-hi)Lii the king dHivered the flag with great !'o 
Icniiiily in tlie caiiiedral, and ronfened on liiiii 
the title of Admiral of the Raftern S--3s. With 
birei returned the nmbalVador^ of Cochin an 
Cananurt, who had heen much diliiiigiiifheil antS 
carefled at emirt. The two tirll fi|iiadrot;s I'e 
Jail ill !i'Liri-h, the other followed about the be- 
iniiin^ nt'May. 
Olf Cape Vrrd, the admiral fell in wiili a lliif 
for l.iftjon, riclily iaden with ge'd, which Di 
Gaina tlji'ijlaved lo the Indian anibalfaJors as ; 
[iroiif nfthe rieh retburces of his eonntiy. The' 
candidly rnnfellVil, that this did not accord 'viti 
the re pri' fen I a Li nil!! of the VenPtian ambaiTadoi 
ill I'oriii^al : tor tint he had ^Uen them tii ui 
derfbnd, that without the altirtance of the \'cn 
ti.ins, the I'orttignefe were loo pour to put fhip! 
to lea. This rnode of fupplantinp; their new ri 
V,i\n in the cnmnievce of (he Eall was not verj 
hniioiirablf ; but where is honour to be fouiii! 
w boil inleveft flands in the way ? 

De Oima dfinbled the Cnpe Wilhmil any r& 
jn.irkiihlr nccurrentc, and then ptoeeeded will 
four nf his iVnallell vclicls for Snfa's, vhili 
Ihf- reft coiiiiniied their voyage to Mofamhiiitic 
The kin^'^ orders were, to obferve tire fituaiion a 
Si'f.da, its eomeiiience fur crefiing a fort, ani 
lo examine the gold of the country. H-iviTij__ 
eiiicrcd itilri an amieiible treaty with i.l\r ^.w^;,, 
he r.bljiiiifd ;>ern]i|7ioii to erctt a ^otV-, 5.tv6.vcv^" 
tii.Tt pm'cnti "■prcc\diiiiLge(i. T\v& «?,\\WS^p 
tJiiBiyjjfiJ twrfncy-livc days, and live aiwiwa^ '^'^ 
Z3 M 



ibnJ 
iitu 9 



268 viKw opTneroitTPfli 

ti'nr, Iprtnd dcvalUlion 
gioiii, anil dicn I'lmk iiitu 
txjincnjpt. 

'I'tii: Lufitanian charatter, nt I 
oiia for briivcrj', Ibon taiiiLcd I 
liic Eiift. not iJiily funk imutff 
molt iibjcct vif^s. amt icrapted 
tri lu iViw ft'liat was iwld wiU 
hiiii), <ir ciiabldl ihe [lativcs to 
cruina! iinlppcndcncr.. 

Jjiil t't return, uficr the pro 
giirfc had made in Inilia, Eioi 
Btiil lorci*. il I'ccmi-d iiccf lUir)' lu 
jirr jn-iTdii la be intruded witl 
iii.it-.igcmi^iic of tlicir inlcrclli in 
gliil": I and lh tiiiii'if rLofp who I 
ill ill!- i:ijiuirrv \v;is dt-Piwcd nviftli 
of ib<M-oiirt of I. if boll w^NpliiL'ed 
l)U'iii'Ti[t..L'. ;;n uIjIc iim i^al'ir uiv 
iiiaitder. On liia nrrival i:i th 
G.iBi» IiaJ li-ft it for tlic lii'ond 
tliCT irjiik-iiiAiiJi II fliiui-ilhingfla 
iici~tji"in8 alrrady loriiicJ, lint li 
pr-ili(-in III tftiin a more jierm.ine 
on lite cija!>. itiul t'm:li ;ui turn 
tiirally (li't'Og. uni ci.mvL'iiicoj| 
this piirp.ji'e. after fuuic (>rcv 
!'•• ' "■ ';.jj, a city ncMr [he i 

r. it fri3i!cd to luiii 

i.L^'^ ,Luii-li lie witiioi for i frtpi 

ifit air, i^T.'.; of tiic liiu'll harboi: 

&itd A fidlity ot' forlitiL'atiuct.t 

fi\-!0 ,'i![.ick. Thiacily Ibtid 

rjlc-ii tixim thi-'- ctiniinwuXj'j: 

iii.i; (iilo two binnu\ic!>. \unanv 

^-■jij^ rilb frouillic \cvcV 



oim 



noMv 



IK TUB FAST INTIES. 2Wj 

form fif sn amphitliealic. No jilacc pnnltl b© 
bcticr ailapird inr an e\ieniivc iratic than this ; 
ami til ]"inr-r, whoi"" ieems dL-ftrablGj is gene- ] 
rally cfpU(i<icrEd as I.iwiiil. 

'IliU iliiiiid and f'liy. wlilrh bc'lungcH to tlir 
kinvtioiii Pl Dtrran, w-«rp tlirii in ihf polffffion <if 1 
Mslrjin,i)n iirnrpt-r, mIki liart (Tulr;! venire J ti. ren- 
der himfdl" inclri>ciidctit fit his Ibveirigui and 
w!ts .11 this time mpditnting In cstend Iiii power 
(till lanlicT iti Mal.ibar. Hfing at iti!^ lime ab- 
Itnt, til prijfecuttng f'rhcmcs ul' aggrandizcmeni, 
Albuqutrtiuc toijk iidv.iiil^igt- uf il ; and rcgai'fl- 
ing livn a-i much ihc right of ont iifiirper as an- 
nlhri-, rna(\e a fiidvU-n attack, and carried the | 
plwre wiilwiiit )n|s or difficulty. 

But Idalcaii Iitiiring uf this invafiorf foot) 8ew I 
to bis capiial ; and the PortngitctV being in wanf'l 
of provi lions niijnlher nt'CPlViirit-s lo iland a fTrgP,! 
G(M again iVIl into the hands of its fmmfr pnl'-j 
ii-ffir; hiit was almfpfl as Ipecdily ift'ovcrcd by] 
Albu(iiifri]uc. who had recrived reinforccmenlsj 
ftoiTi Cnrhiii. 

Tlif I'oiLiigiiffR iip\f liimrd thHr ndrntiftn IbI 
(he conqncli of M;ihH;ca ; tlietr uliial liu-ccl's nt-l 
tr.ndcd llii-iii in thi-i fiilprv.ilPi and llif.v efia- 
lillOifd fafl'iiies here nnd among the li;ii'dn Hies, 
und rxlfndrd ihfir rpiilctn^nts l>i)m ihe lltd Sea J 
tu tbt Prrli-iii Culjih. And Piclufu'e of ihr Libfn-I 
Inte rr}miiiHiid of ilip ill^imU, llifv wei'p ccmpletej 
miUk-rs 01 the tiMlb of iiath liie peninlulos of| 
In.li.-. I 

'li'n«igIit!tUvaft track ihnr anthfrity was in-J 
difpulcd, :ind Uirir pi:i*ei'uiilinii'''d: the'it tra<l« 
V»i atidn-T diltin-liid \vj \\\fii\\A\vaV -, w« "CJ 
rigbt» they liad atVviimiK \T\vaici.V-3 v.'a.V''i«»- J 



r 



■"< view OF TWR PoBTtir.tfRSE hcteiiv^t 

^M-r^ml^'■'l ihcy fi'mciimcs aftctted lo^rtil 

■ ' ■ |■:■^ tiiciii to partii-ular 

■ ..iltsprtrl; inil rpMiiiP'i 

'1- (Iv jlrii-ilfge ot fu].' ' ' ihe 

I . ' I'liToiie wiih fm*l» c^ii ■ » 

muK . . ■ '■• pmlil. Tbus lilt tiniiTiicrcr uf 

■ iniil vv. ' iVum lilt I h.innel in wliich 

ihud To !■ . , i ; ami Vortiigfll rofc luopo- 

cc ami rclpcct on the ilccliiie (if Vi-iiiiT am! 
mm. N'lilliijig t;in more p<nvt;i*funi'pro\cil« 
.tliialing iitiiore of Irade tlian ibis clijiugri aiid 
iui;li III lilt [irefciit dnj', ihc cxtcutJoii. or the 
iiiopoly cf oommcrcu id the pri<le of nationi, 
hA ihc iVrquini cauft of iJinr dtilh-iiaion, iIk7 
luivc j'ct Ifj Irani what is ffjUd and pprmuncnt 
ve-ilth, und in what tlieir tnit; glory and gtan- 
dciir con lifts. 

In ilie ai'ijuilition of ri>Jie' and power, tl* 
PortugucO, like all liiitiT iiatJoii» ^4ll(lm Siifioiy 
hiis recorded, fi.rgot llul the means hy whkli 
wrallh and dnmiiiion arc ohuincd, mitli be ex- 
erted fur iheir prefer\ntiiin. They grow wan- 
Ion with fucct-fs ai>d iiitosirnled vitii afflu- 
ence, I'hcy niJed over the «'ve[chcd nauvcf 
ji'iih a fevcrltj', vhich, (oo of(i:n, degcticrsitcii 
into the moft inhuman cruelty f thpy jwofti- 
luti-d till" liiured name of rrlininn, lo the bafcll 
aad moil unwortliy purpoli'B ! cflalilillied inqoi- 
fiiiuno in piinilli, m Ihti- iliiy had no right to ul'e 
mofL- than the mild inlininienln of ronvi£linni 
and pluiidcri-d lln' iinh.ippv vjibnis of (heir jiv»- 
rici. iitukT the prvdui'L- af v^nr'.ciing honour U 
rliai God, w hurfi \i\ws Un-y ^a'Ju\e^^o\vft.■^ -^^Aiv.- 
«/. Bigoti), which livra w ■^lo^oivv'TO. •<» ■ 



mo 



IV THE EAST INDIgg. '2"1 

of principle, made them firft con- 
ile, and tlien criminal, 
ley grew more completely vicious, thrj- 
came funk iu effeniinRcy. They liorrd 
^Riglios, like the princes of tlic call ; ;md 
atiated vidi eiijoymeiu, forced tJie vtc- 
tlieir tilordinale piidioni lo betake thein- 
n the nioft llnvilh eniplivnieiiii, and to 
their crutl mailers the produce of their 
. They copied all i!ie excelles of ihe pen- 
f had fubdiied ; indulged ihianfcKes in 
alic plealures of finging and daricing 
tconly part of the natii'es which they did 
plveinindilcrimiiiateopprcirioiiitheylearn- 
icline on fnfas, and to be carried in paiaii- 
and at laft carried on war in (hat lusiiri- 
) diflipated manner ■nbich had enabled 
ven to fubdne the aboriginal inhabitants. 
mtural confeqnenceof fucb depravity wai, 
tempi of the natives among whum thev 
ibliliied thenifelves : at firft they were the 
of terror ;■ at hill: thev became the butts of 
!. The natives, deprh'ed of luxurious in- 
:ies, began lo recover their natural eiier- 
id ibe)' meditated to espel the Invailcrs. 
in refoluiion, as the Fortugurfe funk in 
aqr, lliey aflually att;ickc-d one of iheir 
b1 fettlements ; hut by the vigorous con- 
' Don Juan de Caftro, who had now fiic- 
to thr- chief conimand of the I'orlugucic 
in Jiidia, they were repult'eJ ; and the 
rmhcrs of European fpirit feemcd. for a 
D revive, and to dif^el the euci'vatin 
ifAliaa luxury. 

his glesm was of ft\ort i\w?k<'-wR-i 
eturucd with decptt fc***^ "» ^**^ 



saa 



YIIW Of THR yOlTUOrsm 1*(T1«MT 

focfirr wn^ ihc florm Slnwrt nv^r, 'ti^n ttif^ 

1 ■ the Oiiiic !■ I'c, 

■: I (l!-ywc:L ■-.till 

■ Rv.irk'f 1 I '•■ ihc 

Ivfry criuii _ "■ hutiun 

If. lure. 
\'rir flifl 'li''" cMiifitie ihrfc dcfireda lions to iho 
,h ihrlR ufldriUlitcJly were tho 
' . bf(.;!iuV thu I'.'nft ra;ribl« «f 
t.jng thrill fclvci, tb( iiilftKicaicd I'onn^uHc 
II prfj'ed "II cnrli oihrr, the ftro- g on ilic 
I weak ; snd tlir fnrrr brutal lall of wealth, n'hich 
J nai'TiU(r-<l ihrm to lornviil iiud murder the in- 
'.i\e Jinlia/is, tein;)ted lh«n to l;iy vinlrnt 
. ..iin i-ii'-h "ih'rr. The vices of indiviiliall 

■ ' \\d&i the ftjic ; crimes of the blackeft Uye 
' ' ■ vrdrhc re-folutijni of c9bincI".and^hcce^l■ 
■l Cftmni.indcri ; .iiitl the fuect-iJbis to |K»wcr 
.!■ ^ i[. the lirft pr.'.aice of ihrir authoritv ow tticir 
immcdt^ile pifilereifori, in order In exlorl from 
tlicm that wealth, \\hich they liad amafred by 
mi-nns nerarjou* indeed, but vihicli ihcir fullo^iWi 
intended iKoll rpligiodrtv to Ct'pv. 

While the raaiincrs of tlie Portugucft were in 

til is degenerate ftate, the naijvei now united a 

frcoiid time to extirpate ihdr dcUftcd lyniuts. 

The court of Liibon, on tliis, difji.-ili lied Atalds 

from Europe wiili furrours niid unlimited power, 

who for a while repdled the attacks of the ctaf- 

periteil nniives. But ihoujih tliui- f:iiled in their 

attempt on Goa, which had been madr the iMpi- 

liil, thry fiicrecdcd in depriving the Piirtognefc 

of many ot' thcif lefs m\itiT\aTi\. \«AV\\\1)Ti«.-, and 

other ii;irioiifl of Eutopc. wA Nrt (" rftmo-CvQw. w 

Ac (;i/j3bitaius af lutVoftai^, a-p^'-"'-"^'*. '^ "" 

the firil occupicis £tai^.w^^^^^«■^^^« 




IN THE BAST INDIES. 2/3 

fequcncci and many of their remaining fettle- 
ments were wrelled Irom thcoi b/ the CbiilUaa 
powers. 

The only remains of the mighty conqnefls of 
Portugal, in the e;iflern quarter of the globe, !ire 
Goa.whcrea viceroy flill refidcs and keeps up the 
lliadow (if the ancient fplendor of government, 
Macao, Diiij Daman, and BalTaim. Thefe at 
preferit are very iufignificant places ; and the ad-i 
vantages ariling from them inconfiderable, in the 
great fcale of trade, now carried on between tlia 
different parts of Europe and the empire of In- 
_dullan. 

The Britiih at this time arc unrivalled lords of 
ihe continent ; but with whom, in the tide of 
events, the power may next refide, belongs only 
to Omnilcicuce to determine. 



THE VOYAGE 



o V 



RDINAND MAGELLAN, 
ROUND THE WORLD. 



lONG thofe illiidrirjus navigalors wliol 
avc Ihcxvii origiiralily of conCFi'ltfiii mill 
6 rif rffi'luiidii, I'"erdi[ta[iil MMgdlan will] 
ret.iin a diflingiiillcd place, t'oiitimpti'l 
ilh Coliimlius :ind Dc Gania, he aj'pcat^l 
t been animattd wiih ihc I'amr fpirii. and] 
: ticfcrved Co participatE in ibe iLiuitls thfy 

was n native nf Porlrgal, honi a gciil!e-J 
lid breii a loldii-r, V.c \\.\A Icrvcd in ihol 
as well as African w.nrs wilii rrrdil tf>l 
r, and honour tn liis king ; being parliai-J 
nipliiVLd in [hoi'e ("x]ndiiii)«s whirh i'uc-l 
De GLiiiia's dllViivcry, and « liiub .11 IcngliM 
Bled in the rcducli(;n ol Malacca, (joa, audi 
1, under \he dmninioi: nf Portugal. I 

Pibus vcnl ill J'lafi'h 'if a pnffagc whithJ 
•T I'oiiiiJ, anil found wli;it he lililc exprCt-l 
'he pallage from liie Atlantic Iii tlie I'aci -J 
■an Masfiilla deiicK'ratnni in navigation si 
ftliit'z de Nnnciz dc li.ilbua h,ivit3g ilirro-l 
he iafi-mcntidncd ft-a frctn ihi' luountainfiJ 
ma, Magellan coiicclveil tUc idea of thai 
iii%'\gjti<,i\ of ilic g\u\>e, ■«V\A\ '(.v "N»J 
not _£rnfraUv aUo'fc'i.''J. Vo Vit ""''^ 



Thin grand idea, aj it may be juftly called, wlimj 
we conlUi-T Uic age, he commiiniculcd to lii* 
»)un ; Imt being ilighied in that particular, and, 
ai it is lajii, dcnir-ii the fmall augmpntaiinn o( 
half a ducnt n mouth to his pay, nr. tfioWeA to 
r]iilt Purtugal, and feek his Ibrtune io other 
couiitricii. 

The i.-mirt of Spain had fo mucii '' ■! it- 

fell by liiei-ffi ill dirc'ivcrie*, and il ..ge- 

mcnt it e;;ivc to advc nlnrers, Ib.it Mage llju ustu- 
nilly uirnct! hh lhoi;i;lits ihai way. Charles V. 
ooc 111" thp mnli powerful princes that ever lived, 
and in wtialr rxteulive dominion* the lun never 
fti, at that (ime tillfd iIm- tlironc of Siiain. To 
him, ihercfori", this otlicer applied ; and, to (ot- 
wnrd hioiiews, did nut tail to reprefent, that flU 
ihi- liandii and Molutca Iilands muli of right, ac- 
cording 10 the papal di^crcc, Wong to him ; and 
dicle ht propofed to difcover by a weftcm navi- 
gniioa. 

This projeft, wlijeh had for its objrfl the es- 
Irnfion of dominion, ai wdl »s the returns of va- 
hial'lc commerce, n'lis peculiarly acccjiiaWe 19 
Ch.nrtcs. Without licfiiation, bkr gave orders fat 
making the necel^iry preparations, with us mucli 
eipLiliiion ns eireuinftancc* would allow. No(; 
did the emperor liop heru : he conferred the or 
dw of St. Jago on Magellan and his companion, 
Buy i''alerp, as a Ipur to this arduous uodrnaking. 
Tin: I'Drtu^iiefc aniballjJor nindn flrong oppi 
filion to till* fdieme; nor were ilicri: w,-antin; 
fomc courtiers, who envious ot Miigelisn's h 
noun, threw cvtry imvcdimcut they eould in ihoj 
way- vf his espedilion. HiitcriwvAiivA^viimvil.- 
t<rJto many intuits un ?.ccoviva t.', \-i*. cwsn\s' 
and wJicQ ail wa» juB xk./.<\-j tot \iit cQiw^^v 



i 



Macallan's voyage, 277 

Vis hopes hat! nearly been fruftaled of reaping 
Ihc liuiioTir of ihe proji;ct. by Ray Falero conicd- ■ 
ing with him the iionoiir of bearing the royiil^| 
flautiard. This matter being adjulicd, and hia^B 
rival perfiiaded to remain at home on account a( 
a precarious Itate of health, which was »cry iin-j 
equal lo fuLh a diitanc and unccrlain voyage, 
Alagelljii wa? inverted with tiie fo!e ci-mmaud of 
ihe iqiiadron, and the biiiinefa proceeded. 

This Iquadron confiftcd of five lliips : Ihe St. 
Aatoiiio bearing the admiral's flag ; Juan de Car-I 
lagena, vice admiral ; the St. Jago, ctimraanded 
by Jiinn Roderiquez Si'rr.iiio; and tJie Cuncc-p- 
lion, Galpar dc ttuelada maftcr, and two olhcra. 
Thefc I'et f.iil from Cadiz on th« lOth of Angultl 
151/, and arriving in I'ltety at TcnerilTc on the I 
2dof Scptember.failed from thence for RioJ<inci-l 
ra, on the coaft of Eraltl. After rcfrelhiiig at ' 
this place, and taking in fuch nceeiraries as the 
voyage required, ihey purlued thrir courfc. ^ 

This courfe, however, was not univerfallyW 
agreed on. Various dilputes arofe about il ; and 
fome were for adopting one plan, fame another. 
The fleet being anchored in St. Julian's river on 
Earter-day, and mnfs being ordered to be cele- 
brated on fhore, the three CapLiiins, Iiny^ de 
Mendofa, Giifpar de Guezada, and Juan de Cyr- 
tLigcna, abfcnted themtelves ; a tircumftancc 
vliich fiJied the admiral with inquietude, be- 
caufe. from their dilbbediencc, as well as from 
other pre\ lous fymptoms, he had rcafon to fut- 
peft that a I'pirit of difcontent pervaded the ma- 
jority of his fleet. Thus, like Columbus, his dif-j 
ficuliies hr.gim at an early perioOi ■. Xwcaiiit -«\ii« 
tioone knew the courtc whVi CMl-aitv^-^, c.^>i^' 
rogatal to hiailcll' as m\ich iv^\\v vo ■yii'jp ' 
M» aaoLbcr. 
Vol. 1. B b 



ma- 
dif-^ 



2;S ■ MAGELLAS'S V0TA8K. 

Ill tills dilemma, to return with difgrace 
what Magellan could uut brook ; to jirocee 
lo encounter i variety of hardlliips, 3t the 
lime that he had every thing to apprehend 
his own people. While contemplating his 
lioHj and befiire he could come to any prec. 
folution, tlie weatlier began to grow lever 
the murmurs to increafe, and a confpiracy 
three captains being ftrongly fufpetted, tl: 
miral was induced lo call his own fliip's ci 
unas. In the meantime, as Mendola was 
ing a letter which he liad received from tl 
miral, he was ftabbtd to the heart. At tl 
fiant a boat was manned with about thirty 
admiral's firmefttrieiuls, who, boarding the 
ihips, took t'ortypfiroiicrs, who were I'lippo 
be deepell in the confpiracy. Qiie^aUa aloi 
fentenced to be executed, and the body of 
di>fa was qu;irli-rtd. Thus the oppofiiion v 
iuycd for llii; tim:: by this aft of fevcrity 
projier meafurcs wt're c.onrerted for the t\ 
proceed, as foon a-, the feafon wa^i favoi 

In the iiiieriin, Si'ri:ino wai difjiatclicd t 
mine the Ameritaii co-.ifi, along whieh the; 
to fail, in order to make the wilhrd-for diiL 

I(" we may give rndii !o the Spinilli ao 
of this vovage, while ihcr were thu-; delaii 
ilii; ISrnlilinn coaft, thi-v faw men <.'{ a e'i 
iiatuic, wiiolc vfiicc?, when cnragc-l, rcfc 
bulls. One of ihei'i' came on board, wli'ji 
was as fri:;htful as hi^ voice was terrilic 
fueh washis lipight, ihal an ordinary (iiit'd 
ard cou'd only rtai-h to hi? waift. We ct 
this, iio«'CVer, as Oie <:m\n-V\U\iTOWitof n n 
r:id nrc forrv to fcv. Ura'. vXv^'icnvxv'i.Xft^ 

Uhuta race ab'jv : vtc coiMoaa uw 



Magellan's votage. 279 

this Cfjafi, we /liall fee confirmed by ftiture voy- 
agers, whot'c authentiri(y we cannot difputej 
but with all tills esaggc ration, it fctms the Iji- 
vage was peaceable in hi^ deportment, and 
llvinkl'ul for fiirii trifling preltnis as he recpivt'd, 
till the bpaniariis encteuvonri'd to pnt ihackles 
on hih lej;s 10 fecare him j and jf he (!iei) roated 
out iiLe.a bull, wf need tioL wonder, fince tlie pro- 
vocation and the danger were fuflicient to make 
him cjtett every faculty both of body and mind. 

Hp was drrtlud in ihi; Ikina of Ibmc ttrange 
wild bcaft; and we learn, that the people, in 
general, on tills coall, were habited in a fimilar 
manner. They are defcribed as ignnrant and 
fnperltit 10113, believing ihat iheir country ia 
haunted by evil fpiritt^, of whofe influence they 
arc niuch afiaid. Their weapons wfre bow; 
and arrows. Their hnts were conflruCled with 
Ikitis, and portable from place lo pkice. TLcy 
dcvouipd iheir meal with the voraciou fouls of 
cannibals, without fceming to know any modes 
of previous drelfmg it. Tiiey ufed a rool, called 
Caper, inli tad of bread, and drank vati quantities 
of water wiih their meals. 

The only nligious ideas they feemed to pof- 
fcfs, cenircd in the belief of two beings, one of 
whom tliey termed Scbctos, who feemed to be; 
fuperiorj and the other, whom tiicy denomiinited 
Chelctile, a fubordinLite kind of deity. Jii this 
barriJii coiiniry, fnn;e c.illed Patagfjnia, thiy fet 
Up a cnifs, and took pollelhan villi lite afiial fu' 
leinnitiei. 

Serrano, who, as has been meniioncd before 
was dilpatclied on an Ps,^fiSi,\:\w\ \q ^•t^aswEVP^^ 
Ihr cnail, dilcuvcrei\ Iv uvrt ab«\il ■i.V.s-^'i':"^*;^ 
aili,; t-nfranc.^, to v.hWV Xv'e 'S^'^': ^^^"^ T^ 
Sniat Chic. He tv>eM\. ft-*, ^--i* '^«- «>»^^ 
i^ UJikJA rf 



' UACSLLAii 3 roTAOB. 

n (hit (Ulcnunn, to rdum wiUi dif^cc. V3i 
.at Xfngrllan coutd net brook ; to proceed w« 
MHWiiiiCT d varicljr of harilOiips, at tht! fflme 
lie thai lie !i:id irvcry tiling iw apjmJitnd frum 
owu p('i)[jlc. Wliilccoiittioplniliig his Ihoa- 
u, anil brliirc lie coiili! come toiiny prcnfcie- 
ulion, llie wiMtbtr hcgi'n to grow fcvcrc. nnd 
niumiQr« to incrMfr, nnd a cunrpiricj' tif t!l6 
re iMpliiini being ftroiii^ly rulpetlccl, tlic ad- 
miral wii" iiirlucfii lo cull his ovia fliip's creW W 
aniu. In ll:c iiitanlinie, as Mi-ndolii wa» read* 
ijig a leiicr wliLcli he liaJ received from Uic ad- 
jiiiral, he was ft.ibbcJ lo the heart. At that in- 
ni ,1 bo.Tl Willi mnnncti with nbout thirty of ihc 
.mirars firmdl I'rientU, ivho, hniiiilirig tlie oliict 
ips, tcnk lorly prifoiiets, who were fuppoftil (0 
ilcepfJl 111 the roiifpiraey. &nc/jn!a alone W9i 
iiteiieed tu be eieculed, and the body of Mtn- 
D wfli (juiirlcred. Thus the oppo&tion wnssl^ 
'cd for tile time by this afl of icvcrlty ; and 
■ojjcr meafure? were concerted for tiic fleet 10 
occcd. 3,i loon a^ the I'eafon was lavourable- 
Iii the inlcriin, Si^irano was difpatdicd to csa- 
.in<; the American eoaft, along which ihcy were 
Tail, in order lo make ilic wiftii-d-for dil'covery. 
If wc may give credit tfi the Spnniih accouuti 
of this vovagc, while thcv were thus detained on 
the Hvalilian conA, ihey law men of a gigatiiif 
lure, whofc voice?, when airaged, refeinblcif 
lis. One of ihefe came on board, whofe fact 
3 as frightful as bis voie^- ■ " ifici.aii( 
ch was liii height, ibnl an n' ''.d Spniii 

could only reach to his w ■ ■ confide: 

tlih, liQwevci, as Oie>aTi\)e\\V'. \'-;n\ancc 

are lorry to lay. l^w^ * 
■:* ni.irke'of a ^jaiuaVA-j '. 
'ijalsraccabov; vtt coiavwn-i 



U. L^ ^i^W 



siacei.lak'3 voyacb. aSl 

bet. pfoceedcd on his uncertain roj^^c. At 
Itiigih hr- t'fll in with ihc pnif.iz''- 1"^ h.id been (o 
|i)i]g in feircl] of, in laiituilc 5'i deg, foiiib, an " 
enii-red lliirilV flr,ii^;Iils which will iiiHkt III 
name irninorwl. In a trjnCimn of joy, hcnamn 
the piiiiil of land, tVuni which he had ihis agfi 
able profpcft, Port Oelire. Much was imwac- 
tornplifiied, bill much ri-mained to be ilone. It 
required ;h11 his caution and ikill to fail ilirongh 
thi-* iK-iv-difo.ivtrcd palliii^i:, iiiid before they 
foiild en(cr ihe great Sciiith Sr:i, wliieh was on 
the 'J8th of December, one year, four months, 
and eighteen days had elapred, finee their depar- 
ture for Spain. 

On ihid wide, and almofl honndleft, ncean, 
thcy wandered between three and four months 
■with'iul feeing Innd, except two defert illands. 
Their diilrelies were fo great, that they were re- 
duced lo the tnifefable. expedient of eating the 
hides thai covered the ftiipa' rigj^'ing, which ihey 
fieeped in fait water, in order to render them 
more eafy of mafticatiun, To this deplorable 
(iaie of famine, ii is not to be wondered at, that 
fickiief-i fliould fucceed ; and thofc who were 
not abfohUely difabled by illnefs, frmad them- 
felves incapable of fwbhlling on thefe hard vi* 
undi, by the gums covering their teeth, by which 
fonie were itarved to dc;;th. It was providential 

Rr (lie reft, who fiill were obliged to attend to 
e duty of the Ihip, liiat thcy were failirg on a 
»ckl fea, impelled by gentle breezes, from 
hence it wa» denominated thr Pacilie Ocean, 
On the 6th of March they fell in with a cliLf- 
trr ft' iflands, named ^\\e. V.aiiowts, isi \Svks. el 
Thictes. Here tlicy VmcVi \\i\ ti^ Vw;"^ j^ 
found the it)habitsnvses.\tuT«^"'»fv'^'^'^''"^'^'^ ^^"'^ 
«nd uaciiiUzcd ftiitc, wivVoMt »a-i ■*--S!'4^'^'^'^ , 
^^a MM 






360 UAQKLLtH'a VOTAOfl. 

mod SAiing for fcaU j and wa> arierwards fiKpef- 
tA lu J violent Worm, which daOirrt hi^ vcffcl on 

(111- (ViOrp, The crew wns iaMiJ tVoin the fury 
Ol' ihc elements, only to JtilTer ihc cilrcmilies ii 
fantlar oil a liarreri court. In itiin mifcralile C'uu 
atiou, two of die people wac lorlimatc nnough 
l(> i-ftiivcy inii-lligcnco lo the- admiral, wbo dif- 
|)atchcd a vriTd in their aifiltancc, and tJiiu Taveil 
(Lwn iVfim incviiahlc deaifa. 

At Infl, Mngdlan left ijic port of St. Jn!i 
irhcte lie luid [laid fu long whli litllc liiiiitV 
(ion, on thr mh of Auguil, felting Junn de 
Cartag^iiit on iKorc, ifigeiher with Pedro San- 
ciieK IlcA''>r3, die prielt, for being principals i 
the (rnnlpiracy. Tliis punilhmcrit was won 
than 3 iJu^ufniid dc.-iths, as ii i.intnlized thr: 
wilii life, while they were tlculed :ill its enjo' 
mtots, and even its neccllHrifs. They were let't, 
bdced, with a ftock of jjroviliou;;, but were 
iievrr heard of more. 

About the cud of October, the fleet reachnt a 
priiiniiiuory which Magpllnn named Cape Vir- 
gin, and, permviiig an inlet, fent to esplwc the 
road. Oil rccpjvirig ilie ditferent reports of ihe 
prrfuns deputed on thb espcdition, a council nf 
the chief offictrs and pilots was called, in which 
Eltcvaii Gomez, pilot of the Antoaio, declared for 
rrtiirning home, and was followed by all ihe 
incinhfrt, the admiial only escrpted, who. with 
a ri'liilutinn bordering on madiielt. declared, ilwt 
in fpiteof leiiipefi and fainltie, he was refohed 
lo perfevere. The Antonio being aficnv.irda 
/' ■ !>Iore a ucatci 9aRag,e than anv which 

xk ..^\ a reafon to tJ-v^*"-' *^^ *iwftw,Vat, _ 

'"^Jny with tlie ^utfe , V.a\w^ fts^iWi *«. 

nMbr. carried the ftviptomcv w4Vw^»tei-c^. 
viiig iii vain etidejivoxiici to cwaa «* ■*« 



I 



MAOEtLAK'S TOYACR. 9A| 

[irorcerted on his uncrrmin toimj;?. 
I 111.' lell lit witli ihcji^ufj^i^ lie ludtitten Cti 
n fcirrli of, in htilUilc 5'^ tlr.g, I'oulh, ati 
1(1 tlndi- llraigiil! whJfh will iniiki: lll| 

immiirial. In a tLiufjiMir o( juy. lie name 
lint ot 1nn^1, friiin whiih he had this ngrcil 
irciljifft, Port DulirF, MutK w.is now i 
iflirii. bill much ri'Tiinificit to he lioiic. l| 
cd all iii.s caution ;iiul ikill ta lull (hrongli 
icw-dil'eovert'd palKigc, and btfcru tliL-j 

cnlM the yreiit South Sea, which was ■ 
Bth of Dcctmber, one i cir, four monthi 
ightecii days had elinifed, lincc their dcpafl 
or Spaio. 

this wide, anil almcift boiiiuUefs, nceatlj 
R-and(rred beiwecn thrci; and four monil 
lUt feeing land, except Iwo deleft ilhiuJ 

dilii'elics wei'c fo great, ihat tliey w<-rc : 

to the mifcfable rxpcdient of eating ti 
that covered the diips' ri^^ging, which the 
id in fait water, in order to render then 
eafy of maftication. To ihis deplorabl 
Bt" famine, it is not to be woniicred nl, thfl 
tfs fliould furreed i and thol'c '■".ho wer 
blohuely diiabled by iiliir.fs, found them-! 
incapable nf fiibliliing on ihefc hard n'- 
liy ihe gurnii covering iheh lerili, liy which 
wcrp harved to dentli. ]t was providenllaM 
« reft, who ftill were obliged to attend t^ 
:ity of the ihip, that thpy were filling on a 
I fea, irnjielled by gcntie brcc/es, Irora 
cf It was dfuoiuinafid ihf P'.icilic Ocean. 

the dih of March thfj' I'vU in wvtlv ?. tl- 
■ iihii'U^ nanie(\ the. \-.aOi>;ouev, m Vfws. 
w. I fere thiy bwUi iAV 'j'^- V^»i\"«' 
t/ie j'rilinbiliiiascsitvm^ "vu ^.V^ww*^*" 



roia ' 

*5. ^ 



nnl order or fodal 

■ •iitircljf nfl' 

Iklir 'li-pr 
Diiicn wi-rr more .. 
*ini[ a panUl c--- 
hd ajjjicareJ lo Iil- i 
": were Inilied in 
I emplLiyivl llv; 
(111 bcr.inir in 
^%. that thl^ Sp: 
jiiiii tljciu, niid biu: 
elfr ihcm from theli; j>i 
eparird from ihence :ti 
«bout ihirty leagues dirtant. H< 
iritkfd, thiit iliougli tlicfc pc 
■fiirably addifled lo ihcft, it pr 
file frnin anv inn:ite dpjiMi'ttr i 
iin])eifctt nolifns of tbc facrcd r. 
propcrty. When all i-hiiijis arc 
v-lialt*-er plcaies the fancy is wkei 
nfe of WTdiig. The inhabitniilB 
tosfcn, feeing vhat gratified ihwn, 
I conception tliat they llioidii lie dt 
cing graiitifd with what ihey faw. 
Leaving Zamiil, they fonn came I 
' plrailmt iUand, and inhabited by 
tuple, ready tf> accommndaie the vig 
Whatever refrefhntents the jilacr. Luppl' 
bev recruited ilieir exhatilled Itrengtl 
»liiiig betn-een levcral more ifiaiidji, I 
Bliiiiaw, where they netc h^i i 
by the king. Thr oniive-, 
lacfjuaiiited w'ltVi CAw'iftiaw luLms, »'^ 
Ij or fuppoftd, Vif Ma^'-Wan. \i 
-■ the crofa al iVieu m^ij^^. "VNse ' 
had no more cx.leina\ rrvsnU'?. «^^ 
loft, beiiig tskitcA uv^^ ^ 



W!ii 



.t>Ctfill 




■V MAGI^LLAV'S VOYAGE. 2S3 

tonU not be eutered iv hhout a laddrr. Tlicfc 
kiDiici's regarded their ijutils wiili particular 
tlminiiion, lUid even trCBteil ilicni iis rujierior* 
in tht ftale of being. The Inil was laid to be- fo 
rich, that pieces of gold, of the lizc of liazrl- 
uiits, and fonii' much laiger, were fit'ted from the 
mun mould of ihir counlrj'. 
."lie king was a comely man, of an oHve cora- 
ion. He. was clotJicd in cotton ; wore a 
■er, with a gold halt, by his fide ; and wns 
rated willi a profulion of gold ringu. Mn- 
rllan prefcnlcd his majelly widi rarious colour- 
ed cloih, and dillribuled glaircs, knives, atid 
chryKiil beads among his attendants, li is re- 
lated, that one of the ifiandtrs offered a Spaniard 
a crown of gold and a Ci^llnr for ii\. thr'-ads of 
cliii'ftsl beads, biAt that the admiral would not 
permit iiich an unequal trnfiic to be carried on. 
if ihis is true, it evinces a moderation, wbipli 
few of the Spaniards were inrliiied lo imil.ttc in 
their diihuit cxpedltif'ns. The natives were a 
very lively people, and appeared to have no other 
religions ritea among them, tlian a certain cere- 
mony, whidi ihey praflifed, of lifting up their 
hands and eyes towards heaven, and calling on 
their god Abba. We are farther told, that tliey 
Itiffcred their guefts lo ereS a crofs and ;i crown 
of thorns; but to this they were induced bj- a 
^ious fraud of Magellan's, who perfuadet) tbetn, 
it tliis crols wouUl protfii't them from thff 
Lgers of lightning and tempelt, lo which this 
ate i"* vi-ry fiibieft, 

fter failing among feveral iflands, moll of 
lich iiftbrded fruits, goats, iiuA^o'>^wj,'«\iv'3 
ipJies proved extrenit\v bp\ic^c\^\ ^o '•^^ ^ 
f, the tk-ct arrived at Zw^iMt oft ^'^-■?^ 



ti.ttbniir. which 3t lirfl thrrw the inltatntnnN 
inin '.' ■ hot on ihc nature cfg 

ihr I rvplaiiicd, \hcv vir 

Iprc.l;!; u.i iU.l.Ic d Uj I^trir f;ueft3, T' 
iM.vdi-r, iliouglit fit to dMiaml iri' 
1 ■ 'ti his cotiHb i but rhis Mag^ll.i:! ILiUy 

'i.iy. AnJ his mttirliy h.n'inghfru l"lil 
I trani^cT* wiT(? IVirtUnurlr', w!i' 

I . .1 flririnrii Cidiciit, iiiiil wcrt i 

ha iln.-ic milil:irj' aLliicviuciiii jii liuliii, jmi^C 
it tidvLlablr to d'-lili fr-'m l\\\ prclrnlinns } uiid 
to ftijtly In rentirr himiVit oa ugj*eralilr fls 
crmlil. ilagclbn, we ntr |;ravi:l)' lold, had iiiJ 
l('.:r-!ji n cnmigli to prti.iil on lliis ]iiirn.c, Lie 
I'r'iiliiT, and ihr quet-n to rci'tivp the rile of I'lii- 
riiiiitl aWuiii'Oi and tliai a tnlal nbilition of 
idfil.irry lo"k plire liirriiiglmiit liis (ioniiuinnti*^ 
tlie ihoct Ijucc of Hghl d.iys. That (lie ptinc 
i,r Mi iifntile migliL be brought tn ihp lUe of cxi 
.115, is not vrry iiuprnb^ble ; but thai 

1 ,: .] be convcricii lo Ciiiilliaiiilj' was ir 

ptifi-Wc. They cnnitl neither nndrrftantt ihg 
i.iiic.[;)Bo of Magi'llan, nor could lie nndcrfianf 
■flieipt ; jrrincipk* ihey cciild acquirt- mme, wilbl 
out this medium of communiciiii'm ; bm it ■! 
mittii lo be fciirtd, that, in former lime], nnd 
pi'rb.-t|ii now. rites are niiftakcii for cUcntinlsj' 
and liHpiifm, which is only ihc ijiitiatnrv cerr.- 
rnony, 15. by a figiirt of language, taken for reli- 
gion itfclf. 

Af'cr fiinnouritLng as many danger!* as man 

roiild nndi^rgd ; afiir Cveiv.f; himfclf in poiiWiion 

lifbh willies, aii(\ eftaVi\\vWw^ bis thainfter for 

A'/cernincut ami aft'i\c-iV:i\\ Vt. t<-n»(M;*.VLiii^,\W. 

'/file was iipw appro, \cVm>^, 'Aia^ "^"^ 

k«> nirft his late. l..c-iv\\^'^.^«^^VL^.,^ 

■to the Jrte of Matii;m. "^^^ "^^ ^^"""^ 



u&gellak's totage. 2 

^IfiiTTient of i«*o kings, from whom tlie Spaat' 
aiiis dt-niajided an ncknnwkdgmc-iil of tribut 
"i'liis being juftly reluftd, an open rupture i:ii 
ftied ; and ihir ndmiral, with only liiiy Spaiii 
aril-, g[\\e hanle tn the natives, whnfe numbers 
tavc been caL-iilntcd tu amount to fix thouland, 
AfiiT a long azid fhaip conflict, in whitb thi 
lota on the fide of the Iiiiiians was much left 
than miglit have been eiipefted, and tin both n 
vciy ccnJiderable ; Afagcllnn, being loo far ad- 
vjneed, was wounded wilh a poifoned arrow,; 
and pierocd in the held with a lance, which ter- 
minated his life and exploits. Even his bod; 
was never recui-ered. 

Some have maintained that he was difpalrlied 
by his own men, to whom his ftrift difcipline bad 
rendered him odious and intolerable. In former 
periods of the voyage, iliis might have been llv 
cjife ; but now having rciielied ii land of plenty,; 
and fnj'mounted their priuijipal difticnliies, ii caa 
fcarcely be believed, that the Spaniai'ds would 
" riik tiieir own fal'cly by violating his. Indei.'d, 
the oioil authentic .iceoun'i of this unforiunats 
Uaiifaflion fay, that his nicn were much difeon- 
Certcd at his lofs. 

Though Magellan had no( the honour of beinjf 
the hrll '.nrciimnavi gator of (he globe, as he win 
cut off before the e<imp;-tion of his voyage, yet 
he (hewed ihe praflieability of the fcheme ; and 
Ihofe who followed him hid no more claims to 
flriginal difcoveiyibau thefuUowers of Columbus; 
th*ry, indeed, went f.ntlicr ; but lljey knew the 
tTiiek. in w iiitli they were to go. 

h h probable, howevet^ \\\aV 'N\'J';^«"^'Kri ~^'-*^ 
\-rry Utile idea of nieet'wio \\\t\v \\\c ta a---'^^ "^ 
beam Ilia name. His i:>r\a,\w!i\ 'Ot\iiv\'^">-'>- '^ 



360 MACKI-L&H't VOTARF. 

fd. and by prrfcvxriDce, bo prrfiiaded 1 

tti.-it u bounuaiy wotUil Le found to the a 

tinciit an well as ilic 'ilU. By doubling I 

ci (jofid Hope, fl paiTagR was found ini 

rli.in lens ) and Ma^rtittn did not fri 

but t'unic othtrpriimoni. " ^, wli 

oi";n ;■ way to tlte I'aL-iij Th 

minils, by rotnbiti.iiiijii and L^-UiUuitii m 

cut plans, wliich, (hough clrar lo ihco 

ticier have btcn enmeivcd by ordinal) 

lies, nortiicculcd but by (he fiill pn-jed 

But to return. After the death of JV 

a conipiuiy of his tijllciwers being invji 

niitrtaiiinn-nr on Ibovc, wrre rrt-.u-herou 

drrcd i acd only Dun Juan Scnatii), ol 

lalliicd, wiu reiwved ali*P, in order tad 

large liipfily of fire aims aiid amma 

WMj- (if ranrnm. But ihofc "hn rcmi 

hnard, fcs'-ful of l>eing trrpaniifd. woi 

no fanl cr intrreouric wl'tli this piTbdi 

pic, and failed away, leaving Uie 

Serrano u> ih'ir mercy. 

'I'hc comp:itiy on board, ivlilcfa an 

eighty men, held on their cmitfc toM 

Mcbicc.is, ofwliich Magellan had rccci' 

intclligrnrc licfurc his I'aialUophe, i 

they burl\ed ihi: ihip Coneejilion, and di 

llie Iianils in the oilw-r two, From tht 

proceeded In Paviloghan and Chippi 

(l.cre WS4 pold, with pleniy of goals, fi 

Jpices. Tiic natives trratrd them in a i 

Cdlitp maimer ; and (he. prltiec ftskined 

vith Wund, as ^ lymhol of ilie ccvena 

After itmcliiDK *t Ca^iXwivao ani'! 

arrived at ISorsno, ntVt svw.\\ififl 

7 hey fmiiiA llic 'x<^ai\A v«^ ^^V*^^* 

fAa-aMoor, and obtovci S^K" 



^^ MAGEtLXH's VOYAGE. 287 

contained twenty- five thoufand houles. 
lor, cinnamnn, oranges, and lemons were 
incipal produSiona of the conmry. Wdilc 
iy here, they were attacked by an Indinii 
which they defeated, taking an Indian 
prifoner, who, ihroiigh negligence or dc- 
ras permitt''d Co efcape, 
ing Ibme other ill.ind', ihev ftcered for iLe 
:cas ; and, afitr fiiftaining anoihcr Itorm, 
!d Tiridore, ttic chief of (hcfe ilbnds, oit 
b of November. Tims 'mt- ol'ii'cl of the 
ewasaccoraplilhcd, to fail tu the Moluccas 
■- weft. They found ihcfe idarids (o be five 
ober, abouutiin^ in ornng^, lemons, pomc- 
les. nnd rich fpices. The inhahitanls were 
i and Paa;iins; (be latter nf which, anions 
abfiirdities, were fiiid to worlhip the tirit 
they met in the morning ; though, in 
of fupcrftitiiin, the Mahometans, in genc- 
Lceeded ihem. 

Ang opened a warehonfe, an advant.iweoiu 
comm!^nced with Ihe natives. Cloth, 
and quiclililver found a ready cschaiigo 
loves and nthrr valuable produftions of 
illanda. Provificiis were abnnd:int nnd 
of which the Spaniard-i laid in a compe- 
iipply. At their departure, ihey were ho- 
d by the attendance of the king;) of feveral 
; Moliiccni, as far as Mare, where lliey tools 
edionate le.ive. 

! company was now rednced tofnrty-fix Spa* 
1 and thirteen Indians. In their conr'e tlic* 
cd^aiTimi^r, where gingeraiid wbatCivx.i'-w^ 
abouniled, as well as neceSaf^ \iiiis;\%«>&. 
■n /fence they i otemleiV lo fti;\vt^ vVe\x M.'W-'^'i 
[.Cape of Good tlapc. \iu^- ai^-cT '^'>^ V^ *"'^' 



7fB irACUt-t :c'3 tot.ike. ■ 

titiiilc 43 deg. loiiili. Avoitling MofsniW(|«^ 
It'iiu an appirl' ■ 
1 .1- iicir, lliclc 

Lilt ilifticfi for jirviiliuiw. In ilii-i limini..il tiicfi 
mihrd ihc Cape de \'ct<\ liLiniis, irhcrr, not- 
■ iig they had taufo f'lr fear, iuch »ai 
iiiig «aot, that they chole raUio' 19 
Jctaiiiril than to piTiJ]] «i(li ll^iuinr. 
i-ji wi'ii; lujiplicd with provllions; liul, 
lyn Ifindcng again, lliirlei'imf llii- trcw Wtrc !«?•( 
Ckl 3tic! itiatlt' jjnroncis. The reft, fearful of rht 
fame fate, and uiuihlc to tonteiid, fct (ail »iih»^ 
cut tlivm. Fasaiinble g:iles attended ibeir jiTv-i 
grcA, aiid, on the 7ih of Su-picnibt-r, ility airi»n] 
in fafc'ty at thr port nf Si. Lucar, uniler tha 
condiict tif Jolin Seballiaii Caino, niter cire\im- 
n:ivigaijiig ihir ^lobu it) tliice year* mnd Uuri)'- 
Iti LQ daja. Of the whole Iqitadraii, only ime 
fliip had ihr good fortctie ti> rcltifo !o Spain, 
and of two liiindreil nnd tliiriy lout oJfii'iT* alid 
{famcn, the complement at letting oat, oalf 
Ihiriucn Sj«iiiiards runin.:d lu vifit ihcir native 
land. 

Don Schorttdn Canio was received with rciy 
extraordinnry honour hy the Emperor Charles V, 
who, to dilHnguiih him and his pnllt^ity for 
ever, alli^cd liim the tprrcllrial ^lubc lor litl 
amis, with tbc motto primus me ciucuiiDKPts 

TI, I's« I'mr firjt jvrrmmled nr. He, hkenile,' 

came in for many liberal rei<"ards, which, had 
Magellan livedi would have beat peciiiiulf liM 
due. 



ET<DOE \oi.\nw.i. 



THE NEW YORK PUBUC UBRARY 

MBPBRBNCB OBPARTMBNT 



TUi book ia Bodar no oironmatuiooB to b 
takan from tha BBJldinC 




















































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